This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
Characteristic feature of nephritic syndrome in children - 
Select and explain. 
A. Lipid casts in urine, B. WBC casts in urine, C. RBC casts in urine, D. Albumin in urine
C: RBC casts in urine
Answer: C: RBC casts in urine 
Explanation: Ans. is 'c' i.e., RBC casts in urine Acute nephritic syndrome o Nephritic syndrome is a collection of signs associated with disorders affecting the kidneys, more specifically glomerular disorders and is characterized by haematuria, protenuria, hypeension, edema and oliguria. 1. Haematuria The haematuria is slight giving the urine smok appearance. Erythrocytes are detectable by microscopy or by chemical testing for hemoglobin. Presence of RBC casts in urine is classical feature of nephritic syndrome. 2. Proteinuria Proteinuria is mild (< 3 gm/day) also called nephritic range proteinuria or subnephrotic range proteinuria. Proteinuria is nonselective. Edema --> Usually mild and results from sodium and water retention. Liguria --> Reflects the severity of glomerular involvement. Note ? Edema and proteinuria are not as severe as in nephrotic syndrome.