This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine
Which of the following is a common cause of hyperparathyroidism? 
Select and explain. 
A. Carcinoma of parathyroid glands, B. Hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, C. Adenoma of parathyroid glands, D. All of the above
D: All of the above
Answer: D: All of the above 
Explanation: Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by autonomous secretion of PTH, usually by a single parathyroid adenoma, which can vary in diameter from a few millimetres to several centimetres. It should be distinguished from secondary hyperparathyroidism, in which there is a physiological increase in PTH secretion to compensate for prolonged hypocalcaemia (such as in vitamin D deﬁciency), and from tertiary hyperparathyroidism, in which continuous stimulation of the parathyroids over a prolonged period of time results in adenoma formation and autonomous PTH secretion. This is most commonly seen in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease.
The prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism is about 1 in 800 and it is 2–3 times more common in women than men; 90% of patients are over 50 years of age. It also occurs in the familial MEN syndromes, in which case hyperplasia or multiple adenomas of all four parathyroid glands are more likely than a solitary adenoma.
Carcinomas of parathyroid glands are also associated with hyperparathyroidism.
 
Reference: : Davidson P R I N C I P L E S   and Practice O F M E D I C I N E 23rd edition page no  663