This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Urinary Tract, Subject name: Pediatrics
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis causes - 
Select and explain. 
A. Nephritic syndrome, B. Primary Nephrotic syndrome, C. Secondary Nephrotic syndrome, D. Chronic renal failure
A: Nephritic syndrome
Answer: A: Nephritic syndrome 
Explanation: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nephritic syndrome Causes of acute nephritic syndrome in children are :1) Primary glomerulonephritis : Acute glumerulonephritis (post-streptococcal), RPGN, MPGN, focal GN and IgA nephropathy2) Systemic diseases : SLE, PAN Wegner's granulomatosis, HSP, cryoglobulinemia.Post streptococcal glomerulonephritiso PSGN appears 1 to 4 weeks after a streptococcal infection of pharynx or skin (impetigo). It is caused by certain nephritogenic serotypes of group A -hemolytic streptococcus (not by all serotypes)o The lesions are caused by immune complex deposition and activation of complement complement level decreaseso It occurs most frequently in children 6 to 10 years of ago Clinically child presents with acute nephritic syndrome :i) Hematuriaii) Oliguric acute renal failureiii) Azotemiaiv) Proteinuriav) Hypertensionvi) Edemao PSGN causes acute renal failure, but not chronic renal failure more than 95% of affected children eventually recover totally with conservative therapy.