This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) can cause: 
Select and explain. 
A. Barotrauma, B. Pleural effusion, C. Pulmonary edema, D. None of the above
A: Barotrauma
Answer: A: Barotrauma 
Explanation: Cardiovascular impairment and direct effect of pressure on lung tissue are some of the complications of positive intrathoracic pressure. Barotrauma manifests as subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, or pneumomediastinum. Ref: Clinical Intensive Care and Acute Medicine, Ken Hillman, Gillian Bishop, Pages 377-378 ; Harrison's Principle of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page1599