This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia
All of the following are absolute contraindications for neuraxial anaesthesia, EXCEPT: 
Select and explain. 
A. Patient on anticoagulants, B. Fixed output state, C. Hypovolaemic shock, D. Bowel perforation
D: Bowel perforation
Answer: D: Bowel perforation 
Explanation: In patients on anticoagulants there is a risk of pressure damage to the cord from bleed/hematoma, so neuraxial anaesthesia is absolutely contraindicated. In shock and fixed output states there is effective reduction in circulating volume due to vasodilation, so neuraxial anaesthesia is again absolutely contraindicated. In bowel perforation there is a theoretical risk of increased parasympathetic activity, peristalsis and peritoneal soiling but is only a relative contraindication for all neuraxial anaesthesia. Ref: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialities, Edition 8, Page - 635