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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke

Frederick Carl Frieseke

Collections

Frederick Carl Frieseke / Collections

Frederick Carl Frieseke was an American Impressionist painter who spent most of his life as an expatriate in France. An influential member of the Giverny art colony, his paintings often concentrated on various effects of dappled sunlight. He is especially known for painting female subjects, both indoors and out.

Frieseke's work is in many major collections including: Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, Massachusetts Art Institute of Chicago Brigham Young University Museum of Art, Provo, Utah Brooklyn Museum, New York City Butler Institute of American Art, Ohio Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, California Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens, Jacksonville, Florida Detroit Institute of Arts Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, Georgia Grand Rapids Art Museum Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C. Huntington Library, San Marino, California Indianapolis Museum of Art Los Angeles County Museum of Art Maier Museum of Art at Randolph College, Lynchburg, Virginia Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Minneapolis Institute of Arts Musée franco-américain du château de Blérancourt Musée Léon Dierx, Saint-Denis, Réunion Museo d'Art Moderna de Ca' Pesaro, Venice Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Museum of the National Academy of Design, New York City Musée des Impressionnismes (formerly the Musée d'Art Américain), Giverny National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. National Museums Liverpool New Britain Museum of American Art, Connecticut North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia Philadelphia Museum of Art Shiawassee Arts Center, Owosso, Michigan Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C. Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond Wichita Art Museum

Sunbath 1908/1918

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtus

Myrtus

Garden history

Myrtus / Garden history

English: Photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (Australia) in January English: This photo is from Gardenology.org and is available under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license. If you use it, please include attribution to Gardenology.org, with a link if the media allows it. If the name is missing, click here. This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page. Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by an OTRS member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2010122210000934. If you have questions about the archived correspondence, please use the OTRS noticeboard. Ticket link: https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=2010122210000934

Myrtus, with the common name myrtle, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae, described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753. Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved to other genera or been regarded as synonyms. The genus Myrtus has three species recognised today: Myrtus communis – Common myrtle; native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe. Myrtus nivellei – Saharan myrtle; native to North Africa. Myrtus phyllireaefolia

M. communis ssp. tarentina cv. 'compacta' in the garden

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Andr%C3%A9-Gabriel_Bouchet

Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet

Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet

. Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet was a French historical painter and a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He painted subjects from sacred and profane history, poetry, and portraits. He won the Prix de Rome in 1797, and continued to exhibit until 1819. Charles Gabet does not mention the date of his birth or death. 1807 he manufactured the portrait on behalf emperors Napoléon as counterpart to the work of Empress Joséphine who Robert Lefèvre 1805 had implemented. Napoléon gave these two portraits of the city Aachen to 1807. After their deportation of Aachen into the city lock of Berlin on order Friedrich Wilhelm IV copies were made before he sent the paintings back 1840 to Aachen. Probably Professor Carl Schmid painted the reproductions. The original works decorate today the entrance hall of Aachen city hall.

. Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet (1759 – 7 July 1842) was a French historical painter and a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He painted subjects from sacred and profane history, poetry, and portraits. He won the Prix de Rome in 1797, and continued to exhibit until 1819. Charles Gabet does not mention the date of his birth or death. 1807 he manufactured the portrait on behalf emperors Napoléon as counterpart to the work of Empress Joséphine who Robert Lefèvre 1805 had implemented. Napoléon gave these two portraits of the city Aachen to 1807. After their deportation of Aachen into the city lock of Berlin on order Friedrich Wilhelm IV copies were made before he sent the paintings back 1840 to Aachen. Probably Professor Carl Schmid painted the reproductions. The original works decorate today the entrance hall of Aachen city hall.

The Death of Cato the Younger, the 1797 painting which won Bouchet the Prix de Rome. Now at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Tripepi

Luigi Tripepi

Luigi Tripepi

English: This is the portrait of the Cardinal Luigi Tripepi (Cardeto 21st June 1836 - Rome 29th December 1906) kept in the "Museo di Roma - Palazzo Braschi" (Rome, Italy), close to Piazza Navona, made by the Italian paintor Cazzaitis.

Luigi Tripepi was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and poet. He was one of the most important Roman Catholic apologists of the 19th century.

Luigi Tripepi (21 June 1836 – 29 December 1906) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and poet. He was one of the most important Roman Catholic apologists of the 19th century.

Cazzuitis S., Ritratto del Cardinale Luigi Tripepi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancini_family

Mancini family

Mancini family

"View of the Palazzo Mancini", Rome (Italy), the seat of the French Academy since 1725

Mancini was one of the oldest families of Roman nobility. Their titles and fiefs were numerous: Duke of Nevers and Donzy, Prince of Vergagne and of the Holy Roman Empire with the treatment of Serene Highness, French Peer, Spanish Grandee, Marquis of Fusignano, Count of Montefortino, Viscount of Clamecy, Baron of Tardello, Tumminii and Ogliastro, Lord of Claye-Souilly, Roman noble and Venetian patrician. They were knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece, of the Order of the Holy Spirit, of the Order of Saint Michael, of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and many more. The humanist Marco Antonio Altieri includes them in Li Nuptiali, an important collection of news about Rome in the 16th century. The family was granted the Honneurs de la Cour of France.

Mancini was one of the oldest families of Roman nobility. Their titles and fiefs were numerous: Duke of Nevers and Donzy, Prince of Vergagne and of the Holy Roman Empire with the treatment of Serene Highness, French Peer, Spanish Grandee, Marquis of Fusignano, Count of Montefortino, Viscount of Clamecy, Baron of Tardello, Tumminii and Ogliastro, Lord of Claye-Souilly, Roman noble and Venetian patrician. They were knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece, of the Order of the Holy Spirit, of the Order of Saint Michael, of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and many more. The humanist Marco Antonio Altieri (1457–1537) includes them in Li Nuptiali, an important collection of news about Rome in the 16th century. The family was granted the Honneurs de la Cour of France.

Palazzo Mancini, Rome. Etching by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, 1752.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Assassin%27s_Creed_characters

List of Assassin's Creed characters

Mary Read

List of Assassin's Creed characters / Helix Player saga / Characters of Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag / Mary Read

English: Mary Read killing her antagonist [with a sword]. Illus. in: The Pirates Own Book, 1842, p. 389.

This list of characters from the Assassin's Creed franchise contains only characters that are considered part of Assassin's Creed canon. Some of them are completely fictional and some are partially based on real-world historical figures.

Mary Read (c. 1685–1721) was an English pirate and member of the Assassin Order, trained by the Mentor of the Caribbean Assassins, Ah Tabai. She was also one of the founders of the Pirate Republic of Nassau. In order to facilitate her career as a pirate, she posed as James Kidd, an illegitimate son of the late William Kidd.

Mary Read killing her antagonist

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBB_Fernsehen

RBB Fernsehen

RBB Fernsehen

Deutsch: , Ulli Zelle berichtet in der Abendschau über den Großbrand auf dem Dach der Berliner Philharmonie Berlin, 20. Mai 2008

RBB Fernsehen is a German free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg and serving Berlin and Brandenburg. It is one of the seven regional "third programmes" that are offered within the federal ARD network.

RBB Fernsehen (stylized as rbb fernsehen) is a German free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB) and serving Berlin and Brandenburg. It is one of the seven regional "third programmes" that are offered within the federal ARD network.

rbb presenter Ulli Zelle

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Francesco and Ferdinando I

Grand Duchy of Tuscany / Medici Period / Francesco and Ferdinando I

Ferdinandi_i_de'_medici

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants. Initially, Tuscany was ruled by the House of Medici until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. While not as internationally renowned as the old republic, the grand duchy thrived under the Medici and it bore witness to unprecedented economic and military success under Cosimo I and his sons, until the reign of Ferdinando II, which saw the beginning of the state's long economic decline. It peaked under Cosimo III. Francis Stephen of Lorraine, a cognatic descendant of the Medici, succeeded the family and ascended the throne of his Medicean ancestors. Tuscany was governed by a viceroy, Marc de Beauvau-Craon, for his entire rule. His descendants ruled, and resided in, the grand duchy until its end in 1859, barring one interruption, when Napoleon Bonaparte gave Tuscany to the House of Bourbon-Parma. Following the collapse of the Napoleonic system in 1814, the grand duchy was restored.

Francesco had little interest in governing his realm, instead participating in scientific experiments. The administration of the state was delegated to bureaucrats. He continued his father's Austrian/Imperial alliance, cementing it by marrying Johanna of Austria. Francesco is best remembered for dying on the same day as his second wife, Bianca Cappello, spurring rumours of poisoning. He was succeeded by Ferdinando de' Medici, his younger brother, whom he loathed. Ferdinando eagerly assumed the government of Tuscany. He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in Southern Tuscany, and cultivated trade in Livorno. To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of Mulberry trees along the major roads (silk worms feed on Mulberry leaves). He shifted Tuscany away from Habsburg hegemony by marrying the first non-Habsburg candidate since Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence, Christina of Lorraine, a granddaughter of Catherine de' Medici. The Spanish reaction was to construct a citadel on their portion of the island of Elba. To strengthen the new Tuscan alliance, he married the deceased Francesco's younger daughter, Marie, to Henry IV of France. Henry explicitly stated that he would defend Tuscany from Spanish aggression, but later reneged. Ferdinando was forced to marry his heir, Cosimo, to Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria to assuage Spain (where Maria Maddalena's sister was the incumbent Queen consort). Ferdinando sponsored a Tuscan colony in America, with the intention of establishing a Tuscan settlement in the area of what is now French Guiana. Despite all of these incentives to economic growth and prosperity, the population of Florence, at dawn of the 17th century, was a mere 75,000 souls, far smaller than the other capitals of Italy: Rome, Milan, Venice, Palermo and Naples. Francesco and Ferdinando, due to lax distinction between Medici and Tuscan state property, are thought to be wealthier than their ancestor, Cosimo de' Medici, the founder of the dynasty. The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources. The fortunes of the Medici were directly tied to the Tuscan economy. Ferdinando, despite no longer being a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive Papal conclaves; elections which chose the Pope, the head of the Catholic Church. In 1605, Ferdinando succeeded in getting his candidate, Alessandro de' Medici, elected as Pope Leo XI. Leo XI died less than a month later, but fortunately for the Medici his successor Pope Paul V was also pro-Medici. Ferdinando's pro-Papal foreign policy, however, had drawbacks. Tuscany was overcome with religious orders, all of whom were not obliged to pay taxes. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; however, his inaction in international affairs drew Tuscany into the provincial yolk of politics.

The Grand Duke Ferdinando I.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entheogen

Entheogen

Ancient times

Entheogen / History / Ancient times

Echinopsis pachanoi

text

An entheogen is a psychoactive substance that induces alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior for the purposes of engendering spiritual development in sacred contexts. The religious, magical, shamanic, or spiritual significance of entheogens is well established in anthropological and modern contexts; entheogens have traditionally been used to supplement many diverse practices geared towards achieving transcendence, including divination, meditation, yoga, sensory deprivation, asceticism, prayer, trance, rituals, chanting, hymns like peyote songs, drumming, and ecstatic dance.

R. Gordon Wasson and Giorgio Samorini have proposed several examples of the cultural use of entheogens that are found in the archaeological record. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at Pazyryk suggest early ceremonial practices by the Scythians occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BCE, confirming previous historical reports by Herodotus.

Flowering San Pedro, an entheogenic cactus that has been used for over 3,000 years.[5] Today the vast majority of extracted mescaline is from columnar cacti, not vulnerable peyote.[6]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo

Brewster F2A Buffalo

British Commonwealth (Malaya)

Brewster F2A Buffalo / Operational history / British Commonwealth (Malaya)

English: Twelve Brewster Buffalo Mark Is of No. 243 Squadron RAF, based at Kallang, Singapore, in flight over the Malayan jungle in in formations of three, accompanied by a Bristol Blenheim Mark IV of No, 34 Squadron RAF (lower right), based at Tengah. This is photograph K 1228 from the collections of the Imperial War Museums.

The Brewster F2A Buffalo is an American fighter aircraft which saw service early in World War II. Designed and built by the Brewster Aeronautical Corporation, it was one of the first U.S. monoplanes with an arrestor hook and other modifications for aircraft carriers. The Buffalo won a competition against the Grumman F4F Wildcat in 1939 to become the U.S. Navy's first monoplane fighter aircraft. Although superior to the Grumman F3F biplane it replaced, and the early F4Fs, the Buffalo was largely obsolete when the United States entered the war, being unstable and overweight, especially when compared to the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero. Several nations, including Finland, Belgium, Britain and the Netherlands, ordered the Buffalo. The Finns were the most successful with their Buffalos, flying them in combat against early Soviet fighters with excellent results.

Facing a shortage of combat aircraft in January 1940, the British government established the British Purchasing Commission to acquire U.S. aircraft that would help supplement domestic production. Among the U.S. fighter aircraft that caught the Commission's attention was the Brewster. The remaining 32 B-339 aircraft ordered by the Belgians, suspended at the fall of France, were passed on to the United Kingdom. Appraisal by Royal Air Force acceptance personnel criticized it on numerous points including inadequate armament and lack of pilot armor, poor high-altitude performance, engine overheating, maintenance issues, and cockpit controls, while it was praised for its handling, roomy cockpit, and visibility. With a top speed of about 323 mph (520 km/h) at 21,000 ft (6,400 m), but with fuel starvation issues over 15,000 ft (4,600 m), it was considered unfit for duty in western Europe. Still desperately in need of fighter aircraft in the Pacific and Asia for British and Commonwealth air forces, the UK ordered an additional 170 aircraft under the type specification B-339E. The aircraft were sent to Royal Australian Air Force, RAF and Royal New Zealand Air Force fighter squadrons in Singapore, Malaya and Burma, shortly before the outbreak of war with Japan. The B-339E, or Brewster Buffalo Mk I as it was designated in British service, was initially intended to be fitted with an export-approved Wright R-1820-G-105 Cyclone engine with a 1,000 hp (745.7 kW) (peak takeoff) engine. The Brewster aircraft delivered to British and Commonwealth air forces were significantly altered from the B-339 type sold to the Belgium and French forces in accordance with their purchase order. The Brewster factory removed the Navy life raft container and arrestor hook, while adding many new items of equipment, including a British Mk III reflector gun sight, a gun camera, a larger fixed pneumatic tire tail wheel, fire extinguisher, engine shutters, a larger battery, and reinforced armor plating and armored glass behind the canopy windshield. The Brewster Model B-339E, as modified and supplied to Great Britain was distinctly inferior in performance to the F2A-2 (Model B-339) from the original order. It had a less powerful (1,000 hp (745.7 kW)) engine compared to the F2A-2's 1,200 hp (895 kW) Cyclone, yet was substantially heavier due to all of the additional modifications (some 900 lb/400 kg). The semi-retractable tail wheel had been exchanged for a larger fixed model, which was also less aerodynamic. Top speed was reduced from 323 mph (520 km/h) to 313 mph (504 km/h) at combat altitudes. In its original form, the B-339 had a theoretical maximum speed of 323 mph (520 km/h) at a rather unrealistic 21,000 ft (6,400 m), but fuel starvation problems and poor supercharger performance at higher altitudes meant that this figure was never achieved in combat; the B-339E was no different in this regard. Its maneuverability was severely impaired (the aircraft was unable to perform loops), and initial rate of climb was reduced to 2,300 ft/min. The Wright Cyclone 1890-G-105 engine designated for use in the Brewster Mk I was in short supply; many aircraft were fitted with secondhand Wright engines sourced from Douglas DC-3 airliners and rebuilt to G105 or G102A specifications by Wright. In service, some effort was made by at least one Brewster squadron to improve the type's sluggish performance; a few aircraft were lightened by some 1,000 lb (450 kg) by removing armor plate, armored windshields, radios, gun camera, and all other unnecessary equipment, and by replacing the .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns with .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns. The fuselage tanks were filled with a minimum of fuel, and run on high-octane aviation petrol where available. At Alor Star airfield in Malaya, the Japanese captured over 1,000 barrels (160 m³) of high-octane aviation petrol from British forces, which they promptly used in their own fighter aircraft. Many of the pilots assigned the Buffalo lacked adequate training and experience in the type. A total of 20 of the original 169 Buffalos w

Buffalo Mk I formation over Malaya, late 1941.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Route_26

New York State Route 26

Madison and Oneida counties

New York State Route 26 / Route description / Madison and Oneida counties

New York State Route 26 at southern end of overlap with U.S. Route 20. West of Bouckville

New York State Route 26 is a north–south state highway that runs for 203.80 miles through Central New York in the United States. Its southern terminus is located at the Pennsylvania state line south of the town of Vestal in Broome County, where it becomes Pennsylvania Route 267. Its northern terminus is located at a junction with NY 12 in the village of Alexandria Bay in Jefferson County. NY 26 serves three cities along its routing; one directly and two via other roadways. NY 26 also intersects several other primary routes including I-81 in Barker, an overlap with U.S. Route 20 in Madison, NY 12 in Lowville, and an overlap with US 11 in the Jefferson County town of Philadelphia. NY 26, as a single route, was established in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York; however, portions of the route had been signed state routes since the 1920s. Since 1930, the route has been realigned several times in the North Country, resulting in a modern routing significantly different from its initial alignment. For a brief period during the 1970s, NY 26 ended in Carthage.

The overlap extends for 2.5 miles (4.0 km) into Madison County to the hamlet of Georgetown, where NY 80 forks to the northwest into a narrow creek valley. NY 26, meanwhile, runs northeast from Georgetown through the Otselic River valley, which begins to narrow as the river approaches its source in the northern part of the town. While the river tapers off, NY 26 climbs slightly in elevation to wind its way northeastward around a series of mountains and hills. The road descends into a narrow creek valley at West Eaton, and the highway proceeds east along Eaton Brook to the hamlet of Eaton on the Chenango River. The stream ends here, leaving the route to traverse another set of mountains to reach a low-lying, marshy area near Bouckville. Here, NY 26 crosses NY 46 ahead of a junction with US 20. NY 26 turns east at the junction, following US 20 through Bouckville toward the village of Madison. US 20 and NY 26 pick up NY 12B at a junction east of Bouckville, and all three routes run east–west through Madison as Main Street. The brief stretch of homes and businesses along Main Street quickly fades outside the village limits, and NY 12B and NY 26 leave US 20 soon afterward. While US 20 continues to the east, NY 12B and NY 26 proceed northeast into Oneida County and the village of Oriskany Falls on the county's southern edge. The routes head along Madison Street to the community's central business district, where NY 26 doubles back to the southwest on Main Street. It continues on this track to the western fringe of the village, where it returns to a northwesterly track and heads for less developed parts of the town of Augusta. The route goes across rolling farmland for several miles before entering the town of Vernon and its hamlet of Vernon Center, where NY 31 terminates at a traffic circle in the center of the community. About one mile (1.6 km) north of Vernon Center, NY 26 intersects NY 5 at a rural junction two miles (3.2 km) east of the village of Vernon. From here, NY 26 traverses more open farmland, crossing over the New York State Thruway in Westmoreland before entering the outer district of the city of Rome. The route passes the Oneida and Mohawk correctional facilities just ahead of a junction with NY 365, a four-lane divided highway. NY 26 turns east here, overlapping with NY 365 for just under two miles (3.2 km) to a directional T interchange with NY 49 and NY 69. While NY 365 continues northeastward around the perimeter of downtown Rome, NY 26 exits the highway and immediately begins an overlap with both NY 49 and NY 69. The three routes head north on the four-lane East Erie Boulevard, passing a handful of industrial warehouses before crossing over CSX Transportation's Mohawk Subdivision rail line and the Erie Canal on their way into downtown. The highway runs through a commercial strip for several blocks to an intersection with Black River Boulevard and NY 46. While NY 46 southbound joins NY 49 and NY 69 to the northwest, NY 26 turns northeast to overlap with NY 46 northbound along the four-lane Black River Boulevard, passing along the southeastern edge of the Fort Stanwix National Monument. The overlap continues for several commercial and residential blocks to East Bloomfield Street, at which point NY 26 turns northward to follow the two-lane East Bloomfield and Turin streets across the mostly residential northern part of the city. The homes become more sporadic as the highway leaves Rome for the town of Lee, home to several hamlets along the west side of Delta Lake. North of the reservoir, the route crosses gradually less developed and more open areas as it crosses into Lewis County.

NY 26 northbound approaching US 20

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Rawson

Franklin Rawson

Work

Franklin Rawson / Work

Español: Asesinato de Manuel Vicente Maza.

Benjamin Franklin Rawson was an Argentine painter who belonged to the first generation of Argentine painters called the "precursors". His best known works are the Assassination of Manuel Vicente Maza and Rescue in the Cordillera.

Rawson painted figures and scenes of his time, always characterized with a sense of balance. Most of his work consists of portraits and miniatures, lucrative genres because the wealthy social sector paid well to preserve their images. Three of his works are surprising for their realism: his self-portrait (1838), the oil painting of William Rawson (1839) and the young Sarmiento (1842). His portraits were very expressive, well-observed character studies, such as his portrait of Don Eustaquio Díaz Vélez. Among the female images is that of doña Tránsito Oro de Lerma, sister of the bishop Oro de Lerma, of Jacinta Paz Rojo and Paz Sarmiento de Laspiur. He also painted infants, such as the portrait of Adan Aberastain as a child. Rawson also made several historically themed productions. Rescue in the Cordillera (1855) is a well-known work where his friend Sarmiento and McDonald appears in a heroic episode in which he was not actually involved, in distributing aid from Chile to the survivors of the Unitarian forces that were defeated at the Battle of Rodeo del Medio, surprised by a snowstorm. The hero gives out bread to help them overcome the natural elements. The Flight of Malon (1860) shows a father, mother and son on horseback leaving behind their house, which has been set of fire by Indians. The most important creation of the historical genre was also painted by the artist in 1860 and is called the Murder of Manuel Vicente Maza, which reproduces a moment in the murder of the former governor of Buenos Aires Province. Among the few religious works of the painter, the Immaculate Conception (1845) is notable, oil on canvas more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. Everyday scenes include El Escobero (1865) and La Cometa (1868), one of his last works. The San Juan Museum of Fine Arts, which houses one of the most important collections in Argentina, has taken his name since 1938 at the initiative of Alfredo Martin Palma, a member of the Commission of Fine Arts.

