This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Immunodeficiency Disorders, Subject name: Pathology
Perivascular lymphocytic and microglial nodules are seen in 
Select and explain. 
A. Multiple sclerosis, B. HIV encephalitis, C. Bacterial meningitis, D. CMV encephalitis
B: HIV encephalitis
Answer: B: HIV encephalitis 
Explanation: HIV encephalitis Chronic inflammatory reaction characterized by widely distributed microglial nodules, often containing macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells; foci of tissue necrosis . Reactive gliosis are sometimes seen together with these lesions. Microglial nodules found near small blood vessels, show abnormally prominent endothelial cells and perivascular foamy or pigment-laden macrophages.