This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine
The surgical procedure most commonly associated with postoperative acute kidney injury is: 
Select and explain. 
A. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, B. Neurosurgery, C. TURP, D. Carcinoma breast surgery
A: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Answer: A: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass 
Explanation: The procedures most commonly associated with AKI are 1. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass 2. Vascular procedures with aoic cross clamping 3. Intraperitoneal procedures. Severe AKI requiring dialysis occurs in approximately 1% of cardiac and vascular surgery procedures. Ref: Harrison-E-18, P-2295.