This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
An elderly female patient presented with hematuria and on imaging was found to have stage T2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Which of the following statements about management of her condition is true: 
Select and explain. 
A. History of smoking is not a risk factor, B. Cystoscopic fulgration is the standard treatment, C. There is no role of chemotherapy, D. 70% chance of requiring cystectomy in 5 years after TUR
D: 70% chance of requiring cystectomy in 5 years after TUR
Answer: D: 70% chance of requiring cystectomy in 5 years after TUR 
Explanation: Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts for about 50% of bladder cancers.
Stage T2 implies muscularis propriae invasive disease. The standard treatment for muscle invasive disease is radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (and not cystoscopic fulgration).
Chemotherapy has a role in TCC.


Coming to option `d.'
In stage T2 or muscle invasive TCC, the standard treatment is radical cystectomy. Transurethral resection alone would carry a high likelihood of recurrence. So this option appears to be correct; however, we could not get the exact figures of recurrence.