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virtue ethics | ethical theory that takes a person’s character as central | utilitarianism | 9,964 |
Psychological continuity theory of personal identity | The view that the connection of one’s mental modes ground one’s identity through time | Continuous Psychology | 4,018 |
preference | ordinal utility representation | unconscious desire | 6,036 |
is contingently false | is a contingent falsehood | The Golden Rule | 11,264 |
Instrumentalism | Possible worlds are not real but instrumental | The study of instruments | 6,273 |
Modus Tollens | If A then B, Not B, therefore not A | simplistic | 8,074 |
fallibilism | true beliefs cannot be decisively justified or proven | fallible reasoning | 235 |
axiom of choice | well ordering theorem | linear order | 1,885 |
form | idea | feeling | 7,718 |
metaphysics | ontology | belief | 9,971 |
Thrownness | The social, cultural, bodily, temporal, spatial and other conditions in which we find our existence | The measure of force of throwing an object towards other | 8,268 |
creationism | Christian literalism as against evolution | creativity | 9,182 |
Object | Thing | Property | 5,137 |
Darwinian evolution | survival of the fittest | the selfish gene | 9,892 |
whole is greater than the sum of its parts | Gestalt psychology | geometry | 8,832 |
presentism | only the present moment exists | process philosophy | 8,298 |
pragmatism | family of philosophical views emphasising practical origins and application of concepts | ability to employ a pragmatic policy | 1,154 |
Norm-expressivism | Gibbard's non-cognitivism | Emotivism | 3,803 |
spinoza's conatus doctrine | each thing strives to preserve in its own being | striving | 3,626 |
a definite description | a description that is satisfied by a unique object | a necessarily true description | 5,175 |
if every truth can be known, every truth is known | what is knowable is true | every truth that can be known is known | 10,149 |
Categorical property | Non-dispositional property | Categorial property | 7,590 |
metaphysics | ontology | fundamental physics | 10,417 |
Lie group | Smooth manifold with a compatible group structure | Lie algebra | 6,748 |
Radical Constructivism | Knowledge is actively built by individuals through their interactions with the world and their interpretations of those experiences. | Innate Knowledge | 5,030 |
a prison formulated by the late utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham for ensuring that prisoners were constantly watched | The Panopticon | an algorithm formulated by the late utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham for calculating the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action | 3,860 |
Good action | Right action | Pleasant action | 7,333 |
Subject | Person | Topic | 5,149 |
one-boxer | someone who applies a decision rule that says that one should take exactly the intransparent box in Newcomb's paradox | someone who enjoys one-on-one fist fights | 782 |
Substrate independence | Multiple Realizability | Functionalism | 2,127 |
conceivability argument | it is conceivable that all physical facts occur without phenomenal consciousness occurring | knowledge argument | 8,251 |
Panexperientialism | Panpsychism | Panqualityism | 10,257 |
felicitous | appropriate | successful | 1,968 |
Analytic statements | Grammatical statements in Wittgenstein | Statements that break down or analyse more complex statements | 4,370 |
the first representation theorem | the Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem | the first depiction theorem | 5,349 |
Induction | Inferring claims about what will happen in the future from claims about what has happened in the past. | Induce | 9,595 |
Animalism | Each of us is a human organism | The study of animals | 6,306 |
contraposition | if a statement implies another, then the negation of the second statement implies the negation of the first | negation | 9,669 |
Morality | Ethics | justice | 10,864 |
counterpart | the person most like you in a different possible world | your friend | 442 |
epiphenomenalism | the view that mental effects have physical causes but do not have physical effects | epic phenomenology | 3,634 |
Causality | cause and effect | physics | 10,045 |
propositional logic | sentential logic | suggestive thinking | 11,766 |
The Euthyphro dilemma | The dilemma of whether good things are good by virtue of being loved by the gods or whether the gods love them because they are good | Intensionality | 3,717 |
Middle Knowledge | Concept invented by Luis de Molina whereby God knows counterfactuals of creaturely freedom | Knowledge in a given domain of inquiry that is at an intermediate level of difficulty to acquire | 10,713 |
contradictory propositions cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time | Law of noncontradiction | The experience of phenomenal cookery is a central topic in culinary arts. | 10,542 |
Circular definition | The definiendum appears in the definiens | Recursive definition | 9,432 |
The Thing-In-Itself | Noumena | linguistic term for noun | 7,204 |
Being justified in believing | Doxastic justification | Having justification to believe | 900 |
