This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
RET proto oncogene mutation is a hallmark of which of the following tumors? 
Select and explain. 
A. Medullary carcinoma thyroid, B. Astrocytoma, C. Paraganglioma, D. Huhle cell tumor thyroid
A: Medullary carcinoma thyroid
Answer: A: Medullary carcinoma thyroid 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e. Medullary carcinoma thyroid Mutations in RET proto-oncogene are responsible for MEN2A, MEN2B, and Familial Medullary thyroid carcinoma. RET protooncogene codes for trans-membrane protein tyrosine kinase Familial cases of MTC are now detected by genetic screening for RET mutations, which identifies individuals who will develop medullary cancer later in life.