This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: All India exam, Subject name: Physiology
In which of the following condition there are congenital anomalies of the middle ear? 
Select and explain. 
A. Tuner syndrome, B. Down syndrome, C. Klinefelter syndrome, D. Alpo syndrome
B: Down syndrome
Answer: B: Down syndrome 
Explanation: Congenital anomalies of the middle ear may be associated with other general congenital deformities. There are a number of branchial arch syndromes, e.g. Pierre Robin's craniofacial dysostosis, Down's and Treacher Collins' syndromes. If there is an external ear abnormality it should raise suspicion of an underlying middle ear deformity. Middle ear deformity can be assessed by high-resolution CT scanning, if the inner ear is normal, reconstructive surgery of the middle ear can be successful.