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That was in an elder age. When the elves could field mighty armies, and Elendil the Tall ruled both Arnor and Gondor. But during Frodo's time, the Noldor are practically all gone, and the blood of Númenor is all but spent. And Sauron would be no weaker, if the Ring were returned to him. </s>

The Last Alliance of Elves and Men was MUCH stronger than Gondor and Rohan, and they only defeated Sauron through pure luck </s>

<s>[INST] [Lord of the Rings] Why is Sauron having the Ring such a big deal? He had it once, and was defeated. Even if Sauron acquired the Ring, he could still be defeated, no? [/INST]

You can buy reusable cheese cloth, it’s sturdier fabric and has edging so it won’t fray apart. Be sure to use unscented laundry detergent. The kind you get at the supermarket is single use & meant to be thrown away </s>

In restaurants, we typically just throw it out after one use. It comes I a box with like 150ft or something for professional use, so we don’t concern ourselves with reusing it. </s>

<s>[INST] What’s the best way to wash a cheesecloth? I was wringing shredded zucchini yesterday and spent a long time trying to get all the flecks of zucchini out of the cheesecloth afterwards and the faucet was on way too long as I repeatedly rinsed it out - I hate to waste water. Is there an optimal way to wash a cheesecloth? [/INST]

Check out Bitterballen. It’s Dutch bar food that is essentially beef stew balls that are deep fried. It is ridiculously good, and I have no idea why I haven’t found it elsewhere. </s>

Cuts of beef that'd make decent nuggets would be expensive. Think about a chicken breast vs a steak. You can take a cheap ass chicken breast and just eat it with a fork and knife. Beef, the cuts the same price would be pretty awful to just eat like that. Now adult beef nuggets, I just think of burnt ends. Lil chunks of smokey beef brisket deliciousness. </s>

<s>[INST] Whereas chicken nuggets are a mainstay of many fast food locations, why have I never even heard of "beef nuggets" made anywhere? Why haven't we heard of beef nuggets? Why is there no such thing being made in any restaurant? For you experimental types out there - would you care to make beef into nugget-sized pieces and place them in a deep-fryer, in order to fry them the same way as chicken nuggets? Then taste them, and report back on how they are. I'd like a rational explanation for why there've never been beef nuggets. Please, and thanks. [/INST]

They had ships but they had stopped exploring and turned insular. Also there was massive denial that the planet was gonna blow. (also lets not forget both Kal and Kara were sent so they're were two ships) Jor-El and Zor-el were considered madmen. </s>

Only two that we know of that were sent to Earth. How many ships launched too late trying to save as many as possible? How many ships never made it to a yellow main sequence star before the life support failed? How many ships made it to a planet without a yellow sun where the refugees became normal citizens without any interest in traveling to a world where they would have superpowers? How many escaped the doom only to return and die of radiation poisoning from exposure to kryptonite while trying to figure out what happened? There could be many survivors we don't know about. </s>

<s>[INST] [DC] Wait, so you're telling me the entire planet Krypton only has one space-travelling ship? and it's made to fit only a baby? Why isn't there any other space ships lying around Krypton? Kal-El's parents could've went with him. Why didn't Jor-El design a ship just a little bigger to fit his entire family at least? [/INST]

While they emit light, very few photons actually hit us. If you take a high exposure picture of the sky you will see a lot of stars and galaxies that you normally can't see. However, that doesn't fully explain it. The universe is big, really big, so where is everything? The universe is expanding faster than the speed of light, so we can only see light from objects within a certain distance of us because the light coming from outside our visible universe can't reach us. It gets more interesting than that, the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Because of this, our visible universe is slowly shrinking. At some point in the very very far future we won't be able to see the rest of the universe because the light can't reach us. </s>

Stars do emit light, but there's nothing in space for the light to bounce off of. The light bulbs in your house light up the rooms because the light hits the walls and objects in the room. Space doesn't have any walls or objects. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is space black? Aren't the stars emitting light? I don't understand the NASA explanation. [/INST]

Fuck no . </s>

I think you've developed Stockholm Syndrome. </s>

<s>[INST] If you aren’t actually 100% working during the workday, are you suppose to work overtime to make up the lost time? During a normal 8-9 hour workday I believe that most people aren’t working the whole time, whether it’s using the restroom, heating up your lunch or feeling burnt from looking at the screen for 5+ hours. Do you stay a little bit later to make up the difference in lost time of not actually working? [/INST]

Trains are almost 100% automated. Control of railroad switches is more and more centralized. Building of the rail path is automated. Most of the railroad staff is there just in case the automatic system fails or power outage. Railroad companies know that even if they automatize it further it will not reduce the staff significantly so they aren't pushing for more automatization anymore. </s>

Lots of good comments here, about the non-deterministic things that humans do, the stakes (hundreds of passengers), and the remarkable extent to which trains are already automated. However, there's one thing I don't see here yet: How much more efficiency can you gain by eliminating people entirely from trains? If a train carries 500 passengers or 100 cars of cargo, and has a technical staff (i.e. driving, navigating, communicating) of three or four, we're not going to change economies much by eliminating those three or four people. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Trains seem like no-brainers for total automation, so why is all the focus on Cars and trucks instead when they seem so much more complicated, and what's preventing the train from being 100% automated? [/INST]

[Not a doctor, shhhhh!] I'm guessing you didn't have a cold then. Common cold is a virus and takes several days (up to a week), to flush out. Other fatigues/illnesses can develop cold-like symptoms. From my experience, temporary allergic reactions are often mistook for cold (runny nose, sometimes with thick brown mucus, tiredness, cough...). I'm currently having an allergic reaction and I didn't know up until yesterday whether it was cold or allergies. Sucker gave himself away when for the first time this week, my eyes started to water and itch -> antihistamine -> problem solved. Again, this is just a guess. Maybe a cold infection could disperse in a day, although that would be the first time I've heard about it (annoying little f***er) A real doctor/bioligist could give you the definite answer. </s>

Ear, nose and throat doctor, here. Why does it rain for 5 minutes, sometimes, and other times rain for 3 days? The bigger issue here is why one would assume any illness would be predictable or nailed down to last a certain duration? There is a lot going on, biologically. Some replies are stating "different viruses, different durations." Sure, but, there is some significant variation in th e same household. Each person has a certain tuning or calibration ton their immune system. Lots of factors affect how the immune system functions, including the patient's other medical problems, state of nutrition, fitness, emotional stress, sleep deprivation. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why do symptoms of a cold sometimes go away overnight and sometimes take several days to fade away? [/INST]

Get yourself on the Texas putative father registry ASAP. This is a preemptive legal maneuver which signals your intent to claim paternity and preserves your legal rights to make sure that you receive notice about any court proceedings regarding the child (adoption, severing rights, etc.) so you can intervene. </s>

She's wrong, she cannot give up the baby for adoption without your consent. Make sure to establish paternity once the child is born. </s>

<s>[INST] Girlfriend (now ex) is pregnant and wants to give up for adoption. I don't. What are my rights? (Texas) Girlfriend just broke up with me. She's three months pregnant and told me that she wants to give up the baby for adoption and "there's nothing I can do". She's 19 I'm 20. I want to be the father to this child and if she doesn't want the baby it's fine for her but I do want the baby. Can she do it without my consent? What are my rights here? We're at Houston, Texas. [/INST]

Try to come up with a project to do on your own. Anything that showcases your skills as an engineer would be worthwhile. If you document it well you can use it in a portfolio and bring it up in interviews later on. </s>

Enjoy your summer. It’s the last one you will get. </s>

<s>[INST] I'm about to start my senior year and failed to land an internship this summer, how can I make the most out of my vacation ? [/INST]

Gotta give us more my dude. “I got fired” “Why did you get fired” “I just got fired, help me” You’re holding something back, or this is a shit post. Sorry for the negativity just seems odd. </s>

What reason were you given for your dismissal? </s>

<s>[INST] I just got fired from my job due to racist coworkers and I don't know what to do. To give a bit of context to the title of this post, let me begin with this. I live in La Mesa, California, and I've been working at this hospital as a nurse manager for about 10-11 years now. Last year, around October or November, a few of my coworkers started throwing racist comments at me, and when I told the higher ups about the situation, they said that they'll see what they can do about it. About a week later, I got fired from my job, and I don't know what to do. All of my family members are in the Philippines right now, and I don't even have the money to go there. What should I do? Should I file a lawsuit or something? [/INST]

Contact a lawyer. There's a good chance that they'll give you a free consultation. I asked someone I know about it offline, and she mentioned that they hold meetings and classes specifically regarding this kind of privacy breach. She said: Do not tell anyone irl about this, contact a lawyer immediately. </s>

Your best bet is to communicate with HR to recall all material that has your information. So far no damages have been incurred so it’s unlikely you can pursue legal action at this point. If I was in your position, I would purchase fraud prevention services and ask for your company to reimburse you for those current and future services. Maybe upward to 5 years. </s>

<s>[INST] During a training, HR accidentally showed a view of their portal that showed all of my PII including SSN and my salary to half the company and then distributed a video recording of the training to the rest of the company I didn't even know about this until someone else at the company notified me. The company is based in Virginia. As far as I know no harm has come to me as a result of this, but is there anything I should do/be prepared for or action I should take? [/INST]

Taste and spit and be incredibly clear with my cook as to why I'm doing it. I hate sundried tomatoes and cilantro/parsley tastes like soap to me. I can still taste the balance and know professionally how it all works, but I sure dont jave to like it. Same goes for wine. I can taste and pair as I want but when it comes down to it, I drink dessert wine and patio pounders at home. </s>

I wonder about this wrt allergies. I have a pretty serious tree nut allergy (cashews, almonds, pecans, etc) ... and I know it's not an uncommon allergy. And yet nuts are expected in a lot of salads and desserts. How do professional chefs deal with that? Even taste & spit isn't an option. </s>

<s>[INST] How do you deal with ingredients you cannot eat as a chef? How do you deal with ingredients that you cannot eat when cooking for others. For example: I absolutely despise coriander/cilantro and cannot eat even a small amount of it without the taste lingering for ages. But when get cook for others some recipes ask for it. So how do you deal with those ingredients while still maintaining the quality of the dish and taste testing? [/INST]

Don’t even consider it… Why would they feel entitled to make a demand like that? </s>

Please don’t declaw your cat. It will cause her/ him immense pain. This is unacceptable </s>

<s>[INST] I’m being forced to declaw my cat Hey you guys. Recently my grandmother was diagnosed with kidney failure and had to stay in the hospital for 3 weeks for her kidneys to start back up. My grandparents asked that I move in with them to help out but I have a cat who is my absolute best friend. I’ve had her for 2 years and we’ve been inseparable. My grandparents agreed to having her move in with us. Recently they started to worry more and more about furniture being destroyed. They just told me that the only way to keep her with me is to declaw her front two paws. I am in shambles. I have always been against declawing.. do any you guys have declawed cats? Do they change afterwards? I just really need some guidance. When they told me I had to do this I immediately went to the bathroom and bawled my eyes out. Lala is my bestfriend and I don’t want her to be in pain. [/INST]

If 1 out of 20 teachers call out sick at a school, there should be enough substitute teachers to take their place. The school runs close to 100% of normal levels. If 1 out of 9 teachers call out sick, there are not enough substitutes. Some of the administration like assistant principals have to step in. This prevents them from doing their normal tasks. The executive function of the school decreases much more than the 11% of the teachers that are out. The same happens in your body. It functions at much lower % than the 11% loss of oxygen </s>

Others have already addressed the main issue but just want to address a potential misconception. Oxygen is replenished and transferred to blood cells in the lungs, then blood cells travel to the rest of the body and release the oxygen for other cells to use. HOWEVER, the blood cells normally don't actually release 100% oxygen before they make it back to the lung. Here's a illustration showing roughly that while it varies, even under intense exercise the blood cells still hold on to 35% of the oxygen. That means under typical situations you only have access to 65% of max oxygen pool in your blood. Now that is extremely simplified to the point where I should add caveats but you should get the general idea that that 7% difference is much closer to 11%, and any further drop in O2 is actually a larger impact than the flat % would suggest. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is a blood oxygen level of 95% OK, but at 88% you need to go to the emergency room? What is the significance of that 7% difference? [/INST]

Where are you located? Even without a gift letter 8 years is beyond the statute of limitations for an unsecured debt in most states Edit. Even if they could demonstrate this wasn’t a gift, without a written contract they no longer have a civil remedy to pursue the funds. The statute of limitations hit in 2019. </s>

Did they present you with a gift letter that you gave your mortgage company? </s>

<s>[INST] Family member trying to sue me over a gift When we bought our house in 2014, part of our down payment was a gift from a family member. There has been a falling out with them over the last few years, and now I have received a certified letter inquiring about repayment of this gift. I’m guessing this is the first step to trying to sue us for this money. Do they have any legal recourse in this situation? Located in IL [/INST]

The same thing has happened with me before with ADP at my previous job. Have him go to payroll ASAP and they should be able to pull the money back and deposit it on your husband's account :) </s>

Also, make sure this check doesn't end up jacking y'all's taxes! Something similar happened to me a few years ago and the company reissued my paycheck and bonus (released same day) but when I got my W-2 it was about $9,000 more than I expected and getting everything adjusted was a massive pain in the ass. And it was all because they didn't remove the stolen income from my pay. </s>

<s>[INST] Someone changed my husband’s direct deposit information at work and had his paycheck deposited into their account Husband was supposed to be paid on Friday. I noticed on Sunday that it was not deposited into our account. He followed up today with payroll and they show him a copy of a generic ADP payroll change request someone submitted with his name and SSN. The voided check they attached had no name or address and was from Salt Lake City. We are on the other side of the country. What should we do? Is there any hope of recovering the money? Do we call the police? [/INST]

They're an aromatic. They may not "taste" like anything when you put a dried leaf in your mouth, but if you put your face in a big bowl of them you'll sure "taste" something </s>

Not sure why you didn’t taste anything because they are pretty bitter. Fresh fenugreek leaves especially. Your batch may have been very old. Or maybe it wasn’t fenugreek? Believe me, that fresh stuff needs work to make it palatable. </s>

<s>[INST] Do Fenugreek leaves (methi leaves) actually taste like anything? I’ve been cooking some Indian/Persian dishes recently and decided to use fresh fenugreek leaves. Weirdly, I and some friends all tried the leaves and thought they had no discernible flavor. I threw a whole bunch of them into a masala and couldn’t tell a difference. Feel like I’m being gaslit by Big Fenugreek or something. Anyone know what’s up? [/INST]

Hulks hands are bigger and can move more air, making the move much more effective than someone with normal hands would be capable of even with comparable strength. </s>

Well for Thor the reason is obvious. Dude can summon lightning, why bother? Similarly Absorbing Man would never want to keep you away from him. As for the others? They do. Thing has Juggernaut has Only Rhino and Abomination haven't but both could if they wanted. Rhino's would suck though, he's not actually that strong. </s>

<s>[INST] [Hulk] Why do characters with strength comparable to the Hulk's never copy his thunderclap move? It isn't some specific superpower of the Hulk's: He just claps his hands really, really hard. You'd think characters like Abomination, the Thing, Juggernaut, Rhino, Thor and Absorbing Man could replicate the trick. [/INST]

Before the switch to Hangouts, Google chat used to allow you to specify /italics/, \_underline\_, and \*bold\* format with just text symbols like that. I think the main reason it went away was that symbols are difficult to type on a phone, because the keyboards are not optimized for it. </s>

Emoji *are* text (UNICODE, as previously mentioned), bold, italic, and underlining are things you *do to* text. Presently, the mobile messaging and phone technology standards don't account for formatting text. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is it that we have emojis but have yet to utilize bold, italics, or underlining in text messages? [/INST]

Is there a subreddit for stuff like this? Updates on news stories after they fall out of cycle? Examples that come to mind: Sony Hack, Deflategate, Batman Movie Theatre Shooting, or more light-hearted stories such as whatever happened to that one drunk dude who climbed on a store-mounted bicycle and smashed his head into the pavement after it fell. </s>

I'm just assuming The Interview made the money it needed. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: What ever happened with the Sony hack situation? Last I heard, N Korea denied any involvement and independent investigators said it was probably a former employee. Then it fell out of the news cycle. What happened? [/INST]

I'm pretty sure you need to directly give permission to an individual vampire for them to come in but you can put some garlic on all the entrances to your bedroom to make sure. </s>

Depends on the lore, in Buffy, yes it would work: Angelus was able to enter a building that had a Latin sign which welcomed all who sought knowledge. He decided he was a seeker of knowledge and walked right in. Is most other lore, I’m guessing no based on the comments. And you feel tired because of your excessive caffeine usage. Go a day or two without any caffeine at all, it’ll suck an absolute warehouse full of dicks, but after the first day or so, it will get better, just don’t be tempted to go back too hard. Limit yourself to two or three coffees a day at most, and no energy drinks. Go to bed earlier, eat healthier and exercise more. </s>

<s>[INST] [General Vampires] My wife has a large “WELCOME” sign by our front door. Has she given vampires permission to enter our house? Is this why I feel so tired every morning? [/INST]

Had an engineer in a meeting keep asking me why I wasn’t working on X task. I was working on X task. This went back and forth like 3 times before I had to yell at him that I was working on it because he wasn’t listening. It was more comical than serious, but it did happen. The only times anyone has actually gotten angry at my workplace were at inanimate objects. Our welding machine not working, ERP going down, punching and shattering an HMI because it was the worst designed POS on the planet, etc.. </s>

Has any engineer *not* had a disagreement with another engineer? I feel like arguing is part of our job description. </s>

<s>[INST] Yelling at someone in a professional manner I once worked at a place where some of the engineers would get in heated arguments with other engineers over the best way to solve a problem. &#x200B; Have you ever had a disagreement with another engineer? What happened? &#x200B; Any advice for resolving disagreements on the job? [/INST]

