This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology
Cardiac Output decreases in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: 
Select and explain. 
A. Sleep, B. Rapid arrhythmias, C. Sitting from supine, D. Hea disease
A: Sleep
Answer: A: Sleep 
Explanation: EFFECT OF VARIOUS CONDITIONS ON CARDIAC OUTPUT Condition or Factor No change Sleep Moderate change in environmental temperature Increase Anxiety and excitement (50-100%) Eating (30%) Exercise (upto 700%) High environmental temperature Pregnancy Epinephrine Decrease Sitting or standing from lying position (20-30%) Rapid arrhythmias Hea disease Ref: Ganong's Review of physiology, 23rd Ed, Page 514