This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Epidemiology, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine
Factors which is associated both with exsposure and disease is called - 
Select and explain. 
A. Confounding factor, B. Risk factor, C. Proximal risk factor, D. case
A: Confounding factor
Answer: A: Confounding factor 
Explanation: Confounding factor is defined as one which is associated both with exposure and disease and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. More specifically a confounding factor is one that although associated with exposure under investigation is itself independently of any such association, such as a risk factor for the disease. (refer pgno 72, park 23 rd edition)