Yeah, in about a years time you can fire him out of a cannon </s>

No. Nothing that happens on that night can be held against the participants, that's the point. </s>

<s>[INST] [The Purge] My employee tried to kill me on Purge Night. Can I fire him without any employment law/HR headaches? [/INST]

He tried that already. His *opening move* was to destroy the compound, which he did well enough to turn a small patch of Westchester into a hellscape. </s>

"Let him have his fun" There are very few things in the MCU that can take thanos in a straight fight. We've seen him take on the Avenger's heavy hitters and the whole group before. He assumed he could simply crush these guys like all other resistance. By the time he realized he was wrong, it was too late. </s>

<s>[INST] [MCU Endgame] Why didn't Thanos just "rain fire" on Cap and the assembled forces before they engaged in close combat? Could've softened them up, at least. [/INST]

Dude, Jameson was literally in the grasp of a crazy man on a high-tech glider and wearing a goblin mask. This individual has already killed people, and Jameson has every reason to believe that the Goblin wouldn't hesitate to kill him. He also has every reason to believe that the Goblin could kill Peter. In other words, Jameson was ready to give his life to protect Peter Parker. Put another way, what good is worrying about getting more Spider-Man photos *if you're dead*? </s>

JJJ is an old school news man. He'll die before burning a source. Simple as that. Whatever other multitude of flaws he has, he is a man of integrity who will not budge from his principles. </s>

<s>[INST] [Spiderman 1] When J. Jonah was refusing to tell Green Goblin who the photographer was, was he doing it to protect Peter or just because he wouldn't get Spiderman photos anymore ? [/INST]

Additional advice: sign up for Informed Delivery and take screenshots of the mail you’re missing as it comes in. There is also an option to mark the mail as stolen, which will be sent to USPIS. </s>

They have no likely legal obligation to deliver mail from a shared box to your subtenant but they do have a legal obligation to keep their hands off of and leave mail addressed to your subtenant in the box so that they can pick up their own mail. BTW: Your subtenant needs to be the one to complain to the postal service since if it is their mail. </s>

<s>[INST] Neighbor is holding my USPS Mail and refuses to deliver it I live in a rent control house in San Francisco. It is three stories -- I have the lower story. The entire house shares one address and one mail box. My neighbor's family owns the building. My neighbor does not own the building. Currently there is a sublet tenant in my unit. This is permitted under my lease. My neighbor objects. As a way to try to get me to move they are refusing to deliver DMV mail and insurance mail. I have contacted the US Postal inspector and filed a complaint. What further legal options do I have? What actions can I take? Best -JW- [/INST]

Only a few more years until the 9/11 questions flood in. I hope you are all ready for that day. </s>

Does that mean we can discuss Clinton’s impeachment from December 1998, but NOT the 1999 Senate trial? ;) </s>

<s>[INST] Happy New Year, AskHistorians! You may now have historical relations with 1998. We are SO EXCITED for all your questions about Exxon-Mobil merger and the world's longest suspension bridge and the antitrust case against Microsoft and the International Space Station and how books 2 in both Martin's *A Song of Ice and Fire* and Rowling's *Harry Potter* series were released the same year and... Just kidding. Ask us about Viagra, N*sync, and what the definition of "is" is. May 2018 be the best year of your life so far and the worst year of your life to come! [/INST]

Immortals can't go all out on mortals. Atlas explained that on The Titans Curse. </s>

The same reason Ares didn’t just zort Percy into oblivion in their duel at the end of The Lightning Thief. The gods have a set of divine laws they have to follow, which includes them not being allowed to use their full power against demigods. </s>

<s>[INST] [Percy Jackson] If seeing a god's true form instantly kills mortals, including demigods, then why didn't the gods use this as an instant win button in the multiple times in the series that gods have battled demigods? [/INST]

It seems no one else has mentioned the fact that with a mirror there is a feedback loop where you can instantaneously adjust your expression, position, angle, all without even realizing it, creating the "look" that you like in a split second. With a photo, you have to do it by muscle memory, and unless you've practiced a lot, it will be slightly off, and even a subtle change in your desired "look" can seem wrong. </s>

Camera makes middle of your face (nose) bigger and sides of face smaller until it's like 3 ft away and that's why selfie sticks were a thing for a bit </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why does it seem like I look better in the mirror than I do on a camera ? [/INST]

If you look at a mirror in your bathroom, one meter away, it takes about 7x10^-9 s for light to make the round trip, so technically you're seeing 7x10^-9 s into your past. What you're describing is the same thing with a larger number. </s>

I think people are looking at the wrong part of the problem. The "past" doesn't include the *launch time*, but once it's in place already, *then* we observe. The mirror should show us events from two years prior to the moment we observe from, correct? Lets say we observe the mirror in 2020 (being already 1 LY away). We should see light from 2018, correct? </s>

<s>[INST] What if we put a mirror in space, 1 light year from earth and we pointed Hubble at it would it be possible to see two years into earths past? [/INST]

Something else to highlight - cars have gotten significantly more fuel efficient. But we've used that efficiency to add power, not increase economy. The average new car.... 1980 MPG - 16 mpg Horsepower - 118hp Weight - 3,221 lbs (actually from 1987) 2020 MPG - 25 mpg Horsepower - 247hp Weight - 4,156lbs So we've doubled power while still increasing fuel economy by 56%. If we look to match performance with the average 1980 car, we're 422% as efficient now. But like the other answers have stated, safety, consumer preference, etc has soaked up a lot of those gains. </s>

In 1969 the average fuel efficiency was 12.9 mpg In 1990 it was 19.5 mpg in 2018 it was 21.8 It seems like fuel efficiency pretty steadily climbs over time. It's not like there is some magic technology that makes it double every year or anything but it's risen almost every year for half a century a bit at a time. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is that cars don't get significantly more fuel efficient year by year? [/INST]

Yes, as long as you LABEL THEM IN DETAIL. Don't ask how I know to add that last qualifier... </s>

Pro baker here. You can absolutely do that. It's just like buying a cake mix from the store except with your recipe. The first bakery I worked at did that for their bread mixes since it was wholesale bread bakery. Saves lots of time, but be careful not to mess up the mix. We used to use a checklist and each item got crossed off once it went in the mixer so there were no mistakes in the process. </s>

<s>[INST] Can I mix the dry ingredients for my bakes and store them for later use? I have a small cake business which I really love but I’m finding ways to make it easier because I am just EXHAUSTED. Is it a good idea to just mix my dry ingredients and store them in a ziploc bag until I’m ready to use? As in the dry ingredients for brownies, chocolate cakes , vanilla cupcakes etc. So they will contain ingredients like baking powder, baking soda, flour, cocoa powder etc Would I need to refrigerate this for any reason? [/INST]

Some people will tell you that the trash can is just an entrance to a larger underground dwelling. However, because the trash can has been shown to be mobile (Oscar can pop his legs out the bottom and walk it places) the only logical conclusion is that Oscar is actually a time lord and the trash can is camouflage used by his TARDIS. </s>

Oscar the Grouch is a member of a unique class of monster called "Grouches", who seem to relish in things "normal" people find repulsive. Grouches like rotten things, terrible smells, and bad attitudes, meaning that Oscar is really getting on quite well in his trash can. For him, that may be the equivalent of a high-end condo where people quite literally shower him with gifts. Notably, that trash can isn't just a normal trash can, but instead has a unique feature: A tunnel/portal to Grouchland, USA, home of the grouches as a whole. So, to summarize, it is a great place for a grouch to live that has all the comforts of a normal home (for them) and has a path to his hometown. </s>

<s>[INST] [Sesame Street] Why must Oscar live in a trash can? Why don't Bert & Ernie or the Count let him crash on their couch for a while until he gets back on his feet? [/INST]

As u/grag2912 pointed out, he was *always* snooty. He was also always *from* Seattle, but he lived in Boston. After his relationship with Diane, he met and married Lilith, and they had a son, Frederick. Lilith and Frasier got divorced, Lilith got custody, and Frasier decided to move back to Seattle to be closer to his dad (as he retired and was less mobile) and his brother, where he took the radio job. </s>

Frasier definitely started going there for Diane but I'd guess he liked being around simple, decent folk. Or lacking that, the patrons at the bar. Kind of like he felt that taking a break from all his worries sure could mean a lot. Also, having known a few snooty types, he definitely liked to casually mention to his snooty friends that sometimes he went to this really quaint and colourful bar that hardly even served drinkable wine. </s>

<s>[INST] [Frasier/Cheers] Why did Frasier go from frequenting a Boston dive bar, to being snooty upper crust in Seattle? The Frasier in Seattle seems like the kind of person who wouldn’t be caught dead in a bar like Cheers. So what happened? [/INST]

If it’s makes you feel better, you will enjoy less property crime. I used to live next to something similar and because there were night staff on and some residents were a little curious, we enjoyed a complete crime free stay! </s>

