This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
Child presents with recurrent abdominal pain and bilious vomiting. Condition was diagnosed by barium follow through. Surgery was done, - mesentric widening, appendicectomy, cutting the Ladd's band.What is the diagnosis? 
Select and explain. 
A. Recurrent Caecal volvulus, B. Mal rotation, C. Recurrent appendicitis, D. Stricture TB
B: Mal rotation
Answer: B: Mal rotation 
Explanation: The surgery mentioned in the question is Ladd's procedure done for malrotation. 3 things are done:

A. Lysis of cecal and duodenal bands.
B. Broadening of the mesentery.
C. Appendectomy.

Obstruction in a patient with malrotation can occur because of mid gut volvulus or because of bands (Ladd's band).
Midgut volvulus can occur at any age, although it is seen most often in the first few weeks of life. ilious vomiting is usually the first sign of volvulus, and all infants with bilious vomiting must be evaluated rapidly to ensure that they do not have intestinal malrotation with volvulus.

When volvulus is suspected, early surgical intervention is done to avoid or reverse the ischemic process.

Surgery:
Volvulus occurs clockwise, and it is therefore untwisted counterclockwise. (This can be remembered by using the memory aid "Turn back the hands of time.")
Subsequently, Ladd's procedure is performed. This operation does not correct the malrotation but does broaden the narrow mesenteric pedicle to prevent volvulus from recurring.
Steps done in Ladd's procedure are:
 duodenal and cecal bands are divided,
Broadening of the mesentery
The appendix is removed to avoid diagnostic errors in later life.
This maneuver brings the straightened duodenum into the right lower quadrant and the cecum into the left lower quadrant.

Note that:
A subset of patients with malrotation can also present with incomplete obstruction or chronic obstruction. (so the patient here in this question has either incomplete volvulus or obstruction because of duodenal band)
Ladd' s procedure is performed to prevent voluvulus ; however, volvulus can still occur rarely after Ladd's procedure.