This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia
Which of the following surgical incisions is associated with the highest risk of postoperative pulmonary complications ? 
Select and explain. 
A. Vertical laparotomy, B. Horizontal laparotomy, C. Lateral thoracotomy, D. Median sternotomy
A: Vertical laparotomy
Answer: A: Vertical laparotomy 
Explanation: Incidence of pulmonary complications (in decreasing order) :- Upper abdominal incision (maximum) > Lateral thoracotomy = Subcostal incision > Median sternotomies > Lower abdominal incision.
Vertical incision has more pulmonary complications than horizontal incision.
So, high abdominal laprotomy with vertical incision will have maximum pulmonary complications.