>Was the realtor required to disclose? No. </s>

<s>[INST] Closed on my home and recently found out the house next door is a mental health group home (non-profit). Was the realtor required to disclose this during the sale? Bergen county, NJ The title kinda says it all. We just closed on a beautiful home and found out our neighbor is group home for non-self sufficient disabled men. Was the realtor required to disclose? We were notified our taxes went up this year about $500, based on a $100,000 raise of appraisal, which we thought was appropriate until our neighbor clued us in. My neighbor only told us about it because I complained our neighbors were watching me and my fiancé do yard work for hours. Any advice would be greatly appreciated! [/INST]

Well, he stole 3,000 dollars from her, so... Get a lawyer. </s>

Fuck him, that's what happens. He's gonnna learn today. My cousin did the same shit to my grandma for roughly the same ammount, and he got off scott free since they couldn't prove that he was the one who made the transactions, even though they went into his own personal paypal account. This was Arizona by the way. He deserves to go to jail for this, regardless if you, and daddy wrote a check or not. </s>

<s>[INST] NC: My stepson (17M) used my daughter's (18F) credit card 5 times, for between $500 and $700 each totaling $3000. My husband and I wrote her a check but she didn't cash it and went to the police. My stepson is in custody on 5 ADULT charges. What to do? [/INST]

There’s even something else that comes into play before what the top comments are mentioning. If you zoom in with a microscope, you’ll notice that the image gets dimmer and dimmer the more you zoom. That’s because light from a smaller and smaller area is being spread out to your entire field of view. At some zooming point, there will be almost no photons to even produce that image, and this point is far before the wavelength of light. EDIT: Hmm, I guess it’s not that far before the wavelength of light. And you can of course just pump more light in. But the image quality definitely degrades a lot due to the limited amount of light, and using too much of a high energy bulb could come with other effects as well. </s>

Lots of good comments here already about how the wavelength of light is a limiting factor for conventional microscopy. It's worth mentioning that we can "see" things smaller than that, but through indirect means. One such way is by using the power of X-rays, which have a much shorter wavelength than visible light, such that the X-rays interact with the electrons of molecules. Growing crystals of something and then measuring how these X-rays are scattered is the basis of a method called X-ray crystallography, which is regularly used to "visualize" (or more accurately build models that are consistent with the data) to "see" what proteins and nucleic acids look like on an atomic level. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: If we can see cells with a microscope, why can’t we just keep adding lenses/magnification to see atoms fairly clearly (with electrons etc.)? [/INST]

Hermes is racist against Zoidberg's species, and he turned the others against him. It first became obvious when he deducted the cost of Leela crashing from Zoidberg's pay. It's obvious from Zoidberg's lifestyle that Hermes is still sabotaging Zoidberg's pay, even years later. Zoidberg's also an easy target because he's a terrible doctor, smells horrific, and eats things nothing should eat, but that doesn't excuse Hermes's behaviour. Frankly, I expect better from a grade 34 bureaucrat. </s>

Oh, so you think it's just a coincidence that he's both miserably poor *and* desperately lonely </s>

<s>[INST] [Futurama] Why is everyone so mean to Zoidberg? "With my last breath, I curse Zoidberg!" Why? Zoidberg's not any worse than the other characters. So why they always hating on Dr. Z? [/INST]

I'm going to go out on a limb and say The Doctor. The powers wouldn't do much for him, but the lack of inhibitions could just make him omnicidal. </s>

Carnage. He's bad enough already without also gaining toon physics and indestructibility. </s>

<s>[INST] [The Mask] Who would be the absolute worst person to wear the Mask who hasn't already? [/INST]

Your body weight in pounds is the so-called 'static load'; I.E. your weight while still and unmoving. When you walk, each heel-strike has considerably more force than your weight in pounds: your body is under the strain of the 'dynamic load' of your mass moving under the effect of gravity. As a simple analogy, compare a rock sitting on a surface to picking that same rock up to your center of gravity and dropping it. Obviously the dropped rock has a much greater force, as its kinetic energy multiplies the weight. In the same fashion, walking and running multiplies the forces acting on your joints. </s>

Place a rock on your foot. That's how much it weighs. Now drop the rock on your foot. Different experience? Walking or especially running requires your knees to not just support your body weight but stopping your falling body weight. </s>

<s>[INST] eli5: how does it work that for every pound of weight you lose, there is a 4 pound stress reduction in your knees? [/INST]

Because England and the United States have been the two most powerful imperialist nations in the planet for the last 150 years, creating the global market that most countries operate within. And since English is the language of the two nations most responsible for establishing these markets and forcing other nations into them, English became the international language of business. It is, in fact **not** “the worldwide language of communication” but it is the de facto language of the business world, which is the area in which most nations interact with each other. </s>

Otto Von Bismark remarked during the Spanish-American war that the most significant event of the 20th century would be "the fact that the North Americans speak English." Of all the colonial powers, England produced easily the most successful former colonies who all speak English. That has a lot to do with England being the supreme naval power in the world during the colonial era. Then it was the US as the world's sole superpower during the rise of globalization, the age of information and the internet. Today roughly 40% of global GDP comes from the "anglosphere" </s>

<s>[INST] eli5: Why is english the world wide language of communication? [/INST]

They don't have a brig, it's a small ship/station. And even if they did, it wouldn't help against the imposters. Remember that the crew is under constant attack from presumably aliens that they can only kill to stop them. Containing the subjects could also lead to more panic among the crew, imagine being locked up with someone you think is an Imposter. </s>

Even if they had a brig, it would need air too, which means it's hooked up to the vents. </s>

<s>[INST] [Among Us] Why do the crewmates vote to eject someone instead of putting them in a brig for example? [/INST]

There’s a story about an NZ Robin that was near extinct (literally like 8 individuals left, and only 1 of those was a female able to breed). These robins typically mate for life, but when her mate was getting old and wasn’t able to properly fertilise her eggs she left him and found a younger male to mate with. These eggs were viable so a team of researchers that had been studying these birds removed her eggs to artificially incubate them, and she laid another clutch. She literally saved her species by swapping partners </s>

There's a small antelope like creature called the Dik-dik. Monogamy is basically enforced by the females. The males might try other relationships if the opportunity presents it self. They also have a romeo and Juliet thing going where if one of the couple dies, the other one will commit suicide. They make themselves easy prey for preditors. In the Mara there are rumours that they will even approach Lions, to die. </s>

<s>[INST] Do other monogamous animals ever "fall out of love" and separate like humans do? [/INST]

Just to note - it’s an issue for babies up to the age of 1, so not really a problem for toddlers in general (although some babies may be toddling at 12 months). Once they are over 12 months it is considered safe. In babies under 1, the worry is the possible presence of botulinum toxin, which can cause paralysis. In older children and adults this can be defeated by the bodies natural defences so it becomes much less dangerous at that point. In adults the same toxin is used in cosmetics (Botox). </s>

...I've never even heard of this (not giving honey to toddlers). ...and I might have a child within the next few years. SMH. &#x200B; Anyone know some other info i might need to know like this? </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is honey dangerous to toddlers and infants? [/INST]

There is also a slight inflammatory reaction from the white blood cells that are hanging out in the area to make sure you don’t get an infection, and the inflammation can cause itching. </s>

Mainly histamine release (the same reaction that goes haywire and causes hives during an allergic reaction). The main purpose is to increase blood supply to the area, which is important for healing. Itching is a side effect. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why do small open wounds and burns get itchy while healing? [/INST]

1772 BC to the Code of Hammurabi as the beginning of organized civilization. </s>

I'd create BR/AR system -- Before Rome, After Rome. The zero point could be 510 B.C. the formation of the Roman Republic. Modern civilization can trace much of its legal, cultural and military traditions to Rome so I'd say that's a good starting point. Besides, there are also many important developments happening in Greece/Persia around this time. I wouldn't tie it to the birth of any one man because there isn't any one person in history that's really worthy of defining the starting point of a 2000 year era. </s>

<s>[INST] If you were to make an alternative to BC/AD, what point in history would you start with for year 1? What's the first human milestone that you can accurately date? [/INST]

The Roman aqueducts sometimes had diverters and by adjusting the diverters to a full flow one way or the other, the flow could be heavily diverted. These diverters existed closer to cities (think the point of entry). There are also historical accounts of two major failures that were cured by the installation of temporary lead pipes. Not to minimize your question, but much of the aqueduct system is at grade or underground, so repairs weren't commonly necessary, it was more important to clean calcium deposits or algae. The overhead portions collapsed on a handful or historic occasions due to earthquakes, but this wasn't common. If a diverter or lead piping wasn't available, it would be easy enough to physically block up the aqueduct and allow the water to overflow. Hope it helps. </s>

This seems like a question for /r/AskHistorians </s>

<s>[INST] Did ancient Roman aqueducts have shut-off valves or diverters between the source and the settling tank at the city? How would ancient engineers deal with the flow of water if there was a breakage or a need for repairs? [/INST]

cayenne pepper for heat (must less than the equivalent in black pepper.) &#x200B; honestly, black pepper has to be the most overused spice in all the world to begin with. </s>

