This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Which of the following is seen in 2nd stage of labor: September 2005 
Select and explain. 
A. Expulsion of the fetus, B. Increase in contraction, C. Cervical dilatation, D. All of the above
D: All of the above
Answer: D: All of the above 
Explanation: Ans. D: All of the above Second stage (expulsion) begins when the cervix is fully dilated, and ends when the baby is finally born. At the beginning of the normal second stage, the head is fully engaged in the pelvis; the widest diameter of the head has successfully passed through the pelvic brim. Ideally it has successfully also passed below the interspinous diameter. This is the narrowest pa of the pelvis. The volume of the uterine cavity is reduced and uterine contractions and retraction becomes stronger.