infinite | has no beginning and no end | long | 6,562 |
Leibniz's cosmological argument | Principle of sufficient reason argument | Ontological argument | 11,023 |
epistemic injustice | testimonial injustice | educational injustice | 2,621 |
personhood | the moral status of persons | personality | 6,434 |
Present-aim theory | The theory that says that what you ought to do is aim to satisfy what you currently desire most. | Presentism | 6,897 |
tropes | metaphysical view in which reality is made up of particular instances that resemble each other | genre conventions | 3,967 |
idealism | The doctrine that reality or knowledge is founded on ideas | The theory that humanity should be guided by a standard of perfection | 8,759 |
Welfarism | The view that all and only well-being has non-instrumental value. | Welfare | 729 |
according to X, the absence of constraints is not sufficient for freedom | according to X, freedom is more than the absence of constraints | AI is not smart | 10,143 |
contextualism about gender | the view that the extensions of the concepts "man" and "woman" can differ by context | the view that being a man or a woman is about being a part of a certain social context | 2,900 |
Experimental philosophy | An empirical research program in philosophy | Avant-garde philosophy | 1,193 |
Anthropocentrism | The that view that all and only human interests have non-instrumental value. | Anthropic principle | 1,138 |
induction | statistical inference | deduction | 2,653 |
being-for-itself | consciousness | brain | 8,339 |
metaphysically possible | possible in the broadest sense | physically possible | 2,860 |
memory criterion | the notion of memory being a condition for personal identity | cognitive faculties | 9,050 |
My experience has satisfaction conditions. | There are conditions for my experience to be veridical or illusory. | There are conditions for my experience as a customer to be positive. | 7,672 |
is a contingent truth | is contingently true | globalism | 11,263 |
Demand | Quantity desired | Supply | 5,682 |
imaginary number | complex number | made up number | 11,408 |
double turnstile | models | big gate | 5,612 |
the complement of a set A | the set of all elements that are not members of A | the commendation of a set A | 1,463 |
Epistemology | Theory of knowledge | Knowledge | 938 |
Cultural Relativism | Understanding cultures based on their own values and beliefs | Ethnocentrism | 4,852 |
Agents respond to their evidence | Agents respond to their epistemic reasons | Agents listen to others | 164 |
weakness of will | akrasia | lacking willpower | 5,935 |
Epistemic Consequentialism | the view that one ought to believe what is conducive to epistemic value | the epistemology of consequentialist ethics | 5,764 |
Hannah Arendt's Model of Action | active citizenship | voting | 4,933 |
A-consciousness | access consciousness | one conciousness | 7,767 |
claim to objectivity | assumed universality | impartial demand | 7,151 |
Plutarch of Athens | a Greek philosopher and Neoplatonist who taught in Athens at the beginning of the 5th century | Heraclitus | 4,170 |
This is analytically true | This is true by definition | This is true by conceptual precision | 1,591 |
anarcho-primitivism | a political position advocating anarchy and a return to a more "primitive", pre-technological way of living | primitive notion | 8,503 |
Proof by contradiction | Reductio ad absurdum | Proof by induction | 6,833 |
constructive empiricism | van Fraassen’s anti-realist view of science | useful empiricism | 2,913 |
Determinism is true. | If we were to return the universe to exactly the same state as before, it would end up in exactly the same state as it is today. | Everything is predictable. | 7,810 |
Intension | Meaning | Intention | 4,932 |
do these objects compose? | do these objects form a new object? | do these objects generate music together? | 6,439 |
first incompleteness theorem | no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed is capable of proving all truths about natural numbers | completeness | 4,636 |
Illusionism | Consciousness does not exist. | Consciousness, as we conceive it, does not exist. | 4,954 |
constitutive rules | a set of rules about when does X count as Y in a context | rules that make up something | 10,392 |
Phronesis | Practical Wisdom | Prudential Thinking | 4,404 |
essence | nature | universe | 4,481 |
Collective identity | Group identity | Individual identity | 8,322 |
medicalisation | disease mongering | McDonaldization | 4,493 |
ontological arguments | a priori reasons for God's existence based on the concept (or the mere possibility) of God | debates between ontologists | 6,976 |
Achille's heel | Weak spot | The heel of the bread | 7,479 |
genetic drift | a chance (or probabilistic or statistical) element within population genetics | genetic fallacy | 9,296 |
sylvan's box | a box that is both empty and has a figure inside of it | a box owned by a woodland creature | 3,133 |
perspectival | incommensurable | perspective | 700 |
The interior citadel | A stoic metaphor for strong moral character | A city in the soul of a person | 1,146 |