This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Identification, Subject name: Forensic Medicine
Whip-lash injuries is caused due to 
Select and explain. 
A. A fall from a height, B. A blow on top to head, C. Acute hyperflexion of the spine, D. Acute hyperextension of the spine
D: Acute hyperextension of the spine
Answer: D: Acute hyperextension of the spine 
Explanation: This injury occurs due to rear end automobile collision. The body of victim is accelerated by the impact force but the head is left behind. Sudden hyperextension followed by sudden hyperflexion occurs. It is mentioned that in mild forms only subtle hyperextension injuries are found in X Ray. So hyperextension being the primary injury is most impoant answer. Ref: Krishan Vij textbook of forensic medicine, 5th edition pg : 287