This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
Hereditary spherocytosis is caused by mutations in: 
Select and explain. 
A. Ankyrin, B. Band 3, C. Spectrin, D. All of the above
D: All of the above
Answer: D: All of the above 
Explanation: Hereditary spherocytosis is caused by diverse mutations that lead to an insufficiency of membrane skeletal components. The pathogenic mutations most commonly affect ankyrin, band 3, spectrin, or band 4.2, the proteins involved in the first of the two tethering interactions, presumably because this complex is paicularly impoant in stabilizing the lipid bilayer. Ref: Robbins 8th edition Chapter 14.