This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: All India exam, Subject name: Pediatrics
Subependymal calcified nodules are seen in 
Select and explain. 
A. Sturge Weber syndrome, B. Tuberous sclerosis, C. Neurofibromatosis type 2, D. Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
B: Tuberous sclerosis
Answer: B: Tuberous sclerosis 
Explanation: Definite Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is diagnosed when at least 2 major or one major plus 2 minor features are presentMajor featuresMinor featuresCoical tuberSubependymal noduleSubependymal giant cell astrocytomaFacial angiofibroma or forehead plaqueUngual or periungual fibroma (non-traumatic)Hypomelanotic macules (>3)Shagreen patchMultiple retinal hamaomasCardiac rhabdomyomaRenal angiomyolipomaPulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosisCerebral white matter migration linesMultiple dental pitsGingival fibromasBone CystsRetinal achromatic patchConfetti skin lesionsNonrenal hamaomasMultiple renal cystsHamaomatous rectal polypsSubependymal nodules are lesions found along the wall of the lateral ventricles where they undergo calcification and project into the ventricular cavity, producing a candle-dripping appearance. These lesions do not cause any problems; however, in 5-10% of cases, these benign lesions can grow into subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs).(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 2877 - 2878)