This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia
Contraindication of bag and mask ventilation are all of the following except: March 2009 
Select and explain. 
A. Tracheo-esophageal fistula, B. Hiatus hernia, C. Pregnancy, D. Empty stomach
D: Empty stomach
Answer: D: Empty stomach 
Explanation: Ans. D: Empty Stomach Bag-mask ventilation can produce gastric inflation with complications, including regurgitation, aspiration, and pneumonia. Conditions predisposing to aspiration are: Full stomach patients Hiatus hernia, pregnancy Intestinal obstruction Tracheo-esophageal fistula Meconium aspiration syndrome Gastric inflation can elevate the diaphragm, restrict lung movement, and decrease respiratory system compliance