This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
Dumping syndrome occur due to: 
Select and explain. 
A. Diarrhea, B. Presence of hypeonic content in small intestine, C. Vagotomy, D. Reduced gastric capacity
B: Presence of hypeonic content in small intestine
Answer: B: Presence of hypeonic content in small intestine 
Explanation: Dumping syndrome refers to a constellation of postprandial symptoms occurring due to accelerated emptying (dumping) of hyperosmolar stomach contents into the small bowel. It is usually seen in operations which destroy the pyloric sphincter ( i.e gastrectomy, antrectomy and drainage procedures). It also affects a small percentage of patients with highly selective vagotomy due to loss of receptive relaxation of stomach. Remember: Dumping syndrome is also known as post-cibal syndrome. Ref: Bailey & Love 24/e, Page 1043 ; Schwaz 9/e, page 942.