This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia
Which local anesthetic causes vasoconstriction – a) Cocaineb) Lidocainec) Bupivacained) Procaine 
Select and explain. 
A. ac, B. bc, C. ad, D. b
A: ac
Answer: A: ac 
Explanation: All LAs are vasodilators except cocaine. Cocaine causes vasoconstriction.

"Ropivacaine and bupivacaine also cause vasoconstriction". 
─ Goodman & Gilman