This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology
The nitrates which can undergo the ﬁrst-pass metabolism: 
Select and explain. 
A. Nitroglycerine, B. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C. Isosorbide dinitrate, D. All of the above
D: All of the above
Answer: D: All of the above 
Explanation: Organic nitrates are lipid-soluble: well absorbed from buccal mucosa, intestines and skin. Ingested orally, all except isosorbide mononitrate undergo extensive and variable first pass metabolism in liver.They are rapidly denitrated by a glutathione reductase and a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogcnase.
 
Reference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD TRIPATHI page no 587