Just omit. Unless the flavor is essential to the dish, it’s not necessary. And if it is, I would say to make a different dish. </s>

<s>[INST] I’ve somehow misplaced my bottle of peppercorns. I’m not ready to go out for groceries and my area is currently having a burst of new COVID cases. What can I use instead? I have most basic spices I’d say, I’m out of a couple things. I do not have white pepper at the moment. Thanks!! [/INST]

Spider-Man nearly killed Morlun by radiation poisoning and went in knowing that they might both die. Peter can't hit Morlun hard enough to harm him under normal circumstances and injected himself with radioactive material trusting that years of natural exposure drove his own tolerance up. </s>

In the context of not pulling his punches so he doesn't kill them, no one. He will never go in with the intent to kill. There are baddies durable enough he can hit them as hard as he wants, but that's it. In the sense that he will do anything to stop them, Carnage or Green Goblin. Every minute Carnage is loose bodies are piling up. And every minute Goblin is loose is someone Peter cares about is potentially dead. </s>

<s>[INST] [Marvel] Which of Spider-Man's villains does he not hold back against? [/INST]

Nothing is wrong - that stock sounds wonderful. When you heat the stock up it will turn into liquid again. </s>

I love these posts. “Hey I did something right but I screwed up!” Nah you nailed it. Jelly jelly jelly. </s>

<s>[INST] My homemade turkey stock is completely gelatinous So I made stock with the leftover turkey carcass from Thanksgiving. Basically stripped the bones as well I could, roasted them at 425 for 20-25 min, broke them open so the marrow could get out, then simmered with onion, celery, carrot, herbs, and about 6 cups of water for about 5 hours. The result was totally delicious, but after straining it and putting it in the fridge it's become completely gelatinous - no liquid at all. The two onions that were in there pretty much totally dissolved during the simmer - there were almost no traces that there had been onion in there at all after cooking everything - so I'm thinking that may be partially to blame. Don't get me wrong - I'm still going to use it, I'm just wondering what happened? [/INST]

It's called anti fouling paint. It's various colors and infused with copper. In addition to zinc plated, they help through electrolysis prevent corrosion of ferrous objects of the vessel. </s>

Its anti-fouling paint. Essentially paint that makes the boat taste unpleasant for barnacles or worms that may want to attach onto the ship or burrow/eat into it. The worms would weaken the wood and the barnacles would slow the boat down by dragging through the water, which in the age of sail could really suck. Historically, sheets of copper or copper alloys were nailed to the outside of wooden ships (bio-things don't like copper, tastes yucky). Then later they found that copper-based paints - which tend to be reddish - did the trick just as well on iron hulls. Nowadays there are several layers of coatings and paints on there to do many things besides keeping the critters off - anti-corrosion and IM sure military ship coatings might absorb sonar or whatever cool things. ~~Degaussing~~*. But the red color kind of stuck around. Mariners are pretty superstitious. \* well, I was speculating. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why do ships have the bottom half of their hull painted red? [/INST]

Here's another stadium related analogy... the stadium is designed to accommodate the capacity they let it. There are enough seats, they have sightlines, there are many bathrooms and food stands. You can easily and quickly get to your seat as the flow of people is spread out. This is why you see 5 bars -- the overall system can handle the capacity and proximity. Now, you know how that huge crowd of people come to a slow crawl when all trying to exit the stadium at the same time? Suddenly, the system that could handle the overall capacity bogs down when everybody wants the same thing. This is why you get no/slow data even with 5 bars. </s>

Bars only represent the strength of the signal you’re receiving. It does not show you the congestion level of the cellular band or how overloaded a cell site is with everyone’s phone trying to talk at once. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: When inside a large group of people (at a stadium, concert, festival), why does your phones internet data stop working despite having full bars? Why does such a large presence of phones in one area limit every phones’ usability and ability to even simply send a text message? [/INST]

Do you have the exact language of the provision at issue, by chance? This seems like a provision that was either written incorrectly or is being interpreted incorrectly. I think it was most likely meant to ensure everything would stay you and your brother’s until he turns 21. </s>

So she's saying that your brother can't live in the house? If so, your aunt is likely an idiot. </s>

<s>[INST] Dad left house to younger brother in his will, but said no one could have access to it until he turned 21 This is in Georgia. I'm 19M, my brother is 16. My parents died recently, and in my dad's will he made it clear that no one should get access to our inheritance before we turned 21. This includes the house where myself, my brother and my grandmother (who now has custody) live in. My aunt, who is the will's executor, is insisting we must leave the property until the house is my brother's. I don't know anything about inheritance law, but surely there's some way around that? Any advice? [/INST]

That doesn't sound legal. </s>

Ha! I remember years ago senior management debating about putting our department heads names on our website for this very reason...and here we are years later and everybody is on LinkedIn. </s>

<s>[INST] Company won't allow engineers to have LinkedIn profiles. The company is worried that LinkedIn makes it too easy for competitors to poach engineers away. Wonder if anyone has heard of such a policy before. [/INST]

That they don't have as much of a grasp on things as they think they do, and sometimes they "sound dumb" as much as I would talking about a STEM field on an academic level. As long as you have this understanding I think you're fine and people would be willing to explain. I'm in linguistics so I have to listen to a lot of people talk about it thinking they can just intuitively know everything about the field just because they are language speakers and it feels disrespectful sometimes because they are very often wrong. </s>

I’m in physics (obviously STEM), and there is a funny thing that happens where established physicists get kind of bored with their discipline and all of a sudden start becoming self-proclaimed experts in psychology / philosophy / history / linguistics. It seems that when people are really good at one thing, they often overestimate their abilities at everything else. PhD students do this too to some extent. </s>

<s>[INST] What do academics in humanities and social sciences wish their colleagues in STEM knew? Pretty much the title, I'm not sure if I used the right flair. People in humanities and social sciences seem to find opportunities to work together/learn from each other more than with STEM, so I'm grouping them together despite their differences. What do you wish people in STEM knew about your discipline? [/INST]

There is a very good documentary on Netflix called Icarus. Goes in depth on doping and how easy it is to.circumvent testing. It focuses primarily on the state sponsored doping program in Russia for the Olympics but it applies for cycling as well. At the end of the day Armstrong never got caught via testing. He got caught because he treated people very poorly and people narc'd him out. </s>

It kills me that you said they have to go so far down the list that there is no point any more. Somewhere there’s a guy who finished 25th who stuck to his morals and said, “I’m riding this clean. I KNOW I can’t beat the doped athletes, and I know I can’t make a living at this without doping, but damnit, someone has to try.” Someone give that guy a goddamn medal. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How did lance armstrong not get caught for doping for so many years? If its that hard to get caught then should we be worried about other althletes? [/INST]

Kinda like why an X-ray of your bone is informative to look at, even though no human eyes can see them naturally. Not all "lights" are visible to human eyes, yet they reveal a great deal of structures that are interesting to a human. </s>

Lots of images show colors that human eyes are not sensitive to. You might see photos of galaxies that include infrared, ultraviolet, etc but since your eyes are not able to see these colors, they have to me manipulated to represent those as visible colors. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why are so many photos of celestial bodies ‘enhanced’ to the point where they explain that ‘it would not look like this to the human eye’? Why show me this unreal image in the first place? [/INST]

I speak French which allows me to understand other Romance languages pretty easily because while I don’t know how to say the exact words because I don’t know them, I can correlate them to the French ones when I hear them. If you look at the word pineapple for example, it’s extremely similar in a whole bunch of languages (except English). A lot of other words are like that. Same thing with he/she and other pronouns: In French it’s il/elle and in Spanish el/ella. </s>

I don't know if you play music but if you do, consider the difference between recognizing a melody and being able to play it yourself. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How can people understand a foreign language and not be able to speak it? [/INST]

Ignore them. If you are served, respond. </s>

If anyone suffered emotional distress that would be you! Not your parents. How can something they didn't have knowledge of at the time cause them any damages?!? You are a grown adult. As stated above decline to talk to an officer of you are by chance contacted. There is nothing legally they can do as far as I know. </s>

<s>[INST] I had an abortion without telling parents when I was 16. They know now and are threatening legal action and police. Do I need to be concerned? I’m 19 now and live in New York. I lived in Texas when I was 16. I (by myself) went to New Mexico to get an abortion (no parental consent or notification) and didn’t inform my parents. I lied and said I was at a friend’s house. So they now know what happened and have informed me that they’re taking this to the police because I’m a runaway child and they want damages for their emotional distress. Do I need to worry about anything here? [/INST]

Wolverine has two: - His claws used to be something attached to his gloves. It wasn’t until later that they were something that came out of him. And it wasn’t until a bit after that that we learned that they were bone claws and originally part of his mutation, not something given to him by Weapon X. - His healing factor was originally barely above that of a normal human. While faster than a normal person, it would still take him a while to recover from even minor injuries. Over time various authors gradually began increasing the potency of his healing till we eventually reached a point where he could regenerate from his skeleton in a matter of seconds—or in one extreme case, regenerate from a drop of blood. </s>

