This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Oesophagus, Subject name: ENT
40 yr old with koilonychias, iron deficiency & dysphagia, diagnosis is - 
Select and explain. 
A. Plummer Vinson syndrome, B. Achalasia cardia, C. ZES, D. None
A: Plummer Vinson syndrome
Answer: A: Plummer Vinson syndrome 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Plummer Vinson syndrome Plummer-Vinson syndromeo Plummer-Vinson syndrome, also known as Brown-Kelly-Paterson syndrome or sederopenic dysphagia, seen in middle aged edentulous women.o The plummer Vinsion Paterson Brown Kelly Syndrome is characterized by: -DysphagiaChronic iron deficiency anemiaAtrophic oral mucosa and glossitisBrittle, spoon-shaped fingernails (Koilonychia)o The cause of dysphagia is usually a cervical esophageal web, but abnormal pharyngeal and esophageal motility may play a role.o The syndrome characterstically occurs in middle aged edentulous (without teeth) women, o It is a premalignant lesion. Approximately 10% of patient develop squamous cell Ca of esophagus, oral cavity or the hypopharynx.o As iron-deficiency anemia is a common finding, it is also known as sideropenic dysphagia. o Carcinoma develops in post-cricoid region.