This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
The peripheral blood smear of a patient shows features of thalasemia, also presented with anaemia. Family history is also +ve. The investigation done to establish the diagnosis is - 
Select and explain. 
A. ESR estimation, B. Blood spherocyte estimation, C. Bone marrow aspiration, D. Hb-electrophoresis
D: Hb-electrophoresis
Answer: D: Hb-electrophoresis 
Explanation: Ans. is d i.e., Hb - Electrophoresis o Hemoglobin electrophoresis should always be the first investigation to include/exclude the diagnosis of thalasemia. o The level of normal adult hemoglobin HbA is markedly decreased with propoionate increase in HbA2 and HbF. X-ray findings in thalassemia Crew cut appearance Hair on end appearance