This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Sexually Transmitted Disease in the Female, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
The risk factors of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are the following except 
Select and explain. 
A. Menstruating teenagers who have multiple sex partners, B. IUD users, C. Women with monogamous partner who had vasectomy, D. Previous history of acute PID
C: Women with monogamous partner who had vasectomy
Answer: C: Women with monogamous partner who had vasectomy 
Explanation: Ans. is c, i.e. Women with monogamous partner who had vasectomyRef: Dutta Gynae 6th/ed, pl28KEY POINTSWomen with monogamous partner who had vasectomy is a protective factor for PID and not risk factorRisk factors of PIDProtective factors of PID* Menstruating teenagers.* Multiple sexual partners.* Absence of contraceptive pill use.* Previous history of acute PID.* IUD users.* Area with high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseasesContraceptive practice* Barrier methods, specially condom, diaphragm with spermicides* Oral steroidal contraceptives have got two preventive aspects.- Produce thick mucus plug preventing ascent of sperm and bacterial penetration- Decrease in duration of menstruation, creates a shorter interval of bacterial colonization of the upper tract.* Monogamy or having a partner who had vasectomy.Others* Pregnancy* Menopause* Vaccines: Hepatitis B, HPV