This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Kidneys and Body Fluids, Subject name: Physiology
Angiotensin II Causes- 
Select and explain. 
A. Vasoconstriction, B. Vasodilatation, C. Increased heart rate, D. Decreased heart rate
A: Vasoconstriction
Answer: A: Vasoconstriction 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vasoconstriction Actions of angiotensin 11 (A-II)o The most prominent action of A-II is vasoconstriction.o Angiotensin II is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors known, being four to eight times as active as epinephrine.o Vasoconstriction involves arterioles and venules and occurs in all vascular beds. However, it is less marked in cerebral, skeletal muscle, pulmonary and coronary vessels.o A-II increases the force of myocardial contraction by promoting Ca+2 influx.o A-II and A-II I are tropic to zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex -| aldosterone secretion - Na+ & water retention.o A-II also has a direct action on kidney - promotes Na+, C1- and HCO2- reabsorption.o In brain, A II induces drinking behavior and ADH release. It also increases central sympathetic outflow.o A-II enhances sympethetic activity by peripheral action as well - It releases Adr from adrenal medulla, stimulates autonomic ganglia and increases the output of NA from adrenergic nerve endings.