This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is associated with- 
Select and explain. 
A. Schistosomiasis, B. Naphthylamine, C. Smoking, D. All
D: All
Answer: D: All 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Schistosomiasis; 'b' i.e., Naphthylamine & 'c' i.e., SmokingRisk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder ?I. Smoking ---> Major etiological factor.Occupational exposure to chemicals Nephthylamine benzidine, aniline dyes, acrolein.Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharziasis) ---> It is a risk factor for both TCC & SCC.Drugs --> PhenacetinCyclophosphamide therapyPelvic irradiations