This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
In children with type IDM when is ophthalmologic evaluation indicated – 
Select and explain. 
A. At the time of diagnosis, B. After 1 year, C. After 2 years, D. After 5 years
D: After 5 years
Answer: D: After 5 years 
Explanation: In IDDM, initial retinal examination should be done 5 yrs after the onset of disease as the sight threatening retinopathy usually does not appear in the first 5 yrs & thereafter, these should be screened annualy by retina experts.
For NIDDM, initial examination should be done right from the time of diagnosis, because upto 21% patients have retinopathy at the time of diagnosis & thereafter annually.
Diabetic women who become pregnant, should have dilated eye examination in the first trimester & close follow up. throughout the pregnancy.