This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
Which one of the following clinical situation would be LEAST likely to result in a newborn who is small for gestational age? 
Select and explain. 
A. Premature rupture of the membranes, B. Abruptio placentae, C. Congential CMV infection, D. Gestational diabetes mellitus
D: Gestational diabetes mellitus
Answer: D: Gestational diabetes mellitus 
Explanation: Pregnancies associated with, gestational diabetes mellitus usually produce newborns that are large for gestational age (macrosomia). Hyperglycemia in the mother causes fetal release of insulin, which increases the synthesis of fat and muscle. Fetal, placental, and maternal causes can result in a newborn that is small for gestational age. Fetal abnormalities include chromosome disorders, congenital anomalies, and infection. Placental abnormalities (uteroplacental insufficiency) can result from infection, infarction, abruption placenta, and premature rupture of the membranes. Maternal factors are most common and include pregnancy-induced hypeension (preeclampsia), malnutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug addiction.