Datasets:

gallifantjack

/

pubmed_abstracts_2020

like 0

Lenferink, Lonneke I M

Humans; Life Change Events; Loneliness; Psychopathology; Stress Disorders, Traumatic

Toward a Better Understanding of Psychological Symptoms in People Confronted With the Disappearance of a Loved One: A Systematic Review.

The disappearance of a loved one is claimed to be the most stressful type of loss. The present review explores the empirical evidence relating to this claim. Specifically, it summarizes studies exploring the prevalence and correlates of psychological symptoms in relatives of missing persons as well as studies comparing levels of psychopathology in relatives of the disappeared and the deceased.

Isobel, Sophie

Family Relations; Historical Trauma; Humans; Psychological Trauma

Psychological Trauma in the Context of Familial Relationships: A Concept Analysis.

Many forms of psychological trauma are known to develop interpersonally within important relationships, particularly familial. Within the varying theoretical constructs of psychological traumas, and distinct from the processes of diagnosis, there is a need to refine the scope and definitions of psychological traumas that occur within important familial relationships to ensure a cohesive evidence base and fidelity of the concept in application to practice. This review used a philosophical inquiry methodology of concept analysis to identify the definitions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of the varying conceptualizations of psychological trauma occurring within important relationships. Interactions between concepts of interpersonal trauma, relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma, complex trauma, cumulative trauma, and intergenerational trauma are presented. Understanding of the discrete forms and pathways of transmission of psychological trauma between individuals, including transgenerationally within families, creates opportunities for prevention and early intervention within trauma-focused practice. This review found that concepts of psychological trauma occurring within familial relationships are not exclusive of each other but overlap in their encompassment of events and circumstances as well as the effect on individuals of events in the short term and long term. These traumas develop and are transmitted in the space between people, both purposefully and incidentally, and have particularly profound effects when they involve a dependent infant or child. Linguistic and conceptual clarity is paramount for trauma research and practice.

Orpin, Joy

Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Nigeria; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prevalence; Sex Offenses

The Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Systematic Review.

To identify, appraise, and synthesize research evidence on the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among pregnant women in Nigeria.

McKee, Shari A

Crime Victims; Criminals; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Mental Health Services; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Substance-Related Disorders

Co-Occurring Substance Use, PTSD, and IPV Victimization: Implications for Female Offender Services.

The co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women who have been the victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) is complex and causal associations cannot be assumed. Although the presence of co-occurring disorders among IPV victims is a well-established research finding, there is a need for improved understanding of their prevalence and related mental health treatment requirements among female offenders. We review research indicating that service providers working with IPV victims can expect to encounter women with extensive concurrent problems and examine evidence for integrated treatment for SUD, PTSD, and IPV. We propose an outline for assessing and treating SUD and PTSD among female offenders who have experienced IPV victimization. We intend this review to build on previous calls in the co-occurring disorders literature and help integrate the research and treatment evaluation literatures in a way that points to practical implications for policy and practice in female offender services.

Hooker, Leesa

Adolescent; Australia; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Prevalence; Rural Population; Sex Offenses; Suburban Population; Young Adult

Violence Against Young Women in Non-urban Areas of Australia: A Scoping Review.

Violence against women is globally prevalent and harmful to women's health and well-being. Younger women are at higher risk of abuse, especially those from non-urban areas who may face specific barriers to disclosure and support. The aim of this review was to map the breadth and nature of the "violence against women" literature particular to young non-urban Australian women and identify research gaps to inform future research with young people. A comprehensive scoping review methodology, as outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, was adopted. English language, peer-reviewed articles were identified from five databases between January 2000 and July 2015. Grey literature was also examined. Inclusion criteria for the review included young women (15-24 years) from non-urban areas of Australia. Twenty-four full-text articles were included in this review. Themes identified include prevalence and type of abuse, experiences and response to violence, and the consequences of abuse. Recommendations from the review which are relevant to a global audience include the need for improved service access, improved data collection on the prevalence of violence, and a focus on more research with young women in non-urban areas. There is limited research on violence against young women living in non-urban areas of Australia. Evidence to date consists of predominantly quantitative data generated from general population surveys. There is a lack of qualitative research on this topic, and we argue that more is needed to gain a better understanding of the violence that young women experience.

Bowen, Erica

Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Attitude of Health Personnel; Child; Crime Victims; Family; Female; Help-Seeking Behavior; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Qualitative Research

The Prevalence and Correlates of Partner Violence Used and Experienced by Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Call to Action.

It has been suggested that individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at increased risk of violence perpetration and victimization. A systematic review was undertaken to identify and critically evaluate the existing empirical research concerning the use and experience of partner violence by adults with IDs. In total, six poor-quality articles were identified: five of which adopted qualitative methods and one of which adopted a mixed-methods approach, comprising a total of 93 participants (48 women, 45 men: 1 perpetrator, 92 victims). The qualitative data were extracted from the studies and synthesized. A partner violence victimization rate of 60% was identified in one nonrepresentative sample. Two superordinate themes emerged from the qualitative data: nature of partner violence experience and help seeking. Children were the cross-cutting theme within the two superordinate themes. Participants reported experiencing a range of physical, emotional, and sexual violence leading to serious injury and psychological consequences. Participants reported experiences of positive and negative help-seeking reactions from professionals and specific requirements of services for victims with IDs. Children were identified as involved in the experience of abuse, the impact of abuse, and decisions to seek help. The findings indicate that training of clinical staff to detect partner violence is needed. In addition, adults with IDs need education concerning healthy relationships. Research is needed to better understand the difference between "challenging behavior" that is behavior displayed by an individual which challenges services, family members, and carers. Such behavior is more common in individuals with a severe ID for whom it would not be appropriate to be dealt with through the criminal justice system, and partner violence, in order to develop appropriate interventions for victims and perpetrators with ID.

Austin, Anna E

Adult; Child; Exposure to Violence; Female; House Calls; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Maternal Behavior; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Parenting; Problem Behavior; Psychological Trauma; Psychotherapy; Psychotherapy, Group; Spouse Abuse

A Systematic Review of Interventions for Women Parenting in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is widespread among women with children and has negative consequences for both women's and children's well-being. Despite mixed evidence regarding the effect of IPV on women's parenting ability and behaviors, there is an increasing focus on mothering in the context of IPV, particularly among the child welfare and child protection systems. To help respond to this increasing focus, several interventions have been developed that specifically target parenting among IPV-affected women. Given the growing numbers of these interventions, a comprehensive review is needed to help elucidate the approaches that are most effective in meeting the needs of IPV-affected women and children. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth systematic review of the literature to examine the approaches and effects of interventions designed to address aspects of parenting among IPV-affected women. We identified 26 articles concerned with 19 distinct interventions for review. We found substantial heterogeneity in intervention delivery, format, length, and focus. We noted several limitations of the existing studies in terms of study sample, measures, design, and implementation. Given the heterogeneity of the existing interventions and the limitations of the current research base, it is not yet clear which interventions or intervention components are most effective in addressing the unique needs of women parenting in the context of IPV. Further research is needed to address these limitations, and professionals working with IPV-affected families should be aware that current services may not meet women's and children's needs.

McGinn, Tony

Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Qualitative Research

Male IPV Perpetrator's Perspectives on Intervention and Change: A Systematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

To add to our understanding of change processes by analyzing perpetrators' perspectives on intervention.

Li, Dongdong

Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Female; Foster Home Care; Humans; Internal-External Control; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Orphanages; Quality of Life; Young Adult

Comparing Long-Term Placement Outcomes of Residential and Family Foster Care: A Meta-Analysis.

This study presents findings from three separate meta-analyses investigating differences between children placed in residential care and in family foster care with regard to three outcomes: internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and perception of care. Based on publications from the last 20 years, a total of 23 studies were included. The total sample consisted of 13,630 children in care, with 7,469 from foster care and 6,161 from residential care. The results from this study indicated that children in foster care had consistently better experiences and less problems across the three outcomes as compared to children in residential care. Analyses did not reveal evidence of publication bias, and sensitivity analyses also suggested that results were not influenced by individual studies. Additionally, moderation analyses revealed that the differences between foster and residential care could vary depending on certain factors such as the publication year, the gross domestic product of the country, and the length of care. The implications of differences in outcomes between the two placements are discussed.

Stoner, Julie E

Crime Victims; Disclosure; Female; Humans; Prevalence; Sex Offenses; Student Health Services; Students; Universities

Sexual Violence Victimization Among College Females: A Systematic Review of Rates, Barriers, and Facilitators of Health Service Utilization on Campus.