Murder of Manuel Vicente Maza (1860)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albay

Albay

Languages

Albay / Demographics / Languages

English: A view of Mayon Volcano

Albay is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Legazpi, the regional center of the whole Bicol Region, which is located in the southern foothill of Mayon Volcano, the symbol most associated with the province. This perfectly symmetrical active stratovolcano forms a magnificent, scenic backdrop to the city of Legazpi and is visible throughout the municipalities and cities of Albay including the surrounding provinces. The province was added to the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in March 2016.

Albay is home to several languages and host to different native languages of Bicol Region. Out of seven Bikol languages (excluding the Bisakol languages, which are Bisayan languages), only Pandan Bikol of northern Catanduanes is not used or which the origin is not from Albay. The languages in the province is very diverse which includes the languages of Albay Bikol group which comprises the languages of West Miraya, East Miraya, Libon and Buhinon. Of the four Albay Bikol languages, Buhinon is the only one not used in Albay but rather in Buhi, Camarines Sur. Rinconada Bikol is a minority language in the province and used by people in barangays of Libon and Polangui that are near the boundary of Bato and Iriga City in Camarines Sur. Another primary language used in the province is Central Bikol which is the native-tongue of the population on the eastern coast of the Bicol Peninsula. Both Albay Bikol languages and Rinconada Bikol are members of Inland Bikol group of languages while Central Bikol is a language member of Coastal Bikol. The Tabaco-Legazpi-Sorsogon dialect of Central Bikol is spoken in Legazpi City, Tabaco City and neighboring municipalities on the east side of Albay, and some parts of northern Sorsogon (especially in Sorsogon City). The majority of the inhabitants also understand English and Filipino as second languages.

Aguas Farm and Resort

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_the_Berlin_area

List of railway stations in the Berlin area

List of railway stations in the Berlin area

Eröffnung des S-Bahnhofs Julius-Leber-Brücke in Berlin-Schöneberg

This list covers the railway stations in the Berlin area. These include both passenger stations and marshalling yards, but not goods stations. Because the Berlin S-Bahn network has expanded to include stations in the state of Brandenburg, the table shows only those stations lying within the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg's present-day Berlin ABC fare zones, and those formerly served by Berlin's suburban services. The latter ran out beyond the capital's boundaries to the next largest towns along the main and branch lines. The farthest towns on the lines covered here are listed below: Rüdnitz – Werneuchen – Strausberg – Fürstenwalde – Kablow – Königs Wusterhausen – Mittenwalde – Wünsdorf – Thyrow – Beelitz-Stadt – Beelitz-Heilstätten – Werder

This list covers the railway stations in the Berlin area. These include both passenger stations and marshalling yards, but not goods stations. Because the Berlin S-Bahn network has expanded to include stations in the state of Brandenburg, the table shows only those stations lying within the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg's present-day Berlin ABC fare zones (i.e. those up to about 15 kilometres from the Berlin city boundary), and those formerly served by Berlin's suburban services. The latter ran out beyond the capital's boundaries to the next largest towns along the main and branch lines. The farthest towns on the lines covered here are listed below: Rüdnitz (Stettin Railway) – Werneuchen (Wriezen Railway) – Strausberg (Prussian Eastern Railway) – Fürstenwalde (Lower Silesian-Märkisch Railway) – Kablow (Königs Wusterhausen–Grunow) – Königs Wusterhausen (Görlitz Railway) – Mittenwalde (Neukölln–Mittenwalde railway) – Wünsdorf (Dresden Railway) – Thyrow (Anhalt Railway) – Beelitz-Stadt (Brandenburg Ring Railway) – Beelitz-Heilstätten (Wetzlar Railway) – Werder (Berlin-Potsdam railway (Stammbahn) – Wustermark (Lehrte Railway) – Nauen (Hamburg Railway) – Vehlefanz (Kremmen Railway) – Sachsenhausen (Nordb) (Prussian Northern Railway) – Wensickendorf and Wandlitzsee (Heidekraut Railway).

New: The Berlin S-Bahn station, Julius-Leber-Brücke, opened in 2008

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court

North Carolina Supreme Court

History

North Carolina Supreme Court / History

English: North Carolina Supreme Court building in Raleigh, NC

The Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina is the state's highest appellate court. Until the creation of the North Carolina Court of Appeals in the 1960s, it was the state's only appellate court. The Supreme Court consists of six associate justices and one chief justice, although the number of justices has varied from time to time. The primary function of the Supreme Court is to decide questions of law that have arisen in the lower courts and before state administrative agencies.

The first North Carolina appellate court, created in 1799, was called the Court of Conference and consisted of several North Carolina Superior Court (trial) judges sitting en banc twice each year to review appeals from their own courts. In 1805 it was named the Supreme Court, and a seal and motto were to be procured. From the time the North Carolina General Assembly created the Court as a distinct body in 1818 until 1868, the members of the Court were chosen by the General Assembly and served for life, or "during good behavior." The legislature appointed John Louis Taylor, Leonard Henderson, and John Hall as the first Supreme Court judges. The three judges were allowed to select their own Chief Justice, and they chose Taylor. The Court first met on January 1, 1819. Since the adoption of the 1868 state constitution, each justice has been elected (separately, including a distinct Chief Justice position) by the people to an eight-year term. There are no term limits. The General Assembly made Supreme Court elections non-partisan starting with the 2004 elections, but later made them partisan again after the 2016 elections. Susie Sharp became the court's first female justice in 1962 (and later, she became its first female chief justice). In 2011, the court had a female majority for the first time (that majority ended in 2014 with the retirement of Chief Justice Sarah Parker). The Supreme Court is housed in the Law and Justice Building, located across from the North Carolina State Capitol in Raleigh, North Carolina. The building was built in 1940 and underwent major renovations in 2005–2007. In 1975, a new seal was adopted. The old Latin phrase Suum cuique was amended to Suum cuique tribuere.

Justice Building in Raleigh, NC

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Melbourne_tram_extensions

Proposed Melbourne tram extensions

Route 58 to Hartwell

Proposed Melbourne tram extensions / Proposals / Route 58 to Hartwell

English: A map of the proposed extension to the Route 8 tram in Melbourne. Dark green (on the left) shows the current route, light green shows the proposed route, red lines show bus routes. Created with OpenStreetMap and Paint.Net.

Numerous proposals have been made for improvements to the Melbourne tram network, the largest such network in the world. Nearly all of these have been for track extensions of existing lines to connect with nearby railway station or to service new areas and suburbs.

The PTUA has proposed a continuation of Route 58 from its current terminus east down Toorak Road, terminating near to where it would join the current Route 75 and the Alamein train line at Hartwell station. It would cover just over 4 km.

Map of a proposed route 58 extension.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burford,_Ontario

Burford, Ontario

Burford, Ontario

English: Canada Post Office in Burford's downtown.

Canada Post Office in Burford's downtown

Burford is a rural community and is part of the County of Brant, in central southwestern Ontario. It has 1,615 residents. It is located eight kilometres west of the City of Brantford along Highway 53, and seventy kilometres east of London, Ontario. It is approximately 100 km southwest of Toronto. Administrative offices for the County of Brant are located in Burford, making it one of three service hubs for the county. Amongst designated heritage properties in the area is the former Burford Armoury, built in 1906, which was important for military training in earlier days when Canada had an active militia force in each county. Burford is home to the Burford Bulldogs, a junior hockey team that plays in the Provincial Junior Hockey League. Burford has a local golf course, Burford Golf Links, which was founded in 1980. It has gone through a number of different owners and is now part of the GolfNorth group of golf courses. Burford also hosts the Burford Fall Fair every year. The fair was established in 1858 and after being hosted in Harley as the World's Fair, was relocated to Burford, when the Burford fair grounds were purchased in 1893.

Burford is a rural community and is part of the County of Brant, in central southwestern Ontario. It has 1,615 residents (2016 Census). It is located eight kilometres west of the City of Brantford along Highway 53, and seventy kilometres east of London, Ontario. It is approximately 100 km southwest of Toronto. Administrative offices for the County of Brant are located in Burford, making it one of three service hubs for the county (the others being Paris and St. George). Amongst designated heritage properties in the area is the former Burford Armoury, built in 1906, which was important for military training in earlier days when Canada had an active militia force in each county (the role now served by the Canadian Forces Reserves). Burford is home to the Burford Bulldogs, a junior hockey team that plays in the Provincial Junior Hockey League. Burford has a local golf course, Burford Golf Links, which was founded in 1980. It has gone through a number of different owners and is now part of the GolfNorth group of golf courses. Burford also hosts the Burford Fall Fair every year. The fair was established in 1858 and after being hosted in Harley as the World's Fair, was relocated to Burford, when the Burford fair grounds were purchased in 1893. Over the years the Burford fair has grown from a one-day fair in 1893 to its current three days, hosted every Thanksgiving weekend. The fair attracts tourists and visitors from the surrounding towns as well as larger county of Brant and beyond.

Canada Post Office in Burford's downtown

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_Square

Palmer Square

History

Palmer Square / History

English: Baker's Alley in Princeton, New Jersey looking south toward Nassau Street c. 1925, a historic African-American neighborhood that was demolished to make way for Palmer Square.

Palmer Square is a public square and planned development in the heart of Princeton, New Jersey across from Nassau Street and Princeton University that today forms a collection of shops, restaurants, offices and residential spaces.

Originally built from 1936 to 1939 by Edgar Palmer, heir to the New Jersey Zinc fortune, the Square was created by architect Thomas Stapleton in the Colonial Revival style as the town's complement to Princeton University, which sits directly across Nassau Street from the Square. In order to build the original Square, Baker Street was removed in 1929 and its houses, the center of the original African-American neighborhood of Princeton, were moved to Birch Avenue. Construction of the Square was delayed until 1936 by the depression, and plans to extend the Square past Hulfish Street were put on hold after the initial phase of construction was completed, and were not realized until the 1980s, along with an expansion of the Nassau Inn. The Nassau Inn, which was formerly located directly on Nassau Street, was the centerpiece of the development. A small park sits in front of the Inn, which includes the Borough's Christmas tree. Between the park and Nassau Street, a smaller square holds a bronze statue of a tiger. Thomas Stapleton assembled a variety of styles including a bit of old Newport, Philadelphia, Annapolis and Williamstown. The plan of the Square however is a mini-version Rockefeller Center. The early plans for Rockefeller Center contemplated an Opera House at the end while Palmer had the Playhouse Movie Theater. Edgar Palmer's vision was to provide jobs during the depression and create a fully integrated mixed-use downtown that would act as a commercial complement to Princeton University. The plans included the playhouse, the Princeton Post Office, and even the Borough Hall, though this structure was never built. Over 75 years the different components of Palmer Square have come together, with a new addition or component being added approximately every decade since the 1930s.

Baker's Alley looking south toward Nassau Street c. 1925, an historic African-American neighborhood displaced by Palmer Square

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)

Siege of Jerusalem (1099)

The new ruler

Siege of Jerusalem (1099) / The new ruler

The Siege of Jerusalem took place from June 7 to July 15, 1099, during the First Crusade. The climax of the First Crusade, the successful siege saw the Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Fatimid Caliphate and laid the foundations for the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The siege is notable for the mass slaughter of Muslims and Jews perpetrated by the Christian crusaders, which contemporaneous sources suggest was savage and widespread.

On 17 July, a council was held to discuss, Who shall be crowned the king of Jerusalem? On 22 July, Godfrey of Bouillon (who played the most fundamental role in the city's conquest) was made Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri ("advocate" or "defender of the Holy Sepulchre") on July 22, refusing to be named king in the city where Christ had died, saying that he refused to wear a crown of gold in the city where Christ wore a crown of thorns. Raymond had refused any title at all, and Godfrey convinced him to give up the Tower of David as well. Raymond then went on a pilgrimage, and in his absence Arnulf of Chocques, whom Raymond had opposed due to his own support for Peter Bartholomew, was elected the first Latin Patriarch on August 1 (the claims of the Greek Patriarch were ignored). On August 5, Arnulf, after consulting the surviving inhabitants of the city, discovered the relic of the True Cross. On August 12, Godfrey led an army, with the True Cross carried in the vanguard, against the Fatimid army at the Battle of Ascalon. The Crusaders were successful, but following the victory, the majority of them considered their crusading vows to have been fulfilled, and all but a few hundred knights returned home. Nevertheless, their victory paved the way for the establishment of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The siege quickly became legendary and in the 12th century it was the subject of the Chanson de Jérusalem, a major chanson de geste in the Crusade cycle.

The Discovery of the True Cross (Gustave Doré)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adina_Mosque

Adina Mosque

Accounts of Pandua

Adina Mosque / History / Accounts of Pandua

English: Though it is highly unlikely to have a tomb constructed to the immediate west of a qibla wall, this may have been a makeshift tomb after the patron of this mosque Sikandar Shah was killed, This chamber with its raised platform (known as Badshah ka Takht) and several pillars does not seem to be originally meant to serve as mausoleum of the patron himself.

The Adina Mosque is a historical largest mosque in India located in Malda District, West Bengal, India. The mosque was the largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent. It was built during the Bengal Sultanate as a royal mosque by Sikandar Shah, who is also buried in the mosque. Shah was a member of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty and carried lofty titles such as "the exalted Sultan" and "Caliph of the Faithful". The mosque is situated in Pandua, a former royal capital. The vast architecture is associated with the hypostyle of the Umayyad Mosque, which was used during the introduction of Islam in new areas. The early Bengal Sultanate harbored imperial ambitions after having defeated the Delhi Sultanate twice in 1353 and 1359. The Adina Mosque was commissioned in 1364. Its construction absorbed materials from pre-Islamic Hindu and Buddhist structures. The Bengal Sultanate disintegrated during the sixteenth century with the rise of the Mughal Empire. Adina Mosque is included in the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal by the Archaeological Survey of India.

The mosque was built during the reign of Sikandar Shah, the second Sultan of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate. The mosque was designed to display the kingdom's imperial ambitions after its two victories against the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century. According to Encyclopedia Iranica, the mosque's construction material included stone from Bengali temples. A few parts of the mosque's exterior wall have carvings like elephants and dancing figures. Historians have considered whether the builders used stone from pre-Islamic structures or whether the mosque was built on the site of a pre-existing ruin. Inscriptions on the mosque proclaimed Sikandar Shah as "the exalted Sultan" and the "Caliph of the faithful". The Sultan was buried in a tomb chamber attached to the wall facing the direction of Mecca. The mosque was located in the historic city of Pandua, a former capital of the Bengal Sultanate. Pandua was a thriving and cosmopolitan trading center during the period of the sultanate. According to the accounts of Chinese envoy Ma Huan, Pandua developed from a small hamlet into a capital city with a military garrison and then a commercial, manufacturing and trade center. Its population included royalty, indigenous people, and foreigners from across Eurasia who settled or were part of a floating population. It was a walled city with well-arranged streets and bazaars. The marketplaces sold many kind of goods, including six varieties of muslin and four types of wine. The markets included eateries, drinking houses and bathing areas. The Sultan's residence was a white mansion. Alcohol was not served in the royal court. Another remnant of the former royal capital that still stands is the Eklakhi Mausoleum. The main structure of the royal palace, with its high steps, nine walls and three gates, no longer exists. Remnants of the palace, including floral carvings, can be seen in Pandua's raised mounds. The mixture of seemingly Buddhist, Hindu, and Islamic decorative characteristics of Adina Mosque has been questioned by many people. Wondering if this building is considered Islamic architecture or not, but with careful study it has become clear that this building was put together using Islamic traditions used in many other islamic architecture.

Tomb of Sultan Sikandar Shah

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_of_money

Velocity of money

Velocity of money

English: M3 velocity calculated as the nominal GDP divided by the non-seasonally adjusted M3 money supply. M3 is discontinued from publication by Fed. Data runs through the end of 2005.

The velocity of money is a measure of the number of times that the average unit of currency is used to purchase goods and services within a given time period. The concept relates the size of economic activity to a given money supply and the speed of money exchange is one of the variables that determine inflation. The measure of the velocity of money is usually the ratio of gross national product to a country's money supply. If the velocity of money is increasing, then transactions are occurring between individuals more frequently. The velocity of money changes over time and is influenced by a variety of factors.

The velocity of money (or the velocity of circulation of money) is a measure of the number of times that the average unit of currency is used to purchase goods and services within a given time period. The concept relates the size of economic activity to a given money supply and the speed of money exchange is one of the variables that determine inflation. The measure of the velocity of money is usually the ratio of gross national product (GNP) to a country's money supply. If the velocity of money is increasing, then transactions are occurring between individuals more frequently. The velocity of money changes over time and is influenced by a variety of factors.

Similar chart showing the logged velocity (green) of a broader measure of money M3 that covers M2 plus large institutional deposits. The US no longer publishes official M3 measures, so the chart only runs through 2005.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richhill_Township,_Greene_County,_Pennsylvania

Richhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania

Richhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania

I'm not very familiar with the park, but it's my understanding that the puddles in the distance were the middle of Duke Lake before faults discovered in the dam during the Hurricane Ivan floods caused them to drain down the lake.

Ryerson Station State Park is in Richhill Township.

Richhill Township is a township in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 896 at the 2010 census, down from 1,062 at the 2000 census. Ryerson Station State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on Duke Lake in the township.

Richhill Township is a township in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 896 at the 2010 census, down from 1,062 at the 2000 census. Ryerson Station State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on Duke Lake in the township.

Ryerson Station State Park is in Richhill Township.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%27s_Penalty

Love's Penalty

Love's Penalty

English: Advertisement for the American drama film Love's Penalty (1921) with Hope Hampton, on page 29 of the June 11, 1921 Exhibitors Herald.

Love's Penalty is a 1921 American drama film written and directed by John Gilbert. The film stars Hope Hampton, Irma Harrison, Mrs. Phillip Landau, Percy Marmont, John B. O'Brien, and Virginia Valli. The film was released in June 1921, by Associated First National Pictures.

Love's Penalty is a 1921 American drama film written and directed by John Gilbert. The film stars Hope Hampton, Irma Harrison, Mrs. Phillip Landau, Percy Marmont, John B. O'Brien, and Virginia Valli. The film was released in June 1921, by Associated First National Pictures.

Advertisement

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Wilmington

University of North Carolina Wilmington

History

University of North Carolina Wilmington / History

English: Iconic arches on the campus of University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) in Wilmington, North Carolina

The University of North Carolina Wilmington is a public research university in Wilmington, North Carolina. It is part of the University of North Carolina System and enrolls 16,747 undergraduate and graduate students each year.

UNCW opened its doors on September 4, 1947 as Wilmington College. At the time the school operated as a junior college, offering freshman-level courses to 238 students during the first school year, 75% of whom were veterans returning from military service following World War II. Under the control of the New Hanover County Board of Education, Wilmington College earned accreditation from the North Carolina College Conference in 1948 and became a member of the American Association of Junior Colleges. Further accreditation came in 1952 from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1958, Wilmington College was placed under the Community College Act of North Carolina, passing control from the New Hanover County Board of Education to a board of trustees as a state-supported college under the supervision of the North Carolina Board of Higher Education. Wilmington College became a four-year liberal arts college on July 1, 1963, when the North Carolina General Assembly passed legislation allowing the school to award bachelor's degrees. Six years later, July 1, 1969, the school was elevated to university status under its present name, becoming the fifth campus of the University of North Carolina system. On August 22, 1977, UNCW was authorized to offer its first graduate programs at the master's level. The school offers 55 bachelor's degrees, 35 master's degrees and four doctoral degrees: Ed.D. Educational Leadership; Ph.D. Marine Biology and Psychology and a Doctorate in Nursing Practice.

Arches next to Leutze Hall on the campus of UNCW

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icebreaker

Icebreaker

Ice resistance and hull form

Icebreaker / Characteristics / Ice resistance and hull form

English: The Swedish icebreaker Oden carves a path through the ice off the shores of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica.

An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships. Although the term usually refers to ice-breaking ships, it may also refer to smaller vessels, such as the icebreaking boats that were once used on the canals of the United Kingdom. For a ship to be considered an icebreaker, it requires three traits most normal ships lack: a strengthened hull, an ice-clearing shape, and the power to push through sea ice. Icebreakers clear paths by pushing straight into frozen-over water or pack ice. The bending strength of sea ice is low enough that the ice breaks usually without noticeable change in the vessel's trim. In cases of very thick ice, an icebreaker can drive its bow onto the ice to break it under the weight of the ship. A buildup of broken ice in front of a ship can slow it down much more than the breaking of the ice itself, so icebreakers have a specially designed hull to direct the broken ice around or under the vessel.

