This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Respiratory system, Subject name: Pediatrics
Hyalin emembrane disease presents as 
Select and explain. 
A. Pulmonary edema, B. Hea failure, C. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, D. Pulmonary embolism
C: Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Answer: C: Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
Explanation: In hyaline membrane disease the basic pathology is surfactant defeciency.surfactant is a lipoprotein containing phospholipids like phosphatydylcholine and phosphatydylglycerol. Surfactant is produced by type ll alveolar cells of lungs which helps to reduce surface tension in alveoli,in its absence surface tension increases and alveoli tend to collapse during expiration.During inspiration more negative pressure is needed to keep alveoli patent.There is inadequate oxygenation and increased work for breathing. Ref : ESSENTIAL PEDIATRICS,O.P.GHAI,PG NO:143, 7th edition