This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: New born infants, Subject name: Pediatrics
Absence of pulmonary surfactant in premature infant leads to 
Select and explain. 
A. Pulmonary edema, B. Collapse of alveoli, C. Elastic recoil of lungs, D. All of the above
D: All of the above
Answer: D: All of the above 
Explanation: RDS occurs when there is not enough surfactant in the lungs. ... When there is not enough surfactant, the tiny alveoli collapse with each breath. As the alveoli collapse, damaged cells collect in the airways. They fuher affect breathing. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition