This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Urinary tract, Subject name: Pediatrics
The most common cause of Renal scarring in a 3 year old child is 
Select and explain. 
A. Trauma, B. Tuberculosis, C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis, D. Interstitial nephritis
C: Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis
Answer: C: Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis 
Explanation: vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been considered the most impoant risk factor for post-UTI renal scar formation in children. VUR predisposes children with UTI to pyelonephritis, and both are associated with renal scarring. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition