This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
In reflux nephropathy, glomerular lesion is? 
Select and explain. 
A. Focal GN, B. Membranous GN, C. Membrano proliferative G.N, D. Minimal change disease
A: Focal GN
Answer: A: Focal GN 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Focal G.NFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis o Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by sclerosis of -(i) Some, but not all, glomeruli (thus, it is focal)(ii) In the affected glomeruli, only a poion of capillary tuft is involved (thus, it is segmental). o Clinically it presents as nephrotic syndrome.CausesHIV infection 3. Sickle cell disease 5. IgA nephropathy 7. IdiopathicHeroin addiction 4. Massive obesity 6. Reflux nephropathy