This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Complications Of Anaesthesia, Subject name: Anaesthesia
What is Mendelson syndrome due to: 
Select and explain. 
A. Gastric Dilatation, B. Wrong intubation, C. Tracheal inflammation secondary to intubation, D. Chemical pneumonitis following aspiration
D: Chemical pneumonitis following aspiration
Answer: D: Chemical pneumonitis following aspiration 
Explanation: Ref: Miller text book of Anaesthesia. 6th editionExplanation:Mendelson"s sy ndrome is chemical pneumonitis caused by aspiration during anaesthesia, especially during pregnancy.Pneumonia develops rapidly, and within hours the patient may become tachypnoeic, hypoxic and febrile. There is minimal sputum.Patients are at high risk ifResidual gastric volume of greater than 25ml. withpH of less than 2.5Patients with a high risk should have a rapid sequence induction.High risk is defined as these factorsNon-elective surgical procedureLight anaesthesia/unexpected response to stimulationAcute or chronic, upper or lower GI pathologyObesityOpioid medicationNeurological disease, impaired conscious level, or sedationLi thotomy pos i t ionDifficult intubation/airwayGastrointestinal refluxHiatal hernia