To date, little work specifically addresses empirical studies concerning barriers and facilitators to health service use among college female sexual violence victims. The following objectives were addressed: (1) analyze studies of college-aged women who have been victims of sexual violence to examine the frequency and moderating characteristics of utilization of university-based resources available, (2) identify inconsistencies and gaps in the literature concerning sexual victimization and service utilization, and (3) provide next steps for researchers and clinical care coordinators. Six electronic databases were searched from 1990 to May 2016. Inclusion criteria for the review were (1) university or college setting or sample, (2) empirical design, and (3) inclusion of some discussion or measurement of health service use. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) procedures, 22 articles were identified for the review. Although prevalence rates of sexual victimization were high (4.7-58%), rates of service utilization were lower (0-42%). There were significant discrepancies between hypothetical use of services and actual rates of service use. Identified barriers included feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment, not wanting friends and family to find out, and thinking the victimization was not serious enough to report. Identified facilitators included acknowledging the sexual violence victimization as a crime, receiving encouragement from friends and family to utilize health services, and receiving a positive response during the initial informal disclosure. Finally, measurement of victimization was inconsistent across studies. Recommendations are offered for college campus prevention programming and future research.

Lo, Camilla K M

Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Humans; Middle Aged; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Reactive Attachment Disorder; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Insecure Adult Attachment and Child Maltreatment: A Meta-Analysis.

Extant evidence has shown that insecure adult attachment is related to dysfunctional parenting styles that heighten parents' risk of child maltreatment. However, there is a lack of studies appraising the evidence for the association between insecure adult attachment and child maltreatment. This meta-analytic study examined the relationship between parents' adult attachment and child maltreatment perpetration/child abuse potential. Studies examining the relationship between parents' adult attachment and child maltreatment/child abuse potential published before February 2017 were identified through a systematic search of online databases. In total, 16 studies (<i>N</i> = 1,830) were selected. Meta-analysis based on random-effects models shows a significant positive association between insecure attachment and child maltreatment (pooled effect size: odds ratio [<i>OR</i>] = 2.93, <i>p</i> = .000). Subgroup analyses show insecure attachment was more strongly associated with failure to thrive (<i>OR</i> = 8.04, <i>p</i> = .000) and filicide (<i>OR</i> = 5.00, <i>p &lt;</i> .05). Medium effect sizes were found for subgroup analyses on insecure romantic attachment (<i>OR</i> = 3.76, <i>p</i> = .000), general attachment (<i>OR</i> = 3.38, <i>p</i> = .000), attachment to own child (<i>OR</i> = 3.13, <i>p</i> = .001), and to own parents (<i>OR</i> = 2.63, <i>p</i> = .000) in relation to child maltreatment.

Ahonen, Lia

Female; Gun Violence; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mental Disorders; Qualitative Research; Risk Assessment

The Association Between Serious Mental Health Problems and Violence: Some Common Assumptions and Misconceptions.

The media, the general public, and politicians often emphasize that mental illness is a precursor and a cause of violence, particularly emphasizing an assumed relationship between mental illness, including psychopathy and psychosis, and the use of guns to commit violence. We report which individuals with serious mental health problems have an increased risk to commit violence (including gun violence). Second, we answer the question to what extent serious mental health problems explain most violence and especially gun-related violence. And what is the opinion of experts on these questions? Third, we review which effective screening instrument can help to identify individuals with mental health problems who are at risk to carry a gun and commit violence. For policy makers and legislators, this article points out that most psychiatric disorders are not related to violence, with some exceptions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and often only in conjunction with substance use. We show that the attributable risk of mental illness to explain violence in general is low. We also emphasize that conduct disorder in late childhood or adolescence is a better predictor of violence than is mental illness at a later age. Empirically based screening methods to identify individuals with mental health problems who are prone to violence appear to have limited utility. Implications are discussed for clinicians and practitioners working in the justice system, researchers, and policy makers.

Bonistall Postel, Emily J

Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Male; Sex Offenses; Sexual Behavior; Social Environment; Students; Universities

Violence Against International Students: A Critical Gap in the Literature.

Despite the growing trend on college campuses to increase their international student body, this population is largely left out of research due to the complexity they bring to the research process compared to their domestic counterparts. This is particularly true for the existing research on campus sexual violence; thus, there is no research-based indication that international students, let alone international <i>graduate</i> students, would face victimization risks on campus in the same way the extant literature identifies for domestic undergraduates. The existing research on international students indicates that their experiences are different than their domestic counterparts, and the sparse literature on graduate students indicates their experiences are different from their undergraduate counterparts. A specific focus on the intersection of these two identities, <i>international graduate students</i>, is almost completely absent from the literature. This research review highlights key research that provides foundational knowledge for the experience of international students and international <i>graduate</i> students with regard to their vulnerability to sexual violence. The author organizes the extant literature into three major areas that inform the overarching research topic: (1) international student experiences, (2) victimization, and (3) campus culture. Basic findings indicate that there are limitations in extrapolating previous research findings on campus sexual violence to this population, calling for a need to focus specifically and intentionally on this population of students. The objective of this article is to review the current state of knowledge about the risk and vulnerability of international students to sexual violence and victimization and to address the directions for future research.

Fry, M Whitney

Adolescent; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Male; Refugees; Socialization; Young Adult

Understanding the Relationship Between Male Gender Socialization and Gender-Based Violence Among Refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian emergencies is progressively recognized as a global public health problem. Detrimental gender norms influence male perpetrated GBV against women, and social and structural contexts of forced migration and camp resettlement contribute to problematic gender norm development. The review sought to elucidate the dynamics that link gender socialization among male youth in sub-Saharan Africa with violent sexual behaviors. Two concepts were explored: (1) male gender socialization in sub-Saharan Africa related to GBV perpetration patterns and (2) the effect of forced migration on male socialization and GBV. We reviewed articles using a standard systematic review methodology, searching academic databases for peer-reviewed articles, and contacting experts for gray literature. Our initial search identified 210 articles. We manually reviewed these, and 19 met the review inclusion criteria. We identified 20 variables from the first concept and 18 variables from the second. GBV perpetration by male youth is positively associated with social pressures as well as cultural and religious beliefs. Amid forced migration, personal, societal, and cultural preexisting gender inequalities are often amplified to encourage GBV perpetration. The literature revealed aspects of culture, language, role modeling, religion, and the context of violence as important factors that shape young men's perspectives regarding the opposite sex and gender relations as well as sexual desires and dominance. Overall, though, literature focusing on male socialization and GBV prevention is limited. We made recommendations for future studies among refugee male youth in order to better understand these relationships.

Isham, Louise

Aged; Aggression; Caregivers; Crime Victims; Dementia; Domestic Violence; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Male; Qualitative Research

When Older People Are Violent or Abusive Toward Their Family Caregiver: A Review of Mixed-Methods Research.

What happens when family caregivers experience violence and abuse from the older person for whom they care? Although this issue has received little global attention, it is relevant to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working across the intersecting fields of older age care and medicine, adult protection and safeguarding, and domestic and intimate partner violence. To date, these fields have generated diverse explanations of violence and abuse in older age illness and how best to respond to it. This article reports the findings of a systematic literature review of 18 quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies that investigated violent and abusive behavior by older people toward their family caregivers. The review identified three central themes in the literature: (1) There are inconsistent definitions and measurements used in research about harmful, violent, and abusive behavior toward family caregivers. (2) Violent and abusive behavior toward caregivers is a sensitive and hidden topic that poses practical and methodological challenges for researchers. (3) There is some evidence to suggest that people who were violent and abusive in their earlier life-or who had a poor relationship with their family member in the past-are more likely to continue to experience violence and abusive behavior in later life. There were two central ways in which violence and abuse were conceptualized and investigated: as a "symptom of illness" or as an "act of abuse" and we present a visual map of the relationship between these two conceptualizations drawn from our analysis of the literature. We conclude by discussing the implications of the findings and recommend future directions for practice, research, and policy to support affected families.

Rubenstein, Beth L

Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Altruism; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Conflict; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Predictors of Interpersonal Violence in the Household in Humanitarian Settings: A Systematic Review.

Interpersonal violence against women and children has increasingly been recognized as a public health priority in humanitarian emergencies. However, because the household is generally considered a private sphere, violence between family members remains neglected. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify predictors of household violence in humanitarian emergencies. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from January 1, 1998, to February 16, 2016. A predictor was defined as any individual, household, or community-level exposure that increases or decreases the risk associated with physical, sexual, or emotional interpersonal violence between two or more people living together. All studies reporting on quantitative research were eligible for inclusion. Results were analyzed using qualitative synthesis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed as applicable. The search strategy resulted in 2,587 original records, of which 33 studies met inclusion criteria. Thirty-two of the 33 studies used a cross-sectional design. This was the first known systematic review of predictors of household violence in humanitarian settings. The household framework drew attention to several factors that are associated with violence against both women and children, including conflict exposure, alcohol and drug use, income/economic status, mental health/coping strategies, and limited social support. There is a need for longitudinal research and experimental designs that can better establish temporality between exposures and household violence outcomes, control for confounding, and inform practice. In the interim, programmers and policy makers should try to leverage the predictors identified by this review for integrated violence prevention and response strategies, with the important caveat that ongoing evaluation of such strategies is needed.

Sabri, Bushra

Adult; Black or African American; Battered Women; Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Needs Assessment; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Integrated Multicomponent Interventions for Safety and Health Risks Among Black Female Survivors of Violence: A Systematic Review.

The epidemic of violence disproportionately affects women, including Black women. Black women survivors of violence have been found to face multiple safety and health issues such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, HIV, and poor reproductive health. Many health issues co-occur, and this co-occurrence can be associated with additional safety and health-related challenges for survivors. Consequently, there is a need for multicomponent interventions that are designed to concurrently address multiple health issues commonly faced by Black survivors of violence. This systematic review of literature determines the efficacy of various strategies used in the existing evidence-based multicomponent interventions on violence reduction, promotion of reproductive health, reduction in risk for HIV, reduction in levels of stress, and improvement in mental health. Sixteen intervention studies were identified. Examples of components found to be efficacious in the studies were safety planning for violence, skill building in self-care for mental health, education and self-regulatory skills for HIV, mindfulness-based stress reduction for reducing stress, and individual counseling for reproductive health. Although some strategies were found to be efficacious in improving outcomes for survivors, the limitations in designs and methods, and exclusive focus on intimate partner violence calls for more rigorous research for this population, particularly for Black survivors of all forms of violence. There is also need for culturally responsive multicomponent interventions that account for diversity among Black survivors.

Straus, Murray A

Child; Child Abuse; Child Rearing; Domestic Violence; Family Relations; Father-Child Relations; Humans; Mother-Child Relations; Parenting

Concordance Between Parents in Perpetration of Child Mistreatment: How Often Is It by Father-Only, Mother-Only, or by Both and What Difference Does It Make?

Research on child mistreatment tends to focus on the mother or the father as the abusing parent, even though there is wide agreement that both theory and practice should deal with child maltreatment as a family system problem. Most children have the benefit or the risk of more than one caretaker for substantial periods of their lives, most often two parents or stepparents. This article is intended to illustrate the value of research which uses concordance analysis (CA) to identify children who experienced three <i>dyadic concordance types</i> (DCTs) of mistreatment: <i>father-only, mother-only</i>, or <i>both</i> parents, including single-parent combinations of caretakers. A concordance approach that identifies possible abusers in addition to the presenting parent using the three DCTs is a practical first step toward a family system perspective to enhance child abuse theory, research, and practice.

Zeoli, April M

Crime Victims; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Firearms; Global Health; Homicide; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male

The Intersection of Firearms and Intimate Partner Homicide in 15 Nations.

Intimate partners commit approximately one in three homicides against women worldwide. Little is known about situational factors that contribute to intimate partner homicides (IPH) and how they may differ across nations. This article provides a cross-national exploration of one situational factor, the use of firearms in the commission of homicides, and considers whether nations have laws designed specifically to keep firearms out of the hands of batterers. We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research and governmental and nongovernmental reports for data on weapon use in IPH. Data were located for 15 nations and subnational areas, which varied from firearms being involved in no IPHs in Fiji to 59% in Antalya, Turkey. Seven nations have legislation that addresses gun ownership as it relates to those who have been charged with, convicted of, or show a propensity toward the commission of intimate partner violence. These laws vary in whether domestic violence is a factor considered in whether to allow firearm ownership or whether it served to disqualify ownership. Due to the small number of nations for which data on weapon use in IPH were located, we did not conduct any hypothesis testing. There is a need for detailed homicide surveillance systems among nations so that researchers can explore the epidemiology of these homicides and ultimately identify opportunities for intervention.

McKay, Tasseli

Bullying; Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Male; Research Design; Sex Offenses; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Violence

Understanding (and Acting On) 20 Years of Research on Violence and LGBTQ + Communities.

Questions related to violence, vulnerability, and sexual and gender minorities continuing to occupy a focal place in U.S. public discourse. We reviewed findings from 20 years of research on that topic to make recommendations for policy, practice, and future research. This article synthesizes findings from 102 peer-reviewed articles as well as a small number of unpublished studies and grey literature. We found no data to support the idea (widespread in popular discourse) that those in the sexual or gender majority require protection from sexual or gender minority individuals. Instead, this wide body of research indicates that sexual and gender minorities are themselves at elevated risk for physical and sexual assault, harassment, bullying, and hate crime victimization throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Contradicting the image of hate crimes as perpetrated by strangers or acquaintances, we find that bias-related verbal abuse, physical, and sexual assault by close family members contribute heavily to observed victimization rates. Further, despite the perception that society is becoming more welcoming, victimization disparities appear to be stable or widening since the 1990s. More studies with probabilistic sampling approaches, standardized measures, and larger samples of gender minorities are needed. However, widespread victimization of sexual and gender minorities is clearly an urgent issue, demanding attention from clinicians, program developers, and policy makers.

Park, Sihyun

Adolescent; Adult; Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Risk Factors; Sexual Partners; Young Adult

Who Are the Victims and Who Are the Perpetrators in Dating Violence? Sharing the Role of Victim and Perpetrator.

Dating violence (DV) is a serious problem with devastating consequences. Often, research on DV has focused on two distinct groups: victims and perpetrators. However, there is growing evidence for a victim-perpetrator overlap model, which posits that those involved in DV are more likely to take on both roles, rather than either role on its own.

Heard, Emma

Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Psychodrama; Qualitative Research

Using Applied Theater in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review.

There is an immediate need to advance knowledge around the effective prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is responsible for significant negative health and well-being outcomes for women around the world. Creative approaches are being explored internationally-this systematic review provides a timely synthesis of applied theater interventions addressing primary, secondary, and tertiary IPV prevention. Six hundred and ten articles were identified through a comprehensive search of five cross-disciplinary databases. Eleven studies discussed in 15 quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed articles and one book chapter met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Articles were appraised using a standardized quality assessment tool and were analyzed within the context of IPV prevention. Of the reviewed studies, five were classified as primary prevention, four secondary, and two focused on tertiary prevention. Specific strategies used by each of the studies included healthy relationship training, rising awareness and community advocacy, service provider training, bystander training, and working with survivors. While the paucity and quality of current literature make it difficult to determine overall efficacy, this review points to the potential of applied theater as a useful prevention strategy, particularly when interactive, participatory methods are incorporated. Further, applied theater could be an effective tool for working in culturally diverse settings as well as with minority groups. Future applied theater program planning needs to include comprehensive evaluation. More rigorous investigation, involving mixed-method research approaches, is required to fully understand the potential of applied theater as a tool in the context of IPV prevention.

Labarre, Michel

Attitude of Health Personnel; Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Qualitative Research

Practitioners' Views on IPV and Its Solutions: An Integrative Literature Review.

There are ongoing debates in the scientific community and in practice settings about how intimate partner violence (IPV) should be defined and understood and about how various interventions must be carried out. If these debates are to bear fruit, however, we must first gain a comprehensive understanding of each stakeholder's viewpoints on IPV and its solutions. This article seeks to contribute to this goal by summarizing empirical studies investigating how practitioners who work with IPV perpetrators understand the problem and its solutions. Based on an integrative review of the literature, it focuses on how practitioners define IPV and its causes, how they perceive the perpetrators and victims, and on the solutions they put forward in order to work against this social problem. The limitations of our current knowledge are outlined as well as the implications of this review for IPV debates.

Noble, Eva

Adolescent; Altruism; Empowerment; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Psychology, Social; Social Norms

State of the Evidence: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Reduce Gender-Based Violence and Support the Empowerment of Adolescent Girls in Humanitarian Settings.

Adolescent girls are at an increased risk of sexual violence, abuse, exploitation, and forced or early marriage across humanitarian contexts. In the past few years, prominent initiatives, organizations, and working groups have started to highlight the targeted needs and issues facing adolescent girls and have developed programmatic responses such as safe spaces for adolescent girls to protect and empower girls and reduce their vulnerabilities to violence or exploitation. A systematic review of academic and grey literature was conducted in September 2015 to examine the evidence base for programming that seeks to reduce violence against adolescent girls in humanitarian contexts. The authors used a Boolean search procedure to find and review 5830 records from academic journal databases, resource-hosting websites and relevant organizational websites. The inclusion criteria left us with three adolescent girl program evaluations from humanitarian settings to examine, all of which were pre/post-test evaluations that looked at changes in indicators such as social assets, self-esteem, decision making, livelihood skills and financial assets, gender norms, and feelings of safety. While these three evaluations showed promising results, overall, this systematic review demonstrates a significant gap in currently available rigorous research. Evidence is urgently needed to guide programming decisions to ensure that the emerging programs provide the level and depth of protection that adolescent girls need in humanitarian settings.

Green, Kathleen

Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Child; Child Abuse; Humans; Psychopathology; Psychotic Disorders; Risk Assessment; Violence

The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Violence to Others in Individuals With Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There is a growing body of literature identifying a relationship between experiences of child abuse and symptoms of psychosis in adults. However, the impact of this relationship on risk of violence has not been systematically explored.

Hampton, Michelle DeCoux

Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Female; Human Trafficking; Humans; Male; Qualitative Research; Risk Assessment; Sex Work; United States; Vulnerable Populations

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Homeless, runaway, and transgender youth are at high risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States. Research examining this phenomenon is growing but requires synthesis to facilitate its use by professionals who serve this population. The purpose of this review was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the United States.

