This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy
The stapes is embryologically derived from the following pharyngeal arch ? 
Select and explain. 
A. 1st arch, B. 2nd arch, C. 3rd arch, D. 4th arch
B: 2nd arch
Answer: B: 2nd arch 
Explanation: The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to Reiche cailage, which eventually forms:Manubrium of the malleusLong process of the incusStapes suprastructureTympanic poion of the stapes footplateThe vestibular poion of the stapes footplate derives from the otic capsule. Other structures which derived from the second pharyngeal arch mesoderm are:Facial nerveMuscles of facial expressionStapedius muscleThe upper poion of the hyoid boneStylohyoid ligament Ref: Brown K.D., Selesnick S.H. (2012). Chapter 48. Congenital Disorders of the Middle Ear. In A.K. Lalwani (Ed), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, 3e.