anchor
stringlengths 2
150
| positive
stringlengths 2
150
| negative
stringlengths 2
150
| __index_level_0__
int64 0
11.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|
Consequentialism | Only outcomes matter in evaluating moral actions | Consequences are superfluous | 11,792 |
Contractualism | View that moral rightness is determined by actual or hypothetical social | The view that contracts and promises are morally and legally binding | 6,218 |
fixed point thesis | rational agents are not mistaken about what rationality requires | Banach theorem, Brower theorem, Nielsen theorem, and so forth | 11,260 |
happiness, pleasure, goodness | moral outcomes | McDonalds and other food marketing terms | 10,024 |
X supervenes on Y | Y covaries with X | X causes Y | 78 |
Epiphenomenalism | About mental events, that they can have physical causes but no physical effects | Mental phenomena can be understood causally without bracketing | 8,984 |
phenomena | appearance | reality | 2,450 |
Trolley problem | An ethical thought experiment | A faulty tram | 1,325 |
consequentialist | bentham | kant | 8,797 |
human flourishing | happiness | human development | 6,343 |
Phenomenology | The subjective experience of consciousness | Cognitive Science | 2,025 |
what there is | what exists | what about it | 11,588 |
phenomenological | experiential | sporting phenomenon | 296 |
conjunction introduction | iff we have two separate statements, P and Q, then we can form the conjunction "P and Q" | conjunction | 9,674 |
process | becoming | dialectic | 7,997 |
unobservable | theoretical entity | indiscernible | 8,904 |
sum | add | conjoin | 458 |
Countable infinite set | A set for which there is one-one mapping with the natural numbers | Am the ability to count infinite sets | 7,816 |
expressivism | quasi-realism | nothingness | 9,525 |
empirical | grounded in experience | quantifiable | 10,915 |
a biological law | a universal generalization offered in biological science | a legal statute concerning living things | 6,090 |
Disjunctivism | Nothing in common between mere appearance and veridical perception | Indeterminism | 5,382 |
Justified | Warranted | Correct | 1,263 |
qualia | subjective experience | feeling | 1,906 |
The will according to Schopenhauer. | Objectless striving. | The will to power according to Schopenhauer's fan, Nietzsche. | 10,452 |
desiring, wishing, hoping | conative states | romantic states | 6,363 |
logicism | the view that maths is reducible to logic | being logical | 1,793 |
emergentist | the view that the mental is an comes out of the interactions in an underlying physical substrate | Emergency | 3,375 |
land ethic | how humans ought to regard the land | environmentalism | 9,330 |
Linear map | Vector space homomorphism | Affine linear map | 6,882 |
a conceptual scheme | a set of interrelated concepts through which an agent gains cognitive access to various aspects of reality | a plan to defraud people | 1,834 |
Happiness of the greatest number | Utilitarianism | Happiness is a school | 11,750 |
thought | idea | mind | 2,061 |
Infinitism | Justified beliefs involve a never-ending chain of justifiers | Time has no beginning or end | 3,624 |
a proper part of an object | a part of an object that is not the object itself | a genuine part of an object | 2,691 |
Presentism | The view that only the present exists | The view that there is no time like the present to get things done | 1,396 |
consciousness | what it's like | conscientious | 9,272 |
neural net | connectionist net | fishing net | 11,610 |
communism | A theoretical system of social organization and a political movement based on common ownership of the means of production | a pejorative term as part of a Red Scare | 8,732 |
Prioritarian | Type of consequentialism | First in line | 10,017 |
external relation | a relation that doesn't supervene on the intrinsic properties of objects | relation to a thing other than itself | 321 |
Intentionality | Aboutness | Purposeful action | 5,040 |
The view that propositions about mental states are merely propositions about behavior and behavioral dispositions | Analytical behaviorism | Psychological behaviorism | 10,906 |
political authority | right to rule | politician | 11,304 |
ceteris paribus | without introducing a new set of factors | mutatis mutandis | 5,387 |
Principle of Sufficient Reason | everything must have a reason or cause | Sufficient, reasonable principles | 7,323 |
reasons for action | normative reason | action explanation | 97 |
principle of explosion | from falsehood anything follows | the principle that if there is bomb in a scene, it will explode | 2,001 |
belief state | doxastic state | religious state | 1,444 |
