README.md

---
license: cc0-1.0
task_categories:
- image-segmentation
tags:
- medical
pretty_name: S-SYNTH
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---
# S-SYNTH
<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->
S-SYNTH is an open-source, flexible skin simulation framework to rapidly generate synthetic skin models and images using digital rendering of an anatomically inspired multi-layer, multi-component skin and growing lesion model. It allows for generation of highly-detailed 3D skin models and digitally rendered synthetic images of diverse human skin tones, with full control of underlying parameters and the image formation process.

## Framework Details
S-SYNTH can be used to generate synthetic skin images with annotations (including segmentation masks) with variations of:
  * Hair artifact
  * Blood fraction
  * Lesion shape
  * Melanosome fraction
  * Sample per pixel (for rendering)
  * Lighting condition

<p align="center">
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DIDSR/ssynth-release/main/images/variation.png" width="700">
</p>

### Framework Description

<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->

- **Curated by:** [Andrea Kim](https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreakim91), [Niloufar Saharkhiz](https://www.linkedin.com/in/niloufar-saharkhiz/), [Elena Sizikova](https://esizikova.github.io/), [Miguel Lago](https://www.linkedin.com/in/milaan/), [Berkman Sahiner](https://www.linkedin.com/in/berkman-sahiner-6aa9a919/), [Jana Delfino](https://www.linkedin.com/in/janadelfino/), [Aldo Badano](https://www.linkedin.com/in/aldobadano/)
- **License:** Creative Commons 1.0 Universal License (CC0)

### Dataset Sources

<!-- Provide the basic links for the dataset. -->

- **Paper:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00191](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00191)
- **Code:** [https://github.com/DIDSR/ssynth-release](https://github.com/DIDSR/ssynth-release)
- **Data:** [https://huggingface.co/datasets/didsr/ssynth_data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/didsr/ssynth_data)

## Uses

<!-- Address questions around how the dataset is intended to be used. -->

S-SYNTH is intended to facilitate augment limited patient datasets and identify AI performance trends by generating synthetic skin data.

### Direct Use

<!-- This section describes suitable use cases for the dataset. -->

S-SYNTH can be used to evaluate comparative AI performance trends in dermatologic analysis tasks, estimating the effect skin appearance, such as skin color, presence of hair, lesion shape, and blood fraction on AI performance in lesion segmentation. 
S-SYNTH can be used to mitigate effects of mislabeled examples and limitations of a limited patient dataset.
S-SYNTH can be used to either train or test pre-trained AI models.

### Out-of-Scope Use

<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the dataset will not work well for. -->

S-SYNTH cannot be used in lieu of real patient examples to make performance determinations.

## Dataset Structure

<!-- This section provides a description of the dataset fields, and additional information about the dataset structure such as criteria used to create the splits, relationships between data points, etc. -->

S-SYNTH is organized into a directory structure that indicates the parameters. The folder
```
data/synthetic_dataset/output_10k/output/skin_[SKIN_MODEL_ID]/hairModel_[HAIR_MODEL_ID]/mel_[MELANOSOME_FRACTION]/fB_[BLOOD_FRACTION]/lesion_[LESION_ID]/T_[TIMEPOINT]/[LESION_MATERIAL]/hairAlb_[HAIR_ALBEDO]/light_[LIGHT_NAME]/ROT[LESION_ROTATION_VECTOR]_[RANDOM_ANGLE]/
```
contains image files and paired segmentation masks with the specified parameters.

```
$ tree data/synthetic_dataset/output_10k/output/skin_099/hairModel_098/mel_0.47/fB_0.05/lesion_9/T_050/HbO2x1.0Epix0.25/hairAlb_0.84-0.6328-0.44/light_hospital_room_4k/ROT0-0-1_270/

data/synthetic_dataset/output_10k/output/skin_099/hairModel_098/mel_0.47/fB_0.05/lesion_9/T_050/HbO2x1.0Epix0.25/hairAlb_0.84-0.6328-0.44/light_hospital_room_4k/ROT0-0-1_270/
├── mask.png
├── image.png
├── cropped_mask.png
├── cropped_mask.png
└── crop_size.txt
```
Each folder contains two versions (cropped and uncropped) of a paired skin image and lesion segmentation mask. The images were cropped to ensure a variety of lesion size. The crop size is provided within the crop_size.txt file.  

The accompanying data can be either directly downloaded, or accessed using the following HF data loader:
```
from datasets import load_dataset
data_test = load_dataset("didsr/ssynth_data", split="output_10k")
print(data_test)
```

## Bias, Risks, and Limitations

<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->

Simulation-based testing is constrained to the parameter variability represented in the object model and the acquisition system. 
There is a risk of misjudging model performance if the simulated examples do not capture the variability in real patients. Please
see the paper for a full discussion of biases, risks, and limitations.

## How to use it

The data presented is intended to demonstrate the types of variations that the S-SYNTH skin model can simulate. The associated pre-generated datasets can be used for augmenting
limited real patient training datasets for skin segmentation tasks.

## Citation
```
@article{kim2024ssynth,
  title={Knowledge-based in silico models and dataset for the comparative evaluation of mammography AI for a range of breast characteristics, lesion conspicuities and doses},
  author={Kim, Andrea and Saharkhiz, Niloufar and Sizikova, Elena and Lago, Miguel, and Sahiner, Berkman and Delfino, Jana G., and Badano, Aldo},
  journal={International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI)},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2024}
}
```

## Related Links
1. [Virtual Imaging Clinical Trial for Regulatory Evaluation (VICTRE)](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/science-and-research-medical-devices/victre-silico-breast-imaging-pipeline).
2. [FDA Catalog of Regulatory Science Tools to Help Assess New Medical Devices](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/science-and-research-medical-devices/catalog-regulatory-science-tools-help-assess-new-medical-devices).