This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology
All of the following factors normally increase the length of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers, except: 
Select and explain. 
A. Increased venous tone, B. Increased total blood volume, C. Increased negative intrathoracic pressure, D. Lying-to-standing change in posture
D: Lying-to-standing change in posture
Answer: D: Lying-to-standing change in posture 
Explanation: When the person stands from a lying position, there is pooling of blood in the legs. This causes decrease in venous return and decrease in end diastolic volume (and length of ventricular cardiac muscle fibers).