This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Estrogen deficiency leads to: September 2005 
Select and explain. 
A. Postmenopausal bleeding, B. Decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, C. Osteoporosis, D. Dysmenorrhea
C: Osteoporosis
Answer: C: Osteoporosis 
Explanation: Ans. C: Osteoporosis Estrogen is cardioprotective in nature and hence deficiency of estrogen in postmenopausal phase increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Osteoporosis: The most impoant risk factors for osteoporosis are : Advanced age (in both men and women) and female sex; Estrogen deficiency following menopause is correlated with a rapid reduction in bone mineral density, while in men a decrease in testosterone levels has a comparable (but less pronounced) effect