Icebreakers are often described as ships that drive their sloping bows onto the ice and break it under the weight of the ship. In reality, this only happens in very thick ice where the icebreaker will proceed at walking pace or may even have to repeatedly back down several ship lengths and ram the ice pack at full power. More commonly the ice, which has a relatively low flexural strength, is easily broken and submerged under the hull without a noticeable change in the icebreaker's trim while the vessel moves forward at a relatively high and constant speed. When an icebreaker is designed, one of the main goals is to minimize the forces resulting from crushing and breaking the ice, and submerging the broken floes under the vessel. The average value of the longitudinal components of these instantaneous forces is called the ship's ice resistance. Naval architects who design icebreakers use the so-called h-v-curve to determine the icebreaking capability of the vessel. It shows the speed (v) that the ship is able to achieve as a function of ice thickness (h). This is done by calculating the velocity at which the thrust from the propellers equals the combined hydrodynamic and ice resistance of the vessel. An alternative means to determine the icebreaking capability of a vessel in different ice conditions such as pressure ridges is to perform model tests in an ice tank. Regardless of the method, the actual performance of new icebreakers is verified in full scale ice trials once the ship has been built. In order to minimize the icebreaking forces, the hull lines of an icebreaker are usually designed so that the flare at the waterline is as small as possible. As a result, icebreaking ships are characterized by a sloping or rounded stem as well as sloping sides and a short parallel midship to improve maneuverability in ice. However, the spoon-shaped bow and round hull have poor hydrodynamic efficiency and seakeeping characteristics, and make the icebreaker susceptible to slamming, or the impacting of the bottom structure of the ship onto the sea surface. For this reason, the hull of an icebreaker is often a compromise between minimum ice resistance, maneuverability in ice, low hydrodynamic resistance, and adequate open water characteristics. Some icebreakers have a hull that is wider in the bow than in the stern. These so-called "reamers" increase the width of the ice channel and thus reduce frictional resistance in the aftship as well as improve the ship's maneuverability in ice. In addition to low friction paint, some icebreakers utilize an explosion-welded abrasion-resistant stainless steel ice belt that further reduces friction and protects the ship's hull from corrosion. Auxiliary systems such as powerful water deluges and air bubbling systems are used to reduce friction by forming a lubricating layer between the hull and the ice. Pumping water between tanks on both sides of the vessel results in continuous rolling that reduces friction and makes progress through the ice easier. Experimental bow designs such as the flat Thyssen-Waas bow and a cylindrical bow have been tried over the years to further reduce the ice resistance and create an ice-free channel.

The Swedish icebreaker Oden is built with a flat landing craft bow and a powerful water deluge system designed to reduce friction between the hull and ice

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Isle_of_Man_TT

2014 Isle of Man TT

2014 Isle of Man TT

The 2014 Isle of Man TT Festival was held between Saturday 24 May and Friday 6 June 2014 on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. The main races were six solo motorcycle races and two sidecar races. The festival also included Pre-TT Classic Races held on 23, 24 & 26 May 2014 at the Billown Circuit in Castletown. Post-TT races scheduled for 7 June 2014 were cancelled by race organisers on safety grounds due to a thunderstorm and heavy overnight rain. The blue ribbon event of the 2014 races, the Senior TT, was won by Michael Dunlop marking the 75th Anniversary of the only solo TT race victory by a factory BMW Motorrad machine ridden by Georg Schorsch Meier during the 1939 500 cc Senior Isle of Man TT Race. The 2014 TT races were again dominated by Michael Dunlop, repeating his 2013 IOM TT feat of winning four races within a week, riding a 1000 cc BMW in the Superbike TT and Superstock TT classes and a 600 cc Honda in Supersport TT Race 2. The 2014 Joey Dunlop TT Championship was won for the second consecutive year by Michael Dunlop with 116 points, with Bruce Anstey having 82 points and Dean Harrison in third place scoring 54 points.

The 2014 Isle of Man TT Festival was held between Saturday 24 May and Friday 6 June 2014 on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. The main races were six solo motorcycle races and two sidecar races. The festival also included Pre-TT Classic Races held on 23, 24 & 26 May 2014 at the Billown Circuit in Castletown. Post-TT races scheduled for 7 June 2014 were cancelled by race organisers on safety grounds due to a thunderstorm and heavy overnight rain. The blue ribbon event of the 2014 races, the Senior TT, was won by Michael Dunlop marking the 75th Anniversary of the only solo TT race victory by a factory BMW Motorrad machine ridden by Georg Schorsch Meier during the 1939 500 cc Senior Isle of Man TT Race. The 2014 TT races were again dominated by Michael Dunlop, repeating his 2013 IOM TT feat of winning four races within a week, riding a 1000 cc BMW in the Superbike TT and Superstock TT classes and a 600 cc Honda in Supersport TT Race 2. The 2014 Joey Dunlop TT Championship was won for the second consecutive year by Michael Dunlop with 116 points, with Bruce Anstey having 82 points and Dean Harrison in third place scoring 54 points. Michael Dunlop also scored a Junior/Senior TT double win during the 2014 TT Races raising his tally of Isle of Man TT race wins to 11 victories and 1 Classic TT win. Gary Johnson won the Supersport TT Race 1 riding a three-cylinder 675 cc Triumph at an average race speed of 124.526 mph, the first victory by a British machine since Bruce Anstey, also on a Triumph, won the 2003 600 cc Junior TT Race. The 2014 TT Zero Race was won by John McGuinness at a race-average speed of 117.366 mph, raising his tally of Isle of Man TT race wins to 21, the first win in the TT electric motorcycle category for the Shinden San / Mugen factory team. The Sidecar TT produced another maiden winner, with Race 1 being won by Conrad Harrison/Mike Aylott on a Shelbourne Honda 600 cc outfit at a race-average speed of 113.987 mph. The Lightweight TT Race also produced another maiden winner in Dean Harrison, after race favourite and fastest in practice Ivan Lintin retired on lap 1 at Union Mills with an electrical problem. With his father Conrad Harrison winning the Sidecar Race 1 and Dean Harrison's Lightweight win this was the first occasion of father/son winners in different classes of during the same race week. The Sidecar TT Race 2 was won by Dave Molyneux/Patrick Farrance riding a 600 cc DMR Kawasaki outfit at a race-average speed of 113.147 mph, raising his TT wins to 17. Molyneux also celebrated the 25th anniversary of his first win in the 1989 Isle of Man TT Sidecar Race 'A' with passenger Colin Hardman at an average race speed of 104.56 mph. A new outright course lap record was set by Bruce Anstey, with a time of 17 minutes, 06.682 seconds at an average speed of 132.298 mph during lap 6 of the 2014 Superbike TT Race. A further race lap record was set by Michael Dunlop, recording a new class record for the Senior TT class of 17 minutes, 11.591 seconds, at an average speed of 131.668 mph. The Vernon Cooper Trophy for Fastest Newcomer was won by Peter Hickman, riding a 1000 cc BMW, during lap 6 of the Senior TT with a time of 17 minutes, 32.078 seconds at an average speed of 129.104 mph. After completing a number of practice laps, Mark Higgins broke his own car record for the Snaefell Mountain Course driving a 2015 Subaru WRX STI with a lap time of 19 minutes, 15.88 at an average speed of 117.510 miles per hour (189.114 km/h) The 2014 TT Festival held a Lap of Honour of the Snaefell Mountain Course in memory of Simon Andrews who earlier had suffered a fatal crash during the 1000 cc Superstock event of the 2014 North West 200 races in May. A fatal accident to veteran Manx Grand Prix and TT competitor Bob Price occurred at Ballaugh Bridge during the Supersport TT Race 1. Former British Supersport champion Karl Harris crashed fatally at the 26th Milestone while competing in the Superstock TT Race.

2014 Isle of Man TT Michael Dunlop 1000cc BMW (6) & Guy Martin 1000cc Suzuki (4) Lap 5 2014 Superbike TT Races – May Hill, Ramsey 31 May 2014.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homesickness

Homesickness

Homesickness

Детский оздоровительный лагерь "Альтаир"

Homesickness is the distress caused by being away from home. Its cognitive hallmark is preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. Sufferers typically report a combination of depressive and anxious symptoms, withdrawn behavior and difficulty focusing on topics unrelated to home. In its mild form, homesickness prompts the development of coping skills and motivates healthy attachment behaviors, such as renewing contact with loved ones. Indeed, nearly all people miss something about home when they are away, making homesickness a nearly universal experience. However, intense homesickness can be painful and debilitating.

Homesickness is the distress caused by being away from home. Its cognitive hallmark is preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. Sufferers typically report a combination of depressive and anxious symptoms, withdrawn behavior and difficulty focusing on topics unrelated to home. In its mild form, homesickness prompts the development of coping skills and motivates healthy attachment behaviors, such as renewing contact with loved ones. Indeed, nearly all people miss something about home when they are away, making homesickness a nearly universal experience. However, intense homesickness can be painful and debilitating.

Summer camps for children are often associated with homesickness, particularly for children who are away from their parents for the first time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80._%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%281%29.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchor_de_Aguilera

Melchor de Aguilera

Melchor de Aguilera

Español: Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas y las baterías colaterales Fuerte de San Felipe de Barajas This is a photo of a Colombian monument identified by the ID 05-042

Melchor de Aguilera was the Spanish governor of Cartagena, in what is now Colombia, between 1638 and 1641. Aguilera met and married Maria de Roche, daughter of an Irish exile, in Madrid. He was assigned to diplomatic and administrative positions in Italy and France before becoming governor of Cartagena de Indias. Their daughter Teresa married López de Mendizábal, who became governor of New Mexico. In a report written on 24 August 1639, Aguilera estimated that when a slave trader arrived in Cartagena they had to pay bribes to more than thirty officials and guards, totalling about 14,000 pesos. A governor of Cartagena could make at least 30,000 pesos yearly by accepting bribes to permit illegal import of slaves. In 1639, Aguilera initiated construction of the Castillo San Felipe de Barajas, an outstanding work of Spanish military engineering, which was undertaken by Juan Mejía del Valle. Due to bureaucratic delays the castle was only completed during the governorship of Pedro Zapata de Mendoza, who named the castle in honor of King Philip IV of Spain.

Melchor de Aguilera was the Spanish governor of Cartagena, in what is now Colombia, between 1638 and 1641. Aguilera met and married Maria de Roche, daughter of an Irish exile, in Madrid. He was assigned to diplomatic and administrative positions in Italy and France before becoming governor of Cartagena de Indias. Their daughter Teresa married López de Mendizábal, who became governor of New Mexico. In a report written on 24 August 1639, Aguilera estimated that when a slave trader arrived in Cartagena they had to pay bribes to more than thirty officials and guards, totalling about 14,000 pesos. A governor of Cartagena could make at least 30,000 pesos yearly by accepting bribes to permit illegal import of slaves. In 1639, Aguilera initiated construction of the Castillo San Felipe de Barajas, an outstanding work of Spanish military engineering, which was undertaken by Juan Mejía del Valle. Due to bureaucratic delays the castle was only completed during the governorship of Pedro Zapata de Mendoza, who named the castle in honor of King Philip IV of Spain. In 1640, Aguilera resolved to remove the intolerable infestation of pirates in the Providence Island colony on Santa Catalina island, now called Providencia Island. Taking advantage of having infantry from Castile and Portugal wintering in his port, he dispatched six hundred armed Spaniards from the fleet and the presidio, and two hundred black and mulatto militiamen under the leadership of don Antonio Maldonado y Tejada, his Sergeant Major, in six small frigates and a galleon. The troops were landed on the island, and a fierce fight ensued. The Spanish were forced to withdraw when a gale blew up and threatened their ships.

Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas in Cartagena

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Satellite_Awards

10th Satellite Awards

Television winners and nominees

10th Satellite Awards / Television winners and nominees

English: Actress Lisa Edelstein, Fox House Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week 2007. Italiano: L'attrice Lisa Edelstein alla Fox House Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, festival dedicato a dr. House.

The 10th Satellite Awards, honoring the best in film and television of 2005, were given on December 17, 2005.

Lisa Edelstein, Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film winner

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Brownlee_sex_scandal

John Edward Brownlee sex scandal

John Brownlee's story

John Edward Brownlee sex scandal / John Brownlee's story

English: John Caldwell, Vivian MacMillan's would-be fiance and alleged co-conspirator, and Sam MacMillan, her brother, at the Edmonton courthouse where Vivian was suing John Brownlee for seduction.

The John Brownlee sex scandal occurred in 1934 in Alberta, Canada, and forced the resignation of the provincial Premier, John Edward Brownlee. Brownlee was accused of seducing Vivian MacMillan, a family friend and a secretary for Brownlee's attorney-general in 1930, when she was 18 years old, and continuing the affair for three years. MacMillan claimed that the married premier had told her that she must have sex with him for his own sake and that of his invalid wife. She had, she testified, relented after physical and emotional pressure. Brownlee called her story a fabrication, and suggested that it was the result of a conspiracy by MacMillan, her would-be fiancé, and several of Brownlee's political opponents in the Alberta Liberal Party. MacMillan and her father sued Brownlee for seduction. After a sensational trial in June 1934, the six-man jury found in favour of the plaintiffs, awarding them $10,000 and $5,000, respectively. In an unusual move, trial judge William Ives disregarded the jury's finding and dismissed the case. The Supreme Court of Canada eventually overturned the decision and awarded MacMillan $10,000 in damages.

Brownlee denied absolutely MacMillan's claims. He said that there had been no sexual activity between him and MacMillan, likening their relationship instead to that of an uncle and his favourite niece. To claims that he had induced MacMillan to move to Edmonton and arranged a position for her in the Attorney General's office, he asserted "in the thirteen years I have been in public life I have never promised any person in this Province a position." He denied having convinced MacMillan to move to Edmonton and stated that he had not even known that she had done so until Christopher Pattinson, Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Edson, told him. He further claimed that his sex life with Mrs. Brownlee was what he would consider normal for a husband and wife (which was corroborated by his wife). He acknowledged that he had been driving MacMillan around the evening of July 5, 1933, when he was followed by Caldwell and MacLean, but gave a dramatically different account of his reasons for doing so. According to him, there had been talk of MacMillan joining his family at their rental cottage at Sylvan Lake that weekend provided that she could get the necessary time off work, and that evening he called her to see whether or not she had been able to. During the ensuing phone conversation, MacMillan told him that she had other problems bothering her, and asked if Brownlee would take her for a drive to discuss them. He agreed to do so, and it was during this drive that he noticed that he was being followed. In support of this story, Brownlee pointed to investigational work by Harry Brace, a private detective in the employ of Attorney General John Lymburn. According to Brace, Caldwell had told at least three witnesses that he expected to soon receive a large amount of money from someone "high up in political life". He also specifically told one of Brace's agents that he had deliberately set out to frame Brownlee, that in selecting Neil MacLean as his lawyer he had deliberately chosen a Liberal (the Liberals were considered the major opposition to Brownlee's government at the time), and that if the Liberals won the next election there would be "nothing I want I won't be able to get". Disappointingly for Brownlee, Brace did not uncover evidence that MacMillan was lying about the affair itself: Caldwell, based on his comments to Brace's men, seemed very much under the impression that the affair had occurred exactly as claimed. Moreover, Brace found that Carl Snell, MacMillan's one-time suitor, claimed to have been told in 1932 that MacMillan was having a consensual affair with the premier. Brownlee's defenders called into doubt MacLean's motivation for involvement in the case: according to rumour, MacLean had been involved in a drunk driving incident several years previous in which he had driven his car into a ditch. When another motorist had pulled him out, MacLean had attempted unsuccessfully to drive away with the chains still attached to his vehicle, for which he was charged. He had reputedly asked Brownlee, then the Attorney General, to have the charges dropped. Upon Brownlee's refusal, he had allegedly vowed to "get" him. Finally, Brownlee made a point of noting that, as a medical student, Caldwell would have been well-positioned to coach MacMillan on her claims about the pills she was taking to avoid pregnancy. According to Brownlee, the events alleged were a complete fabrication, the result of scheming by an opportunistic young medical student and his impressionable girlfriend, encouraged by a vindictive lawyer and unscrupulous political opponents.

John Caldwell and Sam MacMillan, Vivian's brother, at the courthouse

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Montague_Alexander

Annie Montague Alexander

Life

Annie Montague Alexander / Life

English: Stone with inscription about Annie Alexander located on the University of Colorado Campus near the Museum Collections building.

Annie Montague Alexander was an American philanthropist and paleontological collector. She established the University of California Museum of Paleontology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, and financed their collections as well as a series of paleontological expeditions to the western United States at the turn of the 20th century. She took part in many of these expeditions, gathering a significant collection of fossils and exotic game animals in her own right.

Annie Montague Alexander was born December 29, 1867, in Honolulu during the Kingdom of Hawaii in what is now the Mission Houses Museum. She was the granddaughter of New England missionaries in Maui, part of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Her father Samuel Thomas Alexander and her uncle Henry Perrine Baldwin were founders of Alexander & Baldwin. Her mother Martha Cooke was daughter of Amos Starr Cooke, the founder of Castle & Cooke. These were two of the "Big Five" corporations that started as sugar cane plantation owners and then dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii. Her cousins included Henry Alexander Baldwin and Clarence Hyde Cooke who carried on the family businesses, Charles Montague Cooke, Jr. who studied snails (malacology), and architect Charles William Dickey. She attended Punahou School for one year, but in 1882 her family moved to Oakland, California, to get medical attention for her grandfather, and she enrolled in Oakland High School. In 1886 she attended Lasell Seminary for Young Women in Auburndale, Massachusetts. In 1888 she traveled with her family to Paris and studied painting. She returned to Oakland and trained briefly as a nurse, but enjoyed being outside instead. Her father left the business to others and took Annie on a bicycle trip through Europe in 1893, and sailed through the Pacific in 1896. In 1899 she went camping in Oregon and then went with her father to Bermuda. Alexander first became fascinated with paleontology in 1900 while attending a lecture by Professor John C. Merriam at the University of California, Berkeley. She offered to underwrite the entire cost of his upcoming expeditions. She took part in Merriam's 1901 expedition to Fossil Lake in Oregon, and his 1902 and 1903 expeditions to Mount Shasta in northern California. In 1904, Alexander left on a trip with her father and Thomas L. Gulick, son of missionary Peter Johnson Gulick and younger brother of John Thomas Gulick who was an early developer of theories of evolution. The men were looking forward to hunting big game in Africa, while Annie was collecting fossils and taking pictures. Gulick became ill and died August 15, 1904, in Kijabe, Kenya. On September 8 the Alexanders reached Victoria Falls. The next day they crossed the Zambezi river and climbed down the canyon for a better view. While she was preparing to take a picture, Samuel was hit by a boulder tossed down from workers above that crushed his foot. The foot was amputated and her father was buried at the Old Drift cemetery after dying a day later on September 10, 1904. In 1905 she financed and took part in the Saurian Expedition to the West Humboldt Range in Nevada. The expedition discovered many of the finest specimens of ichthyosaur. From April to August 1907 Alexander financed and led a trip to Alaska; the expedition to southeastern Alaska included Alexander, Joseph S. Dixon, Chase Littlejohn, Frank Stephens and Kate Stephens. From 1908 she collaborated continuously in the field with her companion Louise Kellogg. She proposed a Natural History Museum at the University of California, offering to support its research and collections. In 1908 she helped finance the newly established Museum of Vertebrate Zoology after the state fell short in its appropriations. At her request, Joseph Grinnell served as its first director until his death in 1939. In 1920 when Merriam left the University to become president of the Carnegie Institution, the paleontology department was merged with the geology department, displeasing both Merriam and Alexander. She subsequently helped establish the UCMP and created an endowment for its funding. She also helped finance much of the work of William Diller Matthew and his protégé George Gaylord Simpson. Alexander shared her life with Kellogg for forty-two years. By all accounts, it was a devoted "Boston marriage". Among other activities, the two ran a working farm together; their asparagus was sold nationwide. Alexander continued to finance expeditions and perform field work throughout her life, celebrating her 80th birthday while in the Sier

Memorial stone to Annie Alexander at the University of Colorado Campus.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_physics

Branches of physics

Quantum mechanics, atomic physics, and molecular physics

Branches of physics / Quantum mechanics, atomic physics, and molecular physics

English: First few hydrogen atom orbitals; cross section showing color-coded probability density for different n=1,2,3 and l="s","p","d"; note: m=0 The picture shows the first few hydrogen atom orbitals (energy eigenfunctions). These are cross-sections of the probability density that are color-coded (black=zero density, white=highest density). The angular momentum quantum number l is denoted in each column, using the usual spectroscopic letter code ("s" means l=0; "p": l=1; "d": l=2). The main quantum number n (=1,2,3,...) is marked to the right of each row. For all pictures the magnetic quantum number m has been set to 0, and the cross-sectional plane is the x-z plane (z is the vertical axis). The probability density in three-dimensional space is obtained by rotating the one shown here around the z-axis. Note the striking similarity of this picture to the diagrams of the normal modes of displacement of a soap film membrane oscillating on a disk bound by a wire frame. See, e.g., Vibrations and Waves, A.P. French, M.I.T. Introductory Physics Series, 1971, ISBN 0393099369, page 186, Fig. 6-13. See also Normal vibration modes of a circular membrane. Slovenščina: Valovne funkcije elektrona v vodikovem atomu imajo določeno energijo (naraščajoče od zgoraj: n=1,2,3 ...) in vrtilno količino (naraščajoče prek: s, p, d ...). Svetlejša področja odgovarjajo višji verjetnostni gostoti za merjenje lege. Vrtilna količina in energija sta kvantizirani in zavzemata le nezvezdne vrednosti, kot jih kažejo slike.

Physics deals with the combination of matter and energy. It also deals with a wide variety of systems, about which theories have been developed that are used by physicists. In general, theories are experimentally tested numerous times before they are accepted as correct as a description of Nature. For instance, the theory of classical mechanics accurately describes the motion of objects, provided they are much larger than atoms and moving at much less than the speed of light. These "central theories" are important tools for research in more specialized topics, and any physicist, regardless of his or her specialization, is expected to be literate in them.

Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics treating atomic and subatomic systems and their interaction based on the observation that all forms of energy are released in discrete units or bundles called "quanta". Remarkably, quantum theory typically permits only probable or statistical calculation of the observed features of subatomic particles, understood in terms of wave functions. The Schrödinger equation plays the role in quantum mechanics that Newton's laws and conservation of energy serve in classical mechanics—i.e., it predicts the future behavior of a dynamic system—and is a wave equation that is used to solve for wavefunctions. For example, the light, or electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by an atom has only certain frequencies (or wavelengths), as can be seen from the line spectrum associated with the chemical element represented by that atom. The quantum theory shows that those frequencies correspond to definite energies of the light quanta, or photons, and result from the fact that the electrons of the atom can have only certain allowed energy values, or levels; when an electron changes from one allowed level to another, a quantum of energy is emitted or absorbed whose frequency is directly proportional to the energy difference between the two levels. The photoelectric effect further confirmed the quantization of light. In 1924, Louis de Broglie proposed that not only do light waves sometimes exhibit particle-like properties, but particles may also exhibit wave-like properties. Two different formulations of quantum mechanics were presented following de Broglie's suggestion. The wave mechanics of Erwin Schrödinger (1926) involves the use of a mathematical entity, the wave function, which is related to the probability of finding a particle at a given point in space. The matrix mechanics of Werner Heisenberg (1925) makes no mention of wave functions or similar concepts but was shown to be mathematically equivalent to Schrödinger's theory. A particularly important discovery of the quantum theory is the uncertainty principle, enunciated by Heisenberg in 1927, which places an absolute theoretical limit on the accuracy of certain measurements; as a result, the assumption by earlier scientists that the physical state of a system could be measured exactly and used to predict future states had to be abandoned. Quantum mechanics was combined with the theory of relativity in the formulation of Paul Dirac. Other developments include quantum statistics, quantum electrodynamics, concerned with interactions between charged particles and electromagnetic fields; and its generalization, quantum field theory. String Theory A possible candidate for the theory of everything, this theory combines the theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics to make a single theory. This theory can predict about properties of both small and big objects. This theory is currently under developmental stage.

The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey

1924 United States presidential election in New Jersey

1924 United States presidential election in New Jersey

The 1924 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 4, 1924. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1924 United States presidential election. New Jersey voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. New Jersey was won in a landslide by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts and his running mate Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois. Coolidge and Dawes defeated the Democratic nominees, Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia and his running mate Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska. Also in the running was the Progressive Party nominee, Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana. Coolidge carried New Jersey overwhelmingly with 62.17% of the vote to Davis’ 27.41%, a victory margin of 34.75%. La Follette finished in a relatively strong third, with 10.03%. New Jersey in this era was a staunchly Republican state, having not given a majority of the vote to a Democratic presidential candidate since 1892.

The 1924 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 4, 1924. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1924 United States presidential election. New Jersey voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. New Jersey was won in a landslide by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts and his running mate Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois. Coolidge and Dawes defeated the Democratic nominees, Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia and his running mate Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska. Also in the running was the Progressive Party nominee, Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana. Coolidge carried New Jersey overwhelmingly with 62.17% of the vote to Davis’ 27.41%, a victory margin of 34.75%. La Follette finished in a relatively strong third, with 10.03%. New Jersey in this era was a staunchly Republican state, having not given a majority of the vote to a Democratic presidential candidate since 1892. (In 1912, Woodrow Wilson, then the sitting Governor of New Jersey, won the state’s electoral votes, but with a plurality of only 41% in a 3-way race against a split Republican field, with former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt running as a third party candidate against incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft. Wilson lost the state to the GOP by a decisive 12-point margin in a head-to-head match-up in 1916.) As the Northeastern Republican Calvin Coolidge was winning a second consecutive Republican landslide nationally, amidst the economic boom and social good feelings of the Roaring Twenties under popular Republican leadership, New Jersey easily remained in the Republican column, with Southern Democrat John Davis having little appeal in the state. Coolidge won a commanding majority statewide even with the Republican vote being split by the strong third party candidacy of Robert La Follette, a Republican Senator who had run as the Progressive Party candidate and peeled away the votes of many progressive Republicans. On the county level map, reflecting the decisiveness of his victory, Coolidge won twenty of the state’s 21 counties. Coolidge broke 60% of the vote in all but 2 counties and 70% of the vote in 7. The Progressive La Follette, a former Republican Senator who ran to the left of both Coolidge and Davis and appealed most strongly to progressive Republicans, performed most strongly in urban parts of North Jersey. La Follette’s double-digit support in urban Hudson County allowed Davis to eke out a narrow plurality there with less than 50% of the vote, after the county had given a majority of the vote to Republican Warren G. Harding in 1920. Davis narrowly won Hudson County even as every other county in the state, and the state as a whole, voted overwhelmingly Republican. While La Follette hurt Coolidge’s vote share in urban parts of the state, Coolidge did make gains over Harding in some rural parts of the state, in both South Jersey and North Jersey. Whereas Harding had failed to crack 60% of the vote in 4 counties, Coolidge only failed to crack 60% in 2. Even in the midst of a nationwide Republican landslide, New Jersey’s presidential election returns in 1924 made the state about 10% points more Republican than the nation as a whole, reflecting the state’s strong Republican roots in that era, and would ultimately mark the end of that era. Beginning in 1928, the state would begin trending Democratic when the Democratic Party nominated Al Smith, a New York City native and Roman Catholic of Irish, Italian and German immigrant heritage who appealed greatly to urban New Jersey voters, and beginning in 1932, the state would vote Democratic in all four of Democrat Franklin Roosevelt’s elections with the rise of the New Deal Coalition in the state.

County Results Coolidge   50-60%   60-70%   70-80% Davis   40-50%

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verticillium_nonalfalfae

Verticillium nonalfalfae

Host and Symptoms

Verticillium nonalfalfae / Host and Symptoms

Joanne Rebbeck, a Research Scientist and Timothy Fox, a Biological Research Technician, both from the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station inoculated Ailanthus trees with Verticillium nonalfalfae (V. nonalfalfae) to evaluate how effective it might be in controlling Ailanthus. (Photo courtesy of USDA Forest Service, Wayne National Forest)

Verticillium nonalfalfae is a soilborne fungus in the order Hyppocreales. It causes verticillium wilt in some plant species, particularly Ailanthus altissima. It produces yellow-pigmented hyphae, while producing resting mycelium. It is most closely related to V. albo-atrum and V. alfalfae.

Verticillium nonalfalfae has a wide host range including hops, kiwifruit, spinach, solanaceous plants like eggplants and potatoes, and tree of heaven (A. altissima). Systemic infections appear on most hosts showing vascular wilts caused by xylem blockage. Additional symptoms including vascular discoloration and defoliation show almost exclusively on A. altissima. V. nonalfalae tends not to infect non-target plants. Unlike V. alfafae, it does not infect alfalfa. The symptoms of V. nonalfalfae include vascular wilting due to the blockage of vascular system and defoliation and these symptoms may occur at the same time. V. nonalfalfae is a soilborne fungus whose infecting structures can be pulled up by plants’ vascular system and plug up xylem tissues of hosts. One important host of V. nonalfalfae is hops. The symptoms of hosts infected by V. nonalfalfae on hops are categorized into two pathotypes: mild and lethal. Mild pathotypes primarily cause symptoms of curling and leaf tissue death. Hops infected by V. nonalfalfae with the mild pathotype generally can survive the infection. For the lethal pathotype of V. nonalfalfae on hops, hosts suffer from rapid weakening that ultimately leads to death. The lethal form was discovered in hops in the 1940s in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe later. Two pathotypes share similar peroxidase, which are thought to be contribute to their pathogenicity. Another important host of V. nonalfalfae is Ailanthus altissima, also known as tree of heaven. This species of Ailanthus was introduced in the northeastern United States from the 1790s. Spreading widely and quickly, it is considered to be an Invasive species. V. nonalfalfae is being studied as a biological control of A. altissima. Symptoms of verticillium wilt on tree of heaven appear quickly after inoculation, according to studies.

Joanne Rebbeck, a Research Scientist and Timothy Fox, a Biological Research Technician, both from the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station inoculated Ailanthus trees with Verticillium nonalfalfae (V. nonalfalfae) to evaluate how effective it might be in controlling Ailanthus. (Photo courtesy of USDA Forest Service, Wayne National Forest)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Flight_Museum

Olympic Flight Museum

Aircraft on display

Olympic Flight Museum / Aircraft on display

English: P-51D right side at Olympic Flight Museum

The Olympic Flight Museum is an aviation museum at the Olympia Airport in Olympia, Washington, USA. The museum has more than 10 vintage planes and helicopters on display, most of which are in airworthy condition. The museum also hosts the annual Olympic Air Show, featuring a selection of heritage and current military aircraft demonstrations.

North American P-51 Mustang

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Nacional_de_B%C3%A1squet_Awards

Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards

Finals MVP

Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards / Finals MVP

English: Basketball player, Paolo Quinteros (Argentina)

The Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards are the yearly individual awards that are given by Argentina's top-tier level men's professional club basketball league, the Liga Nacional de Básquet, or "La Liga".

Player nationality by national team: The Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB) Finals MVP is an annual award that is given to the Most Valuable Player of the Argentine Basketball League's Playoff's Finals. The award first began with the 1985 season.

Paolo Quinteros, Argentine League Finals MVP (2012–13 season).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Alabama

Climate of Alabama

Temperature

Climate of Alabama / Temperature

English: Fountain in front of the Old State Bank in Decatur, Alabama during the winter.

The state of Alabama is classified as humid subtropical under the Köppen climate classification. The state's average annual temperature is 64 °F. Temperatures tend to be warmer in the state's southern portion with its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, while its northern portions, especially in the Appalachian Mountains in the northeast, tend to be slightly cooler. Alabama generally has very hot summers and mild winters with copious precipitation throughout the year. The state receives an average of 56 inches of rainfall each year and experiences a lengthy growing season of up to 300 days in its southern portion. Hailstorms occur occasionally during the spring and summer here, but they are seldom destructive. Heavy fogs are rare, and they are confined chiefly to the coast. Thunderstorms also occur year-around. They are most common in the summer, but they are most commonly severe during the spring and late autumn. That is when destructive winds and tornadoes occur frequently, especially in the northern and central parts of the state.

Summers in Alabama are among the hottest in the United States, with high temperatures averaging over 90 °F (32 °C) throughout the summer in many parts of the state. In the extreme south, summer's heat is tempered slightly by winds from the Gulf of Mexico which often blow inland by up to 10–15 miles. In parts of northern Alabama, the elevation above sea level similarly tempers the summer heat. In summer, average afternoon high temperatures are especially high in Montgomery and Tuscaloosa (both averaging 92 °F (33 °C) in July and August). The average nighttime humidity is highest in southwest Alabama, which results in the highest average (high plus low temperature) for reporting stations in the state. While afternoon highs in Mobile are slightly cooler than those in Alabama's inland cities, the warm nights produced by proximity to the Gulf of Mexico results in the average annual temperature for Mobile being the highest in the state. Cool morning temperatures help keep the northeast highlands among the more temperate locations in the state and lowest in the northeast among the highlands. Thus at Mobile the annual mean is 67 °F (19 °C), the mean for the summer 81 °F (27 °C), and for the winter 52 °F (11 °C); and at Valley Head, in DeKalb county, the annual mean is 59 °F (15 °C), the mean for the summer 75 °F (24 °C), and for the winter 41 °F (5 °C). At Montgomery, in the central region, the average annual temperature is 66 °F (19 °C), with a winter average of 49 °F (9 °C), and a summer average of 81 °F (27 °C). The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 °F (2 °C), and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing-point. At extremely rare intervals the thermometer has fallen below 0 °F (−18 °C), as was the case in the extreme cold wave of 12–13 February 1899, when an absolute minimum of −17 °F (−27 °C) was registered at Valley Head. The highest temperature ever recorded was 112 °F (44 °C) in Centreville, on September 6, 1925 (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records). During the exceptional August 2007 heat wave, three instances of official 108 °F (42 °C) heat were recorded at Maxwell AFB in Montgomery, each tying the all-time record for the capital city. Winters are generally mild in Alabama, as they are throughout most of the southeastern United States, with average January low temperatures around 40 °F (4 °C) in Mobile, around 31 °F (−1 °C) in Huntsville, around 35 °F (2 °C) in Montgomery, and around 33 °F (1 °C) in Birmingham.

Though winters in the state are usually mild, nightly freezing occurs frequently in the North Alabama region. This is shown in this picture taken at the Old State Bank in Decatur during early January.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singhasari_temple

Singhasari temple

Singhasari temple

English: Candi Singosari, Singosari, Malang, Jawa Timur

Singhasari temple or Candi Singhasari is a 13th-century syncretic Hindu-Buddhist temple located in Singosari district, Malang Regency, East Java in Indonesia.

Singhasari temple or Candi Singhasari is a 13th-century syncretic Hindu-Buddhist temple located in Singosari district, Malang Regency, East Java in Indonesia.

Singhasari Temple

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Candi_Singosari_B.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Fire_and_Rescue_Services

Israel Fire and Rescue Services

History

Israel Fire and Rescue Services / History

English: Transport in Israel עברית: תרגיל כיבוי בתל אביב, Original Image Name:תרגיל כיבוי

The Israel Fire and Rescue Services is the national Israeli fire and rescue organization. The organisation also provides rescue services from terror attacks, car accident and dangerous substance spillages, along with Magen David Adom, the National EMS. They are also involved in public education and awareness campaigns. The service is accessed by calling 102 from any phone. As of 2010, the director of the services is Shimon Romach.

After a fire in Zikhron Ya'akov in 1897, the first firefighting company was established by the Baron Rothschild. The company had 32 members, and equipment was brought from Paris, including pumps, hoses, ladders, axes and uniforms with shiny copper helmets and leather belts. Another company was formed in Tel Aviv in 1925 following a flood in the Brenner neighbourhood, and was based in the first dedicated fire station in the country, a shed near the police station. Throughout the following years, more firefighting companies and fire stations were established throughout the Yishuv. By Israeli independence in 1948 there were fire stations in most Jewish settlements; Petah Tikva, Jerusalem, Haifa, Hadera, Rehovot, Nahariya, Bnei Brak, Ramat Gan, Givatayim, Afula, Herzliya, Kfar Saba, Holon, Netanya and Rishon LeZion. After Israeli independence, fire stations were built in several other cities, including Acre and Beersheba, at Lod Airport, the oil refineries in Haifa and at the ports of Port of Haifa and Port of Ashdod. The Firefighting Services Law was passed in 1959 and took effect in 1960. It established a fully professional firefighting force, as until then, firefighters had previously been volunteers. Israel Fire and Rescue Services operates 5 fire stations in Jerusalem. The main station is in Givat Mordechai, with branches in Romema, Wadi al-Joz, Givat Ram and Neve Ya'akov. Since the Carmel Fire of December 2010, Israel's fire and rescue services have been transformed and upgraded from a municipal based structure into a national force. All firefighters and rescue personnel are now government employees under the Ministry Of Public Security. The reform is described on the National Firefighting Authority's homepage as follows: The Fire Reform – Creating a National Fire Authority On July 25, 2012, the Knesset approved a law establishing a National Fire Authority. The law entails dismantling the local fire authorities and creating 7 districts under the control of the Fire Commission, within the Ministry of Public Security. Fire and Rescue Services National Fire Authority The law followed a government decision from January 2011, which, in light of the Mt. Carmel forest fire, called for the establishment of a National Fire Authority under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security. Main Points of the Law: The law changes the structure of the fire service from a municipality-based, divided force, into a single, unified, national force. The law also broadens the authority of the Fire Commissioner, who will now command over the force, determine the number and location of fire stations, and decide on the size of the force. As a result of the move to the Ministry of Public Security, all firefighters will now become government employees. In addition, the jurisdiction over hazardous materials will be transferred from the Environmental Protection Ministry to the Fire Commission. According to the government decision, the law must be implemented by February 1, 2013. Making Changes: In light of the new units being developed to meet the needs of the National Fire Authority, 300 new firefighters have been enlisted and an additional 30 positions in the fire commission were approved, including a deputy commissioner, head of operations and head of investigations. In addition, 22 units for special rescue missions involving heights and water have been established. Finally, an aerial firefighting unit was established under the command of the Air Force, and consists of eight aircraft, each with a capacity of 3,000 liters of water or foam. Apart from recruiting new personnel, the Fire Service has also made significant advancements in the field of technology. First, a national, state-of-the-art control center was constructed at the fire commission headquarters. In addition, the fire and rescue academy was renovated, including new dormitories, new lecture halls, a workout room, and new training equipment. Additionally, plans are in the works for designing a multi-purpose training facility which will include fire and smoke simulations. So fa

Ladder truck

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency

European Space Agency

Ariane 5

European Space Agency / Launch vehicle fleet / Ariane 5

Ariane10

The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,200 in 2018 and an annual budget of about €6.68 billion in 2020. ESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight; the launch and operation of uncrewed exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana. The main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 is operated through Arianespace with ESA sharing in the costs of launching and further developing this launch vehicle. The agency is also working with NASA to manufacture the Orion Spacecraft service module, that will fly on the Space Launch System. The agency's facilities are distributed among the following centres: ESA science missions are based at ESTEC in Noordwijk, Netherlands; Earth Observation missions at ESA Centre for Earth Observation in Frascati, Italy; ESA Mission Control is in Darmstadt, Germany;

The Ariane 5 rocket is ESA's primary launcher. It has been in service since 1997 and replaced Ariane 4. Two different variants are currently in use. The heaviest and most used version, the Ariane 5 ECA, delivers two communications satellites of up to 10 tonnes into GTO. It failed during its first test flight in 2002, but has since made 82 consecutive successful flights until a partial failure in January 2018. The other version, Ariane 5 ES, was used to launch the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) to the International Space Station (ISS) and will be used to launch four Galileo navigational satellites at a time. In November 2012, ESA agreed to build an upgraded variant called Ariane 5 ME (Mid-life Evolution) which would increase payload capacity to 11.5 tonnes to GTO and feature a restartable second stage to allow more complex missions. Ariane 5 ME was scheduled to fly in 2018, but the whole project was scrapped in favor of Ariane 6, planned to replace Ariane 5 in the 2020s. ESA's Ariane 1, 2, 3 and 4 launchers (the last of which was ESA's long-time workhorse) have been retired.

Ariane 5 ECA transported to the ELA-3 launch pad

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monique_Heart

Monique Heart

Monique Heart

Rupaul's DragCon 2019

Monique Heart is the stage name of Kevin Richardson, an American drag queen best known for competing on the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race, where she placed eighth, and on the fourth season of RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars, where she was a runner-up alongside Naomi Smalls.

Monique Heart is the stage name of Kevin Richardson, an American drag queen best known for competing on the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race, where she placed eighth, and on the fourth season of RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars, where she was a runner-up alongside Naomi Smalls.

Heart in 2019

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Bevel

Ken Bevel

Ken Bevel

English: Original description: U.S. Marine Corps retired Capt. Ken Bevel speaks to an Airman at the 20th Civil Engineer Squadron Fire Department at Shaw Air Force Base, S.C., May 1, 2014. Bevel, now a feature film actor, spoke with Airmen about their military goals, importance of education and thanked them for their service.

Ken Bevel is a former American Marine Corps officer, pastor and actor who co-starred in the 2008 film Fireproof and the 2011 film Courageous. In Fireproof, Bevel portrays firefighter Michael Simmons, and portrays police officer Nathan Hayes in Courageous.

Ken Bevel is a former American Marine Corps officer, pastor and actor who co-starred in the 2008 film Fireproof and the 2011 film Courageous. In Fireproof, Bevel portrays firefighter Michael Simmons, and portrays police officer Nathan Hayes in Courageous.

Bevel in 2014

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsac

Monsac

Monsac

English: Main street in Monsac, Dordogne, France

The main street in Monsac

Monsac is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Monsac is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

The main street in Monsac

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine

Maharashtrian cuisine

Meat and poultry

Maharashtrian cuisine / Special dishes / Meat and poultry

English: Tambda , Pandhra Rassa Thali

Maharashtrian or Marathi cuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines. Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others. Maharashtrian cuisine includes mild and spicy dishes. Wheat, rice, jowar, bajri, vegetables, lentils and fruit are dietary staples. Peanuts and cashews are often served with vegetables. Meat was traditionally used sparsely or only by the well off until recently, because of economic conditions and culture. The urban population in metropolitan cities such as Mumbai, Pune and others has been influenced by cuisine from other parts of India and abroad. For example, the Udupi dishes idli and dosa, as well as Chinese and Western dishes, are quite popular in home cooking, and in restaurants. Distinctly Maharashtrian dishes include ukdiche modak, aluchi patal bhaji and Thalipeeth.

Meat dishes are prepared in a variety of ways: Taambda rassa is a hot spicy curry with red gravy from Kolhapur. Pandhara rassa is also a goat curry from Kolhapur with white coconut-milk-based gravy. Popati (पोपटी) – A chicken dish with eggs and val papdi from the Raigad district of the coastal region. Malvani chicken Kombdi vade – A recipe from Konkan region. Deep-fried flatbread made from spicy rice and urid flour served with chicken curry, more specifically with Malvani chicken curry.

A Thali from Kolhapur, Maharashtra with red (tambda rassa) and white (pandhara rass) gravies to be served with meat

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbiye_Muhsin_Ertu%C4%9Frul_Stage

Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage

Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage

English: Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage in Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey

Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage is a theatre venue located in Harbiye neighborhood of Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is owned by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and operated by its City Theatres division. The theatre is named in honor of the Turkish stage actor and director Muhsin Ertuğrul. The Muhsin Ertuğrul theatre was initially opened in 1964. The old building at the same location was partly demolished to make place for a bigger and modern one. Groundbreaking took place on February 14, 2008. The construction cost ₺17 million, and the theatre was reopened on January 14, 2010. It is adjacent to Istanbul Congress Center, a multi-level complex, which was built to host the 2009 IMF and World Bank Group Annual Meeting. The old theatre had lowered its stage curtain after a performance of Keşanlı Ali Destanı, a musical play by the renowned Turkish playwright Haldun Taner. It was also the same musical play that was staged on the reopening of the new theatre venue.

Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage (Turkish: Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Sahnesi) is a theatre venue located in Harbiye neighborhood of Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is owned by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and operated by its City Theatres (Şehir Tiyatroları) division. The theatre is named in honor of the Turkish stage actor and director Muhsin Ertuğrul (1892-1979). The Muhsin Ertuğrul theatre was initially opened in 1964. The old building at the same location was partly demolished to make place for a bigger and modern one. Groundbreaking took place on February 14, 2008. The construction cost ₺17 million, and the theatre was reopened on January 14, 2010. It is adjacent to Istanbul Congress Center, a multi-level complex, which was built to host the 2009 IMF and World Bank Group Annual Meeting. The old theatre had lowered its stage curtain after a performance of Keşanlı Ali Destanı (Keşanlı Ali’s Epic), a musical play by the renowned Turkish playwright Haldun Taner (1915-1986). It was also the same musical play that was staged on the reopening of the new theatre venue.

Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage in Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_J._Gaffney

James J. Gaffney

James J. Gaffney

English: Marmaduke Building, Louisville KY

James J. Gaffney, most often known as J. J. Gaffney, was an American architect in Louisville, Kentucky. A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Works include: Adath Jeshurun Temple and School, 749-757 S. Brook St., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Bosler Fireproof Garage, 423 S. 3rd St., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Gaffney House, River Road between Longview Lane and Boxhill Lane, Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Highlands Historic District, Louisville, Kentucky. Gaffney is credited with several homes in the district, including those located at 703 Rubel Avenue, 1411 Highland Avenue, 2017-19 Murray Avenue, and probable attribution to the homes at 1222 and 1224 East Broadway. Marmaduke Building, 520 S. Fourth Ave., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Repton, 314 Ridgedale Rd., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed St. James Roman Catholic Church, Rectory, and School, 1430 Bardstown Rd., 1826 and 1818 Edenside Ave., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Taggart House, 5000 Bardstown Rd., Buechel, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Thierman Apartments, 416-420 W. Breckinridge St., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed

James J. Gaffney (June 18, 1863 – November 30, 1946), most often known as J. J. Gaffney, was an American architect in Louisville, Kentucky. A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Works include: Adath Jeshurun Temple and School, 749-757 S. Brook St., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Bosler Fireproof Garage (later called the Morrissey Garage), 423 S. 3rd St., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Gaffney House (1910-1927), River Road between Longview Lane and Boxhill Lane, Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Highlands Historic District, Louisville, Kentucky. Gaffney is credited with several homes in the district, including those located at 703 Rubel Avenue (built 1899), 1411 Highland Avenue (built 1898), 2017-19 Murray Avenue (built 1907), and probable attribution to the homes at 1222 and 1224 East Broadway (built 1901). Marmaduke Building, 520 S. Fourth Ave., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Repton, 314 Ridgedale Rd., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed St. James Roman Catholic Church, Rectory, and School, 1430 Bardstown Rd., 1826 and 1818 Edenside Ave., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Taggart House, 5000 Bardstown Rd., Buechel, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Thierman Apartments, 416-420 W. Breckinridge St., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed Waverly Hills Tuberculosis Sanitarium, later known as Waverly Hills Geriatrics Center, 8101 Dixie Hwy., Louisville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed

Marmaduke Building

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/MarmadukeBuildingLouisville.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-inch_gun_M1897

5-inch gun M1897

5-inch gun M1897

English: Identifier: newinternational15gilm (find matches) Title: The new international encyclopaedia Year: 1905 (1900s) Authors: Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908 Peck, Harry Thurston, 1856-1914 Colby, Frank Moore, 1865-1925 Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries Publisher: New York : Dodd, Mead Contributing Library: University of California Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: Academy,1SS7. used in the United States Jlilitary andNaval academies) ; Annual lieports of the Vliirfsof Ordniince, Vniled t^tatcs Arniij and yary(Wasliington) : Treatise on Military Carriai/cs,English War OIHce (London. 1S0.5) ; Treatiseon .svrrice Ordnance, English War Office (ili.,1891). Also numerous otlicial pamphlets andbooks of instruction, issued by the United Statesand foreign war de))artments. advertising mat-ter of private firms, especially Armstrong andIiotchki>s. and the numerous technical ))cri(i(l-icals, Mittheilunyen iiber (legenstHndc dcs Artil-lerie- und (lenie-Wesens (Vienna. l)inioiitlily) ;Militiir-Wochenblatt (Berlin, semi-weekly); Jic-vtie dArtillerie (Paris, monthly); lierue ilili-laire Suisse (Lausanne, monthly) ; Revue deVArmee lielge (Brussels, bimonthly) ; Journal ofthe United States Artillery (Fort Monroe), etc.See Abtilleky: Gun.s, Xav.\l: Guxpowder: Ex-PLOSIVE.S; >L\CHIXE Gix; Projectiles; RapidFiBE Guns; Siege Gu^; Coast Artillery;etc. I ORDNANCE Text Appearing After Image: 1. Four-ifich Rapid-fire Gun 50 calibres long on U. S. Navy 3. U. S. Army Ordnance Department 3-inch Rapid-fire field Pedestal Mount, 1901. gun, long recoil carriage, designed by Capt. C. B. 2. Balanced Pillar Mount for 5-inch Rapid-fire gun, model Wheeler. Gun shown partially recoiled on carriage, In use U. S. Army, 1902. due to discharqe. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT TJ. S. ARMY. 75 ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT OF THEU. S. ARMY. One of the divisions ot theViiited StaUs Army, to which is assigned theduty of procuring by purchase or manufacturetlie ordnance and ordnance supplies required bythe army and distributing the same. Accordinglythe establishment and maintenance of arsenals,armories, and depots for the manufacture andstorage of ordnance are assigned to this depart-ment. The regulations define ordnance and ord-nance stores as including cannon and artillerycarriages and equipments; apparatus and ma-chines for the service and manoeuvre of artillery:small arms, ammunition, and accoutrements;hor^e eq Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

The 5-inch gun M1897 and its variant the M1900 were coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1897 and 1920. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. They were installed on balanced pillar or pedestal mountings; generally the M1897 was on the balanced pillar mounting and the M1900 was on the pedestal mounting. All of these weapons were scrapped within a few years after World War I.

The 5-inch gun M1897 (127 mm) and its variant the M1900 were coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1897 and 1920. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. They were installed on balanced pillar (a form of disappearing carriage) or pedestal (aka barbette) mountings; generally the M1897 was on the balanced pillar mounting and the M1900 was on the pedestal mounting. All of these weapons were scrapped within a few years after World War I.

5-inch gun M1897 on balanced pillar mount M1896 (middle).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Englehart

John Englehart

John Englehart

English: Yosemite Valley - 1908 Oil painting by Joseph John Englehart signed C.N. Doughty (Cole)

John Englehart or Joseph John Englehart, was an American landscape painter who worked under a number of pseudonyms. Englehart was born on June 14, 1867 in Chicago, Illinois, and died on April 14, 1915 in Oakland, California.

John Englehart or Joseph John Englehart (1867–1915), was an American landscape painter who worked under a number of pseudonyms. Englehart was born on June 14, 1867 in Chicago, Illinois, and died on April 14, 1915 in Oakland, California.

"Yosemite Valley" — by John Englehart, signed as C.N. Doughty, 1908.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fung_Lok_Wai

Fung Lok Wai

Fung Lok Wai

中文（香港）‎: 髻山

Fung Lok Wai is an area of Yuen Long District that features fish ponds.

Fung Lok Wai (Chinese: 豐樂圍) is an area of Yuen Long District that features fish ponds.

Kai Shan of Wang Chau viewed from Fung Lok Wai.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Van_De_Heuvel

Sophie Van De Heuvel

Sophie Van De Heuvel

English: Sophie van de Heuvel with Geelong in the round 4 2020 AFLW match against Richmond at Queen Elizabeth Oval in Bendigo.

Sophie Van De Heuvel is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the AFL Women's. A cricketer as well as a footballer, she competed in both sports at the national level in her junior career. Van De Heuvel was the second selection in the 2018 AFL Women's draft and debuted in the opening round of the 2019 AFL Women's season.

Sophie Van De Heuvel (born 10 December 2000) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW). A cricketer as well as a footballer, she competed in both sports at the national level in her junior career. Van De Heuvel was the second selection in the 2018 AFL Women's draft and debuted in the opening round of the 2019 AFL Women's season.

Van De Heuvel with Geelong in February 2020

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Subdray

Le Subdray

Le Subdray

Français : Eglise Notre Dame, XIIe, XVe et XIXe, Le Subdray

The church of Our Lady, in Le Subdray

Le Subdray is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Le Subdray is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

The church of Our Lady, in Le Subdray

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Subdray_eglise.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisian_freedom

Frisian freedom

The County of West Frisia (880–1101)

Frisian freedom / Sparks of Liberty (800–1101) / The County of West Frisia (880–1101)

English: Assassination of bishop Conrad. Streetlight corbel, Lichte Gaard 9, Utrecht, NL. Nederlands: Moord op bisschop Koenraad, Lantaarnconsole thv Lichte Gaard 9, Utrecht, NL.

Friese Freedom or Freedom of the Frisians was the absence of feudalism and serfdom in Frisia, the area that was originally inhabited by the Frisians. Historical Frisia included the modern provinces of Friesland and Groningen, and the area of West Friesland, in the Netherlands, and East Friesland in Germany. During the period of Frisian freedom the area did not have a sovereign lord who owned and administered the land. The freedom of the Frisians developed in the context of ongoing disputes over the rights of local nobility. When, around 800, the Scandinavian Vikings first attacked Frisia, which was still under Carolingian rule, the Frisians were released from military service on foreign territory in order to be able to defend themselves against the Vikings. With their victory in the Battle of Norditi in 884 they were able to drive the Vikings permanently out of East Frisia, although it remained under constant threat. Over the centuries, whilst feudal lords reigned in the rest of Europe, no aristocratic structures emerged in Frisia.

In 880, Godfrid (a Viking leader of the Great Heathen Army) began to ravage Lotharingia. After the Siege of Asselt forced him to come to terms in 882, Godfrid was granted the Kennemerland, which had formerly been ruled by Rorik of Dorestad, as a vassal of Charles the Fat. Godfrid swore oaths to Charles promising never to again lay waste his kingdom and accepted Christianity and baptism. In return, Charles appointed him Duke of Frisia and gave him Gisela, daughter of Lothair II, as his wife. However, Godfrid did nothing against a Danish raid which pillaged large parts of the Low Countries in 884. One of Godfrid's followers, the local Count Gerolf of Holland, defected and plotted Godfrid's downfall with Henry of Franconia. In 885, he was summoned to Lobith for a meeting after being accused of complicity with Hugh, Duke of Alsace, in a plot to seize Lotharingia. He was killed by a group of Frisian and Saxon nobles at the connivance of Henry, who had been at odds with Hugh and was against the initial appointment of Godfrid as Duke. Four years after the murder of Godfrid, in 889, Gerolf of Holland received in fief the area Godfrid had in fief before, i.e. West Frisia (present provinces Noord Holland, Zuid Holland and most of the central River area, in the Netherlands). In 922, Gerolf's son Dirk I, Count of Holland incorporated Friesland into the County of Holland. In 989 Gosse Ludigman was elected the sixth potestaat. In 993 Arnulf, Count of Holland invaded deep into West Frisia in an attempt to compel obedience from his rebellious subjects and "proclaimed himself count of Oostergo and Westergo without ever having any authority". On 18 September a Frisian army led by Gosse defeated and killed Arnulf in a battle near Winkel in West-Friesland, in what came to be known as one of the first historical signs of the Frisian Freedom. Arnulf's wife Lutgardis of Luxemburg took over as regent of Holland until their son came of age. In June 1005, she made peace with the West-Frisians through mediation by Emperor Henry II, after which the County was passed to Dirk III. But even after Dirk assumed the government of the county, she still used her family connections to acquire imperial assistance, in one instance an imperial army helped Dirk suppress a Frisian revolt. Prior to 1018, Dirk III was a vassal of Henry II, but the bishops of Trier, Utrecht and Cologne all contested the ownership of Dirk's fiefdom, which was in a strategically important location. Utrecht, situated in the Rhine delta, was the largest trading town of the German kings in the area and traders had to sail through the territories of Dirk III, by way of the Rhine and Vecht rivers, in order to reach the North Sea. Another trade route that ran through Dirk's territory was from the city of Tiel to England. It was along this second route that Dirk III had built a stronghold at Vlaardingen, in a newly habitable area where many Frisians had recently settled by his invitation. He was not permitted to levy tolls or hinder trade in any way, but eventually he defied imperial rule. Working together with the Frisians now living in the area, he stopped passing ships, demanding payment of tolls. Merchants from the town of Tiel sent alarmed messages to the king and Bishop Adelbold of Utrecht about acts of violence against them by Dirk's men. The count had illegally occupied lands that were claimed by the bishop of Utrecht, and had even built a castle there. The bishoprics of Liege, Trier, and Cologne as well as several abbeys also had possessions in the region. At Easter 1018, Emperor Henry II summoned a Diet in Nijmegen. He listened to the complaints of the merchants from Tiel and Bishop Adalbold II of Utrecht. Dirk was present but refused to amend his ways. Henry assigned Adelbold and Duke Godfrey to organise a punitive expedition against the rebellious Count Dirk, who then left the meeting, announcing to foil the imperial plans. Within a few months, an army would be assembled in Tiel, the most important port in the northern Low Countries. The army would sail west, along the rivers W

The assassination of bishop Conrad of Utrecht

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Console_Lichte_Gaard_9.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_State_Park_station

Liberty State Park station

Liberty State Park station

English: The "Liberty State Park" Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Station in Jersey City, New Jersey, USA. The photographer is facing south on the northern side of the station.

Liberty State Park is a station on the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail located between Communipaw and Johnston Avenues in Jersey City, New Jersey. The station opened on April 15, 2000. There are two tracks and two side platforms. Northbound service from the station is available to Hoboken Terminal and Tonnelle Avenue in North Bergen. Southbound service is available to terminals at West Side Avenue in Jersey City or 8th Street in Bayonne. 1248 park and ride spaces are also available one block from the station at the Liberty Science Center. A HBLR yard is located west of the line, south of this station. South of here, the line is in a railroad easement, and speeds are higher than in the parts where it is a streetcar line. New Jersey Transit has been considering a spur from the station to the old Central Railroad of New Jersey Communipaw Terminal within Liberty State Park since at least 2010.

Liberty State Park is a station on the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) located between Communipaw and Johnston Avenues in Jersey City, New Jersey. The station opened on April 15, 2000. There are two tracks and two side platforms. Northbound service from the station is available to Hoboken Terminal and Tonnelle Avenue in North Bergen. Southbound service is available to terminals at West Side Avenue in Jersey City or 8th Street in Bayonne. 1248 park and ride spaces are also available one block from the station at the Liberty Science Center. A HBLR yard is located west of the line, south of this station. South of here, the line is in a railroad easement, and speeds are higher than in the parts where it is a streetcar line. New Jersey Transit has been considering a spur from the station to the old Central Railroad of New Jersey Communipaw Terminal within Liberty State Park since at least 2010.

The platforms at Liberty State Park

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Wesley_Clark

List of awards and nominations received by Wesley Clark

List of awards and nominations received by Wesley Clark

Military photo portrait of Wesley Clark, former U.S. general and presidential candidate.

The following is a list of awards and honors awarded to Wesley Clark. These include awards and decorations of the United States Army, civilian awards, international honors, and knighthoods.

The following is a list of awards and honors awarded to Wesley Clark. These include awards and decorations of the United States Army, civilian awards, international honors, and knighthoods.

Wesley Clark in full uniform, which displays his U.S. military awards and honors

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morawitz

Paul Morawitz

Paul Morawitz

English: Ausflug nach Bad Mergentheim

Paul Oskar Morawitz was a German internist and physiologist whose most important work was in studying the coagulation of blood. After completing his medical studies at Leipzig he completed his army service, then joined Dr Ludolf von Krehl in Tübingen as an assistant physician. Krehl inspired Morawitz in his studies of blood-related pathology. In 1907 he completed a dissertation on blood circulation, and he was appointed in the same year as chief clinician of the University clinic at Freiburg im Breisgau. He progressed to become the Ordinarius and Director of the Medical inpatients at Greifswald in 1913, and in 1921 he took up a position in Würzburg. Finally, in 1926, he assumed the chair of Medicine in Leipzig. He died aged 57 of a heart attack. Morawitz was a pioneer in the study of coagulation, and a 1905 landmark paper is still regarded as a springboard for further study of the physiology of blood; he perfected observations made earlier by Alexander Schmidt and described four coagulation factors: fibrinogen (I), prothrombin (II), thrombokinase (III) and calcium (IV).

Paul Oskar Morawitz (April 3, 1879 in St. Petersburg – July 1, 1936) was a German internist and physiologist whose most important work was in studying the coagulation of blood. After completing his medical studies at Leipzig (in 1901) he completed his army service, then joined Dr Ludolf von Krehl in Tübingen as an assistant physician. Krehl inspired Morawitz in his studies of blood-related pathology. In 1907 he completed a dissertation on blood circulation (for his Habilitation), and he was appointed in the same year as chief clinician of the University clinic at Freiburg im Breisgau. He progressed to become the Ordinarius and Director of the Medical inpatients at Greifswald in 1913, and in 1921 he took up a position in Würzburg. Finally, in 1926, he assumed the chair of Medicine in Leipzig. He died aged 57 of a heart attack. Morawitz was a pioneer in the study of coagulation, and a 1905 landmark paper is still regarded as a springboard for further study of the physiology of blood; he perfected observations made earlier by Alexander Schmidt and described four coagulation factors: fibrinogen (I), prothrombin (II), thrombokinase (III) and calcium (IV). He also pioneered blood transfusion, initially without the benefit of blood typing, and studied angina and the use of quinidine as an antiarrhythmic. He established a blood bank in Leipzig. He is commemorated by the annual "Paul Morawitz prize" by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (German Cardiological Association).

Paul Morawitz (vacation in 1923)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts

Royal Academy of Arts

Activities

Royal Academy of Arts / Activities

The Exhibition Room at en:Somerset House: This engraving was published as Plate 2 of Microcosm of London (1808) (see File:Microcosm of London Plate 002 - Exhibition at Somerset House.jpg). This room is now part of the en:Courtauld Gallery.

The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. It has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through exhibitions, education and debate.

An early RA Summer Exhibition at the Academy's original home in Somerset House

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco_Islands

Abaco Islands

Abaco Islands

Map of the five districts of the Abacos Islands, Bahamas.

The Abaco Islands lie in the northern Bahamas, 180 miles off the South Florida coast. They comprise the main islands of Great Abaco and Little Abaco, along with smaller barrier cays. The northernmost are Walker's Cay, and its sister island Grand Cay. To the south, the next inhabited islands are Spanish Cay and Green Turtle Cay, with its settlement of New Plymouth, Great Guana Cay, private Scotland Cay, Man-O-War Cay, and Elbow Cay, with its settlement of Hope Town. Southernmost are Tilloo Cay and Lubbers Quarters. Another of note off Abaco's western shore is onetime Gorda Cay, now a Disney Island and cruise ship stop and renamed Castaway Cay. Also in the vicinity is Moore's Island. On the Big Island of Abaco is Marsh Harbour, the Abacos' commercial hub and the Bahamas' third largest city, plus the resort area of Treasure Cay. Both have airports. A few mainland settlements of significance are Coopers Town and Fox Town in the north and Cherokee and Sandy Point in the south. Administratively, the Abaco Islands constitute seven of the 31 Local Government Districts of the Bahamas: Grand Cay, North Abaco, Green Turtle Cay, Central Abaco, South Abaco, Moore's Island, and Hope Town.

The Abaco Islands lie in the northern Bahamas, 180 miles off the South Florida coast. They comprise the main islands of Great Abaco and Little Abaco, along with smaller barrier cays. The northernmost are Walker's Cay, and its sister island Grand Cay. To the south, the next inhabited islands are Spanish Cay and Green Turtle Cay, with its settlement of New Plymouth, Great Guana Cay, private Scotland Cay, Man-O-War Cay, and Elbow Cay, with its settlement of Hope Town. Southernmost are Tilloo Cay and Lubbers Quarters. Another of note off Abaco's western shore is onetime Gorda Cay, now a Disney Island and cruise ship stop and renamed Castaway Cay. Also in the vicinity is Moore's Island. On the Big Island of Abaco is Marsh Harbour, the Abacos' commercial hub and the Bahamas' third largest city, plus the resort area of Treasure Cay. Both have airports. A few mainland settlements of significance are Coopers Town and Fox Town in the north and Cherokee and Sandy Point in the south. Administratively, the Abaco Islands constitute seven of the 31 Local Government Districts of the Bahamas: Grand Cay, North Abaco, Green Turtle Cay, Central Abaco, South Abaco, Moore's Island, and Hope Town.

The five administrative districts of the Abaco

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokker_100

Fokker 100

Development

Fokker 100 / Development

English: Replacing an earlier scanned photo with a better version.

The Fokker 100 is a medium-sized, twin-turbofan jet airliner from Fokker, the largest such aircraft built by the company before its bankruptcy in 1996. The type possessed low operational costs and initially had scant competition in the 100-seat short-range regional jet class, contributing to strong sales upon introduction in the late 1980s. An increasing number of similar airliners were brought to market by competitors during the 1990s, leading to a substantial decline in both sales and long-term prospects for the 100. Fokker also encountered financial difficulties and was acquired by Deutsche Aerospace AG, which had financial troubles of its own, restricting its ability to support multiple regional airliner programs. In 1997, the production of the Fokker 100 was terminated after 283 airframes had been delivered. In July 2019, a total of 101 Fokker 100 aircraft remained in airline service with 19 airlines around the world. Since the 2000s, airlines have been retiring the aircraft, but large numbers remain in operation in Australia, with smaller numbers in Iran and various other countries.