So mr freeze and his wife and that version of mr freeze was taken from Batman TAS. It was just so awesome the comics followed suit. Same with Harley Quinn Superman has had a few powers and abilities added and removed over the years like freeze breath for a while there was this thing where he could put all his solar power into one attack and then was a human for 24 hrs that was dumb </s>

<s>[INST] [Marvel/DC] What are some things characters are known for but were only added in later on to their characterization? Like Mr.freeze and his wife, or Superman and his flying. was Barbara Gordon always a genius hacker, was Spider-Man always almost as smart as Reed Richards? [/INST]

Do people normally shit themselves after eating candy? That sounds more like a you problem than a general one </s>

They *bought* the lot. They didn't eat it all. </s>

<s>[INST] [Harry Potter] How did Harry and Ron not spend their first day at Hogwarts shitting themselves to death after eating the whole cart of sweets on the train? [/INST]

Along with what others said, DMSO is incredibly good at both solvating things and going through your skin. Almost any compound dissolved in DMSO would immediately get to the bloodstream if spilled, so that relaxes the skin absorption requirement. Fun fact, DMSO will also make you taste garlic immediately upon absorption on any part of your body. </s>

I currently work in a chemical company and deal with some nasty stuff. Certain chemicals we get in drums we resell as is without transferring them. hydrofluoric acid is one of those chemicals. Not sure it would kill immediately but I know it burn immediately and will eat all the calcium in your body if not treated properly and immediately. </s>

<s>[INST] Are there any chemicals so deadly a mere drop on skin could kill? My grandpa (a known story stretcher) told me he used to haul tankers full of this chemical. It was supposed to absorb really fast and that it was so deadly a drop on your skin would kill you in a minute or two. It was used in the production of tires. He said it was phenol but phenol doesn't match up with his description. He's told me this story since I was a kid but now at 23 I'm curious as to if there are any chemicals that deadly and what they would possibly be used for. [/INST]

Totally. Last year I wrote a letter for a student I had in 1996. That was my record. </s>

Sure! I’ve written letters for students I had much further ago than 3 years, and regularly write for students who graduated in the last few years. </s>

<s>[INST] Is it appropriate for me to contact professors from 3+ years ago for letters of recommendation? I applied to grad schools right out of undergrad but didn’t get in anywhere. Waited a year and I’m trying again to different places, and I’m going to need to ask the same professors again. Not asking for anything to do with admissions, just etiquette. Is it appropriate for me to contact these professors? [/INST]

If there's a place to put them to let them ripen, you can have "almost garden" tomatoes for the next six or eight weeks. </s>

We make salsa mixed with red bell peppers. Green tomato chutney is a sweeter type of pickle that you can use to replace ketchup.can't think of any beyond that. So many tomatoes. </s>

<s>[INST] 600 lbs. of Green Tomaotes. Need I say more? My college just harvested \~600lbs of green tomatoes. Iʼd like the collective vision of reddit to help me gaze beyond just fried green tomatoes or 600lbs of pickles. Please enlighten me. Please help. [/INST]

Helen Parr, aka **[REDACTED]** is admitted to Bethesda Naval Hospital by privilege of the **[REDACTED]** Act in order to give birth assisted by a specialized team of physicians with experience dealing with **[REDACTED]**. </s>

She probably didn't go to a civilian hospital because of the risk of her children being super from birth. She definitely would, but more for the baby's health than her own. </s>

<s>[INST] [The Incredibles] Does Elastigirl need to pretend to be in pain during childbirth at a hospital? Does she even need to go to the hospital? Essentially the title. [/INST]

Bugs Bunny is a top tier reality warper and Daffy is an immortal and highly tough greedy duck with enhanced strength when it comes to money. Predator is way off his turf and he can only hope that after all the duck season rabbit season charade the last paper is not Yautja season </s>

Oh my God that poor Yautja... is he even aware that this means war? </s>

<s>[INST] [Predator/Looney Tunes] If Bugs told the Predator, it was duck season and Daffy told him it was rabbit season, who would he kill? [/INST]

Nope, she's 18, she can do whatever she wants without her parents' approval. </s>

More of a personal comment: make sure your sister has access to a proper support group. If she lives with her parents, they may be emotionally harassing her about her decision at a vulnerable time. </s>

<s>[INST] I took my sister to have an abortion. Her parents are threatening to sue me for causing them distress. Pennsylvania. Two weeks ago my sister called me and said she's in trouble. I met her and she asked me to help her get an abortion. She is 18. She said her parents don't want her to get an abortion and her boyfriend has disappeared. So I took her, paid for it myself. She is my half sister. We have the same dad. But she has been adopted by her mother's husband. The parents I refer to are her mother and the step father. Is there any grounds for what they say? Could I possibly be held liable? Her mom said I've denied them of having a grandchild and it's put them under emotional distress by facilitating her abortion, and I should expect to hear from their lawyer. Do I need to worry? [/INST]

Sudden loss of land animals over 25kg from the fossil record, layer of ash/dust at the Cretaceous boundary consistent with comet/asteroid impact or volcanism. Massive crater in the Gulf of Mexico from around the same time. Evidence suggests the impact caused the crater and the ash/dust darkened the sky and killed off all large land animals. Dinosaurs lived on, you hear them singing in the trees and see them flying in the sky, we call the birds but they are the only branch of the Dinosaurs than made it. </s>

There is a very cool comment or link somewhere on Reddit, outlining how a palaeontologist found fossils immediately below the K-T boundary, where freshwater and saltwater species are muddled up. Somewhere in a field in ~~~?Kansas?~~~ North Dakota, a long long way from the ocean. It’s the tsunami from the day of the impact. He found fossils from ***the day of the impact***. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How do we know that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs? [/INST]

Are you being taxed on the full amount of the bonus before they take money out to pay the assistants? Or is the net number what is being reported? </s>

What does your contract say about your annual bonus? This is legal. And pretty typical of bonuses for professionals based in the profitability of the business. Obviously the terms of your contract are important and may have impact. </s>

<s>[INST] Employer makes me pay a portion of other employee's salaries! I am a Nurse Practitioner in a private practice. The Business Owner/Doctor, deducts money from my annual bonus and states that I have to pay a portion of the salaries of the Medical Assistants because I use their services. I am a salaried employee and there is nothing about this in my contract. I am employed in Florida. Is this legal? [/INST]

when you stop learning, switch jobs </s>

The same advice that I got 30 years ago as an entry level engineer: Always remember that 15 years from now all of your work will be in a dumpster but your family and friends won’t be. </s>

<s>[INST] If you could give one piece of advice to an entry level engineer, what would it be? I need wisdoms pls. [/INST]

Not really relating to my MA degree, but been a TA for a couple of years and doing lots of copy-editing work, I can tell if someone's margins (in WORD) are not standard just by looking (even if it's a really small change). Useful in my line of work (checking students papers and tests), completely unnecessary in any other way. </s>

I, someone who has never smoked weed and am sober-curious, am an excellent cannabis trimmer. Stumbled into a masters project in cannabis cultivation right out of undergrad and didnt blink at the prospect of growing a shit ton of weed for science. </s>

<s>[INST] What obscure skill have you picked up as a grad student/academic? I'm doing a biology PhD, and know exactly how to empty a mortar of powdered plant material suspended in liquid nitrogen into a tiny vial without it exploding (easier said than done), an obscure "skill" I've picked up doing hundreds of DNA extractions. Purely our of curiousity, what's your obscure skill? [/INST]

Someone else raised a good point - why would you put people in punching distance of Cap when you could just pump gas into the elevator and have a backup team waiting at ground level in case he tries the patented Rogers Highdive? Any plan that involves physically overpowering a man who can stop a helicopter taking off by flexing is a bad plan. Not a plan with a 0% success rate, they did get surprisingly close, but it was the dumbest way to try to subdue him. </s>

I feel like this is the problem with battleboarding logic: "Captain defeated 10 men in an elevator once, therefore Captain has a 100% chance of beating 10 men in an elevator every time because he's OP". It was clearly a really scary fight, and Cap was so beat up by the end of it that he would rather jump out of a fucking skyscraper than deal with any more elite SHIELD tactical guys. </s>

<s>[INST] [MCU] Could plan to capture Captain America in an elevator in Winter Soldier somehow work out if it was better planned, or was it 0% from the start because of how OP is Steve in comparison to human? [/INST]

We blanch for 1 minutes, shock in ice to stop the cooking. &#x200B; Then toss in garlic oil, salt and toasted peppercorns that have been ground. Grill for 2-3 minutes, then finish in the convection oven for 2 minutes. </s>

