This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Haematology, Subject name: Anatomy
A child presents with hypochromic microcytic anemia, with normal levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin . The most likely diagnosis is 
Select and explain. 
A. Iron deficiency anemia, B. Lead toxicity, C. Thalassemia, D. Anemia of chronic disease
C: Thalassemia
Answer: C: Thalassemia 
Explanation: Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 637-638 The diagnosis of b-thalassemia major is readily made during child- hood on the basis of severe anemia accompanied by the characteris- tic signs of massive ineffective erythropoiesis: hepatosplenomegaly, profound microcytosis, a characteristic blood smear ), and elevated levels of HbF, HbA2 , or both.