A Type Certificate was applied for on 25 March 1983. The program was announced in 1983. A pair of prototypes were built. On 30 November 1986 the first prototype, PH-MKH, flew for the first time, while the second, PH-MKC, followed on 25 February 1987. The variant was approved on 20 November 1987. In February 1988 the first deliveries of the Tay 620-15 powered versions started to Swissair. Major customers included American Airlines with 75 ordered, TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais with 50 and USAir with 40, their aircraft powered by the more powerful Tay 650-15. The March 1989 American Airlines order, valued at an estimated US $3.1 billion, was not only the largest single order ever placed at Fokker but also the largest-ever order from a Netherlands company. During the early 1990s, Fokker and DASA explored a commercial relationship for regional aircraft. DASA purchased 40% of Fokker in 1993. However, by 1995, both Fokker and DASA were suffering financial difficulties, leading to DASA leaving the regional aircraft market. In June 1996, DASA sold the majority of Dornier to Fairchild Aircraft, leading to the creation of Fairchild Dornier, emerging as the third largest regional aircraft manufacturer. Although the Fokker 100 was successful, Fokker accumulated losses for several years, contributing to its collapse in 1996. Fokker 100 production stopped in early 1997.

The Fokker 100 prototype, from below

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kick_(INXS_album)

Kick (INXS album)

Tour

Kick (INXS album) / Tour

Subject: Michael Hutchence of INXS Date: August, 1986 Place: San Francisco, California, USA Photographer: Andwhatsnext Original 35mm photograph scanned Credit: Copyright (c) 1986 by Nancy J Price

Kick is the sixth studio album by the Australian rock band INXS, released in 1987 by WEA in Australia, Atlantic Records in the United States and Mercury Records in Europe. As the band's most successful studio album, Kick has been certified six times platinum by the RIAA and spawned four US top 10 singles. At the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards, the band took home five Moonmen for the "Need You Tonight"/"Mediate" video. The album was produced by British producer Chris Thomas and recorded by David Nicholas in Sydney, Australia, and in Paris, France. The album was mixed by Bob Clearmountain at Air Studios in London.

Following the release of Kick, INXS embarked on a sixteen-month global tour playing arenas and stadiums in major cities across North America, Europe, Japan and Australia. The band started off their Kick tour on August 14 with a number of secret warm-up shows being played across south-eastern and north-eastern Australia, before setting off on a three leg tour of the US beginning in East Lansing, Michigan on September 16. The first American leg ran right through to November, followed by UK dates in December. With the growing popularity of Kick, and the release of its first single, "Need You Tonight", all twelve songs from the album quickly became staples of the tour's setlists, with "Don't Change" being regularly played during a show's encore. The US tour resumed in March with the band playing three sold-out shows at Radio City Music Hall in New York City from March 18 to March 20. Fleets of trucks were hired to transport the band's equipment, lighting and wardrobe across thousands of miles of road over the next three months. During the band's time spent commuting across America, Andrew began writing and playing new material with a guitar. According to INXS: The Official Inside Story of a Band on the Road, Andrew said, "Prior to the Kick tour I'd never written on the road – mainly because I didn't have time I guess. But with Kick I started writing with a guitar, and I was kind of proud that I'd taught myself to do that". INXS finished up the second leg of the American tour with a hand-full of shows being played in key cities across the California state, including San Francisco, Fresno and San Diego. In October, INXS made a brief stopover in Japan to play a small number of shows and festivals in Tokyo and Yokohama, before flying on to Australia to finish the last segment of the Calling All Nations tour. Since the culmination of the Kick tour in November 1988, INXS agreed to a one-year respite. This one-year break allowed the members time off to spend with their families and to work on side projects.

The Kick tour would turn the band's singer Michael Hutchence (pictured above) into a world-class live performer.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity

Celebrity

Families

Celebrity / Families

English: The British royal family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, June 2013

Celebrity is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of an individual or group, or occasionally a character or animal, as a result of attention given them by mass media. A person may attain a celebrity status from having great wealth, their participation in sports or the entertainment industry, their position as a political figure, or even from their connection to another celebrity. 'Celebrity' usually implies a favorable public image, as opposed to the neutrals 'famous' or 'notable', or the negatives 'infamous' and 'notorious'.

Another example of a celebrity is a family that has notable ancestors or is known for its wealth. In some cases, a well-known family is associated with a particular field. For example, the Kennedy family is associated with US politics; The House of Windsor with royalty; The Hilton and Rothschild families with business; the Jackson family with popular music; and the Osbourne, Chaplin, Kardashian, Baldwin, and Barrymore families with television and film.

Members of the House of Windsor on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, 15 June 2013.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Anderson

Susan Anderson

Biography

Susan Anderson / Biography

English: Grave of American physician Susan Anderson in Mount Pisgah Cemetery, Cripple Creek, Colorado

Susan Anderson was an American physician and one of the first women to practice medicine in Colorado.

Anderson was born in 1870 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and later moved to Kansas. Her parents divorced when she was young, and she lived with her father, younger brother, and grandmother. After she graduated from high school in 1891, her family moved to Cripple Creek, Colorado after gold had been discovered there. Although she originally wanted to work as a telegraph operator, she was encouraged by her father to attend medical school at the University of Michigan. Anderson became a licensed physician after graduating from medical school in 1897. She returned to Cripple Creek before moving around Colorado in attempt to practice in Denver, Greeley and Eaton, but found it difficult to find work. She was briefly engaged but was left at the altar by her fiancé in 1900. In 1904, she was appointed Coroner of Grand County, Colorado, during which time she investigated many of the deaths involved in the construction of the Moffat Tunnel railroad. After contracting tuberculosis in 1907, Anderson relocated to Fraser, Colorado, where residents affectionately nicknamed her "Doc Susie"; for 49 years, she was the only physician in Fraser. She tended to a range of patients and medical conditions including childbirth, skiing injuries, and particularly pneumonia during the 1918 flu pandemic. Although most of her work involved making house calls to patients, Anderson never owned a horse or car, and she was usually paid in food or firewood rather than money. During the 1950s, Anderson was the focus of several newspaper and magazine stories. Actress Ethel Barrymore offered to make a film about Anderson's life, but the latter declined. Anderson retired in 1956 and was admitted to Denver General Hospital with poor health in 1958, where she stayed until her death; she died in 1960, aged 90, and was buried in Cripple Creek. Anderson was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1997.

Her grave in Mount Pisgah Cemetery (Cripple Creek, Colorado)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Filmfare_Awards

62nd Filmfare Awards

Main Awards

62nd Filmfare Awards / Winners and nominees / Main Awards

English: Aamir Khan at Berlin Film Festival

The 62nd Filmfare Awards ceremony, presented by the Filmfare magazine, honored the best Hindi language Indian films of 2016. The ceremony was held on 14 January 2017 and was co-hosted by Shah Rukh Khan, Karan Johar and Kapil Sharma. Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and Udta Punjab led the ceremony with 9 nominations each. Neerja won 6 awards, thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

Nominees were announced on 9 January 2017.

Aamir Khan — Best Actor winner for Dangal

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stac_Pollaidh

Stac Pollaidh

Ascent

Stac Pollaidh / Ascent

English: Summit of Stac Pollaidh, seen from below. Taken by User:Grinner on 4th April 2005.

Stac Pollaidh is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. The peak displays a rocky crest of Torridonian sandstone, with many pinnacles and steep gullies. The ridge was exposed to weathering as a nunatak above the ice sheet during the last Ice Age, while the ice flow carved and scoured the smooth sides of the mountain. The modern Gaelic name is a recent invention. The peak is named on the first edition Ordnance Survey maps simply as "An Stac" and on later maps as "Stac Polly". The "Polly" element is of Norse origin, derived from "Pollå" meaning "pool river". Due to its relatively low height of just over 2000 feet, fine views and ease of access from a road it has become a very popular peak to climb. It also provides some fine scrambling in the traverse of the summit ridge, including one bad step near the final summit. Consequentially it has suffered from a great deal of erosion, leading to Scottish Natural Heritage constructing a large path.

Stac Pollaidh can be climbed in less than 3 hours by any relatively fit person. From the car park on the shore of Loch Lurgainn the path leads directly up, under the spires of the crest. About 200 m from the road the path splits; one may choose either since both meet up on the far side of the hill, from where it is only a short distance to the summit ridge. Once on the ridge the true summit lies about 300 m to the west. However to reach it one must scramble over several rocky pinnacles, and a good head for heights is required. The sandstone pinnacles are impressive and are rated in Scotland as second only to the ones on Quiraing on the Isle of Skye. They carry names such as "The Sphinx", "Tam o' Shanter", "Andy Capp" and "Madonna and Child"; a particularly fine example known as the "Lobster's Claw" partly collapsed several years ago due to natural erosion. The lower, eastern, peak can be reached without any difficulty. From any point on the crest there are excellent views of the wide expanse of the Inverpolly Forest, and of neighbouring peaks such as Suilven. The views of the Minch are breathtaking. Returning via the other path allows for a circular walk of about 3 km.

The western summit of Stac Pollaidh requires a scramble to ascend.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Iowa

Fayette County, Iowa

2000 census

Fayette County, Iowa / Demographics / 2000 census

Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,880. The county seat is West Union.

As of the census of 2000, there were 22,008 people, 8,778 households, and 5,951 families residing in the county. The population density was 30 people per square mile (12/km²). There were 9,505 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile (5/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.71% White, 0.53% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. 1.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 8,778 households, out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.80% were married couples living together, 7.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.20% were non-families. 28.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.96. In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.00% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 24.90% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 19.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 97.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $32,453, and the median income for a family was $39,960. Males had a median income of $27,493 versus $20,099 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,271. About 8.20% of families and 10.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.30% of those under age 18 and 12.00% of those age 65 or over.

2000 Census Age Pyramid for Fayette County

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/USA_Fayette_County%2C_Iowa_age_pyramid.svg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_Bug

Baja Bug

Baja Bug

A Baja Bug is an original Volkswagen Beetle modified to operate off-road, although other versions of air-cooled Volkswagens are sometimes modified as well. Baja bugs often race in off road desert races such as the Baja 1000. There are different classes for bugs, namely class 11, class 5 1600, and class 5 unlimited. According to Score International, a world renowned desert racing association, class 11 is a stock VW beetle with modifications limited to ground clearance and strength. Class 5 1600 rules state that a 1600 cc vw engine must be used and the car must have the exterior appearance of a "baja bug" with body modification limited to whatever cutting is needed to install a consumer baja kit. Class 5 unlimited is any 4 cylinder VW-style engine, and it must have Baja-style fenders and side panels, and VW-style suspension.

A Baja Bug is an original Volkswagen Beetle modified to operate off-road (open desert, sand dunes and beaches), although other versions of air-cooled Volkswagens are sometimes modified as well. Baja bugs often race in off road desert races such as the Baja 1000. There are different classes for bugs, namely class 11, class 5 1600, and class 5 unlimited. According to Score International, a world renowned desert racing association, class 11 is a stock VW beetle with modifications limited to ground clearance and strength. Class 5 1600 rules state that a 1600 cc vw engine must be used and the car must have the exterior appearance of a "baja bug" with body modification limited to whatever cutting is needed to install a consumer baja kit. Class 5 unlimited is any 4 cylinder VW-style engine, and it must have Baja-style fenders and side panels, and VW-style suspension.

A "Baja Bug"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/VW_Baja_Beetle.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Gazzera

Linda Gazzera

Linda Gazzera

English: Fake doll in a séance of the medium Linda Gazzera.

Linda Gazzera was an Italian spiritualist medium. During 1908-1910, Gazzera was investigated in a series of séances by the spiritualist Enrico Imoda who endorsed her alleged materializations as genuine. Photographs were taken, they were later published in a posthumous book entitled Fotografie di Fantasmi in 1912. French psychical researcher Guillaume de Fontenay in an afterword for the book cast doubt on the authenticity of the photographs, noting that the materializations looked dubious and two-dimensional with suspicious shadows. Skeptical author Joseph McCabe has written that Gazzera was exposed as a fraud in 1911. According to McCabe "Her materializations and tricks were simple. She brought her birds and flowers and muslin and masks in her hair and her under-clothing, and she, by a common trick, released her hands and feet from control to manipulate them."

Linda Gazzera (1890-1932) was an Italian spiritualist medium. During 1908-1910, Gazzera was investigated in a series of séances by the spiritualist Enrico Imoda who endorsed her alleged materializations as genuine. Photographs were taken, they were later published in a posthumous book entitled Fotografie di Fantasmi in 1912. French psychical researcher Guillaume de Fontenay in an afterword for the book cast doubt on the authenticity of the photographs, noting that the materializations looked dubious and two-dimensional with suspicious shadows. Skeptical author Joseph McCabe has written that Gazzera was exposed as a fraud in 1911. According to McCabe "Her materializations and tricks were simple. She brought her birds and flowers and muslin and masks (or pictures) in her hair (which was largely false, and never examined) and her under-clothing, and she, by a common trick, released her hands and feet from control to manipulate them."

Linda Gazzera with a doll as her 'materialization'.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ware_River

Ware River

Ware River

English: Covered Bridge over the Ware River in Gilbertville, Massachusetts

The Ware River is a 35.4-mile-long river in central Massachusetts. It has two forks, the longer of which begins in Hubbardston, Massachusetts. The Ware River flows southwest through the middle of the state, joins the Quaboag River at Three Rivers, Massachusetts, to form the Chicopee River on its way to the Connecticut River. The Brigham Pond Dam, forming a pond of the same name, first impounds the East Branch of the Ware River in Hubbardston. Much of Hubbardston lies within the Ware River watershed and feeds tributaries of the Ware and Millers rivers, the Millers River running generally west, and the Ware River running generally southwest. The Ware River is part of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority drinking water system serving the greater Boston area. There is also a flood control dam on the Ware River in Hubbardston and Barre. This dam was constructed by and is maintained by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Large sections of the Ware River Watershed are owned and/or maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation including 22,000 acres in the vicinity of the dam.

The Ware River is a 35.4-mile-long (57.0 km) river in central Massachusetts. It has two forks, the longer of which (the east branch) begins in Hubbardston, Massachusetts. The Ware River flows southwest through the middle of the state, joins the Quaboag River at Three Rivers, Massachusetts, to form the Chicopee River on its way to the Connecticut River. The Brigham Pond Dam, forming a pond of the same name, first impounds the East Branch of the Ware River in Hubbardston. Much of Hubbardston lies within the Ware River watershed and feeds tributaries of the Ware and Millers rivers, the Millers River running generally west, and the Ware River running generally southwest. The Ware River is part of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority drinking water system serving the greater Boston area. There is also a flood control dam on the Ware River in Hubbardston and Barre. This dam was constructed by and is maintained by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Large sections of the Ware River Watershed are owned and/or maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation including 22,000 acres in the vicinity of the dam.

The Ware-Gilbertville Covered Bridge spans two towns, Ware and Gilbertville, and two counties in MA.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weissensee_(Carinthia)

Weissensee (Carinthia)

Weissensee (Carinthia)

Deutsch: Weissensee, Kärnten, Österreich. Luftbild aufgenommen beim Gleitschirmflug English: Aerial photograph of Weissensee, Carinthia, Austria taken during a paraglider flight.

The Weissensee is a lake in the Austrian state of Carinthia within the Gailtal Alps mountain range. The highest situated Carinthian bathing lake shares its name with the municipality of Weissensee on the northern and southern shore.

The Weissensee (German spelling: Weißensee) is a lake in the Austrian state of Carinthia within the Gailtal Alps mountain range. The highest situated Carinthian bathing lake shares its name with the municipality of Weissensee on the northern and southern shore.

Weissensee view from air

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Steinbock

Operation Steinbock

1–15 March

Operation Steinbock / The operation / March / 1–15 March

English: Royal Air Force 1939-1945- Fighter Command Pilot Officer J Allen (right) and Flight Sergeant W Patterson, a No 96 Squadron Mosquito crew based at West Malling, survey the wreckage of the Ju 88 which they shot down near Cranbrook in Kent on the night of 18-19 April 1944. The Junkers was one of eight enemy bombers destroyed by RAF night-fighters that night, during the last Operation Steinbock raid on London. The Ju 88A-4 belonged to 6 staffel KG 6 (Kampfgeschwader 6). The machine was code 3E+BP Werknummer 2537. Unteroffizier Helmut Barbauer and Unteroffizier Friedrich Schork were taken prisoner. Hugo Muhlbauer and Fritz Gotze were killed (see Ron McKay, Operation Steinbock.

Operation Steinbock, sometimes called the Baby Blitz, was a strategic bombing campaign by the German Air Force during the Second World War. It targeted southern England and lasted from January to May 1944. Steinbock was the last strategic air offensive by the German bomber arm during the conflict. In late 1943, the Allied Combined Bomber Offensive was gathering momentum against Germany. The Allied air forces were conducting a strategic bombing campaign day and night against German industrial cities. In retaliation, Adolf Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to prepare a bombing operation against the United Kingdom. The bombing offensive also served as propaganda value for the German public and domestic consumption. The operation ran parallel to Bomber Command's campaign against Berlin. The Luftwaffe assembled 474 bomber aircraft for the offensive. The attacks were mainly aimed at and around the Greater London area. In Britain, it was known as the Baby Blitz due to the much smaller scale of operations compared to The Blitz, the campaign against the United Kingdom in 1940–1941. The operation began in January and ended in May 1944.

On 2/3 March 1944 Peltz ordered another attack. The year's operations had taken their toll and the bomber groups struggled to make many aircraft airworthy. German propaganda claimed 164 crews took part and 131 hit their designated target area. In reality, it was more likely that 70 crews took off against England. KG 100 was able to get 2 and 3 staffeln from I. gruppe into action with their He 177. These units could field only 15 of the heavy bombers for the night's mission. Most, if not all of the He 177s were loaded with four SC1000s. The formation proceeded to Cherbourg, where the funkfeuer acted as a rallying point for a turn north to Watford, and from that way point, south east to London. The target was Victoria Station and the surrounding area, which were marked by red flares. Assisting the bomber crews on the night were three Knickebein and Sonne stations. They were also afforded lux buoys dropped in the Channel. The use of Knickebein at this point was questioned by crews. The British had developed countermeasures to jam and disrupt the signal since 1940. Crews were also suspicious of it. Some of the more experienced pilots believed the system was compromised and that the signals allowed RAF night fighters to home in on their position. This belief was pervasive at this time but post-war analysis shows this to be a myth. Navigators preferred to abandon cooperation with the Knickebein stations and proceed to the target by dead reckoning. German airmen were helped to identify the London area by large concentrations of searchlights and anti-aircraft fire. In the night's operation, the Luftwaffe reported the loss of eight aircraft. Among the losses was one He 177 from 2./KG 100, two Ju 188s and a Ju 88 from KG 2 while KG 54 and 6 lost one Ju 88 each. Also worthy of note was the loss of one Ju 88 from KG 101, which participated in the night's bombing. Fighter Command claimed four destroyed and three damaged. The seven claims emanated from 456 (one damaged), 605 (three claims; two damaged and one destroyed) and 151 Squadron (three destroyed). The heavy bombs caused significant damage considering the size of the German force. 900 houses were damaged and 500 people were made homeless. The Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society building in Woolwich and the Siemens works were hit by 700 incendiaries. The City and Guilds of London Art School was badly damaged by incendiary bombs. A string of other areas were hit: Biggin Hill, Welling, Sidcup, Norwood, Catford, Lewisham and Sanderstead. RAF Kidbrooke was struck by bombs which struck and destroyed several hangars. In Rochester 20 homes were destroyed and 100 damaged. Around 300 people were made homeless in the worst attack on the town during the war. The following days marked a reduction in the scale of operations, but missions were still flown to maintain what pressure the Luftwaffe could. From 4 to 7 March one Me 410, He 177, Ju 88 and Fw 190 were lost: the last three to enemy action.

Pilot Officer J Allen (right) and Flight Sergeant W Patterson, 96 Squadron, survey the wreckage of a Ju 88A-4. It belonged to 6 staffel KG 6. The machine was code 3E+BP Werknummer 2537. Unteroffizier Helmut Barbauer and Friedrich Schork were taken prisoner. Hugo Muhlbauer and Fritz Gotze were killed.[154]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perriers-sur-Andelle

Perriers-sur-Andelle

Perriers-sur-Andelle

Français : Eglise romane Saint-Etienne de Perriers-sur-Andelle.

The church in Perriers-sur-Andelle

Perriers-sur-Andelle is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

Perriers-sur-Andelle is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

The church in Perriers-sur-Andelle

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Eglise_Saint-Etienne_de_Perriers-sur-Andelle.jpg

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerophyll

Sclerophyll

Sclerophyll

Fynbos near Franschhoek

Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation which has hard leaves and short internodes. The word comes from the Greek sclero and phyllon. Sclerophyllous plants occur in many parts of the world. They are shaped by a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and long hot dry summers. Wildfires often occur. These conditions feature summer drought-tolerant plants with hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, This kind of climate occurs in: The Americas, in the chaparral biomes Californian woodlands Chilean Matorral Australia, this type of biome occurs throughout western, eastern and southern areas. Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome that cover the Mediterranean Basin Cape Province of South Africa.

Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation which has hard leaves and short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem). The word comes from the Greek sclero (hard) and phyllon (leaf). Sclerophyllous plants occur in many parts of the world. They are shaped by a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and long hot dry summers. Wildfires often occur. These conditions feature summer drought-tolerant plants with hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, This kind of climate occurs in: The Americas, in the chaparral biomes Californian woodlands Chilean Matorral Australia, this type of biome occurs throughout western (Perth), eastern (Sydney) and southern (Adelaide) areas. Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome that cover the Mediterranean Basin Cape Province of South Africa.