Veil of perception | We don’t directly see objects, just our sense data. | Mist of sensation | 6,277 |
Russellian proposition | Structured proposition | marriage proposal | 11,432 |
Extension | Linguistic reference | Length | 5,329 |
Epistemic justification | Rational warrant | Legal permit | 7,369 |
Situation | Circumstances | Place | 6,555 |
inductive inference | probable inference | inductive stove | 1,031 |
Constitutive rule of assertion | The rule that an act is assertion only if it satisfies a certain condition | The assertion rule in the constitution | 4,399 |
extension | all the objects that exemplify the property | making an object longer than it originally was | 6,410 |
speech act | an utterance that performs an action | speech | 4,768 |
monotheism | only one God exists | polytheism | 8,258 |
Aristotelian Naturalism | Natural Goodness | Absolute Goodness | 1,173 |
The standard meter | An example of a contingent a priori | Almost The standard yard | 6,618 |
theological voluntarism | divine command theory | volunteering at religious places | 3,147 |
Corresponding conditional | A method of testing for validity in arguments using the conjunction of the premises as the antecedent and the conclusion as a consequent | A method for testing what people will say under different circumstances | 3,148 |
David Chalmers | Author of "The Conscious Mind" | David Bourget | 10,874 |
parsimony | simplicity | frugal | 3,173 |
Tropes | Moments | Universals | 867 |
Nihilism | Rejection of meaning | antinatalism | 2,513 |
AI safety | questions of how to get artificial intelligence to perform efficiently and ethically | how to be safe when the terminator ruins the world | 3,968 |
separation between the spheres of justice | status in one area has no bearing on other areas | distributive justice | 3,973 |
Phenomenal intentionalism | Phenomenal intentionality theory | Amazing intentions | 37 |
montaigne | philosopher who believed learning through experience is better than through books | dewey | 11,213 |
begs the question | circular reasoning | raises the question | 1,981 |
anomalous monism | non-reduction about the mind | unusual unity | 816 |
Dialectic | Hegelianism | Dialect | 7,283 |
cogito ergo sum | I think therefore I am | Cartesian doubt | 10,136 |
Naturalism | Science is the only way to acquire knowledge | Likes to be in touch with nature | 9,481 |
Non-cognitivism | The view that ethical sentences are neither true nor false | The view that cognitive faculties are flawed | 4,789 |
Maieutic method | Leading by questioning | Midwifery | 6,078 |
Hedonism | Henry Sidgwick is a hedonist and he defends the view in his The Methods of Ethics. | Hedonic tone | 7,920 |
Justification | Epistemic Warrant | practical normativity | 4,921 |
Abduction | Inferring the most likely explanation for an observation | Induction | 4,719 |
soul | anima | cognition | 8,217 |
Kripke | semantic externalism | baptism | 5,954 |
Variabilism | Contextual sensitivity | Truth values vary from speaker to speaker | 110 |
Argument from contingency (Leibniz) | Contingency argument for God's existence | Argument from evil | 11,024 |
Indefinite extensibility | Any definite characterization of the concept is such that there is a natural extension that yields a more inclusive concept | Has a proper class, instead of a set, as its extension | 6,230 |
Begging the question | Circular reasoning | Red herring | 9,137 |
Logical form | Argument structure | Formal logic | 680 |
Intentionality | Aboutness | Intention | 9,297 |
colonialism | imperialist domination | settling in colonies | 3,672 |
The banality of evil | The sad fact that it doesn't require fanatics to do horrible things | Hannah Arendt's observation that Adolf Eichmann's fanaticism was not in itself evil | 1,498 |
propositional logic | sentential calculus | predicate logic | 3,080 |
compassion | sympathy | pity | 3,700 |
Bee remember where their hive is | Bees have a sense of direction | Bees collect empirical data | 9,883 |
A priori | When something doesn't depend on experience for its justificatory force | Sometime that happened before another thing | 526 |
Theory of Justice | Rawlsian | Justifications | 11,735 |
fuzzy logic | many-valued logic | fuzzy set | 4,597 |
Agent causation | Immanent causation | Permanent causation | 5,212 |
Arthritis in the thigh | A condition it is logically impossible to have | A medical condition that can cause severe joint pain and eventually be crippling | 1,647 |
Original position | Imaginary situation before a society's principle has been decided | The initial position an object occupies, before any force has been applied to it to cause acceleration. An important concept in philosophy of physics | 3,239 |