This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Respiration, Subject name: Pathology
Emphysema is due to deficiency of 
Select and explain. 
A. Tumor necrosis factor, B. Prostaglandins, C. Leucotriens, D. Alpha - 1 antitrypsin
D: Alpha - 1 antitrypsin
Answer: D: Alpha - 1 antitrypsin 
Explanation: D. i.e. (Alpha - 1- antitrypsin) (486 - Harsh Mohan 5th) (486- Basic pathology 8th)Emphysema - is characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls without obvious fibrosisal - AT develops in adults and causes pulmonary emphysema in smokers as well as in non smokers* Charcot- Leyden crystal and Curshmann's spirals are seen in B. asthma**** Panacinar (Pan lobular) emphysema is associated with a-1 AT deficiency