This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine
Miner's cramp are due to ? 
Select and explain. 
A. Heat collaps, B. Heat cramps, C. Sunstroke, D. Heat exhaustion
B: Heat cramps
Answer: B: Heat cramps 
Explanation: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Heat cramps Exposure to high atmospheric temperatures causes three clinical conditions :? 1. Heat cramps/Miner's cramps/Stoker's cramp/Firemen's cramp These are painful spasm of voluntary muscles which follow sternous work in a hot atmosphere. These are caused by loss of water and salt in profuse prespiration (sweating). 2. Heat exhaustion/heat collapse/heat syncope/heat prostration There is collapse without any elevation of body tempetature. It occurs due to exposure to high temperature in closed environment and is precipitated by muscular exercise and unsuitable clothing. There is extreme exhaustion with peripheral vascular collapse with scanty prespiration (sweating). 3. Heat stroke (heat hyperpyrexia/sunstroke) it is due to failure of heat regulating mechanism caused by failure of cutaneous circulation and sweating. It occurs due to exposure to heat in open and humid environment. There is sudden collapse with loss of consciousness. Skin is dry, hot flushes and there is no sweating. All signs of shock are present, i.e. low urine out put, low BP, rapid irregular pulse etc.