This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
Renal causes of acute renal failure in children include? 
Select and explain. 
A. Minimal change disease, B. Renal amyloidosis, C. Pre-eclampsia, D. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
D: Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Answer: D: Hemolytic uremic syndrome 
Explanation: Ans. is "d' i.e., Hemolytic uremic syndrome Acute renal failure o Acute renal failure (ARF) is a clinical syndrome in which a sudden deterioration in renal function results in the inability of the kidneys to maintain fluid and electrolyte hemostasis. o ARF has been classified into three categories ? 1) Pre-renal ARF (Pre-renal azotemia) Characterized by diminished effective circulatory volume, which leads to inadequate renal perfusion and a decreased GFR. There is no renal parenchymal damage. 2) Intrinsic renal ARF Characterized by renal parenchymal damage, including sustained hypoperfusion / ischemia. 3) Postrenal ARF Characterized by obstruction of urinary tract.