This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Respiration, Subject name: Pathology
A 28-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis presents with increasing shortness of breath and production of abundant foul-smelling sputum. The sputum in this patient is most likely associated with which of the following pulmonary conditions? 
Select and explain. 
A. Atelectasis, B. Bronchiectasis, C. Empyema, D. Pneumothorax
B: Bronchiectasis
Answer: B: Bronchiectasis 
Explanation: Bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis refers to the irreversible dilation of bronchi, which is caused by the destruction of the muscular and elastic elements of bronchial walls. Bronchiectasis is often localized to a segment of the lung distal to mechanical obstruction of a bronchus by a variety of lesions, including tumors, inhaled foreign bodies, mucous plugs (e.g., cystic fibrosis and asthma), and compressive lymphadenopathy. Nonobstructive bronchiectasis is usually a complication of chronic pulmonary infections. Patients with bronchiectasis present with chronic productive cough, often with copious mucopurulent sputum. Pyothorax (choice E) is infection of pleural effusion.Diagnosis: Bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis