This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
Column concept of spine stability was given by? 
Select and explain. 
A. Denis, B. Frenkel, C. Wilson, D. Todd
A: Denis
Answer: A: Denis 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Denis The three column concept of spinal stability Denis (1983) proposed the 3-column concept of spinal stability. He divided the above-enumerated bony and soft-tissue structures into three columns - anterior, middle and posterior as follows :- Anterior column consisting of the anterior longitudinal ligament, the anterior poion of the annulus fibrosus and the anterior half of the veebral body. Middle column consisting of the posterior poion of the veebral body, the posterior poion of the annulus and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Posterior column consisting of the pedicles, facets, laminae and the posterior ligament complex (ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament and the facet joint capsule).