Bradbury-Jones, Caroline

Adolescent; Adult; Child; Circumcision, Female; Coercion; Crime Victims; Europe; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Marriage; Public Policy; Research; Sex Offenses; Survivorship

A Profile of Gender-Based Violence Research in Europe: Findings From a Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis.

This article reports the findings from a new form of review: a focused mapping review and synthesis. The aim was to create a contemporary, snapshot profile of the nature and scope of gender-based violence (GBV) studies conducted in Europe. GBV is one of the most prevalent human rights violations in the world affecting mainly women and girls. The policy context of GBV in Europe has gathered momentum in recent years, but we do not have a clear picture of how this relates to research activity. Thirteen journals were purposively selected on their likelihood to publish GBV research. All articles published in these journals during 2015 and meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved. Data were extracted according to (1) types of methodologies used, (2) geographical location of research, and (3) patterns of research activity/interest. Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Many titles and abstracts were not explicit about the gendered nature of the research which made retrieval and analysis difficult. A range of methodologies were reported, with single-country research conducted more than international collaborations. Intimate partner violence and sexual abuse attracted most research interest. No studies explored female genital mutilation/cutting and only one investigated early and forced marriage. The findings have implications regarding GBV research in Europe, and we explore them in relation to relevant European policy. Researchers can help raise the profile of the gendered nature of most violence-related research by being explicit about this in their publications. Increasing opportunities for cross-national research will help address the global nature of GBV. Tackling GBV requires synergy of empirical evidence and policy to drive the agenda.

Owen, Christy

Adverse Childhood Experiences; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Humans; Male; Parenting; Reactive Attachment Disorder; Social Participation; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Obscure Dichotomy of Early Childhood Trauma in PTSD Versus Attachment Disorders.

There are two competing schools of thoughts involving children who have experienced early childhood trauma. One posture's nosology focuses on the post-traumatic stress responses; the other focuses on the deviant behaviors that ensue from pathogenic care in early childhood. This author sought to review the literature from a holistic perspective, embracing both diagnostic positions. Seventy-three articles addressing childhood trauma and the ensuing emotional or behavioral disturbances were evaluated, mostly empirical-including 16 that specified posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 21 that specified attachment disorders, and 37 that included potential overlaps between both trauma derivatives. An additional 138 studies were reviewed but not included herein because those focused on broader issues. Statistical data, financial and emotional impacts, and the effects of disrupted attachments were addressed-including both children with secure attachments and those with compromised attachments. The critical effect of both positive and negative parental responses was evaluated, as well as correlations or overlaps in the diagnostic criteria and symptom manifestations of the children and any apparent gaps in the current research. The literature details that the prognosis and course of treatment vary significantly between the two etiologies-apparently at least in part due to possible clinician bias in conceptualizations of the two populations. There are clear overlaps in the diagnostic criteria that strongly suggest comorbidity between the disorders, however, which is especially critical to analyze in the future, since there are solid, empirical, evidence-based treatment protocols for PTSD, but not for attachment disorders resulting from pathogenic caregiver maltreatment.

Berg, Mark T

Crime Victims; Criminals; Criminology; Female; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Risk Factors

Reappraising and Redirecting Research on the Victim-Offender Overlap.

The strong positive association between offending and victimization, or the victim-offender overlap, has received considerable amount of research attention in recent years. Empirical research has made important strides in unpacking the sources of the phenomenon, but important questions remain unanswered. Ambiguity surrounds the utility of certain theoretical explanations for the overlap, the nature of the phenomenon, and the methodological tools used to examine its etiology. Owing to these knowledge gaps, the scientific meaning of the victim-offender overlap is unclear. Moreover, a number of potentially important theoretical arguments are rarely subject to empirical testing in this line of research. The purpose of this article is to use a narrative review methodology to provide a critical reappraisal of the theoretical, empirical, and methodological research on the victim-offender overlap and offer directions for ways forward to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. This review includes critical analysis of 78 academic publications, along with a table that summarizes the key findings and conclusions from 18 critical empirical studies that have contributed to our understanding of the victim-offender overlap. We offer recommendations for the continued development of theoretical and methodological tools to better understand this complex phenomenon.

Yoon, Eunkyung

Black or African American; Aged; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Personal Satisfaction; Racism; Social Discrimination

Perceived discrimination and mental health among older African Americans: the role of psychological well-being.

Examine the effect of perceived discrimination (both racial and non-racial) on the mental health of older African Americans and explore the buffering role of psychological well-being (purpose in life and self-acceptance).

Hulsbæk, Signe

Activities of Daily Living; Aftercare; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disability Evaluation; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Hip Fractures; Humans; Male; Mobility Limitation; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Discharge; Postoperative Period; Range of Motion, Articular; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome

The Barthel Index and the Cumulated Ambulation Score are superior to the de Morton Mobility Index for the early assessment of outcome in patients with a hip fracture admitted to an acute geriatric ward.

To examine clinimetric properties of the de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) in patients with hip fracture in comparison with the modified Barthel Index (BI), Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS), and 30-s Chair Stand Test (30-s CST).

Bulgin, Dominique

Anemia, Sickle Cell; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Disease Management; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Health Personnel; Humans; Students, Medical

Twelve tips for teaching a comprehensive disease-focused course with a global perspective: A sickle cell disease example.

A disease-focused course entitled "Understanding Sickle Cell Disease: A Biopsychosocial Approach" addressed the complex nature of SCD using patient-centered, global and interdisciplinary approaches. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a rare inherited blood disorder that requires multidisciplinary care. Worldwide 20-25 million individuals have SCD, which is associated with a shortened lifespan due to many medical complications and social and behavioral health challenges. Health care professionals often have limited knowledge of SCD as they typically learn about it within the context of their own disciplines. This article provides twelve tips for educators that can be used to develop a similar course on any disease, with considerations for both low- and high-resource countries. The tips were devised from personal experience and available literature. Through these twelve tips, we provide a practical framework for increasing knowledge of complex diseases like SCD using a comprehensive elective course.

Zhou, Hong

Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; Homoharringtonine; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Peptide Initiation Factors

Targeting of phospho-eIF4E by homoharringtonine eradicates a distinct subset of human acute myeloid leukemia.

More than half of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fail to achieve long-term disease-free survival with current therapies and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The effects of homoharringtonine (HHT) on the growth of AML cell lines and primary leukemia cells were examined using MTT, colony formation assay. The effects of HHT on both eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and phospho-eIF4E(p-eIF4E) were examined through western blot and immunofluorescence staining. HHT selectively reduced levels of p-eIF4E and its downstream oncoprotein Mcl-1, and potently inhibited <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> the growth of a distinct subset of AML cells and primary leukemia cells expressing high level of p-eIF4E through apoptosis. Our findings suggest that HHT might be a first-in-class p-eIF4E-targeted drug and offer a novel therapeutic option for AML patients expressing high level of p-eIF4E.

Wagner, Stefanie

Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depressive Disorder, Major; Executive Function; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Time Factors

Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pBDNF) and executive dysfunctions in patients with major depressive disorder.

<b>Objectives:</b> Executive dysfunctions are frequently seen in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and normalise in many cases during effective antidepressant therapy. This study investigated whether a normalisation of executive dysfunctions during antidepressant treatment correlates with or can be predicted by clinical parameters or levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).<b>Methods:</b> In 110 MDD patients with executive dysfunctions (percentile &lt;16), executive functions and plasma BDNF levels were analysed at baseline, and days 14 and 56 of an antidepressant treatment. BDNF exon IV and P11 methylation status was studied at baseline.<b>Results:</b> Eighty patients (73%) experienced a normalisation of executive dysfunctions, while 30 (27%) suffered from persistent dysfunctions until day 56. Patients with persistent dysfunctions had significantly higher HAMD scores at days 14 and 56, and lower plasma BDNF levels at each time point than patients with a normalisation of dysfunctions (<i>F</i>₁=&#8201;10.18; <i>P</i>&#8201;=&#8201;0.002). This was seen for verbal fluency, but not processing speed. BDNF exon IV and p11 promoter methylation was not associated with test performance.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our results corroborate a concomitant amelioration of executive dysfunctions with successful antidepressant therapy and support a role of BDNF in the neural mechanisms underlying the normalisation of executive dysfunctions in MDD.<b>ClinicalTrials.gov number:</b> NCT00974155; EudraCT: 2008-008280-96.

Furuhata, Ryogo

Aged; Bone Wires; Cervical Vertebrae; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Male; Spinal Cord Injuries; Sternum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Migration of a Kirschner wire into the spinal cord: A case report and literature review.

A Kirschner wire (K-wire) is a stainless steel pin with at least one sharpened tip that is mainly used for the internal fixation of bone fractures. While some cases of K-wire dislocation and migration have been reported as complications after fracture surgery, the intraspinal migration of a K-wire is rare. Herein, we report a case in which a K-wire used for sternal fixation 7 years earlier migrated into the spinal canal.