Have you tried peeling the stems before cooking? </s>

<s>[INST] Tips on cooking broccoli? Trying to copy steakhouse broccoli at home So I went to a steakhouse a few weeks ago, I got a 12 Oz steak and broccoli. Steak was average but the broccoli was delicious. Like TO DIE FOR it wasn't salty or greasy just bright green and easy to chew, a little crunchy and didn't have that $1 steamed bag taste I've been experimenting in my kitchen the last few days trying to replicate the recipe but it always comes out sub par Any ideas? I've tried to blanch and then toss in a little butter, which gets me close but it's still EH the stems are hard to chew I've also tried to blanch for like 5 min wich is good but not there yet and everywhere I look says to only blanch for like 30s to a min [/INST]

If all that is stated in the lease and you signed it, it's just like a surcharge. </s>

Yes, if you do not agree, do not sign the lease, and do not move in. </s>

<s>[INST] Florida apartment complex requires an $80 a mo internet + cable package that I apparently cannot opt out of So I'm moving into a new place (in Florida) and they have an internet + cable package that costs $80 a month. I do not use cable and the provider has just the internet for $50. They told me I cannot opt out of the package deal no matter what. However, the move-in checklist states that I have to call this provider and tell them I want the "\[apartment complex name\] package". Why can't I just call said provider and get whatever package I actually want? I have no problem using their preferred ISP, but I don't think I should be forced to pay for a more expensive package when I do not want it. Is this legal? [/INST]

I got lucky and got a 12% raise because inflation and the field I work in is in demand so the company wanted to “make a statement about keeping me on board.” Felt good for someone to put their money where their mouth is for once. I think all my coworkers got at least a 7% raise though. </s>

My "merit" raise was 3.3 %. Meaning I only took a 5.7% percent cut this year, yay! </s>

<s>[INST] Engineers of Reddit, how was your inflation raise this year? Mine was 3%. Curious who is keeping up with inflation and who is falling behind the curve (like me!) [/INST]

> Is it true that engineering requires ALOT of commitment? Yes. </s>

Many students are pushed into engineering by school counselors and parents due to the decent wages. They don’t realize what engineering is until after a few semesters. In all honesty, most of those dropouts shouldn’t have been there in the first place. </s>

<s>[INST] Why is the drop out rate so high? Many people go into engineering but once they get to sophomore or junior year they drop out for another major. Is it true that engineering requires ALOT of commitment? I watched some videos on YouTube about thermodynamics and that looks so hard. [/INST]

when your boss says "come back to the office or else" and says theyre cutting 10% of jobs, anyone with a brain sees the black smoke rising and jumps ship. Gotta fill those jobs somehow </s>

All they care is that you'll suck the Tesla kool-aid so you'll deal with their shitty pay scale and abuse. Tesla relies on people that "believe in the mission" and other corporatocracy bullshit to pad profits. I'm good. I'll stick with my 4x10s. </s>

<s>[INST] Tesla gave ridiculous tech questions Did anyone else get ridiculously easy technical questions for a Tesla interview. I did an electrical engineering interview. The questions were literally high school EM physics level. Are they getting desperate for workers? Is the bar really that low? Why would they do this to a seasoned college education grad? Don’t get me wrong, I’m not hating on them just curious what’s going on. [/INST]

Speaking from gliding plane experience which doesn't have an engine and yet I still have to do a 5 minute checklist. Part of the check list is just checking if the damn button works. Does the rudder stick move fully in all directions? Do the flaps move when I move the rudder? Does the brake work? Does the cable release work? Do all the instruments do their job properly? Is it pointing north? Does the radio work? I have to pull everything at least once. I have to put every instrument on zero, even if it's already on zero. I really don't want to be 800m up in the air and learn I can't steer right or that my landing flaps don't work. &#x200B; And gliding is easy compared to actually powered flight. Also I'm alone and not responsible for 200 people's lives. </s>

Airbus pilot here. We have 2 switches to start the airplane, the first is to tell the computer we want to start the engine and the second initiates the start sequence. I flew Boeing before and they have a more complicated sequence, but without going into too much detail the Airbus way is just better. Feel free to AMA I’m off today! </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why do you need to press so many buttons to start a plane? Can’t there be just one button to start everything in sequence automatically? [/INST]

Clean as you go. </s>

I'm teaching mine to always lay a dry tea towel under the cutting board to keep it from sliding, and to pass knives handle first. Also, to always set the oven timer 5 minutes less than recommended, because while you can always cook something a bit longer, burnt is burnt. </s>

<s>[INST] What are some often-forgotten kitchen rules to teach to children who are learning to cook? I was baking cookies with my 11 year old niece, and she went to take them out. Then she started screaming because she had burned her hand because she used a wet rag to pull the baking sheet out. I of course know never to do that, but I'm not sure how/why I know, and I certainly would never think to say that proactively. What other often-forgotten kitchen rules should we be communicating? [/INST]

They don’t use excessive amounts- they use the *correct* amounts. They also salt at the right time, and they salt every single component of your plate. They aren’t salting more necessarily, but they are salting well. There’s a difference </s>

There is this really great cookbook i'm reading called "Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat" by Samin Nosrat. There is a whole chapter on salt but basically salt changes the flavour but ALSO the way it cooks. Here is a great video by her that explains one part of the process. Also not all salts are the same. If you add 1tbsp of table salt, its double the weight of the same tbsp of Maldon salt. So many salts, so much variety. </s>

<s>[INST] How can restaurants use excessive amounts of salt and not have their food taste overly salty? Just curious because every time I’ve over-salted a dish it’s quite noticeable and not very appetizing. Is it just a balancing act with excessive fat and sugar as well? [/INST]

The North Sea Viking culture is an example of a disappeared culture that has been found due to modern archeology. It was wood based and deteriorated quickly. Until the last century no one knew where to dig. </s>

Yes. Until an archaeological survey has been carried out over every inch of the planet's surface there's always a chance someone could find the remains of some long lost culture. Does this mean you should believe in Atlantis or the like? No. </s>

<s>[INST] Is there a possibility of an ancient civilization that we haven’t yet discovered due to a lack of evidence? redirected from r/askhistorians [/INST]

If you leave it until the last minute, then it only takes a minute. </s>

Any idiot can design a bridge that stands. Only an engineer can design one that just barely stands. </s>

<s>[INST] what is Your most favorite Quotes As a Engineer ? what is Your most favorite Quotes As a Engineer ? [/INST]

I'm a former chef now a woodworker. It gets even worse when you learn to carve your own wooden spoons. I have dozens </s>

Some cook stole my Kunz spoon from my tool box once, I was searching for about 4 days and finally found it in his baine. He claimed it was his because he scratched his initials into the bowl of the spoon. Too bad he didn't realize that I scratched my name into the back of the handle. He wasn't around much longer after that. Same cook also took my brand new knife, that I bought in Japan, and used it to cut straight through the corner of an 1/8 wheel of Grana. He didn't understand why I was furious about that and tried to tell me to calm down. </s>

<s>[INST] Why do Chefs geek out over spoons? A friend of mine is nuts for his Gray Kunz spoon, and I'm happy for him and all, but I seriously don't get it. [/INST]

Tell her you aren't comfortable doing that. Who is listed on your lease? That's who you should be paying. It's your landlord's responsibility to pay her own mortgage, regardless if it's too inconvenient for her </s>

Almost certainly a way to avoid income tax. Don't agree to this because it's pretty likely illegal. </s>

<s>[INST] [MA] Landlord wants me to pay my rent directly to the mortgage company, but I don’t feel comfortable doing this. My landlord, who lives in another state, wants me to pay my rent for my apartment that I rent in Massachusetts directly to the mortgage company and then mail her a check for the remainder (the rent she charges is more than the mortgage). I don’t feel comfortable doing this - am I legally obligated to pay her in this way? There’s nothing about that in the lease. I don’t want to be held liable if the payment is late or is lost. I don’t feel like that is my responsibility. How should I handle this and are there any legal ramifications I need to be aware of? [/INST]

A lot of villains define themselves by the heroes they fight. In the animated series, when joker thought batman had been killed, he no longer enjoyed crime and even gave up on a robbery midway through when he realized batman wasn't coming. That respect goes both ways. In any relationship where the hero/villain respects the other, they'd probably attend the funeral. </s>

Gonna guess that Miles Morales and the Prowler would go to each go to the other's funeral since they're related. If Iron Monger had managed to kill Iron Man in the first movie he'd have had to go to the funeral to keep up appearances. </s>

<s>[INST] [Superheroes] Which supervillains would go to their hero’s funeral? Which heroes would go to their villains? [/INST]

A biologist friend of mine loves to point at the boundary between trees and grassland and say “see that? That’s a war zone.” Trees evolve inhospitable toxins in their leaves that they drop on the ground below, and ally themselves with fungi in the ground that make it hard for grass to grow. Similarly, grasses evolve abilities to break down the toxins and have their own alliances with fungi. It’s an evolutionary arms race for territory, and the boundary between trees and meadows is the front line. At least that’s the narrative explanation. I’m sure there’s a lot more to it than that. </s>

