fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.05, 0.1, 0.9, 0.85])
ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(0, 200, 11))
xticks = [2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10]
xticks_minor = [1, 5, 7, 9, 11]
xlbls = ['background', '5 year statistical summary', 'future build',
    'maximum day', '90th percentile day', 'average day']
ax.set_xticks(xticks)
ax.set_xticks(xticks_minor, minor=True)
ax.set_xticklabels(xlbls)
ax.set_xlim(1, 11)
ax.grid('off', axis='x')
ax.grid('off', axis='x', which='minor')
va = [0, -0.05, 0, -0.05, -0.05, -0.05]
for t, y in zip(ax.get_xticklabels(), va):
    t.set_y(y)
ax.tick_params(axis='x', which='minor', direction='out', length=30)
ax.tick_params(axis='x', which='major', bottom='off', top='off')
Несколько строк с метками x в matplotlib