Bourbeau, Dennis J

Aged; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Feasibility Studies; Genitalia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urinary Bladder, Overactive

At-home genital nerve stimulation for individuals with SCI and neurogenic detrusor overactivity: A pilot feasibility study.

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction, including neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is one of the most clinically significant problems for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), affecting health and quality of life. Genital nerve stimulation (GNS) can acutely inhibit NDO-related reflex bladder contractions and increase bladder capacity. However, it is unknown if GNS can improve urinary continence or help meet individuals' bladder management goals during sustained use, which is required for GNS to be clinically effective.

Tibbett, Jacqueline

Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries

Impact of spasticity on transfers and activities of daily living in individuals with spinal cord injury.

For persons with spinal cord injury, spasticity commonly interferes with activities of daily living such as transfers. Electromyography can be used to objectively measure muscle spasms during transfers, but how electromyographic measures relate to the impact spasticity has on life, or to clinically-rated spasticity, is unclear. We aimed to characterize relationships among spasm duration and magnitude, impact of spasticity on daily life, and a clinical measure of extensor spasticity, as well as to determine reliability of the electromyographic measures.

Bresnahan, James J

Adult; Body Composition; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dependent Ambulation; Exercise; Exercise Test; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Fitness; Risk Factors; Spinal Cord Injuries

Arm crank ergometry improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and community mobility independent of body composition in high motor complete spinal cord injury.

Evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise using arm crank ergometry (ACE) in high motor complete (ISNCSCI A/B) spinal cord injury (SCI) as primarily related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and functional mobility and secondarily to body composition and metabolic profiles.

Bowen, Randy C

Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Eye Pain; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Neurology; Ophthalmology; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Uveitis; Young Adult

The Most Common Causes of Eye Pain at 2 Tertiary Ophthalmology and Neurology Clinics.

Eye pain is a common complaint, but no previous studies have determined the most common causes of this presenting symptom. Our objective was to determine the most common causes of eye pain in 2 ophthalmology and neurology departments at academic medical centers.

Khazaee-Pool, Maryam

Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Iran; Middle Aged; Models, Educational

New Educational Model to Promote Breast Cancer-Preventive Behaviors (ASSISTS): Development and First Evaluation.

The prevalence of breast cancer in Iran has increased. An effective approach to decrease the burden of breast cancer is prevention.

Rashti, Stefanie L

Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Neoplasms; Organ Transplantation; Risk

Themes in Literature Related to Incidence, Risk, and Prevention of Cancer in Solid-Organ Transplantation Recipients on Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Solid-organ transplants provide a second chance to thousands of critically ill patients with end-organ failure each year. Immunosuppressants are administered to patients to prevent graft rejection of a transplanted organ, such as a heart, kidney, or liver, while placing the recipient at greater risk for infection and cancer.

Schildmeijer, Kristina

Aged; Attitude to Health; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Qualitative Research; Sweden

Not a Straight Line-Patients' Experiences of Prostate Cancer and Their Journey Through the Healthcare System.

Cancer and its treatment can severely impact quality of life, giving rise to complex needs with respect to follow-up care. To support patient needs and increase efficiency of care with limited resources, the Swedish government has launched national reforms to redesign cancer care pathways.

Aziz, Mohammad Hosein

Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bilirubin; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index

The Systemic-immune-inflammation Index Independently Predicts Survival and Recurrence in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer and its Prognostic Value Depends on Bilirubin Levels: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Our aim was to determine the prognostic significance of the systemic-immune-inflammation index (SIII) in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, using cancer-specific survival as the primary outcome.

Xi, Mian

Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chemoradiotherapy; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Multi-institutional Analysis of Recurrence and Survival After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy of Esophageal Cancer: Impact of Histology on Recurrence Patterns and Outcomes.

To determine the impact of histology on pathologic response, survival outcomes, and recurrence patterns in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Shi, Si

Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies

Proposed Modification of the 8th Edition of the AJCC Staging System for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

The aim of this study was to improve the 8th edition (8th) of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Nockel, Pavel

Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paraganglioma; Pheochromocytoma; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Precision Medicine; Preoperative Care; Prospective Studies; Radiopharmaceuticals; Young Adult

Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas Allows for Precision Surgery.

Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is recommended in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma (PC) and paraganglioma (PGL). There are no data on whether routine preoperative F-FDG PET/CT in all patients with PC/PGL impacts surgical management.

Kim, Hong Deok

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasms; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Positron-Emission Tomography

Comparison of the morphologic criteria (RECIST) and metabolic criteria (EORTC and PERCIST) in tumor response assessments: a pooled analysis.

The Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) or European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria are used to assess metabolic tumor responses. However, tumor responses have shown considerable discrepancies between the morphologic criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]) and metabolic criteria. We performed this pooled study to compare the RECIST and metabolic criteria in the assessment of tumor responses.

Baek, Han Joo

Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Joints; Male; Middle Aged; Recovery of Function; Remission Induction; Republic of Korea; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in Korean patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in Korean patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate (MTX).

Sufi, Shamim Akhtar

Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction

Redox Nano-Architectures: Perspectives and Implications in Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases.

Efficient targeted therapy with minimal side-effects is the need of the hour. Locally altered redox state is observed in several human ailments, such as inflammation, sepsis, and cancer. This has been taken advantage of in designing redox-responsive nanodrug carriers. Redox-responsive nanosystems open a door to a multitude of possibilities for the control of diseases over other drug delivery systems. Recent Advances: The first-generation nanotherapy relies on novel properties of nanomaterials to shield the drug and deliver it to the diseased tissue or organ. The second generation is based on targeting the drug or diagnostic material to the diseased cell-specific receptors, or to a particular organ to improve the efficacy of the drug. The third and the latest generation of nanocarriers, the stimuli-responsive nanocarriers exploit the disease condition or environment to specifically deliver the drug or diagnostic probe for the best diagnosis and treatment. Several different kinds of stimuli such as temperature, magnetic field, pH, and altered redox state-responsive nanosystems have educed immense promise in the field of nanomedicine and therapy.

Heffeter, Petra

Aminoquinolines; Antineoplastic Agents; Copper; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Iron; Neoplasms; Pyridines; Thiosemicarbazones

Anticancer Thiosemicarbazones: Chemical Properties, Interaction with Iron Metabolism, and Resistance Development.

During the past decades, thiosemicarbazones were clinically developed for a variety of diseases, including tuberculosis, viral infections, malaria, and cancer. With regard to malignant diseases, the class of α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, and here especially 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Triapine), was intensively developed in multiple clinical phase I/II trials. Recent Advances: Very recently, two new derivatives, namely COTI-2 and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) have entered phase I evaluation. Based on the strong metal-chelating/metal-interacting properties of thiosemicarbazones, interference with the cellular iron (and copper) homeostasis is assumed to play an important role in their biological activity.

Sharif, Tanveer

Animals; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; NAD; Neoplasms; Oncogenes; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Signal Transduction; Sirtuins

Regulation of Cancer and Cancer-Related Genes via NAD^.

Label="SIGNIFICANCE">NAD⁺ is an essential redox cofactor in cellular metabolism and has emerged as an important regulator of a wide spectrum of disease conditions, most notably, cancers. As such, various strategies targeting NAD⁺ synthesis in cancers are in clinical trials. Recent Advances: Being a substrate required for the activity of various enzyme families, especially sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerases, NAD⁺-mediated signaling plays an important role in gene expression, calcium release, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. Many strategies exploring the potential of interfering with NAD⁺ metabolism to sensitize cancer cells to achieve anticancer benefits are highly promising, and are being pursued.

Choi, Shinkyu

Animals; Cells, Cultured; Endothelial Cells; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidation-Reduction; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels

Altered Redox State Modulates Endothelial K_Ca2.3 and K_Ca3.1 Levels in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.

Label="AIMS">Altered redox state has been related to the development of normal pregnancy (NP) and preeclampsia (PE). Endothelial K_Ca2.3 and K_Ca3.1 (K_Cas) play an important role in vasodilation, and K_Cas levels are affected by oxidative stress. We investigated the mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated K_Cas expression modulation during NP and PE.

Robbins, Rebecca

Adult; Cell Phone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Sleep; United States

Examining Use of Mobile Phones for Sleep Tracking Among a National Sample in the USA.

Mobile technology has been designed to serve a number of functions relating to health, but we know little about individuals who use these tools to track sleep. This study utilized data from a cross-sectional, geographically diverse survey of adults in the USA (N = 934). Among the sample, 28.2% (n = 263) report current use of a mobile phone for sleep tracking. Income and gender were significant correlates of sleep tracking (p < 0.05). Compared to a poor diet, a reported "excellent" diet was associated with sleep tracking (p < 0.05). Interestingly, compared to individuals who never smoke, report of smoking "everyday" was associated with sleep tracking (p < 0.05). Finally, individuals who reported current use of their mobile device for other health functions (e.g., chat with their doctor or log symptoms) were more likely to report sleep tracking on their mobile device (p < 0.05). Results appear to suggest sleep tracking is common among individuals with good general health.