There are several causes for lack of trees. The meadow may just be in an early successional state where trees haven't grown back yet. This would be due to a disturbance like a fire or landslide that killed the trees that had been there previously. The meadow could be growing in a location where the environmental conditions don't support tree growth but do support grasses. There could be a lack of water, the soil maybe very shallow, or the wind might be too extreme for trees. It's also possible for grazing animals to keep growth low, so only plants that can come back from the roots like grasses will persist over time. </s>

<s>[INST] Why don't meadows have bushes/trees like the land that typically surrounds them? [/INST]

Crypto is a vehicle for speculative capital during times of excess liquidity. Liquidity dried up. </s>

Lots of good answers here but they are over complicating it. In short crypto growth had everything to do with low interest rates. With low rates for so long money was getting pumped into the economy so it propped up things like crypto, nfts, etc. Now that rates are being raised all of this money is being sucked out of the economy and the first things to get affected are investments/businesses that are seen as risky/unnecessary. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why did crypto (in general) plummet in the past year? [/INST]

Dying animals are easy prey. Freshly dead animals are prime for scavengers. Circle of life and all. </s>

It's insane how quickly weak or dying creatures are consumed. I found a wasp inside my window who was near death. I gave it some watered down honey and came back with a glass to transport it outside. I set it down outside our door next to a tree with more honey water and went back inside to get seeds for the birds and chipmunks. Came out 15 seconds later to see a chipmunk chomping away on a tasty honey filled wasp. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Where do animals in the wild, such as birds, go to die? With so many of them, I would expect to see many dead ones. Or do animals of prey get to them first. [/INST]

A lot of techniques for making pictures seem realistic are a lot easier to think of and use with modern tools. Cameras take realistic photos, allowing us to study and copy them. Pens, pencils, and digital tools allow much greater precision than tools artists used before them. A lot of art from before modern tools was not trying to look realistic, because it was harder to do so and it also wasn't in style. So the techniques were not found. </s>

There are better answers by pros in this thread but two things I want to add... Early medieval and classical artists were just worried about other things. They didn’t put a high value on geometrically accurate perspective, they wanted to give figures importance based on things like...how holy they were. Holy people would be physically larger in some paintings, or closer to god. Also, they knew that the farther away things were the smaller they got, but they didn’t know the rules that governed these ratios and for thousands of years, no one was really trying to figure it out. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why did it take so long for artists to find out about vanishing point and foreshortening? This sounds like a straightforward concept but maybe just because we already know it [/INST]

Nope. Closest was when he tried an early version of venom that made him dumber and more aggressive, than quit it cause it made him terrible at his work. </s>

He probably eats a highly specialized diet to optimize nutrient gain. </s>

<s>[INST] [DC] Batman doesn't use guns or magic, but does he use steroids? Naturally, Batman doesn't use anything he doesn't fully trust, but he's also ruthlessly pragmatic in his pursuit of justice (to a degree, given his disuse of guns), using most of the advantages he can bring to bear against his foes. Considering his training regimen, extracurricular activities, and need to recover, does Bats use regular, ordinary performance-enhancing drugs? [/INST]

While they’re right that the investigation results are confidential, this reeks of retaliation and I’d find a good employment law attorney. </s>

Get an employment attorney and save all relevant material including paperwork, emails, digital documents, text messages, etc. </s>

<s>[INST] My boss sent me a email calling me the “N-word” I live in Tennessee and work for a staffing company that provides staff for hospitals. It is one of the largest companies in the USA that provides such services. I received an email from my direct supervisor calling me the N-word. I reported him to Human Resources and they investigated the report and had a forensic specialist do a analysis on the email. Months later I received I email from them saying they concluded their investigation and the results are confidential. They are now also refusing to honor my mutually signed contract saying it was sent to me in error and that I no longer work for them. What should I do in this situation? [/INST]

There's a phrase called the euphemism treadmill, where terms that are perfectly acceptable at the time, like mentally retarded, are eventually latched onto and used as insults, so decent people find a new term, like mentally handicapped, which eventually gets corrupted and replaced by mentally disabled, or developmentally disabled, and so on. I could definitely see Cap being like, 100% woke and not prejudiced or sexist at all but still just accidentally using outdated terms that were fine at the time and aren't anymore. That said, even in the 40s he was probably aware of the fact that language evolves, and especially after seeing how much has changed after he woke up, I wouldn't be surprised if he just, like, very politely and discretely asked Sam or someone what the preferred terms are these days. </s>

The only time I can remember is being called out by Wasp for not approving of Quicksilver and the Scarlet witch's incestuous relationship. Then again, that's the Ultimate timeline. </s>

<s>[INST] [Marvel] Does Captain America ever say some seriously racist/sexist/old fashioned stuff? Do the Avengers ever call him out on it? He seems strangely inoffensive for someone from the 1940s. [/INST]

There are cases of "long covid".. where symptoms never really disappear or simple re-surge afterwards. It might be the case that people rarely test positive twice, but have lasting effects or a resurgence of effects from the disease. </s>

People may *very easily* be able to *shed* covid-19 more than once. It's critical to ask whether you are talking about getting sick twice (immunity against disease, which is what most people on this thread are talking about; as they say, cases of repeated disease are extremely rare), or getting the virus into your system twice and transmitting it to other people ("sterilizing immunity" with no possible repeated shedding is actually fairly rare for any disease). For other human coronaviruses, we know that it's very common to get sick once, but then pick up the virus again a few months later and shed it and infect other people, even without getting sick a second time. So, if someone says they are safe because they had covid already... No. No, they are not safe. We do not know that. They may very well be capable of getting the virus again, becoming infectious again, and being a danger to other people again. </s>

<s>[INST] Is it possible to contract COVID 19 a second time? [/INST]

I think he was heavily affected. He showed up in Jabbas palace with some pretty dark moves. He wasn't exactly a model Jedi. Didn't seem to bat an eye fucking up Jabbas guards, either. He went to some dark places, Luke Skywalker did. </s>

You'll notice that as of the sequal trilogy, he'd renounced all contact with everyone and become a jaded, bitter old man who sees the galactic conflict as futile. Sound like the horrors of war very much did affect him. </s>

<s>[INST] [Star Wars] Why wasn't Luke at all affected by killing everyone on the Death Star? Was it a legitimate military target? Yes. Was it nesecarry? Yes. Did it arguably make the world a better place? Yes. At the same time though; he killed probably over a million people and even if it was morally justified that's not the kinda thing you can do without some form of guilt or ptsd; especially if the force would have made him cognitively aware of at least some of those deaths. [/INST]

Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) when you have had a chronic cough and chest pain for a while. Definitely get checked out. As others have suggested, call the ED so they can direct you to the right place. </s>

Personally I’d call the ED. You should get checked out since coughing up blood is not a normal thing. </s>

<s>[INST] I've had chest pains and lightheadedness for a while and was told it was probably digestive+muscular pain. I coughed up blood today, should I go to a doctor and risk getting corona or is there a chance this isn't serious? (20M) (20M, 180lb, 5'9", White) I've been worried about a blood clot for a while because of the frequent left chest and left back pains I've been getting, along with lightheadedness. Whenever I asked a doctor about this they dismissed it after a few tests. I'm worried now though because of the coughing up blood, could this all be attributed to bronchitis? [/INST]

To be fair, there are a lot of licensed engineers that are actually not doing engineering work. </s>

Sound recording used to involve a lot of electrical engineering knowledge and maintenance to keep analog gear running smoothly... much less than is required today. </s>

<s>[INST] Why do "audio engineers" get to be called engineers? I never understood this. To me, this makes as much sense as calling a duck a grilled cheese sandwich. [/INST]

Also storage, working at Staples earlier in my life there was a store in a more major city that was two stories which i was confused about, but when i worked in the back i noticed a large lift (or elevator) to the second level and that's where they kept all the boxes of chairs, tables, computers etc. </s>

If you’ve ever been in a Costco or bjs, you’ll notice the shelving units are 10+ ft tall. The tall ceilings allow to lots of storage, ventilation, light, and there are small sections that DO have a second floor, you probably just haven’t noticed it yet. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why are buildings that are big stores like Meijer, Walmart, Sam's Club, etc., are all such tall buildings if they're only operating on the ground floor? [/INST]

If it's an active web, the spiders are hiding off to the side. If a bug sees a spider hanging in midair, it might fly away. So the spider waits for some motion and then attacks. </s>

If every human made their own home, and no one was there to demolish it after they died or left, there would be way more empty houses than occupied houses. The same idea can be applied to spider webs. You'll tend to see most unoccupied spiderwebs indoors because there is no demolition crew (wind/animals) to knock down the old webs. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why do we not see spiders on most of the spider webs we see? [/INST]

Just stir the damn roux </s>

There are many. Google automatic pot stirrer </s>

<s>[INST] was making a roux last night and thought to myself… *we need an ice cream machine, except for heat* next thought: *maybe this already exists and i should ask Reddit* so, R/ is there already in existence a stovetop something with a mechanism like an ice cream machine which i could hand crank or turn on to do the scraping on my roux? could be for this purpose or a repurposed something else, doesn’t matter. [/INST]