This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology
Toxins are implicated the major pathogenic mechanism in all of the following bacterial diarrheas except: 
Select and explain. 
A. Vibrio cholerae, B. Shigella sp, C. Vibrio parahemolyticus, D. Staphylococcus aureus
C: Vibrio parahemolyticus
Answer: C: Vibrio parahemolyticus 
Explanation: Ans. (c) Vibrio parahemolyticus Ref. Harrison 17/e, p 814, 18/e, p 1084, 19/e, p 266 Non-inflammatory (Enterotoxin) mediated acute diarrhoeas are: Vibrio cholera Clostridium perfringens S. aureus Plesiomonas shigelloides Rota virus Enteric adenoviruses Cyclospora sp ETEC (LT or ST) Bacillus cereus Aeromonas hydrophila Norwalk like viruses Girdia lamblia Cryptosporidium Microsporidia