Yanke, Adam B

Allografts; Bone Transplantation; Bone and Bones; Cadaver; Cartilage, Articular; Femur; Humans; Knee Joint; Tissue Banks; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Transplantation, Homologous

Topographic Analysis of the Distal Femoral Condyle Articular Cartilage Surface: Adequacy of the Graft from Opposite Condyles of the Same or Different Size for the Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation.

To analyze the topography of the opposite condyle to treat focal femoral condyle articular defects with an osteochondral allograft (OCA).

Hinyard, Leslie

Adolescent; Cooperative Behavior; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Health Occupations; Humans; Interdisciplinary Studies; Interprofessional Relations; Male; Pilot Projects; Psychometrics; Self-Assessment; Students, Health Occupations; Young Adult

Student Perceptions of Collaboration Skills in an Interprofessional Context: Development and Initial Validation of the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills Instrument.

An integral component of interprofessional education (IPE) is the development of a collaboration-ready health-care workforce. While collaboration is a fundamental element of IPE, there is no existing measure of collaboration skills that is not context specific. This article describes the development and initial validation of the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills (SACS) measure. Items were initially drawn from the Collaboration Skills Assessment Tool rubric, an educational assessment tool. The SACS measure was piloted in a sample of students in an introductory IPE course. Following scale revision, the SACS was piloted a second time in a sample of students in an IPE health systems course and then validated in a sample of students in an introductory IPE course. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess scale factor structure in Pilots 1 and 2 and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm factor structure in the validation sample. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. The final SACS measure is an 11-item scale consisting of three dimensions of collaboration: information sharing, learning, and team support. The SACS measure demonstrates high internal consistency and both convergent and discriminant validity as a measure of collaboration. The SACS can be implemented in any setting for assessing collaboration in clinical and nonclinical contexts.

Kumaria, Ashwin

Female; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Skull Base; Skull Base Neoplasms

Spontaneous regression of a large skull base meningioma: case report.

We present the case of a 58 year old lady with a large middle cranial fossa meningioma (5&#8201;cm &#215; 4&#8201;cm in maximal dimensions) which has considerably regressed without any treatment during seven years of follow up. While the tumour had remained radiologically static for the first three years, scans from year five post-diagnosis onwards have shown shrinkage of the meningioma from a calculated volume of 36&#8201;cm³ to 11.2&#8201;cm³. There has been no intratumoral haemorrhage or infarction and no medication or exogenous hormonal effect that could account for this effect. We reviewed the literature and report that this is only the second ever case of spontaneous regression of meningioma.

Reynolds, Matthew R

Aged; Cerebral Angiography; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Patients; Treatment Outcome

Multiple intracranial aneurysms in a patient with type I Gaucher disease: a case report and literature review.

Multiple intracranial aneurysms (IAs) have never been reported in a patient with Gaucher disease (GD). A 69-year-old-female with type I GD presented with a left sixth nerve palsy due to a large posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm. Cerebral angiography demonstrated fifteen unruptured IAs (UIAs).

Paniccia, Alicia

Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Brain Injuries; Employment; Employment, Supported; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Qualitative Research; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Social Adjustment; Social Support; Young Adult

Youth and young adults with acquired brain injury transition towards work-related roles: a qualitative study.

The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of youth and young adults with acquired brain injury as they transition towards work-related roles. Little is known about employment experiences among this age group. Understanding their perspectives can inform programs and clinical practice.

Stolwyk, Renerus J

Adult; Automobile Driver Examination; Automobile Driving; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care

Characterizing on-road driving performance in individuals with traumatic brain injury who pass or fail an on-road driving assessment.

To characterise on-road driving performance in individuals with traumatic brain injury who fail on-road driving assessment, compared with both those who pass assessment and healthy controls, and the injury and cognitive factors associated with driving performance.

Unger, Janelle

Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation, Physiological; Hope; Humans; Motivation; Physical Therapy Modalities; Resilience, Psychological; Self Efficacy; Social Support; Spinal Cord Injuries

The experiences of physical rehabilitation in individuals with spinal cord injuries: a qualitative thematic synthesis.

The purpose of this thematic synthesis review was to identify and synthesise published qualitative research on the perspectives of individuals with spinal cord injuries with respect to physical rehabilitation interventions.

Pereira, Luis

Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Antipsychotic Agents; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

Monitoring of Metabolic Adverse Effects Associated With Atypical Antipsychotics Use in an Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic.

Atypical antipsychotics are associated with metabolic complications that contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Current evidence reveal suboptimal adherence to the complex and variable official recommendations on metabolic monitoring in the corresponding patient population. A study evaluating metabolic monitoring at guideline-recommended intervals may help identify areas for intervention.

Grelet, Simon

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasms; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Messenger

EMT does not work regular shifts.

Yoldas, Hamit

Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Critical Care Outcomes; Critical Illness; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Length of Stay; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies

Novel Mortality Markers for Critically Ill Patients.

Inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived from a complete blood count have recently attracted attention as potential markers of morbidity and mortality in various diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of the NLR and PLR as markers of hospital stay and mortality of patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methqal, Ikram

Adult; Aged; Aging; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Humans; Language; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Task Performance and Analysis; Young Adult

More expertise for a better perspective: Task and strategy-driven adaptive neurofunctional reorganization for word production in high-performing older adults.

The suggestion that neurofunctional reorganization may contribute to preserved language abilities is still emerging in aging studies. Some of these abilities, such as verbal fluency (VF), are not unitary but instead rely on different strategic processes that are differentially changed with age. Younger (n = 13) and older adults (n = 13) carried out an overt self-paced semantic and orthographic VF tasks within mixed fMRI design. Our results suggest that patterns of brain activation sustaining equivalent performances could be underpinned by different strategies facing brain changes during healthy aging. These main findings suggest that temporally mediated semantic clustering and frontally mediated orthographic switching were driven by evolutive neurofunctional resources in high-performing older adults. These age-related activation changes can appear to be compatible with the idea that unique neural patterns expressing distinctive cognitive strategies are necessary to support older adults' performance on VF tasks.

Hoekstra, Femke

Adult; Athletic Performance; Canada; Disabled Persons; Exercise; Female; Government Regulation; Health Policy; Health Promotion; Humans; International Cooperation; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Netherlands; Quality of Life; Sports for Persons with Disabilities

National approaches to promote sports and physical activity in adults with disabilities: examples from the Netherlands and Canada.

This study described how the Dutch and Canadian governments promote high performance sports, recreational sports, and physical activity (PA) among adults with disabilities on a national level.

Sreevathsa, Prasad

Aneurysm, False; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Child, Preschool; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Aneurysm; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male

Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysms in Children-A Case Series.

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysms are very rare in children. In children, left ventricular pseudoaneurysms can occur following infection, trauma, ischemia, or cardiac surgery. The authors report a series of three cases treated at our hospital with two of the cases having a history of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and one patient with a history of varicella zoster infection.

Cai, Jingheng

Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Databases, Factual; Humans; Neoplasms; Population Surveillance; Proportional Hazards Models; Respiratory System; Survival Analysis

Bayesian analysis of semi-parametric Cox models with latent variables.

Respiratory cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers as well as the leading cause of cancer death. Numerous efforts have been devoted to reducing the death rate of respiratory cancer. In this article, we propose a semi-parametric Cox model with latent variables to assess the effects of observed and latent risk factors on survival time of respiratory cancer. The characteristics of latent risk factors are characterized via multiple observed indicators by a confirmatory factor analysis model. We develop a Bayesian estimation procedure to obtain the estimates of parameters. Simulation shows that the performance of the proposed methodology is satisfactory. The proposed method is applied to analyze the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data set.

Alpat, Safak

Abnormalities, Multiple; Aorta, Thoracic; Bays; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Palliative Care; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Transposition of Great Vessels

An Unusual Combination of Double Inlet Left Ventricle With Discordant Ventriculoarterial Connections and Bilateral Arterial Ducts.

The presence of bilaterally persistent arterial ducts is an uncommon abnormality. Here, we describe the anatomy and successful management of an unusual patient with bilateral ducts in the setting of double inlet left ventricle, discordant ventriculoarterial connections, aortic atresia, and a severely hypoplastic and serpentine aortic arch.

Liu, Zhuqing

Algorithms; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

A mixed-effects, spatially varying coefficients model with application to multi-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

Spatial resolution plays an important role in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies as the signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with voxel volume. In scientific studies, where functional magnetic resonance imaging is widely used, the standard spatial resolution typically used is relatively low which ensures a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. However, for pre-surgical functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, where spatial accuracy is paramount, high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging may play an important role with its greater spatial resolution. High spatial resolution comes at the cost of a smaller signal-to-noise ratio. This begs the question as to whether we can leverage the higher signal-to-noise ratio of a standard functional magnetic resonance imaging study with the greater spatial accuracy of a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a pre-operative patient. To answer this question, we propose to regress the statistic image from a high resolution scan onto the statistic image obtained from a standard resolution scan using a mixed-effects model with spatially varying coefficients. We evaluate our model via simulation studies and we compare its performance with a recently proposed model that operates at a single spatial resolution. We apply and compare the two models on data from a patient awaiting tumor resection. Both simulation study results and the real data analysis demonstrate that our newly proposed model indeed leverages the larger signal-to-noise ratio of the standard spatial resolution scan while maintaining the advantages of the high spatial resolution scan.

Due, Pernille

Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Occupations; Parents; Prevalence; Social Class; Students

Increasing prevalence of emotional symptoms in higher socioeconomic strata: Trend study among Danish schoolchildren 1991-2014.

<i>Aims:</i> The aims of this study were: (a) to examine trends in daily emotional symptoms among 11- to 15-year-olds from 1991 to 2014 in Denmark, and (b) to examine trends in social inequality in daily emotional symptoms, that is, whether the differences in prevalence between adolescents with parents of varying occupational social class changed over time. <i>Methods:</i> We combined seven comparable cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (<i>N</i>=31,169). Daily emotional symptoms were measured by the HBSC Symptom Check List and occupational social class (OSC) by students' reports about parents' occupation. We calculated absolute (per cent) differences in emotional symptoms between high and low OSC and relative differences by odds ratio for emotional symptoms by parents' OSC. <i>Results:</i> Eight per cent reported at least one daily emotional symptoms, with an increasing trend from 1991 to 2014 (<i>p</i>&lt;0.001). The prevalence in high, middle and low OSC was 6.2%, 7.4% and 10.6% (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0001). From 1991 to 2014, there was an increase in the prevalence of daily emotional symptoms in high (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0001) and middle (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0001) but not low OSC (<i>p</i>=0.4404). This resulted in a diminishing absolute social inequality in emotional symptoms. The statistical interaction between OSC and survey year was significant (<i>p</i>=0.0023) and suggests a diminishing relative social inequality in emotional symptoms from 1991 to 2014. <b><i>Conclusions:</i> There was an increasing prevalence of daily emotional symptoms from 1991 to 2014 and a diminishing social inequality in prevalence of daily emotional symptoms in terms of both absolute and relative social inequality.</b>

Nair, Anupama K

Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child, Preschool; Echocardiography; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Rare Diseases

Rare Combination of Pathologies Causing Mitral Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation: A Case Report.

A supramitral ring is a rare cause of mitral stenosis, while an isolated mitral valve cleft is a rare cause of congenital mitral regurgitation. Fortunately, both the lesions are known to have good outcomes after surgical correction. Although each is known to be associated with a variety of other structural heart defects, their coexistence has not been reported previously. We report a case of a three- and half-year-old boy detected to have a rare combination of supramitral ring producing severe mitral stenosis with a coexisting cleft in the anterior leaflet of mitral valve causing severe mitral regurgitation. The patient underwent successful surgical repair with resolution of both mitral stenosis and regurgitation.

Crook, Richard

Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Infant; Male

Cardiopulmonary Bypass for a Patient With Congenital Hyperinsulinemia.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is a clinical syndrome of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction characterized by failure to suppress insulin secretion in the presence of hypoglycemia. Here, we describe the concerns, the techniques used to ameliorate these potential problems, and the outcomes for a child with this condition undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for correction of an atrial septal defect.

Laird, Kelsey T

Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Aging; Depressive Disorder, Major; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Geriatric Psychiatry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Protective Factors; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quality of Life; Resilience, Psychological; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires

Clinical correlates of resilience factors in geriatric depression.

ABSTRACTBackground:Traditional perspectives conceptualize resilience as a trait and depression as resulting from resilience deficiency. However, research indicates that resilience varies substantially even among adults who are clinically depressed, as well as across the lifespan of an individual. Few studies have investigated resilience in depression, and even fewer have examined resilience in depressed older adults.

Gwynne, Kylie

Australia; Cultural Competency; Delivery of Health Care; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services, Indigenous; Humans; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

Improving the efficacy of healthcare services for Aboriginal Australians.

Objective The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the enablers for effective health service delivery for Aboriginal Australians. Methods This systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Papers were included if they had data related to health services for Australian Aboriginal people and were published between 2000 and 2015. The 21 papers that met the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Seven papers were subsequently excluded due to weak methodological approaches. Results There were two findings in the present study: (1) that Aboriginal people fare worse than non-Aboriginal people when accessing usual healthcare services; and (2) there are five enablers for effective health care services for Australian Aboriginal people: cultural competence, participation rates, organisational, clinical governance and compliance, and availability of services. Conclusions Health services for Australian Aboriginal people must be tailored and implementation of the five enablers is likely to affect the effectiveness of health services for Aboriginal people. The findings of the present study have significant implications in directing the future design, funding, delivery and evaluation of health care services for Aboriginal Australians. What is known about the topic? There is significant evidence about poor health outcomes and the 10-year gap in life expectancy between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, and limited evidence about improving health service efficacy. What does this paper add? This systematic review found that with usual health care delivery, Aboriginal people experience worse health outcomes. This paper identifies five strategies in the literature that improve the effectiveness of health care services intended for Aboriginal people. What are the implications for practitioners? Aboriginal people fare worse in both experience and outcomes when they access usual care services. Health services intended for Aboriginal people should be tailored using the five enablers to provide timely, culturally safe and high-quality care.

Santhiago, Marcony R

Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Referral and Consultation; Vision Tests

Editor's Comment.

Reddivalla, Naresh

Child; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease; Humans; Prospective Studies

Using liver elastography to diagnose sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoetic stem cell transplant.

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Traditional ultrasound (US) has poor sensitivity and specificity. US shear wave elastography (SWE) is a newer technology that measures liver stiffness. This is a single-institution, prospective cohort study evaluating SWE in patients younger than 21 years who received HSCT from December 2015 through June 2017. SOS was defined using the modified Seattle criteria. Subjects had US with SWE at three scheduled time points. t-tests were used to assess for difference between the groups and ROC curves were generated. Twenty-five patients were included. Five subjects developed SOS. At day +5 HSCT, SOS patients had SWE velocities that increased by 0.25 ± 0.21 m/s compared to 0.02 ± 0.18 in patients without SOS (p = 0.020). At day +14, SOS patients had SWE velocities that significantly increased by 0.91 m/s ± 1.14 m/s compared to 0.03 m/s ± 0.23 m/s in patients without SOS (p = 0.010). SWE SOS diagnosis occurred on average 9 and 11 days before clinical and conventional US diagnosis, respectively. Patients who develop SOS have increased liver stiffness compared to patients who do not develop SOS. SWE changes occur before other imaging and clinical findings of SOS.

Liu, Li

Combined Modality Therapy; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Injections; Liver Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Effects of Aidi Injection () with Western Medical Therapies on Quality of Life for Patients with Primary Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To evaluate the effects of Aidi Injection (, AD) in combination with Western medical therapies (WMT) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC).

Jiang, Li-Yuan

Acupuncture Points; Animals; Aquaporin 2; Arginine Vasopressin; Dehydration; Disease Models, Animal; Electroacupuncture; Endolymphatic Hydrops; Guinea Pigs

Arginine Vasopressin-Aquaporin-2 Pathway-Mediated Dehydration Effects of Electroacupuncture in Guinea Pig Model of AVP-Induced Eendolymphatic Hydrops.

To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and the regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-aquaporin-2 (AQP2) pathway in guinea pigs.

Wu, Qi

Disease Progression; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Function Tests; Surveys and Questionnaires

Effectiveness and Safety of Chinese Medicine for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) for Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients.

Li, Zhe

Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy; Data Mining; Humans; Meridians; Moxibustion; Parkinson Disease

Rules of Meridians and Acupoints Selection in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Based on Data Mining Techniques.

To help selecting appropriate meridians and acupoints in clinical practice and experimental study for Parkinson's disease (PD), the rules of meridians and acupoints selection of acupuncture and moxibustion were analyzed in domestic and foreign clinical treatment for PD based on data mining techniques.

Füeßl, H S

Arm

Weyrich, P

Acute Kidney Injury; Humans; Kidney; Proton Pump Inhibitors

Reinhardt, D

Child; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Füeßl, H S

Abdomen; Child; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Füeßl, H S

Bariatric Surgery; Body Weight; Gastric Bypass; Humans

Füeßl, H S

Tongue

Holzgreve, H

Athletes; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Humans; Sports

Diener, H C

Animals; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Brain Ischemia; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Phthiraptera; Stroke

Rasche, K

Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep Wake Disorders

Raby, K Lee

Academic Success; Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Social Skills; Young Adult

The Legacy of Early Abuse and Neglect for Social and Academic Competence From Childhood to Adulthood.

This study used data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 267) to investigate whether abuse and neglect experiences during the first 5 years of life have fading or enduring consequences for social and academic competence over the next 3 decades of life. Experiencing early abuse and neglect was consistently associated with more interpersonal problems and lower academic achievement from childhood through adulthood (32-34 years). The predictive significance of early abuse and neglect was not attributable to the stability of developmental competence over time, nor to abuse and neglect occurring later in childhood. Early abuse and neglect had enduring associations with social (but not academic) competence after controlling for potential demographic confounds and early sensitive caregiving.

Lane, Chloe

Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; Cognition; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Recognition, Psychology; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Characteristics; Sotos Syndrome; Young Adult

The cognitive profile of Sotos syndrome.

Sotos syndrome is a congenital overgrowth disorder, associated with intellectual disability. Previous research suggests that Sotos syndrome may be associated with relative strength in verbal ability and relative weakness in non-verbal reasoning ability but this has not been explicitly assessed. To date, the cognitive profile of Sotos syndrome is unknown. Cognitive abilities of a large and representative sample of individuals with Sotos syndrome (N = 52) were assessed using the British Ability Scales (BAS3). The majority of participants had intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. The cluster score profile analysis revealed a consistent verbal ability > non-verbal reasoning ability profile. Four specific criteria were proposed as the Sotos syndrome cognitive profile (SSCP): verbal ability > non-verbal reasoning ability; quantitative reasoning T-score or matrices T-score <20th percentile; quantitative reasoning T-score < mean T-score; recognition of designs T-score or recognition of pictures T-score > mean T-score. Of the 35 participants included in the profile analysis, 28 met all four SSCP criteria, yielding a sensitivity of 0.8. The sensitivity of each of the SSCP criteria was >0.9. Individuals with Sotos syndrome display a clear and consistent cognitive profile, characterized by relative strength in verbal ability and visuospatial memory but relative weakness in non-verbal reasoning ability and quantitative reasoning. This has important implications for the education of individuals with Sotos syndrome.

Cheston, Richard

Aged; Attitude; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Social Stigma; Social Support; Surveys and Questionnaires

Does personal experience of dementia change attitudes? The Bristol and South Gloucestershire survey of dementia attitudes.

Yaghmour, Sara Mahmoud

Caregivers; Cognitive Dysfunction; Culture; Dementia; Humans; Mediterranean Region

Dementia in Eastern Mediterranean countries: A systematic review.

Taylor, W St J

Aged; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Male; Paracentesis; Patient Selection; Sclerotherapy; Testicular Hydrocele

Is aspiration and sclerotherapy treatment for hydroceles in the aging male an evidence-based treatment?

Symptomatic hydroceles are commonly treated with surgical repair. They are associated with sexual dysfunction in the aging male. Patients who are not fit for surgery often undergo aspiration and sclerotherapy of the hydrocele. There is a range of sclerosing agents used in the literature. I performed a literature search to assess whether one sclerosant was better than the others. STDS is the sclerosing agent with the best cure rate after a single injection and low side effect rates. The cure rates of sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STDS) after a single aspiration and injection were 76%. After multiple treatments 94% achieved a cure. Patient satisfaction rates at mean 40 months were 95%. Complication rates were generally low and much lower than surgical repair. Aspiration and sclerotherapy have a role in treating symptomatic hydroceles. This literature review shows that this is over and above its current use in the UK, where it is used for patients unfit for general anaesthetic. If the patients are carefully selected for this procedure, they can have a good outcome and avoid the higher complication rate and longer recovery rates of surgical repair. Patients should be counselled about aspiration and sclerotherapy as part of the informed consent process.

Deisenhammer, Florian

Adult; Antibodies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoassay; Immunologic Factors; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Natalizumab; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult

Prediction of natalizumab anti-drug antibodies persistency.

Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) against natalizumab develop early during treatment. ADA persistency is defined by two consecutive positive results as performed by the current qualitative ELISA assay (positive/negative). Very little is known about the magnitude of the natalizumab ADA response and persistency.

Wei, Wei

Algorithms; Australia; Databases, Factual; Female; Genomics; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Survival Analysis

Semi-supervised identification of cancer subgroups using survival outcomes and overlapping grouping information.

Identification of cancer patient subgroups using high throughput genomic data is of critical importance to clinicians and scientists because it can offer opportunities for more personalized treatment and overlapping treatments of cancers. In spite of tremendous efforts, this problem still remains challenging because of low reproducibility and instability of identified cancer subgroups and molecular features. In order to address this challenge, we developed Integrative Genomics Robust iDentification of cancer subgroups (InGRiD), a statistical approach that integrates information from biological pathway databases with high-throughput genomic data to improve the robustness for identification and interpretation of molecularly-defined subgroups of cancer patients. We applied InGRiD to the gene expression data of high-grade serous ovarian cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study. The results indicate clear benefits of the pathway-level approaches over the gene-level approaches. In addition, using the proposed InGRiD framework, we also investigate and address the issue of gene sharing among pathways, which often occurs in practice, to further facilitate biological interpretation of key molecular features associated with cancer progression. The R package "InGRiD" implementing the proposed approach is currently available in our research group GitHub webpage ( https://dongjunchung.github.io/INGRID/ ).

Tsou, Tsung-Shan

Algorithms; Cluster Analysis; Computer Simulation; Likelihood Functions; Models, Statistical

A robust likelihood approach to inference about the kappa coefficient for correlated binary data.

We construct a legitimate likelihood function for the agreement kappa coefficient for correlated data without specifically modelling all levels of correlation. This makes available the likelihood ratio test, the score test and other tools without the knowledge of the underlying distributions. This parametric robust likelihood approach applies to general clustered data scenarios. We provide simulations and real data analysis to demonstrate the advantage of the robust procedure.

Solomonov, Nili

Adult; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Patients; Process Assessment, Health Care; Psychometrics; Psychotherapeutic Processes; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult

The Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions - 30 items (MULTI-30).

<b>Objective:</b> To develop a brief version of the Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions (MULTI-60) in order to decrease completion time burden by approximately half, while maintaining content coverage. Study 1 aimed to select 30 items. Study 2 aimed to examine the reliability and internal consistency of the MULTI-30. Study 3 aimed to validate the MULTI-30 and ensure content coverage. <b>Method:</b> In Study 1, the sample included 186 therapist and 255 patient MULTI ratings, and 164 ratings of sessions coded by trained observers. Internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) was calculated and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Psychotherapy experts rated content relevance. Study 2 included a sample of 644 patient and 522 therapist ratings, and 793 codings of psychotherapy sessions. In Study 3, the sample included 33 codings of sessions. A series of regression analyses was conducted to examine replication of previously published findings using the MULTI-30. <b>Results:</b> The MULTI-30 was found valid, reliable, and internally consistent across 2564 ratings examined across the three studies presented. <b>Conclusion:</b> The MULTI-30 a brief and reliable process measure. Future studies are required for further validation. <b>Clinical or methodological significance of this article:</b> The MULTI-30, developed and validated in this study, is a valid, reliable, and cost-effective brief measure which could be used to assess patients, therapists, and observers' perceptions of use of interventions from eight major therapeutic approaches. The MULTI-30 could be used to examine the role of use of specific interventions on process and outcome of different treatment modalities. It could also be used as a clinical tool in teaching, training, and supervision.

Najafian, Younes

Aged; Aloe; Diabetic Foot; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Preparations; Plantago; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing

Efficacy of Aloe vera/ Plantago Major Gel in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common complications of diabetic patients. Mostly, non-healing DFU leads to infection, gangrene, amputation and even death. High costs and poor healing of the wounds need a new treatment such as alternative medicine. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera/ Plantago major gel (Plantavera gel) in healing of DFU.

Wang, Gang

Anthocyanins; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chromones; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Glioblastoma; Glucosides; Glycolysis; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Morpholines; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 3; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Inhibition of glycolytic metabolism in glioblastoma cells by Pt3glc combinated with PI3K inhibitor via SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt-MAPK pathway.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive glioma with abnormal expression of genes that mediate glycolytic metabolism and tumor cell growth. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside (Pt3glc) is a kind of anthocyanin in the red grape and derived beverages, representing the most common naturally occurring anthocyanins with a reduced incidence of cancer and heart diseases. In this study, whether Pt3glc could effectively regulate glycolysis to inhibit GBM cell was investigated by using the DBTRG-05MG cell lines. Notably, Pt3glc displayed potent antiproliferative activity and significantly changed the protein levels related to both glycolytic metabolism and GBM cell survival. The expression of the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein was increased with concomitant reduction on the levels of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 and caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, the levels of survival signaling proteins, such as protein kinase B (Akt) and phospho-Akt (Scr473), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phospho-ERK, were significantly decreased by Pt3glc in combination with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor of LY294002. Most importantly, the levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and phosphorylated p53 were also downregulated, indicating that Pt3glc combinated with PI3K inhibitor could induce GBM cell death may act via the SIRT3/p53-mediated mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt-ERK pathways. Our findings thus provide rational evidence that the combination of Pt3glc with PI3K inhibitor, which target alternative pathways in GBM cells, may be a useful adjuvant therapy in glioblastoma treatment.