This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: General obstetrics, Subject name: Anatomy
Insulin resistance in pregnancy is because of: 
Select and explain. 
A. Human placental lactogen, B. Progesterone, C. Estrogen, D. All the above
D: All the above
Answer: D: All the above 
Explanation: During pregnancy, insulin levels are increased because of increased insulin secretion as well as increase in insulin resistance due to number of contra insulin factors. These are Estrogen Progesterone Human placental lactogen Coisol Prolactin The main hormone responsible for insulin resistance is HPL. Ref:Dutta Obs 9e pg 55.