This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses), Subject name: Microbiology
Mother to child transmission of HIV: 
Select and explain. 
A. 25%, B. 50%, C. 60%, D. 75%
A: 25%
Answer: A: 25% 
Explanation: The transmission of HIV from a HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, labour, delivery or breastfeeding is called mother-to-child transmission. In the absence of any intervention, transmission rates range from 15% to 45%. Rates can be < 5% with effective interventions during the periods of pregnancy, labour, delivery and breastfeeding. These interventions primarily involve antiretroviral treatment for the mother and a sho course of antiretroviral drugs for the baby and appropriate breastfeeding practices. The Maximum risk of transmission is during labour.