This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Virology, Subject name: Medicine
Infection with HIV is associated with atrophy in all of the following parts of the brain except: 
Select and explain. 
A. Anterior cingulate gyrus, B. Globus pallidus, C. Caudate nucleus, D. Lower white matter volume
A: Anterior cingulate gyrus
Answer: A: Anterior cingulate gyrus 
Explanation: Ans. a. Anterior cingulate gyrus (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1264, 1265, 18/e p1559, 1560, 3427)AIDS causes subcortical dementia, involves white matter and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and main feature is demyelination.Overall cerebral atrophy and prominent caudate region atrophy are important radiographic features of HIV dementia.HIV-associated dementiaHIV encephalopathy: 'subcortical dementia' characterized by defects in short-term memory and executive functionAIDS causes subcortical dementia, involves white matter and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and main feature is demyelination.Overall cerebral atrophy and prominent caudate region atrophy are important radiographic features of HIV dementia.