This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: General pathology, Subject name: Pathology
IL-1 is activated by 
Select and explain. 
A. Caspase 1, B. Caspase 3, C. Caspase 5, D. Caspase 8
A: Caspase 1
Answer: A: Caspase 1 
Explanation: * Pyroptosis is associated with release of cytokine IL 1 * Microbial products that enter the cytoplasm of the cell are recognised by cytoplasmic immune receptors and activates a multiprotein complex called INFLAMMASOME * Inflammasome will activate CASPASE 1 (also called Interleukin 1 beta conveing enzyme) and releases the active form of IL 1 * Several NORs (NOD like receptor) signal INFLAMMASOME * Gain of function in NLR can cause periodic fever syndromes called AUTO INFLAMMATORY SYNDROMES * They respond to IL-1 antagonists * IL 1 activates fibroblasts to synthesize collagen and stimulates the proliferation of mesenchymal cells * IL 1 also stimulates Th17 responses * Initiator caspase in Intrinsic pathway of apoptosis - IL 9 * Initiator caspase in Entrinsic pathway of apoptosis - IL 8, 10 * Executioner caspase of apoptosis IL 3 & IL 7 Ref:- Robbins Basic Pathology 9th Edition; Pg num:- 59,86,188