This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine
All of the following are used for treatment of hyperkalaemia except : 
Select and explain. 
A. Calcium gluconate, B. Sodium bicarbonate, C. Intravenous infusion of glucose with insulin, D. Beta blockers
D: Beta blockers
Answer: D: Beta blockers 
Explanation: Answer is D (Beta blocker) Beta blockers have no role in management of hyperkalemia Parenteral or Nebulrized Beta 2 agonist may be useful by promoting cellular uptake of IC . Calcium gluconate provides cardiac protection by decreasing membrane excitability, white Insulin and Sodium bicarbonate decrease plasma IC concentration by shifting IC+ into cells.