Fynbos in South Africa

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakri_dynasty

Chakri dynasty

Royal family

Chakri dynasty / Royal family

English: Grand Palace Bangkok, Thailand

The Chakri dynasty is the current ruling royal house of the Kingdom of Thailand, the head of the house being the monarch, and hence the head of state. The dynasty has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin Era and the city of Bangkok in 1782 following the end of Taksin Thonburi's reign, when the capital of Siam shifted to Bangkok. The royal house was founded by Rama I, an Ayutthaya military leader of Sino-Mon descent. Prior to the founding of the dynasty, Rama I held for years the title Chakri, the title of the civil chancellor. In founding the dynasty, the king himself chose "Chakri" as the name for the dynasty. The emblem of the dynasty is composed of the discus and the trident, the celestial weapons of god Vishnu and Shiva, of whom the Thai sovereign is seen as an incarnation. The current head of the house is Maha Vajiralongkorn who was proclaimed king on 1 December 2016, but has reigned with retroactive effect since 13 October 2016 after the death of Bhumibol Adulyadej. The house's current dynastic seat is the Grand Palace. On Saturday, 4th May 2019, a grand traditional ceremony occurred for the coronation of Vajiralongkorn in Bangkok.

The present royal family of Thailand is descended from Prince Mahidol Adulyadej of Songkla (1891–1929) and Srinagarindra (later Princess Mother) (1900–95) forming the House of Mahidol (ราชสกุลมหิดล) (a cadet branch of the dynasty). The Prince was a son of King Chulalongkorn and his wife Queen Savang Vadhana. The Prince was also the half-brother of both King Vajiravudh and King Prajadhipok. After the death of King Ananda Mahidol (Prince Mahidol's elder son), King Bhumibol Adulyadej (the Prince's younger son) ascended the throne in 1946. In 1949 the King married his first cousin once removed, Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara (a daughter of Mom Chao Nakkhatra Mangala Kitiyakara, a grandson of King Chulalongkorn). Bhumibol was succeeded by his son Maha Vajiralongkorn officially on 13 October 2016, but was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016.

The Chakri Mahaprasat, inside the Grand Palace in Bangkok, the dynastic seat and official residence of the dynasty.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_Theatre_(New_York_City)

Century Theatre (New York City)

Gallery

Century Theatre (New York City) / Gallery

English: Ground floor main vestibule of the New Theatre on Central Park West in New York City.

The Century Theatre, originally the New Theatre, was a theatre located at 62nd Street and Central Park West in New York City. Opened on November 6, 1909, it was noted for its fine architecture but due to poor acoustics and an inconvenient location it was financially unsuccessful. The theatre was demolished in 1931 and replaced by the Century Apartments building.

Main vestibule

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_vehicle_terms

Recreational vehicle terms

Terms

Recreational vehicle terms / Terms

English: Caravan of Heartland Bighorns on the way to the Summer 2009 Oregon Rally in Winchester, OR.

The term recreational vehicle is often used as a broad category of motor vehicles and trailers which include living quarters for designed temporary accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, caravans, fifth-wheel trailers, popup campers, truck campers and Park Model RVs. A large number of terms are used when describing aspects of recreational vehicle usage. Some of these are self-explanatory while others may be unfamiliar to many readers. Some terms, arranged alphabetically, are shown below.

Articulation point The point where two vehicles are coupled together to allow movement, usually by a ball or fifth wheel hitch. Awning On most newer RVs, the manufacturer includes a roll-out awning. The awning is attached to the door-side of the RV and is often about 75% of the length of the RV. The awning can be either manually operated or it can be operated electrically. Another type of awning used by RVers is a portable pop-up canopy or tent that provides a temporary solution to people who want to be outdoors and enjoy shade. The frame usually incorporates an accordion style truss which folds up compactly. Some of these awnings have side curtains that can keep out wind and bugs. Bull-nose front end Commonly seen on class A motorhomes where the angle of the front of the vehicle leans forward. Battery disconnect A solenoid which is wired first in the 12-volt system that, when activated, opens or closes and turns 12-volt power on or off to that system. Found mostly on motorhomes which will incorporate two disconnect systems: one for the house batteries and one for the chassis batteries. Usually controlled by either manually opening or closing the solenoid by turning it or moving a lever, or electronically operated via a remote switch mounted inside the RV. with a disconnect turned off, that battery circuit is 'dead' and no power will be available from the batteries. Generators and starter motors usually bypass these systems due to high power demands. Battery isolator A rectifier or solenoid switch based module of a recreational vehicle that provides charging power from the engine to the house battery and vice versa. (A one-way version of this may be mounted on the engine and provide power only one way, from engine to house battery.) The isolator also prevents power use by the circuits drawing on the house battery from also draining the engine or vehicle battery. Some RVs provide a momentary-on switch that flips a relay to form a temporary high-current connection between the two sets of batteries, enabling the driver to use the house batteries to help start the engine should the engine batteries prove weak. RVers that lack such a switch should carry a set of high-current-rated jumper cables to stretch between the two batteries to accomplish the same end. Blackwater Wastewater from the RV toilet; human waste. Blackwater tank The tank that stores the blackwater. When full, the operator of the RV will connect a sewer hose from the blackwater tank to a suitable sewer connection at their camp site or a dump station for emptying. This connection cannot simply be left open: If the water is allowed to constantly drain off, the solids tend to remain behind, eventually producing what is termed "the brown pyramid of death." It can cost hundreds, if not thousands of dollars to replace the blackwater tank in this eventuality. Ensure the tank approaches full; then empty it all at once, followed always by the graywater. Blackwater tank flush A pipe built into the blackwater holding tank that is connected to a source of pressurized water via a hose that is used to help flush solids from the holding tank at a dump site. If using a black water tank flush system in a campsite, the use of a back-flow preventer on the end of the hose to prevent sewage from flowing into the potable water system is recommended. The tank should be flushed with water upon every second tank draining, with normal use. The tank should also be sprayed any time the sensors appear erratic. Brake controller A device used to control the electric brakes on the trailer. Taking power from the tow vehicle's battery, it is activated by sensing voltage to the brake lights. Upon this signal it sends power, through the seven-way plug at the rear, to the electromagnets inside the trailer's brake drums, activating the brakes. Usually adjustable to control the amount of braking power applied as well as incorporating manual operation to allow the trailer brakes to be activated independently from t

Group of fifth-wheel RVs on the way to the Summer 2009 Oregon Rally in Winchester, Oregon

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Long_Service_and_Good_Conduct_Medal

Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal

King Edward VII

Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal / Versions / King Edward VII

English: The King Edward VII version of the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal

The Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal was instituted by King William IV in 1830. The medal remained in use for 100 years, until it was replaced by the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct in 1930. During that time the reverse of the medal remained virtually unchanged, while the design of the obverse was altered during the reigns of Queen Victoria, King Edward VII and King George V.

After the death of Queen Victoria, the obverse of the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal was changed to an effigy of the ruling monarch. The obverse of the Edward VII version, instituted in 1901, shows the King in Field Marshal's uniform, facing left, and is inscribed "EDWARDVS VII REX IMPERATOR" around the perimeter. The reverse of the medal remained unchanged, but the swivelling scroll suspender on this and subsequent versions was affixed to the medal by means of a single-toe claw and a horizontal pin through the upper edge of the medal. The Edward VII version of the medal was awarded up to the Army Order of April 1911, post-dating his death.

Edward VII version

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Olds_Gregg

Joseph Olds Gregg

Joseph Olds Gregg

English: Medal of Honor winner Joseph Olds Gregg

Joseph Olds Gregg was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Gregg was born in Lithopolis, Ohio on January 5, 1841. He was awarded the Medal of Honor, for extraordinary heroism shown on June 16, 1864, while serving as a Private with Company F, 133rd Ohio Infantry, near the Richmond and Petersburg Ry., Virginia. His Medal of Honor was issued on May 13, 1899. Gregg died at the age of 89, on February 25, 1930 and was buried at Lithopolis Cemetery in Lithopolis, Ohio.

Joseph Olds Gregg (January 5, 1841 - February 25, 1930) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Gregg was born in Lithopolis, Ohio on January 5, 1841. He was awarded the Medal of Honor, for extraordinary heroism shown on June 16, 1864, while serving as a Private with Company F, 133rd Ohio Infantry, near the Richmond and Petersburg Ry., Virginia . His Medal of Honor was issued on May 13, 1899. Gregg died at the age of 89, on February 25, 1930 and was buried at Lithopolis Cemetery in Lithopolis, Ohio.

Medal of Honor winner Joseph Olds Gregg c1865

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_o_Keawe

Hale o Keawe

Hale o Keawe

English: The Depository of the Kings of Hawaii, adjoining the Place of Refuge at Honaunau, engraving by J. Archer after Rev. William Ellis, 1822-1823. Said to have been built by Keaweikekahialiʻiokamoku, Hale O Keawe was restored by Kamehameha I. Kaʻahumanu had it dismantled in the 1820s after her conversion to Christianity.

Hale o Keawe was an ancient Hawaiian heiau originally built in approximately 1650 AD as the burial site for the ruling monarch of the Island of Hawaii named Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. The complex may have been established as early as 1475 under the aliʻi nui ʻEhu-kai-malino. Radio carbon dating has not been done extensively in the area. Testing of the nearby 'Āle'ale'a heiau site gave deceptive results. Oral traditions compiled by Dorothy Barrère are still considered the best for chronological order of the surrounding complex. The heiau contained 23 remains including that of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. It was situated near a great ancient wall near the royal residence to the east side of the wall. Further south were further aliʻi homes were built. Excavations of the area indicate a large crafting community to support the royal residence. The heiau would lay untouched after the banning of the Hawaiian religion while all other such temples were destroyed until Kaahumanu had the building dismantled and all the remains moved to the royal mausoleum in Honolulu. Today the reconstructed temple is part of the Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park.

Hale o Keawe was an ancient Hawaiian heiau originally built in approximately 1650 AD as the burial site for the ruling monarch (aliʻi nui) of the Island of Hawaii named Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. The complex may have been established as early as 1475 under the aliʻi nui ʻEhu-kai-malino. Radio carbon dating has not been done extensively in the area. Testing of the nearby 'Āle'ale'a heiau site gave deceptive results. Oral traditions compiled by Dorothy Barrère are still considered the best for chronological order of the surrounding complex. The heiau contained 23 remains including that of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. It was situated near a great ancient wall near the royal residence to the east side of the wall. Further south were further aliʻi homes were built. Excavations of the area indicate a large crafting community to support the royal residence. The heiau would lay untouched after the banning of the Hawaiian religion while all other such temples were destroyed until Kaahumanu had the building dismantled and all the remains moved to the royal mausoleum in Honolulu. Today the reconstructed temple is part of the Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park.

The original Hale o Keawe as drawn by William Ellis about 1822

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire

Holy Roman Empire

Religion

Holy Roman Empire / Demographics / Religion

Deutsch:   Titelblatt des Drucks des Augsburger Reichs- und Religionsfriedens Abschiedt der Röm. Königl. Majestat und gemeiner Stendt auf dem Reichßtag zu Augspurg a. D. 1555 auffgericht ..., Meyntz 1555 Mainz 1555

The Holy Roman Empire, occasionally but unofficially referred to as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also included the neighboring Kingdom of Bohemia and Kingdom of Italy, plus numerous other territories, and soon after the Kingdom of Burgundy was added. However, while by the 15th century the Empire was still in theory composed of three major blocks – Italy, Germany, and Burgundy – in practice, the links between these blocks had become so unsubstantial that only the Kingdom of Germany remained, nearly all the Italian territories for instance having become in effect part of a narrowly-defined Habsburg dynastic patrimony, unconnected to the Empire. The external borders of the Empire did not change noticeably from the Peace of Westphalia – which acknowledged the exclusion of Switzerland and the Northern Netherlands, and the French protectorate over Alsace – to the dissolution of the Empire.

Roman Catholicism constituted the single official religion of the Empire until 1555. The Holy Roman Emperor was always a Roman Catholic. Lutheranism was officially recognized in the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, and Calvinism in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. Those two constituted the only officially recognized Protestant denominations, while various other Protestant confessions such as Anabaptism, Arminianism, etc. coexisted illegally within the Empire. Anabaptism came in a variety of denominations, including Mennonites, Schwarzenau Brethren, Hutterites, the Amish, and multiple other groups. Following the Peace of Augsburg, the official religion of a territory was determined by the principle cujus regio, ejus religio according to which a ruler's religion determined that of his subjects. The Peace of Westphalia abrogated that principle by stipulating that the official religion of a territory was to be what it had been on 1 January 1624, considered to have been a "normal year". Henceforth, the conversion of a ruler to another faith did not entail the conversion of his subjects. In addition, all Protestant subjects of a Catholic ruler and vice versa were guaranteed the rights that they had enjoyed on that date. While the adherents of a territory's official religion enjoyed the right of public worship, the others were allowed the right of private worship (in chapels without either spires or bells). In theory, no one was to be discriminated against or excluded from commerce, trade, craft or public burial on grounds of religion. For the first time, the permanent nature of the division between the Christian Churches of the empire was more or less assumed. In addition, a Jewish minority existed in the Holy Roman Empire.

Front page of the Peace of Augsburg, which laid the legal groundwork for two co-existing religious confessions (Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism) in the German-speaking states of the Holy Roman Empire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackay_Reservoir_(Idaho)

Mackay Reservoir (Idaho)

Mackay Reservoir (Idaho)

Image Title: Lost River (Mackay) Reservoir Date: c.1920 Place: Lost River, Mackay, Idaho Description/Caption: No. 8. Lost River Reservoir - Mackay, Idaho. Medium: Real Photo Postcard (RPPC) Photographer/Maker: Wesley Andrews, Inc., Publishers, Baker, Oregon Cite as: ID-D-0003, WaterArchives.org Restrictions: There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. While the digital image is freely available, it is requested that www.waterarchives.org be credited as its source. For higher quality reproductions of the original physical version contact www.waterarchives.org, restrictions may apply.

A photo of Mackay Reservoir taken circa 1920

Mackay Reservoir is a reservoir on the Big Lost River in Custer County, Idaho, United States.

Mackay Reservoir is a reservoir on the Big Lost River in Custer County, Idaho, United States.

Mackay Reservoir, c. 1920

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Newton

Reginald Newton

Reginald Newton

English: Profile picture for Wikipedia article "Reginald Newton"

Lieutenant Colonel Reginald William James Newton, MBE, OAM, ED was an Australian Army officer noted for his leadership while in Japanese prisoner of war camps during the Second World War. He became well known among Australian military circles, where he was affectionately known as "Roaring Reggie."

Lieutenant Colonel Reginald William James Newton, MBE, OAM, ED (22 December 1906 – 31 July 1994) was an Australian Army officer noted for his leadership while in Japanese prisoner of war camps during the Second World War. He became well known among Australian military circles, where he was affectionately known as "Roaring Reggie."

Newton attending the 1991 Anzac Day march in Sydney.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottok

Pottok

Origins

Pottok / Origins

Euskara: Ekainberriko zaldiakFrançais : Peintures de chevaux (et bisons en haut à droite) à Ekainberri, fac-simile de la {{:fr:grotte d'Ekain|grotte d'Ekain}}. Pays Basque espagnol.

The Pottok or Pottoka, is an endangered, semi-feral breed of pony native to the Pyrenees of the Basque Country in France and Spain. It is considered an ancient breed of horse, particularly well adapted to the harsh mountain areas it traditionally inhabits. Once common, it is endangered through habitat loss, mechanization and crossbreeding but efforts are increasingly made to safeguard the future of this breed. It is considered iconic by the Basque people.

Many opinions exist on the origins of the Pottok. It is deemed by the scientific community to have lived in the area for at least several thousand years. It displays signs of genetic isolation and is genetically closest to breeds like the Asturcón, the Losino, the Galician, the Landais, and the Monchino horses. Tests have revealed considerable genetic differences between populations in the Northern Basque Country and the Southern Basque Country, leading some to consider them separate breeds. Some claim the Pottok's origins derive from the horses on ancient cave paintings in the area and thus claim to descend from the Magdalenian horses of 14,000–7000 BC. Other link its origins to an influx of horses during the Bronze Age. However, neither of these theories has to date been scientifically verified. Genetic research by the University of the Basque Country's Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology department into various genetic markers amongst the 4 indigenous horse breeds in the Basque Country have examined their relationship to other horses. Based on microsatellite tests, of the four Basque horse breeds, the Pottok and the Basque Mountain Horse, are genetically the most distant from other breeds. The others, the Burguete horse and the Jaca Navarra (today considered meat breeds), less so. This variability in the Pottok and the Basque Mountain Horse appears to be related to the fact males mate range more widely and mate with more females in these feral or semi-feral herds. Research into a known single-nucleotide polymorphism showed this non-native alternation is very rare in purebred Pottoks. Tests of mitochondrial DNA revealed Pottoks are most likely to crossbreed with the Basque Mountain Horses, less so with other breeds. Although some genetic markers of other European horse breeds were found, overall the genetic distance to the other European breeds is large. One marker previously only found in certain British breeds has also been found in Pottoks.

Paleolithic paintings of horses in the Ekainberri cave near Ekain, in Zestoa.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengjiao_line

Chengjiao line

Chengjiao line

English: Route map of Zhengzhou Metro Chengjiao Line

Chengjiao line of the Zhengzhou Metro, planned to be part of Line 9 in the future, is a rapid transit line running from southern Zhengzhou to Xinzheng. It was opened on 12 January 2017. This line is currently 31.7 km long with 12 stations. Through train services are operated on Line 2 and Chengjiao line, although they are classified as separate lines. There are 3 directly trains from Liuzhuang to Xinzheng International Airport every day, which stop at all stations before Nansihuan, and then directly to Xinzheng International Airport.

Chengjiao line of the Zhengzhou Metro (Chinese: 郑州地铁城郊线; pinyin: Zhèngzhōu Dìtiě Chéngjiāo Xiàn), planned to be part of Line 9 in the future, is a rapid transit line running from southern Zhengzhou to Xinzheng. It was opened on 12 January 2017. This line is currently 31.7 km long with 12 stations. Through train services are operated on Line 2 and Chengjiao line, although they are classified as separate lines. There are 3 directly trains from Liuzhuang to Xinzheng International Airport every day, which stop at all stations before Nansihuan, and then directly to Xinzheng International Airport.

Map of Zhengzhou Metro Chengjiao Line

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt

Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Rise to power

Muhammad Ali of Egypt / Rise to power

Masacre de mamelucos en El Cairo ordenada por Mehmet Ali in 1811.

Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha, known as Muhammad Ali of Egypt and the Sudan, was the Albanian Ottoman governor and the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848. At the height of his rule, he controlled Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, Sudan and parts of Arabia and the entire Levant. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. Muhammad Ali was born in Kavala, Ottoman Macedonia, to a family of Albanian origins. He was a military commander in an Albanian Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from a French occupation under Napoleon. Following Napoleon's withdrawal, Muhammad Ali rose to power through a series of political maneuvers, and in 1805 he was named Wāli of Egypt and gained the rank of Pasha. As Wāli, Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres. He also initiated a violent purge of the Mamluks, consolidating his rule and permanently ending the Mamluk hold over Egypt. Militarily, Muhammad Ali recaptured the Arabian territories for the sultan, and conquered Sudan on his own accord.

The French withdrawal left a power vacuum in Egypt. Mamluk power had been weakened, but not destroyed, and Ottoman forces clashed with the Mamluks for power. During this period of turmoil Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to work with both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. In 1801, he allied with the Egyptian leader Umar Makram and Egypt's Grand Imam of al-Azhar. During the infighting between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema (scholars, savants) demanded the replacement of Wāli (viceroy) Ahmad Khurshid Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded. In 1809, though, Ali exiled Makram to Damietta. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Makram had discovered Muhammad Ali's intentions to seize power for himself. Sultan Selim III could not oppose Muhammad Ali's ascension. By appearing as the champion of the people Muhammad Ali was able to forestall popular opposition until he had consolidated his power. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they extended their rule systematically south along the Nile River to Upper Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration at the Cairo Citadel in honour of his son, Tusun Pasha, who was to lead a military expedition into Arabia. The event was held on 1 March 1811. When the Mamluks had gathered at the Citadel, and were surrounded and killed by Muhammad Ali's troops. After the leaders were killed, Muhammad Ali dispatched his army throughout Egypt to rout the remainder of the Mamluk forces. Muhammad Ali transformed Egypt into a regional power which he saw as the natural successor to the decaying Ottoman Empire. He summed up his vision for Egypt as follows: I am well aware that the (Ottoman) Empire is heading by the day toward destruction... On its ruins I will build a vast kingdom... up to the Euphrates and the Tigris.

Massacre of the Mamelukes at the Cairo citadel by Horace Vernet.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektr-UV

Spektr-UV

Spektr-UV

English: Model of World Space Observatory-Ultraviolet (WSO-UV) during "Semana de Espacio", in IFEMA, Madrid, 05.2011 Русский: «Спектр-УФ» — «Всемирная космическая обсерватория» (ВКО-УФ), модель представленная во время проведения "Недели Космоса" в Мадриде в мае 2011 года

The Spektr-UV, also known as World Space Observatory-Ultraviolet, is a proposed ultraviolet space telescope intended for work in the 115 nm to 315 nm wavelength range. Launch had initially been planned for 2007, but has since been continually delayed; as of March 2020, the launch is planned for October 2025 atop an Angara A5 rocket from Vostochny Cosmodrome.

The Spektr-UV, also known as World Space Observatory-Ultraviolet (WSO-UV), is a proposed ultraviolet space telescope intended for work in the 115 nm to 315 nm wavelength range. Launch had initially been planned for 2007, but has since been continually delayed; as of March 2020, the launch is planned for October 2025 atop an Angara A5 rocket from Vostochny Cosmodrome.

Model of WSO-UV telescope during "Space Week" in Madrid, May 2011

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Finland

Old Finland

Old Finland

English: Vyborg Governorate existed 1721-1811 (merged to Finland).

Old Finland is a name used for the areas that Russia gained from Sweden in the Great Northern War and in the Russo-Swedish War. Old Finland was joined to the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland as Viipuri province in 1812. In the Peace Treaty in 1721 that concluded the Great Northern War, Sweden was forced to cede Käkisalmi County and Viborg/Viipuri County to Russia. The ceded Finnish-speaking Ingria around Saint Petersburg, however, was not included in Old Finland. In the Peace Treaty in 1743 Sweden had to cede the areas in southern Karelia east of the Kymi river and around Savonlinna to Russia. The area corresponded largely with that of the medieval province subjugated to Viipuri castle. The Russian ruler guaranteed religion, property rights, old Swedish laws, and some privileges to the inhabitants of these territories. However, a circumvention occurred, as the Russian administrators and Russian military were unfamiliar with the Swedish system. The Russians were used to a different system with its enslaved peasants, serfdom. As a result, the economy of the area was markedly different from that on the other side of the border. The ruler's guarantee froze the situation.

Old Finland (Finnish: Vanha Suomi; Russian: Ста́рая Финля́ндия, tr. Staraya Finlyandiya; Swedish: Gamla Finland) is a name used for the areas that Russia gained from Sweden in the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and in the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743). Old Finland was joined to the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland as Viipuri province in 1812. In the Peace Treaty in 1721 that concluded the Great Northern War, Sweden was forced to cede Käkisalmi County and Viborg/Viipuri County to Russia. The ceded Finnish-speaking Ingria around Saint Petersburg, however, was not included in Old Finland. In the Peace Treaty in 1743 Sweden had to cede the areas in southern Karelia east of the Kymi river and around Savonlinna to Russia. The area corresponded largely with that of the medieval province subjugated to Viipuri castle. The Russian ruler guaranteed religion, property rights, old Swedish laws, and some privileges to the inhabitants of these territories. However, a circumvention occurred, as the Russian administrators and Russian military were unfamiliar with the Swedish system. The Russians were used to a different system with its enslaved peasants, serfdom. As a result, the economy of the area was markedly different from that on the other side of the border. The ruler's guarantee froze the situation. Thus legal developments in Sweden were not introduced to these areas: the Viipuri and Käkisalmi territory did not adopt the 1734 General Law of Sweden (though Hamina (Fredrikshamn), Lappeenranta (Villmanstrand), and Savonlinna (Nyslott), at the time still Swedish, of course did adopt it), and the new constitution of King Gustav III was not implemented in the entire area. The territories enjoyed a sort of autonomy and much particularism, since the Russian rulers applied similar principles here as in the Baltic Provinces. The administration resembled a German principality, rather than a Russian province. Under Russian rule the combined territories formed the Vyborg Governorate, or Government of Vyborg. Ecclesiastically, the areas were administered as a diocese, but without a bishop. The church building in Viipuri and another in Hamina were assigned as cathedrals, with a diocesan chapter ("consistory"), led by the archdean. The area was not forced to contribute men to the Russian Army until 1797. However, there were many non-Finnish troops in the area, especially after the 1788–90 war. Scandinavian-style district courts continued in judicial function, each with a judge and lay members. However, the Russian estate owners and military often ignored these courts' decisions and imposed illegal punishments on the peasants. Because of the absence of an evenly applied, up-to-date legal system in the area, apathy in some ways dominated among Old Finland's residents; and not many figures from the area have a prominent place in history. Two of these are Maximilian von Alopeus and his brother David Alopaeus, born into a Finnish family in Viipuri and both later serving many posts in Imperial administration, including ambassador in some Central European countries. These areas, Government of Vyborg, were later referred to as Old Finland; and from the beginning of 1812, they were incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Finland, where the newly acquired provinces from Sweden were "New Finland". Basically, the population in these provinces came to receive the same legal system as the rest of the Grand Duchy, including its Constitution and General Law, although some privileges took time to implement. The so-called donated estates (owned by Russian noblemen) in Karelia were a headache resolved slowly by monetary compensation from the Grand Duchy's Treasury. This was a long lasting burden, as the last instance of compensation was not until the 1870s.

Coat of arms 1788–1811

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mathews

Bill Mathews

Scientific research

Bill Mathews / Scientific research

Garibaldi Lake and the north face of Mount Garibaldi, looking south from Panorama Ridge at 6900 ft (2100 m).

William Henry Mathews was a Canadian geologist, volcanologist, engineer, and professor. He is considered a pioneer in the study of subglacial eruptions and volcano-ice interactions in North America. Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field.

Mathews scientific work embraced a broad spectrum of topics, including volcanoes, glaciers, regional geomorphology, landslides, hydrogeology, stratigraphy, coal geology, and mineral deposits. But his most influential work was in the fields of subglacial eruptions and volcano-ice interactions. He discovered several ideal field laboratories for this research in his home province of British Columbia, including the numerous volcanoes in Garibaldi Provincial Park just north of Vancouver and the remote Tuya Volcanic Field in far northern British Columbia. While still in graduate school at Berkeley in 1947, he published a paper, "Tuyas, Flat-Topped Volcanoes in Northern British Columbia", in which he coined the term "tuya" to refer to the distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcanoes formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. He took the name from Tuya Butte, a near-ideal specimen of the type, and this name has since become standard worldwide among volcanologists in referring to and writing about these volcanic formations. Late in his career, other scientists named a previously unnamed tuya in the Tuya Volcanic Field in honor of him as Mathews Tuya. Mathews published his first article, titled "Geology of the Garibaldi Lake area", in the Canadian Alpine Journal in 1938 when he was only 19 years old. He would go on to author more than 100 published scientific papers and reports over the next six decades. A large portion of this body of work is devoted to the numerous fascinating volcanic, glacial, and limnological features of Garibaldi Provincial Park, which he examines, analyzes, and interprets in meticulous detail and with far-reaching insight.

Garibaldi Provincial Park was a major focus of Bill Mathews' scientific career. Garibaldi Lake (foreground), The Table (behind lake), and Mount Garibaldi (background) were each among the subjects of his numerous publications.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/GaribaldiLake-PanoramaRidge.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishibutai_Kofun

Ishibutai Kofun

Excavation

Ishibutai Kofun / Excavation

Ishibutai Kofun is a stone kofun tumulus of the Asuka period in the east of Shimanoshō, Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The kofun is believed to be the tomb of Soga no Umako. It occupies a space of 54 m, and is the largest known megalithic structure in Japan. The kofun is also known as the Ishibutoya Kofun.

The Ishibutai Kofun was first excavated by the archaeologist and academic Kōsaku Hamada (1881－1938). Imperial kofun have not been readily excavated in Japan. Due to its association with Soga no Umako, the Ishibutai tumulus does not have an imperial designation, and has thus seen extensive excavation. The kofun was first excavated in 1933, work on the base and moat began in 1935, and excavation of the tomb continued until 1975. The Ishibutai Kofun excavation yielded no significant finds. Funerary objects were probably lost to grave robbery quite soon after its construction. Stone shards to the southeast of the tomb are the remains of a tuff sarcophagus. Numerous examples of gilt and bronze implements, as well as earthenware shards were found in the banks of the tomb approach. The excavation also revealed that other similar flat stone kofun were built to the north and south of the existing structure. The Ishibutai Kofun was designated a historical remain in 1935. In 1954 the kofun was fully designated as a Special Historic Sites (特別史跡, tokubetsu shiseki), one of only 75 sites in Japan with this designation. As excavation of the Ishibutai Kofun continued after World War II, significant reconstruction of areas around the kofun were carried out. The kofun and its surrounding area is part of the Asuka Historical National Government Park.

Ishibutai Kofun

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/IshibutaiWithFigureSmallVersion2.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_Union_Military_Academy

Fork Union Military Academy

Campus

Fork Union Military Academy / Campus

English: Snead Hall at FUMA

Fork Union Military Academy is a private, all-male, college preparatory military boarding school located in Fork Union, Virginia. Founded in 1898, Fork Union is considered one of the premier military boarding academies in the United States. Fork Union is a member of the Association of Military Colleges and Schools of the United States and the National Association of Independent Schools, and is affiliated with the Baptist General Association of Virginia. FUMA's curriculum extends from the 7th to 12th grade and also hosts a one-year postgraduate program.

FUMA's campus is located on a 1,000-acre (400 ha) campus in the hills of the Virginia's Piedmont region. Hatcher Hall – Administrative offices and liberal arts classrooms Wicker Science Building and Moretz Learning Center – Math and Science classrooms and Fork Union's planetarium Vaughan Hall – Social Center / Student Activities Wicker Chapel Veterans Memorial Guy E. Beatty Library Dorothy Estes Dining Hall Thomas Gymnasium Estes Athletic Complex - an 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m²) athletic center Fork Union Aquatic Center Jacobson Hall – The 90,000-square-foot (8,400 m²), 250 room barracks opened for cadets August 20, 2012 and now houses Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Echo, and Delta companies, replacing both Snead and Memorial Halls at a cost of approximately $20 million. Ground was broken October 22, 2010.

Snead Hall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Snead_Hall.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garou_(singer)

Garou (singer)

Garou (singer)

Français : Garou à l'avant-première française de "Iron Man 3"

Garou in 2013 at 41

Pierre Garand, known by his stage name Garou, is a Canadian singer and actor from Sherbrooke, Québec. He is known for his work in the musical Notre-Dame de Paris and the No. 1 hits "Belle", "Seul", "Sous le vent", and "La Rivière de notre enfance". He currently holds the SNEP record for most weeks at No. 1.

Pierre Garand (born 26 June 1972), known by his stage name Garou (a diminutive of his last name "Garand"), is a Canadian singer and actor from Sherbrooke, Québec. He is known for his work in the musical Notre-Dame de Paris (playing Quasimodo in both the original French and English casts) and the No. 1 hits "Belle", "Seul", "Sous le vent", and "La Rivière de notre enfance". He currently holds the SNEP record for most weeks at No. 1.

Garou in 2013 at 41

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurigalzu_I

Kurigalzu I

Building works

Kurigalzu I / Building works

English: The cuneiform inscriptions on this door socket mention the name of the Kassite king Kurikalzu. Kassite period, 14th century BCE. The Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq.

Kurigalzu I, usually inscribed ku-ri-gal-zu but also sometimes with the ᵐ or ᵈ determinative, the 17th king of the Kassite or 3rd dynasty that ruled over Babylon, was responsible for one of the most extensive and widespread building programs for which evidence has survived in Babylonia. The autobiography of Kurigalzu is one of the inscriptions which record that he was the son of Kadašman-Ḫarbe. Galzu, whose possible native pronunciation was gal-du or gal-šu, was the name by which the Kassites called themselves and Kurigalzu may mean Shepherd of the Kassites. He was separated from his namesake, Kurigalzu II, by around forty-five years and as it was not the custom to assign regnal numbers and they both had lengthy reigns, this makes it exceptionally difficult to distinguish for whom an inscription is intended. The later king is, however, better known for his military campaign against the Assyrians than any building work he may have undertaken. It is now thought, however, that it was he who was the Kurigalzu who conquered Susa and was perhaps instrumental in the ascendancy of the Igehalkid dynasty over Elam, ca. 1400 BC.

Kurigalzu’s construction efforts are attested to at no less than eleven Babylonian cities. He was responsible for rebuilding the Ningal Temple at Ur, incorporating fragments of the Ur-Nammu Stela in buildings on the ziggurat terrace, the Edublal-Maḫ of Sîn buildings, or “house for hanging up the exalted tablets”, and the building of the gateway. He was the first king to build a royal residence bearing his name, a new capital city founded over an older settlement and built around 1390 BC, named Dur-Kurigalzu, or 'fortress of Kurigalzu', in the far north of Babylonia (modern ‘Aqar Qūf). It was positioned to protect an important trade route that led east across the Iranian plateau to Afghanistan, the source of lapis lazuli. The 170-foot-high ziggurat of Enlil can still be seen on the western outskirts of Baghdad, with its reinforcing layers of reed matting and bitumen and the remains of three temples at its foot. Rawlinson first identified the site in 1861 from the brick inscriptions. Excavated in 1942–45 by Seton Lloyd and Taha Baqir, the city covered 225 hectares and included the Egal-kišarra, or “Palace of the Whole World”, a vast palatial and administrative complex. In an adoption contract which sternly warns the adoptee, “If [Il]i-ippašra says, ‘you are not my father’, they shall shave his head, bind him and sell him for silver,” the date formula used, “in the month of Šabatu, the 19th day, the year Kurigalzu, the king, built the Ekurigibara,” predates that which was introduced during the reign of Kadašman-Enlil I and that had become de rigueur by the later reign of Kurigalzu II. The Ekurigibara of Enlil was a temple in Nippur.

Door socket from Dur-Kurikalzu

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._S._Lakshmi_Shree

A. J. S. Lakshmi Shree

A. J. S. Lakshmi Shree

English: 5-06-2006 : Presenting the portrait of Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam while receiving an award (Karnataka state polllution control board painting contest)

A. J. S. Lakshmi Shree is a Bangalore-based Indian visual artist. A child prodigy, Lakshmi started painting at the age of two. Aged five, approximately 100 of her paintings were displayed at 2001 Bangalore Festival of Art. Lakshmi was congratulated by then Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh in 2007.

A. J. S. Lakshmi Shree is a Bangalore-based Indian visual artist. A child prodigy, Lakshmi started painting at the age of two. Aged five, approximately 100 of her paintings were displayed at 2001 Bangalore Festival of Art. Lakshmi was congratulated by then Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh in 2007.

Presenting the portrait of Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam while receiving an award

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_van_Haven

Lambert van Haven

Lambert van Haven

English: Detail of painting of Lambert van Haven.

Lambert van Haven was a Danish architect, master builder and painter. He was born in Bergen, the son of the artist Solomon van Haven who had already succeeded in winning the favour of the Danish monarchy. Starting in 1653, he spent some 16 years travelling in Italy, France and the Netherlands where he studied Baroque painting and architecture. Under Christian V, he was appointed Denmark's first official General Building Master in 1671 with overall responsibility for executing the king's architectural wishes. He died in Copenhagen.

Lambert van Haven (16 April 1630 - 9 May 1695) was a Danish architect, master builder and painter. He was born in Bergen, the son of the artist Solomon van Haven who had already succeeded in winning the favour of the Danish monarchy. Starting in 1653, he spent some 16 years travelling in Italy, France and the Netherlands where he studied Baroque painting and architecture. Under Christian V, he was appointed Denmark's first official General Building Master in 1671 with overall responsibility for executing the king's architectural wishes. He died in Copenhagen.

Lambert van Haven painted by his brother Michael van Haven

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_Reid

Clement Reid

Clement Reid

English: "Buried Forest seen at low water at Dove Point, on the Cheshire coast" (England) English: Forêt fossile enfouie dans la tourbe, réapparaissant suite à l'érosion du substrat par la mer, ici à marée basse à la pointe Dove, sur la côte du Cheshire en Angleterre, en 1913. Ces restes ont aujourd'hui disparu, mais certains étaient encore visibles au printemps 1982Reid, C., 1913. Submerged Forests. The Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature, Cambridge University Press, 129 pp.Hoylake & West Kirby web site, - Early history, consulté 30 Juin 2012</ref>

Clement Reid FRS was a British geologist and palaeobotanist.

Clement Reid FRS (6 January 1853 – 10 December 1916) was a British geologist and palaeobotanist.

Submerged forest, Cheshire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_School

Dragon School

History

Dragon School / History

English: Dragon School Oxford - Playing fields

The Dragon School is one school on two sites in Oxford, England. The Dragon Pre-Prep and Prep School are both co-educational schools. The Dragon Prep School was founded in 1877 as the Oxford Preparatory School. It takes day pupils and boarders. Originally established for boys, the Dragon School also accepted a small number of day girls with a close connection to the school, first admitting girls as boarders in 1994. The Dragon School is a feeder school to many independent schools, including Eton College, Shrewsbury School, Cheltenham Ladies' College, Harrow School, Radley College, Rugby School, Marlborough College, Canford School, St Edward's School, Oxford and Abingdon School. The Dragon educates children from aged 4 to 13 in two sites in North Oxford: Bardwell Road and Richards Lane. Boarding starts at 8 and there are 10 boarding houses, including one weekly-boarding house.

The school was founded by a committee of Oxford dons, among whom the most active was a Mr George. In honour of St George the group decided to call themselves Dragons. Teaching started in September 1877 at rooms in Balliol Hall, located in St Giles', central Oxford, under A. E. Clarke. The school expanded and moved within two years to 17 Crick Road, which became known as "School House". Charles Cotterill Lynam (known as the "Skipper") took over as headmaster in 1886. In 1894, C. C. Lynam took out a lease on land at the current site at Bardwell Road in central North Oxford, just to the west of the River Cherwell. £4,000 was raised through subscriptions from local parents for the erection of new school buildings and the move was completed within a year. The school was known as Oxford Preparatory School and also Lynam's, but gradually its current name was adopted. The Dragon School became the second school to take part in the Harrow History Prize in 1895, and many of its pupils have won this over the years, an early winner being Miss Kit Lynam. The school was run for many years by the Lynam family. The school has become notable for its large number of eminent alumni.

Dragon School playing fields off Bardwell Road

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_quintrala

La quintrala

La quintrala

Español: La actriz Ana María Lynch como La Quintrala – Doña Catalina de los Ríos y Lisperguer- Pelicula Argentina de 1955, dirigida por Hugo del Carril.

La quintrala is a 1955 Argentine drama film directed by Hugo del Carril. It won the Silver Condor Award for Best Film.

La quintrala is a 1955 Argentine drama film directed by Hugo del Carril. It won the Silver Condor Award for Best Film.

Ana María Lynch in the film

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-Term_Capital_Management

Long-Term Capital Management

1998 bailout

Long-Term Capital Management / 1998 bailout

Federal Reserve Bank of NY, 33 Liberty Street

Long-Term Capital Management L.P. was a hedge fund based in Greenwich, Connecticut that used absolute return trading strategies combined with high financial leverage. LTCM was founded in 1994 by John Meriwether, the former vice-chairman and head of bond trading at Salomon Brothers. Members of LTCM's board of directors included Myron S. Scholes and Robert C. Merton, who shared the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for a "new method to determine the value of derivatives". Initially successful with annualized return of over 21% in its first year, 43% in the second year and 41% in the third year, in 1998 it lost $4.6 billion in less than four months due to a combination of high leverage and exposure to the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 1998 Russian financial crisis.

Long-Term Capital Management did business with nearly every important person on Wall Street. Indeed, much of LTCM's capital was composed of funds from the same financial professionals with whom it traded. As LTCM teetered, Wall Street feared that Long-Term's failure could cause a chain reaction in numerous markets, causing catastrophic losses throughout the financial system. After LTCM failed to raise more money on its own, it became clear it was running out of options. On September 23, 1998, Goldman Sachs, AIG, and Berkshire Hathaway offered then to buy out the fund's partners for $250 million, to inject $3.75 billion and to operate LTCM within Goldman's own trading division. The offer of $250 million was stunningly low to LTCM's partners because at the start of the year their firm had been worth $4.7 billion. Warren Buffett gave Meriwether less than one hour to accept the deal; the time lapsed before a deal could be worked out. Seeing no options left, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized a bailout of $3.625 billion by the major creditors to avoid a wider collapse in the financial markets. The principal negotiator for LTCM was general counsel James G. Rickards. The contributions from the various institutions were as follows: $300 million: Bankers Trust, Barclays, Chase, Credit Suisse First Boston, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, J.P.Morgan, Morgan Stanley, Salomon Smith Barney, UBS $125 million: Société Générale $100 million: Paribas Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers and Crédit Agricole declined to participate. In return, the participating banks got a 90% share in the fund and a promise that a supervisory board would be established. LTCM's partners received a 10% stake, still worth about $400 million, but this money was completely consumed by their debts. The partners once had $1.9 billion of their own money invested in LTCM, all of which was wiped out. The fear was that there would be a chain reaction as the company liquidated its securities to cover its debt, leading to a drop in prices, which would force other companies to liquidate their own debt in a vicious cycle. The total losses were found to be $4.6 billion. The losses in the major investment categories were (ordered by magnitude): $1.6 bn in swaps $1.3 bn in equity volatility $430 mn in Russia and other emerging markets $371 mn in directional trades in developed countries $286 mn in Dual-listed company pairs (such as VW, Shell) $215 mn in yield curve arbitrage $203 mn in S&P 500 stocks $100 mn in junk bond arbitrage no substantial losses in merger arbitrage Long-Term Capital was audited by Price Waterhouse LLP. After the bailout by the other investors, the panic abated, and the positions formerly held by LTCM were eventually liquidated at a small profit to the rescuers. Although termed a bailout, the transaction effectively amounted to an orderly liquidation of the positions held by LTCM with creditor involvement and supervision by the Federal Reserve Bank. No public money was injected or directly at risk, and the companies involved in providing support to LTCM were also those that stood to lose from its failure. The creditors themselves did not lose money from being involved in the transaction. Some industry officials said that Federal Reserve Bank of New York involvement in the rescue, however benign, would encourage large financial institutions to assume more risk, in the belief that the Federal Reserve would intervene on their behalf in the event of trouble. Federal Reserve Bank of New York actions raised concerns among some market observers that it could create moral hazard since even though the Fed had not directly injected capital, its use of moral suasion to encourage creditor involvement emphasized its interest in supporting the financial system . LTCM's strategies were compared (a contrast with the market efficiency aphorism that there are no $100 bills lying on the street, as someone else has already picked them up) to "picking up nickels in front of a bulldozer"—a likely small gain balanced against a small chance of a large loss,

On September 23, 1998, the chiefs of some of the largest investment firms of Wall Street—Bankers Trust, Bear Stearns, Chase Manhattan, Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, and Salomon Smith Barney—met on the 10th floor conference room of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (pictured) to rescue LTCM.

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