This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Urology, Subject name: Surgery
Alpha feto protein is increased in 
Select and explain. 
A. Hepatoblastoma, B. Neuroblastoma, C. Seminoma, D. Renal cell carcinoma
A: Hepatoblastoma
Answer: A: Hepatoblastoma 
Explanation: Alpha fetoprotein AFP is a normal component of plasma protein of the fetus secreted by yolk sac and embryonal hepatocytes(fetal liver) which usually reduces after bih and persists as a low value level. Normal value is upto 10 ng/ml. It is an impoant tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (100-1000 ng/ml). It also increases in non seminomatous testicular tumours, hepatoblastoma and some ovarian tumours(yolk sac tumours). It also increases in benign conditions (<100 ng/ml). It is useful in diagnosing omphalocele, ataxia telengiectasia, neural tube defects. Reference : page 594 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition