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[MUSIC] >> Hello, everyone. Let's get started. So first of all, this is mainly for the residents. They didn't have many talks about neural networks before, things like that, so I'll have to give an introduction about these things before. So bear with me a few minutes. Feel free to ask questions at any point when you have them. Let's get started. So I'm Miltos and hopefully, you're here because you're interested in learning about graph neural networks. The first thing, let's talk some high-level background, machine learning in general, and we'll get to graph neural networks in five minutes. What's machine learning? Well, we design the model, we, the humans, design the model and the model has parameters. The parameters are these knobs that you turn slightly left or right and change the model's behavior. The model is something you want to represent something in the world. All the models are wrong, some are useful. So this is what machine learning helps to do, is we design the models as humans, we learn the parameters through data. So supervised machine learning, which is the most common and most widely used and the thing that works the most. We have our model, our spherical cow. We get the input data, we try to predict something out. Our dataset is the data points which have input x and output y, and these data points independently come out from your population. So we assume there is no correlation among them in most cases. What do we want to do is we have this loss function, something that measures how good or bad our predictions are. We start with our model f, we give it x, and we try to predict y, and we judge how close our prediction f is close to y. So that's supervised learning. One flavor which is common in deep learning nowadays is the following. We do the learning with gradient descent. The idea is as follows. While we have not converged, somehow, we compute an estimate of the derivative of the loss over our dataset and then we update our parameters, this Theta thing, based on how we're going to minimize the loss. So we gradually move to a point which is hopefully good. This is a computational methods to do this, not the only one, but in any case, that's it. What do we want to hope to get out from machine learning and these modeling things? Well, we want to generalize the new previously unseen data. If we had these data points here, we don't want to have a very simple model that is underfitting, we don't want to have a very complex model that overfits exactly in our points but does the model, the thing we're trying to do. So that's machine learning. If you haven't seen this before, hopefully, this is good enough to get started. So other things that we're going to use, the notion of distributed vector representations. That's common in natural language processing, common in deep learning. The idea is the following. We have a set of discrete things. One way to represent this is with local representations. We have a huge sparse vector of mostly zeros on the single one when we represent something like, let's say, a banana or a mango or a dog. This, however, has the problem that we don't know how these two things correlate or combine. It's a very discrete representation. What happens usually in deep learning, somehow, different models do different things, learn a distributed vector representation. Distributed because the meaning is distributed across the components of this vector. So maybe banana and mango share this yellowness thing, whereas the dog is somewhat different. So how do you do that? How do you learn these things that you can compute them? You can learn them as parameters of your model. The high-level idea is you can start from these representations, the one-hot representations, multiply them with this embedding matrix and you get this distributed vectors. Now, your parameter is this E here, which is an embedding. Maybe you've heard things like Word2vec or things like that. These are the distributed vector representations. They are building blocks, let's say, of the things that we're trying to get at. So how you compute them or how you learn them, it's quite wide variety of ways of doing this. But you'll hear me talking about distributed vector representations a few times later today. >> D is a lot smaller than V. >> Exactly. That's part of the point where the V, you have 10,000 elements or 10,000 words or something like that. D would be 128 or 500 or something like that. So it compresses down the space in some form. That's another way of seeing these things. So graph notation, again, for the residents, most of you don't necessarily have a computer science background. Graphs look like this. You have nodes or vertices. You can see here you have edges, which can be directed or undirected edges, you can see them here. You can have many different types of edges. So here, I'm coloring some edges with a different color to say this. What does this graph say? Well, in this specific one, nothing, but the main idea here is that you encode the nodes which are elements, and the edges encode relationships among those elements. So this is the high-level thing and you can encode quite a few things in graphs. Hopefully, if the residents have any questions about notation or graphs, let me know. Very simplified thing, there are tons, of course, of things around graphs. So we got to the point where I can start talking about graph neural networks. So the idea of graph neural networks is the following. You start with a graph, a representation of your problem. What is this graph? Where does it come from? This is a modeling decision, that something that you decide that this graph here encodes the problem you're interested in. It could be a social network, it could be a molecule, it could be a program, it could be anything that you're interested about. So that's the first part. You, as a human, have designed a graph representation of your problem. The second thing is that for each of your nodes here, you need some information. This information is encoded in a distributed vector presentation, an embedding if you wish, and this is encoded for each node. So each node gets somehow a representation. You can compute it. It could be an image. So B could be an image, so you compute it from a convolutional neural network. It could be a word, it could be an embedding, it could be anything that you wish it to be. So this is where we start. This is the input to a graph neural network. Now, the question is, what do we want to do? Well, the idea is we start from here. This graph representation will describe, for most of the rest of this hour, the graph neural networks. The output here is going to be, again, the same graph, but for each node, you have a vector representation. Now, these vectors here are going to have information not about node A, when you had initially here, but how A belongs within the context of this graph. So you are essentially saying, given the features that I had initially here and the structure of the graph and the neighbors and what the neighbors had to say or do, what is the representation here? So a GNN computes these representations once it's trained. Then what you do is you take this, this representation you have of your graph, the output of the GNN, and then you can pass it to something that is specific to the task that you're trying to add. So it could be the loss or something else, but it's something that is task-specific. We'll discuss very briefly two tasks after I explain the graph neural networks. >> Do these funny things attach to each vertex? They're somehow meaningful to the person starting it. That's not the internals of the GNN, it's a meaningful thing. >> It's as meaningful as a vector can be. >> But it comes to that side, it's not part of the mechanism of machine learning. >> It's not part of the mechanism of graph neural networks. It could be a neural network somehow processes F, let's say an image, and the image is, you get a vector out of it, which could be the features that there is an edge here, or there is a face here, or there is a wheel here, or something like that. It could be that this is a word. So you have something distributed, an embedding of a word, like a natural language processing word and things like that. So the GNN is transparent to what the initial representation. >> Are they the same kind of thing? The same length, for example, identical? >> They don't have to be the same length, but they usually are the same length, not the same vector, of course. Otherwise, this would be an identity function. But they are a representation. Again, it's like a feature vector of this node A is central in this part, or if it were a variable in a program that we will see later, this variable here acts like a counter. People accumulate things into it. Things like that that are learned, we don't explicitly say or know exactly what this is. We can find by analogy in some cases, but that's all. >> Do they have to be unique and identifying? So for instance, if you have the same type of nodes but with different edges, you will have the same node identifier but the edges would make it different? As in, if I have two vectors that are identical in the same graph, I can assume that they are the same type of node. >> So here? >> Yes. >> Yes, you can. >> Which means if I have the same, like they don't clash, like MD5 thing, you can assume that? >> You can assume anything you want in this case, yes. So the simplest scenario here is that all these things, all these vectors are identical, and you want to learn something about the graph itself. That's perfectly fine. There are other cases where you want to attach some information to the graph. >> I see. >> So I'm trying to map this diagram to the first slide you showed about what machine learning is, which is you have the model and then you have the knobs. So is it accurate to say that the model here, the human design part is the structure of the graph and then the knobs that you're trying to learn the parameters for are the vectors? >> So the human element is in here, we'll discuss this in the next slide, and also, you can think of it as a feature extraction. In the, let's call it old-fashioned machine learning, you extract features, is this red or blue? Is this small or large? So you have the zero one things. Instead, here, you can think of it as a feature engineering. Feature engineer your problem into a graph. >> I see. >> So this is part of what we humans do, but also there is components in here that are human related. But the parameters, most of them are here. There might be parameters of how to compute this initial vector representations. >> Got it. Thanks. >> Should we assume that the graphs were perhaps different examples or variable size are not necessarily the same structure? >> Yes. >> Okay. After you get the final representation, then you have these vectors that you would like to combine into your [inaudible] how do you, like you have a variable size? >> We'll get there eventually. >> Does the output graph have the same structure as the input graph? >> Yes. >> So I'm not adding or removing any nodes or edges? >> Not in the flavor of the graph neural networks we'll be explaining for the rest of the talk. In principle, you can do some of these things, but let's ignore this for all practical purposes. So hopefully, that's good enough, graph neural networks here. Let me zoom in in this box. What happens is the following. Let's take this small example here. This F node is connected to E and D connects to F through different types of edges. At some point in time, let's say, E and D have some vector representations. The same thing happens with F. Now, the idea is as following. We start from our neighbors and we're going to do something like computing a message. That's the analogy. The message here is essentially get another vector. The idea is that we get a function of the input, the neighboring node, the actual current node, and the type of the edge, and with this function, which could be many things, again, that's design decisions about our model, we'll discuss concrete, a few concrete options later, we get a message, meaning again a vector. The same thing for this edge here. Then we summarize all the messages we received from our direct neighbors and again, summarizing could be many different things. We combine the summarized information with the current state of the node and we update the node. So now, F, essentially, what happened is, it had to instate at time t minus 1. At time t, now, it has a new state that has information about itself and from its neighbors. In some way, this is combined. There are many, many different ways to combine them. We'll get to that very soon. Yes. >> When you say both nodes and also be the type of edge? >> Yes. >> Is that encoded somehow or is it just directed, undirected? >> No. The type of edge could be that D and F, let's say, are at D is below F and E is above F, let's say. So it's a relationship that you encode. Again, the types of edges you have is something that you decide. It's, again, the modeling decision of the human. >> But then it's simply directly in the vector of the edges? >> We'll discuss how and when it's encoded in a second. So let's look at an equation here, which is hopefully colored in a helpful way. So prepare the messages. This is a function which might be depended on the time step t that takes the representation of your node that you're currently trying to predict, like F in this case. It takes the type of the edge, so this k here, and optionally, the type and the information of state, the vector if you wish, of your input. So you do this, you compute a message for each edge, for each node that connects to n_j. Now, I'm using this fancy operator here, mostly because I couldn't find another operator in Office, but the idea is as follows. This could be any commutative operation, any permutation invariant operation for combining the messages. It doesn't matter if the edge from D to F comes first or the edge from E to F comes first. This is an important part of graph neural networks because they make them essentially invariant to however you may shuffle your graph, and that's an important thing. In some cases, this could be a summation, in some cases, this could be a max, in some cases, this could be something else. That's, again, a design decision of our model, nothing beyond that, but this is a general class of operations. >> Then you should include all the edges. >> Yes, but you include all the edges that connect. >> This is the row n_j. >> Yes, and then we're currently here updating only one node, of course. So we get all our neighbors, we compute the message, we summarize it, and then we take our own state, this state here, and we combine this with some function q, and we now have a new state over there. So that's the high-level thing. For each node, you can imagine, we have a previous state, you get messages from your neighbors, and you update your state. >> Has this been going from n_j to n or there were something on notation? >> Depends on notation. >> Under the big union? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah, I guess you want, n_j should have been here. >> Yes. >> So this is the process for updating one node, how does most of the common graph neural networks work? Well, you have one of this, the parameters are shared across all of these for each node, and then there is a clock, very much like a CPU. At each point, a clock ticks. When it ticks, every node gets input from all its neighbors, compute its messages, updates the state. The clock ticks again and the process repeats again and again. So how many times do you run this? That's a hybrid parameter, a design decision, however you want to call it. There is no notion of convergence or other fancy things like that, but that's how a graph neural network works. >> So the new computer value has to be saved separately, so you only update all of the values at the end because otherwise, the order in which you update the nodes will change? >> Yes, you do this in parallel. >> Okay. >> Which brings me to the next slide. You can think of this as unrolling the graph multiple ways in time, and now, each vector, it will get updated again and again and again. So all nodes update their states simultaneously in parallel. Each slice here, you see all the nodes in the graph have one state. >> As time goes on, how are these F functions involving as well? >> By F functions, you mean? >> The ones that [inaudible] . >> So once you've trained your neural network. >> Show the next slide. >> Yeah, I'm trying to get there. >> [inaudible] . >> Yeah. >> [inaudible] . >> Again, modeling decision. You might decide that f_t, it's dependent on t. You might decide that q is dependent on t. In many cases, they don't. In some cases, they do. That's entirely up to you. But usually, in some cases, you can think of this as something that depends on the time t, but it's shared across all time slices. >> So I think I'm missing out in this discussion is the parameters wise, so both F and q get D is source of an input as well? >> Yeah, so parameters can be in F. >> So usually, f_t of Theta and these other things and it's q of Theta and these other things. >> Yes. >> There's a silent Theta here. >> Yeah. We'll discuss I think in two or three slides, there are concrete choices that people make where the parameters will be more explicit list. So what this means is that in the beginning, each node knows about itself. In the next step, each node learns about itself, well, you knew that already, and it distance one's neighbors. In the next step, their neighbors have also been updated. So now, its neighbor know about itself, about its neighbors, and its neighbor's neighbors. So you increase essentially this perceptive field of what you know about each node, and by more time steps, hopefully, you learn more about how you belong in the graph. >> Is this like Spanning Tree Protocol in networking? >> I don't think so. I cannot say that I'm very familiar with that. Okay. No. Graph Neural Networks. You started from some state, you got the output, now you have all of these vectors here that are about information, about a node, and how it belongs in there, and now you can do anything you actually care about in your application. You can say I want to pick one node from this graph that has some property. So you can do that, this is node selection. You can label each node, you can add a class, for example, and you take each representation here and classify it somehow, or you can decide to summarize all these vectors you have here and do graph classification. There are different ways to do this, and it's very application-dependent, we'll discuss when we go to some applications. Let's take a very, very simple example, not very practical, but still, it's the simplest possible you can get. So you have this h, you got out from each node at the final time step, and you multiply it with a single layer MLP, and what you get out of it is a binary decision, a zero one, assuming that this makes sense for your application. So now, you have a loss, essentially, saying that the classical binary cross-entropy loss, saying that I want my decision for each node here to match my value y_n, whether it's true or false, zero or one. What's the implication? I don't know. I just made this just to make this a concrete thing. Now, what this means is that I have a loss, I can compute its gradient, and with automatic differentiation, we'll compute the gradient through the graph neural network. I can update the parameters here, the w, everything in the GNN, everything in the initial layer, and this is how learning with graph neural networks would work. >> So is this the step that's done? So your graph neural network produces this output, and from this output, you then try to classify based on it or is it something that you incorporate into the graph neural network? >> It's all entropy. You can think of this as a function. The loss, for a simple example at least, over the parameters of all the parameters you have in your model, and you back-propagate to all the parameters. In most cases, it's the most common thing to do. >> But you're doing the back-propagation, the entire stack, so it's a pretty giant expression that you are differentiating. >> Yes, you really want to do the differentiation manually, that's for sure. >> I think so, yeah. Also, do you run into problems like radiance and so on? This sounds like a very hard RNN problem, and RNN [inaudible]. >> It depends on the architecture. Again, there are many architectures that are coming up next. Some of them look more like CNNs, and you can think of them as a stack of CNN layers. Some of them are RNNs. Usually, this unfolding happens for 10 steps, let's say. So you'd never get into that big of a problem. Again, you use an RNN, which is like a GRU or something like that. So that all you get is residual layers like in CNNs, and hopefully, you don't run into this problem in most cases. >> Where's the update rule for these h things? >> The update rule is stochastic gradient descent or stochastic with momentum. >> How do you go from h_t to h_t plus 1? >> You mean ht is a value in the model, right? You don't update h_t, it's not a parameter, w is a parameter. >> No, I get that. Okay. Maybe you say it in the second slide. >> I'm not sure what you're asking. >> Because earlier, you said there will be an update rule for each of these states, for each of these h vectors. >> So h here is the output h. So maybe this de should have been capital D, the final thing when you go over there. >> [inaudible] >> Yeah. That depends on the graph neural network architecture. So let's look at two popular graph neural network architectures. So the first one is gated graph neural networks. It was first invented in this building. I wasn't here at that time, but the idea is as following. We want to compute the messages. We say that the message depends on the type of the edge k, on the neighbor and the state of the neighbor D. So h of node D at time t minus 1. This is copy paste, of course, so that's equally wrong, and it does not depend on F, in this case. So here, this is E, is a parameter of the model, and you do a matrix multiplication, you transform the state, the input state of your neighbor with your summarization. Your permutation invariant method is just a summation. So however you order this sum, it doesn't really matter, it's a sum. Well, modular floating point, but don't worry. Then here, you get your previous state, you have an RNN cell, a recurrent neural network. This one is called GRU, doesn't matter. It has some parameters in it and it takes the previous state, the message that we just computed that the summarized information, and updates its state. >> What's k? >> K is the type of the edge here. So you can say that the white one is zero, the red one is one, something like that, so you have a finite, unusually small set of edges. >> I guess if your F depends on the type of [inaudible]? The function F. >> The function F, yes. This is what previously we had an F as F here. So we have essentially a different matrix for each k, which is an n by n, where n is the dimensionality of h. >> How come there's no bias tone for E_k_h plus? >> For E_k? >> Yeah, the E_k_h plus. >> You could add one. It depends on your application. There are variance, at this, I think the original GNN does that one. You can say that the bias, essentially, will be helpful for counting how many edges come in in some place. That's one option. Okay, next. Nick? >> What does the gated referring to? >> Sorry? >> What's the gated refer to? >> The GRU, which is a gated recurrent unit, yes. So this is an RNN that says do previous state to next state. So this goes back to you have as much exploding or imploding gradients as much as you would have for a GRU with 10 steps, so not much, usually. Another variant, that is the graph convolutional neural networks. That's because they resemble convolutions, and we'll see later how this goes. But the idea is you take the states from all your neighbors, you sum them up, you multiply them with your own state, and then a matrix multiplication and division. This model, originally, at least in its original implementation, doesn't support different edge types. So you see there is no dependence on J. Again, you see a permutation invariant combination and a different way of updating your state. The first thing, I didn't really discuss. So these are design decisions. All of them are different modeling decisions, and there are tons of them. You can go online and find more than a hundred papers that change something in this equation, but the original equation is still more or less always intact. You have a way to prepare messages, a way to summarize them, a way to update your state. The first thing is now the following. There is one trick that I have omitted so far. Let's take, for example, node D. Node D is not connected, no incoming edges come through here. So node D has no opportunity to learn about how it belongs in the graph. So a practical trick is that you add explicitly backwards edges. So you double the type of edges you have, a new for each forward edge, you add the backwards edge. Now, you still have a graph, using the same equations apply, but the information is propagated through the whole graph. That's just a trick that exists. >> Isn't this related though to the assumptions that you were making? Surely, if you said the D has a directed edge to the rest of the graph and nothing else connects to D, then that's a pretty strong statement about how D relates to the rest of the [inaudible]. >> Yes. >> So if this is the input, you don't want to change it, right? >> You mean this? >> Yes. >> Yes, but it depends on your application. If you want to learn something about D, how it belongs in there, then the information has to somehow propagate back to D. This is what this tries to solve. >> Is the edge you replicate the same time or continuous? >> Well, you can say it's a different type is the same like if this is the left of E, this is the opposite of that. >> So basically, what you want is getting feedback, right? Can you make it weaker or stronger? Or can you change it? >> You could. People don't. But yeah, there's nothing necessarily stopping you. >> Will it blow up if I just had an edge type for no edge here and just try to basically fully [inaudible]? But the default was [inaudible]. >> There are some people that do something like that where essentially, you imagine a node, a God super node here that everything connects to that and back. It works quite well in many cases. There was a question. >> I thought someone had the same question earlier while you were introducing the function that prepares the message. So could you also fix this by changing that function that prepares the message to trick your forward nodes and backward edges differently? >> This thing currently, I mean, the way I have written this is you take the previous state and you update the state. >> Yeah. >> So you still don't do anything to the neighbors. You could imagine making this more symmetrical, but that's essentially what the backwards edges are doing. >> Okay. I see. >> So let's go one step further. The equation is nice. How do we actually implement it in a matrix operation? Again, very background of things, an adjacency matrix. If you haven't seen it, let me know. The idea is that you have nodes, you assign them some ID, and you say that node 0 is connected to node 1 and node 2, and the same thing for node 1 is connected to node 2, and node 2 does not have any outbound edges. So now, imagine that we have some variable, a, b and c, just a number for now for each node here. Then if we multiply these two things, we get this thing. So here, you can think of it, very vaguely, as you had a here and now, you multiplied it and b got a. So you see that the second element is a, whereas number 2 here was connected to a and b, well, it is connected to b, and you can see for the matrix multiplication that this is a plus b. So this implies how message propagation will start working. The idea is you can repeat this and create this adjacency matrices easily. It's something deterministic. So let's look at some pseudocode-like thing. You have a matrix where each line is your initial vector representations at time t. This is a matrix and here is the size, which is the number of nodes by whatever dimensionality H has. Now, you want to compute the messages to be sent. So you do a multiplication by E_k for each type of H_k with H_t, and now you have all the messages to be sent outside from a node, possibly, not necessarily all of them. Now, in order to receive the messages, you multiply this M with your adjacency matrix a for all edge types k and you have the messages you received. Now, you can apply your update function. So this is the simple mathematical form that you use, and if I wanted to use a vanilla RNN, this GRU function is essentially some matrix multiplication with H_t plus W with the R_t, just to make this slightly more concrete, although not very useful. >> [inaudible] >> So this M? >> The b times d. >> Yes. Then you have this matrix E_k, which should be d times n. Then you have M, and then this is also something by m. Then here, you need to play around with W or the GRU input to get this work, but you can make it work. Usually, M and D are the same in most of our implementations, so you can use it. But in theory, there's nothing stopping us to make this [inaudible]. >> Can you repeat what a is in the receive messages? >> A should be A_k to start with. So it's a typo. But this is the adjacency matrix for nodes of type k. So this is where this comes in, this adjacency matrix that says that node 0 is connected to 1 and 2, and things like that. >> So the k is like a finite enumeration, like [inaudible] blue, it's not like 4.7. >> In most cases, yes, and in the cases we're seeing here, definitely, yes. So yeah, you can get this thing here. So again, the next step is, again, mostly for a very practical step, but I think it's useful for the residents. Now, let's make this next step. We show the high-level equation, we show the matrix. Now, let's say there's a pseudocode. First, what's einsum? I'm going to use this. I felt it will be useful for the residents. The idea is that you express operations over matrices without a is of size bd, b is of size qd, and the output you want is bq. So you express essentially this operation with this Einstein summation here. You can do more complex things. You can vaguely think of this, that here, what happens is that you erase the dimension of D, or you summarize sum over it, marginalize, whatever the word you want to use, or here, you remove some other dimensions. So you remove a with this and you can express this complex sum with a symbol of short notation. So how does the code look like? Well, you say my initial states are somehow given to me. It doesn't really matter. We have a number of steps that we're going to unfold our graph neural network, for each time we compute messages for each type k, which is this message multiplication that we have here. >> Works on this slide, I think. Hey, I'm still stuck on the inventions. ND times dm makes it n times m. >> Nd? >> First messages k statement, yes, that one. >> Yes. >> Nd times dm gives you the output nm. >> Yes. >> That makes sense for the matrix multiplication. >> Well, they are swapped and this should have been [inaudible]. >> [inaudible] on the previous slide, communication is slightly different. >> Okay. I have a lot of slides. We should fix this eventually. Anyway, this is just a notation here and then you have the received messages, and hopefully, this also gets you there. You sum the received messages and you get the GRU. >> The num steps is the input parameters? >> Yes, it should have been an input parameter, a hyperparameter, a constant, well, in most cases, it's a constant for all your rounds or something like that. But yes, you're right. It should have been also enabled. So this ties with this here. So hopefully, this makes the graph neural network a bit more concrete. The one thing I'm not going to discuss today is this specific thing here. Here, we have the adjacency matrix, which is n by n, but in Einstein summation, you cannot say this. But this adjacency matrix may be very sparse, but very large. So how can you make this more efficient? That's something we can discuss another point in time. >> [inaudible] It should be [inaudible]? >> Where? Here? >> Yeah. >> No. This is n, n, but you cannot write that in the Einstein summation. So L equals n for your purposes, but it needs to be different. >> [inaudible]. >> Yeah. I want to say we're part of this. Yes. I wanted to go through two applications. I think we don't have the time to. So I'll go just very briefly over one with one slide. The idea is that molecules, for example, you have molecules and you want to predict some target quantity out of it, the idea is, you can see the molecules, they look like graphs, they are graphs to some extent, and now, each node is an atom. You have different types of nodes like carbons, or nitrogen, or other kind of things, I'm not a chemist, and you have different types of edges. So some are double bonds, some are single bonds, and so on. So now, the question is, can you get from your molecule up to some target equation? What you do is you take this graph, you get this, and you try to predict your target quantity. That's very high level, but hopefully, it's more concrete than before. That's one option. With the other thing, which I'm not going to discuss, is about source code, how we find bugs, but I don't think that we have sufficient time to discuss through the various design decisions. Yes. >> So I just swapping atoms then so that the colors represent different types? >> No. This is how features may be computed. This is the same atom repeating again and again. The same graph, but the graph neural network updates a state, essentially for each node, for each atom, which hopefully has information that is relevant to the target quantity you're trying to predict. Yeah. >> If you have time, is it okay to go over it? >> We can do this. Well, let's see. Let's talk a bit about the correlated things. So the idea is as follows. We want to find bugs. Specifically, we want to do the following task. Given a blank in a program here, we want to say which of the things in the code should be placed in here. So here, you have first and clazz. Now, this will help us find bugs, like copy paste, so I'm going to copy and paste in this line, but the correct thing would be first. First thing we need to do, we want to take a program and convert to a graph. How do we do it? Well, that's a design decision. That's a feature extraction if you wish. The idea is that we want to take things like how data flows around these things, how control flows around these things, and get there. So one possible thing I'm going to show here is tokens. Well, a very boring graph. You can parse code, so you can essentially and deterministically find a tree of this, and you can add extra nodes and extra edges. Again, a graph. Let me hide these edges and take a more simpler program here, and we can also have data flow edges. So when was x last written? Well, when I just entered the loop, it was here. If I'm looping, it's itself. So we're going to keep repeating adding more and more edges and more and more different things that we believe encode the problem we have. So by the end of the day, we have a graph. For this simple snippet, this is how a graph looks like. It's not easy necessarily to parse, but it's not an uncommon thing in programming languages. >> So this line decision, would you have all of these edge types into one big graph and then run your model rather than have multiple graphs with different types of edges? >> No. You have one graph with multiple types of edges and you do the propagation simultaneously. >> Because this is fixed? They do affect each other? >> Exactly. So we're just showing it for clarity in the picture because it will be too crowded, but yes. >> So this is like you're abstracting the tree of your compiler, but then edges are problem-specific. >> Well, some of them are the abstracts index tree, some of them are token-based thing, some of them are data flow things, things like that. So how do we go around doing this thing? Well, we started with this place here, and what we do is we're going to say this whole thing, I'm showing it to you here as a text, but it's a graph, I'm going to add a few extra edges and nodes saying these two nodes here, we want first, for example, to be how would data flow if first was in the slot here or how data would flow around if clazz was here, and now, we have a big graph. I'm not showing you all of it. Now, the idea is we started from our code, we got our graph, we somehow compute initial representations and plotting around that part. Now, what we want is our objective, we want the output of our graph neural network to have the H of the slot node here to be as close as possible to the first and as far as possible to the clazz, which is the wrong thing. Again, graph neural networks, we started somehow, we encoded our problem in the graph, that was dependent on what we thought we needed at least. Our graph neural network says, well, this is something information about slot, about first, about clazz, and now, this is our objective. Well, not exactly this, but this is more or less our objective. We can compute a loss, we can back-propagate and learn things from there. So that's essentially a second application. Let's take this simple example where if the question is, what is the variable that should be here? Well, the answer, as you have not guessed probably, is full path. The neural network knew that in a few milliseconds once getting this graph. So that's two applications. Graphs are very broad. You can do almost anything and represent almost everything with the graphs, but this hopefully makes the graph neural networks somewhat more concrete. I wanted to just emphasize two special cases for graph neural networks and this is convolutions. Imagine you have a great pixels and now, you take each pixel and you create the following edges. One which is top, top left, top right, left, right, bottom, and so on, different types of edges, and you do this, of course, for all nodes. In some formulation of graph neural network, the graph convolutional neural network, for example, this is equivalent to convolutions. Of course, it's much more efficient to do it the current way that convolutional neural networks work because you can batch this computation much more efficiently than doing this thing. The other thing is deep sets. So the idea is that you get a set of things. It could be a variable size set of things. In this case, it's images, for example, and you want to predict something about this set. So this set of images are people with black hair and rosy cheeks, and so on. Now, you get these sets of things and you want to predict things about them. How do you encode this problem? Well, essentially, a set is a graph that is fully connected. Everything is connected to everything. Again, you can do a set of graph neural network and at the output of a graph neural network, you can predict something about the set. So these are two extremes, if you wish, about graph neural networks and some special cases that result to something that is more or less similar to the things we have. I had the slides to talk about more advanced GNNs. Sorry, not a lot of time for that. But again, we can play around with how messages are propagated and not do the propagation, all messages, all nodes update all there at all points in time. That's all. So I wanted to conclude with the following more practical non-graph neural network things, since I expected more, that the residents would be the only ones attending here. But let's talk about a few things, how would machine learning, deep learning specifically, works in practice. You have your data and now, you have to do the following steps. First, from your data, you compute some form of metadata, some information that you get from your data that will inform how your model looks like. So how many words appear in your text, how many different types of edges you have in your problem, things like that. Now, given your metadata, you can convert your data into tensors, into things that look like matrices, and encode the problem. The part of the metadata, for example, could be that the ward Es is number 53 and the ward R is number 54. So you can create one-hot vectors for a specific word, for example. Once you have all your data in tensors, you can do this in a fly, it doesn't matter when you do it, you can batch those tensors into smaller groups, into mini-batches, and how you do it, usually, this is a separate problem. In most cases, you just have an extra dimension position or batch size, and you can concatenate essentially these tensors. Then you'd get our mini-batches and you pass them into your machine learning model. So you get tensors, tensors go in, you get a loss. A loss is a scalar. A scalar, you can compute, differentiate the loss, try to minimize it, propagate gradients, update your machine learning model, and repeat. So this is a very high-level thing of how, let's say, non-computer vision machine learning models work. So you have this steps of metadata, converting to tensors, and creating mini-batches. The next thing is about debugging. [MUSIC] >> So it's notoriously difficult to actually debug this models because they're not terribly interpretable, but there are high level of recipes about how to do this especially with deep learning. I'm listing some of these things here, probably you'll get access to the slides at some point. But common things are, take a small sample of your dataset, try to overfit your model. If your model cannot learn even your small dataset, probably you have a bug somewhere, or try synthetic data. Encode the problem you're trying in a very synthetic problem and try to make your model actually solve it. Can it actually solve it? If not, then maybe you can find from how it fails where the problems in the code appears. There are many cases where you have optimization issues like, the gradient descent doesn't work as you expect it. One idea is you look at the learning curves. How does your loss evolve for training or the tacit? This is usually what you see. If you don't see exactly like that or something like that, not exactly, you might have a problem. It might be you see that your model is never fitting or it's underfitting, overfitting, all these kind of things. You can monitor the gradients. Do we propagate updates? Do we update zeros? Do we propagate zero information about things? That's probably indicating that something is wrong with your model. Of course, there are many other ways to do things like visualizing, doing error analysis. I had this someone who was telling me that error analysis in machine learning is what debugging is to actual programming, and this is, you look at the predictions of your model and you try to see where does it fail. Of course, there are many other things you can do, many things that are project-specific, but I thought that since it's the first, I think, deep learning lecture you get as residents, this is a good set of suggestions. So with that, I think I am mostly out of time. There are certainly questions. Feel free to ask. Jack? >> So you have field nodes and you come up with a representation for the edges, you just have [inaudible] do people try to find representations to the edges? >> Yes. There are cases where you have metadata in edges like a number or something like that. People, they use this. You're going to need to modify the equations in some form to get that, but it's possible. In most cases, in most of the existing data we have, the edges are just fixed there or you have a 0-1 weight. To which extent does this edge exist or not? >> Do you always need to process the entire graph, something like a social network? Is it feasible to say I have a focus node and only process within set of number of links of it? >> It depends what do you mean need in that sense. In many cases, you don't need to, but it's very convenient because the data processing, GPUs, fertilization, all these kind of things. If you want to summarize something about the full graph, then you definitely need to do this. In some other cases, you just need to focus on something. So you can say that, if we take the variable misuse example, the bug thing, you're interested in a very specific place. So you know that message propagation, the last step far, far away, won't affect your result. You could have dropped this computation. Now, writing the code to do this and doing this faster and doing everything is a hard problem. I don't think that someone has achieved this. >> So you said that the conclusion of the new sets of generalization is graph neural networks? >> Yes. >> In special cases of the graph neural networks? >> [inaudible] yes. >> So what's the message passing [inaudible] and for instance the difference in those cases? >> Something has gone wrong. So the convolutions thing. So this is the CNN. You multiply the state of each pixel, let's say, with something that says with a kernel. This is essentially the kernel you would have, and you update the state of that node. Forget max pooling and things like that for a moment, but you repeat this. So the weights of the edges that you use is essentially your kernel. Of course, I'm showing you this node, but the same exact edges would appear in this node, in this node, in this node, and so on. I'm not sure I answered all your question. >> [inaudible] . >> In the other example, so here, you get a CNN. Each image is a vector. Now, this is the initial state of each of those things. The simplest graph neural network is one without [inaudible] . So you sum up for everything or you do a min pooling, or if you want to do something more complex then, it depends on the flavor of the GNN. >> [inaudible] is what defines graph analysis? >> Yeah. So here, you can say that for each image, let's say, you have this initial representation and you get representations from all the other images in the set, and now, you update your own representation as in, what are my commonalities as an image B with everything else and the same thing happens with A, with C, with D, and you can keep repeating this a few steps. Then at the end of the day, hopefully, each image knows how it's similar or how it relates with every other image. Then you need to summarize the output of these four in this case, or all your images which [inaudible] average would increase, for example, average of the vectors. It depends and also, deep sets have a different formulation. So depending on the paper you look, but yeah, you can transform, for example, our deep sets, they don't explicitly say that and this is old attention and sum for. Cool. Thanks for coming.

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>>Patrick Awuah: I get to hear stories, a team of students that starts a software company, a woman who runs an orphanage, a man who turns down a huge bribe offer because it's the wrong thing to do, a woman who's climbing the corporate ladder, a man two years out of college leading a peace-keeping squad in Liberia. These are amazing stories for me to live with after having quit what I thought was a good career. Because this is a far more rewarding career. I have students who understand now that the best leaders are those who serve their community, their society. And Goethe was right. Fortune favors those who pursue their dreams, those who persist in the just cause. I have learned the peace, the well-being that comes from following a dream. And I believe that fortune will smile on Africa eventually, and the Renaissance that we dream of, that we seek, will come to pass. I believe that it will depend on inspired and committed leaders. And the manner in which we educate those leaders who make all the difference in the world. Thank you. [ Applause ]

Girl you thought he was a man But he was a muffin He hung around till you found That he didn't *pop*

Japanese: ちっちゃい頃に思ってた　未来の姿と今はなんだか 違うようだけれどそれもいっか 僕は旅に出たんだよ　雨の日も風の日もあるけど 大切な何か知りたいんだ LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE ME 自分ばかりでは上手くはいかない　でも LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE YOU 出会えた奇跡を信じていたいな 見慣れていた景色さえも輝いてた English: I feel like I turned out different than who I imagined I’d be when I was little But I guess that’s fine I’ve set out on a journey, though there are windy days and rainy days I’m out to find something special LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE ME Some things you just can’t do alone but… LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE YOU …I want to believe in the miracle of us meeting Even the scenery I’ve grown accustomed to was shining Japanese: 「いつまでも忘れない」 そんな事思う日がくるかな 風に揺れた君の髪の匂いだとか ありふれたこの一瞬　僕はまた今日も探してる やっぱり僕ら思っていたよりも　簡単にはいかないから English: I wonder if the day will come when I can say, "I’ll never forget this" Like the smell of your hair in the wind I’m still searching for the most ordinary of things It looks like things won’t go quite as easy, as we thought they would English: We could choose to be alright alone But when I think about it, that’s really sad Even if I put up a strong front I’m not quite sure what to do. Tell me! LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE ME Words can’t ever get the full point across but… LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE YOU …I hope they get through to you anyway I’ve grown so accustomed to this scenery, but the tears still came Japanese: 一人きりでいればそれでいっか でもでもやっぱ寂しいな　強がっていてもなんだか どうしたらいいの?教えてよ LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE ME 言葉だけじゃどうも伝えきれないけど LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE YOU 少しでも君に届いたらいいな 見慣れていた景色だけど涙が出た English: "Do you still remember that time?" I wonder if I’ll ever find myself thinking those things I fell like I’m running across a field after the rain has lifted And never noticing the moisture that comes gushing out All the while waving goodbye to those days that will never return And simply moving on (You can do it if you try!) Japanese: 「まだ覚えているかい?」 そんな事思う日がくるかな 雨上がりのグラウンドを駆けるような 溢れ出すその一瞬　気づかずに通り過ぎて 戻らない日々に手を振って行くのさ 今日も続いてく

Axiom Verge and Environmental Station Alpha are two independent games which were each developed primarily by a single person and released within one month of each other. While it's not surprising to see them share some similarities considering how they were both heavily influenced by Metroid, what did strike me was how different their weaknesses and strengths were despite that shared inspiration. I think it's worth highlighting what they did better in comparison to each other. So in this video I'll be contrasting their approaches to various aspects of their design, which will hopefully give us a better appreciation of them both. The first immediately striking difference between the two games will be the graphics. Both use relatively simplistic pixelated sprites, but Axiom Verge has a much higher level of detail than Station Alpha. While Axiom Verge looks like an overclocked snare style, Station Alpha looks like it's caught in some weird limbo between early console generations. If this is your first time seeing Station Alpha it might be pretty tough on your eyes -- the extremely low effective resolution can make it difficult to parse even simple details at first but it does get better once you settle into a proper play session. Even so, the graphics don't serve the art direction as well as they do in Axiom Verge. It turns out that this kind of sprite art is actually pretty good at replicating the incomprehensible borderline surreal nature of H.R. Giger's art where Axiom Verge draws much of its inspiration. There's enough detail to show complex machinery, but not enough to clearly discern its purpose. Some of the effects in Station Alpha can be charming in their own simplicity like the twinkling stars in the outdoor scenes but for the most part the visuals are excessively low fidelity. There would be more to be gained by increasing the resolution than would be lost. It seems clear which game had more effort to put into its assets, but when it comes to utilizing those assets Station Alpha actually does a better job. Take a look at this scene here: the cave has clearly defined walls and floors with a solid line denoting the play area; beyond the boundary the sprites are differed so the walls gradually fade away. This is a common technique in 2D games which simulates a sort of awareness of the environment where only the surfaces can be seen and the rest is inferred. It's useful for the gameplay because traversable areas are made clear but it also stops the scene from becoming to visually noisy. Comparing with Axiom Verge and the problem here becomes immediately apparent: the sprites are often arranged in such a way that the lighter ones denote the boundaries but the outskirts never fade away; most rooms are also made up entirely of 90-degree angles which robs them of some personality. Name a room in Axiom Verge, and I have a hard time picturing its layout. Name a room in Station Alpha, and I get a clearer image in my mind because it has a certain shape to it. The whole concept of these games revolves around exploring a large seamless space so this can actually have gameplay ramifications. When individual rooms are more memorable, It's easier to get a feel for the map as a whole. Interestingly, you could make a similar comparison between Super Metroid and Metroid 1. Maybe that's what Thomas Happ was going for, but it actually looks worse than Metroid 1 in places where different tiles are thrown in at random. It's an understandable temptation to want to break up the repetition, but at times it ends up looking like a mess. This is especially disappointing because the use of light and shadow on some of the larger objects is remarkable. Perhaps It's unfair to expect a similar level of quality across the whole game and you could say that this clarity serves the art direction in a sense anyway. Giger's style tends to overwhelm the eye with so much detail it loses its definition, to an extent Axiom Verge accomplishes that so it could be worse -- it's just difficult to enjoy playing a game in the middle of it sometimes. A comparison between the music of the two games is quite similar. Axiom Verge soundtrack has more varieties of centipede sleeve, a longer running time and even some distorted vocal effects. But there's something to be said for the simple ambient Substation Alpha. There's an irony here because Station Alpha has a more relaxing soundtrack but is by far the more challenging of the two. Calm music paired with difficult gameplay is a beautiful combination, two things that balance each other out. It also helps that it goes especially well with the relatively slow paced exploration these games tend to focus on. That said, it's not as though Axiom Verge music is bad -- far from it, it has catchy eerie melodies and it's wobbly pulsing since captured a disturbing nature of traces new reality quite well. Part of this comes from the sprites themselves which have their animation synced to the beat of the rhythm in each area. It's a subtle effect, but it helps to accentuate both the soundtrack and the environments. Whichever visuals or music you prefer, it's clear that Axiom Verge is a more modern take on things, while Station Alpha is firmly rooted in the past. It even uses a 4:3 viewport resulting in black bars on the sides of widescreen displays. Likely a result of engine limitations but dissapointing nonetheless. As annoying as it is to see a large portion of the screen wasted, even this can't be considered an objective flaw since there's no guarantee that displays will continue to be widescreen in the future. Maybe at some point everyone will start using perfectly square TVs or some other new standard where Station Alpha will actually fare better than the widescreen games being produced today. Stranger things have happened, but we have to admit that looks incredibly unlikely. It's a lot more sensible to design games with current display standards in mind. That's exactly the kind of axiom Axiom Verge follows being presented in glorious widescreen which makes the environments field that much more expansive and gives the player more room to scope out and respond to threats. By far the best enhancement, however, is the way it zooms out during bosses so that even the most Gargantuan enemy can be easily seen in their entirety. And its most extreme, this ends up displaying about 4 times as much stuff as usual. Not the kind of thing that could be done by a game which is continually taxing the hardware. This is a criminally underutilized property of these retro inspired games maybe because many of them are poorly optimized. So, I want to take a moment to emphasize this. It's only because Axiom Verge is usually running with so much spare overhead that it's able to dramatically ramp things up when necessary. This helps to justify the simplistic pixel art beyond just aesthetic or budgetary concerns. If the graphics were rich with detail, then zooming out might make it difficult to follow the action. To put it simply, Axiom Verge takes advantage of Hardware advances to present a retro inspired game with a genuinely modern sheen. Its polished, and it serves the gameplay really well during boss fights. As for the bosses themselves, they leave something to be desired. Most are complete pushover which mainly consists them standing in place, hammering away at a weak point, and occasionally moving slightly to avoid some projectiles. The final boss inverts this by sending out a barrage of awkward attacks, so that the go-to-strategy is just a tank hits and burst it down as quickly as possible. Station Alpha on the other hand is packed full of challenging unique fights that always feel fair. Yes, some attacks might catch you off-guard the first time, but everything is telegraphed about as well as you could hope for. Damage can always be avoided and players are expected to do so as much as possible before they'll be allowed to advance. While some might take several attempts to overcome, it leads to a genuine sense of accomplishment once they're defeated. There's a few contributing factors why the bosses of Station Alpha turned out better than the ones in Axiom Verge. Firstly it comes down to a difference in their health systems. In Axiom Verge you start with 2 pips and confined up to a maximum of 15, a 7.5 times increase. In Station Alpha you start with 10 and confined up to a maximum of 13, a 3-fold increase. It's worth noting that Axiom Verge is actually relatively conservative in terms of health upgrades, all things considered. Super Metroid has 14 additional energy tanks and 4 reserve tanks, and 18 times increase. So, Axiom Verge has less than half as many. Station Alpha, again, has half as few as Axiom Verge. The first health upgrade in Station Alpha is given for free, bringing HP up to 14, and later tanks have diminishing returns, so the general range of health is even smaller than 10 to 30. In actuality It's more likely that players will have somewhere between 14 and 27 health by the time they finish most bosses. All in all it can be assumed that a player going into a Station Alpha boss will have a pretty small health pool which naturally leads to tighter balancing. If there's a chance the player is going to walk into the fight and be killed in two hits, then you have to make sure those hits can be reliably dodged. Just to be clear, a restrictive health system isn't a prerequisite for good bosses. Super Metroid's bosses are at least as good or better than the ones in Axiom Verge. But a well-balanced health system is a good way of keeping the designer honest. Secondly, it's worth pointing out that although the robot in Station Alpha uses it gone. Mechanically It acts as a melee weapon instead of arranged one. Upgrades pushed that range out further over the course of a playthrough but it always forces players to put themselves in danger whenever they want to deal damage. Axiom Verge's vast array of weapons offer a lot of variety: some of them are quite imaginative, some of them are typical defined, and some are enjoyable to use. It seems no matter what your preference, there's it gone for you, but addition only goes so far -- sometimes subtraction is key. No matter which gun you prefer, tries will always have access to the basic blaster which allows him to keep most enemies and bosses at screens length. That doesn't mean the player is completely out of harm's way. Naturally enough the bosses views ranged attacks of their own but it does mean you're unlikely to find that satisfaction of weaving close to the enemy to deliver the final blow. At least, not without some sort of self-imposed challenge anyway. Lastly, movement is another reason why bosses in Station Alpha shine -- they capitalize more on the acquired upgrades. When you get the double jump, you're expected to use it to dodge attacks. The dash and vertical dash are put to similarly good use later on. There's a gradual increase in complexity which avoids overwhelming the player while slowly pushing them to do more each time. It helps that the upgrades themselves are more responsive than the ones in Axiom Verge. The hookshot is present in both games, but the one in Station Alpha puts the order to shame. On the surface, the Axiom Verge version is actually more fully featured: you can shorten or lengthen the grapple, dangle in place, and even swing several times before letting go. Station Alpha's hook shock carries the player's momentum though and it's simple one swing limit just makes it easier to use. You can smoothly traverse entire rooms with it and even utilize your speed to carry you places that might seem impossible at first. A similar comparison could be made between the dashes of both games. The final version of Axiom Verge technically has more uses, but Station Alpha just requires a single button press, whereas Axiom Verge has a weird double tap setup, which not only makes it awkward to use precisely, but also means it's possible to accidentally when you didn't want to. This corridor of spikes, which has to be navigated entirely by dashing, is a daunting challenge at first, but after making it to the end I found I could repeat the entire sequence again with surprising regularity. A similar setup in Axiom Verge would be an unmitigated disaster just because of the control scheme. I had a whole diatribe here about how I thought the controls should have been laid out but I'll spare you since there's many valid answers to that problem. The important point is that even if you can remap buttons, you can't improve the aiming or dashes because of the way they're built into the game. Station Alpha has fewer actions, but because the controls work perfectly, the bosses and environments are designed to utilize them to their fullest. That said, the upgrades you do find in Station Alpha are mostly pretty generic. A double jump, a hook-shot and a dash are all well-worn material. Axiom Verge is considerably more imaginative in this regard. The ability to phase through walls is a particularly brilliant Inclusion because it recaptures a feeling that many games in this style have missed. When the earlier Metroid games were released, nobody had any idea what the upgrades would be, so when you got the grapple beam or morph bombs that caused you to see the world in a new way. Areas you had previously ignored were suddenly accessible in a way you maybe didn't quite expect. That feeling returns in Axiom Verge, booting it up for the first time you're not gonna be watching out for single block walls waiting for the moment you can phase through them. Instead you'll see some collectables scattered around with no idea how to reach them, then, after gaining the ability, it suddenly clicks into place. The way you see the world changes, those walls stick out more, you suddenly realize how many of them you've obliviously walked past. This might be Axiom Verge's greatest strength and it's an unfortunate rarity since other developers often play it too safe with upgrades. There's a sense of discovery you can't quite replicate by giving players the same power-ups in every game. The glitch gun is even more imaginative with many enemies having unique and interesting effects that can be utilized in a variety of ways. It's only downside is that it requires a lot of experimentation to utilize properly, but you could say that reflects the exploratory nature of the rest of the game. In spite of its inventiveness, perhaps the biggest revelation and all of Axiom Verge is actually what it lacks. Anytime I start playing a game like this, the first question on my mind is: ''When am i going to get the double jump?'' Station alpha played exactly to my expectations on this one, although to its credit -- It gets the double jump out of the way as early as possible. Axiom Verge goes down a different route entirely. Instead of a double jump you get a drone shot upgrade which provides similar functionality but with a lot more versatility. It would have been so easy to include a double-jump anyway. Nobody would complain about another shiny bauble to collect so it's respectable that it wasn't just thrown in there for the sake of it. You can certainly levy some complaints that Axiom Verge's identity is too closely tied to Metroid, even the lack of a double jump could be construed that way, but for the most part it does a wonderful job of creating a distinct set of power-ups even compared to other games in this quasi-genre. Another strengths of Axiom Verge, partially thanks to those unique abilities is, is that progress tends to be gated in a more natural and engaging way. To be fair, Station Alpha does a good job of this with its grappling hook too. In both of these games you're free to try hooking wherever you want, usually with success. This beats the hell out of being restricted to predefined grapple points that tell you where and when to use it. That said, Station Alpha does fall into that trap with its dash upgrades. Once you get the dash move, you can make your way past red blocks. But there's no reason for those red blocks to be there other than to get in your way. And whenever you see them, you immediately know they exist solely to be dashed past. In a way, It's not really any different from getting a red key card or something. Axiom Verge doesn't display these things so obviously. It's up to you to keep a careful eye on the scenery and identify areas where you might want to use a certain ability. Shortly after getting the phase code for the first time I came to this dead-end on the surface, thought I was blocked, and actually turned around for a little while before remembering I could just go through it. It was a moment of idiocy on my part but I'm incredibly glad the game let me make that mistake. Phasing through that wall was all the more cathartic because it was up to me to connect the dots. That gradual exploration is the central pillar of both games which naturally results in some backtracking. A unique appeal of Metroid style games is eventually getting to explore those areas that were tantalizingly out of reach before. Even so, it's no surprise that many similar games are for war points in an attempt to curb tedium. It's commendable that Axiom Verge refuses to rely on the easy answer of teleportation, but the massive tunnel is still a relatively uninteresting solution to the problem. Since there's no challenge involved here, It's more or less mechanically equivalent to having a teleporter at each end anyway. Station Alpha has a more engaging system whereby accomplishing certain objectives will activate additional enemies making previous areas more dangerous. These fresh challenges are placed in some of the highest traffic areas, taking much of the sting out of backtracking while still preserving the appeal. Unfortunately, this great implementation is undermined a little by the inclusion of teleporters anyway. As expected, both games reward exploration with pickups, health upgrades, and story related items that flesh out the history of the world. Both games even feature multiple endings based on how much exploring you do. Station Alpha really sticks out here because after the first ending opens up, the exploration starts to change from being action focused to more puzzle based. It's impressive just how many areas are hidden next to previously well explored locales, but following a bunch of obtuse sometimes ambiguous clues to find an ex breadcrumb is a dramatic shift in gameplay. In theory there's nothing wrong with this, but it's the kind of thing that players just won't be expecting because of how the rest of the game plays out. It can be difficult to adjust your mindset when you've seen enough to think you were basically finished already. At times these puzzles are so difficult that it feels almost more like a community focused challenge. If nothing else, at least this abrupt turn makes Station Alpha incredibly memorable because it's so unexpected. This is the kind of thing independent games really excel at -- taking risks some people will love at the cost of alienating others. There's an admirable amount of work gone into these later sections, epecially considering how well hidden they are, but It could have been framed a lot better. It's a sad reality that when a game has multiple endings, we expect one of them to be the good ending or at the very least the true ending. Station Alpha box this trend: once the poor little robot sets foot on the station -- its doomed. But there's no way to know that until you go all the way down the rabbit hole. When you get the first ending and realize there's more -- you might feel as though you haven't really beaten the game because you haven't seen the good ending yet. This is the problem. The postgame content of Station Alpha was almost certainly intended to be bonus material just for those players who really enjoy that sort of stuff. But because you don't get a good ending before it, It feels like something that everyone is supposed to go through. You could say that this is more a problem with player expectations than the game itself, but it still feels as though Station Alpha pushes too many boundaries at once. The majority of players just aren't going to be willing or able to go through all of this themselves, so a satisfying cutoff point before it would have let them close the book on their adventure and be reasonably content. To its credit, the post-game of Station Alpha is such a descent into weirdness that in a sense it beats Axiom Verge at its own game. Axiom Verge deserves praise for crafting a world that seems truly alien but it looks so strange right from the very start that it struggles to find some kind of progression. Station Alpha with it's almost cutesy take on Metroid bloose into a false sense of security before ratcheting up the madness. By the end, it goes all-out horror more than once capturing the feeling of stumbling across some ancient dangerous force that was better left alone. As engrossing as this can be, the plot itself is pretty threadbare. A game like this doesn't necessarily need an interesting story, but Axiom Verge manages to have one without feeling intrusive. Character interactions gradually reveal more about the situation but are also sparse and brief enough not to become a nuisance. It only has marginally more text in Station Alpha while managing to convey a much more rich sense of history. Optional logs contain conversations between unseen characters, oblique references to past events and tease subjects like quantum immortality, a brain-in-a-vat, and technological worship. It all seems relevant and it's enough to spark the sort of conspiracy theories that will keep fans talking as long as there's someone listening or until a sequel elaborates further. So, while Station Alpha's unexpected descent into the unknown is more engaging moment-to-moment, Axiom verge tends to linger in the mind afterwards. That about wraps things up, but before my closing thoughts I would like to point out that as much as these games are great in their own ways they have at least one mistake in common. Both rely on hidden areas behind otherwise normal-looking walls. Off course, the secret areas should be difficult to find but the problem is -- as soon as you have one place like this the player doesn't know how many more there are, so they're inclined to start checking every wall that looks mildly suspicious. Axiom Verge is the worst of the two for this, since the lab coat addressed disruptor and drill could all conceivably reveal buried secrets which makes it even more tedious to check each one but it remains a problem in Station Alpha as well. To be fair, the both designers is a true catch-22 situation of game design. So many games have relied on this trick, that players are practically conditioned to look for secret areas in this way. So you could argue if the player is going to waste time doing stuff like this anyway, then you might as well reward them for it. Maybe it's worse to check every wall and find nothing, but I think for going these kinds of secrets entirely would have a huge benefit by allowing players to stop worrying about it on subsequent playthroughs. The save rooms of Axiom Verge are evidence that this kind of knowledge can be liberating. As far as I'm aware, there's absolutely nothing hidden in any of these rooms. So, the next time you play -- keep that in mind and notice what a relief it is not to have to check any of those corners. Now imagine that applied to the whole game. To be clear, i'm not advocating against secrets entirely. Just that this method of hiding behind completely normal looking terrain leads to a lot of disruption. At times during this comparison that almost sounded like these two games are polar opposites. But in reality -- they share a lot of the same DNA... ...or whatever the game design equivalent of DNA is. D- DNA is just code, so... But I can't say 'code' because they don't actually share the same code. So... they showed they have a lot of the same 'metaphorical DNA'... ...not 'actual DNA' because they're games I know that. Okay, so don't say that. Anyway. When you summarize it -- it boils down to some simple statements. Station Alpha is a more primitive title but makes better use of what it's got. Axiom Verge doesn't reach all its potential but it's more ambitious and imaginative. Their strengths and weaknesses happen to overlap in so many ways, it seems possible that some future game could inherit the best of both. Hopefully these developers and others can learn from the examples both games provide for each other. Even though they might be flawed in different ways, we're lucky to have them carrying the Metroid torch so adeptly. Both of these games show that there's still plenty of room for this sub-genre to grow. There's a lot of exploring still left to do.

It's quite a climb up this hill but if you're feeling brave around the other side of the big mountain and just next to the stadium is the house of the man who the English press called "The Wickedest Man in the World" It's really creepy actually Wow...it's still here. No one's lived here for years It's just all abandoned and still here Aleister Crowley was born in 1875 and was an occultist, poet and general weirdo who founded a religion called Thelema and considered himself to be the prophet who would lead the human race into the aeon of Horus Whatever that is in the 20th Century a bit like like Scientology, in fact I think L. Ron. Hubbard was inspired by him He was certainly his friend anyway and he is said to have inspired Aldous Huxley, David Bowie, The Beatles, and honestly thought himself to be the "Beast 666" as prophecised by John the Divine in the book of Revelation an occultist, he was a painter, a mountaineer and I think he was a double agent as well in the war Let's go through the keyhole with Joolzy How do you get in? Do you want to clamber down there, I reckon that's the way in. Looks safe enough He was just a weird kind of deviant In his lifetime he becamea notorious bi-sexual, drug experimentor and satanist and people would come to his house and do all sorts of weird sex experiments and stuff like that until Moussolini eventually had him expelled from Italy The Temple of Thelema Doesn't look like much of a temple to me Who knows, maybe there's someone in there now performing some ritualistic sex (bestiality) . It is actually really dangerous to go in, I'm kind of reluctant There we go...he's in....Ok Be careful Julian Julian Oh he's a foo! It's really freaky in here It's hard to believe he used to live here with his weird followers until 1923 when the Italians had enough of him Kind of feels like his weird followers still come in here I'm already far too weirded out in here and it's horrible. It smells It feels a bit dangerous Yeah they've clearly closed it off for a reason in there Simon, don't knock anything with that big rucksack. You might have the whole thing come down on you This is a freaky place I mean they wore robes, performed rituals. He offered what they call a "libertine" educationfor the children of his followers and allowed them to play all day and witness acts of sex magic He also said "I slept with faith and found a corpse in my arms on awakening." What a nutter! Yes, sounds like a nice guy Quite fitting that it looks like it's been taken over by drug addicts and vagabonds and homeless people Maybe you should move in here, Simon...

Bonjour à tous et bienvenue dans cette nouvelle vidéo! En français, on entend souvent les mots cod et coi. Dans cette vidéo, je vais donc vous expliquer ce qu'est un complément d'objet et ensuite nous verrons comment identifier un complément d'objet direct et un complément d'objet indirect. Un complément d'objet complète toujours le sens d'un verbe. Le complément d'objet est essentiel à la compréhension de la phrase. Si on supprime ce complément d'objet, le sens de la phrase n'est plus du tout le même. Prenons un exemple : Dans cette phrase, vous avez un sujet "je", un verbe "mange" et "une pomme" complément d'objet du verbe "mange". Il précise l'action du verbe "mange". Si j'enlève ce complément d'objet, la phrase n'a plus du tout, le même sens. Comme nous venons de le voir, le complément d'objet est essentiel. Il précise l'action du verbe Regardons maintenant les mots qui peuvent être des compléments d'objet. Un complément d'objet est le plus souvent : Par exemple : Mais il peut être aussi Il peut être Par exemple : Il peut être aussi Il peut être encore Et enfin, il peut être aussi Par exemple : Comme nous le voyons dans ces exemples, le complément d'objet est généralement situé après le verbe. Reprenons notre premier exemple. Ici, le complément d'objet est situé après le verbe. Cependant, il y a des situations où le complément d'objet est situé avant le verbe. Il est situé avant le verbe quand il est Il existe deux types de compléments d'objet : le complément d'objet direct appelé aussi COD et le complément d'objet indirect appelé COI. Le complément d'objet direct précise le sens du verbe. Il est directement relié au verbe, c'est-à-dire qu'il n'y a pas de préposition entre le verbe est le complément d'objet le verbe suivi d'un complément d'objet direct est appelé "verbe transitif direct". Pour savoir si un verbe a un complément d'objet direct, vous pouvez poser la question qui? ou la question quoi? Prenons deux exemples : Je regarde quoi ? "la télévision". "la télévision" est complément d'objet direct du verbe "regarde". Prenons un deuxième exemple : J'aime quoi? "chanter". "chanter" est complément d'objet direct du verbe "aime". Passons maintenant au complément d'objet indirect ou COI. Contrairement au complément d'objet direct, le complément d'objet indirect est un directement relié au verbe c'est-à-dire qu'il y a une préposition entre le verbe et le complément d'objet. Le plus souvent la préposition "à" ou la préposition "de". le verbe suivi d'un complément d'objet indirect est appelé verbe transitif indirect. Pour savoir si ce verbe a un complément d'objet indirect, on pose la question à qui? à quoi? ou de qui? de quoi? en fonction de la préposition utilisée avec ce verbe. Prenons deux exemples : J'ai téléphoné à qui? "à ma mère" "à ma mère" est complément d'objet indirect du verbe "ai téléphoné". Prenons un deuxième exemple : J'ai besoin de quoi? "de vacances". "de vacances" est complément d'objet indirect du verbe "ai besoin". En conclusion, identifier un COD et un COI est essentiel. Cela va vous permettre de mieux conjuguer les verbes aux temps composés mais cela va vous aider aussi à mieux choisir les pronoms. Les pronom relatifs comme "que" qui remplace un cod mais aussi les pronoms complément (direct ou indirect) Voilà j'espère que ces explications vous aident à comprendre ce qu'est un complément d'objet. On se voit très bientôt pour une prochaine vidéo!

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English: Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. In today's video, we're going to talk about: nutrition. So, we're going to get a little introduction into how to maintain a proper diet, what you're eating, what you should eat, what you shouldn't eat, how much you should eat, etc. And we're going to especially look at the different types of nutrients that you should put into your body if you want to grow, if you want to maintain, if you want to lose weight, etc. So, we're going to start with the basic process. Okay? Eating, drinking, all these things. We're going to look at these two verbs: "ingest" and "digest". Okay? So, when we're talking about nutrition, we're talking about what you're taking into your body. So, when you ingest something, when you ingest nutrients, you are swallowing them or absorbing them. So, "swallow" basically means chew and swallow. Right? Portuguese: Oi. Bem vindo ao www.engvid.com. Eu sou o Adam No vídeo de hoje, vamos falar sobre: nutrição. Então, vamos fazer uma pequena apresentação em como manter uma dieta adequada, o que você está comendo, o que você deve comer, o que você não deveria coma, quanto você deve comer, etc. E nós vamos olhar especialmente para o diferentes tipos de nutrientes que você deve colocar em seu corpo se você quiser crescer, se você quer manter, se você quer perder peso, etc. Então, vamos começar com o processo básico. OK? Comendo, bebendo, todas essas coisas. Nós vamos olhar para estes dois verbos: "ingerir" e "digerir". OK? Então, quando estamos falando de nutrição, estamos falando sobre o que você está levando para o seu corpo. Então, quando você ingere algo, quando ingere nutrientes, você está engolindo-os ou absorvendo-os. Então, "engolir" basicamente significa mastigar e engolir. Certo? English: So, "chew" is break down the food in your mouth, and then you swallow it; you take it in and push it down into your stomach. You can also absorb nutrients. For example, we absorb vitamin D from the sun through our skin. Okay? So, you can absorb or swallow - means you're ingesting your nutrients. In your stomach, your stomach produces juices—they're mostly acids—that break down the food and separate it into its different components that can then be absorbed in the intestines. So, the intestines are the long tubes that go back and forth from your stomach until the waste comes out, and inside all the good nutrients get absorbed into the blood, and pushed around to all the parts of the body that need them. So, let's look specifically at the nutrients that you're going to need. Portuguese: Então, "mastigar" é quebrar a comida em sua boca e depois engolir; você leva isso e empurre-o para baixo em seu estômago. Você também pode absorver nutrientes. Por exemplo, nós absorvemos a vitamina D do sol através da nossa pele. OK? Então, você pode absorver ou engolir - significa que você está ingerindo seus nutrientes. Em seu estômago, seu estômago produz sucos - eles são principalmente ácidos - que quebram a comida e separá-lo em seus diferentes componentes que pode então ser absorvido nos intestinos. Então, os intestinos são os longos tubos que vai e volta do seu estômago até o lixo sai e dentro de todo o bem nutrientes são absorvidos pelo sangue, e empurrado para todas as partes do corpo que precisam deles. Então, vamos olhar especificamente para os nutrientes que você vai precisar. Portuguese: Agora, a primeira coisa que você precisa saber sobre nutrientes é ... É que eles não são sintetizados naturalmente pelo corpo. Então, o corpo produz muitas coisas precisa, mas algumas coisas não podem ser sintetizadas; não pode montar um novo nutriente. Então, esses nutrientes precisam ser ingeridos; eles precisa ser colocado em seu corpo, basicamente. Certo? E nós temos: carboidratos, proteínas, gorduras, vitaminas e minerais. E estes são considerados essenciais. Você pode viver sem carboidratos, mas você não pode viver sem esses nutrientes. OK? Então, quais são esses? Então, "carboidratos" - chamamos de "carboidratos" para curto-estes são os nutrientes que fornecem sua energia corporal, especialmente para o seu cérebro. OK? Eles vêm de frutas e legumes, grãos ... Então, por exemplo, pão, que vem do trigo ou qualquer outro tipo de grão, tem muito English: Now, first thing you need to know about nutrients are... Is that they are not synthesized naturally by the body. So, the body produces a lot of the things it needs, but some things it just can't synthesize; it can't put together to create a new nutrient. So, these nutrients need to be ingested; they need to be put into your body, basically. Right? And we have: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. And these are considered essential. You can live without carbohydrates, but you can't live without these nutrients. Okay? So, what are these? So, "carbohydrates"-we call them "carbs" for short-these are the nutrients that provide your body energy, especially for your brain. Okay? They come from fruits and vegetables, grains... So, for example, bread, which comes from wheat or whatever other kind of grain, has a lot English: of carbohydrates. Comes from sugars, and starches, like rice, etc. So, all of these give your body a lot of energy. Now, you also get energy from the other minerals... From the other nutrients as well, but carbohydrates are a very good source. The problem is they can also lead to weight gain, if you don't control the intake. Okay? We can also say: "intake of nutrients". Basically means take in; intake. Okay? So, carbohydrates. Then we have proteins. "Proteins" are the nutrients that help create and build tissues and muscles in your body. So, when a child is growing and getting bigger, it's the proteins that help create that growth. It's good for bones, and muscles, and tissues, etc. Proteins are made of amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein, and there are many different types of amino acids. Portuguese: de carboidratos. Vem de açúcares e amidos, como arroz, etc. Então, tudo isso dá ao seu corpo muita energia. Agora, você também recebe energia dos outros minerais ... De outros nutrientes também, mas carboidratos é uma fonte muito boa. O problema é que eles também podem levar ao peso ganho, se você não controlar o consumo. OK? Podemos também dizer: "ingestão de nutrientes". Basicamente significa pegar; ingestão. OK? Então, carboidratos. Então nós temos proteínas. "Proteínas" são os nutrientes que ajudam a criar e construa tecidos e músculos em seu corpo. Então, quando uma criança está crescendo e ficando maior, são as proteínas que ajudam a criar esse crescimento. É bom para ossos, músculos e tecidos etc. As proteínas são feitas de aminoácidos, que são os blocos de construção de proteínas, e lá Existem muitos tipos diferentes de aminoácidos. English: And these days you can take pills specifically with the amino acids that you want for specific things. So, nowadays, you see a lot of guys or girls - big, big muscles, and you think: "Oh, steroids." Right? Not necessarily; they could just be taking a lot of amino acids, and exercising a lot, and growing their muscles and looking much bigger. So, proteins are basically the building blocks. "Fats" are the nutrients that store energy. So, if you eat too many carbohydrates, the fats will store that energy as sugar, and that's why you get fat. That's why it's called... When a person is a little bit heavy, we sometimes say: "Fat". It's a bit of a misleading word, but that's what happens - you're storing too much energy. Right? And you have different types of fatty acids. Now, fats, as we said, they're essential; they're necessary nutrients, which means fat is not bad. Portuguese: E hoje em dia você pode tomar pílulas especificamente com os aminoácidos que você quer para coisas específicas. Então, hoje em dia, você vê muitos caras ou garotas - músculos grandes e grandes, e você pensa: "Ó esteróides". Certo? Não necessariamente; eles poderiam apenas estar tomando muitos aminoácidos e muito exercício, e crescendo seus músculos e olhando muito Maior. Então, as proteínas são basicamente os blocos de construção. "Gorduras" são os nutrientes que armazenam energia. Então, se você comer muitos carboidratos, o as gorduras armazenam essa energia como açúcar e é por isso que você engorda. É por isso que é chamado ... Quando uma pessoa é um pouco pesada, às vezes diga: "Fat". É uma palavra enganosa, mas é o que acontece - você está armazenando muita energia. Certo? E você tem diferentes tipos de ácidos graxos. Agora, as gorduras, como dissemos, são essenciais; são nutrientes necessários, o que significa gordura não é mal. English: You should eat fatty foods, but there are different types of fats and some of them you should absolutely avoid. So, when we're talking about fats, we're talking about mono-unsaturated fats or poly-unsaturated fats. These are the healthy fats. Okay? They're in meat, they're in fish, they're in fruits and vegetables - you need these. Okay? But, again, you don't want to overdo anything. Saturated fats... Like, I'm not getting into the medical details of the difference between saturated and unsaturated. It's something about their bonds and the hydrogen molecules - don't worry about that. If you want to know, you could do some research. For now, things like nuts and certain oils, and fish, and avocado, etc. - these are all good fats that you should take in. Okay? What you should absolutely avoid are trans fats. Now, trans fats are fats that are basically a byproduct of a manufacturing process. Okay? So they're a byproduct. Oops. Portuguese: Você deve comer alimentos gordurosos, mas existem diferentes tipos de gorduras e alguns deles você deve absolutamente evitar. Então, quando estamos falando de gorduras, estamos falando sobre gorduras mono-insaturadas ou poli-insaturadas gorduras. Estas são as gorduras saudáveis. OK? Eles estão na carne, eles estão no peixe, eles estão em frutas e legumes - você precisa disso. OK? Mas, novamente, você não quer exagerar em nada. Gorduras saturadas ... Tipo, eu não estou entrando nos detalhes médicos da diferença entre saturado e insaturado. É algo sobre suas ligações e o hidrogênio moléculas - não se preocupe com isso. Se você quiser saber, você poderia fazer alguma pesquisa. Por enquanto, coisas como nozes e certos óleos, e peixe, e abacate, etc. - estes são todos gorduras boas que você deve tomar dentro OK? O que você deve absolutamente evitar são trans gorduras. Agora, gorduras trans são gorduras que são basicamente um subproduto de um processo de fabricação. OK? Então eles são um subproduto. Oops Portuguese: Então, por exemplo, quando uma empresa fabrica margarina ou eles fazem assados ​​em grandes quantidades, como biscoitos, bolos e coisas assim, ou batatas fritas ou óleo de cozinha ... Então, se você está comendo batatas fritas fritas - muito, muito insalubre. Essas gorduras trans, elas basicamente são as coisas que obstruem suas artérias. Então, as veias, o ... Ou desculpe. As artérias - os tubos que saem de seu coração com o sangue, eles ficam cheios de isto... Essas gorduras e depois o sangue não pode fluir e é por isso que as pessoas têm um ataque cardíaco ou outras doenças porque o sangue não é fluindo corretamente. Então, esses são os que você deve evitar; estes são os que você quer entrar de você. OK? E depois há vitaminas e minerais. Basicamente, isso adiciona ou ajuda as funções do corpo. English: So, for example, when a company makes margarine or they make baked goods in mass quantities, like cookies, or cakes, and things like that, or chips, or cooking oil... So, if you're eating deep-fried French fries - very, very unhealthy. These trans fats, they basically are the things that clog your arteries. So, the veins, the... Or, sorry. The arteries - the tubes that come out of your heart with the blood, they get full of this... These fats, and then the blood can't flow, and that's why people have a heart attack or other diseases because the blood is not flowing properly. So, these are the ones you have to avoid; these are the ones that you want to get inside of you. Okay? And then there are vitamins and minerals. Basically, these add or aid the functions of the body. Portuguese: Eles ajudam a controlar produtos químicos, ajudam a criar enzimas, elas ajudam diferentes órgãos a funcionar adequadamente. OK? Vitaminas, nós geralmente ... Quando estamos falando de vitaminas, estamos falando sobre, como, vitamina A, B, C, B12, D5 - todos diferentes tipos de letras e números. Minerais são ... Tem seus próprios nomes; ferro, zinco, magnésio, cálcio. OK? Tudo isso é muito importante. Você pode facilmente levar suplementos ... Agora, se você não se cansa dessas vitaminas e minerais através de sua comida, você pode tomar pílulas ou pós e certifique-se de que você obtenha o suficiente de todas essas vitaminas e minerais para ajudar o seu corpo a funcionar corretamente. Se você está se sentindo um pouco cansado, você está perdendo certas vitaminas. Se você está se sentindo um pouco pesado, você está perdendo certos minerais. Se seus ossos estão fracos, você precisa de diferentes minerais, etc. Então, tudo muito, muito importante. Agora... Então agora sabemos a ideia básica de nutrientes. Vamos ver sua dieta. OK? English: They help control chemicals, they help create enzymes, they help different organs work properly. Okay? Vitamins, we usually... When we're talking about vitamins, we're talking about, like, vitamin A, B, C, B12, D5 - all different types of letters and numbers. Minerals are... Have their own names; iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium. Okay? These are all very important. You can easily take supplements... Now, if you don't get enough of these vitamins and minerals through your food, you can take pills or powders and make sure that you get enough of all of these vitamins and minerals to help your body function properly. If you're feeling a little tired, you're missing certain vitamins. If you're feeling a little heavy, you're missing certain minerals. If your bones are weak, you need different minerals, etc. So, all very, very important. Now... So now we know the basic idea of nutrients. Let's look at your diet. Okay? English: Okay, so now we know what we're taking into our bodies; what we're ingesting, what we're digesting, etc. Now we need to think about the whole process; the whole thing as a big picture thing. Now, before I get into these words, you have to understand the number one rule of gaining weight or losing weight is not exercise. Exercise is very, very important - don't get me wrong, but if you want to lose weight or gain weight, it's all about the diet. It's all about what you take into your body. Right? If you want to lose weight, you can go to the gym every single day, five hours a day, and go on that treadmill and walk, walk, walk, jog, jog, jog - but if you're eating McDonald's right after your workout, you're not going to lose any weight. Diet is more important than exercise if you want to change the way your body looks. Okay? Now, let's talk about diet. What does "diet" mean? Unfortunately, these days the word "diet" means to try to lose weight, but that's not Portuguese: Ok, agora sabemos o que estamos levando em nossos corpos; o que estamos ingerindo, o que estamos digestão, etc. Agora precisamos pensar sobre todo o processo; a coisa toda como uma coisa grande foto. Agora, antes de eu entrar nessas palavras, você tem para entender a regra número um de ganhar peso ou perda de peso não é exercício. O exercício é muito, muito importante - não fique me errado, mas se você quer perder peso ou ganhar peso, é tudo sobre a dieta. É tudo sobre o que você leva para o seu corpo. Certo? Se você quer perder peso, você pode ir para o ginásio todos os dias, cinco horas por dia, e vá nessa esteira e caminhe, ande, ande, jog, jog, jog - mas se você está comendo o McDonald's logo após o treino, você não vai perder algum peso. A dieta é mais importante que o exercício se você quer mudar a aparência do seu corpo. OK? Agora vamos falar sobre dieta. O que significa "dieta"? Infelizmente, hoje em dia a palavra "dieta" significa tentar perder peso, mas isso não é English: what "diet" actually means. "Diet" means the things that you eat, basically. If you want to gain weight, you go on a diet; if you want to lose weight, you go on a diet. What does it mean: "to go on a diet"? It means to control the food that's coming into your body. Now, more specifically, what are you trying to control? You're trying to control the calories. Okay? Everything you eat has a... Or drink has a number of calories. Now, an average adult should get about 2,000 calories per day. Okay? That's a healthy average calorie count for the day. If you're getting more than that, you risk gaining weight. If you're getting less than that, you're going to lose weight. If you want to lose weight, that's fine; if you want to gain weight, that's fine too. But "diet" is just basically the system of eating that you have, and you can change that, depending what you want from your body. Portuguese: o que "dieta" realmente significa. "Dieta" significa as coisas que você come, basicamente. Se você quer ganhar peso, você faz uma dieta; Se você quer perder peso, você faz uma dieta. O que significa: "fazer dieta"? Significa controlar a comida que está chegando em seu corpo. Agora, mais especificamente, o que você está tentando controlar? Você está tentando controlar as calorias. OK? Tudo o que você come tem um ... Ou beber tem um número de calorias. Agora, um adulto médio deve receber cerca de 2.000 calorias por dia. OK? Essa é uma contagem de calorias média saudável para o dia. Se você está recebendo mais do que isso, corre o risco ganhando peso. Se você está recebendo menos do que isso, você vai perder peso. Se você quer perder peso, tudo bem; E se você quer ganhar peso, tudo bem também. Mas "dieta" é basicamente o sistema de comendo o que você tem, e você pode mudar isso, dependendo do que você quer do seu corpo. English: Now, "calories" are basically energy units. You call... It's measured in joules, but nobody actually uses the word "joules", so I'm not going to worry about that now. Now, you should always watch your calorie count; watch the calories you're taking in. Basically it means be aware of. So, some people use a calorie calculator. Okay? A "calorie calculator" means every time they eat something, they punch in the number of calories in that meal, and then at the end of the day they see how many calories they ate or drank. Make sure that you pay attention to food labels. Every time you go to the supermarket, every time you buy a packaged item of food, there's going to be on the side or somewhere on the package a label that tells you the components; what... How much... How many carbohydrates are you getting, in grams; how many proteins; how many... Which vitamins, which minerals - all this stuff. So, make sure you pay attention to the label; it will also tell you how many calories you Portuguese: Agora, "calorias" são basicamente unidades de energia. Você chama... É medido em joules, mas na verdade ninguém usa a palavra "joules", então eu não vou se preocupe com isso agora. Agora, você deve sempre observar sua caloria contagem; Observe as calorias que você está tomando. Basicamente, significa estar ciente de. Então, algumas pessoas usam uma calculadora de calorias. OK? Uma "calculadora de calorias" significa que toda vez que comer alguma coisa, eles perfuram o número de calorias nessa refeição, e depois no final do dia eles vêem quantas calorias eles comeu ou bebeu. Certifique-se de prestar atenção aos rótulos dos alimentos. Toda vez que você vai ao supermercado, todo vez que você compra um item embalado de comida, não há vai estar do lado ou em algum lugar do empacotar um rótulo que informa os componentes; que... Quantos... Quantos carboidratos você está recebendo, em gramas; quantas proteínas; quantos... Quais vitaminas, quais minerais - tudo isso coisa. Então, certifique-se de prestar atenção ao rótulo; Ele também irá dizer-lhe quantas calorias você English: have in that food item. So, make sure you understand that and you can control your calorie intake. Now, keep in mind some people have faster metabolisms than other people. The "metabolism" is the rate in which you burn energy. Okay? So, if you're taking in all these calories, for some people, they will burn it very fast, so the calories don't stay in the body; they are not stored in the fat. Right? Remember: Fat stores energy. If you have a high rate of metabolism, you're going to burn that energy fat; there's nothing to store - you probably need more food. If you have a slow metabolism, you're going to store more, so you have to control, very carefully, what you eat. Don't forget to exercise; it is important, but also diet is very important. Be careful how much sodium. Now, on these labels... On these food labels, you'll see how much sodium is in your food. "Sodium" is basically salt. Portuguese: tem nesse item alimentar. Então, certifique-se de entender isso e você pode controlar sua ingestão de calorias. Agora, tenha em mente que algumas pessoas têm mais rápido metabolismos do que outras pessoas. O "metabolismo" é a taxa em que você queimar energia. OK? Então, se você está tomando todas essas calorias, para algumas pessoas, elas vão queimar muito rápido, então as calorias não ficam no corpo; eles não são armazenados na gordura. Certo? Lembre-se: a gordura armazena energia. Se você tem uma alta taxa de metabolismo, você está vai queimar essa gordura energética; não há nada para armazenar - você provavelmente precisa de mais comida. Se você tem um metabolismo lento, você vai para armazenar mais, então você tem que controlar, muito com cuidado, o que você come. Não esqueça de se exercitar; é importante, mas também a dieta é muito importante. Cuidado com o quanto de sódio. Agora, nessas etiquetas ... Nestes rótulos de alimentos, você verá o quanto o sódio está na sua comida. "Sódio" é basicamente sal. Portuguese: OK? Eles não gostam de escrever "sal", porque então as pessoas ficam com medo quando veem: "Oh meu deus, 40% da minha ingestão diária está neste pacote. " Então, você verá "% de consumo diário", basicamente: quanto você deve tomar em cada dia? E se o seu pacote tem 40%, não compre este item. Não coma isso. É muito ruim para você. OK? Evite isso. Agora, outro problema com sal é que retém agua. Quanto mais sal que você come, mais água você o corpo se agarra; e então quando você chegar uma escala, os números aumentam. Então, coma menos sal e seus números serão Volte um pouco para baixo. Certifique-se de comer muita fibra. Agora, fibras, coisas como aipo ou farelo, certas grãos, o que eles ... O que eles... O que a fibra faz é ajudar a passagem de comida através do seu corpo mais rápido, então você vai para o English: Okay? They don't like to write "salt", because then people get scared when they see: "Oh my god, 40% of my daily intake is in this one package." So, on these you'll see "% daily intake", basically: How much should you take in every day? And if your package has 40%, don't buy this item. Don't eat it. It's very bad for you. Okay? Avoid it. Now, another problem with salt is that retains water. The more salt you eat, the more water your body holds onto; and then when you get on a scale, the numbers go up. So, just eat less salt and your numbers will go back down a little bit. Make sure you eat a lot of fiber. Now, fiber, things like celery, or bran, certain grains, what they... What they... What the fiber does is it helps the food pass through your body quicker, so you go to the Portuguese: banheiro mais regularmente; você não armazena coisas dentro de mais do que você precisa. Certifique-se de beber muito, muito, muito agua. A grande maioria do nosso corpo é feito de água. Nosso corpo sempre precisa de água no interior; agua ajuda com a digestão, com o metabolismo, com tudo. Certifique-se de beber muita água; de outra forma, você também pode desidratar. Se você desidratar, isso significa que seu corpo não tem bastante água; às vezes você vai ter um dor de cabeça, às vezes você vai ficar tonto e se sentir como desmaiar, você não terá energia suficiente você vai se sentir lento e cansado - tenha cuidado sobre isso. E sempre certifique-se de dar seu corpo o resto que precisa. Se você vai para a academia e está levantando pesos, Certifique-se de que você dá a sua recuperação do corpo Tempo. Se você está quebrando os músculos e rasgando o tecido porque você está levantando pesos, deixe o corpo consertar os músculos, consertar os tecidos para que você sempre tem energia suficiente e força suficiente para continuar. Agora, antes de tudo, antes de eu ... English: washroom more regularly; you don't store things inside longer than you need to. Make sure you drink a lot, a lot, a lot of water. A large majority of our body is made of water. Our body always needs water inside; water helps with the digestion, with the metabolism, with everything. Make sure you drink a lot of water; otherwise, you might also dehydrate. If you dehydrate, it means your body doesn't have enough water; sometimes you'll get a headache, sometimes you'll get dizzy and feel like passing out, you won't have enough energy, you'll feel sluggish and tired - be careful about that. And always make sure that you give your body the rest that it needs. If you go to the gym and you're lifting weights, make sure that you give your body recovery time. If you're breaking muscles and tearing tissue because you're lifting weights, let the body fix the muscles, fix the tissues so you always have enough energy and have enough strength to continue on. Now, first of all, before I... English: I finish this off, let me just say one thing. I am not a licensed nutritionist. Okay? I am giving you an introduction to nutrition, I'm giving you an introduction to the language, the English language of nutrition, but if this is very important to you, and it should be-I want everyone to be healthy, energetic, happy-make sure that you find out about all these things. Make sure you know what your body needs, what your body doesn't need. Maybe make an appointment with a nutritionist, so a person who's studied all of this stuff and who knows exactly what's going on, and can recommend a set diet for you that you can follow. Now, if you want to gain weight, go for it; if you want to lose weight, go for it, too. If you want to gain weight: Lots of carbs, lots of proteins. If you want to lose weight: Less carbs, less proteins; although, proteins you should always have a certain minimum anyway. So, I hope this is helpful. Keep up the hard work. Portuguese: Eu termino isso, deixe-me dizer uma coisa. Eu não sou uma nutricionista licenciada. OK? Eu estou te dando uma introdução à nutrição, Eu estou te dando uma introdução ao idioma, a língua inglesa da nutrição, mas se isso é muito importante para você, e deveria Eu quero que todos sejam saudáveis, cheios de energia, feliz, certifique-se de que você descubra tudo essas coisas. Certifique-se de saber o que seu corpo precisa, o que seu corpo não precisa. Talvez marcar uma consulta com uma nutricionista, então uma pessoa que estudou tudo isso e quem sabe exatamente o que está acontecendo, e pode recomendar uma dieta definida para você que você Pode seguir. Agora, se você quiser ganhar peso, vá em frente; Se você quer perder peso, vá em frente também. Se você quer ganhar peso: muitos carboidratos, muitas proteínas. Se você quer perder peso: menos carboidratos, menos proteínas; embora, proteínas você deve sempre tem um certo mínimo de qualquer maneira. Então, espero que isso seja útil. Mantenha o trabalho duro. Portuguese: Quer dizer, eu vou ao ginásio o tempo todo. Eu vejo o que eu como agora. Você sabe, à medida que envelhece, você precisa fazer essas coisas. É bom para você. Faça. Você ficará feliz por estar fazendo isso. Se você tiver alguma dúvida sobre isso, por favor vá para www.engvid.com e me pergunte no fórum lá. Há também um teste; você pode checar sua compreensão da linguagem envolvida com nutrição. Se você gostou desse vídeo, goste dele no YouTube e se inscreva no meu canal e volte em breve para algumas lições mais interessantes. Vejo você então. English: I mean, I go to the gym all the time. I watch what I eat now. You know, as you get older, you need to do these things. It's good for you. Do it. You'll be happy you're doing it. If you have any questions about this, please go to www.engvid.com and ask me in the forum there. There's also a quiz; you can check your understanding of the language involved with nutrition. If you like this video, like it on YouTube and subscribe to my channel, and come back soon for some more interesting lessons. See you then.

>> Sreenivasan: NASA ASTRONAUTS ROBERT BEHNKEN AND DOUGLAS HURLEY ARE PREPARING TO BEGIN THEIR RETURN TO EARTH FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION THIS EVENING. THEIR HISTORIC MISSION ABOARD THE SPACE-X CREW "DRAGON" CAPSULE WILL MARK THE FIRST MANNED LAUNCH AND RETURN OF A COMMERCIALLY BUILT AND OPERATED AMERICAN SPACECRAFT. THE "DRAGON ENDEAVOR" HAS BEEN DOCKED AT THE SPACE STATION SINCE MAY, AND IS EXPECTED TO SPLASH DOWN TOMORROW AFTERNOON. I SPOKE WITH DAVE MOSHER, SENIOR SPACE CORRESPONDENT WITH "BUSINESS INSIDER," ABOUT THE ASTRONAUTS' SCHEDULED TRIP BACK HOME. DAVE, THERE WAS A LOT OF EXCITEMENT WHEN THE "DRAGON" CAPSULE FROM SPACE-X TOOK U.S. ASTRONAUTS UP INTO SPACE. AND THERE'S A LITTLE EXCITEMENT ON THE WAY DOWN, BECAUSE THESE CAPSULES ARE SUPPOSED TO SPLASH DOWN IN THE WATER LIKE BACK IN THE OLD DAYS. WHAT'S IT GOING TO LOOK LIKE WHEN THIS CAPSULE RE-ENTERS EARTH? >> WELL, WHAT WE'RE FIRST GOING TO SEE IS AN UNDOCKING PROCEDURE, WHICH IS THIS-- THE CREW "DRAGON" SPACESHIP MOVING AWAY FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. AND THEN, THAT STARTS A JOURNEY OF ANYWHERE FROM SIX TO 30 HOURS BEFORE THEY ACTUALLY LAND BACK ON EARTH. WE'RE NOT GOING TO SEE A LOT OF THOSE STAGES AFTER THEY LEAVE THE SPACE STATION JUST BECAUSE THEY'RE IN SPACE. BUT, WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN IS THE SPACESHIP IS GOING TO GET RID OF THIS TRUNK, THIS CYLINDRICAL THING FULL OF THE SOLAR PANELS AND THE FUEL AND ALL THE STUFF, AND THEN IT'S GOING TO START ENTERING THE ATMOSPHERE. AND SHORTLY AFTER THAT, WE'RE GOING TO START GETTING TELESCOPIC VIEWS OF THE CREW "DRAGON" COMING BACK. IT'S GOING TO LOOK LIKE A RED-HOT KIND OF WHITE DOT IN THE SKY. AND NASA IS GOING TO TRY TO FOLLOW THIS ALL THE WAY TO THE GROUND. THEY'RE GOING TO DEPLOY THE PARACHUTES. WE'RE GOING TO SEE THOSE PARACHUTES COME OUT, FROM GROUND CAMERAS, CAMERAS ON BOATS AND IN AIRPLANES. AND WE'RE GOING TO SEE THE SPLASHDOWN IN THE OCEAN AND WE'RE GOING TO SEE A BUNCH OF BOATS DIVERGING ON THAT-- THAT CAPSULE, TO GET THOSE ASTRONAUTS OUT OF THERE BEFORE THEY PUKE THEIR GUTS OUT, AND GET THEM BACK TO THE RECOVERY BOAT, GET THEM ALL CHECKED OUT BY SOME DOCTORS, AND WE'RE GOING TO SEE A LOT OF THAT FOOTAGE. AND THEN WE'RE GOING TO SEE THEM WHISKED AWAY TO LAND VIA HELICOPTER FROM THAT RECOVERY BOAT. >> Sreenivasan: SO THERE IS A LITTLE CONCERN NOW-- FLORIDA IS BRACING FOR HURRICANE ISAIAS. WHAT DOES THAT DO TO THE WEATHER AND THE CONDITIONS AND WHERE THE ASTRONAUTS CAN LAND? >> YEAH, THIS IS A PRETTY STUNNING MOMENT TO TRY TO PERFORM A HIGHLY IMPORTANT, EXPERIMENTAL TEST MISSION IN WHICH YOU'RE PROVING THAT A BRAND-NEW SPACESHIP CAN SAFELY RETURN PEOPLE TO EARTH, LIKE TAKE THEM UP TO SPACE AND TAKE THEM BACK TO EARTH. THIS HURRICANE IS GENERATING SOME EXTREMELY STRONG WINDS, LIGHTNING, WEATHER, CLOUDS, ALL THE STUFF YOU DON'T WANT. BUT RIGHT NOW, THEY HAVE SEVERAL-- AS NASA SAYS, OUT OF THESE SEVEN LANDING SITES, THREE ARE ON THE ATLANTIC SIDE AND FOUR ON THE GULF COAST SIDE, FOR THIS CAPSULE TO SPLASH DOWN. RIGHT NOW, HURRICANE ISAIAS IS KIND OF LOOKING TO GO STRAIGHT UP THE ATLANTIC SIDE OF FLORIDA. SO WE'RE LOOKING AT A POSSIBLE LANDING IN THE GULF OF MEXICO AT THIS POINT. >> Sreenivasan: SO, HOW PRECISE CAN THEY GET ON EXACTLY WHERE THEY WANT TO LAND? AND THEN, HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO GET FROM SPACE TO THAT SPOT? >> SO THE PRECISION OF THE LANDING OF THIS CAPSULE IS REALLY GOOD. WE SAW THAT WITH THE "DEMONSTRATION ONE," OR "DEMO ONE" MISSION. THEY BASICALLY PUT IT DOWN RIGHT WHERE THE BOAT WAS-- THE RECOVERY BOAT WAS AT. IT JUST IS ASTONISHING WHAT A BUNCH OF ENGINEERS AND AEROSPACE SCIENTISTS CAN-- CAN FIGURE OUT, IN TERMS OF THE PHYSICS AND LIKE, THE WIND CONDITIONS. THEY CAN REALLY NAIL THE LANDING AND PULL THE BOAT RIGHT UP TO WHERE THE CAPSULE'S GOING TO BE. WHICH IS A GOOD THING IF YOU'RE COMING BACK-- YOU DON'T WANT TO BE IN THAT CAPSULE FOR TOO LONG BECAUSE YOU'RE GOING TO REALLY SEASICK, GOING UP AND DOWN ON THE WAVES. >> Sreenivasan: SO WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO SEE THIS? IF THEY KNOW EXACTLY WHERE IT'S GOING TO LAND, ARE WE GOING TO SEE THE CAPSULE WITH THE PARACHUTES COMING DOWN AND SPLASHING DOWN IN THE WATER? >> NASA IS SCRAMBLING BASICALLY ALL RESOURCES THAT IT CAN. IT'S EVEN CALLED ON THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TO HAVE EMERGENCY RECOVERY VESSELS AVAILABLE. THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE PLANES IN THE SKY, BOATS IN THE WATER, YOU KNOW, TELESCOPES EVEN, TO LOOK FOR THIS CAPSULE AS IT COMES THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE. AND IT'S NOT JUST FOR OUR VIEWING PLEASURE HERE. THEY ARE TRYING TO GET AS MUCH DATA AS THEY CAN ABOUT THIS RETURN, BECAUSE THE GOAL OF THIS MISSION, THE "DEMONSTRATION 2" OR "DEMO 2" MISSION, IS TO SHOW THAT THIS CAPSULE IS SAFE TO TAKE PEOPLE TO AND FROM SPACE. NOT JUST ANY PEOPLE, BUT CIVILIANS. TOM CRUISE WANTS TO GO UP IN THIS WITH HIS DIRECTOR-- THIS SPACE CAPSULE, THE CREW "DRAGON"-- AND FILM A MOVIE AT THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. SO THEY'VE GOT TO SHOW THAT THIS IS REALLY SAFE, AND PART OF THAT IS COLLECTING AS MUCH DATA AS THEY CAN. SO THEY'RE GOING TO BE RECORDING THIS OUT THE WAZOO. AND WE'RE GOING TO BE TAKING A REALLY NICE BACKSEAT ARMCHAIR LOOK AT THIS, BECAUSE THEY'RE GOING TO STREAM A LOT OF THAT FOOTAGE DIRECTLY TO NASA TV. >> Sreenivasan: DAVE MOSHER, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US. >> MY PLEASURE. THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

This is so embarrassing lmaooo... pregnancy brain is still a thing after birth

Thank you Ms. Scott Cato. There is a blue card request from Mr Rowland. Will you accept? Yes Mr. Rowland you have the floor Thank you very much I'd just like to ask Ms. Scott Cato what empirical proof she has that the end of the transition period, when we will be leaving the European Union, hopefully on a Canada-plus style trade deal, will result in a cliff edge? When, as far as I am aware, she does not have any degree in economics or maybe she has some business experience that will give some empirical proof that that will be the case. So I was wondering whether you could answer that question why you are so certain that the United Kingdom will suffer as a result? Obviously you haven't been paying much attention to my C.V because I was and I remain a professor of economics. I also have expertise in trade policy and have been studying the trade negotiations from the beginning. I rely on the expertise of other trade experts, all of whom have said it takes much longer than the time available to negotiate a treaty and the likelihood is if we go ahead with Boris Johnson's deal, we will end up in exactly the same crisis facing a no deal Brexit at the end of 2020. I think Mr. Rowland stands corrected.

Spanish: Vamos a repasar un poco de lo que habíamos aprendido muchos, muchos hace acerca de la energía potencial gravitatoria y, a continuación, ver videos Si podemos sacar la analogía, que es realmente muy fuerte, la energía potencial eléctrica. Así que lo que sabemos sobre ¿energía potencial gravitatoria? Si dijimos que se trataba de la superficie de la tierra--nos no tiene que ser en la tierra, pero facilita la visualización. Podríamos estar en cualquier lugar que tenga la gravedad y el potencial energía sería debido al campo gravitatorio de particular en masa, pero digamos que esta es la superficie de la tierra. Aprendimos si tenemos alguna masa m aquí y el campo gravitacional en este área--o al menos la aceleración gravitacional--es g o 9,8 metros por segundo cuadrado, y es h--nosotros podríamos decir, supongo, medidores, pero podríamos utilizar las unidades. Digamos que es h metros del suelo, que la energía potencial gravitatoria de este objeto en ese momento English: Let's review a little bit of what we had learned many, many videos ago about gravitational potential energy and then see if we can draw the analogy, which is actually very strong, to electrical potential energy. So what do we know about gravitational potential energy? If we said this was the surface of the Earth-- we don't have to be on Earth, but it makes visualization easy. We could be anywhere that has gravity, and the potential energy would be due to the gravitational field of that particular mass, but let's say this is the surface of the Earth. We learned that if we have some mass m up here and that the gravitational field at this area-- or at least the gravitational acceleration-- is g, or 9.8 meters per second squared, and it is h-- we could say, I guess, meters, but we could use any units. Let's say it is h meters above the ground, that the gravitational potential energy of this object at that point Portuguese: ... Vamos rever um pouco do que tinhamos aprendido muitos, muitos videos atrás sobre energia potencial gravitacional e ver então se podemos desenhar a analogia, que é na verdade muito forte, para energia potencial elétrica. E oque sabemos de fato sobre energia potencial gravitacional? se disséssemos que esta é a superfície da Terra, não temos que estar na Terra, mas torna fácil a visualização. Poderiamos ir à qualquer lugar que tem gravidade, e a energia potencial seria devido ao campo gravitacional dessa massa específica, mas vamos dizer que esta é a superfície da Terra. Aprendemos que se temos alguma massa "m" aqui em cima e que o campo gravitacional nesta área -- ou pelo menos a aceleração gravitacional -- é "g", ou 9,8 metros por segundo ao quadrado, e ela está em "h" -- acho que podemos dizer metros, mas nós poderiamos usar qualquer unidade. Vamos dizer que ela esteja à "h" metros acima do chão, que a energia potencial gravitacional desse objeto nesse ponto Chinese: 我們複習一下在很多很多個影片之前 學過的重力勢能 然後看一下能不能類比一下 實際上它和電勢能非常接近 所以對於重力勢能 我們知道什麽？ 如果我們說 這是地表 不一定在地球上 但是這樣更形象化 可以在有重力的任何地方 重力勢能 是由特定質量的重力場引起的 但是我們設在地表 我們學過 如果一個物體的質量是m 這個區域的重力場 或者至少重力加速度 是g 或者是9.8m/s^2 這是h 我可以說 我猜 單位是米 但是我們可以用任何單位 我們設到地面的距離是h 這個物體在這一點的重力勢能 Bulgarian: Нека си припомним нещо, което научихме преди много, много клипове за гравитационната потенциална енергия, и да видим дали ще успеем да направим една много силна аналогия с електрическата потенциална енергия. Какво знаем за гравитационната потенциална енергия? Ако кажем, че това е повърхността на Земята. Не е задължително да сме на Земята, но това ни помага с визуализацията. Може да сме където и да е, стига да има гравитация и потенциалната енергия ще се дължи на гравитационното поле на тази маса, но нека кажем, че това е именно повърхността на Земята. Учили сме, че ако имаме маса [m] тук горе, гравитационното поле в тази област – или поне гравитационното ускорение е g или 9,8 метра в секунда на квадрат; и това са h – да кажем, метра, но можем да използваме и други единици. Да кажем, че това е на [h] метра над земята. Czech: Zopakujme si trošku, co jsme se naučili před mnoha videolekcemi o gravitační potenciální energii a potom uvidíme, zda najdeme podobnost, která je vlastně hodně velká, s elektrickou potenciální energií. Co víme o gravitační potenciální energii? Pokud bychom řekli, že toto je povrch Země... Nemusíme být na Zemi, ale představu to zjednoduší. Mohli bychom být kdekoliv, kde je gravitace a kde existuje potenciální energie díky gravitačnímu poli té konkrétní hmoty, ale řekněme, že toto je povrch Země. Učili jsme se, že máme-li hmotnost „m“ tady nahoře a že gravitační pole v této oblasti – nebo alespoň tíhové zrychlení – je „g“, 9,8 metrů za sekundu na druhou, a toto je „h“, mohli bychom říct asi v metrech, ale mohli bychom použít jakékoli jednotky. Řekněme, že h je v metrech nad zemí, že gravitační potenciální energie tohoto objektu v tomto místě iw: בואו נעשה חזרה על מה שלמדנו לפני הרבה זמן, בסירטונים על אנרגיה פוטנצילית כובדית. לאחר מכן, ננסה להבחין את האנלוגיה החזקה הקיימת עם האנרגיה הפוטנצילית החשמלית. מה אנו יודעים על אנרגיה פוטנצילית כובדית? נניח שאלה פני כדור הארץ - זה לא חייב כדור הארץ, אך נראה לי שזה מקל על ההבנה. אפשר לדבר על כל מקום בו יש גרביטציה, והאנרגיה הפוטנצילית קיימת הודות לשדה הגרביטציה של המסה הנתונה, אך אנו נדבר על פני כדור הארץ. למדנו שאם יש לנו איזושהי מסה m, כאן למעלה, ושהשדה הגרביטציוני בשטח הזה - או לפחות תאוצת הכובד, היא g, או 9.8 מטר לשנייה בריבוע, וזה h מטרים - אפשר להשתמש ביחידות כלשהן. נגיד שזה h מטרים מעל הקרקע, אז האנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית של הגוף הזה, בנקודה הזאת, Thai: ลองทบทวนสิ่งที่เราเรียนไป หลายวิดีโอก่อนมาก เรื่องพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง แล้วดูว่า เราจะหาความคล้ายคลึง ซึ่งเหมือนกันมาก กับพลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้าได้ไหม เรารู้อะไรบ้างเกี่ยวกับ พลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง? ถ้าเราบอกว่านี่คือผิวโลก -- เรา ไม่ต้องมีโลกก็ได้ แต่มันทำให้มองภาพง่ายขึ้น เราอยู่ที่ไหนก็ได้ที่มีความโน้มถ่วง และพลังงาน ศักย์เนื่องจากสนามโน้มถ่วงของ มวลนั้น สมมุติว่านี่คือ ผิวโลกนะ เราเรียนไปว่าถ้าเรามีมวล m บนนี้และ สนามโน้มถ่วงที่พื้นที่นี้ -- หรือ ความเร่งโน้มถ่วง -- คือ g หรือ 9.8 เมตรต่อวินาที กำลังสอง และมันคือ h -- เราบอกว่าเป็นเมตรก็ได้ แต่เราใช้หน่วยอะไรก็ได้ สมมุติว่ามันคือ h เมตรเหนือพื้น พลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วงของวัตถุนีที่จุดนั้น Chinese: 我们复习一下在很多很多个视频之前 学过的重力势能 然后看一下能不能类比一下 实际上它和电势能非常接近 所以对于重力势能 我们知道什么？ 如果我们说 这是地球表面 不一定在地球上 但是这样更形象化 可以在有重力的任何地方 重力势能 是由特定质量的重力场引起的 但是我们设在地球表面 我们学过 如果一个物体的质量是m 这个区域的重力场 或者至少重力加速度 是g 或者是9.8m/s^2 这是h 我可以说 我猜 单位是米 但是我们可以用任何单位 我们设到地面的距离是h 这个物体在这一点的重力势能 Korean: 여러 영상 전에서 배웠던 중력 퍼텐셜에너지에 대하여 복습하고 전기에 비해 굉장히 센 이 중력 퍼텐셜에너지를 그림으로 간략하게 나타내어 보도록 하겠습니다 자 우리가 중력 퍼텐셜에너지에 대하여 알고 있는 것이 무엇이 있을까요? 굳이 지구일 필요는 없지만 보기 쉬우니 지구의 표면이라고 할 것입니다 어디든 중력이 있는 곳이라면 퍼텐셜에너지는 특정 질량에 대한 중력장에 의한 것이 될것입니다 어쨌든 이곳은 지구의 표면입니다 저번에 배운 것입니다 질량 m을 가진 물체가 있다면 이 공간에 중력장 혹은 g라고 나타내는 중력 가속도가 존재한다는 것입니다 그리고 높이는 h가 되겠습니다 단위는 미터라고 합시다 물체가 지면으로부터 h 미터만큼 떠있습니다 이때 물체가 가지는 중력 퍼텐셜에너지는 French: Revoyons un peu ce que nous avons appris plusieurs vidéos plus tôt sur l'énergie potentielle de gravitation et voyons si nous pouvons trouver l'analogie avec l'énergie potentielle électrique. Que savons nous sur l'énergie potentielle de gravitation ? Si on disait que ceci serait la surface de la terre-- ça n'est pas obligé, mais la visualisation sera plus facile. Nous pourrions être n'importe ou, ou il y a de la gravité, et l'énergie potentielle sera due au champ gravitationnel créé par cette masse particulière. disons qu'il s'agit de la surface de la Terre. Nous avons appris que que s'il y a une certaine masse m, ici, et que le champ gravitationnel dans cette zone-- du moins l'accélération gravitationnelle-- est g, soit 9,8 mètres par seconde au carré. , et il y a la hauteur h-- qui serait en mètres, mais on pourrait utiliser n'importe quelle unité. Disons qu'il y a h mètres au dessus du sol, et que l'énergie potentielle de gravitation de cet objet en ce point Turkish: Öncelikle gravitasyonal potansiyel enerji konusunu kısaca hatırlayalım. Daha sonra benzerlik yoluyla elektriksel potansiyel enerjiye geçelim. Gravitasyonal potansiyel enerji hakkında ne biliyoruz? - Dünyanın yüzeyinde bir cisim düşünelim. Bu dünya olmak zorunda değil Çekim alanı olan herhangi bir yer olabilir. - - Burası dünyanın yüzeyi olsun. Eğer yüzeyden biraz yüksekte bir m kütlesi varsa m'in g=9.8m/s^2 lik bir ivmeye sahip olduğunu biliyoruz. - - - m'in dünya yüzeyinden h kadar yukarıda olduğunu kabul edelim. Öyleyse m'in gravitasyonal potansiyel enerjisi: Czech: se rovná hmotnosti krát tíhové zrychlení krát výška, nebo si to můžete představit jako gravitační sílu, velikost této gravitační síly. – vy víte, že je to vektor, ale můžeme říct velikost vektoru – krát výška. A jaká je potenciální energie? Víme, že pokud máme potenciální energii, neexistuje žádná překážka a necháme tomu volný průběh, tak díky této energii, nebo alespoň gravitační potenciální energii, se daný předmět začne pohybovat se zrychlením dolů a velká část této potenciální energie, nakonec celá, bude přeměněna v kinetickou energii. Takže potenciální energie je energie uchovaná v poloze předmětu nebo je to druh tušené energie, kterou předmět má podle toho, kde se nachází. Aby předmět takovou energii měl, musí nějakou energii dodat. A jak jsme se naučili u gravitační potenciální energie, Korean: 질량과 중력 가속도 그리고 높이를 곱한 값과 같습니다 아니면 이게 힘이라고 볼 수 있습니다 중력에 의한 힘의 크기 말이죠 이건 벡터지만 벡터의 크기와 높이를 곱한 값이라고 할 수 있습니다 퍼텐셜 에너지란 무엇일까요 어떤 물체가 퍼텐셜에너지를 가지고 물체를 방해하는 것이 없다면 에너지 이 경우엔 중력이겠죠 에너지로 인해 아래로 가속운동을 하게 될것입니다 많은 퍼텐셜에너지가 결국엔 모든 퍼텐셜 에너지가 운동 에너지로 전환이 될 것입니다 따라서 퍼텐셜에너지는 물체의 상황에 의하여 저장되는 다시 말해서 물체의 위치에 따라서 결정되는 추상적인 에너지라고 할 수 있습니다 어떤 물체가 이 추상적인 에너지를 갖기 위해선 어떠한 에너지가 이미 이 물체에 가해졌어야 합니다 중력 퍼텐셜에너지를 할 때에 배웠듯이 여러분은 중력 퍼텐셜에너지를 Thai: เท่ากับมวลคูณความเร่งของความโน้มถ่วงคูณ ความสูง หรือคุณมองมันเป็นแรงโน้มถ่วง ขนาดของแรงโน้มถ่วงก็ได้ คุณก็รู้ มันเป็นเวกเตอร์ แต่เราบอกได้ว่าคือขนาดของ เวกเตอร์คูณความสูง แล้วพลังงานศักย์คืออะไร? เรารู้ว่าถ้าของบางอย่างมีพลังงานศักย์ และไม่มีอะไรหยุดมัน และเราปล่อยมันไป พลังงานนั้น ด้วยพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง วัตถุจะเริ่มเร่งลง และ พลังงานศักย์จำนวนมาก สุดท้ายคือทั้งหมด จะกลายเป็นพลังงานจลน์ พลังงานศักย์คือพลังงานที่เก็บไว้ ในสถานะของวัตถุ หรือพลังงานเชิงตำแหน่ง ว่าวัตถุอยู่ที่ไหน เพื่อให้ของสักอย่างมีพลังงานตามนั้น เราต้องใส่พลังงานเพื่อนำมันไปไว้ตรงนั้น อย่างที่เราเรียนเรื่องพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง คุณมองพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง French: est égale à la masse multipliée par l'accélération gravitationnelle multipliée par la hauteur, ou bien on pourrait le voir comme la force de gravité, la magnitude de la force de gravitation. vous le savez, c'est un vecteur, mais on peut dire que c'est la magnitude du vecteur multiplié par la hauteur Et donc, qu'est-ce que l'énergie potentielle ? Bien, nous savons que si quelque chose a de l'énergie potentielle, et si rien n'est là pour l'arrêter, l'objet va commencer à accélérer vers le bas. l'objet va commencer à accélérer vers le bas. cette énergie "potentielle", et à la fin sa totalité, va être convertie en énergie cinétique. Donc, l'énergie potentielle est de l'énergie qui est stockée par la condition physique d'un objet, sa position par exemple. Mais pour qu'un objet acquière cette énergie potentielle, de l'énergie a dû être mise dedans. Et comme on l'a appris, On peut voir l'énergie potentielle de gravitation, Portuguese: é igual à massa vezes a aceleração da gravidade vezes a altura, ou você poderia ver-lo como a força peso, ou o módulo da força peso. Você sabe, é um vetor, mas podemos dizer o 'módulo do vetor vezes a altura'. E então, qual é a energia potencial? Bem, sabemos que se alguma coisa tem energial potencial e se nada está segurando-a e simplesmente soltamos, essa energia, pelo menos energia potencial gravitacional, vai fazer o objeto começar a acelerar para baixo, e muita dessa energia potencial, e eventualmente toda ela, será convertida em energia cinética. Então a energia potencial é a energial que está sendo armazenada pela situação de um objeto, e esta é a energia teórica que um objeto tem, por virtude de está onde ele está. Então para que algo tenha essa energia teórica, alguma energia deve ter sido cologada nele. E como aprendemos com energia potencial gravitacional, você poderia ver energia potencial gravitacional Bulgarian: Гравитационната потенциалната енергия на този предмет в тази точка е равна на масата по ускорението на гравитацията, по височината (или можем да кажем също по големината на силата на гравитацията. Това е вектор, но можем да кажем, дължината на вектора по височината. Тогава каква е потенциалната енергия? Знам, че ако нещо има потенциална енергия и нищо не го спира, и ако го пуснем, то тази енергия, поне с потенциалната гравитационна енергия, предметът ще започне да се ускорява надолу и много от тази потенциална енергия, накрая и цялата, ще се превърне в кинетична енергия. Потенциалната енергия е енергия, която се съхранява предмета, намиращ се в дадена позиция, или е един вид въображаема енергия, която един предмет има поради това къде се намира. За да може нещо да притежава тази енергия, някаква енергия трябва да е сложена вътре в него. И както научихме за гравитационната потенциалната енергия, тя може да се разглежда като работата, iw: שווה למסה, כפול תאוצת הכובד, כפול הגובה. אפשר לראות את זה ככוח הכובד, הגודל של כוח הכובד. זה וקטור, אך אפשר לדבר על גודל הווקטור כפול הגובה. מהי האנרגיה הפוטנצילית? אנו יודעים שאם למשהו יש אנרגיה פוטנצילית, ואם אף אחד לא מחזיק אותו ונותנים לו לנוע, עם האנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית הזאת, הגוף יתחיל להאיץ כלפי מטה, וכל האנרגיה הפוטנצילית תהפוך לאנרגיה קינטית. אנרגיה פוטנצילית היא אנרגיה האגורה בגוף הנמצא במצב מסוים, או האנרגיה שיש לגוף הודות למקום בו הוא נמצא. כדי שלמשהו תהיה האנרגיה הזאת, מישהו (או משהו) היה צריך לספק לו את האנרגיה. כשלמדנו על אנרגיה פוטנצילית כובדית, ראינו שאפשר להסתכל על האנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית English: is equal to the mass times the acceleration of gravity times the height, or you could view it as the force of gravity, the magnitude of the force of gravity. You know, it's a vector, but we can say the magnitude of the vector times height. And so what is potential energy? Well, we know that if something has potential energy and if nothing is stopping it and we just let go, that energy, at least with gravitational potential energy, the object will start accelerating downwards, and a lot of that potential energy, and eventually all of it, will be converted to kinetic energy. So potential energy is energy that is being stored by an object's situation or kind of this notional energy that an object has by virtue of where it is. So in order for something to have this notional energy, some energy must have been put into it. And as we learned with gravitational potential energy, you could view gravitational potential energy Chinese: 等於質量 乘以重力加速度乘以高度 或者你們可以把這看做重力 重力的大小 你們知道 這是個向量 但是我們可以說向量的大小乘以高度 所以重力勢能是多少？ 我們知道 如果一個物體有重力勢能 如果沒有什麽擋住它 然後讓它下落 能量 至少是重力勢能 這個物體就會開始加速下落 很多重力勢能 最後所有的重力勢能都會轉化成動能 所以重力勢能是 一種通過物體的位置存儲的能量 或者是一種 根據物體在哪的抽象能量 所以爲了讓一個物體有這種抽象的能量 必須在它裏面放上某種能量 當我們學習重力勢能 你們可以把重力勢能看做 Turkish: PE=mgh olur. Gravitasyonal kuvvetin büyüklüğü ise F=mg dir. aslında F bir vektördür çünkü g bir vektör. Potansiyel enerjiyi hesaplarken F' in büyüklüğünü aldık çünkü mgh skalar bir büyüklüktür,potansiyel enerjinin yönü yoktur. Öyleyse potansiyel enerji ne olur? Eğer cisim potansiyel enerjiye sahip ve önünde bir engel yoksa Gravitasyonal alanın etkisi altında aşağı doğru ivmelenmeye başlar. Potansiyel enerji kinetik enerjiye dönüşür. - Öyleyse potansiyel enerji cismin konumundan dolayı sahip olduğu enerjidir. - Cismin enerjiye sahip olması için dışarıdan enerji verilmiş olması lazımdır. - Bu enerji cismin üzerinde iş yapılarak cisme kazandırılır. Chinese: 等于质量 乘以重力加速度乘以高度 或者你们可以把这看做重力 重力的大小 你们知道 这是个矢量 但是我们可以说矢量的大小乘以高度 所以重力势能是多少？ 我们知道 如果一个物体有重力势能 如果没有什么挡住它 然后让它下落 能量 至少是重力势能 这个物体就会开始加速下落 很多重力势能 最后所有的重力势能都会转化成动能 所以重力势能是 一种通过物体的位置存储的能量 或者是一种 根据物体在哪的抽象能量 所以为了让一个物体有这种抽象的能量 必须在它里面放上某种能量 当我们学习重力势能 你们可以把重力势能看做 Spanish: es igual a las masas veces los tiempos de aceleración de la gravedad la altura, o usted podría ver como la fuerza de gravedad, la magnitud de la fuerza de gravedad. Sabes, es un vector, pero podemos decir la magnitud de el vector de tiempos de altura. Y ¿qué es energía potencial? Ahora bien, sabemos si algo tiene energía potencial y si nada está deteniendo y acabamos let go, energía, por lo menos con potencial gravitatorio energía, el objeto comenzará a acelerar hacia abajo y un mucha de esa energía potencial y eventualmente, de voluntad se convierte en energía cinética. Así que la energía potencial es la energía que se almacena por un situación o tipo de esta energía teórico del objeto que un objeto tiene en virtud de que es. En orden para algo que esta energía nocional, parte de la energía debe han puesto en él. Y como hemos aprendido con potencial gravitatorio energía, podría ver la energía potencial gravitatoria Chinese: 移動物體到這個位置所必須的功 現在 如果我們討論一下 把一個物體放到這個位置的功 或別的 我們總要想一下 從哪裏開始移動 當我們說到重力勢能 就是討論從 地表移動 對吧？ 所以移動同樣質量 要做多少功 我們設剛開始在這裡 從高度是0移動到高度是h 總時間 地面 或者重力 就是Fg 對吧？ 所以實際上 如果我向上推或者拉 我要 我們設以均勻的速度 我要用一個和它的重力等大反向的力 來向上拉 要不它就會向下加速 我要用大一點力來讓它移動 不管讓它加速多少 但是一旦它開始加速 實際上我應該用向上的力 Korean: 물체를 그 위치로 옮기기 위한 일이라고 볼 수 있습니다 자 이제 우리가 어떤 물체를 특정 위치로 옮기는 것에 대하여 말하고 있다면 어디서 부터 옮길 것인지 생각해보아야 합니다 우리가 중력 퍼텐셜에너지에 대하여 말할때 물체를 지구의 표면에서부터 움직이는 것에 대하여 말하고 있는 것입니다 특정 질량을 움직이기 위한 일 그러니까 높이가 0인 곳부터 움직일 때에 즉 h가 0일 때부터 움직이기 위한 일이 얼마일까요? 지구의 중력에 의한 힘은 언제나 F 곱하기 g가 됩니다 만약 제가 이 물체를 위 방향으로 밀거나 잡아당긴다면 이 물체는 등속도를 가져야 합니다 그렇다면 저는 물체의 무게와 크기가 같고 방향이 반대인 힘을 주어야 이 물체를 위로 움직일 수 있을 것입니다 그렇지 않다면 물체는 아래 방향으로 가속하게 될 것입니다 처음에는 물체를 가속하기 위해 좀 더 큰 힘을 주겠지만 한 번 속도를 가지게 되면 아래 방향의 중력과 같은 크기의 힘을 Bulgarian: нужна за да се премести този обект в определена позиция. Сега, ако говорим за работата, нужна за преместването на нещо, винаги трябва да се попитаме: да се премести откъде? Когато говорим за гравитационна потенциална енергия, преместването е от повърхността на Земята, нали така? Колко работа е нужна, за да преместим същата маса – да кажем, че първоначално е била тук – да я преместим от височина нула до височина h? През цялото време Земята... или силата на гравитацията ще бъде F с индекс g, нали? Така че, ако бутам или дърпам масата нагоре с постоянна скорост, ще ми е нужна равна, но противоположна по посока сила на тежестта ѝ. В противен случай ще се ускорява надолу. Ще ми трябва малко повече сила, за да я задвижа и ускоря колкото трябва, но щом се ускори веднъж, ще трябва да приложа сила, насочена нагоре, Czech: můžete si ji představit jako práci nutnou k přemístění předmětu do této pozice. Mluvíme-li o práci potřebné k přesunu něčeho do dané pozice, vždy musíme myslet na to, odkud to přemísťujeme. Když mluvíme o gravitační potenciální energii, mluvíme o přesunu z povrchu Země, že? Kolik práce je potřeba k přesunu stejné hmotnosti – řekněme, že byla nejprve tady – k přesunu z výšky 0 do výšky h? No, po celou dobu bude zemská, nebo gravitační síla, Fg, že? Takže v podstatě, pokud táhnu nebo tlačím nahoru, budu muset mít – a řekněme, že za konstantní rychlostí – budu muset mít stejnou sílu opačného směru vůči tíze, aby to vytáhl vzhůru, jinak by to zrychlovalo dolů. Musel bych mít o trochu větší sílu, abych to uvedl do pohybu a zrychlil, jen o trochu, ale jakmile to zrychluje, v podstatě bych musel působit silou nahoru, English: as the work necessary to move an object to that position. Now, if we're talking about work to move something into that position, or whatever, we always have to think about, well, move it from where? Well, when we talk about gravitational potential energy, we're talking about moving it from the surface of the Earth, right? And so how much work is required to move that same mass-- let's say it was here at first-- to move it from a height of zero to a height of h? Well, the whole time, the Earth, or the force of gravity, is going to be F sub g, right? So essentially, if I'm pulling it or pushing it upwards, I'm going to have to have-- and let's say at a constant velocity-- I'm going to have to have an equal and opposite force to its weight to pull it up. Otherwise, it would accelerate downwards. I'd have to do a little bit more just to get it moving, to accelerate it however much, but then once I get it just accelerating, essentially I would have to apply an upward Turkish: Burada yapılan iş : cismi yukarı kaldırmaktır. - Cismin konumunu nereden nereye değiştirdiğimiz önemli. - - Bu örnekte cismi dünya yüzeyinden yukarı kaldırdık. - Bunun için ne kadar iş yaptık? Cisim başlangıçta buradaydı. 0 yükseklikte h yüksekliğine çıkardık Garvitasyonal kuvvet, F, cisim çekim alanı içinde olduğu taktirde her zaman cisme etki ediyor Cismi yukarı doğru sabit hızla itersem - cismin ağırlığına eşit büyüklükte ve zıt yönde bir kuvvet uygulamış olurum. Çünkü sabit hız net kuvvetin 0 olmasını gerektirir. mg büyüklüğünde yukarı doğru bir kuvvet uygularsak cisim başlangıçta hareket etmez. Biraz daha fazla kuvvet uygularsak Spanish: como el trabajo necesario para mover un objeto a esa posición. Ahora, si estamos hablando de trabajo para mover algo en esa posición, o lo que sea, siempre tenemos que pensar, ¿bueno, hay que moverlo desde donde? Así, cuando hablamos de potencial gravitatorio energía, estamos hablando de desplazarlo de la superficie de ¿la tierra, derecho? Y cuánto se requiere trabajo para mover ese mismo masa--digamos aquí fue al principio--para moverlo de un ¿altura de cero a una altura de h? Bien, todo el tiempo, la tierra o la fuerza de ¿gravedad, va a ser f sub g, correcto? Tan esencialmente, si estoy tirando de él o empujándolo hacia arriba, yo soy va a tener a tener--y digamos a una constante velocidad--voy a tener que tener una igual y opuesta fuerza a su peso, tirando de él hacia arriba. De lo contrario, aceleraría hacia abajo. Tengo que hacer un poco más justo para que se mueva, a acelerarlo sin embargo mucho, pero luego una vez conseguirlo sólo acelerar, esencialmente tendría que aplicar un ascendente Portuguese: como o trabalho necessário para mover um objeto para esta posição. Agora, se estamos falando sobre trabalho para mover algo para esta posição, ou o que quer que seja, sempre temos que pensar sobre, bem, movê-lo de onde? Quando falamos sobre energia potencial gravitacional, estamos falando sobre movê-lo da superfície da Terra, certo? E quanto trabalho é necessário para mover esta mesma massa -- vamos dizer que ela estava aqui de inicio -- para movê-la de uma altura de zero para uma altura de "h". Bem, otempo todo, a Terra, ou a força peso, será Fg, certo? Essencialmente, se eu estou puxando-a ou empurrando-a para cima, eu vou ter que ter -- e vamos dizer em velocidade constante -- eu vou precisar ter uma força igual e oposta ao seu peso para puxá-la pra cima. Senão, ela aceleraria para baixo. Eu teria que fazer um pouco mais, apenas para mantê-la se movendo, para acelerá-la não importa o quanto, mas uma vez que eu consigo que ela ecelere, essencialmente eu teria que aplicar uma força para cima, French: comme le travail nécessaire pour déplacer un objet à cette position. Alors, si on parle de travail pour déplacer quelque chose on doit toujours penser à : le déplacer à partir d'où ? Quand on parle d'énergie potentielle de gravitation, on parle de le déplacer à partir de la surface de la terre, n'est-ce pas ? Et donc combien de travail est nécessaire pour déplacer cette même masse --disons qu'elle était là au départ-- de la déplacer d'une hauteur de 0 à une hauteur de h ? Et bien, tout du long, la Terre, ou la force de gravité, va être Fg. Donc en résumé, si je le tire ou je le pousse vers le haut, à une vitesse constante, Je vais devoir avoir une force égale et opposée à sa masse pour le tirer. Sinon, l'objet accélérerait vers le bas. Je vais devoir tirer un tout petit peu plus juste pour le faire bouger, mais quand je vais l'avoir fait tout juste accéléré, je vais devoir appliquer une force vers le haut, iw: כעבודה הדרושה להזיז את הגוף למקום הזה. כשאנו מדברים על העבודה הדרושה כדי להניע משהו למקום מסוים, צריך לחשוב מאיפה מתחילים להניע את הגוף. כשאנו מדברים על אנרגיה פוטנצילית כובדית, אנו מדברים על כך שמניעים את הגוף מפני כדור הארץ, נכון? מהי העבודה הדרושה להניע את אותה מסה - נגיד שהיא הייתה כאן בהתחלה - מגובה אפס לגובה h? לאורך כל הדרך, כוה הכובד יהיה F עם סימן תחתי g, נכון? אז בעצם, אם אני מושך או דוחף אותו מעלה במהירות קבועה, עלי להפעיל כוח שווה למשקלו ומנוגד לו, כדי להעלות אותו למעלה. אחרת הוא יאיץ כלפי מטה. עלי להפעיל כוח קצת יותר גדול להתחלת התנועה, להאיץ אותו במקצת, אך לאחר ההאצה הראשונית, עלי יהיה להפעיל כוח כלפי Chinese: 移动物体到这个位置所必须的功 现在 如果我们讨论一下 把一个物体放到这个位置的功 或别的 我们总要想一下 从哪里开始移动 当我们说到重力势能 就是讨论从 地球表面移动 对吧？ 所以移动同样质量 要做多少功 我们设刚开始在这里 从高度是0移动到高度是h 总时间 地面 或者重力 就是Fg 对吧？ 所以实际上 如果我向上推或者拉 我要 我们设以均匀的速度 我要用一个和它的重力等大反向的力 来向上拉 要不它就会向下加速 我要用大一点力来让它移动 不管让它加速多少 但是一旦它开始加速 实际上我应该用向上的力 Thai: เป็นงานที่จำเป็น เพื่อย้ายวัตถุไปยังตำแหน่งนั้น ทีนี้ ถ้าคุณพูดถึงงานเพื่อย้ายวัตถุ ไปยังตำแหน่งนั้นหรืออะไรก็ตาม เราต้องคิดถึง ว่าย้ายจากตรงไหน? เวลาเราพูดถึงพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง เราจะพูดถึงการย้ายจากผิวโลก จริงไหม? แล้วงานที่ต้องใช้ย้ายมวล เดียวกัน -- สมมุติว่ามันอยู่ตรงนี้ตอนแรก -- เพื่อย้ายมันจาก ความสูง 0 ถึงความสูง h เป็นเท่าใด? ตลอดเวลา โลก หรือแรงของ ความโน้มถ่วง จะเท่ากับ F ห้อย g จริงไหม? ที่สุดแล้ว ถ้าผมดึงหรือผลักมันขึ้น ผม จะต้องมี -- สมมุติว่าที่ความเร็ว คงที่ -- ผมจะมีแรงเท่ากันและตรงข้าม กับน้ำหนักเพื่อดึงมันขึ้น ไม่อย่างนั้น มันจะเร่งลง ผมต้องออกแรงมากกว่านิดหน่อย เพื่อให้เคลื่อนที่ เร่งมันขึ้นหน่อย แต่เมื่อมันเร่ง ได้แล้ว ผมก็ออกแรงขึ้น iw: מעלה, השקול לכוח הכובד המכוון כלפי מטה, ואעשה זאת לאורך מרחק h, נכון? מהי עבודה? עבודה היא כוח כפול מרחק. כוח כפול מרחק, כשהכוח הוא בכוון התנועה. אם כן, מהי העבודה הדרושה כדי להעלות את המסה הזאת לכאן? העבודה שווה לכוח הכובד כפול הגובה, על כן היא שווה לאנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית. זה דבר מעניין. שימו לב שלקחנו כנקודת ייחוס את פני כדור הארץ, אך יכולנו לקחת נקודה שרירותית אחרת. יכולנו לקחת נקודת ייחוס שהיא 10 מטר מתחת לפני כדור הארץ, שיכולה להיות כאן למטה, או שיכולנו לדבר על איזשהו משטח שהוא בגובה של 5 מטר מעל פני כדור הארץ. כשמסתכלים על זה ככה, יוצא שאנרגיה פוטנצילית מכל סוג, ובמיוחד אנרגיה פוטנצילית כובדית - נראה בהמשך גם אנרגיה פוטנצילית Bulgarian: която да е равна на силата на гравитацията надолу. И ще правя това за разстояние h, нали така? Колко е работата? Тя е равна на силата по разстоянието. Силата по разстоянието, като трябва силата да е в посоката на разстоянието. Каква работа е необходима, за да достигне масата до тук? Работата е равна на силата на гравитацията по височината, така че е равна на гравитационната потенциална енергия. Това е интересно. Забележи, че избрахме за отправна точка повърхността на Земята, но можехме да вземем която и да е случайна точка. Можехме да кажем: от 10 метра под повърхността на Земята, ето тук. Или можехме да кажем: "от платформа на 5 метра над повърхността на Земята." Така излиза, че като го разгледаме по този начин, всяка потенциална енергия, и в частност гравитационната (по-късно ще видим електрическата), Korean: 위 방향으로 주어야 합니다 그렇게 한다면 물체를 h만큼의 높이로 들어 올리게 될 것입니다 일이 무엇입니까? 일은 힘과 거리를 곱한 값입니다 여기서 힘의 방향은 거리의 방향과 동일해야 합니다 물체를 이 높이만큼 들어올릴 때 필요한 일의 크기를 구하겠습니다 일은 중력에 의한 힘과 높이를 곱한 값입니다 따라서 일의 크기는 중력 퍼텐셜에너지와 같게 됩니다 매우 흥미로운 결과입니다 우리가 기준점을 지구의 표면으로 잡은 것을 주목합시다 우리는 임의의 그 어떤 기준점을 잡아도 무방했습니다 지구의 표면으로 부터 10m 아래이거나 지구 표면에서 5m 위로 떨어진 위치를 기준점으로 설정하여도 무방합니다 여기서 밝혀진 점은 모든 형태의 퍼텐셜 에너지 전기에너지의 경우를 보겠지만 특히 중력 퍼텐셜에너지는 Chinese: 這個力等於向下的重力 我要拉動的距離是h 對吧？ 功是多少？ 功就是力乘以距離 力乘以距離 力應該和距離的方向相同 要把這個質量的物體向上提到這裡 功是多少？ 功等於重力乘以高度 所以這就等於重力勢能 現在 這是個有趣的問題 注意到我們選了地表作爲參照點 但是我們可以任意選擇參照點 我們可以說 哦 從低於地面10米 應該在這 或者實際上也可以說 你們知道 從地面之上5米的平台 所以實際上結果是 當你們這樣想 任何形式的勢能 但是尤其重力勢能 我們要看一下電勢能 Thai: เท่ากับแรงลงของความโน้มถ่วง และผมทำอย่างนั้นเป็นระยะทาง h จริงไหม? งานคืออะไร? งานก็แค่แรงคูณระยะทาง แรงคูณระยะทาง และมันต้องเป็นแรงใน ทิศของระยะทาง แล้วงานที่ต้องใช้พามวลนี้ขึ้นไปเป็นเท่าใด? งานเท่ากับแรงโน้มถ่วงคูณความสูง มันจึงเท่ากับ พลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง ทีนี้ นี่คือสิ่งที่น่าสนใจ สังเกตว่าเราเลือกจุดอ้างอิงเป็นผิวโลก แต่เราเลือก จุดอ้างอิงใดๆ ก็ได้ เราบอกได้ว่า จาก 10 เมตรใต้ผิว โลก ซึ่งอยู่ข้างล่างตรงนี้ หรือเราบอก ว่า จากแท่นที่สูง 5 เมตรเหนือพื้นโลกก็ได้ มันจึงปรากฏว่า เมื่อคุณคิดแบบนั้น พลังงานศักย์ในรูปใดๆ ยิ่งถ้าเป็นพลังงาน ศักย์โน้มถ่วง -- เราจะเห็นในพลังงานศักย์ Chinese: 这个力等于向下的重力 我要拉动的距离是h 对吧？ 功是多少？ 功就是力乘以距离 力乘以距离 力应该和距离的方向相同 要把这个质量的物体向上提到这里 功是多少？ 功等于重力乘以高度 所以这就等于重力势能 现在 这是个有趣的问题 注意到我们选了地球表面作为参照点 但是我们可以任意选择参照点 我们可以说 哦 从低于地面10米 应该在这 或者实际上也可以说 你们知道 从地面之上5米的平台 所以实际上结果是 当你们这样想 任何形式的势能 但是尤其重力势能 我们要看一下电势能 English: force, which is equivalent to the downward force of gravity, and I would do it for a distance of h, right? What is work? Work is just force times distance. Force times distance, and it has to be force in the direction of the distance. So what's the work necessary to get this mass up here? Well, the work is equal to the force of gravity times height, so it's equal to the gravitational potential energy. Now this is an interesting thing. Notice we picked the reference point as the surface of the Earth, but we could have picked any arbitrary reference point. We could have said, well, from 10 meters below the surface of the Earth, which could have been down here, or we could have actually said, you know, from a platform that's 5 meters above the Earth. So it actually turns out, when you think of it that way, that potential energy of any form, but especially gravitational potential energy-- and we'll see electrical potential Turkish: m yukarı doğru ivmelenerek yükselir. Bu kuvveti h yüksekliğine kadar cisme uyguluyoruz. Burada yapılan iş ne? iş = kuvvet X yol Uygulanan kuvvet gidilmek istenen yol yönünde. m'in h kadar yukarı çıkması için gerekli iş nedir? "iş = kuvvet X yol" denkleminden: W = F X h olur Buradan W=PE olduğunu görüyoruz. Bu ilginç bir sonuç. Hatırlayın cismin başlangıç konumu dünya yüzeyi üzerindeydi. PE hesaplarken referans noktasını dünya yüzeyi almıştık Aslında referans noktası herhangi bir nokta olabilir. Mesela dünya yüzeyinin 10m altında da seçilebilridi. Ya da referans noktası dünya yüzeyinden 5m yukarıda olabilirdi. Referans noktasını herkes kendine göre farklı seçebilir. - - Elektriksel potansiyel enerjide de referans noktasını seçme özgürlüğü vardır. French: qui est équivalente à la force de la gravité qui est vers le bas. Et je vais devoir le faire sur une distance h. Qu'est-ce que le travail ? Le travail c'est simple une force multipliée par une distance Force x Distance, et ce doit être une force dans la direction de la distance Alors, quel est le travail nécessaire à soulever cette masse jusqu'ici. Le travail est égal à la force de gravité multipliée par la hauteur, Donc c'est égal à l'énergie potentielle de gravitation ! Donc c'est égal à l'énergie potentielle de gravitation ! C'est très intéressant ! Remarquez qu'on a pris le point de référence à la surface de la Terre. Mais on aurait pu prendre arbitrairement n'importe quel point de référence. On aurai pu dire :"en partant de 10 mètres sous la surface" ce qui aurait été ici, ou bien sur une plateforme 5 mètres au dessus du sol. Il s'avère que, l'énergie potentielle, sous n'importe quelle forme, --on va le voir avec l'énergie potentielle électrique-- Spanish: fuerza, lo que equivale a la fuerza de gravedad hacia abajo, ¿y lo haría para una distancia de h, correcto? ¿Qué es trabajo? El trabajo es sólo fuerza veces distancia. Fuerza veces a distancia, y tiene que ser la fuerza en la dirección de la distancia. ¿Qué es el trabajo necesario para llegar a esta masa aquí? Bueno, el trabajo es igual a la fuerza de gravedad veces altura, por lo que es igual a la energía potencial gravitatoria. Ahora esto es una cosa interesante. AVISO seleccionamos el punto de referencia como la superficie de la Tierra, pero nosotros podríamos haber recogido cualquiera punto de referencia arbitrario. Nos podríamos haber dicho, bien, de 10 metros por debajo de la superficie de la tierra, que podría haber sido aquí abajo, o podríamos han realmente dijo, ustedes saben, desde una plataforma que es 5 metros sobre la tierra. Por lo que en realidad resulta que, cuando se piensa así, que energía potencial de cualquier forma, pero especialmente gravitacional energía potencial--y nos veremos el potencial eléctrico Portuguese: que é equivalente a força da gravidade para baixo, e eu faria isso por uma distância de "h", certo? Oque é trabalho? Trabalho é apenas força vezes distância. Força vezes distância, e tem que ser a força na direção da distância. Então qual é o trabalho necessário para colocar essa massa aqui em cima? Bem, o trabalho é igual a força da gravidade vezes a altura, então é igual a energia potencial gravitacional. Agora, isso é uma coisa interessante. Note que escolhemos o ponto de referência como sendo a superfície da Terra, mas poderiamos ter escolhido qualquer ponto de referência aleatóriamente. Poderiamos ter dito, bem, a partir de 10 metros abaixo da superfície da Terra, que poderia ter sido aqui em baixo, ou poderiamos ter dito, você sabe, de uma plataforma que está a 5 metros acima da Terra. Então, ele realmente parece, quando você pensa dessa maneira, essa energia potencial de qualquer forma, mas especialmente energia potencial gravitacional -- e veremos energia potencial Czech: která je stejná jako gravitační síla směřující dolů. A to bych řešil pro výšku h, že? Co je práce? Práce je síla krát vzdálenost. Síla krát vzdálenost a musí to být síla ve směru té vzdálenosti. Jaká je práce nutná pro přesun této hmotnosti tady? Práce se rovná gravitační síla krát výška, takže se rovná gravitační potenciální energii. A to je zajímavá věc. Všimněte si, že jsme vybrali jako referenční bod povrch Země, ale mohli jsme vybrat jakýkoliv libovolný bod. Mohli jsme říct, třeba z 10 metrů pod povrchem Země, což by bylo tady dole. Nebo jsme mohli třeba říct tady z té rampy v 5 metrech nad zemí. Když se nad tím zamyslíte takto, pak potenciální energie v jakékoliv formě, ale zvláště gravitační potenciální energie, – a uvidíme elektrickou potenciální energii – Czech: se vždy vztahuje k nějakému jinému bodu, takže je to vlastně změna potenciální energie, na které záleží. A vím, že při rozboru potenciální energie se zdálo, že je absolutní, ale to je proto, že vždy předpokládáme, že potenciální energie čehokoliv na povrchu Země je nula a že chceme znát potenciální energii vzhledem k povrchu Země. Takže je to většinou o tom, kolik práce je potřeba, abychom něco zvedli z povrchu Země do dané výšky. Ale my bychom měli říkat, že potenciální energie gravitace... Neměli bychom říkat, že jde o absolutní potenciální energie gravitace. Měli bychom říkat, že potenciální energie gravitace vzhledem k povrchu Země se rovná práci nutné k přemístění něčeho z povrchu Země na současnou pozici. Mohli bychom definovat i jiný termín, který není příliš používaný, ale mohli bychom říkat potenciální energie gravitace Bulgarian: винаги се разглежда по отношение на някаква друга точка. Така че важна е винаги промяната в потенциалната енергия. Когато учихме за потенциалната енергия, тя изглеждаше като един вид абсолютна потенциална енергия. Причината за това е, че винаги приемаме, че потенциалната енергия на един предмет е 0 и търсим потенциалната енергия по отношение на повърхността на Земята. Така че търсим колко работа е нужна, за да преместим нещо от повърхността на Земята до дадена височина. Но всъщност би трябвало да казваме, че потенциалната енегрия на гравитацията , както е странно да се каже, е просто абсолютната потенциална енергия на гравитацията Трябва да казваме, че потенциалната енергия на гравитацията по отношение на повърхността на Земята е равна на работата, нужна за преместване на обекта, преместването на тази маса от повърхността на Земята до дадената позиция. Можем да дефинираме и друг термин, който не е много употребяван. Можем да кажем, че става въпрос за потенциалната енергия на гравитацията English: energy-- it's always in reference to some other point, so it's really a change in potential energy that matters. And I know when we studied potential energy, it seemed like there was kind of an absolute potential energy, but that's because we always assume that the potential energy of something is zero the surface of the Earth and that we want to know the potential energy relative to the surface of the Earth, so it would be kind of, you know, how much work does it take to take something from the surface of the Earth to that height? But really, we should be saying, well, the potential energy of gravity-- like this statement shouldn't be, you know, this is just the absolute potential energy of gravity. We should say this is the potential energy of gravity relative to the surface of the Earth is equal to the work necessary to move something, to move that same mass, from the surface of the Earth to its current position. We could have defined some other term that is not really used, but we could have said potential energy of gravity Chinese: 它經常用別的點作爲參照 所以實際上 勢能變化量很重要 我知道當我們學習勢能的時候 看起來好像有一種絕對勢能 但是這是因爲我們經常假設 地表的物體 的勢能是0 我們要算的勢能 都是以地表作爲參考 但是這就是 你們知道 把物體從地面帶到 這個高度要做多少功？ 但是實際上 我們可以說 哦 重力勢能 這種描述不應該- 你們知道 這只是絕對重力勢能 我們應該說相對於地面 重力勢能等於 移動物體需要做的功 爲了移動同樣質量的物體 從地面到當前位置 我們可以定義一些沒有用過的量 但是我們可以說 iw: חשמלית - היא תמיד ביחס לנקודת ייחוס אחרת, כלומר, שמה שחשוב זה בעצם השינוי באנרגיה הפוטנצילית. אני יודע שכשלמדנו על אנרגיה פוטנצילית, זה היה נראה שזאת הייתה אנרגיה פוטנצילית אבסולוטית, אך זה בגלל שהנחנו שהאנרגיה הפוטנצילית של משהו היא אפס על פני כדור הארץ, וחישבנו את האנרגיה הפוטנצילית ביחס לפני כדור הארץ, ובדקנו מהי העבודה הדרושה לקחת משהו מפני כדור הארץ עד לאותו גובה. על כן, אנו לא צריכים להתייחס לאנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית כאל גודל אבסולוטי. עלינו להגיד שזאת האנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית ביחס לפני כדור הארץ, והיא שווה לעבודה הדרושה להניע את אותו משהו, אותה המסה, מפני כדור הארץ למקומה הנוכחי. יכולנו להגדיר מונח אחר, בו לא משתמשים, אך יכולנו לדבר על האנרגיה הפוטנצילית הכובדית Portuguese: elétrica -- é sempre em referência a algum outro ponto, é uma mudança de energia potencial que interessa. E eu sei que quando estudamos energia potencial, parecia que tinha uma energia potencial absoluta, mas isso é porque sempre assumimos que a energia potencial de alguma coisa está à zero da superfície da Terra e queremos saber a energia potencial relativa a superfície da Terra, quanto trabalho é necessário para levar alguma coisa da superfície da Terra até essa altura? Mas na verdade, deveriamos estar dizendo, bem, a energia potencial da gravidade -- como esta afirmação não deveria ser, você sabe, essa é apenas a energia potencial absoluta da gravidade. Deveriamos dizer que está é a energia potencial da gravidade relativa a superfície da Terra, é igual ao trabalho necessário para mover alguma coisa, para mover esta mesma massa, da superfície da Terra para sua posição atual. Poderiamos ter definido algum outro termo que não é realmente usado, mas poderiamos ter dito que a energial potencial da gravidade Thai: ไฟฟ้าเช่นกัน -- มันจะอ้างอิงกับจุดอื่น สิ่งที่สำคัญจริงๆ ก็คือการเปลี่ยนแปลง พลังงานศักย์ ผมรู้ว่าเวลาเราศึกษาพลังงานศักย์ ดูเหมือนว่า มันจะเป็นพลังงานศักย์สัมบูรณ์ แต่ นั่นเป็นเพราะเราสมมุติตลอดว่าพลังงาน ศักย์ของวัตถุใดๆ เป็น 0 ที่ผิวโลก และเราอยากรู้พลังงานศักย์เทียบกับ ผิวโลก มันจึงเป็น คุณก็รู้ งานที่ต้องทำเพื่อย้ายวัตถุจาก ผิวโลกไปถึงความสูงนั้น แต่จริงๆ แล้ว เราควรบอกว่า พลังงานศักย์ โน้มถ่วง -- ประโยคแบบนี้ไม่ควร พจน์นี้คือพลังงาน ศักย์โน้มถ่วงสัมบูรณ์ เราควรบอกว่า นี่คือพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง เทียบกับผิวโลก เท่ากับงาน ที่ต้องใช้ย้ายวัตถุ เพื่อย้ายของมวลเท่าเดิม จากผิวโลกถึงตำแหน่งปัจจุบัน เรานิยามเทอมอื่นที่ไม่ได้ใช้ จริงๆ ก็ได้ แต่บอกได้ว่าพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง Spanish: energía--siempre es en referencia a algún otro punto, por lo que es realmente un cambio en la energía potencial que importa. Y sé que cuando estudiamos la energía potencial, parecía como no hubo clase de una energía potencial absoluto, pero eso es porque siempre asumimos que el potencial energía de algo es cero en la superficie de la tierra y que queremos saber la energía potencial relativo la superficie de la tierra, por lo que sería tipo de, sabes, lo lleve a tomar algo de cuánto trabajo la ¿superficie de la tierra a esa altura? Pero realmente, nosotros deberíamos estar diciendo, bueno, el potencial energía de gravedad--como no debería ser esta declaración, usted saben, esto es sólo el absoluto energía potencial de gravedad. Deberíamos decir que esto es la energía potencial de gravedad respecto a la superficie de la tierra es igual al trabajo necesario mover algo, para mover esa misma masa, de la superficie de la tierra a su posición actual. Nosotros podríamos ha definido algún otro término que no es realmente usado, pero nos podríamos haber dicho la energía potencial de gravedad Chinese: 它经常用别的点作为参照 所以实际上 势能变化量很重要 我知道当我们学习势能的时候 看起来好像有一种绝对势能 但是这是因为我们经常假设 地球表面的物体 的势能是0 我们要算的势能 都是以地球表面作为参考 但是这就是 你们知道 把物体从地面带到 这个高度要做多少功？ 但是实际上 我们可以说 哦 重力势能 这种描述不应该- 你们知道 这只是绝对重力势能 我们应该说相对于地面 重力势能等于 移动物体需要做的功 为了移动同样质量的物体 从地面到当前位置 我们可以定义一些没有用过的量 但是我们可以说 Korean: 언제나 다른 점에 기준을 두고 있다는 것입니다 우리가 생각하고 있던 것과는 다른 결과입니다 퍼텐셜에너지에 대해 배웠을 때 퍼텐셜에너지는 마치 절대적인 것처럼 보였지만 그것은 매번 계산할 때에 기준점을 지구의 표면으로 삼았기 때문입니다 지구의 표면에 대해서 상대적인 위치를 가진 물체의 퍼텐셜에너지를 구했었습니다 예를 들면 지구의 표면에서 특정 높이까지 물체를 들어 올리는 데에 필요한 일을 구하는 것이 있습니다 하지만 중력 퍼텐셜에너지는 아까 말한 것과 같이 그저 절대적인 중력 퍼텐셜에너지일 수만은 없습니다 우리가 구해왔던 중력 퍼텐셜에너지는 지구의 표면을 기준으로 가지는 위치의 물체를 다른 지구 표면에서의 위치로 움직일 때의 일의 크기입니다 다른 용어를 사용하여 정의할 수도 있지만 이를 지구 표면 5미터 아래에 해당하는 French: se définit toujours en référence à un autre point. C'est donc en fait un changement dans l'énergie potentielle qui est vraiment important. Et je sais que quand on a étudié l'énergie potentielle, Il y avait l'air d'y avoir une éenergie potentielle absolue, mais c'est parce que nous avons toujours fait l'hypothèse, que l'énergie potentielle valait 0 à la surface de la Terre. et que nous voulions connaitre l'énergie potentielle relativement à la surface de la Terre. C'est comme se demander : "quel travail faudrait-il pour déplacer quelque chose de la surface de la Terre à cette hauteur ?" Mais en réalité, on devrait dire : "l'énergie potentielle de gravité non pas absolue, comme cela, toute seule, mais RELATIVE. I faudrait dire : "c'est l'énergie potentielle de gravitation relative à la surface de de la Terre, et elle est égale au travail qu'il faut fournir pour déplacer une certaine masse, de la surface de la Terre à sa position actuelle. On aurait pu définir une autre référence, mais qui n'est pas très utilisée. On aurait pu parler de l'énergie potentielle de gravitation Turkish: Ancak bir noktaya göre elektriksel PE tanımlanabilir. Önemli olan PE'deki değişimdir. PE değişmez, sabit bir enerji gibi görünebilir. Bunun nedeni PE' yi genelde dünya yüzeyini referans alarak hesaplamamızdandır. Dünya yüzeyindeki cismin 0 PE'sinin olması aslında dünya yüzeyine göre PE' sinin 0 olması demektir. Böylece bir cismin belli bir yükseklikteki PE' si, cismin o yüksekliğe çıkması için gerekli işi verir. - - - - - Dünyanın yüzeyine göre cismin gravitasyonal PE' si cismi dünya yüzeyinden son konumuna getirmek için yapılan işe eşittir. - - Dünyanın 5m altına göre de PE ' yi hesaplayabiliriz. Portuguese: relativa a menos 5 metros abaixo da superfície da Terra, e que esse seria o trabalho necessário para mover alguma coisa de menos 5 metros para sua altura atual. E, evidentemente, que pode ser importante. E se cortássemos um buraco e quiséssemos ver qual é a energia sinética aqui? Então, essa energia potencial teria importância. Então, eu só queria fazer essa revisão de energia potencial, porque isso fará o "pulo" para energia potencial elétrica e fará com que isso fique muito mais fácil, porque você realmente verá que é basicamente a mesma coisa. É apenas a fonte do campo e a fonte do potencial, é uma coisa diferente. ... Energia Potencial Elétrica, sabemos na verdade que campos gravitacionais não são constantes, podemos assumir que eles são constantes talvez próximos da superfície da Terra e tudo isso, mas sabemos também que campos elétricos não são constantes, e realmente eles tem formulas muito simples. Mas só pra simplificar a explicação disso, vamos supor um campo elétrico constante. e se você não acredita em mim, que um pode ser construido, iw: ביחס לגובה של מינוס 5 מטר מתחת לפני כדור הארץ, ולשאול מהי העבודה הדרושה כדי להניע את הגוף ממינוס 5 מטר לגובהו הנוכחי. וזה כמובן יכול היה להיות רלוונטי. אם היינו חופרים בור והיינו רוצים לדעת מהי האנרגיה הקינטית שם, אז האנרגיה הפוטנצילית הזאת הייתה רלוונטית. בכל מקרה, מה שרציתי זה שנעשה חזרה על אנרגיה פוטנצילית, כי זה יקל על המעבר לאנרגיה פוטנצילית חשמלית. אתם תראו שזה כמעט אותו הדבר. רק שמקור השדה ומקור הפוטנציל הם שונים. אנו יודעים שהשדות הגרביטציוניים אינם קבועים. ניתן להניח שהשדה הגרביטציוני קבוע קרוב לפני כדור הארץ. אנו גם יודעים ששדות חשמליים אינם קבועים ושיש להם נוסחאות פשוטות. אנו בכל זאת נניח שיש לנו שדה חשמלי קבוע, כדי לפשט את העניינים. אם אינכם מאמינים לי שניתן ליצור שדה חשמלי Korean: 중력 퍼텐셜에너지라고 할 수도 있습니다 그렇다면 그것은 무언가를 마이너스 5미터부터 지금 높이까지 움직일때 필요할 일이 될 것입니다 그리고 물론 이게 문제가 될 수도 있습니다 만약 우리가 여기 구멍을 뚫어놓고 여기의 운동에너지를 알고싶다면 이런 상황이라면 그 퍼텐셜에너지는 문제가 됩니다 어쨌든 전기 퍼텐셜에너지에 대한 내용으로 넘어갈 때 여러분의 이해를 돕기 위해서 전 이 퍼텐셜에너지에 대해서 다시 검토해본 것이었습니다 실제로는 매우 흡사한 개념입니다 그저 장을 만들어내는 그 근원이 다를 뿐입니다 실제로 중력장은 일정하지 않고 물체가 지구의 표면에 가까울 때에 일정하다고 가정할 수 있습니다 전기장 또한 상수가 아닙니다 또한 굉장히 비슷한 공식을 가지고 있습니다 간단한 설명을 위해서 균일한 전기장이 있다고 합시다 만약 이런 것이 존재하는 게 불가능하다고 생각한다면 English: relative to minus 5 meters below the surface of the Earth, and that would be the work necessary to move something from minus 5 meters to its current height. And, of course, that might matter. What if we cut up a hole and we want to see what is the kinetic energy here? Well, then that potential energy would matter. Anyway, so I just wanted to do this review of potential energy because now it'll make the jump to electrical potential energy all that easier, because you'll actually see it's pretty much the same thing. It's just the source of the field and the source of the potential is something different. So electrical potential energy, just actually we know that gravitational fields are not constant, we can assume they're constant maybe near the surface of the Earth and all that, but we also know that electrical fields aren't constant, and actually they have very similar formulas. But just for the simplicity of explaining it, let's assume a constant electric field. And if you don't believe me that one can be constructed, Czech: vzhledem k minus 5 metrům pod povrchem Země. a to by byla práce potřebná k přesunu něčeho z minus 5 metrů do současné polohy. A na tom může záležet. Co když vykrojíme díru a chceme zjistit, jaká je tady kinetická energie? No, pak by na této potenciální energii záleželo. Chtěl jsem zopakovat potenciální energii, protože nyní přejdu k elektrické potenciální energii mnohem snadněji, protože uvidíte, že se jedná o víceméně stejnou záležitost. Liší se jen zdroj pole a zdroj potenciálu. Elektrická potenciální energie... Víme, že gravitační pole nejsou konstantní, můžeme předpokládat, že jsou konstantní možná v blízkosti povrchu Země a tak, také ale víme, že elektrická pole nejsou konstantní, a že vlastně mají velmi jednoduché vzorečky. Zjednodušme si situaci a předpokládejme, že máme konstantní elektrostatické pole. A pokud mi nevěříte, že takové může být vytvořeno, Thai: เทียบกับลบ 5 เมตรใต้ผิว โลก มันจะเท่ากับงานที่ต้องใช้ย้าย อะไรสักอย่างจากลบ 5 เมตรถึงความสูงปัจจุบัน และแน่นอน มันอาจสำคัญ ถ้าเกิดเราขุดหลุมและเราอยากรู้ว่าพลังงาน จลน์ตรงนี้เป็นเท่าใด? พลังงานศักย์แบบนั้นจะสำคัญ เอาล่ะ ผมแค่อยากทบทวนเรื่อง พลังงานศักย์เพราะมันจะทำให้กระโดดไปเรื่อง พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้าง่ายขึ้น เพราะคุณจะ เห็นว่ามันคล้ายกันมาก มันก็แค่แหล่งสนาม แหล่ง ศักย์ที่ต่างออกไปบ้าง พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้า เรารู้ว่า สนามไฟฟ้าไม่คงที่ เราก็สมมุติว่า พวกมันคงที่ใกล้ผิวโลกอะไรพวกนั้น แต่เรายังรู้ว่าสนามไฟฟ้าไม่ได้ คงที่ และมันมีสูตรคล้ายกันมาก แต่เพื่อความง่ายในการอธิบาย ลองสมมุติว่า สนามไฟฟ้าคงที่ก่อน แลถ้าคุณไม่เชื่อว่ามันสร้างได้ French: relative à 5 mètres sous la surface de la Terre, et cela aurait signifié : "le travail nécessaire pour déplacer quelque chose de -5 m à sa hauteur actuelle". Et bien sûr, cela pourrait être utile. Si on creuse un trou et que l'on veut connaitre l'énergie cinétique en ce point, par exemple. Et bien cette énergie potentielle serait importante. Bref, je voulais faire ce récapitulatif sur l'énergie potentielle car maintenant ce sera bien plus simple de passer à l'énergie potentielle électrique, parce que vous allez voir qu'il s'agit presque de la même chose. La différence ici, est que la source du champ et la source du potentiel sont différents. La différence ici, est que la source du champ et la source du potentiel sont différents. Nous savons en fait que le champ gravitationnel n'est pas constant dans l'espace, mais on peut faire l'hyptohèse qu'il est constant disons proche de la surface de la terre, De la même façon, le champ électrique varie, et il a une formule très simple qui régit sa variation. Pour le moment, pour simplifier les choses, faisons l'hypothèse que le champ électrique est constant. Et si vous ne croyez pas qu'il est possible de construire un tel champ, Chinese: 相对于地面下5米的重力势能 这个功应该是 从-5米移动到当前高度需要的功 当然 这可能有关 如果我们挖一个洞然后看一下 这里的动能是多少？ 那么势能就有关系了 不管怎样 所以我只是想要 复习一下势能 因为现在能更容易直接跨越到 电势能了 因为实际上 它们看起来是非常接近的 它们是场的来源 或者别的势能的来源 所以电势能 实际上 我们知道重力场不是恒定的 或许接近地球表面的地方 我们可以假设它们是恒定的 但是我们也知道电场不是恒定的 实际上 我们有非常简单的公式 但是为了方便解释 我们假设一个恒定的电场 如果你们不相信这样的电场可以构造出来 你们可以看 Turkish: O zaman cismin dünyanın 5m altından son konumuna gelmesi için yapılan işi hesaplardık. - Şimdilik dünya yüzeyini referans alalım. Buraya bir çukur açıp cismin buradaki kinetik enerjisine ne olur sorusunu sorabiliriz. O zaman buradaki PE'nin ne olduğu önem kazanırdı. gravitasyonal PE konusunu tekrar ettik. Şimdi elektriksel PE 'ye geçelim. Bu ikisi birbirine çok benzer . Bu iki enerjide değişen şey; alanların kaynağıdır. Kaynağı oluşturan alan değişirse o alan içindeki potansiyel enerjinin türü de değişir. Gravtiasyonal alan dünyadan yakın yüksekliklerde çok az değiştiği için sabit kabul edilir. Aslında "g" uzaklığa bağlıdır. Elektrik alan sabit değildir. Formülü basittir. Kolaylık olsun diye E alanı sabit kabul edeceğiz. - Eğer sabit E alan hakkında şüpheliyseniz Spanish: relativa a menos de 5 metros por debajo de la superficie de la Tierra y sería el trabajo necesario para mover algo de menos de 5 metros a su altura actual. Y, por supuesto, que puede importar. ¿Qué pasa si cortamos un agujero y queremos ver lo que es la ¿energía cinética aquí? Bien, entonces le importa esa energía potencial. De todos modos, tan sólo quería hacer esta revisión del potencial energía porque ahora podrá dar el salto a eléctrico todo lo que más fácil, porque te vas de energía potencial ver realmente es prácticamente la misma cosa. Es sólo la fuente del campo y la fuente de la potencial es algo diferente. Energía potencial tan eléctrica, sólo realmente sabemos que campos gravitacionales no son constantes, podemos asumir eres constantes quizás cerca de la superficie de la tierra y todo eso, pero también sabemos que no son campos eléctricos constante y realmente tienen fórmulas muy simples. Pero sólo por la simplicidad de explicarla, vamos a asumir una campo eléctrico constante. Y si no me creéis que uno puede construirse, Bulgarian: по отношение на минус 5 метра под повърхността на Земята, и търсим работата, нужна за преместването нещо от минус 5 метра до сегашната му височина. И разбира се, това може да има значение. Какво ще стане, ако издълбаем дупка и искаме да намерим кинетичната енергия в нея? Тогава потенциалната енергия ще е от значение. Просто ми се искаше да преговорим потенциалната енергия, за да улесним прехода към електрическата потенциална енергия. Ще видиш, че всъщност става въпрос за почти същото нещо. Обаче източникът на полето и източникът на потенциала са различни неща. За електрическата потенциална енергия: вече знаем, че гравитационните полета не са постоянни. Можем да приемем, че те са постоянни около повърхността на Земята. Знаем също, че електричните полета не са постоянни и имат доста простички формули. Само за да избегнем усложнения, нека предположим, че имаме постоянно електрическо поле. И ако не ми вярваш, че такова поле може да се направи, Chinese: 相對於地面下5米的重力勢能 這個功應該是 從-5米移動到當前高度需要的功 當然 這可能有關 如果我們挖一個洞然後看一下 這裡的動能是多少？ 那麽勢能就有關係了 不管怎樣 所以我只是想要 複習一下勢能 因爲現在能更容易直接跨越到 電勢能了 因爲實際上 它們看起來是非常接近的 它們是場的來源 或者別的勢能的來源 所以電勢能 實際上 我們知道重力場不是恒定的 或許接近地表的地方 我們可以假設它們是恒定的 但是我們也知道電場不是恒定的 實際上 我們有非常簡單的公式 但是爲了方便解釋 我們假設一個恒定的電場 如果你們不相信這樣的電場可以構造出來 你們可以看 Portuguese: você deve assistir aos meus vídeos que envolvem um pouco de cálculo, que mostram que um campo elétrico uniforme pode ser gerado por uma placa infinita uniformemente carregada. Vamos dizer que esta seja a vista lateral de um plano uniformemente carregado e vamos dizer que este está positivamente carregado. ... É claro que nunca se consegue uma vista lateral adequada de uma placa infinita, por você nunca consegue cortá-lo, porque é infinito em todas as direções, mas vamos dizer que este é, e que esta é sua vista lateral. Assim, antes de tudo, vamos pensar sobre seu campo elétrico. Seu campo elétrico irá apontar para cima, e como sabemos que ele aponta pra cima? Por que o campo elétrico é essencialmente oque é -- e isto é apenas uma convenção. Oque uma carga positiva faria no campo? Ora, se esta placa é positiva, uma carga positiva, irá querer se afastar dela. Então sabemos que o campo elétrico aponta para cima e sabemos que iw: קבוע, כדאי שתצפו בסירטונים בהם הראיתי, בעזרת חשבון דיפרנצילי, שניתן ליצור שדה מגנטי אחיד בעזרת מישור אינסופי הטעון בצורה אחידה. נגיד שזה מבט הצד של מישור אינסופי הטעון בצורה אחידה, ונגיד שהוא טעון חיובית. כמובן שלא ניתן לקבל מבט צד אמיתי של מישור אינסופי, כי לא ניתן "לחתוך" אותו, כי הוא אינסופי בכל הכוונים. בכל זאת, נגיד שזה המישור, וזה מבט הצד שלו. דבר ראשון, נחשוב על השדה החשמלי שלו. השדה החשמלי יהיה מכוון כלפי מעלה, איך אנו יודעים זאת? כי לפי המוסכמה, עלינו לשאול מה יקרה למטען חיובי בשדה הזה. מכיוון שהמישור טעון חיובית, המטען החיובי יטה להתרחק ממנו. זה אומר שהשדה החשמלי, לפי המוסכמה, מכוון כלפי מעלה. Czech: měli byste se podívat na videa s integrálním počtem, která ukazují, že konstantní elektrostatické pole může být vytvořeno nekonečnou jednotně nabitou plochou. Řekněme, že toto je boční pohled na nekonečnou jednotně nabitou plochu a řekněme, že tato je nabitá kladně . Samozřejmě nikdy neuvidíte pořádný bokorys nekonečné roviny, protože ji nemůžete rozříznout, je nekonečná ve všech směrech, ale řekněme, že tady toto je boční pohled. Předně, přemýšlejme o elektrickém poli. Elektrické pole bude směřovat nahoru. A jak víme, že směřuje nahoru? Protože elektrické pole je v podstatě... jde jen o konvenci. Co by dělal kladný náboj v poli? Pokud je tato plocha kladná, má kladný náboj, bude se chtít dostat od ní pryč. Víme, že elektrické pole směřuje nahoru a víme, Spanish: Usted debe ver mis videos que involucran un poco razonable de cálculo que muestran que puede ser un campo eléctrico uniforme generado por un plano infinito uniformemente cargado. Digamos que esta es la vista lateral de un infinito uniformemente cargar plano y digamos que esto está cargado positivamente. Por supuesto, nunca puede obtener una vista del lado correcto de un infinito plano, porque no puede nunca, tipo de corte porque es infinito en cada dirección, pero digamos que Este es y esta es la vista lateral. Así que ante todo, vamos a pensar en su campo eléctrico. Su campo eléctrico va a punto hacia arriba, y cómo nos ¿sabe que apunte hacia arriba? Porque el campo eléctrico es esencialmente lo es--y esto es sólo una Convención. ¿Qué haría una carga positiva en el campo? Así, si esta placa es positiva, una carga positiva, vamos a querer alejarse. Por lo que sabemos los puntos del campo eléctrico arriba y sabemos que Turkish: kanıtını, geçmiş videolarda sonsuz büyüklükte yüklü levhanın E alanını hesaplarken yaptım. Bu videoyu izleyebilirisiniz. Bu sonsuz levhanın yandan görünüşü olsun. Levhanın pozitif yüklü olduğunu kabul edelim. - Sonsuz levhanın şeklini tabiiki çizemeyiz fakat siz, levhanın her yönde sonsuza uzandığını hayal edin. - Bu levhanın yandan görünüşü. Önce levhanın E alanına bakalım. E alanın yukarı yönde olduğunu nereden biliyoruz? - Böyle olması bir kabul. - Pozitif bir yük bu E alanda nasıl hareket eder? Levha + yüklü, yük de + yüklü öyleyse birbirlerinden uzaklaşırlar. Buradan E alanın yukarı yönde olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Chinese: 恒定电场可以由 无限大均匀带电的平板形成 的视频 我们设这是 无限大均匀带电平板的侧视图 我们设这是正电荷 当然 你们不可能得到 一个无限大平面的侧视图 因为你们不能切割 因为它在每个方向上都是无限的 但是我们设就是这一个 这是侧视图 所以首先 我们想一下它的电场 它的电场应该是指向上方 我们怎么知道指向上方 因为电场实际上是 这只是惯例 在这个电场中 一个正电荷会怎样？ 如果这个平板带正电 一个正电荷 它就会远离平板 所以我们知道电场向上 我们还知道 Thai: คุณควรดูวิดีโอที่ต้องใช้แคลคูลัสนิดหน่อย เพื่อแสดงว่าสนามไฟฟ้าสม่ำเสมอนั้นสร้างได้ จากแผ่นประจุสม่ำเสมอขนาดเป็นอนันต์ สมมุติว่านี่คือมุมมองด้านข้างของแผ่นประจุ อนันต์ที่สม่ำเสมอ และสมมุติว่าอันนี้ มีประจุบวก แน่นอน คุณไม่มีทางเห็นด้านข้างของ ระนาบอนันต์จริงๆ ได้ เพราะคุณไม่สามารถตัดได้ มันเป็นอนันต์ทุกทิศทาง แต่สมมุติว่า มันเป็นอย่างนี้ และนี่คือด้านข้าง ก่อนอื่น ลองคิดถึงสนามไฟฟ้ากัน สนามไฟฟ้าจะชี้ขึ้น และเรา รู้ได้ยังไงว่ามันชี้ขึ้น? เพราะสนามไฟฟ้าก็คือ -- นี่ คือธรรมเนียมนิยม ประจุบวกทำอะไรในสนาม? ถ้าแผ่นนี้เป็นบวก ประจุบวก เราจะอยากไปจากมัน เราจึงรู้ว่าสนามไฟฟ้าชี้ขึ้น และเรารู้ว่า Korean: 약간의 수학으로 균일한 자기장이 균일하게 충전된 무한한 평면에 의해서 생성될 수 있다는 것을 보인 제 비디오를 찾아보시기 바랍니다 이 직선이 균일하게 충전된 무한한 평면을 옆에서 본 모습이라고 합시다 양으로 대전되어 있습니다 당연히 평면을 자르거나 할 수 없으므로 그 넓이가 무한한 평면의 측면을 볼 수 없습니다 모든 방향으로 무한히 뻗어있기 때문이죠 그래도 측면을 볼 수 있다고 합시다 가장 먼저 우리가 생각해 볼 것은 전기장입니다 전기장의 방향은 위쪽입니다 어떻게 알 수 있을까요? 전기장은 근본적으로 그저 약속이기 때문입니다 양으로 대전된 입자가 여기 있다면 어떻게 될까요? 만약 판이 양으로 대전되어 있다면 우리는 입자는 멀리 떨어지려고 한다고 생각하기로 했습니다 이제 우리는 전기장의 방향이 위라는 것을 알고 English: you should watch my videos that involve a reasonable bit of calculus that show that a uniform electric field can be generated by an infinite uniformly charged plane. Let's say this is the side view of an infinite uniformly charged plane and let's say that this is positively charged. Of course, you can never get a proper side view of an infinite plane, because you can never kind of cut it, because it's infinite in every direction, but let's say that this one is and this is the side view. So first of all, let's think about its electric field. It's electric field is going to point upward, and how do we know it points upward? Because the electric field is essentially what is-- and this is just a convention. What would a positive charge do in the field? Well, if this plate is positive, a positive charge, we're going to want to get away from it. So we know the electric field points upward and we know that Bulgarian: прегледай клиповете ми, които включват математически анализ. Те показват, че постоянно електрично поле може да бъде създадено от безкрайна, еднородно заредена плоча. Да кажем, че тук виждаме такава плоча отстрани една безкрайна, равномерно заредена плоча. Да кажем, че тя е с положителен заряд. Разбира се, всъщност няма как да погледнем отстрани, защото няма как да я "срежем". Все пак е безкрайна във всяка една посока. Но все пак приемаме, че гледаме тази плоча отстрани. Първо, да помислим за електричното ѝ поле. То ще сочи нагоре. Откъде знаем това? Това е просто условност за електрическите полета. Какво ще направи положителният заряд в полето? Ами, ако плочата е положителна, тогава този положителен заряд ще иска да се отдалечи от него. Значи знаем, че електрическото поле сочи нагоре, и знаем, че French: vous devriez regarder ma video qui fait appel à un peu de calcul et qui montre qu'un champ électrique uniforme peut être créé par un plan infini uniformément chargé. Disons que c'est la vue de côté d'un plan infini uniformément chargé. Disons que c'est la vue de côté d'un plan infini uniformément chargé. Et disons qu'il est chargé positivement. Bien sûr, on ne peut jamais avoir une vraie vue de côté d'un plan infini, car on ne peut jamais vraiment le couper, puisqu'il est infini dans toutes les directions, Mais disons que c'est possible et que c'est la vue de côté. Donc, tout d'abord, considérons sont champ électrique. Son champ électrique va pointer vers le haut, Mais comment savons nous qu'il pointe vers le haut ? Parce que, par convention la direction et le sens du champ électrique sont déterminés par le mouvement qu'aurait une charge positive dans ce champ. Donc, si ce plan est positif, une charge positive va vouloir s'écarter de ce plan. Donc nous savons que le champ électrique pointe vers le haut Chinese: 恒定電場可以由 無限大均勻帶電的平板形成 的影片 我們設這是 無限大均勻帶電平板的側視圖 我們設這是正電荷 當然 你們不可能得到 一個無限大平面的側視圖 因爲你們不能切割 因爲它在每個方向上都是無限的 但是我們設就是這一個 這是側視圖 所以首先 我們想一下它的電場 它的電場應該是指向上方 我們怎麽知道指向上方 因爲電場實際上是 這只是慣例 在這個電場中 一個正電荷會怎樣？ 如果這個平板帶正電 一個正電荷 它就會遠離平板 所以我們知道電場向上 我們還知道 Bulgarian: е еднородно, и че ако това са векторите на полето, те ще имат еднакъв размер, без значение колко далеч сме от изпочника на полето. Нека избера едно число за силата на полето. Всъщност, ние вече доказахме в тези интересни клипчета за еднородно електрично поле на безкрайна, равномерно заредена плоча, как можем да пресметнем това. Но да кажем просто, че електричното поле е равно на 5 нютона за кулон. Това е доста силно поле, но ни улеснява в изчисленията. Та въпрсът ми е: колко работа ни е нужна за точков положителен заряд – нека взема друг цвят Да кажем, че това е началната позиция. Положителни 2 кулона. Още веднъж, това е огромен точков заряд, но искаме лесни числа за пресмятане. Korean: 균일하다는 것도 압니다 만약 이게 전기장의 벡터 성분이라면 이들은 모두 같은 크기를 가질 것입니다 전기장의 근원에서 아무리 멀리 떨어져도 말입니다 이 전기장의 세기를 선택해보도록 하겠습니다 실제로 우리는 그 멋진 비디오들에서 균일하게 대전된 무한한 평면의 전기장 또한 균일하다는 것을 증명했습니다 여기서의 전기장은 5라고 합시다 단위는 N/C입니다 이건 꽤 큰 숫자인 편입니다 여기서 제가 궁금한 것은 양으로 대전된 입자를 옮길 때에 들게 되는 일의 크기입니다-- 다른 색을 선택하도록 하겠습니다 여기가 시작 위치라고 합시다 양의 값인 2C입니다 다시 한 번 말하지만 이는 매우 큰 값입니다 하지만 간단한 숫자이니 사용하겠습니다 iw: הוא גם קבוע, על כן וקטורי השדה האלה יהיו בעלי אותו אורך, ללא קשר למרחק ממקור השדה. אצייר כמה מווקטורי השדה, כדי לסמן את עוצמתו. בסירטונים שעשיתי בנושא השדה החשמלי האחיד, שמקורו במישור אינסופי הטעון בצורה אחידה, הראיתי איך ניתן לחשב אותו. בואו נגיד שהשדה החשמלי הזה שווה ל- 5 ניוטון פר קולון. זה שדה חזק, אבל זה מפשט את החישובים. השאלה היא: מהי העבודה הדרושה כדי לקחת מטען חיובי - אבחר צבע אחר. נגיד שזאת נקודת ההתחלה. זה מטען חיובי בן 2 קולון. זה מטען גדול, אבל אנו רוצים חישובים פשוטים. Chinese: 它是恒定的 如果畫上場向量 它們的長度應該相等 不管離場源有多遠 我要選一個數 來求出場的強度 實際上在一個無限大平板上産生均勻電場 的有趣影片中 我們已經證明了 怎麽把這算出來的 但是我們設 這個電場等於5牛頓每庫侖 這實際上非常強 但是讓計算簡單 我的問題是 一個正電荷- 要做多少功 我換個顏色 我們設這是開始的位置 這是一個+2庫侖的電荷 同樣的 這是個巨大的點電荷 但是我們想要簡單的數字 要把這個2庫侖的電荷在這個電場中移動3米 Thai: มันคงที่ ถ้าพวกนี้เป็นเวกเตอร์สนาม พวกมันจะมีขนาดเท่ากัน ไม่ว่าเรา จะห่างจากแหล่งแค่ไหน และผมจะเลือกเลขแทน ความเข้มของสนาม เราได้พิสูจน์ในวิดีโอยากๆ พวกนั้นที่ผมทำ เรื่องสนามไฟฟ้าสม่ำเสมอของแผ่นอนันต์ ประจุสม่ำเสมอ เราได้พิสูจน์ไปว่าคุณคำนวณค่าได้อย่างไร แต่สมมุติว่าสนามไฟฟ้านี้เท่ากับ 5 นิวตันต่อคูลอมบ์ มันเข้มทีเดียว แต่มันทำให้คิดเลขง่าย คำถามให้คุณคือว่า มันต้องใช้งานเท่าใดเพื่อพา จุดประจุบวกตัวหนึ่ง -- ขอผมเลือกอีกสีนะ สมมุติว่านี่คือตำแหน่งเริ่มต้น มันคือบวก 2 คูลอมบ์ เหมือนเดิม นี่คือจุดประจุที่มีค่ามาก แต่เราอยากให้เลขมันง่าย Portuguese: é constante, que se estes fossem vetores de campo, que eles seriam do mesmo tamanho, não importa o quão longe fiquemos da fonte do campo. E eu vou escolher um número para a força do campo. Na verdade provamos naqueles videos sofisticados que eu fiz sobre o campo elétrico uniforme de um plano infinito, uniformemente carregado, que de fato você pode calculá-lo. Mas vamos simplesmente dizer que este campo elétrico é igual a 5 newtons por coulomb. Isso é muito forte, mas torna a matemática fácil. Então, minha pergunta pra você é: quanto trabalho é necessário para para uma carga pontual positiva -- deixe-me escolher uma cor diferente. ... Vamos dizer que esta é a posição inicial. é de 2 Coulombs positivos. Mais uma vez, essa é uma carga pontual, mas queremos números fáceis. English: it's constant, that if these were field vectors, that they're going to be the same size, no matter how far away we get from the source of the field. And I'm just going to pick a number for the strength of the field. We actually proved in those fancy videos that I made on the uniform electric field of an infinite, uniformly charged plane that we actually proved how you could calculate it. But let's just say that this electric field is equal to 5 newtons per coulomb. That's actually quite strong, but it makes the math easy. So my question to you is how much work does it take to take a positive point charge-- let me pick a different color. Let's say this is the starting position. It's a positive 2 coulombs. Once again, that's a massive point charge, but we want easy numbers. Czech: že je konstantní, že kdyby toto byly siločáry, měly by stejnou velikost, bez ohledu na to, jak moc jsme se vzdálili od zdroje pole. Vyberu nějakou hodnotu pro intenzitu pole. Dokázali jsme už, ve videích na elektrické pole nekonečné, konstantně nabité roviny, že se to dá spočítat. Ale řekněme, že elektrické pole se rovná 5 newtonů na coulomb. To je vlastně docela silné pole, ale zjednoduší nám to počítání. Moje otázka zní, kolik práce je třeba, abychom vzali kladný náboj ...vyberu jinou barvu... Řekněme, že tohle je počáteční pozice. Plus 2 coulomby. A znovu, je to veliký náboj, ale chceme jednoduchá čísla. Turkish: Levha sonsuz olduğu için E alan sabittir. Yani, E alan vektörleri kaynaktan uzaklığa bağlı olmadan hep aynı büyüklüktedir. E alan büyüklüğüne bir sayı verelim. - - - - 1 Coulomb başına 5 Newton düşsün, yani: E = 5 N/C Bu güçlü bir E alan demek. - - Burası yükün başlangıç konumu. yük = +2C diyelim. - Sorumuz şu: Spanish: es constante, que si estos eran vectores de campo, que van a ser del mismo tamaño, no importa lo lejos obtenemos de la fuente del campo. Y voy a escoger un número para la fuerza del campo. Realmente demostramos en esos vídeos de fantasía que hice en el campo eléctrico uniforme de un infinito uniformemente cargado avión que realmente demostramos cómo podría calcularlo. Pero digamos que este campo eléctrico es igual a 5 Newton por culombio. Que es realmente muy fuerte, pero eso hace fácil las matemáticas. Así que mi pregunta es lo lleve a tomar cuánto trabajo una carga de punto positivo--me deja elegir un color diferente. Digamos que esta es la posición inicial. Es un positivo 2 coulombs. Una vez más, que es una carga masiva de punto, pero Queremos números fáciles. Chinese: 它是恒定的 如果画上场向量 它们的长度应该相等 不管离场源有多远 我要选一个数 来求出场的强度 实际上在一个无限大平板上产生均匀电场 的有趣视频中 我们已经证明了 怎么把这算出来的 但是我们设 这个电场等于5牛顿每库仑 这实际上非常强 但是让计算简单 我的问题是 一个正电荷- 要做多少功 我换个颜色 我们设这是开始的位置 这是一个+2库仑的电荷 同样的 这是个巨大的点电荷 但是我们想要简单的数字 要把这个2库仑的电荷在这个电场中移动3米 French: Et nous savons qu'il est constant. c'est-à-dire que si ce sont des vecteurs de champ. Ils vont être de la même taille, peu importe leur distance par rapport à la source du champ. Et je vais juste prendre une valeur quelconque pour la force du champ. On a en fait prouvé dans ces fameuses vidéos que j'ai faites sur le champ électrique d'un plan infini et chargé uniformément que l'on pouvait calculer la valeur du champ. Mais disons que ce champ électrique là vaut 5 Newtons par Coulomb. C'est en fait plutôt intense, mais les maths en sont facilitées. La question est donc : " combien de travail faut-il fournir pour déplacer une charge positive-- laissez moi prendre une autre couleur pour déplacer une charge positive-- laissez moi prendre une autre couleur Disons que c'est la position de départ. C'est une charge positive de 2 coulombs. Encore ici, C,est énorme pour une charge, mais nous voulons des nombre faciles. Portuguese: Quanto trabalho é necessário para mover esta carga de 2 Coulombs por 3 metros dentro deste campo? Quanto trabalho? Então vamos começar a mover aqui e vamos movê-la para baixo, por três metros em direção à placa, e sua posição final vai ser bem aqui, certo? É quando está terminado. Quanto trabalho é necessário? Bem, qual é a força do campo aqui? Qual é a força exercida sobre esta carga de 2 Coulombs? Bem, o campo elétrico é apenas força por carga, certo? Então se você quiser saber a força do campo nesse ponto -- deixe-me desenhar isso em uma cor diferente. A força do campo agindo sobre ele, vamos dizer que a força do campo... Ou melhor, que a força do campo é igual a 5 Newtons por Coulomb vezes 2 Coulombs, que é igual a 10 Newtons. French: "Combien de travail faut-il fournir pour déplacer cette charge de 2 coulombs de 3 mètres dans ce champ électrique ?" Combien de TRAVAIL? Donc, on va commencer ici et on va la déplacer vers le bas, vers le plan sur 3 mètres, Et sa position finale sera juste ici. Là c'est quand c'est terminé. Combien de travail cela prend-il ? Et bien, quelle est la force du champ à cet endroit ? Quelle est la force exercée sur cette charge de 2 coulombs ? Bon, Le champ électrique est une force par unité de charge, n'est-ce pas ? Donc si on veut connaître la force du champ en ce point --laissez moi prendre une autre couleur. La force du champ agissant dessus, va être égale à 5 Newtons par coulomb multiplié par 2 coulombs, Ce qui donne 10 Newtons. Chinese: 要做多少功？ 多少功？ 所以我們要從這裡開始 向下向著平板移動3米 它的結束點應該在這裡 對吧？ 這是結束點 這樣做多少功？ 這個場給的力是多大？ 對2庫侖電荷的力是多大？ 電場就是每庫侖電荷的力 對吧？ 所以如果要求出這一點的電場力 我換個顏色畫一下 電場作用在它上面的力 所以我們設電場力 或者電場作用的力 實際上 這等於 5牛頓每庫侖乘以2庫侖 就等於10牛頓 我們已知方向向上 Chinese: 要做多少功？ 多少功？ 所以我们要从这里开始 向下向着平板移动3米 它的结束点应该在这里 对吧？ 这是结束点 这样做多少功？ 这个场给的力是多大？ 对2库仑电荷的力是多大？ 电场就是每库仑电荷的力 对吧？ 所以如果要求出这一点的电场力 我换个颜色画一下 电场作用在它上面的力 所以我们设电场力 或者电场作用的力 实际上 这等于 5牛顿每库仑乘以2库仑 就等于10牛顿 我们已知方向向上 Thai: มันต้องใช้งานเท่าใดเพื่อย้ายประจุ 2 คูลอบ์ ไปในสนามเป็นระยะ 3 เมตร? งานเป็นเท่าใด? เราจะเริ่มตรงนี้ และเราจะเลื่อนมัน ลงไปยังแผ่น 3 เมตร และตำแหน่ง จบของมันจะอยู่ตรงนี้ จริงไหม? นั่นคือตอนที่เสร็จแล้ว งานที่ทำเป็นเท่าใด? แรงของสนามตรงนี้เป็นเท่าใด? แรงที่กระทำต่ประจุ 2 คูลอมบ์นี้เป็นเท่าใด? สนามไฟฟ้าก็แค่แรงต่อประจุ จริงไหม? ถ้าคุณอยากรู้แรงของสนามที่จุด นั้น -- ขอผมวาดอีกสีนะ แรงของสนามที่กระทำต่อมัน สมมุติว่าแรงสนาม หรือแรงของสนาม จะ เท่ากับ 5 นิวตันต่อคูลอมบ์คูณ 2 คูลอมบ์ ซึ่งเท่ากับ 10 นิวตัน Turkish: +2C yükünü bu E alan içinde 3m ilerletmek için yapılması gereken iş nedir? - Başlangıçta +2C buradaydı. Levhaya doğru 3m aşağı ilerlettik. Son konumu burası oldu. - Yapılan iş nedir? - +2C yüküne etki eden kuvvet ne? E alanın birim yük başına düşen kuvvet olduğunu hatırlayın. Eğer bu E alanda +2C yüküne uygulanan kuvveti - yani alan kuvvetini bulmak istersek şu şekilde hesap yaparız: F = (5N/C ) X (+2C) F = 10 N bulunur. Bulgarian: Колко работа е нужна, за да преместим този 2-кулонов заряд на 3 метра в това поле? Ще започнем тук и ще го преместим на 3 метра надолу към плочата и крайната му позиция ще бъде ето тук, нали? Тогава сме готови. Колко работа е нужна? Каква е силата на полето ето тук? Каква е силата върху този заряд от 2 кулона? Електричното поле е просто силата, умножена по заряда, нали? Така че, ако търсим силата на полето в тази точка – ще я нарисувам с различен цвят. Силата на полето, което влияе върху нея, всъщност ще бъде равна на 5 нютона за кулон по 2 кулона, което е равно на 10 нютона. Spanish: Cuánto trabajo tarda para mover esa carga 2-coulomb ¿3 metros dentro de este campo? ¿Cuánto trabajo? Así que vamos a empezar aquí y nos vamos a mover hacia abajo hacia la placa de 3 metros, y está terminando ¿posición va a ser de derecha, la derecha? Es entonces cuando se hace. Trabajo ¿cuánto que llevan? Bien, ¿cuál es la fuerza del campo aquí? ¿Cuál es la fuerza ejercida en este cargo 2-coulomb? ¿Bien, campo eléctrico es la fuerza justa por carga, derecha? Así que si quieres saber la fuerza del campo en el que punto--permítanme señalar en un color diferente. La fuerza del campo actuando sobre él, así que vamos a decir el campo fuerza, o la fuerza del campo, en realidad, va a ser igual a 5 newtons por coulomb veces 2 coulombs, que es igual a 10 newtons. iw: מהי העבודה הדרושה כדי להזיז את המטען בן 2 קולון לאורך 3 מטר בשדה הזה? מהי העבודה? נתחיל כאן ונזיז אותו כלפי מטה, לאורך 3 מטר לכוון המישור. הנקודה הסופית תהיה כאן, בסדר? זאת הנקודה הסופית. מהי העבודה הדרושה? למה שווה הכוח שמפעיל כאן השדה? מהו הכוח המופעל על המטען בן 2 קולון? שדה חשמלי זה כוח ליחידת מטען, נכון? אם אנו רוצים לדעת את הכוח שמפעיל השדה בנקודה הזאת - אצייר זאת בצבע אחר. הכוח שמפעיל השדה על המטען, נקרא לו הכוח של השדה, יהיה שווה ל- 5 ניוטון פר קולון, כפול 2 קולון. זה שווה ל- 10 ניוטון. English: How much work does it take it to move that 2-coulomb charge 3 meters within this field? How much work? So we're going to start here and we're going to move it down towards the plate 3 meters, and it's ending position is going to be right here, right? That's when it's done. How much work does that take? Well, what is the force of the field right here? What is the force exerted on this 2-coulomb charge? Well, electric field is just force per charge, right? So if you want to know the force of the field at that point-- let me draw that in a different color. The force of the field acting on it, so let's say the field force, or the force of the field, actually, is going to be equal to 5 newtons per coulomb times 2 coulombs, which is equal to 10 newtons. Korean: 2C의 전하를 이곳에서로부터 아래 방향으로 3m 움직일 때에 필요한 일의 크기는 얼마일까요? 우리는 여기서 시작해서 평면의 방향으로 3미터 움직이는 것입니다 그렇다면 여기까지 오겠습니다 이렇게 하기 위해서 얼마나 많은 일이 필요할까요? 우선 전기장이 주고 있는 힘의 크기가 얼마나 되는지 알아야합니다 2C만큼 대전되어 있는 입자에 주어지는 힘이 어느 정도입니까? 전기장은 전하량 분의 힘이므로 저 곳에서의 전기장에 의한 힘을 알고 싶다면 다른 색으로 그리도록 하겠습니다 전기장이 저기에 주고 있는 힘은 전기장의 값인 5 N/C에 저 입자의 전하량인 2 C을 곱한 값일 것입니다 그 값은 10N이 되겠습니다 Czech: Kolik práce je potřeba k přesunu tohoto náboje 2 coulombů o 3 metry v rámci tohoto pole? Kolik práce? Začneme tady a přesuneme ho směrem dolů k desce o 3 metry a konečná pozice bude tady. Tady budeme mít hotovo. Kolik práce je na to potřeba? Jakou silou působí pole právě tady? Jaká síla působí na tento náboj 2 coulombů? Intenzita elektrického pole je právě síla na náboj, že? Pokud chcete znát sílou, kterou pole působí v tomto bodě... ...nakreslím to jinou barvou... Síla pole, která na něj působí, tato síla se bude rovnat 5 newtonů na coulomb krát 2 coulomby, což se rovná 10 newtonů. Turkish: Kuvvetin yukarı yönde olacağını biliyoruz çünkü aynı işaretli yükler birbirini iter. Öyleyse alan kuvveti yukarı yönde 10N. Bu da şu demek : +2C yükünü aşağı itmek istersek yüke aşağı yönde 10N 'luk bir kuvvet uygulamak zorundayız.. - - Gravitasyonal PE' de olduğu gibi burada da yükü hareket ettirmek için 10N 'dan biraz fazla kuvvet uygulamalıyız. Böylece aşağı yönde çok az bir net kuvvet olur. - - Fakat burada aşağı doğru F=10N alalım ve bu kuvveti +2C yüküne 3m boyunca uygulayalım. +2C yükünü, sonsuz levhanın E alanı içinde 3m ilerletmek için yapılan iş: W = 10N X 3m denkleminden 30 Nm bulunur. Bu da W = 30 joule demektir. iw: אנו יודעים שכוונו כלפי מעלה, כי מדובר במטען חיובי, ובמישור אינסופי הטעון חיובית, אז אנו יודעים שזהו כוח בן 10 ניוטון כלפי מעלה. כדי לדחוף, או למשוך, את המטען הזה כלפי מטה, במהירות קבועה, עלינו להפעיל כוח בן 10 ניוטון כלפי מטה, נכון? כוח בן 10 ניוטון בכוון התנועה. כמו שעשינו עם כוח הכובד, עלינו להפעיל כוח קצת יותר גדול בהתחלה, כדי להאיץ אותו במקצת ואז יש לנו כוח שקול כלפי מטה. אך, לאחר מכן, עלינו לאזן את הכוח כלפי מעלה בלבד. כלומר, יש לנו כוח בן 10 ניוטון כלפי מטה, ומפעילים את הכוח הזה לאורך מרחק של 3 מטר, אז העבודה הנעשית על המטען בן 2 קולון, מכאן לכאן, העבודה שווה ל- 10 ניוטון - זה הכוח - כפול 3 מטר. העבודה שווה ל- 30 ניוטון-מטר, שזה 30 ג'אול. Czech: Víme, že bude směřovat nahoru, protože jde o kladný náboj a toto je kladně nabitá, nekonečná deska, takže víme, že to je síla 10 newtonů a působí směrem nahoru. Abychom dostali tento náboj, stáhli ho dolů, stlačili tady dolů, musíme v zásadě vynaložit sílu 10 newtonů dolů, je to tak? Působit silou 10 newtonů ve směru pohybu. A samozřejmě, stejně jako jsme to dělali s gravitací, musíme toho udělat možná ještě trochu víc pro zrychlení, aby výsledná síla působila dolů. Jakmile to uděláte, musíte zcela vyvážit sílu směrem nahoru. Tak pro naše účely máte sílu 10 newtonů směrem dolů a působíte touto silou na vzdálenost 3 metrů. Práce, kterou jste vykonali pro přemístění náboje 2 coulombů odsud sem, tato práce se bude rovnat 10 newtonů – to je síla – krát 3 metry. Práce se bude rovnat 30 newtonmetrů, což se rovná 30 joulů. English: We know it's going to be upward, because this is a positive charge, and this is a positively charged infinite plate, so we know this is an upward force of 10 newtons. So in order to get this charge, to pull it down or to push it down here, we essentially have to exert a force of 10 newtons downwards, right? Exert a force of 10 newtons in the direction of the movement. And, of course, just like we did with gravity, we have to maybe do a little bit more than that just to accelerate it a little bit just so you have some net downward force, but once you do, you just have to completely balance the upward force. So just for our purposes, you have a 10-newton force downward and you apply that force for a distance of 3 meters, the work that you put to take this 2-coulomb charge from here to here, the work is going to be equal to 10 newtons-- that's the force-- times 3 meters. So the work is going to equal 30 newton-meters, which is equal to 30 joules. Bulgarian: Знаем, че посоката ще е нагоре, защото това е положителен заряд, а това е положително заредена безкрайна плоча, така че знаем, че това е сила от 10 нютона в посока нагоре. За да вземем този заряд и да го преместим надолу дотук, трябва да приложим сила от 10 нютона надолу, нали? Прилагаме сила от 10 нютона по посока на движението. И, разбира се, точно както при гравитацията, трябва ни малко повече сила, за да ускорим масата преди да приложим постоянна сила надолу, но когато направим това, остава просто да балансираме силата нагоре. Разбрахме се, че взимаме сила от 10 нютона в посока надолу и трябва да я приложим на разстояние 3 метра. Работата, нужна за преместване на този заряд 2 кулона от тук до тук ще е равна на 10 нютона – това е силата – по 3 метра. Така че работата ще е равна на 30 нютон-метра, което пък е равно на 30 джаула Portuguese: Sabemos que ela será para cima, porque é uma carga positiva, e esta é uma placa infinita com carga positiva, então sabemos que é uma força de 10 Newtons para cima. Afim de obter esta carga, de puxá-la para baixo ou empurrá-la aqui para baixo, basicamente precisamos exercer uma força de 10 Newtons para baixo, certo? Exercer uma força de 10 Newtons na direção do movimento. E, é claro, assim como fizemos com a gravidade, temos talvez que fazer um pouco mais do que apenas acelerar isso um pouco, só pra você ter alguma força resultante para baixo, mas uma vez aplicada, você só tem que equilibrar completamente a força aplicada para cima. Bom, para os nossos propósitos, você tem uma força de 10 Newtons para baixo e você aplica esta força por uma distância de 3 metros, o trabalho que você coloca para levar esta carga de 2 Coulombs daqui até aqui, o trabalho será igual a 10 Newtons -- essa é a força -- vezes 3 metros. Então a força será igual a 30 Newton Metros, que é igual a 30 Joules. Chinese: 因为这是个正电荷 这是个带正电的无限大平板 所以我们知道这是个向上的10牛顿 所以为了让这个电荷 向下拉或者推到这里 实际上我们要 给一下向下的10牛顿力 对吧？ 向着移动方向用10牛顿的力 当然 就像是重力 我们可能要用略大于10牛顿的力 来让它稍微加速 这样就让它有向下的合力 但是一旦你们这么做 你们只要完全平衡向上的力 为了达到目的 你们要用向下用10牛顿的力 向下推动3米 把2库仑的电荷 从这里推到这里做的功 这个功等于10牛顿 就是这个力 乘以3米 所以这个功等于30牛・米 就是30焦耳 French: Nous savons qu'elle sera dirigée vers le haut, car c'est une charge positive, et c'est un plan infini chargé positivement. Donc nous savons que c'est une force dirigée vers le haut de 10 Newtons. Donc pour déplacer cette charge, pour la pousser ou la tirer jusqu'ici, nous devons éxercer une force de 10 Newtons. Exercer une force de 10 Newtons dans la direction du mouvement. Et, bien sûr, exactement comme avec la gravité, nous devons pousser un tout petit peu plus que cela pour accélérer la charge et avoir une force résultante vers le bas. Mais au moment où on le fait, on doit contrebalancer complètement la force vers le haut. Donc, dans notre cas, nous avons une force de 10 newton vers le bas et nous appliquons cette force sur 3 mètres. le travail que l'on fournit pour déplacer cette charge d'ici à là, est égal à 10 Newtons multiplié par 3 mètres. Le travail va donc être égal à 30 Newtons-mètres, Ce qui est égal à 30 Joules. Chinese: 因爲這是個正電荷 這是個帶正電的無限大平板 所以我們知道這是個向上的10牛頓 所以爲了讓這個電荷 向下拉或者推到這裡 實際上我們要 給一下向下的10牛頓力 對吧？ 向著移動方向用10牛頓的力 當然 就像是重力 我們可能要用略大於10牛頓的力 來讓它稍微加速 這樣就讓它有向下的合力 但是一旦你們這麽做 你們只要完全平衡向上的力 爲了達到目的 你們要用向下用10牛頓的力 向下推動3米 把2庫侖的電荷 從這裡推到這裡做的功 這個功等於10牛頓 就是這個力 乘以3米 所以這個功等於30牛・米 就是30焦耳 Korean: 이 입자가 위 방향으로 운동할 것임을 알 수 있습니다 왜냐하면 입자는 평면과 같이 양으로 대전되어 있기 때문입니다 따라서 벡터가 위를 향하고 10N의 크기를 가졌다는 것을 알 수 있습니다 여기서 대전된 입자를 아래로 잡아 당기거나 끌어 당기기 위해서는 우리는 10N만큼의 힘을 주어야 합니다 10N만큼의 힘을 이 방향으로 말입니다 중력을 배울 때에 했던 것과 마찬가지로 그저 입자를 가속하고 아래방향으로 힘을 주는 것보다는 무언가 더 해야합니다 이렇게 하고 나서 위 방향으로 주어지고 있는 힘에 대해서 평형을 가져야 합니다 이러한 목적으로 여러분은 10N만큼의 힘을 아래방향으로 3m만큼의 거리만큼 주어야 할 것입니다 이 2C짜리 전하를 여기서 아래로 이동시키기 위하여 주어야 할 일의 크기는 힘의 값인 10N에 거리의 값인 3m만큼 곱한 값이 되겠습니다 따라서 일의 크기는 30N·m이자 30J입니다 Thai: เรารู้ว่ามันจะชี้ขึ้น เพราะนี่คือ ประจุบวก และนี่คือแผ่นประจุบวกเป็นอนันต์ เราจึงรู้ว่านี่คือแรงชี้ขึ้น 10 นิวตัน เพื่อให้ได้ค่าเปลี่ยนแปลงนี้ เพื่อดึงมันลงหรือ เพื่อกดมันลงตรงนี้ เราต้องออกแรง 10 นิวตันในทิศลง จริงไหม? ออกแรง 10 นิวตันในทิศที่เคลื่อนที่ แน่นอน อย่างที่เราทำกับความโน้มถ่วง เราอาจต้อง ออกแรงมากกว่านั้นนิดหน่อย เพื่อเร่ง นิดหน่อย คุณจะได้มีแรงลัพธ์ในทิศลง แต่เมื่อคุณทำไปแล้ว คุณต้องรักษาสมดุลกับ แรงขึ้นโดยสมบูรณ์ ในที่นี้ คุณมีแรง 10 นิวตัน ทิศลง และคุณออกแรงเป็นระยะทาง 3 เมตร งานที่คุณใส่ให้ประจุ 2 คูลอมบ์นี้ จากตรงนี้ถึงตรงนี้ งานจะเท่ากับ 10 นิวตัน -- นั่นคือแรง -- คูณ 3 เมตร งานจึงเท่ากับ 30 นิวตัน-เมตร ซึ่ง เท่ากับ 30 จูล Spanish: Sabemos va a ser hacia arriba, porque esto es un carga positiva y esto es un infinito cargado positivamente placa, por lo que sabemos es una fuerza ascendente de 10 Newton. Así que para obtener este cargo, tirando de él hacia abajo o hacia Empuje hacia abajo aquí, esencialmente tenemos que ejercer un ¿fuerza de 10 Newton hacia abajo, el derecho? Ejercer una fuerza de 10 Newton en la dirección del movimiento. Y, por supuesto, al igual que hicimos con gravedad, tenemos que hacer tal vez un poco más que eso para acelerar es un poco justo para que tenga cierta fuerza neta hacia abajo, pero una vez lo hagas, sólo tienes que equilibrar completamente la fuerza hacia arriba. Así que para nuestros propósitos, tiene una fuerza de 10 newton hacia abajo y aplicar esa fuerza para una distancia de 3 metros, el trabajo que pusiste para este cargo 2-coulomb de aquí a aquí, el trabajo va a ser igual a 10 Newtons--que la fuerza--tiempos de 3 metros. Así que el trabajo va a iguales 30 newton metros, que es igual a 30 julios. Chinese: 1焦耳就是1牛頓・米 所以現在我們可以說 因爲花費了我們30焦耳的能量 來把這個電荷從這裡移動到這裡 在這個恒定的電場中 這一點電荷的勢能 相對於這一點電荷的勢能 你們總是要選一個 勢能的基準點 所以相對於這一點的電勢能 這是電勢能 你們可以說相對於P1點 P2點的電勢能 我用了我自創的記號 但是這讓我們意識到這表示什麽 這等於30焦耳 這對我們有什麽幫助？ 如果我們也知道這個質量 我們設這個電荷有質量 Bulgarian: (джаулът е просто нютон-метър). Сега можем да кажем, че тъй като ни отнема 30 нютона енергия, за да преместим заряда оттук дотук в това постоянно електронно поле, потенциалната енергия на този заряд е спрямо заряда тук. Винаги трябва да избираш точка, по отношение на която е потенциала, така че потенциалната електрическа енергия тук по отношение на тук – можем да кажем точка P2 по отношение на P1– сам си измислям нотацията, но така разбираш за какво говоря – това е равно на 30 джаула. А това как ни помага? Ако освен това знаем и масата – да кажем, че зарядът има някаква маса – iw: ניוטון-מטר שווה לג'אול. מכיוון שהשקענו אנרגיה של 30 ג'אול כדי להניע את המטען מכאן לכאן, בתוך השדה החשמלי האחיד הזה, אנו מדברים על האנרגיה הפוטנצילית של המטען כאן, יחסית למטען כאן. צריך לבחור תמיד נקודת ייחוס ביחס אליה מחשבים את האנרגיה הפוטנצילית החשמלית. זאת האנרגיה הפוטנצילית החשמלית ביחס לכאן. אפשר לקרוא לזה P2 ביחס ל- P1. אני משתמש בסימונים שהמצאתי, אך זה מסביר על מה מדובר - זה שווה ל- 30 ג'אול. במה זה עוזר לנו? אם היינו יודעים את מסת המטען - נגיד שלמטען הזה יש מסה מסוימת. Chinese: 1焦耳就是1牛顿・米 所以现在我们可以说 因为花费了我们30焦耳的能量 来把这个电荷从这里移动到这里 在这个恒定的电场中 这一点电荷的势能 相对于这一点电荷的势能 你们总是要选一个 势能的参考点 所以相对于这一点的电势能 这是电势能 你们可以说相对于P1点 P2点的电势能 我用了我自创的记号 但是这让我们意识到这表示什么 这等于30焦耳 这对我们有什么帮助？ 如果我们也知道这个质量 我们设这个电荷有质量 Portuguese: 1 Joule é apenas 1 Newton Metro. E agora podemos dizer que uma vez que foi necessário 30 Joules de energia pra mover essa carga daqui até aqui, que dentro deste campo elétrico uniforme, a energia potencial da carga aqui é relativa à carga aqui. você sempre tem de escolher um ponto relativo onde o potencial está, então energia potencial elétrica aqui relativa à aqui e isso é energia potencial elétrica, e você poderia dizer P2 relativo a P1 -- Eu estou usando a minha notação inventada, mas isso lhe dá uma ideia do que é -- é igual a 30 Joules. E como isso poderia nos ajudar? Bem, se também soubermos a massa -- digamos que esta carga tenha alguma massa. Czech: Joule je to samé jako newtonmetr. A tak teď můžeme říci, protože jsme vydali 30 joulů do pohybu tohoto náboje odsud sem, že v rámci tohoto stejnoměrného elektrického pole, je potenciální energie tohoto náboje vůči náboji zde – vždycky musíte vybrat relativní bod vzhledem k potenciálu – pak elektrická potenciální energie vzhledem k tomuto místu Mohli byste říci P2 vzhledem k P1 – používám vymyšlená označení, ale vy tušíte, o co jde – se rovná 30 joulů. A jak nám to pomůže? No, pokud bychom znali také hmotnost – řekněme, že tento náboj má nějakou hmotnost – Turkish: Çünkü Joule = Newton X metre olarak tanımlanır. +2C yükünü düzgün E elektrik alanın içinde 3m ilerletmek için 30 joule 'a ihtiyacımız var. Ya da yük, başlangıçta 0 joule'a sahipken son durumda 30 joule'luk bir enerjiye sahiptir diyebiliriz. Bulduğumuz potansiyel enerjiler belli bir referans noktasına göredir. Başlangıçtaki elektriksel PE, son durumdakine göre: (bunlara P1 ve P2 diyelim) (Bu notasyon anlama kolaylığı olsun diye uydurduğum birşey) - PE(P1'in P2'ye göre) = 30j olur. Bu sonuç bize nasıl yarar sağlar? +2C yükünün belli bir kütlesi vardır. - English: A joule is just a newton-meter. And so we can now say since it took us 30 joules of energy to move this charge from here to here, that within this uniform electric field, the potential energy of the charge here is relative to the charge here. You always have to pick a point relative to where the potential is, so the electrical potential energy here relative to here and this is electrical potential energy, and you could say P2 relative to P1-- I'm using my made-up notation, but that gives you a sense of what it is-- is equal to 30 joules. And how could that help us? Well, if we also knew the mass-- let's say that this charge had some mass. Thai: จูลก็คือนิวตันเมตร แล้วเราบอกได้ว่า เนื่องจากมันใช้พลังงาน 30 จูล เพื่อเลื่อนประจุจากตรงนี้ถึงตรงนี้ ภายในสนามไฟฟ้าสม่ำเสมอนี้ พลังงานศักย์ของประจุตรงนี้ คือเทียบกับประจุตรงนี้ คุณต้องเลือกจุดเทียบกับตำแหน่ง ของศักย์ พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้า ตรงนี้เทียบกับตรงนี้ และนี่คือพลังงานศักย์ ไฟฟ้า คุณบอกได้ว่า P2 เทียบกับ P1 -- ผมจะใช้ สัญลักษณ์ที่ผมตั้งเอง แต่คุณคงเข้าใจว่า มันคืออะไร -- มันเท่ากับ 30 จูล แล้วมันช่วยเราได้อย่างไร? ถ้าเรารู้มวลด้วย -- สมมุติว่าประจุนี้ มีมวล French: Un Joule est un Newton-mètre. C'est une énergie. Et l'on peut maintenant dire puisque cela nous a pris 30 Joules d'énergie pour déplacer la charge d'ici à là, que dans ce champ électrique uniforme, l'énergie potentielle de la charge ici relative à la charge là.... Il faut toujours prendre un point relatif à un potentiel donné, donc l'énergie potentielle électrique ici relativement à là, et c'est bien une énergie potentielle électrique, Et on pourrait dire P2 relativement à P1-- j'utilise une notation inventée, mais ça vous donne une idée de ce que c'est-- est égale à 30 Joules. Et comment cele peut-il nous aider ? Et bien, si nous connaissions aussi la mass-- disons que cette charge possède une masse. Spanish: Un joule es simplemente un newton metro. Así que ahora podemos decir ya que tardamos 30 julios de energía mover esta encargado de aquí a aquí, que dentro de este uniforme campo eléctrico, la energía potencial de la carga aquí es en relación con el cargo aquí. Siempre tienes que elegir un punto con respecto a dónde la potencial es, así la energía potencial eléctrica aquí relativa aquí y esto es de potencial eléctrico energía y usted podría decir P2 en relación con P1--estoy usando mi notación confeccionada, pero le da un sentido de lo que --es igual a 30 julios. ¿Y lo que nos podría ayudar? Bueno, si también sabíamos que la Misa--digamos que este carga tenía algo de masa. Korean: 1 J은 1 N·m과 같습니다 자 이제 우리는 이 입자를 움직일 때에 30J만큼의 에너지가 든다는 것을 알 수 있었습니다 또한 이 균일한 전기장에 있는 입자의 퍼텐셜 에너지는 이곳에서와 상대적이라는 것도 알 수 있습니다 여러분이 말하는 퍼텐셜에너지는 언제나 다른 위치에서와 상대적인 값입니다 PE가 전기 퍼텐셜에너지라고 한다면 여기에 P2에 대해 상대적인 P1이라고 새길 수 있습니다 제가 만들어낸 표기법이지만 이 값에 대한 의미를 잘 나타내고 있습니다 이 값은 30J이 되겠습니다 이게 어떻게 도움이 될까요? 만약 우리가 질량 또한 알고 있었다고 합시다 이 입자가 질량을 가지고 있다고 가정하겠습니다 Chinese: 我們就知道 如果放開這個物體 過了一段時間它到了這裡 30焦耳應該 實際上 假設沒有能量 轉化成熱量或沒有阻力 我們知道所有的能量都轉化成了這一點的動能 所以實際上 我們可以算出來 我們設 它的質量是1kg 我們放開它 對吧？ 我們用力把它帶到這裡 然後放開它 所以我們知道電場 會讓它向上加速 對吧？ 會給它一個向上的5牛頓每庫侖的力 這個物體就會 不好意思 一直加速 直到這一點 對吧？ 這一點的速度是多少？ 所有的電勢能都轉化成了 動能 所以實際上 我們有30焦耳 Turkish: Yükü, bulunduğu son konumda serbest bırakırsak ve enerji kaybı olmadığını kabul edersek - - yükün tüm enerjisi burada kinetik enerjiye dönüşmüş olur. - yükün kütlesini 1kg kabul edelim ve bu noktadan serbest bırakalım. Bu kütleyi buraya getirmek için bir kuvvet uygulamıştık Şimdi buradan serbest bırakıyoruz. E alan kütleyi yukarı yönde ivmelendirir. E alanın 5N/C olduğunu kabul etmiştik. - kütle bu noktaya gelene kadar ivmelenir. - Bu noktadaki hızı ne olur? Bütün elektriksel PE bu noktada kinetik enerjiye dönüşmüştür. Bu da demek oluyor ki: 30j = kinetic enerji = 1/2 X mv^2 iw: היינו יכולים לדעת שאם נשחרר את המטען, בזמן שהוא מגיע לכאן, ובהנחה שאין שום התנגדות ואנרגיה לא הופכת לחום, אנו יכולים לדעת שכל האנרגיה הזאת נהפכת לאנרגיה קינטית בנקודה הזאת. ואז ניתן לחשב את מהירותו בנקודה. בואו נגיד שהמטען הוא בעל מסה של 1 קילוגרם, ואנו משחררים אותו, בסדר? הפעלנו כוח מסוים כדי להביא אותו לכאן, ואז משחררים אותו. אנו יודעים שהשדה החשמלי יאיץ אותו כלפי מעלה, נכון? הוא יפעיל כוח בן 5 ניוטון לקולון, כלפי מעלה, וזה יאיץ את המטען עד לנקודה הזאת, נכון? מה תהיה מהירותו בנקודה הזאת? כל האנרגיה הפוטנצילית החשמלית הזאת תהפוך לאנרגיה קינטית. אז יש לנו ש- 30 ג'אול יהיה שווה ל- 1/2m French: Nous saurions que si nous lâchons cet object, dans le temps qu'il mettrait pour arriver là, 30 Joules aurait été dépensé -- en admettant que rien n'aurait été dissipé en chaleur ou frottement-- Nous savons que tout serait converti en énergie cinétique à ce moment là. Nous savons que tout serait converti en énergie cinétique à ce moment là. En fait nous pourrions le calculer. Disons qu'il a une masse de 1 kg et que nous le lâchons simplement. Nous avons utilisé un force pour l'amener ici et ensuit nous le lâchons. Nous savons que le champ électrique va accélérer l'objet vers le haut. Il va exercer une force de 5 Newtons par coulomb vers le haut, Et l'objet va continuer--- ---continuer à accélérer jusqu'à ce point. Quelle sera la vitesse en ce point ? Toute cette énergie potentielle électrique va être convertie en énergie cinétique. Donc, nous avons ; 30 Joules qui doivent être égaux à Bulgarian: знаем, че ако пуснем този предмет, до момента, в който той стигне тук, тези 30 джаула ще бъдат кинетичната енергия в тази точка (приемаме, че никаква част от енергията не се е трансформирала в топлина или съпротивление или подобно), цялата енергия ще се превърне в кинетична енергия. Всъщност това ни е достатъчно. Да кажем, че масата е 1 килограм и просто ще я пуснем, нали така? Използваме сила, за да дойде дотук и после пускаме. Знаем, че електричното поле ще я накара да се ускори нагоре, нали ? Ще упражни сила от 5 нютона за кулон в посока нагоре и предметът ще продължи да се ускорява, докато достигне тази точка, нали? Каква ще бъде скоростта му в тази точка? Цялата тази електрична потенциална енергия ще се превърне в кинетична енергия. 30 джаула ще бъдат равни на Spanish: ¿Sabemos que si dejamos ir de este objeto, por el tiempo llegó aquí, que 30 julios sería--esencialmente Suponiendo que ninguno consiguió transmitir al calor o resistencia o lo que sea--sabemos que todo sería en este punto la energía cinética. De hecho, que pudiéramos trabajar. Supongamos que esto tiene una masa de 1 kilogramo y nos ¿fueron sólo desprenderte de él, correcto? Utilizamos alguna fuerza para traerlo aquí abajo, y luego deje que vamos. Sabemos que el campo eléctrico va a acelerar ¿es hacia arriba, a la derecha? Va a ejercer una fuerza hacia arriba de 5 newtons por Coulomb y va la cosa mantener [toses]-- Perdone--mantener acelerando hasta que obtiene ¿a este punto, correcto? ¿Qué va a ser en ese momento su velocidad? Bueno, toda esta energía potencial eléctrica va a se convierte en energía cinética. Tan esencialmente, tenemos 30 julios va a ser igual a Chinese: 我们就知道 如果放开这个物体 过了一段时间它到了这里 30焦耳应该 实际上 假设没有能量 转化成热量或没有阻力 我们知道所有的能量都转化成了这一点的动能 所以实际上 我们可以算出来 我们设 它的质量是1kg 我们放开它 对吧？ 我们用力把它带到这里 然后放开它 所以我们知道电场 会让它向上加速 对吧？ 会给它一个向上的5牛顿每库仑的力 这个物体就会 不好意思 一直加速 直到这一点 对吧？ 这一点的速度是多少？ 所有的电势能都转化成了 动能 所以实际上 我们有30焦耳 Korean: 만약 우리가 여기서 이 입자를 놓는다면 여기까지 왔을 때에 30J이-- 에너지가 열로 변하지 않고 마찰이 없다고 가정할 때에 --30J만큼의 에너지가 여기 와서는 운동 에너지로 변환될 것입니다 이 입자가 1kg만큼의 질량을 가지고 있고 이 위치에서 그냥 입자를 놓을 것입니다 아까는 입자를 여기까지 내리는 데에 힘을 사용하였고 지금은 놓아버릴 것입니다 놓았을 때에 전기장이 이 입자를 위 방향으로 가속시킬 것입니다 전기장은 5N/C만큼의 힘을 위로 작용할 것이고 또한 이 물체는 계속-- 죄송합니다--이 지점에 도달할 때까지 계속 가속할 것입니다 이 지점에 도달했을 때에 속도는 얼마나 될까요? 아까 구했던 전기 퍼텐셜 에너지가 운동 에너지로 전환되는 것입니다 간단히 말해서 30J이 English: We would know that if we let go of this object, by the time it got here, that 30 joules would be-- essentially assuming that none of it got transmitted to heat or resistance or whatever-- we know that all of it would be kinetic energy at this point. So actually, we could work it out. Let's say that this does have a mass of 1 kilogram and we were to just let go of it, right? We used some force to bring it down here, and then we let go. So we know that the electric field is going to accelerate it upwards, right? It's going to exert an upward force of 5 newtons per coulomb, and the thing's going to keep [COUGHS]-- excuse me-- keep accelerating until it gets to this point, right? What's its velocity going to be at that point? Well, all of this electrical potential energy is going to be converted to kinetic energy. So essentially, we have 30 joules is going to be equal to Thai: เราก็รู้ว่าถ้าเราปล่อยวัตถุนี้ไป เมื่อมัน มาถึงตรงนี้ 30 จูลนั้นจะ -- สมมุติว่ามันไม่กลายเป็นความร้อน หรือแรงต้านทาน หรืออะไร -- เรารู้ว่าทั้งหมดนั้นจะ เป็นพลังงานจลน์ที่จุดนี้ ที่จริง เราหาได้ สมมุติว่าวัตถุนี้มีมวล 1 กิโลกรัมและเรา อยากปล่อยมันไป จริงไหม? เราใช้แรงเพื่อดึงมันลงตรงนี้ แล้วเราปล่อยมันไป เรารู้ว่าสนามไฟฟ้าจะเร่ง มันขึ้น จริงไหม? มันจะออกแรงขึ้น 5 นิวตันต่อ คูลอมบ์ และอันนี้จะ [เสียงไอ] -- โทษที -- เร่งต่อไปกระทั่ง ถึงจุดนี้ จริงไหม? ความเร็วจะเป็นเท่าใด ณ จุดนั้น? พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้าทั้งหมดนี้จะ แปลงเป็นพลังงานจลน์ ที่สุดแล้ว เราได้ 30 จูลเท่ากับ Czech: věděli bychom, že pokud tento předmět pustíme, tak v okamžiku, kdy by se dostal sem, by 30 joulů bylo – za předpokladu, že se nic z toho nepřeměnilo v teplo, odpor nebo cokoliv – víme, že toto by byla kinetická energie v tomto bodě. A to bychom vlastně mohli spočítat. Řekněme, že toto má hmotnost 1 kilogram a my to pustíme, ano? Působili jsme silou, abychom to stlačili dolů, pak jsme to pustili. Víme, že elektrické pole to zrychlí směrem nahoru, že? Bude působit silou nahoru 5 newtonů na coulomb a ta věc bude zrychlovat, dokud se nedostane do tohoto bodu, že? Jaká bude rychlost v tomto bodě? Celá tato elektrická potenciální energie bude přeměněna na kinetickou. Portuguese: Saberiamos que se soltássemos esse objeto, no momento em que ele chegasse aqui, esses 30 Joules seriam -- Essencialmente Assumindo que nada disso foi transmitido para o calor ou qualquer outra coisa -- sabemos que tudo isso seria energia cinética nesse ponto. Então na verdade, poderíamos trabalhar com isso. Vamos dizer que isso de fato tem uma massa de 1 quilograma e fossemos soltá-lo, certo? Usamos uma força para trazê-lo aqui pra baixo, e então o soltamos. Sabemos que o campo elétrico vai acelerá-lo para cima, certo? Ele vai exercer uma força para cima de 5 Newtons por Coulomb, e a coisa vai continuar -- desculpe-me -- continuar acelerando até que ela chegue neste ponto, certo? Qual será sua velocidade neste ponto? Toda a energia potencial elétrica será convertida em energia cinética. Então essencialmente, 30 Joules será igual a Chinese: 就等于1/2mv方 对吧？ 我们知道质量 我设是1 所以60等于v方 所以速度等于根下60 所以就是7点几 米每秒 所以如果我只是把电荷拉下来 它的质量是1千克 松开 它就会加速 速度非常快 一旦它到了这一点 不管怎样 这个视频12分钟了 所以下个视频继续 但是希望 这能给你们一种电势能是什么的感觉 实际上 和重力势能 没什么不一样的 只是场的源不一样 再见 Spanish: ¿cuadrado de 1/2 mv, derecho? Sabemos que la masa, dije, es 1, por lo que obtener 60 es igual a v cuadrado, por lo que la velocidad es la raíz cuadrada de 60, por lo que es punto 7 algo, algo, algo metros por segundo. Así que si tire esa carga hacia abajo, y tiene una masa de 1 kilogramo y me deje ir, sólo va a acelerar y va bastante rápido una vez se llega a este punto. De todas formas, soy 12 minutos en este video, por lo que voy a seguir en la siguiente, pero ojalá, le da un sentido de lo que energía potencial eléctrica es, y realmente, tiene ninguna diferente de la energía potencial gravitatoria. Es sólo la fuente del campo es diferente. Nos vemos luego. Korean: ½m·v²과 같습니다 질량 m은 이미 알고 있든시 1kg입니다 60이 m·v²과 같으므로 속도 v는 60의 제곱근과 같습니다 그 값은 7.xxx m/s가 될 것입니다 따라서 제가 만약 질량이 1kg인 저 입자를 아래로 잡아 당기고 다시 놓는다면 입자는 가속할 것이고 이 지점까지 도달했을 때는 꽤 커다란 속도를 가지게 될 것입니다 아무튼 영상이 12분이 넘어갔기 때문에 다음에 계속하겠습니다 또한 전기 퍼텐셜에너지가 정말로 중력 퍼텐셜에너지와 다를 것이 없고 이건 그냥 근원이 다를 뿐이라는 것을 이해하셨으면 좋겠습니다 조만간 또 봅시다 French: 1/2.m.v² . Nous connaissons la masse, 1 kg, donc nous avons : 60 = v² , la vitesse est donc la racine carrée de 60, C'est donc 7 virgule quelque chose mêtres par secondes. Donc, si je tire cette charge vers le bas, et qu'elle a une masse de 1 kg, et que je la lâche, elle va accélérer et elle sera plutôt rapide arrivée en ce point. Bref, je suis déjà à 12 minutes dans cette vidéo, donc je vais continuer dans la prochaine, mais j'espère que cela vous donne une idée de ce qu'est l'énergie potentielle électrique. Et vraiment, ce n'est pas si différent de l'énergie potentielle gravitationnelle. C'est seulement la source du champ qui est différente. À bientôt ! Chinese: 就等於1/2mv方 對吧？ 我們知道質量 我設是1 所以60等於v方 所以速度等於根下60 所以就是7點幾 米每秒 所以如果我只是把電荷拉下來 它的質量是1千克 松開 它就會加速 速度非常快 一旦它到了這一點 不管怎樣 這個影片12分鍾了 所以下個影片繼續 但是希望 這能給你們一種電勢能是什麽的感覺 實際上 和重力勢能 沒什麽不一樣的 只是場的源不一樣 再見 iw: כפול v בריבוע, נכון? אנו יודעים שהמסה היא 1, אז מקבלים ש- 60 שווה ל- v בריבוע, אז המהירות שווה לשורש הריבועי של 60 שהוא בערך 7.7 מטר לשנייה. בסיכום, אם אמשוך את המטען כלפי מטה, ומסתו 1 קילוגרם, ואשחרר אותו, הוא יאיץ למהירות די גבוהה ויגיע לנקודה הזאת. בכל אופן, הסירטון הזה התארך ל- 12 דקות. אמשיך בבא אחריו. אני מקווה שזה נתן לכם תחושה מהי אנרגיה פוטנצילית חשמלית, שאינה שונה מאנרגיה פוטנצילית כובדית. רק מקור השדה שונה. נתראה בקרוב. Bulgarian: ½mv на квадрат, нали? Казахме, че масата е 1, така че 60 е равно на v на квадрат, или скоростта е корен квадратен от 60, така, че е 7 цяло и нещо метра в секунда. Ако дръпна този заряд от 1 кг надолу... И после го пусна, той ще се ускори И ще се движи доста бързо, докато достигне тази точка. Както и да е, вече минаха 12 минути, така че ще продължим в следващия клип. Но дано ти стана ясно какво е електрическа потенциална енергия. Наистина, не е толкова различна от гравитационната потенциална енергия. Просто източникът на полето е различен. До скоро! Portuguese: um meio de "m" vezes "v" ao quadrado, certo? Sabemos que a massa, eu disse, é 1, então nós obtemos 60 é igual a "v" ao quadrado, então a velocidade é a raiz quadrada de 60, que é 7 "ponto alguma coisa" metros por segundo. Então se eu apenas puxasse essa carga para baixo, e ela tem uma massa de 1 quilograma, e eu a solto, ela vai acelerar e estar indo bem rápido, uma vez que ela chegue até este ponto. Enfim, faz 12 minutos que estou nesse video, então eu vou continuar no próximo, mas eu espero que isso lhe dê uma ideia do que é energia potencial elétrica, e realmente não é diferente de energia potencial gravitacional. Apenas a fonte do campo que é diferente. Até breve. ... English: 1/2 mv squared, right? We know the mass, I said, is 1, so we get 60 is equal to v squared, so the velocity is the square root of 60, so it's 7 point something, something, something meters per second. So if I just pull that charge down, and it has a mass of 1 kilogram, and I let go, it's just going to accelerate and be going pretty fast once it gets to this point. Anyway, I'm 12 minutes into this video, so I will continue in the next, but hopefully, that gives you a sense of what electrical potential energy is, and really, it's no different than gravitational potential energy. It's just the source of the field is different. See you soon. Czech: V podstatě máme 30 joulů a to se bude rovnat 1/2 mv na druhou, že? Známe hmotnost, řekl jsem, že je to 1, dostáváme 60 se rovná rychlost na druhou, takže rychlost se rovná odmocnina ze 60, to je 7 celých něco, něco, něco metrů za sekundu. Takže pokud přitáhnu tento náboj dolů, a má hmotnost 1 kilogram, a pak ho pustím, zrychlí a bude se pohybovat pěkně rychle, když se dostane sem. Tohle video má už 12 minut, tak budu pokračovat v dalším. Ale doufám, že vám to pomohlo pochopit, co je elektrická potenciální energie a že se neliší se od gravitační potenciální energie. Jen zdroj pole je jiný. Na shledanou. Turkish: - m =1kg almıştık öyleyse hızı hesaplayabiliriz. v^2 = 60 bulunur. yaklaşık 7,.....m/s Eğer 1kg'lık +2C yükünü bir miktar aşağı itersem sonra da serbest bırakırsam yükün ivmelenerek bu noktaya geldiğini gözlemlerim. Bu videonun süresi doldu sayılır. Umarım elektriksel PE' nin gravitasyonal PE' den çokta farklı olmadığını anlatabilmişimdir. İkisinin birbirinden ayıran alaları oluşturan kaynakların farklı olması. Gelecek videoda görüşmek üzere ! Thai: 1/2 mv กำลังสอง จริงไหม? เรารู้ว่ามวล ผมบอกไปว่าคือ 1 เราจึงได้ 60 เท่ากับ v กำลังสอง ความเร็วจึงเท่ากับ รากที่สองของ 60 มันก็คือ 7 จุดอะไรสักอย่าง เมตรต่อวินาที ถ้าผมดึงประจุนั้นลงมา และมันมีมวล 1 กิโลกรัม แล้วผมปล่อยมัน มันจะเร่งและ เร็วมากทีเดียวเมื่อผ่านจุดนี้ไป เอาล่ะ ผมใช้เวลาไป 12 นาทีแล้ว ผมจะมาต่อ ในวิดีโอหน้า ให้คุณเข้าใจว่า พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้าคืออะไร และจริงๆ แล้ว มันไม่ได้ ต่างจากพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วงนัก แค่แหล่งของสนามต่างกันเท่านั้นเอง แล้วพบกันครับ

Portuguese: 17 de janeiro de 2003 Norte de Londres Um dia de inverno úmido Eu ouço crianças brincando no jardim ao lado do meu Bolhas de sabão flutuam no ar Ela é linda naquela noite nos abraçamos até o sol se pôr Seu cheiro me intoxica Do nada, ela faz uma desculpa e sai Eu sinto que ela tem medo de algo, mas ela não está disposta a falar Fico impaciente Eu nem sei que estou gritando O som está ao meu redor agora Ressoando ainda Como o zumbido do começo do universo e quando chego aos meus sentidos ela se foi English: 17th January, 2003 North London A wet winter's day I hear children playing in the garden next to mine Soap bubbles float through the air She is beautiful that evening we hold each other close until the sun goes down Her smell intoxicates me Out of nowhere, she makes an excuse and leaves I sense that she is afraid of something but she is not willing to talk I get impatient I don't even know I'm screaming The sound is around me now Resonating still Like the hum from the beginning of the universe and when I come to my senses she is gone German: 17. Januar. 2003 Nord London Ein nasser Wintertag Ich höre Kinder spielen im Garten nebenan Seifenblasen schweben durch die Luft Sie ist schön an diesem Abend Wir halten einander fest bis die Sonne untergeht Ihr Geruch betäubt mich Aus dem nichts erfindet sie Ausreden und geht Ich spüre, sie fürchtet etwas aber sie will nicht darüber rden Ich werde ungeduldig Ich weiß nicht mal, das ich schreie Der Klang ist noch um mich er verklingt wie ein Summen vom Anfang des universums Und wenn ich zu Sinnen komme ist sie weg German: Hast Du vom Quatum Suizid Experiment gehört? Ein Physiker Sitzt in einem Stuhl Mit einer Pistole am Kopf Die Pistole is mit einer Machine verbunden die die Eigendrehung der Quantenpartikel misst Immer wenn der Abzug gedrückt wird wird das gemessen Und abhängig von den Messungen Feuert die Pistole oder nicht Wenn das Partikel sich im Uhrzeigersinn dreht Die Pistole wird feuern wenn es sich gegen den Uhrzeigersinn dreht, wird es nicht aber vom Blickwinkel des lebenden Physikers gibt es nur einen einzigen Klick und die Pistole geht nie los Portuguese: Você já ouviu falar do Experimento de Suicídio Quântico? Um físico Senta-se em uma cadeira com uma arma apontando para a cabeça e a arma está ligada a uma máquina que mede o spin de uma partícula quântica cada vez que o gatilho é puxado uma medida é tomada e dependendo desta medida a arma ou dispara ou não se a partícula girar no sentido horário a arma vai disparar Considerando que se ele gira no sentido anti-horário, não vai mas... do ponto de vista do físico vivo há sempre apenas um clique e a arma nunca se apaga English: Have you heard of the Quantum Suicide Experiment? A physicist Sits in a chair with a gun pointing at his head and the gun is attached to a machine that measures the spin of a quantum particle each time the trigger is pulled a measurement is taken and depending on this measurement the gun either fires or it doesn't if the particle spins clockwise the gun will fire whereas if it spins counterclockwise, it won't but... from the living physicist's point of view there's only ever a click and the gun never goes off German: Also, warum Quantum Suizid? Was meinst Du? Wenn der Physiker niemals Stirbt, ist es kein Suizid. Weil jedersmal, wenn das experiment läuft teilt sich das Universum in Zwei Eines, in dem der Physiker stirbt Und der andere, wo er lebt Aus der lebenden Physiker Sicht ist es immer nur ein Klick Aber in allen anderen Universen... gibt es einen toten Körper Willst du diese Session über Arbeit reden? Habe ich gesagt, das sei Arbeit Willst du jetzt über dieses Thema reden? Ich dachte Du findest das interessant. So lang es dir hilft Es hilft mir absolut nicht Sollen wor das Thema wechseln Das interessiert dich nen Dreck, oder? Ehrlich, geagt, ich denke Du gehst besser die Thema an die dir Probleme machen. Erkenne ich... ein wenig Spannung in der Luft, Dr. David? Portuguese: Então, por que o suicídio quântico? O que você quer dizer? Se o físico nunca morre, não é suicídio porque toda vez que o experimento é executado o universo... se divide, em 2 1 em que o físico morre e o outro onde ele mora do ponto de vista dos físicos vivos, só há um clique mas em todos os outros universos ... há um cadáver Você quer usar esta sessão para falar sobre o trabalho? Eu disse que isso foi trabalho? Você quer falar sobre este assunto agora? Achei que você acharia interessante Contanto que você ache útil Eu não acho nada útil Então, vamos mudar de assunto? Você honestamente dá uma merda? Honestamente, acho que seria melhor você resolver os problemas que estão causando problemas Eu detecto .. um pouco de tensão no ar, doutor David? English: So why quantum suicide? What do you mean? If the physicist never dies, it's not suicide because every time the experiment is run the universe... splits off, into 2 1 in which the physicist dies and the other where he lives from the living physicists point of view, there's only ever a click but in all the other universes... there's a dead body Do you want to use this session to talk about work? Did I say this was work? Do you want to talk about this subject now? I thought you'd find it interesting As long as you find it helpful I don't find it helpful at all So shall we change the subject? Do you honestly give a shit? Honestly, I think you'd be better off addressing the issues that are causing you problems Do I detect.. a little tension in the air, Dr David? German: Karl Zunehmend Du untergraben die Konstruktivität Ihrer Sessions mit mir und das wird deinen Fortschritt bremsen oh je Tut mir leid. Vielleicht sollte ich versuchen, ein besserer Patient zu sein. Vielleicht etwas mehr wie Rene Eigentlich, ich dachte gerade warum komme ich hier her? Vielleicht bist du hier, um das herauszufinden. Doktor David Immer die Wahrheit mit dem Absurden ausbalancieren Ich denke, sie wären ein sehr guter Physiker Sag mal... Wie fühlst Du dich, wenn Du hierher kommst? Ich nehm's nicht persönlich Das ist das problem Deshalb funktionert das nicht Portuguese: Karl Cada vez mais Você está minando a construtividade de suas sessões comigo e isso vai segurar seu progresso Ah bem... Eu sinto Muito. Talvez uh talvez eu devesse me esforçar para ser um paciente melhor, não deveria? Talvez um pouco mais como o Rene Na verdade, eu estava pensando ... mais cedo ... Por que eu venho aqui? Talvez descobrir isso seja a razão pela qual você está aqui Dr. David ... sempre equilibrando a verdade com o absurdo Eu acho que você teria feito um físico muito bom Conte-me... como você se sente ao vir aqui? Eu não vou levar para o lado pessoal Esse é o problema com isso é por isso que isso não funciona English: Karl Increasingly You're undermining the constructiveness of your sessions with me and that's going to hold back your progress Oh well... I'm sorry. Maybe uh maybe I should strive to be a better patient, shouldn't I? Perhaps a bit more like Rene Actually, I was thinking... earlier... Why do I come here? Maybe finding that out is the reason you're here Dr David... always balancing the truth with the absurd I think you would have made a very good physicist Tell me... how do you feel about coming here? I won't take it personally That's the problem with this that is why this doesn't work Portuguese: Toda vez que venho aqui e é a mesma coisa é um caminho como isso vai me ajudar? Eu gostaria de ouvir você falando sobre você Não é meu trabalho falar de mim Qual é o seu trabalho então? 1 abaixo, 14 para ir? Você sabe o que? Você está certo Você está certo Essa coisa toda é uma farsa, é uma perda de tempo Você sabe o que devemos dizer às pessoas com sua condição? Não há nada de errado com você Você entendeu? Não há nada de errado com você Dê uma olhada ao seu redor Guerra, fome, doença, pobreza, morte .. claro que você está fodidamente deprimido Felicidade, com tudo o que está acontecendo, agora isso é um estado de espírito irracional Então meu trabalho ... essencialmente, desde que você perguntou ... é dar a volta encorajando as pessoas a serem irracionais, sendo felizes Há quanto tempo você vem armazenando isso? English: Every time I come here and it's the same thing it's one way how is that going to help me? I'd like to hear you talking about you It's not my job to talk about me What is your job then? 1 down, 14 to go? You know what? You're right You're right This whole thing is a farce, it's a waste of time You know what we should tell people with your condition? There's nothing wrong with you Do you get it? There's nothing wrong with you Take a look around you War, famine, disease, poverty, death.. of course you're fucking depressed Happiness, with everything that's going on, now that's an irrational frame of mind So my job... essentially, since you asked... is to go round encouraging people to be irrational, by being happy How long have you been storing that up? German: Jeden Tag komme ich hierher Und es ist dasselbe es ist einseitig Wie soll das mir helfen? Ich möchte mal hören, Daß sie über sich sprechen Es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, über mich zu sprechen Was ist dein Job dann? Einer abgehakt, 14 auf Warteliste Weißt du was? Du hast recht Du hast recht Das Ganze ist eine Farce. Zeitverschwendung Sie wissen, was wir den Leuten mit Ihrem Zustand erzählen sollten? Du hast gar kein problem. Verstehst Du? Du hast gar kein problem. Sieh Dich mal um: Krieg, Hungersnot, Krankheit, Armut, Tod .. Klar bist Du deprimiert Glück - in Anbetrcht von allem, was gerade los ist - das ist ein irrationaler Bewusstseinszustand Also mein Job ... im Prinzip, Leute zu ermuntern irrational zu sein, indem sie glücklich sind Wie lange hast Du das für Dich behalten? German: Sorry, ich... Hallo?! Hallo?! Es ist Erika Erika Maurer Ich bin Renes Schwester Ich weiß, komm herein Du wirst bleiben Du weißt, er hat hier...? Portuguese: Desculpe eu ... Olá?! Olá?! É Erika Erika Maurer Eu sou a irmã de Rene Eu sei, entre Vais ficar? Você sabe que isso é onde ele? English: Sorry I... Hello?! Hello?! It's Erika Erika Maurer I'm Rene's sister I know, come in You're going to stay? You know this is where he? Portuguese: Quanto tempo você está pensando em ficar? Não tenho certeza. Um mês. 6 semanas... Não sei quanto tempo essas coisas levam Acho que vou ter que passar por tudo e ... Veja se tem alguma coisa que eu quero manter Não vai demorar um mês Eu não sei Eu não sei o quão difícil vai ser deixar as coisas dele Você quer que eu fique? Não. German: Wie lange planen Sie, zu bleiben? Ich bin mir nicht sicher. Ein Monat. 6 Wochen... Weiß nicht, wie lange diese Dinge dauern Ich alles durchmachen muss und... sehen ob ich irgendwas behalten will. Es wird nicht einen Monat dauern Ich weiß es nicht Weiß nicht, wie schwer es sein wird Dinge loszulassen Du willst mich bleiben Nein. English: How long are you planning on staying? I'm not sure. A month. 6 weeks... Don't know how long these things take Guess I'm going to have to go through everything and... See if there's anything I want to keep It won't take a month I don't know I don't know how hard it's going to be to let go of his things You want me to stay? No. Portuguese: 3 de junho de 2005 Nossa nova casa Cheiro de tinta fresca O vermelho escuro nos lábios dela Última chance 15 de abril de 1990 Flor de árvore azul brilhante Como flocos de neve Toque suave de H English: June 3rd, 2005 Our new house Smell of fresh paint The dark red on her lips Last chance April 15th, 1990 Bright, blue tree blossom Like snowflakes H's gentle touch German: 13 Juni. 2005 Unser neues Haus Geruch von frischer Farbe Das Dunkelrot auf den Lippen Letzte Chance 15 April. 1990 Hellblaue Baumblüte Wie Schneeflocken H's sanfte Berührung Portuguese: 19 de outubro de 1991 Outono... Caravana do pai dentro quente Correr fora Conte a ela tudo 7 de julho de 1987 Verão quente Saltando no rio com E Pegando peixe em nossas mãos jovens Pare a boceta Este é o Dr. David Wright Desculpe, não posso atender sua ligação, mas não tenho o que você está procurando Eu tenho escutado seus problemas emocionais agora por 10 anos English: October 19th, 1991 Autumn... Warm inside father's caravan Run outside Tell her everything July 7th, 1987 Hot summer Jumping in the river with E Catching fish in our young hands Stop the cunt This is Dr David Wright Sorry I can't take your call but I haven't got what you're looking for I've been listening to your emotional fuck ups now for 10 years German: 19. Oktober 1991 Herbst... Warm in der Karawane des Vaters Rausrennen Ihr alles sagen 7. Juli 1987 Heißer Sommer Sprung in den Fluss mit E Fangen Fische mit unseren jungen Händen Stopp die Fotze Hier ist Dr. David Wright Tut mir leid, ich kann nicht anrufen, aber ich habe nicht was du suchst Ich habe jetzt schon seit 10 Jahren deine emotionalen Ausfälle gehört German: Seit 10 jahren habe ich dir zugehört dir in deinem eigenen Mitleid gönnen und du weißt was ...? Hallo? Hallo? Ist jemand da? Gott... Dorry, hallo... Ist das Doktor Wrights Büro? Doktor Wright hier, ja... Ich dachte nicht... Ich dachte, ich würde die Antworttelefon bekommen, aber... Wer war das? Portuguese: 10 anos ouvindo você chafurdar em sua própria pena de si mesmo e sabe o que ...? Olá? Olá? Tem alguém aí? Deus... Desculpe, olá .. É o escritório do dr. Wright? Dr. Wright falando, sim. Eu não estava esperando ... Bem, eu pensei em pegar o atendedor de chamadas, mas uh Quem era aquele? English: 10 years of listening to you wallow in your own self pity and you know what...? Hello? Hello? Is someone there? God... Sorry, hello.. Is that Dr Wright's office? Dr Wright speaking, yeah. Oh, I wasn't expecting uh... Well, I thought I'd get the answerphone but uh Who was that? German: Wer? Was meinen Sie? Ich bin gerade in England angekommen, um die Sachen meines Bruders zu ordnen O.K. Ich dachte... Wenn wir reden könnten ... Über ... Rene Ist das möglich, oder ...? Ist es gegen die Regeln Ich weiß es nicht Was? Ich bin mir nicht sicher, ich weiß es nicht Wie wäre's mit heute Abend? Ich wollte nicht herumhängen. O.K. Also soll ich jetzt morgen anrufen ? Ja alles klar danke Tschüss Sorry. Hallo? Abwarten Hallo? Portuguese: Quem? O que você quer dizer? Eu acabei de chegar na Inglaterra para resolver as coisas do meu irmão Oh, certo Eu pensei... Se pudéssemos conversar ... sobre ... Rene Isso é possível ou ...? é contra alguma regra ou outra? Eu não sei que? Não tenho certeza, não sei Que tal hoje à noite? Eu não estava planejando ficar por perto. ok, uhm Então eu deveria ligar amanhã então? sim ok então, uhm Obrigado Tchau Desculpa. Olá? Espere Olá? English: Who? What do you mean? I just arrived in England to sort out my brother's things Oh right I thought... If we could talk... about... Rene Is that possible, or...? is it against some rule or other? I don't know what? I'm not sure, I don't know How about tonight? I wasn't planning on hanging around. okay, uhm So I should just call tomorrow then? yeah okay then, uhm Thank you Bye Sorry. Hello? Hang on Hello? German: Entschuldigung Ich weiß nicht, wie ich darüber reden soll Ich kann es noch nicht glauben, und... Wenn ich mich selbst höre, ist es wie ein Traum Nun, das ist normal, denke ich Ich will nur wissen warum... Rene... Niedriger Selbstwert, Depression... Eines der Symptome der bipolaren Person sind dramatische Stimmungswechsel Ich habe die Berichte gelesen Die meisten Menschen mit Depressionen töten sich nicht Ich will verstehen, was Rene anders ampfand Warte Weißt du was das ist? Ich fand es unter seinen Papieren Sieht aus wie eine Liste von Erfahrungen, Erinnerungen Also war es nicht Teil seiner Therapie? Hat Rene jemals über seinen... Missbrauch gesprochen? English: I'm sorry I don't know how to talk about this I can't believe it yet, and.. when I hear myself, it's like a dream Well, that's normal I guess I just want to know why... Rene... History of low self worth, depression One of the symptoms of bi polar disorder is dramatic mood swings I've read the fact sheets but Most people with depression don't kill themselves I want to understand what Rene was feeling that made the difference Hold on Do you know what this is? I found it amongst his papers Looks like a list of experiences, memories So it wasn't part of his therapy? Did Rene ever talk to you about... ...the abuse Portuguese: Eu sinto Muito Não sei falar sobre isso Eu não posso acreditar ainda, e .. quando eu me ouço, é como um sonho Bem, isso é normal, eu acho Eu só quero saber porque... Rene ... História de baixa auto-estima, depressão Um dos sintomas do transtorno bipolar é o humor dramático Eu li os folhetos informativos, mas A maioria das pessoas com depressão não se mata Eu quero entender o que Rene estava sentindo que fez a diferença Aguente Você sabe o que é isso? Eu encontrei entre seus papéis Parece uma lista de experiências, memórias Então não fazia parte da terapia dele? René falou com você sobre ... ... o abuso Portuguese: o abuso? Seu pai abusou sexualmente dele até os 13 anos Eu tenho que ir. Desculpa. Obrigado novamente por se encontrar comigo Erika! Espere, eu estava errado. eu sei Apenas espere um minuto! Rene encontra-se Bem, talvez seu pai também Você conhece meu pai como eu? Você conhece René como eu? Dr. Wright, isso é incrivelmente não profissional Sim. Completamente unbucking profissional Bebida? German: Den Missbrauch? Ihr Vater hat ihn sexuell missbraucht bis er 13 war. Ich muss gehen. Sorry. Danke nochmal für das Treffen. Erika! Warte, ich hatte Unrecht. Ich weiß Also, hor mal... Rene lügt. Dein Vater veilliecht auch Kennst Du meinen Vater so wie ich? Kennst Du Rene so wie ich? Dr. Wright, das ist unglaublich unprofessionell Ja, stimmt. Völlig scheiß-unprofessionell Getränk? English: the abuse? Your father sexually abused him until he was 13 I gotta go. Sorry. Thank you again for meeting with me Erika! wait I was wrong. I know Just wait a minute! Rene lies Well, maybe your father does too Do you know my father like I do? Do you know Rene like I do? Dr Wright, this is incredibly unprofessional Yes it is. Completely unfucking professional Drink? Portuguese: Por que isso importa? O que? Que eu nunca tive a chance de dizer adeus Por que diabos isso importa? Ele está morto Ele se foi Dizer adeus não vai mudar nada Eu realmente gostaria de ter É ridículo Talvez não É o instinto humano. Dizemos olá, nos despedimos Isso é trivial? Talvez seja Desde que ele se mudou para Londres eu dificilmente falei com ele Nenhum de nós fez Rene não sabia como estar perto das pessoas Mas debaixo de tudo ele era um cara bom, ele era um homem de integridade English: Why does that matter? What? That I never had the chance to say goodbye Why the fuck does that matter? He's dead He's gone Saying goodbye isn't going to change anything I really wish I had It's ridiculous Maybe not It's human instinct. We say hello, we say goodbye That trivial? Maybe it is Since he moved to London I hardly spoke to him None of us did Rene just didn't know how to be around people But underneath everything he was a good bloke, he was a man of integrity German: Warum ist das wichtig? Was? Dass ich nie die Chance hatte, mich zu verabschieden Warum, verdammt, ist das wichtig? Er ist töt Er ist weg Auf wiedersehen sagen ändert nichts Ich wünschte, es wäre so. Das ist lächerlich Vielleicht nict Es ist menschlicher Instinkt. Wir sagen Hallo, wir sagen auf Wiedersehen So simpel? Vielleicht ist es so. Seit er nach London gezogen ist, sprach ich kaum mit ihm Keiner von uns Rene war einfach nicht imstande unter Leuten zu sein Aber im Innern war er ein Guter Kerl. Er war ein Mensch mit Integrität German: Wo soll ich ihn hintun? Ich muss was machen mit dem, was übrig ist Verstehen Sie mich? Ich kenne nen Platz Ich zeige ihn dir Wo wir lebten, war ein Fluss. Es war so heiß an diesem Tag Meine Mutter saß am Esstisch und trinkte Tee Und schwitzen Ich dachte, es wären Tränen Mein Bruders and ich stritten übers Fernsehprogramm, deshalb schickte sie uns hinaus. Also gigen wir zu diesem Fluss Und da gab es so nen Platz mit ner Art Wasserfall. Wie von menschen gemacht English: Where shall I put him? I've got to do something with what's left You hear me? I know a place I'll show you There was a river near where we lived It was so hot that day My mum was sitting at the dining room table, drinking tea and sweating I thought it was tears Me and my brother were arguing over the TV channel so she made us go out So we went to this river there was a place where there was like this waterfall like this man-made thing Portuguese: Onde devo colocá-lo? Eu tenho que fazer alguma coisa com o que sobrou Você me escuta? eu conheço um lugar eu vou te mostrar Havia um rio perto de onde morávamos Estava tão quente naquele dia Minha mãe estava sentada na mesa da sala de jantar, tomando chá e suando Eu pensei que era lágrimas Eu e meu irmão estávamos discutindo sobre o canal de TV, então ela nos fez sair Então fomos para esse rio havia um lugar onde havia assim cascata como essa coisa feita pelo homem English: We would just sit under the water and play and... catch little silver fish in our hands and laughing just laughing and laughing and just for a moment that one moment nothing moved My brother went back to the house to get some things to play with in the water I waited German: Wir saßen bloß unter dem Wasser und spielten Und fingen kleine silberne Fische mit der Hand und lachten Einfach bloß lachen und lachen und nur für ein Moment diesen einen Moment bewegt sich nichts Mein Bruder ging zurück ins Haus, um ein paar Spielsachen zu finden fürs Wasser Ich wartete Portuguese: Nós apenas sentávamos embaixo d'água e tocávamos e ... pegar pouco peixe prateado em nossas mãos e rindo apenas rindo e rindo e só por um momento aquele momento nada mudou Meu irmão voltou para a casa para pegar algumas coisas para brincar na água eu esperei German: bis die Schatten die Bäume auf den Fluss fielen die Kälte des Wassers fing an weh zu tun Ich kletterte heraus Zitternd Einfach zitternd Meine Zähne klapperten. Ich konnte es nicht aufhalten So ging ich zurück zum Haus Die langen Schatten schienen alles zu decken Und innen im Haus war es Ruhig So ruhig Ich fand ihm in seinem Zimmer mit dieser Spirale Das Spielzeug, weiß du, wo du einen Stift in das Loch steckst und du machst diese Muster Ich fragte ihn, was passiert ist Er war so still Sagte einfach nichts English: until the shadows of the trees spread across the river and the coldness of the water began to hurt I climbed out was shivering trembling really my teeth were chattering, I couldn't stop it so i went back to the house the long shadows seemed to be covering everything inside the house was quiet so quiet I found him in his room, with the spiral thing you know the toy where you put a pen in the hole and you make these patterns I asked him what happend he was so quiet just said nothing Portuguese: até as sombras das árvores se espalharem pelo rio e a frieza da água começou a doer Eu saí estava tremendo tremendo realmente meus dentes estavam batendo, eu não conseguia parar então voltei para casa as longas sombras pareciam estar cobrindo tudo dentro da casa estava quieto tão quieto Eu o encontrei em seu quarto, com a coisa espiral você conhece o brinquedo onde você coloca uma caneta no buraco e você faz esses padrões Eu perguntei o que aconteceu ele estava tão quieto apenas não disse nada Portuguese: Então desci escadas e ... me fiz uma bebida Helen, Cristo! Estou indo embora Ouça, me desculpe Eu gosto de você, dr. Wright mas isso nunca iria funcionar está bem English: So i went down stairs and... made myself a drink Helen, Christ! I'm leaving Listen, I'm sorry I like you Dr Wright but this was never going to work it's okay German: Also ging ich die Treppe hinunter und ... Machte mir einen Drink Helen, Lieber Gott! Ich gehe Hör mal, tut mir leid Ich mag Dich, Dr Wright. aber das konnte von Anfang an nicht klappen. Kein problem English: I've never been so happy in all my life and I know why Helen... I want to thank you I'm not sure what for For killing me the bad me You really don't know how clever you are, do you? Look, I think we need to talk about this Another time At least let me refer you to another therapist, then, I need to do that No No more therapists German: Ich war noch nie im Leben so Glücklich and ich weiß warum Helen Ich möchte dir danken Ich bin mir nicht sicher, wofür Mich umzubringen Mein schlectes Ich Du weißt wirklich nicht, wie klug du bist, oder? ich denke, darüber müssen wir reden Einander mal Dann lass mich dich wenigstens zu einmem anderen Therapeuten überweisen Nein Keine Therapeuten mehr Portuguese: Eu nunca fui tão feliz em toda minha vida e eu sei porque Helen ... eu quero agradecer-te Eu não tenho certeza do que para Por me matar o mal de mim Você realmente não sabe o quão inteligente você é, não é? Olha, acho que precisamos conversar sobre isso Outra hora Pelo menos deixe-me encaminhá-lo para outro terapeuta, então, eu preciso fazer isso Não Não mais terapeutas Portuguese: Doutor, eu não estou bem Helen Silly Helen German: Doctor, mir geht's nicht gut Helen Dumme Helen English: Doctor, I'm not well Helen Silly Helen Portuguese: 17 de abril de 1998 Cheiro da areia molhada Som do mar, gentil contra a costa Pai irritado Mãe escondendo tudo 25 de dezembro de 1993 Manhã fria Puxando todas as minhas roupas e meu casaco sem aquecimento, sem presentes, sem pai 17 de abril de 1998 Cheiro da areia molhada English: April 17th, 1998 Smell of the wet sand Sound of the sea, gentle against the shore Dad angry Mum hiding everything December 25th, 1993 Cold morning Pulling on all my clothes and my coat no heating, no presents, no dad April 17th, 1998 Smell of the wet sand German: 17. April 1998 Geruch von nassem Sand Klang des Meeres, sanft gegen das Ufer Papa wütend Mama versteckt alles 25. Dezember 1993 Kalter morgen Ich ziehe mir alle Kleider und meinen mantel an. Keine Heizung, keine Geschenke, kein Vater 17. April 1998 Geruch von nassem Sand German: Klang des Meeres, sanft gegen das Ufer Papa wütend 2. November 2001 Zitternd, auf den Bus warten Fahrer sehen uns zu Hallo? 15. August 2009 Portuguese: Som do mar, gentil contra a costa Pai irritado 2 de novembro de 2001 Tremendo, esperando pelo ônibus motoristas nos observando Olá? 15 de agosto de 2009 English: Sound of the sea, gentle against the shore Dad angry November 2nd, 2001 Shivering, waiting for the bus drivers watching us Hello? August 15th, 2009 Portuguese: indo conhecer Lee de repente chove subindo a colina até a estação está tudo certo com o mundo Estou procurando por.. Helen? sim ela não está aqui Eu tenho a bolsa dela tem coisas pessoais nele Você gosta de deixar ou não? Você decide Talvez eu a veja amanhã Talvez. German: Ich werede Lee treffen. Es regnet plötzlich. Den Hügel zum Bahnhof raufgerrant Die welt ist völlig in Ordnung Ich suche... Helen? Ja Sie ist nicht hier Ich habe ihre Tasche Es hat persönliche Dinge darin Sie wollen es verlassen oder nicht? Wie Sie wollen Vielleicht sehe ich sie morgen Vielleicht English: going to meet Lee it suddenly rains running up the hill to the station everything is right with the world I'm looking for.. Helen? yeah she's not here I've got her bag its got personal things in it You like to leave it, or not? It's up to you Maybe I'll see her tomorrow Maybe. German: Hallo? English: Hello? Portuguese: Olá? Portuguese: Você sabe o que me incomoda English: You know what bothers me German: Du weißt, was mich stört German: Es geht um Evolution Ich verstehe nicht, warum sich eine Kreatur entwickeln würde Mit der Fähigkeit, die Sinnlosigkeit ihrer eigenen Existenz zu begreifen Macht keinen Sinn weil... Es ist nicht die Art von Dingen, die Ihnen einen Vorteil gegenüber Ihren Mitbewerbern geben würde Bist du in Ordnung? Möchten Sie darüber reden? Nein Ich habe über Helen gehört Es war auf den lokalen Nachrichten und Du wurden erwähnt Und Rene. Sie hatte diesen wissenden Ausdruck Fast ein Lächeln Und es war wie English: It's to do with evolution I don't understand why a creature would evolve with the ability to comprehend the futility of its own existence doesn't make sense because... it isn't the kind of thing that would give you an advantage over your competitors Are you ok? Would you like to talk about it? No Look, I heard about Helen it was on the local news and uhm you were mentioned as well as Rene She had this knowing look almost a smile and it was like Portuguese: Tem a ver com evolução Eu não entendo porque uma criatura evoluiria com a capacidade de compreender a futilidade de sua própria existência não faz sentido Porque... não é o tipo de coisa que lhe daria uma vantagem sobre seus concorrentes Você está bem? Você gostaria de falar sobre isso? Não Olha, eu ouvi falar da Helen foi no noticiário local e uhm você foi mencionado bem como Rene Ela tinha esse olhar de conhecimento quase um sorriso e foi como German: Sie konnte in den tiefsten Teil deiner Seele sehen Es tut mir wirklich leid für dich, David Keine sorge Beeinflusst das nicht deine Praxis? Was sagtest du über das Gleichgewicht von Wahrheit und dem Absurden? Ich habe keine Praxis, Karl, es ist vorbei Was wirst du machen? Wer sagt, ich muss etwas machen? Wenn das dann die Situation ist ... ist es aus Das ist das Ende Vielleicht ist das, was ich will Ich kannte mal so nen Typen Wir studierten zusammen an der U.C.L Und er war brillant aber Er konnte sich nicht mehr als etwa 5 Minuten konzentrieren Und sie waren eine tolle 5 Minuten English: she could see into the deepest part of your soul I'm really sorry for you, David Don't worry Doesn't this effect your practice? What was that you were saying about balancing the truth with the absurd? I have no practice, Karl, it's finished What will you do? Who says I have to do anything? If that's the case then... this is it it's over, this is the end Maybe that's what I want I knew this guy once we were students together at the UCL and he was brilliant but... he couldn't concentrate for more than about 5 minutes and they were an awesome 5 minutes, at that Portuguese: ela podia ver a parte mais profunda da sua alma Eu sinto muito por você, David Não se preocupe Isso não afeta sua prática? O que você estava dizendo sobre equilibrar a verdade com o absurdo? Eu não tenho prática, Karl, acabou O que você vai fazer? Quem disse que tenho que fazer alguma coisa? Se for esse o caso, então ... é isso acabou, este é o fim Talvez seja o que eu quero Eu conheci esse cara uma vez nós éramos estudantes juntos na UCL e ele foi brilhante mas... ele não conseguia se concentrar por mais de 5 minutos e eles foram incríveis 5 minutos, naquele Portuguese: mas então ele iria atrás de uma garota, ou sair com seus amigos do waster e então ele descobriu que tinha câncer em suas bolas e espalhou Agora ele tem um ano e está dormindo 2 horas por noite trabalhando como um louco e eu disse a ele "você é louco, você tem uma desculpa para a festa" e tudo o que você quer fazer é trabalhar e ele disse "Eu não quero deixar este mundo com má reputação" German: Aber dann würde er ein Mädchen verjagen oder Zeit mit seinen faulen Freunden verbringen Dann fand er heraus, dass er Krebs hatte In seinen Hoden Und es verbreitete sich Jetzt hat er ein Jahr zu leben und er schläft 2 Stunden pro Nacht Arbeite wie ein Wahnsinniger Und ich sagte zu ihm "Du spinnst. Du hast ne Chance für ne Party" "Und alles, was du tun willst, ist Arbeit" Und er sagte: "Ich möchte diese Welt nicht mit einem schlechten Ruf verlassen" English: but then he'd be off chasing a girl, or hanging out with his waster friends and then he found out he had cancer in his balls and it spread Now he has a year left and he's sleeping 2 hours a night working like a madman and I said to him "you're crazy, you've got an excuse to party" and all you want to do is work and he said "I don't want to leave this world with a bad reputation" Portuguese: Oi sim. Eu queria saber se você poderia me falar um pouco mais sobre o que você faz Eu sofri toda a minha vida com arrepios Formigamentos! eles costumavam me deixar louco! Eu tentei de tudo o médico diz que está tudo lá em cima Eu estava imaginando mas é físico você não imagina algo físico algo que é tão real quanto você é German: Hallo, ja. Konnten sie mir vielleicht etwas davon erzählen, was sie machen. Ich habe mein ganzes Leben mit Kribbeln erlitten Kribbeln! Machte mich total verrückt Ich habe alles versuch Der Arzt sagt, "es ist alles da oben". Ich habe es mir vorgestellt Aber es ist körperlich Du stellst dir nichts körperliches vor Etwas, das so real ist wie du bist English: hi, yes. I was wondering if you could tell me a bit more about what you do I suffered all my life with tingles Tingles! they used to drive me crazy! I tried everything the doctor say its all up there I was imagining it but it's physical you don't imagine something physical something that's as real as you are English: what were we saying? Did you ever treat a woman called Helen Jackson? tingles I was telling you about the tingles After a long time a long time years and years I met a man, he said "Tingles is in your subconscience" "and we need to find it" "traumatic memories living in your mind like a parasite" "It could be from this life or another life" "we don't know" ad that's how I found out about the treatment The treatment Did this treatment involve making a list of memories? German: Was haben wir gesagt Hast du jemals eine Frau namens Helen Jackson behandelt? Kribbelt Ich erzählte dir von den Kribbeln Nach einer langen Zeit eine lange Zeit Jahre und Jahre Ich traf einen Mann, sagte er "Tingles ist in deinem Unterbewusstsein" "Und wir müssen es finden" "Traumatische Erinnerungen, die in deinem Bewusstsein leben wie ein Parasit" "Es könnte aus diesem Leben oder einem anderen Leben sein" "Das wissen wir nicht" Und dadurch habe ich von dieser Behandlung gehört Die Behandlung Beinhalten diese Behandlung, eine Liste der Erinnerungen zu machen? Portuguese: o que estávamos dizendo? Alguma vez tratou uma mulher chamada Helen Jackson? formigamentos Eu estava contando sobre os arrepios Depois de muito tempo muito tempo anos e anos Eu conheci um homem, ele disse "Tingles está no seu subconsciente" "e precisamos encontrá-lo" "memórias traumáticas vivendo em sua mente como um parasita" "Poderia ser desta vida ou outra vida" "não sabemos" anúncio que é como eu descobri sobre o tratamento O tratamento Esse tratamento envolveu fazer uma lista de lembranças? Portuguese: O que é que foi isso? Você é parasita, David Você tem vermes. Vermes da mente O que aconteceu com Helen? O que aconteceu com Helen, sim! Nós precisamos descobrir Abra algumas portas e olhe para dentro Ela era alguém perto de você? Não Voce é helen mas não nesta vida Você tem banheiro? Cuidado! Eh! Cuidado! English: What was that? Those are you parasite, David You've got worms. Worms of the mind What happened to Helen? What happened to Helen, yes! We need to find out Open some doors and look inside Was she someone close to you? No You are Helen but not in this life Do you have a bathroom? Careful! Eh! Careful! German: Was war das? Das ist dein Parasit, David Du hast Würmer. Würmer des Geistes Was ist mit Helen passiert? Was ist mit Helen passiert - Ja! Wir müssen es herausfinden Öffne ein paar Türen und gehe in Dich. War sie jemand, der dir nahe stand? Nein Du bist Helen Aber nicht in diesem leben Hast du ein Badezimmer? Vorsichtig! Eh! Vorsichtig! German: Hallo, ich suche jemanden namens Pablo Nein, nicht hier Ich suche jemanden namens Pablo! Portuguese: Oi eu estou procurando alguém chamado Pablo Não aqui Estou procurando alguém chamado Pablo! English: Hi, I'm looking for someone called Pablo No, not here I'm looking for someone called Pablo! German: Können wir reden? Nein Nicht hier Was willst du?! Ich möchte wissen, was Helen beteiligt war Sie ist nicht mehr mein Problem English: Can we talk? No Not here What do you want?! I want to know what Helen was involved in She's not my problem any more Portuguese: Podemos conversar? Não Aqui não O que você quer?! Eu quero saber o que Helen estava envolvido em Ela não é mais meu problema English: You made sure of that That's right, it was her choice Who are you, anyway? He choice? That's right, her choice Who the hell are you? A concerned friend Well, Helen's friend please do not bother me, any more for me that is all in the past now I'm not going to let this happen to anyone else what did she tell you? wait a minute It's all in here All I want to know is-- You tell that fucking bitch if she or any of her boyfriends bothers me again I will fucking kill them German: Dafür hast du gesorgt Genau, sie wollte es so Wer bist du, überhaupt Es war ihre Wahl? Genau, ihre Wahl We zum Teuful bist du? Ein besorgter Freund Na schön, Helens Freund Bitte störe mich nicht mehr für mich Das ist alles in der Vergangenheit jetzt Ich werde das niemandem passieren lassen Was hat sie dir gesagt? warte Mal Es ist alles hier drin Alles was ich wissen will ist - Sag der scheißhure Wenn sie, oder einer ihrer Freunde mich mich nochmal nervt werd ich die schießkillen Portuguese: Você se certificou disso É isso mesmo, foi a escolha dela De qualquer modo, quem é você? Ele escolha? Isso mesmo, a escolha dela Quem diabos é você? Um amigo preocupado Bem, amigo de Helen por favor não me incomoda mais para mim isso é tudo no passado agora Eu não vou deixar isso acontecer com mais ninguém o que ela te disse? espere um minuto Está tudo aqui Tudo o que eu quero saber é Você diz essa cadela do caralho se ela ou algum de seus namorados me incomodar novamente Eu vou matá-los Portuguese: Teresa Podemos conversar? estou cansado Teresa Ela é nada OK eu prometo. Eu sei como deve ter parecido e ... German: Teresa Können wir reden? Ich bin müde Teresa Sie ist nichts Ok? Versprochen. Ich weiß, wie es aussah und... English: Teresa Can we talk? I'm tired Teresa She's nothing Ok, I promise. I know how it must have looked and... German: Ich weiß was du wahrscheinlich denkst aber ... Wirklich, es war Nur ein Moment der Verrücktheit und ... Weiß nicht, was ich gedacht habe, aber ... na ja es ist fertig. Sie weiß, daß nichts daraus wird Und sie weiß ... daß ich sehr happy mit dir bin Ich weiß nicht, wovon du redest Ich rede darüber, was du heute gesehen hast Ich hab heute nichts gesehen, als das Nachmittagsprogramm Ich lag mit Grippe im Bett Teresa Portuguese: Eu sei o que você deve estar pensando, mas ... Realmente foi ... Apenas um momento de loucura e ... Eu não sei o que eu estava pensando, mas ... olha é está pronto. Ela sabe que nada vai acontecer e ela sabe ... você sabe, eu sou ... totalmente feliz com você Eu não sei do que você está falando Eu estou falando sobre o que você viu hoje Tudo o que vi hoje foi a televisão durante o dia e alguns filmes antigos Eu estive na cama com gripe Teresa English: I know what you must be thinking but... Really it was... Just a moment of craziness and... I don't know what I was thinking but... look its it's finished. She knows nothing's going to happen and she knows... you know, I'm... totally happy with you I don't know what you're talking about I'm talking about what you saw today All I saw today was daytime TV and some old movies I've been in bed with the flu Teresa Portuguese: Eu vi você e você me viu Estou dizendo a você Eu não saí de casa Talvez seja sua consciência brincando com você English: I saw you and you saw me I'm telling you I have not left the house Maybe it's your conscience playing tricks with you German: Ich sah Dich und Du mich Wie ich schon sagte Ich war nicht aus dem Haus Wielleicht trickst Dich einfach Dein Gewissen aus German: Iss David. Iss English: Eat David. Eat Portuguese: Comer David. Comer Portuguese: Isso é Rene Eu pensei que você ia colocá-lo no parque Não quer que eu Eu sinto Muito Ele não quer que eu Ele me disse Quando ele te contou? Bem, não com palavras Não com palavras ... É mais forte que palavras Você nunca pode estar certo de que palavras significam mas com um sentimento ... então você sabe Que sentimento? De onde vem o sentimento? Eu não preciso de análise, David Eu não estou analisando você. Eu estou perguntando a você, o Rene estava envolvido em alguma coisa? algo incomum? Ele já mencionou fazer parte de uma organização ou algo assim? Não Como uma terapia sonora incomum ou um grupo de auto-ajuda? Não English: That's Rene I thought you were going to put him in the park Doesn't want me to I'm sorry He doesn't want me to He told me When did he tell you? Well, not with words Not with words... It's stronger than words You can never be certain what words mean but with a feeling... then you know What feeling? Where's the feeling come from? I don't need analysis, David I'm not analysing you. I'm asking you, was Rene involved in something? something unusual? Did he ever mention being part of an organisation or something? No Like an unusual sounding therapy or self-help group? No German: Das ist Rene Ich dachte, du wolltest ihn in den Park bringen Er wollte das nicht Es tut mir Leid Er wollte das nicht Er sagte mir Wann hat er dir gesagt? Nun, nicht mit Worten Nicht mit Worten ... Es ist stärker als Worte Sie können nie sicher sein, was Worte bedeuten Aber mit einem Gefühl ... Dann weißt du Welches Gefühl? Woher kommt das Gefühl? Ich brauche keine Analyse, David Ich analysiere dich nicht Ich frage dich, war Rene in etwas involviert? etwas Ungewöhnliches? Hat er jemals erwähnen, Teil einer Organisation zu sein oder so? Nein Wie eine ungewöhnliche therapie oder Selbsthilfegruppe? Nein Portuguese: E as coisas dele? Erika! O que?! E as coisas dele? Quando você passou por isso, você encontrou algum telefone nubers ou endereços que eram incomuns? Haverá registros Como com seu celular e seus dados bancários Eu não sei Você olhou? Não eu acho que você deveria Eu acho que você deveria perguntar a eles. Diga que você está amarrando sua propriedade e você precisa saber se ele comprou alguma coisa significativa ultimamente David, não Por que não? Está no passado Você não quer descobrir a verdade Ele estava infeliz É por isso que ele fez o que fez Quem vai dizer que ele estava errado? Eu só quero seguir em frente English: What about his things? Erika! What?! What about his stuff? When you went through it did you find any phone nubers or addresses that were unusual? There'll be records Like with his mobile phone and his bank details I don't know Did you look? Nope I think you should I think you should ask them. Say that you're tying up his estate and you need to know if he bought anything significant lately David, no Why not? It's in the past You don't want to find out the truth He was unhappy That's why he did what he did Who's to say he was wrong? I just want to move on German: Was ist mit seinen Sachen? Erika! Was?! Also du sie sortiertest, sind dir da seltsame Adressen oder Telefonnummern aufgefallen? Es muss Aufzeichnungen geben Wie bei Handys und Kontodaten Weiß ich nicht Hast Du nachgesehen? Nein Solltest Du aber Ich denke, du solltest sie fragen. Sag, Du sortierst gerade sein Erbe und mußt wissen... ob er kürtzlich irgendwas Wichtiges gekauft hat David, nein Warum nicht? Es ist in der Vergangenheit Du willst die Wahrheit nicht wissen Er war unglücklich Deshalb tat er, was er tat Wer kann sagen, dass er falsch war? Ich mag einfach weitergehen English: can you please allow me to move on? David? David! David no! What the hell are you doing?! You can't have it both ways Erika! No! Give him to me! He's still here! No he's not, he's dead! No no, he's watching! The phone! Everything! NO! For fuck's sake Portuguese: você pode por favor me permitir seguir em frente? David? David! David não! Que diabos está fazendo?! Você não pode ter as duas coisas Erika! Não! Dá ele pra mim! Ele ainda está aqui! Não, ele não é, ele está morto! Não não, ele está assistindo! O telefone! Tudo! NÃO! Pelo amor de Deus German: Darf ich bitter weitergehen David? David! David nein! Verdammt, was machst, du! Du kannst nicht beides haben, Erika! Nein! Gib mehr das her! Er ist immernoch hier! Nein, ist er nicht. Er ist tot! Nein nein! Er beobachtet uns! Das telefon! Alles! Das ist er! Nein! Oh verdammt nochmal. English: He wants us to call it. It's not a phone number This life's a mystery So why shouldn't there be another mystery after it? Rene is still here I can feel him If I dial this number and get anything other than unrecognised then... then everything I know about this world is wrong German: Er will, dass wir es anrufen. Es ist keine Telefonnummer Dieses Leben ist ein Mysterium Warum sollte dann noch ein Mysterium danach kommen? Rene ist noch da Ich kann ihn fühlen Wenn ich diese Nummer wähle und sie existiert ... Dann ist alles falsch, was ich von dieser welt weiß. Portuguese: Ele quer que chamemos isso. Não é um número de telefone Esta vida é um mistério Então, por que não deveria haver outro mistério depois disso? Rene ainda está aqui Eu posso senti-lo Se eu discar este número e conseguir algo diferente de não reconhecido, então ... então tudo que eu sei sobre este mundo está errado German: Reiseziele Mit wem spreche ich? Weißt du das nicht Ich bin mir nicht sicher Auf Wiedersehen warten sie Scheiße! Ich warte Jemand gab mir deine Nummer. Sie sagten, Sie könnten mir helfen Wie kann ich dir helfen? Ich ziehe es vor, am Telefon nicht zu sprechen. Können wir uns vielleicht persönlich treffen? Woher haben Sie diese Nummer? Sie wollten nicht, dass ich ihnen das sage Das ist nicht richtig. Auf Wiedersehen Karl.. Karl! Hallo? Sind Sie bereit? Ja Erster Kontakt. 49 Troy Gardens. 30 Minuten Komm herein English: Destinations Who am I talking to? Don't you know? I'm not sure Goodbye wait Fuck! I'm waiting Someone I know gave me your number. They said you might be able to help How can I help you? I prefer not to talk about it on the phone. Can we maybe meet in person? Who gave you this number? They said they didn't want me to tell you This is not correct. Goodbye Karl.. Karl! Hello? Are you ready? Yes First Contact. 49 Troy Gardens. 30 minutes Come in Portuguese: Destinos Com quem estou falando? Você não sabe? Não tenho certeza Adeus esperar Porra! estou esperando Alguém que eu conheço me deu seu número. Eles disseram que você poderia ajudar Como posso ajudá-lo? Eu prefiro não falar sobre isso no telefone. Podemos nos encontrar pessoalmente? Quem te deu esse número? Eles disseram que não queriam que eu te contasse Isso não está correto. Adeus Karl ... Karl! Olá? Você está pronto? sim Primeiro contato. 49 Jardins Troy. 30 minutos Entre German: Bitte Also Du verlässt heute Glückwünsche Ich bin eifersüchtig Ich wäre dieses jahr gegangen, aber uh... Keines meiner Reiseziele war Bisher stark genug Na dann Machen wir Dich bereit Du weißt, du kannst nichts mit dir nehmen, oder? Alles was du brauchst ist deine Reiseziele Übrigens, ewarte nicht deine erste Wahl Manchmal ist es der Ort, den man am wenigsten erwartet als der stärkste Wofür ist das Sicherheit Eher Deine als ihre Auch ich weiß nicht, woher sie uns schicken Vergiss es! Aber du warst einverstanden ich habs nicht kapiert Leg Dich nicht mit ihnen an Portuguese: Por favor Assim... Você está saindo hoje Parabéns Você sabe, eu sou ciumento Eu estava esperando para ir este ano, mas uh .. até agora nenhum dos meus destinos tem sido forte o suficiente Certo Vamos te preparar Você sabe que não pode levar nada com você, certo? Tudo que você precisa são seus destinos Não espere para ir a sua primeira escolha Às vezes é o lugar que você menos espera acaba por ser o mais forte Para que servem? Segurança Mais sua do que deles Mesmo eu não sei de onde eles nos mandam Esqueça! Mas você concordou eu entendi errado Não mexa com eles English: Please So... You're leaving today Congratulations You know, I'm jealous I was hoping to go this year but uh.. so far none of my destinations have been strong enough Right Let's get you ready You know you can't take anything with you, right? All you need is your destinations Don't expect to go to your first choice either Sometimes it's the place that you least expect turns out to be the strongest What are they for? Security More yours than theirs Even I don't know where they send us from Forget it! But you agreed I misunderstood Don't mess them about German: Es ist aus. Vorbei Sie spielen keine Spielchen Tut mir leid, es war ein Irrtum Du, kill Deine Chance nicht, ja? Sie einfach, wie Du dich fühlst Sie werden dich nicht zwingen, alles zu tun, was du nicht tun willst Sie werden nicht viel länger warten Du hast nichts zu verlieren, richtig? Darum bist du hier Hallo! Portuguese: Acabou Acabado Eles não jogam Me desculpe, eu cometi um erro Veja... Não sopre esta oportunidade, tudo bem? Apenas vá e veja como você se sente Eles não vão te forçar a fazer nada que você não queira fazer Eles não vão esperar muito mais Você não tem nada a perder, certo? É por isso que você está aqui Olá! English: its over Finished They don't play games I'm sorry I made a mistake Look... don't blow this opportunity, all right? Just go and see how you feel They won't force you to do anything you don't want to do They're not going to wait much longer You've got nothing to lose, right? That's why you're here hello! German: Hallo! Hallo! Bitte setzen sie sich Nett hier Kein Grun nervös zu sein Sorry für die Verspätung Es gab einen Zusammenbruch in der Kommunikation irgendwo, ich weiß nicht wo Könnten Sie bitte? Na ja, Sie sind freiwillig hergekommen Bitte nehmen Sie das ab? Ich fürchte, ich habe keine Autorität Auch wenn ich wollte Dann brechen Sie das Gesetz, oder? Das Gesetz? Oder ein Gesetz? Bitte Portuguese: Olá! Olá Por favor, sente-se Lugar legal Não há necessidade de estar ansioso e sinto muito pelo atraso Houve um colapso na comunicação em algum lugar, eu não sei onde Você iria? Bem, você está aqui por sua própria vontade Você vai tirar isso por favor? Eu tenho medo de não ter autoridade mesmo se eu quisesse Então você está quebrando a lei, certo? A lei? Ou uma lei? Por favor English: hello! Hello Please, take a seat Nice place There's no need to be anxious and I'm sorry for the delay There was a breakdown in communication somewhere, I don't know where Would you? Well you are here of your own free will Will you take these off please? I'm afraid I don't have the authority even if I wanted to Then you're breaking the law, right? The law? Or a law? Please English: don't be concerned Questions will be asked. Someone will give us the answers we're looking for then we can get you quickly to your destination I changed my mind You do know what that would mean, don't you? I was told I would be forced to do anything I didn't want to do Who told you that? Look, I don't know you Anything about you, or this place or what you're doing I could just go I'm here because I was curious and I'm not curious anymore so take these fucking things off and let me go You don't have your destinations I don't know what destinations are! I don't understand Take these off. Now! Where did you get this number from? Where did you get this number?! Portuguese: não se preocupe Perguntas serão feitas. Alguém nos dará as respostas que estamos procurando então podemos levá-lo rapidamente ao seu destino eu mudei de ideia Você sabe o que isso significa, não sabe? Me disseram que eu seria forçada a fazer qualquer coisa que eu não quisesse fazer Quem te disse isso? Olha, eu não te conheço Qualquer coisa sobre você, ou sobre este lugar ou o que você está fazendo Eu poderia ir Eu estou aqui porque eu estava curioso e não estou mais tão curioso tirar essas coisas e me deixar ir Você não tem seus destinos Eu não sei quais são os destinos! Eu não entendo Tire isso. Agora! De onde você tirou esse número? Onde você conseguiu esse número ?! German: Sei nicht besorgt Fragen werden gestellt. Jemand gibt uns die Antworten, die wir suchen Dann können wir dich schnell zu deinem Reiseziel bringen Ich habe meine Meinung geändert Sie wissen, was das bedeuten würde, oder? Man hat mir gesagt, ich würde zu nichts Gezwungen, was ich nicht tun will Wer hat dir das gesagt? Ich kenne dich nicht Ich weiß nicht über Sie, oder diesen Ort, oder was Sie hier tun Ich gehe jetzt einfach, ja? Ich bin hier, weil ich neugierig war, und ich bin nicht mehr neugierig, also... Nimm diese verdammten Dinge weg und lass mich gehen Sie haben nicht Ihre Reiseziele Ich weiß nicht mal, was Reiseziele sind! Ich verstehe nicht Nimm die Dinger ab. Sofort! Woher hast du diese Nummer? Woher hast du diese Nummer?! English: How did you get her number? Do you realise what you've done? It's a complete breach of patient trust Is that valid once you've put your penis into them?! Why didn't you just talk to me first? You're a shit liar and I hate to see you feeling inadequate! I can't keep doing this. I can't live like this It's ok, David, you can fuck her! Just don't tell me about it! What did you say? Portuguese: Como você conseguiu o número dela? Você percebe o que você fez? É uma violação completa da confiança do paciente Isso é válido uma vez que você colocou seu pênis neles ?! Por que você não falou comigo primeiro? Você é um mentiroso e eu odeio ver você se sentindo inadequado! Eu não posso continuar fazendo isso. Eu não posso viver assim Tudo bem, David, você pode transar com ela! Apenas não me fale sobre isso! O que você disse? German: Wie hast du ihre Nummer her? Weißt du was du gemacht hast? Es ist eine vollständige Verletzung des Patientenvertrauens Gilt das auch, nachdem Du Deinem Penis in sie gesteckt hast? warum redest Du nicht erst mit mir? Du ein Scheißlügner bist... Und ich hasse es zu sehen, dass du dich unzulänglich fühlst! Das kann ich nicht weiter machen. Ich kann nicht so leben Es ist okay, David, du kannst sie ficken! Sag mir einfach nicht darüber! Was hast du gesagt? Portuguese: David ... David! English: David... David! German: David... David! English: David the truth is when I told you Rene wanted us to call that number I had already called it The wonderful thing is, I've met an amazing person He's showed me a new way to live Death in this existence is just a beginning of a new existence Portuguese: David a verdade é quando lhe disse que René queria que ligássemos para esse número Eu já tinha chamado O mais maravilhoso é que eu conheci uma pessoa incrível Ele me mostrou uma nova maneira de viver Morte nesta existência é apenas o começo de uma nova existência German: David die Wahrheit ist Als ich dir sagte, dass Rene wollte, dass wir diese Nummer anrufen... Ich hatte es schon angerufen Die wunderbare Sache ist, ich habe eine erstaunliche Person getroffen Er hat mir einen neuen Weg zum Leben gezeigt Der Tod in dieser Existenz ist nur ein Anfang einer neuen Existenz English: That is your destination too If you chose it I hope you can understand why I have made my choice I love you Question is... how much damage can I do to your life's work before you can stop me? Anything happens to Erika and I'll kill you Yeah, you see... you should have stuck with your original threat, because that doesn't bother me Portuguese: Esse é o seu destino também Se você escolheu Eu espero que você possa entender porque eu fiz minha escolha eu te amo Questão é... quanto dano posso fazer para o trabalho de sua vida antes que você possa me parar? Qualquer coisa acontece com Erika e eu te mato Sim, você vê ... você deveria ter ficado com sua ameaça original, porque isso não me incomoda German: Das ist auch dein Reiseziel Wenn du es wählst Ich hoffe du kannst verstehen, warum ich meine Wahl getroffen habe Ich liebe dich Die Frage ist... Wie viel Schaden kann ich mit deinem Lebenswerk anrichten bevor du mich stoppst? Alles geschieht mit Erika und ich werde dich töten Also solltest Du doch bei Deiner ursprünglichen drohung bleiben, denn die stört mich nicht German: Woher weißt du, dass ich mit diesem Mädchen etwas zu tun habe? Was auch immer ihr Name ist Instinkt Ich lerne es, es wieder zu benutzen Gutes gefühl Was weißt du? Ich kenne diesen Typen Er hat alles verändert, was ich weiß Alles, was ich über das Universum kenne, steht jetzt auf den Kopf Es gibt einen neuen Weg, jetzt Und wir machen den nächsten Schritt Was zum Teufel redest du? Du kennst einen Typ? Karl! Leuten verlieren ihr Leben! Dein ganzer Lebensbegriff ist veraltet Wie tief steckt sie da drin? So viel aufgestauter Ärger Du solltest glücklich sein. Dies ist ihr Tag Was meinen Sie? Sie hat ihre Reiseziele Sie geht ab Was zum Teufel meinst du? Hättest Du bloß diesen Kerl getroffen Welcher Kerl?! Ich schwöre bei Gott Welcher Kerl? Portuguese: Como você sabe que eu tenho algo a ver com essa garota? Seja qual for o nome dela Instinto Estou aprendendo a usá-lo novamente Sente-se bem Oque você sabe? eu conheço esse cara ele mudou tudo o que eu sei tudo que eu sei sobre o universo foi virado de cabeça para baixo Há um novo caminho, agora e estamos dando o próximo passo Do que você está falando? Você conhece um cara? Karl! As pessoas estão perdendo suas vidas! Todo o seu conceito de vida está desatualizado Quão profundo é ela? Tanta raiva reprimida Você deveria estar feliz. Este é o dia dela O que você quer dizer? Ela tem seus destinos Ela está saindo O que diabos você quer dizer? Se você conhecesse esse cara Que cara ?! Eu juro por Deus... Que cara? English: How do you know I have anything to do with this girl? Whatever her name is Instinct I'm learning to use it again Feels good What do you know? I know this guy he's changed everything I know everything I know about the universe has been turned on its head There's a new way, now and we're taking the next step What the fuck are you talking about? You know a guy? Karl! People are losing their lives! Your whole concept of life is out-dated How deep into this is she? So much pent up anger You should be happy. This is her day What do you mean? She has her destinations She's leaving What the fuck do you mean? If you only met this guy What guy?! I swear to God... What guy? Portuguese: Terceiro contato Você estava no seu caminho, ontem à noite Eu juro por Deus se você tivesse acabado de conhecê-lo Eu não acredito em deus Onde ela está? É tarde demais agora Ela provavelmente já se foi Dada a sua compreensão da mente humana provavelmente deve perceber como imaturely você está agindo English: Third Contact You were on your way, last night I swear to God if you'd just met him I don't believe in God Where is she? It's too late now She's probably already gone Given your understanding of the human mind should probably realise how imaturely you're acting German: Dritter Kontakt Du waren auf dem Weg, letzte Nacht Ich schwöre bei Gott, wenn Du denn bloß getroffen hättest Ich glaube nicht an Gott Wo ist sie? Jetzt ist es zu spät Sie ist wahrscheinlich schon weg Angesichts deines Verständnisses des menschlichen Geistes Du solltest wohl feststellen, wie unreif du handelst English: Come on!! Come on!! German: Los! Los! Portuguese: Vamos!! Vamos!! Portuguese: Erika! Onde ela está? Onde ela está? - não sei! English: Erika! Where is she? Where is she? - Don't know! German: Erika! Wo ist sie? Wo ist sie? - Weiß nicht! English: Erika! Where is she? Where is she?! Where is she?! Where is he?! July 7th, 1987 I walk back from the river, barefoot Gravel stabs the soles of my feet I find Rene drawing spirals he tells me about father I choose not to believe him we are lost to each other German: Erika! Wo ist sie? Wo ist sie?! Wo ist sie?! Wo ist sie?! 7. Juli 1987 Ich laufe vom Fluss zurück, barfuß Kies sticht die Sohlen meiner Füße Ich finde Rene beim Spiralenmalen Er erzählt mir von Vater ich beschließe ihm nicht zu glauben Wir sind füreinander verloren Portuguese: Erika! Onde ela está? Onde ela está?! Onde ela está?! Onde ele está?! 7 de julho de 1987 Eu ando de volta do rio, descalço O cascalho esfaqueia as solas dos meus pés Eu acho Rene desenhando espirais ele me fala sobre o pai Eu escolhi não acreditar nele estamos perdidos um para o outro English: He will see you under conditions If you agree, David, you cannot exit this process Tell me what I have to do German: Er ist bereit Dich zu sehen unter Bedingungen Wenn Du zustimmst, David, kannst Du diesen prozess nicht beenenden Sag mir, was ich tun muss. Portuguese: Ele vai te ver sob condições Se você concorda, David, você não pode sair desse processo Me diga o que tenho que fazer Portuguese: Eu sei o que você está passando É só uma questão de tempo Isto é o que nos leva aonde queremos ir Nós chamamos isso de "a bala" Suas lembranças são como o cordite. Dois mundos um com a bala e outro com a concha vazia Eu não entendo Por que você deveria? Suicídio Quântico Suicídio Quântico O que você quer, David? Você deve decidir Eu quero ir Você está pronto? English: I know what you're going through It's just a matter of time This is what takes us where we want to go We call it "the bullet" Your memories, they are like the cordite. Two worlds one with the bullet and one with the empty shell I don't understand Why should you? Quantum Suicide Quantum Suicide What is it that you want, David? You must decide I want to go Are you ready? German: Ich weiß, was du durchmachst Es ist nur eine Frage der Zeit Das bringt uns dorthin, wohin wir wollen Wir nennen es "die Kugel" Ihre Erinnerungen, sie sind wie der Cordit. Zwei Welten Eine mit der Kugel und eine mit der leeren Hülle Ich verstehe nicht Warum solltest du auch? Quantum Suizid Quantum Suizid Was willst du eignetlich, David? Sie musst entscheiden Ich will gehen Sind Sie bereit? German: Wir müssen kontrollieren, ob sie stark genug sind Lies. 17. Juli 2003. Ich muss es nicht hören Du bist bereit Rolle deinen Ärmel auf Portuguese: Precisamos verificar se eles são fortes o suficiente Ler 17 de julho de 2003 Eu não preciso ouvir isso Tu estás pronto Enrole sua manga English: We need to check if they're strong enough Read July 17th, 2003 I don't need to hear it You are ready Roll up your sleeve English: David... this is the end Of this life. Yes I want to go German: David... das ist das Ende Von diesem leben Ja Ich will gehen Portuguese: David ... este é o fim Desta vida. sim Eu quero ir German: 17. Januar 2003 Nord London Ein nasser Wintertag Ich höre Kinder spielen im Garten nebenan Seifenblasen schweben durch die Luft Sie ist schön am diesem Abend Wir halten Einander fest, bis die Sonne untergeht English: 17th January, 2003 North London A wet winter's day I hear children playing in the garden next to mine Sopa bubbles float through the air She is beautiful that evening We hold each other close, until the sun goes down Portuguese: 17 de janeiro de 2003 Norte de Londres Um dia de inverno úmido Eu ouço crianças brincando no jardim ao lado do meu Sopa de bolhas flutuam no ar Ela é linda naquela noite Nos abraçamos, até o sol se pôr English: Her smell intoxicates me German: Ihr Geruch betäubt mich Portuguese: Seu cheiro me intoxica

Spanish: ¡Hola chicos! Bienvenidos de nuevo a nuestro canal y hoy hablaremos de los problemas que surgen cuando sales con un@ alemán@. que tiene de gracioso eso.. Alemanes, escúchenme! No se enojen conmigo, amo a Alemania, amo a los alemanes, obviamente Estas son algunas de las cosas a las que me costó acostumbrarme al principio. y ahora que he estado saliendo con Janik durante algunos años, encuentro algunas de estas cosas de hecho buenas Sí, así que va a ser algo desde su perspectiva y Lo que ella experimentó aquí en Alemania con las personas que ha conocido. en realidad algunas de ellas no son problemas ... pero necesitábamos un título interesante Piénsalo como choques culturales, primera parte! ¡hagámoslo! - Empecemos vamos a comenzar de una vez Dios mío, Joss DeFranco vamos! Voy a comenzar con el problema más obvio, y es que vas a tener que saber al menos algo de alemán básico. o aprenderlo en el camino Spanish: ¡Hola chicos! Bienvenidos de nuevo a nuestro canal y hoy hablaremos de los problemas que surgen cuando sales con un@ alemán@. que tiene de gracioso eso.. Alemanes, escúchenme! No se enojen conmigo, amo a Alemania, amo a los alemanes, obviamente Estas son algunas de las cosas a las que me costó acostumbrarme al principio. y ahora que he estado saliendo con Janik durante algunos años, encuentro algunas de estas cosas de hecho buenas Sí, así que va a ser algo desde su perspectiva y Lo que ella experimentó aquí en Alemania con las personas que ha conocido. en realidad algunas de ellas no son problemas ... pero necesitábamos un título interesante Piénsalo como choques culturales, primera parte! ¡hagámoslo! - Empecemos vamos a comenzar de una vez Dios mío, Joss DeFranco vamos! Voy a comenzar con el problema más obvio, y es que vas a tener que saber al menos algo de alemán básico. o aprenderlo en el camino English: hey guys! welcome back to our Channel and today we're talking about the problems that come with dating a German what's so funny about that? Germans hear me out! don't get angry at me, I love Germany, I love Germans, clearly these are some things that I had a hard time getting used to at the beginning and now that I've been dating Janik for some years I find some of these things actually good yeah so it's gonna be something from her perspective and what she experienced here in Germany with the people that she has met actually some of them are not like problems... we just needed a cool title think about it like culture shocks, part one! let's do this! - let's start let's just jump into it omg, Joss DeFranco let's go! I'm gonna start with the most obvious problem which is that you're gonna have to know at least some basic German or learn it along the way German: Hallo Leute! Willkommen zurück zu unserem Channel und wir sprechen heute über die Probleme, die mit dem Daten eines Deutschen einhergehen was ist daran so lustig? Deutsche, hört mich an! Ärgert euch nicht über mich, ich liebe Deutschland, ich liebe Deutsche, das ist offensichtlich Dies sind einige Dinge, an die ich mich am Anfang nur schwer gewöhnen konnte und jetzt, wo ich seit einigen Jahren mit Janik zusammen bin, finde ich einige dieser Dinge tatsächlich gut Ja, also sie wird es aus ihrer Perspektive erzählen und darüber, was sie hier in Deutschland mit den Menschen erlebt hat, die sie getroffen hat Eigentlich sind einige von den Dingen keine Probleme ... wir brauchten nur einen coolen Titel Denkt eher an Kulturschocks, Teil eins! Lass uns das machen! - Lasst uns beginnen Lass uns einfach hineinspringen omg, Joss DeFranco los geht's! Ich beginne mit dem offensichtlichsten Problem, nämlich dass man mindestens ein paar Grundkenntnisse in Deutsch haben muss oder man lernt es auf dem Weg English: even if your boyfriend or girlfriend speaks English or your language it's very likely that their family doesn't my parents do speak a little bit of English but they prefer to speak German with you and even if the parents speak English then the chances high that the grandparents don't speak English the next problem is that Germans eat very early now luckily with me you never had that problem when we lived in Munich we sometimes ate dinner at like midnight.. yeah in Mexico and what time do you have breakfast? at 9:00?! okay lunch? lunch, 3pm. dinner? eight or nine. so in Germany the people usually eat breakfast at, let's say, seven or eight they eat lunch at around 12:00 or 1:00 and they eat dinner at around 6 or 7 p.m. yeah but of course if you used to eat late you can also meet in the middle the next problem is that you might get overwhelmed by their efficiency hear me out I'm gonna explain Germans are very practical, they just do things in a way that is easy, it's effective and fast and they solve problems fast yeah and I am not used to that Spanish: Incluso si tu novio o novia habla inglés o tu idioma. Es muy probable que su familia no lo haga. Mis padres hablan un poco de inglés pero prefieren hablar alemán contigo. e incluso si los padres hablan inglés, las posibilidades de que los abuelos no hablen inglés son altas. El siguiente problema es que los alemanes comen muy temprano. Por suerte conmigo nunca tuviste ese problema cuando vivíamos en Munich, a veces cenábamos a medianoche, sí. en México a que hora desayunas? ¿a las... 9:00? esta bien y almuerzo? Almuerzo, 3pm. ¿cena? ocho o nueve así que en Alemania la gente suele desayunar, digamos, siete u ocho almuerzan alrededor de las 12:00 o 1:00 y cenan alrededor de las 6 o 7 pm Sí, pero claro, si estas acostumbrado a comer tarde también puedes encontrarte un punto medio El siguiente problema es que pueden ser abrumadores por su eficiencia. escúchame voy a explicarme Los alemanes son muy prácticos, hacen las cosas de una manera fácil, efectiva y rápida, y resuelven los problemas rápidamente. Sí, y no estoy acostumbrada a eso German: selbst wenn dein Freund oder deine Freundin Englisch oder deine Sprache spricht Es ist sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die Familie dies nicht tut meine eltern sprechen zwar ein wenig englisch, aber am liebsten sprechen sie deutsch mit dir und selbst wenn die Eltern Englisch sprechen, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit groß, dass die Großeltern kein Englisch sprechen Das nächste Problem ist, dass Deutsche sehr früh essen Zum Glück hattest du dieses Problem nie mit mir Als wir in München lebten, haben wir manchmal um Mitternacht zu Abend gegessen wann frühstückst du in Mexiko? um 9.00 Uhr?! okay mittagessen? Mittagessen, 15 Uhr. Abendessen? acht oder neun. in Deutschland frühstücken die Leute normalerweise um sieben oder acht Sie essen gegen 12:00 oder 13:00 Uhr Mittag und gegen 18:00 oder 19:00 Uhr zu Abend Ja, aber wenn du es gewohnt bist, spät zu essen, kann man sich natürlich auch in der Mitte treffen Das nächste Problem ist, dass ihr möglicherweise von ihrer Effizienz überwältigt werdet Hört mir zu, ich erkläre es euch Deutsche sind sehr praktisch, sie machen Dinge einfach, es ist effektiv und schnell und sie lösen Probleme schnell ja und ich bin das nicht gewohnt Spanish: Incluso si tu novio o novia habla inglés o tu idioma. Es muy probable que su familia no lo haga. Mis padres hablan un poco de inglés pero prefieren hablar alemán contigo. e incluso si los padres hablan inglés, las posibilidades de que los abuelos no hablen inglés son altas. El siguiente problema es que los alemanes comen muy temprano. Por suerte conmigo nunca tuviste ese problema cuando vivíamos en Munich, a veces cenábamos a medianoche, sí. en México a que hora desayunas? ¿a las... 9:00? esta bien y almuerzo? Almuerzo, 3pm. ¿cena? ocho o nueve así que en Alemania la gente suele desayunar, digamos, siete u ocho almuerzan alrededor de las 12:00 o 1:00 y cenan alrededor de las 6 o 7 pm Sí, pero claro, si estas acostumbrado a comer tarde también puedes encontrarte un punto medio El siguiente problema es que pueden ser abrumadores por su eficiencia. escúchame voy a explicarme Los alemanes son muy prácticos, hacen las cosas de una manera fácil, efectiva y rápida, y resuelven los problemas rápidamente. Sí, y no estoy acostumbrada a eso German: Sie ist nur langsam... und dumm du bevorzugst eher Komfort als Effizienz hundertprozentig! Ich werde erklären, was sie damit meint Sie geht am liebsten sehr langsam und bequem zum Bahnhof Sie wird den Zug verpassen, sie wird zwanzig Minuten warten müssen, bis der nächste Zug kommt Ich komme zu spät in meinen Unterricht aber wenigstens musste sie nicht rennen Ich auf der anderen Seite würde fünf Minuten lang rennen Warum sollte ich das tun? Ich will nur entspannt sein und wenn ich in den zug einsteige, steige ich genau dort ein, wo ich am ende aussteigen muss Zeitersparnis Manchmal ist er sehr effizient mit seiner Zeit! nicht, wenn es darum geht, Videos zu bearbeiten .. aber ich bin es nicht ... also ist es ziemlich cool Ja, wir sind halt effizient ... Ich sagte die meisten Deutschen, aber du bist die Ausnahme Das nächste Problem ist, dass Deutsche lange brauchen, um sich zu öffnen ok also, ich erkläre es so Joss war ein Vulkan! Gefühle überall! Gefühle, Liebe Spanish: eres un poco lenta... -y tonta. simplemente prefieres la comodidad a la eficiencia ¡cien por ciento! Voy a explicar lo que ella quiere decir con eso. Ella prefiere caminar muy despacio y conveniente a la estación de tren. no le importa perder el tren y tener que esperar veinte minutos hasta que llegue el próximo tren Y llegar tarde a mi clase pero al menos ella no tuvo que correr Yo por otro lado correría durante cinco minutos seguidos ¿Por qué habría de hacer eso? Solo quiero estar relajada y cuando entro en el tren entro exactamente donde tengo que salir al final para ahorrar tiempo ¡Es muy eficiente con su tiempo, a veces! no cuando se trata de editar videos .. pero yo no... así que es un poco genial Sí, sólo somos eficientes ... Dije la mayoría de los alemanes pero tú eres la excepción El siguiente problema es que los alemanes tardan mucho tiempo en abrirse. ok lo explico de esta manera Joss es un volcán! sentimientos por todas partes! sentimientos, amor English: you're just slow - and dumb.. -inefficient you just prefer comfort than efficiency a hundred percent! I'm gonna explain what she means by that she prefers to walk super slowly and convenient to the train station she's gonna miss the train, she's gonna have to wait twenty minutes until the next train comes I'm gonna be late to my class but at least she didn't have to run I on the other side would run for five minutes straight Why would I do that? I just wanna be relaxed and when I enter the train I enter exactly where I have to get out in the end time saving he's very efficient with his time, sometimes! not when it comes to editing videos.. but I am NOT.. so it's kinda cool yeah we're just efficient... I said most Germans but you're the exception the next problem is that Germans take a long time to open up ok so, I explain it this way Joss was a volcano! feelings everywhere! feelings, love Spanish: eres un poco lenta... -y tonta. simplemente prefieres la comodidad a la eficiencia ¡cien por ciento! Voy a explicar lo que ella quiere decir con eso. Ella prefiere caminar muy despacio y conveniente a la estación de tren. no le importa perder el tren y tener que esperar veinte minutos hasta que llegue el próximo tren Y llegar tarde a mi clase pero al menos ella no tuvo que correr Yo por otro lado correría durante cinco minutos seguidos ¿Por qué habría de hacer eso? Solo quiero estar relajada y cuando entro en el tren entro exactamente donde tengo que salir al final para ahorrar tiempo ¡Es muy eficiente con su tiempo, a veces! no cuando se trata de editar videos .. pero yo no... así que es un poco genial Sí, sólo somos eficientes ... Dije la mayoría de los alemanes pero tú eres la excepción El siguiente problema es que los alemanes tardan mucho tiempo en abrirse. ok lo explico de esta manera Joss es un volcán! sentimientos por todas partes! sentimientos, amor German: Ich war zurückhaltender und ich denke, viele Deutsche sind so Ich habe tatsächlich einen Satz geschrieben, den ich mochte Wenn du das Eis durchbrichst, ist das Wasser darunter warm Oh ich verstehe Also, es gibt eine eisige Hülle, sie zeigen am Anfang nicht so viele Emotionen Aber wenn man daran vorbei ist und sich ihnen nähert, stellt man fest, dass sie sehr warm sind und sie haben tatsächlich Gefühle - oh wow Überraschung und sie sind super toll Ich bin eigentlich das Gegenteil .. Ich bin eigentlich das komplette Gegenteil .. Es gibt Feuer draußen, aber drinnen gibt es Eis ja sicher - na wenn ich wütend bin, gibt es Eis Ja - aber es ist schwer mich so wütend zu machen nicht für mich ja - nein - es war schwer - ich kann es leicht schaffen ... wenn ich wollte dann mach mich wütend ... - lass uns über... reden .. Lass uns über das nächste Thema sprechen Spanish: Yo era más reservado y creo que muchos alemanes son así. En realidad escribí una frase que me gustó. Cuando rompes el hielo, el agua que está debajo es cálida Oh ya entiendo así que hay como un exterior de hielo que no muestra muchas emociones al principio Pero una vez que pasas eso y te acercas a ellos, encuentras que son muy cálidos. y realmente tienen sentimientos -oh wow que sorpresa y son super asombrosos En realidad soy todo lo contrario... En realidad soy todo lo contrario ... Hay fuego en el exterior pero dentro hay hielo si claro - bueno cuando me enojo hay hielo Sí, pero es difícil hacerme enojar tanto. bueno no para mi sí, no, ha sido difícil. -puedo hacerlo fácilmente ... si quisiera Hazme enojar entonces ... - hablemos de ... hablemos del siguiente tema Spanish: Yo era más reservado y creo que muchos alemanes son así. En realidad escribí una frase que me gustó. Cuando rompes el hielo, el agua que está debajo es cálida Oh ya entiendo así que hay como un exterior de hielo que no muestra muchas emociones al principio Pero una vez que pasas eso y te acercas a ellos, encuentras que son muy cálidos. y realmente tienen sentimientos -oh wow que sorpresa y son super asombrosos En realidad soy todo lo contrario... En realidad soy todo lo contrario ... Hay fuego en el exterior pero dentro hay hielo si claro - bueno cuando me enojo hay hielo Sí, pero es difícil hacerme enojar tanto. bueno no para mi sí, no, ha sido difícil. -puedo hacerlo fácilmente ... si quisiera Hazme enojar entonces ... - hablemos de ... hablemos del siguiente tema English: I was more reserved and I think a lot of Germans are this way I actually wrote a sentence that I liked when you break through the ice the water underneath is warm oh I get it so there's like an ice exterior they're not gonna show that many emotions at the beginning but once you go past that and you get close to them you find that they are very warm and they actually have feelings - oh wow surprise and they're super amazing I'm actually the opposite.. I'm actually the complete opposite.. there's fire on the outside but inside there's ice yeah sure - well when I get angry there's ice yeah - but it's hard to get me that angry well not for me yes - no - it's been hard - I can do it easily.. if I wanted to make me angry then... - let's talk about.. let's talk about the next topic Spanish: chicos, es tan difícil hacer este tipo de videos porque, en primer lugar, ya sabemos que algunos de ustedes lo tomarán como algo personal Y segundo porque no queremos generalizar. No tengo mucha experiencia con esto ... sí, he besado a chicos alemanes pero realmente no he salido ¿escucharon? ella dijo chicos Sí, he besado a otros chicos alemanes antes de tí ¿Sabes cuantas chicas mexicanas he besado? ¿cuántas? una.. y eso va a seguir siendo así estamos aquí por la igualdad oh eso es otra cosa Y es que tienes que estar preparado para compartir la cuenta con tu novio o con tu novia. cuando les digo esto a mis amigas, inmediatamente veo sus caras como ... Él no paga nada por ti? Creo que la razón de esa diferencia es que en Alemania también las chicas piensan de la misma manera. Sí, porque Alemania el tema de la igualdad es fuerte. Yo creo que las chicas no quieran ser invitadas todo el tiempo, quieren ser independientes y pagar ellas mismas. pero que hay de... Spanish: chicos, es tan difícil hacer este tipo de videos porque, en primer lugar, ya sabemos que algunos de ustedes lo tomarán como algo personal Y segundo porque no queremos generalizar. No tengo mucha experiencia con esto ... sí, he besado a chicos alemanes pero realmente no he salido ¿escucharon? ella dijo chicos Sí, he besado a otros chicos alemanes antes de tí ¿Sabes cuantas chicas mexicanas he besado? ¿cuántas? una.. y eso va a seguir siendo así estamos aquí por la igualdad oh eso es otra cosa Y es que tienes que estar preparado para compartir la cuenta con tu novio o con tu novia. cuando les digo esto a mis amigas, inmediatamente veo sus caras como ... Él no paga nada por ti? Creo que la razón de esa diferencia es que en Alemania también las chicas piensan de la misma manera. Sí, porque Alemania el tema de la igualdad es fuerte. Yo creo que las chicas no quieran ser invitadas todo el tiempo, quieren ser independientes y pagar ellas mismas. pero que hay de... English: guys it's so hard to make this type of videos because first of all we already know some of you are gonna take it personal and second because we don't want to generalize I don't have much experience with this... yes I've kissed German guys but I haven't really dated did you hear that? she said guys yeah I've kissed other German guys before you you know how many Mexican girls I've kissed? how many? one.. and that's gonna stay that way we're here for equality oh that's another thing and it is that you have to be prepared to split the check with your boyfriend or with your girlfriend when I tell this to my friends I immediately see their faces kind of like.. he doesn't pay anything? I think the reason for that difference is that in Germany also the girls are thinking the same way yes because Germany is very strong when it comes to equality so the girls don't want to be invited the whole time, they want to be independent and paying by themselves but what about.. German: Leute, es ist so schwer, diese Art von Videos zu machen, weil wir zuallererst bereits wissen, dass einige von euch es persönlich nehmen werden und zweitens, weil wir nicht verallgemeinern wollen Ich habe nicht viel Erfahrung damit ... ja, ich habe Deutsche geküsst aber ich habe nicht wirklich gedatet Hast du das gehört? sie sagte DeutschE Ja, ich habe andere Deutsche geküsst bevor du kamst! Weißt du, wie viele mexikanische Frauen ich geküsst habe? wie viele? eine.. und das wird so bleiben Wir sind hier für die Gleichstellung Oh, das ist eine andere Sache und es ist, dass man bereit sein muss, die Rechnung mit dem Freund oder mit der Freundin zu teilen Wenn ich das meinen Freunden erzähle, sehe ich sofort, dass ihre Gesichter so aussehen... Er zahlt nichts? Ich denke, der Grund für diesen Unterschied ist, dass in Deutschland auch die Frauen genauso denken ja, weil deutschland in punkto gleichstellung sehr stark ist Die Frauen wollen also nicht die ganze Zeit eingeladen sein, sie wollen unabhängig sein und auch selbst bezahlen aber was ist mit.. German: Gibt es noch so etwas wie einen Gentleman in Deutschland? Ja, das gibt es ... immer noch ... Ja dann ist die Frage ... warum machst du das nie? Wo sind diese Leute, warum habe ich sie nicht getroffen? Wenn ich nach Mexiko gehe, habe ich viele männliche Freunde und sie sind so: ich hole dich ab, um Wings zu haben oder so oh mein gott ich fühle mich wie: was ist hier falsch? sie gehen aus dem auto, sie warten auf mich, damit sie mir die tür öffnen können, dann öffnen sie die tür des autos Janik will mir nicht mal die Tür öffnen im Auto wahr weil ich es selbst kann ... sie kann es selbst tun .. Zeiteffizienz .. ahhh seht ihr? Janik versucht es aber! Janik versucht manchmal ein Gentleman zu sein! ja total Okay, das ist etwas für Leute, die eine deutsche Freundin oder einen deutschen Freund suchen und ich bin traurig, euch zu sagen, dass es nicht so üblich ist, dass Deutsche in einem Club flirten Wenn wir ausgehen, gibt es Leute, die wahrscheinlich Interesse haben, aber nicht so direkt sind, wie zum Beispiel in Mexiko oder in den USA Spanish: ¿Hay algo así como ser un "caballero" en Alemania? sí eso existe... todavía .. sí entonces la pregunta es... ¿por qué nunca haces eso? ¿Dónde están esos tipos, por qué no los conocí? Cuando voy a México tengo muchos amigos hombres. y me recogen en mi casa para ir a comer alitas o algo así oh dios mio yo siento como: que esta pasando aquí? Salen del auto, me esperan para abrir la puerta, luego abren la puerta del auto. Janik ni siquiera quiere abrirme la puerta. en el carro cierto porque puedo hacerlo yo misma ... ella puede hacerlo ella misma ... eficiencia de tiempo .. ahhh ves? Pero Janik lo intenta. ¡Janik intenta ser un caballero a veces! si ... totalmente Bueno, esto es algo para aquellas personas que buscan conseguir una novia o novio alemán. y me entristece decirte que no es tan común que los alemanes coqueteen en un club nocturno cuando salimos literalmente como ... hay tipos que probablemente tienen interés pero no son tan coquetos como en México, por ejemplo, o en los Estados Unidos. Spanish: ¿Hay algo así como ser un "caballero" en Alemania? sí eso existe... todavía .. sí entonces la pregunta es... ¿por qué nunca haces eso? ¿Dónde están esos tipos, por qué no los conocí? Cuando voy a México tengo muchos amigos hombres. y me recogen en mi casa para ir a comer alitas o algo así oh dios mio yo siento como: que esta pasando aquí? Salen del auto, me esperan para abrir la puerta, luego abren la puerta del auto. Janik ni siquiera quiere abrirme la puerta. en el carro cierto porque puedo hacerlo yo misma ... ella puede hacerlo ella misma ... eficiencia de tiempo .. ahhh ves? Pero Janik lo intenta. ¡Janik intenta ser un caballero a veces! si ... totalmente Bueno, esto es algo para aquellas personas que buscan conseguir una novia o novio alemán. y me entristece decirte que no es tan común que los alemanes coqueteen en un club nocturno cuando salimos literalmente como ... hay tipos que probablemente tienen interés pero no son tan coquetos como en México, por ejemplo, o en los Estados Unidos. English: is there still this thing of like being a gentleman in Germany yeah there's that thing.. still.. yeah then the question is... why do you never do that? Where are those guys, why didn't I meet those guys? when I go to Mexico I have a lot of male friends and they're like I'm gonna pick you up to go have wings or something oh my god I feel like: what's wrong here? they go outside of the car, they wait for me to open the door, then they open the door of the car Janik doesn't even want to open the door for me in the car true because I can do it myself... she can do it herself.. time efficiency.. ahhh see? Janik tries though. Janik tries to be a gentleman sometimes! yeah totally okay this is something for those people that are looking to get a German girlfriend or boyfriend and I'm sad to tell you that it's not that common for Germans to flirt in a club when we go out literally like.. there's guys that probably have interest but they're not as straight forward as in Mexico for example or in the US German: aber es gibt eine Ausnahme von der Regel die Deutschen, die im Urlaub sind ... oder die Deutschen, die irgendwo außerhalb von Deutschland sind sie gehen ab! - Also.. Hmm, das, was du gerade gesagt hast, ist für viele Leute in unserem Alter der Fall als ich 18, 19, 20 war, flirtete ich wie ein Liebesgott ... oh hast du wirklich? nein ich war zu schüchtern Niemand interessierte sich für mich Sie waren vielleicht interessiert, aber sie waren zu schüchtern Ich habe sogar diesen Satz geschrieben, den ich online gelesen habe Verwechsle Schüchternheit nicht mit Desinteresse Die Tatsache, dass sie schüchtern sind und sich dir nicht nähern, bedeutet nicht, dass sie nicht interessiert sind Etwas, woran ich mich nur schwer gewöhnen konnte, war, dass die Deutschen meistens pünktlich sind und das ist ein Stereotyp, der tatsächlich wahr ist Die Deutschen halten ihre Versprechen und erwarten, dass du auch dein Versprechen hältst auch wenn es um pünktlichkeit geht und man sagt: wir treffen uns um 4:00 ... es muss um 4:00 sein und das ist für mich so schockierend English: but there is an exception to the rule the Germans that are on vacation... or the Germans that are outside of Germany somewhere they go off! - okay so hmm this what you just said goes a lot for people in our age when I was 18, 19, 20 I was flirting like a love god... oh were you really? no I was too shy nobody was interested in me they were interested maybe but they were too shy I even wrote this sentence that I read online don't mistake shyness for disinterest the fact that they're shy and they are not approaching you doesn't mean that they are not interested something that was hard for me to get used to was that Germans most of the times are always on time and that is a stereotype that is actually true Germans keep their promises and they are expecting you to keep your promises too even when it comes to punctuality and you say we're gonna meet at 4:00... it has to be at 4:00 and that to me is so shocking Spanish: pero hay una excepción a la regla los alemanes que están de vacaciones ... o los alemanes que están fuera de Alemania en algún lugar ellos sí coquetean- bueno entonces hmm esto lo que acaba de decir va mucho para la gente de nuestra edad Cuando tenía 18, 19, 20 estaba coqueteando como un dios del amor ... oh realmente? no, yo era demasiado tímido nadie estaba interesada en mi! Quizás les interesabas pero eran demasiado tímidas. Incluso escribí esta frase que leí en línea. no confundas timidez con desinterés el hecho de que sean tímidos y no se te acerquen no significa que no estén interesados algo a lo que fue difícil acostumbrarme fue a que los alemanes la mayoría de las veces siempre están a tiempo Y ese es un estereotipo que en realidad es cierto. Los alemanes cumplen sus promesas y esperan que tú también cumplas incluso cuando se trata de la puntualidad y si dices que nos veremos a las 4:00 ... tiene que ser a las 4:00 y eso para mi es tan impactante Spanish: pero hay una excepción a la regla los alemanes que están de vacaciones ... o los alemanes que están fuera de Alemania en algún lugar ellos sí coquetean- bueno entonces hmm esto lo que acaba de decir va mucho para la gente de nuestra edad Cuando tenía 18, 19, 20 estaba coqueteando como un dios del amor ... oh realmente? no, yo era demasiado tímido nadie estaba interesada en mi! Quizás les interesabas pero eran demasiado tímidas. Incluso escribí esta frase que leí en línea. no confundas timidez con desinterés el hecho de que sean tímidos y no se te acerquen no significa que no estén interesados algo a lo que fue difícil acostumbrarme fue a que los alemanes la mayoría de las veces siempre están a tiempo Y ese es un estereotipo que en realidad es cierto. Los alemanes cumplen sus promesas y esperan que tú también cumplas incluso cuando se trata de la puntualidad y si dices que nos veremos a las 4:00 ... tiene que ser a las 4:00 y eso para mi es tan impactante English: because I feel like when it's your family or when it's a very close friend they're not gonna be angry if you are 15 minutes late yeah but they are so that's why this was a problem for both of us because she would arrive like half an hour later actually on our first date she let me wait for like 20 minutes but actually sometimes you make me be late when I was meeting my friends many times I was late because of you and then you were like: it's fine... no - yes - it wasn't my fault... - and we would get there and they would be like: oh the Mexican is late! what a surprise! And I was like: it was not my fault! it was his fault ha ha ha yeah well stereotypes okay so here's the difference when we are meeting your friends I don't mind being late when it's my friends I might being late he's so angry and his friends are also not happy that he's late I don't even know if they feel bad or not but I just feel bad because they have to wait yeah but with my friends you don't mind if they have to wait and the last point.. and I had a hard time getting used to this German: weil ich das Gefühl habe, wenn es deine Familie ist oder wenn es ein sehr enger Freund ist, werden sie nicht sauer sein, wenn du 15 Minuten zu spät kommst Ja, aber sie sind es! Deshalb war das für uns beide ein Problem, denn sie würde tatsächlich eine halbe Stunde später eintreffen Bei unserem ersten Date ließ sie mich ungefähr 20 Minuten warten Aber manchmal lässt du mich zu spät kommen Öfters, wenn ich meine Freunde traf, war ich wegen dir zu spät und dann meintest du: es ist in Ordnung ... nein - ja - es war nicht meine Schuld ... - und wir würden dort ankommen und sie würden wie folgt sagen: Oh, die Mexikanerin ist spät dran! was für eine Überraschung! Und ich dachte: Es war nicht meine Schuld! Es war seine Schuld, ha ha ha tja... Vorurteile.. Okay, hier ist der Unterschied Wenn wir uns mit deinen Freunden treffen, ist es nicht so schlimm, wenn ich zu spät komme Wenn es meine Freunde sind, ist es mir wichtig, nicht zu süät zu sein Er ist so wütend und seine Freunde sind auch nicht glücklich, dass er zu spät ist Ich weiß nicht einmal, ob sie sich schlecht fühlen oder nicht aber ich fühle mich nur schlecht, weil sie warten müssen Ja, aber mit meinen Freunden macht es dir nichts aus, wenn sie warten müssen und der letzte Punkt ... und ich hatte es schwer, mich daran zu gewöhnen Spanish: porque siento que cuando se trata de tu familia o de un amigo muy cercano, no se van a enojar si llegas 15 minutos tarde si pero se enojan! así que eso fue un problema para los dos porque ella llegaba como media hora más tarde en realidad en nuestra primera cita me dejó esperar como 20 minutos Pero en realidad a veces tú me haces llegar tarde. Cuando me encontraba con mis amigas muchas veces llegaba tarde por tu culpa Y entonces estabas como: está bien, no importa... no, sí, no era mi culpa ... y llegábamos y era como: ¡Oh, la mexicana llega tarde! ¡qué sorpresa! Y yo estaba como: ¡no fue mi culpa! Fue su culpa, ja, ja, ja. si bueno estereotipos Bueno, así que aquí está la diferencia. Cuando nos encontremos con tus amigas, no me importa llegar tarde. cuando se trata de mis amigos me importa llegar a tiempo. Él se enoja y sus amigos tampoco están felices de que llegue tarde. Ni siquiera sé si se sienten mal o no. Pero me siento mal porque tienen que esperar. Sí, pero con mis amigas no te importa si tienen que esperar y el último punto .. y me costó acostumbrarme a esto Spanish: porque siento que cuando se trata de tu familia o de un amigo muy cercano, no se van a enojar si llegas 15 minutos tarde si pero se enojan! así que eso fue un problema para los dos porque ella llegaba como media hora más tarde en realidad en nuestra primera cita me dejó esperar como 20 minutos Pero en realidad a veces tú me haces llegar tarde. Cuando me encontraba con mis amigas muchas veces llegaba tarde por tu culpa Y entonces estabas como: está bien, no importa... no, sí, no era mi culpa ... y llegábamos y era como: ¡Oh, la mexicana llega tarde! ¡qué sorpresa! Y yo estaba como: ¡no fue mi culpa! Fue su culpa, ja, ja, ja. si bueno estereotipos Bueno, así que aquí está la diferencia. Cuando nos encontremos con tus amigas, no me importa llegar tarde. cuando se trata de mis amigos me importa llegar a tiempo. Él se enoja y sus amigos tampoco están felices de que llegue tarde. Ni siquiera sé si se sienten mal o no. Pero me siento mal porque tienen que esperar. Sí, pero con mis amigas no te importa si tienen que esperar y el último punto .. y me costó acostumbrarme a esto German: war, dass die Deutschen sehr, sehr direkt sein können Sie sind brutal ehrlich und das ist, wo vielleicht das Vorurteil von euch als Gemeine Leute her kommt das war nie ein Vorurteil! aber sie versuchen nicht gemein zu sein einmal, als wir in einer Fernbeziehung waren bist du bist zurück nach deutschland gekommen und du hast mit meinen eltern gesprochen und sie haben gesagt hmm dein deutsch ist nicht besser geworden .. Ja! - Es ist nur eine Beobachtung gewesen Ich glaube, ich wollte weinen, ha ha ha und noch ein Punkt, dass ist ein sehr dummer Punkt, von dem ich dachte, dass wir ihn vielleicht nicht einmal erwähnen sollten, aber ich muss hier in deutschland habe ich viel mehr Speedos gesehen, als ich wollte du trägst keine speedos. nein aber in deutschland ist das so normal, oder? Ja aber gib es zu ... am Ende mochtest du die Aussicht ah, es ist überhaupt keine große Sache. Ja, es ist eigentlich keine große Sache Vielleicht bin ich es nur, weil ich komisch bin ja du bist komisch. Ich bin tatsächlich komisch! - Du willst nicht mal deine Schwester nackt sehen Spanish: Era que los alemanes pueden ser muy, muy directos. son brutalmente honestos y ahí es donde tal vez surgió el estereotipo eso nunca fue un estereotipo Pero no están tratando de hacerte sentir mal. hubo una vez, cuando estábamos en una relación de larga distancia y viniste a Alemania y ella habló con mis padres y le dijeron: hmm tu alemán no mejoró nada desde la última vez.. ¡sí! -Es solo una observación. Creo que probablemente quería llorar ja ja ja y un punto más que es un punto muy estúpido que pensé que tal vez no deberíamos mencionar pero tengo que Es que aquí en Alemania he visto más speedos que nunca no usas speedos -no Pero es tan normal en Alemania, ¿verdad? sí Pero admítelo ... al final te gusta la vista. Ah, no es un gran problema... Sí, en realidad no es un gran problema tal vez solo soy yo porque soy rara si tu eres rara. En realidad soy rara! - Ni siquiera quieres ver a tu hermana desnuda. Spanish: Era que los alemanes pueden ser muy, muy directos. son brutalmente honestos y ahí es donde tal vez surgió el estereotipo eso nunca fue un estereotipo Pero no están tratando de hacerte sentir mal. hubo una vez, cuando estábamos en una relación de larga distancia y viniste a Alemania y ella habló con mis padres y le dijeron: hmm tu alemán no mejoró nada desde la última vez.. ¡sí! -Es solo una observación. Creo que probablemente quería llorar ja ja ja y un punto más que es un punto muy estúpido que pensé que tal vez no deberíamos mencionar pero tengo que Es que aquí en Alemania he visto más speedos que nunca no usas speedos -no Pero es tan normal en Alemania, ¿verdad? sí Pero admítelo ... al final te gusta la vista. Ah, no es un gran problema... Sí, en realidad no es un gran problema tal vez solo soy yo porque soy rara si tu eres rara. En realidad soy rara! - Ni siquiera quieres ver a tu hermana desnuda. English: was that Germans can be very, extremely straightforward they're brutally honest and that's where maybe the stereotype came from of you guys being meanies that was never a stereotype but they are not trying to be mean there was one time, we were in a long-distance relationship and you came back to Germany and he spoke to my parents and they said hmm your German didn't get better.. yes! - It's just an observation I think I probably wanted to cry ha ha ha and one more point that it's a very stupid point that I thought maybe we shouldn't even mention but I have to here in Germany I've seen way more speedos that I'm comfortable seeing you don't wear speedos no but it's so normal in Germany right? yeah but admit it... in the end you like the view ah it's not a big deal at all.. Yeah it's actually not a big deal maybe it's just me because I'm like weird yeah you're weird. I'm actually weird! - you don't even want to see your sister naked German: Ich will das nicht sehen und ich bin sicher, sie will mich nicht nackt sehen haha dein Gesicht! für mich ist es das normalste überhaupt Ich bin verrückt ... Ich bin die schlechteste Person, die über dieses Zeug sprechen kann Leute, das sind all die Probleme, die ich für dieses Video herausfinden konnte Deutsche, falls ihr zuschaut und etwas anderes erlebt habt, teilt uns dies bitte in den Kommentaren mit auf eine normale, nette Art und Weise Nein, ich denke, was wir gesagt haben, war gut und ich mag Deutsch tatsächlich sehr und anfangs war es für mich schwer mich an einige dieser Dinge zu gewöhnen aber jetzt schätze ich sie sehr und Leuten, lasst es uns wissen, ob ihr hören wollt, was ich über Mexikaner zu sagen habe Ich werde beleidigt sein, dude! Ich habe viel zu sagen Also Leute, wenn ihr dieses Video mögt, gebt uns einen Daumen hoch, abonniert unseren Kanal, wenn ihr es noch nicht gemacht habt und wir sehen uns nächste Woche Adios muchachos! tschüss! Weißt du, wie viele mexikanische Mädchen ich geküsst habe? wie viele? eine Ich muss zu der Nummer kommen, die du hast Spanish: iuugh no quiero ver eso y estoy segura de que ella no quiere verme desnuda jaja tu cara! para mi es la cosa mas normal Soy un bicho raro ... soy la peor persona para hablar de estas cosas así que chicos, esos son todos los problemas que pude pensar para este video Alemanes en caso de que estén mirando y hayan experimentado algo diferente, háganoslo saber en los comentarios. de una manera normal, agradable No, creo que lo que dijimos fue bueno. y en realidad me gusta mucho Alemania y algunas de estas cosas son cosas a las que me fue difícil acostumbrarme al principio pero ahora las valoro mucho Entonces, hombre, háganos saber si quieren escuchar lo que tengo que decir sobre los mexicanos. Me voy a ofender! tengo mucho que decir así que, si les gustó este video, avísenos, suscríbanse a nuestro canal si aún no lo han hecho. y nos vemos la semana que viene adios muchachos! ¡tschüss! ¿Sabes cuántas chicas mexicanas besé? ¿cuántas? una Tengo que llegar a ese número que tienes. Spanish: iuugh no quiero ver eso y estoy segura de que ella no quiere verme desnuda jaja tu cara! para mi es la cosa mas normal Soy un bicho raro ... soy la peor persona para hablar de estas cosas así que chicos, esos son todos los problemas que pude pensar para este video Alemanes en caso de que estén mirando y hayan experimentado algo diferente, háganoslo saber en los comentarios. de una manera normal, agradable No, creo que lo que dijimos fue bueno. y en realidad me gusta mucho Alemania y algunas de estas cosas son cosas a las que me fue difícil acostumbrarme al principio pero ahora las valoro mucho Entonces, hombre, háganos saber si quieren escuchar lo que tengo que decir sobre los mexicanos. Me voy a ofender! tengo mucho que decir así que, si les gustó este video, avísenos, suscríbanse a nuestro canal si aún no lo han hecho. y nos vemos la semana que viene adios muchachos! ¡tschüss! ¿Sabes cuántas chicas mexicanas besé? ¿cuántas? una Tengo que llegar a ese número que tienes. English: iuugh I don't want to see that and I'm sure she doesn't want to see me naked haha your face! for me the most normal thing ever I'm a weirdo... I'm the worst person to be speaking about this stuff so guys those are all of the problems that I could figure out for this video Germans in case you're watching and you've experienced something differently then please let us know in the comments in a normal, nice way no I think what we said was good and I actually like German a lot and some of these things are things that were difficult for me to get used to in the beginning but now I value them a lot so and guy let us know if you want to listen to what I have to say about Mexicans I'm gonna get offended dude! I have a lot to say so guys, if you like this video give us a thumbs up, subscribe to our channel if you're not already and we'll see you next week adios muchachos! tschüss! you know how many Mexican girls I kissed? how many? one I have to get to that number that you have English: so send me an inbox no Janik stop doing that, for real, I don't like that the problem with dating a Mexican jealousy another problem with dating a Mexican very emotional guys this video is over.. the temper is difficult oh my god problem when dating a German: they take three hours to say one sentence because they cannot think properly problem when dating a German: they think they're funny but their humor doesn't make sense... German: Also sendet mir eine Nachricht nein Janik hör auf das zu tun, im Ernst, das gefällt mir nicht das Problem, eine Mexikaner zu daten... Eifersucht Ein weiteres Problem eine Mexikaner zu daten... sehr emotional Leute, dieses video ist vorbei .. Das Temperament ist... schwierig Oh Gott Problem beim Daten eines Deutschen: sie brauchen drei Stunden, um einen Satz zu sagen, weil sie nicht richtig denken können Problem beim Daten eines Deutschen: Sie denken, sie sind lustig, aber ihr Humor ergibt keinen Sinn ... Spanish: así que envíame un mensaje No Janik deja de hacer eso, de verdad, no me gusta eso. el problema de salir con una mexicana celos Otro problema con salir con una mexicana muy emocional chicos este video ha terminado .. de genio difícil Oh Dios mío problema al salir con un alemán: tardan tres horas en decir una frase porque no pueden pensar correctamente Problema al salir con un alemán: piensan que son divertidos pero su humor no tiene sentido ... Spanish: así que envíame un mensaje No Janik deja de hacer eso, de verdad, no me gusta eso. el problema de salir con una mexicana celos Otro problema con salir con una mexicana muy emocional chicos este video ha terminado .. de genio difícil Oh Dios mío problema al salir con un alemán: tardan tres horas en decir una frase porque no pueden pensar correctamente Problema al salir con un alemán: piensan que son divertidos pero su humor no tiene sentido ...

My revolution begins in the body It isn’t waiting anymore My revolution does not need approval or permission It happens because it has to happen in each neighborhood, village, city or town at gatherings of tribes, fellow students, women at the market, on the bus It may be gradual and soft It may be spontaneous and loud It may be happening already It may be found in your closet, your drawers, your gut, your legs, your multiplying cells in the naked mouth of taut nipples and overflowing breasts My revolution is swelling from the insatiable drumming between my legs My revolution is willing to die for this My revolution is ready to live big My revolution is overthrowing the state Of mind called patriarchy My revolution will not be choreographed although it begins with a few familiar steps. My revolution is not violent but it does not shy away from the dangerous edges where fierce displays of resistance tumble into something new My revolution is in this body In these hips atrophied by misogyny In this jaw wired mute by hunger and atrocity My revolution is Connection not consumption Passion not profit Orgasm not ownership My revolution is of the earth and will come from her For her, because of her It understands that every time we frack or drill Or burn or violate the layers of her sacredness we violate the soul of our future My revolution is not ashamed to press my body down On her mud floor in front of Banyans, Cypress, Pine, Kalyaan, Oak, Chestnut, Mulberry Redwood, Sycamore trees To bow shamelessly to shocking yellow birds and rose blue setting skies, heart exploding purple bouganvillea and aqua sea My revolution gladly kisses the feet of mothers and nurses and servers and cleaners and nannies And healers and all who are life and give life My revolution is on its knees On my knees to every holy thing And to those who carry empire-made burdens in and on their heads and backs and hearts My revolution demands abandon Expects the original Relies on trouble makers, anarchists, poets, shamans, seers, sexual explorers Mystic travelers, tightrope walkers and those who go too far and feel too much, My revolution shows up unexpectedly It's not naïve but believes in miracles Cannot be categorized targeted branded Or even located Offers prophecy not prescription Is determined by mystery and ecstatic joy Requires listening Is not centralized though we all know where we’re going It happens in stages and all at once It happens where you live and everywhere It understands that divisions are diversions It requires sitting still and staring deep into my eyes Go ahead Love.

Today we gonna to do Home Tour and I'll tell you later about my home's entrance so hit Like to this video and do Subscribe to my channel here's my living area to which I've given Brown & Golden theme and here's Lord Bhudha's Painting and this is my favourite seat where I usually have tea in the morning and also sometimes family gossips occurs too here and here's the side table where we kept these Statues and here on this wall we keep souvenir of the place wherever we go....to keep memory and a small Balcony here where we keep natural plants for fresh air so here's in this living area has a capacity of 7 Persons and here's the centre table with ample storage so here I keep some stuffs and this was the servant room with attached Toilet but we extended this area with out living area and this is the toilet to which we converted into store room store room isn't in a condition to show :-) as all the useless stuff like which is in need only once a year & all the daily wear shoes all these we store here and in this partition Cookwithnisha Crockery which we use to take Thumbnail shots and here we keep the miscellaneous item here we keep the grocery in this storage and here the dining area and to keep it slight different we keep here a textured wooden wall and here are the beautiful mirrors moving a little ahead here's my Kitchen where I cook so many awesome recipes which I share with you we keep kitchen in Grey and white theme and this is my Mother-in-law's bedroom and there's two speciality about this bedroom first the awesome view we've from here and the second one is this comfortable wakefit mattresses which comes with orthopaedic memory foam and yeah washable mattresses covers too with two firmness level so you can use it inter changeably also you can get it on 100 days trial period so if you don't them within this period you can return it with full refund also comes with 10 years warranty so take it and sleep comfortably so lets ask her how did she like these mattresses its too good I sleep so comfortably on it and here's the awesome view about which I already told yo fell love with this view when we bought this house probably this might be the reason that we bought this house here's the attached toilet here's a small TV here are two cupboards for ample storage for this room here's the Mandir now moving to that portion on my house to which i think there's no need to explain it as you've watched it so many times in videos and you liked it too and that's my daughter Anantya's Room Anaya often comes here.. and we're playing with our dolls we kept it in Butterfly Theme and we had shifted here six years back and we're thinking to renovate this room so you can suggest which theme should we keep for this room? and here's Anantya's study table and this is my favourite Guitar purse and this is my sweet little bed so we need ample, light and space in a kid's room too so here's another utility Balcony along with this room so ample light & air enters from here which is needed for a perfect room and major part of my room is my doll house now move on to our next room wall paper... so what would you like to say about these?? this is the wall paper of my favourite colour PINK and I really like these mermaids imprinted on it and opposite to this side there's a common Washroom and we have it in Black and grey theme which small and simple but adorable and here's my Bed room here's a TV unit in front of Bed here we keep some space for storage so here are four small drawers to store small stuffs and here's the window... you can see the view from here and here's the Balcony so lets go towards it... its really a fun to have tea & Pakode here if its raining isn't it awesome view??? and here's the storage cupboard area to give a different effect here we have wooden panels for lighting there's a washroom in this room too so Basically my house is 3 BHK and here's the dressing area below it there are two drawers to keep my stuffs in video starting I told you to explain you about the entrance later but first meet her which responds to our claps we buy these small souvenir where ever we go on trip... now moving towards our house entrance which is in "Walk in the Woods" theme so you can see the wooden panel sheet here and here's our own DIY we colour these wooden sticks to give an art effect this is the door's handle in tree's shape

Chinese: 派系 - 德國軍隊- 第一次世界 戰爭。 德國被公認為擁有 世界上最有效的軍隊。 利用群眾徵兵 其次是短期服兵役 儲備期較長。 重點 被高質量的訓練 同時保持高數量 有經驗的高級官員。 而凱撒 威廉二世是官員 總司令，軍長 工作人員，赫爾穆特·馮·毛奇是 在該領域的有效領導者。 他是 其次是從埃里希·馮·法金漢 1914年至1916年，然後是保羅·馮興登堡 從1916年到 1918年，1914年,德國 軍隊有70萬人。 但在一個星期內， 儲備金被要求服務 有380萬人被動員起來。 通過 1916年中期，285萬 士兵在西方服役 前面有170萬的服務 Vietnamese: Phe phái--Quân Đội Đức--Thế Chiến 1 Đế Quốc Đức(1871-1918) được công nhận là có một đội quân hiệu quả nhất thế giới Đế Quốc Đức(1871-1918) được công nhận là có một đội quân hiệu quả nhất thế giới họ sử dụng khối lượng thỏa thuận cho dịch vụ quân sự ngắn hạn tiếp theo cho một khoảng thời gian dài hơn trong dự trữ.Nhấn mạnh được đặt vào đào tạo chất lượng cao trong khi duy trì số lượng lớn nhân viên cao cấp có kinh nghiệm họ sử dụng khối lượng thỏa thuận cho dịch vụ quân sự ngắn hạn tiếp theo cho một khoảng thời gian dài hơn trong dự trữ.Nhấn mạnh được đặt vào đào tạo chất lượng cao trong khi duy trì số lượng lớn nhân viên cao cấp có kinh nghiệm họ sử dụng khối lượng thỏa thuận cho dịch vụ quân sự ngắn hạn tiếp theo cho một khoảng thời gian dài hơn trong dự trữ.Nhấn mạnh được đặt vào đào tạo chất lượng cao trong khi duy trì số lượng lớn nhân viên cao cấp có kinh nghiệm họ sử dụng khối lượng thỏa thuận cho dịch vụ quân sự ngắn hạn tiếp theo cho một khoảng thời gian dài hơn trong dự trữ.Nhấn mạnh được đặt vào đào tạo chất lượng cao trong khi duy trì số lượng lớn nhân viên cao cấp có kinh nghiệm họ sử dụng khối lượng thỏa thuận cho dịch vụ quân sự ngắn hạn tiếp theo cho một khoảng thời gian dài hơn trong dự trữ.Nhấn mạnh được đặt vào đào tạo chất lượng cao trong khi duy trì số lượng lớn nhân viên cao cấp có kinh nghiệm họ sử dụng khối lượng thỏa thuận cho dịch vụ quân sự ngắn hạn tiếp theo cho một khoảng thời gian dài hơn trong dự trữ.Nhấn mạnh được đặt vào đào tạo chất lượng cao trong khi duy trì số lượng lớn nhân viên cao cấp có kinh nghiệm khi vua Kaiser Wilhelm 2 là chỉ huy chính thức, khi vua Kaiser Wilhelm 2 là chỉ huy chính thức đội trưởng quân đội,Helmoth von Moltke là chỉ huy hiệu quả nhất trên chiến trường đội trưởng quân đội,Helmoth von Moltke là chỉ huy hiệu quả nhất trên chiến trường ông ta được kế tục bởi tướng Erich von Falkenhayn từ năm 1914-1916 ông ta được kế tục bởi tướng Erich von Falkenhayn từ năm 1914-1916 và cuối cùng là tướng Paul von Hindenburg từ năm 1916-1918 và cuối cùng là tướng Paul von Hindenburg từ năm 1916-1918 vào năm 1914,quân đội đức có 700 nghìn lính,nhưng chỉ trong tuần đầu của cuộc chiến số lính có thể tham chiến được kêu gọi để đi chiến và có tổng cộng 3.8 triệu lính đi chiến đấu(nhanh vãi) vào giữa năm 1916,có 2.85 triệu lính chiến đấu tại mặt trận phía tây vào giữa năm 1916,có 2.85 triệu lính chiến đấu tại mặt trận phía tây và 1.7 triệu còn lại chiến đấu ở mặt trận phía đông Swedish: Fraktion-Den Tyska Armen-Första Världs kriget. Tyskland erkändes som att ha mest effektiva armen i världen. Det utnyttjade massbidrag för kortvarig militär tjänst följt av en längre period i reserverna. Betoning placerades på högkvalitativ träning samtidigt som ett högt antal uppleva högre tjänstemän. Medan Kaiser Wilhelm den Andra var tjänstemannen Överbefälhavare, armechefen av personal, Helmuth von Moltke var effektiv ledare inom området. Han var följt av Erich von Falkenhayn från 1914 till 1916 och sedan Paul von Hindenburg från 1916 till 1918. År 1914, den Tyska Armen hade 700.000 män. Men inom en vecka, reserverna uppmanades till service och 3,8 miljoner män mobiliserades. av mitten av 1916, 2,85 miljoner Soldater tjänstgjorde på väst Fronten medan 1,7 miljoner serveras på German: Fraktion -- Die Deutsche Armee -- Der Erste Weltkrieg Deutschland wurde als die effizienteste Armee der Welt anerkannt Es nutzte Massenverfolgung für den kurzfristigen Militärdienst, gefolgt von einem längeren Zeitraum in den Reserven Der Schwerpunkt lag auf qualitativ hochwertige Ausbildung Unter Beibehaltung einer hohen Anzahl von erfahrenen leitenden Offizieren. Während Kaiser Wilhelm Der II der offizielle Oberbefehlshaber, der Armee war, war Helmuth von Moltke ein effektiverer Leiter im Feld. Er wurde von 1914 bis 1916 von Erich von Falkenhayn gefolgt und dann von 1916 bis 1918 von Paul von Hindenburg. und dann von 1916 bis 1918 von Paul von Hindenburg. 1914, hatte die Deutsche Armee 700,000 Soldaten. Und in einer Woche, wurden die Reserven für den Dienst aufgerufen und somit wurden es 3,8 Millionen. In Mitte 1916, dienten 2,85 Millionen Soldaten in der Western Front Während 1,7 Millionen in der Modern Greek (1453-): Τομέας- Ο Γερμανικός Στρατός- Α΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος. Η Γερμανία αναγνωριζόταν πως είχε αποτελεσματικό στρατό στον κόσμο. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε μαζική στρατολόγηση για μικρή στρατιωτική θητεία την οποία ακολουθούσε μια μεγαλύτερη περίοδος στην πολιτοφυλακή. Δώθηκε έμφαση στην υψηλού επιπέδου εκπαίδευση ενώ υπήρχε ένα υψηλό επίπεδο απο έμπειρους ανώτερους αξιωματικούς. Ενώ ο Κάιζερ Γουίλχελμ ο Β' ήταν ο επίσημος αρχηγός εν-δράση, ο στρατιωτικός αρχηγός προσωπικού, ο Χέλμουτ φον Μόλτκε ήταν ο αποτελεσματικός αρχηγός στο πεδίο. Μετά απο αυτόν ακολούθησε ο Έρικ φον Βόλκενχαϊμ απο το 1914 ως το 1916 και μετά ο Πωλ φον Χίντερνμπεργκ απο το 1916 ως το 1918. Το 1914, ο Γερμανικός Στρατός είχε 700.000 άντρες. Μα μέσα σε μια εβδομάδα, οι πολιτοφύλακες καλέστηκαν για υπηρεσία και 3,8 εκκατομύρια άντρες κινητοποιήθηκαν. Ως τα μέσα του 1916, 2,85 εκκατομύριοι στρατιώτες υπηρετούσαν στο Δυτικό Μέτωπο ενώ 1,7 εκκατομύρια ήταν στο Hungarian: A Német Császári Hadsereg az Első Világháborúban. Úgy tartják Németországnak volt a leghatékonyabb hadserege a világon. A tömeges besorozásokat rövid idejű katonai szolgálattal oldották meg melyet egy hosszabb tartalékos rendszer követett. A fő hangsúlyt a magas szintű kiképzésre helyezték miközben az alakulatokat nagyszámú tapasztalt altisztek vezették. Míg II. Vilmos császár volt a hivatalos főparancsnok, Helmuth von Moltke vezérkari főnök volt az igazi vezető. Őt követte Erich von Falkenhayn 1914 és 1916 között, majd Paul von Hindenburg 1916-tól 1918-ig. 1914-ben A Császári Hadseregnek 700.000 katonája volt. De egy héten belül, behívták a tartalékosokat és így 3.8 millió katonát sikerült mozgósítani. 1916 közepéig 2.85 millió katona szolgált a Nyugati fronton míg 1.7 millió Spanish: Facción - El ejército alemán - La Primera Guerra Mundial Alemania se reconoció por tener el ejército más efectivo del mundo. Utilizaba el reclutamiento de masas para servicios militares a corto plazo seguidos por un periodo más largo en la reserva. Se puso énfasis en el entrenamiento de calidad a la vez que manteniendo un alto número de oficiales experimentados. Mientras que el káiser Guillermo II era el comandante en jefe oficial, el jefe de personal del ejército, Helmuth von Moltke, era el líder efectivo en el campo. Lo siguió Erich von Falkenhayn de 1914 a 1916 y luego Paul von Hindenburg de 1916 a 1918. En 1914, el ejército alemán tenía 700.000 hombres. Pero en una semana, se llamaron a las reservas y se movilizaron a 3,8 millones de hombres. Hacia mediados de 1916, 2,85 millones de soldados servían en el Frente Occidental mientras que 1,7 millones servían en el Italian: Fazione -- L'Esercito Tedesco -- La Prima Guerra Mondiale. La Germania era conosciuta per avere l'esercito più efficiente al mondo. Utilizzò la coscrizione di massa per servizio militare di breve durata seguita da un periodo più lungo nelle riserve. L'enfasi venne posta sull'addestramento di alta qualità mantenendo un alto numero di numerosi ufficiali anziani esperti. Mentre il Kaiser Guglielmo II era il comandante in capo ufficiale, il capo del personale dell'esercito, Helmuth von Moltke era il leader effettivo nel campo. Venne seguito da Erich von Falkenhayn dal 1914 al 1916 e poi da Paul von Hindenburg dal 1916 al 1918. Nel 1914, l'Esercito Tedesco contava 700.000 uomini. Ma entro una settimana, le riserve vennero richiamate per il servizio e vennero mobilitati 3.800.000 di uomini. Dalla metà del 1916, 2.850.000 di soldati stavano combattendo sul Fronte Occidentale mentre 1.700.000 soldati combatterono sul English: Faction -- The German Army -- The First World War. Germany was recognized as having the most efficient army in the world. It utilized mass conscription for short-term military service followed by a longer period in the reserves. Emphasis was placed on high-quality training while maintaining a high number of experienced senior officers. While Kaiser Wilhelm the Second was the official commander-in-chief, the army chief of staff, Helmuth von Moltke was the effective leader in the field. He was followed by Erich von Falkenhayn from 1914 to 1916 and then Paul von Hindenburg from 1916 to 1918. In 1914, the German Army had 700,000 men. But within a week, the reserves were called up for service and 3.8 million men were mobilized. By mid-1916, 2.85 million soldiers were serving on the Western Front while 1.7 million served on the Turkish: 1. Dünya Savaşı : Alman Ordusu Almanya'ya göre.. ...orduları dünyanın en iyi ordusuydu. Zorunlu askerlik... ...kısa dönem askerlik hizmeti yerine geldi.Ve bunu takiben askerlik süresi uzatıldı. Deneyimli üst düzey subay yetiştirmek için.... ...iyi bir eğitime önem verildi. 2. Wilhelm başkomutandı. Ordu Genel Şefi... ...Helmuth von Molthe ... Savaş alanında etkili bir komutandı. Ondan sonra gelen Erich von Falkenhayn 1914-16 arası ve Paul von Hindenburg 1916-18 arası hizmet etti. 1914'te Alman Ordusu... ...700bin kişiydi.Fakat 1 hafta içinde ... ...yedek birlikler de orduya katıldı... ...ve toplam 3.8 milyon kişi seferberliğe katılmış oldu. 1916 ortasında , 2.85 milyon asker... ...Batı Cephesi'nde iken... 1.7 milyon asker... German: Ost Front dienten. Es gab 8 Armeekommandos und weitere 10 wurden während des Krieges kreiert. Insgesamte mobilisierung während des Krieges für Deutschland waren 11 Millionen Soldaten. Als Der Erste Weltkrieg zu ende war in November 1918, erlitt Die Deutsche Armee schätzungsweise 5 Millionen Opfer, darunter 1,8 Millionen toten. Der Vertrag Von Versailles nach dem Krieg, schränkte die Deutsche Armee auf nur maximal 100,000 Soldaten. Wenn dir das gefallen hat, dann besuch doch meinen Kanal BLaacK and WhitE und Abonniere noch Heute :)! Swedish: Östra Fronten. det var 8 armeer kommandon och ytterligare 10 skapade under kriget. Totalt Mobilisering under kriget för Tyskland uppgick till 11 miljoner soldater. när Det Första Världskriget kom till en och in November 1918, Den Tyska Armen hade led en uppskattad 5 miljoner förluster, inklusive 1,8 miljoner döda. Versailles fördrag som följer krig skulle begränsa den Tyska armen till bara 100.000 män. Titta på våra andra videoklipp att lära sig mer. Få din kopia av Simple History- Första världs kriget. tillgänglig på Amazon, nu. Vietnamese: và 1.7 triệu còn lại chiến đấu ở mặt trận phía đông đã có 8 lệnh quân đội và hơn 10 được tạo ra trong chiến tranh đã có 8 lệnh quân đội và hơn 10 được tạo ra trong chiến tranh tổng số lính được huy động trong chiến tranh của đức lên tới 11 triệu lính tổng số lính được huy động trong chiến tranh của đức lên tới 11 triệu lính khi chiến tranh thế giới thứ 1 kết thúc vào năm 1918 khi chiến tranh thế giới thứ 1 kết thúc vào năm 1918 quân đội đức đã nhận 5 triệu thiệt hại bao gồm 1.8 lính đã chết quân đội đức đã nhận 5 triệu thiệt hại bao gồm 1.8 lính đã chết hiệp ước Versailes sau cuộc chiến đã giảm số lượng lính đức chỉ còn 100 nghìn người hiệp ước Versailes sau cuộc chiến đã giảm số lượng lính đức chỉ còn 100 nghìn người hiệp ước Versailes sau cuộc chiến đã giảm số lượng lính đức chỉ còn 100 nghìn người English: Eastern Front. There were 8 army commands and a further 10 created during the war. Total mobilization during the war for Germany totalled 11 million soldiers. When the First World War came to an end in November 1918, the German army had suffered an estimated 5 million casualties, including 1.8 million dead. The Treaty of Versailles following the war would restrict the German army to just 100,000 men. Watch our other videos to learn more. Get your copy of Simple History -- World War 1. Available on Amazon, now. Italian: Fronte Orientale. C'erano 8 comandi dell'esercito e altri 10 vennero aggiunti durante la guerra. La mobilitazione totale durante la guerra per la Germania portò 11.000.000 di soldati. Quando la Prima Guerra Mondiale giunse alla fine nel Novembre 1918, l'Esercito Tedesco soffrì una stima di 5.000.000 di vittime, inclusi 1.800.000 di morti. Il Trattato di Versailles alla fine della guerra impose di ridurre l'Esercito Tedesco di soli 100.000 uomini. Guarda altri video per imparare altro. Ricevi la tua copia di Simple History -- Prima Guerra Mondiale. Disponibile ora su Amazon. Turkish: ...Doğu Cephesi'ndeydi. Toplam 8 ordu vardı ayrıca 10 ordu da savaş sırasında oluşturuldu. Savaş sırasındaki toplam seferberlik... ...11 milyon askere ulaştı. 1. Dünya Savaşı sonunda, Kasım 1918'de Almanya... 5 milyon kayıp vermişti. Bunların 1.8 milyonu ölüydü. Savaş sonunda Versay Antlaşması imzalandı.Bu antlaşmaya göre... ...Almanya 100 bin askeri geçmeyecek şartla ordu bulundurabilecekti. Özgür Uçar tarafından çevrilmiştir. Chinese: 東方陣線 有8支軍隊 命令和另外10個創建 戰爭。 戰爭期間的總動員 德國總共有1100萬士兵。 什麼時候 第一次世界大戰結束了 1918年11月，德國軍隊 估計有500萬 傷亡人數包括180萬人死亡。 凡爾賽條約遵循 戰爭將限制德軍 只有10萬人。觀看我們的其他視頻 了解更多。 獲取您的簡單歷史 - 世界的副本 戰爭1.現在在亞馬遜上可用。 Hungarian: a Keleti fronton. 8 hadsereg parancsnokság volt és további 10-et hoztak még létre később. A teljes mozgósítással Németország összesen 11 millió katonával büszkélkedhetett. Amikor az Első Világháború véget ért 1918 novemberében, Németország vesztesége nagyjából 5 millió fő volt, melyből 1.8 millióan haltak meg. A háború után a Versailles-i békeszerződés szerint a Német Hadsereg létszáma nem lépheti túl a 100.000 főt. Nézd meg a többi videonkat is, hogy többet is megtudhass. Szerezd meg te is az "Egyszerűbb történelem- Az Első Világháború" c. kötet egyikét, melyet megtalálhatsz az Amazon-on. Modern Greek (1453-): Ανατολικό Μέτωπο. Υπήρχαν 8 στρατιωτικές εντολές και δημιουργήθηκαν άλλες 10 κατά την διάρκεια του πολέμου. Η ολική κινητοποιήση κατά την διάρκεια του πολέμου για την Γερμανία συνολικά ήταν 11 εκκατομύρια στρατιώτες. Όταν ο Α' Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος τελείωσε τον Νοέμβριο του 1918, ο Γερμανικός στρατός είχε υποφέρει 5 εκκατομύρια απώλειες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων 1,8 εκκατομυριών νεκρών. Η Συνθήκη των Βερσαλίων μετά τον πόλεμο θα μείωνε τον Γερμανικό στρατό στους μόλις 100.000 άντρες. Spanish: Frente Oriental. Había 8 mandos del ejército y se crearon 10 más durante la guerra. La movilización total durante la guerra para Alemania fue de 11 millones de soldados. Cuando la Primera Guerra Mundial llegó a su fin en noviembre de 1918, el ejército alemán había sufrido unas 5 millones de bajas estimadas, incluidos 1,8 millones de muertos. El Tratado de Versalles después de la guerra restringiría el ejército alemán a solo 100.000 hombres.

It's understandable that American music has lagged somewhat behind Europe. After all, the U.S. is a very young nation and culture usually needs centuries to develop. But America has played a very successful game of catch-up over the past 150 years, with music that developed during a modern era of world wars, the rise of mass communications, cinema and big business. And classical composers were just as likely to be writing for jazz bands, movies and musicals, as they were for the Symphony Orchestra. And of course most of them did. But the seed the heart of American music was, in fact, European. In the 1920s, for example, just 20 members of the New York Philharmonic were actually American born. And lets not forget that the first American masterpiece, the New World Symphony, was written by that Czech composer, Antonín Dvořák. Major composing names to emerge from the U.S. at the start of the 20th century included Edward McDowell and Louis Gottschalk, both of whom had actually studied in Europe. But gradually out of the shadows rose some startingly original voices. Including, the first great homespun talent, Charles Ives, whose own brand of crazy modernism, blending Baptist Church hymns with marching band music. It far outstripped anything that had been written in Europe at the end of the 19th century. And as jazz developed out of the spiritual tradition, composers such as Aaron Copland, use their modal harmonies and unusual rhythms to create something of a national voice. And lets not forget the likes of Russian composer Igor Stravinsky, who's move to the U.S. in 1939 was a huge influence on the new wave of American composers. And as jazz, Broadway musicals by Cole Porter, Rodgers and Hammerstein and musical sweatshops of Tin Pan Alley took hold, a young man called George Gershwin, muddied the waters still more composing Porgy and Bess, a work that still divides over whether as a musical or a genuine opera. That mix of commercial and serious art continued with Leonard Bernstein, Frank Zappa, and more recently Wynton Marsalis, all of whose music refuses to be categorised. On the other side of the musical coin, post-war America was pioneering a new type of experimental music, thanks to John Cage, a man whose ideas of music challenged our very notion of what music is. From his prepared pianos, to 4′33″, an ode to ambient noises, and now an iconic work of art, equally revered and mocked. And minimalist composers, such as Steve Reich and Philip Glass were looking to Africa and Asia for their own brand of hypnotic sounds. Techniques that then made their way back across the Atlantic to Europe. The cultural direction of travel was starting to reverse. American music had established itself. Thank you for listening if you enjoyed this video, click the like button and subscribe. Discover more classical music content at colstonhall.org/classical

A NORTH CAROLINA WOMAN HAS A SPEAKING ROLE IN A CLAN EASTWOOD FILM. SHE BOOKED THE PART THROUGH A TALENT AGENCY. SHE PLAYS A BIKER CHICK WHO CLINT'S CHARACTER MISTAKES FOR A MAN. I WAS A BIKER AND MY BIKE WAS BROKEN DOWN. HE CALLS ME A GUY AND I WAS LIKE, SON? WHO ARE YOU CALLING SON? THE MOVIE IS IN THEATERS TODAY AND SHE WILL WATCH IT WITH THE REST OF HER TALENT AGENCY. YOU CAN BEAT HER SUNDAY AT 3.

Kids Hip Hop Dance Choreography Hiphop Dance Kids

What's up? I'm seeing a lot of talk lately about the failure of atheism. In the previous decade, atheism was on the rise in America, presuming to offer a better alternative to religion. Now some are saying that atheism failed to create its own values, and quite a few atheists are going back to religion. So I want to suggest some ground rules for atheists, for how you can live a meaningful life, with values. Before I start, I want to apologize for not uploading much lately. The reason for it is that I am writing another book. My previous book was more academic, but this one is more like my videos. In fact, it is basically all of my videos rolled into one book. And I am a much better writer than I am a speaker. So, if you like my videos, you have something to look forward to. I'm hoping to be done by November, and I will let you know where you can purchase it. So, atheism. Now, of course it doesn't surprise me that the atheism has reached a dead end. I've been telling you all along that atheism is not enough. Atheism doesn't have values, because atheism cannot have values, because atheism is not a worldview. It is just something that you are not. You still have to figure out what you are. Atheists like to say that they rely on reason and scientific exploration. Ok, but that's not enough. Science can only give you facts. You still need a metaphysics to put all these facts together. When you have a metaphysics, you can form a worldview, and based on that worldview you can create identities, values, ethics, etc. Now, the problem is, there are many possible metaphysics, many possible worldviews. How can you tell which one is the right one? Reason and science cannot give you the answer. Science deals with physics, not metaphysics. We have no way of telling which metaphysics is the right one, you can only tell which one is the right one for you. And you do it based on intuition. For instance, I adopt Nietzschean metaphysics. Nietzsche rejected the idea that the universe is made of dead matter. He philosophized that every body in the universe is self-driven, and wants to conquer the bodies around it and shape them, or devour them in order to shape itself in a more powerful way. Based on this metaphysics, he explained all the known phenomena, and created his worldview and his ethics. This worldview speaks to me because I am creative, so the idea that I am made of a substance that wants to shape the world is very appealing. It is a worldview that allows me to organize my life in a way that expresses my creativity. Now, can I prove any of it? No, but it doesn't matter. It makes me happy, and that is enough. Now, the first thing that you should ask me is: ok, then how is that different from blind faith? And the answer is that adopting a worldview isn't the end of it. You have to maintain a critical mind, and always criticize your worldview to see if it is still the right one for you. There are three criteria that you should measure it by. The first criterion is: does it still fit with the known facts? Because remember, the metaphysics is a way to explain the facts. If you encounter a new fact that refutes the metaphysics, you have to factor it in and reconsider your belief. Secondly, does it still make you happy? Because as you grow older, you change. Your intuitions change. What once made you happy doesn't any more. If your worldview no longer makes you happy, you have to ditch it in favor of a better one. And the third and final criterion is: is it moral? Now, here is where people have had a problem with me in the past, because I am a relativist. I don't believe that there is one worldview that is right, but that there are many valid ones. Doesn't that also mean that I think that every culture has its own morality, and that they are all valid? And the answer is that while I am a cultural relativist, I am not a moral relativist. Morality is universal. It is rooted in our nature as a social animal. Some people claim that it was religion that gave us universal morality. This claim has always been very weird to me. What does the Bible say? Thou shall murder; thou shall not steal. What is murder? Murder is the illegitimate killing of someone. What is theft? Theft is the illegitimate annexing of property. So what the Bible says is: don't do what is illegitimate. Or, to put it more simply: thou shall not do what thou shouldn't do. In other words, the Bible assumes that we already know the difference between right and wrong. And it assumes it because it's in our nature to know it. Those who don't know the difference between right and wrong, we put in insane asylums. Now, I am not saying that it is in our nature to DO what is right; but it is in our nature to know what is right. We don't need religion for it. So, we all know that it is wrong to murder, steal, rape etc. But we also agree that sometimes it is justified to kill someone, in cases when it is the only way to prevent greater suffering. And here is where worldviews might differ from each other, because one worldview might lead you to the conclusion that killing is justified, in cases that other worldviews will disagree. How do we know which is right? Well, the thing you should ask yourself is: is the conclusion based on reason, or on faith? Let's say that you see someone running with a knife towards a group of people, and shouting 'Allahu Akbar'. And the only way to stop him would be shoot and kill him. In this case, killing him would be justified by reason. Your senses give you empirical data, your prior knowledge tells you that you are watching a terrorist attack, and your logic deduces that you must shoot to kill, because that's the only way to prevent greater misery. This is pure reason. Now, let's take another example. Let's take something from my worldview. Nietzsche believes that the stronger you are in spirit, the happier you become. This implies that if we get rid of all the snowflakes, humanity will become happier. So I might be tempted to want to kill these people, for the common good. But remember, I have no way of proving that Nietzsche's worldview is right. I adopt it based on intuition, on faith. So to rely on it to justify the killing of other people would be immoral. Now, those two examples are extreme. In real life, it is usually not easy to tell when reason ends and faith begins. And sometimes reason isn't enough, and you have to act on faith. And yeah, this is what it means to be human. There is no religion or ideology that will help you to overcome this. In the end, it's always up to you to make the decision. You have to try your best to do the right thing. So, these are the three criteria. If your worldview fails the test, you must change it. Now, this entails a couple of more things. First, you must live in a free society, that will allow you to change. So fight to keep your society free. Don't be content with a society that tolerates your identity and worldview, but make sure that it tolerates all identities and worldviews. Because one day you will want to change, and then you might find yourself in the persecuted camp. The other thing it entails is that you must have empathy to all humans, because you don't know who will be in your group one day. Right now, you might have opposing worldviews, but in the future, you might be in the same group. So be against the position, not against the person holding it. Enough with all this demonizing people, cancelling people, destroying people. Come on. This is why you should be a moral person. Like I said before, it is in our nature to know the difference between right and wrong, but not necessarily to do what is right. It is in our nature to do what is right when it comes to people that we perceive to be similar to us. Those who are part of our group. We naturally feel empathy towards these people, so we don't want to harm them. We don't feel empathy to those that we perceive to be outside our group. We need to teach ourselves to do it. So, like I said: remind yourself that we all change, so anyone might be part of your group one day. If you harm them today, you might feel awful about it in the future. So, for your own self-interest, be a moral person. Don't harm people, and fight for the freedom of everyone. To sum up, you adopt a worldview based on your intuition. You keep a critical mind and measure your worldview according to the three criteria that I mentioned. You ditch your worldview once it no longer stands up to this criticism. You fight to preserve a free society. And you treat every human as your brother or sister. These are the ground rules for a happy atheist life. That's it, then. Short video. Like I said, I'm busy on my book. In the meantime, I may do more videos like this, where I talk to the camera. They are much less work. The problem is, it's hard for me to talk to you like this, because you look exactly like me. And I have to say, you are one sexy motherfucker. It's distracting. Anyway, see you soon.

in case anyone was wondering tonight I'm sampling corsair brown ale it is an English brown ale ... from a brewery in Quebec so today i'm going to be tinkering with and experimenting with these wii nunchuck controllers these two i got quite some time ago at a thrift store for a buck each I'm pretty confident that these are both knockoffs or aftermarkets or whatever that one says intertek on it this one says absolutely nothing except for the usual warnings so the reason that i grabbed these was that i know originally i grabbed them just because they've got some neat little sensors and things in them and then i spotted these little breakout boards on ebay which meet with the connector there's two pins on top and three on the bottom but only four of them actually do anything and that matches with that just like that so um with only four pins and they're actually labeled on here minus plus dc so voltage data and clock so that should be pretty straightforward to uh to interface with and i've already done a little bit of looking and i know that there is an arduino library or two out there for this thing but before i get to that this has screws in it obviously we're we're destined to take it apart and just see what all is in there you wouldn't expect anything else of me would you well it seems to come apart just kind of clam shelly where's the spudger here yeah so we got a top two little sides circuit board a few wires what are there five wires in there one of them's obviously ground and yeah we knew that there's five wires down there okay uh cap that looks quite similar to the little joystick modules that you can commonly find on ebay this kind of little modules well the shaft's a little bit different that one's got a narrower shaft on it than that one i wonder if they're all like that these these have different potentiometers now these ones all have a more sturdy plastic shaft on them yeah so oh does this one click it does okay but they are all pretty much the same internally um you've got two potentiometers this one on the side here for measuring that way this one for measuring that way and then there's a little clicky button you can see it better on here right there so five volts uh ground x y and switch so that's probably pretty similar on this one let's go deeper so two buttons on the front there on this little board here and then oh hello there's some brain boxing going on down there i wasn't expecting all that so there's two crystals on here that one's a 16 meg and that one's a four meg there's quite a little um mess of resistors there what the hell are those guys doing oh and there's another little chip hiding underneath them too okay so those are going to two different pads so hmm that looks pretty barge doesn't it so and it's hiding a chip under it labeled u4 then there's this main chip here 5851l qfp48 no idea and of course no idea what that thing is under that little blob there so basically we seem to have a microcontroller um something a couple of crystals another mystery chip under there and another mystery bob chip on this side so whatever's going on they don't really want us to know oh we got a capacitor a few other decoupling capacitors oh whatever so that wasn't entirely informative but i guess one of the things that we a couple of things we do know about it or can infer about it is that there is an accelerometer in there and there is some kind of a microcontroller i tried to look up that part number and of course there's nothing anywhere that i could find okay so that goes back together fairly straightforward i think not that it matters that much because i got two of them and they weren't dirt cheap so i think what i'm gonna do is try and dig up a library and some sample code and see if i can play with this well this looks promising it says you need a level shifter but i've found other projects that say you don't and this thing does run on 3.3 volts i'm going to try it without just for the hell of it it uses i2c which we saw earlier in the data and clock and sort of suspected that so that makes it pretty straightforward and easy to work with so you just connect it to the seo and sda it it doesn't get much simpler than that and i noticed that up earlier he was talking about using level shifter but down here he's not actually using one so whatever then there's this library this library here on this github i'll put a link down below if anybody wants to play with it and it comes with a demo sketch which is the same one that's in that article so this one you need uh processing in order to talk to it and get it to display its data i don't have that and i don't feel like setting it up but i don't have to because he's broken out what all the functions that the library provides are so i'm just going to take a few minutes and go ahead and get it to read all of those and i shall be back shortly alrighty here is that chunk of code that i've modified a little bit um just created a serial begin and then i've taken all of those functions from that web page and just told it to serial print them so that we can take a look at them nice and easy let's throw that on to uh some kind of an arduino board and hook it up and see what happens so here we have um all the different columns um the z button here the c button and then for each of the joystick x and y there's two different numbers there's a raw number here and then there's a kind of filtered or processed number here same for y so if i crank the joystick to the left we see the y change actually no we see the x change don't we sure x x raw and x change drastically crank it to the right that maxes it out up there the y changes and down the y changes again now then there's this angle one here it is doing some weird math on all on both axes of the joystick and coming up with a number i'll show you that a little bit more friendly way later um and here is the accelerator or the accelerometer again raw in x and processed in x raw in y and processed in y and z so if i twist my wrist around see that changing and tilt it and what are these three directions here there's that oh there's that and then there's this it's got to be an easier way to see this let's try the serial plotter although it's showing a whole bunch of different things so let me just do the accelerometer stuff again here's tilting it up see that changing and tilting it down rotating it rolling it to the right back to center and to the left and center and then rotating it this way it doesn't seem to do as much anyway here's the joystick moving around see that and the buttons i'm just going to take some of those parameters out so we can see this a little bit cleaner okay so now all i have showing is the joystick x and x raw y and y raw and the angle which is calculated out of that the documentation that i found says that it's done in radians so here we go this is just the joystick so if i go left center right center up center down center so that should be pretty easy to work with you'd think let me just uh swap this out again and just put the accelerometer stuff in here and i think i'll just put the raw accelerometer data in x-raw y-raw and z-raw nothing else i'm trying to hold this as steady as i can right now so if i do that i twist it a little bit let me go back to neutral again so that looks like that one is changing the red one and if i twist my wrist this way that's the blue one and so i guess how do i make that one go that's the red one definitely oh it's this way okay let me stabilize again here no that's the blue hmm i don't know anyway they all do something obviously um this is a little bit twitchy for me to interpret so that's definitely that direction and that's definitely that direction so just for fun i uh found this other uh other little project that also uses the uh the nunchuck this one's controlling servos which is kind of cool more background about this this guy claims that it can that the uh nunchuck can be connected to 5 volts i'm still leaving mine connected at a 3.3 it seems to be working fine this thing doesn't even use a nunchuck library it just uses wire.h which is the i2c library and the servo library which is kind of slick and here is the code that it can't this little webpage came with i'll link to that article too but here's where it came from originally now then i didn't write this and i haven't reverse engineered it too much okay so there is all the stuff on the serial monitor i can't remember what the that's just a count okay that's the joystick and the accelerometer and the buttons so again we'll push the buttons yeah that works move the joystick around just will it swivel it around for the accelerometer sure okay interesting whatever but let's look at what's happening in the real world so if you remember the two servos were mapped to the joystick that could come in handy for driving some kind of a vehicle or a robot or something well i'm sure there is more that can be done with these but that i mean now that we know how to read it especially from the previous sketch because i could re using the library which makes more sense to me because i can get numbers off any of the functions that this thing provides so it should be able to make it do make it control pretty much anything right that becomes the question what do i want to control with these hmm i don't know um it'll probably show up again and again when i just need a simple control i i could use these joysticks too but this is such a nice little ergonomic little package and two fire buttons even if i don't use the accelerometers because they're they seem a little twitchy um i don't know uh what i want to be weaving my hand around to make uh make things happen the joystick seems more intuitive to me i don't know uh anyway you have any ideas what i should do with this they're just fun i think i'll look out in the in the thrift stores for more of these things especially if i can find them for a buck assuming thrift stores have survived the you know uh plague anyway uh thanks for watching uh comments and questions and suggestions down below in the comment section as always thanks for watching i'll talk to you later

- Hi friends, it's Sam and I'm back from vacation! Now if you haven't seen my video about my trip to Mexico and what I ate while I was there, so much delicious vegan-ness. Be sure to check it out. I'll pop a link up here and one down in the description as well. So today, to continue the Mexico theme, I'm gonna make mixed vegetable fajitas. Oh, spicy and sizzly, delicious, love it. Now before we get to the fajita recipe, I gotta say a big huge thank you to you. It was my goal that by the end of April, I wanted to hit 10,000 subscribers. - Well your wish just came true. (cheering) - But thanks to you, I've already hit 10,000 subscribers and it's not the end of April and I'm almost at 11,000 subscribers. I'm blown away, amazed, so thank you so much for your support, for subscribing, for liking my videos and sharing them. It totally makes my day and I'm so glad that so many of you are enjoying my videos. Okay, so let's get to fajita making. So many things, so many delicious things! Alrighty, so these fajitas are just delicious mixed vegetable fajitas. Today, I am gonna use four colored peppers. You can use use whatever colors you like. Today, I have two red, an orange and a yellow. But if you like green, you can add that in. If you like only reds, you can do that. Whatever you like. I have a red onion. You could also use a yellow or a white onion if you prefer. Eight ounces of mushrooms, which is one of these little tubs, some cloves of garlic, tortillas. Just check to make sure they're vegan. Then I've got all sorts of toppings. I have a Chipotle salsa, some refried beans, avocado, lime, jalapeno, cilantro, and hot sauce. This would also be great with guacamole, with my cashew sour cream which is in my cookbook. When buying refried beans, just make sure to check the ingredients as sometimes, they contain lard. So obviously, buy the ones without lard. So I'm just gonna chop up all of these veggies and get them ready for the skillet. For the peppers, I'm gonna slice them nice and thick. You wanna keep the slices fairly thick. So that way, when they cook, you have nice hearty chunks of vegetables and it's not like small, chopped up pile of mush, ya know? Nice and thick is the way to go. Okay, I can't help it. Any time a pepper opens like this, you have to do this. Raaaa! Yeah, you know, that's what I do. Woo, love it, done! I have chopped all of my veggies, my big pile of peppers, my chunky onions, my sliced mushrooms and garlic and I've also prepped all of my toppings. You'll wanna prep these toppings ahead of time because once you start cooking, it goes pretty fast and you wanna be able to eat those fajitas right from that sizzling skillet, no waiting at all. Let's heat up the tortillas. You can use flour or corn tortillas, whatever you prefer and there are two ways that you can heat it up. The first method is using your oven to heat up the tortillas. So, just grab yourself a sheet of tin foil like so. Take a pile of tortillas and then wrap them up so they're all sealed in. Then just pop them in the oven and heat them up until they are warm and tender throughout. Delish. The second method you can use to heat up the tortillas is if you have a gas oven. If you have a gas oven like I do, you can just turn on a flame and put the tortilla directly over the flame and keep rotating it and turning it with some tongs so you don't burn your fingers until you have a lovely toasted tortilla. Let's hop over to the stove now and start sizzling up those veggies. Let's get cookin'. So, I've got my largest skillet here. Use whatever your largest frying pan or skillet is. You want as much room as possible so things can get browned on the bottom. To this, I'm gonna dad two tablespoons of light oil. One, two, pick up my shoe. Heat that up. Make sure the pan is covered with oil nicely. (humming) Okay, now that the oil's hot, I'm gonna add the onions. Mushrooms, stay behind. And the peppers. Ah, get in there. Nice! See this is why I want a large pan. Look at how full this thing is already. And to this, chili powder, cumin, salt, and smoked paprika for a little ooh, ahh, yeah. See it's already sizzling and popping like crazy. I love it. Now is that the sound of a fajita or what? All the spices are already smelling delicious as well. So you wanna make sure to keep stirring this every now and then to make sure the veggies are cooking evenly and nicely and perfectly and beautifully. Hello, hello, can you hear me? Noisiest meal ever. The peppers are just starting to soften. They still need to cook more. So this is the perfect time to add the mushrooms and garlic. Woo! Get in there. Stir that in. My veggies are nice and tender. The mushrooms have reduced in size. It smells gorgeous and fragrant. It's time to eat fajitas. Woo! So hot and sizzly and crackly and poppy, I love it. Heat safe, that's heat safe. Certainly hope it's heat safe. Oh my goodness, that smells so good! I love it, serving it right from the table like this is so fun. It makes me feel like you're at a restaurant in your own home. I have to turn this handle. It's making me nervous that it's gonna poke me in the stomach. Whew, so much better. I can relax now. If you do bring the pan directly to the table, of course, be very careful 'cause the whole pan is very hot and you don't wanna burn your little self. Okay, let's load up some deliciousness on this fajita. Oh, smells so good. I'm gonna do a little refried beans, some salsa, avocado, cilantro, I love cilantro. I know some people hate it and think it tastes like soap. Those people are wrong. Just kidding, but I love it. A squeeze of lime and a little tobacco 'cause I like spice. Oh yeah, how delicious is that? Oh my goodness. Mmm! Why are fajitas always so drippy and delicious? Oh, it's so yummy, so fresh. The spices on the vegetables are great. You have that combination of hot veggies and cold toppings which was really fun. It's a lovely fresh summer meal. So fun to make at home. This would also be a really fun recipe for a little bit of a party. You could bake the big plate of hot veggies, put em down in the middle of the table, have a whole bunch of toppings around and everyone can make their own fajitas as they please. Now as always, the link to the full recipe is down below in the description. So you can go click that, get all the full recipe instructions, print it out, make your salsa fajitas, yeah. I hope you like this fajita video and if you do, be sure to give a big huge like. It really helps me out here on my channel, so I appreciate it very, very much. Don't forget to subscribe for a brand new fuss free vegan video every single Wednesday. I'll see you next week! Bon appetegan! (upbeat music) ♪ Fajitas fajitas ♪ I don't know why fajitas make me wanna dance but they do. This sounds like a fun song that I should be playing. (upbeat music)

- This S100 at the Tour Down Under. - [All] Welcome to the GCN Tech Show! - Woo! - And I'm gonna be bringing you the latest and greatest tech that these guys are using. Go on guys! - And of course having already got an amazing tan, I've stayed back here in our beloved maintenance set where I'll be bringing you this week's big debate: metal versus carbon. And of course the second induction into the GCN Tech Wall of Fame with a little cameo from Captain Retro. (techno music) - What's hot in tech this week? Well, for a start, my body is absolutely scorching. Sadly, though, that is not tech, far from it. I would just actually like to thank, on that note, the people of Adelaide for making us feel so welcome here at the Tour Down Under. Your comments on how much you love GCN and everything we do has just been absolutely outstanding. And I'd really like to thank you all for coming up to us and telling us. Now time to raise the temperature just a little bit more as if I need to. How about these? Digital soles, heated insoles, spotted recently at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. Now the temperature range on these insoles is actually between 30 and 45 degrees centigrade and it's controlled through an app on your phone. They also track where you've been. Presumably that's also through the app and not through a GPS unit inside of the inner sole as that would be a little bit overkill I think. To charge up the insoles it's simply a USB cable. The battery life is between two to six hours depending on your desired output of temperature. Weight-wise, they come in at between 120 and 160 grammes. Finally, the price is $199. I think I'd probably pay that, actually, so I wouldn't get cold feet during the winter. Now I wonder if I can get a pair in time for my arrival back at GCN HQ. One thing's for certain, though, I do not need them right now. In fact, I need ice cold insoles. - Kask, together with team Sky have been working very closely together to bring you this. This is the brand new Utopia helmet which we just saw launch a couple days ago. The purpose of it is to have an aero helmet which is suitable for use even in hot weather conditions. Believe me, the squat of team Sky, they've been using it down here at the Tour Down Under and the temperature's been reaching up to 40 degrees centigrade. Now that is hot. According to a test by Kask, it actually saves six watts over its nearest rival at 50 k an hour. That's quite a considerable amount, really, isn't it? The weight of it is 235 grammes in a size medium. There's nine ventilation ports on there. I'm gonna have some more tech for you later on in the show. So stay tuned. - Cheers for that tech round-up, Jon. I'm not gonna lie, the temperature in Adelaide does sound bloody lovely right now. Although I'm not entirely sure that sunburn is a stronger. But anyway, while you have been stalking professional cyclists, I have been having great fun going through the comments that relate to this week's hot topic: metal versus carbon. Now as we suspected, there are some very strong opinions out there including this one from Dave Ross. "Death to all but metal!" (metal music) And then some still emphatic but slightly mellow comments like this one from bondles who said, "I dearly love my old Aluminium Trek 1000, "but I hopped on my first carbon bike last week "and as soon as I touched the pedals, it took off "like a snake had bitten it. "It is heaps of fun." I know that feeling, totally. So I think we should probably start with some facts. If you want the lightest, the stiffest, and the most aerodynamic bike, you have to have one that is made out of carbon fibre. I'm sorry, but you will. Let's start with the weight penalty for a start. The lightest carbon frames are about 350 grammes lighter than the very lightest aluminium ones. Titanium about the same, 350 grammes heavier. And then steel is even more. That's about 700 grammes heavier. And that is for the very, very lightest ones. Stiffness, yeah, metal frames can be made as stiff as carbon but the weight penalty would be even greater. Then from an aerodynamics perspective, due to the properties of carbon, it can be sculpted into the necessary aerodynamic shapes to a far greater extent than a metal one. So on paper, a carbon frame should be faster than a metal one. And as important as that is to some of us, it is still not the be-all and end-all. There's reliability for a start. As we found out when we went to the control tech factory back in autumn... I do think it's interesting that carbon has clearly a greater resistance to fatigue whereas aluminium clearly has greater resistance to impact. Metal frames should theoretically have a higher impact strength than carbon fibre. That could come in really useful for if the worse happens. Because let's face it, your frame is probably the most expensive part of your bike. Jon Burnell agrees in the comments. He says that he's got a both carbon and aluminium and whilst he feels his carbon bike is so much faster, more comfortable, the aluminium has had probably half a dozen crashes including, quite scarily, a full-on run over by a car in which it mostly survived. Not quite sure what that is. But still runs fine. For that reason alone, he feels more infinity for the workhorse metal. And also another comment from Pat Caballero which I agree with in the most part. Only there is one thing I take exception to and we'll get onto that in a moment. He said, "Let's keep it metal for reliability. "I could not imagine touring the altiplano on my own on a carbon bike without a fear of it going wrong." Agree with that. Then he says, "Besides with the right brands of metal tubing you can go have the best of both worlds, super reliable and super light." Now I'm not so sure about that. You see, in my opinion, when you're making anything super light, you sacrifice an element of its reliability simply because there is less material there. That's true with carbon and also metal. No matter what the alloy is or what its properties, there it's just less of it. And of course a lot relies on the design and the engineering of it. And actually as well, it's worth remembering that carbon frames can be repaired, maybe not in the ability of it now to plant it granted, but modern steels, or many of them anyways, cannot be repaired and neither can aluminium no matter where you are. But this whole robustness, reliability thing does hide a really important point, I think. And that is that metal bikes can feel really robust, can feel really reliable to ride. I think that's part of the reason why I love my aluminium cyclocross bike so much and also my steel road bike. What about price, though? That really matters. I think it's here that you get the real feather-in-the-cap metal bikes. They are much less expensive. Again, a gross generalisation. But if you're looking at a top-end metal bike frame off-the-shelf, you'd be looking at about $1000 perhaps whereas an off-the-shelf carbon frame would be like $2000 and upwards. Actually we got a great comment here from Chris Hudson who says that in the 2000 to 3000 pound range, I reckon metal bikes have the edge. Mason, Kinesis, Bowman, three British brands, seem to put so much research into design into unique and interesting frames at this price point. Hey then says, "It feels "as though larger manufacturer's equivalent carbon frames "simply inherit features from their flagship cousins, "which justifiably, but unfortunately, "cost bum-puckering amounts of money." And it's true, carbon manufacture is a much more labour intensive process than making metal bikes. It's kind of ironic, really, seeing as a lot of people seem to think they still just pop out of the mould like some cheap plastic toy. But the more complicated the frame and the lighter the frame the more labour intensive it becomes. So it is always gonna be more costly I would guess. And now, lastly, perhaps most importantly, aesthetics. Oh, yeah. Now there is undeniably a certain look to a modern carbon bike. Thomas Soto says as much. He says, Steal is real! "I prefer steal but I love the new looks of carbon." Who's to argue? But having said that, there are no right or wrongs here. I mean, take a look at this. I dare you to disagree. That is an absolute stunner. Steal is real. But then, so is aluminium. Look at this! Wah! And titanium. Man alive! And of course, carbon. All of them can be absolutely amazing. Arguably, carbon is lighter and faster, as we said. Metal, more robust, certainly feels like it to ride. But they all scrub up pretty darn well at the end of the day which is why I sit firmly on the fence. Just like Tyler Curtis, in fact, in the comments who said that his main bikes are made out of carbon. But he also has an aluminium Langster for commuting as well as All City Macho Kings and Nature Boys made out of Reynolds 853 steel tubing. He then goes on to say that he loves his carbon bikes when he's really shredding on the road, in the trees, or on the cross course, but both materials have their purposes and places. Now, Tyler, with equivalent bikes like that, you are truly a lucky man, but you also speak great sense. But we wanna hear from the rest of you as well. What do you think? Are you a metaller? (metal music) Or are you a carbon-er? Car-boner? Oh, better not say that? Anyway, let us know in the comment section down below which side of the fence you sit on and why. Or in fact, are you like Patrick Pecoraro who says that wood frames are better than either metal or carbon? I actually don't know about that. I have no opinion but I hope to rectify that situation in the coming year. Do make sure you stay tuned as well. Next week's hot topic is gonna be whether or not there is actually a difference in high-end frames that of course as we just talk about come out of a mould. Is there a difference between a Cervelo and a Pinarello? Or a Giant and a Specialised? Get involved in the comments section. Wall of Fame! Another thing I'm looking after whilst Mr. Cannings snoops around Australia. Last week we inducted our very first product onto the GCN Tech Wall of Fame, the Campanollo Quick Release. This week following the suggestions of Rbastien, Ben Kickert, Bart Carter, Alain Victor, James Cycle, and Jarod Bell, to name but a few, we are going for brake lever mounted integrated gear shifters. Or more commonly and conveniently known as STIs. That's right, Shimano total integration for it was the big S that launched this amazing bit of tech onto the road cycling world in 1990 with eight speed, Shimano Dura Ace 7400. But interestingly, and this took me totally by surprise, the tech actually comes from mountain biking because the previous year, 1989, Shimano launched Rapid Fire. And with it, they brought ratchet mechanisms to gear shifters. So one lever pulled cable and then a second lever released that cable in small increments. Then as I said, it was the following year, 1990, where they brought that tech into a much needed place over on the road. To elaborate and tell us exactly how needed it was we need to hear from Captain Retro. (snaps) Hello, mate. - Where's my costume? - Sorry mate, sorry about that. - It's nice to get a guest appearance on the Tech Show. But interestedly, Si, if GCN had been around in 1989, I would've blown the lid on a fantastic scoop for Shimano because although it was released in 1990, STIs were actually used in a prototype way in 1989. I was riding a race called the Nissan Classic at the back end of October of that year. And I spotted very famous rider indeed, Phil Anderson, using prototype STI levers. I must admit mate, it absolutely blew me away. Because at that time, I wasn't even using index shifters. I was basically on symplex, retro shifters. So it really was a proper glimpse into the future. And it blew a lot of riders away actually, amazing bit of tech. - It must have genuinely made a difference to riders' speed. Overall, that convenience of shifting from your handlebars. - But I think, yeah, fundamentally, Phil Anderson, what he said was that it worked really well, but it was the ability to shift at the saddle on climbs that made the big difference to him. - Yeah, there we go then. And actually, quite amazingly, STIs didn't really change a great deal, did they? It took 20 years actually for Shimano to get rid of the cable that came out of the side at the shifters. If anything really was the lever had ergonomics changed. - It was just a system that worked really well. And me and you were using the old-fashioned STI until about 2008, 2009. - Yeah, that's right. Now Campagnolo meanwhile followed suit quite soon after, didn't they, with ErgoPower where they had got rid of the cables coming out the side. And also they won a lot of fans for brake levers that didn't move. So Shimano, obviously, you have to move. But some people preferred a more static brake lever. But I think I'm right in saying that actually by inventing STIs, Shimano kind of moved into pole position in the road group set market. - It definitely was just a little bit more tactile and it took quite a few years for Campagnolo to sort of catch up. Although I like a bit of Campag, again, Shimano was just, at the feel of it, just that little bit different is far more tactile, far more instantaneous. I think with that system they basically set the bar that high, it was a long time before other manufacturers sort of caught up. - I think we might have just dropped a bombshell into the comments section there, so we'll leave it at that. Do make sure you get involved in the comments section. Go easy on that whole Shimano Campagnolo thing but tell us what you would like to see inducted onto the GCN Tech Wall of Fame for next week. We need product number three. Get thinking about it. But I'd love to hear what you'd have to say but let's stop the camera first. - First up, I need a cape. - Okay. Fair enough. Not like a racing cape, like a Captain Retro. - Something like that will be okay. - Can we sort him out with a cape, please? - Check out these, hard to miss, aren't they? New Specialised S-Works shoes that we've spotted on the feet of Quick-Step Floors riders this week. Of course they match up with those flashy helmets that we also see. Information on them is actually quite sparse. Other than I reckon they'll be cool with the S-Works 7. Keep yours eyed peeled, though, and we'll reveal all once we know more information. When I saw this Bianchi Specialised must-see from the other side of the expo, I ran as fast as my flip flops would take me and I thought it was Marco Pantani's double winning bike of this Giro d'Italia and Tour de Trance back in 1999. Sadly it's not, but it's just a bike to commemorate it. What's pretty cool about it is perched on top of that seat post is a saddle signed by Il Pirata himself, the legend, Marco Pantani. I've just come across this pair of wheels whilst having a look around here. These are the Zipp 454 NSWs. They're pretty unique as I'm sure you'll agree due to the saw-tooth profiling here on the inside of the rim which according to studies, actually make them more stable in crosswinds, a pretty important feature. Once that wind starts blowing, I'm sure you'll agree. But what makes this pair so special is that you actually can't buy them. Yep, that's right. They are the tubular version. I've only actually seen a couple of pairs here. This pair are on the back of Matt Schmidt of Team Katusha-Alpecin. And the other pair are on that of Nathan Hass who's the team leader for that squad here at the Tour Down Under. So who knows if we'll actually see them go into general production for the public. So Quick-Step Floors for 2018 have made a switching cockpit sponsors to Shimano's own brand, Pro. It would appear, actually, from looking around at some of the bikes that they've not got the full packages just yet. But, hey, it's still early in the season and I'm pretty sure that once back in Europe, all the bikes will be fully equipped with the Pro range. On the bike here of Nikias Arndt, he's the team reader this year, of Tour Down Under for Team Sunweb. He's actually got the new Shimano power metre. They've actually replaced Pioneer who were their last year's sponsors. I'll tell you what, that's a very neat looking solution. It's based there just in the spider, then with a sensor on the inside of the chainstay. I do like the look of that. Bike of the week time. First, though, let's reveal last week's winning bike. We put together two bikes from the women's peloton. They were the bike of Canyon Sram. That was the Canyon Ultimate CF SLX. It was up against Trek Drops and their Trek Emonda. And with a quite outstanding 77% of the votes, the winner was... (snaps) And the winner was the Canyon Ultimate CF SLX of Canyon Sram. I don't actually have that one here with me. This one is Tiffany Cromwell's bike which she very kindly loaned me. I do hope, actually, that those votes, you weren't swayed by Simon Richardson's love for that bike as he described to us last week. - Well, I'm gonna go with the paint job first, Jon. It's my favourite colour scheme in the world. It's the Canyon Sram Team Bike. - Don't let it influence you, though, that it's his favourite. - Well it didn't work last week, did it? It's the Canyon CF SLX Ultimate ridden by the team. - And first up we've got this Specialised S-Works Venge ViAS Disc. That is a mouthful, isn't it? This particular model belongs to Elia Viviani of Quick-Step Floors. Obviously we've got ourselves the aerodynamic frame, aerodynamic cockpit, Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 with disc brakes. (gasps) Yep, I hear the gasps from some of you already. Rover wheels, a Specialised power metre down there as well, as well as a Specialised toupe saddle with carbon fibre rails. So now you've got to vote for either this... And this, the Factor O2 of Ejedizar Lemondao. Obviously the Factor frame-set, a black ink handle bar stem and seat post, Fizik Aliante carbon-braided saddle, Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 group-set, Mavic Cosmic Carbone Ultimate. Down there the CeramicSpeed oversized pulley wheel system, and here the SRM power crank. So you know what to do. You need to vote up here for your favourite and next week we'll put another two head-to-head. Right, it's that time of the week. It's time for the bike vault where we rate your bike either nice or super nice. Sadly, I don't have my super nice horn with me this week. It was taken away by the customs officer, of all things. Not to worry, I begged, borrowed, and I stole, actually I just asked nicely, and I've got this (air blows) from WorldTour Mechanics here at the Tour Down Under. (air blows) Listen out for that, that's the sound of super nice. With no further ado, let's get started. First up, Barry Herschy, Leeds, West Yorkshire. We've got ourselves a Look 695. Straight away (air blows) super nice. Then who's this? We've got Gavin Trueman of Swindon in the UK as well. Kuota leant up against what looks like a farmyard gate. Uh, little bit of rubbish in the background, though. So I'm afraid, Gavin, can't really give that one super nice. Sorry about that one, mate. Next up, Ian Sheppard of Jointwitch, he's got himself a KTM. And he's got those orange bottle cages on there. Now those are the corporate colours of KTM so I like what he's done. He's actually done a little bit of matching there. Nice one, in fact, super nice. (air blows) It's cooling me down at least. Right, Mitja Klavora, of Slovenia. Look at that Specialised S-Works. That is full of bling, isn't it. Just check it out, look at the gold detailing. Super nice, no questions. (air blows) I need this, cool me down. Right, finally, Ross McDonald from Mesa in Arizona in the US, look at that Specialised S-Works. I love that paint job, absolutely love it. Stands out a mile, especially with those logos so super nice. (blows air) (exhales) Right. Now remember to submit your bike for the bike vault. Email us on the email address on the screen right now. And also let us know where you come from. It really does help. Right, so, ah, yeah, you're still here. We're nearly at the end of the GCN Tech Show for this week. But don't worry, there is more great content coming up in the next week for you. Tomorrow, Si's gonna be in the GCN Tech clinic answering one of your problems. Saturday I take a look at triple world road race champion Peter Sagan's pro bike. That is one not to be missed. Sunday we take a look at 650b wheels. And on Monday, yep, it's Maintenance Monday time. Then next week, we are back again with GCN Tech Show episode number four. Also remember to like and share this video with your friends. Do remember subscribe to the GCN Tech channel by clicking on the logo on your screen right now. For two more great videos, how about clicking down here for some tech from the Tour Down Under and down here for Si's Orbea pro bike. I'm afraid I have to actually go myself. I've got a plane to catch. So all the best and I'll see you back in the UK. (light music)

- [Blair] So I want to start this video by saying this was not supposed to be the next MLM I was going to be putting under the microscope and taking a look at and doing one of these longer form videos. This content and everything I have found about the backstory on this company and owner is so long and detailed that I had to cut this video into two parts. But don't worry, I'm not gonna hold you indefinitely on the line forever. Part Two should be coming out in a couple days to a week at max. I am literally still writing that script and it is still growing as we speak. So Young Living is a company you all know and probably dislike mainly for their business practices. But I was recently mentioned and linked to a video by NikkieTutorials with people telling me she was promoting them. - Lately, thanks to my mom, I've been into essential oils. I have the Young Living sort of like diffuser and right now I have PanAway, I have Cinnamon Bark and Energy and those three are everything together. - [Blair] And I'll be honest, I was super shocked. I really used to enjoy Nikkie's content and I look at her as a generally wholesome but smart businesswoman. So you can imagine my shock when I found out she would promote something like Young Living on her channel and I'm obviously not the only one. (upbeat music) I am very concerned that someone with a platform that large would promote a company and product that is so against what Nikkie's message is to her fans. Young Living like many MLMs is a company that thrives from sucking money from naive or unsuspecting individuals trying to earn extra income but who most will ultimately fail and lose hundreds or thousands of dollars in the process. Nikkie has always tried to stand behind an image of being positive and promoting self-love and I found it extremely difficult to understand why she would promote such a company whose values are so oppositely aligned. And just to clarify, since I've been working on the script for a while now. One, NikkieTutorials is a massive beauty YouTube channel here on the platform and additionally since this has been brought to her attention, she did in fact apologize on Twitter for promoting Young Living and said she did not realize what she was promoting and the fact that she has addressed that issue is fantastic. But I still see this as a learning experience that we can all gain some kind of insight from and her misstep with showing this company to her millions of fans helped to spur the production of the script. So hey, that's the thing. Now, for those of you who are not new to the channel, you know I regularly cover MLM topics on the channel every Monday for multi level Mondays and you guys know, I've been doing that for almost a year now. And you also know I am no stranger to covering lawsuits brought on by these companies either with Young Living actually being one of those lawsuits. But there are many, many people out there who don't know what an MLM or multi level marketing is and there are many impressionable fans of NikkieTutorials that will follow and buy into whatever she says without knowing the real world repercussions of giving them their hard-earned dollars. And so that will be the subject of today's video. We are going to go down the rabbit hole of Young Living and uncover the quack of a medical professional they call the founder and what they've been doing wrong for years and why the people but especially influencers should not be promoting these kinds of companies or at least not, if they care about their fans. So sit down, buckle up and get comfy because this is going to be one hell of a ride. So to understand Young Living, especially to those who are unfamiliar with MLMs or multi level marketing, let's get some terminology out of the way. And as per usual, I will have all my sources linked in a placement file in the description box. So if you want to dig more into depth into my sources, you are more than welcome to, so let's get into it. One of the most confusing things to define when talking about these companies is the difference between direct sales and multi level marketing and to understand that we need to briefly look at three business models. One is direct sales, two is multi level marketing and three is a pyramid scheme. Direct Sales and pyramid schemes are essentially opposite ends of a spectrum and MLMs sit in the middle, taking a little from both models. This is why I often say that MLMs ride a gray line between a legal business model and an illegal business model which often gets them into trouble or shut down for their practices. So with direct sales, you have a seller that often works as an independent contractor and as a direct representative of the company, although they are not an employee. And they sell or demonstrate products traditionally in like a traveling salesman type sense but more recently, through the rise of the internet, they integrate social media. And they earn a living by taking a percentage of the sale of their products. Pyramid schemes, on the other hand are a federally illegal business model in the United States and are illegal in many countries around the world including the Netherlands where Nikkie is from. Their focus is making money from low level sellers buying into the company and those above them otherwise known as an upline and will gain a profit from those low level sellers and not from the product being sold. In almost every pyramid scheme, there is a premise of having to have a startup cost or a certain amount of money you have to invest in to the company, for example, a startup kit. And now for an MLM, an MLM takes from both the direct sales model and a pyramid scheme to build its own unique model. What it does is take the direct sales idea of having independent contractors selling a product and the sellers make a small cut from selling the item. But it also takes from the pyramid scheme and the fact that the upline in these companies earn a profit from recruiting new members below them and not just their sales. And as certain people move up in the chain on these MLMs, their focus often shifts from selling the product to selling a dream to recruit new people and in return, they earn a profit from those people. And this is where many of these companies get fined or shut down for being a pyramid scheme and this is why I find MLMs to be so problematic. When in a smaller scale, they can easily hide in the shadows and avoid being labeled as a pyramid scheme but as they get bigger, their true colors show and it becomes obvious that they're masquerading as an MLM but in all reality, they have crossed into pyramid scheme territory. So now with those definitions out of the way, let's begin to feast on today's subject of my examination from a pyramid against pyramid schemes. Let's begin unraveling the issues with Young Living. (soft music) - Gary Young, the founder of Young Living said that he healed from crippling paralysis using only essential oils. - Because Young Living makes their entire brand identity on being natural and God-given and derived the ingredients of the highest quality. - Because there is a distinction and a legal loophole between saying that these oils cure cancer and things like if I had cancer I would use this oil, this oil and this oil. - All the claims that Young Living distributors try to make about what these oils can do for your health, none of them are scientifically proven. - You can't say on one hand that your company is all about like natural, God-given oils to help people's health and then turn around and support the needless slaughter and mistreatment of these creatures that God made. - That there are people opposing what we know factually to be good medicine, things like vaccines, things like cancer treatment and they are replacing those with essential oils. - Upon realizing that it's a cult, I was relieved that I got away before it was too late for me but I also became incredibly worried about everyone I know who's still in it. - [Blair] So what is Young Living? Young Living is an essential oils, multi-level marketing company based around the idea of promoting holistic well-being through using essential oils as part of your daily routine. One of their most notable products is the Thieves oil blend they created and whose independent sellers have made claims that the oil performs better than cleaning agents and can even help get blood stains out of your carpet after your child was murdered. Yeah, I'm serious, this was a real post. This is just a snapshot of the mess we're about to encounter today. Now when we dig into Young Living, we really need to examine its eccentric founder, Donald Gary Young and the impression he left on the company. And to truly understand a company and its beliefs, I think it's important to look at who founded the company and why? So who is the man who would eventually create the company involved in trafficking charges, pyramid scheme claims, cash action lawsuits, all while touting the appearance of being holistic and healthy? Well, Donald Gary Young is noted as a businessman who specialized in essential oils and pseudo-medicines. On their website, they say the following about their beginnings. Our community of wellness started in 1993 when D. Gary Young and Mary Young developed their first organic herb farming and distillation operation. At the time, Gary Young had already discovered the incredible power of essential oils but because the quality of available oils varied so greatly, he'd been unable to fully harness their potential. Now, something you'll notice here is the company refers to him as D. Gary Young and all over Young Living's website, they won't call him by his full name, which I found weird. He also dresses in lab coats and attempts to look like a doctor even though he's not a medical professional. And I believe they refer to him as D. Gary Young as an attempt to make him look more reputable than what he is. If you are quickly skimming by it looks like Dr. Gary Young and I think this purposeful rewording of his name to give the impression that he's something that he is not is just scratching the surface of how this company positions itself to deceive its sellers and buyers. So throughout this video, I will be referring to him only by his full name, Donald Gary Young and I'm not letting that subtle deception slipped past me or you. This man has a complicated and carefully crafted history of exploiting people and situations around him to gain a fake authority. When I began digging into his past, he moved to Canada in his late teens and early 20s with the intention of homesteading or the principle by which one gains ownership of an unknown natural resource by performing an act of original appropriation. Now, the timeframe is unclear but based on the fact that he was born in 1949 and a supposed accident that was said to have happened in his late teens and early 20s, I'm going to assume it was somewhere around 1969 give or take a few years. And it was during this time that he actually suffered from a near fatal logging accident that caused him to be temporarily wheelchair bound. And this is also where he initially claims to have started experimenting with essential oils that assisted in his recovery. In 1980, we know he enrolled in a therapeutic massage program at the American Institute of Physiogenerology. However, he only took a few classes which he then abandoned, completing only a third of the work and left with an unpaid student loan. Now, I tried to look up what physiogenerology is and the only results that came up were all related to Donald Gary Young, so I found that to be super suspicious. But based on roots of words, we can discern the following information. Physio is a Latin root word meaning nature or natural or physical. Generology was the much harder root word to figure out as all searches were redirecting me to genealogy which comes from the Latin word genealogia meaning the making of a pedigree or the study of family. Gen is a term for general and ology refers to any science or branch of knowledge. So based on that combination of words, I can only conclude that he went to study the general natural knowledge which most likely had information about holistic practices but with the massage therapy angle. Following his departure from that school, he claimed to have received a doctorate degree in Naturopathy in 1985 or a form of alternative medicine that employs an array of pseudo-scientific practices branded as natural, non-invasive or promoting self-healing. I'm going to let it slide that it takes about eight years to actually complete education for a doctorate but like, okay. In 1982, he also was apparently operating an unlicensed clinic in Spokane, Washington. So that knocks off a couple more years but we'll get to that in just a second. Now, there might be an angry Young Living Essentials Oil peddler preparing to write me a nasty gram about how this proves he's a doctor and not lying and that I'm just purposefully agitating people by calling him Donald Gary Young instead of placing a respective Dr. prefix to his name. And maybe he was extremely gifted and was able to finish his degree early because he's such a prodigy in his field. Sure. My issue is that the university isn't actually real. The university Donald Gary Young attended is called the Bernadean University. The university is known as a mail order diploma mill where you give them a certain amount of money and they mail you a certification. This university was not accredited by the U.S. Secretary of State as a legitimate college and that degrees from that location are essentially useless. As a matter of fact, when state investigators looked into this university, they found it operated out of a small office with no classrooms that had four faculty members who were essentially paper graders and that only one of them actually even had a high school diploma. Investigators also found that law books, Joseph Kadans, founder of this university, claimed to have written were merely an incomplete compilation of texts written by other authors which Kadans had copied on Xerox machines. After Kadans died, the business was moved from Nevada to California where it is still currently in operation just outside of Los Angeles and I don't know about you, but I've never seen a university that only has one employee and makes $86,000 a year but here it is still withering in the shadows to this day. And this is the fantastic, wonderful, totally legit college that the founder of Young Living, Donald Gary Young graduated from. There is his great authority that founded a very scientific and accurate company, if you say so. So now we get to start talking about how things go from deceptive to dangerous. In 1982, Donald Gary Young opened the unlicensed clinic in Spokane, Washington as I had mentioned earlier. This was a pseudo-medical clinic, one of the first of many he would attempt to do in his lifetime and this one offered a variety of unlicensed treatments to include childbirth, claims that he could detect cancer with a simple blood test and treat it. These would all generally fall under medical procedures, typically performed by an actual medical professional and not someone who was at this time didn't even have the crappy paid for fake degree. He was just out and about being careless with people's lives. I found an article from the Spokane Chronicle dated Thursday, October 7th of 1982 about Donald Gary Young killing his own infant daughter. In the article, it says Donald Gary Young's daughter died during a failed water birth performed by him. He tried to have his wife give birth in a whirlpool bath and kept the baby submerged underwater for a whole hour, effectively drowning the newborn under the waters. The daughter was birthed at his medical facility which we will get into because that place is a medical nightmare but back to this article. After an hour, an ambulance was called because his wife was hemorrhaging and because the baby was not breathing and Donald Gary Young was almost responsible for two deaths that day. When the medical professionals and police arrived on scene, they reported medical equipment on the premises to include an examination table, a heating lamp, blood pressure equipment, rubber gloves, a suction unit and clamps but when an ambulance driver passed the facility later that day, he claims to have seen equipment being removed from the building and that when police revisited the location hours later, there was no equipment to be seen and Donald Gary Young, even denied being in possession of such equipment. At the time, the death was ruled as accidental although I have no idea how you accidentally keep a baby underwater for an hour and expect to have positive results. And as a little bit more of a confusing tidbit, in the concluded coroner's report, it was actually stated that if his daughter was not submerged underwater, she would have been alive and healthy and there were no signs of a stillbirth. So, just saying. Just about six months after the death of his daughter at his facility, Donald Gary Young was finally brought to a minor amount of justice. I found an article from the local newspaper, the Spokesman Review and found an article from March 10th, 1983 called arrest results of attempt to police all professions. And let's take a look at what this article had to say. The arrest of a Spokane man for practicing medicine without a license is the outgrowth of a new attempt by the State Department of Licensing to police all registered professions, an agency official said Wednesday. Ron Weaver, chief of investigations for the professional and administrative licensing divisions said his unit's efforts to include checks of real estate dealings and sale of securities. Donald Gary Young, 33, E1221 29th was arrested at his home about 2 p.m. Tuesday by city police following a joint undercover investigation with city police. Young was charged with one count of practicing medicine without a license, a gross misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a $1,000 fine. Young, who is being represented by Spokane attorney, Carl Maxey appeared before superior court judge, John J. Ripple, Wednesday afternoon and was released after posting a $500 cash bond. State licensing authorities joined the investigation after receiving a request from prosecuting attorney, Donald Brockett, who asked the state's Board of Medical Examiners for assistance, said Weaver. According to city police, the investigation was initiated about two weeks ago. Weaver said that two undercover agents, one from the city police and the other from the department of licensing's investigative unit contacted Young about his services. The state's investigator is a registered male nurse, Weaver said. According to information filed in the Superior Court here, Young allegedly offered to deliver a baby and to treat cancer. Young's daughter died during childbirth during an underwater birthing technique in a whirlpool bath at a former East Spokane health club last September. City homicide detectives investigated the case but authorities ruled the death was accidental, official said. So, there is Young Living's future founder, a bad, medical con man who had already managed to accidentally murder his own daughter. Let's not skip over these juicy details either. This article states that Young was a subject of an internal investigation against him and in their undercover sting, he promised to the state's investigator to deliver the baby and to treat cancer. Both are claims you cannot make or do especially when without a license. Donald Gary Young pleaded guilty to practicing medicine without a license and was charged a fine and placed on a suspended probation for a year which I feel is an incredible injustice. Now armed with the death of an infant under his belt and a shiny new printed fake doctorate degree, Donald Gary Young made his way down to Tijuana, Mexico where he opened another clinic and claimed to be a natural Pathak doctor. Now, I casually mentioned earlier that he claims to have started experimenting with essential oils during his recovery from the logging accident in the late 1960s to early 70s. But in his personal blog, he wrote a post in 2015 regarding his experience with this clinic. He claims in 1985, he was approached by a woman and her sister about essential oils and aromatherapy. And I quote, these are his written words. "I said, 'Aromatherapy? "Oh, been there, done it, no, thank you, not interested. "I could see by her body gestures and energy "that I had insulted her somehow.' "So I said, 'Well, at least in my experience, "I see no value in them.'" And that's a little bit of a hot take against essential oils when he also claimed essential oils are what helped to expedite his recovery process post logging incident. Huh, wait, I know I heard that somewhere else too. Oh, wait, that's right, his obituary. See, he passed away in 2018, just so we're clear about that but that doesn't negate anything he did during his lifetime. However, in his obituary, it says the following, "After five years of logging and ranching, "Young suffered debilitating injuries "in a serious logging accident and was confined "to a wheelchair with no expectation of walking again, "which caused him to endure years of pain and depression. "Channeling the cowboy spirit of not backing down, "it was on this path where Young's personal journey began "as he wanted to learn everything he could "about natural healing and where he was introduced "to essential oils." You know, I hear it's pretty easy to keep your story straight when it's the truth. So, I guess this is just another oopsie, right? Just like his daughter, right? But back to this Mexico clinic that he opened up now. So Donald Gary Young's clinic offered detoxification treatments from cancer and lupus and what did he use for these cancer treatments? Laetrile and if you're a non-medical professional like myself, you want to know exactly what this is. Laetrile is a chemical compound derived from apricots pits, raw nuts and lima beans and therefore, it had an amazing appeal for the alternative medicine communities. Unfortunately, when the compound is ingested into the human body, the compound transforms into cyanide, which is a toxin that can kill. And without careful medical supervision, these doses can cause cases of cyanide toxicity and ultimately death and these treatments caught the attention of the Los Angeles Times in 1987, who made their own investigation into this treatment center. In this new treatment center, prospective patients were told to prick their fingers on two glass slides and then mail the slides and $60 to the clinic to be diagnosed. To account for inflation, if you were to pay for that same test today, it would cost you $135.85. So these were really not cheap initial tests. But how was a reporter going to test the validity of these tests and diagnoses provided by Donald Gary Young in his quack clinic. Well, they sent an animal blood on the slides, specifically a cat and sure enough, the clinic's health educator, Sharon Reynolds, who also cast horoscope readings for patients for whatever reason examined the slides of cat blood under the microscope and concluded she found evidence of an aggressive cancer as well as liver problems. She also claimed the cancer had been present for four to five years. So the reporter went in person and the tests were redone using the reporter's blood. Sharon's new diagnosis changed from an aggressive cancer to latent cancer but she did remain adamant about there being liver dysfunction and pancreas and thyroid problems. Her solution to cure the reporter of these problems was a supervised program of cleaning, detox and rebuilding. The detoxification program at the clinic which consisted of colonostics, a special diet and a various nostrums cost $2,000 per week, paid in advance an at-home program was also available for $90 plus about $400 worth of vitamins and supplements that Donald Gary Young sells through his apparent vitamin company that he owned in California. The Los Angeles Times decided to challenge the clinic one more time with another set of blood samples but this time it was chicken blood from a local poultry shop. With chicken blood, however, there is a major difference between it and human blood. Something that can be easily identified through a magnifying glass. The red blood cells in chicken blood are oval-shaped and have no nuclei which is drastically different from the round, non-nucleated cells in the blood of animals. This shape change would be an immediate red flag that something was wrong but that chicken blood was diagnosed as a human blood and they claimed there was liver inflammation. The Times additionally said the chicken blood slides to an actual doctor, Dr. Faramarz Naeim, the Head of Hematopathology, sorry if I butchered that, department at the UCLA Medical Center. He was able to immediately identify the blood correctly. When he was told why he was asked to examine the blood and asked his thoughts about these tests. He said that the blood slides used for valid diagnostic purposes needed to be thinly smeared and stained, so that individual cells could be clearly seen under a microscope, which these slides could not do. Dr. Naeim and other blood analysts point out that information from such examinations is limited and is normally used in conjunction with other medical data in researching a diagnosis. And he finally concluded that the slides being prepared were not smeared and the cells were just lumped together which would prove to be ineffective to use as a diagnosis tool for anything. When the news reporter confronted Sharon Reynolds with their evidence and revealed the blood origins her defense was that she'd never seen chicken blood before. So she would not have known. And when questioned about her initial diagnosis about the cat blood, she stood by it. The cat was later taken to a vet and deemed to be medically healthy and had none of the ailments described by Sharon. The clinic in Mexico would be shut down a year later and that's to no one's surprise. That was all the preliminary information I had to present just to get you to the start of Young Living. I think looking at the founder's morals and code of ethics speaks strongly as to what the foundation of the company will be built on and based on the current analysis of Donald Gary Young's past, Young Living was going to be built from the foundation of a man who was charged for practicing medicine without a medical license, drowning his own infant daughter, getting fake medical licenses to trick people into believing he was a doctor when he was not. Falsely treating patients for illnesses they didn't have. Claiming to cure cancer with uncontrolled substances known to lead to cyanide toxicity deaths and this would be the person that would start Young Living Essential Oils. And so this is where I'll be ending Part One of this two-part video on Young Living Essential Oils. Now that we have a more clear picture of who the man behind the brand really is, make sure to let me know your thoughts in the comment section down below and make sure to be back when we wrap up this mess in a couple days with a bow and take a look at the full scope of mistakes made by Donald Gary Young and his empire of lies that he built. Thank you all for watching this video, make sure to hit the Like and subscribe. If you guys want to join the channel and become a member, make sure to hit that Join button for some really awesome perks and thank you to everyone who is already a member. And if you want even more content from me, make sure to pop open that description box where you can find all the links to all of my social media, second channel, Discord server, Subreddit, Twitch and a ton more good stuff. Again, thank you all for watching today's video and I'll see you in the next one, bye guys. (upbeat music)

the apple iphone 12 is  coming with a 120hz display   and i'll be sharing the  details right after this. If you're new here and want to stay  up to date with the latest tech please   hit subscribe followed by the bell,  you can also keep up on facebook,   instagram and twitter by clicking the  links in the description. so today we've   got great news about the apple iphone 12  including a 120Hz display that everybody   wanted and they're also doing everything  they can to keep the cost down before we   get into it though please like the video  if you're a fan of apple let me know in   the comments what device you're watching  this video on but as we get closer and   closer to the release of the apple  iphone 12 more and more confirmations   are coming to light by this point we  know pretty much everything there is   to know about all four models of the  iphone 12 but one thing that has been   disappointing many is the chance that  there may not be a 120 hertz display   as my regular subscribers will remember  back in june i've been telling you that   the iphone 12 pro and the iphone 12  pro max will be having 120Hz displays   unfortunately a lot of other leakers  have disagreed which caused many people   in the comments section to be telling  me that i'm wrong and this isn't going   to happen other apple leakers are now  however backtracking and they're also   suggesting that 120 hertz displays may  be a thing on the iphone 12 as i've been   telling you guys all along ross young  previously advised that he hadn't heard   anything about 120Hz displays from apple  he's now updated to say that apple can   get the 120 hertz panels but they are  having trouble with the driver circuits   he's now saying that they'll either come  out with a fix wait for driver ics and   delay the launch or just launch with a  60hz panel ross has given us plenty of   useful and accurate information lately  so this is great news to hear it from   him i'm still being told that both of  the premium models will definitely be   using 120Hz displays although there may  of course still be delays we also had   a tweet from john prosser this morning  and he says don't give up on the 120Hz   iphone 12 just yet so clearly he's also  had some information about its existence   we'll hopefully get more confirmations  on this soon but as i keep telling you   guys it looks like 120 hertz on the  iphone 12 pro and the 12 pro max is   going to be a thing while i can't  provide any evidence a source who   has been very accurate on a few minor  bits of intel in the past is still   telling me that it's happening and it's  looking more and more likely each day on   top of that at this point i think it's  just going to be too disappointing for   apple fans if they release the iphone 12  without the 120 hertz so it's going to   make it much harder to compete with the  competitors we've also got more iphone   12 news from ming chi quo but this  time it's about the iphone 12 batteries   he's advised previously that apple are  squeezing supplies for cheaper costs   and this is to offset the additional  cost that 5g is bringing the iphone 12   is apparently now going to use a similar  battery design to its predecessor   and it's allowed apple to cut costs  by 40 to 50 percent on the battery   by using a softboard battery design  with its competitors prices getting   higher and higher it's great to see that  apple who have always been known as the   most expensive are doing their best to  reduce these prices as much as possible   now unfortunately for apple they've  still got ongoing issues over fortnight   in wechat with multiple lawsuits taking  place while too big a topic to discuss   in this video it's going to be  interesting to see if this does   affect the launch of the apple  iphone x with both of them being   very popular apps it may not be the  best time to release a flagship phone   and it could be in apple's interest to  resolve this before launch that being   said despite these issues it hasn't  affected their stock and apple have   become the first us company to reach  the 2 trillion market cap of course the   launch of the apple iphone 12 is now  expected to be on the 12th of october   which is a little later than usual but  it should definitely be worth the wait   for those that want a more detailed  look into the specs and design of all   four models of the iphone 12 but we're  gonna run through them all now of course   my regular viewers you guys have already  seen this so skip to the next video but   if you're new here then hit subscribe  now and we're going to get right into it   to start with we've got the entry level  model of the apple iphone 12 and this   is just going to be called the iphone  12. it's a 5.4 inch iphone with an oled   super retina display from samsung it's  important to note straight off the bat   that super retina means absolutely  nothing so don't get too caught up on   that but nonetheless it's going to be an  oled display with a resolution of 2340   by 1080 and this gives us pixels per  inch and it's got an 8-bit color depth   well there have been rumors of  all models having 120Hz displays   unfortunately it appears that this model  is only going to be 60 hertz it's going   to be equipped with 4 gigs of ram and  it's going to come with a choice of 128   or 256 storage it's got an aluminium  frame and of course it uses the apple   a14 bionic chip with 5g support the  iphone 12 is coming with dual cameras   on the rear and it will of course  be shipping with ios 14. for those   that want the full gig of ram with 128  storage it's launching at a price of 649   if you want to upgrade it to the 256  gig iphone 12 then it's 750 next up   we've got the iphone 12 max to be clear  this is the max and not the pro max   the iphone 12 max has  a 6.1 inch oled display   this again is a super retina  oled display and we believe   it's now going to be manufactured  by either samsung or lg as boe did   not pass the quality assurance tests it  comes with a resolution of 2532 by 1170   and this gives us 460 pixels per inch  and again it has an 8-bit color depth   we get 4 gigs of ram a choice of  128 or 256 storage and of course   the iphone 12 max is powered by the a14  bionic chip it's got an aluminium frame   a 5g connectivity and it uses a dual  camera setup on the rear for those   that want the 128 gig iphone 12 max it's  going to be launching at a price of 749   for those that want the 256 gig version  then the price rises to 849 next up   we've got the iphone 12 pro the iphone  12 pro also has a 6.1 inch display   so it's actually the same size as  the iphone 12 max but we do have an   improved display in specs on the iphone  12 pro we've got a 6.1 inch super retina   oled display with pro motion and 10-bit  color depth the display is manufactured   by samsung and has a resolution of 2532  by 1170 giving us 460 pixels per inch   we are very hopeful of this 120hz  pro motion display but it's still   been unconfirmed and there are a few  people saying this may not happen   the iphone 12 pro comes with six gigs  of ram and a choice of 128 256 or even   512 gig storage it of course ships with  the apple a14 bionic chipset the iphone   12 pro is 5g compatible it comes in a  stainless steel frame and on the rear   we get a triple camera setup along with  a lidar sensor for depth for the 128 gig   iphone 12 pro it's going to be 999 for  the 256 it's 1099 for the 512 gig iphone   12 pro it's gonna be 1 299 last but  not least we have the iphone 12 pro max   the iphone 12 pro max comes with a 6.7  inch oled display again this is a super   retina display and hopefully with pro  motion we get a 10 bit color depth and   of course it is manufactured by samsung  it's got a resolution of 2778 by 1284   and this gives us 458 pixels per inch  again we expect and hope it's going to   be a 120 hertz pro motion display but  there are a few people saying otherwise   it comes with 6 gigs of ram and 128  256 or 512 internal storage it's got   a stainless steel frame and the iphone  12 pro max is of course powered by the   a14 bionic chipset and this does have  5g support just like the iphone 12 pro   we get three cameras on the rear along  with a lidar sensor for those who want   the 128 gig iphone 12 pro max it's  going to launch at a price of 1099   if you want the 256 gig version it's  1199 and for those that want the most   expensive in the range the 512 iphone  12 pro max is going to be launching at   a whopping 1 399 now it is of course  important to note that these pricing   leaks came very early on from john  prosser he has provided plenty of   accurate leaks but also got some of them  wrong recently he also provided this   very early on so there is a chance that  things could change but personally i   think that they're at least going  to be very close to what we see   overall the apple iphone 12 is proving  to be a great range of iphones that   many of you guys are looking forward to  it's great that we've got all of this   information already but personally i do  like that we still have some uncertainty   as it's nice to have some surprises at  launch while there may be delays in the   release date the launch is expected to  be on time and that will of course be   the 8th of september this year given the  current outbreak it's likely that it's   again going to be an online only launch  event similar to their last worldwide   developer conference as always though  if any more information comes to light   i'll be sharing with you guys straight  away but as always i'd like to know   your thoughts in the who out there is  waiting for the apple iphone 12 what   model are you waiting for and are you  happy to hear this news about 120 hertz   but thanks for watching the video  if you liked it smash the thumbs up   if you didn't hit the thumbs down twice  and i'll see you guys in the next one you

Hi guys, I hope you are all well! today I'm doing the 'this or that tag' and I'm pretty sure you are going to have a lot of fun I don't know the questions, a dear friend of mine collected them and she had a lot of fun doing that ;) I have no idea what I got myself into I hope she isn't too mean I'm really excited, so let's start! "would you lick peanut butter from the street or rather get into a tiger cage " I would lick peanut butter from the street that won't kill me "would you prefer not to wear underwear for one year or only summer clothes during winter?" I'm normally always freezing but I wouldn't feel very comfortable without undies I think I'll take the 2nd summer clothes during winter time "would you prefer to live in a house without windows or in one totally made out of glass?" I take the house out of glass there was a movie once, but it was a thriller I hope it won't happen to me the movie was called 'lake house' but I still take the house out of glass "would you rather live vegan for 3 years or forever vegetarian?" I think...3 years vegan I take 3 years vegan it's only 3 years and I think I couldn't stand a whole lifetime without meat would you rather drive several hours backwards in a bus or just 10 minutes on a kids roller-coaster? I take the roller-coaster that seems to be fun, no matter how fast it goes and how quick will it go anyway, if it's for kids I hope not too fast... but still the kids roller-coaster "would you rather spend 2 nights without sleep or 2 days without food?" I know that without sleep I would be pretty...... close to going crazy but if I could get through it for 2 days? well, if I think about my study marathons and there is coffee, so I take the 2 nights without sleep because if I get hungry I can be really grumpy "would you prefer to travel to the past or to the future?" the past I prefer to get surprised by the future and I could change a few things in the past then I know what will happen, or not ;) so I take the past "would you rather wear summer clothes in winter or winter clothes during summer?" summer clothes during winter? no, then everybody will think I'm totally crazy the other way around aswell but anyway I'l take...I think winter clothes during summer then I'm just a bit more sweaty then usual would you prefer 1 liter sausage water or 3 raw onions? how does sausage water taste like? I only know how it smells but I think it's pretty disgusting if you drink it and raw onions? if I'm only cutting onions then I'm always crying but I still take the onions 3. Onions. Raw. as well disgusting, but better than sausage water "would you step into a nest of snakes or meet a whole swarm of bees?" I take the meeting it's way better than stepping into something and as long as I'm only meeting the bees and can still run away so, I prefer the bees "would you eat a chewing gum which stuck under the tabel or hit a cactus with your fist?" well, if it's my chewing gum then for sure but if I don't know how long it stuck there under the table and who was chewing it before then I preferably hit a cactus al right my dears, this was the "this or that TAG" and I actually thought it would be worse even though a few questions were pretty strange I would like to know what you would have chosen so please write your answers in the comments and also if you have an other tag idea for me because I'm really having a lot of fun with the tags so, thumbs up if you liked the video see you soon! Ciao!

[MUSIC] Lighthouse Scientific Education Presents a lecture in The Mole Series The topic; Percent Composition Material in this lecture relies on an understanding of the previous lectures; Atomic Mass and Molecular Weight and Math for Chemistry Part 2; specifically the section on percent. The lecture begins with a definition of percent composition. A brief review of percent is provided then a discussion on a set of rules for solving percent composition problems. The rules are then applied with 4 practice problems that covered different aspects of finding percent composition. Percent composition is defined as the mass percentage of each type of element in a compound. Basically, it is found by dividing the mass of an element in the compound by the total mass of the compound and converting that ratio into percent by multiplying it by 100. A useful check is that the sum of the percent compositions of all of the elements in a compound must equal 100. The sum of the parts must equal the whole. To get some perspective, consider a molecule of water, H2O. Water's molecular weight is 18.02 grams per mole when rounded to the hundredths place. In finding the percent composition of the oxygen in water, the mass of the compound in the percent equation will be the water's molecular weight of 18.02 g. Since that is the mass of a mole of water the value for the mass of the element, the numerator, will be the atomic molar mass of oxygen, which the Periodic Table shows to be 16.00 g per mole. Substitute that mass of 16 g in for the mass of the element. Percent does not have units, so the unit grams should cancel out and they do. The solution to the percent composition of oxygen is found by dividing 16.00 by 18.02 and multiplying that value by 100. It is 88.80 percent. 88.80 percent of the mass of a water molecule comes from the oxygen. We could repeat the process and substitute 2 hydrogens atomic molar mass for the mass of the element and get the percent composition of hydrogen. Or, seeing that there are only two elements in water and we calculated the percent composition of one of them we can deduce the percent composition of the other. Early it was remarked that in a compound the sum of the percent composition of all of the elements equals 100. Mathematically, that is expressed as 100% equals the percent composition of oxygen plus the percent composition of the hydrogens. Inputting the 88.80 % for oxygen leaves an equation with a single unknown (% hydrogen) which solves to 11.20 for the percent composition of hydrogen. That mathematical trick relies on the understanding of percent. So, before proceeding into the step-by-step rules for getting percent composition a brief overview of percent will be presented. Students who feel comfortable with percent should skip the review and go into the rules. Percent is simply a ratio, or fraction, taken 100 times. The word percent means per 100. The purpose of percent is to present a ratio or fraction value as a larger number, one people feel more comfortable with. It has no other role. In mathematical terms it is a ratio or fraction, numerator over denominator, times 100. Written in this form we see that value of the ratio is converted in to a larger number by multiplying it by 100. Adding some context to the terms numerator and denominator we see that the denominator represents the size of a whole thing, or how many parts make a whole. In percent composition it is the whole mass of the compound. The numerator represents the portion or part of the whole. In percent composition it is the mass contribution of a single element. More commonly the percent equation is presented with the numerator as the PART and denominator as the WHOLE. When solving percent problems a second form is often used. Part over whole equals percent over 100. This form allows cross multiplying which makes the solving of percent problems much easier. For a more detailed explanation of percent see the 'Math for Chemistry Part 2' lecture. Onto rules for determining percent composition. A distinction needs to be made here because there are 2 forms that percent composition problems come in. The first type gives the percent of each elements in a compound and asks for a determination of the empirical formula. These types of problems are covered in the 'Empirical Formal' lecture. Percent composition and empirical formula are generally taught together. It is helpful to pair these lectures. The second type has us given compound information and asks for the mass percent of each element. These are types of problems covered in this lecture. To further break down these problems there will be ones that just give a chemical formula and those that give no formula but do give masses for the elements of a compound. A set of rules is offered that solves both types of percent composition problems. As these problems are often in the form of work problems the general process of solving word problems should also be followed. That is take time with the problem. Search the problem for the known and unknown values. Write them down. Then, identify a relationship or set of relationships between known and unknown values. When the relationship is found to be 'getting percent composition' then apply these rules starting with getting the mass of the compound. This will be the denominator of the percent fraction. The mass will either be found by calculating the formula weight of the compound if the formula is given. Remember, formula weight is a broad term that encompasses the molar mass or molecular weight of a covalent compound and the formula unit weight of an ionic compound. Another way that the mass of a compound is found is by adding masses of the elements given in the problem. This applies when no formula is given but mass data is. Adding all of the given masses will be the mass of the compound used in the denominator of the percent equation. It is not a formula weight but that's ok because the masses of the elements are not atomic molar masses. These masses are generally values determined in experiment in the lab. Step 2; set up the percent equation or equations (depending on how many elements are being solved for) with the element's mass contribution in numerator and the compound mass in denominator. There should be full canceling of units. Finally, step 3, multiply the ratio by 100 to get percent. While percent composition problems look very busy they are straight forward to solve. We will solve 4 of them using these step-by-step rules. The first example: an experiment on an unknown is found to contain 3.461 g of carbon, 0.615 g of hydrogen and 1.635 g of oxygen. What are the percent composition of the elements? Being a word problem we will take some time and review the problem before trying to solve it. Specifically, what are the known and unknowns in this problem? Given are 3.461 grams of carbon, 0.615 grams of hydrogen and 1.635 grams of oxygen. What is not known are the percent composition of these elements. From this set up we identify the problem as one using the percent composition rules. This conclusion may seem a bit obvious but, the practice of evaluating the problem before solving it will generally serve the student. The first step is to get the mass of the compound. Can it be done by calculating the formula weight of the compound? Well, the actual formula of the compound is not given. The problem claims that the compound is an unknown and only gives mass values of its constituent elements. The compound mass is therefore gotten by adding the masses of the elements. Will this produce a formula or molecular weight? No it will not. If the experiment was performed with twice as much of the unknown compound then each of the element masses would be doubled. The element's contribution to the compound mass is in relative proportion. So it doesn't matter if the compound mass is determined by adding weights, like this problem, or by calculating a formula weight. Both ways have the same proportion of compound mass to element masses. The ratio is the same. Ok, getting back to the compound mass. To restate the definition; the mass of the compound equals the sum of the masses of the elements. That is 3.461 g of carbon plus 0.615 g of hydrogen plus 1.635 g of oxygen. The calculator gives the mass of 5.711 g for the entire compound. We will keep those values handy. There are 3 elements and the percent composition for each has to be determined individually. Starting with carbon. Since we have the mass of a compound it is time to move into step 2; set up a percent equation. That begins with the ratio of 'mass of the element' to 'mass of the compound'. The 'mass of the element' carbon is 3.461 grams. The 'mass of a compound' was just calculated and it is 5.711 grams. The math can be done here or at the end of problem. We will do it here. The first thing to note is that the units of grams cancel out. That is important because the final answer percent does not have units. 3.461 divided by 5.711 is the decimal 0.606. The last step is to multiply by 100 to get percent. 0.606 times 100 equals 60.6%. The unknown compound is composed of 60.6% carbon. We'll keep track of that value. One down. What about hydrogen? What is its percent composition? For that we return to the setup equation. This time the 'mass of the element' is the mass of hydrogen; 0.615 g. The compound mass is still the 5.711 g. Canceling units and dividing 0.615 by 5.711 yields 0.108. To get percent multiply the value by 100. Hydrogen's percent composition is 10.8%. Add that value to the panel with carbon. We will return to these percents after getting the percent composition of all 3 elements. We only have oxygen to deal with. Like with hydrogen, solving the percent composition has us returning to the percent equation. This time the element mass belongs to oxygen with a value of 1.635 g. The mass of a compound is unchanged at 5.711 g. Canceling units and dividing 1.635 by 5.711 yields the decimal 0.286 which is converted into percent by multiplying it by 100. The percent composition of oxygen, in the compound, is the 28.6 percent. Add that to the panel and the question is solved. Are we done? The short answer is yes the long answer is no. We should double check our results. How do we do that? By recognizing that the whole is the sum of the parts. That is the sum of the percent from each element must equal 100. The addition of these 3 percent values should be 100 or something that rounds to 100. Again, these are experimental values and will have some error so exactly 100 is not always obtainable. In this case 60.6 +10.8 +28.6 does give 100%. That should give us confidence in our results. Okay, let's have another problem. What are the percent composition of the elements in Epsom salt? Epsom salt usually comes as a hydrate. That is, it has attached waters. Example 4 also has a hydrate for a compound. In that example we will consider the attached waters, here we will not. Word problems should be met with patients and carefully considered. We should ask "What are the knowns and unknowns?" The chemical formula of magnesium sulfate is given and the unknowns are the percent composition of the elements in the formula MgSO4. What is the relationship between the known and unknown values? It is the process of determining percent composition which begins by getting the mass of the compound. There are two options for getting the compound mass, calculating the formula weight or adding the masses of the elements. Which one should we use in this problem? Well, there are no given masses so the choice clearly falls to calculating the formula weight from the compound formula. At this point in their studies, the student should feel reasonably comfortable getting formula weights. Still, it can't hurt to run through the process again. In one mole of Mg S O4 there is 1 mole of magnesium, 1 mole sulfur and 4 moles of oxygen. The '1 to 1 to 4' comes straight from the subscripts of the elements in the compound with an absence of subscript implying a 1. A second point needs to be made considering the Mg S O4. It is an ionic compound with a polyatomic anion. If we were completely correct the magnesium would not be 1 moles of magnesium but rather 1 moles of the magnesium ion Mg+2. While this doesn't change the formula weight it does keep us on our toes. To get a formula weight of the compound we need to convert the moles of these particles into grams. The conversion factor for moles to grams of an element is the atomic molar mass. The actual masses will be gotten momentarily. As written the unit moles will cancel out leaving the unit grams. To get the actual masses we will consult a Periodic Table. We find the atomic molar mass of magnesium to be 24.31 g. Sulfur has an atomic molar mass of 32.07 g and the atomic molar mass of oxygen is 16.00 g. Returning to the formula weight calculation and inserting 24.31 g for magnesium ion, 32.07 g for sulfur and 16.00 g for oxygen we are ready to get the masses. For the magnesium ion cancel out units and doing the math gives 24.31 g of magnesium ion. For sulfur, cancel moles and do the math for 32.07 g of sulfur. And finally, 4 times 16;64.00 g of oxygen. All that is left is to add up the masses of the elements: 24.31 plus 32.07 plus 64.00 is 120.38. In one mole of magnesium sulfate there is 120.38 grams of magnesium sulfate. We will need these values as we proceed in determining percent composition of the three elements. Starting with the magnesium ion. Since step one is complete, move to step 2 and write out the percent equation. For the mass of element inset the 24.31 g of the magnesium ion. For the mass of the compound weight insert the 120.38 g formula weight of magnesium sulfate. The unit grams will cancel out and dividing 24.31 by 120.38 gives a value of 0.202. Step 3 is turning that decimal value into a percent by multiplying it by 100. 0.202 times 100 is 20.2 percent. 20.2 percent of the mass of magnesium sulfate is magnesium ion. We'll keep track of that value for the final double check. Magnesium is done, how about the sulfur? That requires us to return to step 2. This time for the mass of the element is the 32.07 g of sulfur. The compound mass is still the formula weight of 120.38 g. Gram units cancels and the math of 32.07 divided by 120.38 is a value of 0.266. This value is converted into percent by multiplying it by 100. That is 26.6 percent. 26.6% of magnesium sulfate is sulfur. We will keep that value too. That just leaves the oxygen and again we will return to step 2 and insert 64.00 g of oxygen into the mass of the element and that same 120.38 g of magnesium sulfate for the mass of compound. The division yields a value of 0.532. The last step is to convert that value into percent by multiplying it by 100. This will yield a final value of 53.2 percent. Oxygen comprises 53.2% of the mass of magnesium sulfate. And the problem is solved. As a double check we note that the sum of the percent composition of the elements must equal 100%. Therefore, the value of 20.2 added to 26.6 and 53.2 should give a sum of 100%. All the mass in magnesium sulfate has been accounted for. For the third example is a word problem with an extra dimension. When heated, calcium metal can react with the oxygen in the air to produce a metal oxide. 5.00 grams of Ca is heated and forms 7.70 grams of calcium oxide. What are the percent composition of the elements calcium and oxygen? This problem seems similar to the problem in the first example. It is however a bit more complicated and it will show why it is always a good idea to consider the problem before pursuing the answer. What are the known and the unknowns in this problem? The starting quantity of 5.00 g of calcium is given as is The mass of the final product calcium oxide. The 7.70 g is the mass of the compound and will be the denominator in the percent equation. What is unknown, aside for the percent composition, is the mass of the oxygen that combines with the calcium to form calcium oxide. The mass is not given but the question specifically asks for the percent composition of oxygen. Add oxygen as an unknown. We've seen a couple examples of percent composition so far and in each case the mass of the element was either given or its atomic molar mass was used. As we are not using formula weight for the compound mass the atomic molar mass is not an appropriate mass for the element. We need another way of getting the mass of oxygen. We need a relationship between what we know and what we don't know. In this case we can use the relationship that says the whole is the sum of its parts. Put into a mathematical form it says the mass of the whole of the compound, 7.70 g, is equal to the mass of its parts which are the 5.00 g of calcium and the unknown amount of oxygen. When shown in this perspective the amount of 2.70 g for oxygen's contribution becomes evident, or at least can be calculated. Add that value to set up and we are ready to move on to the rest the problem. Find the percent composition of the calcium and oxygen. That begins with step 1; get the mass of the compound. A look at the information we have already gathered shows the mass of the calcium oxide was given in the problem. There will be no need to calculate the formula weight or add the masses. With that in hand, get the percent composition of the calcium. Step 2 is to write out the percent equation that has mass of element over mass of compound and substitute in the 5.00 g of calcium for the element mass and 7.70 g of calcium oxide for the mass of a compound. Note that grams cancel out and doing the math, 5.00 divided by 7.70 is 0.649. To get percent composition multiply 0.649 by 100 for a final value of 64.9 percent. 64.9% of the mass of calcium oxide is due to the calcium. As for the oxygen, return to step 2 and insert into mass of element 2.70 g of oxygen and into mass of compound, 7.70 g of calcium oxide. That math produces a value of 0.351 which we can convert into percent by multiplying it by 100. The final value is 35.1%. 35.1% of that mass of calcium oxide is contributed by the oxygen. That should complete the problem. However, were going to look at a short cut in solving for the percent composition of oxygen. It involves the expression that 'the sum of all elements percent must equal 100' which is what we find if we look at 64.9+35.1 It does give 100%. Consider for a moment, that we never calculated the 2.70 g of oxygen therefore we were unable to come up with 35.1 % oxygen. We can still get that percent in a manner very similar to how we came up with the 2.70 g. If follows from the equation that says the 'sum of the parts is equal to 100'. We calculated the percent due to the calcium as 64.9 The part due to the oxygen is, we'll say, unknown. We have another example of an equation with a single unknown. A bit of math has oxygen needing to be 35.1%, that is, to sum to 100. Same basic concept as when we calculated it is a mass. A lot of time and effort can be saved in recognizing an unknown value can be solved if it can be put into equation where it is the only unknown. The last practice problem involves a hydrate What is the percent composition of water in the hydrate BaCl2 with 2 waters? Barium chloride is considered a hydrate because it is a compound that includes water molecules. They are physically attached. Usually it is a very specific number of water molecules. Here it is 2 waters and the dot between the barium chloride and the water is what signifies that it is a hydrate. For Epson salt the dot says that there are 7 attached water molecules. For both of these compounds those waters can be driven off with heat but given the opportunity the compound will attach waters molecules. The question should be reviewed for what is known and not known. The molecular formula of the compound is known and the percent composition of water is unknown. Note that the question asks for the percent composition of a molecule, water. The previous examples have asked for the percent composition of elements. The difference, however, is only one of terminology. The water in this problem is a part of the whole compound just as an element is a part of the whole compound. As such this problem can be solved in the same manner. Solving the problem requires an application of the steps for finding percent composition. Moving into the first step, getting the mass of the compound and we consider our options. Is the mass found by calculating the formula weight or by adding the masses of the individual elements? By being given the compound formula and, not any masses, the choice is made for us. There are several ways to approach getting the mass of the hydrate. Presented here will be calculating the mass of the individual compounds, the mass of barium chloride, and the mass of the 2 waters. These masses will then be combed into the mass of the hydrate. The main reason for taking this tact is that we are going to need the mass of the waters themselves in the percent equation. A secondary reason is that we want to start to build a collection of common molecular weights that come up so often that a recalculation is not always in order. Water fits that description. Starting with the Ba Cl2. An interesting question here is to ask whether this compound is ionic or covalent. Well, it contains an element from the left hand side of the Periodic Table and an element from the right hand side of the Periodic Table . That is a good indication that BaCl2 an ionic compound. From the formula it can we seen that 1 mole of Ba Cl2 contains 1 mole of barium ion and 2 moles of the chloride ion. These mole values need to be converted into gram values using the conversion factor of atomic molar mass. Remember that we can use the element's atomic mass for the ion's atomic molar mass. Referring to the Periodic Table, barium is found to have an atomic mass of 137.33 grams per mole and chlorine a value of 35.45 grams per mole. Insert in as a conversion factor: 137.33 grams per mole for barium ion and 35.45 grams per mole for the chloride. The mass of the barium is solved by canceling units and multiplying to get 137.33 grams of barium ion. The moles of chloride cancel and 2 times 35.45 gives a mass of 70.90 grams for chloride. Summing the masses of the ions gives a formula weight of 208.23 grams for barium chloride. That takes care of the barium chloride. Now to the water. And there are 2 common approaches for getting water's mass contribution. Both begin with the recognition that for every 1 mole of barium chloride hydrate there are 2 moles of H2O which can be written as 2 times 1 mole of H2O. The first approach is to treat water like a molecule and gets its mass by getting the masses of the elements that make up water. And in one mole of H2O there are 2 mole of hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen. Therefore, in 2 moles of H2O, there are 4 moles hydrogen and 2 moles of oxygen. We can take these values, along with the atomic molar masses of the hydrogen and oxygen, and calculate the mass contribution of the waters. Or we can start to build a library of common molecular weights and simplify the problem of calculating the grams of 2 mole of H2O by multiplying the 2 moles by molecular weight of H2O. Earlier in lecture we calculated that as 18.02 g per mole. The molecular weight of water comes up frequently in the study of chemistry and it is worth memorizing its value. This math gives a gram value of 36.04 grams. Quite a bit easier. Both approaches work; one is easier. That is the mass contribution of the two compounds. Now we need to find the mass of the whole compound, the whole hydrate, the barium chloride with the waters. That is the sum of the compound masses: 208.33 for barium chloride plus 36.04 g of water. That gives 244.27 grams for the barium chloride hydrate. It's time to calculate the percent composition of water in the compound. Step 2 calls up the percent equation. A slight modification in terminology is needed here because the problem asks for percent composition of water and not of an element. Changing the numerator 'mass elements' to 'mass part' broadens the equation and allows for the mass of water, 36.04 g to be added in the numerator. The denominator mass is the hydrate 244.27 g. Gram units cancel out and the math of 36.04 divided by 244.27 gives a value of 0.148. The last step is to convert it into a percent by multiplying by100 producing a percent of 14.8. 14.8% of the barium chloride hydrate is water. And that is the last of our examples Recapping the lecture. In a review of percent we saw that percent is a ratio taken 100 times. Percent composition is the mass percentage of each type of element in a compound. It can be expanded to include any part of the compound such as the water in the hydrate. It is found by dividing the mass of an element, or part, by the total mass of the compound and converting it into percent. Importantly, the sum of all elements' percent must be 100. To find the percent composition of an element or part first get the mass of the compound. Generally that involves one of the two procedures; calculate the formula weight if the formula is given or add the masses of the elements if they are given. From there set up the percent equation or equations with element's mass contribution in the numerator and compound mass in the denominator. Finally, multiply the ratio by 100. A double check can be done by adding all of the elements percent compositions together. It should sum to 100 and that concludes our lecture. Be sure follow up this lecture with a look at the 'Empirical Formula' lecture that it also contains percent composition problems. These two lectures are usually studied in tandem. [MUSIC]

Our current standard for determining the constitutionality of legislation restricting or punishing speech â€" which is that the speech in question has to result in "imminent lawless action" -- was formulated by the Supreme Court in 1969 in a case called Brandenburg v Ohio â€" a mere 45 years ago.  That means that it was not until the second half of the twentieth century that we developed our current approach to free speech. But, why did it take so long?  This question is important not only for understanding the history and development of this free speech right itself, but it's also important for understanding how Civil Rights & Civil Liberties developed more generally in the 20th century.  Contextual, historical developments outside of the Court, including the emerging civil rights revolution and the Vietnam War, combined with the Court's new role as a protector of fundamental rights and liberties after 1937 drove free speech jurisprudence in the second half of the twentieth century.  These 20th century developments, though, not only had to become politically possible in the 20th century, but they also had to upend and replace older conceptions of free speech that stretched back centuries. The original understanding of free speech in the United States was one that was inherited from England, and was thus woven into the customs and laws of both the states and the federal government. These understandings included ideas like "no prior restraint," which meant that speech vehicles (newspapers, pamphlets, etc.) could not be restricted.  However, the author and publisher of these speech vehicles could be prosecuted or muted for publishing anything after publication that was determined by the state to be licentious, libelous, obscene, or detrimental to the state itself. In the first decade of American government we saw this play out with the passage of the Alien & Sedition Acts by the administration of President John Adams in the late 1790's.  In part, the Act made it criminal to punish anything negative about the Adams administration, and many people, like Benjamin Franklin's grandson, were prosecuted.  Others, like James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, who had a more libertarian view of free speech, protested the acts most famously in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, which argued that states could declare federal law unconstitutional.  Nevertheless, the views of Jefferson and Madison remained a minority well into the 20th century.  Moreover, even among those who were against the Alien & Sedition Acts, there was still the belief that individual states restrict speech in many different ways â€" after all, the Free Speech clause would not be incorporated against the states until the 1920's. Older, common law understandings would continue to shape the development of the free speech clause, especially as the slavery controversy heated up in the first half of the nineteenth century.  Anti-Slavery abolitionists often used heated rhetoric in the condemnation of slavery, leading some states to ban such material through the mails. And then in the 1870's, the federal government passed the Comstock Act, which prohibited the sending of obscene materials through the mail. On the state level, states routinely banned certain materials and books, like those by Gustav Flaubert and James Joyce. But the rumblings of change began with the wars of the twentieth century.  During WWI, states and the national government passed syndicalism laws and Espionage Acts, which severely restricted free speech, both written and verbal.  By the end of WWII, 32 states had passed syndicalism laws, 1900 people had been prosecuted, and more than 100 newspapers, pamphlets, and periodicals were censored.  And from WWII to the change we see in 1969 in the Brandenburg case, the Court, with some exceptions, was unable to muster a majority of justices to strike down these laws as violative of free speech. So what changed? For one, our experience with totalitarian states during WWII gave some pause to our mechanically applying the older common law rules, such as the doctrine of no prior restraint.  How were we any different than Nazi Germany or Imperial Japan if we arrest and censor people for their speech? Relatedly, the Cold War was a fight between the US and Russia over power throughout the globe.  At the very least, older more restrictive understandings of free speech were bad "PR" for the United States as they sought to project US values abroad. During the Cold War, tensions ran high in the upper echelons of government â€" and in Hollywood, too â€" about Communist infiltration.  Led by Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, his committee on Un-American Activities ruined professional and personal lives with witch hunt's centered around things people simply said or wrote or who they met with. The emerging Civil Rights movement and growing concern about the Vietnam war also contributed to the Court crafting a new, more libertarian standard of balancing free speech rights with governmental interests. So by the late 1960's we can generally see the development of the Free Speech clause during the 20th century:  In the first half of the twentieth century, the Court produced balancing tests that sought to balance legitimate governmental interests with free speech; in the second half of the twentieth century, the court will produce a two-level theory, where political speech (like in the cases for this section) receive special protection (or strict scrutiny) unless they fall into four categories: obscenity, libel, fighting words, or commercial speech. So as you read these cases here are some things to consider: How valuable is free speech to self-government and the democratic process?  Is it possible that it's the most important right?  And if so, why did it take so long for us to recognize it as such? What, if any, are examples of legitimate governmental interests that curtail free political speech?  Is war one of them? Could you think of a test that could balance the interests of the state with the free speech interests of the individual? In this section, enjoy your relatively new-found right to free speech.

- There is a challenge online where there are dogs that are holding eggs in their mouth. Like, their mouths are so soft and they're such sweet puppies that they will hold an egg without breaking it. Basically, you're challenging your dog to hold a raw egg to see if they have a gentle mouth. So, then you start seeing a lot of golden retrievers doing this egg challenge and passing it. But then a bunch of other dog breeds were doing it. There are a lot of gentle pups out there. Are you one of them? (barking) (rock music) Alright, Lucy, we're gonna try this. This is an egg, can you take it in your mouth? She's just licking it, okay. Open your mouth, aah. No, you're not gonna do it, okay. Maybe we need to practice with something else. Get the lemon. Okay. No, you're gonna crack it. Ready, open your mouth. (barking) Can you be gentle and pick it up? No, don't bite. No, it's not gonna happen. Obviously my dog's not gonna be the one that's gonna be picking up an egg any time soon. (screams) Lucy! Why are certain dogs able to do this and does it really mean that they're just nicer more gentle dogs? A lot of dogs fail it. (laughing) - [Man] He won't take it. He wants nothing to do with the egg. - [Woman] Here you go. Ah, ah, ow, ow, no. - I still wanna know why Lucy can't do it while all these other dogs can. So, I decided to sit down with a veterinarian to find out what's going on with this egg challenge and what does it really mean? - The egg challenge is owners trying to find out if their dogs are capable of holding eggs in their mouths without breaking them. - It started with golden retrievers. - [Man] What's this, how about an egg? - They have what's called a soft mouth. Take the egg. - Golden retrievers are amazing. That's what made me become a vet. They are just known to be gentle dogs. Your structure should determine your function, and if you just look at the structure of their body, their mouths are kind of shaped in what we call a dolicephalic shape. It's basically an elongated mouth. So, it's bigger and longer and it's more capable, I guess, of holding eggs. - There are so many Instagrams of all these different types of dogs being able to do it. - But how you look isn't gonna determine whether you're a gentle personality or not. I think a pitbull could totally do this. They're super gentle. - But if your dog can't do this... - A dog can be the gentlest, most amazing dog ever and still not be able to hold an egg in her mouth. They might not be as intelligent, perhaps. (record scratching) - Oh my God. - Because it might be a matter of just general training. - I could train. - Yeah. - He can be trained to do it. - There could be potential for anything, don't worry. - I just don't want you to call my dog stupid. Because I wanna prove that she is a smart puppy and also gentle, I wanna try the egg challenge again with Lucy. I have to sanitize the egg because... - Salmonella can live outside or inside the egg. I've seen videos of an owner washing the egg three seconds under running water. I don't know if that would do anything. If you put poop under running water, it's probably still dirty. This is what will get me the most likes on Instagram, I'm gonna wash it with soap before giving it to my dog. - So, I'm gonna clean it with sanitizer and rinse it off. I've got a sanitized egg and now we're gonna try it on Lucy. Take. (growling) Take, take. This isn't gonna help. Lucy, do you wanna try holding the egg? I don't think she wants to do this anymore. I've been having a lot of trouble. It's not because she's stupid, it's because I'm stupid and I'm bad at training. Do you want it? (gasps) Oh, (bleep). I don't need to prove that Lucy's a gentle and smart dog because I know she is, but I'm going to prove that I'm smart enough to teach her to do the egg challenge. Why won't you take my egg? So, training is not going so well. She's like frenemies with the egg right now and I need to make her just friends. - Start with treats. I feel like if you can't do it with a treat, they probably can't do it with an egg. - So, see if they can just hold a treat without eating it? I'm spreading doggy peanut butter on the egg. Lucy, you interested in it now? You gonna lick it? Don't you wanna pick up the egg? Lucy, take the egg. She just licked the peanut butter, so my plan didn't work. She's avoiding me and hiding in her doggy teepee. New strategy, I am going to try to get her used to the egg. You feelin' better about the eggy? So, we're getting close. Can you take it and hold it? You put it down right away, okay. Yay, you did it kind of. Lucy's now able to hold the egg, but she drops it right away. Oh, Lucy, you broke it immediately. Getting the dog to hold it is one thing and to keep it in their mouth is another, probably because she doesn't want an egg in her mouth because who would want an egg in their mouth? Hold it, oh God. Okay, alright, we're getting close. Take. Yes! Yes! Oh, that was so good. We finally got Lucy to pass the egg challenge, like barely. She heard a sound outside and got distracted, so she got too distracted to drop it. You did it. I'm proud of you, you actually did the egg challenge. You know what, Lucy's not good at the egg challenge, and if she's dropping it it's because she's doing it on purpose 'cause she's smart. And we know Lucy likes to play basketball, so we're gonna see if Lucy can basketball with the egg. She can win her own challenges. Take it. Basket. Oh, that was all so perfect. Alright, Lucy just... Whoa, whoa, whoa, no, no, no, that's raw egg. Maybe she couldn't quite pass the egg challenge, but she (bleep) nailed the egg basket challenge. Look how perfectly that split in half. I still can't believe it. We're gonna celebrate by giving Lucy some eggs because she deserves it because she cracked it and she's so smart and I'm so good at training. Take that, vet.

Hi all. I have an absolutely fascinating going to show you .Booot that's with free O's Booot 6.3.1 against Leela Neural Network. This is in a TCEC cup so this is round 16 2019. Time control is thirty minutes with a five second increment per move. The opening book given e4 c5 - the Sicilian Defence - we have a Sicilian dragon a very exciting chess opening. Bishop e3 here Bishop g7 so Leela playing with the black pieces. This is the end of the book Bishop g7. Now Booot plays f3 we have castles Queen d2 knight c6 white castles Queen side this is still a very theoretical position and now Leela chooses d5. We have Queen e1 this is one of the major alternatives in the position from the point of view of human book moves and over the board chess. Another main variation here is e takes and Knight takes and I've even played with the black pieces here on numerous occasions. This is a very interesting exchange sacrifice by the way and White ignores that usually and this is thought to be an evenish position. There are chances for both sides. So Queen e1 though. This is a very popular mainline move. We have be d5 Knight takes bxc6 exd5 Knight takes d5 Bishop c4 now Bishop e6 King b1 Here there's a stem game instead of king b1 Ne4 has been seen before in the game Fabiano Caruana against Mamedov in 2012. Caruana managed to win that game eventually in 76 moves so he got a good position and eventually managed to win it in 76 moves. The final position was in the endgame so anyway so we're in good company as far as over the board stem games. But here king b1 was played this is still very very good company we're following still a Magnus Carlsen game believe it or not. Magnus Carlsen was white against the British grandmaster Gawain Jones where rook e8 was played Ne4 f5 Ng5 hitting that bishop on e6 and the bishop goes back to c8. Now to my amusement I found it amusing rather that Queen d7 can you see what white plays on Queen d7? To my amusement White has an interesting resource here based on d5 can you guess if I give you five seconds to call the video what would you play with white which is clinically strong? Okay Queen a5 would be possible because the Queen's just left giving up the a5 Square and actually it's kind of useful to take that opportunity for that a5 to put more pressure on d5 so this is an awkward configuration for black and in fact White could take off the defensive e6 bishop and then this would be quite bad for black. So we see this strange-looking retreat all the way back to c8 but the beauty is funny enough it does keep control of the a5 square. And in fact here this is also really amusing in the game of Magnus Carlsen Magnus actually played a howler of a move here. Magnus Carlsen against Gawain Jones played g4 and we've covered this on this channel. Guess what Gawain Jones played in this position winning a whole piece if I give you five seconds? Okay Gawain Jones played f4 hitting the bishop and also interrupting the Knights control. The Knight on g5 is just hanging. Believe it or not Magnus Carlsen played lost that Bishop on e3 and actually managed to claw his way back into the game. This was really kind of amazing Magnus took it seems pedantically on a7 you know but the Queen had influence over the Kings side and with the g-file opened up Magnus started to drum up real concrete opportunities and eventually managed to win. So yeah black's King was in big trouble bang rook takes g7 and Magnus clawed back to a win there. He's gonna be taking on e5 and then on e3 after so that was the classic game just from last year in Wijk aan Zee (Tata Steel) where that howler of a move g4 was played. Booot played better than Magnus Carlsen from a technical perspective playing h4 supporting that knight so that there's no f4 for winning a piece in broad daylight. Leela plays h6 we have Ne4 Bishop e6 so it seems a bit of bureaucracy here because of having to go back and forward but the point is now that the bishop can actually play to f7 which means that it's holding this d5 Knight kind of securely. Now you might also think isn't this strange what about f takes by the way yeah before we look at Bishop e6 if F takes here then this is celebrating that pin and this position again it's White's doing very well here with that d5 pressure. If black really has to give up the exchange which is technically the best move this isn't very good news at all for black. So d5 is a major issue in this variation generally it seems. It's being addressed here bishop b3. We see now Queen c7 so still keeping an eye on the a5 square. The other amusing thing by the way this Queen could also pop in to h2 will see in a later variation where h4 might actually be weak as well as White's king so the Queen's are really bouncing around behind the scenes but just keep an eye - a look on this Queen as well keep an eye on the Queen as well. So Bf7 we see g4 and you see that the Queen's potentially being opened up as well as the bishop if Black ever gets in e4 and in fact this is the very top priority for Leela to take and not allow the knight blockade. So nimzowitsch would be proud that leela perhaps did not allow this blockading move Knight e4. If for example a4 then either Queen g3 or Knight e4 if Knight e4 white really has a fantastic grip on the position. This wouldn't really be a good advert for the entire variation. White has really got control here and nice pieces. As long as this bishop is also kept under lock and key from the blockade as well as that pawn white shouldn't fear too much here. Also for example Queen g3 yeah but it's preferable from my point of view to do use that blockade if it's possible so anyway e4 opens up the bishop along that diagonal and shows the real dangers now potentially black can build up now. We have rook f1 but you'll have to note here as I mentioned the Queen has a view on h2 in this position which is not entirely insignificant. We see a5 Queen f2 rook e7. This would be a blunder Rab8 allows Na6 by the way forking Queen and rook. Rf8 is also plausible. White is fine though so rook e7 c3 Rf8 we see queen g1 and the rook goes back Rde1 now King h8 and actually it's almost as if Booot loses patience here because black does have the interesting possibility of taking on e3 at the right time. Booot seems to commit to Bishop takes d5. Intuitively it would seem doesn't this weaken White's King side doesn't it weak and fundamentally the light squares? If a move like g5 so this is a quite a committal decision so let's have a look at alternatives g5 h5 this position e3 so that pawn is a criminal which should be kept under lock and key if you're a Nimzovich fan and if it isn't we see that actually sometimes the e4 square can be used as a pivot for the rook to go to g4. So for example like this and look at this. The Queen also on this angle of the game is pointing at g1 and here is a funny variation with e2 - so after Rxe2 rook g1 so amusements with this e-pawn letting the pieces really attack the back row in this variation. Fascinating stuff also okay so Bishop takes d5 that's the committal decision I started questioning and here instead of Bishop d4 what about King a1 as an example? Well taking on e3 taking on b3 with Re5 Rf5 and the thing is here black has a lust to transform this one pawn into two connected passed pawns if white ever takes. Say white does take we've got potential pawn mobility of two connected passed pawns and this should end up being really nice for black if we look at this position White is under severe pressure and look at this diagonal. White is just really doing badly there. Going downhill so anyway so maybe there's some insight there for this committal decision why it was played Bishop takes d5 so we have Bishop takes d5 g5 h5 and now Rf6 - a technically interesting move but of course Leela doesn't have to accept this exchange sacrifice and Leela side steps with King h7. Taking opens up the wrath of the pieces as you might expect so for example here taking on g6 Black's King is looking to be dismantled all sorts of nasties. It doesn't bear thinking about if Rf7 again you know Queen take g6 so yeah it's just ignored King h7 and White has essentially sealed the King side. However you know if white had played h5 then of course it's maybe it's worth considering g5 to keep the king side closed. But here this continuation in the game it seems black's King is really airtight at the moment. b3 Queen e5 this is really interesting so getting the unblockade on the e-pawn and then switching back to b8 here is fascinating. So pinning that pawn on b3 keeping an eye on this diagonal this b8 to h2 diagonal we see Queen e3. If Bishop e3 a4 and Queen b5 this is interesting for example this endgame the light square bishop is pretty good and if Black gets the f-file this is just very good for black. So Queen e3 will see a4 which is very aggressive stuff. What's going on here now ? So trying to open up lines against the White King Nxa4 was played. To show some of the dangers here - if King b2 axb3 axb3 and then the rook can switch to a7 and here just taking on b3 is fantastic for black. Instead of Kb2 - what if b4 then what I mentioned earlier Queen h2 is actually very handy here hitting h4 hitting a2 will the light square bishop and of course there's the thorn pawn as well to factor in. So say rook f2 then taking on h4 so we've got the outside passed pawn here. Black's getting a big advantage so fascinating stuff. Here if Queen f2 taking taking on d4 a3 thorn pawn e3 and this is just really nice for black as well look at b4 being really weak and then light square bishop just waiting to come in. So Knight takes a4 but now Leela to play what does Leela play if I give you five seconds to pause the video? Okay shredding open the lines not against Shredder though - rather than against Booot so Bishop takes b3 a takes Qxb3. Is Leela kicking the boot in here? So we see Nb2 now Ra8 yeah this is very strong and perhaps instructive to the attacking player. Why not you might think the more direct looking rook b8 with a concrete threat? Well it could be parried and then what is the follow-up? For example here white seems to be okay controlling that a-file with this technical looking move Qa3 so a-file is under control with rook a8 which provides very interesting opportunities now. We see the move c4 looking at this position from a defensive and scientific manner if rook f2 for example then c5 is strong for example Bishop takes ... Bishop x c3 and here Queen a2 check and this is a disaster for white. On c5 if Bishop takes then just not recapturing but this look at the a file now is lethal threatening rook a1 checkmate so keeping that knight pinned at the moment and this is just leading to a disaster - checkmate So c4 was tried wanting the exchange of Queens. Check King c1 rook b8 now we see Bishop c3 if Re2 as another try then Rb3 hitting the Queen and now e3. This is strong this is a very strong continuation that's big advantage so Bishop c3 was tried. Rb3 We've got pins emerging here. Kc2 Reb7 so an absolute pin a relative pin. This rook is a bit ridiculous on f6. We see Queen c1 and now rook takes c3 check Qb3+ dragging that King out to play. Kd4. On Kd2 then there's rook d7 check and black can play this. Bishop takes and Queen f3 is check mate so we see Kd4 Qg3 another super powerful move not the direct looking check by any means but it turns out c5 is also pretty ok for black more than okay perhaps this kind of situation black gains a big advantage but this is much stronger Qg3 we see rook d1. There are big threats in this position involving rook d7. So we see a Rd1. If for example Rh1 c5 check and then here this is a way for white to get mated as an example. Or rook g1 again the King being so exposed it's not gonna end well so okay so rook d1 we see e3 believe it or not Kd3 - e2 check the King's really getting exposed. Black getting rid of that pawn and now taking here on f6. Also strong here is rook takes b2 check with this continuation Qg4 taking the Queen this is quite good for black because of the two connected passed pawns there. But this is even stronger. Taking (on f6) and now taking here wins the Queen. If the King steps back of course then it's checkmate so this wins the Queen. Nice tactical sequence. f7 the game actually ended here both engines thought it was all over basically. More than 10 units advantage if it continued Qe5+ this is a continuation example where it's easy for black. The pawns not going anywhere so a crushing game by Leela on the black side of the sicilian dragon. Following a really topical stem game. Booot even playing better than Magnus Carlsen from a technical point of view not blundering a piece. And still losing to a horrible hack attack on the Kingside. What can you do? Leela's just too strong. Okay I hope you enjoyed this game as much as me I got a kick out of it :) kicking the boot in of Booot. So if you enjoyed the game video then please click on the top left box which should appear shortly to become member at www.chessworld.net - play against other youtubers you can also test yourself on variations covered in this game and other game videos from the improve menu the puzzle books option which has a link to the annotated game. Comments questions Donations - see description. Likes shares subscribes with the notification bell really appreciated. Thanks very much and I think I will do a bolt-on for some of the puzzles of this game. Okay this is the celebration puzzle book of this amazing game Booot against Leela this is on www.chessworld.net The improve menu puzzle books you see it's the latest one added today and let's have a look now. So white to play for a clear advantage here. This was a really funny thing if Queen d7 to consider Queen a5. Maybe this is one of the subtle secrets of this whole Qe1 variation. To keep the Queen on this diagonal so it can either go here or here but here it's hitting d5 now black tries to move the bishop to g8 we can snap that bishop and then take on d5. So very interesting I thought that one. White to play for a clear advantage here. What was going on here? I wonder it doesn't ring a bell immediately g5? I'll get a hint. Just Knight e4 of course the blockade positional blockade it was a bit subtle I think White's just in control in the position once the bishop is under lock and key it's just the positional blockade. It's not a concrete solution but White is just standing very well I don't think White would have too many concerns here as long as this bishop is shut out of the game White to play for a clear advantage here I think that's a weakness in the last move again neglecting a6 that we can pounce into that one to win the exchange here white play for clear advantage - this is just crashing through on that on that g-file We can do all sorts here we can play the check and and use the G file so no way would that be accepted by Leela - that R on f6. Here white play for a clear edge again just crashing through. Disaster variations for Leela there potentially. Black to play for a clear advantage here. I thought this was a fun one with Queen h2 check. Was it taking on first there ah that's important actually. Now check here. I'm missing the point. Hold on a moment ... maybe it was just taking here. Hint ... Now going for the a-file I think we can just take here and then Bishop x b3 So it is not easy for White to parry that a file. This one with b4 - I think this is the one with Qh2 because we're hitting a2 and h4 So this is good news to just play Rf8 and there's problems for white after tha. Passed pawn there. Now this one - can we just put the pressure on b2? Actually no no no no ... trying to lure the bishop away from this diagonal c5 nope ah this does require accuracy. Maybe Rb3 key tempo gainer and now I wonder if it's ... yeah quite a lot precision is needed. Is it this one c5 I'm guessing. Hint ... e3 okay and then here after e3 okay it's stuff for investigation if you want to check out the entire puzzle book and get you know to understand why exactly these sequences are important - and these finesses so I hope you enjoy that as well as part of the video checking out www.chessworld.net on there improve menu puzzle books okay thanks very much.

(classical music) - I'm Cristen, and this is Brain Stuff. And there are plenty of things I'd like to erase. The box of pizza rolls I ate yesterday, ever watching Sex in the City part two, and every single Willy Wonka meme. Just make them stop. Unfortunately, a lot of marks in this world are permanent, but not so with pencil marks. Yes, the humble pencil, or not so humble, as the case may be. Pencil lead isn't actually lead at all, so no, you can't get lead poisoning from a pencil wound. It's made from graphite, which is a soft mineral made up of flaky, atom-thin layers of crystal and carbon. Ever since the 1790s that graphite has been mixed with clay to achieve different pencil lead hardnesses. As you write or draw flakes of this clay and graphite mix cling to the fibers that make up your piece of paper. The fibers have a huge surface area that catches lots of flakes, and the flakes will gladly stick around for decades if they're not disturbed. But erasers can lift those flakes right off the page by virtue of being stickier than the paper fibers. It's as simple as that. Since the flakes are just hanging onto the paper, not unlike thousands of tiny clay and graphite kittens just hangin' in there, anything stickier than paper can lift them off. In fact, the earliest erasers going back to at least the 1500s were just bread, slightly moistened and balled up pieces of bread. By the 1800s people were using erasers made from natural rubber, which is harvested in the form of latex from certain trees which excrete it to discourage plant-eating insects. The name rubber actually comes from one chemist's observations circa 1770 that this tree latex stuff is great when you use to rub out pencil marks. Get it? Rub out? Rubber? Huh? But because natural latex rubber can be expensive and some people are allergic to it, (coughs) condoms, modern erasers are almost always made from synthetic petroleum-based rubber like polyvinyl chloride. Your standard pink eraser has bits of pumice added to make it more abrasive, which is a cheap way to help dislodge flakes of graphite from those paper fibers. And magic erasers work on a similar principle. Magic. No, instead of being literally sticky, they contain rigid micro structures that trap dirt. But if you're ever without one, give your standard pink eraser a try. They're effective on way more than just pencil marks. So hey, I want to know. What would you erase if you had the chance? Tell me in the comments and if you like this video, make it official and subscribe so you won't miss the next one. And if you're just pining for more stuff from us, check out our site at brainstuffshow.com.

-All right. -All right. Murray is our big loser. That's right, and today we're at Tumblr, and the CEO is giving their weekly meeting. And, Murray, you are a new hire, very hip and young, and you are gonna heckle the whole thing. -Yes. -Oh, come on. [ Laughter ] Just before we get rolling here, I would love it if, this week... Sal: The CEO's the only one in the room that knows -- he gave his permission to film with Tumblr. Murray does not know that. Intern experience -- Beyza, come on up. [ Cheers and applause ] Q: Here we go. I'm originally from Turkey, and I've been working on iOS Core Team. Yell, "Like a boss!" It feels amazing. It feels really good. [ Laughter ] I organized a -- Like a boss! -Yeah. -Whoo! [ Laughter ] [ Speaking indistinctly ] Yell, "Like a boss!" again. More obnoxious, though. Go "baawwws." I had meetings with other teams, so it feels really great. Like a baawwws! [ Laughter ] No claps! No claps this time! And before I start anything about my project, I needed to plan it. -Like...a...baawwws! -A...baawwws! So, I had iOS experience before, but it was with Objective-C, so I learnt some -- Like a baawwws! [ Laughter ] Um. [ Laughter continues ] Man: Here we go. Um. [ Laughter ] Relax. It's casual. Just mumble "Tumblr police" under your breath. Tumblr police. [ Laughter ] He's so good at being a dick. Shuqi, come on up. Joe: "I mean, who doesn't come up? Who doesn't come up in this meeting?" I mean, who doesn't come up? Seems like the whole company's coming up. [ Man speaking indistinctly ] [ Laughter ] "Participation trophy for everybody." It's like a participation trophy. [ Laughter ] Oh, my God. Shuqi, tell us about your experience this summer. Shuqi-Shuqi, now. [ Laughter ] Shuqi: Hi. Um, hello -- hello, everyone. Shuqi-Shuqi, now. Hey, I have an idea. Why don't you zip it until he's finished, okay? Thanks. -Oh! -Oh, my God. ♪♪ Man: Really? [ Laughter ] They're on their IM, calling for security. All the employees use an interpersonal IM called "Slack," and they're on it, calling for security to come get him out. So, Murr, just say, "I'm on Slack, too. I can see what you guys are doing." Yeah. I'm on Slack, too. I know what you guys are doing. [ Laughter ] [ Laughter and applause ] Sal: He put the phone away! We have a special surprise for y'all. We just found out a little while ago how big a fan they are of Guy Fieri, and it turns out Joe has his contact info, and we called Guy and asked him to call in. ♪♪ [ Audience cheering ] Yeah. Is that Guy Fieri? [ Laughter ] Hey, everybody in Flavortown, hope you're having a good summer. [ Cheers and applause ] Yell, "Guy Fieri, you suck!" By the way, you are huge on Tumblr. I don't know if you knew that or not. Our team really loves you a lot. We have a big project -- Guy Fieri sucks. -Hey! -Ohh! -Ohh! -Oh, my God. Hey, you better watch yourself, pal. -Ohh! -Oh, my God. Oh, my God. We have a rule here that says "No assholes," and you're at the top of the asshole list. -Ooh! -Wow. [ Laughter ]

'What deadly secret did Kailash's corpse expose?' 'Was he really into shady things or was he just helpless?' 'Had his daughter Shagun killed her father for her lover Angad?' 'Was his brother Prajapati holding a grudge?' 'Watch this shocking story of a murder in Jaipur' 'on 'Crime Patrol, Dastak'.' Hello, sir. Where's Kailash? - He hasn't been coming to work. What! I was just away for 15 days and things have gone haywire here! What has happened to him? - He's taken to cross-dressing. He stopped coming to work, too. 'Locket.' Mom! What's going out here? Sister-in-law, how much more are we going to get shamed? So far he would enact his plays only outside. Now, he's started here, too. - Aunt! - But.. Rather than watching this at home I better go to my parents'. - Hey, Suman! What is it? I haven't said anything wrong. I hadn't decked up as much as uncle has even for my wedding. Why don't you get it? He's the elder of the house. I can't stop him. I'm helpless! He's your uncle! Have some shame! Sister, Brother-in-law has grown a bit too weird. Better sort him out. I don't care about you, but I can't bear to see my son dance with this man! - What's wrong about it, Dad?' At least, I don't roam on streets like other boys. What's wrong with enacting mythological acts? Everyone can see who is influencing you. Come with me, now! I request you all to go home now. Mom, I can't face people at college anymore. Forget college, we can't even face the neighbours lately. Dad had earned such a reputation in this city. But brother is ruining it all! For how long will this go on? Kailash! - Sir, you're here! Where's Kailash? He's in his room. I wonder what's wrong with him. Kailash! Sir! Kailash, what's all this! - Sir, I.. Please come in, sir. I'll explain. Come in. Sorry, pal. I'm a bit late. Never mind. - Your life is sorted, pal. You indulge in devotion with your uncle all day. What do you even do? - Why do you care? Forget it. - It doesn't concern me. But what do you do this for? Let's just say people are not how they seem. And I'm not indulging in devotion. I'm just acting. - Acting? What for? - To catch the big fish. Mom, where's dad? I want to talk to him! I don't know, dear. I wonder where he went. Sister-in-law, relax. He must be somewhere around. He will be back. - How can I not worry? He hasn't called all day. This has never happened before. Don't worry, I'll look for him. Even I'll go along. - Simran, why are you going? I'll go look for dad. - But Simran.. Did you find him? I asked all his friends but to no avail. Where has he gone? - Where else? Must be with his troupe. Shagun! - Kailash is nowhere to be seen. I even enquired with his troupe. Isn't this what you wanted? That he left forever? He's gone now! Weren't you embarrassed because of him? Now, you need not feel ashamed! - Mom, dad will be back. But when? It's already so late! Simran.. Where's Simran? - Simran.. Greetings! I, Senior Inspector, Sawai Singh Rathod welcome you all to 'Crime Patrol, Dastak.' They say, one's nature and signature never changes. But how did Kailash undergo such drastic change? 'Was he really under a gender identity crisis?' 'Or was there another reason behind this act?' Whatever be the reason, Kailash was really scared. But his family rebuked him instead of supporting him. Something wrong was happening with Kailash. But did no one sense it? Or had they become so selfish out of fear of defamation that they ignored this sign? Clear everything from here and dig out this side. Sir! Sir, the corpse is around two months old. It's a male. Who saw it first? - Sir, my worker did. Was it you? - Yes, sir. Does anyone live nearby? - No, sir. Just a new colony nearby. It's not allotted yet. The work is still in progress. This seems like a man's corpse but.. Show me the locket. Open it. Send the corpse for post-mortem and get both pictures enlarged. Yes, sir. - Okay? Sir! Here are the enlarged photographs from the locket. Here's the post-mortem report. The corpse is around two months old. It's a male aged around 55 to 60 years. The skull is fractured from behind and all bones on the backside are broken. Sir, maybe this is an accident case. Seems like someone murdered him and ran a car over him. Listen, enquire with the nearby police stations. Check all missing reports since the last two months. Okay? - Sir! - And update it on the police website, too. She seems around six years old. Seems from a good family. Must be a school-going kid. Enquire around at schools. - Sir! Sir. I'm looking for my kid, Saloni. She is six years old and in the 1st grade. Do you know her whereabouts? I don't know. She was playing a while back. You don't know? What do you mean by that? Were you hired to watch videos or to look after the kids? She's my daughter, after all. She studies in this school. She plays here. Where did she go? Ma'am, why are you yelling at me? You should've been here on time. Hello, mom. Is Saloni at home? Why? She should be with you instead. Didn't you go to pick her up from the school? Well.. In the market, it took some more time than anticipated. When I reached here, Saloni was gone, already. But where did she go? Don't get worked up, mom. - H-Hello. What happened? Did you find Saloni? No, mom. I looked everywhere possible but.. But Saloni is nowhere. So.. - She's not even there. Why weren't you there on time? Didn't you want to be a mom? Can't you look after you kid? God knows, where she'll be? Don't worry, we'll get her back. I'll go to file a missing report. I can't let this happen again. Your dad, left us. I can't afford to lose Saloni. You both, go to the police station while I look around for her. I.. I'll be right back with her photograph. Pull it over, sir. Here you go. Ma'am.. My daughter.. Please take a seat. Now tell me, what's the matter? Ma'am, my daughter is missing. I mean, I-I was late to school. She left by then. When did it happen? Just a while back. Ma'am, she's a six year old kid. Please, find her. God knows, where did she go? I'm concerned about her wellbeing. Mom, please. What's her name? Saloni. She's six years old and is in 1st grade. She studies in Girls High School. She's in her school uniform. Do you have a photo? Fine. You can go home now. We don't file a report unless for 24 hours. Since she's six years old, we'll do the needful. Thank you. Hello. Yes, Priyam. Tell me. What? Did you find Saloni? He found Saloni. Yes, we'll be right there. May I come in, sir? Come in. Sir, we have a missing report about a kid. She went missing, a few hours back. This is the same girl. Where's her mom and.. Sir, they just left. Call them back, now. - Yes, sir. Ma'am, the inspector? Ma'am. - Ma'am, we found Saloni. You found her? - Yes, we did. Please, come with me. Sir. Please be seated. We've found a body. About 55 to 60 years old, died two months back. We've some items belonging to the dead body. Could you please check to identify? Here you go. We have found this. This is a nose pin. And a locket as well. There were two photographs inside it. Take a look. I think, it's you and your granddaughter. All these, belongs to my spouse. How did you get these? Come. Let me show you. Please come. Sir, this isn't my husband. He became a saint. He defied the world for better good. But mom. The ornaments.. They belong to father-in-law. Yes, they do. But, maybe he donated everything to this man.. Before he left. And it's his body, not my husband's. Where was he going? Sir, he left us two months back. Sir, he's in Vrindavan. We need to do our job. You're his daughter. - Yes, I am. We need to match your DNA with his blood sample. Okay. Ma'am, you're getting worked up for no good reason. The dead body. It can't be Kailash sir. Mr. Manohar of Jaipur.. Saw Mr. Kailash last month in Vrindavan. He was serving there. Yes, mom. Don't worry. Dad will be back soon. You don't worry. I'm sorry to say. The DNA is a match. The dead body is of your husband, Mr. Kailash. Mom.. Be strong. Sir, you're mistaken. Last month, one of the relatives, saw him in Vrindavan. He must be mistaken. The body is two months old. How would someone see him after he died? Your husband went missing two months back and you didn't even file a missing report? Because, he told us not to inform the police. Manorama ma'am, you're here? Yes, Urmila. Mr. Kailash was here. He said, he'd like to lay low for a month or two. He's scared. He might put your lives in danger. So, he said not to look for him. He'll be back on his own. I thought, he'd come back. But.. You trusted Manorama ma'am? Yes, because we know each other since ages. Her husband was a friend of my spouse. And after her husband passed away. It was Kailash, who looked after her. What's her address? Yes, he was here. Ma'am. - Hello, sir. Ma'am, these are your medicines for the next six months. And this.. It's an ATM card. Ask Kanti, if you need something. He's trust worthy. Now-a-days, nobody can be trusted, ma'am. Why don't you learn how to withdraw cash from the ATM? But why do you say so? Are you going away? Yes, I'm leaving town for a few days. Ma'am, will you inform my family? Or they'll be worried. Please meet them before you leave. Or maybe call them instead. They won't let me go, if I meet them. If I make a call.. There's a bright possibility, my calls are tapped. But. - Ma'am, my life is in danger. I don't want to put my family in danger too. But where will you go? Where the almighty takes me to. Are you missing out on anything? Anything apart from this? No, these were his exact last words before leaving. Okay. Thank you. Tell me something, what was your husband afraid of? Was there anyone, who was a danger him? What's wrong with you? - No. Don't open the door. Why are you.. - Don't open the door. Listen to me. What are you doing? Open the door, Kailash. Listen to me. Come out. Kailash? Come out. What have you done to yourself? Get a hold on yourself. If you do like this, who'll take care of me? Who will take care of the house? I'm by your side. And I'll be with you forever. But at the same time I need to know where it leads to. What was happening? Sir started doing weird stuffs in the house. Everyone made fun of us. Everyone said that my brother had gone completely crazy. We were quite hesitant to go out of the house. They had started their antics at home as well. Where did he used to work? - In the GWD department. He was an executive engineer there. - I work there as well. And who are you? - I'm his son-in-law. You stay here? At your in-law's place? - Yes. I'm an orphan so sir wanted Me to stay here with everyone after marriage. Sir, the superintendent engineer came to the house once. I don't know about their conversation. ,Man1Get a hold on yourself. - Are you all right? Sir, since the day dad is missing she is the one most affected. Did anyone see Kailash, leaving? His car was missing so we thought he went somewhere. Then Manorama came and informed us. Find out the vehicle number and start the investigation. Enquire the neighbors and office colleagues See, whether they know anything about him being missing. - Sir! Who all were there in his group? Few musicians and his nephew, Rishi. A GWD engineer named Kailash used to live here. Do you know him? - Yes, indeed. Did you find him? He had been murdered. I read in the newspaper that the police found a dead body. Was it him? - Yes. I knew, he was in danger. - Why? Why is that? Sir. Have you ever saw them here, before that? No, sir. - Okay. Kailash was a nice man, he never had any problems with anyone. He was good, but.. - What do you mean? Don't know sir, who is good and who is bad. What happened here? Kailash Solanki, you are a thief and corrupted. You are a moron. Look at his black face. Make him wear that gnarled. Kailash Solanki.. Shame, shame! Kailash Solanki.. Is a shame! Kailash Solanki.. Is a shame! But no one said anything as such. How'll they say? If they raise finger on one the others will also be in trouble. Where is the superintendent? - He is in Delhi. Inform us once he is back. - Yes, sir. Sir. - Yes. Everyone has different opinions on Kailash. Some are saying he was a good man. While the peon said he was corrupted. Now superintendent will be the one to know it correctly. But he is out of town. Did you find anything about the car? Sir I had a conversation with the IDO.. But we are clueless about the car. Kailash's neighbors said, one of his relatives helped him. Rishi was also missing since the day Kailash went missing. Where does Rishi live? I've heard that since the day Kailash went missing. Your boy is also missing. - Who said he is missing? He is in Mumbai. I don't like his antics. So I've sent him to Mumbai. Saying, act as much as you want. We talk for hours on every weekends. Call him up. The number you are trying to call is currently switched off. The number is switched off. He must be in an audition. Note down his number. Prajapati, are you convinced now? You have even got it's receipt. I hope you'll pay me now. So you finally have the time to meet me How can you say like that without even seeing? If I'm not the one whom you think I'm, then? I know your footsteps. I can breathe your essence. Your father-in-law is an actor. And the other one is you. You are acting as if you are quite upset by his death. You are no less than an actor. Sir, Rishi's phone is switch off. His phone is switched off since the day Kailash dis appeared. Rishi's father said that he speaks to Rishi every day. Why is he lying to us? He'll tell us about that. You said your son is in Mumbai. Isn't he? You converse with him every day. - Yes. He called me yesterday as well. From which number? From his number. That number has been switched off for two months. Are you lying to us? Why did you lie? What else could I do, sir? He has humiliated me. He has gone missing along with Mr. Kailash. I think he has become his friend.. How could I face my relatives, sir? That's why I lied that he is in Mumbai. Aren't you worried about your son? It's possible that something bad has happened to him. I didn't think that way, sir. Things weren't fine here. So, I thought it was good that he left for I'd not be humiliated anymore. Did Rishi have any friends or acquaintances? He only has one friend, Kapil. Sir, I don't know where Rishi is now. Do you know Kailash? Kailash.. Yes, sir. Rishi used to perform with him. Do you know anything about him? I'd talked to Rishi once about him. It's deceptive. It isn't what it seems like. I am not performing, it's a game that we are playing.. A game.. Why? To get on the end of something great. What did he mean? He didn't divulge that, sir. We found Kailash's corpse two months after his murder. It was proving difficult to solve the case as the murder happened quite a while ago. We weren't get any information from Kailash's colleagues. We didn't have any suspects of the murder as well. Rishi, who used to perform with Kailash had gone missing along with him and so we grew suspicious of him. According to, Rishi's friend, Kapil he performed with Kailash not because of devotion. The question was whether Kailash's murder was connected with Rishi. Sir, the superintendent engineer of GWD has come back from Delhi. All right. We are coming. Sir, the superintendent engineer has come back. Let's go. - Yes, sir. - Come on. I was out of station for 15 days in connection with work. When I came back, I found out that Kailash was accused of corruption. He had a clean record. So, I couldn't believe it. I went to his house to meet him. What is happening, Kailash? Sir, please trust me. I didn't do anything, sir. I am innocent. W-What are you doing? Stand up.. Listen. I consider you as my friend. Kailash, it's about your job. You have to prove your innocence. I will, sir. Just give me two months' time. I will find out everything. All right. Two days later, he went missing. And today morning, I came to know that.. Let us take your leave. Okay, sir. Madan. - Sir. Someone was trapping Kailash and I think he murdered him. Keep an eye on everyone and get me the details. - Yes, sir. Sir, we found Kailash's car. It was at Baroda. Bring the one who found the car. - Yes, sir. Is this is your car? - Yes, sir. No. You are lying. This car isn't yours. It belongs to Kailash Solanki, who has been murdered. He'd left home in this car before the murder. How did the car end up with you? Sir, I don't know about that but I paid Rs. 6 lakhs for this car. Show me the papers. - Here you go, sir. Where did you buy it from? There is a garage called Rann Bhumi in Jaipur's Gol Chowk market. Who is Angad? Sir, I'm Angad. What happened, sir? Did your vehicle broke down? Do you know Kailash Solanki? Yes. - Did you sell his car? Yes, sir. Sell my car. Take it.. Sir, his car was sold for Rs. 6 lakhs. In cash? - Yes. Where is the money? Sir, I took Rs. 50,000 as commission and gave him the rest. Do you have its papers? Yes. - Bring it. Sir. This is the one we have. Here you go, sir. He had signed it. Keep it with you. We will talk to you later. The car is expensive. It's possible that he is involved. Enquire about him. - Yes, sir. You didn't believe me earlier. But you do now, right? I don't get it. Kailash's family said that he was scared of someone and that's why he wanted to go into hiding. The guy at the garage said that he wanted to sell his car. Sir, that means he'd made all the plans to leave. And he was murdered before that. Neither his family nor his colleagues knew that he was going somewhere. Who is the one that murdered him? Near the outer ring road in Jaipur GWD workers finds a two-month-old corpse. After the DNA test it becomes obvious that the it is Kailash Solanki's corpse. He was an executive engineer at GWD. We were suspicious of Kailash's family members. All of them were under our radar. From the conversation with the GWD superintendent engineer it became obvious that he was being trapped. Kailash had asked him for two months' time to prove his innocence. Sir, there is blood on my hands. It's haunting me. I hear his voice all the time. I feel like he is behind me all the time. Whom did you murder? One of my family members. Here you go. Please solve this problem of mine. Yes, sir. It's next week. I will keep you updated, sir. Yes. Sir, we got Rishi's call details. But there is something strange, sir. He sent the most number of messages to Simran. Rishi used to message you a lot, right? What did he message you? T-They were normal forwarded messages. Why did he send them to you? What are you saying, sir? Rishi is my nephew and they are of the same age. That's why. - Yes, sir. Madan. - Sir. - Keep an eye on her. Something is not right. She is hiding something. Look at this. - Sir. Okay. - Sir, you'd asked me enquire about Angad. Sir, his account was credited with Rs. 5 lakhs on the very next day Kailash went missing. I've also got his call records. He has been in touch with Shagun even before Kailash went missing. Keep an eye on him. - Yes, sir. I'm going out. Take care of everything. Sir, Angad has gone out of the garage. Follow him. I will reach their soon. What.. Did you murder your father for him? S-Sir, please listen to us. We haven't done anything, sir. Sir, I was in love with Angad even before getting married. And when dad came to know about it he got really angry. You scoundrel! How dare you eye my daughter! What you are doing is unforgivable. I've to teach you a lesson. Break everything! What are you doing? - Come on. I got pregnant soon after that. Dad married me off to Priyam. He was dad's junior at his office. You were angry at him all these years and when you got the chance you finished him off. No, sir.. He is the one who approached me. I know what I did to you is wrong. I destroyed your entire garage. Didn't you incur a loss? Sell my car. Take it.. Keep the money with you. I will sort out everything else. You are lying! - N-No, sir. We aren't. He isn't lying, sir. Dad had talked to me on the night before he met him. Are you finding it hard to get good sleep? Since when did you start to worry about me? Why are you so furious? Tell me. How are things between Priyam and you? Just leave it be, Dad. I am with the one whom you wanted me to be. But we never had a physical relationship with each other. Shagun. Dear, what I did to you is wrong. Please forgive me. I-I will sort everything out. That's a nice story. But I don't believe it. You loved each other. Mr. Kailash didn't approve of the relationship. You murdered him when you got the chance to and you sold his car. No.. - No, sir. W-We are innocent. No, sir. P-Please listen to us. Stop it. What if my husband see us? What? He is a moron. He'd not understand anything. Suman, prepare tea for me. Come in. We want to ask you something. Go on. Are you aware of Shagun and Angad's relations? We believe they are in a way responsible for the murder of your husband. Angad sold the car in which your husband had left and kept the money with him. Your daughter is also a part of this. I never expected Shagun to stoop so low. We cared for her so much. She had an affair with that mechanic. I somehow persuaded her to leave him. I got her married to a nice boy like Priyam. He showers fatherly love on her daughter. He loves Saloni more than her mother does. Shagun didn't love her husband even after marrying him. I have heard people committing suicide for things like these. But she killed her father instead. I hate her! Aunt, you need not worry. I'm sure, Shagun is innocent. Get a grip. I don't care if they betray you. But I will never betray you. I've been a responsible person throughout and always will be. We will take your leave now. Sure. While dealing with an aspect of this case it often complicated the others. We doubted Simran for hiding information. We were keeping an eye on her. Rishi was at large. We faced new difficulties upon getting to know about Angad and Shagun's affair. Both of them had motive to kill Kailash. Our doubt on them deepened on knowing Angad's involvement in Kailash's car deal. While I was dealing with it, something crossed my mind.. Sir, I don't get it. One hand, Rishi has gone missing. Maybe he is at large after committing murder. But on the other hand, Shagun isn't telling us anything. Shagun and Angad are our prime suspects. What if none of them has committed the murder? What if the murderer is someone else? The one who framed Kailash in that case is he the culprit? Madan have you heard of Odd Man Out theory? Of course, sir. Priyam is Shagun's husband. They were married for 6 years. Though they share the same roof they don't behave like a married couple. But he still loved her daughter Saloni very much. His in-laws respect him. He was Kailash's junior in office. How can a person be so decent? Is there a motive behind this? Find out more about Priyam. Pull out his records. I need his details. Sir. Mr. Priyam is a diligent worker. He minds his own business. Ms. Urmila was fond of Priyam. Priyam, have lunch with us. I have prepared 'Gajar Ka Halwa'. Great! That's great. Not for you though. You carry on with your restricted diet. It's for Priyam. - I see. Let me know if you want something else from me. I will prepare it for you. Thank you. Upon Ms. Urmila's insistence Mr. Kailash got his daughter married to Priyam. He was an orphan. So, they stayed together. But I heard his daughter, Shagun, is not a good lady. Sir, Priyam is clean. Even his colleagues are fond of him. I have an important news. Kailash's brother, Prajapati, had an issue with him. Regarding what? - Property dispute. Let me show you. Their father distributed equal property to both of them before departing. Kailash's property lies in Jaipur Outer Ring Road. Prajapati received a farmland. Here lies the highway that's being built by Kailash's property. That's why his property rate went much higher than Prajapati's. That suggests the valuation has differed a lot. Exactly, sir. And yes. Based on your advice, I pulled out the call records of each and every family member. Prajapati was in touch with a contract killer all this while. What? - Yes. Summon the contract killer. - Sure, sir. Does the headline mentions about your death? Hey! Scoundrel! What did you talk to Prajapati about? Speak up.. Sir, he asked me to kill his brother. Summon him. - Sir. Why did you get your brother killed? Speak up. - What rubbish! I'm a decent guy.. Oh, really? I know what you are. We have arrested the one who you had contacted to get your brother killed. Want to see him? Look at him carefully. Tell me why you got him killed. But I didn't kill Kailash, sir. What rubbish! Are you kidding me? Yes, sir. I didn't kill Kailash. When I learnt, he left his house I lied about his death to get the payment. But he didn't pay me. When he later learnt about Kailash's death he paid me. He believed, I did his job. But I lied to him then. Are you lying to us now? Tell me the truth. Trust me, sir. Trust me, sir. I didn't kill him. Beat him up! Sir, you asked me to find the details of Kailash's colleagues. Everyone seems to be taking bribe. But the bigger fish seems to be the Superintendent. His wife witnessed a credit of eight lakh in her account. Did she win a jackpot? Fine. Put Mahinder to use. Sure, sir. Yes, tell me. My manager told me, you want to meet me. Sharma is just another person. You are the most important person. How can I help you? Sir, they have floated a tender to make a road in Vaishali Nagar. Why don't you give it to me? Why don't you apply for it like others? The lowest bidder bags the tender. I won't beat around the bush. It's all in your hands. What is this? Sweets for you. Close it.. Get lost! Sir.. - Get lost! Get lost! Pal, are you here for the first time? When you go to a shrine the priest takes the offering and places it before deity and not you. The priest does it. - I am the priest here. Let me take the offering to the deity. Listen up. Fill up the form. It will be done. All right? Sir, it is done. Yes? - Search warrant. We are here to search your office. But what have I done? - Please do not interfere. Be seated. Sir. So a box of sweets. It is just.. Mahinder works for us. We have the serial numbers noted for these bills. You will come with us. Sir, but.. So you were the corrupt man that Mr. Kailash was searching? Yes, sir. A year ago.. I was transferred here. After I met Kailash I knew he was hard to budge. So you framed him. - Yes, sir. Any tender that passed had to go to Kailash first and then after checking he gave it to me. And I would simply sign. The peon tricked him in signing a lot of tender files and I passed them all by taking a bribe. During this time, Kailash stopped the payment of a man. Sir, why do you hold my payment? You passed my tender, right? We checked the quotation you gave us and we saw your company profile. As per that you do not get the tender. We have to proceed with scrutiny. I have borrowed money and paid the labour. I need my cheque. This is your file. I saw it all. By seeing it, you do not seem able to complete the tender. I cannot say that you might get the tender. You there! Officer! You hold my payment? I will take my money! Do you get that? Leave it be! - Leave him! You dare cheat me? You take bribes and then cheat us! I need my money! Got that? I will have it! That man made quite a scene! I got a chance to have an enquiry against Kailash and have him suspended. Kailash did not budge. He wanted to find out who was behind this. And he did find out. Yes, sir. Deal is done. You get the tender. Sure, sir. So you both are working together. Kailash, it is not like that. You are mistaken. I understood it all, sir. Listen to me. Forget all you saw here. Not a word to anyone. And get back to your work. - I will not scared. I will tell everyone. Kailash, you cannot do that. I'll lose my job and I'll be sent to jail. You should have thought it before. He is not going to listen. Get him! So that man killed Kailash. No, sir. He ran away that day. - You are lying. And I need the names and addresses. Yes, sir. Sorcerer, help me. You asked for money and I stole it from you. What else do you need? Blood. Only blood can pay for blood. Do you have blood to spare? How did all of it happen? - He killed himself. Suicide? - Yes. - Why? Here is the suicide note. 'I hate myself! I killed the man' 'that embraced me.' 'I had killed Mr. Kailash.' 'I cannot live with this guilt' 'and hence I am ending my life.' I do not think this is a suicide. He would have fallen on his face had he jumped and not on his back. Who has his phone? - Saloni has it. Give me the phone, please. Good girl. Now go inside. Sir. What happened with him? - A fight? Why do you question my wife? Since Priam had an affair with your wife. And here are the texts that they sent to each other. Take a look. Hold on! - You must have been furious. It is possible that you knew of their affair and then you pushed Priam.. Had I known of the affair, I would have killed them both! What are you saying? It was a suicide. The note said it. Anyone can place a fake note. The handwriting expert will prove it. Anyway.. Send the body for post mortem. - Sir. We need a dummy test. - Sir. This is how he falls by himself. this is when he was pushed. - Do you see that? Sir, it is clear that Priam did not commit suicide. So how can there be a signature on the note? It is possible that Priam was connected to the murder of Kailash. But sir, we already checked. Priam was clean. Check again. All details. Not just Priam but everyone that he was linked with. Keep an eye on family. - Sir. Follow her. - Yes, sir. Do not be afraid. Come with me. Here, take this. Burn him. He will be free of this realm and you will be free of the ghost. Get him! Catch him! Take this! Take her. Sir, I didn't do anything. Take him inside. We need to question the girl. Go. - Okay, sir. Simran, whose dead body was that? Was it Rishi's? Why did you kill him? Did dad come here? He is not to be seen anywhere. He is in my bedroom. Come. Dad.. Dad.. Dad! Dad! - He isn't here. But I am with you. What prank is this? - No, it's not. You know how much I like you. Stop your nonsense! Didn't you feel ashamed! You are my cousin. I don't want to marry you. Just give me some time. Leave me.. - Just give me some time. Rishi.. - Try to understand. It will take just some time. Rishi, please leave me. - Just for some time, dear. Rishi, leave me.. - Come on.. Rishi, leave me. - Come. - Rishi! Leave her! Rishi.. I killed my son. Simran, it was an accident. I didn't do it willingly. We must dump this dead body. Don't tell this to anyone. I had this feeling that the dead Rishi is behind me. Rishi died because of me. That's why I went to that sorcerer and he asked me to burn the skeleton of Rishi. Forgive me, sir. Simran, Rishi didn't die because of you. But it's certainly your mistake that you didn't file a complaint in the police. Bring Rishi's father. - Yes, sir. This is good, sir. At least, I can now cry loudly for the death of my son. Bring him. - Yes, sir. Come. Sir, Priyam's postmortem report is here. There are no struggle marks on his body. But his skull got fractured since he fell from the terrace and he died due to that. - And then? The suicide note which we found is fake. It's not completely proved yet. But the contractor who ordered to dig that land from where we recovered Kailash's dead body was in touch with Priyam. I spoke to that contractor personally and I came to know that it was Priyam who got him that tender. Madan, I want all the evidence and documents. I even need the photographs again. - Yes, sir. Just imagine! It's Priyam who got the tender to fix the road where we found the dead body. And then, Priyam's daughter gets disappeared and come back again. Priyam's family comes to this police station to file the missing complaint of Saloni. And that's how we come to know about Urmila. All this can't be a mere coincidence. One more thing. Both these photographs of the child have the watermark of the same studio. Who brought these photographs? - Saloni's mother, Shagun. Here it is. Find out about this from the studio once. - Yes, sir. So you helped Priyam in killing Mr. Kailash. These is the photograph which you submitted in the police station to file Saloni's missing complaint. And here's the photograph which we found from the locket of Mr. Kailash. We did an enquiry in the studio. Interestingly, this photograph was clicked just a week before you filed the complaint. Whereas, Mr. Kailash died two months ago. So how come it was in Mr. Kailash's locket? I don't know since when I started liking Priyam. I liked him so much that I could have done anything to keep him with me. I could have gone to any extent. That's why I got him married to my daughter. But Kailash came to know about us. And the way he walked out of the house that day I understood that he will surely do something wrong. Hello, Mr. Sham! Look, I want to sell that land. Let's meet at 8 p.m. tonight. Mister, I called up to inform that he can't make it today. He has fallen sick all of a sudden. He wanted to sell his land and I didn't want that. You have come to know everything about us, right? Then why are you hiding it? What can I say about this? You don't even deserve my suspicion. Get this straight. I will sell this land and give half of the money to Prajapati and I will give the rest of the money and all my properties to Simran, Shagun and Saloni. You aren't getting even a penny from my property. Who is asking you for a penny, Father-in-law? We want everything. Why did you dig out his body again? What happened? I won't get Kailash's money until it's proved that he's dead. Because I'm only a nominee and not a joint account holder. I have an idea. And why did you kill Priyam? Do you love me? Certainly. How much? This much. You are the biggest liar. What do you mean? I can give my life for you. Really? I liked Priyam. But even he betrayed me. It's you who betrayed your husband, daughter and the honour of being a woman.

Narrator: FROM SUN SIGNS TO RETROGRADES, WE TAKE YOU INTO THE WORLD OF ASTROLOGY AND SHED LIGHT ON WHAT THE STARS HAVE IN STORE FOR YOU. THIS IS "STARGAZING." ♪♪ CHANCES ARE IF YOU'RE APPROACHING THE AGE OF 30 YOU'VE GOT A LOT GOING ON. MAYBE YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT MARRIAGE, A CAREER CHANGE, OR WHY IT SUDDENLY FEELS LIKE YOU'VE GOT A TON OF NEW RESPONSIBILITIES. WELL, I'M HAPPY TO TELL YOU THERE'S A REASON. IT'S ALL BECAUSE OF SATURN RETURN, BABY. WE'RE GONNA BE BREAKING DOWN THE DIFFERENT WAYS YOU CAN SURVIVE THESE ROCKY TIMES, AND IF YOU'RE PAST THE AGE OF 30, MAYBE THIS WILL HELP EXPLAIN WHAT THE HECK HAPPENED. LET'S GET STARTED. ♪♪ Narrator: A RETURN IS WHEN A PLANET FINISHES ITS ORBIT AND LITERALLY RETURNS TO THE EXACT LOCATION IT WAS WHEN YOU WERE BORN. FOR SATURN, THIS TAKES ROUGHLY 29 YEARS. SATURN IS THE TEACHER PLANET, SO EXPECT SOME SERIOUS OBSTACLES AND CHANGES. THIS IS A TIME FOR GROWTH AND FACING CHALLENGES HEAD-ON. SOME PEOPLE CALL IT A QUARTER-LIFE CRISIS, BUT WE ALL KNOW IT AS SATURN RETURN. ♪♪ I'M JESSICA LANYADOO. I'M AN ASTROLOGER, PSYCHIC MEDIUM, HOROSCOPE WRITER, AND PODCASTER. MEETING WITH PEOPLE FOR ONE-ON-ONE READINGS IS MY ABSOLUTE FAVORITE THING TO DO. ♪♪ YAY! HELLO. HI. I AM A SUPER FAN OF JESSICA. I HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING HER AND USING HER ASTROLOGY AS TOOLS. IS THERE ANYTHING SPECIFIC OR GENERAL THAT YOU WANT ME TO TALK ABOUT? MY CAREER... MM-HMM. ...AND MY LOVE LIFE. AND WHAT DO YOU DO FOR A CAREER? I DO RESEARCH RIGHT NOW, BUT I'M INTERVIEWING FOR AN MD-PhD PROGRAM. THE THING ABOUT YOU AND CAREER, YOU LOVE TO OBSESS ON IT, YOU LOVE TO FOCUS ON IT, YOU LOVE TO PRIORITIZE IT, AND THAT'S WHY YOU DON'T NEED MY HELP ON IT, BECAUSE YOU'RE REALLY GOOD AT IT. YOU WORK SO HARD, AND THAT'S BECAUSE YOU DO HAVE FOUR PLANETS IN CAPRICORN AT THE BOTTOM OF YOUR CHART AND YOU HAVE THIS BEAUTIFUL JUPITER CONJUNCTION TO YOUR MIDHEAVEN. AND SO WHAT I THINK YOU NEED A READING ABOUT... -OKAY. -...IS YOUR TENDENCY TO GIVE UP ON YOUR PERSONAL LIFE IN FAVOR FOR YOUR CONSCIOUS OBJECTIVES. YOU ARE IN A PHASE OF YOUR SATURN RETURN. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? THE SATURN RETURN IS A TRANSIT THAT HAPPENS TO EVERYONE AT AROUND YOUR AGE. IT'S THE CLOSURE OF YOUR CHILDHOOD, AND IT'S THE OPENING OF YOUR ADULTHOOD -- WHEN YOU ESTABLISH FOR YOURSELF BUT ALSO IN THE WORLD WHO YOU CHOOSE TO BE. -YEAH. MOST PEOPLE HAVE A VERY DIFFICULT TIME DURING THE SATURN RETURN. WHEN I LOOK AT YOUR CHART, I SEE A REAL TENSION INSIDE OF YOU. IN YOUR FANTASY, YOU'RE THE GIRL WHO PRIORITIZES MAN AND CHILD. AND IN REALITY, WHEN YOU PRIORITIZE MEN OVER YOURSELF, YOU FEEL CRAZY, YOU FEEL UNHAPPY, AND ULTIMATELY IT LEADS TO RESENTMENTS. IT'S NOT WHO YOU ARE. ARE YOU IN A RELATIONSHIP? NO. THE RELATIONSHIPS I HAD WERE EXACTLY WHAT YOU JUST DESCRIBED, THAT I WAS PLAYING THIS ROLE THAT I THOUGHT I WANTED AND THEN AFTER AWHILE I REALIZED "WHO EVEN ARE YOU?" YOU KIND OF PUT OFF LOVE BECAUSE YOUR FANTASY OF WHAT YOU THINK YOU SHOULD WANT AND THEN WHAT ACTUALLY WORKS FOR YOU ARE DIFFERENT. THIS HAS BEEN KIND OF PLAGUING YOU THIS YEAR. YEAH. -YEAH. YOU'RE VERY STRONG, AND TONING YOURSELF DOWN FOR MEN, IT DOESN'T WORK. IT'S LIKE THIS SELF-SABOTAGING CYCLE WHERE I'M LIKE, "WELL, HE'S NOT WHO I WOULD WANT TO BE WITH ANYWAY, SO I'M NOT GONNA BE VULNERABLE." WERE YOU RAISED WITH YOUR DAD AROUND? NOT MY BIOLOGICAL FATHER, BUT MY FATHER. YOUR BIOLOGICAL FATHER, DID YOU MEET HIM? DID YOU KNOW HIM? LIKE, THREE OR FOUR TIMES. THERE'S A LOT GOING ON IN THAT. YOUR MOM WAS WITH YOUR DAD, EH? MARRIED? NO. NO, NOT MARRIED, BUT THEY WERE IN A RELATIONSHIP WHEN THEY HAD YOU. -THAT WAS THE LOVE OF HER LIFE. -YES. WHEN I LOOK AT A BIRTH CHART, WHAT I CAN SEE IS NOT JUST YOUR NATURE BUT THE CONDITIONS THAT YOU COME FROM -- YOUR PARENTS, YOUR HEREDITY. AND YOUR SATURN RETURN HAS EVERYTHING TO DO WITH WHAT I'M ABOUT TO SAY. YOUR MOM EXPERIENCED SUCH A PROFOUND LOSS IN YOUR FATHER. IT WAS LIKE A CONFIRMATION OF HER GREATEST FEARS -- THAT SHE WASN'T LOVABLE, THAT SHE WASN'T SAFE, AND THAT THINGS WEREN'T GONNA BE OKAY. FOR HER, THE LOSS OF YOUR DAD WAS REALLY ROUGH. WHAT THAT TAUGHT YOU ON A REALLY DEEP, KIND OF LIKE A CELLULAR LEVEL IS THAT YOU CANNOT RELY ON MEN, THAT THEY WILL LEAVE YOU IN THE MOMENT WHEN YOU NEED THEM THE MOST, AND THAT YOU HAVE TO ALWAYS TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF. THAT EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL EXPERIENCE AND THAT DEEPLY HELD BELIEF IS, AT CORE, WHAT YOUR SATURN RETURN IS ABOUT AND WHAT YOU'VE BEEN DEALING WITH THIS PAST YEAR. THIS IS A TIME IN YOUR LIFE WHERE YOU GET TO CHANGE THIS. I WOULD SAY SPEND TIME WITH THE GUYS WHO MAKE YOU NERVOUS. LET THEM IN, YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN? SEE WHAT HAPPENS. YOU NEED A MAN WITH INTEGRITY. RIGHT NOW, YOU HAVE REALLY BIG FISH TO FRY WITH YOUR CAREER. I SAY DO IT, BUT DO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL AND SPIRITUAL WORK. HAVE REVISION AROUND WHAT YOU ACTUALLY WANT FOR YOUR LIFE, AND THEN THE GUYS THAT YOU'RE ATTRACTED TO WILL CHANGE. AND THEN YOUR OUTCOMES WILL CHANGE. MY MIND IS SPINNING. I DIDN'T THINK SHE WOULD SAY THE THINGS THAT SHE SAID. IT WAS JUST VERY REAL. I WAS EXPECTING TO ASK QUESTIONS AND THEN THAT'S HOW SHE WAS GONNA DIG IN, BUT SHE SAID IT HERSELF AND JUST SHOCKED ME. I'M STILL PROCESSING ALL OF IT. I WANT A HUG AGAIN. ♪♪ ♪♪ ONE THING THAT I REMEMBER MOST ABOUT MY SATURN RETURN WAS GETTING A PROMOTION. IT FELT REALLY GOOD BECAUSE I FELT LIKE I WAS ACTUALLY MAKING THE KIND OF MONEY THAT I WAS SUPPOSED TO BE MAKING. I HAD A LEVEL-UP IN TERMS OF MY CAREER, AND I REALLY FELT LIKE I WAS COMING INTO MY OWN. TYPICALLY, WHEN IT COMES TO SATURN RETURN, THAT'S USUALLY THE FEELING AFTER YOU'VE ALREADY KIND OF GONE THROUGH THE WHOLE PANIC. YOU TEND TO FEEL A LOT MORE EMPOWERED AND A LOT MORE IN CHARGE. ♪♪ ♪♪ IF YOU ARE ANYWHERE BETWEEN 26 AND 28 YEARS OLD AND YOU'RE APPROACHING YOUR FIRST SATURN RETURN, THERE'S A NUMBER OF THINGS TO PAY ATTENTION TO. ONE, ARE YOU LIVING AUTHENTICALLY? BECAUSE DURING YOUR SATURN RETURN, THE WAYS IN WHICH YOU LIVE THAT ARE INAUTHENTIC TO WHO YOU TRULY ARE BECOME REALLY PAINFUL. TWO, ARE YOU WILLING TO CHANGE? IF YOU'RE NOT WILLING TO CHANGE, IF YOU'RE NOT WILLING TO OUTGROW THINGS, THEN YOU'RE GONNA FEEL STUCK, AND THAT'S WHERE THE DEPRESSIVE SIDE OF SATURN COMES THROUGH. AND THREE, ARE YOU WILLING TO LIVE IN A WAY THAT IS TRUE TO WHO YOU WANT TO BECOME, NOT JUST WHO YOU'VE BEEN? IF YOU'RE WILLING TO DO THESE THREE THINGS, IT'S NOT THAT YOU'RE GONNA FEEL FANTASTIC -- IT'S THAT YOU'RE GONNA BE ABLE TO MAKE USE OF THIS PERIOD AND CREATE THE FOUNDATION TO YOUR ADULTHOOD THAT WILL FEEL FANTASTIC. NOT SURE WHAT'S IN THE STARS FOR YOU? ASK YOUR QUESTIONS IN THE COMMENTS BELOW AND WE JUST MIGHT GET BACK TO YOU. ♪♪ ♪♪ Woman: HI, LAUREN. DO YOU THINK YOU COULD HELP ME FIND SOME CRYSTALS TODAY? YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. WHAT CRYSTAL WOULD YOU GIVE TO A WATER SIGN APPROACHING THEIR SATURN RETURN? ♪♪ I HAVE BROUGHT FOR YOU SOME AQUAMARINE. I BELIEVE THAT DURING A SATURN RETURN, FIRST TIME OR SECOND TIME, YOU'RE ALWAYS GONNA GO THROUGH A LOT OF AN EMOTIONAL TRAUMA DURING THIS TIME. WATER SIGNS IN PARTICULAR CAN STRUGGLE WITH THIS ASPECT, SO AQUAMARINE IS REALLY GOOD FOR SOOTHING THE EMOTIONAL BODY. WHAT WOULD YOU RECOMMEND FOR AN ARIES WOMAN GOING THROUGH HER SECOND SATURN RETURN? HMM...SECOND TIME AROUND IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT. ♪♪ I BROUGHT YOU IRON PYRITE, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS FOOL'S GOLD. THE SECOND TIME AROUND FOR A SATURN RETURN, AS OPPOSED TO THE FIRST TIME WHERE IT WAS SO NEW AND A LITTLE BIT SCARY, YOU REALLY JUST HAVE TO FOCUS ON GROUNDING YOURSELF, THE SECOND TIME AROUND IS MORE ABOUT DEVELOPING A SENSE OF SELF-CONFIDENCE. ESPECIALLY FOR A FIRE SIGN, PYRITE -- ANY FIRE ELEMENT CRYSTAL WILL DO THE JOB, BUT PYRITE, I BELIEVE, WILL DO THE BEST. WHAT CRYSTAL WOULD YOU RECOMMEND FOR A CAPRICORN WHO'S HAVING A TOUGH TIME WITH HER SATURN RETURN? HMM...CAPRICORN IS RULED BY SATURN. ♪♪ SO, I FOUND SMOKY QUARTZ FOR YOU. I BELIEVE SMOKY QUARTZ IS A REALLY GREAT STONE FOR ANY CAPRICORN GOING THROUGH A STRUGGLING TIME DURING THEIR SATURN RETURN. SMOKY QUARTZ IS A STONE THAT HELPS GROUND THE PERSON BUT ALSO DRAWS NEGATIVITY OUT OF THE BODY. -AWESOME. THANK YOU SO MUCH. -YEAH, OF COURSE. SO, HOPEFULLY NOW YOU'VE GOT A BETTER GRASP OF WHAT A SATURN RETURN IS AND WHY IT CAN BE SUCH A TOUGH TIME IN OUR LIVES. NOW THAT YOU KNOW ALL ABOUT IT, YOU SHOULD BE READY TO GRAB THE BULL BY THE HORNS AND SAY, "BRING IT ON." ♪♪

TrollsNews today RIP Bill Nye Youtube tags are gone Obama reddit conspiracy Good evening and welcome to another episode of TrollsNews, show that brings you all the important information about trolls or just a random drama on the internet. The first report of today was brought to you by supersonicultra and it is about the trolling around Bill Nye - The science guy - yes, that's him. On 27th august 2012 group of people on twitter started tweeting "RIP Bill Nye", of course since average twitter user is not able to fact check, many people were lead to believe that Bill Nye actually died and this became one of twitter's trending topic. Soon after facebook pages started to appear, they were usually named RIP Bill Nye and the biggest of those has over quater of a million likes. Some people were speculating that source of this fake death rumor was a group of creationists who didn't like that Bill Nye was talking against creationism in a video uploaded to bigthink channel. Which is somehow possible from the beginning but it is very likely that this trolling was soon taken over by other trolls who didn't care about the video and they just want to have fun confusing people. At this point you can still find people posting posts on facebook, tweeting and arguing that Bill Nye is alive, although that no one argues against it, we can consider this trolling to be quite successful then. The next report is about the fact that YouTube decided remove tags from player pages, meta-tags are still in the video but users can't see them. Obviously YouTube is trying to fight the fact that many youtube users have a tendency to copy tags from successful videos to get splashes of the video success. This way users won't be able to do that anymore, but maybe it opens a door to another problem, now users can't see if someone is false tagging a video and unless youtube has some clever algorythm to check for tags, we'll end up with every video being tagged "hot lesbian kissing". Spongethrob reported the last thing of today and it's about Obama doing his ask me anything on Reddit. Of course since we're talking here about reddit it couldn't be without retarded conspiracy. People were speculating that one of the questions could have been planted there by Obama's administration. The proof of that was that the account was only few minutes old and it was posted really quick. Ok, if I was the one who would want to ask Obama a question, I would first write it somewhere, then I would create a reddit account, since I don't have one, and then I would ask the damn question. And it would look exactly like this, why does it have to be a conspiracy all the fucking time? That's all for this evening, stay tuned for more TrollsNews, please subscribe like and comment this video and please message me if you see a troll worth reporting or interesting youtube drama. My name is Vol Jang and that is Steve, stay safe under the youtube bridge.

(Muzika) Šta imaju zajedničko - knjiga Tomasa Pinčona o II svetskom ratu, knjiga francuskog filozofa Žaka Deride i i kuća Vana Venturi? Ne mnogo čega, što sa razlogom mislite. Ali jedna stvar im je svakako zajednička, a to je što se svi vide kao glavni primeri post-moderne. Iz ovog možemo odmah da zaključimo da će biti teško definisati postmodernu, ali mi možemo sagledati takođe neke teme koje su zajedničke mnogobrojnim idejama ljudi o postmodernizmu. U arhitekturi na primer postmodernizam se povezuje sa mešanjem različitih stilova u jednu građevinu, na taj način da se oni sudaraju jedan sa drugim. U književnosti je povezan sa knjigama koje se oslanjaju na paradoks fragmentacije i nepouzdano pripovedanje. U filozofiji je povezan sa idejom da ne postoji objektivni opis realnosti i i da umesto toga postoji mnogo različitih perspektiva na svet, koje su sve u izvesnom smislu istinite. U svakoj od ovih instanci postmodernizam naglašava jedinstvo u raznolikosti stvari koje se ne uklapaju. On se suprotstavlja ideji da je svet dobro uređen jednostavan sistem. U ovom kursu ćemo se fokusirati na postmodernizam u filozofiji koji postaje značajan od 60-tih na ovamo i još uvek je uticajan na način na koji mislimo. Posebno u humanističkim naukama. Za svrhu ovog kursa želim da okarakterišem postmodernizam u smislu dva napada. Prvi napad je na ono što ću nazvati temeljima a drugi napad na tezu da je istina jedna. Da postoji samo jedan jedini način istinit način da se opiše svet. Sada, umesto da odmah krenemo do postmodernih filozofa, želeo bih početi detaljnim govorom o njihovom najpoznatijem i najvažnijem preteči - filozofu kasnog 19. veka koji je već izneo mnoge postmoderne teze i koji je uticao verovantno na svakog postmodernog filozofa 20. i 21. veka. Taj filozof je nemački mislilac Fridrih Niče. Ono što nameravam da uradim jeste da uđem u trag ovim dvama napadima koje postomodernisti izvršavaju, kako na temelje, tako i na postojanje samo jedne istine vraćajući se Ničeovoj misli. U ovoj lekciji sagledaćemo napad na temelje. Šta su u stvari temelji? Evo jednog primera. Ja na primer iznosim jedan moralni sud da je loše ubijati ljude. Vi me zatim pitate: Kako to znam? I moj odgovor je - samo zapitajte svoju savest. Vaša savest će vam reći da je pogrešno ubijati ljude Za sada je to dobro. Ali ako ste filozof poći ćete jedan korak dalje i vi ćete pitati mene - kako znaš da je tvoja savest u pravu? Ja ću reći - ukoliko stvarno zapitate savest znaćete da je to uvek ispravno. Svaki normalan čovek će naći istu istinu u svojoj savesti i on će jednostavno znati da je njegova savest u pravu. Sada u ovom primeru ja predstavljam savest kao temelj morala. Ona je temelj iz dva razloga. Prvi - ona opravdava moje moralne sudove. Ukoliko se se pitate da li je zaista loše ubiti čoveka ja vam nudim savest kao dokaz. I drugi - savest sama ne treba nikakvo opravdanje. U skladu sa mojom teorijom kada upitate svoju savest, vi ćete jednostavno znati da je nešto ispravno. Prema tome, Temelj je nešto što opravdava neke od vaših tvdrnji, ali nema potrebu za opravdanjem samog sebe. Na isti način i temelji kuće drže ostatak kuće, ali nema potrebe za dodatnim utemeljenjem samih temelja. Savest, je naravno samo jedan primer. Jedan uticajan temelj morala bio je Bog. Ljudi tvrde da ukoliko ozbiljno tragate za Bogom, nećete pronaći samo njega, već će vam to takođe doneti moralnu izvesnost. Važni temelj znanja o svetu je naučni metod gde mi kažemo da treba verovati nečemu zato što vam nauka kaže tako i dodajemo - da svako ko može misliti jasno će biti u stanju da sagleda naučni metod jednostavno kao najbolji način istraživanja sveta. I tako dalje. Mnoge različite stvari se mogu ponuditi kao temelji drugih stvari Ali ono što je zajedničko svim ovim pokušajima je to se trude da zasnuju izvesne tvrdnje na nečem drugom što je apsolutno izvesno, nepokolebljivo i isto za sve. To je nešto sa čim bi svi ili skoro svi u svojim ispravnim razmišljanjima trebalo da se slože. Sada, Niče, Niče veruje da svaki pokušaj da se postavi temelj jeste osuđen na propast. I da svako ko veruje u to da je pronašao temelj samo obmanjuje sebe. Temelj može izgedati samo očigledan, ističe Niče. Možda bi moglo biti neshvatljivo za nas da neko može misliti drugačije. Možda jednostavno ne mogu zamisliti da neko ne može naći u njegovoj svesti princip po kome je pogrešno ubijati ljude. Ali šta to dokazuje? - pita se Niče. Sigurno, to ne dokazuje ništa više od toga nego da je moja imaginacija prilično ograničena. Moje osećanje izvesnosti ni na koji način ne dokazuje da sam ja u pravu. Niče se obrušava na temelje koje su ljudi izmislili na sve načine. Ali jedan je posebno važan. Njegova genealogija, Ničeova genealogija je istraživanje porekla naših vrednosti. Istraživanje, koje u Ničeovim rukama nedvosmisleno pokazuje da su ove vrednosti rezultat slučaja koji nije zaista vredan našeg poštovanja. Uzmite savest. Neko ko veruje da je naša savest moralni vodič može verovati da je to poseban osećaj za moralnost ili da je to božanska iskra ili dar Božji. Ali ovo je pravo poreklo savesti. Sigmund Frojd, slavni psihoanalitičar dao nam je ničeansku genealogiju savesti kada nam je rekao da je savest pounutrenje zahteva koje se postavljaju pred nas od strane naših roditelja i naše zajednice. Naša savest je samo unutrašnji glas koji ponavlja ono što nam zajednica govori da nam nije dozvoljeno da ubijemo, da bi trebalo naporno raditi i tako dalje... Ali ako je to istina, ukoliko naša savest nije božanska ili u kontaktu sa pravim dobrom, već samo glas društva koji smo internalizovali zašto bismo ga onda slušali? Koristio sam primer Frojda zato što je Ničeova genealogija savesti prilično komplikovana, ali u suštini, on tvrdi da je zasnovana na želji da povredimo druge i gospodarimo nad nad njima Kada nas društvo sprečava da to činimo te želje bivaju okrenute prema unutra i i umesto da čujemo druge ljude mi gospodarimo nad nama samima kroz osećanja krivice i kroz zahteve naše savesti. Bilo da uzmemo Frojdovu priču ili Ničeovu priču efekat je u osnovi isti. Ako je to ono odakle savest potiče onda to jednostavno ne izgleda kao nešto što moramo prihvatiti nekritički. Sada, verovatno najpoznatija Ničeova genealogija je genealogija hrišćanskih vrednosti poniznosti, saosećanja i mirnoće i tako dalje. Prema Ničeu, ovaj trag nas može voditi ka dve grupe ljudi u Rimskom carstvu. Onima koji su moćni i srećni i koji su isticali vrline hrabrosti, kreativnosti, samopotvrđivanja i tako dalje i slabih i nemoćnih, siromašnih i potlačenih, koji su morali biti ponizni i mirni, jer bi inače bili pretučeni. U ovoj drugoj grupi, Niče nam kaže, ko je došao na ideju da biti ponizan i biti miroljubiv, kakvi su ionako morali biti, jer su bili slabi, jeste isto tako moralan i ispravan način življenja. I Niče nam kaže kroz manje ili više istorijskih događaja ovaj način gledanja na stvari postao je dominantan u Evropi. Imajući ove primere na umu, dopustite da se vratimo temeljima. Kroz istoriju ljudi su tražili stvari koje su toliko očigledne, samoočigledne, da svako normalno ljudsko biće bi trebalo da bude u stanju da ih vidi i da se sa njima složi. Ali Ničeov osnovni zahtev ovde je da očiglednost i samoočiglednost ni na koji način ne dokazuju da je nešto istina. Sve što oni stvarno dokazuju, on želi da kaže, da su te stvari stare. Da citiram jedan od mnogih lepih Ničeovih aforizama. On je napisao ovo: "Sve stvari koje dugo žive postepeno se prožimaju umom tako da time njihovo poreklo iz bezumlja biva neverovatno. Ne zvuči li za osećanje gotovo svaka tačna istorija nekog nastanka paradoksalno i drsko? Zar, u stvari, dobar istoričar ne protivreči stalno?" Sve što je, Niče kaže, deo naše kulture duže vreme činiće nam se logičnim i očiglednim. Nakon samo jednog veka, čini nam se da je demokratija najbolji oblik vladavine, da teško možemo verovati da ima ljudi u svetu koji ne mogu videti ovu očiglednu istinu. Nešto poput savesti, koja posle 2000 godina ili duže mora izgledati kao nešto još očitije i nepobitno. Ali Niče sugeriše, čim obavimo genealogiju, čim otkrijemo skrivene izvore vrednosti tada stvari izgledaju prilično drugačije. Savest može poticati iz pukog potčinjavanja. Demokratija, prema Ničeu potiče iz resantimana i mentaliteta stada. To poreklo, naravno, na neki način dokazuje da je ono što nam savest govori da je pogrešno, ili da je demokratija loš oblik vladavine. Loše poreklo može proizvesti dobre stvari. baš kao što "dobra materica može rađati loše sinove" (cit. Shakespeare, "Bura") Ali ono što se pokazuje prema Ničeu, jeste da ove stvari nisu temelji, jer ih je moguće kritički sagledati i imati različita mišljenja o njima. Stvarni temelji, temelji koji su toliko očigledni da se svi slažu oko njih i da zaustavljaju svaku argumentaciju, takvi temelji, prema Ničeu, jednostavno ne postoje. I to je zaključak - da se postmodernisti svim svoji srcem slažu sa njim.

Finnish: Kaikki on Perspektiiviä Horisontti Näkölinja. Pilvi pysyy vakiokorkeudella kun se siirtyy kauemmas Mutta havainnoijalle se näyttää olevan alempana Linja hänen silmistään on meilkein vaakatasossa. Toisen havainnoijan näkökulmasta saman pilven alla Näemme että linja ei ole vaakatasossa Sillä on kaltevuus alaspäin korkealta. Kun aurinko menee poispäin Se leikkaa katsojan pilvihorisontin Tämä on mitä todellisuudessa tapahtuu Russian: Все дело в перспективе Горизонт Линия взгляда Облако остается на постоянной высоте по мере удаления Но для наблюдателя оно выглядит ниже Линия взгляда проходит почти горизонтально Для второго наблюдателя под этим облаком линия взгляда не выглядит горизонтально она уходит вверх на большую высоту Солнце удаляясь Пересекает облачный горизонт наблюдателей Вот что происходит в реальности Swedish: Allt är perspektiv Horisonten Siktlinjen Molnet stannar kvar på en konstant höjd på sin väg längre bort. För den som observerar verkar det vara lägre. Siktlinjen är nästan plan. Från en annan observatör under detta moln ser man att linjen inte är i samma nivå utan den sluttar neråt från hög höjd. Medan solen färdas bort passerar den åskådarens molnhorisont. Det här är vad som faktiskt händer Finnish: Ensimmäisen havainnoijan näkökulmasta Mutta tämä on minkä hän havaitsee. Russian: Для первого наблюдателя Но вот, что он видит Swedish: från åskådarens synvinkel men det här är det han uppfattar.

Indonesian: diam kalian semua!! baik, pak.. bangs*t.. woiiiii.. hari ini kita akan menonton sebuah video yang mengharukan.. ini dia video sedihnya.. apaaaaaaa.. ayo kita mulai.. Arabic: ...اسكت كل واحد منكم ..حسنا يا سيدي !!اللعنة ...شيت اليوم سنشاهد فيديو متحرك هذا فيديو مؤثر .......ما English: shut up guys.. yes sir.. what the f**k.. holy shit.. today we will watching sad video.. here's the sad video whattt let's begin..

DELISA: The psychedelic sounds of the band MGMT have long been a sampling favorite in rap. And their vocal contributions to Kid Cudi’s “Pursuit of Happiness” remains one of music’s most memorable cross-genre collaborations. So Genius decided to take a look at MGMT’s biggest hip-hop moments. DELISA: MGMT was formed by Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser, during their freshman year at Wesleyan University. DELISA: They toured after graduation and eventually signed with Columbia Records, who saw huge single potential in songs like “Time To Pretend” and “Kids.” DELISA: In October 2007, MGMT dropped their critically acclaimed debut album ‘Oracular Spectacular’ - a trippy synth pop album that eventually went Gold. We wanted it to mean mystic bullshit in a way. That’s kind of what we thought we were making, this music that was kind of ambiguous DELISA: Philly duo Chiddy Bang was one of the first rap groups to sample MGMT. They sampled MGMT’s “Kids” on their breakout track “Opposite Of Adults.” It landed on their 2009 mixtape ‘The Swelly Express’ which fused hip-hop with indie rock like Sufjan Stevens, Passion Pit, Ratatat, and more. When I played him ‘Opposite of Adults’ that beat. He’s just like, ‘Ah, I gotta rap on that.’ I didn’t even know what MGMT was. He didn’t even know what MGMT was. DELISA: A young Mac Miller would also rap on Chiddy Bang’s version of the “Kids” beat, while interpolating MGMT’s original chorus. DELISA: But MGMT’s most famous hip-hop contribution would come in 2010 when the band sang the chorus of Kid Cudi’s anthem “Pursuit Of Happiness.” A record like "Pursuit of Happiness" was strange and it was sonically compared to all the other music out. DELISA: The electronic rock band Ratatat produced the record, and member E*vax spoke to Genius about the song’s legacy. Cudi’s become this real mythical character for people of a certain age because he was speaking frankly on his tracks in a way that nobody was used to hearing rappers speak. DELISA: Jay-Z even tried to recruit MGMT to appear on his 2009 album, ‘The Blueprint 3.' But they rejected the offer. DELISA: In 2011, Frank Ocean sampled MGMT several times on his debut mixtape ‘nostalgia, ULTRA.’ DELISA: “Soul Calibur,” titled after the video game series of the same name, is a short interlude track with sounds of changing cassette tapes. The first song Frank plays is MGMT’s “4th Dimensional Transition," DELISA: Afterward, Frank rewinds the tape to play “Kids," DELISA: Frank rewinds the tape again to “Electric Feel” which is used as the instrumental for nostalgia ULTRA’s final track, “Nature Feels” – a song about making love outdoors. MGMT, I don’t know, those guys seem chill. I heard they heard the record, and they liked it a lot. DELISA: “Electric Feel” in particular has been sampled by everyone from Jim Jones to Lloyd Banks and even the late Nipsey Hussle. DELISA: MGMT followed up their widely-popular debut album with ‘Congratulations’ in 2010. We wanted to be an album where every time you listen to it, you hear something new in it. And it’s not just all right there the first time around. DELISA: It was a departure from the synth pop sound they were famous for and had less radio-friendly singles, but that didn’t stop Kid Cudi from borrowing once again. DELISA: Also on his 2013 ‘Indicud’ album, Cudder shouts out the band on the Kendrick Lamar-assisted track “Solo Dolo Part II.” DELISA: MGMT has since continued their unique brand of ambitious psychedelic pop on 2013’s self-titled album and 2018’s ‘Little Dark Age.’ And while their more experimental sound hasn't yielded any recent samples, rappers are still tripping over their music. DELISA: I’m Delisa with Genius News bringing you the meaning and the knowledge behind the music.

But if we believe, having adjusted to capitalism, that the only way poor people, downtrodden people, people who have suffered from the colonialism of the United States (informal though it was for the last 200 years in Latin America), if we think the only way they can be lifted up is if we are pushed down, then we might be open to being told "You got to keep them out. You got to push them back." Not because we're under sympathetic to their suffering but because we don't want to join them. We don't want to be the victims of a capitalist uneven development that helps them at our expense. If you listen to the rhetoric that right-wing politicians use to mobilize people against immigrants, you will see, and you will hear uneven development as the unspoken assumption on which their right-wing activity is based. All around the world you can see that. The anxiety, born of capitalism, that if you have something and people who don't get some it'll be at your expense. You know what's interesting about that? It's that we don't think that there could be, that there should be, a way in which we can lift up the people who have been unfairly pushed down so that they catch up to us not that we are deprived of what we have. Is that possible? Of course it is

A potentially monumental breakthrough in science.. Researchers from South Korea and the U.S. say they've figured out a way to edit DNA in human embryos to remove an inherited heart disorder -- and did so without introducing harmful mutations. With more on this and other news around the world….we turn to Ro Aram… Aram… we still have to see,... but this could pave the way to prevent about ten thousand disorders being passed onto future generations. How did the scientists do it? Well Mark… Researchers at Korea's Institute for Basic Science, America's Oregon Health and Science University and the Salk Institute used a technique known as CRISPR-Cas9 to correct a genetic mutation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The heart disorder affects one in every 500 people and leads to the heart suddenly stopping and those who have the mutation have a 50:50 chance of passing it on their children. CRISPR-Cas9 works as a pair of molecular scissors that can selectively trim away unwanted parts of the genome, and replace it with new stretches of DNA. The study was published in the journal Nature, which said the genetic repair happened at the moment of conception. Defective sperm was injected into eggs from a healthy woman and CRISPR-Cas9 was used to correct the flaw. Although it didn't work all the time, the results showed that nearly two-thirds of embryos did not carry the disease after being allowed to develop for a few days in a laboratory. There have been previous attempts to use the technology in China, but results were mixed and there were a number of safety concerns, such as other parts of the genetic code becoming mutated. But safety is also a worry for the latest study and further research is needed before the experiment becomes routine practice.

(music in background) - Yo, is that Hip Hop Harry's "I Love to Learn" song? - Ah ha, that's a great guess! - Whoa! - Hey Berleezy! Good to see you. I saw that video you made about me on your easy tunes series on your YouTube channel. You made some pretty funny jokes but I think you went a little overboard. I have an episode on my Hip Hop Harry YouTube channel called Words Have Power. Maybe you should look at that. (laughing) - Hey, Ha, Harry, bro! Yo, no you got it all wrong. They were all jokes. I swear. - No, no, no. I heard it all. You said a lot of mean things about me. Roll the clip! (claps hands) - Hold on bro, I got pull up a page real quick. Is he a dog? This dude wanna be Chuck-E-Cheese so bad. Who is using that fork on the other wall? Harry? Probably couldn't even hold that properly, he about to drop it there, look. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa! (laughing) Yo, look Harry, I'm sorry, man, okay? Now look, I don't know what you're planning bringing me here and all this, but I wanna go home, okay? I'm outta here. Yo, Harry. I know you a bear and all, but I think you spilled Gorilla Glue or something on the floor, man. My feet is stuck, I can't move. - Uh, I'm not doing anything, man. This is all in your mind. You're doing it all yourself. - So now you got jokes, so now I'm Mega Mind? Look, man, you don't have to do me like that, okay Harry? I just wanna leave! - Broeezy, I'm not doing anything to you. I'm not someone that likes to hurt people's feelings. But if I've hurt your feelings, I'm sorry. Here, how 'bout this for a peace offering? A snack! - Harry, what is that? - Well, some consider it a delicacy. I like to call it brain food. This is a snack, and I'll give you a hint. It grows on trees. Man, you're gonna love this. (crunch) (spits) - Yuck! What is this, bark? - Ha ha ha, dried apples. Don't you pay attention to the episodes that you make fun of? Let's go back to the monitors! (claps hands) - What did y'all learn today, too? - I learned what dried apples are and how they're made. - This is a snack? Hmm, dried apple? What's that? Look, Harry, I'm a grown man, okay? We're talking 27 years old. You think I wanna be making fun of children shows? No, I don't, okay? My subscribers, they ask me to do this. I wasn't trying to hurt you. Just like I wasn't trying to be here, all right? So, what do you want from me? I just wanna go home! - Berleezy, relax. This is a learning moment. It will all be okay. You had a lot to say about my dance moves and my rhymes. The only way to make this right is for us to finish the discussion in rhyme. (crowd cheering) (crickets chirping) (crowd cheering) (rhythmic music playing) ♪ This yo boy, Berleezy, from Easy Tunes ♪ ♪ When I'm on the mic, you can't see me, dude. ♪ ♪ Now you got me rappin' all on this beat, ♪ ♪ I just wanna go home and get some sleep. ♪ ♪ Not bad, Berleezy, but it's not that easy, ♪ ♪ I saw the video, you were talkin' greezy ♪ ♪ I educate the mind of young queens and kings, ♪ ♪ I saw the video, you said some hurtful things. ♪ ♪ Come on, Hip Hop Harry, that was just a joke, bruh, ♪ ♪ I was having fun, I don't want no smoke, bruh, ♪ ♪ I was trying to entertain all my fans, ♪ ♪ But being hurtful was never part of the plan. ♪ ♪ Well jokes are fun and everyone loves to laugh, ♪ ♪ But if you think about it, that's just the half. ♪ ♪ The sentiment was sweet, but the words were sour. ♪ ♪ Be careful what you say because words have power! ♪ - Whoa, yo Harry, where did that just come from? I did not know I could rap like that. - You don't know what you have in you until you give it a try. - Hey, Harry, you got that. You got that. Oh, look at the time. Harry, it's been so nice talking to you, but I'm gonna go ahead and go to sleep now, all right? You be safe. Yo, Harry, do you never mop in here? - Not so fast. You had something slick to say about my dancing, too. So, it's time for us to do the Hip Hop Harry dance circle. Are you ready? (crowd cheering) Aw yeah! (fast beat music) (beep) Who's next? (fast beat music) Who's next? (fast beat music) (beep) Who's next? ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ Who's next? (fast beat music) Who's next? (fast beat music) Who's next? - Yo, I would never attempt that. Those are not my moves at all, Harry's cheating! - Whoa, whoa, face it Berleezy, it may be easy to sit in your chair and make jokes about people, but when it's time to do something in the real world, that's a little bit harder, huh? - I'm doomed. I mean, you covered all the bases. You got swag. - Yeah. - You got moves. - Uh huh. - You even have jewelry, is that custom? - Jacob. - What am I supposed to do? How is a human supposed to stop a giant grizzly bear with rhythm? - Good point. - Why not call on a friend? - Roachie? I'm sorry. - Don't sweat it, okay. What happened between you and I, it's in the past. But just wait right here. (slow beat music) - Whoa, who are you? - Who am I? I'm a roach. But my pals, they call me roachie. I'm like Berleezy's conscious, an alter ego, and body guard, all in one. Everything good and handsome about him, you're looking at it. - Oh, so you're like his angel. Well, nice to meet you, Roachie. I'm glad Berleezy brought in some back up. Things are always funner when you do it with your friends! - Yeah, I came on behalf of Berleezy, but look, animal to animal, I understand why you're upset. I mean, you stay out the way, you don't bother nobody, shoot, you just a bear trying to get some honey. Just like the rest of us. - Yeah, but he had no business making fun of me, though. - And I get that. But man, take a look around. Humans, they been messing up for the longest. Trust me, my people have seen it all. - Look, I'm trying to help these kids become better. And I'm just trying to make the planet a better place. I was hoping Berleezy would realize that and try and help me, but instead he just wanted to make jokes. Maybe if he watched my show, he'd be more compassionate. - He's got his flaws. But he's got a good heart. I defend him because he's my friend. I would do the same for you if you were my boy, too. Believe it or not, he's trying to do the same thing you are. And yeah, he might have two left feet, I did see that. But I'd rather that than two lanky tree trunks for arms. - Okay, I see you're trying to hurt my feelings, too. Just like Berleezy. - With that blue hat on, you look like a yellow fire hydrant. And your arms are the hoses. - Ha ha ha ha, good one. Hey, speaking of arms, I think it's so cool how you have six arms, wow. - It doesn't feel good being mean to you, Harry. Look, I'm sorry for insulting you. I guess words really do have power. What am I saying? Look, Harry, I didn't come here to fight you, man. I just came to back up my boy, Berleezy. - Thank you Roachie, but I can handle my own problems, all right? - Nah, you can't. - Yes, I can. - Nah, you can't. - You're right. - Mister Harry, sir, you mind putting that fire beat back on? I'd like to finish this in rhyme. - Yeah, you know rhyming is what I love to do! - Let's get it! (crowd cheering) - Let's go! (fast beat music) - Ahh, yeah! ♪ I can crawl on the floor, ♪ ♪ Walls and more ♪ ♪ I've been around ever since dinosaurs ♪ ♪ Well I'd like to say that rhyme was great ♪ ♪ And when it's time to play, I don't hibernate ♪ ♪ It's Roachie, baby, please don't raid me ♪ ♪ A nuclear bomb can't even phase me ♪ ♪ From hip hop central to the great outdoors, ♪ ♪ I consider everywhere one big dance floor ♪ ♪ Roaches roll deep, my crew is enormous, ♪ ♪ If you see one, there's a whole bunch more of us ♪ ♪ Ever since a cub, I would rhyme and flow ♪ ♪ My mind's like a diamond, I shine and glow ♪ ♪ I like this song, I came to right the wrong, ♪ ♪ Just Harry fall scary when the lights come on. ♪ ♪ Yeah, I got you Roachie, that was the best ♪ ♪ It's Hip Hop Harry in the house, who's next? ♪ - Whoo, oh my gosh, ain't no way, y'all just killed this, lyrics for days. - You know, you've got some skills, Roachie. I'm impressed. It seems like you care a lot about this human being. It reminds me of how much I care about my friends. - Man, human, bug, bear, that don't matter to me. If you're good on the inside, that's what matters. Love is love, man. - And it's our job to spread it. You know, you're pretty cool, Roachie. - All right look, this is sweet and all, but this is still my dream, okay? I need to see both of y'all in the dance circle right now. - Why don't we make it my dream? - And it would be my pleasure! Let's go! (fast beat music) Who's next? (fast beat music) Who's next? (fast beat music) Who's next? (fast beat music) Who's next? ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ ♪ Go Harry! ♪ Who's next? - That was great! - Yo, you killed it! - Yo, high five! Bam! - Yo, that was fire! - Thanks, Berleezy. See, giving a compliment isn't that hard. - Yeah, I guess that one just kind of slipped out. - Did it feel good? - Yeah, it did, it did. - Aha, see Berleezy have you ever heard the saying Good Things Happen to Good People? - Yeah. Does that apply to me now? - Yep! And now that you're a good person, I have a surprise for you! Bow! - Whoa! How did you do this? - Aha. - You know what? I don't wanna ruin the magical moment. Don't tell me. - You are officially part of the Hip Hop Harry crew. High five! Bow! Hey Roachie and Berleezy, you guys wanna go get some lunch? - As long as it's not dried apples. (laughing) - Good one, yeah! - I love you guys! - I love you guys more! (fast beat music) [Harry] Who's next? (fast beat music)

(intense music) - [Narrator] We'd like to thank ZOOM Technologies for sending us these electric skates for free. (air whooshing) (dramatic clanking) (playful music) (tape rewinding) (playful music) - Welcome back, friends. Before we get started don't forget to click that like button. And if you haven't already, subscribe. (playful music) (gasp) - Wait a second... gotcha! (air whooshing) (intense music) - Hey, Shawn, I know you're in here. That's cheating. You can't use your super speed. - I wasn't cheating. - Yeah you were. You can't use your super speed in hide and seek. - Hey guys. I thought we were playing hide and seek. Does that mean I win? - No, no, no, no. We stopped the game because Chase thought I was cheating. We can move around. - No he used his super speed to get away. That's cheating! - Well we never said that I couldn't use my super speed. - Hmm, well we never said we couldn't move around, so technically, he wasn't cheating. - Hm. (sign) - However, using super speed is very unfair. - See? - Oh yeah, and I did win this game. - All right, fine. But I get a chance the next game. - All right, fine with me. But Shawn, let me hold on to that rock so you don't cheat again. - Fine, but it wasn't cheating. - All right, in this game whoever drops it first is out. - It's not gonna be me. (air whooshing) (crumbling) - Whoa! (intense music) - Oops, guys I kinda forgot I had super strength. - We have to get that ball back! - That's my favorite football! - Well yeah, there's that. And then, there's a little matter of the hole in our wall! - Easy Karlie, that's the least of our problems. I got this. (scary music) - All right, problem solved. Now, Shawn, you use your super speed to go get the ball back. - On it. (air whooshing) - Whoa! (gurgling) - Shawn! Are you okay? - Yeah I'm just not very good at controlling my super speed yet. - That's okay, lets take the electric skates. (engine roaring) - It should be around here. - Hey Karlie, how come you never wanna hold this meteorite that Shawn found? - Whoa, whoa, I'm not holding that. - Why not? - Because I'm older and wiser than both of you. - Well what's that gotta do with it? - Because with great power comes great responsibility, and I definitely don't want any more responsibility. - Fine, don't have a super power. - All right. So, according to this map that I made- - Wait, you made a map? - It should be right here! All right, we need to split up. Chase, you go that way. Shawn, you go that way. And I, will go that way. - Where is this football? (suspenseful music) - It's not over here! - It's not over here! - It's not over here either! All right guys, I thought it would be around here but I guess I miscalculated the trajectory and the wind estimate. The most likely place it would be is right here. So that's where we should check next. - Okay, so that's this path right here. - Yup. - Let's go. - Let's go get our ball back. (intense music) - All right guys, it should be around here somewhere. I'll go look over there. - Okay, I'll go look over here. - I'll look around here. Hey guys! - Yeah? - There's a man in a trench coat. He looks like he might know where our ball is. - Yeah, he kinda looks like a spy though. (heroic music) - Ah, he's just reading his newspaper guys. I don't think he saw where the ball went. Come on, let's find it. - I don't see it over here guys. - It's not over here guys. - It's not over here either. All right guys, the last place it could be is right here in the picnic area. - And if it's not there, then maybe someone took it! (gasp) - Guys, the man in the trench coat's gone! - Okay, well let's just go find this ball. (whooshing) (gasp) - The man in the trench coat! He has our ball! - Come on, we gotta get it! (intense music) - What? Where'd he go? - I don't see him! - It's like he just disappeared! - Guys, he's up there! - Get him! (intense music) - Get him! (heavy footsteps) - Guys, he went around this corner! What? Where'd he go? He's gotta be up there somewhere! - Let's go. - What? - Where'd he go? - I don't know, I don't see him! - He could've gone over there. - Yeah! I don't see him! - Yeah he's not under here! (gasp) - There he is! (intense music) - Run! - Come on let's get him! (intense music) - He went behind the building! - We've gotta get him before we lose him! Hurry, we gotta get him! - Ah man, where'd he go? - He's not here! - Ah man! - Where could he have gone? - Guys, you go back that way, I'll go this way and maybe we'll catch him. - Okay. - That's a great idea. (intense music) - He's not here! - Yeah he wasn't back that way. Oh man. - I guess we'll just have to go home without the ball, Shawn. - Yeah, that was our favorite ball though. I'm sorry Shawn. (depressing music) - Ah man, we had a lot of good times with that football, didn't we? - Hey, Shawn we could just get you another one like that. - Nah, just wouldn't be the same. - Hey, guys! There he is, right there, where we first saw him! (intense music) - Guys, I wanna go that way. You guys go that way, and we're gonna cut him off at the bridge, okay? - Okay. - Good idea. - Let's go. (intense music) (intense music) - Hold up Shawn! - What is it Chase? - I got an idea to cut him off at the bridge, you keep going. - Okay, see you there! (intense music) - Oh no, he's gonna get away again! (gasp) - All right super strength, don't let me down. (crashing) - Hey, that's my favorite football you took. - Yeah! - Yeah we got our football back! - Wait a second, that's not our football. - Yeah you're right. Our football's yellow and blue not yellow and purple. - Sorry, I guess we shouldn't have assumed you took our football. - Wait, that's not our football? Then do you know where our football is? - It is over here! (cheering) - We got our ball back! - Wait a second, where'd the guy in the trench coat go? - I guess it doesn't really matter. We have our ball back now! - Yeah, let's get on our skates and go home! - All right Shawn, let's go. - Guys wait for me-- Chase, you dropped your meteorite. (gasp) - Behind you Karlie! (gasp) - What just happened to Karlie? - Thanks to ZOOM for providing us these ZOOM shoes for free. - Check out the description box below for more information on ZOOM shoes. - Whoa! Guys! Guys wait for me! - Hey friends, thanks for watching and have an awesome day. - And don't forget to click the like button.

You might’ve seen them screaming in the stands or camping out for hours in lines. But recently, K-pop fans have done much more than that. While some protested on the streets for Black Lives Matter, K-pop stans in the U.S. flooded police surveillance apps and racist hashtags with videos of their favorite groups. They claim to have registered hundreds of tickets to President Trump’s Tulsa rally and then didn’t show up, leaving row after row empty. What is it about the world of K-pop behind the glowing skin, powerful dance moves and catchy rhythm that’s got its fans politically active? My Blackness and who I am as a person comes before any K-pop artist. We’re going to look at who the K-pop fans are in the U.S., how they got involved in politics and whether or not the K-pop industry is doing enough for its supporters of color. So, who makes up the K-pop fandom in the U.S.? It’s important to know that they are neither composed of just the Asian diaspora community nor just screaming girls with a lot of time on their hands. It’s a lot more complicated than that. First, the fandoms are divided into the artists you support. So if you are a BTS fan, you are part of what's known as “Army.” If you’re a Blackpink fan, then you’re a "Blink." And you can be part of multiple fandoms. The K-pop fandom in the United States is quite diverse and it includes many people of color. African American and Latinx. The fandom is also characterized by being very LGBT friendly. This is CedarBough Saeji - a professor in East Asian languages and culture at Indiana University. She’s lived in Korea for almost 16 years and understands K-pop and its expansion to the U.S. Music fandoms tend to be younger. And so I would say probably the average age is in the 20s. She says one reason K-pop attracts people of color is because they see it as a way to escape from mainstream, white-centric media. With K-pop, I feel like it was very familiar to the Black 90s bands that I was like listening to. It’s often easy to ignore that these fans have multiple identities. Because before they are fans, they are individuals with multiple interests and unique struggles. They're thoughtful people who are concerned about this country and concerned about the world. They are open-minded, outward-looking, and really culturally curious. K-pop fans are also young people who are learning that their voice matters. That’s why in the wake of Black Lives Matter and the police killing of George Floyd, fans used the tools they had developed as K-pop fans to fight for a cause they saw as meaningful. It’s important to note that these fandoms operate online mostly through Twitter. And mobilizing online to boost idol ratings is nothing new in the world of K-pop. We'll do giant streaming parties and get their faves to like the top of the Melon chart or in the American sense, like the top of the Hot 100. So it wasn't really surprising to see that happen in the BLM sense where fans could just like really easily trend a hashtag to number one. People have learned how to avoid looking like a bot online, and make that view count go up while still showing to YouTube that this is a real person behind that play click. That explains why the Trump administration was completely oblivious to the fact that the rally was booked out by K-pop fans who don’t actually live in the area. There’s also a history of fans using their money toward social causes in the name of idols. It’s a practice that goes back to the beginning of fandoms in South Korea. K-pop artists have long encouraged their fans to use their money for local causes rather than buy luxurious gifts for artists who are already millionaires. Fans would put their money together and they would donate rice to a facility for the elderly or for the homeless, or they would donate money to support an orphanage, things like that. Fans have recognized that this is a great way to get positive press coverage for both the artists and the fandoms. In late 2018, BTS made an empowering speech at the UN General Assembly about self-love. No matter who you are, where you’re from, your skin color and gender identity, just speak yourself. So when BTS donated $1 million to Black Lives Matter, its fandom - Army - mobilized to match another $1 million in just 24 hours. And so it doesn’t come as a surprise that most media coverage of K-pop fans has made them out to be a united front of politically motivated teenagers fighting for Black lives. Flooding Twitter and Instagram with fan videos and memes in an attempt to drown out the racist posts and create a positive and uplifting conversation. But fans of color like Ahomari and Ellie say that's far from the truth. It's felt performative. There's never been a fight for Black lives. Like a year ago, a Black K-pop fan could say Black Lives Matter online, and we'll probably get a ton of sh*t from non-Black K-pop fans. While BTS and Army's donation seemed positive at first, some Black fans say it was later used to silence their voices. So anytime an idol does any type of cultural appropriation, Black fans will try to call it out and say, Hey, this is offensive. And then a random person would come up and be like, well, they donated like $1 million to BLM. It was like, Hey, we donated — shut up now. Ellie also says it was counterproductive to trend a racist hashtag with fancams – these, by the way, are close-up videos of an artist's live performance, uploaded by fans. Seeing white lives matter trending was actually really triggering. Just the saying alone is an act of aggression towards Black Lives Matter. In the end, fans of color and experts agree that the K-pop fandom in the U.S. is really just another reflection of American society. But what about the idols? Do they care about the issues that affect their audience? While BTS and a few other artists issued statements condemning racism, most idols and parent companies stayed radio silent in the wake of Black Lives Matter. Even prior to that, K-pop groups had repeatedly offended Black people. There have been accusations of cultural appropriation and blackface. The entertainment companies behind various K-pop artists often issue written apologies but... It never goes past that. It's always like, we're reflecting, we're learning, but are we truly learning about these cultures? It's hard to ignore that these artists and companies come from a largely racially uniform society where they personally may not have experienced systemic racism. Yet racism is pervasive in Korea, particulary against migrant workers from developing Asian countries. As a Black fan, we have to do emotional labor. We have to educate these idols - in terms of trying to make sure an idol becomes a better person in terms of respecting cultures. Like it or not, K-pop has built itself on Black culture. This is Seo Taiji and Boys - one of the first boy bands in Korea. The industry continues to borrow music from Black producers and musicians who often don't get credit. The music really owes so much to forms of music that were originated with African Americans in the United States, such as R&B and hip-hop. They can't bury their head in the sand and pretend that they're not a part of this world, which includes systemic racism. As a supporter of multiple K-pop groups, Ellie is calling on entertainment companies to provide its artists with cultural sensitivity training. If you're trying to go global with your groups, you should really take the time to make sure that your education is global and understanding of Black people. And I feel like these companies really don't do enough to respect Black fans and just Black creatives. As the K-pop industry profits millions in a market attracting people of color, it's becoming harder to turn a blind eye to who its fans are as individuals. My Blackness and who I am as a person comes before any K-pop artist, any K-pop company, any K-pop fandom. K-pop has shown potential to be a positive political and social force - with its ability to transcend cultures, nationalities and languages. K-pop stans have also demonstrated they are capable of producing fast, real-life results for causes they care about. Results that will also help boost the image of their favorite groups. So what will be their next cause that they will champion? I don't know, but they know that they have power. They know that they have a voice. They know that they can make a difference.

Hi, I'm Dr. Frank Lista. Here we are outside Operating Room #1 and we're ready to do our first operation of the day, which is a breast augmentation. Now, one of the things that is most important to plastic surgeons is not just how good a patient looks, but also safety. And so as part of our safety program, we implement a program called the Time Out Check List. So the idea of the Time Out Check List is that we have a time out at the very beginning of the operation, and we go through the check list to review everything there is to know about the patient, including something called the ASA status, which means how healthy this patient is. I've already seen the patient in our pre-op room, and we've talked, said good morning, I've marked her, we've reviewed what we've already done, so I've already met her. She walked down the hall and she has been put to sleep. We're going to go in and while I'm prepping my hands and putting my glove and gown on, the nursing staff and all of us in the room are going to go over the pre-op check list. So this is a regular day here in the operating room, and we're ready to go. Good morning. Hey. Time out everyone. Hold on one sec, Cat. Just let me get my gown on here. So with us in the operating room this morning is Cat, Laurie, and Dr. Friedland, our talented and excellent O.R. team. So let's do the time out. Time out. This is Jane Smith. She's having II cohesive. Her procedure was checked verbally. It was checked on the front sheet, as well as her consent has been checked. Her ASA is A1. She's got no known drug allergies. Ancef and dex have been given. The pre-op drugs were given. The warming blanket's on. Cautery pad's on. And the SCE's are on and pumping. And her patient preference size is 425. Thanks, Cat. So that's our time out, that's what we do before every operation, and now we're going to start surgery. Thanks for watching.

こんにちは、いちむらまさきです １曲、イントロだけで ギター上達するコーナー １曲、弾いてみますが むずい この曲はですねぇ 音は歪ませているんだけども 本当は、こっちのプレイってのは こっちは歪んでなくって 右と左にチェンネルがボンボン飛んでる まぁ多重録音なんですけども これを一発で弾くには、とりあえず 歪ましておくしかしょうがなくって G♭m もしくはF#m これがまず最初にあって ここはそんなに難しくはないです こうハンマリングするだけ その後の、ウタッツっていう音が シとドの間にも、音が無いですね これはちょっと難しい で、その後に これは指はどれでもよくて この辺は勢いだけなんですけどねぇ こっちが３連符のピックアップのフレーズが こういう３つの、、、ってのがあって タカタターンって風に 実音はアップの時に音を立てています で、１フレット上げて 同じ で、また１フレット上げて 次は、ツツツカッカッカ これ結構、難しいかもしれないですね ゆっくりやるほうが弾けなかったりするんだけど ゆっくり弾けないと本当は駄目なんだけどね チャチャチャ チャーン チャチャチャ、チャッ　チャッ　チャーン いつも僕は言ってる16ビートで 必ずダウン＆アップです って言ってる それはダウン＆アップには代わり無いんだけども ここで一回だけ上下が反転するんですよ ここで少し 右手を空間で浮かしていないと 我慢していないといけなくて で、最後の音を とありえずダウンに持ってくるようにすれば 一応は弾けるようになります で、もう一回、、、 があって その次は、どこを弾いているのか ちょっとわかんないですけど ソってのが居るわけですよ とりあえずは、EとE♭ っていう パワー・コードでまぁいいかなぁと これはそんなに難しくないですね で、その後に 本当は、こういうコードみたいな 16フレットのG#m みたいな音 これは、まぁ、どっちかっていうと タイミング勝負なので、ちゃんとこの辺が ズバリ鳴っている必要は無いっていうか この音がギターなのか、他の楽器の音なのか もしくは声なのか よく分からないので ここはまぁ例えば こういうだけでも、タイミングだけでも こんなんでもいいし もしくは自分で勝手にこう とりあえずこれは勢いを付けるための こういう音ですと もう一回最初っから ゆっくりやると っていう感じです

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this is kind of a fun one let's take a few minutes to talk about black holes truth be told we don't really know a lot about black holes or singularities not naming any names here but there are actually some scientific institutions that have published videos describing them as gigantic vacuum cleaners in space or big sucking blob monsters that absorb everything inside but that's not really scientifically accurate because it has no structure to it what we do know about them is rather interesting with our modern mathematics and physics we understand that at the center of the black hole is a space with zero volume and yet infinite gravity infinite gravity so powerful that light itself cannot escape its pull infinity you know what that means right it means that the speed of light isn't the fastest thing in the universe as we have believed for so long there's something faster which has some relationship and connection to gravity whether faster than light is something specific to black holes or if they're found elsewhere in the universe that's not yet officially scientifically known but I'd reckon that at the heart of light itself inside the photon of light in the nucleus of a subatomic particle at a level so small that our technology cannot even see that infinity is also present so I want to show you something interesting and also a little funny just flow with me on this it's pretty funny if we can lighten up about ourselves see it appears as though pictures such as this have been used for years and years to try and describe the structure of space and black holes among all of these pictures there is this common trait that I saw in all of the diagrams yes the space is curving but the space is curving from a point of flatness over and over all over the world space-time is often described as if it's this big flat plane out in space and that the planets the Stars the black holes just sort of create gravity around the fabric of space and it just made me laugh I mean come on this is a little funny you know first we have to fight our way to try and prove that the world wasn't flat it looks as though we're having to do the same thing with the universe but don't worry I'm pretty sure that most people would agree that space itself isn't flat and I'm also pretty sure that these scientific institutions don't genuinely believe that space is flat I hope I understand that this is a technological trial of ours we're not exactly sure what it looks like because it's probably like being underwater and there's waves constantly moving from all different sources gravity from this star and that star in this galaxy in this black hole it's a jumble it's messy and we don't know how to visualize it we don't even know which way is up if there even is enough for all we know there isn't Direction only happens in relationship to something else and so even if our whole galaxy is a particle floating around in a great deep ocean on another planet in a super universe unless we can actually demonstrate that scientifically we're pretty much just throwing darts in the dark here now the original reason I brought this up was this whole flat universe model we need to find a better way to describe space-time and the shape of black holes and it's actually starting to happen see now pictures like this are starting to gain steam on the Internet these concepts seem to accurately demonstrate the toroidal flow of the cosmos and the patterns and geometry that are at the heart of the ways that reality is constructed but why is this important to the world honestly I think it helps people see how these same patterns are present everywhere from whirlpools galaxies atoms and even in our own bodies we grow and build a sense of connection with everything around us now I want to present an idea with you this is an idea that has sort of been mainstreamed ish for a while but I never really got the big attention from scientific institutions or the media because we have a hard time seeing this to be demonstrated out in the universe at the same time that's how we evolved in science is we have to make predictions and then try and demonstrate and find examples of these things to see that they are in fact true or find the way in which it is true how it does work just because this way isn't right doesn't mean that it can't work another way such as this you know how black holes absorb light and matter and pretty much everything that light obviously must go somewhere the laws of the toroidal field dictate that what goes in come out and what goes out must come back in now the problem was that we've never really been able to follow or watch or see where energy and light goes once it goes into a black hole we are blind once things past the event horizon all we know is that the laws of physics break down infinity becomes reality and anything is possible some theories about this as well as a beautiful demonstration by Neil deGrasse Tyson in Episode four of the new cosmos discusses the idea of going through a black hole and coming out in another universe or a parallel dimension in the case of black holes at the point of singularity the fabric of space itself is said to break and all of the different universes become connected we can also imagine that perhaps small black hole vacuums are what creates stars you know stars form from collapsing clouds of space dust and perhaps at the core of that fusing is that infinite space of fusion and infinity the singularity I know I know what does it have to do with you right everything it has everything to do with you and we're gonna get to that we have a new episode plan for next week so stay tuned oh and if you haven't seen this yet just yeah for me I'm just in awe that there's so much about reality that we really don't know the universe is so vast and so much greater than ourselves and we're a part of that whole we make it up and without us it would be incomplete that's pretty awesome

Hi, this is Anne Warfield with Impression Management Professionals. I've recently been on several news stations to share what is the body language of the candidates really saying about them. Today, what I wanted to share with you is how their body language equates to executive presence. Because as a leader, you wanna exude executive presence at all times so you have credibility and authority everytime that you speak. So let's look at the four candidates in their most recent debate, and what their body language said about each of them as a leader. Let's start with Ron Paul. Ron Paul did what I call "The Turtle", and that is where the shoulders are down, the head scrunches into the neck, and when points are made, it's more with the head leaning out and rounding to the back to make the points. This combined with the eyebrow that goes off a little bit on one side, creates an illusion that this is someone that may know what they're talking about but it's a little bit like that absent minded professor. Is there the true grit and determination that you need behind this. Now, let's compare and contrast that to Newt Gingrich. He sat back the entire time, his jacket would flop open every once in a while while he's talking. He leaned on to the one side, would occasionally grab his arm, and when he talked about things he occassionally would do "this" with his hands. All of this gave the impression that he is very bored with what's being talked about, he's come to a predetermined decision, but their wasn't the feeling of that energy coming out of the audience, out to America that he wanted to make things happen for America. Now let's look at the last two, you have Rick Santorum. He's what I would call a person that is moving towards executive presence still is not there yet. This was seen in that he kinda sat in an in-between posture, there were times he leaned back, times he tried to come forward, his eyes would dart around as he was talking like there wasn't sure where I should focus. And interesting enough, when he would try to point out the good things he was gonna do he often prefaced them by talking about what he was going to cut-out. So he talked about that he was gonna cut education funding, he was gonna cut medicare, cut social security. All designed because on the good side, what he said was, "I'm gonna bring that power back into the states arms." But you can see as a person listening, if you don't listen to that part of the message, all you'd hear is about the cuts. Also there were times when he took notes and someone would say something, his eyebrows would go up because it was like I've gotta jump in, and you have this kind of a movement going on. Now Mitt Romney, he used what I call, was a lot of executive presence. In that, he sat very straight in the chair, his shoulders were squared off, he had his one arm up on the table, his other arm was off to the side, he either sat with his fingers together, like this, but he always looked forward, he always showed the energy and the squareness coming off the shoulders, looking at the audience. Whether it was a moderator asking him the question, or it was someone from the audience, he looked to where that question was and stayed focus on that. He also did something else very interesting though, he was one of the few that would joke with his constituents on stage. He would say, "Sure, jump in here. Go ahead." Or, "Oh, woops! I didn't mean that, it's your turn." He did things that showed he was in control on the interview and the process. This is similar to what I saw with President Clinton, when he was first debating against George Bush Sr. and Ross Perot. If you remember, he would walk around that as though he was the one that authorized, asked for this meeting, and was exuding that presence, and the rest were there with him at the debate. That's the same thing I saw with Mitt Romney the other night. So here's what you wanna do, take this information and go back and look at yourself as a leader. "How do I position myself when I sit?" Do I hunch down and turtle? Do I tend to waffle, so people aren't sure? Do I tend to sit back so it looks like, I'm either not fully engaged? Or do I sit with executive presence with my back up, I take full space up, I look at people, I have direct eye contact, and I portray a strength and a credibility. Go ahead and check out our website at www.impressionmanagement.com To find out more information and articles about how you, can exude executive presence as a leader. May you go forth and have a great outcome focus day, filled with fabulous results.

English: [blissful serenity] [haggard groaning] Hello! It's me! That guy who does those videos! VERY OCCASIONALLY Aw, man, geez! I love balls! Did you know that as of, maybe, two hundred years ago, everyone thought that the Earth was flat? Aaah, that's actually a joke! I tricked you! It's a pop cultural myth! People have thought that the Earth was a sphere... ...more specifically, an "oblate spheroid", for, hundreds, if not thousands, of years, if you accept Ptolemy's writing as evidence of that speculation. [Ptolemaic raspberry] For, at the very least, hundreds of years now, it's been pretty much widely accepted that the Earth is a globe, which means that the modern Flat Earth movements that exist aren't contiguous with any past movement. Russian: *блаженное спокойствие* *измождённый стон* Привет! Это я — чувак, который пилит эти самые видосы! ДОСТАТОЧНО РЕДКО Ух ты, вот это да! Я обожаю шары! Знали ли вы, что когда-то, сотни две лет назад, все считали, что Земля — плоская? А-а-а, это вообще-то шутка! Я вас обманул! Это просто поп-культурный миф! Люди считали, что Земля — это шар... ...а если точнее, «сплюснутый сфероид»... сотни, если не тысячи лет, если учитывать писания Птолемея как доказательство сей гипотезы. *фыркает по-птолемеевски* Уже как минимум сотни лет, то, что Земля — это шар, является практически общепризнанным фактом, что значит, что существующие современные сообщества плоской Земли не имеют отношения ни к каким прошлым сообществам. Russian: Эти люди — не регрессисты, которые хотят вернуться к определённому набору убеждений. Эти люди — прогрессисты. Они верят в науку, доводы и доказательства. Они хотят, чтобы познание Земли двигалось вперёд — к краю пропасти! Что и описывают эти гипотезы! У Земли, возможно, есть край! Звучит интересно! И сегодня я бы хотел обсудить доводы этих людей в пользу своих убеждений, их доказательства, и я хотел бы узнать, что мы, как независимые мыслители, можем вынести из их выводов. Увидимся в аду, маленький ЛЖИВЫЙ ШАРИК! Вот тебе! А, блядь, Ч-, уфф, твою мать. Часть 1: КАК ПЛОСКАЯ ЗЕМЛЯ ВНОВЬ ПЕРЕШЛА ЧЕРЕЗ КРАЙ Итак, я не шутил насчёт того, что «плоскоземлеизм» появился лишь недавно. Есть огромное количество сообществ плоской Земли, которые существовали уже, ну там, две сотни лет но в большинстве случаев они состояли из пары человек и вели весьма жалкое существование, и даже тогда другие люди смотрели на них как на чудаков. English: These people aren't regressives who want to go back to a certain set of beliefs. These people are *progressives*. They believe in science and reason and evidence. They want understanding of the earth to move forwards—off of the edge of a cliff! Which theoretically exists now! The Earth might have an edge! *That's* exciting! And today I wanted to look at some of these people's reasons for their beliefs, their evidence, and I wanted to see what we, as independent thinkers, can make of their findings. See you in hell, you little LIEBALL! Nyaah! Oh, fuck! Oh, J-, aww, Jesus. So, I'm not kidding about Flat-Earther-ism being recent. There are numerous Flat Earth societies that have been around for, like, 200 years, but usually they're just a couple of people now, just keeping the lights on, and even then, they were seen as weirdos by most people. Russian: В те ранние времена на Фейсбуке были чуваки, которые, ну там, создавали шуточные страницы и притворялись, что они сообщество плоской Земли, и всё это было не более, чем люди, создающие глупые, вроде как фальшивые мемы, и это, согласитесь, ОЧЕНЬ ВЕСЕЛО — обзывать кого-либо «ШАРОЁБОМ». Но потом — я не знаю — человечество деградировало, пока я не смотрел, потому что теперь, вдобавок к тому, что некоторые люди считают свободный рынок возможным и что это хорошая идея, некоторые люди верят в более безобидную и глупую сказку — про то, что Земля плоская. С 2015-го года количество сторонников плоской Земли чрезвычайно выросло, и теперь есть даже настоящий Съезд сторонников плоской Земли! И люди слетаются со всего ЗЕМНОГО ШАРА чтобы объединить свои коллективные знания. Даже некоторые знаменитости выразили свою поддержку сообществу — такие, как Логан Пол, который, как всем известно, всегда принимает обдуманные решения — [Заголовок: «Общество плоской Земли не хочет иметь ничего общего со своим новым последователем — Логаном Полом»] и знаменитый рэпер... Б.О.Б.? Little Robbie в данный момент ведёт сбор средств через GoFundMe, где просит миллион долларов, чтобы запустить в небо дронов, метеозонды, спутники, ракеты и так далее, и я, честно говоря, восхищаюсь его, ну, преданности науке. English: Then, on Facebook in the early years, there were people who were, like, opening joke pages, pretending to be a Flat Earth society, and it was just people having fun making silly, sort-of fake memes, and, it *is*, let's all admit, VERY FUNNY to call someone a "GLOBEHEAD". But then, I don't know, society utterly fucking collapsed when I wasn't looking or something, because now, in addition to some people believing that the free market is real and a good idea, some people believe the much less harmful and ridiculous fairy tale that the Earth is flat. As of 2015, Flat Earth membership has grown massively, and now there's even a full Flat Earth Convention! With people flying in from all to take part and pool their collective knowledge. Even some celebrities have voiced support for the movement, like Logan Paul, who's universally known for making well-thought-out decisions and famous rapper... Little Robbie currently has a GoFundMe up, asking for a million dollars to send up drones and weather balloons and satellites and rockets and stuff, and I kind of admire his, uh, commitment to science. English: He's really willing to put other people's money where his mouth is and find out the shape of the Earth. But what caused Bob to think the Earth was flat in the first place? Let's find out and dive into the first documentary I saw while I was researching Flat Earth, Odd TVs "The True Earth": - [Odd TV] (MORPHEUS) Like everyone else, you were born into bondage, born into a prison for your mind. Buckle your seatbelt, Dorothy, because Kansas is going bye-bye. - [Hbomb] (BORED) "Take the red pill, like in The Matrix. The Matrix is a good movie." Oh God, I've gotta make out that Night in the Woods video. - [Odd TV] Our daily observations of the Earth are consistent with a flat and stationary surface. Most, if not all, ancient civilizations knew that the Earth was flat. - [Hbomb] Okay, that's an interesting start. Um... Okay, so, philosophers and linguists and discourse-ists and those "Ivory Tower Marxists" I've heard so much about argue incessantly on the concepts of knowledge and truth... Russian: Он на самом деле готов тратить деньги чужих людей на то, что бы узнать, какой там формы Земля. Но что изначально убедило Боба в плоскости Земли? Давайте же узнаем и насладимся первым документальным фильмом, который я посмотрел, пока собирал информацию про плоскую Землю — «Настоящая Земля» от Odd TV. [Odd TV] «Как и все остальные, ты родился в рабстве, родился в тюрьме. В тюрьме для твоего разума» [Цитата из Матрицы] [Odd TV] «Пристёгивай ремень, Дороти, потому что мы говорим Канзасу пока-пока» [Тоже цитата из Матрицы, отсылка на «Волшебника страны Оз»] (устало) Выбери красную таблетку, прямо как в Матрице. Матрица — это хороший фильм. О Господи, мне пора бы уже выпустить этот ролик про Night in the Woods. [Odd TV] «Наше повседневное наблюдение за Землёй говорит нам о том, что Земля — это плоская и устойчивая поверхность. Многие, если не все, древние цивилизации знали, что Земля — плоская» Окей, это интересное начало. Но... Часть 2: ЗНАНИЕ ТАК НЕ РАБОТАЕТ Окей, итак, философы, лингвисты, и... ораторы и те «оторванные от реальности марксисты», о которых я так много слышал, непрерывно спорят о понятиях знаний и правды... English: They're all wrong, and I'm right, and here's how it works: people don't simply "know" things. People *believe* something to be true or, to put it another way, they *think* they know something. What Odd TV actually means here is that most ancient civilizations, or at least some of them, depending on how far back you go, *thought* they knew the Earth was flat. And he's ascribing "KNOWLEDGE" to them so that they "DEFINITELY KNEW THIS" in order to make it seem more credible that that thing is true. - [Odd TV] The people of today would say that ancient cultures were ignorant and unaware, yet they accomplished great feats that we still can't accomplish to this day. - [Hbomb] (UNIMPRESSED) The ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids, so how could they be wrong about unrelated issues? The ancient Egyptians that Pharaohs were living incarnations of a humanoid god with a crocodile's head named Russian: Все они ошибаются, а я прав, и вот как это работает: люди не могут просто «знать» о тех или иных вещах. Люди верят, что то или иное явление — правда, или, если выразиться иначе, они думают, что они что-то знают. И что имеют в виду Odd TV — это что многие древние цивилизации, или хотя бы некоторые из них, в зависимости от того, как далеко вы заглянете, ДУМАЛИ, что они знают, что Земля — плоская. И он приписывает им «ЗНАНИЯ», вроде как они это «ТОЧНО ЗНАЛИ», для того, чтобы казалось, что это заслуживающая доверия правда. «Современные люди сказали бы, что древние цивилизации были примитивны и невежественны, хотя им удавалось осуществлять великие замыслы, которые нам до сих пор не под силу» *не впечатлён* Раз древние египтяне построили пирамиды, то как они могут ошибаться насчёт всего остального? Древние египтяне "ЗНАЛИ" что фараоны были живыми воплощениями человекообразного бога с головой крокодила по имени СОБЕК, Russian: считавшегося «Повелителем Спермы», и помогал Солнцу продвигаться по небу, предположительно... стреляя по нему... спермой. Древние египтяне "ЗНАЛИ" об этом тысячу лет назад, и несмотря на это, каждый год мы не приносим Повелителю Спермы в жертву мумифицированных крокодилов, чем каждый раз грозим ПРОБУДИТЬ ЕГО ГНЕВ!!! [Odd TV] «Те из вас, которые считают, что эта техническая ошибка была запланирована...» Ой! Я и забыл про эту часть! Это видео в особенности восхитительно, потому что, окей — спойлеры — аргументов в пользу плоской Земли не так уж и много. Есть пара людей, которые пытаются придумать новые, но, в данное время, есть, ну там, пять главных аргументов, и все остальные вроде как просто продолжают воровать их друг у друга... перефразируя их и находя всё новые слегка различающиеся способы повторять одно и то же снова и снова, и эта документалка заходит ещё на один шаг дальше и — вместо того, что бы перефразировать эти аргументы в 18-тый миллион раз — просто показывает нарезки из роликов, которые выложили другие люди. Это потрясающе. [Odd TV] «Это подлинная фотография, видите? Я приближу вид на Землю в фотошопе, -> Изображение -> Изменить -> Уровни, English: who was the 'Lord of Semen' and helped the sun move through the sky, presumably, by...blasting it with...sperm. The ancient Egyptians this thousands of years ago, and yet every year, we deny the Sperm Lord his offerings of mummified crocodiles, (MARIK ISHTAR VOICE) and once more we THREATEN TO AWAKEN HIS ANGER!!!! - [Odd TV] Those of you who think this technical difficulty was planned... - [Hbomb] Oh! I forgot about this part! This video, in particular, is great because, okay, spoilers, there aren't *that many* pro-Flat-Earth arguments. There's a couple of people who keep trying to come up with new ones, but, really, there's, like, five main ones, and then everyone keeps, kind of, ripping them off and... rewording them and coming up with slightly different ways of saying the same thing over and over again, and *this* documentary goes one step further and, rather than remaking those arguments for an 18th millionth time, it actually just borrows clips from videos people have already made. It's great. - [Odd TV] This is live on the air, okay? I'm gonna zoom in on the Earth in Photoshop, -> Image -> Adjust -> Levels, English: and I'm gonna bring the levels up. Uh oh! What is *that*? Why is there a square box around the Earth, allegedly taken from the "scientists" on the Moon in Apollo 17? And people wonder why I don't trust NASA. *That's* why I don't trust NASA! - [Odd TV] I mean, they're always asking me, saying... - [Hbomb] Uh, wait a second, mate, wait, wait, w— Hold on a second. Let me get my mouse. Let's quickly create a new image. Let's make it 3000 x 3000 pixels, 72 pixels per inch. Let's do a DEEP FAKE! Let's fake our own PALE, BLUE DOT!! That's not it. It's not a dot. You gotta hold Shift to make it perfectly circular. Don't make *that* mistake next time, globalists! Ooo, look, that's some Thaaat's an ocean, ahh, that's the land we all live on! That's *exactly* what Ptolemy's map looked like... [Ptolemaic spitting] So, if we were to do this adjustment right here with with the image levels... turn it all the way up... You'll see that there's no, uh...nothing, nothing goes up. Nothing goes up at all. Wow, look. Russian: И тут я поднимаю уровни. О нет! Что же это такое? Почему вокруг Земли высвечивается квадрат, хотя снимок вроде бы сделан "учёными" на Луне с Аполлона-17? И люди ещё спрашивают, почему я не доверяю НАСА. Вот почему я не доверяю НАСА! То есть, меня спрашивают всегда, говорят, что...» — Хм, постойте-ка минутку, подожди, подожди, п— Подождите-ка минутку. Я сейчас достану свою мышку. Давайте-ка быстренько создадим новое изображение. Допустим 3000 x 3000 пикселей, 72 пикселя на один дюйм. Давайте создадим ФАЛЬШИВКУ! Давайте сфальсифицируем свою собственную БЛЕДНУЮ, СИНЮЮ ТОЧКУ!!! Это не то. Это не точка. Надо удерживать Shift, чтобы получился идеальный круг. Не совершайте эту ошибку в следующий раз, глобалисты! Ооо, посмотрите, это немного отражения Солнышка... Это океан... вот, а это суша, на которой мы все живём! Именно так выглядит карта Птолемея! *плюёт по-птолемеевски* Итак, если мы проделаем корректирование уровней в изображении... поднимем их до самого конца... Вы увидите, что ничего не, ну...ничего не высвечивается. Совсем ничего. Вау, смотрите. English: If only they'd properly cut the Earth out, NASA could've gotten away with it, if it weren't for those meddling Photoshop users!! Let's save it as a JPEG and let's make it medium compression. So, this is, like, an average amount of JPEG compression for an image on the Internet. Now, let's, let's quickly open up our Untitled 1.jpg in Photoshop ourselves. Now, let's tuuuurn the levels up. Ohhhhhhh, my God! Ohhh, my God!! It's a Fake Earth Picture that wasn't cut out properly!!! It's JPEG compression, you fucking idiot. Okay, I'm already incredibly bored of this documentary. It's the same music clip playing over and over for 30 minutes, and, and it's jarring, having all these other voices that just, kind of, come in... It's... it's just not... it's just not very well-made, and I've decided to just move on to other people's videos, which usually make the same point anyway. We might even run into one of the videos that they stole! But one thing I do want to bring up is, uh, a meme that I saw posted here first, and I've seen it around since then, Russian: Если бы они только обрезали Землю как полагается — НАСА смогла бы нас обмануть, если бы только не эти назойливые пользователи фотошопа!!! Давайте сохраним это как JPEG и выберем среднее сжатие. То есть, это средние настройки JPEG сжатия, которые используют для картинок в интернете. А теперь, давайте быстро откроем наш Безымянный 1.jpg в фотошопе. Теперь, давайте поднимем уровни. [Рабочий стол: СЛАВА ПОВЕЛИТЕЛЮ СОБЕКУ] О, Боже мой! О, Боже мой! Это фальшивое изображение Земли, которое неправильно обрезали!!! Это сжатие JPEG, ёбаный ты идиот. Окей, мне уже сильно наскучил этот документальный фильм. Это как пластинка, которая повторяется уже 30 минут, и-и это раздражает, когда все эти голоса просто говорят в одно и то же время... Это... Это просто не... не очень хорошо сделано, и я решил просто перейти к видео других людей, которые часто всё равно приводят те же аргументы. Мы даже можем наткнуться на одно из видео, которые они украли! Но то, о чём я хочу поговорить — ну, это мем, который опубликовали здесь — и который я повсюду потом видел — Russian: под конец документалки, и когда я первый раз её смотрел, я был вынужден поставить на паузу и начать смеяться. Это... Вот эта картинка. Она невероятна. Она такая искренняя и сама не понимает, о чём она по-настоящему говорит. [«ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВА ШАРА: *книги* ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВА ПЛОСКОЙ ЗЕМЛИ: *глаза*»] То есть, может, просто, не надо слишком сильно гордиться, что ты... ТЫ НЕ ЧИТАЕШЬ КНИГИ. Часть 3: ТОТ, КТО ГРОМЧЕ ВСЕХ КРИЧИТ В любом случае, один из главных чуваков, из-за которого ПОКАТИЛОСЬ всё это дело с плоской Землёй... ...это маленькая шуточка тебе от меня... это, эмм, Марк Сарджент и его серия видео под названием «Улики о плоской Земле». Я уже слышал от 20 или 30 людей... что эта серия по-настоящему втянула их во всю эту тему и они стали серьёзно её воспринимать. [Марк Сарджент] «Находимся ли мы в закрытом мире, как в Шоу Трумана, котрый тянется на тысячи миль в ширину?» «Прямо как в "Шоу Трумана"». О Боже... Нет, нет, веди себя прилично. Веди себя прилично. [Описание] «Выросший на Юге острова Уидби, в Вашингтоне, Марк Сарджент начал свою карьеру, став профессиональным игроком в компьютерные игры в Боулдере, Колорадо» О, прекрасно, старина геймер! Он наверняка благоразумен! English: towards the end of the documentary, and when I was watching the first time, I had to pause and just kind of laugh at it. It's... it's this picture here. It's *so* fascinating. It's *so direct*, and it doesn't get what it's really saying. Like, just, maybe don't brag *too* triumphantly about how you... YOU DON'T READ BOOKS. Anyway, one of the main folks credited with getting the BALL ROLLING in Flat Earth... ...that's a little joke from me to you... is, uh, Mark Sargent and his video series entitled "Flat Earth Clues". I've now heard about two or three dozen people say that this series is what really got them into the whole thing and taking it seriously. (READING) "Are we inside a Truman Show enclosed world thousands of miles wide?" (MOCKING) "It's just like in 'The Truman Show.'" Oh, God... No, no, be nice. Be nice. "Growing up on South Whidbey Island, Washington, Mark Sargent started his career playing computer games professionally in Boulder, Colorado. Oh great, a fellow gamer! He *must* be reasonable! English: Early in 2015 he released a series of YouTube videos titled "Flat Earth Clues", which delves into the possibility of our human civilization actually being inside a Truman-Show-like enclosed syst— ...you already said "Truman Show" earlier in the description. Like...at least reference a *different* movie. In other words, *this* is the video series that everyone else is cribbing from. So we should probably check it out, shouldn't we? (ELDRITCH VOICE) Two hours... (NORMAL) I've always wanted to d o this joke, and this actually took me two hours. Well, *that* was a waste of time. Okay, I've now watched Mark's entire 14-part (plus extras) series about how the Earth is flat, which took a couple of hours... and...what really jumps out at me is how shockingly boring and unconvincing it is. Like, you'd think "this is the original one!" "This is the one that got 'em!"...and it's a slideshow with, like, a guy kinda rambling, and he talks like he...he's REALLY convinced. He KNOWS the Truth! And I assume people, uh, believe this because they're like "well, he...he *sounds* really into it! He must...he must be onto something!" Russian: [Описание] «В начале 2015-го он выпустил серию Ютуб-видео под названием "Улики о Плоской Земле", которые исследуют... возможность того, что наша человеческая цивилизация находится внутри закрытой системы, как в Шоу Трума~» ...вы уже упомянули Шоу Трумана раннее в описании... типа... хотя бы на другой фильм сошлитесь. Другими словами, это та самая серия видео, из которой все остальные черпают информацию. Значит, нам нужно её заценить, не так ли? *ужасным голосом* Два часа спустя... *нормальным* Я всегда хотел вставить эту шутку, и это действительно заняло у меня два часа. Ну что ж, это было пустой тратой времени. Окей, теперь я посмотрел всю серию Марка из 14-и частей (плюс дополнительный материал) о том, что Земля — плоская, что заняло пару часов... и... что действительно выделяется, это то, насколько удивительно скучно и неправдоподобно всё это. Ну там, думаешь, «это ведь первоисточник!» «Это то, с чего всё началось!»... и это слайдшоу, где есть, ну, мужик, который о чём-то болтает, и говорит, как будто он... он ПРАВДА убеждён, что ЗНАЕТ правду! И я думаю, что люди, эм, верят в это, потому что они такие «Ну, он... кажется, сам верит! Наверно он... он действительно что-то понял!» English: But it's... it's, like...really, REALLY unconvincing. In order to summarize the point in any one of those videos that they make, you would have to edit around...and cut across in time so much to kind of... formulate the actual point so much that it would feel deceptive, like I'm, sort of, pulling some kind of trick by... trying to get to the point he's making in a simpler way. And the evidence that he refers to is so thin on the ground, that it doesn't even meet any burden of proof for it to be something that I would need to debunk anyway. "Part 7", for example, "Long Haul", is the one that really sticks out to me. It takes him 10 minutes to effectively say "I looked up some flights and I think they show the Earth is flat. That's...that's *all* he had to say, but it takes... TEN MINUTES. I promised myself, when I was researching something like Flat Earth, that I would try and find the strongest possible versions of any argument that I responded to or debunked, Russian: Но это... это ведь очень... очень, ОЧЕНЬ неубедительно. Для того, чтобы подытожить каждое из этих видео, нужно столько отредактировать... вырезать и поменять временные отрезки, чтобы... сформулировать нормальный вывод — проделывая это, я бы чуствовал себя так, будто проворачиваю какой-то трюк... пытаясь проще объяснить то, к чему он ведёт. И доказательства, которые он приводит, настолько смехотворны, что не соответствуют простейшему понятию о доказательствах, на которые был бы смысл отвечать. В «Части 7», например, меня очень впечатлил «Длинный Путь». У него ушло 10 минут на то, чтобы, по сути, сказать, что «Я глянул пару рейсов и мне кажется, это доказывает, что Земля плоская». Это... это всё, что он хотел сказать, но на это ушло... ДЕСЯТЬ МИНУТ. Я пообещал себе, что когда я буду собирать информацию о такой штуке, как плоская Земля, то я попытаюсь найти самые сильные версии любых аргументов, на которые я ответил или разобрал... Russian: потому что поскольку в сообществе, в котором... в котором так много всяких разных, ну, самодеятелей, как в Обществе плоской Земли, очень легко найти человека, который плохо выразил свои мысли, и сказать «ХА!» и притвориться, что ты разбил сами аргументы, и я не хочу так делать. И, хочу признаться, очень странно, что тот парень, на которого все указывают, как на того, «кто всех сюда затащил»... Его видео ПЛОХИ! Ну, посмотрите их, пожалуйста! Если вы выдержите. Они просто нелепы, и это кажется мне странным, ведь они должны... они должны были быть самыми убедительными! Возьмём хотя бы «Длинный путь полётов», о котором я уже говорил. Два месяца после того, как вышло то видео, кто-то, кто его очевидно посмотрел, уже отполировал этот аргумент, который пытался преподнести Сарджент, так, чтобы сделать по-настоящему хорошее видео, и это видео набрало, ну там, в шесть раз больше просмотров. Мы скоро поговорим об этом видео, но для начала: если теория шара не верна, то какая остаётся альтернатива? Я думаю самое время взглянуть, как вообще выглядит карта плоской Земли. Часть 4: ПЛОСКИЙ МИР! (но не тот, который прикольный) English: because, with a movement as...as big and full of all kinds of, sort of, amateur people as Flat Earth, it's very easy to find someone making the point very badly and go "HAH!" and then pretend you've discredited the entire argument, and I don't want to do that. And I just want to acknowledge here that it's really weird that the guy everyone credits with "getting them in on it" is... The videos are BAD! Like, watch them, please! If you can stand it. It's just not very well put together, and that's just a bit weird to me, 'cuz they're suppose... they're supposed to be the best ones! Take the "Long-haul Flight" one I mentioned already. Two months after that came out, someone who's clearly seen that one has already honed the point that Sargent was trying to make down into one that's actually a good video, and that video has, like, six times more views. We'll get to that video in a second, but first, *if* the globe model *is* wrong, what's the alternative? I think it's time we looked at what a Flat Earth map actually looks like. English: This is a poster I had made of Gleason's New Standard Map of the World. It was made in the late 1800s... and it shows (what purports to be) what the Earth *actually* looks like when it's flat. Now, this isn't the *exact* map that Flat Earthers use. What they use is a *version* of this that's projected the same way. There are lots of different ways you can project Planet Earth. The Gleason map and other supposedly "slightly more accurate and realistic" Flat Earth maps aren't actually just made up from something. They're based on a type of map projection that already existed, known as: *Not* named for its creator, because I just made that guy up. And that projection method isn't completely useless. It's not just a silly picture. It's good for being able to tell what angle and distance you are from the North Pole. This is *really* accurate to where you are in relation to the North Pole, especially compared to other projections, where the North Pole is, like, the wrong size or in the wrong place, because, otherwise, you wouldn't be able to see it properly, because flat maps are just inherently always a bit wrong. Russian: Это плакат, который я сделал, распечатав Новую Стандартную Карту Мира от Глисона. Она была сделана в конце XIX-того века... и она показывает (подразумевает), как по-настоящему выглядила бы Земля, если она была бы плоской. Но это не именно «та самая карта», которую используют сторонники плоской Земли. То, что они используют — это «вариант» этой карты, проецируемый с того же самого угла. Есть много разных способов проецировать планету Земля. Карта Глисона и другие предположительно «слегка более точные и реалистичные» карты плоской Земли не появились из неоткуда. Они основаны на уже существующей проекции карты, название которой: «АЗИМУТАЛЬНАЯ ПРОЕКЦИЯ ЗЕМЛИ». Не названная в честь своего создателя, Филиппа Азимута — потому что я только выдумал этого чувака. [Надпись: «НАДУРИЛ ВАС, ШАРОЁБЫ»] И этот метод проекции не полностью бесполезен. Это не просто глупая картинка. По ней можно определить, на каком расстоянии вы находитесь от Северного полюса. Она точно указывает, где вы находитесь относительно Северного полюса, особенно по сравнению с другими проекциями, где Северный полюс, ну, неправильной формы или в неправильном месте, потому что [Надпись: «Потому что невозможно точно изобразить Землю на плоской бумажке»] в ином случае, мы не могли бы его должным образом рассмотреть, потому что плоские карты просто по сути своей немного искажены. [«Единственный способ точно изобразить планету Земля — на 3D сфере, потому что она именно такая»] English: It also, as you can see, looks pretty nice. In fact, a stylized version of this projection is used as the logo for the, uh, UN. Because they're in on it. Obviously. The most notable things about this map: the North Pole is now *directly* in the center of the Earth, and...instead of there being a South Pole anywhere, it's now encircling the entire Earth in a giant wall of ice. Now, I know you're thinking: "does this map hold any water?" And the answer is: "That's what the ice is for!" By the way, does that mean global warming is now, like, way, way worse? Because, like... ...if the ice wall melted, all the water would flow out, and...we'd all die of...No-Water-Itis. I mean, on...on Globe Earth, we'd all just drown and then boil instead. YAAAAAAAAAAAY!!!!!! Another "feature" of this map is that what used to be the Southern Hemisphere is now much further away from *itself*, as it were. Russian: К тому же, как вы видите, выглядит достаточно неплохо. Кстати, стилизованная версия этой проекции используется на логотипе ООН. Потому что они тоже с этим связаны. Очевидно. Самое примечательное на этой карте: Северный полюс теперь находится прямо в центре Земли, и... вместо Южного полюса, он теперь просто охватывает всю Землю, как огромная ледяная стена. Я знаю, что вы сейчас думаете: «Выдерживает ли эта карта критику?» [Буквально значит «Удержит ли она воду?»] И ответ — «Лёд именно это и делает!» Кстати, значит ли это, что глобальное потепление теперь гораздо-гораздо страшнее? Потому что, ну там... ... если ледяная стена растает, то вся вода выльется наружу, и... мы все умрём от... «безводницита». Я хочу сказать, что... на круглой Земле мы бы все вместо этого просто утонули и сварились заживо. УРААААААААААА!!!!!!!! Ещё одна «особенность» этой карты в том, что то, что раньше было южным полушарием, теперь как бы дальше от самого себя. English: Australia is now *much* further away from Africa or South America. And...also, everything is increasingly distorted the further out you get. Australia is now much, much wider than it used to be, even though people have actually measured Australia, and it's about as long as it is wide. But clearly Sobek got to those guys too. How does this affect travel? Because... Obviously, now that all the shapes and distances are very different, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, surely, flight plans would be affected by this? They'd have to account for the non-curvature of the Earth and everything being in a different place. Well, luckily, this is something Mark Sargent and the clever Disc Boys at the Flat Earth Society say actually makes MORE sense on a flat Earth! MMMMMMMMM?! Here's a video entitled: "The Earth is FLAT ~The planes help to prove the plane". It's got over 900,000 views. Russian: Австралия теперь намного дальше от Африки и Южной Америки. И... к тому же, всё ещё более искажено в зависимости от дистанции. Австралия теперь намного-намного шире, чем раньше. несмотря на то, что люди вообще-то раньше измеряли Австралию, и её длина и ширина примерно одинаковы. Но очевидно Собек и до них добрался. Как это влияет на передвижение? Потому что... Очевидно, теперь, когда все фигуры и расстояния очень отличаются, особенно в южном полушарии, это, несомненно, как-то повлияет на перелёты? Нужно было бы учесть не кривизну Земли и то, что всё стало на разные места. Что же, к счастью, Марк Сарджент и одарённые ДИСКОЁБЫ из общества плоской Земли говорят, что всё это даже ЛОГИЧНЕЕ на плоской Земле! ХМММММММ?! Часть 5: КАК АВИАКОМПАНИИ РАБОТАЮТ?!?! Вот видео под названием: «Земля — ПЛОСКАЯ~Самолёты доказывают плоскость» [Игра слов: planes (самолёты) и plane (плоскость)] У него более 900,000 просмотров. English: This is the video that I would say is something of an improvement on the arguments that Mark Sargent makes in his video, entitled: "Long Haul". The arguments are still wrong, but they're made better, so points for that. Plus, that pun. I mean, oh boy. He looks up trips from Sydney, Australia, to Santiago, Chile, and notes that getting there requires multiple stops at other airports that are relatively out of the way and inefficient on the Globe Model, but on the Flat Earth Model, they form an almost straight line. - [rollingthunder42] You have to actually get up into the Northern Hemisphere and then come back down. So, that doesn't make any sense. So, I mapped it on the Flat Earth map, and...whoa! - [Hbomb] (VERY IMPRESSED) "Whoa." This is a huge thing for Flat Earthers, because, unlike all the stuff they have to just ignore or prove is a big lie that didn't happen, this is something which, supposedly, proves that the Flat Earth Model is true. Mark Sargent says this is the thing you should start with if you're trying to explain the whole thing to someone. Russian: Это видео, я бы сказал, что-то вроде усовершенствованной версии аргументов, которые Марк Сарджент приводит в своём видео под названием: «Длинный Путь». Аргументы всё ещё неверны, но построены гораздо лучше, и это уже похвально. Плюс этот каламбур, ну же! Он находит рейсы из Сиднея - Австралия, в Сантьяго - Чили, и указывает на то, что для того, чтобы туда добраться, надо сделать многочисленные остановки в отдалённых аэропортах, и хотя это нелогично на шаре, на плоской Земле они формируют чуть ли не прямую линию. [rollingthunder42] «Вам по сути надо лететь в северное полушарие и потом обратно вниз. То есть, в этом нет никакого смысла. И я обозначил это на плоской карте и... вау!» «Вау» Этот пример очень важен для сторонников Плоской Земли, потому что, в отличие от других аргументов, которые им приходится попросту игнорировать или называть ложью и что такого не было — это то, что, предположительно, доказывает, что Земля — плоская. Марк Сарджент говорит, что если вы кому-то пытаетесь всё это объяснить, именно с этого и нужно начинать. English: - [Sargent] If you are looking to show someone how to view the Flat Earth from a practical point of view, *this* is the example I would use. - [Hbomb] (WEARY) Mark, you could have *started* with that and not waited until Part 7, like, an hour in. Please, hire an editor! There are so many counterpoints to this, I don't know where to start, really. I suppose we should start with It makes far more business sense for airlines to offer shorter connecting flights that can be used as part of a wider trip than ONE direct flight to the ONE place that ONE group of people might happen to go. You know airports aren't magic? Like, it takes a certain amount of time for a plane to take off and land on a runway, and there's only so many runways. You think London City Airport, with its miniscule, piddly little has the time to furnish flights to Chile? What...what are you...what are you talking about, mate?! That said, that doesn't mean that long-distance flights like this never happen. There's actually a direct flight from Sydney to Santiago: Qantas QF27. It goes non-stop and takes *way* less time than the non-direct routes. On a Flat Earth map, QF27 would take far *longer* than the supposedly direct paths, Russian: [Сарджент] «Если вы хотите показать кому-либо, как работает плоская Земля с практической точки зрения, это тот пример, который я бы привёл» Марк, ты бы с этого и начал, а не ждал до 7-ой части ну, почти целый час. Пожалуйста, найми редактора! Здесь можно привести столько контраргументов, что я даже не знаю, с чего начать. Пожалуй, стоит начать с... ЛОГИСТИКИ С точки зрения бизнеса, авиакомпаниям гораздо проще объединить несколько коротких рейсов, чтобы доставить вас к пункту назначения, вместо того, чтобы организовывать ОДИН длинный рейс именно той ОДНОЙ группе людей, которые могут лететь в одно и то же место. Вы ведь понимаете, что аэропорты не резиновые? Ну, нужно определённое количество времени, чтобы самолёт взлетел и приземлился на полосе, а есть лишь ограниченное количество полос. Вы думаете, что аэропорт Лондон-Сити, с его малюсенькими, ничтожными ссаными полосами будет ждать рейсов в Чили? Что... о чём ты... о чём ты говоришь, друг мой?! И всё же это не значит, что длинных рейсов никогда не бывает. Вообще-то есть и прямой рейс от Сиднея до Сантьяго: Qantas QF27. Он летит напрямую и занимает гораздо меньше времени, чем непрямые рейсы. На плоской Земле, QF27 занял бы гораздо больше времени, чем те так называемые прямые рейсы, Russian: и кроме того, расстояние было бы настолько огромным, что у самолёта не хватило бы топлива и он рухнул бы в океан. [«Примерно здесь находится куча самолетов»] Что говорит этот парень насчёт этого рейса или рейса лишь с одной остановкой, который не идёт по прямой линии на карте плоской Земли? Ну, этот рейс вообще-то указан в его списке. По этой улике я и обнаружил, что такие рейсы существуют. [rollingthunder42] «Но я не думаю, что этот рейс настоящий. Эм, по нему можно лететь лишь по понедельникам, средам и субботам, к тому же ... чтобы как бы навести вас на то, чтобы вы летели по другому пути» Он и правда сказал, что они... не существуют. [rollingthunder42] «Я не думаю, что какой-либо из этих двух рейсов — настоящие. Эм, они просто здесь для того... эм, чтобы такие парни как я обо всём не догадались» Он видит подлую уловку Qantas насквозь... продать билеты на СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЙ рейс. Можно... можно ПРОВЕРИТЬ... есть... ЗАПИСЬ ПОЛЁТА! Слушайте, зачем бы Qantas всё это делали лишь ради того, что бы люди думали, что Земля — это шар?! English: and also, the distance would be so much longer that the plane would run out of fuel and crash in the ocean. How does this guy deal with the existence of this flight or a flight with just one connection that doesn't go the direct route on a Flat Earth map? Well, they actually *do* pop up on his flight tracker. That's the first clue I found to these flights existing. - [rollingthunder42] But I don't think this flight ever takes off. Uh, it's available only Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, also. ..to kind of pinch you out and make you do something different. - [Hbomb] He *actually* says that they're not...real. - [rollingthunder42] I don't think either one of these two flights are real. Um, they're just kind of there to... um, keep guys like me from figuring this shit out. - [Hbomb] He sees through Qantas' dastardly trick to... sell tickets to a plane THAT'S REAL. You can...you can WATCH...there's...FOOTAGE OF THE FLIGHT! Look, why would Qantas do all of this just to make people think that the Earth was a globe?! Russian: К... Какую они извлекают из этого выгоду? Типа, в чём?.. Я... Я не понимаю! Этот чувак так же пытается привести в пример Йоханнесбург и Перт. [rollingthunder42] «И, опять же, мы видим лишь один перелёт без остановок» Почти как будто бы... есть причины, так мало рейсов с прямыми перелетами... как будто. [rollingthunder42] «Вот эти два, обозначенные чёрным цветом... это, эм, прямой рейс в Перт, но я пометил их чёрным цветом потому, что так же не думаю, что они существуют» О нет, конечно нет. Хотя я даже лично общался с человеком, который летел этим рейсом, но какая разница! Может этот человек участник заговора. А может и я участник заговора! ДА ЗДРАВСТВУЕТ СОБЕК! Нам нужно, чтобы все верили, что Земля — шар! Тогда мы сможем... Эм, хм, подождите-ка. Одну секундочку... *набирает номер* — Ага, ещё разок, зачем мы это всё делаем? — Эээээ, я думал, что это было бы забавно. Когда он обозначает так называемые «более прямые» рейсы на плоской Земле, и под «обозначает» English: W... what do they get from that? Like, what's the...? I... (PERPLEXED) I don't understand! The guy tries to do Johannesburg to Perth, too. - [rollingthunder42] And, once again, we only have one non-stop. -[Hbomb] (WHISPERING) Almost as if there's...reasons why you wouldn't have that many flights going that one direct flight...almost. - [rollingthunder42] Uh, these two in black...this is, uh, non-stop that they have to Perth, but the reason I put these in black is because I don't think they exist either. - [Hbomb] Oh, no, of course not. I mean, I've actually met someone who's been on that flight, but whatever! Maybe they're in on it too. Maybe I'M in on it, too. HAIL, SOBEK! We need to keep everyone thinking the Earth is a globe! That way we can... Um, uh, hang on. One second... *phone dials* Yeah, why are we doing this again? - [Lord Sobek the Bountiful] Ehhh, I thought it would be funny. - [Hbomb] When he maps those supposed "more direct" trips he found onto the Flat Earth, and by Russian: я имею в виду, рисует хреновые кривые линии, которые нисколько не совпадают с траекторией полётов, одна из которых так же нелогична и на карте плоской Земли. Она идёт аж до самого Сиднея, прежде чем разворачивается и направляется обратно в Перт. [rollingthunder42] «Вот, это все полёты до Сиднея. И так, похоже, что путь до Сиднея всё ещё выглядит довольно длинным. Хм, ну кто знает? Может... может и эта карта неточная. Кто знает? Я не знаю» *не выдерживает* Ммм хмм? МММ ХММ? МОЖЕТ!.. Может... ЭТА КАРТА. ПЛОСКОЙ ЗЕМЛИ. НЕТОЧНАЯ. МОЖЕТ БЫТЬ ОНА— ...может быть... Часть 6: ГДЕ ЖЕ ИЗГИБ? А, ну вот же он Ещё одно явление, о котором дискутируют сторонники плоской Земли — это изгиб земной поверхности. Ну ведь, если она плоская, значит изгиба не может быть, верно? Что же, я думаю, она могла бы быть хоть немного дугообразной, но об этом они почему-то не говорят. [Изображение: Кто-то не понимает Пифагора, *но* пытается использовать его теорему, чтобы доказать, что Земля плоская, и изображает это на всратых схемах] Их главный метод в этом деле — фоткать горизонт или обсуждать видеозаписи с видом на горизонт и говорить: «НУ ЧТО ЖЕ, Я ТУТ НИКАКОГО ИЗГИБА НЕ ВИЖУ!» English: I mean "draws shit, squiggly lines that in no way match up with the flight plans", one of them doesn't make sense on the Flat Earth either. It goes all the way out of the way to Sydney before it doubles back and heads to Perth. - [rollingthunder42] Uh, these are all the flights to Sydney. So, it still looks like a pretty long shot to Sydney. Um, but who knows? Maybe...maybe *this* map isn't even correct. Who knows? I don't know. - [Hbomb] (GIGGLING) mmm hmm? MMM HMM? MAYBE...! Maybe... THIS MAP. OF THE FLAT EARTH. ISN'T. CORRECT. MAYBE IT'S TH— (LAUGHS) ...maybe... (CHORTLES) Another thing Flat Earthers dispute is the curvature of the Earth. I mean, if it's flat, it can't be curved, can it? Well, I guess it could be slightly convex, but they don't bring that up for some reason. The main way they do this consists of filming horizons or finding footage of horizons and saying: "WELL, I DON'T SEE A CURVE!" English: Which, uh, you can't see the curvature that close to the ground. Perspective doesn't work that way. And then they go on to assert that all footage that *does* show a curvature from high up is faked, either on purpose by, like, movie studios working for NASA, or accidentally, through flaws in camera equipment. Some types of wide-angle camera lenses distort perspective, and almost all small action cameras, like GoPros, have very wide-angle lenses to film as much as possible. The assertion Flatties then make is: "Well, the appearance of a curvature is therefore the result of looking at the flat horizon with *these* lenses, and if you correct the footage, the Earth is *clearly* actually flat, Like in this video by the channel called "Flat Earth", although, apparently, its original name was "TheMrKingTuts"...? *Someone* rebranded. (MARIK ISHTAR VOICE) Where's the curvature of the Earth? NONE OF YOU CAN DEBUNK *THIS* VIDEO! Anyone with half a brain can see how they use deceptive wide-angle fish-eye lenses to deceive you—" (NORMAL VOICE ) You can't use the word "deceive" twice in a sentence. That just doesn't scan. Oh, and in keeping with Flat Earthers' just copying each other all the time, this video is literally just taken from another channel. Russian: Что, эм... мы не можем видеть изгиб, когда находимся так близко к земле. Перспектива работает не так. И потом они заходят дальше и заявляют, что весь видеоматериал, который показывает изгиб — фальшивка, сфабрикованная либо нарочно всякими, ну там, киностудиями, которые работают на НАСА, либо это ошибка, возникающая из-за искажений в видеоаппаратуре. Некоторые виды ширококадровых камерных линз искажают перспективу, и почти все мелкие экшн камеры, как GoPro, у которых очень широкие линзы, чтобы захватить в кадр как можно больше. Плосколюбы приводят следующий пример: «Ну, мы видим изгиб потому, что смотрим на плоский горизонт через эти линзы, и если отредактировать ролик, то Земля очевидно плоская» ["правильные" кадры] Как, например, в этом видео от канала под названием «Плоская Земля», хотя, судя по всему, его оригинальное название было "TheMrKingTuts"?.. Похоже, кое-кто решил провести ребрендинг. «Где же изгиб Земли? НИ ОДИН ИЗ ВАС НЕ СМОЖЕТ ОСПОРИТЬ ЭТО ВИДЕО!» «Любой, у которого варит хотя бы половина головы, может увидеть, как они используют обманывающие ширококадровые линзы, чтобы обмануть вас~» Нельзя использовать слово «обмануть» дважды в том же предложении. Это моветон. [Зум на «варит хотя бы половина головы»] А, и поскольку плоскоземельщики просто копируют друг у друга материал, это видео было буквально взято с чужого канала. Russian: Что ж, по моему мнению, тут плоскоземельщики по-настоящему близко подобрались к, ну, некой правде. Вот небольшой эксперимент, который я провёл со своим старым GoPro. Широкие линзы GoPro позволяют видеть многое всего в одном кадре. [«Музей секса»] Похоже, она захватила даже мусор, который, как я был уверен, не попадёт в кадр, и поэтому не убрал. [«видно клочок конверта, в котором прислали мой налоговый счёт»] Однако перспектива при этом искажена. Могу вас заверить, что пол у меня плоский и не прогибается. Я медленно двигаю GoPro к этой ничем не примечательной открытке из музея секса, [«Стороны прямые, не прогибаются»] мы можем видеть, что искажение становится всё заметнее. [«стороны открытки всё больше прогибаются в стороны»] Прекрасный радужный флаг испорчен! Выглядит так, как будто его потрогал Грэхэм Лайнхэн. Это я держу измерительную ленту, просто для наглядности. Изгиб земли действительно усиливается из-за ширококадровых линз, но, как и в случае с JPEG искажений, нельзя просто нажать кнопку и сказать «ага, значит они были правы!» Это не~ смотрите... Я вам кое-что покажу, используя свои магические навыки редактирования видео. Ну, нет, в видеоредакторах нет волшебной кнопки «Исправить кривые линзы». Если мне приходилось исправлять кривизну линз в материале для ролика, English: Now, in my opinion, this is the actual closest that Flat Earthers have ever got to actually being right about, uh, anything. Here's a quick test I did with my old GoPro. The GoPro's wide lens means it can see a lot at once. In fact, it even saw the trash I was sure would be out of the shot and didn't bother picking up. However, this perspective is distorted. I can tell you right now my floor is flat and doesn't curve downwards here. As I move the GoPro closer to this totally normal-shaped Sex Museum postcard, we can see the distortion become even more exaggerated. The beautiful Pride flag is ruined! It looks like Graham Linehan has touched it. This is me holding a measuring tape, just to give another reference. The curvature of the Earth is definitely susceptible to being exaggerated by wide-angle lenses, but like with JPEG artifacts, you can't just move a slider and say "ah ha it proves them right!" It's not— I'm gonna use my video editing magical skills again to show you something. There isn't, like, a magic "Fix Fisheye Lens" button in a video editor. Whenever I've had to correct fisheye-lens footage for a video. Russian: мне надо для этого применить функцию, которая исправляет искажение, и потом вручную разгладить углы. Это всё очень трудно делать на глаз. Лучший способ решения такой задачи — это найти то, что наверняка является плоским объектом, и тогда корректировать, пока он не будет выглядеть плоским. Видите? Я не просто так использовал ту ленту. Это хитрый трюк! А теперь... Угадайте с трёх раз... какие... из... кадров... используют плоскоземельники... когда они пытаются исправить видео, чтобы доказать, что Земля — плоская... Вы... вы поняли? Очень трудно разглядеть, но отредактированный материал явно слишком неровный, если вы знаете, что искать. На земле некоторые вещи изгибаются в странном направлении лишь чуть-чуть, и, под некоторыми углами во время видео, Земля становится слегка вогнутой. [Odd TV] «Наше повседневное наблюдение за Землей говорит нам о том, что Земля — это плоская и устойчивая поверхность» Я просто хочу отметить, как это было уморительно, когда я первый раз смотрел это видео, и в заставке было сказано «НАШ МИР — ПЛОСКИЙ!» English: I've had to do it by using an effect that corrects distortion and then dialing in the angles manually. And this stuff is really hard to do by eye. The best technique for doing this is to find something you know is *supposed* to be flat and then correct until it *looks* flat. See? That tape turned out to be there for a reason. A clever trick! I'm gonna give you three guesses...what...part...of the footage...Flat Earthers use... when they are trying to correct footage to prove that the Earth is flat... Did you... did you get it? It's hard to see, but the correction is *clearly* too much if you know what to look for. On the ground, certain things curve in weird directions just slightly, and, at certain angles during the video, the earth starts to look slightly *concave*. - [Odd TV] Our daily observations of the Earth are consistent with a flat and stationary surface. - [Hbomb] I just want to acknowledge how fucking funny it was when I was watching this documentary for the first time, and it fades from a thing saying "OUR WORLD IS FLAT!" English: and... it's a wide-angle shot that's not been corrected properly, so it looks like it's curved. It's fucking... it looks like the planet is CONCAVE. How do you fuck it up *this* bad? From this high up, the Earth's curvature would, in fact, *be* visible, but probably *very* slight. You'd have to use a ruler to make sure. But *exactly* how curved it would have been is hard to tell because of the nature of the footage filmed with these lenses. - [Chris Madsen] You know, the reality is: the Earth is flat. You can't actually see the curvature of the Earth from the window of a passenger plane. They don't go high enough to show more than, like, a degree or two, basically. You *can* see the curvature of the horizon, but only from high up, and I mean REALLY high up. Not airline high, not even Mary Jane high, I'm talking U2 high. Come on in here, Not that U2, silly! Ha! We have fun. I mean, of course, the Lockheed U-2, a high-altitude spy plane used by the US government. You might remember the U-2 for: Russian: и потом... оно перешло к ширококадровому снимку, который не отредактировали как следует, поэтому он искажён. Как будто Земля нахуй внутрь вогнута! Как можно было настолько проебаться? На такой огромной высоте изгиб Земли действительно заметен, но скорее всего лишь слегка. Надо приложить линейку для полной уверенности. Но насколько именно она изогнута было бы трудно сказать, из-за того, что видео снято на эти самые линзы. Знаете, дело в том, что Земля — плоская. Вообще-то нельзя увидеть изгиб Земли из окна пассажирского самолёта. Они не залетают достаточно высоко и мы можем видеть лишь изгиб на два или три градуса. Вы можете увидеть изгиб горизонта, но только с очень большой высоты, и я имею в виду ОЧЕНЬ большую высоту. Не на уровне авиакомпаний, и даже не уровне накуренности травкой, я имею в виду на уровне U2. [Несколько игр слов: high (высота) на сленге означает ещё и укуренность; «на уровне U2» в контексте звучит как "too high", то есть «слишком высоко»] Заходите к нам, Боно, Эдж, Адам... Смэйнг?.. [Состав группы U2] Не этот U2, дурачок! Ха. Просто дурачусь. Я имею в виду, конечно, Lockheed U-2, высотный самолёт-разведчик, который использовало правительство США. Возможно вы слышали, что он: Russian: 1. Может летать на высоте 70,000 футов [21,336 м], это в три раза выше, чем коммерческий самолёт! 2. Множество раз нарушал международные законы! 3. Был уличён в том, что множество раз нарушал международные законы, потому что он оказался не очень хорошим разведчиком! 4. Его сбил Советский Союз в 1960! 5. Его множество раз сбивали в 1962 году во времена Карибского кризиса и он использовался во время Холодной Войны, что чуть ли не обернулось полномасштабной ядерной войной! К счастью, правительство США больше не шпионит нелегально за территориями чужих стран с помощью дерьмового самолёта, который легко заметить, с 197~, простите... 198~ погодите, постойте... *гуглит* ОНИ ВСЁ ЕЩЁ ЕГО ИСПОЛЬЗУЮТ!!! [Заголовок: «Американский U-2 — всё ещё шпионит за врагами Америки (уже почти 60 лет)»] Вот Джеймс Мэй, наименее раздражающий мужик из Top Gear, летает на таком. Вы можете видеть, что на средней высоте полёта, горизонт более-менее плоский. Я надеюсь, что этот ранний снимок полностью плоского горизонта показывает, что линзы тут ничего не искажают. Когда он подымается на максимальную высоту, в атмосфере уже невозможно дышать, а небо становится чёрным. На такой высоте мы можем наблюдать, насколько... ослепительно красива наша маленькая голубая планета, но также и небольшой, однако заметный изгиб на горизонте. English: 1. It's operating height of 70,000 feet [21,336 m], almost three times the height of a commercial aircraft! 2. Violating international law numerous times! 3. Getting caught violating international law numerous times when it turned out it wasn't very good at spying! 4. Getting shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960! 5. Getting shot shot down in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis and contributing to the Cold War nearly escalating into full-scale nuclear war! Luckily, the US government gave up on illegally spying on other nations with a shit plane they can see in 197—, sorry... 198— wait, hang on... *googles it* THEY'RE *STILL* USING IT!!! Here's James May, the least shit guy from Top Gear, taking a ride in one. You can see that at You can see that, at conventional airplane heights, the horizon is fairly flat. Hopefully, this early shot of the horizon looking really flat establishes that the lenses aren't distorting anything here. As he reaches the maximum height, the atmosphere stops being breathable, and the sky starts to turn black. At the higher altitudes, we can finally see both the... *staggering* beauty of our little, blue world, but also a slight, yet pronounced, curve on the horizon. English: So, I think it's fair to say that, in conclusion: "Ha haa, the Earth's curved slightly! I win!" This has just been a brief rundown of the Flat Earth points that I feel are, at least, *more* credible than the rest. They get increasingly weird and tangential from here on out. For example, almost all Flat Earthers say that the Moon Landing was faked, because, if we actually went to the Moon and took pictures of the Earth, and it showed that the Earth was a globe because it's in different positions in different pictures... Pbbbth, we can't have done *that*! So, the Moon Landing has to all be faked with the extra caveat that goes on top of the regular Moon Landing conspiracies, which is that it was all done simply to make people think the Earth was round for some reason. They try and counter the fact that you can't see things on the other side of the horizon by claiming that cameras with long enough zoom lenses, like the Nikon P900, can actually show things that should be *behind* the horizon, which, uh... ...no. (SNICKERS) That's not what's happening! The camera can see *further* than your disgusting human eyes! Russian: Значит, из этого можно сделать вывод, что: «Ха-ха, земля слегка изогнута! Я выиграл!» Это был краткий список аргументов в пользу плоской Земли, которые, как я считаю, хоть немного более убедительные, чем остальные. Чем дальше, тем они становятся всё страннее и запутаннее. Например, почти все плоскоземельщики говорят, что полёт на Луну — это обман, потому что если бы мы взаправду слетали на Луну и сделали фото Земли, это бы доказало, что Земля — это шар, потому что на разных фото она видна с разных сторон... Пффф, значит, такого быть не могло! Получается, высадка на Луну должна быть полностью сфабрикована ещё и с большей убеждённостью — прибавим ряд теорий заговора, связанных с высадкой на Луну, и всё это было проделано ради того, чтобы заставить людей поверить, что Земля это шар, по непонятной причине. Они пытаются спорить с тем, что мы не можем видеть другую сторону горизонта потому, что камеры с достаточно дальновидными линзами, такими как Nikon P900, вообще-то должны показывать то, что может находиться за горизонтом, что, ну... ...нет. Это не то, что происходит! Камера может видеть дальше, чем ваши отвратительные человеческие глаза! English: Which...I thought the point was they were the only things you could trust! But no, apparently, *now* we're supposed to trust the Globeheads at Nick-On! I've pronounced that company's name *both* of the ways that people pronounce it now! So, *everyone* gets to yell at me! Also, Mark Sargent has *actually* said this! He thinks that the Moon gives off its own "cold light" which makes things colder, and therefore proves that the Moon isn't just a rock floating in space. It's part of the big "firmament" that some Flat Earthers think— Just one second. Arranging this to be in the shot properly makes it actually really hard to dial. I want you to appreciate that. - [Popular Gaming YouTuber UpIsNotJump] Hello. [Unpopular YouTuber Hbomberguy] Hi there! Is that popular gaming YouTuber UpIsNotJump who also, incidentally, has a *Master's* in Chemistry??? - [Competent YouTuber UpIsNotJump] Yep! This is the third time I'm recording this, because I got my lines wrong the first time, and then the microphone wasn't on— - [Frail YouTuber Hbomberguy] (HAGGARD COUGHING) Excuse me. Uh, can moonlight make things cold? - [Smart YouTuber UpIsNotJump] No! Russian: Что... они приводят как пример того, чему точно можно доверять! Но нет, похоже что в этот раз мы должны поверить шароёбам из Nick-On! Теперь я озвучил оба варианта произношения названия этой компании! Что значит, что каждый желающий сможет меня обругать! К тому же, Марк Сарджент и сам так сказал! Он думает, что Луна источает свой собственный «холодный свет», отчего всё вокруг охлаждается и это доказывает, что Луна — не просто висящий в космосе камень. Это часть большого «небесного свода», который по мнению сторонников плоской Земли ~ Секундочку. Мне очень трудно было подключить телефон так, чтобы вы видели, как я набираю. Я хочу, чтобы вы это оценили. — Алло. — Приветик! — Этот тот самый популярный Ютюб-геймер UpIsNotJump, который при этом имеет научную степень по химии??? — Ага! — Я уже в третий раз это записываю, поскольку в первый раз перепутал текст, а потом микрофон забыл включить~ *пытается скрыть всё кашлем* — Извини. Эм, может ли лунный свет что-либо охлаждать? — Нет! English: The Moon reflects light from the Sun, and the intrinsic property of waves is, basically: all waves have energy because they have a frequency. It's just...the nature of...the universe. - [Pleased YouTuber Hbomberguy] Oh, okay! Cool! Thanks! Great, that was easy! Uh, bye! [Unsure YouTuber UpIsNotJump] Wait, wait.... You don't want me to do a...funny sketch or something? I can...I can do a joke here. - [Disinterested Youtuber Hbomberguy] Nah. The video's looking too long already. I decided to leave in the tangent about fighter jets, so it's...probably not worth it. - [Desperate YouTuber UpIsNotJump] No, wait! Don't go! I can... I can prove mathematically that this is the correct way— - [Rude YouTuber Hbomberguy] (HANGS UP) This all, I feel, leads to a necessary and important question: if all of the evidence for the Flat Earth is so... well, easy to throw out, ...why do people *actually* believe it? Because they're stupid. Bye! (YOUTUBE SHILLING) Would you like to build a beautiful website easily...........? Good! So would I! No no no no no. No, we're not actually gonna do that. That would be unreasonably rude. Russian: Луна лишь отражает солнечный свет, и у всех волн есть общее свойство: все волны заряжены энергией, потому что у них есть частоты. Это то... как устроена... наша вселенная. — А, ясно! Круто! Спасибо! Здорово, это было легко! Эм, пока! — Погоди-ка... Ты не хочешь записать... смешной скетч или что-то вроде того? Я тут могу... могу шутку вставить. — Да не. Видео и так затянулось. Я решил оставить сюжет про истребители, так что... это того не стоит. — Нет, погоди! Не вешай трубку! Я могу...я могу математически доказать, что это способ верно~ Это всё, как мне кажется, ведёт к очень нужному и важному вопросу: если все доказательства плоской Земли так легко... ну, легко опровергнуть, ...почему люди всерьёз в это верят? Часть 7: Почему люди верят в очевидную ложь? Потому, что они тупые. Пока! Хотели бы узнать о простом способе создать шикарный веб-сайт? Круто! Я тоже! Не-не-не-не-не. Нет, мы не будем так поступать. Это было бы очень грубо. English: Let's take these people a bit more seriously than that. Some of them are clearly very knowledgeable. Some of them have, like, big, important degrees in serious fields. They know way much more than I do about all kinds of actually useful things. Uh, some of them take evidence very seriously, clearly, and they believe in the scientific method. Not all of them. Some of them are not...actually very knowledgeable about anything and seem to think Donald Trump, uh... is...is a genius, and...also, he's THEIR GUY! And he secretly knows the Earth *is* flat and he's gonna EXPOSE NASA! I suppose it would be disingenuous not to talk briefly about the really weird people. In fact, the misogyny thing, in specific, is really surprising. One of Mark Sargent's inner sphere—sorry, "circle"—Patricia Steere, gets a *lot* of hate from other factions of Flat Earthers for supposedly just being in it to be popular. Or some go even so far as to say she's actually a secret CIA plant designed to make Flat Earth look bad and/or trick...people with her appearance into...making them believe the...wrong version of Flat Earth...? Uh... Russian: Давайте проявим к этим людям чуть больше уважения. Некоторые из них действительно очень хорошо осведомлены. У некоторых из них есть даже, ну, большие, важные дипломы в серьёзных областях науки. Они намного больше знают о по-настоящему полезных вещах, чем я. Некоторые из них очень серьёзно исследуют улики, как мы это видим, и верят в научный метод. Не каждый из них. Некоторые не... очень хорошо осведомлены о чём-либо, и думают, что Дональд Трамп... [Мем: Когда ты заряжаешь по шароёбу фактами и у него наступает когнитивный диссонанс: "маи сферачки"] это... это гений, и... к тому же, он С НИМИ ЗАОДНО! И он тоже в тайне знает, что Земля плоская, и он выведет НАСА на ЧИСТУЮ ВОДУ! [Мем: мужик, его собака и его прекрасная трампистская плоская Земля. Какая прелесть! Заголовок статьи: Трамп говорит, что не верит отчёту правительства США об изменении климата. Комментарий: Трамп — умнейший из исследователей плоской Земли, а все эти шароёбы из НАСА заблуждаются, мы можем доверять только ему] Я думаю, было бы нечестно с моей стороны не упомянуть и совсем уж странных людей. [«Плоская Земля вчера! Плоская Земля сегодня! Плоская Земля завтра!»] Женоненавистничество, например, очень шокирует. [«Если ты мать-одиночка, ты уже исполнила свой долг (родить ребенка). И никакой мужчина тебя не захочет по-настоящему, и ты заслуживаешь быть одной. Бесполезная неудачница»] Один из людей со сферы влияния, простите, «окружения» Марка Сарджента — Патриция Стир — подвержена огромному количеству ненависти со стороны других членов общества плоской Земли. Из-за того, что она как бы принимает участие лишь потому, что, предположительно, хочет прославиться. Или некоторые и вообще говорят, что она — тайный агент ЦРУ, миссия которого — очернить репутацию общества плоской Земли, либо обмануть... людей своей внешностью, чтобы... они поверили в... неправильную версию плоской Земли?.. Гхм... Russian: [Автор с ником «Ужасная правда»] «Да откройте же вы свои ебучие глаза. Все они — ёбаные марионетки Сатаны! Да, вот почему они так часто показывают это по ТВ, они знают, что из ЦРУ в Ютюб назначили агента, который отвлекает народные массы, желающие познать истину! Да, Земля плоская, но в это нельзя верить, когда про говорят эти содомиты. [Комментарий бомбергая: «самая нормальная фраза на свете»] Конечно, они ведут нас не в ту сторону. Проснитесь, мать вашу! Вот она, ваша "Патриция Спир"! Это агент из ЦРУ! 100%!» Если честно, даже те, кто на стороне Патриции Стир, ведут себя очень странно. Даже сам Марк записал видео, посвящённое тому, насколько красивой он её считает, ну, и это... это... нормально! Нет ничего плохого в том, что ты считаешь кого-либо привлекательным! Это нормально — но... немного странно, ну, записывать видео про то, что ты считаешь её красивой, верно? Однако это ещё не так плохо, как то, что люди считают её «тайным агентом правительства», цель которого осквернить репутацию сообщества плоской Земли. Или люди, которые рассматривают её фото вблизи, потому что подозревают, что она транс-женщина?.. English: - [MAG UGLY TRUTH] You better wake your ass up. All of them is fucking Satanic puppets! Yes, that's why they flash this one on TV, knowing that a body was put there by the CIA on YouTube to distract the masses that want to learn the truth! Yes, the Earth is flat, but you can never take it from these sodomites! Of course, they go lead in the wrong direction. Wake your ass up! There go your "patricia speere" right there! It is a plant by the C.I.A.! 100%! -[Hbomb] Frankly, even the people who like Patricia are *super weird* about it. I mean, Mark himself made a video just dedicated to how pretty he thinks she is, which, like, it... It's... it's fine! It's okay to find someone attractive! That's okay—but... it's a bit weird to, like, make a video about how pretty you think she is, right? Ugh. Still not as bad as the people who think that she's a "Deep State plant" designed to make Flat-Earther-ism look bad, though. Or the people zooming in on every picture of her face they can find in order to speculate that she's a... secret trans woman...? English: - [The Limitless Channel] And I know what a 44-year-old female looks like. You are... a 20-something— - [Hbomb] Being a woman in a conspiracy theorist movement is apparently grounds to have your body, history, goals, agenda—every single tiny thing about you—speculated upon. You know, I try and jokingly make fun of people when people act weird on the Internet. I keep it light. But honestly, this stuff is so fucking disgusting. I'm not even gonna make a joke here. Patricia's wrong about the Earth being flat, but she deserves to be in a movement that's better than this shit. Come on, guys! To be honest, the people treating Patricia like that and the people being mega racist on Flat Earth Facebook pages seem to me like the real "plants designed to make Flat-Earther-ism look bad". They don't make it look as bad as *this* guy does, though. - [Hbomb] Aw, no! Everyone's gonna think I'm trying to misrepresent Flat Earthers as misogynist and— Russian: [The Limitless Channel] «И я знаю, как выглядит 44-летняя женщина. Ты... выглядишь на 20 с лишним...» Являться женщиной в обществе теории заговора — очевидно, повод для всех сомневаться в твоём теле, судьбе, цели, намерениях — каждой крохотной детали. Как вы знаете, я пытаюсь шутить о людях, когда они странно ведут себя в интернете. Не более. Но, если честно, всё это просто отвратительно. Я тут даже шутить не буду. Патриция ошибается в том, что Земля — плоская, но она заслуживает лучшего сообщества, чем это дерьмо. Ну, как так можно! Если честно, люди, которые оскорбляют Патрицию, и все те расисты на странице плоской Земли в Фейсбуке больше похожи на тех, кого «подослали в общество плоской Земли для того, чтобы очернить её репутацию» Однако даже они не сравнятся с этим парнем. [Eric Dubay] «Я лечу. С песней. Для твоей мамаши. Скажи ей, что Земля — плоская, и что у неё классная задница. Скажи ей, что я приготовил шлепок для её сыночка. И что она жирная, как сучки из Ренессанса. Скажи всё это ей и вот ещё что, что ты — сын шлюхи...» О, нет! Все подумают, что я неверно выставляю сторонников плоской Земли женоненавистниками, и~ Russian: Не то, что бы сторонники плоской земли по сути своей ненавидели женщин! Ладно? Просто... ЭТО ПРОСТО СОВПАДЕНИЕ, ЧТО ИХ ТАК МНОГО! [Eric Dubay] «Разве я не прав! Земля нахуй плоская! Холокост — это ложь. Гитлер — клёвый чувак, а не злодей. Талмудские евреи владеют нашим разумом» Уф, он просто не мог не вспомнить Гитлера, правда? Господи. Ооо, именно это убедит всех в его правоте! Хм, как интересно. За два дня до того, как я хотел выложить это видео, его канал был удалён с Ютюба. Хм, интересно почему. Наверное, мы так никогда и не узнаем... Часть 9: Плоская Земля испортила мои рекомендации, и ВЫ будете страдать вместе со мной! Прекрасно, я ещё и нечаянно забрёл на дерьмовую сторону Ютюба. Ты щёлкаешь на лишь ОДНО видео вегана-плоскоземельника-неонациста-рэпера~ Мне пришлось это произнести, но это всё — правда! И теперь в моих рекомендациях полно очень СТРАННЫХ людей, для которых общество плоской Земли — это пристанище для какой-то очень глубокой, экзистенциальной пустоты, и которые снимают, как они ходят среди толпы, спрашивая, думают ли люди, что Земля плоская... на парковке Buffalo Wild Wings, и... кричат на людей в баре. English: Flat Earthers don't inherently disrespect women! Okay? It's just... A LOT OF THEM *HAPPEN* TO! - [Hbomb] Aw, he couldn't wait to bring Hitler up, could he? Geez. Ooo, *that'll* make his beliefs seem credible. Pbbth! Oh, that's surprising. Like, two days before this video was going to go online, that guy's channel got deleted by YouTube. Huh, I wonder why. I guess it will always remain a mystery... Oh great, I accidentally went to the shitty side of YouTube. You click on ONE vegan Flat Earth neo-Nazi rapper— (LAUGHS) I just had to say that phrase, but it's all true! And now my recommendations are full of the really WEIRD people, who seem a BIT like they might be using Flat Earth as a refuge for some kind of deep, existential emptiness, and film themselves walking around in public, asking people if they think the Earth is flat in a...Buffalo Wild Wings parking lot, and...yelling at people at a bar. English: -[Jake the Asshole] You're saying that he...he DIPS HIS...HE DIPS HIS NOSE DOWN?! - [Random victim #1] I'm done with this, I'm done with this. This is SILLY, dude. This is hilarious. - [Jake the Asshole] But you don't know how?! You see there? I tried to have a conversation, and, of course, they don't like it because they start losing the argument...'cause they can't make any real points. - [Hbomb] Ah, my favourite kind of reasonable debate: the kind where you walk up to someone in public with a camera and demand they debunk Flat Earth. He seems to be following the Ben Shapiro strategy of making videos, where you give it a title, like: "Ohhhh, I kicked their asses with my Smart Boy Brain!" ...and then you actually watch it, and it's them making a complete ass of themselves. - [Fabulous proprietor] Thank you very much, have a great night. You're disturbing our guests. - [Jake the Asshole] OKAY! - [Fabulous proprietor] Byyyyye! - [Jake the Asshole] IT'S GOING UP ONLINE!!!!!!1one 26000 SUBSCRIBERS!!!!11 - [Hbomb] (MOCKING) "You think you can destroy ME??? WELL, I'LL HAVE YOU KNOW"— (CRACKS UP) fuck... Jesus Christ. - [Jake the Asshole] Anyway, I think this was a productive day. - [Hbomb] (GIGGLES HYSTERICALLY) Oh God, in this one video he's got a Lunar Lander shirt on...that he's made...? "Lunar Module? Or Homeless Tweaker'z Shelter?" Russian: — Ты говоришь, что он...он ОПУСКАЕТ СВОЙ...СВОЙ НОС?! — Я не хочу больше об этом. Это очень СМЕШНО, чувак. Это уморительно. — Но ты не знаешь как?! — «Ты выставляешь себя идиотом» *— мой кумир* «Видите? Я пытался вести диалог, и, конечно, им это не нравится, потому что они проигрывают... потому что не могут привести конкретных тезисов» Ах, мой любимый вид разумного спора: когда ты подходишь к кому-либо на улице с камерой и требуешь, что бы они опровергли плоскую Землю. Он похоже использует тот же метод продвижения своих видосов, что и Бен Шапиро — ты пишешь заголовок типа: «Уффф, я их всех порвал своим Большим Крутым Мозгом!» [Заголовок: шароверов ТРИГГЕРНУЛО от обсуждения плоской Земли] ... и затем ты смотришь сам ролик, и они там выставляют себя полными идиотами. — Спасибо вам большое, доброй ночи. Вы мешаете нашим посетителям. — ОКЕЙ! — Покаааа! — Я ВСЁ ВЫЛОЖУ В ИНТЕРНЕТ!!!!! 26 000 ПОДПИСЧИКОВ!!!!! «Ты думаешь, что можешь одолеть МЕНЯ??? ЧТОЖ, ЗНАЕШЬ ЛИ ТЫ ЧТО»~ сука... Господи. «И вообще, я думаю, что мы провели этот день с пользой» *истеричный смех* О Боже, в одном из его видео он носит майку с... лунным посадочным модулем... которую сделал сам?.. «Лунный модуль? Или жилище бездомного наркомана?" English: And he's going around filming random people on their day off from work, or at work, asking them if they think the Earth is flat, and they keep awkwardly nodding and saying he's right in the hopes he'll go away. - [Jake the Asshole] You ever seen the Earth curving? - [Random victim #2] ...no. Me neither. You know why? It's because the Earth is flat, and it doesn't spin. Look into it. When you get home, go on YouTube and check out the Flat Earth. - [Jake the Asshole] And that spiel, where they say it was, uh, Stanley Kubrick. - [Random victim #3] Okay, yeah, I couldn't remember his name. Jake the Asshole: Kubrick! That was the rumor! Who... whatever it was, it's Hollywood trickery! - [Hbomb] It's SO awkward, and he's SO sure he's owning people and looks smart! I'm getting sympathy anxiety for the people he's talking to. It's just...aaaagh, no, stop it! - [Jake the Asshole] Well, let me ask you this: Do you think that looks more like a lunar module or a homeless tweaker shelter...if you had to pick one... Just, if you had to pick one... - [Hbomb] WHY did he choose such an unwieldy quote to use on the shirt he designed...and then was going to say a lot in a video...?? Russian: И он ходит повсюду, снимает встречных людей, отдыхающих или работающих, и спрашивает, считают ли они, что Земля — плоская, и они неловко кивают и говорят, что он прав, в надежде, что он оставит их в покое. — Вы когда-либо видели изгиб Земли? — ... нет. — Я тоже нет. Знаете почему? Это потому, что Земля — плоская, и не вертится. Призадумайтесь. Когда вернётесь домой, зайдите на Ютюб и зацените плоскую Землю. [«Самое "пожалуйста, отвали" выражение лица, которое я видел у людей»] — И эта болтовня про то, что это был Стэнли Кубрик. — Окей, да, я не мог вспомнить его имя. — Кубрик! Это всё слухи. Кто... кто бы там ни был, это всё голливудский обман! Это НАСТОЛЬКО неловко, и он НАСКОЛЬКО уверен, что переубеждает людей и выглядит умным! Я сочувствую тем, с кем он разговаривает. Это просто... ааааа, нет, прекрати! — Ну, я хочу задать вам один вопрос: — О Боже... — Вы бы сказали, на что это больше похоже: на лунный модуль или на жилище бездомного наркомана... если выбирать одно из двух.... — Вы серьезно это спрашиваете? — Просто выберете одно из двух... ЗАЧЕМ он выбрал такую странную надпись для своей майки... и потом постоянно повторял это в ролике? English: ...WHY is THIS his opening to his convers—? It's... it's SUCH a TERRIBLE shirt! WHY DID HE—?! So I'm wearing a shirt now. I recreated it to try and understand what the deal is, what is going on here, and... Frankly, I still don't get it. It was a complete waste of time. Um, if I ever open a merch store, and you see this shirt on it, uh, it's the one shirt that I made of these. So, um, I'll sign it or something, if you want. PLEASE, do not wear it in public, though. NO ONE will want to be your friend. So yeah. We...we probably should at least acknowledge it. Some of these people believe there's a global—sorry, "flatal"—conspiracy to control the world and... eat everyone's minds. Some of them are misogynist, and some of them are REALLY racist. - [waykiwayki] It could be one of these, uh, bloodlines in this sort of elite. - [Hbomb] Uh, oh, it's the Rothschilds, is it? Oh, okay...uh, that's normal... And some of them are...vegan neo-Nazi rappers! Russian: ...ПОЧЕМУ он начинает диалог с ЭТОГ~? Это...это ТАКАЯ УЖАСНАЯ майка! ЗАЧЕМ ОН~?! Что же, теперь я тоже в ней. Я её воссоздал для того, чтобы понять, в чём же дело, что тут происходит, и... Судя по всему, я всё равно не понимаю. Это была просто трата времени. Если я когда-нибудь открою магазин с мерчем, и вы увидите в нём эту майку — это именно она. Поэтому я, ну, её подпишу или что-то в этом роде, если хотите. Но ПОЖАЛУЙСТА, не выходите в ней на улицу. НИКТО не захочет с вами водиться. Так что да. Мы... мы должны по крайней мере это признать. Некоторые из этих людей верят, что существует ГЛОБА—простите, «ПЛОСКИЙ»—заговор, чтобы контролировать мир, и... пожирать наш разум. Некоторые из них — женоненавистники, и некоторые из них НАСТОЯЩИЕ расисты. [waykiwayki] «Среди некой элиты фигурируют данные родословные» О нет, это Ротшильды, не так ли? А, окей... эм, само собой... А некоторые из них — веганствующие неонацистские рэперы! Russian: Но я уверен, что в КАЖДОМ сообществе есть доля проблематичных людей, которые позорят остальных, и с которыми никто не хочет связываться. Не приходит на ум ни один подобный левый ютубер... УФФ, это я, не так ли? Теперь, когда мы познакомились с... очень, ну... СТРАННЫМИ элементами этого сообщества, всё равно стоит вопрос: почему люди верят, что Земля плоская, если доказательства такие жалкие? Если честно, я вообще плохо разбираюсь в том, зачем люди делают те или иные вещи. Я просто следую указаниям Собека и взамен он следит за тем, чтобы урожай мой был обильным, и моя сперма была нескончаема! Значит придётся обратиться к внешнему источнику, дабы применить «глубокое мышление»! Давайте-ка узнаем, что сам знаменитый Болтунишка-Вразумишка Филл O'Софи Тьюб об этом думает! *неуместная драматичная музыка* *таинственно драматичные звуки поезда* Здорово, Олли! Я тут подумал: что философы думают о людях, которые считают, что Земля — плос~?.. [Кроссовер с видео "Why Does Britain Still Have A Queen?" от Philosophy Tube] Я просто сошлюсь на видео, что ты сделал год назад. Всё окей. English: But I'm sure EVERY movement has its share of problematic people who embarrass everyone else and who they wish would go away. I can't think of any left-wing YouTubers who are like that... OHH, it's ME, isn't it? Dispensing with the...really, sort of...WEIRD elements of the movement, the question still remains: why do people think the Earth is flat if the evidence is so bad? Frankly, I'm not very good at figuring out why other people do things. I just do what Sobek commands me, and, in return, he ensures that my harvest is bountiful, and my sperm is never-ending! So, we're gonna have to turn to an outside source to do all of this "deep thinking" stuff! Let's find out what popular Talky-Thinky Man Phil O'Sophie Toob has to say for himself, shall we? [inappropriately dramatic music] [weirdly dramatic train sounds] [door-knock] Hey, Ollie! I was just wondering: what do philosophers think of people who think the Earth is fl—...? I'll just reference the video you made a year ago. It's fine. English: [flees in terror] [inappropriately dramatic music] [crashes into the North Sea] - [Announcer] Mr. Mark Sargent. [applause, cheers] - [Sargent] For the rest of the scientific community, I come bearing a message: I like science. I always have. I flew here on the back of science. - [Hbomb] Oh, you flew here, did you? I wonder what model of the Earth THE PILOT USED— No...don't be mean.. Don't...sorry, I promised myself I wouldn't be rude to these people. Stop it. Carry on. Just stop it... - [Mark Sargent] You've taken what should have been simple observations and twisted them to suit your needs and make us feel small. We're not small, and we're not an accident. In fact, we ARE the new scientists. - [Hbomb] (LOSING CONTROL) No, Mark, don't say that. I promised I wouldn't... you can't... oh FUCK— Russian: *убегает в ужасе* *неуместная драматичная музыка* «"Мистер Марк Сарджент" «Обращаюсь к остальным членам научного сообщества — я пришёл сюда с посланием: Я люблю науку. Я всегда её обожал. И я прилетел сюда во имя науки» А, ты сюда прилетел, значит? Интересно, какой картой Земли ПОЛЬЗОВАЛСЯ ПИЛОТ~ Нет... не задирайся... Нет... простите, я себе обещал, что не буду этим людям грубить. Перестань. Забудь. Просто перестань... «Вы взяли то, что казалось бы есть просто очевидные наблюдения и исказили их так, чтобы они соответствовали вашим потребностям и держите нас за дураков. Мы не дураки, и мы не ошибка. Вообще-то МЫ — новые учёные» *начинает терять контроль* Нет, Марк, не говори так. Я обещал, что не буду... ты не можешь... твою МАТЬ~ Russian: *теряет контроль* В этом городе новая наука, детка! И она основана на том... какой логотип... использует ООН! Я БОЛЬШЕ НЕ МОГУ! Окей, я специально старался не вставлять слишком много болтовни о выпусках Марка Сарджента, потому что они не очень качественные. Я не хочу просто насмехаться над сторонниками плоской Земли тем, что видосы, которые втянули их в эту тему, невероятно нелепы, и... я просто не хочу ГРУБИТЬ кому-либо лишь потому, что они безграмотны и неправы. Но вы знаете что? К чёрту его! Сейчас 8:50 вечера накануне Рождества! Он только что провозгласил, что он представитель «новой науки!» ЭТО мой подарок себе любимому. Я просто порву Марка Сарджента за то, что он очевидно ошибается. Помните о всей той логистике, о которой я говорил раннее? Вот как он это преподносит и разбирает: «А теперь вы возьмёте и скажете: "Ну, это наверное единичный случай... или просто пример неудобной пересадки" "Вы же знаете, как ведут себя эти авиакомпании!" О нет, друзья мои» «нет. — (с) Марк Сарджент» ШАХ И МАТ, ШАРОЁБЫ Видео Марка Сарджента даже не упоминает о том, что существуют прямые перелёты. Он вообще говорит, что они не существуют! English: - [Marik Ishtar Hbomb] There's a NEW science in town, baby! And an inordinate amount of it is based on... what logo... the UN uses!!!! (GOING MAD) (NORMAL VOICE) Okay, so, I deliberately avoided bringing up Mark Sargent's videos too much because they're not very good, I don't want to make Flat Earthers just look bad by pointing out how absolutely ridiculous the videos that got them into it are, and...I just don't want to be MEAN to someone just because they're ignorant and wrong. But you know what? Fuck him! It's 8:50 pm on Christmas Eve! He just said he's "the new fucking science"! THIS is my present to myself. I'm gonna fucking dunk on Mark Sargent for being obviously wrong. You know that whole logistics thing I pointed out earlier? Here's how he brings it up and debunks it: - [Sargent] Now, this is where you come in and say: "Well, it's probably an isolated incident...or some strange connection thing." "You know how the airlines are!" Oh no, my friends. [triumphant cacophony] Mark Sargent's video doesn't even acknowledge the existence of nonstop flights. In fact, he says they don't exist! English: - [Sargent] The first part of the clue is the utter lack of nonstop flights from anywhere in this hemisphere. Flying from international cities like Sydney, Rio, Santiago, or anywhere else close by, - [Hbomb] So, now it becomes clear why so much of Flat Earth is pointless fluff, or speculation about all the people who must be in on it. They have to avoid making quantifiable claims, because otherwise, when you put it in terms that can be proven or disproven, there's a chance your ACTUAL reasons for believing what you believe can be OPENLY demonstrated to be wrong. The Earth can't be a globe because there's no non-stop flights across countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Oh wait, someone googled it and it turns out there are? I meant to say a bunch of weird waffle about how we don't really know what gravity is. So, let's ramble about THAT instead! - [Sargent] What is gravity? - [Hbomb] (MOCKING) My worldview feels so much more safe when I'm talking absolute fucking nonsense. (MOCKING) Has everyone seen The Truman Show? (NORMAL VOICE) Oh, and while we're at it, Mark: it's not cute that you fucking hold your microphone on all of your podcasts like this. Russian: «Первая улика — это то, что прямых рейсов в этом полушарии вообще не существует. Рейсы из международных городов вроде Сиднея, Рио, Сантьяго, или откуда-нибудь неподалёку, нельзя найти ни один прямой рейс, ни за какие деньги» «нельзя найти ни один прямой рейс, ни за какие деньги» (с) — очень смышлёный чувак» Значит, теперь ясно, почему всё это просто бессмысленный бред, или догадки о людях, которые держат всё это в тайне. Они стараются не приводить слишком много примеров, потому что если ты выставляешь свои взгляды на всеобщее обозрение, есть большая вероятность, что РЕАЛЬНЫЕ причины, почему ты в это веришь, будут ОТКРЫТО опровергнуты. Земля не может быть шаром потому, что нет прямых рейсов между странами в южном полушарии. [Мешанина из цитат Марка] Или, постойте-ка, кто-то это загуглил, и оказывается, что они существуют? УПС, БЛЯДЬ. Я просто хотел наплести кучу ерунды о том, что мы толком и не знаем, как действует гравитация. Так давайте же поболтаем об ЭТОМ! «Что такое гравитация?» Моё мировоззрение кажется намного более неуязвимым, когда я несу ёбаную чепуху. Кто-нибудь из вас смотрел Шоу Трумана? А, и если мы уж об этом говорим, Марк: Это совсем не мило, когда ты так держишь микрофон во время всех своих подкастов. Russian: Аудио звучит ужасно. Мы можем слышать, как ты постоянно его щупаешь. Просто поставь его на подставку! У человека, который... с которым ты годами стримил, есть подставка! Почему бы ты не позаимствовать идею у неё? КУПИ ПОДСТАВКУ! И ЕЩЁ! Тут отчётливо видно, что когда ты выходил на сцену, на тебе был пристёгнут микрофон, и, видимо, ты его расхерачил, потому что аудио не работало! «Окей?.. Меня слышно? Я буду использовать этот, как запасной вариант» Ты решил использовать микрофон на подиуме, и ты даже не сумел им воспользоваться! И какому-то мужику пришлось подойти и поправить его! А, мы будет использовать оба? Простите за это. Почему у тебя так много проблем с микрофонами?! Если бы ты только загуглил «как настроить звук», твои видео было бы на процентов 30 легче вытерпеть! — Чьё это было видео с Луной среди облаков? — Да, я не думаю, что это была Луна. Больше похоже на Солнце. — Неужели? ПОЧЕМУ ТЫ ТАК НЕКОМПЕТЕНТЕН ВО ВСЁМ, МАРК?!! ТЫ ДАЖЕ~... НЕКОМПЕТЕНТНЫЙ ПЛОСКОЗЕМЕЛЬЩИК! Я НЕ МОГУ О ТЕБЕ РАЗГОВАРИВАТЬ, ИНАЧЕ БУДЕТ КАЗАТЬСЯ, ЧТО Я ВЫСТАВЛЯЮ ЭТИХ ЛЮДЕЙ ДУРАКАМИ!!!! English: It makes for terrible audio. We can hear you're fumbling with it constantly. Just put it on a stand! The person you're...you've been streaming with for, like, years has a stand! Why have you not copied her thing? USE A STAND! ALSO! It's very clear you were wearing clip-on mic when you came out to do this speech, and I guess you fucked it up, because the audio didn't work! - [Sargent] Okay...? This pick up? I'm gonna do this just in case. - [Hbomb] So you decided you had to use the on-board mics, and then you weren't even them right! So a guy had to come and correct you! - [Sargent] Oh, we're gonna do both? Sorry about that. - [Hbomb] Why do you have so many problems with microphones?! If you just googled |how to do sound", your videos would have been, like, 30 percent more bearable! - [Sargent] Whose video was that with the Moon in the clouds? - [Steere] Yeah, and I don't even think that was the Moon. That looked like the Sun. - [Sargent] Was it? - [Hbomb] J...GAH! WHY ARE YOU SO BAD (FROM LAPTOP SPEAKER) AT EVERYTHING, MARK?!! (NORMAL AUDIO) YOU DON'T—... YOU'RE NOT EVEN A GOOD FLAT EARTHER! I HAVE TO TALK AROUND YOU, OR IT MAKES ME LOOK LIKE I'M TRYING TO MAKE YOU PEOPLE LOOK STUPID!!! Russian: И ТЫ ЕЩЁ СЧИТАЕШЬ, ЧТО ТЫ — УЧЁНЫЙ???!! ТВОЮ ЁБАНУЮ МАТЬ То, что реально действует мне на нервы~ В своём видео "Flat Earth OR Why Do People Reject Science?", философ Оливер Торн говорит, что сторонники плоской Земли вообще-то не «отрицают» науку. Видите? У него очень хитрые заголовки роликов! УМНЫЙ МАЛЬЧИК! Зацените его видосы! Но они просто предпочитают альтернативный взгляд на науку, что он сравнивает с «наивным реализмом». Он прав. Эти люди... ПЫТАЮТСЯ применить типа науку, и я считаю, что именно это меня и бесит. Они не просто воображают себя учёными, которые «открыли истину». Такого рода людей везде полно! Они говорят, что «наука — это прекрасно, и что ты всё понимаешь, ты — гений! А все остальные — неправы!» То есть почти тоже самое, что делают ютуберы. Такие как Марк правы в том, что следует сомневаться в том, что следует скептически относиться к авторитетам. Они правы в том, что следует перепроверять то, что мы знаем о реальности и обществе, в котором живём. English: AND YOU THINK *YOU'RE* THE FUCKING SCIENTIST???!! FUCKING JESUS CHRIST (CUTS RECORDING OFF) I think what really gets me— [knocks skeleton over like a clod] [reflective silence] In his video "Flat Earth OR Why Do People Reject Science?" Philosopher Oliver Thorn says that Flat Earthers don't actually "reject" science. See? He's being very clever with his titles! CLEVER BOY! Check his videos out! But they're actually embracing an alternative viewpoint on science, which he compares to Direct Realism. He's right. These people are... ATTEMPTING a form of science, and I think that's what really gets to me about them. Not simply that they're pretending they're scientists who have "secretly found the truth". Those people are a fucking dime-a-dozen! Saying that "science is good, and you know it, and you're the genius! Everyone else is wrong!" is basically what being a YouTuber is. People like Mark are right to want to question authorities on issues. They're right on to question everything they know about reality and the society they live in, Russian: и... это потому, что в центре плоской Земли — ну, не Северный полюс — в центре идеологии плоской Земли... Есть маленькая яркая частица систематической критики. Это попытка понять, что не так с нашим обществом и что нам с этим делать. Вы же знаете... Плоскоземельщики и похожие люди, которые ищут альтернативные решения, типа... поедание сырого мяса... и правда, эм... Засранец Джек, Плоскоземельный Парнишка и Кричащий-На-Людей-Мужик едят много сырого мяса. Это отвратительно. [Ссылается на фигурировавших в видео персонажей] Меня чуть ли не стошнило, когда я смотрел один из его роликов. И знаете... люди ищут такие решения потому, что они в какой-то степени ощущают проблему, и... Они правы! Что-то в мире сейчас неправильно. Мир, если образно выражаться, горит! Лидеры мира спят за рулём. Мы НИЧЕГО не можем сделать, чтобы предотвратить очередной ОГРОМНЫЙ финансовый крах, который сломает тысячи, если не миллионы жизней, и... English: and...that's because at the center of Flat Earth—not the North Pole—the ACTUAL center of the ideology... It's core is a tiny, shining fragment of a systemic critique. It's the beginning of trying to understand what's wrong with our society and what to do about it. You know...Flat Earthers and people like them who embrace alternative solutions like... eating raw meat...in fact, um... Jake the Asshole, Flat Earth Boy, Yell At People Man eats raw meat a bunch. It's disgusting. I almost threw up watching one of his videos. You know...people seek these solutions because they perceive, on some level, a problem, and... They're right! Something is wrong with the world right now. The world is figuratively on fire! World leaders are asleep at the wheel. There's NOTHING in place to prevent another MASSIVE financial crash which will destroy thousands, if not millions, of livelihoods, and... Russian: С экологической точки зрения — помимо того, что у нас пригорело в переносном смысле, вся Земля буквально пригорела! Пожары становятся всё сильнее! Температуры прыгают вверх-вниз! Лёд тает невероятными темпами! Даже на шарообразной Земле мы движемся к краю пропасти! Поэтому я не могу винить кого-либо из вас за то, что вы чувствуете себя брошенными и одинокими в позднекапиталистическом обществе. По крайней мере, во времена феодализма нам была гарантирована работа! Поэтому конечно люди будут пытаться найти что-нибудь, что поможет им справляться с этим или... что кажется решением проблемы. Ведь так и появляются секты! Поэтому существует саентология. Поэтому есть столько поклонников Джордана Питерсона. Ведь... ЧТО-ТО не так! И мы это чувствуем! И... некоторые люди нашли решение, которое не работает, но, по крайней мере, заставляет их чувствовать себя ЧУТОЧКУ лучше! Некоторые люди действительно ПРЕКРАСНО себя чувствуют! English: Ecologically speaking, on top of being, you know, figuratively on fire, the Earth is LITERALLY on fire! Wildfires are getting worse! Temperatures are shifting all over the place! Ice is melting at an ASTOUNDING rate! Even on a Globe Earth, the Edge is coming fast! So, I can't blame anyone for feeling alienated and lonely about living in, you know, late-capitalist society. You know, at least under feudalism, we had job security! So, of course people are gonna try and find something that helps them cope or...seems like a solution. I mean, that's why you get cults! That's why you get Scientology. That's why you get Jordan Peterson supporters. You know...SOMETHING is wrong! And we can all tell! And...some people have arrived at a solution that doesn't really work, or, at the very least, makes them feel LITTLE BIT better! Some people feel REALLY good! Russian: Ну там... они реально разносят марксистов, когда не употребляют овощи... пока они не заболевают цингой... и тогда... тогда и начинаются все проблемы, не так ли? Потому что... верить в некоторые вещи — не есть решение и... это не совсем точно отвечает на проблемы. Наша проблема — не НАСА. И проблема не в том, что Земля плоская. Проблема в чём-то ином. Если вы сторонник плоской Земли, и вы досмотрели до конца этого видео — вау, это видео слишком уж длинное, но я потратил ёбаные десятки часов на просмотр ваших документалок, так что... получается, что вы меня сделали. Но я хотел бы дать вам маленький совет... Вы не ошибаетесь в том, что чувствуете, что что-то не так. Потому что что-то ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНО не так. Просто... может быть продолжайте искать источник этого чувства, потому что... Земля не плоская. Земля — сплюснутый сфероид. Я просто как-то услышал, как кто-то сказал «сплюснутый». И теперь постоянно повторяю. Просто... продолжайте искать. Ищите решение проблемы И, может быть, на следующее Рождество, Марк Сарджент English: Like...they're really owning the Marxists by not eating their vegetables...until they get scurvy...and then...that's where the problems begin, isn't it? Because...believing these things isn't a solution and...it's not really accurate about what the problems are. The problem isn't NASA. The problem isn't the Earth being flat. The problem is something else. If you're a flat Earther, and you made it all the way to the end of this video, Wow, this video was way too long, but I watched fucking dozens of hours of your documentaries, so, I guess...I guess you owe me. But if I can give a little word of advice... Your're right to feel that something is wrong. Because something IS wrong. Just...maybe keep looking for the source of what that thing is, because... The Earth is not flat. The Earth is an oblate spheroid. I heard one guy say "oblate" once, and that was it. I just...now I say it every time. Just...keep looking. Keep trying to figure out a solution And maybe next Christmas, Mark Sargent... English: Will be Marx's Sergeant. That's a good one. Oh God, my hair looks awful! And, uh, see y'all next year! I'm gonna do more videos next year! I promise! And I'm gonna do that charity stream soon! Gonna play Donkey Kong 64 all the way through until...I fucking die! I'll raise money for a charity! I forgot which one it is! I don't wanna do another take, 'cause it's bloody freezing in here! I put this on for a reason! Uh... This used to light up, but...it doesn't. [Kissing Ancaps by Eric Taxxon plays] Russian: Станет Марксом Сарджентом. Хорошая шутка. О Боже, моя причёска выглядит отвратительно! И, эм, увидимся в следующем году! Я в следующем году буду записывать ещё больше видео! Я обещаю! И я скоро проведу благотворительный стрим! Буду играть в Donkey Kong 64, пока я не... сдохну нахуй! Или буду собирать пожертвования для благотворительности! Забыл, для какой именно! Не хочу снимать повторный дубль, а то окоченею! Я это не просто так надел! Эм... Раньше тут лампочки горели, но...теперь не горят. ♫ Kissing Ancaps от Patricia Taxxon ♫ Russian: Простите. Может ли лунный свет что-либо охлаждать? *приступ смеха* Я веду себя СЛИШКОМ неуважительно по отношению к этому человеку! Я извиняюсь! УАААААААА English: (COUGHING) Excuse me. Can moonlight make things cold? I feel like I'm ACTUALLY being rude to a person by doing this! I'm really sorry! RAWR! [eldritch madness]

French: En parcourant la campagne sud-africaine très conservatrice... nos pensées sont réduites, tout comme la route. La vie est ici plus simple que dans les grandes villes. Nulle part ailleurs est la véritable lutte plus palpable. À qui appartient cette terre ? Au Sud-Africain noir arrivé le premier ? Ou à l'homme blanc, qui y a apporté le progrès européen ? L'époque de la réconciliation où la question était taboue est révolue. La Terre promise Spanish: En parcourant la campagne sud-africaine très conservatrice... nos pensées sont réduites, tout comme la route. La vie est ici plus simple que dans les grandes villes. Nulle part ailleurs est la véritable lutte plus palpable. À qui appartient cette terre ? Au Sud-Africain noir arrivé le premier ? Ou à l'homme blanc, qui y a apporté le progrès européen ? L'époque de la réconciliation où la question était taboue est révolue. La Terre promise English: Driving through South Africa's deeply conservative countryside... one's thoughts are narrowed down like the road itself, from four lanes to two. Life is more simple here than in the big city. No other place gives you a better sense of the real conflict. Who has more right to this land? The black South African, who got here first? Or the white man, who brought European progress? The time that question couldn't be posed for the sake of reconciliation, is gone. the promised land Spanish: Que vous soyez Noir ou Blanc n'a pas d'importance pour nous. Partageons la terre. Mais nous savons que 80% des terres africaines sont aux mains des Blancs. C'est pour ça que nous disons : Hommes blancs, rendez-nous nos terres pour que l'on vive en paix. Mandela est allé en prison pour notre terre. Chris Hani a été tué pour notre terre. Steve Biko a été tué pour notre terre. Tant que la terre ne nous a pas été restituée... tant que ce pour quoi ils sont morts n'a pas été obtenu... et tant que nous ne sommes pas libres, nous devons continuer la lutte. Nous revendiquons notre terre pour retrouver notre identité. Nous revendiquons notre terre pour rétablir notre dignité. English: We don't care whether you are black or white. Let us share the land. But we know that 80% of the land in Africa is in white hands. That's why we say: White men, give us back the land so that we can live in peace. Mandela went to prison for our land. Chris Hani was killed for our land. Steve Biko was killed for our land. And as long as the land is not returned to us... and that which they died for has not been achieved... and we have no freedom yet, we must continue with our struggle. French: Que vous soyez Noir ou Blanc n'a pas d'importance pour nous. Partageons la terre. Mais nous savons que 80% des terres africaines sont aux mains des Blancs. C'est pour ça que nous disons : Hommes blancs, rendez-nous nos terres pour que l'on vive en paix. Mandela est allé en prison pour notre terre. Chris Hani a été tué pour notre terre. Steve Biko a été tué pour notre terre. Tant que la terre ne nous a pas été restituée... tant que ce pour quoi ils sont morts n'a pas été obtenu... et tant que nous ne sommes pas libres, nous devons continuer la lutte. Nous revendiquons notre terre pour retrouver notre identité. Nous revendiquons notre terre pour rétablir notre dignité. Spanish: Nous revendiquons notre terre pour gagner la fierté d'être une nation. Nous revendiquons notre terre ! Et si nous devons nous faire tuer pour revendiquer cette terre... laissez-nous nous faire tuer pour revendiquer notre terre. Le moment est venu pour l'Afrique de se révolter ! L'Afrique doit se révolter ! L'Afrique doit revendiquer ce qui appartient à l'Afrique ! Vous parlez de la terre. Les paysans blancs doivent-ils avoir peur ? Ils ne doivent pas avoir peur. Partageons les terres. Les agriculteurs blancs... doivent transmettre leur savoir-faire... à notre peuple, pour que l'on travaille ensemble. Aucun homme blanc ne devrait être chassé. Nous sommes liés maintenant. Nous dépassons les questions de couleur pour être cousins. French: Nous revendiquons notre terre pour gagner la fierté d'être une nation. Nous revendiquons notre terre ! Et si nous devons nous faire tuer pour revendiquer cette terre... laissez-nous nous faire tuer pour revendiquer notre terre. Le moment est venu pour l'Afrique de se révolter ! L'Afrique doit se révolter ! L'Afrique doit revendiquer ce qui appartient à l'Afrique ! Vous parlez de la terre. Les paysans blancs doivent-ils avoir peur ? Ils ne doivent pas avoir peur. Partageons les terres. Les agriculteurs blancs... doivent transmettre leur savoir-faire... à notre peuple, pour que l'on travaille ensemble. Aucun homme blanc ne devrait être chassé. Nous sommes liés maintenant. Nous dépassons les questions de couleur pour être cousins. French: Et aucun Noir n'accepterait... que ses cousins soient chassés. Les fermiers blancs sont chez nous, les fermiers sud-africains. Mais arrêtons l'avidité. Partageons la terre et la richesse de ce pays... pour que nous puissions vivre en paix, sans aucune crainte. Mais ils devraient avoir peur... car ceux qui n'ont rien se révolteront un jour... pour se servir de façon ferme, incontrôlable... et non réglementée. Nous allons dans les terres des agriculteurs blancs. Les ruraux intelligents. Êtes-vous à l'aise d'aller les voir ? Je suis un peu stressé. Spanish: Et aucun Noir n'accepterait... que ses cousins soient chassés. Les fermiers blancs sont chez nous, les fermiers sud-africains. Mais arrêtons l'avidité. Partageons la terre et la richesse de ce pays... pour que nous puissions vivre en paix, sans aucune crainte. Mais ils devraient avoir peur... car ceux qui n'ont rien se révolteront un jour... pour se servir de façon ferme, incontrôlable... et non réglementée. Nous allons dans les terres des agriculteurs blancs. Les ruraux intelligents. Êtes-vous à l'aise d'aller les voir ? Je suis un peu stressé. French: Pourquoi ? Eh bien... Je ne sais pas à quoi m'attendre, quelles seront... leurs réactions parce que je suis Noir. La plupart d'entre eux sont encore racistes. Même si certains ne le montrent pas... c'est très dur pour eux d'accepter les Noirs. Malgré 20 ans de cette nouvelle démocratie... et tout ce que nous avons à dire. Vous ressentez encore leur racisme ? - Oui. Je ne veux pas être méprisant mais... je le ressens, quand je ne suis pas accepté. Spanish: Pourquoi ? Eh bien... Je ne sais pas à quoi m'attendre, quelles seront... leurs réactions parce que je suis Noir. La plupart d'entre eux sont encore racistes. Même si certains ne le montrent pas... c'est très dur pour eux d'accepter les Noirs. Malgré 20 ans de cette nouvelle démocratie... et tout ce que nous avons à dire. Vous ressentez encore leur racisme ? - Oui. Je ne veux pas être méprisant mais... je le ressens, quand je ne suis pas accepté. English: This is the area where the white farmer still rules. The pioneers who left the Cape in the 17th century... with their wagons and their Bibles... to settle all the way here in the north of South Africa. It's these 'bitter-enders', as they call themselves... who are terribly afraid of the new South Africa. Wilhelm, how are you? -Good. Yes? That's great. Why are you here? A farmer's been attacked. Over at the mountain. On this side of the mountain? What happened to him? He was on his way home. Three characters were waiting for him. French: Voici la région qui est toujours dominée par les Blancs. Les pionniers qui ont quitté Le Cap au XVIIe siècle... avec leurs chariots et leurs bibles... pour s'installer ici, dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud. Les "jusqu'au-boutistes", comme ils se surnomment eux-mêmes... qui ont terriblement peur de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud. Wilhelm, comment ça va ? - Bien. Bien ? C'est super. Que faites-vous ici ? Un fermier a été attaqué. Dans les montagnes. De ce côté de la montagne ? Que lui est-il arrivé ? Il rentrait chez lui. Trois hommes l'attendaient. Spanish: Voici la région qui est toujours dominée par les Blancs. Les pionniers qui ont quitté Le Cap au XVIIe siècle... avec leurs chariots et leurs bibles... pour s'installer ici, dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud. Les "jusqu'au-boutistes", comme ils se surnomment eux-mêmes... qui ont terriblement peur de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud. Wilhelm, comment ça va ? - Bien. Bien ? C'est super. Que faites-vous ici ? Un fermier a été attaqué. Dans les montagnes. De ce côté de la montagne ? Que lui est-il arrivé ? Il rentrait chez lui. Trois hommes l'attendaient. English: When he got out to open the gate... they attacked him. -How is he doing? I don't know. He's here. -Are you going to see him? No, we're going to see his wife. If you want to come... Can we ride along in the back? I'd been to this village in the north of South Africa before. The more north you go, the more militant the farmer... and the greater the fear of change. The farmers in Swartruggens are eager to show me that this fear is not unfounded. I'm Bram. -Pleased to meet you. French: Quand il est sorti ouvrir le portail... ils l'ont attaqué. - Comment va-t-il ? Je ne sais pas. - Vous allez le voir ? Non, nous allons voir sa femme. Si vous voulez venir... On peut monter à l'arrière ? Je suis déjà allé dans ce village du nord de l'Afrique du Sud. Plus on va vers le nord, plus les fermiers sont militants... et plus la peur du changement est importante. À Swartruggens, on veut me prouver que cette peur est fondée. Je m'appelle Bram. - Enchanté. Spanish: Quand il est sorti ouvrir le portail... ils l'ont attaqué. - Comment va-t-il ? Je ne sais pas. - Vous allez le voir ? Non, nous allons voir sa femme. Si vous voulez venir... On peut monter à l'arrière ? Je suis déjà allé dans ce village du nord de l'Afrique du Sud. Plus on va vers le nord, plus les fermiers sont militants... et plus la peur du changement est importante. À Swartruggens, on veut me prouver que cette peur est fondée. Je m'appelle Bram. - Enchanté. French: Enchanté, Bram. - Jannie. Je suis Hollandais. - Je suis Sud-Africain. Regardez, le couteau est là. Il y a du sang. Vous voyez ? Il a été attaqué juste là, à côté du portail ? Il s'était arrêté pour ouvrir le portail. À ce moment-là, les hommes sont sortis de ce buisson. Ils lui ont volé tout son matériel. Ils sont d'ici, ceux qui l'ont attaqué ? Oui. - Vraiment ? Vous pensez ? Vous pensez qu'ils viennent de... On les attrapera ce soir. Tout le monde va se retrouver ici. Et on va s'organiser. Tous les agriculteurs ? Spanish: Enchanté, Bram. - Jannie. Je suis Hollandais. - Je suis Sud-Africain. Regardez, le couteau est là. Il y a du sang. Vous voyez ? Il a été attaqué juste là, à côté du portail ? Il s'était arrêté pour ouvrir le portail. À ce moment-là, les hommes sont sortis de ce buisson. Ils lui ont volé tout son matériel. Ils sont d'ici, ceux qui l'ont attaqué ? Oui. - Vraiment ? Vous pensez ? Vous pensez qu'ils viennent de... On les attrapera ce soir. Tout le monde va se retrouver ici. Et on va s'organiser. Tous les agriculteurs ? English: Pleased to meet you, Bram. -Jannie. I'm from Holland. -Great, I'm from South Africa. As you can see, there's the knife. There's blood, there's blood. You see? He had stopped here to open the gate. As he was opening the gate, the guys came out from that bush. They stole some of the man's equipment. English: That way. Look, to this side. Spanish: Les policiers sont en route. De là, on va s'organiser. Ce soir. Vous allez les attraper ? Lentement, mais sûrement. Voilà. En plein jour. Le sang d'un autre homme blanc... Par là. Regardez, de ce côté. French: Les policiers sont en route. De là, on va s'organiser. Ce soir. Vous allez les attraper ? Lentement, mais sûrement. Voilà. En plein jour. Le sang d'un autre homme blanc... Par là. Regardez, de ce côté. Spanish: Ça va ? Ça pourrait aller mieux, mais merci. Pourquoi ils s'attaquent aux personnes âgées ? Pas aux jeunes ? Voici Bram. Il vient de Hollande. Nous étions en route quand c'est arrivé. Maintenant il peut voir... English: Are you alright? I've been better, but thanks. Why do they go after old people? Why not young men? This is Bram from the Netherlands. From Holland. We were on our way when this happened. Now he can see... French: Ça va ? Ça pourrait aller mieux, mais merci. Pourquoi ils s'attaquent aux personnes âgées ? Pas aux jeunes ? Voici Bram. Il vient de Hollande. Nous étions en route quand c'est arrivé. Maintenant il peut voir... Spanish: Enchanté. Bram. Comment allez-vous ? Bien, vu les circonstances. Mon cœur saigne parce qu'ils sont trop lâches pour nous dire en face... qu'ils veulent nous faire du mal. Nous avons toujours été aimables. Ils étaient étrangers, ils n'étaient pas d'ici. Ils viennent d'un autre pays ? - Du Zimbabwe. Mon mari parle couramment fanagalo. Il le parle très bien. Comment va votre mari ? Je viens d'appeler l'hôpital. Le médecin est en train de l'ausculter. Il a été blessé avec une hachette. Où exactement ? - Là, à partir de là. Une plaie béante. Le sang coulait à flots. Il s'est fait un bandage lui-même pour arrêter le saignement. Vous l'avez vu ? - Oui. Je travaillais dans la maison quand j'ai entendu l'alarme du pick-up. English: Pleased to meet you, Bram. How are you? Alright, given the circumstances. My heart hurts because they're too cowardly to tell someone to their face... that they want to hurt him. We've always been good to them. They were foreigners, not our own people. They're from another country? -From Zimbabwe. My husband is fluent in Fanagalo. He speaks it very well. How is your husband? I've just called the hospital. The doctor is working on him. But they cut him with a hatchet. Where exactly? -Here, from this point. A gaping wound. The blood was gushing out. He applied a pressure bandage himself to stop the bleeding. Did you see him? -Yes. I was busy working inside the house when I heard the alarm from the pickup. French: Enchanté. Bram. Comment allez-vous ? Bien, vu les circonstances. Mon cœur saigne parce qu'ils sont trop lâches pour nous dire en face... qu'ils veulent nous faire du mal. Nous avons toujours été aimables. Ils étaient étrangers, ils n'étaient pas d'ici. Ils viennent d'un autre pays ? - Du Zimbabwe. Mon mari parle couramment fanagalo. Il le parle très bien. Comment va votre mari ? Je viens d'appeler l'hôpital. Le médecin est en train de l'ausculter. Il a été blessé avec une hachette. Où exactement ? - Là, à partir de là. Une plaie béante. Le sang coulait à flots. Il s'est fait un bandage lui-même pour arrêter le saignement. Vous l'avez vu ? - Oui. Je travaillais dans la maison quand j'ai entendu l'alarme du pick-up. English: The dogs were barking as well, and when I came outside... I heard him screaming. So I grabbed my gun and fired two shots in the air. I think that must have saved him. Your husband will survive, won't he? We have faith that the Lord will help him. We have faith that He will. Spanish: Les chiens aboyaient aussi, et quand je suis sortie... je l'ai entendu hurler. Alors j'ai attrapé mon fusil et j'ai tiré deux coups en l'air. Je pense que c'est ce qui l'a sauvé. Votre mari va s'en sortir, n'est-ce pas ? Le Seigneur va l'aider. Nous faisons confiance au Seigneur. Cet agriculteur a aussi été attaqué ? - Oui. French: Les chiens aboyaient aussi, et quand je suis sortie... je l'ai entendu hurler. Alors j'ai attrapé mon fusil et j'ai tiré deux coups en l'air. Je pense que c'est ce qui l'a sauvé. Votre mari va s'en sortir, n'est-ce pas ? Le Seigneur va l'aider. Nous faisons confiance au Seigneur. Cet agriculteur a aussi été attaqué ? - Oui. French: Cette maison a été attaquée. Et celle-ci. Votre père a été tué ? - Oui en 1995. En 1995 ? Que s'est-il passé ? Ils sont rentrés dans la maison. Il s'est levé... pour leur demander ce qu'ils faisaient. Ils lui ont tiré dessus. Ils ont volé son pick-up... et sont partis. C'était en janvier. En mars... ils sont venus chez moi... et ont tué le domestique qui travaillait chez nous. Où étiez-vous à ce moment-là ? - Par chance, je n'y étais pas. En 1997, ils ont recommencé en septembre. J'ai décidé de quitter la campagne. Spanish: Cette maison a été attaquée. Et celle-ci. Votre père a été tué ? - Oui en 1995. En 1995 ? Que s'est-il passé ? Ils sont rentrés dans la maison. Il s'est levé... pour leur demander ce qu'ils faisaient. Ils lui ont tiré dessus. Ils ont volé son pick-up... et sont partis. C'était en janvier. En mars... ils sont venus chez moi... et ont tué le domestique qui travaillait chez nous. Où étiez-vous à ce moment-là ? - Par chance, je n'y étais pas. En 1997, ils ont recommencé en septembre. J'ai décidé de quitter la campagne. Spanish: C'est pour ça que j'ai acheté une maison. Pour ma femme et mes enfants, c'était plus sûr. Je ne suis pas toujours là. Je fais des courses la journée, je ne suis pas là. Et la nuit, nous circulons, nous patrouillons. Ils sont plus en sécurité en ville qu'à la ferme. Vous n'aimeriez pas habiter par ici ? - Non. Pas à découvert ? - Non. Je suis Blanc. Je ne peux pas changer de couleur. Si j'étais Noir, les choses auraient peut-être été différentes. J'aurais pu être de ceux qui disent... La terre nous a été volée. Nous n'avons rien volé. Nous avons acheté ce que nous avons. French: C'est pour ça que j'ai acheté une maison. Pour ma femme et mes enfants, c'était plus sûr. Je ne suis pas toujours là. Je fais des courses la journée, je ne suis pas là. Et la nuit, nous circulons, nous patrouillons. Ils sont plus en sécurité en ville qu'à la ferme. Vous n'aimeriez pas habiter par ici ? - Non. Pas à découvert ? - Non. Je suis Blanc. Je ne peux pas changer de couleur. Si j'étais Noir, les choses auraient peut-être été différentes. J'aurais pu être de ceux qui disent... La terre nous a été volée. Nous n'avons rien volé. Nous avons acheté ce que nous avons. Spanish: À qui appartient cette terre ? C'est la terre du peuple. C'est la terre de tous. De tous les Sud-Africains. Aux Noirs et aux Blancs ? - Oui. Tout le monde. Si vous êtes né et vivez ici, elle est à vous. Mais si vous êtes venus en 1652 et l'avez prise... elle n'est assurément pas à vous. Que pensez-vous... de ce que dit Malema sur la terre et le partage de la terre ? Quelle est la solution ? La terre... À un moment, il est nécessaire de... Je ne veux pas que ce pays aille... jusqu'au point où en est le Zimbabwe... French: À qui appartient cette terre ? C'est la terre du peuple. C'est la terre de tous. De tous les Sud-Africains. Aux Noirs et aux Blancs ? - Oui. Tout le monde. Si vous êtes né et vivez ici, elle est à vous. Mais si vous êtes venus en 1652 et l'avez prise... elle n'est assurément pas à vous. Que pensez-vous... de ce que dit Malema sur la terre et le partage de la terre ? Quelle est la solution ? La terre... À un moment, il est nécessaire de... Je ne veux pas que ce pays aille... jusqu'au point où en est le Zimbabwe... French: où les terres sont reprises aux agriculteurs blancs. Il faut vraiment y réfléchir calmement. Selon vous, ils ne doivent pas être chassés ? À mon avis... Peu importe. Qu'ils prennent votre terre ou non. Il devrait y avoir un accord entre toutes les parties. La terre devrait être partagée. Elle ne devrait pas être reprise comme ça. Elle devrait être partagée. Pour moi, le partage est le terme le plus approprié. Mais certaines personnes ne veulent pas partager. Spanish: où les terres sont reprises aux agriculteurs blancs. Il faut vraiment y réfléchir calmement. Selon vous, ils ne doivent pas être chassés ? À mon avis... Peu importe. Qu'ils prennent votre terre ou non. Il devrait y avoir un accord entre toutes les parties. La terre devrait être partagée. Elle ne devrait pas être reprise comme ça. Elle devrait être partagée. Pour moi, le partage est le terme le plus approprié. Mais certaines personnes ne veulent pas partager. English: I wrote a book about this village... where the conflict between white and black escalated so badly that it led to death. This is the memorial stone. 'The Skierlik Four Massacre'. The massacre of the four of Skierlik. 'Of the racial shooting' Here, this is Tshepo, a ten-year-old boy. Keditlhotshe Moiphitlhi. This is the mother. This is the baby. And this is the man who was buried at Eastern Cape. It happened on January 14, 2008... when a white farmer's son by the name of Johan Nel... French: J'ai écrit un livre sur ce village... où le conflit entre Blancs et Noirs a dégénéré jusqu'à la mort. Voici la pierre commémorative. "The Skierlik Four Massacre". Le massacre des quatre de Skierlik. Une fusillade raciste. Il y a Tshepo, un enfant de dix ans. Keditlhotshe Moiphitlhi. Sa mère. Il y a le bébé. Et l'homme qui a été enterré au Cap Oriental. Ça s'est passé le 14 janvier 2008... quand le fils d'un fermier blanc du nom de Johan Nel... Spanish: J'ai écrit un livre sur ce village... où le conflit entre Blancs et Noirs a dégénéré jusqu'à la mort. Voici la pierre commémorative. "The Skierlik Four Massacre". Le massacre des quatre de Skierlik. Une fusillade raciste. Il y a Tshepo, un enfant de dix ans. Keditlhotshe Moiphitlhi. Sa mère. Il y a le bébé. Et l'homme qui a été enterré au Cap Oriental. Ça s'est passé le 14 janvier 2008... quand le fils d'un fermier blanc du nom de Johan Nel... French: Il avait 18 ans. Il était né l'année de la libération de Mandela. 18 ans, un lundi matin, sans raison... il a pris le fusil de son père, est monté dans son pick-up... et a quitté la ferme... en direction des bidonvilles où vivaient tous ces mineurs noirs... et il a commencé à tirer aveuglément sur toutes ces personnes noires... tuant quatre d'entre elles... et blessant huit autres qui ont survécu. Mais ironie du sort, ce cimetière, où seuls les Blancs sont enterrés... est resté séparé du cimetière des Noirs. Le gouvernement ANC a creusé ce monument et l'a clôturé. Dans ce village, les Noirs et les Blancs sont séparés même après la mort. Spanish: Il avait 18 ans. Il était né l'année de la libération de Mandela. 18 ans, un lundi matin, sans raison... il a pris le fusil de son père, est monté dans son pick-up... et a quitté la ferme... en direction des bidonvilles où vivaient tous ces mineurs noirs... et il a commencé à tirer aveuglément sur toutes ces personnes noires... tuant quatre d'entre elles... et blessant huit autres qui ont survécu. Mais ironie du sort, ce cimetière, où seuls les Blancs sont enterrés... est resté séparé du cimetière des Noirs. Le gouvernement ANC a creusé ce monument et l'a clôturé. Dans ce village, les Noirs et les Blancs sont séparés même après la mort. English: He was 18 years old, so he was born the year Mandela was released. 18 years old, on a Monday morning, without any reason... he took his father's rifle from the cupboard, got into his father's pickup... and drove away from the farm... towards the slum where all these black miners lived... and just started shooting blindly at all those black people... lethally injuring four of them... and injuring another eight people who eventually survived. But irony has it that that cemetery there, where only white people are buried... has remained segregated from the black burial ground. The ANC government dug this monument and put a fence around it. So even in death, black and white remain segregated in this village. Spanish: Le meurtrier blanc m'a dit plus tard que c'était un acte de résistance. Pour sauver les Sud-Africains blancs de la perte... du crime et de la pression politique pour les chasser de leurs terres. Même si ces victimes noires n'y étaient pour rien. Comment allez-vous ? Bien. Et vous ? Moses, comment ça va ? - Bien. Ça faisait longtemps. Ça va ? - Je vous voyais souvent à Skierlik. Oui, mais Skierlik était de l'autre côté de la route. Que s'est-il passé ? Vous avez déménagé ? - Oui, on s'est installé ici. Il y a des maisons en briques. - Oui, ma maison est dans cette rue. English: The white murderer later told me he saw his act as an act of resistance. To save white South Africans from ruin... from crime and the political pressure to drive the whites off their land. Even though his black victims had nothing to do with that. How are you? I'm fine. And you? Moses, how are you? -Fine. Long time no see. How are you doing? -I used to see you often in Skierlik. Yes, but Skierlik was on the other side of the road. What happened? Did you move here? -Yes, we moved here. There are brick houses now. -Yes, my house is down that road. French: Le meurtrier blanc m'a dit plus tard que c'était un acte de résistance. Pour sauver les Sud-Africains blancs de la perte... du crime et de la pression politique pour les chasser de leurs terres. Même si ces victimes noires n'y étaient pour rien. Comment allez-vous ? Bien. Et vous ? Moses, comment ça va ? - Bien. Ça faisait longtemps. Ça va ? - Je vous voyais souvent à Skierlik. Oui, mais Skierlik était de l'autre côté de la route. Que s'est-il passé ? Vous avez déménagé ? - Oui, on s'est installé ici. Il y a des maisons en briques. - Oui, ma maison est dans cette rue. Spanish: Qui vous a donné cette maison ? Je dis toujours : c'est Nel. C'est grâce à Nel. Le tireur ? - Oui. Qu'est-ce qu'il a fait ? On ne sait pas ce qui est arrivé à Nel. Vous vous rappelez ce qui s'est passé ? Vous étiez là. Oui, j'étais là. J'ai pris l'enfant de la mère après qu'il soit parti. J'ai attrapé l'enfant et l'ai amené à l'intérieur. Mais l'enfant avait été touché. Oui, il était déjà mort. - Il était mort ? Que pensez-vous des Blancs depuis cet événement ? Depuis ce massacre. Que pensez-vous des Blancs ? Je ne peux pas franchement vous répondre. English: Who gave you the house? I always say: Nel did. It's Nel's doing. The shooter? -Yes. What did he do? We don't know what happened to Nel. Do you remember what happened? You were there. Yes, I was there. I picked up the mother's child after he was gone. I picked up the child and brought it inside. But the child had been hit by him. Yes, it was already dead. -It was dead? How do you feel about the white people since that incident? Since that massacre. How do you feel about the white people? I can't frankly tell you that. French: Qui vous a donné cette maison ? Je dis toujours : c'est Nel. C'est grâce à Nel. Le tireur ? - Oui. Qu'est-ce qu'il a fait ? On ne sait pas ce qui est arrivé à Nel. Vous vous rappelez ce qui s'est passé ? Vous étiez là. Oui, j'étais là. J'ai pris l'enfant de la mère après qu'il soit parti. J'ai attrapé l'enfant et l'ai amené à l'intérieur. Mais l'enfant avait été touché. Oui, il était déjà mort. - Il était mort ? Que pensez-vous des Blancs depuis cet événement ? Depuis ce massacre. Que pensez-vous des Blancs ? Je ne peux pas franchement vous répondre. French: Avez-vous peur d'eux ? Vous savez, beaucoup de gens... avaient volé du bétail à cette ferme. Le bétail de ces fermiers ? - Oui. Des gens de Skierlik ? - Non, pas des gens d'ici. Alors quia volé ce bétail ? D'autres gens, de Rustenburg. Ils ont volé le bétail. Mais les Blancs ont dit que nous l'avions volé. Ils vous ont accusés d'avoir volé leur bétail. Mais ce n'était pas vrai. - Non. Et après, le dimanche 14... il y a eu un barbecue. Et le lundi, Nel est venu. C'est là que Nel est venu. English: Are you afraid of them? You see, many people... had been stealing cattle from that farm. Cattle from those farmers? -Yes. People from Skierlik? -No, not our people. So who stole the cattle? Other people, from Rustenburg. They stole the cattle. But the white people said that we'd stolen the cattle. They said you'd stolen the cattle. But that wasn't true. -No. Then came the next Sunday, the 14th. That Sunday there was a barbecue. And on Monday Nel came. That's when Nel came. Spanish: Avez-vous peur d'eux ? Vous savez, beaucoup de gens... avaient volé du bétail à cette ferme. Le bétail de ces fermiers ? - Oui. Des gens de Skierlik ? - Non, pas des gens d'ici. Alors quia volé ce bétail ? D'autres gens, de Rustenburg. Ils ont volé le bétail. Mais les Blancs ont dit que nous l'avions volé. Ils vous ont accusés d'avoir volé leur bétail. Mais ce n'était pas vrai. - Non. Et après, le dimanche 14... il y a eu un barbecue. Et le lundi, Nel est venu. C'est là que Nel est venu. Spanish: Comment va la vie ? La vie va mal. Pourquoi ? - Parce que nous sommes corrompus. Qui est corrompu ? - La municipalité. Pourquoi ? Pourquoi je suis au chômage, alors que je suis allé à l'école ? Ils emploient des gens qui ne savent même pas écrire mon nom. Mais moi, j'ai fait des choses bien. Tu me connais depuis longtemps. - Oui, depuis longtemps. Les gens veulent en savoir plus que moi. Ils avaient promis... qu'après la fusillade, on serait dédommagé. Rien. Même aujourd'hui. C'est quoi leur problème ? Qui va nous payer ? Toi ? Moi ? - Je te le demande. Non, pas moi. - Pas toi. Qui vous a promis de l'argent ? Beaucoup de personnes. French: Comment va la vie ? La vie va mal. Pourquoi ? - Parce que nous sommes corrompus. Qui est corrompu ? - La municipalité. Pourquoi ? Pourquoi je suis au chômage, alors que je suis allé à l'école ? Ils emploient des gens qui ne savent même pas écrire mon nom. Mais moi, j'ai fait des choses bien. Tu me connais depuis longtemps. - Oui, depuis longtemps. Les gens veulent en savoir plus que moi. Ils avaient promis... qu'après la fusillade, on serait dédommagé. Rien. Même aujourd'hui. C'est quoi leur problème ? Qui va nous payer ? Toi ? Moi ? - Je te le demande. Non, pas moi. - Pas toi. Qui vous a promis de l'argent ? Beaucoup de personnes. Spanish: On nous avait promis des routes goudronnées. Mais vous avez des maisons en dur. C'est juste une structure. On a de l'eau... une fois toutes les trois semaines. On ne peut pas évacuer la merde. Tu veux que je sois vulgaire ? Ce n'est pas nécessaire. - Si. Je ne peux même pas chier chez moi. Regarde. C'est quoi ça ? Ça pue ! Tu es encore plus en colère qu'il y a cinq ans, quand je t'ai connu. Pourquoi est-ce que tu restes ici ? Pourquoi je reste ici ? - Oui, pourquoi ? Parce que... Parce que mon père m'a amené ici. Je suis allé à l'école ici. Je devrais aller où ? Un meilleur endroit. Un meilleur endroit ? Pour moi, partir d'ici... French: On nous avait promis des routes goudronnées. Mais vous avez des maisons en dur. C'est juste une structure. On a de l'eau... une fois toutes les trois semaines. On ne peut pas évacuer la merde. Tu veux que je sois vulgaire ? Ce n'est pas nécessaire. - Si. Je ne peux même pas chier chez moi. Regarde. C'est quoi ça ? Ça pue ! Tu es encore plus en colère qu'il y a cinq ans, quand je t'ai connu. Pourquoi est-ce que tu restes ici ? Pourquoi je reste ici ? - Oui, pourquoi ? Parce que... Parce que mon père m'a amené ici. Je suis allé à l'école ici. Je devrais aller où ? Un meilleur endroit. Un meilleur endroit ? Pour moi, partir d'ici... French: pour aller à Soweto ou au Cap coûte trop cher. Je ne peux même pas aller chercher le journal ici. Où devrais-je aller ? On est coincé ici. Je vais te montrer quelque chose. Il y a une ferme là-bas. Avec un barbelé. La ligne de démarcation s'arrête ici. De l'autre côté aussi. C'est ici que ça s'arrête ? - Ici. Si je vais chercher du bois de ce côté, je suis coincé. Je ne peux pas y aller. Si je vais de ce côté, je suis coincé. Je fais comment ? Je suis enfermé. Vous voyez ces buissons ? On ne peut pas les franchir. Si vous passez la barrière ? - Oui. Mieux vaut courir si les Blancs te voient là-bas. Pourquoi ? À cause de leur bétail ? Le bétail est là-bas. Le bétail broute là-bas. Mais je ne suis pas un voleur. Spanish: pour aller à Soweto ou au Cap coûte trop cher. Je ne peux même pas aller chercher le journal ici. Où devrais-je aller ? On est coincé ici. Je vais te montrer quelque chose. Il y a une ferme là-bas. Avec un barbelé. La ligne de démarcation s'arrête ici. De l'autre côté aussi. C'est ici que ça s'arrête ? - Ici. Si je vais chercher du bois de ce côté, je suis coincé. Je ne peux pas y aller. Si je vais de ce côté, je suis coincé. Je fais comment ? Je suis enfermé. Vous voyez ces buissons ? On ne peut pas les franchir. Si vous passez la barrière ? - Oui. Mieux vaut courir si les Blancs te voient là-bas. Pourquoi ? À cause de leur bétail ? Le bétail est là-bas. Le bétail broute là-bas. Mais je ne suis pas un voleur. English: Corry, how are you? -Very well, Bram. And you? Good to see you again. Welcome back at the farm. You have good fences here. Come, let's go closer. We count the animals every day. There's a lot of theft in the area, and if you don't keep an eye on it... you may discover it too late and can't track them down anymore. Do they often steal cattle? Yes, very often, but quickly, one or two animals. Spanish: Comment ça va, Corry ? - Bien, Bram. Et toi ? Ça me fait plaisir de te voir. Bienvenue à la ferme. Tu as de bonnes clôtures. Viens, il faut s'approcher. On compte les animaux tous les jours. Il y a beaucoup de vols par ici, et si on ne fait pas attention... on s'en aperçoit trop tard et on ne peut plus les retrouver. Ils volent souvent du bétail ? Oui, très souvent. Mais rapidement, une ou deux bêtes. French: Comment ça va, Corry ? - Bien, Bram. Et toi ? Ça me fait plaisir de te voir. Bienvenue à la ferme. Tu as de bonnes clôtures. Viens, il faut s'approcher. On compte les animaux tous les jours. Il y a beaucoup de vols par ici, et si on ne fait pas attention... on s'en aperçoit trop tard et on ne peut plus les retrouver. Ils volent souvent du bétail ? Oui, très souvent. Mais rapidement, une ou deux bêtes. Spanish: C'est fermé de l'intérieur. Merci beaucoup. Clôtures et frontières, c'est ce que les Blancs ont donné à l'Afrique. Avant leur arrivée, les villageois partageaient toutes les terres. Le groupe est plus important que l'individu. Ubuntu : je suis parce que les autres sont. Mais les Blancs ont apporté un concept différent : ce qui est à moi est à moi. Venez. OK. Venez. English: It's locked from the inside. Thank you kindly. Fences and borders, that's what the white people have given Africa. Before the white people came, the villagers shared all the land. The group is more important than the individual. Ubuntu: I am because others are. But the white man brought a very different concept: What's mine is mine. Come here. Okay, come. French: C'est fermé de l'intérieur. Merci beaucoup. Clôtures et frontières, c'est ce que les Blancs ont donné à l'Afrique. Avant leur arrivée, les villageois partageaient toutes les terres. Le groupe est plus important que l'individu. Ubuntu : je suis parce que les autres sont. Mais les Blancs ont apporté un concept différent : ce qui est à moi est à moi. Venez. OK. Venez. English: You hold her by the head. Careful. Go on. Is it because of the beer that you don't know which way? We have to make a new hole. That's not easy without a knife. Are you afraid to say you have a knife? Where's your knife? Grab her like this. And keep her steady with your leg. Will the cow make it? -Some you win, some you lose. But I don't think she'll make it. We'll give it one last try. If she's not on her feet by tomorrow... -Then I'll shoot her. Spanish: Il faut la tenir par la tête. Attention. Allez-y. C'est à cause de la bière que tu ne sais plus comment faire ? Il faut faire un nouveau trou. Ce n'est pas facile sans couteau. Tu as peur de sortir ton couteau ? Il est où, ton couteau ? Attrape-la comme ça. Et stabilise-la avec ta jambe. La vache va s'en sortir ? - Certaines, oui. D'autres, non. Je ne crois pas que celle-ci s'en sorte. On va essayer une dernière fois. Si elle n'est pas debout demain... - Je l'abattrai. Depuis combien de temps travaillez-vous à la ferme ? Depuis un an. Et avant ? - J'étais au Malawi. Vous venez du Malawi ? - Oui. Et vous venez jusqu'ici travailler ? - Oui, depuis un an. French: Il faut la tenir par la tête. Attention. Allez-y. C'est à cause de la bière que tu ne sais plus comment faire ? Il faut faire un nouveau trou. Ce n'est pas facile sans couteau. Tu as peur de sortir ton couteau ? Il est où, ton couteau ? Attrape-la comme ça. Et stabilise-la avec ta jambe. La vache va s'en sortir ? - Certaines, oui. D'autres, non. Je ne crois pas que celle-ci s'en sorte. On va essayer une dernière fois. Si elle n'est pas debout demain... - Je l'abattrai. Depuis combien de temps travaillez-vous à la ferme ? Depuis un an. Et avant ? - J'étais au Malawi. Vous venez du Malawi ? - Oui. Et vous venez jusqu'ici travailler ? - Oui, depuis un an. French: Beaucoup d'étrangers travaillent ici. - À cause de toutes nos aides... les Tswanas, les gens de la région, n'ont plus besoin de travailler. Ils reçoivent tous des aides. Pour les enfants, les personnes âgées. Et il y a beaucoup de fraudes. Donc les Sud-Africains sont trop chers maintenant ? Non, ils ne sont pas trop chers. Nous les payons de la même façon. Mais ils n'ont pas tellement envie de travailler. Pourquoi travailler un dimanche... s'il y a suffisamment d'argent... sous le matelas... qui vient des aides ? Ce n'est pas nécessaire. Les étrangers, eux, ne reçoivent pas d'aides. Donc ils doivent travailler. Ils ne boivent pas autant. English: We have a lot of foreigners working here. -Because of all our grants... the Tswana, the local people, don't need to work any longer. They all receive grants. For the children, for the elderly. And there's lots of fraud. So the South Africans are too expensive now? No, they're not too expensive. Spanish: Beaucoup d'étrangers travaillent ici. - À cause de toutes nos aides... les Tswanas, les gens de la région, n'ont plus besoin de travailler. Ils reçoivent tous des aides. Pour les enfants, les personnes âgées. Et il y a beaucoup de fraudes. Donc les Sud-Africains sont trop chers maintenant ? Non, ils ne sont pas trop chers. Nous les payons de la même façon. Mais ils n'ont pas tellement envie de travailler. Pourquoi travailler un dimanche... s'il y a suffisamment d'argent... sous le matelas... qui vient des aides ? Ce n'est pas nécessaire. Les étrangers, eux, ne reçoivent pas d'aides. Donc ils doivent travailler. Ils ne boivent pas autant. Spanish: Ils ne boivent pas de bière au Malawi ? Je pense que si. Tu bois de la bière, non ? Pardon. Tu bois ? Et Lazarus, il boit ? Je ne crois pas. Il est trop pauvre. Les Tswanas ont beaucoup d'argent. Vous, vous ne buvez pas. Hier, tu la tapotais davantage. Pas aujourd'hui ? C'est dimanche ? Toi aussi. Les gens d'ici vont et viennent. On n'a plus le temps de les connaître. Avant, ils naissaient et mouraient à la ferme. Plus maintenant. Ils vont un peu partout. Tap, tap, tap. J'ai récupéré ta pelle, Lazarus. French: Ils ne boivent pas de bière au Malawi ? Je pense que si. Tu bois de la bière, non ? Pardon. Tu bois ? Et Lazarus, il boit ? Je ne crois pas. Il est trop pauvre. Les Tswanas ont beaucoup d'argent. Vous, vous ne buvez pas. Hier, tu la tapotais davantage. Pas aujourd'hui ? C'est dimanche ? Toi aussi. Les gens d'ici vont et viennent. On n'a plus le temps de les connaître. Avant, ils naissaient et mouraient à la ferme. Plus maintenant. Ils vont un peu partout. Tap, tap, tap. J'ai récupéré ta pelle, Lazarus. English: Do you drink beer? Excuse me, kid. Do you drink? Lazarus, does he drink? I don't think so. He's too poor. The Tswanas have a lot of money. You people don't drink. Yesterday you patted a lot. Why not today? Is it Sunday? You too. Our locals come and go so fast that you hardly know their background anymore. In the past they were born on the farm and died there. Not anymore. They travel all over the place. Pat, pat, pat. I went to get your shovel, Lazarus. Spanish: Il était trop fainéant. Lazarus a utilisé la pelle. Merci. Allez. On réessaiera demain. Dans la campagne sud-africaine, les Blancs s'assoient toujours devant... comme si rien n'avait changé. Mais les townships se soulèvent... et en appellent au changement et à la fin de ces rapports. tirez pour tuer tuez-les tirez pour tuer tuez-les huez le Boer huez le fermier huez le Boer huez le fermier t'étais où sans fusil ? t'étais où sans bâton ? French: Il était trop fainéant. Lazarus a utilisé la pelle. Merci. Allez. On réessaiera demain. Dans la campagne sud-africaine, les Blancs s'assoient toujours devant... comme si rien n'avait changé. Mais les townships se soulèvent... et en appellent au changement et à la fin de ces rapports. tirez pour tuer tuez-les tirez pour tuer tuez-les huez le Boer huez le fermier huez le Boer huez le fermier t'étais où sans fusil ? t'étais où sans bâton ? English: He was too lazy. Lazarus used the shovel. Thanks. There we go. We'll try it again tomorrow. In the South African countryside, the white farmer still sits in front... as if nothing has changed. But in the townships unrest is stirring... and there's a call for radical change and an end to those old relationships. shoot to kill kill them shoot to kill kill them kiss the Boer kiss the farmer kiss the Boer kiss the farmer where were you without guns? where were you without sticks? English: we're going after them so let us go pick up the spears here we go pick up the spears here we go shoot to kill kill them In the original song they sing 'kill the Boer, kill the farmer.' It does worry you. Why does he say such a thing? Probably not just for his own benefit, in order to win votes. It's an expression of hatred. That's how I see it. Have you never thought of emigrating? We can't emigrate to another country. What we have here, is what we've worked for all our lives. French: on va les chasser laissez-nous passer ramassez les lances on arrive ramassez les lances on arrive tirez pour tuer tuez-les Dans la vraie chanson, il chante : "tuez le Boer, tuez le fermier". C'est inquiétant. Pourquoi dire une chose pareille ? Probablement pas uniquement pour lui, mais afin de se faire élire. C'est une manifestation de haine. C'est comme ça que je le vois. Vous n'avez jamais pensé à émigrer ? Nous ne pouvons pas émigrer dans un autre pays. On a travaillé toute notre vie pour avoir ce que l'on a ici. Spanish: on va les chasser laissez-nous passer ramassez les lances on arrive ramassez les lances on arrive tirez pour tuer tuez-les Dans la vraie chanson, il chante : "tuez le Boer, tuez le fermier". C'est inquiétant. Pourquoi dire une chose pareille ? Probablement pas uniquement pour lui, mais afin de se faire élire. C'est une manifestation de haine. C'est comme ça que je le vois. Vous n'avez jamais pensé à émigrer ? Nous ne pouvons pas émigrer dans un autre pays. On a travaillé toute notre vie pour avoir ce que l'on a ici. Spanish: Nous devons en profiter et le protéger du mieux que l'on peut. C'est notre vie. Tout comme votre vie et votre maison. Elles ne sont pas sans danger... même si elles ne sont pas aussi menaçantes. Nous vivons ici avec nos dangers et nous les gérons au fur et à mesure. Si l'on peut faire quelque chose, même si c'est pénible, nous le ferons. Nous sommes très inquiets pour nos propriétés. Avec ces jeunes politiciens qui menacent de nous exproprier ... on ne sait pas jusqu'où ça va aller. S'ils accèdent au pouvoir et votent une loi d'expropriation des terres... Bien sûr nous sommes inquiets qu'une telle décision soit prise. English: We have to make use of it and protect it to the best of our ability. This is our life. Just as your life and your house also have their dangers... even if they're not as menacing... we live here with our dangers and we deal with them as they come. If something has to be done, negative as it may be, we'll do so. We're very worried about our land ownership. With those young politicians threatening with land expropriation... you don't know where it will end. if they come into power and they pass a law that land has to be expropriated... Of course we're worried that such a decision will be made. French: Nous devons en profiter et le protéger du mieux que l'on peut. C'est notre vie. Tout comme votre vie et votre maison. Elles ne sont pas sans danger... même si elles ne sont pas aussi menaçantes. Nous vivons ici avec nos dangers et nous les gérons au fur et à mesure. Si l'on peut faire quelque chose, même si c'est pénible, nous le ferons. Nous sommes très inquiets pour nos propriétés. Avec ces jeunes politiciens qui menacent de nous exproprier ... on ne sait pas jusqu'où ça va aller. S'ils accèdent au pouvoir et votent une loi d'expropriation des terres... Bien sûr nous sommes inquiets qu'une telle décision soit prise. French: Ils n'aiment pas les gyrophares. Ce n'est pas autorisé, c'est ça ? On fait ce que l'on veut. On n'a honte de rien. C'est seulement pour la visibilité. Les comrades peuvent voir qu'il y a de l'activité. Je verrai peut-être un œil. Vous êtes sérieux ? - Oui, pourquoi pas ? English: They have problems with the flashing light. It's not allowed, you mean? We do as we like. We're not ashamed of anything. Spanish: Ils n'aiment pas les gyrophares. Ce n'est pas autorisé, c'est ça ? On fait ce que l'on veut. On n'a honte de rien. C'est seulement pour la visibilité. Les comrades peuvent voir qu'il y a de l'activité. Je verrai peut-être un œil. Vous êtes sérieux ? - Oui, pourquoi pas ? French: Les yeux des comrades clignent aussi. Mais vous ne cherchez pas d'animaux. Non. Vous pouvez voir ce que l'on fait. Si vous regardez à droite et à gauche. Si quelqu'un est assis là, dans un champ, il se cachera. Il saura qu'il se passe quelque chose. C'est pour ça que... Quand votre mari part patrouiller, vous êtes seule à la maison ? Oui, je suis seule. Mais je n'ai pas peur. Je sais utiliser une arme. Vous avez un pistolet ? - Oui. Même sur vous en ce moment ? - Non. Mais vous avez un pistolet ? - Oui, j'en ai un. Et vous ? - Moi ? Spanish: Les yeux des comrades clignent aussi. Mais vous ne cherchez pas d'animaux. Non. Vous pouvez voir ce que l'on fait. Si vous regardez à droite et à gauche. Si quelqu'un est assis là, dans un champ, il se cachera. Il saura qu'il se passe quelque chose. C'est pour ça que... Quand votre mari part patrouiller, vous êtes seule à la maison ? Oui, je suis seule. Mais je n'ai pas peur. Je sais utiliser une arme. Vous avez un pistolet ? - Oui. Même sur vous en ce moment ? - Non. Mais vous avez un pistolet ? - Oui, j'en ai un. Et vous ? - Moi ? French: Vous portez une arme ? - Oui, j'en ai une. C'est légal ? Si c'est légal ? Oui. Pas dans mon pays. - Pourquoi ? On ne peut pas porter d'arme. - Mais votre pays est sûr. Je suis sûre que dans votre pays, vous n'avez pas à patrouiller la nuit. Non. Vous pensez que ce n'est que criminel ? Non. Je pense que c'est politique. Qu'entendez-vous par politique ? Ils veulent nos terres. Ils veulent nous faire peur... pour que nous déménagions. Si ce n'était que... pour voler... Spanish: Vous portez une arme ? - Oui, j'en ai une. C'est légal ? Si c'est légal ? Oui. Pas dans mon pays. - Pourquoi ? On ne peut pas porter d'arme. - Mais votre pays est sûr. Je suis sûre que dans votre pays, vous n'avez pas à patrouiller la nuit. Non. Vous pensez que ce n'est que criminel ? Non. Je pense que c'est politique. Qu'entendez-vous par politique ? Ils veulent nos terres. Ils veulent nous faire peur... pour que nous déménagions. Si ce n'était que... pour voler... Spanish: Je ne vous attendrai pas... si je voulais vous voler. Je n'attendrai pas que vous rentriez chez vous. Ce qu'il se passe ici, c'est qu'ils rentrent chez vous et vous attendent. Et le plus triste, la plupart du temps... ils le font quand vous êtes à l'église. Vous rentrez de la messe, vous vous sentez bien... détendu... et ils vous attendent. Ils tirent sur l'homme et violent la femme. Ce n'est pas du vol. Ils vous brûlent avec de l'eau chaude, de l'huile... On ne fait pas ça pour voler de l'argent, un téléphone ou une TV. On peut le faire sans faire de mal. French: Je ne vous attendrai pas... si je voulais vous voler. Je n'attendrai pas que vous rentriez chez vous. Ce qu'il se passe ici, c'est qu'ils rentrent chez vous et vous attendent. Et le plus triste, la plupart du temps... ils le font quand vous êtes à l'église. Vous rentrez de la messe, vous vous sentez bien... détendu... et ils vous attendent. Ils tirent sur l'homme et violent la femme. Ce n'est pas du vol. Ils vous brûlent avec de l'eau chaude, de l'huile... On ne fait pas ça pour voler de l'argent, un téléphone ou une TV. On peut le faire sans faire de mal. French: Mes parents m'ont appris à me servir d'une arme à feu. J'aime aussi chasser. Si je ne m'en sors pas, j'ai toujours un fusil de chasse. J'aime utiliser les armes à feu, mais je n'ai jamais tiré sur un homme. Mais si je devais, je le pourrais. Nous allons régulièrement chasser. Je sais viser un animal en fuite, alors je m'en sortirais. J'ai grandi avec l'idée d'une nation arc-en-ciel. J'ai grandi et joué avec les enfants du jardinier. C'est seulement plus tard que l'idée de vengeance est devenue habituelle. Mais je pense que ça dépend de la façon dont on a grandi. Je crois que c'est Mandela qui a dit : English: My parents taught us how to use firearms. I also like to go hunting. If I can't manage with a gun, I always have a hunting rifle. I like to use firearms, but I've never shot at a human being. But if I had to, I could do it. We go hunting regularly. I can hit a running buck, so I'm sure I'll manage. I grew up with the idea of the Rainbow Nation. I grew up and played with the gardener's children. Only later did the idea of revenge become customary. But I think it mainly depends on how you grow up. I think it was Mandela who said: Spanish: Mes parents m'ont appris à me servir d'une arme à feu. J'aime aussi chasser. Si je ne m'en sors pas, j'ai toujours un fusil de chasse. J'aime utiliser les armes à feu, mais je n'ai jamais tiré sur un homme. Mais si je devais, je le pourrais. Nous allons régulièrement chasser. Je sais viser un animal en fuite, alors je m'en sortirais. J'ai grandi avec l'idée d'une nation arc-en-ciel. J'ai grandi et joué avec les enfants du jardinier. C'est seulement plus tard que l'idée de vengeance est devenue habituelle. Mais je pense que ça dépend de la façon dont on a grandi. Je crois que c'est Mandela qui a dit : French: On ne naît pas en haïssant des gens. On nous l'apprend. On peut aussi apprendre à les aimer. Ça dépend de chaque maison... et de ce chaque personne ressent pour ses semblables. J'avais plein d'amis noirs à la fac. Je suis encore en contact avec certains. Mais ce n'est pas... C'est plus une différence culturelle... qu'une différence de couleur. Je ne me considérerais pas raciste. Ce sont généralement les circonstances... qui font que vous avez surtout des amis blancs. Vous pensez que les Blancs ont encore leur place dans ce pays ? Oui, je le pense. L'Afrique possède une règle. C'est la loi du plus fort. Je peux vous dire que l'on ne va pas disparaître. Spanish: On ne naît pas en haïssant des gens. On nous l'apprend. On peut aussi apprendre à les aimer. Ça dépend de chaque maison... et de ce chaque personne ressent pour ses semblables. J'avais plein d'amis noirs à la fac. Je suis encore en contact avec certains. Mais ce n'est pas... C'est plus une différence culturelle... qu'une différence de couleur. Je ne me considérerais pas raciste. Ce sont généralement les circonstances... qui font que vous avez surtout des amis blancs. Vous pensez que les Blancs ont encore leur place dans ce pays ? Oui, je le pense. L'Afrique possède une règle. C'est la loi du plus fort. Je peux vous dire que l'on ne va pas disparaître. English: You're not born hating certain people. It's something you're taught. You can just as easily learn to love them. I think it varies from house to house... and from person to person how you feel about your fellow human. I had many black friends at university. I still keep in touch with some of them. But it's not... I think it's more a cultural difference... than a colour difference. It's not... I wouldn't consider myself a racist. It's usually because of the circumstances... that you have mostly white friends in your surroundings. Spanish: Nous resterons. Si le sang doit couler, le sang coulera. L'apartheid était aussi une période violente. N'êtes-vous pas en train de récolter ce que vous avez semé ? Selon qui ? Cela fait partie de l'histoire. Tout le monde aime en parler. Quand nous sommes arrivés ici, il y a quelque 300 ans... il n'y avait rien en Afrique du Sud. Même pas une roue. S'il y avait eu une roue ou une brouette en Afrique du Sud... la situation aurait été différente. Mais il n'y avait même pas une roue en Afrique du Sud. Alors... C'est l'histoire. Nous n'en avons pas peur. Nous avons acheté ce pays en 400 ans. Ils l'ont détruit en 20 ans. Désolé. French: Nous resterons. Si le sang doit couler, le sang coulera. L'apartheid était aussi une période violente. N'êtes-vous pas en train de récolter ce que vous avez semé ? Selon qui ? Cela fait partie de l'histoire. Tout le monde aime en parler. Quand nous sommes arrivés ici, il y a quelque 300 ans... il n'y avait rien en Afrique du Sud. Même pas une roue. S'il y avait eu une roue ou une brouette en Afrique du Sud... la situation aurait été différente. Mais il n'y avait même pas une roue en Afrique du Sud. Alors... C'est l'histoire. Nous n'en avons pas peur. Nous avons acheté ce pays en 400 ans. Ils l'ont détruit en 20 ans. Désolé. French: Que reste-t-il au nord ? Rien. Vous êtes allé dans le nord. Vous voulez dire au Zimbabwe ? - N'importe où. C'était un pays riche. Que reste-t-il ? La pauvreté. Si vous êtes Africain, vous aimez vos prochains. Sans tenir compte de leur race... de leur couleur, de leur langue... vous vous entendriez bien avec tout le monde... car l'Afrique est un continent immense. Il y a tellement de minéraux et tellement à donner et tellement de personnes différentes. Si vous vous revendiquez Africain... montrez ce qui fait de vous un Africain. Et être aimable avec les Africains. - Oui. Et vivre avec les autres Africains. Spanish: Que reste-t-il au nord ? Rien. Vous êtes allé dans le nord. Vous voulez dire au Zimbabwe ? - N'importe où. C'était un pays riche. Que reste-t-il ? La pauvreté. Si vous êtes Africain, vous aimez vos prochains. Sans tenir compte de leur race... de leur couleur, de leur langue... vous vous entendriez bien avec tout le monde... car l'Afrique est un continent immense. Il y a tellement de minéraux et tellement à donner et tellement de personnes différentes. Si vous vous revendiquez Africain... montrez ce qui fait de vous un Africain. Et être aimable avec les Africains. - Oui. Et vivre avec les autres Africains. French: Au lieu d'entamer des guerres civiles et autres. Il y a encore beaucoup de choses à faire. Ce pays manque de cohésion sociale. Nous vivons encore dans nos petits territoires... où nous nous protégeons des autres. C'est vraiment ridicule à mon avis. Il y a encore beaucoup à faire. Spanish: Au lieu d'entamer des guerres civiles et autres. Il y a encore beaucoup de choses à faire. Ce pays manque de cohésion sociale. Nous vivons encore dans nos petits territoires... où nous nous protégeons des autres. C'est vraiment ridicule à mon avis. Il y a encore beaucoup à faire. Spanish: Les chiens ont vu quelqu'un bouger dans ce véhicule. C'est pour ça qu'ils aboient comme ça. Ils n'aboient qu'aux Noirs ? Non, à tout le monde. C'est la chaussure qu'il portait. Et là, c'est lui à l'hôpital. Et là, la jambe qu'ils ont ouverte. - Avec cette hachette. C'était une expérience très traumatisante. Quelqu'un qui n'a jamais vécu ça... ne peut pas comprendre ce que l'on traverse à ce moment-là. Comment vous sentez-vous maintenant à la ferme ? French: Les chiens ont vu quelqu'un bouger dans ce véhicule. C'est pour ça qu'ils aboient comme ça. Ils n'aboient qu'aux Noirs ? Non, à tout le monde. C'est la chaussure qu'il portait. Et là, c'est lui à l'hôpital. Et là, la jambe qu'ils ont ouverte. - Avec cette hachette. C'était une expérience très traumatisante. Quelqu'un qui n'a jamais vécu ça... ne peut pas comprendre ce que l'on traverse à ce moment-là. Comment vous sentez-vous maintenant à la ferme ? English: The dogs see someone move inside that vehicle. That's why they bark like that. Do they only bark at black people? -Yes. No, at everyone. This is the shoe he was wearing. And this is him in the hospital. And this is the leg they cut open. -That's from that hatchet. This is a very traumatic experience. Someone who's never experienced this... can't understand what you go through at such a moment. How do you feel now, here at the farm? French: Mal à l'aise. On ne sait jamais. C'est pour ça qu'on essaie... de se protéger autant que possible. Nous avons installé une alarme. Nous n'en avions pas avant. Si quelqu'un essaie de rentrer, l'alarme se déclenchera. Mais on surveille toujours ses arrières. Et je ne peux plus marcher très loin. Vous êtes nerveux. - Oui, je le suis. Il est très vigilant. Quels sont vos projets ? Vous voulez rester à la ferme ? Oui. On ne quittera jamais cet endroit. La ferme est dans la famille depuis 1917. La ferme fait partie d'eux depuis longtemps. Non, on ne partira pas. - Pour aller où ? Spanish: Mal à l'aise. On ne sait jamais. C'est pour ça qu'on essaie... de se protéger autant que possible. Nous avons installé une alarme. Nous n'en avions pas avant. Si quelqu'un essaie de rentrer, l'alarme se déclenchera. Mais on surveille toujours ses arrières. Et je ne peux plus marcher très loin. Vous êtes nerveux. - Oui, je le suis. Il est très vigilant. Quels sont vos projets ? Vous voulez rester à la ferme ? Oui. On ne quittera jamais cet endroit. La ferme est dans la famille depuis 1917. La ferme fait partie d'eux depuis longtemps. Non, on ne partira pas. - Pour aller où ? English: Not at ease. You never know. That's why we're trying... to secure ourselves as well as possible. We've installed an alarm, which we never had before. So if someone tries to enter the house, the alarm system will go off. But you keep looking over your shoulder all the time. And I can't walk very far anymore. You're skittish. -I am. He's very alert. What are your plans? Do you want to stay at the farm? Yes. No, we'll never leave this place. The farm has been in the family since 1917. So the farm has been a part of them for a long time. No, we're not leaving. -Where should we go? English: In the village they also rob the people. There they also kill people. So where can you run to? I wasn't born at a hospital. I was born at this farm. And this is where I'll be buried. Yes, what... Every time I visit white farmers in South Africa... I'm torn between two sentiments. On the one hand I do admire them, because just imagine living here. On a farm, surrounded by vegetation. With the idea that everything around it is potentially dangerous, life-threatening. On the other hand it's all so unbelievably depressing. Spanish: Dans le village, on se fait aussi voler. Ils tuent aussi les gens là-bas. Alors où s'échapper ? Je ne suis pas né dans un hôpital. Je suis né dans cette ferme. Et c'est ici que je serai enterré. Oui... Chaque fois que je vais voir des fermiers blancs dans ce pays... je suis partagé entre deux sentiments. D'un côté, je les admire, d'être capables de vivre ici. Dans une ferme entourée de végétation. Avec l'idée que tout ce qui est autour est potentiellement dangereux. D'un autre côté, tout est incroyablement déprimant. French: Dans le village, on se fait aussi voler. Ils tuent aussi les gens là-bas. Alors où s'échapper ? Je ne suis pas né dans un hôpital. Je suis né dans cette ferme. Et c'est ici que je serai enterré. Oui... Chaque fois que je vais voir des fermiers blancs dans ce pays... je suis partagé entre deux sentiments. D'un côté, je les admire, d'être capables de vivre ici. Dans une ferme entourée de végétation. Avec l'idée que tout ce qui est autour est potentiellement dangereux. D'un autre côté, tout est incroyablement déprimant. French: Ces fermiers s'accrochent à une idée vieille de plusieurs siècles... celle d'appartenir au peuple élu, la main sur la bible... perdus dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud avec leurs chariots de pionniers. Ils persistent à rester ici, même si en leur parlant, il est clair... que leur avenir est derrière eux et qu'il s'agit de la fin d'une époque. Merci d'avoir regardé notre programme. Spanish: Ces fermiers s'accrochent à une idée vieille de plusieurs siècles... celle d'appartenir au peuple élu, la main sur la bible... perdus dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud avec leurs chariots de pionniers. Ils persistent à rester ici, même si en leur parlant, il est clair... que leur avenir est derrière eux et qu'il s'agit de la fin d'une époque. Merci d'avoir regardé notre programme. English: Those farmers who hold on to an idea from centuries ago... that they're the chosen people who, hand on the Bible... trekked to the north of South Africa with their wagons as pioneers. And insisting on staying here, even though it's clear from talking to them... that their future is far behind them and this is the end of an era.

(lighthearted music) - [Amina] Women are like olive trees. With a little bit of care and attention, they give you a lot. Without any care or attention, they will persist, and continue growing. We are all very resilient, very resourceful, very bountiful, and always wise. (laughs) Yeah, I have a very fond attachment to the olive tree, it's a part of my being. (gentle, calming music) - [Jess] So nice here. - [Rachel] They're so welcoming. - So warm, also so beautiful. - We are here in Amman, Jordan in the Middle East, and we are surrounded by this ancient glory. - My preconceptions of women in the Middle East, modesty is really big here. In the West, we're so accustomed to "Oh, if you're beautiful you need to show it, "you need to flaunt it." - I wouldn't say I know a lot about Jordanian culture, or Jordanian beauty, but for me as a Black person, I'm always aware of traveling to new places, and you know my thought is always like, how do they feel about people of color? Or how do they feel about Black people? So far everybody's just been fascinated with my hair. (laughs) No do your face first. - True. - Come on, that's an accessory. - We're gonna be meeting Amina. She is a business woman, she's an artist, she's a mother, and she created a line using organic olive oil. You know, as female entrepreneurs, there's so many challenges that we face so I'm curious to see how they manifest. While we're in Jordan, I believe we are going to get our nails done, thank goodness because these are a travesty. - Necessary. And then we're also going to take a trip to the Dead Sea with her which is so cool because obviously, Cleopatra and all of that history there. We're also gonna go to her farm, and see where she makes all her products. - [Jess] So looking forward to what she has in store for us. Okay Rach, I think I'm done. Are you ready for like, the big reveal? - Oh my gosh, 'kay wait. - Drumroll. - Go. - Ah! - Cute, right? (laughs) Hey. (lighthearted music) - Woo, Amman looks good on me girl. (lighthearted music) - The anticipation is buildin' up. - Just got to Amina's, and she has these beautiful flowers that smell really lovely, and we're going in to meet her right now. - Hello? - Hi Amina, it's nice to meet you. - Hi, nice to meet you, nice to meet you. - I'm Jessica. - Welcome to Jordan. - Thank you. - Hi Amina, so nice to meet you. - Hi. - Smells so good. - We should go back here, this is our display wall products. So we have all sorts of skin care products that started off with the humble soap, this was the first, the first product that I did for my daughter when was three, now she's 21. (laughs) - Oh, wow. - Yeah. - We wanna learn all your secrets. - Yeah. - Yeah, I know teach me please. - [Amina] So excited to share all I have with you. (laughs) - [Rachel] Tell us about your childhood, and running around the olive groves. - Yeah, we used to go every weekend. It's a farm that my grandfather planted with olive trees in the 40s. - Wow. - We were free to run around as far as we wanted, and as long as we came back before sunset, that was it. - Amina, where did the inspiration for your business come from? - My children had sensitivities and eczema, and skin conditions. And I became aware of the dangers of chemicals found in regular skin care products. Living on an olive farm, and producing my own olive oil gave me the inspiration to try to make products based on olive oil to provide for their skincare needs in an natural, and safe way. If you had asked me what I'd be doing 20 years from now, I would have never imagined that I'd be in the cosmetic industry producing skin care products. (distant chattering) - [Rachel] Should we pick our color first? - [Woman] Yeah. - Ooh, this is good. - I'm always the same. - Yeah. - [Jess] Maybe I should spice it up. - [Amina] Yeah, I think you should. - So green, always green. I like how Jordan is all one, it's like monochromatic, a lot of sand color. I feel like I should get that color. - Yeah. My parents are, my father is Jordanian, and my mother is, she likes to put it Jordanian, but originally Swedish. (laughs) 'Cause she's been living here for now many many years, so I come from very different backgrounds. I struggled a bit when I was a teenager you know, with identity. I didn't feel I really fit in here, and I didn't really feel I fit in Sweden, you know? - I know what you mean about bring biracial though. I think that a lot of mixed people struggle with that. Like you don't fit into either one, did you feel like you had to like, be more Jordanian? - Everybody assumes even 'til now that I'm a foreigner. But you can pick and choose for both cultures, aspects that you like, and not have to fit into other aspects that you might not like. So I thought that was for me, very liberating. (playful music) - Thick black, long hair, yes. - (laughs) Yeah. But doesn't include us, so. - I love scrubs. I always use honey, and lemon, and oats. (playful music) - So we are on our way to the Dead Sea with Amina, and Rach, and we got Sarah in the back. - Okay, we have a lot of resorts in the Dead Sea, but I would like you to experience what I call a wild beach. First, an experience to see as it is in nature. The light is different, the colors are different, and they're, it's just something very surreal. - I'm so excited. - Sounds are even different there, everything's-- - Sounds? - Yeah, you feel different. - [Rachel] How is the Dead Sea good for your skin? - I have a range of Dead Sea products, we use a lot of ingredients. The water as well as the mud, it's rich in minerals. Lots of magnesium, and lots of salts. - You know what I love about Jordan that is not really talked about much in the media? There's so many powerful woman here, no? - Yeah, that's true, many woman here work, and have their own income. Not everything is what you see it as you know, so you might assume that just because a woman is, looks traditional and is covered up, that she is weak and has no mind of her own, but she isn't. - Yeah. It's so beautiful. - Yeah. - She's so hospitable, and so thoughtful of her to take us somewhere that wasn't touristy. And this place she took us was so barren. Like, you had to know like a local to go there. - Look at this color! I felt like I was in like in another planet. You look to one side, you have all these salt formations that looked like ice. Everything looked like so geometrically aligned. - It was sacred geometry. - It was insane. It is time for my twirl of the Dead Sea. And how did you feel about when we lathered all the mud on? - Oh my goodness. - That was my favorite. - I felt really-- (Rachel singing) - Like a beauty warrior? ("Undertow" by Rae Spoon) ♪ I'm waiting in suspense ♪ ♪ I should've told you what I meant ♪ - [Rachel] Yeah, like I felt powerful. - [Jess] Yeah, that's what I'm saying. - I don't know, I guess something about the minerals, like and just, it's so soft, and then just self touch is always really nice, it's a nice ritual that you just lather yourself up. ("Undertow" by Rae Spoon) ♪ It's the undertow ♪ ♪ It's gonna pull pull pull ♪ ♪ You down below ♪ ♪ It's the undertow ♪ - Look at my height. - Finally. - The Dead Sea made Jess grow. - Yeah. (laughs) - It's magical, come check it out shorties. It does to show her duality. It's the nice like resort, and like the mud, and the tourists. But what's also nice is just to see it in it's natural state. How it exists with nature, and that says so much about her and her duality. - And you're left with that glow. Glow, glow, glow, glow. It was really, really nice. - Okay, actually what makes me feel powerful is I don't believe that power is tangible. I think that power is an illusion. - Everyone feels most powerful when they achieve the things they wanted to. Everyone respects you. - People believe what they see. So even if it's not always what you're feeling on the inside, as long as you can embody what you want to be even if it's difficult, then you can become very powerful. Just pop in your earphones, and listen to Big Papa, you know? (laughs) Power walk down the street. (gentle, somber music) - Whoa. - Welcome to my space. - Oh my. - Careful there's paint everywhere. (laughs) Yeah, this is my latest painting. It's not really finished yet. Most of my paintings are olive trees. And they're many of them, especially the large ones, not the small ones, are based on my silhouette. So I stand like this, and depending on how I feel, I trace myself. - [Jess] It's like self portrait? - Yeah, yeah, the majority - That's so cool. - [Amina] of them are self portraits, yeah. I was just thinking about it, that it's very unusual. I usually communicate here, but not using words. - [Jess] How do you manage the logistics of running a business, being an artist, you know, a family? - Initially I was you know, just work, work, work. And you know, when you have your own business you tend to sleep it, eat it, dream it. You know, I wake up at three o'clock in the morning and oh, I forgot to do that, and that's it. You know, you're switched on, you can't go back to sleep again. Then I realized you know, to keep going, and to be able to sustain this, I needed to you know, find my balance. I have to dedicate one day where I just don't go to the factory, and I dedicate it to painting. (gentle, somber music) (birds chirping) - [Rachel] It's so nice to see that you've done everything in a company, and so you know how everything works. - I had to learn, (laughs) I had to figure it out. 'Cause it was just me in the facility, in the factories. We are happy to have you, - Thank you. - and the extra hands, but you have to work. You have to work for the olives, and the oil. - I will work for olives, and stay. - (laughs) Okay, excellent. - Hello, Jessica, nice to meet you. (speaking foreign language) Nice to meet you. - [Amina] We have to get dressed, yeah. Using skin care products and having it in a factory is totally different than the studio. And there is a very big difference in the way that I keep my factory, and the way my studio is. And I am so surprised at myself though, 'cause you wouldn't think it's the same person. - [Rachel] Okay, ready? - [Amina] Ooh, ooh, that's nice. (laughs) - I like these, they're very profesh. - [Amina] I've since now maybe four, five years exclusively only hire woman. - [Jess] Staying kind of in the middle? - Yeah, stay in the middle, and then just pull light. You weigh through so you don't get the, as women, I think the best thing we can do for each other is to support each other, and work together. So I think for me, empowering women is the most important thing 'cause through empowering, women around me, they'll be empowered, so women in general are empowered, and I think the world would be a much better place. We all face our days in the same way. So yeah, it's very important. I like it when ladies get excited about machines, it's something very satisfying. - I know that smell from two minutes ago when we were inside, wow. It feels so good. (lighthearted music) (speaking foreign language) - [Jess] They're calling me Honey. - You have women from the Jerash camp working with you every year, what does that relationship specifically mean to you? - It means a lot because I think women who come from you know, in situations like them, like refugees. They've probably been born into being refugees, and they're going to be refugees for the rest of their lives. They feel marginalized, they don't feel seen. - I think a lot of marginalized people are usually people of color, and they look like me. - I think women in general are very resilient and resourceful. So whatever cultural limitations, or expectations, or you know, things they're allowed to do, and not to do, they find a way around that. (lighthearted music) - Gosh! - (mumbles) Sit there, yeah. - This is a dream. - Oh my gosh, look at this. - Wow. - And fresh olive oil. - [Rachel] (gasps) From your land. - A lot of people think that beauty is oh you know, I have this little magic potion, let me open it up, and that's it. No, it means caring for yourself, caring for others. Providing a safe space for you to express yourself, and for others to express themselves. (distant chattering) - Yeah, try those with, and these are the different types of olives you need to taste. Different-- - My mouth is watering. - [Rachel] I know, I'm like so ready for this. Do you think that you're beautiful? - It's a process, its not, what I was when I was 15, 16, 20, 25, 30, 35, I'm not the same person. You know, I look back at you know, chapters in my life like chapters in a book. There's an introduction, there's the main body, and then there's a conclusion. - [Rachel] Is there a conclusion, you know? - The best conclusion that can be is you being accepting of yourself, and totally accepting it without you know, being worried about what others are saying, and you know, wanting to please others. Just that's, I think the ultimate conclusion. (laughs) (birds chirping) - Thanks for watching Beauty Mark. - If you like what you saw, subscribe for more. - Subscribe for more. (laughs) I said it. - You did it. Okay, you're leaving me. - Oh, sorry, sorry, I got really excited. (laughs)

Welcome to Unit 5. The main topic for Unit 5 is cryptographic protocols. We're going to look at ways to use the things that we've seen in the previous 4 units to solve problems. So we'll be using symmetric encryption, we'll be using cryptographic hash functions, and we'll be using asymmetric encryption to solve problems. And the main problem we're going to solve is how to authenticate between a client and a server. Any time we talk about cryptographic protocols, we have to think about what our threat model is. If we want to argue that a protocol is secure, we need to understand the threat model, which means knowing the capabilities of the adversary. In order to argue the protocol is secure, we need to argue that an adversary with only those capabilities will not be able to break the protocol. So what are the kinds of things we need to assume? The first main assumption is that the adversary has limited computational power. And that generally means that we're assuming that our encryption primitives work and the attacker who intercepts a message encrypted with some key k is not able to decrypt it unless they know k or have some other advantage for decrypting that message. We also assume that hash functions have the properties they should-- that it's preimage resistant, so an adversary who has the hash of x cannot figure out what x was, and that they also have strong collision resistance-- that an adversary can't find 2 values that hash to the same output. We might also make assumptions about what the attacker can do to the network. If the attacker is passive, that would mean that they can only eavesdrop. They can listen in on messages on the network, but they can't modify them and they can't inject their own messages into the network. A more powerful adversary would be an active attacker. An active attacker controls the network. They can modify data and messages. They can replay messages. That means they can record messages on the network and then at some later time replay a message that they heard previously. They can also do attacks like we saw against Diffie-Hellman where they act as a middleman intercepting traffic between 2 parties and replacing it with their own traffic. So let's have a quiz to see if you understand threat models. Which of these threat models would be a good model for an adversary who controls a router on the Internet?

Hey guys! I'm Trina and today I want to do a different kind of review. I want to talk about adult coloring books. I don't know, I just want to talk about coloring. Coloring is fun. The one that I have specifically is the Secret Garden by Johanna Basford. She has another one that's out called The Enchanted Forest, which is also very very popular. And she's got a new one coming out in October called Lost Ocean. Adult coloring books are very very trendy right now so there are several different ones out there, not just the Johanna Basford books, but this is the one I have. When I picked this one out I had trouble knowing which art medium I wanted to use on it. Did I want to use colored pencils? Gel pens? Markers? So that is specifically what I will talking about in this review today. It's probably more a review of the paper quality and what you can use in these coloring books. Obviously, I can only speak about this coloring book that I have but I would think it is safe to assume that because the Enchanted Forest and the Lost Ocean are also by the same artist and same company putting them out that the paper quality would probably be the same. So you can probably assume that what I'm saying is good for all of Johanna Basford's coloring books. Basically, the reason I'm doing this review is because it took me a long time to pick out which coloring book I wanted. I would really just suggest going on Amazon, searching for adult coloring books, and just doing the preview images. You can also look in the customer reviews -a lot of times reviews do include images of their finished product too - and just look at the art styles and see if it's a style that you like. I would highly recommend the Johanna Basford adult coloring books because one thing that's really cool about them is it's not just coloring, there are actually a lot of pages that ask you to finish the image or fill in your own details. These are actually front and back printed, so you get double the amount of images. Another cool thing about this is that you can remove the cover and the inside of the cover can be colored, and then you can color the actual binding of the book. So I felt like the Johanna Basford books were a better investment because I was getting basically double the images, but I was worried about bleed through. Since they are printed front and back, was I going to be able to use markers or were they going to bleed through? I have used all 3 of these different mediums in my coloring book : colored pencils, gel pens, and markers. I'll start with the markers first since I was just talking about bleed through. You can actually read a lot of customer reviews for any of the adult coloring books that mention what those different customers are using in their coloring books and how they perform. So I kept seeing the name Staedtler as a brand of markers that don't bleed through and I picked up a 20 pack. I got mine at Staples, you can also find them on Amazon, and I've seen some Staedtlet products at Target so you can check there. Specifically I went with the fibre tip markers because they not only have the very small tip, but they have a broader edge that you can color larger spaces with. I'll give you a close up of what the tip of these markers look like. Another option you can get with Staedtler markers are the fine tipped, but I didn't want those because I didn't want to be dealing with large spaces and coloring it in with this teeny tiny little point. So, these work good for the fine details and the larger spaces. And I've had absolutely NO problems with bleed through whatsoever. I have colored 1 page with the markers so far and I will show you the back of that page too to prove that there was no bleed through for me. The paper is pretty thick so I think that it would probably take most markers alright, but not like a Sharpie. So I would definitely suggest the Staedtler brand if you don't know which markers to pick up. So like I said, a lot of customer reviews of these coloring books will mention what they used and I saw so many people mentioning gel pens so I picked up a pack of Fiskars gel pens. I got a 48 color pack and they have like, neons, pastels, metallics, glitter. They can really get in there for the fine details and have a lot of great colors. The true downside of the gel pens is that it just takes a while for them to dry. As you go all over the page you might smear it before they have had a chance to dry. But if you can deal with the drying time, or if you can rotate the page so that you're not smudging it with the side of your hand, or if you can just go left to right or right to left then I don't think you'll have that much problem with it. I've used gel pens more than any other of these mediums in my coloring book so far. I'll show you some close ups of these images too. The end result really is great with the gel pens - I really like how bold the colors are and the different textures you can get because of the glitter or the metallic or the neon. And lastly, probably the most commonly used coloring method is just colored pencils. I have a mixture of Crayola, Prismacolor, and Faber-Castell brand colored pencils. I would just say to start out with a basic pack of Crayolas. They are very affordable. You can get like 48 colors and then once you start actually coloring with them and noticing which colors you wish you had, then you can go to like a craft store - Hobby Lobby and Michael's I know sell individual colors of Prismacolor and Faber-Castell. They will cost you about $2 per pencil, which is a little bit steep, but it's a good way to start out with a basic set of Crayolas and then supplement as you come across colors that you wish you had. Prismacolors and Faber-Castells do go on a lot more smoothly and they blend a lot easier, but to be honest, Crayolas work really well on the paper in this Johanna Basford coloring book because the paper is very smooth so it lets them blend out really easily. So really, any of these options are going to work just fine in these coloring books. So, that was my really unusual review of a coloring book. I hope that maybe this had helped you and answered some questions that you might have had because I had those same questions. Thank you so much for watching and I will see you in the comments. Byeeee! [Outro Music]

Today's tropic is may not be liked my many because it is coming from my heart if you find it good then like it or dislike it and do comment how we can improve it so in the past our country used to called golden bird because people lived here like a united but with the invent of many kings,our country got seperated and after that british capture us and made us fight among us and british became the king and again our country got united and fought for the freedom and finally we got it but after the freedom our country could not unite because of cast and creed higher cast is big,small caste is minor,hindu,sikh all that so british put this illogical things in indians to divide at that time in village big caste people disrespect small caste people and untouchability concepts so to deal with this an act was passed so to uplift this lower caste they made a reservation in order to provide jobs because the one who has more money they get respect so to provide the lower caste respect they made a reservation so with this the upper caste people too more advantage of them and started to criticizing them you can't do this and all that so to deal with this one more act was been implemented sc/st act so in this act if you hurt the lower caste you would be jailed recently we had all india strike because of the change in the act in the new act if a guy hurt the lower one then there would be inspection first and if he will be culprit then he will be sent to jail but still this act can be misused in the village were upper caste can suppress the lower caste so this act was introduced so that to overcome the misuse of the law here not any system is perfect in olden times people with less money are lower caste and with more money are higher caste by default but suppose in 1800s the sc guy used to be poor and we helped him to uplift now we is uplifted and his son too is uplift but we provide them the reservation and the next generation too will be having reservation basically if a guy needs something then provide them,but if we make them used to it then he may misuse it what they are doing is if you are uplifted then you did not want a sc/st reservation. if your father earns enough,then does you need sc/st reservation? here I need to modify the system law the person who is below poverty line so we can make a criteria if a guy earn this than he will be in this criteria and like that accordingly now I am not only targeting the villages but I am talking overall generally we see that poor people are suppressed in the society and not the rich so we can categorise in a different way like the most poor one will be having this type of quota and the least one will get this type of quota as we see recently we saw many protest about chaat andolan,patel andolan all that,I can do make my protest about general andolan,come and protest with me one more thing about reservation suppose out of 100 seats 20 are reserved so out of 80 seats all the caste,including sc/st will be competing here one more thing,news channels and papers always try to distract you buy make a fake news,so I recommend you not to watch it if you are a sensible person,then think of it does hindu,muslim affect person mentality in news we see dalit is killed by someone,Hindu Muslim fight these things does not matter,if you categories in 123 if some one is earning less then Rs 10000 then put in one cetogory all the cetogories must be corruption free most of the officers give the certificates on the basis of bribe but it will be misused again,so the one coming under this cetegory must get the some advantage and not the all so that they can't misuse it suppose I come in a 1st cetegory then and for example my income is less then R$s 10000 per annul so if I earn Rs less then 10000 then I would not have a property on it if I have then either I need to quit the reservation or the property or if my family does have it then again I need to quit it so with this misuse may stop,according to me so according to me do not divide the country,instead develop you thinking we are separating the country based on caste,due to this in coming years guys will misuse the law,and again the country will tend to divide and lead to disaster most of you did not have liked my point of view but this is my point of view do comment your point of view below buy good night whenever you are watching the video

Hi Friends, Before begin this vlog,I would like to share this info that, I had my quarantine between April 18th till May-4th 2020. Hi Friends, Before begin this vlog,I would like to share this info that, I had my quarantine between April 18th- May -4th 2020. The aim of this vlog is to pass the message to everyone not to be afraid of covid-19 . by following systematic & regular healthy habits in our daily routine.we can survive this epidemic quickly hi friends, AssalamualAikum My name is Shahana Abdul Khader wishing all my friends a very peaceful and happy quarantine days we know,most of us are in quarantine this days very few people like us were in real lock down due to covid after getting result of Covid test ,we were in real Isolation for 2 weeks here I am sharing my quarantine days experience with you all. Sharing my personal experience in this video with you all my covid journey started not from my work place or not from my family or not from my friends. I got it from my villa were I stay in Qatar I am living in a sharing villa here Upstairs owner of the villa & down stairs us one of our villa mate got it first and then his family too got effected. they were public servants,medium of getting Covid were from them so our neighbors got identified positive first 5 of them from our neighbors family got positive results,immediately they informed us on the same day asked us to inform health department & say we are exposed to the patients and need to take covid test or else directly go to Wakra emergency hospital to do the test . we have a test center for direct test available there in Wakra hospital First we got little panic how much we were taken care for it and never went out side of our villa till that day finally it reached to our own compound.just think about it. decided no need to worry about it, because our family strongly believe that god has a plan for everything, to be honest still I was little panic because I have a child and husband to take care of next we contacted many times in health department they said ,if you don't show any symptoms no need to panic and stay at home safe we were still tensed because we were sharing the same Main entrance door with our neighbors in the villa we never knew about it first,my kid used to play outdoor often after her online class. I was tensed that she also got exposed to the main entrance area finally three of us went to Wakra hospital directly to do the test that day evening but they didn't do test for my husband and kid,because they were not showing any symptoms for it if your exposed to patients they stay upstairs and you stay down,so no need to worry they said when I explained in detail again,they were ready to do the preliminary test In that I show mild fever [38] & and my blood pressure was [140] little high. due to my mild symptoms in primary test ,they took only my swab test on 18th April -2020. The same day we approach them to do the swab test for my kid and husband but they didn't do test because of no symptoms shown by them and send us back home . as you know I am a teacher I was doing my online class work on 19th Aril Morning time,that was a Sunday Sunday's are working days in Qatar.during online work time, I received a call again from Hamad health department. a lady doctor contacted me and said your results came positive. get ready with your bags, we will send you an ambulance to take you to communicable disease center [CDC]for more detailed check up later I was there at home for 3 days home isolation waiting for ambulance. I was lucky that I had a facility for using single bedroom & bathroom during isolation at home [which is very important] my husband and kid used the normal bedroom facility at home for my kids safety, quickly my husband did sanitize all items at home which I was using till that moment I stood 3 days in complete isolation at home . I must say my husband is the one did everything during those 3 days of my strict home isolation, what ever I need I used to inform him through whatsup & IMO.He is the one taken care of everything at home including our kid . we have a little corridor between our bedroom and living room to go upstairs. we call it as Majilis in middle east .that was the place,I choose to do my home quarantine. our normal facility was very close to this quarantine living space

♪ [theme] >> Tom Harrington: This week on marketplace... [gas pump bell] getting hosed at the pumps. >> Who do we trust? >> Tom: Are we being misled into spending millions we don't have to? >> Which gas is better for my car? >> Supreme. >> Tom: Wasting money on gas most of our cars don't need. Oil companies are misleading drivers? >> Absolutely! >> Tom: We put Premium gas to the test, and you won't believe what we find. >> It's actually hurting the environment! >> Why are they selling people a kind of gas that they don't need? ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> Tom: We're cruising along the back roads of Southwestern Ontario. It's the marketplace gas challenge. Premium versus Regular. Which one will come out on top? Stay tuned for the lowdown on high octane. ♪ ♪ No matter what you put in your tank, the price across the country is high, too. And for Premium, well, you pay a premium. As much as 15 cents more per litre than Regular. We're at a gas station in Toronto's East End. How are you doing? Can I ask you a couple of questions? Gauging your gas-buying habits. What do you know about Premium gas? >> I think it's better for your motor? >> It's supposed to make it run better, right? >> It burns cleaner. >> It's supposed to be better for your car in terms of, I don't know, some additives or something that they put into it. [♪] >> Tom: Ads like this seem to drive that home. [♪] >> Announcer: Shell V-Power. Our most advanced fuel ever. >> Tom: Making the pitch that Premium's better for your car. >> Announcer: Nitrogen-enriched for optimum performance, maximum protection. >> Tom: Now, it's true that some car-makers recommend putting Premium fuel in their high-end models, but what about most of us who drive regular cars? Do you ever buy Premium gas? >> Sometimes. >> In my other car, I did. >> Once in a while, I do like to because they say it's better for the car. You know? >> Tom: Who says? >> Uh, I don't know! I guess just other people that have worked at the gas stations and stuff have told me over the years. >> It's better quality, I think. This is what they say. >> Tom: Did it require Premium? >> No, but I mean, it's supposed to be better for the car, right? >> It's a treat. If I've got extra money, I think, okay, I'll put the Premium in today. [chanting] >> Tom: Treating body and mind with care is at the centre of Karuna Brandy's life. >> Sending the breath into the joints. >> Tom: She teaches yoga out of her home in East-End Toronto. >> So, we're actually increasing the lubrication here. >> Tom: A believer in the holistic approach, even when it comes to buying gas. >> I'm so not the right person to ask. >> Tom: As we learn when we first meet her at the pumps, putting higher octane gas into her Honda Civic. So, why? >> Because I get better gas mileage with my car. >> Tom: On the higher--? >> On the higher octane. >> Tom: Well, what have you heard about Premium gas? >> I'm a yogi eco-person. So, in my mind-- I don't know if it's true or not, but in my mind, I believe it's true that if I buy the higher-grade gas, it burns cleaner. [♪] >> Tom: Is she right? We want to find out if Premium gas really does all those wonderful things. So, we're doing three tests with a regular car. Does it run better, go farther, burn cleaner with Premium? The choice for our first experiment is Shell's Premium V-Power. We're using this 2013 Chevrolet Cruze, one of the best-selling passenger cars in Canada. And our lab, if you like, is the Canadian Automotive and Trucking Institute in Cambridge, Ontario. Marty Stanfel is running our test. He's been an instructor here for more than 20 years. How'd I do? >> That's great. >> Tom: Okay, thanks. Hey, Marty, Tom Harrington. >> Hi, Tom, how are you? >> Tom: Thanks for helping us out today. >> You're more than welcome. >> Tom: Okay. Let's see, we're testing Premium versus Regular gas? >> That's right. >> What will this machine do? >> What this machine is going to do, is we're going to measure the performance of the car by measuring the horsepower and the torque and see if there's any difference between Regular fuel and Premium fuel. >> Tom: So, what do you need me to do? >> I'm going to strap down the car and then I need you to do 50 kilometres an hour. >> Tom: Okay. >> And put on the cruise control, and we'll get some numbers here. >> Tom: Great. Let's do that. [♪] >> Tom: Our first test is looking at performance. Does the engine run better on Premium? We start by running the Chevy Cruze on Regular gas. What is this telling us about how the engine's performing on Regular gas? >> What it's telling us right now is that this is taking this amount of horsepower to make these wheels turn, and using up that much fuel. >> Tom: We have our reading with the Regular. Time to switch over now to the Premium fuel. Okay, I was going to say fill 'er up, but I think you have to empty it. >> Good point. >> Tom: I've never done that before. So, we drain the Regular gas. And put in the Shell V-Power Premium. We have Premium gas in the car now, so do you expect any of those numbers to change? >> I'm thinking this number here is going to drop. I'm not too sure about this number, but I'm thinking this number here is going to come in at a lower number. >> Tom: And if it's a lower number, that means what? >> That means that the engine is running more proficiently and doesn't need as much power to make it run the same speed. >> Tom: Okay. >> Because of the high test fuel. [car accelerating] >> Tom: So, what are we seeing? >> We're seeing the same numbers as before. That's very interesting. >> Tom: What do you make of it? Shouldn't the Premium be lower number? >> You would think. >> Tom: What does that tell you? >> I think what's happening here with the Premium fuel running through here, the computer of the car is compensating for that. And it's going to give you the same numbers because that's what that engine was designed to do. So, proficiency and efficiency of the car, by putting in Premium or its desired Regular octane, it's negligible, you won't see a difference. >> Tom: That's right. Our test shows our regular car does not run better on Premium. [♪] Car talk has been Mark Whinton's second language since he was a boy. Today, he's an automotive teacher and writes a blog on the car industry. Mark's also an expert witness on car cases in Ontario Superior Court. What's your recommendation to people about what gas to use? >> Regular. Always. >> Tom: One of the things about Premium is that it makes your engine perform better. True or false? >> No. That's false. >> Tom: How many would even notice the difference between the two? >> Nobody. I mean, you could blindfold me, I couldn't tell the difference. [laughs] >> Tom: We ask Mark to put his mileage where his mouth is. He gets the keys to the Chevy Cruze for our second test. We want to see if our car gets better mileage on Premium. This time, we're using Esso Supreme. >> Set trip to zero. Resetting gas... and off we go. I expect the result to be very, very close; within a half a litre per 100 kilometres. And stop. Five litres. Full stop. 4.8 litres. >> Tell me about the results, based on what you're seeing? >> I don't see any difference at all. Any variance you would get would be due to just the testing variance, just between the equipment itself, its tolerances, the car itself, its tolerances. That's it. You're not seeing any real-world difference. >> Tom: Is there any benefit at all to putting Premium in a regular car? >> No, none whatsoever. I don't know how to put it any plainer than that. [laughs] >> Tom: And Mark doesn't just talk the talk. He drives the drive. Remember that muscle car he likes to take for a spin on a nice day? Well, GM may recommend Premium, but Mark puts Regular in the tank. >> If I was going to go to, say, a racetrack or something, definitely I would put Premium in the car. But just driving around to and fro? Don't need it, not required. >> Tom: They talk about the idea the engine knocks if you're not putting in the right kind of gas. Have you ever noticed anything like that with your 'vette? >> No. Modern cars have a lot of engine management technology that tunes the car while you drive. So, if you put in a Regular grade fuel and the engine does knock, before you hear it, the engine will change the timing and get rid of the knock. >> Tom: How much money have you saved, do you think? >> Oh, about 10 bucks a fill-up. >> Tom: Mark isn't a lone wolf on this. None other than the U.S. government agrees with him. The Federal Trade Commission, the FTC, says using a higher octane gas than your owner's manual recommends, "won't make your car perform better, go faster, get better mileage, or run cleaner." And, "Unless your engine is knocking... is a waste of money." Back at the gas station, how will car owners react? >> Oh, really? I'd be surprised, but not. >> So it shouldn't be 15 cents more a litre, right? >> It's a scam. [laughs] That they're getting us with the thinking that it's better for our cars and really it's not. >> Tom: Do you think gas stations, oil companies, are misleading drivers about Premium gas? >> I think so. Oh, yeah, absolutely! >> Tom: In the U.S., the FTC says the same thing. It's gone after some companies for misleading advertising. Esso's parent company, Exxon, agreed to run new commercials after giving drivers in the U.S. the wrong impression about Premium. So, what's the sales pitch here? We're taking our hidden cameras to gas stations across Canada, and find out there's a premium on accuracy. >> This one is 87 per cent clean. This is 89 per cent clean. This is 91 per cent clean. [♪] ♪ [theme] >> Tom: We're pulling up to the pumps and putting claims about Premium gas to the test. The American government and many experts are warning drivers not to waste their money on Premium. So, we take our hidden cameras to gas stations in Halifax, Toronto, and Vancouver. Will they make the pitch for Premium in a regular car? >> What would you recommend? Should I get the Premium or the Regular? >> Tom: Some seem to give the correct advice. >> I think so, Regular. >> In this? >> Yeah? >> You don't need it. >> Tom: But others say Premium is king. >> Should I get Regular or Premium? >> Premium, sir. >> Premium's better? >> This car need a Premium, yeah. >> Which gas is better for my car? >> That is the... Supreme. >> Tom: And one of the reasons they're telling us to go with Premium over Regular? >> You're going to notice more gas mileage. >> You will know the difference by your mileage. >> You can get more mileage out of this gas. >> Tom: Better mileage, in a car that doesn't need it, and a claim experts say is simply not true. The oil companies pump up another claim about Premium gas. >> It keeps the engine clean so you don't have to buy all those cleaners. >> If you want to be a little on the safer side, take 89. >> What will that do, though? >> It's a little more cleaner. This one is 87 per cent clean. This is 89 per cent clean. This is 91 per cent clean. >> Tom: Clean can mean all kinds of things. >> Announcer: Esso scientists have engineered gasoline on the molecular level to help clean up intake valves and help deliver better fuel economy. >> Tom: But to the oil companies, clean is all about the detergents they put in their gas. >> With 20 per cent more cleaning agents than before... >> Tom: And they sell it like other people sell laundry soap. >> [whispers] No other gasoline protects your engine better. >> Tom: Petro Canada goes so far as to call its gas "RegularClean" and "SuperClean". Our expert, Mark Whinton, says, time to come clean on this one. >> I've noticed that they're making everybody think their engines are dirty and they need to be cleaned, and that if you clean them, you'll get better performance and things. You know, engine's today stay pretty clean. I mean, it's a bit of a fallacy to think, oh, we have, you know, hundreds of thousands of engines running around, they're all gunked up that need cleaning! It's simply not the case. And all the other gases, their regular gases, have detergents as well, as mandated by law. >> Tom: The FTC agrees on that one, too, "high octane gasoline does not outperform Regular octane in preventing engine deposits from forming, in removing them, or in cleaning your car's engine. In fact, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that all octane grades of all brands of gasoline contain engine cleaning detergent additives." We have the same rules for Canadian gas. There's another Premium promise that you hear from the oil companies; that Premium gas is kinder and gentler for the environment. >> This is the heal-all, so it heals on all levels. Hi, baby. >> Tom: Remember our yoga instructor? Karuna Brandy elieves in tending to and protecting the Earth. So, even though Honda recommends Regular, Karuna puts in Premium gas because she believes it causes less pollution. Time to clear the air. ♪ ♪ Our third and final test is on emissions. We're back at the Canadian Automotive and Trucking Institute, where Marty Stanfel gets a reading with Regular gas. >> You'll notice here we're only having six parts per million of hydrocarbons, that's a very clean car. >> The overall tells us what? >> This tells us that this is a very clean-running gas, with a clean-running car. >> Tom: Now, out with the Regular and in with Shell V-Power Premium. Any difference to be expected? >> Again, I'm hoping to see lower numbers here now because the Premium fuel is supposed to be a cleaner-burning fuel. >> Tom: I step on the gas. And what do the readings say this time? >> The hydrocarbons are up a little, which means there's unburned fuel coming out of the tailpipe because we're compensating, and the Premium fuel's not getting used up like it should in a Premium-fuelled car. So, therefore, it's actually hurting the environment. Whether or not you're cleaning your valves and cleaning the inside of the engine, I couldn't say that's true. But I think you are hurting more of the environment now by running the Premium fuel in a Regular-fuelled car. >> Tom: We show the test results to Karuna. So, what do you think of that? >> I'm speechless. Why I think I'm doing this is because of the opposite of that, thinking that I'm being cleaner as a driver. And then I have a question, because why are the oil companies making these different grades of gas, and is it an education for us, as consumers? And who do we trust? >> Tom: Time to find out. ♪ ♪ We're taking our test car to each of the big three gas stations. Will they tell us to put in Premium? >> What would you recommend we put in? >> Tom: And we ask the companies, why so much fiction at the pump? >> Companies are not putting these millions of dollars into research just for the fun of it. It is actually-- >> Tom: Well, they're trying to make money. ♪ ♪ ♪ [theme] >> Tom: Our marketplace gas challenge shows when we put Premium gas into our Chevy Cruze, it does not perform better, does not get better mileage, and does not reduce emissions. In fact, it creates more. So, we decide to take our test car to each of the three big gas station chains to see if they'll recommend Premium or Regular. First up, Shell... >> Hi, how are you? >> Hi, there. What would you recommend we put in? >> Regular. >> Regular? >> Yeah! >> This attendant gives us the correct advice... And when we ask about the Premium V-Power? >> No, no. This car don't need V-Power. >> Oh, okay. >> This is GM car. It's Regular. >> Tom: Up next, it's Esso's turn... >> Which would you recommend, Premium or Regular? >> For this car? You can put the Medium. >> So, it's worth it, the extra money? >> For me, I recommend you put Supreme. >> What would it do? >> That's, like, you can drive like more mileage on there. It's going to clean all the injections and everything. Supreme is good. >> Tom: So, in goes the more expensive Supreme, into a car that doesn't need it. Finally, we take our test car to Petro Canada... >> What would you recommend we put in? What kind of gas? >> Ultra 94. >> But it costs so much more. How come? >> Yeah, I know, because it's the best. >> Tom: We ask Petro Canada, Esso, and Shell for on-camera interviews. They decline our offer. We bring our test car to Montreal to meet the man who represents the oil companies. Mr. Montreuil? >> Yes. >> Tom Harrington from marketplace. >> Very pleased to meet you. >> Tom: Carol Montreuil is Vice-President of The Canadian Fuels Association. Want to start with a simple question. >> Yes? >> Should people put Premium gas in a Regular car? >> Well, it's a very good question. One has to look at the driver's manual. It's very clearly spelled out if you need or not, a Premium, a Premium fuel. >> Do the companies that you represent, like Shell, Petro Canada, Esso, Husky, do they tell people to put Premium in their cars? >> Absolutely not. Absolutely not! >> Tom: We took this Chevy Cruze to three different gas station chains. And we basically asked that question. I show him video of our test. >> But it costs so much more. How come? >> Yeah, I know, because it's the best. >> Tom: What did you make of it? >> Well, I mean, it stresses the importance as a driver to make your homework and understand what your car needs. The first attendant offered Regular. >> But why are they selling people a kind of gas that they don't need? >> Well, again, I mean, when you say it doesn't need it, the basic requirement for the car is indeed to put Regular gasoline. Companies spend millions of dollars in research to find the best additive, what we call detergents, we put in gasoline, to keep cars running cleaner. If you do try these higher Premium gasolines and you feel that your car is performing better, you might choose to stay with that Premium gasoline. >> Tom: In a regular car that doesn't-- >> Even in a regular car. Absolutely. >> We took this car for a test. It did not perform any better. It did not burn cleaner. It did not get better mileage, putting Premium gas in that car. So, how do you explain that? >> Well, it's a matter of time, as well. In terms of an engine becoming dirty with deposits in cylinders or in valve, it will not be a matter of days or weeks. This would be over a long period of many months or many years that you will, as a user, decide if this new Premium gasoline you're putting in your car is indeed giving you a better performance. >> Tom: But I'm surprised to hear you suggest that running Premium gas in a regular car that doesn't need it will enhance its performance because there are experts around the world, there's tons of research out there that says the opposite. >> Well, the problem is that, again, you cannot look at it only from an octane point of view, but more with respect to the additive, which are detergents. Now-- >> Tom: But every gasoline has detergents in it. Putting more in only means there's more detergent. >> Yeah, but then, then it's up to you as a user. You know, like companies are not putting these millions of dollars into research to find this best new additive to put in the Premium formula of gasoline just to... for the fun of it. It is actually-- >> Tom: Well, they're trying to make money. >> Yeah, I mean it is because, obviously it's not the same formula. What this research on our side is telling us, is that it will keep your engine cleaner with these higher formulation of high-value additives. >> Tom: Seems much of that research is hard to find. We do come across a couple of Petro-Canada studies, claiming its Premium gas cleans your engine better than Regular. But neither study measures "SuperClean" against Petro-Canada's own Regular gas, which already has extra detergents. In fact, one study compares "SuperClean" to a gas with no detergents at all. No wonder their "SuperClean" comes out on top. ♪ ♪ How can we make a decision when the information is ostensibly skewed because it fits their agenda? >> Yeah, like, I'm not privy to this research, I haven't looked at the research, I haven't looked at the details of the numbers that have come out of the research. But I think, at the end of the day, it's not the research that should decide, its the consumer with the performance they're getting with their car. Again, no one is forcing anyone to buy this Premium gasoline. >> Tom: But if they're being misled into thinking it's doing things it can't do, then, yeah, they are! >> Yeah, well, then you have to try it. >> Tom: Been there, done that, says Karuna Brandy. >> Now, I'm driving my car knowing it has Premium gas in it, wondering if my emissions are higher than if I was driving my car with Regular gas. >> Tom: After our test results, she's seen the light. >> Could you fill it with Regular please? >> Sure. >> Tom: One driver making peace with the world. >> So, now I have this, like, awakened consciousness about what kind of gas to buy. Thank you, Tino! >> No problem. >> Tom: So, the next time you visit the Premium pump, you might ask yourself, are you doing your car a favour, or the oil companies? ♪ ♪

governor -- and yesterday the legislature failed to override that veto. The votes of state representative Glenn Holmes from Trumbull County -- left some people wondering where he stands on abortion. First News Anchor Stan Boney this afternon talked with Holmes. Stan's live in the studio with he had to say. When the Ohio House of Representatives voted November 15th on the heartbeat abortion bill -- Trumbull County's Glenn Holmes voted in favor of it -- one of only two Democrats in the House to do so. But yesterday -- when the House voted to override the governor's veto -- Holmes changed his position -- voting not to override. [E5]20181228 HEARTBEAT BILL-VO I talked this afternoon with the state representative about his votes. Holmes says he's pro-life -- but he accepts that abortion is the law of the land. He says he voted for the bill the first time -- so he could -- in his words -- "get a seat at the table" with the Republican majority -- and add items to the law. Holmes favors state government paying for birth control -- free IUD's, free condoms -- even free vasectomies -- all paid for by the state. He also wants to spend money on babies after they're born. [E6]20181228 HEARTBEAT BILL-SV "YOU KNOW ARE WE WILLING TO GIVE MONEY TO TANF FUNDS, TEMPORARY AID TO NEEDY FAMILIES. ARE WE WILLING TO GIVE MONEY TO ADOPTION SERVICES, AND FOSTER CARE AND ALL THOSE MEDICAL NEEDS, AND NUTRITION NEEDS THAT KIDS NEED. AND A LOT OF PRO LIFERS AREN'T." Holmes wanted the birth control and after birth programs funded -- and when the Republicans wouldn't give him what he wanted -- he changed his vote -- and said no to overriding the governor's veto. Republican leaders in Columbus have already said the heartbeat abortion bill will come up again next year. Governor- elect Mike DeWine has said he will sign it. But Glenn Holmes says if it does not include birth control and after-birth programs -- he will vote against it. Live in the studio -- Stan Boney -- WKBN 27 First News. [E8]530

The whole personalized approach that Summit’s using here is pretty amazing because the student feels in control of picking what they work on. It’s a very empowering system that the dialogue between the teacher and the student is is really about “hey, how can I help you?” You know and they can really focus attention on kids who need it, and kids can go as fast as they feel equipped. If they need to spend more time on a particular thing, that the time is there. Okay, so students first are absolutely incredible. They own this place; they're like our founding students. They really rise to the challenge. I’m so excited for you guys to interact with them today and to ask them how they interact with the PLP. Once you figure it out, you see what projects line up with which subjects, and what you’re supposed to know for each project. Every one of the students I talked to has thought about what careers might be a fit for them. They don’t have to pick exactly, but in terms of realizing “boy, if I eventually want to work in medicine or software, the work I do today is what enables me to have those opportunities.” It all connects back, all the way to the specific learning plan that they’re working on. I think what this school gives to students who come here from different backgrounds is a hope that they can do what they want, and I know it’s different for everybody, but once you get here, you feel that you can succeed. We learn from each other and I think that’s what makes this school very different and very strong. The kids are working together and they know what they’re doing. Just the community here is quite amazing. I met some incredible teachers and incredible students. I strive to be my teacher’s. I strive to be like the people in this school, and I say that’s something you can’t explain with just words.

It will be a win if you give more people that are interested in opportunity to buy from you, that's going to guarantee be a win. Hey, what's going on? It's Joel Erway with another very special episode of Sold With Webinars. Today, you are in for an amazing treat. So I'm going to hit you today with another very special interview series. We're going to have a joint expert on here, a co expert, Felicia Pagesh, and she is an international business consultant and digital marketing expert with over a decade of experience in working with some of the world's leading experts in the areas of business success, joint ventures, personal development, and health and wellness. And today we're actually going to be talking about something that we've never talked about before, which I have always had the idea to, but I've never executed, right? Because I'm a content guy. We have tons and tons of content, but we have the expert. We have somebody who's done over $35 million with her webinar strategies with herself and her clients. And she's going to talk about a very unique opportunity to repurpose your webinar content, to appeal to all different types of audiences. Felicia, I'm excited. Welcome to the show. Hey, how's it going? It's great to be here. I'm very excited. So why don't we kick this off real quick? Give a quick 30 second background about your credibility, your authority. Let our audience kind of, you know, rather than me talk about it cause I've got your bio right here, but I love to hear it from, I like to hear it from you. Hi everybody. My name is Felicia. I'm a six to seven figure business consultant. I typically help with growth strategies for business owners who have sort of a webinar or some kind of campaign strategy in place. I'm a glorified, a whole poker, which means I could basically go into any campaign and within just a couple of minutes, I could find the biggest areas to leverage and figure out some strategies that we can put in place to improve based on the speed that it takes to implement them and the level of impact that they would have once implemented. Like you said, I've been doing this for about 12 years now. I've worked with Brian Tracy, Mike Koenigs, when you were CATI, a lot of people in the digital marketing, personal and development space. And also I'm a partner in a diet and health brand called the 17 day diet. Um, so essentially that's me and that's kind of what I'm going to talk to you about a little bit today is how to kind of repurpose some of this content, referencing some of the different brands that I work with and how some of these strategies work across the board, regardless of industry, which is what's really, really cool about it. Content repurposing with the webinars. Is this something that you always kind of had an idea for? You say that you're a glorified hole poker. Where did you come up with this idea? Was it, was this one of the holes that you poked in one of your client's strategies and it ended up being like a massive win? Like where did you come up with this idea? That would have been the cooler way to go about it? It's selfishly how it came about is because, you know, we all, you know, I've worked with all these different companies and I see the investment that goes into creating these webinars, right? It's like this core content piece that gets worked and reworked and tweaked, and it costs a lot of money and it's just this huge outpouring of everything of love. And I'm sitting there going personally, I would never watch this. I'm too type A, I would never sit here and watch, you know, a one hour, content piece, but I'll make a decision with just a couple of, you know, if I can read a couple of lines of texts, that's enough to get me somewhere else. And, I realize I'm not alone in that when I talk to other business owners who also would never watch this thing. We all know that it works so well, but it's like, if we're not going to consume it, who are we expecting to consume it? And why would we, you know, just kind of limit ourselves in that way. So selfishly, it just came from my own disinterest in spending an hour of watching content in that way but realizing that, you know, the message is there, it's polished. It's a perfect way it converts. So how can we find better or different ways to appeal to people that consume differently? Felicia. I got to introduce you to our mini webinar system. That's the whole reason why we created the mini webinar for the type a clients who don't have the time to sit through a webinar. But I think what you've got here is an excellent, excellent alternative for repurposing this content. So let's kind of dive into it. Tell me about, let's start with like the first story, the first project that you worked on with this, with repurposing like how did it go? What was the, what was the project? So I was working on a, I was working on a webinar for it was actually for Brian Tracy, we were doing our how to write a book campaign. And you know, there's a lot of, there's a lot of different variables that go into that. But when you're, when you're measuring your results, right, this is the first place that a lot of people make them mistakes is by not having the right tracking in place to measure their results. So they're kind of shooting blind. So we are measuring our results to see, you know, how many people showed up, how many people stayed, how many people actually heard the offer, how many people, you know, bailed before they even heard anything but we know they're interested in the topic because they opted in for it. And so we were kind of toying around with that. We had a pretty big drop off pretty early on. So we were building a follow up sequence is actually to, to capitalize on those campaigns. And then, you know, it kind of just, it kind of just came to me well, why don't we, you know, these are people that want to write a book, I'm sure that there are other ways that people learn how to do this, besides, you know, this one particular way. So I started to just toil with that and kind of rework it a little bit and thought. Okay, why don't we transcribe this? Why don't we turn that into an ebook and why don't we give people the option to consume either in the webinar format or in the book format and lo and behold sales came in immediately. And that was before the, these people would have ever heard the offer otherwise. And I'm like another great example of this was when I was working with Mary Morrissey, we were doing a campaign for her where, you know, as a PLF, like product launch formula style campaign, it's the three videos. And you don't hear it about an offer until, you know, video four. That's the solution. So we're on video one, run video two, and, you know, we just live in a more instant gratification world these days, so people are consuming differently. So instead of having just those three videos on the page, we had options to transcribe video on transcribed video, two transcribed video three. So you can actually read the full portion and go along $40,000 came in before anyone would have heard an offer before an offer was even made. Oh, yes, by just by retweaking it a little bit and putting that content in front of someone that wants to consume it differently. So when you, I want to go back to the Brian Tracy campaign, right? Cause this is, this is a big, this is big. Aha. Okay. So for anyone listening right now, let me ask one question before I kind of. Expand on my thought. Did you tweak when you had that transcribed, right? You said you had a pretty big drop off early on. So people weren't even seeing the offer. So you had it transcribed. And did you send that to the entire registration list or did you set it? Just the people who are, who, who jumped off here's what's really cool about it is that there's, there's two ways to really utilize it. One is to get more sales. From the webinar, one is to get more leads into the webinar funnel. So we, what we did is we first, the first thing we did is we put the option and to download the ebook on the webinar watch page. So it's just a very, very subtle, soft sell, like find a soft selling, but a very subtle link that says, click here to download the ebook. So it's not advertising it because you know that your webinar's still your poor sales component. You still want people to consume that as possible. It's now saying, you know, you could put this on the replay page or I would put it on the first run page. I'm all about putting the offer in front of as many people as possible. But Yeah, we are going to be best friends. We are going to be best friends, like, like a hundred percent anyway. So you, if you had. Your preference, you would put it immediately like right on the live page. Yeah. That, and here's what else I would do. That's what we learned from that it's really cool is to get more leads into the funnel. Right? So if you're, if you're an opt in page is, you know, go here for this workshop training, go here for this, whatever it is, right. Free, whatever. Perfect. But, you know, and a lot of people will go in because they're interested in the topic and you know, the ones that won't show up, maybe they're just not consuming that way, but there's a whole bunch of other people that would love to maybe read about it first. So you can actually use that ebook or that written piece as an incentive, right on your opt in page. So it would look like, you know, signing, not for this free dah, dah, whatever minute workshop or in your case, you know, mini workshop or whatever it may be. But just by having this little bonus incentive right on your opt in page, it says, plus when you sign up, you'll get a free, you know, 12 page or 26 page ebook. It just overcomes any kind of resistance by now offering both of those options because you know that in the followup sequence, you will give them one or the other, or both in some capacity. So just by putting that on the front end, you're now opening up the funnel to, you know, double or triple the amount of leads just by offering that consumption type to appeal to people on the front end. So have you seen opt in rates go up when you 100%. And what's really fun is from there. You can even flip flop it. Because, you know, every everyone's audience is different. It's always worth the test. So what we like to do is sometimes we'll we'll feature, you know, sign up for the free workshop. Plus at the bottom gets your bonus 26 page ebook. Right. Then we'll flip flop that sign up for your free 25 page ebook. Plus when you do get a bonus mini workshop. So have you seen one outperform the other, or like what's your preference? I would say. There is no right answer for any of the individual campaigns I've run. I've seen some brands respond incredibly well to the ebook first workshop second. But I've seen it work totally the opposite way for other ones. That's why this is a hundred percent of something to try out as a test. And just to see what the response is like. Yeah. Also, you know, it may open up more leads on the front end, but it may, you know, hinder sales on the backend. So you always want to be cautious of how you're testing that. And I still always recommend putting the webinars first, once you get someone into the funnel, advertising those things in any variety of ways that it gets more leads into the funnel can only help you later when you're capitalizing on that through the conversions in the funnel. This is like one of those things where you just think it's like, you think people should have already figured this out, like, especially, especially marketers, right? You think that somebody like this would be more mainstream than it is, and it's like, we've already got the content created, why not turn it into a fricking ebook, send it to rev.com like get it transcribed. That's exactly what you're doing. Slap a cover on that bad boy at a table of contents. And what's really cool about this. What I love so much about these eBooks is. Three weeks, three weeks after your live launch ends or whatever. Um, you know, the sales slow down, obviously you don't have the urgency, things like that with the ebook, you're getting sales three weeks later, you're seeing where the heck are these things coming from? Oh yeah. I put a one page offer in the back end of my ebook. I put subtle, soft sell links throughout my ebook, and now people are going to an evergreen sales page and buying this product. From an ebook that I totally forgot they had, that was sitting in their inbox that they just decided to look at today. Wow, man. That's like, it's, it's, it's kind of, man. I just feel, I feel very, uh, I feel horrible about myself right now, because it's, it's one of those things where it's like, you could get so much more mileage for what you've already built. It costs so much time, money, and resources to create these things that we just, you know, we don't squeeze enough juice out of those. Yeah. A hundred percent. So with, so going back to the Brian Tracy campaign, so did you say, um, Would that specific example, like, do you remember, who did you send that to the entire registration list or did you only send that to the people who opt opted? Who, who jumped off early or yeah. For the ebook? Yeah, because you said that was kind of like a last minute thing, like you saw. Yep. So what segment did you send that to? Yeah. So what we did is, you know, basically what I do is I create behavior based follow up sequences. So I was not part of the process and basically saying, okay, there's kind of three different groups here. So the people that opted in and showed up, okay. And then there's the people, but they didn't stay long enough to hear the offer. And there's the people that opted in, showed up, stayed and heard the offer, but didn't take the call to action. Then there's the third group of people that opted in and didn't show up at all. So in my, you know, there's kind of this three of an audiences, which means for the first audience that showed up for the offer and just didn't respond. You know, I don't want to send them a webinar again, this is kind of how this started is they've already seen this webinar. Clearly. We didn't do a good enough job to overcome resistance with this group of people. So let's send them something else maybe that, you know, would be more helpful. So. We actually took that ebook and put that in front of them because we don't know, you don't know how much of it, they, you know, they may pet it on the background or whatever it may be, but we don't want to send them the exact same piece of content. Let's just see if we can put it in front of a minute ago. And you know, that's where we started with that group. Then there's the group of people that didn't stay long enough to hear the offer. So those people, we gave them another chance to watch the replay. And on the replay page, we put the option to download the ebook. Then for the third group of people that just didn't show up at all, we gave them another opportunity to show up in that group. We did the exact same thing. We put the ebook right on that page. And then from there you'll either watch it or you won't, so you may see the ebook or you won't. So then we would just go straight in the followup sequence from email to ebook. So it feels like a total different piece of content, but you're really driving them to the same kind of thing. It's just, you know, shifting the perception, shifting your purse. I know what content actually is, and it's just a series of ideas and those can be delivered in a lot of different ways. Perfect. Yeah. So it's interesting because the marketer in me is thinking like, okay, if I had a webinar and we had the people drop off super early, I would have been like, crap, the contents off, like Holy crap. Like, so like we have a big issue here. We have a really big issue here. But what you're saying is not really like, you know, maybe for whatever reason, the presentation or the person who was presenting just wasn't compelling. Like you have no idea why they dropped off. It could be timing, you name it, but the content was actually good. Like it was, it was still good enough to convert you just going to switch them over. That works for the people that, that kind of content works for, which is great because everyone has something that works for them. And really, so to you, if you have a webinar. Because if you have a webinar, you have eBooks, you have action guides, you have workbooks, it turned those into fillable workbooks. You actually have blog content, which I would use to, you know, the last part of that campaign we would send to the people that just did nothing months later, we would send them to blog posts that were basically just deconstructed versions of the three talking points in our webinar and the people like those and went to those pages. We opted them back into our newly recoiled webinars sequence to see if we can get their interest that way through just reading a different consumable piece of content. Let's let's break this down even further. Okay. So we talked about the Brian Teresa campaign, like how other, I mean, and you kind of just already touched on it, but like, How else do you start to repurpose it and tie it all into? I'm assuming this all comes into the same campaign. New campaign, it's all secular. Yeah. That's the great thing about it is you don't have to create anything new or spend any more money. Everything that we talk about today is something that you can do within the next 24 to 48 hours. And most people take just one of these ideas and it makes a major, major shift. So some of the other cool things you can do, you know, if you've got the webinar, you can transcribe that into an ebook. We talked about that one. The other thing I love to do, and it sounds like you guys do, might actually be doing this already is, you know, these, these micro workshops, which for us is really a deconstructed video sequence. So what we do is we take the webinar, which of your three main talking points, right? We take that, we add a tip and tail voiceover. To the introduction so that you have three now separate pieces of video content, you had a separate intro, a separate call to action at the end of each of those videos. And now you have three different opportunities to find it an angle. That's going to appeal to someone because maybe your webinar, how to do XYZ. Sounds great. But if this person here's just one of those specifically, that one angle that really interests them, that might be enough to draw them in. Then they want to stay for the next video in the next video. So it's just another angle to get more people to consume that content by breaking it down into those three video pieces. So you've got the three video pieces and you said this is all part of the same campaign. So is this after the initial campaign, the initial webinar campaign ends? And you are those three workshop videos, are they three separate invites or do they have to opt into the video series? Like, is this, is this a PLF video series or these are three separate or these are just ungated. You do not want to hinder people from watching your content that want to consume it in whatever way they want to consume it. I would never get it. Basically I would send this to anyone who's already opted into that sequence, but how I'd also send it to people that haven't, and, you know, if you want it to put the opt in on the back end of that video and then bring them into the sequence that way, do that as well. But, you know, If your content in any way, it has a, has the potential to sell to somebody who wants to content and more of it. Stop preventing them from being able to do that. So I would in the, in the sequence, I would have those completely ungated, they're just content pages with video content, I'd add a little subtle, soft sell link at the bottom. For more information go here drives to your evergreen sales page. And then simultaneously I would also go to my whole list of people that haven't opted into this whole thing. And I would say they opted like, watch this great video, just watch this great video. And they go to a page that has the video content. And then on the back end of that, yeah. You could say, if you want more videos like this, tell me where to send them. And then, you know, it's just another way to get opt-ins into a different part of this funnel. And then you can even rearrange that around so that after those three part videos for the new people that just opted in pop of webinar in the backend. Perfect. So what I'm understanding correctly is this webinar is really a live launch webinar. Once it ends, then you turn it into an evergreen sales page. Right. And you've got all the contacts I have two in my pocket waiting, I have my live launch page for the live launch. That's happening with my bonuses, my urgency, whatever gets removed whenever the launch ends. At the same time I have my standalone evergreen sales page. That is just whatever the price is that I want this product to be. I don't have it published on my website, but I have it ready for any of the people who buy before the offers made in a live launch. I haven't ready for anyone that reads my eBooks that I had transcribed. And anybody else that just sees a link and is curious, wants to click it and might buy that product. So they're not feeling duped by, you know, not getting the bonus stuff because they're never seen it. As soon as they buy from this evergreen page, they're going to be suppressed from this campaign. They're going to get their deliverables and they're going to be extremely happy. Awesome. So what's interesting is this secondary campaign of all the repurposing it's completely evergreen mean? There was no, there was no time deadlines on all of it and any, any of it. Right? This is truly just like it's. Whenever they're ready to buy. Like there's, there's that opportunity. So do you ever include any urgency in that kind of second helping campaign? The repurposing campaign? Yeah. I mean a hundred percent basically, you know, if you put these people into, you know, if you, if you've got your live launch webinar, you're doing everything you can to get those people to watch it. Right. But if they're not going to anyway, the evergreen thing is what's going to be your catch all forever. So you can do a lot of things with you know, full disclosure, by the way is always what has worked best for me, not pretending like it's live. If it's evergreen, whatever's on demand is on demand. People don't like to feel like they're being duped. Well also I feel like in some cases, urgency makes sense. In other cases, it's not necessary. So for those things, you can do a lot of fast action bonuses. It's just that you cookie it to the countdown timer that applies to when they see that page. And when they set that up, you could definitely do things like that where you are providing extra value for someone that takes action right away, or, you know, you can also have a countdown timer that removes something. Whenever, you know, the countdown timer goes away. So rather than giving a bonus, it's saying. This is what you were going to get for this price, but if you don't buy it within the next amount of time, then you're not getting this part of it. So it makes it yeah. Easy for you really when you're, when you're doing it in an evergreen format to add and remove things that are still urgent makes sense. Without them actually being, you know, in the, in the launch sense, urgent. So if somebody gets your ebook in the middle of that, and I think I'm getting too deep in the weeds here, and I hate doing this. So if this sounds too technical, then we can move on. But the ebook that you send inside of your initial webinar launch campaign, you said that links to your evergreen sales page? That always links to the evergreen sales page, because you don't want to get someone who, you know, sees a live link from the launch and then reads that ebook later and then feels duped by it. So that's why as soon as I do a launch, I always have my secondary evergreen offer page and campaign ready to go. Cause it's, it's basically just, you're here launch page, but you're removing some things or you're changing some of the urgency so that it's standalone. So it's a duplication of that with some small modifications, super easy. And it's super easy to do if you just remember to do it at the same time. And so if somebody buys that during the launch, they ever say, Oh, I wanted the bonuses or I went to the wrong link, and then you just, you just give them access or in the bonuses, you always honor, you know, what, what your commitment is in. You ultimately wanted them to have that anyway. Right. Just that they saw in a different way. So of course. Cool. All right. So let's talk about those three workshop videos. Do those have to be rerecorded separately? Are you just taking them from the webinar? So here's, what's super cool about that is if, if it's done in a way where you're going through three talking points in a webinar, which is your typical structure, then with your webinar content, I mean, with your, with your video workshop content, all you're doing is you are recording a, an audio voiceover introduction. Hey, this is Felicia today. I want to talk to you guys about something really important. It's how to repurpose your content for webinars specifically. Okay. And then that's it. And then you edit that, just pop it over a slide that comes at the beginning of the video. Then you attach the content for the topic of the webinar. Make sure you remove anything that was time sensitive in that time. And then you just put an end call to action. You record an audio. End call to action. Thanks so much for watching. If you really like this, go to this page for more information, you can get all the details here and that's it. And then under that little video is a soft sell link that goes right to your evergreen page. So you can literally use the exact same webinar content. Like you don't have to rerecord it. It's the exact same content they pulled from the webinar. Are you just putting the pre roll and they, and you know, the bumper, the bumper content, right? Tip and tail on it. And now you have a whole standalone piece of content that could use in, like I said, any number of ways, not just a video, but any number of ways. So on your whiteboard behind you, for anyone who's watching the video of this, you've got kind of, I think this is this whole thing mapped out, right? And so we talked about the ebook. We talked about the three workshop videos you've mentioned audio. What is your favorite one that, what is your favorite type of repurposed content that you get from a webinar that it seems to make a really big impact. Yeah, for me, it's, it's the double usage of the ebook transcription on the download page. I mean, on the workshop watch page, but also the usage of that on the opt in page to incentivize, because you could literally double your sales and your leads with that. One thing I've seen it happen across multiple different companies in different industries. Just by doing those two things. It's and it's simple stuff, right? It's it's just an adding an incentive. It's not going to hurt anything to put that on your opt in page. It's just not going to hurt anything. It's just another thing. Oh, well, okay. Yeah, sure. I get two of these things. Great. And you know, and then you're giving yourself a forever opportunity to get a sale from the person that three weeks from now, that's that email off the shelf and decides to read your book and then, you know, goes and buys. It's amazing. So the ebook is really kinda the one that you've seen make the biggest immediate impact. It's so simple to do so simple to do. You already had the next thing you could do. The next thing is with those, if you decided to deconstruct it into the video series, what I've seen work really, really well is to take those individual topics that you have transcribed. And instead of turning them into disguise, you can actually turn them into fillable PDFs. So it then becomes like a, it becomes like a workshop series where you're talking about something in a video and, you know, in your webinar you might be addressing things like ask yourself, what's the number one thing you could do to XYZ, right? You're like working through a process sometimes. So instead of just transcribing those three content pieces, you could actually make those fillable. Ask some questions and let them work through each of those pieces of content. So then they really become invested in consuming your content because it's not only something that they can just read or look at. They're actually utilizing it to, you know, to make changes in their business, which also hooks them into wanting to stay for videos two and videos three, because they're kind of building an action plan. So we call it it's action guides or a workbook that goes along with your workshop training. And that makes it a whole different level of perceived value. That's awesome. I mean, you could, you could even build out an entire micro site, like now that I think about this, like you'd have three. Compelling blog posts at least three compelling blog posts. You can pull from this webinar. You can have worksheets, you can have videos, you can have your webinar and you have your sales pages. Like you could create an entire micro site with content, like ready to rock and roll just from one. Not only that did you already have. You've already got all this stuff. It takes literally 24 to 48 hours. Everyone that I, when I do this presentation live, there's always someone that will reach out to me a day or two later and say, just by changing this one little thing, I had this done overnight after I've watched this and I got 10K from just making that little, like the stuff is so simple, it's just not obvious. And it's so easy to do, which is what I love. It. Doesn't like everything I do is based on speed and impact. And so this is both of those things and it's my favorite way to rework stuff. The other thing is, Oh, yeah. So there's some other stuff that you get as well with this, basically, there are people who, for whatever reason, one on watch this, but they're not in a place where they can watch it. They want to read it, but maybe they're not in a place where they can read it. Also trans I also have all of them, my MP4s turned into MP3s. And so after I put the video in front of them, after I put the ebook or the transcript in front of them, the next thing I do is say, Hey, Free download, listen to it in your car to get anywhere you want to go put it on your, you know, whatever, whatever it may be. And then the only change you make there is you create an audible call to action with a really easy to remember link. Like, so just go to, you know, activate branding forward slash book or whatever. It may be something that they can audibly remember, because if they're driving or something like that, you want that URL to. It'd be something they can easily go to, but I've had, you know, a lot of people take sales from listening to this, on their commute, home, this webinar, you know, it's not the same as a podcast, but it's similar. And it's similar in that there's, you know, it's content that people are interested in consuming in a way that works for them. Man, I feel like such an ashamed of marketer, cause I don't do any of this stuff and I like number one, we already have the, like, this is, what's sad. We already have my webinar that we've got running. That's doing very, very well. It's already transcribed and we've just done nothing with it. So it's like, okay, I'll get my content team to actually slap a design on it. Do you go through the entire offer, like with the transcripts at the end or did you, do you condense it onto, like, how do you design these books? I mean, is it literally like once you're growing? Cause your offer can be sometimes 45 minutes, long, 30 to 45 minutes long. I mean, Do you cover all that stuff? Or do you cut some of that? No. So basically what I'll do is well there's two ways you could do it. I've done it both ways. And it also depends on your price point too. I mean, if you're selling like a $3,000 program or something, you're going to need a little more convincing, so it may be something where you give, you know, just the transformational benefits of your offer and then you drive them to, you know, an offer page with more detail. But what I like to do is, is just basically say, you know, if this is the end of the content, if this was of interest to you, I had this amazing thing that you might like it's benefit, benefit, benefit benefits a couple of paragraphs about why, and it's a really short form offer page. And I'm simultaneously within the copy, wherever it makes sense in the copy. I like to hyperlink certain lines of text. Yes. That are called to action type texts. Like if you really, like, we want to learn more about how to engage X I'll just hyperlink that stuff. So not to be aggressive about it but I've also been aggressive about it and put in banner ads, ads, or things like that too. I mean, it, again, it's not about, you know, people are so afraid to. Put themselves out there and to kind of ask for the sale, but you're hindering so many people that want what you have to offer by being subtle all the time. Yep. A hundred percent man. So we covered a lot of stuff. Right? We talked about your ebook repurposing for the webinar. We talked about possibly turning this into a microsite, which you could do. You talked about three workshop videos. You can turn those into blogs. The biggest aha for me is. I don't have an evergreen sales page and it just doesn't make any freaking sense. Why I don't have one. How long would it take you to build it from your current I'd clone? I'd clone the existing one and just have it, have it hosted on a different URL. I would remove some of the bonuses that are that's actually the reason why I didn't have an evergreen one is because of my fast action. Fast action bonuses are time sensitive bonuses and. I'll just take those out and I'll remove it. So that stays legitimate and have, you know, the, the everyday price or whatever the price is going to be for the evergreen one without those bonuses. Or think about, you know, what other, do you have any other digital bonuses that, you know, can be fulfilled differently or, you know, that are, that are still high value, but don't require, you know, physical commitment or things like that. Like everyone has those. Yeah just changing the bonuses around to make it, to make it more appealing. I can't believe I've never had an evergreen sales page that just kicks me. That kills me right now. Like I've had people say, can you hold, can you change the timer? You know, I'll, I'll get the money in a little bit. And it's like, and I would always say no, like it's, it's connected to my deadline funnel. I'm exactly like you, like, I, you have to maintain your brand reputation brand is huge for me. And. But, and that's why I never had an evergreen sales page, which is just stupid. It's just so it's just dumb. It's so simple, poor business, poor business. But so we talked about, you know, having your, your two sales pages, we talked about turning your videos into workshop PDs, which I love and this all started with your, your first, I don't know if it was your first client, but the first time you use this one, Brian Tracy's and what, what were the results for that? So you said you had, you had the, um, I want to go back to that. I keep going back to this and I feel like I'm, I'm going place as an interviewer, but this gets me really, really excited. But how did you know that that was a big win? Like, what were the sales like once you sent that PDF? Like you notice a drop off, but yeah. Well, that was 10 years ago. So I'll be honest. I don't remember. But what I do know is is that it was an immediate win because we were getting sales right away that, you know, beforehand, it would take, you know, you, you opt in, you wait a day or two, you have your, you know, your whole process to get to where you need to be. See, but with this, as soon as we made the change, sales came in consistent. So, I mean was 10 years ago. I don't know. I don't even remember, but we just know that it was a win because before we didn't have it, and then we had it and then we made money with it. So that's the easiest way. It will be a win. If you give more people that are interested in opportunity to buy from you, that's going to guarantee be a win. But the real winner I think, was with, you know, with the Mary Morrissey campaign, whenever, you know, we didn't make an offer until video four. But on video too, we already had, you know, 40,000 yeah. In the bank. So it's yeah. I mean, it's just, it's certainly something that I recommend everyone try because you know, your content is so good already. So it's, it's something that you've invested so much in. So squeezed the juice out of it and put it in front of people in other ways, or people like me who were to type a, to ever watch your webinar, no matter how good it is. Well, so you're gonna like this Felicia. So I have the saying called MTD, which is make the dang offer. It's like the whole motto of what we do with many webinars. And like the first thing that somebody sees is our offer. It's not free training. It's not free content. Like we want the promise and we make it in the ad. It's not even like once they get to the content, it's the ad makes our promise, makes our offer. So we get those people, raise their hand, say they're interested. And they come through and they're buying five, 10, $15,000 offers and getting them to know that they are going to be sold to. So there's no resistance around that. It's like, I'm interested in this. What do you got? I hope I get targeted with your ads cause I'm interested. Yup. Yup. So, uh, We are on the same wavelength because I, I, you know, running the webinar agency, we, you know, we've seen so much drop off and like, you build this massive machine, right? Like, how do you get your, how do you get the most bang for your buck with, uh, with these webinars? And I just am very ashamed that I haven't done that with any of my clients we did do. I will say we did do one ebook for one client. But it didn't go to an evergreen page. It went. You know, it went straight to the countdown timer. And so that link was gonna be dead. Like it was so we really can't justify if it, if it worked or not. But man, fantastic stuff. Is there anything that we left out that you wanted to make sure that we, we talked about it just one more thing and it's along the lines of squeezing the juice with repurposing. When you guys do your webinars, how do you address or like at what point do you address, resistance. Maybe be more specific. So like what type of resistance? Yeah. So like basically, you know, someone, I don't know what your campaign sequence looks like, but you, you asked them to watch the webinar, they watched the webinar, they still didn't buy from you. What do you do to kind of, do you send emails to like overcome price objections, or do you do videos on that? Or how do you. Normally it will be emails just for ease of use. If we're building this out for a client, you know, the main video asset that we're creating for them is the webinar. And then all of their objections will be handled through email or on a sale or on a sales page? Yeah. Yeah. I was going to say, because there's a lot of people who, with their webinars we'll do a Facebook live Q and A's or we'll do some sort of like live interaction with their group. And a lot of times, you know, the questions they get popped up in chat during a webinar or whatever, it may be are questions that are specifically, you know, perfect for overcoming objections to the sale. Right. So a lot of times we're answering questions that say, No, no. Surely in fact, you know, while you should buy it because X, Y, Z, and you'll find that those are a lot of the same questions over and over, right. It's kind of redundant. So what I do is I take those anytime. It's a lot Q and a, or any part of my webinar where I'm addressing people. I transcribed that, and that's what I use to create my FAQ or price resistance emails that go into the campaign. So I'm basically answering and overcoming the same objections. That the most people had just, you know, earlier on and it gives you an opportunity to directly like snap that, you know. When you say earlier on like, does that, I was assuming that's still went in your followup sequence or what do you, what do you mean earlier on. So with the webinars sequence, you know, there may be portions of that, where you do some, some sort of live interaction. You may have a live chat on there where you'll directly address questions and answer those questions. Or you may do some Facebook live outside of that during the promotional bays where you're taking people's questions. And a lot of those questions are, you know, price resistance questions, or buyer hesitations, for other reasons. But you know what all of those things are because you're already prepared for that, which is why, you know, you're at the point. When I'm watching it. So I take whatever those questions are that I get just earlier in the live part of my campaign, when I address those questions, whether it's in my webinar or whether it's on a Facebook live or whatever it may be, I specifically transcribe those portions. And then that's what I'll use to create the emails that I put into my followup sequence to overcome price objections. So just like you said, that you have those emails in the autoresponder that say. You know, here's some commonly asked questions or here's some FAQ or whatever it may be. I actually generate those instead of writing them or having copywriter write on them. I generate those from exactly what the people told me that their concerns were just earlier in this campaign. And I use that as the FAQ that I put into that campaign. So it's repurposing that exact content to respond directly to the people that have those questions. Perfect. Felicia, man, this was awesome stuff. This is awesome stuff. This has never been talked about on our podcast. If you're doing 120 episodes, we've never talked about repurposing. We always talk about traffic strategies or conversion strategies, which this is technically conversion strategies. But I mean, this is like taking your webinar and running an extra 100 miles with it. Right? If your webinars took you 10 miles, it's going to take you a hundred miles, which is fantastic stuff. I mean, I'm really, really ashamed that I have to admit. I don't have an evergreen sales page for my core product. And that I think is the biggest shameful admission that I have on this, on this entire conversation. I mean, tons of great content you've talked about, but it's like, man, why don't I like, I keep, I just keep sending them back to the webinar, go to the webinar. I'd like in the back of my mind, like, I know that's not efficient, but I'm like, I don't want to sell it again with the same bonuses in anyway. Want to recreate this. I don't want to have to it's a lot. Yeah, exactly. And that's why I love this so much because you don't need you. It's just a lot of like one to kick yourself or stuff that, you know, it seems obvious, but then you really don't want to kick yourself because it only takes 24 or 48 hours. To actually make that change and then you'll be like the happiest person ever. Is it a pretty common response, but it's, um, that's why I love this so much is because we're busy, especially a lot of us that are solopreneurs or, you know, I have a lot of other stuff going on the easiest way for you to take what you have and just make, you know, more money, generate more leads with it, without it being the biggest headache in the entire world. Where can we check your stuff out? So let's drop some links. Let's send people your way because you obviously have very, very great content. Where can we find you? So if you go to activatebranding.com, uh, you can check there's a free resource section on there where I have some really great strategy guides for building out your campaign, but also there's a presentation on there where I gave this speech. It shows you the exact examples of how I would utilize a video first versus ebook. Second on the opt in page model, I'll show you exactly where I put things in terms of what the ebook looks like, where the soft selling scope, examples of banner ads and all that stuff. There's a presentation on that there. And there's also some other checklists and things like that. Very cool. We'll make sure to include that in the show notes, Felicia, this has been a 10 out of 10 conversation. I appreciate you bringing your knowledge, your expertise, sharing it with my audience. If you liked this episode, if you like this conversation, please go check out Felicia's site. We're gonna include the link down in the show notes below. Give her a shout out, let her know that you heard her on Sold With Webinars. Tell her that you love her and tell you love this content because it was really, really world-class and we'll see you all on the next episode. Thanks for tuning in.

- Hey, it's Camille. Today we're gonna be making Puddy Holly Bubbleroon. Scout, Taylor and Kelsie will be compounding. This product is super moisturizing. If you're stressed out during this holiday season, take some time for yourself and have a holly, jolly bath. Each Puddy Holly has three bubble berries. Scout will be compounding those and that's our first step. Scout is going to mix all of the ingredients together and then each small, little berry is going to be rolled out by hand. Kelsie is going to make the main component of the bubbleroon. The first thing Kelsie's going to do is weigh out her essential component. It contains Tonka Absolute and almond oil. Then, she's going to add the colors, which will give the water that beautiful, turquoise hue. Finally, Kelsie's going to add powders like cream of tartar and sodium bicarbonate, which will leave your skin feeling silky smooth. Once the ingredients are blended, the mix is sent over to the production assistants. This is where the top and bottom pieces of Puddy Holly are made. For the top part, we use a lighter green mix to form the leaf, and place the three tiny little holly berries on top. For the bottom part, the mix is rolled in almond oil and glitter and then placed into a mold so it takes it's shape. The same method is used for the top piece, which goes underneath the leaf. The last thing that puts Puddy Holly together is the jam, which is going to be compounded by Taylor. The main components are shea butter and cocoa butter, which also leave your skin super moisturized. Once the butters are the right temperature, Taylor adds bubble mix, which makes the waters even more sudsy. Last by definitely not least, the production assistants will jam the top and bottom pieces together. And there you have it, Puddy Holly Bubbleroon. Have a holly, jolly bath time. Thank you for watching. Leave a comment below to tell us what you want to see next on our How It's Made videos, bye.

Spanish: Desordenada desde el principio El vlog de hoy es Baking🍞 (Horneado u.u) ¡Volveré después de que 100 g de mantequilla se hayan derretido completamente en el microondas! Mantequilla linda uwu ? Qué La receta dice mezclar 50 g de azúcar blanca, 50 g de azúcar morena con mantequilla ¡Espero que la receta que sigo esté bien! Portuguese: Vlog Diário Zoe Confusa desde o início O vlog de hoje é Assar🍞 Volto depois que 100g de manteiga estiverem completamente derretidos no microondas! Manteiga fofa ? O que Receita diz: misturar 50g de açúcar branco, 50g de açúcar mascavo com manteiga Espero que a receita que estou seguindo esteja certa,,! Russian: Бойцы потеряны Сегодняшний влог посвящён выпечке 🍞 Я вернусь после того, как 100 грамм масла растопятся в микроволновке! Это довольно красиво ? что В рецепте сказано смешать 50 гр белого и коричневого сахара с маслом Надеюсь, рецепт нормальный Spanish: Haciendo un desorden desde el inicio. En el vlog de hoy estaré horneando 🍞 ¡Volveré luego de que estos 100g de mantequilla hayan sido derretidos en el microondas! Linda mantequilla. ¿Qué? La receta dice que debo mezclar 50 gr de azúcar blanca y 50 gr de azúcar morena con mantequilla. Espero que la receta que estoy siguiendo esté bien.. Turkish: GÜNLÜK VLOG zoe Bugünkü vlog fırında pişirme🍞 100 gr tereyağını mikrodalgada tamamen eriteceğim şıpır şıpır(ses çıkaran) tereyağı bu ne? Tarifte beyaz şeker 50 gr kahverengi şeker 50gr ı tereyağıyla karıştır diyor Lütfen bulduğum tarif doğru olsun Beyaz şekeri koyuyorum Thai: วุ่นวายตั้งแต่เริ่มเลย สำหรับ Vlog วันนี้จะเกี่ยวกับการอบขนมนะคะ🍞 เดี๋ยวฉันจะกลับมาพร้อมกับเนยที่ละลายแล้ว 100 กรัม เนยที่น่ารัก ? อะไรเนี่ย ตามสูตรบอกให้ผสมน้ำตาลทรายขาว 50 กรัม, น้ำตาลทรายแดง 50 กรัม และเนย 100 กรัม หวังว่าสูตรนี้จะออกมาดีนะคะ,,! Arabic: يوميات زوي(إسمها) فوضوي من البداية فلوق اليوم عن خبز (كوكيز) 🍞 سأعود بعد ذوبان 100 جرام من الزبدة بالكامل في الميكروفون كيوت الزبده تقول الوصفة خلط 50 جرام من السكر الأبيض. 50 جرام سكر بني زبده آمل أن تكون الوصفة التي أتبعها على ما يرام English: Messy from the beginning Today’s vlog is Baking🍞 I'll be back after 100g of butter is completely melted in the microwave! Cute butter ? What Recipe says mix 50g of white sugar, 50g of brown sugar with butter Hope the recipe I’m following is okay,, Arabic: مع اضافه السكر تخلط مع البيض. سهل جدا؟ حصلت على هذا من الجهاز لايوجد لجهاز الخلط أداه الجلد إنها تعمل بسرعه اهلا ياأصدقاء لذا فإن الشيء الذي أصنعه هو! حسنا هل تأكل البسكويت في سابوي؟ لاجلي أعلم ماهو الخطأ معي لكنني دائمًا أتناول الحلوى بعد الطعام الصحي على أي حال أنا أحب كوكيز صب واي ووجدت مؤخرا وصفة بالشوكولاتة البيضاء Portuguese: Coloque açúcar branco também Mexa com um ovo. Muito fácil? Eu,, peguei isso da máquina,, porque eu não tenho a colher de bater Funciona URGH!!! Oi pessoal então,, o que estou fazendo é! Bem,, você come cookie no Subway? Para mim,, Eu não sei o que há de errado comigoㅠ Mas eu sempre como a sobremesa depois de comer comida saudável De qualquer forma. Eu realmente amo o cookie do Subway e recentemente eu encontrei receita sobre cookie de macadâmia de chocolate branco!! Russian: Добавляю белый сахар перемешиваю с яйцом. Всё настолько просто? Решаю взять венчик (как называется насадка для миксера???) Так намного легче Это работает УХ!!! Приветики (стеснительность lvl 100) И так... Как я решила это приготовить! Вы... Вы ели печенье из Subway? Для меня... Я не знаю почему Но я постоянно ем разные десерты с полезной едой Но всё же. Мне очень нравится печенье из Subway И я нашла рецепт этого печенья с белым шоколадом и орехом макадамия!!! English: Put white sugar too Mix with egg. Quite easy? I got this from machine,, Bc I don’t have whipping tool,, It works URGH!!! Hi guys So,, the thing I’m making is! Well,, Do you eat cookie at Subway? For me,, Idk what’s wrong with me,, But I always eat dessert after healthy food. Anyway. I really love Subway cookie And recently I found recipe about white chocolate macadamia cooke! Turkish: 1 tane yumurtayı koyup karıştırıyoruz. Çok kolay değil mi? Evde,, mikser olmadığı için, , -.- Elektrikli mikserden(Mikserin sapını) çıkardım Bence iyi karıştırıyor Herkese merhaba(Utandı Yani şimdi ben ne mi yapıyorum ! Imm Siz Subwey e gittiğinizde kurabiye mutlaka yiyor musunuz Ben,, Ah.. Ben neden böyleyim bilmiyorum Ben sağlıklı bir yemek yediğimde mutlaka tatlı da birlikte yiyorum(acil iç dökme) Bu yüzden subway cookie i çok seviyoru m, Youtube da ararken baktım ki beyaz çikolatalı macadamia kurabiyesinin tarifi var Spanish: Agregar el azúcar blanca. Mezclar con un huevo. Se ve bastante fácil? Le quite esto a una batidora.. porque no tengo un batidor manual.. ¡Funciona! ¡URGH! Hola amigos Entonces..lo que estoy cocinando es.. Bueno..¿Han comido galletas del Subway? Yo.. No sé qué está mal conmigo.. pero siempre como postre luego de una comida saludable.. De todas formas, me encantan las galletas del Subway hace poco encontré una receta de galletas de macadamia con chocolate blanco! Thai: ใส่น้ำตาลลงไป จากนั้นใส่ไข่ลงไป ง่ายใช่มั้ยคะ? ฉันจะใช้ที่ตีอันนี้นะคะ,, เพราะฉันไม่มีที่ตีสำหรับขึ้นวิปครีม,, ใช้ได้เลยนะเนี่ย ย่าา!!! สวัสดีค่ะทุกคน วันนี้,, เมนูที่จะทำคือ! ทุกคน,, เคยกินคุกกี้ที่ร้าน Subway กันมั้ยคะ? สำหรับฉันแล้ว,, โอ๊ย ไม่รู้ว่าฉันเป็นอะไร ㅠ ชอบกินของหวานหลังจากทานอาหารเพื่อสุขภาพตลอดเลยค่ะ ซึ่งฉันชอบคุกกี้ของ Subway มาก แล้วฉันก็ไปเจอสูตรคุกกี้แมคคาเดเมียไวท์ชอคโกแลตมา! Spanish: Pon azúcar blanca también Mezclar con huevo. ¿Muy fácil? Le quite esto a la batidora.. No tengo una herramienta para batir :c Funciona :D URGH!!! D:< Hola chicos ♡(Traductora: Que linda QuQ) Entonces, ¡lo que estoy haciendo es! Bueno, ¿Han comido galletas de Subway? Para mi.. Idk, ¿qué me pasa? Siempre como postre después de una comida sana. De todas formas. Realmente amo las galletas Subway ¡Y recientemente encontré una receta de galletas macadamia con chocolate blanco! Portuguese: Então é isso que eu estou fazendo agora🧡 Próximo, farinha Eu só tenho uma tigela, então estou medindo com o pote Chorando Coloque 150g de farinha, 1g de sal, 2g de bicarbonato de sódio Vou peneirar e misturar Parece tão bom A última vez que fiz cookie, misturei tão rápido e o resultado que saiu foi pão. Não cookie. Então, estou indo devagar com a lição. 70g de chocolate branco Coloque 90g de macadâmia! Turkish: Bu yüzden şimdi onu yapıyorum:) Sırada un Karıştırma kasem sadece bir tane olduğu için tencerede ölçüyorum :(( 150 gr un 2 gr karbonat koyuyorum Bir kez tel süzgecten geçirip karıştıracağım Bu sesi duymak güzel Geçen sefer çok sert karıştığımdan Kurabiye ekmek gibi oldu ondan ders alıp Yavaş yavaş karıştırıyorum beyaz çikolata 70 gr macadamia 90 gr koyuyorum macadamia en iyi:)) English: So that’s what I’m making now🧡 Next, flour. I only have a mix bowl so I’m measuring with pot. Crying Put 150g of flour, 1g of salt, 2g of baking soda. I'll sift it out and mix it up. Sounds so good Last time I made cookie I mixed so fast And the result came out was bread. Not cookie. So I’m taking it slow with lesson. 70g of white chocolate Put 90g of macadamia! Arabic: هذا ما أفعله الآن🧡 التالي الطحين لدي خليط فقط لذلك أقوم بالقياس باستخدام الوعاء بكاء نضع 150 جرام من الدقيق. 1 جرام ملح. 2 جرام من صودا الخبز نضع 150 جرام من الدقيق. 1 جرام ملح. 2 جرام من صودا الخبز سوف أفرزها وأخلطها اغاني جميلة جدا آخر مرة صنعت الكوكيز خلطتها بسرعه كبيرة لذاا نا اخذ درس عن التحريك ببطئ 70 جرام شوكولاتة بيضاء ٩٠جرام من المكاديميا (مكسرات) احب هاذا💖 Russian: Так что я сейчас его делаю ❤ Следующее - мука У меня есть только одна миска для перемешивания поэтому я засыпаю её в сотейник плач Засыпаю 150 грамм муки, щепотку соли и 2 грамма соли Просеиваю это и перемешиваю Мне нравится звук Раньше я перемешивала тесто быстро И вместо печенья получался хлеб Я учусь на своих ошибках 70 грамм белого шоколада И 90 грамм ореха макадамия Spanish: Así que eso es lo que haré ahora 🧡 Lo siguiente, harina. Solo tengo un recipiente para mezcla, así que estoy midiendo con una olla. Llorando ㅠㅠ Poner 150 gr de harina, 1gr de sal y 2 gr de polvo para hornear. Tamizaré los polvos y mezclaré todo. Suena muy bien. La última vez que hice galletas, mezclé muy rápido y el resultado fue algo como un pan, no una galleta. Así que aprendí la lección por lo que ahora lo haré lento. 70 gr de chocolate blanco, ¡Y agregar 90 gr de macadamia! Spanish: Entonces eso es lo que estoy haciendo ahora🧡 A continuación, harina Solo tengo un tazón para mezclar, así que estoy midiendo con una olla. Llorando Poner 150 g de harina, 1 g de sal, 2 g de bicarbonato de sodio. Lo tamizaré y lo mezclaré Suena muy bien. (´∀`) La última vez que hice galletas mezclé tan rápido Y el resultado que salió fue pan. No galleta. Así que lo estoy tomando con calma por esa experiencia. 70 g de chocolate blanco ¡Ponga 90 g de macadamia! Thai: ดังนั้น วันนี้เลยจะมาลองทำดูค่ะ 🧡 ต่อไป, ผสมแป้ง ฉันจะผสมทุกอย่างลงในหม้อนะคะ เพราะว่ามีถ้วยแค่ใบเดียว ร้องไห้ ㅠㅠ ใส่แป้ง 150 กรัม, เกลือ 1 กรัม, เบกกิ้งโซดา 2 กรัม ฉันจะกรองแป้ง ก่อนเทลงในไข่และน้ำตาลที่ผสมไว้นะคะ เสียงเพราะมาก ครั้งที่แล้วที่ทำคุกกี้ ฉันผสมทุกอย่างเร็วมาก แล้วมันก็ออกมาเหมือนขนมปังมากกว่าคุกกี้ ครั้งนี้ฉันเลยจะค่อยๆผสมนะคะ ใส่ไวท์ชอคโกแลต 70 กรัม แมคคาเดเมีย 90 กรัม! English: I love this Mix it slowly It was so hard bc I usually don’t have patient. Well! It’s all done! But I’m not sure I’m doing well Sniff Btw Sniff sniff Smells so good! If you put it in the oven like this, the dough will spread. So, I’ll let them rest for about an hour. Re,,st,, Wrap it And rest it in the fridge for an hour See you bae ‘Siri, set timer for an hour’ Siri : ??? Why don’t you understand Korean,, Your master is Korean.. Um,, set timer for 55 m? Arabic: حرك ببطئ لقد كان صعبًا جدًا ليس لدي صبر حسنا انه جاهز لكنني لست متأكدًا مما إذا فعلت ذلك شم رائحته إعادة الروائح جيدة جدا اذا سأتركها ترتاح لمدة ساعة تقريبًا لفها وضعها في الثلاجة لمده ساعه اراك لاحقا باي سيري:اضبط الوقت لساعه لماذا لا تفهم الكورية يا سيري ؟ ضبط المؤقت على 55 دقيقة؟ Thai: ชอบมากค่ะ💕 ผสมเข้าด้วยกันช้าๆ ส่วนนี้ค่อนข้างยากเพราะปกติฉันไม่ค่อยมีความอดทนค่ะ เสร็จแล้วค่ะ!! แต่ไม่ค่อยแน่ใจว่าออกมาดีมั้ย ดม แต่ว่า ฟุดฟิด กลิ่นดีมากค่ะ! ถ้าคุณเอาใส่เตาอบแบบนี้, แป้งโดว์จะขยายออกเยอะมาก ดังนั้น ฉันเลยจะพักแป้งไว้ประมาณ 1 ชั่วโมงนะคะ พัก,,แป้ง,, ห่อด้วยแรปพลาสติก และพักทิ้งไว้ในตู้เย็น 1 ชั่วโมง แล้วเจอกันนะ 'สิริ, จับเวลา 1 ชั่วโมง' สิริ : ??? ทำไมไม่เข้าใจภาษาเกาหลีล่ะ,,? งั้น,, จับเวลา 55 นาที? Turkish: Yavaşça karıştırıyorum Sabırsız olduğumdan çok zorlandım Arkadaşlar öncelikle (hamur) hazır oldu Doğru mu yaptım bilmiyorum:)) ama Kokusu çok güzel! Önce! bu şekilde fırına koyarsam hamur yayılıyormus! O yüzden bu yüzden 1 saat kadar buzdolabında bekleteceğim streç film hamuru sarıyor Buzdolabında 1 saat bekletiyorum Birazdan görüşürüz baby Siri 1 saat zamanlayıcıyı ayarla How can help you? :))) Korece söylediğim için anlamadı :)) Imm 55 dakika zamanlayıcıyı ayarla zamanlayıcı ayarlı bir tane var şimdi söylediğinle değiştireyim mi Portuguese: Eu amo isso💕 Misture devagar. Foi tão difícil, porque geralmente não tenho paciência Bem! Está tudo pronto Mas não tenho certeza se estou fazendo bem ksksksks Cheirar A propósito Cheirar cheirar Cheira tão bem! Se você colocá-lo no forno assim, a massa se espalhará! Então, vou deixá-los descansar por cerca de uma hora Descan,, sar,, Enrole e deixe descansar na geladeira por uma hora Até logo bae 'Siri, defina o temporizador em uma hora' Siri : ??? Por que você não entende coreano? Sua mestre é coreana... Um,, defina o temporizador para 55 m? Spanish: Me encanta esto 💕 Mezclar lentamente. Fui muy ruda antes porque normalmente no tengo paciencia. ¡Bien! ¡Está listo! Pero no estoy segura si lo hice bien hahah Oler Esto Oler, oler ¡Huele muy bien! Si lo pones en el horno de esta forma, la masa se expandirá, así que lo dejo resposar por una hora. Re..po..sar.. Envolverlo y dejar reposar en la nevera por 1 hora. Nos vemos pronto, bebé 'Siri, programa el temporizador para 1 hora' Siri: ??? ¿Por qué no entiendes coreano? Tu dueña es coreana.. Umm..¿Programar temporizador para 55 m? Russian: Я люблю его 💕 Медленно перемешиваю Это довольно трудно Всё! Тесто готово! Но я не уверена, что всё сделала правильно нюх чзх нюх-нюх Пахнет очень вкусно! Если запечь его так, то оно расползётся Поэтому его надо оставить в холодильник на час о-ста-вить Накрываю плёнкой И ставлю в холодильник Увидимся "Сири, поставь таймер на час" Сири: ??? Почему ты не понимаешь корейский? Эм... Поставь таймер на 55 минут Spanish: Me encanta esto💕 Mezclarlo lentamente Fue tan difícil porque generalmente no tengo paciencia. Bien! ¡Ya está listo! Pero no estoy segura de haberlo hecho bien Sniff Por cierto Sniff sniff ¡Huele tan bien! Si lo pones en el horno así, la masa se extenderá. Entonces, la dejaré reposar durante aproximadamente una hora.. Reposo.. Envuélvelo Y déjalo reposar en el refrigerador durante una hora Nos vemos pronto, bebé. "Siri, configura el temporizador para una hora" Siri: ??? Por qué no entiendes coreano?, tu maestra es coreana ... Um, ¿Programa el temporizador para 55 min? English: Siri : The timer is already running. Would you like to replace it? Yeah Got you The dough would be in fridge for an hour! The problem is! I’m starving! So! Ta-da! Bake the bread ordered by Market Kurly in a frying pan. I'm gonna dip it in olive oil and balsamic vinegar. So excited! I did something wrong How much was this small bread,,? I think It was expensive,, Then $1 for one piece? I'll cook it on low heat. Virgin olive oil and balsamic vinegar! Hope you guys use Virgin olive too! Should I buy,, toast machine? Omg Arabic: سيري: الوقت يمر بالفعل ، هل ابدا الآن؟ اوكي لقد فهمتك سيكون العجين في الثلاجة لمدة ساعة! المشكله هي انا جائعه اذا تادا اخبز الخبز المطلوب في مقلاة سأغمسها في زيت الزيتون والخل البلسمي انا متحمسه جدا لقد فعلت شيئا خاطئا كم كان. سعر هذا الخبز الصغير؟ أعتقد أنها كانت باهظة الثمن 1 دولار لكل قطعة؟ سوف أطبخه على نار خفيفة زيت الزيتون والخل البلسمي أتمنى لكم يا رفاق استخدام الزيت الزيتون البكر أيضا هل يجب علي شراء آلة الخبز المحمص يالهي Russian: Сири: таймер установлен. Хотите знать об этом? Да Сири: хорошо Тесто должно быть в холодильнике час Но есть одно проблема! Я очень голодная! Так что! Та-да! Я купила хлеб на рынке kully Я хочу попробовать его с маслом и бальзамическим уксусом Я такая довольная! Я сделала что-то не так Почему хлеб такой маленький Мне кажется, меня обманули Вы покупали подобное за 1 доллар? Жарю его на медленном огне Оливковое масло и бальзамический уксус Надеюсь, вы тоже используете оливковое масло..! Может мне стоит... Купить тостер? О боже Turkish: evet! zamanlayıcı hazırlandı Şimdi! hamur buzdolabunda bekliyor Imm sorun ne biliyormusunuz :) çok acıktım :) bu yüzden market curly den sipariş verdiğim ekmeği tavada biraz kızartıp zeytinyağı ve balzamik sirkesine batırarak yiyeceğim birsey ters gidiyor boyle küçücük ekmek ne kadardı? kısık ateşte pişireceğim sızma zeytin yağı ve balzamik sirke tost makinesi almalı mıyım?? aman tanrım ve olduu Spanish: Siri: el temporizador ya comenzó, ¿Te gustaría cambiarlo? Si Ahora ya funciona. ¡La masa estará en la nevera por una hora! ¡El problema es! ¡Que estoy hambrienta! Entonces ¡Ta-dá! Cocinaré en una sartén este pan que pedí en Market Kurly. Lo remojaré en aceite de oliva y vinagre balsámico. ¡Qué emoción! Hice algo mal ¿Cuánto costó este pequeño pan..? Creo que era costoso.. ¿Entonces cada rebanada cuesta 1 dólar? Lo cocinaré con temperatura baja. ¡Aceite de oliva extra virgen y vinagre balsámico! ¡Espero que ustedes también usen aceite de oliva extra virgen! ¿Debería comprar..una tostadora? Oh, rayos Thai: สิริ : จับเวลาเรียบร้อยแล้ว อยากเปลี่ยนแปลงอะไรอีกหรือไม่? ไม่แล้ว โอเค เวลานับถอยหลัง 55 นาที แป้งโดว์น่าจะอยู่ในตู้เย็นเกือบชั่วโมง ปัญหาก็คือ! ตอนนี้ฉันหิวค่ะ! ดังนั้น! ทา-ดาา! ฉันจะอุ่นขนมปังที่ซื้อมาจากตลาด Kully ในกระทะ แล้วจะจิ้มกินกับน้ำมันมะกอกและน้ำส้มสายชูบัลซามิก ตื่นเต้นมาก! ฉันคิดว่ามีบางอย่างผิดพลาด ทำไมขนมปังมันก้อนเล็กแบบนี้,,? ฉันคิดว่าราคามันแพงเกินไป,, 1 ชิ้นนี้ก็ราคา 1,500 วอนสินะ?? ฉันจะอุ่นด้วยไฟอ่อน เทน้ำมันมะกอกและน้ำส้มสายชูบัลซามิก! หวังว่าทุกคนจะใช้สูตรเดียวกันนะ..! หรือว่า,, ฉันควรซื้อเครื่องปิ้งขนมปัง? omg Portuguese: Siri : O cronômetro já está em execução. Deseja substituí-lo? Yeah Peguei você A massa ficaria na geladeira por uma hora! O problema é! Estou faminta! Então! Ta-da! Asse o pão encomendado pelo Market Kurly de frigideira Vou mergulhá-lo em azeite e vinagre balsâmico Tão animada! Eu fiz algo errado Quanto custava este pão pequeno? Eu acho que foi caro,, Então,, $1 (R$5,39),, por uma peça? Vou frita em fogo baixo Azeite virgem e vinagre balsâmico! Espero que vocês também usem azeite virgem..! Devo comprar,, máquina de torradas? Meu Deus Spanish: Siri: El temporizador ya está funcionando. ¿Desea reemplazarlo? Si Ahora ya funciona ¡La masa estará en el refrigerador por una hora! ¡El problema es! ¡Estoy hambrienta! ¡Entonces! ¡Ta-da! :D Hornee el pan ordenado por Market Kurly en una sartén. Lo sumergiré en aceite de oliva y vinagre balsámico. ¡Muy emocionada! :3 Hice algo malo ¿Cuánto costó este pan pequeño? Creo que fue caro.. ¿Entonces 1 dólar por una pieza? Lo cocinaré a fuego lento. ¡Aceite de oliva extra virgen y vinagre balsámico! ¡Espero que ustedes también usen aceite de oliva extra virgen! ¿Debería comprar..una tostadora? Dios mio Spanish: Bien tostado. Primero que todo, su aroma es fantástico. ¡Y el pan también! ¡Muy crujiente! [ASMR de KangKang bebiendo agua] Ahora estoy comprando muchas cosas en el Market Kurly [no es publicidad] Y encontré este pan con aceite de oliva repentinamente en la aplicación y pensé '¿Será delicioso?' Crujido ¡Sí, lo es! Hoy es Viernes 17/7 y ya saben que normalmente subo un vlog de la cafetería los sábados, pero no pude grabarlo ¡Había una nueva trabajadora de medio tiempo cuando fui! Turkish: ilk olarak,çok güzel kokuyor ekmektee çok kıtır bu aralar Kurly'den bir sürü şey satın alıyorum ben de oradan zeytinyağı ve ekmek aldım uygulamada rastgele lezzetli olur mu diye ve lezzetli aslında bugün 7/17 cuma cumartesi günü genellikle kafe vlog yüklediğimi biliyorsunuz.Ama bugün çekemedim Arabic: إنه جاهز ورائحته جميلة والخبز ايضا مقرمش جدا شرب أسمر من كانغكانغ( الكلب حقها) أنا الآن أشتري أشياء صغيرة من سوق kurly وليس إعلان لذلك وجدت خبز زيت الزيتون هذا أحصل على هذا التطبيق بشكل عشوائي واعتقدت أنها ستكون لذيذة؟ مقرمش نعم إنها كذلك في الواقع اليوم هو 7/7 الجمعة وأنت تعرف عادة تحميل فلوق مقهى لكنني لم أستطع وجدت مؤقتًا جزئيًا جديدًا في المقهى بعد وصولي! Spanish: Bien hecho. En primer lugar, el olor es fantástico. ¡Y el pan también! ¡Tan crujiente! [ASMR de Kangkang bebiendo agua] Ahora estoy comprando un montón de cosas de Market Kurly. [no es publicidad] Entonces encontré este pan con aceite de oliva En esa aplicación al azar Y pensé "¿será delicioso?" Crujido ¡Sí, lo es! En realidad hoy es viernes 17 de Julio Y ya saben, normalmente subo un vlog de la cafetería los sábados, pero no pude grabarlo ¡Había una nueva trabajadora de medio tiempo cuando fui! Russian: Хорошо прожарился Пахнет потрясающе И сам хлеб тоже! Очень хрустящий [ASMR от пьющей собаки] На этом рынке продаются довольно хорошие вещи [это не реклама] Я нашла этот рецепт совершенно случайно И я даже не думала Что это будет вкусно хруст Но да, это так! Сегодня 17.07, пятница Вы знаете, что я обычно снимаю влоги обычно по субботам У меня появилось немного времени и я решила снять видео Thai: ใช้ได้อยู่ อย่างแรกเลย, กลิ่นหอมมากค่ะ แล้วขนมปังก็ดูน่าอร่อย! กรอบมากด้วย! [เสียง ASMR จาก Kangkang ที่กำลังดื่มน้ำ] ช่วงนี้ฉันซื้อของที่ตลาด Kully บ่อยมากค่ะ [ไม่ได้ค่าโฆษณานะคะ] ฉันเลยเจอขนมปังอันนี้ เป็นขนมปังใส่น้ำมันมะกอก ฉันเลยคิดว่า 'นี่น่าจะอร่อยนะ?' เสียงกรอบ แล้วมันก็อร่อยจริงๆค่ะ! วันนี้เป็นวันศุกร์ที่ 17 กรกฎาคม ปกติฉันจะอัพคาเฟ่ Vlog วันเสาร์, แต่ว่าวันนี้ฉันยังถ่ายทำไม่ได้ค่ะ เพราะว่ามีพนักงานพาร์ทไทม์คนใหม่ที่คาเฟ่! Portuguese: Bem feito Primeiro de tudo, o cheiro é fantástico e o pão também! Tão crocante [ASMR bebendo forma Kangkang] Agora estou comprando várias coisas do Market Kurly. [não é patrocínio] Então eu encontrei esse pão de azeite nesse aplicativo aleatoriamente e eu pensei tipo ‘isso vai ser delicioso?’ Crocante Sim, ele é! Na verdade hoje é 17/07 sexta-feira e vocês sabe que eu normalmente envio o cafe vlog no sábado, mas não pude gravar Encontrei uma nova funcionária para a cafeteria depois que cheguei! English: Well done. First of all, smell is fantastic. And the bread too! So crunch! [drinking ASMR form Kangkang] I’m now buying bunch of things from Market Kurly. [not ad] So I found this Olive oil bread On that app randomly And I thought like ‘would it be delish?’ Crunch Yes it is! Actually today is 7/17 Friday And you know I usually upload cafe vlog on Saturday, but I couldn’t take a film. I found new part timer at cafe after I arrived! Russian: И... Сегодняшнее видео - первое в таком жанре Я не могу постоянно снимать видео в кафе Поэтому я пришла домой Сейчас я работаю над новым видео Новый влог загрузится в воскресенье или понедельник Я хочу ещё Та-да! Окунаю его в смесь уксуса и масла И балдею Пикабу Играю с собакой пока тесто в холодильнике Лапу! Portuguese: E,, hoje foi o primeiro dia dela! Eu não posso gravar um vlog em torno da nova funcionáriaㅠㅠ Então eu voltei para casa e gravei esse vlog para o upload de amanhã! O café vlog será publicado no domingo ou segunda-feira Quero mais um Ta-da! Tipo assim! Mergulhe em vinagre balsâmico e azeite E eu me sinto fantástica Peguei Brincando com o cachorro enquanto a massa está sendo descansada Mão! Thai: และวันนี้,, เป็นวันแรกที่เธอทำงานค่ะ! ฉันเลยไม่อยากทำ Vlog ช่วงที่พนักงานพาร์ทไทม์ทดลองงานอยู่ ㅠㅠ ดังนั้น ฉันเลยกลับมาบ้าน แล้วทำ Vlog สำหรับอัพวันถัดไปแทน คาเฟ่ Vlog เลยจะอัพวันอาทิตย์หรือไม่ก็วันจันทร์นะคะ อยากกินอีกจัง,, ทา-ดาา! ชอบมากเลยค่ะ จิ้มกับน้ำมันมะกอกและน้ำส้มสายชูบัลซามิก รู้สึกดีมากค่ะ จ๊ะเอ๋ เล่นกับหมาช่วงที่รอแป้งโดว์พักค่ะ ขอมือ! English: And,, today was the first day for her I can’t take a vlog around fresh part-timer,, So I came back to home And taking this vlog for tomorrow’s upload. Cafe vlog will be uploaded at Sunday of Monday! I want one more,, Ta-da! Like this! Dip it in balsamic vinegar and olive oil. And I feel fantastic! Pikaboo Playing with dog while the dough is being rest Hand! Spanish: Y hoy era su primer día trabajando, no puedo grabar vlogs cerca de los nuevos trabajadores.. Así que volví a casa y grabaré este vídeo para subirlo mañana. ¡El vlog de la cafetería se subirá el día Lunes! Quiero una más.. ¡Ta-dá! De esta forma lo remojo en aceite de oliva y vinagre balsámico. ¡Y se siente fantástico! Peekaboo Jugando con mi perro mientras la masa reposa. ¡La mano! Spanish: Y, hoy fue su primer dia de trabajo No puedo grabar un vlog cerca de los nuevos trabajadores.. Así que volví a casa Y grabaré este video para subirlo mañana. ¡El vlog de la cafetería se subirá el día lunes! Quiero uno más .. ¡Ta-da! :D ¡Me gusta hacer esto! Sumergirlo en vinagre balsámico y aceite de oliva. ¡Y se siente fantástico! Peekaboo Jugando con mi perro mientras la masa reposa. La mano Arabic: اليوم كان يومه الأول لا يمكنني أخذ مدونة فيديو عن مؤقت جزئي جديد لذا أتيت إلى المنزل يتم أخذ هذا الفديو للتحميل غدا سيتم تنزيل فديو الكوفي يوم الأحد أو الاثنين اريد واحده اخرى تارا اغمسها في الخل البلسمي وزيت الزيتون رائع بيكابو اللعب مع الكلب بينما يتم ضبط العجين اليد Turkish: Russian: Ай! Время прошло! Из-за ложки это выглядит очень красиво *звук Я купила ложку размером 10,5! *радость* Запекаю 10 минут при температуре 180° Пожалуйста, стань печеньем, а не хлебом... Вынимаю его из духовки Та-да! нюх-нюх Вот это запах... Arabic: Ouch انتهى الوقت اغرفها ا بشكل جميل الأصوات تكرار حصلت على عجينة بيضاء بهذا الحجم في فرن مسخن لمدة 10 دقائق على 180 درجه من فضلك كوكيز وليس الخبز خذها للخارج تارا شم رائحته يالهي رائحته جميله Portuguese: Aí! O tempo acabou! Uma colher lindamente o som Pessoal, eu tenho 10,5 massas com esse tamanho! Asse em forno pré-aquecido por 10 minutos a 180 graus! Por favor, seja cookie,, não pão,, Tire Ta-da! Cheirar cheirar,, Meu deus cheira tão Spanish: ¡Ouch! >~< ¡El tiempo ya pasó! Agregar unas lindas bolas de masa *El sonido* ¡Hice 10.5 bolas con una cuchara de este tamaño! Hornear por 10 min a 180 grados en el horno precalentado. Por favor que salgan galletas.. no pan.. Sacarlas ¡Ta-da! (✧ω✧) Sniff Sniff Oh Dios mío, huele muy bien Spanish: ¡Ouch! ¡El tiempo ya pasó! Agregar unas lindas bolas de masa *El sonido ¡Hice 10.5 bolas con una cuchara de este tamaño! Hornear por 10 minutos a 180 grados en el horno precalentado. Por favor que salgan galletas..no pan.. Sacarlas ¡Ta-dá! Oler, oler Oh, cielos, huelen muy bien Thai: อ๊ะ! ได้เวลาแล้ว! วางเป็นลูกๆให้สวยงาม ฟังเสียงสิคะ ฉันได้คุกกี้ 10.5 ชิ้น กับที่ตักไซส์นี้ค่ะ! อบที่ไฟบน 180 องศาเซียลเซสเป็นเวลา 10 นาที ได้โปรดเป็นคุกกี้ด้วยเถิด,, อย่าเป็นขนมปังเลย เอาออกมาค่ะ ทา-ดาา! ฟุดฟิด กลิ่นดีเลยนะเนี่ย,, English: Ouch! Time is up! Scoop it beautifully *the sounds I got 10.5 doughs with this size! Bake in preheated oven for 10 minutes at 180 degrees. Please be cookie,,not bread,, Take it out Ta-da! Sniff sniff Omg smells soo,, Turkish: Thai: คุกกี้อบใหม่ร้อนๆนุ่มๆ เคลื่อนย้ายอย่างระมัดระวังนะคะ คุกกี้ที่อบรอบแรกเย็นลงแล้วค่ะ ไหนมาดูสิ หุหุ เช็คอีกชิ้น อร่อยมากเลยค่ะ! อร่อยเลย แต่... รสชาติมันไม่เหมือนของ Subway เท่าไหร่ ไวท์ชอคโกแลตมันละลายไปหมด โฟกัสสิ,, มีถั่วแมคคาเดเมียข้างในแล้วทำให้มันๆยิ่งขึ้น! อืมม ~ Russian: Только что выпеченное печенье горячее и мягкое Снимаю их с помощью лопатки Они уже остыли Давайте-ка посмотрим Хи-хи Посмотрите на это Оно очень хорошее! Очень вкусно! Но это рецепт с подвохом! На вкус не как печенье из Subway Шоколад тает Ну же, фокус... Макадамия в печенье довольно ореховая (вау, орех ореховый .o.) М-м-м~~ Spanish: Las galletas horneadas están calientes y suaves, así que las muevo a la rejilla con este raspador Las primeras galletas que horneé ya están frías. Déjenme ver Huhu Revisando otra galleta Umm ¡Esta de aquí está buena! ¡Deliciosa! Pero tiene una trampa no sabe a las galletas del Subway. El chocolate blanco está derretido Vamos..enfoca.. La macadamia de las galletas están asombrosas. Umm~~ Spanish: Las galletas horneadas están calientes y suaves, Así que las muevo a la rejilla con este raspador. Las primeras galletas que hornee ya están frías Déjame ver Huhu Revisando otra galleta Umm ¡Esta galleta está buena! ¡Deliciosa! Pero hay una trampa No sabe a galletas Subway El chocolate blanco está derretido Vamos, enfócate, ¡Las macadamias entre las galletas están asombrosas! Um~~~ Turkish: English: Baked cookie is hot and soft So move it to net with scrapper. the first baked cookies are cold now. Let me see Huhu Check another Umm this one is good! Delish! But there’s trap It doesn’t taste Subway’s White chocolate is melting Come on,, focus,, Macadamias between the cookie are nutty! Um~~ Portuguese: O biscoito assado é quente e macio Então mova com o raspador! Os primeiros cookies assados ​​estão frios agora Deixe-me ver Huhu Verifique outro Umm este é bom! Pessoal é delicioso! Mas tem algo estranho! Não tem gosto do cookie do Subway O chocolate branco,, está derretendo Vamos lá,, foco,, Macadâmias entre os cookies são de nozes! Um~~~ Arabic: البسكويت المخبوز ساخن وناعم لذا انقلها إلى الشبكة باستخدام ملعقه كبيره الكوكيز المخبوز أصبحت باردة الآن دعني أرى تحقق اخر ام هذا جيدا هناك فخ لا طعم له مثل سب واي الشوكولاتة البيضاء تذوب تعال، تعديل الفوكس المكاديميا بين الكوكيز الجوز! Portuguese: Vamos começar uma cafeteria em casa Ainda não consegui comprar a máquina de café Então, eu estou fazendo café com Kanu,, ^^ Café instantâneo + leite = latte! Um gole de café Pessoalmente, esses cookies doce e o latte de noz são tão bons juntos. Este é doce! Este é de noz! Hu Beijo Me beije querida, me beije, me beije esta noite~ Me ame querida, me ame, me ame esta noite Então pessoal! Obrigada por assistir e eu recomendo fortemente seguir esta receita! Turkish: Spanish: Comencemos con la cafetería en casa Todavía no he podido comprar una máquina de café Así que estoy haciendo café manualmente ^^ Café instantáneo + leche = café con leche! Un sorbo de cafe. Personalmente, esta galleta dulce y café con leche de nuez son tan buenos juntos. ¡Este es dulce! ¡Este es almendrado! Hu~ Chu Entonces, ¡Gracias por ver! ¡Y recomiendo seguir esta receta! Arabic: لنبدأ بمقهى المنزل لم أستطع شراء آلة القهوة بعد لذلك أنا أصنع القهوة مع كانو قهوة سريعة التحضير + حليب = لاتيه رشفة واحدة من القهوة شخصيا هذا الكوكيز الحلو مع الجوز لاتيه جيد معا واحد حلوى ورشفه قهوه شكرا على المشاهده💖 ونوصي بشدة باتباع هذه الوصفة Spanish: Comencemos con la cafetería en casa Aún no he podido comprar una máquina de café, así que preparo café manualmente^^ Café instantáneo + leche = latte! Un sorbo de café. Personalmente creo que este latte más la galleta dulce van muy bien juntos. ¡Esta es dulce y este es almendrado! Hu~ Muack Entonces, gracias por ver este vídeo ¡Les recomiendo mucho seguir esta receta! Thai: มาทำคาเฟ่ที่บ้านกันค่ะ ฉันยังไม่ได้ซื้อเครื่องชงกาแฟมา ฉันเลยจะใช้กาแฟผงยี่ห้อ Kanu นะคะ,,^^ กาแฟผง + นม = ลาเต้! จิบกาแฟสักอึก ส่วนตัวแล้วคิดว่า,, ลาเต้กับคุกกี้หวานๆนี่เข้ากันมากค่ะ อันนึงหวานๆ อันนึงมันๆ ~~ จุ๊บ ขอบคุณสำหรับทุกคนที่เข้ามาดูนะคะ ทุกคนอย่าลืมทำตามสูตรที่ฉันบอกนะคะ! English: Let’s start home cafe I couldn’t buy coffee machine yet So I’m making coffee with Kanu,,^^ Instant coffee + milk = latte! One sip of coffee Personally, this sweet cookie and nutty latte is so good together. This one is sweet! This one is nutty! Hu~ Chu So! Thanks for watching And strongly recommend to follow this recipe! Russian: Открываем домашнее кафе У меня нет кофемашины Сделаю обычное кофе ^^ Растворимый кофе + молоко = латте! глоток Это печенье и кофе очень хорошо сочетаются Печенье очень сладкое, а кофе довольно пикантное Хех чмок Спасибо за просмотр Я советую вам приготовить по этому рецепту! Russian: Скоро вернусь с кафе влогом! На этом всё!!! Всем пока! Люблю вас! Inst: @Zoe.one1 Portuguese: E eu voltarei com o cafe vlog o mais rápido possível! Tchau The One!! Tchau! The One! kksksksksks English: And I’ll be back with cafe vlog ASAP! Bye The One!! Bye! Lol Turkish: Spanish: Volveré muy pronto con un nuevo vlog en la cafetería ¡Adiós, 'The One'! ¡Adios! Jajaja Thai: เดี๋ยวฉันจะกลับมาพร้อมกับคาเฟ่ Vlog ค่ะ บ๊ายบายค่ะ The One!! บายยย! Arabic: وسأعود مع فديو المقهى في أسرع وقت ممكن الى اللقاء💖💖 أحبكم Spanish: Volveré muy pronto con un vlog en la cafetería. ¡Adiós, 'The One'! ¡Adiós! Hahah Subtítulos Español x Javiera V

CHRIS WALLEN: Hey, everyone. Thanks for coming. My name is Chris Wallen. I'm an engineer here at Google. I work on the Maps team. I'm hosting today Walter Voit. We went to the University of Texas at Dallas together, got our undergraduate degree in computer science and studied machine learning. Then Walter went off to Georgia Tech to get his PhD in material science and engineering. And he's going to tell us a little bit about this nerve tag technology that he's been working on. So I present Walter Voit. WALTER VOIT: It's a pleasure to be here at Google this afternoon, or at Alphabet. I don't know what to say these days. But if it is Alphabet, maybe this will be an alphabet that you guys can make in the future. But what I'd like to talk about is a lot of the collected work that we've been doing over the last half decade or so in the area of implantable bioelectronic medicines. But it's this idea that we can build computer chips onto plastics, we can put them in the nervous system, and we can record, block, or stimulate arbitrary nerves in the peripheral or in the central nervous system and build closed loop feedback systems with smart computers, with smart beds, with smart doctors to help understand the connectome, understand the body's nervous system, and ultimately treat debilitating neurological conditions. A lot of the work that I present here has been funded by some generous grants from DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, by Glaxo SmithKline, the British pharmaceutical giant, and by the NIH and the NSF and a host of other companies. I'm also going to spend a few minutes at the end of the talk and mention some of the different companies that have spun out of my research lab over the last half decade or so. And so we'll get to those a little bit later. There's a picture of me with some of my DARPA colleagues at West Point sitting on an Abrams tank. And here's a shot of some of our group. And so I don't want to run out of time at the end, a quick shout out to my lab. I've got about 12 postdocs now and 12 graduate students and about 50 undergraduates at the university that do a lot of the heavy lifting day to day, which ranges from synthetic organic chemistry to mechanical testing to physics and interfaces to electrical engineering to applied neuroscience. And so these students from many different disciplines are all working together to solve some of these grand challenges in synthetic biology and neuroscience, but from a strong materials background. So I wanted to start with some slides from my colleague Kris Famm, who's the Vice President of Bioelectronics Research at Glaxo SmithKline. GSK, over the last couple years, has made a giant bet in the field of bioelectronic medicines. It's also called electroceuticals or Pharma 2.0. But it's this idea that we can use electrical signals to modulate the body's behavior. So today, if you look at how a lot of drugs and pharmaceuticals work, you're using small molecules to really affect what the body is doing. But the idea here is that we can use closed loop feedback systems with miniaturized electronic or magnetic or photonic devices to begin interacting with the body. And so it's a very different paradigm from using small molecules. Small molecule drugs are sort of like giving someone a fish. You're giving the body something that it needs. For a short period of time it reacts to that drug, and in a lot of cases, then, that drug leaves the system, and people need more drugs. Well, if we can get in and control what the nervous system is doing, we can teach the body to overcome some of these debilitating deficits and prevent the need for long term drugs or supplement drugs with being able to build these closed loop feedback systems with the nervous system. This ties into a lot of really interesting research areas today in neuroscience, including the study of plasticity, or the brain's ability to rewire itself due to certain stimuli. And we are trying to build these devices that can help affect how the brain is rewiring itself in real time. The nervous system is highly complex, and so I'm not going to belabor you with really any of the details. But we put up this slide just to show that there are a tremendous number of peripheral targets that have very large end effects on especially what your gut, what your viscera is doing, and all these different touch points. We'd like to really change the paradigm for how we're interacting with the nervous system. Today, devices like cochlear implants and pacemakers give you one to 22 channels of information exchange with the nervous system. And I think the future, the future that Google will likely be a very big part of, is big data analytics of the nervous system. It's these miniaturized injectable devices that can wrap around arbitrary peripheral nerves. And instead of having one touch point of what the nervous system is doing, you'll have these distributed touch points that really tell you a lot about the real time status of a patient. When you go into a hospital today, you get your heart rate measured. You're measuring all these physiological symptoms. But the nervous system is largely untouched. If you had little devices that were inexpensive to implant that could give you real time performance metrics for the nervous system, it would really change some of the fundamental assumptions and paradigms in the sick care world in which we live today. And the goal of this talk today was to separate out some of this vision and some of the science fiction from the reality of what some of the leading scientists across the country are doing today, what some of the leading medical providers across the country are doing today, and try to paint a picture for you guys about when the appropriate time to put your might on the software and on the big data side into this area might be appropriate. And so if I succeed in the talk, maybe you guys can tell me when the right time to get involved in this is, and so that's the goal. So today, we've got a host of individual systems that can stimulate the vagus nerve, that can stimulate the cochlea, that can stimulate the spine, that can solve sort of one-off biomedical problems. But the goal is to have these miniaturized devices that can do that across the body. So our solution from UT Dallas are these devices called nerve tags. But we envision these to be these needle-injectable microelectronics that will be smaller than a grain of rice that will be able to come and wrap around arbitrary peripheral nerves and block, record, and stimulate on those nerves. And so our objective is to make these very inexpensive so that a surgery is not costing you $25,000 to put in a device, but that it would be feasible in a hospital environment to put in a large number of these devices. What becomes really interesting is it begins to sync up the business model of big pharma with the semiconductor companies that will likely make this possible. If you look at a company like Texas Instruments, they're looking at products that are largely nine months to four years down the pipeline, whereas GSK spends 25 years developing a drug, only to recoup costs in the last few years when these big blockbuster drugs are on patent. And moving to these small, inexpensive devices allows us to get high volumes, to get semiconductor companies really interested, to reduce the non-recoverable engineering costs that go into designing these devices. And it also allows us to leverage tremendous resources that have been put into these devices already that companies like TI and Intel have spent toward the Internet of Things. So what we can do right now-- and then I'll move to some data and some pictures-- so this is the kind of device that we can build right now. This is a little PCB we've designed, where we've been able to sort of flip chip or solder on maybe 11 different Texas Instruments components. I keep mentioning TI. We're in the heart of Dallas, and so they are the Google of Dallas, if that makes sense, I guess, that you guys are to Mountain View. And we're increasingly miniaturizing these devices to the point where we hope these will be needle-injectable and easy to put into the body. So my background comes in this class of materials called shape memory polymers. And these polymers are plastics that can change shape and stiffness at different temperatures. So these are plastics. You can see a video of one of these. This is being inserted into a warm environment through a 100-micron slit. When it heats up, these materials can change shape, can change stiffness. So in this case, we're self-coiling a matrix address transistor array around a two-millimeter cable. Here is one of these materials sort of in the flesh in real life. So it's a material that behaves like Plexiglas at room temperature. If I just put it in my hands and heat it up to body temperature, it gets 10,000 times less stiff, and I can bend it or manipulate it into some sort of metastable shape. And then as soon as it cools off, it gets very hard again in this shape. So our big idea was, could we take these plastics while they're really hard, insert them into the body, and position microelectrodes right up against and around nerves, but then have these guys soften and get 10,000 times less stiff chronically to avoid long-term inflammation and scarring responses in the body? And I'm happy to say that a lot of the preliminary work that we've done with some of this Google funding-- we just got a big Army grant as well in this area to really study the extent to which softening affects the neurological responss-- shows that these soft materials have a lot of promise. We've built devices to go around the spinal cord into the cochlea on the DRG, and then a host of different nerves, mainly in the viscera and in the four limbs. So broadly, what we do is we design these materials called shape memory polymers. I'm a polymer chemist from my PhD training at Georgia Tech. But then we use photo orthography to build flexible electronics onto these materials. We do things like control the charge injection capacity so we can get a lot of current out of very small areas by nanostructuring materials like titanium nitride. We build devices with low noise so we can actually understand what nerves are doing. And the goal is to really enable this hypothesis-driven neuroscience research. So right now we're providing research tools for collaborators back in Dallas and across the country to help map the connectome and understand debilitating neurological conditions. In the future, we hope to translate this to be a therapy in and of itself to treat patients. So how these plastics work-- I won't get too deep into the chemistry-- but a lot of materials, if you look at them as a function of temperature, are fairly stable in terms of their modulus or their stiffness. But if you've ever taken a racquetball and dunked it in liquid nitrogen and thrown it against a wall, or taken a banana and gotten it really cold, you can hit a nail into a board with this banana. A lot of polymers, when they get really cold, get really hard and stiff. When they get really hot they melt or they get very soft. We can control that modulus change within a five-degree temperature window. So we have these materials that are right at a transition that get soft very, very quickly. What we've also found out how to do is, we can have that softening be triggered by the absorption of small amounts of fluid, not enough to disrupt our electronics, but enough to make the whole substrate network very soft. So what you see here is a device that's, when it's dry in the black line, it has this little transition between 40 and 50 degrees. And when it gets wet, that transition moves to between 20 and 40 degrees. Now that doesn't look like a lot, just a little blip on some random curve from an instrument in the lab called a differential scanning calorimeter. But what this allows us to do is give surgeons five or six hours to implant these devices while they're as stiff as PEK, poly ether ketone, or a polyamide, or parylene c. And then once they get to physiological conditions, they'll get a soft as silicone rubber, or in a lot of cases, softer than silicone rubber. And we've found ways, now, to build microelectronics onto these plastics. So here's another little video of one of these polymers that's been trained to coil around a nerve. So we're using a hair dryer here to show the effect pretty quickly. But you can imagine a surgeon putting this in and getting it to self-wrap around a nerve. In fact, in the bottom right of the screen there, or bottom left on your side, you can see one of our thin film electronic devices that's wrapping tightly around the vagus nerve. That's a two-channel electrode. We spend a lot of time studying the failure mechanics at interfaces to make sure these devices are going to withstand the aggressive, high deformation environments in the body. So this is a tool that we built that allows us to compress these devices and measure the radius of curvature of the electrodes. In this case, we built transistors both parallel and perpendicular to that bending stress. And we did that on the inside and the outside of devices. We can measure electrical performance, but we can also do microscopy and understand what's happening to, in this case, the gold electrode, or in this case, the DNTT, the [INAUDIBLE] which is an organic semiconductor, what the deformation mechanics looked like, how to design devices that aren't going to fail when they're subjected to a lot of these kinds of conditions. And at first, we do that dry, and then we do it in moist, aggressive biological environments. So this is a typical pattern of what one of our photo lithographic processes would look like. We've came up with some clever technology to sort of begin building devices upside down, and then we can transfer those devices off onto a polymer substrate. So it's sort of like if you were to take super glue and scotch tape. If you imagine taking a piece of super glue that's already hardened and sticking scotch tape onto it, you could pull that tape off pretty easily. But if you started with scotch tape and actually cured the super glue under the scotch tape, it sticks a whole lot more. You have to scrape off that scotch tape with a razor blade. Well, in the same way, if we can use our polymers not just as a material that we're building electronics on, but we can integrate that polymerization into the gate stack processing of the device, we can get a lot of the polar groups in the polymer to stick to thin film metals, to stick to insulators, and really give us great coupling through these thin film layers. So we'll build between 20- and 200-nanometer layers of gold. We'll sputter on nanostructured titanium nitride, and then use this transfer process to basically get really good electronics built at very small size scales. And if there are questions later, we can go into that process in more detail. We've hit some of the high points. Each of these steps involves several different photo lithographic steps in the clean room. So some of the early animal work we've done lends a lot of credibility to this softening hypothesis. In fact, the Chair of Bioengineering at George Mason University, we were able to convince him to move to UT Dallas about two months ago to continue to work with us to really prove out this hypothesis. But Joe and I got this big Army grant just a month ago or so. What you see here is an immunohistochemistry plot of a cortical probe that was put into a rat brain. We were able to record 350-microvolt signals after 77 days, so almost three months in that rat brain, with these PEDOT electrodes. A PEDOT is a conductive polymer that we put, in this case, on top of our gold electrodes. Then what we did is we stained, we sectioned the rat brain and stained it for different cell types. And what you'll notice is that there's very little scarring right around the device, and we can clearly see different cortical regions, the different color stripes that are unperturbed with these devices. So we put these devices in while they were really stiff, and then after a couple hours, they got really soft and didn't lead to that same kind of scarring response. We've had a number of generations of these nerve tag cuff electrodes. We've worked very closely with the Romero Lab at UT Dallas. Mario Romero is a close colleague who does a lot of the animal work with us. And he's put our devices onto a host of different nerves and measured physiological responses. This is a study of baseline noise and spiking activity in a hypoxic rat. So we're able to reduce the amount of oxygen that the rat is breathing at a certain time, and cause the rat to then-- certain nerves to fire a little bit more. We've done work with Rob Butera's lab at Georgia Tech. And so here's a picture of one of our shape memory polymer devices as an upstream stimulating electrode, and then as a downstream recording electrode. And so this is the stimulus artifact that we get on our recording electrode. And then this is that sort of ionic signal that's moving through the nerve a little bit later, something called the compound action potential. We can also measure just random noise or random movement as the animal's breathing, and then we can use spike sorting and filtering to understand what nerves are doing in their ambient environments. This is a lot of work that was done on the sciatic, the cervical vagus, and then we've done a lot of work on the splanchnic nerve as well. Working with Ken Yoshida's lab at Indiana University and Purdue University in Indianapolis, we're doing some neat work on depositing our electrodes onto tungsten microneedles that we can thread interfascicularly through very, very small nerves, and we can use that, then, to position electronics very carefully. I haven't talked a lot about how we get the signal out. The next part of the talk will be here. The beginning is just sort of how we get devices in and how we're interfacing photolithographically defined structures with the nervous system. I'll also come pass around a couple little samples while I'm talking here. Maybe Rommel can come show these around. But these are just some of the device configurations that we've put together. One of the things that's coming around is some of these plexus blanket electrodes that we're working on with Jay Pasricha's lab. Jay is one of the leading gastroenterologists in the world working at Johns Hopkins University. And he's done a lot studying the guts and the stomach. And we're working on devices for him that can help manipulate signals moving to and from these nerve plexi and understand those. So these self-wrapping coiling devices that can fit around the stomach. We're doing some really neat work in cochlear implants. So this is a project that we're working on with colleagues at UT Southwestern, specifically a fellow named Ken Lee. And so what you're looking at here, in the video that's playing in the top left, is a cochlear implant from a company like Cochlear. As that's inserted into a cochlea, you can see how this hugs the outer wall of the cochlea. Often, that causes a traumatic insertion, and you're scraping cells, and doing a lot of damage as that cochlear implant is going in. Well, with the self-coiling shape memory polymer-based electrode, what we can do is we can time the recovery force of that material. What you'll notice is that we're never really touching either of those walls as we're inserting this device, and so we can have these modiolar-hugging self-wrapping electrodes that can position our high charge injection capacity electrodes in the scala tympani, this region in the cochlear, up against the organ of corti neurons that allows us to do better stimulation. What we can also do is build, for instance, robotic insertion devices that will help surgeons time this implant correctly so that we can coil several turns into the cochlea. So why is this a problem? Cochlear implants are perhaps the most successful medical device in the history of the world. There are 200,000 working cochlear implants in patients today. It's a $2 billion a year industry that's been around for almost 30 years. So what I'm going to play for you is some different sounds of what sounds might sound like in a cochlear implant. So if you only had one electrode working [CRACKLING SOUND] that's what a sound would sound like. If you had two electrodes, [AUDIO PLAYBACK] [STATIC] [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: You start to get a little bit of definition in the sound, but it's still hard to pick out what's what. At four different discrete frequencies, [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: And then at eight. [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: And then at 16. So this is where modern cochlear implants sort of are. [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: So you can probably hear the sentence. It's a weird sentence, I apologize. It has the right balance of consonants and vowels, apparently, to be used as a sentence. And then at 32 channels. [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: And then the unfiltered signal. [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: So you can see, even between-- [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: That sort of tinny, very processed sound-- [AUDIO PLAYBACK] -A boy fell from the window. [END PLAYBACK] WALTER VOIT: --and natural audio, there's a huge difference. And we'd love cochlear implant patients to be able to really appreciate sound, appreciate music. My wife, who's here in the back, Felicity, she's an ear, nose and throat head and neck surgeon at UT Southwestern. And so we're working with her and some of her bosses-- Ken Lee is one of them-- to really try to understand these self-wrapping atraumatic insertion cochlear implants. But the idea is, if we can position these electrodes closer to the nerves we're trying to stimulate, we've got higher charge injection capacity, we can get more current out of a smaller area, we can get more specificity, we've got a lot better way to interact with this complex part of the body. So the way we can do a lot of this in a university setting is because we're, in some sense, it seems, some days, not in a real university setting. Texas Instruments has helped leverage close to a billion dollars into UT Dallas over the last 15 years through some state projects and grants and funding. This building that we work in is a $100 million facility that's built around a $50 million clean room facility. And so even though that's only seven or eight years old, these eight guys that run our clean room have a combined 200 years' experience running clean rooms at TI. And so I can send students like Rommel down there to get trained by experts who've been doing this all their lives, and really get all of the details right. We can focus our understanding on polymers, on interfaces, and really use this as a core facility to process complex electronics onto shape-changing plastics. So our first generation of these nerve tags, this path towards being able to get big data from the nervous system, looks a little bit like a mini squid. We've got a-- and that's not a quantum interference device. That's like a biological squid. We've got our antenna. This is a little copper coil in the back. This whole thing is encapsulated in a thin layer of silicone. We've got a lithium polymer 10-milliamp power battery on top, so we're able to inductively power this device at 13 megahertz from a cage that a rat would sit in. And then we use that battery to stimulate and to block nerves in the rat. And then we've got a channel for recording and a channel for ECG. And so that's sort of what the first generation of device looked like. But the whole thing was made very inexpensively for $100. And then we interface it with our polymer electrodes. So that's maybe arguably the more expensive part here at the ends, where we've been able to photolithographically define complex geometries and then connect them back to this device. In the future, we hope that a lot of this will be miniaturized, maybe into a single die, even, that will be much, much smaller. So here you see a sample of one of these devices. We're able to wirelessly stimulate the sciatic nerve of a rat. In the top you have the device that's just sitting sort of on top of the rat, and on the bottom you can see that it's fully implanted. But if you look at the relative size, it's still too large to have hundreds or thousands of these positioned in across the body. And this is sort of the reality of where we are right now. Where we want to go is to have this be more like sophisticated acupuncture. You would have these smart, intelligent needles that can put these grain of rice sized devices, maybe made out of our materials, maybe not, but made out of materials that can intimately interface with nerves and serve as this chronically viable, abiotic biotic interface to get information in and out of the body. And so some of the large challenges come in encapsulation, and so we play with a host of different accelerated aging conditions, both materials and electrical, in PBS, phosphate buffered saline, in bovine serum albumin, in water, also then in animals, to really understand how these materials behave acutely, subchronically, and chronically. Some of the related technologies that have spun out of the lab have to do with building other thin film sensors with these materials. This is a sample of one of the temperature sensors that we've built in the lab. We spun in a company this last year called Pascalor, Pascal for a unit of force, and calore for calorimetry, or heat, or heat flow. And we've built some of the world's most sensitive temperature sensors and pressure sensors with some caveats. The temperature sensors can measure a thousandth of a degree change in temperature, but over a four-degree temperature window. Now we can change the polymer. And in each four degrees, we can measure something with a thousandth of a degree accuracy. But in areas where thermal conditions are fairly well-known, like in and around the body, this gives us a lot of sensitivity. So when a lot of temperature sensors would have, maybe, a 25% change in properties, we can get a 10 billion percent change in that same property over that four-degree temperature window. So what you see here is a temperature sensor that's put onto the brachial artery. And we can know that the hand is going to move before the hand moves based on the heated blood flow that's traveling through that brachial artery. And we can get that with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios with some of these temperature sensors. If you look on the left there, we're tracking finger height in that plot as a distance off of a surface. And so what we can do is sort of wave our fingers in front of a screen and measure the relative distance of that finger to the screen based on the thermal gradient between your finger and that temperature sensor. If you look at that compared to a conventional thermocouple, we have very, very smooth lines. We have much, much higher sampling and sort of much better data rate than a conventional thermocouple. We're combining this with some of the work we've done in thin film pressure censors. So in the last two years we've developed what we think is the world's softest, fully elastic material. It has a modulus of one kilopascal, which is about 10 times softer than most cortical tissue. We can spin this into a 20-nanometer thick layer. We can build interdigitated electronics onto that material. So what we've built here is-- the whole stack is less than 10 microns thick, but it's a transparent thin film matrix address pressure sensor. So you can see when we're pushing sort of on the pixel, you can push and hold, and you can measure sort of the lightest finger taps all the way to very, very heavy forces. If we had a fly come and land on one of these materials, we could see how the weight was distributed among that fly's legs, which is really cool. You can see if you're pushing other pixels, there's almost no overlap in that signal than when we're over sort of the sensitive pixel. And we can build these pixels with about 40-micron spacing. So we could have a screen. Imagine some sort of touch screen, that you could interact with that screen in three dimensions when you're outside of the screen, and then as soon as you touch it, you can sort of interact down into the screen. So we see a lot of neat applications, both for wearable and consumer electronics, but also for really interesting new ways to interface with biology in terms of pressure and temperature. Another company that we spun out, Syzygy Memory Plastics, is doing some neat stuff in the audio world and in the oil and gas world. What you see on the right here is something called a frac ball. But these help us do hydraulic fracturing, which is pretty big in Texas. But we want to be able to maintain 5,000 PSI on top of this frac ball, and then have it completely degrade in a very fixed amount of time. Most polymers have a linear degradation profile, so if the well temperature's a few degrees off, it will degrade too quickly or too slowly. We have this logistic degradation profile that maintains its mechanical properties for a couple days, and then all of a sudden the whole network falls apart. And so this gives us a lot of specificity to help keeping oil wells open. I gave a talk across campus this morning from our 3-D printing company, Adaptive 3-D Technologies. And the problem there we've tried to solve is that most industrially 3-D printed parts can't be used for direct applications. People print molds, they print jigs, and then they do manufacturing around 3-D printed parts, but not manufacturing with 3-D printed parts. If you look at the stock prices of some of the big polymer 3-D printing companies-- that's sort of shown-- there was all this hype leading up to 2014 that they could solve some of the grand challenges in additive manufacturing, i.e., print a part that goes into an automobile. Unfortunately, that hype didn't quite pan out, and you've seen a lot of these stock prices dropping in the last couple years. But it's not a business model problem. It's a materials problem. You need to be able to print materials, this layer, then this layer, then this layer, then this one, that are as strong in this direction as they are in this direction. And with a lot of our study of interface physics, of polymer physics, we've come up with ways to delay that cross-linking during 3-D printing to build isotropically tough materials. In materials that are tremendously strong, this is a stress strain response that's very similar to nylon. We can stretch up to 400% with a stress of 50 MPA, for instance, and so we're really excited about this next generation of 3-D printable materials. Another company that we recently spun out is called Aeries Materials. There's a problem in semiconductor processing today, and it's this thing called CTE mismatch, or the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion mismatch. It's sort of a rule in the industry that you can't design materials that are thermally mismatched, or when you cycle them, they will fall apart. So in this case, these thiol ene acrylate shape memory polymers that we've built, which have a CTE of almost 70 parts per million, should fail miserably when you put them in contact with thin film metals. But in fact, we can withstand multiple thermal cycles up to 270 degrees C, and we have misalignment of less than one micron per centimeter. So if you compare that with materials up here, like polyamide, like biaxally oriented polyethylene naphthylate, like polycarbonate, all these materials, as you thermally cycle them, they'll shrink and warp, and you'll not be able to align transistors on a photo mask over a large area. The reason we don't have cellphones today that you can crumple up and stick in your pocket is it's prohibitively difficult to build electronics onto plastics over large areas and still align all these components with submicron precision. Well, people have thought that CTE mismatch is this problem that dominates that. But the reality is, CTE mismatch is a symptom of having a lot of cure stress built into your polymer. We've come up with materials that, as they polymerize, are completely stress-free. So if that material has the strain capacity to accommodate that mismatch, and we don't have these local stress concentrators, we can build plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride, which has a CTE of 2.3, onto a material with a CTE of 70, and thermally cycle this indefinitely to 270 degrees and not fail. And so we're doing some interesting work in building flexible backplanes in materials, again, based on solving this very small interface physics problem as related to how polymers and metals stick together. Lastly, something that we've spun out is something I'm very happy with. Chris has actually helped us with this a little bit in his spare time. But we've written one of the world's most comprehensive mods for "Minecraft." "Minecraft" is ostensibly the world's most popular video game. It's been downloaded four billion times in the last four years. There are more YouTube videos about "Minecraft" than even cats, which is surprising. There are about 100 million daily players of "Minecraft." And so we've gone and written a layer of material science in and on top of "Minecraft," not to be educational-- it is very educational-- but to be fun. Kids can build flame throwers and jet packs and scuba gear and pogo sticks and bouncy castles if they teach themselves the underlying materials processing. So we've added oil and petrochemical refining and tech trees and ways to make all these sophisticated materials. But they're teaching themselves what we want them to learn in college so that they can build overpowered items to either blow up their friends in "Minecraft" or get around the world a little bit more quickly, or show off a better base. And so we've found some really neat ways to tap into these new modalities of learning using programming and using video games. And so we just launched this a little while ago. UT Dallas is actually offering weekly $5,000 scholarships for the Polycrafter of the Week. So if any you guys have kids that are thinking about college and want to win some scholarships playing "Minecraft," this is their ticket. So in review, I've shown you some interesting things on the implantable sensor side of things. We have thin film transparent sensors that are mainly photolithographically defined. We've done work with carbon nanotubes. Here you see a high charge injection capacity titanium nitride interface with all these little columnar posts. This is a dipole fractal antenna. We've got a laser system, a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser that can cut out samples within just a few microns of electronics and not redeposit sediment on the electronics. And so we're doing some neat things to build devices to help us understand what the body's doing. Some other neat capabilities we have back at the University, one of my colleagues-- he was the president of MRS, the Materials Research Society, back in 2013. And he works on a material called ultra nano crystal and diamond, which is one of the world's stiffest materials. It has a modulus of 1,400 gigapascals, making it more than 10 times stiffer than steel. We can photo pattern UNCD and build exoskeletons in and around our devices to make them anisotropically stiff, but then very flexible when they bend and contort inside the brain. Another neat capability we have back in Dallas, this is Moon Kim, and he runs one of the 20 most powerful microscopes in the world. This is an aberration corrected transmission electron microscope that can resolve down to 78 picometers. So a single-carbon carbon bond is about 150 picometers. So we can see point defects in [INAUDIBLE] disulfide, in graphene, in carbon nanostructures, and really use this to study things like single electron transistors and high K dielectric materials, and a lot sort of in the nano and the quantum world. And so in the end, we've got great infrastructure back in Dallas that's really been the driver for being able to build a lot of these sophisticated devices on the plastics. And in Texas, we like to think small. So with that, I'd love to answer any questions. Oh yeah, one more comment. Yesterday we found out we were picked as one of the panel winners at the big South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas in March. There's going to be a forum called Inner Space: Bioelectronics and Medicine's Future. And so I'll be there speaking with Kris Famm, who's the head there from Glaxo SmithKline of Bioelectronics, and the president of SetPoint Medical from New York, and then someone from the Metropolitan Museum of Art to talk about of the confluence of art and neuroscience. So I'd love to answer any questions. Thank you very much for your time. [APPLAUSE] AUDIENCE: So after a few months, you gave the example with the rat with the implant. Does the neural signal degrade? You know, they get corroded, like tends to happen with some of these devices. WALTER VOIT: So for the one that we had in the rat for three months the signal was unperturbed for those three months. Unfortunately, the animal protocols we had, we were forced to sacrifice the animal at that time and do histology and immunohistochemistry. So that big Army grant that we got, we are looking at that over much longer time frames. But in that case, we had the 350-microvolt signals, which are the same as when the device started. Now the cortex is a little bit different environment than in the periphery, and so we're trying to study that phenomenon both centrally and peripherally to look at the effects of immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised areas. AUDIENCE: Thanks for your talk. Really great work. You are using supercapacitors and some energy harvesting tricks for the power management of some of your systemms. So I wondered if you could talk about that. WALTER VOIT: Sure. Sure. So there are a lot of competing approaches to getting energy inside the body. A lot of the devices that we've done preliminary research with are still wired devices, so we use omnetics connectors, and we have cables that are bonded out straight to our recording instruments. For the first generation of wireless devices, there are a host of competing technologies across the country. Purdue is doing some really neat stuff in that area. There is some neat stuff that's being done with optogenetics and using power to power lasers, and then using lasers to communicate with light. In terms of the supercapacitors in the batteries, we've chosen these lithium polymer batteries, these 10-milliamp power lithium polymer batteries because they've got a small footprint, we can charge them with fairly simple circuitry from inductive coils that we can pattern straight on to our plastics. Right now for the larger devices, we're still using coils of copper or other metals. But in the future, miniaturized devices, we've got some really neat technology to photo polymerize and photo pattern very small antenna traces that can behave like much larger antennas straight onto our plastics, and that would be enough to then power some of these implantable batteries. Great Batch is a big company. They just moved their headquarters to Dallas a couple years ago. But they've got some pretty sophisticated implantable battery technology that powers a lot of the biomedical implants that are on the market today. In terms of the super capacitors, we've done less work so far in integrating our devices with those, so I can't comment more on those right now, at least publicly. But for the devices we have, the battery powered ones are the ones that are working the best that are fully wireless. AUDIENCE: Can you talk a little bit about moisture barrier and encapsulation? That's always one of the issues that everybody runs into with implanted electronics, and particularly flex electronics because you don't have it in a hermetic enclosure. WALTER VOIT: Absolutely. So as polymer chemists, we spend a lot of time thinking about how to protect and properly package these electronics. And we have a number of different approaches we're exploring. So the most basic approach for a lot of these devices you've seen is a thin film parylene c coating, and that ranges anywhere from 800 nanometers to 10 microns in thickness of that parylene. The problem you get when you get parylene up to 10 microns in thickness, which is sort of enough to prevent pin holes and a lot of moisture, is that size begins to dominate the mechanical properties of your device. In a lot of cases, these electronics that we build are-- the whole gate stack is 10 to 25 microns thick. So if you put 10 microns of parylene on either side, that's dominated everything. So Rommel's actually been heading up a research into low stress nitrides. We're doing work with silicon nitride. We've done some work with silicon carbide. We're doing work with composite stacks of materials to try to, in a very thin film way, prevent shunt impedance and prevent moisture from getting into our electronics. The parylene encapsulation has been good enough for our subchronic implants, so lasting three months or six months or so. As we move into the multi-year time frame, though, it will be probably more combinations of these composite approaches. We've also designed our substrates, though, to be pretty good moisture barriers. We can tune the hydrofelicity, or the hydrophobicity of our polymer substrate. We can position these electronics into the neutral plane of our device. So we've got, let's say, 10 microns of our shape memory polymer on the bottom and on the top, which has been tuned to be a very good moisture barrier. Then we've got our gate stack that has other very thin film encapsulants. A problem with things like these low stress nitrides is they become brittle and they don't have a lot of strain capacity. So if you want a material that's flexible and bendable and stretchable, you're sort of at odds with using ceramic interfaces, basically. So we try to accommodate that geometrically by building highly serpentine traces where we can accommodate sort of longitudinally or torsionally a little bit of that strain so that these thin film ceramics don't crack. And that's, I think, one of the big challenges in implantable flexible electronics is to be able to move away from hermetically sealed tin cans to devices that are small enough and soft enough to interface with biology over long periods of time. And I don't want to say for a second that we've solved that problem, but I think we're attacking that problem from a lot of different angles. And I think it's going to be a lot of combined solutions that get you a little bit of the way there that, in total, get devices that are going to be good enough for subchronic and potentially chronic implants. Thanks a lot for coming in. And we appreciate your time and attention. [APPLAUSE]

Voiceover: All right, the next theory that we're going to take a look at is Vygotsky's Theory of Development, which is also the Sociocultural Theory of Development. So building upon the importance of social interaction, Vygotsky studies the role that social interaction plays in the development of cognition. So he was really focused on the social interaction between children, which are obviously growing, so he focused on children and their growth development, the interactions they had with those around them, in the development of their cognition and their higher order learning. Now Vygotsky actually, unfortunately, passed away at a very young age; he was only 38, so much of his theory was left unfinished. But from what we do know of what he did discover and what he did theorize, gives us a lot of insight into this theory of development. So Vygotsky developed this theory and he said that babies had elementary mental functions, and there are four of them. So these elementary mental functions, I'm gonna just right short-hand M F for mental function. So he said there were four of them. One of them is attention. So we have attention; we have sensation, as babies remember. We have perception, and we also have memory. So these are the four elementary mental functions that babies have. Now eventually through interaction with their environment, the socio-culture environment, these elementary mental functions are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes or strategies. And this is what we call our higher mental functions. So much of our important learning that a child goes through occurs through the social interaction with a skillful tutor. So whether it's their teacher, their parents someone older. So this tutor acts as a model, and they model their behaviors, or they provide verbal instruction for the child. So the child often tries to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor, often the parent or the teacher. And then they internalize it. And they use to that to actually guide and regulate their own performance. So let's take a little trip down memory lane, memory lane. Think about when you were a little kid, and when you were given your first puzzle to put together. I remember when I had my first puzzle, and I was trying to solve it all alone; I had a really hard time. But I also remember my dad sitting right next to me and describing and demonstrating some basic techniques and tips and strategies to solve it. So he first told me to put, or actually find all the corner and edge pieces and to separate those from the middle pieces. And he gave me a couple pieces to put together and kept on encouraging me as I went along. So eventually, I became more competent, and my father didn't have to sit next to me, and he was just able to watch me solve the puzzle. I was able to learn I was actually able to work more independently. So higher mental functions are characterized more by independent learning and thinking. But that can only be cultivated by the elementary mental functions, which involve a tutor or someone older who acts as a guide through which we model our behavior. So according Vygotsky, this type of social interaction involves cooperative and collaborative dialogue, and that's what promotes this cognitive ability or development. So, in this example I was telling you about, my dad was an MKO, which is a more knowledgeable other. So this is the first key term that I want you to know. MKO stands for more knowledgeable other. So this is one term that Vygotsky defined. So the more knowledgeable other is basically someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, which, in this example, was me. I was the learner. So this MKO has a higher level of, of understanding and ability with respect to whatever the task is at hand. So in this case, my dad was an MKO cuz he had a better understanding of how to put the puzzle together than I did. So an MKO is someone else, but then we have to add in that sociocultural factor. So the interaction of myself, which is right here, with the MKO, the other person is what leads to learning, which I'll put over here. And it's what also leads to these higher mental functions in independence. Now the second key term that I want you to know is called the zone of proximal development, so ZPD for short, but I'll just write it out here. So it's called the zone of proximal development, and basically, I'm gonna illustrate in a second for you what what this looks like. But this zone of proximal development is the part where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given. So in my puzzle example, I was in that zone of proximal development because I was most sensitive to the information my father was giving me. I was between the ability of being able to do something and not being able to do something. And then that zone of guidance that I received is what allowed me to transition from the set of skills I already had to a more expanded set of skills by learning, and going beyond what I had already known. So this is what develops these higher mental functions. So let's pretend that this is our, right here I'm gonna draw a box. And this box right here represents everything that's beyond our reach and what we can't do. So I'm gonna do, put a big Can't Do over here, and this little circle inside over here represents everything we can do currently; in our current state, it's what we can do. And according to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development is the link between the two, right in here, your ZPD. And that is the zone or the area that's most sensitive to instructional guidance, that allows the learner or child to develop the skills they already have and to use it on their own and go beyond into the areas they can't do, to expand that learning. So for example, I couldn't solve the jigsaw puzzle by myself when I was little; it would have taken me such a long time to do or at all. But I was able to solve it, following the interaction with my father. The ZPD involves and interaction with the MKO. And eventually, I developed that competence of that skill that I can also use in the future. So this arrow right here, just gonna show you, is what represents all of our learning and our development. Now another important part of Vygotsky's theory was the importance of language. So I'll put that right over here. Number three is language. So according to Vygotsky, he said that language is the main means by which adults transmit info to children, and it's also a very powerful tool of intellectual adaptation. So he looked at private speech. Now private speech is also called internal speech. It's when people talk out loud to themselves. Which happens most likely with what type of populations? Do adults speak out loud to themselves a lot or do children? Well, it's actually children. Most children engage in private speech. And he, Vygotsky, sees this as a way for children to plan activities and strategies, and this aids in their development. This active speaking to themselves, talking out loud. So he said this language is, therefore, an accelerator for thinking and understanding. So children who engage in large amounts of private speech are actually much more socially competent than children who do not use it that much. So he believed that language develops from social interactions for communication purposes. And later language ability becomes internalized as thought. So as we grow older, it becomes more internalized, which is called our inner speech, so basically, thought is a result of language. That ability to think for ourselves and develop that independence of executing skills comes from this importance of language, according to Vygotsky. So there you have it. These are the three main parts of his theory.

THEN said a rich man, Speak to us of Giving. And he answered: You give but little when you give of your possessions. It is when you give of yourself that you truly give. For what are your possessions but things you keep and guard for fear you may need them tomorrow? And to-morrow, what shall to-morrow bring to the over-prudent dog burying bones in the trackless sand as he follows the pilgrims to the holy city? And what is fear of need but need itself? Is not dread of thirst when your well is full, the thirst that is unquenchable? There are those who give little of the much which they have – and they give it for recognition and their hidden desire makes their gifts unwholesome. And there are those who have little and give it all. These are the believers in life and the bounty of life, and their coffer is never empty. There are those who give with joy, and that joy is their reward. And there are those who give with pain, and that pain is their baptism. And there are those who give and know not pain in giving, nor do they seek joy, nor give with mindfulness of virtue; They give as in yonder valley the myrtle breathes its fragrance into space. Through the hands of such as these God speaks, and from behind their eyes He smiles upon the earth. IT is well to give when asked, but it is better to give unasked, through understanding; And to the open-handed the search for one who shall receive is joy greater than giving. And is there aught you would withhold? All you have shall some day be given; Therefore give now, that the season of giving may be yours and not your inheritors’. And you receivers – and you are all receivers – assume no weight of gratitude, lest you lay a yoke upon yourself and upon him who gives. Rather rise together with the giver on his gifts as on wings; For to be overmindful of your debt is to doubt his generosity who has the free-hearted earth for mother, and God for father. You often say, “I would give, but only to the deserving.” The trees in your orchard say not so, nor the flocks in your pasture. They give that they may live, for to withhold is to perish. Surely he who is worthy to receive his days and his nights is worthy of all else from you. And he who has deserved to drink from the ocean of life deserves to fill his cup from your little stream. And what desert greater shall there be, than that which lies in the courage and the confidence, nay the charity, of receiving? And who are you that men should rend their bosom and unveil their pride, that you may see their worth naked and their pride unabashed? See first that you yourself deserve to be a giver, and an instrument of giving. For in truth it is life that gives unto life-while you, who deem yourself a giver, are but a witness.

Spanish: CREO QUE ME SIENTO CON CONFIANZA Y RELAJADA YO TE PUEDO ENSEÑAR GRACIAS VENEZUELA Y LA MÁS CERCANA A LA CORONA ES INDIA . >>> MISS INDIA TIENE 26 AÑOS Y UNA MAESTRÍA EN SALUD PÚBLICA . >>> GRACIAS COMO TE VA . Spanish: >>> AQUÍ VA LA PREGUNTA. >>> COMO ACTRIZ HAS COLABORADO CON ALGUNOS DE LOS ACTORES MÁS FAMOSOS DE TU PAÍS CON QUÉ CELEBRIDAD AMERICANA TE GUSTARÍA TRABAJAR? . >>> ESTOY AQUÍ PARA HABLAR CONTIGO O SEA QUE CREO QUE ESOS LO QUE ME GUSTARÍA HACER HOY Y Spanish: SI ME DIERAN UNA OPCIÓN ME GUSTARÍA CON LEONARDO DICAPRIO . >>> English: >>> WILSON. THAT'S THE WHOLE FISH DEAL OF EARLIER, RIGHT? THEY'RE IN L.A. TONIGHT. SO BRING OUT JARED GOFF, UNDERSTOOD THE HOLLYWOOD SIGN. THE RAMS AND THE SEAHAWKS, SIX MINUTES FROM "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" ON NBC. BUT FIRST, WE HAVE THE BEST OF WEEK 14 PRESENTED BY VERIZON. THE NETWORK MORE PEOPLE RELY ON. MEGA GAMES TODAY. IN SAN FRANCISCO/NEW ORLEANS BATTLE. >> KYLE SHANAHAN BROUGHT OUT THE PLAYBOOK OF TRICK PLAYS AND GOT THE OFFENSE JUMP STARTED. >> SAINTS OUT TO A BIG LEAD. NINERS GOT BACK CLOSE. English: DREW BREES WITH SIX TOUCHDOWNS. >> SMITH INCONSISTENT THIS YEAR BUT THIS IS A GREAT RUN GETTING THE END ZONE. >> THE SAINTS ARE UP AND MISSED THE TWO-POINT CONVERSION. THEY GET IN POSITION. >> FOURTH AND TWO. GEORGE KITTLE. >> WITH A ROOKIE. >> LOOK AT THIS EFFORT. >> 39 YARDS ON THE CATCH AND RUN. THE FACE MASK ADDS 15. IN POSITION FOR THE VETERAN ROBBY GOLD TO GET THE CAME WINNER. SAN FRANCISCO GOES ON THE ROAD PUTS UP 48 AND BEATS THE SAINTS BY 2. TO SLIDE INTO THE NUMBER ONE MOMENT IN THE NFC. IN GREEN BAY, RODGERS GOT IT DONE. >> HE IS NO LONGER THE KEY TO THIS OFFENSE. IT IS AARON JONES, A BIG DAY. BEAUTIFUL PASS BY RODGERS. >> PACKERS 10-2. PITTSBURGH IT FELT LIKE THEY WERE IN PITTSBURGH. A DAY IN ARIZONA. THEY WON. >> HOT, UNDEFEATED AS A STARTING UNDEFEATED QUARTERBACK. English: >> QUACK-QUACK. >> I LIKE IT. >> 7 OF THE LAST 8. WITH THE BILLS NEXT SUNDAY NIGHT IN BUFFALO. MEGA GAME FROM THE BILLS TODAY. LAMAR JACKSON DOING IT WITH HIS ARM. >> HESS SO FAST. ALMOST LOOKED LIKE A WIDE RECEIVER. >> THEY WERE UP 14. GREAT SHAPE. BUFFALO COMES BACK. >> LITTLE LEGAL PICK PLAY. GETS THEM WITHIN ONE SCORE. YEAH. >> AND THE BILLS HAD A CHANCE IN THE RED ZONE AT THE END OF THE GAME. >> BLITZ. A GREAT JOB OF PLAYING OUTSIDE TECHNIQUE AND KNOCKING THE PASS DOWN. >> THE RAVENS ARE IN AS THE NUMBER 1 SEED. MAHOMES LETS IT GO. >> HARTMAN BURNS THEM. >> PATRIOTS WITH A CHANCE TO TIE IT AT THE END. FOURTH AND FIVE. BRADY TO EDELMAN. >> GREAT PLAY. English: >> THE BEST. KANSAS CITY CLINCHES A PLAYOFF SPOT. ALL RIGHT, GUYS. TIME NOW TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE WINNERS BY LOWE'S. AMERICA, LIAM, CHRIS, MIKE ALL ARE ON THE SEAHAWKS WHICH IS GOING TO SEND ME TRYING TO BREAK THE TIE WITH TONY TO THE RAMS HERE. WHAT ARE YOU LOOKING FORWARD TO? >> I'M GOING TO PICK THE RAMS. I THINK THE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS WILL PUTT FOCUS ON STOPPING TODD GURLEY. JARED GOFF NEEDS A BIG GAME TONIGHT AND WILL HAVE ONE. >> I DON'T KNOW BECAUSE I FEEL SO MUCH PRESSURE. MY SON IS TELLING ME THE PICKS, LITTLE RJ. HE IS TERRIBLE THIS YEAR. SO I'M GOING TO GO WITH SOMETHING DIFFERENT. I'M GOING WITH THE RAMS. >> YOU CHANGE AND GO TO THE RAMS? >> PREVENT THE BIG PLAY. SELL OUT. >> THREW YOUR SON UNDER THE BUS. IT IS THE HOLIDAYS. >> TERRIBLE PICKER OF GAMES. >> TONIGHT'S WINNERS BY LOWE'S. SO GLAD YOU ARE MY FRIEND. English: >> SORRY, RJ. >> WE ARE ALL READY TO GO IN L.A. THROUGH YOUR SON UNDER THE BUS. BIG-TIME PLAYOFF IMPLICATIONS. RAMS CHASING THE WILD CARD SPOT. AL, CRIS AND MICHEL HAVE THE CALL. ENJOY "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" ON English: NBC. >> THIS HAS BEEN HYUNDAI'S "SUNDAY NIGHT KICKOFF." ♪♪ >>> WEEK 14 OF THE NFL SEASON BRINGS US TO LOS ANGELES WHERE THE NFC WEST IS IN THE SPOTLIGHT AS THE RAMS TAKE THE FIELD. SET TO MEET THE SEAHAWKS ON Spanish: (MUSICA) (SONIDO AMBIENTE( (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( English: "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL." ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪ WAITING ALL DAY FOR SUNDAY NIGHT ♪ ♪ ALL RIGHT WHAT A NIGHT ♪ ♪ FINALLY HERE ♪ ♪ SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL KICKING INTO HIGH GEAR ♪ ♪ THE STARS HAVE ARRIVED ♪ ♪ COME ON GET UP AND CHEER ♪ ♪ HEY DAK IT'S A FACT IT'S BACK IN TOWN ♪ ♪ THE SEAHAWKS AND THE RAMS IN THE DIVISION TO GO DOWN ♪ STADIUM'S ROCKING ♪ ♪ THE NFL'S BEST HAVE COME TO PLAY ♪ ♪ COAST TO COAST JUST ONE THING LEFT TO SAY ♪ ♪ I'VE WAITED ALL DAY FOR SUNDAY NIGHT ♪ ♪ TOUGH MAN CLUB I HEARD TOM FIGHT ♪ ♪ 100 SEASONS STRONG AND WE'RE DOING IT RIGHT ♪ ♪ THAT'S WHY WE'RE WAITING ALL DAY FOR SUNDAY NIGHT ♪ >> HOW DO YOU LIKE THAT? Spanish: MOMO (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( English: >> WOW. >> OH BABY. >> UNBELIEVABLE! ♪ OH YEAH ♪ ♪ WAITED ALL DAY ♪ ♪ WAITING ALL DAY FOR SUNDAY NIGHT ♪♪ >> IT IS THE ENTERTAINMENT CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. FOR 96 YEARS, A TON OF DRAMA AT THE LOS ANGELES COLISEUM. WHAT IS IN STORE TONIGHT? AS AARON DONALD AND THE RAMS GO TOE TO TOE WITH RUSSELL WILSON AND THE SEAHAWKS ON "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL." AL MICHAELS WITH CRIS COLLINSWORTH AND MICHELE TAFOYA. THERE IS NOMAR GIN FOR ERROR FOR THE RAMS. 7-5. THEY PROBABLY HAVE TO WIN OUT AND GET SOME HELP. ALMOST GOES WITHOUT SAYING. FOR THE RAMS TONIGHT'S GAME IS HUGE. MEANWHILE, THE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS BEEN A GREAT YEAR. UP NORTH. Spanish: (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( (SONIDO AMBIENTE( (SONIDO AMBIENTE( (SONIDO AMBIENTE( English: THEY HAVE A RECORD OF 10-2. THEY WIN TONIGHT THEY CLINCH A PLAYOFF BIRTH AND LEAD THE LEAGUE IN NAIL BITERS. ALMOST EVERY GAME GOES DOWN TO THE FINISH. THAT IS THEIR TRADEMARK IN THE 2019 SEASON. CRIS, THEY HAVE WITHOUT QUESTION SURPASSED ALL EXPECTATIONS AT 10-2. WHAT IS THE SEATTLE FORMULA THIS YEAR? >> I THINK OLD-SCHOOL FOOTBALL. THEY LOVE TO POUND IT WITH TWO GOOD RUNNING BACKS IN THERE. SEE SIX OFFENSIVE LINE MEN IN THE GAME FOR THEM AND THEY HAVE THIS MAGICIAN AT QUARTERBACK. FACE IT. THE MVP VOTING GOING TO COME DOWN TO EITHER RUSSELL WILSON OR LAMAR JACKSON. >> LAST YEAR LOSE TO NEW ENGLAND. THEY WANT TO AVOID WATCHING ON TELEVISION. HOW DO THEY GET IT DONE? >> JARED GOFF PLAYS SOME OF HIS BEST GAMES AGAINST SEATTLE. TODD GURLEY COMING OFF THE BEST GAME OF THE SEASON LAST WEEK BUT IT IS ABOUT THE RAMS DEFENSE. LAST TIME THEY PLAYED RUSSELL WILSON THEY HAD HIM UNDER SIEGE AND GOT HIM ON THE GROUND ONE TIME. THAT WILL NOT GET IT DONE English: TONIGHT. >> THE PLAYOFF PICTURE WILL BE CLEARER IN ABOUT THREE HOURS. SEATTLE AND LOS ANGELES ON "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL." ♪ WAITING ALL NIGHT FOR SUNDAY NIGHT NOTICE . >> "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" IS BROKE TO YOU BY -- Spanish: (SONIDO AMBIENTE( English: >>> NBC SPORTS WELCOMES YOU TO THE FOLLOWING PRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE. CELEBRATING 100 SEASONS. >> TOUCHDOWN, RAVENS! >> PATRIOTS, THEY WIN. >> WHAT WERE YOU THINKING? GETTING CAUGHT UP IN ALL OF THAT WHITE NOISE. >> HERE COMES WILSON. >> JUMPING ON THE NINERS HYPE TRAIN WHEN MY HAWKS HAVE NEVER LOST CONTROL OF THE WEST. >> LAMAR JACKSON. >> CROWNING THIS GUY MVP, WHEN HIS ARM IS MORE DANGEROUS THAN EVER. >> PERFECT PASS BY RUSSELL WILSON. >> YEAH, YEAH. I KNOW WHO THE RAMS ARE BUT IT'S DECEMBER NOW AND IT'S TIME TO WAKE UP. BECAUSE THE NFL GOT CAUGHT SLEEPING ON SEATTLE. ♪ THIS IS THE MOMENT ♪ >> Al: RUSSELL WILSON WITH GREAT YEARS. THIS WOULD BE HIS BEST. HE COULD VERY WELL BECOME THE MVP AT THE END OF THE SEASON. Spanish: (MÚSICA( (MUSICA) (MÚSICA( English: WE'LL SEE ABOUT THAT. WHAT ABOUT THE RAMS QUARTERBACK? TO THE FIELD WE GO. HERE'S MICHELE. >> Michele: AFTER SIGNING A RECORD CONTRACT IN THE OFFSEASON, JARED GOFF DOES NOT LOOK LIKE THE SAME QUARTERBACK HE WAS IN 2018. HE CAME IN TO DECEMBER OFF A NOVEMBER IN WHICH HE DID NOT THROW A SINGLE TOUCHDOWN PASS BUT HAD FIVE INTERCEPTIONS. GOFF TOLD US WHEN THINGS ARE BAD HOW YOU RESPOND IS HOW YOU'RE TRULY JUDGED AND THE WAY YOU GET OUT OF BAD SITUATIONS IS BY KEEPING YOUR HEAD DOWN AND WORKING. LAST WEEK AGAINST ARIZONA GOFF HAD A HIGHEST COMPLETION PERCENTAGE AND HIGHEST PASSER RATING OF THE SEASON EARNING NFC ALL DEFENSIVE PLAYER OF THE WEEK HONORS AND SEAN McVAY SAID THERE'S NOTHING LIKE THE TANGIBLE EVIDENCE OF A GOOD PERFORMANCE. JARED'S FEELING MORE LIKE HIMSELF. AL, THE RAMS GET TO THE PLAYOFFS, THAT'S THE GOFF THEY NEED. >> Al: THE DIVISION LEADERS, SAN FRANCISCO WON A CLASSIC GAME Spanish: (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( LOSSEATTLE SEAHAWKS VISITA A LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS MUY BUENAS NOCHES AMIGOS LES HABLA HÉCTOR LÓPEZ DÁNDOLE LA BIENVENIDA A LA NFL EN LA NBC ESTOS EQUIPOS SE ENFRENTARON OCTUBRE Y LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS GANARON EN OCTUBRE Y LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS NO PUEDEN DARSE POR VENCIDOS . >>> ES EL LÍDER EN LA LIGA EL SEÑOR JARED GOFF ESTÁ CUARTO EN LA LIGA DEBEREMOS SABER CÓMO SE COMPORTA LA DEFENSIVA DEL EQUIPO PARA PODER Spanish: MANTENERSE EN ESA TABLA DE POSICIÓN QUE USTEDES ESTÁN VIENDO EN LA PANTALLA. >>> SAN FRANCISCO GANÓ HOY ENTRA SEATTLE SEAHAWKS EL JUEGO ESTA NOCHE. >>> RUIGREEN BAY Y LOS COWBOYS ESTÁN PATINANDO . >>> QUE POR CIERTO CONVERSACIÓN EN EL MUNDO DE YA HJERRY JONS . >>> LA PATADA DE GREG ZUERLEIN NO LA VA A RETORNAR EL EQUIPO DE English: WITH THE SAINTS TODAY. GREEN BAY AND NEW ORLEANS AND DALLAS LEADING THE DIVISIONS. MINNESOTA WOULD BE A WILD CARD AND SEATTLE WITH A WIN VAULTS INTO NUMBER 1 SEED. IN HUNT OF THE RAMS, CHICAGO WINNING ON THURSDAY AND PHILADELPHIA A GAME BEHIND THE DALLAS COWBOYS. GREG ZUERLEIN WILL KICK OFF. THE RAMS WON THE TOSS. THEY HAVE DEFERRED. GOING BACK TO RECEIVE IS TRAVIS HOMER, ROOKIE OUT OF MIAMI. 60 DEGREES. CLEAR SKIES AND RAIN GOOD PART OF THE WEEKEND AND DOPPLER IS HERE TO TELL YOU CLEAR SKIES ALL NIGHT AS WE START WITH A TOUCHBACK. Spanish: LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS AQUÍ ESTA LA ALINEACIÓN . >>> HABLAN EN INGLÉS . >>>OFENSIVAMENTE ESTE EQUIPO DE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS LO QUE HACE LOS AÑOS DE EXPERIENCIA HAN HECHO MADURAR A ESTE GRUPO QUE HAN TENIDO LA TEMPORADA IMPRESIONANTE. AVANZA MUY CORTO DE UNA SOLA YARDA VAMOS A VER QUE INDICA EL ÁRBITRO PRINCIPAL Y VAN HABER EL APELLIDO DE ESTE SEÑOR ES MUY English: AND LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE SEATTLE OFFENSE. . SO THEY START WITH CHRIS CARSON IN THE BACK FIELD. THE RUNNING BACK. THEY ALSO USE A SIXTH OFFENSIVE LINEMAN QUITE OFTEN. THAT WOULD BE GEORGE FANT. AND A TWO-HEADED MONSTER AT RUNNING BACK WITH PENNY, AS WELL. THEY START WITH CARSON ON THE GROUND AND A FLAG. ONE PLAY, ONE FLAG: A GAIN OF ONE. SHAWN HOCHULI IS THE REFEREE TONIGHT. IN THE SECOND YEAR. >> Referee: ILLEGAL FORMATION, OFFENSE, ELIGIBLE RECEIVER 74 RECOVERING. FIVE-YARD PENALTY. >> Al: WE TALKED ABOUT THAT EXTRA OFFENSIVE LINEMAN IN THERE BUT ILLEGALLY. LOOK AT WILSON'S NUMBERS HERE. Spanish: FAMILIAR . >>> SHON COM. >>> INFRACCIÓN PARA EL EQUIPO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS MIRA LOS NÚMEROS IMPRESIONANTES ESA FUE CONTRA LOS RAM CONTESTÓ 15 DE 23 PASES CERO INT INTERSECCIONES J3 VEMOS A WILSON QUE NO TIENE BUEN RÉCORD TIENE SIETE JUEGOS GANADOS Y OCHO PERDIDOS PASABA PIDO POR LA IZQUIERDA QUE TREMENDA JUGADA LO FRENARON EN SECO P58 JCORY LITTLETON LO TIRÓ CONTRA EL PISO . >>> ESTE ES EL NÚMERO NUEVE EN English: WEEK FIVE AGAINST THE RAMS. UP IN SEATTLE. FOUR TOUCHDOWNS, A NEAR PERFECT PASSER RATING. THESE TWO TEAMS PLAYED SOME GREAT GAMES OVER THE PAST COUPLE OF YEARS. ALL OF THEM NAILBITERS. FIRST AND 15. AT THE 20 YARD LINE. OFF TO THE LEFT SIDE. TYLER LOCKETT. TOP RECEIVER. PICKS UP A YARD. COREY LITTLETON ALL OVER THE PLACE. GREAT LINEBACKER AND GREAT SPECIAL TEAMS GUY. MAKES A STOP SECOND DOWN. >> Cris: MAY BE THE BEST PLAYER YOU'VE NEVER HEARD OF BUT HE LEADS THIS TEAM IN TACKLES AND HIS SPEED SHOWS UP ALL NIGHT LONG FOR THIS RAMS DEFENSE. >> Al: RAMS DEFENSE IS SO GOOD SO OFTEN BUT IN A COUPLE OF CIRCUMSTANCES AGAINST TAMPA BAY AND BALTIMORE THEY HAVE BEEN English: SHREDDED HERE IN COLISEUM. JOSH GORDON IS IN THE GAME. STARTED THE YEAR AT NEW ENGLAND. NOW IN HIS FOURTH GAME. BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN. WILSON IN THE POCKET AND HE WILL GO THAT WAY AND HITS GORDON. TACKLED THERE BY TROY HILL. A LITTLE SHY OF THE FIRST DOWN. LOOK AT THE L.A. DEFENSE. . REVAMPED SECONDARY. WHEN THEY MET IN WEEK FIVE, PETERS AND TALIB FOR THE RAMS. THIRD DOWN AND TWO. THE BALL IS HANDED OFF TO CARSON. HE WILL THREAD HIS WAY TO THE 40 YARD LINE FOR A FIRST DOWN. CLAY MATTHEWS MAKES THE TACKLE. Spanish: LA LIGA ENTRANDO AL PARTIDO DE HOY CON UN TOTAL DE 102 TACOS . >>> EN ESTA TEMPORADA 2019 JCOR LITTLETON TIENE LA PELOTA RÁPIDO EL PASE POR LA DERECHA Y LA ATRAPA CORTO EL PRIMER RUSSELL WILSON CAPTURANDO EL PASE PJOSH GORDON QUE LLEVA UNOS PARTIDOS CON EL EQUIPO DE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS . >>>COMBINACIÓN DE VETERANOS COMO English: CARSON, THIRD YEAR OUT OF OKLAHOMA STATE. >> Cris: ANY TIME YOU TRY TO GET ON THE BACKSIDE, YOU HAVE TO DO SOMETHING TO TRY TO KEEP AARON DONALD OUT OF THE PLAY. AARON DONALD IS THE KEY TO THIS GAME. WE TALKED ABOUT RUSSELL WILSON MAY BE THE MVP. DONALD IS PROBABLY THE DEFENSIVE PLAYER OF THE YEAR AND AS LONG AS HE IS NEUTRALIZED LIKE THAT THEY HAVE A CHANCE. >> Al: CARSON LEADING THE LEAGUE IN RUSHING FIRST DOWNS THIS SEASON. FLANKS WILSON. FAKE AND THEN WILSON FIRES. CAUGHT. UP TO THE 50 YARD LINE. MALIK TURNER. FREE AGENT OUT OF ILLINOIS. AND A GUY WHO PLAYED A BIG PART LAST WEEK ON SEARCH TEAMS IN THE WIN ON MONDAY NIGHT OVER MINNESOTA. >> Cris: YOU HAVE TO KEEP AN EYE ON THE LINEBACKERS COMING ACROSS THE FIELD. YOU KNOW HOW EFFECTIVE THE RUNNING GAME IS. ANY TIME YOU SEE THAT LINEBACKER Spanish: MATTHEWS Y DE MUCHA JUVENTUD TAMBIÉN . >>> ENTREGA LA PELOTA POR EL CENTRO Y LLEGA EL PRIMER DAOWN MIREN EL HUECO QUE HACE LA LÍNEA COMPLETAMENTE AHÍ ESTÁ EL PEDAZO POR EL CENTRO POR DONDE VA LA POSICIÓN DEL GUARDIA Y EL CENTRO Y AQUÍ ESTÁ EL GRAN JERIC PCHRIN AHORA SE COLOCA AL IZQUIERDA LO IBA A HACER ADEMÁS SE COLOCA A LA DERECHA . >>> WILSON TIENE LA PELOTA VA A PASAR TIENE PRESIÓN PASE CAPTURA Y TIENE EL PRIMER DOWN EN LA HIERBA 50 PASE NÚMERO 11 QUE ATRAVIESA ESTA TEMPORADA. >>> ESTE EQUIPO DE SEATTLE HA IDO MADURANDO LUEGO GANARON Y MIREN COMO ESTÁN CORRIENDO LA English: MOVING OUT OF THERE AND OF COURSE THE GAME PLAN AS ALWAYS YOU HAVE TO DOUBLE TEAM AARON DONALD. GET HIM LOCKED UP. THERE YOU GO. >> Al: PENNY COMES IN. AT RUNNING BACK. HE WAS A NUMBER ONE PICK LAST YEAR OUT OF SAN DIEGO STATE. TAKES THE FLIP HERE AND WILL PICK UP A FIRST DOWN AND A FEW MORE YARDS. INSIDE THE 40 YARD LINE. RAPP MAKES THE TACKLE. PENNY IS SHAKEN UP ON THE PLAY. 16-YARD GAIN AND AN INJURY STOPPAGE HERE. >> Cris: YOU HAVE A GREAT PASS RUSH TEAM AND WHAT DO YOU DO? SLOW THEM DOWN. JUST LOOKING TO SLOW THEM DOWN AND THIS IS A BIG INJURY HERE. PENNY HAS BEEN RED HOT AND HIS SPEED ON THE OUTSIDE IS REALLY ADDED AN ELEMENT ON THE OUTSIDE FOR THE SEAHAWKS DEFENSE. THERE'S SCHOTTENHEIMER RIGHT THERE. >> Al: OFFENSIVE COORDINATOR IN THE SECOND YEAR. BRIAN WAS THE OFFENSIVE Spanish: OFENSIVA . >>> MUY VARIADA MUY COMPLETA O R OTRA VEZ CONTRA EL DEFENSA DEL AÑO EL SEÑOR JTYLERPDONALD PASA YARDA 44 ESTÁ LASTIMADO Y ES LA RODILLA . >>> Y CUANDO SEGÚN LOS RELACIÓN A LA RODILLA JALEN RAPRASHAAD PY AQUÍ VIENE EL GOLPE . >>> EL GOLPE NO FUE LA RODILLA FUE CUANDO EL CAYO EL TERRENO DE Spanish: FUEGO . >>> ESPEREMOS QUE NO SEA NADA SERIO . >>> HUEL ERA COACH AAMENAZAN A PRIMERA SER OFENSIVA DEL PARTIDO . >>> EL MOVIMIENTO SE LA PEGA POR EL CENTRO DESBLOQUEO Y TIENE UNA BASE UNAS 34 YARDAS EN ESTA JUGADA . >>> ESTÁN ATENDIENDO A PRASHAAD PENNY ES UN GRAN JUGADOR . >>> QUE SABE PENETRAR JAUSTIN BLYTHE PPUEDE INTERRUMPIR EL AVANCE DE CUALQUIER CORREDOR . English: COORDINATOR FOR THE RAMS WHEN THEY WERE WRAPPING UP THE STAY IN ST. LOUIS AND WADE PHILLIPS, THE RAMS DEFENSIVE COORDINATOR. AS I SAY, HIS GROUP HAS EITHER BEEN FANTASTIC OR SOMETHING CONSIDERABLY LESS. >> Cris: 13 POINTS OR FEWER IN 6 GAMES AND A COUPLE OF GAMES OVER 45. SO HARD TO EXPLAIN. >> Al: CARSON IS BACK IN. TAKEN DOWN FROM BEHIND BY DONTE FOWLER. CAME OVER IN A TRADE WITH JACKSONVILLE. WORKS ON PENNY. SECOND DOWN AND LONG. >> Cris: AN ATHLETE TO JUMP INSIDE OF YOU HERE WHEN YOU'RE NOT EXPECTING IT AND HIS ABILITY AND SPEED ACROSS THE FORMATION SO OFTEN JUST WINS THE DAY. ANY TIME YOU'RE PLAYING SEATTLE, UNTIL YOU STOP FIRST CARSON FROM RUNNING UP THE MIDDLE THEY DON'T REALLY GO TO PLAN "B." THAT IS WHO THEY PREFER TO PLAN Spanish: >>> NO PRECIPITARSE . >>> EN LA PRIMERA SELECCIÓN DEL 2015 PASE CAPTURA POR EL PRIMER DOWN EL NOVATO P F QUE BUENA OFENSIVA ESTÁ HACIENDO LOS CISEATTLE. PERFECTO HASTA E MOMENTO A 48 YARDAS ESTÁN C CAMBIANDO LA JUGADA EN LA LÍNEA DE IMPACTO . >>> EL ÚNICO CORREDOR ESTÁ P3 } PCHRIS CARSON FUE DESVIADO FALLA SU PRIMER PASE DEL PARTIDO . English: AND BE ALL NIGHT. >> Al: WILSON THROWS AND CAUGHT BY DK METCALF FOR A FIRST DOWN. METCALF A ROOKIE OUT OF MISSISSIPPI DRAFTED IN THE SECOND ROUND. HE IS 6'4", 230 POUNDS AND FAST. >> Cris: THE THING THAT IMPRESSES ME ABOUT WILSON SO MUCH, AL, THIS PRESSURE IN HIS FACE IMMEDIATELY. MATTHEWS WAS THERE AND IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE THE RECEIVERS ARE YOU DON'T MAKE THAT COMPLETION. >> Al: SEAHAWKS ALREADY FOUR FIRST DOWNS ON THE OPENING DRIVE. TWO RUNS AND FIVE PASSES SO FAR. PASS NUMBER SIX IS INCOMPLETE. CARSON OUT OF THE FLAT TO MAKE IT SECOND DOWN AND TEN AT THE 22. >> Cris: WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT THIS. THIS ISN'T A GREAT PASS PROTECTING TEAM BUT THE PLAY ACTION GETS THE DEFENSIVE LINE MOVING SIDEWAYS AND BUYS TIME FOR RUSSELL WILSON TO GET BACK EIGHT, NINE, TEN YARDS DEEP AND THEN IF A GUY ESCAPES HE MAKES Spanish: >>> Y ES UNA GUAPA HERENCIA LA QUE HABÍA HECHO ESTA NOCHE. >>> POR EL LADO IZQUIERDO . >>> SERÁ HORA SEGUNDO ROUND Y 10 EL ÚNICO CORE BAG EN SU PRIMERA TEMPORADA EN LA G LIGA . >>> Y LA LLEVA EN LA YARDA 15 . >>> OBSERVAN QUE HACE TIEMPO NO HABÍA CORRIDO CON EL BALÓN AVIACIÓN PASO CORTO CON EL LATERAL EN PANTALLA . >>> YA QUE UNA VEZ MÁS EN LA LÍNEA OFENSIVA PJARON BROWN SE PEGÓ FUERTE. English: THEM MISS. THAT'S THE FORMULA ALL SEASON LONG. >> Al: OFFENSIVE LINE A PROBLEM YEARS AGO IS BIGGER. VETERANS UP FRONT. IUPATI. SECOND DOWN AND TEN. THROUGH THE MIDDLE. CHRIS CARSON TO SET UP A THIRD AND THREE. STOPPED THERE BY ERIC WEDDLE. >> Cris: SORT OF A CLASSIC TRAP PLAY HERE. HUNT TO BLOCK BACK AND PULL ACROSS THIS WAY WITH MIKE IUPATI AND KICK OUT. POWER FOOTBALL. AGAIN, TAKING ADVANTAGE OF WHAT THE RAMS LIKE TO DO WHICH IS GET UP THE FIELD. I TELL YOU, THAT CHRIS CARSON GETS TO BE A LOAD AS THE GAME GOES ALONG. >> Al: HE DOES. HEAD COACH CARROLL FACING THE SIDELINE. TREMENDOUS SUCCESS HERE OBVIOUSLY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY WITH USC. THIRD DOWN AND THREE. WILSON. IS GOING TO GET SACKED BACK AT English: THE 22 YARD LINE. LOOKED TO THE RIGHT. COULDN'T GET IT AWAY AND THE RAMS THROUGH THE MIDDLE. IT'S FOURTH DOWN. >> Cris: YOU HAVE TO DO SOMETHING TO SURPRISE RUSSELL WILSON. IF HE SEES YOU COMING, HE WILL GET AWAY. THIS TIME HE LOOKED TO THE RIGHT AND BY THE TIME HE LOOKED BACK HE HAD PRESSURE IN HIS FACE BY -- >> Al: TRYING TO PUT SEATTLE IN THE LEAD EARLY IN THE GAME AND IT IS RIGHT DOWN THE MIDDLE. 8:34 TO GO IN THE OPENING QUARTER. GOOD OPENING DRIVE AND THE HAWKS LEAD, 3-0. Spanish: >>> CASCO CONTRA CASCO TERCER ROUND Y TRES . >>> FORMACIÓN JCORY LITTLETON VA POR EL CENTRO Y NO PUDO HACERLO. >>> TRATÓ DE SORPRENDER HIZO LA PINTA ERA QUEDARSE CON EL BALÓN Y CORRER A LANZAR EL PRIMER 10 . >>> OBSERVEN EL TITUBEA Y CUANDO DECIDE ENTRAR POR EL CENTRO YA EL HUECO SE HABÍA TAPADO TOTALMENTE >>> OBSERVEN EL NIGERIANO POR EL EQUIPO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS 39 YARDAS . >>> Y ES BUENO. Spanish: >>> SE VAN ARRÍBALOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS TRES A CERO . English: >> Al: SO LOOK AT THE SANTA MONICA PIER. ON THIS DECEMBER SUNDAY NIGHT. BACK TO THE COLISEUM WE COME. THIS WILL BE THE RAMS NEXT TO LAST GAME HERE. NEXT YEAR MOVING TO THE NEXT DIGS IN ENGLEWOOD. ALONG WITH THE CHARGERS. MYERS TO KICK OFF. RAMS BEGIN THEIR FIRST DRIVE UP AT THE 25 YARD LINE WITH THIS OFFENSE. . Spanish: >>> (MUSICA) EN SANTA MÓNICA LA PLAYA QUE LINDO >>> AHÍ VEMOS A PJOSH MYERS COMN Spanish: DESDE LA LYARDA 25 . >>> AQUÍ ESTÁ LA ALINEACIÓN . >>> HABLEN EN INGLÉS . >>> AQUÍ ESTA EL TÉCNICO DECÍAMOS QUE EL NOVATO ABRIENDO LA POSICIÓN PORQUE EL TITULAR ESTÁ LESIONADO CENTRO Y JTODD GURLEY II AVANZA UNA FELIZ VERDAD. >>> LA QUINTA SEMANA CONTRAER EL SEATTLE SEAHAWKS CUATRO PASES . >>>J UN SOLO PASE Y UNA IN INTERPRETACIÓN PERO NO FUE DERRIBADO NI UNA SOLA VEZ POR English: SEAN McVAY, THE YOUNGEST COACH IN THE LEAGUE, MATCHES WITS WITH PETE CARROLL THE OLDEST COACH IN THE LEAGUE. TODD GURLEY IS THE RUNNING BACK STARTING FROM THE 25 YARD LINE. GOING BACK AND FORTH. GURLEY WITH A NICE RUN. TO OPEN THINGS UP. GAIN OF SEVEN. SHAQUILL GRIFFIN. 83 RATING IN WEEK 5. A GAME DECIDED AT THE END ON A MISSED FIELD GOAL. OTHERWISE THE WHOLE STANDING SITUATION IN THE WEST WOULD HAVE BEEN FLIPPED AROUND. >> Cris: BASICALLY THE RAMS WOULD HAVE BEEN PLAYING FOR SECOND PLACE TONIGHT IN THE DIVISION. >> Al: SECOND AND FOUR. NOWHERE TO RUN. LOOK AT THE SEATTLE DEFENSE. . Spanish: LA AGRESIVA DEFENSIVA . >>> Y POR CIERTO UNA DEFENSIVA MUY BUENA VEA . QUE PASE EL PAZ ESTUVO PERFECTO DE PARTE DE JROBERT WOODS LE PONE EL BALÓN EN EL HOMBRO DERECHO POR ESE LADO. English: 2 >>> LA ALINEACIÓN DEFENSIVA DE >> Cris: WHEN THEY BRING ALL THREE RECEIVERS FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER, LOOK AT THE TRAFFIC THAT TRE FLOWERS HAS TO GO THROUGH. IT IS LIKE A WALL COMING ACROSS THE FIELD. >> Al: SPOT THE BALL RIGHT AT English: MIDFIELD. WITHOUT A HUDDLE. THEY RESET. TO GURLEY. ROLLING THE OTHER WAY. THROWS AND WILL BE CAUGHT FOR A GAIN OF 16 BY ROBERT WOODS. TRE FLOWERS MAKES THE TACKLE. WHAT A DIFFERENCE WOODS MAKES WHEN HE IS IN THE LINEUP. >> Cris: WHAT A CONFIDENT THROW THIS WAS. IT WAS RIGHT PAST THE EAR REALLY OF BOBBY WAGNER WHO WAS IN PRETTY GOOD POSITION BUT YOU COULD TELL THAT JARED GOFF COMING OFF OF THAT GAME LAST WEEK DEFINITELY HAS A LITTLE UP TICK IN CONFIDENCE RIGHT NOW BECAUSE THAT WAS ONE THAT IF YOU'RE NOT FEELING GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF YOU DON'T THROW THAT ONE. >> Al: THAT GAME AGAINST ARIZONA, DISASTER AGAINST BALTIMORE. SIX NIGHTS BEFORE THAT. A GAIN OF ONE. THE RAMS HAVING TROUBLE HERE AT HOME. LOST 3 OF THE LAST 4 HERE AT THE Spanish: >>> LA COLOCA EN LA YARDA 50 EN TERRITORIO DE NADIE PRIMER DA UN Y 10 . >>> CANTANDO LA JUGADA EN LA LÍNEA DE IMPACTO PRIMER DA UN Y 10 TIENE LA PELOTA ACCIÓN SE DESPLAZA POR LA IZQUIERDA Y CAPTURA LA YARDA 33 PRIMER DA WN CAPTURÓ CINCO PARA 98 YARDAS . >>> ESTÁN RECLAMANDO QUE LE PEGARON CON EL CASCO EL CASCO . >>> JROBERT WOODS ESTÁN PIDIENDO UN RECLAMO DE AGRESIVIDAD EXPRESIVA . >>> PRIMER DA UN DDOWN Y 10 . LA ENTREGA POR LA IZQUIERDA CORTO AVANCE. >>> ACASO DOS EN SU PRIMER JUEGO Spanish: CONTRA FISEATTLE SEAHAWKS JTODD GURLEY II . >>> QUEMÓ UN TRATAMIENTO >>> DE UN LADO Y NADIE LO TOCÓ . >>> ES QUE NADIE LO QUE LE TOCA. >>> EN ESTE MOMENTO ESTE HOMBRE SEGUNDO JARED GOFF AAHÍ ENTRÓ EL NOVATO DE YUUTAH ESTE NÚMERO 57 PCODY BARTON LA PRIMERA ESTA DE RECONOCER Y NADIE BLOQUEO . >>> TERCER DA UN UTAH LA CON CHECHOWN YY NUEVE . English: COLISEUM. >> Cris: THIS IS THE GUY TO WATCH OUT FOR TONIGHT, JADEVEON CLOWNEY. FREAKISH IN THE RUN GAME. >> Al: THAT IS KICKED AND INCOMPLETE AND COMING IN THERE WAS CODY BARTON. THE ROOKIE GETTING THE START TONIGHT. ROOKIE THIRD ROUND DRAFT CHOICE. PLAYED COLLEGE BALL AT UTAH. >> Cris: PETE CARROLL SAYING THAT HE FEELS THAT BARTON IS THE BEST COVERAGE LINEBACKER THAT THEY HAVE. SEPTEMBER HIM ON THE BLITZ HERE. TALKING ABOUT BOBBY WAGNER ON THAT DEFENSE, AS WELL. >> Al: 5:30 LEFT IN THE QUARTER. MALCOM BROWN IS NOW IN THE GAME. THE RUNNING BACK. >> Cris: TAKE A SACK IF IT KNOCKS YOU OUT OF FIELD GOAL RANGE. THINK ABOUT GETTING IT OUT QUICKLY. >> Al: PLAY CLOCK DOWN TO THE END. A FAKE AND A PASS WIDE OPEN. English: MAKING THE CATCH INSIDE THE 10 YARD LINE IS TYLER HIGBEE! TO SET UP A FIRST AND GOAL. HE HAD A TREMENDOUS GAME LAST WEEK IN ARIZONA. 33 YARDS. >> Cris: THIS IS A GREAT JOB HERE BY THE RAMS. YOU WILL HAVE THEIR RUNNING BACK MALCOM BROWN JUMP FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER TO PICK UP THAT BLITZ. >> Al: NO HUDDLE. IT'S A TOUCHDOWN FOR MALCOM BROWN. RIGHT UP TO THE LINE. THE HAWKS RUNNING IN AND OUT ON DEFENSE AND BROWN TAKES IT IN TO CAP A 75-YARD DRIVE. >> Cris: WHY DO YOU HUSTLE TO THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE? NOBODY OVER HERE TO TRY TO SLOW DOWN THE PLAY. THEY'RE UPSET TO GIVE UP A BIG PLAY. ALL OF THE ABOVE. SEEN THE PATRIOTS DO THAT FOR YEARS. AND THIS IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT LOOKING RAMS OFFENSE THAN WHAT YOU AND I HAVE SEEN THE LAST FEW TIMES. >> Al: WE WERE HERE THREE WEEKS Spanish: >>> CALENTANDO LA JUGADA EN LA LÍNEA DE IMPACTOS EN LA CABEZA . >>> VIENE LA PELOTA AL ARCO POR LA DERECHA ESTÁ SOLO LA CAPTURA Y LA LLEVA HASTA LA YARDA DOS APROXIMADAMENTE ENTRE LA UNO Y LA DOS JTYLER HIGBEE CON LA . >>> Y DONDE EL BALÓN MIREN ESO P PP PSHAQUILL GRIFFIN J SSE VAN ARRIBA LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS . >>> SALIERON A PELEAR . >>> NO SE SINTIERON INTIMIDADOS PORQUE EL EQUIPO QUE LO HABÍA DERROTADO. English: AGO FOR THE CHICAGO GAME. BOGGED DOWN. LAST WEEK. GOOD START FOR THEM TONIGHT AS ZUERLEIN BACK ON FOR THE EXTRA POINT. PASS TO HIGBEE SETS THEM UP. BROWN TAKES IT IN. RAMS LEAD. Spanish: >>> HACE DOS MESES ATRÁS. >>> AHÍ VEMOS A JMALCOLM BROWN Y LISTO PARA EL PUNTO . >>>GREG ZUERLEIN LE VA A PEGAR . >>> EL PUNTO ESTO ES BUENO Y AHORA ESTÁN GANANDO LOS RLOS English: >> Al: "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" BEING BROUGHT TO YOU BY -- CLEATS THE PLAYERS ARE WEARING TONIGHT. RUSSELL WILSON. DUANE BROWN. AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. SINGLE MOM. CALIFORNIA STRONG. LITTLETON MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Spanish: ANGELES RAMS SIETE A TRES EN E T ESTE PRIMER PUNTO. >>> English: FOUNDATION. GOOD IDEA. WE CHECK IN WITH MICHELE. >> Michele: PENNY THE RUNNING BACK, HE IS CONVERTING A FIRST DOWN TO MIDFIELD ON THIS PLAY. HIS LEFT KNEE KIND OF FOLDS IP ON HIM HE CAME TO THE SIDELINE. HAD IT LOOKED AT. CHRIS CARSON JOINED HIM IN THE BLUE TENT. HE IS OUT WITH A LEFT KNEE INJURY. FOR THAT PUNCH OF CARSON AND PENNY TAKING A HIT. >> Al: WHAT IS INTERESTING IS ACTIVATED PROSISE WHO NORM SLI A THIRD RUNNING BACK, INACTIVE FOR ALMOST TWO MINUTES BUT THEY ACTIVATED HIM TONIGHT SO THEY HAVE A BACKUP THERE. AS THIS DRIVE STARTS FROM THE 25 YARD LINE. CARSON. OUT TO THE 30 YARD LINE. CHRIS CARSON WAS A SEVENTH ROUND DRAFT CHOICE BACK IN 2017. SLOW START TO HIS CAREER. HIS ONLY PROBLEM REALLY HAS BEEN Spanish: (MUSICA) ÉSTAS SON LAS ZAPATILLAS QUE LOS JUGADORES USAN . >>> ES MUY BONITO SU GESTO MUY LINDO PORQUE VAN A INTRUSIONES D DE BENEFICENCIA . >>>JTAYLO ES LA RODILLA IZQUI Q PORQUE CUANDO EL FRENA PRASHAAD PENNY SE LO ESTÁN LLEVANDO . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ EL NÚMERO 22 PC.J. PROSISE AHÍ NOS ESPERA QUE P NENY VUELV AL PARTIDO . >>> POR LA DERECHA AHÍ ESTÁ English: FUMBLING. THIS YEAR REALLY COME ON, A GUY WHO'S A THOUSAND YARD SEASON. NEEDED 19 COMING INTO THE GAME. HE'S GOT 22 RIGHT NOW SO HE'S UP INTO FOUR FIGURES. >> Cris: HE IS A BAD MAN, TOO. MABEL NOT MARSHAWN LYNCH BUT THAT CATEGORY. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND FIVE. CARSON THROUGH THE MIDDLE. TAKEN DOWN BY A GAIN OF THREE BY MATTHEWS. SO RUSSELL WILSON, YOU KNOW, YOU LOOK AT HIS CAREER, THE BODY OF IT. EIGHT YEARS, NO OFFSEASON. 17% OF THE PASSES HE THROWS MORE THAN 20 YARDS DOWN FIELD. MORE THAN FOUR SECONDS HE IS PHENOMENAL. A QUARTER OF THE PASSES THROWN ON THE RUN. ALL THE MARKS ARE THE TOPS IN THE NFL. >> Cris: HE IS THE TOP PASSER UNDER PRESSURE AND I THINK IF YOU WANT TO SAY WHAT HAS MADE HIM ONE OF THE TOP MVP Spanish: CERCA DE LA YARDA 30 Y POR SEGUNDA VEZ EN SU CARRERA ALCANZA LA MARCA DE 100 YARDAS CORRIDAS PCHRIS CARSON PODRÍA SUBIR A 1800 YARDAS . >>> ESTA NOCHE CITABA 19 YA TIENE 22 EL AÑO PASADO CORRIÓ PARA 1151 YARDAS PODRÍA SER MEJOR MARCA . >>> AHORA SE COLOCA A LA DERECHA DE WILSON SE LA ENTREGAN A CARSN POR ENCIMA . >>> SI LAS COMPARAS CON RUSSEL W WILSON ESTE HOMBRE ES EL MEJOR English: CANDIDATES IN MY MIND? THAT'S IT. >> Al: HE AND LAMAR JACKSON SEEM TO HAVE A STRANGLEHOLD ON THAT RIGHT NOW. THIRD DOWN AND A DEUCE. TRYING TO FIGHT TO THE FIRST DOWN IS CARSON. RAPP COMES UP FROM THE SECONDARY TO STOP HIM AND THEY'RE GOING TO MARK IT A LITTLE SHORT OF THE FIRST DOWN. PETE CARROLL SENDS IN THE PUNT CREW. >> Cris: NOW RAPP SHOWING WHAT HE CAN DO IN THE RUN GAME. WATCH HIM COME SHOOT UP HERE AND MAKE THE PLAY. HE JUST FIRES. THAT'S THE ONE GUY YOU REALLY CAN'T ACCOUNT FOR ON THE BACK END AND USUALLY SAFETIES CAN'T MAKE THAT STOP. HE DID. >> Al: MICHAEL VICKS, A NEW RUN BACK. WEBSTER OUT OF EASTERN WASHINGTON. AND HE MAKES A FAIR CATCH AT THE 14 YARD LINE. RAMS TAKE OVER THERE. LESS THAN THREE MINUTES LEFT IN THE QUARTER. LOOK AT THE SANTA MONICA PIER ON THIS SUNDAY NIGHT. Spanish: MARISCAL DE CAMPO BAJO PRESIÓN QUE SABE EJECUTAR EL PASE . >>> Y QUE TIENE ESTA OTRA D DIMENSIÓN QUE PUEDE CORRER CON LA PELOTA TAMBIÉN PODRÁ >>> ANTES CORRÍA MUCHO . >>> PRESETERCER DOWN . >>> NO CREO QUE SE LA JUEGUEN ESTÁN EL PRIMER TIEMPO TODAVÍA. >>>PCHRIS CARSON UNO DE LOS TRES TÉCNICOS COMO ÚU BIEN SABES QUE HA SIDO CAMPEÓN DE LA NFL Y CAMPEÓN COLEGIAL . >>> PODRÍAMOS DECIR QUE ESTÁ AL Spanish: IGUAL QUE JOHNSON . >>> LA PIDE A ÚLTIMA HORA Y English: TALKED ABOUT ANSAH, AS WELL. TWO STARTERS ARE DOWN TONIGHT INACTIVE. THERE'S ANSAH. OF COURSE, ALREADY LOST THE RUNNING BACK RASHAD PENNY. FROM THE 15 YARD LINE. THIS DRIVE WILL BEGIN. TODD GURLEY. FOR HARD YARD. TALKING TO JARED GOFF THE OTHER DAY. GOFF WAS NUMBER ONE OVERALL PICK IN THE '16 DRAFT. THE RAMS TRADED UP. FROM 15 TO 1 WITH TENNESSEE. Spanish: DEBE Y COMIENZAN LOS RLOS ANGELS RAMS SUP PRÓXIMA OFENSIVA . >>> (MUSICA) EL EQUIPO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS QUE ESTÁN GANANDO >>> AHORA POR IZQUIERDA AVANZA UNA SOLA YARDA EN ESTA JUGADA ANTERIORMENTE HABÍA AVANZADO SIETE EN TRES CORRIDAS . >>> TÚ MENCIONASTE A ESTE JOVEN Spanish: DE GANA. >>> JTODD GURLEY II YO TENGO EL EQUIPO EN LAJA SCHOOL ESTE DE GANA Y YA MIDE O 68 Y ESTÁN 10º GRADO . >>> ESTÁ FUERA DE JUEGO. >>> AHÍ VIERON AL ÁRBITRO SHON English: >> Cris: I FOUND IT INTERESTING. HE WAS TALKING ABOUT BOBBY WAGNER AND HOW MUCH HE ENJOYS PLAYING HIM. HE SAID HE PLAYS LIKE A SAFETY, PLAYING SO MUCH ZONE DEFENSE IN THE MIDDLE THAT I HAVE TO WORK HIM WITH MY EYES TO TRY TO MOVE HIM AND HE KNOWS WHAT I'M DOING SO A LOT OF BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THEM. >> Al: WHO MOVED FIRST? >> Referee: NEUTRAL ZONE INFRACTION, DEFENSE 98, FIVE-YARD PENALTY, SECOND DOWN. >> Al: GREEN. >> Cris: I WENT BACK AND WATCHED THE TAPE OF THE FIRST GAME BETWEEN THESE TWO AND THEY'RE SO MUCH DIFFERENT. WHITWORTH THE LEFT TACK SL THE SAME AND EVERYBODY ELSE ON THE OFFENSIVE LINE IS DIFFERENT. GERALD EVERETT WITH A SENSATIONAL GAME IS NOT PLAYING IN THIS. HIGBEE PLAYED GREAT LAST WEEK, ESPECIALLY BLOCKING FOR THIS TEAM SO VERY DIFFERENT TEAM. >> Al: SECOND AND FOUR. English: FIRST DOWN. STEPPED UP, FIRES, CAUGHT AT THE 35 YARD LINE. GOT IT INTO ROBERT WOODS. A BIG QUARTER ALREADY. AS WOODS MAKES HIS THIRD CATCH. 48 YARDS FOR HIM. >> Cris: WATCH WHAT MAKES THIS SO SIGNIFICANT. WHEN THEY GO PLAY ACTION, LOOK AT ALL THEY'RE DOING IS BUYING AN EXTRA STEP OUT OF THAT DEFENSIVE LINE THAT HAS TO MOVE LATERALLY. INSTEAD OF COMING UP AFTER JARED GOFF, THEY'RE ATTUNED TO THEIR LEFT IN THAT CASE AND THEN COMING BACK TO BUY EXTRA TIME. >> Al: RIGHT UP TO THE LINE. STOPS, SURVEYS AND THROWS AND WOODS AGAIN. LAST WEEK WOODS WHO PLAYED HIS COLLEGE FOOTBALL HERE AND STARTED THE CAREER IN BUFFALO CAME TO THE RAMS IN '17. HE MISSED THE GAME FOR PERSONAL REASONS AGAINST CHICAGO. LAST WEEK AGAINST ARIZONA, I SAID BEFORE, 19 TARGETS, 13 CATCHES AND TONIGHT 4 CATCHES FOR 50 YARDS. >> Cris: ONE THING SEATTLE IS DOING IS NOT PLAYING A NICKEL AGAINST THIS THREE-WIDE RECEIVER Spanish: DE HIJO DEL SEÑOR EDD LOS JUEGOS ENTREGARA LA CASA . >>> VA HACIA ATRÁS SEGURO Y LA TRABA EN LA YARDA AHÍ CERCA DE LA YARDA 35 Y CUANDO FUIMOS A CASA DE MOMENTO LA ESPOSA DEL SEÑOR ÁRBITRO VIENE DONDE ESTÁBAMOS CON LAS CÁMARAS Y NO DICE QUIEREN UN POQUITO DE CAFÉ Y NOSOTROS USTÉ HABLA ESPAÑOL SI YO SOY DOMINICANA . >>> DE MARAVILLA . >>> Y HAYA NARIZONA . >>> PRIMERO Y 10 PASE POR LA DERECHA OTRO PASE DE WOODS YA SON CUATRO . >>> JROBERT WOODS English: SET. THEY'RE PLAYING THREE LINEBACKERS AND ATTACK ON THE OUTSIDE AGAINST THE SAFETIES. >> Al: FINAL MINUTE OF THE QUARTER. THEY HAND IT TO JOSH REYNOLDS COMING AROUND FROM THE RIGHT SIDE AND HE'LL PICK UP A FIRST DOWN. SO SEAN McVAY'S PLAYBOOK LOOKING LIKE IT DID LAST YEAR. >> Cris: THIS IS THE FORMULA IN THE SUPER BOWL AGAINST THIS TEAM. YOU GOT THREE DEFENSIVE LINE MEN OVER HERE. THREE OVER HERE AND A MIDDLE LINEBACKER IN BOBBY WAGNER. SINCE THEN, THE RAMS GOTTEN A LOT BETTER AT PLAYING AGAINST THE DEFENSE. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE LAST TEAM TO PLAY A LOT OF IT AGAINST THEM WAS THE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS. SO THEY THINK THEY HAVE THE ANSWER. I THINK PETE CARROLL'S SAYING I WANT YOU TO PROVE IT. >> Al: TURNED THE CORNER LAST WEEK IN THE OFFENSE. FIRST DOWN HERE. STOPS, ROLLING. THIS TIME THROWS AND THAT'S Spanish: Y PODRÍAMOS VER UN DUELO ENTRE MARISCAL DE CAMPO . >>> ACERCÁNDOSE A LAS 1000 YARDAS EL SEGUNDO EN EL EQUIPO DETRÁS DE SU COMPAÑERO EL AÑO PASADO CAPTURÓ 36 PASOS PARA MÁS DE 1000 YARDAS . >>> SE LA ENTREGA Y JUGADA POR LA IZQUIERDA ACELERA VIENE EL PRIMER SOWN LO EMPUJAN FUERA DEL TERRENO DE JUEGO. >>> Y ESA ES LA VENCIDA QUE ESTAMOS ACOSTUMBRADOS A VER UNA OFENSIVA CLARA Y RÁPIDA . >>> TIENEN A TRES PREVENTIVOS EN LA LÍNEA Y PRESTEN EL OTRO LADO SON SEIS Y SE HAN QUEDADO EN EL MEDIO VEGETANDO Y DESCUIDAN UN POCO ESTE TIPO DE JUGADA OJO POR English: HIGBEE MAKING HIS SECOND GRAB. SO GOFF IN THE QUARTER 6 OUT OF 7 FOR 104 YARDS ALREADY. THAT SHOULD TAKE US TO THE HORN FOR THE FIRST QUARTER. IT WILL. AND THAT'S THE END OF THE FIRST QUARTER WITH THE SCORE THE RAMS 7, SEAHAWKS 3. "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" BACK AFTER THESE MESSAGES. Spanish: UN PASE AQUÍ DE JTODD GURLEY II HA CORRIDO CUATRO VECES POR LA DERECHA PERFECTO LA TRABA PARA EL PRIMER DAOWN . >>>JTYLER HIGBEE Y DE PASO TE EL CAMARÓGRAFO . >>> FINALIZÓ EL PRIMERO. English: >> Al: LOOKING DOWN UPON UNIVERSAL STUDIO. THE AERIAL COVERAGE BROUGHT TO YOU BY GEICO. 60 DEGREES IN L.A. AL MICHAELS, CRIS COLLINSWORTH, MICHELE TAFOYA. Spanish: >>> JROBERT WOODS HA CAPTURADO CUATRO . >>> (MUSICA) MIRE QUE DECORACIÓN NAVIDEÑA TAN BONITA . >>> INCREÍBLE ESTÁ PRECIOSA . English: 7-3, RAMS. FIRST AND TEN TO START FROM THE 30 YARD LINE. GURLEY. EIGHT-YARD GAIN. WITH GURLEY HE IS SO GREAT BUT OBVIOUSLY THE KNEE'S BEEN BOTHERING HIM. POSSIBLY ARTHRITIS. WHEN HE NEEDS A BREAK HE TAKES HIMSELF OUT OF THE GAME. >> Cris: YEAH. IN FAIRNESS, HE WAS SO GOOD FOR THE TWO YEARS PRIOR TO THIS YEAR THAT YOU HELD HIM TO A CERTAIN STANDARD OF EXPLOSIVE PLAYS AND HE IS GOOD BUT WE HAVE NOT SEEN THOSE PLAYS OF TWO YEARS PRIOR. >> Al: McVAY WANTS HIM IN THERE AS MUCH AS HE CAN BE. GURLEY AGAIN. SO FAR SO GOOD TONIGHT BEHIND AUSTIN BLYTHE. Spanish: >>> Y MUCHOS COMPAÑEROS DE TELEMUNDO QUE HACEN SUS ARREGLOS ASÍ . >>> UN SALUDO ANDRÉS CANTO . >>> QUE MOMENTO. >>> EL ÚNICO CORREDOR CUANDO COMIENZA EL SEGUNDO TIEMPO . >>> Y AVANZA UNA SIETE YARDAS ES EL JUGADOR QUE MÁS TOUCH DOWN . >>> ES SUPER CORTÉS DENTRO Y Spanish: FUERA DEL TERRENO DE FUEGO JALEN RAMSEY PRIMER DAOWN PARALE LLOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS . >>> FÍJATE CÓMO SE VA POR ESE HUECO . >>> ES LA CLAVE . >>> A ÚLTIMA HORA JTODD GURLEY I HA COMPLETADO SEIS DE SIETE P R PADRES PARA 54 DE OTRA VEZ POR EL CENTRO AVANZA UN PAR DE YARDAS APROXIMADAMENTE PODEMOS VER CON EL CORRE EL BAJA LA CABEZA Y PROTEGE EL BALÓN . >>> 33 AÑOS DE EDAD. English: >> Cris: BIGGEST DIFFERENCE I THINK IN THIS TEAM IS SINCE THEY HAVE CHANGED OVER HERE, TWO ROOKIES EDWARDS AND EVANS, THEY HAVE BECOME MUCH MORE OF AN INSIDE ZONE RUNNING TEAM. WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM AT THE END OF LAST YEAR IS THEY TRIED TO RUN ALL THE PLAY ACTION OFF THE OUTSIDE ZONES BUT THEY WEREN'T RUNNING AS WELL AND ENDED UP ALMOST CONFUSING THE OFFENSE. THEY ARE MUCH MORE MOBILE NOW. >> Al: GURLEY'S NUMBER AGAIN AND ONE TIME GEORGIA STAR TACKLED BY BRANDON JACKSON AFTER A SHORT GAIN. SO McVAY 33, WILL BE 34 IN JANUARY. PETE CARROLL IS 68. SO OUR CRACK STAFF FIGURED OUT THAT McVAY WILL BE EXACTLY HALF AS OLD AS CARROLL NEXT JUNE 4th. WE COVER THE EARTH OR WHAT? >> Cris: LUNAR ECLIPSE OR SOMETHING. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND EIGHT. Spanish: >>> EL COACH DE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS . >>> CAPTURA VUELTA COMO POR PARTE DE JTYLER HIGBEE SSE QUEDÓ CORTO . >>> LO VIO Y ROMPIÓ EL PRIMER TACO JCOOPER KUPP CAPTURA SU PRIMER PASE DE LA NOCHE DE UN JUEGO DE CON 73 EN ESTA TEMPORADA . >>> ES UN TIPO DE JUGADA ESPECIALES MUY ESCURRIDIZO INTELIGENTE E IMPROVISA MUY BIEN LO QUE PASA EN QUE ESTE TIPO DE ESCENARIO IMPROVISA . English: BOUNCE PASS AND CAUGHT BY HIGBEE. McDOUGALD MAKES THE TACKLE. >> Cris: THEY'RE GOING SO FAST THAT SEATTLE IS NOT GETTING THE HAND ON THE GROUND. >> Al: THIS IS CAUGHT BY COOPER KUPP. PICKS UP THE FIRST DOWN. A CHANT OF KUPP, KUPP. >> Cris: THE RAMS LEAD THE LEAGUE IN BIG PLAYS. GUESS WHO'S NUMBER ONE IN THAT CATEGORY ON THE TEAM? COOPER KUPP WITH 17. NEXT CLOSEST IS WOODS WITH NINE. HE IS THE KICK OF THIRD DOWN AND THE KING OF THE BIG PLAYS. NOT A WHOLE LOT LAST WEEK BUT THEY WANT TO GET HIM INVOLVED AGAIN. >> Al: GAME NOT 18 MINUTES OLD AND THE RAMS HAVE 10 FIRST DOWNS. NOW YOU HAVE ACTION AGAIN. MIGHT HAVE BEEN CLOWNEY COMING ACROSS. AL WOODS IS THERE, AS WELL. English: HOCHULI WILL TELL US WHO. WHO. >> Referee: NEUTRAL ZONE INFRACTION, DEFENSE NUMBER 90. FIVE-YARD PENALTY, FIRST DOWN. >> Al: JADEVEON CLOWNEY. HE WAS A NUMBER ONE OVERALL PICK IN HIS DRAFT. >> Cris: IF THEY HAVE AN ACHILLES HEEL ON THE SEATTLE TEAM IN MY OPINION IT'S THEIR PASS RUSH. THEY PRESSURE RATE 28%. WE ARE NOT USED TO SEEING THAT OUT OF THIS FOOTBALL TEAM. >> Al: FIRST AND GOAL NOW. GURLEY. GETS STOOD UP AT THE ONE YARD LINE AND THROWN BACK BY REED. DARREN REED PREVENTING THE TOUCHDOWN AT LEAST FOR THE MOMENT. SECOND DOWN AND GOAL. BALL DOWN AT ABOUT THE ONE. >> Cris: THERE'S JARRAN REED. COMES ACROSS THE FORMATION AND A Spanish: >>> OTRA VEZ PBOBBY WAGNER COMETEN LA MISMA INFRACCIÓN QUE HICIERON EL PRIMER CUARTO . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ PJADEVEON CLOWNEY PRIMER JUGADOR SELECCIONADO . >>> NO TUVO PROBLEMAS. >>> AHÍ ESTÁ POR EL CENTRO P JADEVEON CLOWNEY HASTA LA HIERBA NÚMERO UNO. Spanish: >>> AHÍ ESTÁ P BRADLEY MCDOUGALD PJARRAN REED USO . >>>SEGUNDO SEGTOUCH DOWN DE LO M RLOS ANGELES RAMS EL ESTO PASA QUE CAPTURA ESTA O NOCHE 85 YARDAS RECORRIERON EN ESTA OFENSIVA . >>> LO ESTABA MARCANDO POR ESE LADO PSHAQUILL GRIFFIN EL MEJOR ESQUINERO QUE TIENEN L ELLOS Y SE FUE HACIA DENTRO Y LUEGO CORTÓ HACIA FUERA Y SE DESPEGÓ LO SUFICIENTE PARA ANOTAR. English: GUY, HE WAS SUSPENDED IN THE FIRST SIX GAMES. HE HAD 10 1/2 SACKS A SEASON AGO. ONE AND A HALF AFTER THAT SUSPENSION. THEY NEED HIM AND CLOWNEY TO PICK IT UP. >> Al: SECOND AND GOAL. JUST INSIDE THE TWO. OFF THE FAKE AND THE PASS AND CAUGHT AND ROBERT WOODS FOR THE TOUCHDOWN. HIS FIRST TOUCHDOWN OF THE SEASON. AND ALREADY HIS FIFTH CATCH OF THE NIGHT. 18th IN THE LAST 2 GAMES. 85-YARD DRIVE. >> Cris: THEY RUN SO MANY CROSSING ROUTES THAT I THINK IT ALMOST SURPRISES PEOPLE WHEN THEY COME BACK THE OTHER WAY. HE WAS CONVINCED THAT WOODS GOING ACROSS THE FORMATION, SO MUCH SO HE WAS CROSSED OVER. EASY TOUCHDOWN. >> Al: WOODS THOUGHT 76 PASSES THIS SEASON. FIRST TIME HE'S BEEN IN THE END ZONE. English: ZUERLEIN FOR THE POINT AFTER IT. RAMS LOOKING LIKE THE GREATEST SHOW ON WHATEVER THE SURFACE IS RIGHT NOW. 14-3, LOS ANGELES. Spanish: >>> JROBERT WOODS ES EL PRIMER PASE QUE ATRAPA ESTE AÑO. >>> DE 70 PARTES Y ESTE FUE EL PRIMERO DE TOUCH DOWN . >>> Spanish: (MUSICA) (MUSICA) QUE BONITO EL ÁRBOL . >>> SIEMPRE ME HA GUSTADO COMO English: >> Al: DOUBLEHEADER WEDNESDAY NIGHT HOCKEY THIS WEEK. 7:00 EASTERN THE BRUINS ARE IN D.C. TO TAKE ON ALEX OVECHKIN AND THE CAPITALS. THE FLYERS AND THE AVALANCHE. YOU WERE THERE THE OTHER NIGHT AND SAW OVECHKIN IN PERSON. >> Cris: IT WAS FUN. >> Al: THERE'S PETE CARROLL. HIS DNA OF COURSE IS DEFENSE. English: WE KNOW WITH HIS GROUP. GIVEN UP TWO DRIVES. RAMS OFFENSE AGAINST THE SEAHAWKS LAST THREE GAMES, 460, 456 AND 477. NFL'S LONGEST CURRENT STREAK OF GAMES AGAINST A DIVISIONAL OPPONENT AND ALREADY TONIGHT AS YOU LOOK AT JARED GOFF, AND WHAT HE'S DONE OVER 300 IN EACH OF THE GAMES, AND TONIGHT THE RAMS ALREADY HAVE 151 YARDS AND GOFF THROWN FOR 116. >> Cris: ALL THREE OF THE GAMES DECIDED BY A TOTAL OF EIGHT POINTS AND BOTH GAMES WITH AN A MINIMUM OF 29 POINTS AND EXPECTING MORE FIREWORKS HERE TONIGHT. >> Al: FROM THE 25 YARD LINE. WILSON. HAS TIME. AVOIDING A TACKLE WITH CARSON AND PICKS UP FOUR OR FIVE MORE YARDS BEFORE LITTLETON FORCES HIM OUT OF BOUNDS. GAIN OF FOUR. >> Cris: YOU NEVER KNOW HOW MANY Spanish: TÉCNICO A NIVEL COLEGIAL ES UNA PERSONA QUE TIENE MUCHA CHISPA Y MOTIVA A SUS JUGADORES . >>> COMIENZAN EN LA YARDA 25 BUENO LA OFENSIVA DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS HHA SIDO IMPRESIONANTE HAN ACUMULADO 400SIDO IMPRESIONANTE ACUMULADO 468 YARDAS LO QUE ES LA CIFRA MÁS LARGA EN LA HI HISTORIA DE LA LIGA . >>> Y MIREN ESTO EN ESTOS TRES PARTIDOS HA JUGADO SOBRE 300 YARDAS Y SE CONVIERTEN EN UN CORE BAC QUE HACE MÁS DE 300 PARTIDOS EN EL 2010 . >>> Y ESTA NOCHE SOLAMENTE HA FALLADO UN PASE Y TIENE 116 YARDAS DESPACHADAS . >>> JARED GOFF . >>> VA A PASAR CON PASE POR LA IZQUIERDA AHÍ ESTÁ PCHRIS CARSON English: DIFFERENT OFFENSIVE LINE MEN SHOW UP FOR THIS TEAM. THEY HAVE A SEVENTH ONE IN THERE IN JAMARCO JONES. THEY WANT DO GET A LOT OF REAL ESTATE ACROSS THE FRONT LINE AND THEN RUSSELL WILSON SORT OF STEP BACK AND FIGURE OUT WHERE THE HOLES ARE. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND FIVE. A CHANCE AND THROWS AND THAT WILL BE DAVID MOORE. HAD A TOUCHDOWN GRAB LAST WEEK, 60 YARDS AGAINST MINNESOTA IN THE MONDAY NIGHTER. >> Cris: THE THING THAT ALWAYS HAS IMPRESSED ME ABOUT RUSSELL WILSON IS HE IS THE NUMBER ONE RANKED QUARTERBACK WHEN THROWING THE BALL QUICKLY. HE IS ALSO THE NUMBER ONE RANKED QUARTERBACK HOLDING THE BALL MORE THAN THREE SECONDS. YOU WANT TO SCRAMBLE AROUND HIM AND PLAY THAT WAY? HE IS THE BEST. GET IT OUT QUICKLY? HE IS THE BEST. >> Al: FROM THE 45 YARD LINE. WILSON TO START AT SEVEN OR Spanish: AVANZA UNAS CUATRO O CINCO YARDAS QUE NO SE CARACTERIZA POR CAPTURAR MUCHOS PASES . >>> OBSERVEN Y TIENEN SIETE LÍNEAS OFENSIVAS SIETE . >>> LO QUE QUIEREN TRATAR DE HACER CON ESTA LÍNEA ES ESTIRAR LA DEFENSIVA Y SE HACES ESE TIPO DE LÍNEA VAS A OBLIGAR A QUE EL EQUIPO DE RLOS ANGELES RAMS SE ACERQUE . >>> Y ATRAPA . >>> EN LA 45 9PDAVID MOORE . >>> VIERON LOS SIETE JUGADORES DE LA LÍNEA QUE ESTÁN FORZANDO A LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS AAQUESTA LA LÍNEA. English: EIGHT. FOR 68 YARDS. OFF PLAY ACTION. A MINUTE. AND THAT WILL BE CAUGHT. BY DK METCALF. GO TO HIM AGAIN. THES SON OF TERRANCE METCALF BUT NOT THE TERRY METCALF. HERE HE IS AGAIN GOING UP AGAINST RAMSEY. HIS FATHER WAS TERRANCE METCALF WITH THE BEARS IN THE EARLY 2000s. >> Cris: MADE THE SAME IMPRESSION ON PETE CARROLL WITH HIS SHIRT OFF. LOOKED LIKE A BODYBUILDER. >> Al: FROM THE 43 YARD LINE. CARSON. GOOD RUN. TO THE 33 YARD LINE. THAT'S A FIRST DOWN FOR SEATTLE. >> Cris: JUST ABOUT THE TIME THAT YOU START GOING, OKAY, I GET IT. THEY GO ALL THE BIG GUYS IN THE GAME AND THEN GO PLAY ACTION AND THROW THE BALL BEHIND US, NOW THEY COME RIGHT OUT AND PLAY POWER FOOTBALL. CHRIS CARSON WITH FUMBLES THIS Spanish: >>> AHÍ INGRESO EL NÚMERO 73 P A JAMARCO JONES . >>> PRIMERO Y 10 VA A PASAR Y LA CAPTURA LA 49 OTRO PRIMER DOWN P PMALIK TURNER SEGUNDO QUE ATRAPA EN EL JUEGO DE ESTA NOCHE. >>>PDK METCALF AHÍ ESTÁJ20 JALEN RAMSEY Y NOS DAR MUCHAS Y TIENE ENTRE 10 Y 11 YARDAS . >>> OTRA VEZ PCHRIS CARSON .. English: YEAR AND ALL OF THAT PETE CARROLL'S IDENTITY AS A HEAD COACH IS POWER RUNNING AND PLAY ACTION. AND CHRIS CARSON GIVES HIM THAT ELEMENT AND HE LOVES IT. >> Al: PROSISE COMES IN. WHO'S BEEN INACTIVE SINCE WEEK SEVEN AS THE BACKUP BACK TONIGHT. WILSON ESCAPING AND THEN FIRING OUT OF BOUNDS TO MAKE IT SECOND DOWN AND TEN. >> Cris: WHEN I WATCHED THE GAME BETWEEN THE TWO TEAM LAST WEEK, THERE'S CHRIS CARSON IN THERE, THE THING THAT IMPRESSED ME MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE WAS THAT, FIRST OF ALL, THE RAMS WERE ALL OVER RUSSELL WILSON. THEY WERE CHASING HIM. AARON DONALD WITH NINE PRESSURES IN THE GAME. NEVER GOT THEM ON THE GROUND SO THAT ABILITY TO ESCAPE AND MAKE BIG PLAYS MAY WELL BE THE DECIDING FACTOR. THEY HAVE ONE SACK ON HIM. THEY NEED TO STAY ON HIM. >> Al: NOBODY GETS OUT THE SIDE DOOR BETTER THAN HE DOES. SECOND AND TEN. Spanish: >>> Y RECUERDEN QUE LO ESTÁN HACIENDO SIN PENY QUE ESTÁ FUERA. >>> AQUÍ ESTÁ PRIMER DOWN Y 10 . >>> BASE A TRES PIERDE PRESIÓN POR EXENTOS ESCAPA RUSSELL WILSON Y LA VOTO ES EL APROPIADO. >>> CUANDO ERA JOVEN EL QUERÍA FORZAR LA OPCIÓN Y SE TE METÍA EN PROBLEMAS Y RECIBÍA MUCHOS O GOLPES DESPUÉS DE VARAS LESIONES Y MADURAR YA LA TIENE LA VOTO. >>> NECESITA 65 YARDAS DEL PARTIDO DEL PARA CONVERTIRSE EN EL QUINTO CORE VA EN LA HISTORIA DE LA NFL EN ALCANZAR LA MARCA DE 4000 YARDAS EN SU CARRERA . Spanish: >>> YA TE PUEDES IMAGINAR QUIÉNES SON LOS PRIMEROS CUATRO. >>> REACCIONÓ RÁPIDAMENTE DE LA DEFENSIVA DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS ESTAMOS HABLANDO DE STEVE JHONS EL ZURDO QUE EL HAN LLEGADO A LAS CUATRO MIRADAS. >>> Y ANTES DE ESO ESTABA EN LA UUS . >>> AHÍ CAYÓ EN PAMPA . >>> HOY EN 10 ABOGADO . >>> MIEMBRO DEL SALÓN DE LA FAMA VA POR EL CENTRO WILSON PASE CORTO Y CREO QUE SE QUEDÓ CORTO . >>> PTYLER LOCKETT LO QUE TÚ SABÍA Y ESTABA CORTO English: PROSISE. STOPS AFTER A SHORT GAIN. A FOURTH YEAR BACK OUT OF NOTRE DAME. PICKED HIM IN THE THIRD ROUND IN 2016. >> Cris: BALL LORE TAKING ADVANTAGE. A HUGE PLAY ALREADY IN THE RUN GAME. >> Al: THIRD AND EIGHT. RECEIVERS TO THE RIGHT SIDE. GORDON SPLITTING OUT. COVERED BY TROY HILL. PASS CAUGHT OVER THE MIDDLE. DOESN'T HAVE THE FIRST DOWN HERE. THAT'S TYLER LOCKETT AND THEY SPOT IT SHORT AT THE 24 YARD LINE. SO LOCKETT HELD. HE WAS BOTHERED BY THE FLU LAST WEEK. DIDN'T CATCH A PASS IN THE GAME English: AGAINST MINNESOTA. A COUPLE TONIGHT HE'S CAUGHT. >> Cris: THE GUY ON THIRD DOWN. LOOKED LIKE HE SLID ACROSS THAT LINE. >> Al: IT'S FOURTH DOWN AND THEY'RE GOING TO STAY IN THERE. TO THE 24 YARD LINE. CARSON IS BACK IN THE GAME. FAKE IT TO HIM. WILSON FIRES AND THAT'S INCOMPLETE! BUSTED UP. INTENDED FOR TURNER AND BROKEN UP BY RAMSEY. JALEN RAMSEY. BREAKS IT UP. HALFWAY THROUGH THE QUARTER. Spanish: UNA YARDA. >>> CUARTO DOWN VAN POR EN B BUSCA. >>> EL SEGUNDO QUE CAPTURA ESTA NOCHE. >>> VAN A BUSCARLO AL ATAQUE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS VA A PASAR WILSON SE LE CAE . >>> EN LA YARDA 16 LO MARCA J JALEN RAMSEY Spanish: LE SALIÓ EL TIRO POR EL OTRO LADO. >>> English: >> Cris: HOW ABOUT A LOOK AT ROBERT WOODS BY KAY JEWELERS? YOU WILL SEE SOME OF THE CROSSING ROUTES THAT WORK SO WELL. WATCH THE WALL COMING FROM THE RIGHT SIDE AND THEY'RE BASICALLY GOING TO PICK WHATEVER IS COMING Spanish: (MUSICA) HAY QUE ESTÁ COMO OBSERVAN EL SE DESPEGA DE LA DEFENSIVA JROBERT WOODS MUEVE HACIA FUERA HACE EL TOUCH DOWN PASE CORTO Y LA TRATE AVANZA UNA RESERVA APROXIMADAMENTE POR CIERTO JARED GOFF FUE ELEGIDO EL JUGADOR OFENSIVO DE LA SEMANA . >>> PASÓ 426 YARDAS Y DOS PASES DE TOUCH DOWN English: ACROSS THAT WAY. YOU CAN SEE ALL THE TRAFFIC THAT DEFENSIVE BACK HAD TO GET THROUGH, CONVERT THAT HUGE THIRD DOWN TO START DO GET USED TO THE CROSSING ROUTES AND THEN THE DOUBLE CROSS COMES RIGHT THERE. DOUBLE CROSS WAS A TOUCHDOWN FROM ROBERT WOODS SO A LOT OF CLEVER STUFF ON BOTH TEAMS TONIGHT. >> Al: TWO LONG SCORING DRIVES FOR THE RAMS STARTS THIS PLAY ACTION. GOFF FIRES OVER THE MIDDLE AND IT'S COMPLETE FOR A SHORT GAIN TO GURLEY. HERE'S MICHELE. >> Michele: EVERY WEEK WOODS WATCHES EVERY THROW TO THE CORNER HE'LL BE FACING. HOW THEY RESPOND TO GETTING BEAT AND HOW THEY PLAYED AGAINST THE CORNERS. HE SAID HE LIKES TO GO INTO SATURDAY NIGHT MEETINGS KNOWING EVERYTHING ABOUT THE OPPONENT ALL THE WAY DOWN TO WEARING SLEEVES AND WHAT THE SLEEVES LOOK LIKE, AVALANCHE. >> Al: A REAL PRO. A GUY WHO PLAYED THE COLLEGE BALL RIGHT HERE AT USC. SECOND DOWN AND SEVEN. English: GURLEY. THAT'S UP AND TAKES THE BALL UP TO THE 32 YARD LINE. FIRST TWO DRIVES FOR THE LOS ANGELES RAMS TONIGHT EIGHT PLAYS, 75. 12 PLAYS, 85. ALREADY PICKED UP 11 FIRST DOWNS. McVAY, OF COURSE, CALLS THE PLAYS IN. BACK THE LOOKING LIKE THEY DID IN THE 2018 SEASON. EARLY THIS YEAR. AGAINST NEW ORLEANS. >> Cris: COOPER KUPP MORE OFTEN THAN NOT ON THIRD DOWN BECOMES THE GUY. >> Al: LEFT SIDE. OVER THE MIDDLE. THAT'S INCOMPLETE. TRYING TO GO TO HIGBEE. SO IT'S A THREE AND OUT. AND JOHNNY HEKKER COMES IN TO PUNT IT AWAY. >> Cris: EXACTLY WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED THERE FOR SEATTLE. THEY HAVE BEEN GOING UP AND DOWN Spanish: TRES Y MUCHOS COMENZARON A CUESTIONAR LA OFENSIVA . >>> POR EL MISMO CENTRO AVANZA UNAS CINCO YARDAS Y SE QUEDA CORTO JTODD GURLEY II LAS CERCA DE 30 CORRIDAS DE ESTA NOCHE. >>>LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS ES ESTUVIERON BASTANTE DENTRO SU PROPIA ZONA . >>> YA NOTARON TOUCH DOWN TERCER DOWN Y TRES . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ ACOMPLEJADO 10 DE 11 PASOS PARA 119 YARDAS AHÍ TIENE UN PASE DE TOUCH DOWN English: THE FIELD ON THEM. NOW THEY NEED RUSSELL WILSON TO GO AHEAD AND FINISH OFF ONE OF THESE DRIVES. THEY HAVE BEEN PRETTY GOOD BETWEEN THE 30s BUT NOT SO MUCH IN THE RED ZONE. >> Al: HEKKER FOR YEARS ONE OF THE BEST IN THE LEAGUE. DAVID MOORE BACK TO RECEIVE. MOORE DRIFTING OVER. CALLS FOR AND MAKES THE FAIR CATCH ALONG THE SIDELINE AT THE 21. A LOOK AT DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES ON THIS SUNDAY NIGHT. Spanish: PAMELA ALGO AHÍ ESTÁ JARED GOFF A JTYLER HIGBEE ESTABA TAN CERCA HORA QUE LO TIRA TAN LEJOS . >>> PERO AHORA LE VAN A DAR EL BALÓN A JOHNNY HEKKER POR EL EQUIPO DE LOS RLOS ANGELS RAMS ESTA ESPECTACULAR. >>> NÚMERO CUATRO EN LA NFL EN ESTOS MOMENTOS ENTRE LOS MEJORES PATEADORES . >>> Y LA CAPTURA PDAVID MOORE AHÍ COMIENZAN LOS SEATTLE SE W Spanish: SEAHAWKS LA PRÓXIMA SERIE . >>> English: >> Al: RAMSEY WAS NOT A HAPPY CAMPER IN JACKSONVILLE AND TRADED TO THE RAMS. WHAT A DIFFERENCE. BROKE UP THE PLAY ON THE LAST DRIVE ON THE FOURTH DOWN PLAY. HE'S MADE A BIG, SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE FOR THIS RAMS DEFENSE. STARTING FROM THE 20 YARD LINE. WILSON LOSES THE BALL BUT PICKS UP HIS OWN FUMBLE AND STOPPED BACK AT THE 13 YARD LINE FOR A 7-YARD LOSS. TRIED TO HAND IT TO C.J. PROSISE. PROSISE'S NOT PLAYED IN ABOUT SEVEN WEEKS. >> Cris: RIGHT. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE HARDEST PLAYS RIGHT THERE. I USED TO DO A LITTLE OPTION QUARTERBACKING, AS WELL. SOMETIMES YOU'RE THINKING TO PULL IT BACK. HE'S GRABBING IT. YOU ARE TRYING TO PULL IT. ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU'RE NOT Spanish: (MUSICA) JALEN RAMSEY EL NÚMERO 20 PRIMER DAOWN YY 10 AL ATAQUE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS Y VIENE RUSSELL WILSON Y FUE DETRÁS DE EL CODEUDOR . >>> JCORY LITTLETON Spanish: EL PROBLEMA ES QUE SO SERUSSELL WILSON SE QUEDAR CON LA PELOTA SIN E A EMBARGO ESE EL SÉPTIMO HUMBLE U QUE HACE RUSSEL DDE LA TIENE ROMPE EL TACO LO ESTÁN ESPERANDO HACIA EL CENTRO Y FINALMENTE JCORY LITTLETON LO DE ARRIBA A PDK METCALF . >>> ES UN JUGADOR VIENE DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MISSISSIPPI ES UN JUGADOR CON MUCHO CUERPO . >>> AHORA TERCER DOWN English: PRACTICING TOGETHER. >> Al: PROSISE STARTED ONE WAY AND THEN BACK. RUSSELL THROWS AND CAUGHT BY METCALF. BOUNCE OFF A COUPLE OF TACKLES. TURNED AROUND AND TAKEN DOWN AT THE 24 YARD LINE. CRIS, WE MENTIONED THIS IS SUCH A BIG GAME FOR BOTH TEAMS. ALSO, LET'S NOTE THE NFC WEST 23-10-1 AGAINST OTHER DIVISIONS SO THIS HAS BECOME THE PREMIER DIVISION AT LEAST THIS SEASON. >> Cris: IT REALLY IS AND THIS IS THE OPPORTUNITY HERE FOR THE RAMS TO GET BACK IN THIS THING. THEY NEED A BIG, BIG EFFORT TONIGHT. I REALLY FELT LIKE COMING INTO IT, IT WAS GOING TO BE ABOUT THEIR DEFENSE. THEY COULDN'T LET RUSSELL WILSON MANIPULATE THE WAY HE HAS IN THE PAST AND HERE WE ARE ON THIRD DOWN, BIG MOMENT. >> Al: SO GOOD, SO GOOD FOR THE "D." THIRD DOWN AND SEVEN. Spanish: Y SIETE AHÍ ESTÁ JDANTE FOWLER JR. QUE SE LE CAE . >>>A PJACOB HOLLISTER VEMOS COMO SE LE HAN CAÍDO BALONES IMPORTANTES. >>> LE HA LANZADO MÁS DE 36 PASES Y ES EL PRIMERO QUE SE LE CAE . >>> DEBIÓ HABERLA ACAPARADO ABSOLUTAMENTE PERO PORQUE SALTO HACIA EL LADO IZQUIERDO NO SE. >>> TOCUARTO DOWN English: WILSON PROTECTED WELL. THROWS INCOMPLETE. INTENDED FOR JACOB HOLLISTER, FORMER NEW ENGLAND TIGHT END. FOURTH DOWN AND SEVEN. >> Cris: THAT'S A BIG ONE. HOLLISTER HAS MADE BIG PLAYS. THIS IS THE PLAY YOU HAVE TO MAKE TO KEEP THIS DRIVE ALIVE. SO FAR TONIGHT IT'S JUST NOT BEEN SHARP FOR THE SEAHAWKS. >> Al: DICKSON SENDS IT DOWN TO NSIMBA WEBSTER. FIRST RUN BACK WILL RUN IN A ONE-YARD LOSS. TAKEN DOWN BY MARQUISE BLAIR. Spanish: Y SIETE . >>> DURÍSIMO EL NOVATO PNICK BELJNSIMBA Spanish: WEBSTER . >>> (MUSICA) ESTA ES LA COMPETENCIA DE LA COPA PRESIDENCIAL EN GOLF ENTRE EUROPA Y ESTADOS UNIDOS Y TIGER WOODS ES EL CAPITÁN DEL EQUIPO. >>> PARECE POR COMPLETO AVANZÓ UNAS SEIS DE APROXIMADAMENTE J 0 English: >> Al: TIGER WOODS AND THE U.S. TEAM GOES HEAD TO HEAD WITH ERNIE ELS TEAM AND THE INTERNATIONAL TEAM AND IT'S THE PRESIDENTS CUP BEGINNING ON WEDNESDAY ON GOLF, PGA LIVE AND NBC. GURLEY GETS SEVEN. McDOUGALD MAKES THE STOP. YOU TALK ABOUT TWO GUYS WHO DO YOMAN WORK AND HAVE FOR YEARS. BOBBY WAGNER, K.J. WRIGHT. 100th GAME THEY STARTED TOGETHER. THERE'S NO QUESTION WITH BOBBY WAGNER, ONE FOOT IN CANTON. EIGHTH YEAR IN THE LEAGUE. English: >> Cris: ELBOW, A KNEE. PRETTY CLOSE. >> Al: JUST NEEDS TWO FEET. SECOND DOWN AND FOUR. THROWS AND THAT'S HIGBEE DOWN THE SIDELINE. WAGNER ALL THE WAY BACK COVERING ON THE PLAY. AND A FIRST DOWN AFTER A GAIN OF 22. >> Cris: AGAIN, THE PLAY ACTION, WAGNER'S GOING TO TAKE A STEP IN THE WRONG DIRECTION AND HIGBEE'S GOING TO RUN RIGHT BY HIM. YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT WHICH PLAYER MIGHT HAVE CHANGED THE OFFENSE THE MOST IN THE LAST TWO OR THREE WEEKS? NOT TYLER HIGBEE WITH HIS BLOCKING. >> Al: PLAY ACTION. UNDERNEATH. INTENDED FOR ANOTHER TIGHT END, THAT'S JOHNNY MUNDT. MISSING GERALD EVERETT TONIGHT AND A RELATIVELY PENALTY FREE HALF. >> Referee: ILLEGAL USE OF HANDS TO THE FACE. OFFENSE NUMBER 77. Spanish: TODD GURLEY II J 1800 TÁCTILES TIENEN.. >>> EN EL CASO DE EL PBOBBY WAGNER CCON MÁS DE 1000 TACOS EN SU CARRERA . >>> PASE PERFECTO A JARED GOFF . >>> ABSOLUTAMENTE NO ESTA FALLANDO ES COMO EL ASADOR QUE TIENE UNA NOCHE ESPECTACULAR J 9 TYLER HIGBEE EL PASE FUE PERFECTO SOBRE EL HOMBRO IZQUIERDO EXACTAMENTE AHÍ. >>> SE VE EN EL TOQUECITO . >>> CON LA SUTILEZA QUE LA PONE . >>> MUY BUENA PROTECCIÓN PASE CORTO POR LA DERECHA Y DECAE HAY PENALIDAD . >>> SE LE CAYÓ LA PELOTA A JERI Spanish: WEDDLE ES POSIBLE QUE SIGA SUJETANDO DE PARTE DE LA DE LA OFENSIVA . >>>PJANDREW WHITWORTH LA PRIMERA INFRACCIÓN A ESTA LA MANO IZQUIERDA . >>> SE VE CLARAMENTE . >>> ESTABA TRATANDO DE BLOQUEAR LA PRIMERA SELECCIÓN DE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS ESTE AÑO . >>>JARED GOFF VVA A PASE CORTO LA ATRAPA LANÓO English: TEN-YARD PENALTY, REPLAY FIRST DOWN. >> Al: WHITWORTH. >> Cris: GAVE HIM A LITTLE SHOT TO THE FACE. NO QUESTION ABOUT THAT. THOSE GUYS, ONE OF THE HARDEST THINGS OF PLAYING FOOTBALL IN THE NFL RIGHT NOW IS THAT WHETHER YOU'RE TACKLING OR BLOCKING, THE GUY MOVES UP OR DOWN, HITTING HIM IN THE HEAD AND YOU JUST -- THEY EXPECT A LOT OF PEOPLE PLAYING 1,000%. THERE'S KEN NORTON. KNOWS A FEW THINGS ABOUT HANDS TO THE FACE AND OTHER THINGS TO THE FACE. >> Al: COORDINATOR. FIRST DOWN AND 20. GREEN. BACK IN SEATTLE TERRITORY. GURLEY MAKES THE CATCH. >> Michele: YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT BOBBY WAGNER. IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, HE PLAYED AGAINST NBA SUPERSTAR LEONARD. Spanish: UNA SIETE YARDAS APROXIMADAMENTE ES SU SEGUNDO PASE ESTA NOCHE 5 PBOBBY WAGNER JUGABA BALONCESTO CON LEONARD DURO . >>> SEGUNDO PASE CAPTURA JARED GOFF AQUELLA GRÁFICA QUE VIERON ES IMPRESIONANTE SEÑORES ESTAMOS HABLANDO DE EL HOMBRE QUE LLEVÓ A LOS TORONTO A SU PRIMER TÍTULO EN LA NBA . >>> ESTAS COSAS NO SUCEDEN ASÍ POR CASUALIDAD . >>> GRANDES ATLETAS . >>> ES QUE SON ASÍ . >>> FALTAN DOS MINUTOS PARA QUE English: HE SAID I DIDN'T KNOW WHO I WAS PLAYING AGAINST AT THE TIME. >> Al: NOW A LOS ANGELES CLIPPER. CATCH MADE. COOPER KUPP TO THE 26 YARD LINE. RIGHT OVER THE MIDDLE. >> Cris: HERE'S THE TODD GURLEY EFFECT. WAGNER IS IMPACTED AND DRAWS UP TO HIM AS GURLEY COMES OUT AND THEY GO RIGHT BEHIND SO RIGHT NOW JARED GOFF IS SEEING THE FIELD. HE IS HAVING AN IMPACT. HE DUMPS A COUPLE OFF AND THEN ABLE TO GET IN BEHIND. >> Al: 13 OF 15 FOR 168. THERE'S THE WHISTLE FOR THE TWO-MINUTE WARNING. RAMS 14, SEAHAWKS 3. Spanish: TERMINE LA PRIMERA MITAD DEL PARTIDO . >>> (MUSICA) VAMOS A LOS ÚLTIMOS DOS MINUTOS DE ESTA PRIMERA MITAD DEL PARTIDO SUENA EL SILBATO SE DETIENE LA ACCIÓN A VER QUIÉN HIZO QUÉ. >>> TIENE QUE SACAR A LAS CHEERLEADER DEL TERRENO DE JUEGO. >>> ES LA MASCOTA . English: >>> TWO OF THE BEST GAMES IN THE SEASON TODAY. NEXT ON HALFTIME, HIGHLIGHTS AND REACTION TO THE WIN IN NEW ORLEANS AND KANSAS CITY'S WIN IN FOXBORO. SEE YOU AT THE BREAK. >> Al: OH YEAH, MIKE. THAT 49ers GAME WAS A CLASSIC. TWO MINUTES TO HALFTIME AND A WHISTLE HERE BEFORE THE SNAP. >> Cris: STILL DANCING IN THE END ZONE. >> Al: THAT'S THE PROBLEM. >> Referee: WE NEED THE CHEERLEADERS OFF THE FIELD, PLEASE. >> Al: ALL RIGHT. THE RAMS MASCOT, SURE. HEY, IT IS HOLLYWOOD, BABY. WHAT CAN I TELL YOU? >> Cris: AND THE MARCHING BAND REFUSED TO YIELD. >> Al: THE COAST IS CLEAR. English: WE CAN START NOW FROM THE 27 YARD LINE. ON THE GROUND. GURLEY. TOUGH RUNNING. THE GURLEY OF OLD. GETS TO THE 20 YARD LINE. SECOND AND THREE. RAMS CAN TAKE THEIR TIME HERE BECAUSE WHAT THEY'D LIKE IS THE DOUBLE DIP. THEY GET THE SECOND HALF KICKOFF. >> Cris: WHAT WE ARE SEEING NOW WITH THE ROOKIES ON THE RIGHT SIDE A PHYSICAL BUNCH AND THEN ADD HIGBEE TO IT AND THEY'RE STARTING TO GET REALLY GOOD COORDINATED BLOCKS OVER THERE. THAT WAS BEAUTIFUL THAT TIME. >> Al: SECOND AND THREE. PLAY CLOCK HERE. GURLEY WILL BE -- WELL, STOPPED A LITTLE SHORT OF THE FIRST DOWN. MAKE IT THIRD DOWN. AND THE SEAHAWKS ARE GOING TO TAKE A TIMEOUT. THEY DON'T WANT THEM TO HAVE Spanish: >>> DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS . >>> PRIMER DOWN Y 10 . >>>JOSH REYNOLDS EN MOVIMIENTO. >>> SE QUEDA CORTA POR UNAS TRES O CUATRO YARDAS . >>> JTODD GURLEY II EN SU CARRERA EN LA NFL TIENE RÉCORD DE CUATRO VICTORIAS Y TRES DERROTAS COMO CONLLEVA FRENTE A SEATTLE . >>> ESTA NOCHE TIENE UN TOUCH DOWN . >>>EN MOVIMIENTO JROBERT WOODS SSE QUEDÓ CORTO . Spanish: >>> POR UN POQUITO MÁS DE UNA YARDA UNTO >>>JTODD GURLEY II VAN A TENER UN TERCER DOWN .. >>> (MUSICA) POR IZQUIERDA JTODD GURLEY II EESO ERA TODO LO QUE TENÍA QUE SER INCLUSIVE LA MISMA JUGADA LA English: THAT DOUBLE DIP. WE'LL BE BACK IN 30 SECONDS. >> Al: THIRD DOWN AND ONE. RAMS WITH GURLEY SLINGING TO THE OUTSIDE, GETTING AROUND A CORNER AND PICKS UP THAT FIRST DOWN. RUN OUT THERE BY THE CORNER TRE FLOWERS. FOR GURLEY TONIGHT, 13 CARRIES, 43 YARDS AND CAUGHT 2 BALLS. >> Cris: HERE'S LITTLE BIT OF Spanish: TENÍA QUE HABER HECHO ANT ANTERIORMENTE . >>> ESO ERA TODO. >>> PERO MUY INTELIGENTE FRENA Y VE QUE NO PUEDE ENTRAR POR EL HUECO UNA GRAN VELOCIDAD Y POR ESO SE VA POR EL COSTADO PRIMER DOWN Y 10 PARA LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS VA A PARA PASAR EN LAS MANOS A J JTYLER HIGBEE LE HABÍA LANZADO MÁS DE 41 PASE Y SE LE HABÍA CAÍDO UNO NADA MÁS PERO HOY ESTÁ CAPTURADO BUENOS PASES PERO NO TRASLACIÓN COMO ESTA HA ESTADO EL ÚLTIMO PASE QUE CAPTURÓ FUE EL PASE PERFECTO English: THAT OUTSIDE ZONE. THEY HAVE BEEN CUTTING IT BACK ALL DAY AND JUST TO PUT IT IN PERSPECTIVE, HE IS YET TO HAVE A 100-YARD RUSHING GAME THIS SEASON. HE'S HAD SIX IN EACH OF THE LAST TWO YEARS. WHAT'S DIFFERENCE ABOUT THE TEAM, THAT'S WHAT'S DIFFERENT. >> Al: OVER THE MIDDLE AND INCOMPLETE. RIGHT THERE COVERING ON THE PLAY. SECOND DOWN AND TEN ON WITH 60 SECONDS LEFT IN THE HALF. >> Cris: SOMEHOW THE REASON THE REASONS MATCH UP WELL AGAINST THE SEAHAWKS IS THE SEAHAWKS DON'T DO A GREAT JOB OF GETTING PRESSURE AND WHERE GOFF'S NUMBERS FALLEN OFF IS UNDER PRESSURE. NOT AS GOOD THIS YEAR IN A CLEAN POCKET EITHER BUT UNDER PRESSURE A PASSING RATING OF ABOUT 60 AND TEAMS THAT GET UNDER UNDER PRESSURE HAVE A PRETTY BIG IMPACT. Spanish: QUE LE PUSO EN EL HOMBRO . >>> SEGUNDO DOWN Y 10 . >>> LIBOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS LE QUEDAN DOS MINUTOS. >>> SIMPLEMENTE NO QUIERE PERDER LA OPORTUNIDAD DE CAPITALIZAR EN ESTA SERIE . >>> Y ESTÁ TAN CERCA BUSCA EL D TOUCH DOWN Y SIEMPRE MANDA MÁS DE UNA JUGADA . >>> HICE MAL NO RECUERDO FUERON LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS LLOS QUE COMENZARON LA OFENSIVA EN LA PRIMERA MITAD ES DECIR QUE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS DE ANOTAR TOMARÍAN EL BALÓN OTRA English: >> Al: CLEAN TONIGHT. SECOND DOWN AND CLEAN AND THE RAMS WILL NOT TAKE A TIMEOUT WITH THE PLAY CLOCK GOING ALL THE WAY DOWN. McVAY, PEOPLE BEGIN TO THINK WAS HE LOSING THEIR MAGIC? DISASTER AGAINST TAMPA BAY AND SCORED A LOT OF POINTS THAT DAY. FORGET ABOUT THE BALTIMORE GAME. SOMETHING NEEDED -- AS GOFF SAID, YOU NEED SELECTIVE AMNESIA. YOU CAN'T SIT AND STEW ABOUT THAT ONE. >> Cris: THEY BRING AMAZING ENERGY AND SORT OF ON OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE SPECTRUM. RIGHT? >> Al: TOTAL. >> Cris: PETE CARROLL IS ONE OF THE MOST -- I DON'T KNOW ANYBODY WHO LOVES FOOTBALL MORE THAN PETE CARROLL. HE MAKES JOKES, HE HAS FUN. IT SHOWS. >> Al: SECOND DOWN. PASS CAUGHT. HIGBEE THERE AT THE TEN YARD LINE. THIRD DOWN AND FOUR COMING UP English: WITH 56 SECONDS. >> Cris: SEATTLE REALLY IS NOT GETTING LINED UP PRIOR TO THE SNAP. THEY'RE WANDERING AROUND AND RIGHT NOW GOFF IS TAKING ADVANTAGE OF IT. >> Al: CAUGHT FIVE BY HIGBEE AND WOODS. COOK NORMALLY A BIG PART OF THE OFFENSE HAS NOT CAUGHT ONE TONIGHT. COOKS NUMBER 12. OFF TO THE LEFT SIDE. THIRD AND FOUR. COMES BACK INTO THE BACK FIELD. GOFF FIRES AND THAT WILL BE CAUGHT. COOPER KUPP IN THE END ZONE. TOUCHDOWN. 72 YARDS AND A LITTLE OVER 3 MINUTES. Spanish: VEZ. >>> PASE POR LA IZQUIERDA Y LA ATRAPA JTYLER HIGBEE ESTE SER DOWN YY CUATRO YARDAS . >>>SEATTLE NO SE ESTÁ APROVECHANDO LA PRIMERA LÍNEA . >>> NO ESTÁN LISTOS PARA EJECUTAR LA JUGADA OFENSIVA . >>> TIENE QUE LLEVARLA HASTA LA YARDA SEIS . >>> TERCER DOWN Y DE >>> VA POR IZQUIERDA TIENE LA PELOTA BUENA RECEPCIÓN HACE DURO English: AND THE RAMS TONIGHT HAVE ALREADY RUN UP 240 YARDS. KUPP WITH HIS THIRD GRAB OF THE NIGHT. ZUERLEIN IN FOR THE POINT AFTER. WITH 51 SECONDS TO THE HALF, THE RAMS LOOK UNSTOPPABLE LEADING 21-3. >> Cris: A PERFECT PLAY. WHAT YOU WANT TO DO IS OCCUPY THESE TWO GUYS WITH UNDERNEATH ROUTES SO THEY'RE GOING TO OCCUPY ONE ACROSS THE FIELD. THERE'S THE OTHER. AND THEN RIGHT IN BETWEEN THOSE TWO COMES KUPP. THAT'S WHAT YOU WANT TO DO WHEN YOU'RE PLAYING AGAINST A ZONE DEFENSE. OCCUPY ONE LINEBACKER AND THEN THE OTHER. BOTH WITH UNDERNEATH ROUTES AND CAN'T COVER IN BEHIND IT. YOU HAVE TO HAVE A SAFETY WITH THAT LITTLE FIELD TO OPERATE FROM SNEAK DOWN CLOSER. >> Al: I DON'T KNOW IF THE 49ers STILL IN THE AIR AND WATCHING Spanish: LA ATRAPA JCOOPER KUPP EL SEGUNDO DE DE JCOOPER KUPP ES EL SÉPTIMO QUE ATRAPA. >>> SE PONEN DE ACUERDO DE LO QUE VAN HACER APROVECHAR LA OPORTUNIDAD Y ENTONCES REGRESA AL TERRENO DE JUEGO Y MIREN CÓMO EJECUTAN AL PIE DE LA LETRA . >>> EXACTAMENTE LO QUE QUERÍA HACER EL ENTRENADOR IRSE A LOS VESTIDORES ANOTANDO Y COMENZANDO LA SEGUNDA MITAD . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ EL PUNTO ES UNO . >>> GREG ZUERLEIN Y ESTÁ GANANDO 21 A TRES ESTÁN 18 PUNTOS ARRIBA DE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS JUGADA PERFECTA MIREN LO QUE ESTÁN ADENTRO Y AQUÍ VIENE EL CORTE POR EL CÉSPED POR EL HUECO DE LA ZONA ERA UNA ZONA DEFENSIVA NO ERA HOMBRE HOMBRE Y Spanish: COMO VIENE JTYLER HIGBEE Y EL PASE FUE AHÍ MISMO. >>> ESTÁ TENIENDO UNA GRAN NOCHE JARED GOFF . >>> Y SALIÓ POR ESE LADO 17 SABEN QUE IBAN A IR GREG ZUE MIREN ESTO LOS ÚLTIMOS 10 PARTIDOS 10. FOTO >>> EN EL COLISEO ESTA NOCHE YA TIENEN 21 . >>> PARA QUE USTEDES VEAN COMO ESTA OFENSIVA NO HABÍA FU FUNCIONADO BIEN ÚLTIMAMENTE Y ESTA NOCHE RESUCITADO . >>> Y YA TIENEN 240 YARDAS EN S ESTA PRIMERA MITAD. >>> VA RUMBO A 402 . >>> COMIENZAN EN LA YARDA 35 . >>> EL COORDINADOR DEFENSIVO ESTABA NACIENDO. English: THIS FLIGHT BACK BUT THEY'RE ENJOYING THIS ONE BECAUSE IF SEATTLE WINS THIS GAME THEY'RE THE NUMBER ONE 1 IN THE NFC OR THE 49ERS ARE NUMBER 1 AND THE LOSER GOES TO NUMBER 5. BETWEEN SAN FRANCISCO AND SEATTLE. RAMS, OF COURSE, JUST TRYING TO GET INTO THE PLAYOFFS. >> Cris: YOU DON'T WANT THE RAMS TO LOOK TOO GOOD. THEY'RE THE DEFENDING CHAMPS. YOU DON'T WANT TO HAVE THAT SORT OF HUH OH MOMENT WATCHING THEM EITHER. >> Al: I THINK THE 49ers WILL BE HAPPY TO HAVE A NUMBER 1 SEED. >> Cris: I THINK YOU'RE RIGHT. >> Al: TOUCHBACK HERE. WE HAVE A GOOD LITTLE PIECE HERE FOR YOU. LOOK AT THIS TIMELINE. McVAY BORN IN '86. '94, McVAY WITH STEVE YOUNG. PETE UP IN SAN FRANCISCO WITH THE DEFENSIVE COORDINATOR. English: McVAY, FIRST ASSISTANT JOB IN THE NFL THERE AND THEN '13 REDSKINS TIGHT END COACH McVAY AS PETE LIFTS THE LOMBARDI TROPHY. 38 AND 66. CARROLL HAVING AN ENTHUSIASM. McVAY IS THE SAME WAY. >> Cris: GREAT ENERGY. ADMIRE HIM SO MUCH. NO WAY AM I COACHING HIM. >> Al: WILSON. OF COURSE, CARROLL WAS IN SAN FRANCISCO WHEN McVAY'S GRANDFATHER JOHN McVAY, A COACH AND AN EXECUTIVE RUNNING THE 49ers. >> Cris: ALL THE SUCCESS THAT PETE CARROLL HAD IN THIS STADIUM, RIGHT? WHAT HE DID WITH USC WAS PRETTY REMARKABLE. THEY WERE UNBEATABLE FOR A WHILE. >> Al: 45-GAME UNBEATEN STREAK. CAUGHT OVER THE MIDDLE. WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PICK UP THE Spanish: >>> SU PRIMER TRABAJO CON LOS TAMPA COMO ASISTENTE DE RECEPTOR . >>> EN EL 2013 GANANDO EL SUPER BOWL Y LUEGO A LOS 33 AÑOS MIREN ESTO. >>> TODO ESTO SUCEDE AHÍ HA VENIDO TRABAJANDO EL ENTRENADOR DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS .. >>> VA HACIA ATRÁS SWILSON YY L CAPTURA PJACOB HOLLISTER . >>> TRATAR DE BUSCAR UN PEABOT English: FIRST DOWN. THIRD DOWN AND ONE. THIS PLACE BRINGS BACK A LOT OF GOOD MEMORIES FOR PETE CARROLL. TIMEOUT HERE. BACK IN 30 SECONDS. ♪ ♪ 2 Spanish: . >>> SECTORES TIENEN LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS LA TIENE PCHRIS CARSON ES EL SEGUNDO CAPTURA ESTA NOCHE. >>> SIGA MIRANDO EL RELOJ YA PARÓ EL TIME OUT AHÍ VEMOS AL NÚMERO 72 JPAL WOO Spanish: AHÍ ESTÁ PJARONPTYLER LOCKETT LO HAN ANULADO CASI POR CO COMPLETO. >>> TERCERA YARDA LANZA CONTRA EL TERRENO DE JUEGO. >>> ESTA RECLAMANDO QUE FUE LO QUE PASÓ MATHEWS LOS ÁNGELES PIDEN UN TIEMPO . >>> VEAMOS ESTA COMBINACIÓN DE WILSON CON LOCKETT TUVIERON DOS CEPAS ESTUVIERON English: (MUSICA) WHAT HAPPENED HERE? EVERYONE LOOKING AROUND GOING, HUH? >> Referee: BEFORE THE SNAP, TIMEOUT, LOS ANGELES. THEIR SECOND. >> Al: RAMS TOOK A TIMEOUT. WILSON TO LOCKETT. THE BEGINNING OF LAST SEASON, NUMBERS THEY HAVE PUT UP. 16 TOUCHDOWN PASSES. NO INTERCEPTIONS. WHEN THESE TWO GET TOGETHER. AND A 151.5 RATING, PERFECT IS 158. SO ABOUT AS GOOD AS IT GETS AS A COMBO PLATTER. >> Cris: RUSSELL WILSON WITH 81 TOUCHDOWN PASSES ON DEEP BALLS SINCE 2012. Spanish: 152% NÚMERO UNO. >>> MEJOR COMBINACIÓN NO EXISTE. >>> AHÍ ESTÁ RUSSELL WILSON ESA NOCHE LO HA LIMITADO . >>>9PTYLER LOCKETT LE ESTÁN QUITANDO SUS FLANCOS PREFERIDOS . >>> VA AL CENTRO SE ESCAPA VA A LA YARDA 48 P38. ES INTERESANTE SE VAN A QUEDAR SIN TIME OUT ME IMAGINO QUE ESO LO PUEDEN English: THAT IS THE MOST, THE MOST COMPLETIONS, AS WELL. HE THROWS THOSE BEAUTIFUL HIGH ARCING BALLS. THEY HAVEN'T TRIED IT TONIGHT. >> Al: THIRD DOWN AND ONE AFTER THAT RAMS DEFENSIVE TIMEOUT. ON THE GROUND THEY GIVE THE BALL TO CARSON. TO THE 49 YARD LINE HE GOES FOR A FIRST DOWN. AND SEATTLE WITH 36 SECONDS WILL TAKE A TIMEOUT. THAT WAS INTERESTING. THE RAMS TOOK THAT TIMEOUT ON DEFENSE BECAUSE IF THEY HAD STOPPED THEM WOULD CARROLL HAVE GONE FOR IT? ON A FOURTH DOWN NOT MADE IT AND GIVE THE RAMS THE BALL BACK WITH A FEW SECONDS? BUT THAT'S WHY I THINK IN GOOD MEASURE THEY STAYED ON THE GROUND TO GET THE FIRST DOWN. THEY'RE ABLE TO TAKE THE TIMEOUT. SEATTLE IS TO KEEP IT AND KEEP THE BALL AWAY FROM THE RAMS. >> Cris: YOU GET THE FEELING THERE'S A SIGNIFICANCE TO THE DRIVE HERE. MOMENTUM SHIFT BECAUSE IT'S ALL AGAINST SEATTLE SO FAR. Spanish: HACER SI ES UN PASE MÁS BIEN UN POCO LARGO . >>> SI NO TIENEN QUE POR LAS ESQUINAS . >>> Y AVANZAR O LAS YARDAS . >>> Y DISPARAR 40 YARDAS . >>> CUANDO VIO POR LAS ESQUINAS DEL RECEPTOR CAPTURA LA PELOTA Y PARA DEL TERRENO DE JUEGO Y ASÍ PUEDA DETENER EL RELOJ . >>> IBA POR EL CENTRO TIENE QUE SER UN POCO LARGO A DISTANCIA PARA PATEAR AHÍ VA WILSON HACE LARGO POR LA DERECHA Y QUE BUENA JUGADA DEFENSIVA . >>> QUE HUBO BUENA JUGADA DEFENSIVA IBA EN BUSCA DE JDONT DEAYON MIREN EL ESPACIO QUE LE DA Y NO SE VA CON LA PINTA Y DIJO PAPI English: WE HAVE NOT SEEN AARON DONALD HAVE A HUGE IMPACT RUSHING THE PASSER DECK YET EITHER. >> Al: I DON'T THINK I'VE CALLED HIS NAME YET TONIGHT. THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN VERY OFTEN. >> Cris: JOSH GORDON ONE SIDE AND METCALF THE OTHER AND LOCKETT. THERE ARE SOME RECEIVING THREATS TO TAKE A SHOT. >> Al: CAN THEY THREATEN? WILSON STEPPING UP. THERE'S THAT DEEP SHOT. KNOCKED DOWN BY TROY HILL. INTENDED FOR TYLER LOCKETT. HILL AND RAMSEY AT THE CORNERS WHEN IN WEEK FIVE IT WAS TALIB AND PETERS. >> Cris: THERE IT IS. THAT'S THE SHOT THEY LIKE TO TAKE DOWN THE FIELD AND I TELL YOU THIS HAS BEEN SOME EFFORT BY TROY HILL. I'VE BEEN REALLY IMPRESSED SINCE THEY TRADED AWAY THEIR CORNERBACK WITH WHAT HE'S ABLE TO DO. METCALF WIDE OPEN OVER THE MIDDLE. MIGHT HAVE HAD A CATCH AND RUN Spanish: NO . >>>JTROY HILL MUY BUENA JUGADA DEFENSIVA . >>> 30 SEGUNDOS TIEMPO PÍDENLOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS PARA ESTAR SEGUROS QUE TIENEN EL PERSONAL CORRECTO EN EL TERRENO Y OJO QUE ESTE HOMBRE YA DISPARA UNO PROFUNDO PUEDE DISPARAR OTRO. >>> Y A RUSSELL WILSON LO TIENE MANIATADO . >>> PERO NO HAN PODIDO NOTAR . >>> YA PERDIERON A UNO DE SUS English: TO PUT THEM IN FIELD GOAL RANGE. >> Al: BEEN HERE FOR A WHILE. STARTED IN THE PATRIOTS CAMP. >> Referee: TIMEOUT. >> Al: THE RAMS TAKE A FINAL TIMEOUT. MAKE SURE THEY GET THE RIGHT DEFENSE ON THE FIELD. WILSON 12 OUT OF 17 BUT ONLY 106 YARDS. >> Cris: PRETTY SPECIAL GUY, THOUGH, ISN'T HE? >> Al: TREMENDOUS. >> Cris: EVERY TUESDAY IN CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. HE SAID FIRST TIME SHOWING UP AS A ROOKIE SAYING I WANT TO COME OUT. WOULD THAT BE OKAY? THE LADY SAID, YEAH. WHO ARE YOU AGAIN? WELL, I'M A ROOKIE QUARTERBACK FOR THE SEAHAWKS. GREAT. DID THE APPEARANCE. HE SAID I'D LIKE TO COME BACK NEXT WEEK. SHE GOES, I REALLY DON'T KNOW WHO YOU ARE. WILL YOU EXPLAIN THAT FURTHER? I DON'T THINK HE HAS THAT ISSUE ANYMORE. >> Al: I DOUBT IT. EIGHTH YEAR. I DON'T THINK HE HAD AN OFF YEAR. GREAT LAST YEAR. English: BEEN GREATER THIS SEASON. BLITZ IS COMING. WILSON UNDER PRESSURE AND THEY TAKE HIM DOWN AT THE 41 YARD LINE. THAT'S A COLLECTIVE SACK. DONTE FOWLER WILL GET CREDIT FOR IT. >> Cris: YOU SAY HOW DOES FOWLER GET THE SACK? WATCH WHAT THEY DO TO AARON DONALD INSIDE. THERE'S ONE. THERE'S TWO. THERE'S THREE. THERE'S FOUR. THAT MEANS EVERYBODY ELSE HAS TO BE ONE ON ONE. SO THE BENEFICIARY OF THAT? FOWLER ON THAT. >> Al: SCORE IS 21-3. GO TO HALFTIME NEXT. MIKE TIRICO ON BOARD. >> A REASON FOR McVAY TO SPRINT UP THE TUNNEL. THANKS. THE REACTION AND THEIR ANALYSIS OF THE TWO BIG GAMES EARLY. NINERS, HUGE STATEMENT IN THE BIG EASY. Spanish: CORREDORES QUE ES PENY Y POR OTRO LADO TIENE MANIATADO COMPLETAMENTE . SEGUNDO Y 10 TIENE PRESIÓN SE ESCAPA LO DE ARRIBA FINALMENTE JCORY LITTLETN NO VAN A HACER MÁS NADA YO CREO QUE VANAS A DEJAR QUE EL RELOJ CORRA . >>> VA PARA EL CENTRO OBSERVEN. >>> LE QUEDA VA LE FUERON CON TODO JAARON DONALD HA FINALIZADO LA PRIMERA MITAD DEL JUEGO LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS DERROTAN A LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS 21 A TRES . >>> English: AND THE CHIEFS HOLD ON AT THE HOME OF THE DEFENDING CHAMPS. HIGHLIGHTS AND ALL THAT COMING UP. TOYOTA HALFTIME IS NEXT. >> WANT FOR STATS? English: HEY, SIRI, WHO LEADS THE LEAGUE IN PASSING YARDS? >>> WELCOME TO THE TOYOTA HALFTIME. LET'S GO PLACES. >> WHAT A HALF FOR JARED GOFF. 15 OF 18. THREW TWO TOUCHDOWNS INCLUDING ONE TO KUPP. FOUR POSSESSIONS FOR THE RAMS. THREE TOUCHDOWNS. IMPRESSIVE START FOR L.A. >> YES. THE PLAN FOR THEM IS TO MAKE JARED GOFF BEAT YOU. NO PRESSURE ON HIM. >> THE SEAHAWKS LOOK FLAT. THEY HAVE TO FIND ENERGY IN THE SECOND HALF. >> MOST COMEBACKS IN THE NFL IN THE SECOND HALF, SIX. BIG DAY FOR SAN FRANCISCO. THEY PLAYED NEW ORLEANS. GOING FOR THE BEST RECORD IN THE NFC. SEATTLE WATCHING WITH GREAT INTEREST. SANDERS WITH A TERRIFIC PLAY FOR SAN FRANCISCO. >> THEY ALL CAME OUT AND GOT SAN English: FRANCISCO BACK IN THE GAME AND ENERGIZED. THE TRICK PLAYS. >> DREW BREES WITH SIX TOUCHDOWNS, INCLUDING THIS ONE. >> THEY'RE LOOKING FOR A SECOND RECEIVER. THIS IS AN EXCELLENT PLAY. FINDING THE END ZONE. >> THEY GO FOR TWO. ONE-POINT LEAD. >> WHO THEY GO TO? GEORGE KITT L. WATCH THIS EFFORT. RUNNING THROUGH PEOPLE, THE FACE MASK PENALTY. THIS IS A ONE-PLAY -- GAME WINNING DRIVE. >> 30 YARDS OUT. THE NINERS GO TO 11-2 AND THE NUMBER 1 SEED IF THE RESULT IN L.A. HOLDS UP. JOHN LYNCH AND THE NINERS. GREEN BAY JUMPS TO 2. THE TIEBREAKER OVER NEW ORLEANS WHICH IS ALREADY IN. MINNESOTA GOT A BIG WIN TO KEEP THAT MARGIN FOR THE WILD CARD. >> THEY REALLY HAVEN'T BEEN HERE BEFORE SO ANY TIME TO GO TO BALTIMORE AND GO TO NEW ORLEANS AND PLAY WELL YOU START TO BUILD THAT CONFIDENCE. English: YOU START TO BELIEVE THAT YOU CAN BEAT ANYONE. >> HUGE WIN FOR THE 49ers BUT WHAT ABOUT NEW ORLEANS? WE'RE USED TO THEM BEING SO DOMINANT AT HOME. THANKSGIVING SEAN PAYTON TALKED ABOUT THE LOSSES. >> BEST TEAM? >> SAN FRANCISCO. >> SAN FRANCISCO. >> SEE WHAT HAPPENS LAST THREE WEEKS. AFC SIDE COMING UP. English: TOYOTA REMINDS US ANY DRIVE CAN BE A THRILL RIDE WITH FUN LIKE THESE FOLKS, RUNS IN THE FAMILY. >>> TWO BIG GAMES THIS SUNDAY. BALTIMORE AT BUFFALO. >> THERE'S JUST SO MUCH THIS OFFENSE. English: OPTIONS AND THEN PASSES OFF THE OPTION PLAY. UNBELIEVABLE. >> A CHANCE LATE, RODNEY. >> PETERS DID A GREAT JOB MAN TO MAN COVERAGE. KNOCKING THE BALL DOWN. >> GAME TIME, KANSAS CITY AT NEW ENGLAND. MAHOMES. >> A LOT OF EMPHASIS ON STOPPING TYREEK HILL. TREMENDOUS SPEED. >> BRADY DOWN SEVEN ON FOURTH DOWN. >> NEVER SEEN BRADY SCRAMBLE FOR 17 YARDS THERE. >> YOU KNOW THEY'LL PUNCH IT IN. RIGHT? FOURTH DOWN. EDELMAN. KNOCKED AWAY. >> BREELAND PLAYED WELL TODAY, COACH. >> KANSAS CITY WINS THE WEST. THEY GET INTO THE PLAYOFFS WITH THAT WIN. BALTIMORE'S NUMBER 1 SEED IF THEY WIN 2 OF THE LAST 3. BUFFALO AND NEW ENGLAND PLAY IN A WEEK. IF ONE WINS A GAME THEY'RE BOTH IN. BOTH HAVE A CHANCE WITH ONE WIN English: TO GET INTO THE PLAYOFFS. BIG STORY FOR A COUPLE OF TEAMS THAT WIN. BALTIMORE AND K.C. >> BALTIMORE JUMPS UP INTO THE FIRST PLACE, MORE CUSHION BUT THEY ALSO SHOWED THAT THEY CAN WIN WHEN LAMAR JACKSON DOESN'T OVERWHELM THE OTHER TEAM. A LOT OF DEFENSE TODAY AND THAT -- DEFENSE ON THE ROAD IS HUGE. >> EVERYONE IN NEW ENGLAND TALKING ABOUT MISSED CALLS. DURING THE GAME. BUT THEY HAD SO MANY DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE UP FOR IT IN THE RED ZONE. THEY -- YOU GET IT TO HARRY AND IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN A TOUCHDOWN. THEY SAID THAT HE WAS OUT. THE FOOT CLEARLY WASN'T OUT BUT THEY HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO COME BACK IN THE RED ZONE AND THE YOUNG MEYERS DROPS THE PASS. AN OPPORTUNITY RIGHT HERE AND DROPS THE PASS. LOOK AT THE PATRIOTS. I LOOK AT THE PATRIOTS AND THIS IS A VERY DESPERATE TEAM. THIS IS A TEAM THAT CANNOT -- NO LONGER LINE UP AND BEAT PEOPLE BUT THEY HAVE THE TRICK PLAYS TO TRY TO FABRICATE OFFENSE. >> THEY'RE STRUGGLING AND I English: DON'T KNOW WHERE THE HELP COMES FROM. WHAT DO THEY DO TO GET THE OFFENSE GOING? >> WEEK 16 COULD BE FOR THE DIVISION. THE PATRIOTS MAY HAVE TO GO ON THE ROAD IN THE PLAYOFFS. KANSAS CITY WITH A BIG WIN. RAMS TERRIFIC START THIS HALF. BOTH SIDES OF THE BALL. UP 18. SECOND HALF FROM LOS ANGELES IN A MOMENT. English: >> THIS HAS BEEN THE TOYOTA HALFTIME. LET'S GO PLACES. >>> TONIGHT'S FIRST HALF HIGHLIGHTS ARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY CHEVROLET. ♪ WAITING ALL DAY FOR SUNDAY NIGHT ♪ >> SUNDAY NIGHT, BABY. BRIGHT LIGHTS, BABY. >> THERE'S THE FAKE AND THE PASS WIDE OPEN. MAKING THE CASH IS TYLER HIGBEE. IT IS A TOUCHDOWN FROM MALCOM BROWN. THE PASS, THAT'S CAUGHT. English: ROBERT WOODS. >> THIS IS A DIFFERENT RAMS OFFENSE. ♪ WAITING ALL DAY FOR SUNDAY NIGHT ♪ DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES. A TEN-MINUTE HOP UP THE FREEWAY. ALL RAMS IN THE FIRST HALF. 21-3. RUSSELL WILSON 12 OF 17. SACKED TWICE. GREAT FIRST HALF FOR GOFF. 184. TWO TOUCHDOWN PASSES. GOOD HALF FOR GURLEY. 13 CARRIES. SEASON HIGH FOR THE FIRST HALF FOR HIM. TIED FOR THE SECOND LARGEST HALFTIME DEFICIT IN WILSON'S REGULAR SEASON START. THAT GOES BACK EIGHT SEASONS. HIGBEE FIVE CATCHES. WOODS FOR FIVE CATCHES TONIGHT. THE BIG GUYS WITH GOFF. AL MICHAELS, CRIS COLLINSWORTH, MICHELE TAFOYA. RAMS HAVE FOUR FIRST HALF POSSESSIONS. THREE TDs AND A PUNT AND WITH Spanish: (MUSICA) LOSLOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS ESTÁN SUPERANDO A LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS QUE PARTIDAZO . >>> Y SI EATTLE QUEDABA MANIATA CON SOLAMENTE . >>> MIREN LO QUE HAN HECHO JTYLR Spanish: HIGBEE Y WOODS HAN ATRAPADO LOS PASES . >>> COMENZARÁN EN LA YARDA 25 LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS DE LOS ÁNGELES . >>> CON UN BUEN PARTIDO HA FALLADO TRES PASES NADA MÁS HA COMPLETADO 15 DE 18 DE LOS ÁNGELES . >>> CON UN BUEN PARTIDO HA FALLADO TRES PASES NADA MÁS HA COMPLETADO 15 DE 18184 YARDAS DOS PASES DE TOUCH DOWN INTERCEPCIÓN . >>> PRIMER DOWN Y 10 . >>> EL ÚNICO CORREDOR SALE POR LA DERECHA PASA A LA 30 TIENE EL PRIMER DOWN Y LA LLEVA POR LA YARDA 41 J English: THE BALL TO START THE SECOND HALF AT THE 25 YARD LINE BUT FIRST MICHELE. >> Michele: PETE CARROLL TOLD ME WE HAVE TO SLOW THEM DOWN. HE SAID WE HAVE TO SLOW THEM DOWN MORE. HE POINTED TO THE SCOREBOARD AND SAID WE HAVE TO GET ON THE BOARD. WE HAVE GOT TO PLAY BETTER FOOTBALL. THAT'S WHAT SEAN McVAY IS EXPECTING OF THEM. HE SAID THE SEAHAWKS IS TOO GOOD. WE HAVE TO PLAY EXACTLY THAT WAY TO BRING IT HOME IN THE SECOND HALF. >> Al: THEY HAVE TO SLOW THEM DOWN BUT THE RAMS WON'T LET THEM SLOW DOWN THE RAMS. VERY FAST PACE. ON THOSE DRIVES IN THE FIRST HALF. SEE HOW THEY START HERE. HERE TO ROBERT WOODS. WHO GETS A BLOCK. BEGINNING WITH A 15-YARD PICKUP UP TO THE 40 YARD LINE. >> Cris: I JUST LIKE HOW ATHLETIC THEY ARE GETTING OUT NOW. THIS IS A YOUNGER, FASTER, BETTER LOOKING ON THE EDGE Spanish: ROBERT WOODS MIREN CÓMO SALE DE LA LÍNEA DERECHA. >>> SE ABRE CON CALMA DETRÁS DE SU BLOQUEADOR NO ACELERA VISTE COMO ESPERA . >>> ESO ES SER INTELIGENTE . >>> PRIMER DOWN Y 10 . >>>PASE POR LA IZQUIERDA POR ENCIMA DE LA CABEZA JTYLER HIGBE LA VEÍA VENIR . >>> AHÍ SE VA POR EL LADO D DERECHO SE DESPEGA CASI OCHO YARDAS PARA PODER COMPLETAR EL PASE Y LO HACE EN LA CARRERA AHORA LO HACE POR EL OTRO LADO. >>> POR EL LADO OPUESTO . >>> ESO HA SIDO LA CLAVE DE ESTA NOCHE. English: OFFENSIVE LINE THAN WHAT THEY HAVE HAD IN THE PAST. AND SO FAR THIS GAME IS REALLY FLIPPED UPSIDE DOWN. RUSSELL WILSON IS KNOWN ALL SEASON AS A GREAT DOWN THE FIELD PASSER. HAS MORE COMPLETIONS DOWN THE FIELD THAN ANYBODY. YET TONIGHT NOTHING AND IT IS THE RAMS. >> Al: GOFF THROWN FOR 200 YARDS. AND NOTHING THERE. THE PASS IS INCOMPLETE. >> Cris: TAKE A LOOK AT THE BOOTLEG PLAYS THAT JARED GOFF IS PULLING OFF. WE SAW HIM AGAINST ARIZONA DO THE SAME THING. THE RUNNING GAME IS WORKING A LITTLE BIT. THE MISDIRECTION HELPED A LITTLE BIT. LOOK AT THE SPACE IN FRONT OF GOFF. NOT UNDER PRESSURE. WE TALKED ABOUT THE NUMBERS EARLY ON. THE BOOTLEGS SENDING THE DEFENSE OF THE SEAHAWKS IN THE WRONG DIRECTION AND GETTING PEOPLE OPEN BEHIND. >> Al: SEAHAWKS. FORM MIGHT BE LACK OF PASS PRESSURE. CLEAN ALL NIGHT. Spanish: >>> CUANDO VA HACIA LA DERECHA Y HACIA LA IZQUIERDA . >>> SEGUNDO DOWN Y 10 A LA DERECHA ESTÁ JARED GOFF JCOOPER KUPP TERCER PASE CUARTO PASE DE CAPTURA ESTA NOCHE. >>> AHÍ ESTÁ PAVANZA UNAS CUATR O CINCO YARDAS JTODD GURLEY II SEGUNDO DOWN Y CINCO HABLANDO DEL REY DE ROMA AHORA ESTÁ MOMENTÁNEAMENTE DE RODILLAS . >>> PQUINTON JEFFERSON English: CLEAN HERE. OVER THE MIDDLE. THAT'S CAUGHT BY COOPER KUPP. INTO SEAHAWKS TERRITORY. FOR A FIRST DOWN. >> Cris: CLOWNEY CAME IN OUR MEETING THE OTHER DAY. MY FIRST QUESTION IS, DID YOU HAVE TO CARRY YOUR BIRTH CERTIFICATE EVERYWHERE YOU WENT? HE SAID, YES. NOBODY BELIEVED A GUY THAT BIG IS THAT YOUNG AND NOT ABLE TO GET PRESSURE TONIGHT. >> Al: OVER THE MIDDLE CAUGHT. GURLEY TO THE 43 YARD LINE. A GAIN OF FIVE. SECOND AND FIVE. >> Cris: CLEARLY THE BIGGEST CHANGE -- HERE WE GO. QUINTON JEFFERSON IS DOWN. >> Al: HE IS REPLACING ZIGGY ANSAH SO JEFFERSON ONLY IN THE STARTING LINEUP BECAUSE OF THE ANSAH INJURY. AND PETE CARROLL LOOKS ON WITH SOME CONCERN. . >> Cris: IT IS ONE THING WHEN English: YOU'RE INJURED AND ANOTHER WHEN ALL THE INJURIES HAPPEN AT THE SAME POSITION. KENDRICKSON IS ONE OF THREE GUYS WITH THREE SACKS IN THE SEASON. THERE'S ZIGGY ANSAH ON THE OUTSIDE. THERE'S KENDRICKS. DRAFTED THE SAME YEAR AS WAGNER. HE WAS THE PICK BEFORE WAGNER. PHILADELPHIA HAD THAT PICK. THEY WENT FOR HIM AND THEN SEATTLE WENT FOR WAGNER AND HOW'S THAT TURNED OUT? NOW THEY'RE BOTH ON THE SAME SQUAD. CLOWNEY THE NUMBER ONE OVERALL PICK IN '14. JACKSON COMES IN AS THE SUB HERE. HERE'S GURLEY TO THE OUTSIDE. AND HE CANNOT GET AROUND THAT CORNER. McDOUGALD COMES UP TO MAKE THE TACKLE. Spanish: JUGADOR DE LA LÍNEA DEFENSIVA DEL EQUIPO DECÍSEATTLE . >>> SE ESTABA RUMOR Y ANDO DE QUE POSIBLEMENTE REGRESE A LOS RANGOS COLEGIALES . >>> ESTÁ CAMINANDO SIN TENER QUE SER ASISTIDO . >>> ESTE EQUIPO DE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS HA GANADO 10 O MÁS JUEGOS EN SIETE DE SUS ÚLTIMAS TEMPORADAS . >>> Y HAN TENIDO QUE SALIR JUGADORES ESTRELLAS . >>>PJADEVEON CLOWNEY Spanish: ¿LA IZQUIERDA BUSCANDO BLOQUEO Y HAY PENALIDAD . >>> LE LA EPOR LAFUERON POR LA . >>> 33 VICTORIAS 15 DERROTAS COMO TÉCNICO DE LOS RLOS ANGELE RAMS . >>> JANDREW TERCER DOWN Y 10 LA PELOTA EN TERRITORIO DE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS ESTAMPA CON CUATRO RECEPTORES TRES DE ELLOS POR LA DERECHA. English: THERE'S A FLAG DOWN. DOWN FIELD. >> Referee: ILLEGAL BLOCK IN THE BACK. OFFENSE 17. THIS PENALTY IS DECLINED. THIRD DOWN. >> Al: ABOUT THE ONLY THING THAT ROBERT WOODS HAS DONE WRONG TONIGHT. >> Cris: WATCH JADEVEON CLOWNEY HERE. HE IS NUMBER ONE IN THE NFL AS FAR AS MAKING PLAYS FOR NO GAIN OR FOR A LOSS AND YOU SEE PART OF THE REASON WHY. EXPLOSIVE. STILL DEALING WITH THAT CORE INJURY. MAYBE NOT QUITE WHAT HE COULD BE BUT, MAN. QUICK WHEN HE DECIDES TO GO. >> Al: BACK TO THIRD AND TEN. OPENING DRIVE WAS THE SECOND HALF. STOPS, THROWS, INTERCEPTED! THAT'S QUANDRE DIGGS AND PUTS SEATTLE BACK IN BUSINESS. CAME OVER IN A TRADE WITH English: DETROIT. LAST MONTH FOR 55 YARDS. PRESSURE PUTT ON BY SHAQUEM GRIFFIN. >> Cris: BIG LOOP INSIDE. WATCH HIM COME AROUND AND JUST AS GOFF IS GETTING READY TO THROW THIS FOOTBALL, HE IS GOING TO GET HIT RIGHT IN THE FACE AND FOR WHATEVER REASON IT LOOKED LIKE ROBERT WOODS STOPPED THERE ON THE ROUTE AND BECAUSE OF THAT PRESSURE GOFF DID NOT HAVE TIME TO READ THAT ONE OUT AND HERE WE GO. >> Al: GOFF HAD NOT THROWN A PICK SIX SINCE HIS ROOKIE SEASON IN 2016. OVER 1,600 PASSES WITHOUT A PICK SIX. MYERS NOW FOR THE POINT AFTER AND HE MISSED IT. WOW. SO THE HAWKS GET BACK IN IT AND THEY MISS THE EXTRA POINT. HERE'S A HIT ON GOFF. PICK SIX AND IT'S 21-9. Spanish: >>> AHÍ ESTÁ PARTE DURO JARED GOFF 30 20 10 CINCO Y TOUCH DOWN SSU SEGUNDA INTERCEPCIÓN DE LA TEMPORADA Y SE LA RETORNARON PARA SEIS PUNTOS . >>> PQUANDRE DIGGS MIREN DONDE LE METEN LA MANO EN LA CARA NO PUEDE VER SUELTA EL BRAZO ESTÁ AL FRENTE Y NO PUEDE VER LA DEFENSIVA Y POR AHÍ ENTRA LAS MANOS A VIVAS Y BOOM NO USA LAS MANOS NO PUDO SACAR EL BALÓN HACIA ATRÁS YA VENÍA COMPROMETIDO PARECE PASE . >>> Y NO PUDO EL ÚLTIMO MOMENTO PORQUE LA PRESIÓN VENÍA POR EL MEDIO. >>> LE QUITARON HACIA LA DERECHA INTERCEPCIÓN NÚMERO 13 JASON MYERS ÉSTE NO FALLA. >>> PERMANECE EL MARCADOR 21 A Spanish: NUEVE LUEGO DE LA INTERCEPCIÓN Spanish: DE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS . >>> QUIERO QUE SEPA QUE HOY DÍA 8 DE DICIEMBRE SE CELEBRA EL DÍA DEL LOCUTOR . >>> MUCHAS FELICIDADES PARA TODOS LOS LOCUTORES . >>> Y LE DIO UN BOTE PERFECTO QUE ACELERA AHORA POR LA English: ELLEN'S GREATEST NIGHT OF GIVEAWAYS, TUESDAY NIGHT ON NBC. THIS IS WHERE GOFF HAS TO USE THE SELECTIVE AMNESIA WE TALKED ABOUT EARLIER. BOUNCING BALL FIELDS AT THE 7 BY HENDERSON. ROOKIE RUNNING BACK. UP HERE TO THE 27. BACK WE GO TO THE INTERCEPTION AND THE TD. >> Cris: JARED GOFF WILL READ MAN COVERAGE AND RIGHTLY SO. English: MAN COVERAGE HERE ON THIS SIDE AND SO HE IS GOING TO THINK, ALL RIGHT, MY RECEIVER ON THE OTHER SIDE ROBERT WOODS WILL KEEP GOING WITH MAN, AS WELL. NOBODY ON HIM. DIGGS GIVING AN EARL THOMAS IMPERSONATION KEEPS GOING AS WOODS STOPPED AND GOFF WENT -- UGH. >> Al: PERFECT ILLUSTRATION OF IT RIGHT THERE. WILSON TO CARROLL ON THE SIDELINE. THEIR TEAM DOWN BY ONLY 12 NOW. GOFF ROLLS. GOING TO KEEP IT HIMSELF. AND GET TO A HOLE. NOT SLIDING. I DON'T KNOW WHAT HE WAS DOING THERE. >> Cris: THAT'S CALLED IN A HEAP I THINK. WE DO NOT SEE BOBBY WAGNER REACTING TO THE RUN AS STRONGLY. HE IS LOOKING FOR THAT BOOTLEG PLAY THAT REALLY WAS DEVASTATING AGAINST THEM AND MUCH BETTER POSITION THERE SO THAT FORCED GOFF TO TAKE OFF AND RUN. TAKE THAT ALL DAY. Spanish: IZQUIERDA PASA A LA 20 Y HASTA LA 27 JDARRELL HENDERSON JR. HASTA LA LLEVÓ . >>> AQUÍ VIENE LA DEFENSA HOMBRE A HOMBRE AHÍ INDIVIDUAL TODO EL MUNDO TIENE UN JUGADOR Y WOODS SE QUEDÓ PARADO . >>> PORQUE ÉL TIRA LA PELOTA ANTES DE QUE WOODS VAYA A BUSCAR Y CUANDO VA A REACCIONAR YA ESTE LA TENÍA EN LAS MANOS . >>> PRIMER DOWN Y 10 VA A PASAR OTRA VEZ POR LA PELOTA JARED GOFF YY SE DESLIZA . >>> NO TENGO LA MENOR IDEA DE PORQUE SE DISPARÓ DE FRENTE PORQUE LE PUEDEN DAR UN GOLPE TIENE QUE DESLIZARSE . Spanish: >>> HAY QUE RECORDAR QUE SU PADRE EL PAPA DE JARED GOFF JUGÓ SIETE AÑOS EN LAS GRANDES LIGAS . >>> SI SU PADRE VIO DE LA FORMA QUE SE DESLIZÓ LLAMA BOTONES SE ESCAPÓ JROBERT WOODS Y SIQUIERA CORTO POR UNA YARDA EL JTODD GURLEY II . >>> DE DE SU AÑO COMO NOVATO ÁRABE QUE VEAN FUE EL PRIMER SELECCIONADO TERCER DOWN Y UNA YARDA. >>> YA VAN CUATRO AÑOS CON LOS R RLOS ANGELES RAMS)} Y SE LA English: GO AHEAD. YOU JUST RUN. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND FIVE AFTER THE FIRST TURNOVER OF THE GAME. A TACKLE IN THE BACK FIELD AND SETS UP A THIRD AND ONE. TALK ABOUT GOFF SINCE HIS ROOKIE SEASON. CAME IN AS THE NUMBER ONE PICK AND THEN TOOK OVER THE TEAM LATE IN THE YEAR BUT 1,500, 11 CONSECUTIVE PASSES WITHOUT SOMEBODY TAKING IT TO THE END ZONE ON HIM. THIRD DOWN AND ONE. GURLEY AGAIN. FIRST DOWN AND PLENTY MORE! TO THE 40 YARD LINE. Spanish: ENTREGA POR LA IZQUIERDA SE ESCAPA PASADA 40 50 Y LLEVA H T HASTA LA 41 EN TERRITORIO DE FIAFSS JTODD GURLEY II AACELERA AQUÍ VIENE LA JUGADA LE HACE EL GIRO HACIA LA IZQUIERDA LO QUE LE PERMITE ENTRAR POR ESE HUECO Y ACELERAR CON ESA GRAN VELOCIDAD QUE TIENE. >>> ROMPIÓ EL TACO MIREN LA FUERZA QUE BIEN ESTE HOMBRE LAS PIERNAS Y BUEN BLOQUEO DE JROBET WOODS YA TIENE CASI 300 YARDAS TOTALES . >>> MOVIMIENTO POR LA IZQUIERDA VA A PASAR OTRA VEZ TITUBEA Y INTERROGA LA PELOTA PERO ESTABA English: TYLER HIGBEE NOT ONLY A BIG GUY ON THE RECEIVING END TONIGHT, GOOD BLOCK TO HELP SPRING HIM. 23 YARDS. >> Cris: ALL ABOUT ANDREW WHITWORTH ON THE EDGE. HE HAS TO GET THAT HOOK BLOCK GOING RIGHT THERE. THE OUTSIDE GUY HAS TO GO UP THE FIELD. POONA FORD ALMOST GOT THERE. WE ARE STARTING TO SEE MORE PLAYS FROM TODD GURLEY. THOSE BREAKING INITIAL TACKLES TO BE IN THE MVP HUNT FOR 2017 AND '18. >> Al: ALL THAT HIMSELF. WHILE HE CARRIED THE BALL FEWER TIMES THIS YEAR BUT TONIGHT FULL WORKLOAD. 16 CARRIES. GOFF LOOKS, THROWS AND UNDERNEATH INCOMPLETE. SECOND DOWN AND TEN. SO McVAY'S FIRST SEASON IS 2017. 23 TOUCHES PER GAME AND 140 YARDS FROM SCRIMMAGE. LAST YEAR TREMENDOUS YEAR FOR HIM. English: 131 FROM SCRIMMAGE. 23 TOUCHES PER GAME. COMING IN TONIGHT ONLY 16 BUT TONIGHT LOOKING MORE AND MORE LIKE THE OLD GURLEY AS THE PASS IS CAUGHT AT THE 38 YARD LINE BY TYLER HIGBEE AND THAT WILL BE HIS SIXTH GRAB OF THE NIGHT. >> Cris: THEY HAVE CAUGHT SEATTLE TRYING TO GET A LINE ALL NIGHT LONG. THE RAMS ARE SNAPPING OUT OF THE HUDDLE, GETTING THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE, SNAPPING THE BALL AND LITERALLY PEOPLE ARE NOWHERE CLOSE TO WHERE THEY NEED TO BE ON DEFENSE. BY THE TIME THEY GET OUT OF THE HUDDLE, SNAP THE BALL THEY HAVE A HUGE ADVANTAGE. >> Al: AND DOING IT FROM THE FIRST DRIVE. JEFFERSON IS BACK NOW. THIRD DOWN AND FIVE. GOFF IS GOING TO GO FOR THE DISTANCE AND HAVE THAT ONE PICKED OFF BY DIGGS AT THE THREE! Spanish: MUY EMBARCADO . >>> JMIREN COMO SE VE ESTO PARA QUE TENGAN UNA IDEA 23 AL IGUAL QUE EL 2018 JTODD GURLEY II SOLAMENTE HA TOCADO EL BALÓN EN TRES OCASIONES EL TÉRMINO MUY MAL EL AÑO PASADO. >>> VA POR IZQUIERDA BUEN PASO POR ESE LADO AHÍ ESTÁ JTYLER HIGBEE CON 80 PASOS ATRAPADOS. >>> MUY CERCA DE SU RÉCORD Spanish: PERSONAL AQUÍ ESTÁ POR SUPUESTO PASE UN VASO POR LA DERECHA Y OTRA VEZ OTRA RECEPCIÓN PQUANDR DIGGS English: INTENDED FOR BRANDIN COOKS. SO THE SAFETY WHO CAME OVER FROM DETROIT WITH A PAIR OF PICKS TONIGHT AND SEATTLE GETS THE BALL. English: >> Al: DIGGS SPENT SEVEN WEEKS OF THIS SEASON WITH DETROIT AND THE LIONS TRADED HIM TO THE SEAHAWKS. HE'S NOW PLAYED IN FOUR GAMES, THREE INTERCEPTIONS, INTERCEPTED JIMMY GAROPPOLO IN THE FIRST GAME AS A SEAHAWK AND THAT'S AS GOOD AS -- BETTER THAN MOST PUNTS WOULD HAVE BEEN. HAD THAT BEEN AN INCOMPLETE PASS AND NOT AN INTERCEPTION. SEATTLE STARTS FROM THE THREE. Spanish: O TRES OTRA INTERCEPCIÓN . >>> (MUSICA) DOS INTERCEPCIONES TIENE PQUANDE DIGGS ESTA NOCHE TIENE DOS . >>> CONTRA LA PARED SEATTLE S Spanish: SEAHAWKS SE LA ENTREGAN POR EL CENTRO AVANZAN UNAS 34 YARDAS . >>> PCHRIS CARSON SE VE QUE NO SE VA CON LA C CARNADA INMEDIATAMENTE REACCIONA CUANDO VE QUE VIENE EL PASE Y ESTÁ EN MEJOR POSICIÓN PQUANDRE DIGGS ES UN POCO MÁS RÁPIDO MÁS FUERTE . >>> SEGUNDO DOWN Y SIETE . >>> VA PASAR Y LA ATRAPA Y AVANZA UNA SOLA YARDA PJACOB HOLLISTER SERÁ AHORA TERCER DOWN PARA LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS . English: SIX YARD LINE IS CHRIS CARSON. BACK WE GO TO THE INTERCEPTION. >> Cris: SEE COOKS COME IN HERE TO MAKE THE CUT AND GIVES DIGGS MAY TOO MUCH ROOM. A FORMER CORNERBACK. HE KNOWS THE ROUTE COMBINATIONS. THEY CAME WITH A DOUBLE BLITZ UP THE MIDDLE. MAN COVERAGE. YOU SEE SEAN McVAY GOING YOU CAN'T GO THAT FAR INSIDE. BREAK IT SHARPER TO THE OUT IF YOU HAVE TO DO SOMETHING. >> Al: PLAY-ACTION ON SECOND AND SEVEN. UNDERNEATH. A GOOD TACKLE ON HOLLISTER. LITTLETON COVERING HIM ON THE PLAY TO SET UP A THIRD AND SIX. >> Cris: THAT WAS A MISS BY RUSSELL WILSON RIGHT THERE. HE HAD METCALF ACROSS THE MIDDLE OF THE FIELD AND OFF THE GOAL LINE HERE HE RUNS WIDE OPEN ACROSS THE FIELD ON THIS BOOTLEG ACTION. NOBODY THERE. AND DID NOT SEE HIM AGAIN. English: THAT'S TWO. >> Al: WADE PHILLIPS ON THE SIDELINES. METCALF, ACTION FROM 31. THIRD DOWN AND SIX. THE RAMS KEEP THEM BACKED UP IN A GAME WHERE THE MOMENTUM SHIFTED. WILSON DEEP DOWN FIELD AND INCOMPLETE AND DOUBLE COVERAGE. CLAY MATTHEWS PUT THE POP ON WILSON THAT TIME. HAVING A GREAT YEAR WITH THE RAMS AFTER STILL A CAREER IN GREEN BAY. >> Cris: YOU WONDER WHAT THE DEFENSIVE NUMBERS FOR MATTHEWS WOULD HAVE BEEN IF HE DIDN'T BREAK HIS JAW AND MISS THREE GAMES BUT HE IS SENSATIONAL SINCE COMING HOME AND USC GUY AND PETE CARROLL ADMITS I DID NOT SEE THE KIND OF GUY HE WOULD HAVE BEEN. BOY, THAT WAS ONE OF MY MISSES. >> Al: YES, IT WAS. WE KNOW WHAT HE DID IN Spanish: >>> Y ESTABA DISPONIBLE LE DIERON EL PASE SUFICIENTE PARA COMPLETAR EL TACO . >>> EL COORDINADOR DEFENSIVO DEL EQUIPO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS TIENE PRESIÓN PASE LARGO ES INCOMPLETO IBAN EN BÚSQUEDA DE M MOORE Y MIREN QUE EL OTRO NO . >>> JERIC WEDDLE ES MUY INTELIGENTE . >>> MIREN CON LA FUERZA QUE VIENE Y ENTRA Y LO TOPÓ JCLAY MATTHEWS YY RECUERDEN QUE ESTE HOMBRE HA RECIBIDO ANTERIORMENTE GOLPES Spanish: EXCESIVOS . >>> CUARTO DOWN Y . >>> MUY BUENA LA PIDE Y LA ATRAPA EN LA YARDA 40 Y SIETE English: DAIRYLAND. DICKSON'S PUNT. BY WEB SON. THE RAMS TAKE OVER. MID THIRD QUARTER. English: >> Al: 8:15 TO GO IN THE THIRD QUARTER. DIGGS WITH THOSE TWO INTERCEPTIONS BUT THE RAMS ABLE TO STOP THEM ON THE THREE AND OUT AND LET'S GET THE BALL AT MIDFIELD: START THIS DRIVE FROM Spanish: JAKE MCQUA JNSIMBA WEBSTER >>> (MUSICA) AQUÍ VEMOS A LA ESTRELLA DEFENSIVA DE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS Spanish: QUE TIENE INTENSAS RERCEPCIONEQE DIGGS PRIMER DOWN Y 10 A LA TALLER LOS RLOS ANGELS RAMS JTODD GURLEY II AVANZA 31 . >>> SE ENCONTRARON EN UNA BUENA SITUACIÓN EN EL TERRENO DE JUEGO CASI A LA MITAD DE LA CANCHA . >>> UNA VEZ MÁS TRATANDO DE NEUTRALIZAR JBOBBY EVANS ES UN NOVATO DE WISCONSIN . >>> OTRA VEZ POR LA DERECHA CAÓO DE CABEZA EN LA MARCA DEL PRIMER DOWN English: THE 48 YARD LINE. OVER THE MIDDLE. GURLEY HAULS IT IN. GURLEY. VINTAGE GURLEY. TO THE 32 YARD LINE HE GOES FOR A GAIN OF 20 YARDS. >> Cris: LET'S START OUT WITH THE ROOKIE BOBBY EVANS ON THE OUTSIDE WORKING AGAINST JADEVEON CLOWNEY. LONG ARM KIND OF GUY AND THEY REALLY SORT OF JUMP UNDERNEATH COVERAGE IN AND NOBODY THERE FOR GURLEY SO A LITTLE GAIN OF -- BREAK THEM UP. THROW BEHIND THEM AND WORK THEM. >> Al: FIRST DOWN. MORE SUCCESS HERE. REYNOLDS TAKING THE HANDOFF AND COMING AROUND. DIGGS IS THERE TO STOP HIM. CLOSE TO A FIRST DOWN AND THEY DO MOVE THE STICKS. FIRST AND TEN. >> Cris: THIS GAME IS JUST NOT THE KIND OF GAME THAT PETE Spanish: JOSH REYNOLDS AHORA TIENE EL PRIMER DOWN .. >>> YO CREO QUE NOS ESPERABA ESTE TIPO DE JUEGO ESTA NOCHE. >>> E Y SE ESTÁ SORPRENDIDOS . >>> PRIMER DOWN Y 10 LA FUE EL CENTRO AVANZA UNAS CUATRO O CINCO YARDAS JTOD GURLEY II AHORA SE VA SEGUNDO DOWN SI TÚ NO LO MARCAS ES UN MAESTRO TIENES QUE BLOQUEARLO SINO ESTE HOMBRE SE VA . English: CARROLL'S SQUAD CAN WIN. THIS IS A TEAM YOU DO NOT WANT TO GET THEM IN A GAME TO RUSH THE PASSER AND THROW THE BALL WITHOUT COMING OFF OF THEIR RUN GAME. >> Al: GREAT MOMENTUM CHANGE AND NOW THE RAMS HAVE IT BACK. CLOWNEY STOPS GURLEY AFTER A GAIN OF THREE. SECOND AND SEVEN. >> Cris: ONE THING YOU WILL SEE IF YOU LEAVE CLOWNEY UNBLOCKED IS HE'LL COME STRIKE YOU DOWN THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE AND FAST ENOUGH TO GET BACK. THE SEAHAWKS, NO SACKS LAST WEEK AGAINST THE VIKINGS. NONE TONIGHT. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND SEVEN. 19 YARD LINE. GURLEY AGAIN. AT THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE. WAGNER IS THERE TO STOP HIM. THIRD DOWN AND SEVEN. AS McVAY CALLS THE PLAY IN. English: >> Cris: WHEN YOU GET IN THESE KIND OF GAMES, DIVISIONAL GAMES, YOU KNOW SO MUCH ABOUT THE OPPONENT, RIGHT? YOU PLAY THEM ALL THE TIME AND ALMOST FEEL LIKE YOU CAN BE IN THEIR HUDDLE AND THEN JUST WHAT AM I DOING BETTER THAN WHAT THEY'RE DOING? SO FAR -- RAMS ABILITY TO TAKE AWAY THE BIG PLAYS. >> Al: AND NOW THROW DOWN THE FIELD AND MISSES TARGET. HIGBEE HAD GOTTEN THREE IN THE END ZONE AND THEY CAN'T CONNECT AND IT'S FOURTH DOWN. >> Cris: YOU KNEW THAT WAS GOING TO BE A PASS THROWING IT BACKWARD. LOOK OUT. THEY WERE TRYING TO HIT MALCOM BROWN DOWN THE BOUNDARY. WIDE OPEN IN THE MIDDLE OF THE FIELD IS HIGBEE BUT UNABLE TO QUITE EXECUTE THAT ONE. >> Al: 37-YARD FIELD GOAL ATTEMPT FOR GREG ZUERLEIN. Spanish: >>> OTRA VEZ JTODD GURLEY II EN LA MISMA LÍNEA DE IMPACTO LO DETUVIERON . >>> A LO TNOTÓ TOUCH DOWN Y AHORA ESTÁN DANDO UN RESPIRO . >>> TERCER DOWN Y SIETE . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ POR LA IZQUIERDA 4 PSHAQUEM GRIFFIN PASE POR EL CENTRO EL PASE FUE M MALO POR PARTE DE JCOOPER KUPP EL PASE ESTUVO MALO Y NO ESTÁN CORRIENDO . >>> NO FUE UN LARGO PASE ATRÁS English: HE MISSED A FIELD GOAL BY ABOUT A FOOT. SEATTLE WEEK FIVE A 44 YARDER. THIS TIME IT IS BLOCKED. AND A HAND ON IT. AND I THINK THAT'S GREEN NUMBER 98 WHO BACK THAT IS ONE TO GIVE SEATTLE THE BALL. >> Cris: SEATTLE SEAHAWKS WILL NEVER GIVE UP ON A GAME. GREEN MAKING THE PLAY. REMEMBER TALKING TO BELICHICK ONE TIME ABOUT THE LAST FEW PLAYS IN THE SUPER BOWL WE HAD. BACKED UP ON THE GOAL LINE. THESE GUYS WILL NEVER, EVER, EVER STOP PLAYING AT 1,000% AND THEY HAVE NOT PLAYED WELL AT ALL TONIGHT AND YET SOMEHOW THEY HAVE HUNG AROUND NOW AND HAVE A CHANCE. >> Al: PETE CARROLL AND THE RESILIENCE IS TRADEMARK. Spanish: Y JCOOPER KUPP NO SE PLANTÓ BIEN NO SE QUE ESTABA ESPERANDO . >>> VA EN BUSCA DE 37 YARDAS HA ANOTADO 22 DE 28 QUE HA PATEADO ESTE AÑO . >>> Y LOS LO BLOQUEARON LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS SU PRIMER BLOQUEO Y FUE GREG ZUERLEIN LO PATIO ALIVIADO Y BAJITO . >>> PQUINTON JEFFERSON Spanish: TREMENDA JUGADA DEFENSIVA SE MANTIENE EL MARCADOR 21 A NUEVE . >>> ANTES DE QUE TERMINE EL TERCER CUARTO VAMOS A TENER TREMENDO FINAL . >>> HA LLEVAOLIVANUEVOAHI WILSON NO TIENE NADA EN COMÚN . >>> ES UN TORO . >>> PRIMER DOWN English: GREEN WITH THE BLOCK PLAYED HIS COLLEGE BALL IN THIS STADIUM WITH USC. HERE'S CARSON. GOOD SEVEN YARD PICKUP THERE. SECOND AND THREE. >> Cris: THERE'S REALLY BEEN A TRANSFORMATION ON THIS SEATTLE OFFENSIVE LINE AS WE HAVE GONE ON. THEY USED TO BE A SMALLER SORT OF ZONE TEAM AND HERE THEY GO BACK TO A LITTLE BIT OF THAT HERE. BUT NO LONGER. THEY HAVE HUGE GUYS ALONG THE OFFENSIVE LINE. THE BODY COMES IN AT 330. FLUKER AT 240 POUNDS. THESE ARE LARGE HUMAN BEINGS UP FRONT AND THEY WANT TO PLAY POWER FOOTBALL. >> Al: CARSON PICKS UP A FIRST DOWN. >> Cris: LET'S TALK ABOUT SOME OF THESE EXTRA OFFENSIVE LINE MEN AND BIG GUYS INSIDE. SEE THE DOUBLE TEAMS AS THEY GO AND BASICALLY CARSON JUST READS THAT OUT. Spanish: PARA LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS LA OFENSIVA DE SEATTLE MIREN LAS DOBLE DEFENSA QUE HACEN . >>> Y POR AHÍ SE DESPLAZA . >>> MUY INTELIGENTE UNA VEZ MÁS . >>> SEIS LÍNEAS OFENSIVAS . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ LA DOBLE CINTA Y LA DOBLE DEFENSA . >>> ESCURRIDIZO . >>> 160 YARDAS OFENSIVAS TIENEN LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS 137 SALTA Y LA ATRAPA PJACOB H HOLLISTER ES EL TERCERO QUE CAPTURA ESTA NOCHE. >>> VAN HABER QUE VIENE MO MOVIMIENTO LA JUGADA . >>> VINO DE IZQUIERDA A DERECHA Y POR ESE LADO SE QUITÓ AGÜERO QUE VENÍA . English: WHERE ARE THE GAPS? THEY DON'T KNOW. WHEN THEY'RE HANDED OFF, IT IS UP TO THE BACK TO FIGURE OUT WHAT THEY WANT TO DO OFF THE DOUBLE TEAMS SO IT'S THE POWER AND THE PUSH CREATING THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHRIS CARSON AND UNFORTUNATELY TONIGHT NOT RASHEED PENNY. >> Al: GOT HURT IN THE FIRST HALF. OUT OF THE PISTOL. WILSON ON THE RUN, THROWS, FINDS HOLLISTER AND TAKEN DOWN BY RAMSEY AFTER A FIRST DOWN AND THE RAMS 44 YARD LINE. >> Cris: THIS IS WHEN RUSSELL WILSON IS AT HIS BEST, WHEN HE'S ABLE TO MOVE AROUND A LITTLE BIT HIMSELF. THEY HAVEN'T GOTTEN ENOUGH OF THE RUNNING GAME GOING TO PLAY GREAT ABOUT THE PLAY ACTION AND YOU HAVE TO CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIM. EXPLOSIVE PLAYS FOR THE SEAHAWKS COME WHEN THAT GUY HITS THAT TEN YARD SPOT AND THEN HERE WE GO. Spanish: >>> NECESITAN JUGADAS EXPLOSIVAS . >>> SE ANOTAN ALGO AQUÍ EN EL TERCER CUALQUIER COSA QUE SUCEDA . >>> VA A PASAR A WILSON LO PERSIGUE Y VOTA LA PELOTA . >>> AHORA VA SEGUNDO DOWN Y 10 . >>> YO ESPERO QUE EL SEÑOR DICK CARREL LLE DEN UNA NUEVA GOMA DE MASCAR . >>> WILSON CORRE POR LA PELOTA English: WE WERE TALKING TO LOCKETT ABOUT IT. HE GOES WHEN HE TAKES OFF IT IS STRICTLY BACKYARD AND IT IS FUN AT THIS TIME. >> Al: RUNNING BACK IS PROSISE. GIVE TO HIM. CHASED BY DONALD. THROWS IT AWAY. SECOND DOWN AND TEN. >> Cris: IT HELPS TO SCRAMBLE TO THE SIDE WHERE'S ONE WIDE RECEIVER. A LOT OF TIMES THEY WANT TO KEEP THAT ADDED PROTECTION AND WILL ONLY HAVE TWO OR THREE WIDE RECEIVERS GOING OUT DOWN THE FIELD. >> Al: BRIAN SCHOTTENHEIMER CALLING IN THE PLAY. WADE PHILLIPS ON THE OTHER SIDE. 3:30 TO GO IN THE THIRD. 12-POINT LEAD FOR THE RAMS. >> Cris: THIS DEFENSE IS GREAT. PICK SIX THEIR ONLY TOUCHDOWN. >> Al: WILSON HANGING IN THERE. MISTAKES. TAKEN DOWN AT THE 42 YARD LINE. FORD AND LITTLETON STAYING WITH English: HIM TO AVOID A LONGER GAIN. THIRD DOWN AND SEVEN. >> Cris: GREAT JOB RIGHT HERE BY LITTLETON. NOT ONLY DOES HE JUMP UNDERNEATH THE THROW THAT WILSON WANTED, HAS THE ATHLETICISM TO MAKE A GREAT OPEN FIELD TACKLE. HE IS A SPECIAL GUY INSIDE. PEOPLE START TO GO TO THE POLE VAULT. DON'T TAKE YOUR EYE OFF THAT GUY. >> Al: HE DOESN'T MAKE THAT TACKLE, WILSON GETS AT LEAST TEN MORE YARDS. THIRD AND SEVEN. BLITZ COMING. AND WILSON IS TAKEN DOWN. SOONER OR LATER, 99 IS GOING TO GET YOU. AARON DONALD. CAME IN LIKE A RUNAWAY TRUCK. >> Cris: SOMETIMES IT WORKS THE OTHER WAY. WATCH FOWLER WORK INSIDE AND THEN DONALD SORT OF WORK OFF OF THE PRESSURE THAT HE CREATES. Spanish: POR PRIMERA VEZ EN EL JUEGO CORRE POR PRIMERA VEZ EN EL JUEGO OBTIENE UNAS TRES YARDAS Y SERÁ TERCER DOWN AHORA. >>> DÉJAME RECTIFICAR ESTA ESTADÍSTICA POR SEGUNDA VEZ EN EL JUEGO CORRE CON LA PELOTA . >>> HA OBTENIDO NADA MÁS ESTAS TRES YARDAS . >>> Y LA OTRA JUGADA QUE OCURRÓO NO AVANZÓ VA CON SEIS LOS RAMS Y QUIEN ESTÁ Y LLEGÓ JCLAY MATTHES Y POCO A POCO ES MUY INSISTENTE English: HE CLEARED A PATH AWAY AND GOT THE STRIKE. THOSE TWO GUYS PLAYING ON THE SAME SIDE TONIGHT HAS CREATED A LOT OF NOISE. >> Al: DICKSON IS THE PUNTER AGAIN. WEB SON THE ROOKIE, HIS FIRST RETURN OF THE SEASON. AT THE 16 YARD LINE. 1:57 LEFT IN THE THIRD AND THE RAMS ARE UP BY A DOZEN. Spanish: Y TE CAMBIA Y ES MUY FUERTE Y ESTÁ PARADO EN DIFERENTES POSICIONES EN LA LÍNEA DE GOLPEO JAARON DONALD ESTE HOMBRE SIEMPRE ESTÁ VARIANDO LAS POSICIONES . >>> TREMENDA JUGADA . >>> AHORA TIENE 10 Y MEDIO EN ESTA TEMPORADA . >>> LA TRABA LA YARDA 17 DESDE Y Spanish: COMENZARÁN JNSIMBA WEBSTER LA ATRAPA . >>> English: >> Al: "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" IS BEING BROUGHT TO YOU BY -- EARLIER THIS WEEK IN SEATTLE, TUESDAY, RUSSELL WILSON SURPRISED A GROUP OF ATHLETES WITH A SHOPPING SPREE, EACH KID English: $200 GIFT CARD. A LOCAL NONPROFIT GROUP WITH A $25,000 -- DOING TREMENDOUS WORK AS HE HAS SINCE HE WAS A ROOKIE. GURLEY RUSHED WITH A YARD. >> Cris: YOU WILL SEE SEATTLE NOW START GETTING REALLY AGGRESSIVE AND FORCE THE HAND. THEY'RE GOING TO START GOING BACK TO THREE GUYS ON EACH SIDE. BOBBY WAGNER IN THE MIDDLE. TRY TO GET HIM ISOLATED AN PROTECTED TO COME UP AND MAKE SOME PLAYS JUST LIKE THAT ONE. THEY GET THE SECOND BALL BUT WON'T HAVE NUMBER OF SACKS FROM ANYBODY IS THREE. NEED SOMEBODY TO FLASH HERE. >> Al: FLIPS THAT ONE AWAY. OUTLET WAS GURLEY AND HE WAS COVERED. REED PUT THE PRESSURE ON THE QUARTERBACK. THIRD DOWN AND NINE. Spanish: (MUSICA) UNA SOLA YARDA 69 Y HABLANDO DE 69 ESO ERAN LOS JAARON DONALD QUE TENÍA LO QUE HA HECHO ESTE HOMBRE EN ESTE CORTO ESPACIO DE TIEMPO ES IMPRESIONANTE . >>> SEGUNDO DOWN Y NUEVE . >>> LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS HAN GANADO TRES DE SUS DOS JUEGOS EN CASA . English: >> Cris: THAT SEEMS TO BE ONE OF THE THINGS THAT DOES WORK. THERE'S A GUY THAT KNOWS ABOUT PRESSURE. AARON DONALD. WHEN YOU CAN GET GUYS LIKE THAT, FREE UP THE MIDDLE, THAT'S HOW THEY GOT THE INTERCEPTION AGAINST JARED GOFF. SO BIG PLAY HERE. >> Al: YOU SEE WHERE McVAY WRITES IT OUT IN LONG HAND ON THE HARD? I JUST NOTICED THAT. SOMEBODY DOES IT FOR HIM. THIRD DOWN AND NINE. DEEP DOWN THE LEFT SIDELINE AND INCOMPLETE. FOR BRANDIN COOKS. TRE FLOWERS WAS COVERING. THAT'S A QUICK THREE AND OUT. >> Cris: THEY ASK A LOT OF TRE FLOWERS ON THE OUTSIDE. THIS YOUNG MAN WHO USED TO BE A SAFETY, REALLY GROWN IN THE DIVISION BUT THAT WAS AN Spanish: >>> HA ESTADO MUY BIEN JARED GOFF Y OPTÓ POR VOTARLA . >>> AHÍ VEMOS LAS NOTAS . >>> TERCER DOWN Y NUEVEVEM VVEMOS P VEMOS UNA Spanish: DIFÍCIL PORQUE ESTABA MUY BIEN MARCADO . >>> JBRANDIN COOKS LO ESTABA MARCANDO P BRADLEY MCDOUGALD . >>> AHÍ VIENE VA BUSCANDO HACIA LA DERECHA HASTA LA 34 AVANZÓ UNAS TRES YARDAS MÁS . >>> PDAVID MOORE BBUENO ESTE ESTADIO DE LOS ÁNGELES ABRIÓ EN 1923 HA VISTO M MÁS DE 360 PARTIDOS DE TEMPORADA REGULAR HA TENIDO DOS JUEGOS OLÍMPICOS EN EL 32 Y EN EL 84 EN EL 59 FUE LA SEDE DE LA SERIE English: OPPORTUNITY BY COOKS. HIGBEE ON THE INSIDE. SHAQUEM GRIFFIN. SEATTLE DEFENSE GETTING THE JOB DONE. THEY NEED HELP ON THE OFFENSE NOW. >> Al: SECOND -- FROM 49 -- HEKKER. FROM THE SIDELINE. PUNTING FROM THE 34 YARD LINE. THE COVERAGE IS VERY GOOD ON THE PLAY. STOPPED RIGHT ABOUT THERE. HOW ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THIS VENERABLE STADIUM OPENING IN 1923? ALMOST 100 YEARS OLD. 360 REGULAR SEASON NFL GAMES. SEVENTH MOST IN LEAGUE HISTORY. SUMMER OLYMPICS. DODGERS, WHITE SOX, FIRST SUPER BOWL PLAYED HERE. DON SHULA AND THE '72 DOLPHINS COMPLETED THE PERFECT SEASON Spanish: MUNDIAL DEL BÉISBOL Y AQUÍ ME IMPRESIONA ALGO SOLAMENTE DOS SUPER BOWLES EL PRIMERO ENTRE LAS CONFERENCIAS Y EL SUPER BOWL QUE TÚ ESTUVISTE . >>> EN EL QUE LA TEMPORADA PERFECTA DE LOS MIAMI GOLDEN 1972 LE GANARON 14 A SIETE A LOS DE WASHINGTON Y ESTE ES EL ÚLTIMO AÑO DE LOS LOS ANGELES RAMS EN ESTE ESTADIO. >>> CON EL MISMO CENTRO PCHRIS A CARSON DOWN HAY PENALIDAD EN LA JUGADA . >>> CONFERENCIA DE ÁRBITROS Y NO HEMOS TENIDO MUCHAS PENALIDADES HABÍAMOS COMENTADO ANTERIORMENTE CUATRO NADA MÁS HASTA ESTE English: WITH A WIN HERE. THERE'S THE FLAME. THE OLYMPICS, OF COURSE, WILL BE ON NBC. IN 2028. CHECK YOUR LOCAL LISTINGS. >> Cris: ON NBC FOR A LISTENING TIME. >> Al: RIGHT. WILSON LEADS THEM UP TO START THIS DRIVE FROM THE 36 YARD LINE. NOT MUCH HAPPENING THROUGH THE MIDDLE RIGHT THERE. CHRIS CARSON. FLAG IS DOWN HERE. GET THE CALL FROM HOCHULI IN A SECOND. >> Referee: AFTER THE PLAY WAS OVER, PERSONAL FOUL, UNNECESSARY ROUGHNESS. OFFENSE NUMBER 14. THE PENALTY IS HALF THE DISTANCE -- CORRECTION, THE PENALTY IS 15 YARDS. Spanish: MOMENTO. >>> UN JUEGO LIMPIO . >>> JTROY HILL FFUE EL QUE INICIÓ LA CONFRONTACIÓN Y ESO ES ALGO DE NOVATO PORQUE ESTÁN GANANDO Y NO PUEDEN DARSE EL LUJO DE COMETER ESTOS ERRORES TONTOS Y NOVATOS . >>> EL FUE EL QUE LUCIÓ EM EMPUJANDO JALEN RAMSEY Y PDK METCALF SABE DIOS QUE LE DIJO PORQUE SE ESTÁ VIENDO. >>> SEGUNDO DOWN Y TARDAS 23 . >>> WILSON TIENE PRESIÓN WILSON CAPTURA ESTÁ CERCA DE LA 37 P English: SECOND DOWN. >> Al: ON DK METCALF. >> Cris: GUESS WHO HE WAS GOING AGAINST. JALEN RAMSEY BACK THERE. IT WAS SORT OF TIT FOR TAT FOR A WHILE. I DIDN'T KNOW WHICH WAY THEY'D CALL IT. RAMSEY TOLD US, HEY, I'LL KEEP TALKING TO THOSE GUYS. IF I CAN GET THEM TO REACT, I'LL KEEP GOING. WHEN THEY DO THEY END UP WITH PENALTY YARDS. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND 23. ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU'RE A ROOKIE. THROWN AND CAUGHT. LOCKETT. RESET IS IMPORTANCE OF THE GAME. IF SEATTLE WIN IT IS GAME THEY'RE IN THE PLAYOFFS. WIN OR TIE. YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE OF A 1 SEED AND THE 5 SEED. AND THAT'S GIGANTIC. >> Cris: ESPECIALLY FOR SEATTLE. UNDEFEATED ON THE ROAD, OF English: COURSE. BUT HISTORICALLY WE KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE TO FIGURE THE PLAY CALLS IF YOU ARE AN OPPONENT IN THAT STADIUM AND OF COURSE NEW ORLEANS, THE OTHER TEAM YOU THINK ABOUT WITH THAT HUGE ADVANTAGE. SO WE'LL SEE. >> Al: RAMS BY 12. "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" RESUNLS AFTER THESE MESSAGES. Spanish: TYLER LOCKETT LO HABÍAN SILENCIADO PRÁ PRÁCTICAMENTE. >>> TERCER DOWN Y OCHO . >>> ESTÁN HABLANDO CON LA LÍNEA OFENSIVA DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAS Y ALGO INTERESANTE QUE ESECC CO Spanish: CHESEATTLE EESTÁ INVICTO . >>> ESTA ES UNA TOMA AÉREA DEL NUEVO ESTADIO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAM QUE ES UN PROYECTO QUE TIENE English: SO IT WILL BE ENCLOSED BUT THE LIGHT WILL BE ABLE TO COME IN. AND IT MAY NOT LOOK LIKE IT'S GOING TO BE READY BY NEXT SUMMER BUT THE GANG PROMISE ME IT WILL BE. THE OWNER OF THE RAMS. WHAT A DEAL. THEY WILL HOST AMONG OTHER Spanish: HOTEL Y RESTORÁN . >>> AQUÍ ESTA EL DUEÑO . >>> TERCER DOWN Y OCHO SALÉ MOVIMIENTO PJARON BROWN PAZ EVADIDA POR LA IZQUIERDA Y RESBALA PJOSH GORDON TREMENDO GOLPE QUE LE DIERON LO TRONARON . >>> RECUERDEN QUE COMENZÓ EL AÑO CON LOS ATLETAS CORPULENTO UN RECEPTOR MUY CORPULENTO SE LLEÓO CON ÉL PJOSH GORDON A JTROY HILL DOWN Y OTRA VA HACIA LA IZQUIERDA Y English: THINGS THE SUPER BOWL THERE FOLLOWING THE 2021 SEASON. THE HOME OF THE RAMS. THIRD DOWN AND EIGHT. FALLING DOWN IS ERIC WEDDLE. GORDON WAS THE INTENDED RECEIVER. IT IS FOURTH DOWN. >> Cris: SO WELL DESIGNED HERE BY WADE PHILLIPS TO GET THAT PRESSURE. THEY BRING SOMEBODY TO OCCUPY CARSON DOWN THE MIDDLE AND WEDDLE OFF THE EDGE. THIS IS THAT KIND OF NIGHT TONIGHT FOR SEATTLE. JOSH GORDON CAN'T SEEM TO -- >> Al: DICKSON'S FIFTH PUNT. DRIFTING OVER TO HIS LEFT. THE FLAG IS THROWN. English: A CATCH AT THE 10. SEE ABOUT THE PENALTY CALL HERE IN A MOMENT. THERE HAVE BEEN FOUR ACCEPTED PENALTIES AGAINST SEATTLE TONIGHT AND ONE AGAINST THE RAMS. >> Cris: THERE WAS A GOOD FIST FIGHT GOING ON DOWN THE FIELD THERE WITH RAMSEY AND BLAIR. >> Referee: DURING THE KICK HOLDING BY THE RECEIVING TEAM NUMBER 20. THE PENALTY IS HALF THE DISTANCE TO THE GOAL FROM THE END OF THE KICK FIRST DOWN. >> Al: PLAYOFF PICTURE, SO THE 49ers AT THE MOMENT WIN TODAY. GREEN BAY AND NEW ORLEANS HEAD THEIR DIVISIONS. AT THE MOMENT SEATTLE AND MINNESOTA WOULD BE THE WILD CARDS. BUT THE RAMS ARE TRYING TO GET TO 8-5. THEY WOULD BE A GAME BACK OF MINNESOTA AND A LOT CAN HAPPEN BETWEEN NOW AND THEN BUT IF THE RAMS CATCH MINNESOTA AND HAVE THE SAME RECORD IT LOOKS LIKE THE RAMS WOULD OWN THE TIEBREAKER. Spanish: LA ATRAPA LE DIERON DURÍSIMO J 4 NSIMBA WEBSTER SOLTÓ LA PELOTA PERO HAY UN PAÑUELO VAMOS A VER EN CONTRA DE QUIENES LA PENALIDAD VA HABER UN GOLPE MUY TARDE . >>> ESTÁN ENTRE ESTOS DOS ENFRASCADOS . >>> JALEN RAMSEY Y PMARQUISE BLAIR . >>> ESTOS SON LOS LÍDERES DE LA DIVISIÓN SAN FRANCISCO QUE TIENEN ESTOS MOMENTOS MEDIO JUEGO SOBRE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS SSI PIERDEN ENTONCES APLÁSICA English: >> Cris: A LOT OF PRESSURE ON BOTH TEAMS. A LOT MORE ON THE RAMS. >> Al: MALCOM BROWN IS THE RUNNING BACK. HE GETS SWALLOWED UP BY BOBBY WAGNER BEFORE THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE. AND SLOW GETTING UP IS AL WOODS. >> Cris: MORE AND MORE THEY'RE ABLE TO GET BOBBY WAGNER ISOLATED AND PROTECTED, YOU WANT HIM TO RUN SIDELINE TO SIDELINE AND SO GOOD AT DECIPHERING HIM. THE BEST OF LINEBACKERS PLAY IT JUST LIKE THEY'RE A RUNNING BACK ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE BALL. SO THEY'RE NOT NECESSARILY EVEN LOOKING FOR THE BACK. THEY'RE LOOKING FOR THE HOLE AND WHEN THEY SEE THE HOLE THEY RUN TO IT BECAUSE THEY KNOW THAT'S WHAT THE RUNNING BACK WILL SEE, TOO. Spanish: TENDRÍA UN JUEGO DE VENTAJA GREEN BAY QUE TIENE UN JUEGO DE VENTAJA SOBRE MINNESOTA NI OR ORLEANS QUE YA ES LÍDER . >>> Y DALLAS HA SIDO UN FRACASO EN LA DIVISIÓN . >>> LE ENTREGA LA FLOTA NO ES FÁCIL JMALCOLM BROWN SE LES DÉ POR ENCIMA Y PAL WOOS DT SE LEVANTA LENTAMENTE. >>> LO TIENEN PSHAQUILL GRIFFIN English: >> Al: AS SMART OF A LINEBACKER THERE IS IN THE LEAGUE. HARD TO BELIEVE IN A WAY THAT HE WAS THE EIGHTH LINEBACKER CHOSEN IN THE DRAFT. >> Cris: THEY BET THE MONEY ON THE SUPERSTAR OF EACH SIDE OF THE BALL. BOBBY WAGNER AND RUSSELL WILSON ON THE OFFENSIVE SIDE. >> Al: OFF THE FAKE. ROLLING OUT. THROWING, CAUGHT. HIGBEE. TO THE 39 YARD LINE AND WAGNER ALL THE WAY DOWN FIELD TO STOP HIM THERE. TYLER HIGBEE COMES UP HUGE HERE FOR A GAIN OF 32. >> Cris: HE WILL ACT LIKE HE BLOCKS AND THEN COME BACK OUT VERY LATE BECAUSE YOU GOT THE CROSSER TO GO INTO THAT SEAM AND MORE AND MORE TEAMS NOW ARE DOING THIS. THEY'RE HAVING SOMEBODY THAT JUST SORT OF STAYS INSIDE AND EVERYBODY MOVES ACROSS WITH THE QUARTERBACK. >> Al: SEVEN RECEPTIONS FOR 116. A BIG GAME IN ARIZONA LAST WEEK. Spanish: LO ATRAPAN PBOBBY WAGNER AÑOS CONSECUTIVOS HACIENDO MÁS DE 100 TACOS . >>> TIENE MÁS DE 1000. >>> HAY QUE TENER UNA SALUD Y EVITAR LESIONARTE PARA HACER ESOS TACOS . >>> UN TREMENDO JUGADOR . >>> PBOBBY WAGNER VA PASAR POR LA DERECHA LANZA EL PASE LO TIENE JTYLER HIGBEE LA LLEVA A LA YARDA 37 DEBE ESTAR SOBRE LAS ENVIADAS SINO LAS SOBREPASÓ . >>> MUY BIEN DISEÑADA LA JUGADA UNA VEZ MÁS SE SUELTA VENDE LA MENTIRA DE QUE VA A BLOQUEAR Y SE CONVIERTEN UN RECEPTOR Y COMO TODO EL MUNDO SE CONCENTRA EN LA JUGADA LO DEJA SOLO A ÉL EN EL Spanish: MEDIO. >>> 116 ESTA NOCHE HA CAPTURADO SIETE PACES JTYLER HIGBEE . >>> AVANZA UNA SIETE YARDAS APROXIMADAMENTE TERCERA VEZ QUE CORRE CON EL BALÓN ESTA NOCHE J JOSH REYNOLDS MIREN LOS RECEPTORES DE LOS RLO ANGELES RAMS SON TAMBIÉN EXCELENTES CORREDORES CON EL BALÓN COMO SI FUERAN LAS LIBRES DE LA LIGA . >>> PASE QUE CAPTURA ESTÁ SOLO J JROBERT WOODS Y SE CAYÓ. >>> PRIMER DOWN Y MUCHÍSIMO MÁS . >>> MUY ASTUTO SE CAE PERO SE LEVANTA MIRA LO QUE SUCEDE . English: HERE WE GO AGAIN WITH JOSH REYNOLDS. THIS IS THE THIRD TIME THAT PLAY IS WORKING SUCCESSFULLY. A GAIN OF EIGHT HERE. GRIFFIN MAKES A TACKLE. >> Cris: THE RAMS WIDE RECEIVERS HAVE THE MOST CARRIES IN THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE THIS YORE AND ONE OF THE REASONS THAT McVAY KEEPS THE WIDE RECEIVERS. LOOK HOW TIGHT THE FORMATION IS. NOT ONLY ATTACK WITH REVERSES BUT ATTACK ACROSS THE FIELD. >> Al: WIDE OPEN. ROBERT WOODS. HE GETS UP AND TAKES THE BALL TO THE 35 YARD LINE. MAMMOTH FIRST QUARTER. AND GOOD FIRST HALF. PICKS UP A SEVENTH CATCH. >> Cris: THESE LINEBACKERS REACT BECAUSE THERE'S SOMEBODY THAT RUNS UNDERNEATH THEM. WAGNER REACTS TO WOODS THERE. Spanish: >>> SE OLVIDAN Y ELLOS ESPERAN A VER SI VA A PASAR O VA A CORRER O QUE VA HACER. >>> JARED GOFF English: MUNDT SHOWED UP AND JUMPED THAT AND THEN WOODS WIDE OPEN BEHIND HIM. >> Al: THERE'S CODY BARTON GETTING THE START BECAUSE KENDRICKS IS HURT. WE'LL STEP AWAY FOR A MOMENT. Spanish: SE CAE HACIA ATRÁS PIERDE EL BALANCE AQUÍ ESTÁ ATENDIENDO AL NOVATO DE YUIUUTAH (MUSICA) (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( (MÚSICA( EN 1999 TREMENDO CON REBAG Y B TRABAJABA COMO EN LOS English: >> Al: "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL" BROUGHT TO YOU BY -- 20th ANNIVERSARY OF THE GREATEST SHOW ON TURF. RECORD BREAKING RAMS OFFENSIVE 1999. WEPT ON TO BEAT THE TITANS. KURT WARNER. DICK VERMEIL. SUPER BOWL ENDED AT THE ONE YARD LINE AND A TACKLE. THAT WAS THE REMAKE OF THE -- COULDN'T GET IT IN. MEANWHILE YOU HAVE ROBERT WOODS HERE. English: THERE HE GOES AGAIN. TO THE 20 YARD LINE. 16-YARD RUN. >> Cris: WATCH THE BALL HANDLING HERE AS YOU SEE GOFF HAND IT OFF BUT THEN CONTINUE ON WITH THE FAKE DRAWING THE LINEBACKERS THAT WAY SO THIS REVERSE AND ONE FORM OF ANOTHER TONIGHT HAD A HUGE IMPACT ON THE GAME. >> Al: RIGHT BACK IN THERE. GOFF HAS THROWN 293 YARDS. >> Cris: SEE IF THEY GO OFF TACKLE. >> Al: INSTEAD THEY RUN. SAME BASIC PLAY. AND WOODS SETS UP A FIRST AND GOAL AT THE SIX-YARD LINE. SO REYNOLDS CARRIED THREE TIMES TONIGHT AND WOODS WIDE RECEIVER TWICE TONIGHT. >> Cris: THEY REDUCE DOWN AND BRING EVERYBODY INSIDE AND SO GOFF YOU SAW HIM TAP THE HELMET AS IF TO SAY, ALL RIGHT, WE Spanish: SUPERMERCADO . >>> AHÍ SE LA ENTREGAN A JROBER WOODS COMO TÚ LO HAS INDICADO NÚMERO UNO LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS UT UTILIZANDO A LOS RECEPTORES COMO CORREDORES . >>> SON MUY BUENOS . >>> ESTA VERSATILIDAD QUE LE DAN A LA OFENSIVA ES LO QUE LE HA HECHO A LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS ÚNICOS Y ESPECIAL. >>> UN SOLO CORREDOR OTRA VEZ 1 JROBERT WOODS CON LA PELOTA LA LLEVA HASTA LA YARDA SIETE . >>> SIEMPRE COMO EL TRAGAR TÚ LE DICE ESTÁ QUE LA VOY A CAMBIAR Spanish: DEJA QUE ELLOS LA DESQUITEN Y TE DETENGAN DEFENSIVAMENTE QUE BUEN BLOQUEO . >>> Y ESTOS LO QUE ESTÁ HACIENDO ESTA LÍNEA FUNCIONANDO MUY BIEN EN EL BLOQUEO . >>> SE VAN POR EL LADO IZQUIERDO Y JROBERT WOODS LE DERECHO. >>> CASI CINCO YARDAS . >>> SE LA ENTREGAN AHORA A J3 JTODD GURLEY II Y ES TOUCH DOWN POR AQUÍ ENTRO AL OTRO ESTÁ English: WON'T GO IN THERE. ALMOST ALL TEAMS CALL TWO PLAYS AT THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE AND THAT WAS A NICE PLAY ON THE PART OF GOFF. >> Al: GURLEY BACK IN. THIS DRIVE STARTED AT THE RAMS FIVE YARD LINE. GURLEY SWINGS TO THE OUTSIDE. STIFF ARM INTO THE END ZONE HE GOES TO THE TOUCHDOWN! 50 TDs IN THE LAST 3 YEARS. PUT HIS HAND ON TRE FLOWERS AND SAID GET OUT OF HERE. 95-YARD, 7 PLAYS. >> Cris: FLOWERS WILL GET A FACIAL ON THAT ONE. THAT WAS AN UGLY ONE, TOO. PLAYING AGAINST GURLEY YOU HAVE TO KNOW STIFF ARM IS COMING SO YOU HAVE TO KNOCK THAT HAND DOWN OR GO STRAIGHT FOR THE KNEES. English: IF YOU OPT FOR PLAN "C," YOU'LL GET EMBARRASSED. >> Al: SEAHAWKS UNABLE TO CAPITALIZE ON A COUPLE OF TURNOVERS, AN OPPORTUNITY AND THE RAMS THEN SAY WE'LL GO 95. 11:07 LEFT IN REGULATION. L.A. UP 28-9. Spanish: NOCHES DOS TOUCH DOWN LO HIZO TAMBIÉN EN OCTUBRE CUANDO VIAJÓ A LO SEATTLE ANOTO 2 TOUCH DOWN . >>> EL PUNTO ES BUENO JTODD English: >> Al: THIS WEEKEND NFL PLAYERS ARE WEARING THE HEARTS ON THEIR FEET IN SUPPORT OF PERSONAL CAUSES FOR MY CAUSE MY CLEATS. VISIT NFL.COM MY CAUSE MY CLEATS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE CAUSES THAT THE PLAYERS ARE SUPPORTING. LEARN HOW TO VOLUNTEER FOR THE Spanish: GURLEY II 76 YARDAS CORRIDAS A ESTA NOCHE. >>> (MUSICA) English: CAUSE. AT THE 25. WE GO TO MICHELE. >> Michele: ROBERT WOODS' CLEATS BEAR THE NAME OF HIS SISTER OLIVIA FOR MAKE A WISH FOUNDATION. MAKE A WISH GRANTED HER A $5,000 SHOPPING SPREE. ROBERT SAID A STRETCH LI LIMOUSINE TOOK THEM SHOPPING AND REMEMBERS OLIVIA BEING EXCITED TO BUY A FIRST LAPTOP AND BOUGHT EVERYONE ELSE A GIFT, TOO, AL. SOUNDS LIKE SHE WAS A GIFT, AS WELL. >> Al: I BET. THAT'S A GREAT CAUSE AND WE SEE A LOT OF THOSE KIDS WHO COME AROUND TO GAMES FROM TIME TO TIME. GIVE THEM A THRILL. >> Cris: THE NFL IS GREAT, TOO. BREAK DOWN THE HUDDLE AND THE TEAM WITH PRACTICE AND ALL THE DIFFERENT THINGS. PRETTY AWESOME. >> Al: CHRIS CARSON, A FIVE-YARD GAIN. ON THAT RECEPTION. Spanish: QUE INTERESANTE LAS ZAPATILLAS MI CAUSA MUY ORIGINAL . >>> AHÍ VIENE LA PATADA DE GREG ZUERLEIN LE PEGÓ CON TODO COMIENZAN EN LA YARDA 25 SI NO ME EQUIVOCO NO SE HA RETORNADO NI UNA SOLA PATADA ESTA NOCHE ESTÁ JROBERT WOODS AHÍ ESTÁ LA ZAPATILLA DE JROBER WOODS SU HERMANA MURIÓ DE CÁNCER. >>>MAKE A WISH ES UNA OBLIGACIÓN QUE LLEVA MUCHOS AÑOS CONCEDIENDO LOS DESEOS DE PERSONAS QUE MUCHOS DE ELLOS ESTÁN TERMINALES . English: SEATTLE HAS TO COME UP WITHOUT A HUDDLE AND GET IT GOING. NO OFFENSIVE TOUCHDOWN TONIGHT FOR THEM. CARSON TAKES IT UP TO THE 34 YARD LINE. >> Cris: COMING INTO THIS DRIVE RAMS 433 YARDS TONIGHT. SEAHAWKS 188. WE HAVE NOT SEEN THE MAGIC TONIGHT FROM RUSSELL WILSON THAT WE HAVE SEEN SO MANY OTHER NIGHTS WITH THE SCRAMBLE, THROW IT DEEP. WE HAVEN'T SEEN IT. >> Al: THIRD AND ONE. ABLE TO PIROUETTE THE WAY FOR A THREE-YARD GAIN AND A FIRST DOWN. >> Cris: AL, I THINK THIS RAMS DEFENSE IN PARTICULAR FOR WADE PHILLIPS, THEIR SECONDARY, IS MUCH MORE THE WAY THAT PHILLIPS WANTS TO PLAY. MUCH MORE MAN COVERAGE. MUCH MORE IN YOUR FACE. >> Al: WILSON FIRES AND LOCKETT. INTO L.A. TERRITORY. FOR A FIRST DOWN THERE. AT THE 44 YARD LINE AND A PICKUP OF 19 YARDS. Spanish: >>> PASE CORTO POR EL CENTRO AVANZA CASI CINCO YARDAS EN ESTA JUGADA PCHRIS CARSON >>> VA A COMPLETAR 16 DE 24 SE LA ENTREGAN PCHRIS CARSON SE QUEDA CORTO POR UNA YARDA . >>> NO ENTIENDO . >>> Y SI DE VERDAD ESTÁ BUSCANDO GANAR ESTE JUEGO NO ESTÁ MAL PERO TIENES QUE APRESURARTE . >>> AHORA EL RELOJ ESTO ENEMIGO MUÉVETE. >>> TERCER DOWN OOTRA VEZ PCHRIS CARSON TIENES QUE CANTAR LA JUGADA LA M MISMA LÍNEA DE IMPACTO . >>>PCHRIS CARSON CON 71 YARDAS CORRIDA . >>> PASE POR EL CENTRO ESTÁ COMPLETAMENTE SOLO PTYLER LOCKET Spanish: LA CAPTURA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS NNO LES PUEDEN QUITAR EL PIE DEL ACELERADOR A LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS VA HACIA ATRÁS TIENE PRESIÓN TITUBEA Y ESTÁ EL QSAQUE EL SEGUNDO DE ESTA NOCHE DE EL NIGERIANO VIENE DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE WASHINGTON JSAMSN EBUKAM VVA HACIA ATRÁS SEGUNDO DOWN Y LO QUE EL PADRE EN LA LÍNEA DE English: >> Cris: WHAT THEY NEED IS ZONE DEFENSE AND NICE JOB BY WILSON. READING IT AN FINDING IT. THEY'RE STAYING IN THE ZONE SO MORE OPPORTUNITIES. >> Al: WILSON. STARTS TO BREAK DOWN AND DOWN HE GOES. A BIG PLAY HERE. AN EASTERN WASHINGTON GUY COMING BACK TO HAUNT THE TEAM FROM WASHINGTON. >> Cris: GOOD PLAY HERE. AS MUCH A COVERAGE BACK SNAP AS ANYTHING ELSE. THERE'S NOTHING THERE DOWN FIELD. EVERYBODY KNOWS THAT HE LIKES TO ESCAPE OUT THE BACK OF THE POCKET. >> Al: EBUKAM WITH TWO SACKS AND DONALD WITH THAT DEFLECTED PASS. THIRD AND 22. >> Cris: I TELL YOU. NOBODY DEVELOPS PASS RUSHERS LIKE WADE PHILLIPS DOES. English: NOBODY PLAYS ON THE INTERIOR LIKE AARON DONALD DOES. BACK TO BACK DEFENSIVE PLAYERS OF THE YEAR AND HE MAY GET THREE IN A ROW. J.J. >> Al: WHITWORTH GETTING THE CROWD INTO IT. THIRD AND 22. HERE COMES DONALD AGAIN BUT THEY RIDE HIM OUT OF THE PLAY AND WILSON THROWS DEEP DOWN FIELD AND IT IS GOING TO BE A CATCH. BY DK MET CALF WITH RAMSEY RIGHT THERE AND WEDDLE, AS WELL. ON A THIRD DOWN AND 22. >> Cris: RAMSEY'S GOING TO TRY TO MAKE A BIG PLAY HERE. SEES THE OUT CUT. JUMP IT AND GO TO THE INTERCEPTION AND JUST GET UP THE BOUNDARY. THAT'S A MAGIC THEY NEEDED RIGHT THERE. >> Al: 35 YARDS. Spanish: IMPACTO . >>> JAARON DONALD TERCER DOWN Y 22 . >>> EN REALIDAD TORCIDAS LOS NÚMEROS DE WILSON Y NO SON TERRIBLES . >>> TERCER DOWN Y MUCHAS YARDAS 22 . >>> VA COMPRESIÓN LANZA EL PASE LARGO POR LA IZQUIERDA Y LA ATRAPÓ PDK METCALF EL TRES Y ESO ERA TODO LO QUE NECESITABA UNA JUGADA DE ESTA ÍNDOLE . >>> VIENE EN EL ESPACIO QUE LE DAN DE CASI 10 YARDAS . >>> QUE BÁRBARO SE GIRA Y Spanish: CAPTURA CUATRO PARA 63 YARDAS . >>> PDK METCALF . >>> SERÁ SEGUNDO EN EL TERRENO DE JUEGO ESTÁ FUERA. >>> NECESITABAN 22 DE RESTA Y O CONSIGUIERON 35 . >>> CINCO PASES PARA 69 YARDAS J1NSIMBA VIENE CON TODO IZQUIERDA CORRE CON LA PELOTA Y SE QUEDA UN POCO CORTO VAMOS A VER QUÉ DICE EL ÁRBITRO . >>> RUSSELL WILSON CCOMO SE ESCAPÓ VISTE COMO SE RATO COMPLETAMENTE HASTA >>> UN CORE BAG QUE NO ES DE LO English: AND NOW METCALF AGAIN TACKLED INBOUNDS THERE BY RAMSEY. SO THEY NEEDED 22 AND GOT 35. TO AT LEAST KEEP THEM BREATHING. SECOND AND SEVEN. WILSON. IN TRAFFIC. ESCAPE. FINALLY RUN OUT AND CLOSE TO PICKING UP THE FIRST DOWN. SO RUSSELL WILSON JOSTLED. ALMOST SACKED AS HE HAS BEEN A MILLION TIMES IN THE CAREER AND GETS AWAY WITH IT. >> Cris: LITTLETON COMING ON A BLITZ HERE AND GETS A HAND ON WILSON BUT AS WE HAVE LEARNED SO MANY TIMES IN THE PAST THAT IS NOT ENOUGH BUT THE OTHER THING IT DOES WHEN HE STARTS SCRAMBLING, DEFENSIVE LINE MEN GET TIRED. Spanish: MÁS ALTOS DE LA LIGA . >>> FUE GRABADO PORQUE EL CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD ES OTRO. >>> Y ES EL PRIMER DOWN >>> TERCERA VEZ QUE CORRE CON LA PELOTA . >>> AHORA TIENE 10 YARDAS CORRIDAS ESTA NOCHE. >>> TITUBEA SE ABRE POR LA DERECHA PASE A LA ESQUINA DERECHA LA ATRAPÓ PJACOB HOLLISTER PENALIDAD PARECE QUE ESTABA FUERA DEL TERRENO DE JUEGO. >>> VAMOS A VER DE QUÉ SE TRATA LA INFRACCIÓN. >>> ESTA ES UN PRIMER AÑO CON 7 PMIKE IUPATI J English: THAT TAKES A LOT OF WORK TO CHASE HIM FOR FIVE SECONDS. >> Al: TENTH PLAY OF THE DRIVE. WILSON. ESCAPING AGAIN. A FLAG IS DOWN AND THAT IS JACOB HOLLISTER BUT IT'S ALL ABOUT THE PENALTY NOW. HOLLISTER IN THE BACK CORNER OF THE END ZONE. >> Referee: HOLING, OFFENSE NUMBER 70. TEN-YARD PENALTY. REPLAY FIRST DOWN. >> Al: TEN-YEAR VETERAN MIKE IUPATI. >> Cris: ANOTHER ONE OF THE LOOPS. IUPATI HERE. SEE THE HOLD. WHEN THE LOOP COMES AROUND TOWARD HIM, GETS A LITTLE INSIDE Spanish: CON LOS CARDENALES TAMBIÉN ESTUVO 15 CON LOS SAN FRANCISCO . >>> MOVIMIENTO ILEGAL . >>> FUE EN CONTRA. >>> QUE ES DE PADRES NIGERIANOS PBEN BURR-KIRVEN HIJO DE NIGERIANOSHAY MUCHAS English: EDGE AND ABLE TO GET THE STRAIGHTFORWARD PATH. IUPATI JUST GRABBED. >> Al: AARON DONALD IN THE GRAB. FIRST DOWN AND 20 NOW. OH MAN. SO OF COURSE IT'S IUPATI TO CONTEND IT WAS THE RAMS WHO CAME FIRST. >> Referee: FALSE START. OFFENSE NUMBER 65. FIVE-YARD PENALTY. STILL FIRST DOWN. >> Al: YOU HAVE A HOLD. YOU HAVE A FALSE START. AND MAKES IT FIRST DOWN AND 25. >> Cris: NO DOUBT THAT FOWLER MOVES. WHETHER HE CROSSED THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE OR NOT WOULD BE THE QUESTION. >> Al: SIX PENALTIES TONIGHT. ON THE SEAHAWKS. TWO AGAINST THE RAMS. >> Cris: YOU COULD MAKE A CASE Spanish: NIGERIANOS EN LA NFL. >>> PRIMERDOWN Y 25 YARDAS. >>> EN FORMACIÓN PASE DURO POR EL CENTRO PJACOB HOLLISTER HASTA LA YARDA 16 . >>> SIGUE CAMINANDO EL RELOJ . >>> AHORA VAN A TRATAR DE AVANZAR. >>> AHÍ VA. >>> SEGUNDO ROUND Y 15 NO LA PUDO ATRAPAR. >>> CUATRO JUGADORES DEFENSIVOS ENCIMA DEL. English: OF WHO INITIATED IT. >> Al: FIRST AND 25. WILSON UP THE MIDDLE. HOLLISTER THE TIGHT END. TAKEN DOWN BY RAPP. PICKS UP TEN. SECOND AND 15. HALFWAY THROUGH THE FOURTH QUARTER. WILSON IN THE END ZONE. COVERAGE THERE. INCOMPLETE. INTENDED FOR HOLLISTER. FOUR BLUE SHIRTS AROUND HIM. THIRD DOWN AND 15. >> Cris: HOWARD LEADS THIS TEAM IN SPECIAL TEAM TACKLES AND TREMENDOUS COVERAGE DOWN THE FIELD. THEY HAVE BEEN THROUGH INSIDE LINEBACKERS. LITTLETON THIS YEAR. STICKING THAT HAND BETWEEN THE HANDS OF HOLLISTER IS HOW YOU English: WANT TO PLAY THAT. >> Al: THIRD AND 15. FOUR WIDE HERE. HOLLISTER COMES INSIDE. WILSON FIRES. TOO HIGH. INCOMPLETE. TURNER. IT HAD COVERAGE ON THE PLAY. FROM TROY HILL AND IT'S FOURTH DOWN AND 15. >> Cris: YOU KNOW, THAT'S A PLAY THEY SHOULD HAVE HIT. IT REALLY WAS. TURNER JUST DIDN'T GET HIS HEAD AROUND IN TIME. I THOUGHT WILSON THREW A PRETTY GOOD BALL. THIS IS A STRICTLY TIMING THROW HERE. WILSON GETS RID OF IT QUICKLY AND NEEDS TO SNAP THAT HEAD AROUND. >> Al: WILL GO FOR THREE BECAUSE THE FIELD GOAL IF THEY MAKE IT AT LEAST MAKES IT A TWO-POSSESSION GAME. 16 POINTS. THIS KICK IS JUST INSIDE THE LEFT UPRIGHT FROM 34 AWAY. IT IS 28-12. SEVEN MINUTES TO GO. Spanish: >>> ESTABA PJACOB HOLLISTER CONTRA JTRAVIN HOWARD METIÓ LA MANO. >>> TERCER ROUND Y 15 . >>> UNA HABÍA. >>> TIENE LA PELOTA RUSSELL WILSON PASE DURO IBA EN BUSCA DE PMALI TURNER QUE HACES PARTE O TE ACERCAS. >>> TODAVÍA ES MUY TEMPRANO. >>> YA TIENE UNO DE 39 YARDAS HOY JASON MYERS NO MUY LARGO . >>> NO ESTABA PENDIENTE NO ESTABA AHÍ. >>> ESTE ES DE 34 . Spanish: >>> ACORTANDO DISTANCIA SEATTLE SEAHAWKS Spanish: LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS GANAN 28 12 . >>> (MUSICA) PARTIDAZO EL PRÓXIMO DOMINGO LOS BÚFALO CONTRA LOS STEELS EN ESTOS MOMENTOS ESTÁN EN LOS PLAYOFFS PERO NO ESTÁN ASE ASEGURADOS . >>> COMO ESTÁN LAS COSAS ES DECIR EN ES UN JUEGO DE SUMA English: >> Al: NEXT SUNDAY NIGHT WE GO TO THE BURGH. DON'T FORGET SUNDAY NIGHT. LOG ON FOR THE SPORTS PREDICTOR APP. MIKE TOMLIN DID A FANTASTIC JOB WITH THE STEELERS. >> Cris: SECOND APPEARANCE FOR DUCK. >> Al: AGAINST THE CHARGERS. SOCAL IN WEEK SIX. THREE YARD LINE. HENDERSON. SPUN AROUND AND KNOCKED DOWN AT THE 17 YARD LINE. English: >> Cris: LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE NEXT GEN STATS AND WHAT HAS BEEN THE STORY PRETTY GOOD INSIDE THE POCKET. RIGHT? WE HAVE SEEN GOFF MAKE SOME PLAYS. TWO INTERCEPTIONS. OUTSIDE THE POCKET HE IS MASTERFUL. REALLY WON DID GAME. HE DID LAST WEEK, AS WELL. SO GETTING HIM ON THE MOVE CERTAINLY UPGRADED HIS PERFORMANCE AND YOU CAN SEE THE CONFIDENCE, ESPECIALLY COMING OUT TONIGHT WAS SKY HIGH AFTER THAT GAME LAST WEEK. >> Al: THE RAMS PROBABLY TRYING TO TAKE A LITTLE TIME OFF THE CLOCK. ON THE GROUND. SO PARTNER, CALLING YOU PARTNER TO DEVELOP A TEXAS TWANG. THE RAMS NEXT WEEK ARE IN DALLAS. NOT THAT ANYTHING IS GOING ON IN DALLAS. RIGHT? >> Cris: RIGHT. Spanish: IMPORTANCIA . >>> LA PATADA Y LA CAPTURA A LA YARDA CUATRO LE DAN DURO Y LA LLEGA HASTA LA YARDA 16 JARED GOFF FUERA DEL ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN DE 134 YARDAS Y UN TOUCH DOWN ES MUY LETAL . >>> ES UN PELIGRO CUANDO SE SALE . English: >> Al: GOING TO BE CRAZY. >> Cris: IT IS AND WE REALLY HAVE A TEAM WITH A LITTLE BIT OF AN UPTICK RIGHT NOW WITH THE RAMS. IT'S EASY TO SAY THAT ABOUT THE OFFENSE BUT IN MY OPINION WHAT CHANGED THE MOST ARE THE CHANGES IN THE SECONDARY HAS MADE THIS A MUCH MORE COMPLETE DEFENSE AND IF YOU PAY ATTENTION TO SOMETHING WITH THE RAMS PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT THEY HAVE DONE ON DEFENSE TONIGHT. SIX POINTS ALLOWED SO FAR. >> Al: SECOND DOWN AND NINE. GURLEY. WE TALKED ABOUT IT A COUPLE OF TIMES IN THE EARLIER PART OF THE GAME ABOUT SO OFTEN THE RAMS DEFENSE IS TREMENDOUS AND THEN THEY HAVE THE TWO CRAZY CLUNKERS AGAINST TAMPA BAY AND BALTIMORE. BOTH HERE. WADE PHILLIPS WHO'S SEEN IT ALL. >> Cris: HE HAS INDEED. GREAT SUPER BOWL PERFORMANCE Spanish: >>> PRIMER AL ATAQUE AVANZA UNA SOLA YARDA AHORA TIENE 77 JTODD GURLEY II AHORA ES LO QUE VAN A TRABAJAR QUE ES EL RELOJ A TRATAR DE CORRER Y CORRER . >>> LA PRÓXIMA SEMANA LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS VISITAR A CAROLINA DESPUÉS RECIBEN LA VISITA DE ARIZONA Y RECIBEN EN EL ÚLTIMO JUEGO DE LA TEMPORADA A SAN FRANCISCO QUE DEBE SER UN PARTIDAZO . >>> POR LA DIMENSIÓN Y MIENTRAS MÁS TIEMPO VA PASANDO Y LOS EQUIPOS VAN EN GRAN ANO Y SE VAN RECONOCIENDO LAS QUÍMICAS EL EQUIPO ES MÁS CONCENTRADO Y MUCHO MEJOR. >>> AHÍ VA LO FRENADO EN SECO 3 English: AGAINST NEW ENGLAND. DIDN'T HAVE THE DAY THEY WERE HOPING FOR. DEVELOPING TAYLOR RAPP. THAT IS GOOD DEFENSE AND A BETTER SECONDARY THAN WHAT THEY WERE. >> Al: THIRD AND NINE. THEY'LL WHISTLE THE PLAY CLOCK WAS ALL THE WAY DOWN. >> Referee: BEFORE THE SNAP, TIMEOUT. LOS ANGELES. THEIR FIRST. 30-SECOND TIMEOUT. >> Al: THAT RAM "D" FEAST OR FAMINE. GAMES ALLOWING 13 OR FEWER AND ON THE WAY TO ANOTHER ONE TONIGHT IF THEY HOLD THEM WITHOUT A POINT. 35 OR MORE, 2. WINSTON LIT THEM UP AND THEN LAMAR JACKSON CAME TO TOWN. FIRST TIME 35 OR MORE IN MULTIPLE HOME GAMES. IT IS ONE WAY OR THE OTHER. Spanish: JTODD GURLEY II TRES NU TERCERO Y NUEVE . >>> SE DETIENE LA JUGADA . >>> TIEMPO FUERA. Spanish: >>> LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS 2 VECS 45 PUNTOS O MAS TERCERA VUELTA Y NUEVE . >>> ESTOS SON LOS CORE BAG JTRO HILL SIGA MIRANDO EL RELOJ DE LA JUGADA VA POR NUEVE SEGUNDOS VA POR LA DERECHA JTODD GURLEY II HASTA LA 20 . >>> QUE INTELIGENTE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS COMO SIGUEN E EXPRIMIENDO EL RELOJ . >>> ESTA NAVIDAD POR MÁS DE DOS English: >> Cris: SEASON HIGH SIX SACKS LAST WEEK, FOUR TONIGHT. THE BETTER COVERAGE ALLOWING MORE TIME. GETTING MORE PRESSURED. AND THAT'S BEEN THE FORMULA OVER THE YEARS. >> Al: THIRD DOWN AND NINE. GURLEY. SEATTLE NEEDED TO GET THEM ON A THREE AND OUT AND THEY DID. WILL GET THE BALL BACK AND THE CLOCK RUNS DOWN TO ABOUT FIVE MINUTES TO GO IN REGULATION. >> Cris: WE HAVE SEEN SO MANY GAMES OF RUSSELL WILSON. YOU KNOW? WHERE YOU KIND OF GO, WOW. THERE'S SEVEN OR EIGHT WOW PLAYS IN THE COURSE OF THE GAME. WE HAVE SEEN A COUPLE BUT NOT LIKE WE HAVE SEEN IN THE PAST. HE'S BEEN GREAT THIS YEAR. HE AND LAMAR JACKSON BY FAR THE TWO FRONT-RUNNERS FOR MVP RIGHT NOW. >> Cris: PACE SLOWED A LITTLE English: BIT FOR RUSSELL THE LAST THREE GAMES. >> Al: HEKKER. THE BALL IS OUT! CHASING IT ARE THE SEAHAWKS AND GOING TO GET THERE FIRST. 4:30 TO GO IN THE FOURTH. Spanish: TOUCH DOWN .. >>> SERÍAN 16 PUNTOS AHÍ VIENE J JOHNNY HEKKER SE LE CAYÓ LA PELOTA Y LA TIENE LA RECUPERA JMIKE THOMAS . >>> Y LE PEGAN AL NOVATO DE Spanish: OREGÓN PDAVID MOORE . >>> (MUSICA) English: >> Al: IN THE NFC WEST, SAN FRANCISCO 11-2. SEATTLE CAN COME FROM BEHIND. THE RAMS GO TO 8-5. AND THE RAMS WOULD STILL BE OUT OF A WILD CARD POSITION BUT ONLY Spanish: PERFECTO LUEGO DE SU VICTORIA DE HOY ESTÁ ARRIBA DE SEATTLE SEAHAWKS SI CAEN VAN AL SEGUNDO LUGAR E T ESTÁN ELLOS EN PRIMERO PORQUE YA LE GANARON A SAN FRANCISCO . >>> AHORA QUE EN EL SEGUNDO LUGAR AHÍ ESTÁ LO PERSIGUEN CORRE POR LA PELOTA Y SE DEJA CAER RUSSELL WILSON LLUEGO DE AVANZAR UNA YARDA . >>> EL RESTO DE EL CALENDARIO PARA LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS MIREN COMO ESTÁN . >>> EL 17 EN SAN FRANCISCO . >>> AHÍ ESTÁ RUSSELL WILSON OTRA VEZ Y BOTA LA PELOTA . English: A GAME BEHIND MINNESOTA. AND A BIG DISPARITY OF WINNING THE DIVISION AND FINISHING SECOND. THE 1 OR THE 5. OF COURSE THE 1 THE ROAD GOES THROUGH YOUR PLACE. 5 AND YOU ARE PLAYING A WILD CARD GAME ON THE ROAD. WILSON. TO THE 20 YARD LINE. REMAINING SCHEDULE, SO THE 49ers GO HOME NEXT WEEK AGAINST ATLANTA. HEAVILY FAVORED. RAMS ON A SATURDAY WEEK 16 AND THEN WEEK 17 HOW ABOUT THAT ONE? AT SEATTLE. SEAHAWKS CAROLINA NEXT WEEK AND THEN HOME AGAINST ARIZONA AND SAN FRANCISCO TO DECIDE A WHOLE BUNCH. SECOND AND NINE. WILSON FORCED TO THROW IT AWAY. THE RAMS DEFENSE IS STILL DOING A STELLAR JOB. RUSHED TONIGHT 20 OF 31. 213 YARDS. English: >> Cris: INTERESTING THING OF THAT FINAL WEEK IS AS LONG AS SEATTLE IS WITHIN ONE GAME BECAUSE THEY BEAT SAN FRANCISCO EARLIER A WIN AT HOME MEANS THEY WIN THE DIVISION. >> Al: THEY WOULD HAVE THE TIEBREAK IN THE HEAD TO HEAD. THIRD AND NINE. WILSON. DOWN HE GOES AGAIN. THAT RAM DEFENSE ALL NIGHT LONG. AARON DONALD IS THERE. WHAT ELSE IS NEW? AND SO IS DONTE FOWLER. >> Cris: MEETING AT THE QUARTERBACK THERE. FOWLER COMING OFF THE EDGE AND DONALD WORKING INSIDE. AND THIS IS NOT WHAT THE SEAHAWKS ARE. THEY ARE NOT A PASS PROTECTION FIRST TEAM SO WHEN THEY'RE PLAYING FROM BEHIND THEY WILL STRUGGLE. THEY JUST ARE. Spanish: >>> LO HAN AHOGADO POR COMPLETO. >>> ES LA TERCERA MEJOR OFENSIVA DE LA LIGA . >>> HAY MUCHAS OFENSIVAS QUE HAN COMENZADO TENER PROBLEMAS. >>> CAYERON DE MANERA QUE ESTÁ JUGANDO ÚLTIMAMENTE LA PENA NO SOLO MISMOS COMO CUANDO COMENZARON LA TEMPORADA . >>> TERCERA NUEVE >>> SE COLOCA A LA DERECHA DE WILSON COMPRESIÓN Y AHÍ ESTA EL QUINTO . >>> LLEGÓ SEGUNDO SAQUE EN EL JUEGO DE ESTA NOCHE YA TIENE NO English: THIS IS ONE OF THOSE NIGHTS. THEY'RE USED TO CONTROLLING THE GAME WITH THEIR RUNNING GAME. AND WHEN THEY GET IN DROP BACK MODE IT IS A PROBLEM. >> Al: YOU TALK ABOUT THE GAME WON UP FRONT. THAT RAM DEFENSE AGAINST THE SEATTLE OFFENSIVE LINE. MEANWHILE, WILSON NOW WITH A FLAG DOWN HERE. HE WAS LINING UP TO GO FOR IT ON FOURTH AND TWO. >> Referee: THE QUARTERBACK CALLS TIMEOUT. IT IS A 30-SECOND TIMEOUT. >> Al: NO SACKS TONIGHT OF GOFF. SO GO BACK TO THAT RAM OFFENSIVE LINE WE TALKED ABOUT. PLAYING TWO ROOKIES ON THE RIGHT SIDE. A THIRD ROUND PICK. THEY HAVE REALLY GOTTEN IT TOGETHER. >> Cris: AGREED. CORBETT IS A BIGGER GUY OUT OF CLEVELAND. THERE'S BIG ANDREW WHITWORTH ON THE SIDE. Spanish: Y MEDIO EN ESTA TEMPORADA JDANT FOWLER JR. NO ERA BUENA PROTECCIÓN ES UN TIPO QUE ESTA NOCHE HAN JUGADO COMO MUCHO FUEGO EN EL ESTÓMAGO . >>> DESDE QUE ARRANCÓ EL JUEGO. >>> Y ESTÁN POR ENCIMA DE LOS S SEATTLE SEAHAWKS 354 RESTA DE ESTE JUEGO. >>> SE VAN A TIEMPO FUERA. >>> SE LES ACABA EL TIEMPO PARA REALIZAR LA JUGADA ES LO QUE LE RESTA DEL PARTIDO . >>> QUE BUENA ACTUACIÓN DEFENSIVA DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS QUE ENTRARON AL JUEGO DE CÓMO LA NÚMERO 12 IMAGINO QUE Spanish: VAN A SUBIR UN POCO DESPUÉS DE LAS ESTADÍSTICAS DE ESTA NOCHE. >>> PERO HAN AHOGADO . >>> AQUÍ ESTÁ EL VETERANO JANDRW WHITWORTH ESTUVO 11 AÑOS EN CINCINNATI LLEVA A TRES CON LOS RLOS ANGELS RAMS . >>> HA HECHO MUY BUEN TRABAJO. >>> AL ATAQUE LOS SEATTLE S SEAHAWKS CUARTA VUELTA Y 18 . >>> TIENE LA PELOTA WILSON HACE DURO POR EL CENTRO Y LA ATRAPA English: HE IS A PHYSICAL PLAYER. MAYBE THE UNSUNG PART OF THIS THING IS BLYTHE IN THERE AT CENTER. SOLOMON WAS SUCH A SMART GUY AT THE CENTER POSITION AND NOW AUSTIN BLYTHE HAS PROVEN TO BE MUCH BETTER AT CENTER AND COORDINATING THAT OFFENSIVE LINE SO IT'S STARTING TO FIT NOW. >> Al: AUSTIN CORBETT. TWO AUSTINS ALONG THAT FRONT TO GO WITH THE ROOKIES AND WHITWORTH WHO TURNS 38 IN A COUPLE OF DAYS. FOURTH AND 18. LAST CHANCE SALOON RIGHT HERE. AND IT IS GOING TO BE CAUGHT. BY JOSH GORDON. UP AT THE 34 YARD LINE. GORDON MAKES HIS SECOND CATCH OF THE NIGHT. >> Cris: THAT WAS A ROCKET FROM RUSSELL WILSON RIGHT THERE. WHAT A THROW. English: >> Al: PATIENCE STILL HAS A LITTLE BIT OF LIFE HERE. 41 YARD LINE BY DK METCALF. 2:30. SEATTLE HAS TWO TIMEOUTS PLUS THE TWO-MINUTE WARNING. SIXTH DRAFT TONIGHT. SECOND AND ONE. WILSON STEPPING OUT. LOOK OUT. INCOMPLETE. ON THE OUTSIDE. GORDON THERE, AS WELL. THIRD DOWN AND. >> Cris: SOME POINT IN THE PLAYOFFS THE PASSING GAME WILL BE IN A POSITION SOMETHING LIKE THIS. AND I THINK THEY'RE GOING TO CONTINUE TO GET BETTER. GORDON WILL LEARN MORE ABOUT THE OFFENSE. METCALF WILL GET BETTER. BUT IT BETTER HAPPEN FAST. >> Al: CERTAINLY HASN'T HAPPENED Spanish: EN LA YARDA 34 P34 P PJOSH GORDON PASE POR IZQUIERDA Y LA ATRAPA P PDK METCALF SEGUNDA VUELTA . >>> TIENE LA PELOTA WILSON SEGUNDA VUELTA Y UNA YARDA LA VOTÓ . >>> SE HUBIESE CORRIDO CON LA PELOTA PROBABLEMENTE HUBIESE TENIDO EL PRIMERO . >>> TERCERA VUELTA Y UNA YARDA. English: TONIGHT. THIRD DOWN AND ONE. >> Referee: TIMEOUT, LOS ANGELES. THEIR SECOND. 30-SECOND TIMEOUT. >> Al: RAMS TAKE A TIMEOUT HERE. FRIDAY NIGHT ALL-TIME TEAM, CHRIS AND BILL BELICHICK ON THAT SHOW WITH RICH EISEN. ROD WOODSON IS HERE DOING THE GAME ON RADIO. STELLAR ARRAY. FRIDAY NIGHT COMING UP, TIGHT ENDS AND THE OFFENSIVE LINE. CRIS SWORN TO SECRECY. CAN'T PRY IT OUT OF HIM. THIRD DOWN AND ONE NOW. AFTER THE RAMS TIMEOUT. Spanish: >>> AHÍ ESTÁ PJOSH GORDON RECEPTORES CORPULENTOS . >>> LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS PIDEN TIEMPO . >>> QUEDA UNO NADA MÁS . >>> NO CREO QUE LE DE MUCHO USO HOY. >>> LA LISTA DE LOS DEFENSAS DE TODOS LOS TIEMPOS . >>> ET DOWN REED CRISTIANSEEN QUE LINDO. >>> CUANTOS AÑOS CUANTAS HORAS. >>> DE SACRIFICIO DE ENTRENAMIENTO . >>> DE DELEITAR A LOS FANÁTICOS English: LOOKING FOR THAT FIRST DOWN. THEY GET IT HERE. CARSON. AND WILSON WILL TRY TO -- WELL, FOR THE MOMENT IT WAS GOING TO HUSTLE THEM UP TO GET A PLAY OFF BUT HE CAN'T. SO WE COME TO THE TWO-MINUTE WARNING IN LOS ANGELES WITH THE RAMS ON TOP BY A SCORE OF 28-12. ALL RIGHT. LET'S GET CAUGHT UP ON THE THINGS THAT HAPPENED WEEK 14 AROUND THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE. LAMAR JACKSON, SECOND QB IN NFL HISTORY WITH 1,000 RUSHING YARDS IN A NFL SEASON. THE RAVENS KNOCK OFF THE BILLS. IN WHAT MAY HAVE BEEN THE GAME OF THE YEAR. GEORGE KITTLE'S PLAY IN THE FOURTH QUARTER WAS OFF THE CHARTS. MATT LA FOUR. GREEN BAY, TANNEHILL TO TURN THE TITANS AROUND. Spanish: . >>> DE BRINDAR GRANDES MOMENTOS DE EMOCIÓN . >>> POR EL CENTRO AHÍ VA PCHRIS CARSON TIENE LA PRIMERA VUELTA . >>> LLEVA 80 YARDAS CORRIENDO CON EL BALÓN. >>> ESTE FUE UN PARTIDO HASTA ÚLTIMA HORA SAN FRANCISCO CONTRA NEW ORLEANS 48 A 46 . >>> EL PRIMER TÉCNICO DE LOS Spanish: PACKERS EN GANAR SU PRIMERA TEMPORADA Y QUIEN IBA DECIR ESO VAYAN RYAN TANEHILL NO SOTO LE ENVIAMOS LA MEJOR DE LAS HORDAS . >>> JACKSON CORRE PARA MÍ YARDAS EN UNA TEMPORADA . >>> ES EL QUE MÁS YARDAS HA CORRIDO EN LA HISTORIAS DE LA F NFL . >>> PRIMERA VUELTA Y 10 WILSON PASE CORTO PARA LA DERECHA Y LA ATRAPA Y SALE POR EL LADO DERECHO PJARON BROWN English: 6-1. ON TOP AND TIED WITH THE TEXANS WHO LOST AT DENVER TODAY. WE'LL LOOK AHEAD TO NEXT WEEK'S BILLS/STEELERS ON "SUNDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL." APART FROM THAT, NOT MUCH GOING ON. >> Cris: WILL BE A GREAT FINISH TO THE SEASON. THERE ARE SO MANY THINGS STILL IN PLAY. >> Al: MEANWHILE, THIS GAME IS STILL IN PLAY. TWO-POSSESSION GAME IF. SEATTLE HAS THE BALL FIRST DOWN AT THE 47 YARD LINE. DUMPED OFF. CAUGHT BY JARRAN BROWN. MAKES HIS FIRST CATCH OF THE NIGHT. RAMS WERE OFFSIDE. HOCHULI GOING OVER TO SEE WHAT PETE CARROLL WANTS TO DO HERE. Spanish: PASE NÚMERO DICES QUE CAPTURA ESTE AÑO HAY PENALIDAD EN LA JUGADA. >>> MUY INTELIGENTE PREFIEREN BUSCAR LA JUGADA . >>> ES LA TERCERA PENALIDAD DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS ESTA NOCH. >>> LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS TIENEN SEIS . >>> MIRA LA DIFERENCIA EN LO QUE COMO EN EL PRIMER JUEGO EN ESTA TEMPORADA CONTRA LOS RLOS ANGELS RAMS ESTA NOCHE. >>> CINCO . >>> INCREÍBLE. English: >> Referee: OFFSIDE. DEFENSE NUMBER 45. SEATTLE HAS ACCEPTED THIS PENALTY. REPLAY FIRST DOWN. >> Al: RUSS WILSON IN WEEK FIVE, CRAZY GAME UP AT CENTURYLINK. NEAR PERFECT PASSER RATING. TONIGHT NO TDs. AND THE SEAHAWKS WITH ONLY TOUCHDOWN IS A PICK SIX. FIRST DOWN AND FIVE. WILSON. NOW THROWS ON THE RUN AND A LITTLE TOO FAR. ACROSS THE LINE? IT WAS VERY CLOSE. English: AND THE HAWKS ARE COMING BACK. >> Referee: HOLDING, OFFENSE NUMBER 78. THE TEN-YARD PENALTY. STILL FIRST DOWN. >> Al: D.J. FLUKER. >> Cris: FLUKER HANGING IN THERE. BUT AS ALWAYS, WHEN WILSON TAKES OFF, TENDENCY TO GO, OH, I HAVE TO GRAB THAT GUY AND OBVIOUSLY SEE THAT A LOT. DON'T FORGET THIS OFFENSIVE LINE PLAYING WITHOUT JUSTIN. >> Al: FIRST DOWN AND 15. FROM THE 42 YARD LINE. WILSON ESCAPES. ON THE RUN. RUN FOR FIRST DOWN AND TAKEN DOWN FROM BEHIND BY MORGAN FOX. Spanish: >>> PASE WILSON A PCHRIS CARSON HAY PENALIDAD OTRA VEZ EN ESTA JUGADA . >>> UNO A UNO ESTÁ. >>> CONTRA PJADEVEOPJADEMICHAELS PRIMER Y 15 . >>> CORRE CON LA PELOTA WILSON TIENE EL PRIMER DOWN Y FINALMENTE LO DERRIBA JMORGAN Spanish: FOX CON EL TACO HAY PENALIDAD OTRA VEZ. >>> JPDAVID MOORE SUJETANDO. >>> TRES YARDAS HACIA ATRÁS. >>> A JALEN RAMSEY English: AND ANOTHER PENALTY FLAG. BACK DOWN TO THE 28 YARD LINE. SO BEYOND WHERE THE PLAY ENDED. >> Referee: HOLDING, OFFENSE NUMBER 83. TEN-YARD PENALTY. REPLAY FIRST DOWN. >> Al: THAT'S DAVID MOORE. SO THERE GOES THAT GAIN. >> Cris: RIGHT AT THE END OF THE PLAY IT WAS JUST AN INSIGNIFICANT HOLD. YOU WILL SEE HIM TURN UP. TRY TO MAKE A BLOCK. AND TAKE AWAY A FIRST DOWN. ONCE YOU GET OUTSIDE THE SHOULDERS, IN THIS LEAGUE THE ONE THING THEY CALL EVERY TIME IF THEY SEE THAT JERSEY PULLED IN THE SLIGHTEST AMOUNT THAT IS JUSTIFICATION. THEY DON'T HAVE TO EXPLAIN AT THAT POINT. >> Al: FIRST DOWN AND EIGHT. FROM THE 49 YARD LINE. WILSON. English: LOOKING DEEP DOWN FIELD AND LAUNCHES ONE AND IT WILL BE PICKED OFF BY TROY HILL! TROY HILL. THEY'RE GOING TO LEAVE HIM DOWN IN THE END ZONE. SO THE REST OF THIS IS JUST WINDOW DRESSING AS HE MADE THE PICK DOWN IN THE END ZONE AND THAT SHOULD WRITE A FINISH TO THIS POINT. >> Cris: I TALKED ABOUT IT IN THE COURSE OF THE NIGHT TONIGHT BUT TROY HILL IS ARGUABLY THE BEST DEFENSIVE BACK AND MAYBE THE BEST COVER GUY THEY HAVE. I KNOW RAMSEY AND 66 RATING AGAINST TROY HILL THAT HAS BEEN A HUGE BIT OF PLAY CONSIDERING THEY LET MARCUS PETERS GO, AQIB TALIB AND ALL DEPENDENT ON TROY HILL BEING ABLE TO PLAY AND HE HAS. HE'S BEEN GREAT. >> Al: MADE THE MOST OF HIS OPPORTUNITY. Spanish: PRIMERA VUELTA Y OCHO . >>> TODO EL TIEMPO DE EL MUNDO PASE LARGO ATENTO Y LA INTERCEPTÓ JTROY HILL LA ESTÁ RETORNANDO YA FINALIZA LA JUGADA ES LA SEGUNDA INTERCEPCIÓN DE LA TEMPORADA Y PARA WILSON ESO LO LA QUINTA . >>> SE LLEVÓ EL PARTIDO DE ESTA NOCHE CON 21 PASES SI NO ME EQUIVOCO ERAN CUATRO IN INTERCEPCIONES . >>> 26 . >>> FUE LO PROFUNDO DEL JARDÍN CENTRAL PTYLER LOCKETT AHÍ ESTABA JTROY HILL QUE LA INTERCEPTA . Spanish: >>> ESTO HA SIDO TODO POR HOY. >>> NO HAY DUDA ALGUNA DE QUE NO FUE LA NOCHE DE WILSON . >>> LE HICIERON UN GRAN PLAN DE JUEGO DE LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS . >>> CON TODO EL ÉXITO QUE HA TENIDO TIENE SOLO RECORDÉ DOS Y SEIS DERROTAS . >>> AQUÍ ESTA EL TRÍO DES 116 YARDAS EN CADA UNA DE SUS COMPETENCIAS DEL CONJUNTO DE LOS English: BEEN AROUND FAR WHILE. HE'S BEEN HERE BUT MAINLY IN THE SECONDARY ROLE. FIFTH YEAR NOW OUT OF OREGON. SEAHAWKS TO STOP THE CLOCK TWICE. BROWN. UP TO THE 22 YARD LINE. RAMS TONIGHT THREE GUYS IN TRIPLE FIGURES. FIRST TRIO WITH 100 SCRIMMAGE YARDS EACH IN CONSECUTIVE YARDS SINCE 2000. SO THEY DID GET IT TOGETHER LAST WEEK AND KEPT IT GOING THIS WEEK. >> Cris: I'M JUST -- I KNOW YOU HEARD ME TALKING ABOUT TYLER HIGBEE ENOUGH THIS WEEK BUT I REALLY THINK HIS INSERTION IN THE LINEUP HAS GIVEN THEM AN Spanish: RLOS ANGELES RAMS >>> SEGUNDA VUELTA Y OCHO . >>> MUY BUENA ACTUACIÓN 30 JOHN PASES DOS INTERCEPCIONES . >>> A LOS ÁNGELES LE QUEDA UN SOLO TIEMPO FUERA. >>> HA TENIDO UN PARTIDAZO JTYLR HIGBEE EL MEJOR HABÍA SIDO 107 YARDAS ENCIENDE PASES ESTA NOCHE TIENE SIETE PASES PARA 116 YARDAS . >>> ES DECIR QUE SUPERÓ EL RÉCORD PERSONAL . >>> Y ESO COMO TU BIEN SEÑALES AFECTA PORQUE QUEDÓ DE CAER English: EDGE, CERTAINLY IN THE RUN GAME AND HIS BLOCKING BUT HE CONTINUES TO MAKE PLAYS IN THE PASSING GAME NOW, TOO. >> Al: BROWN. YOU THINK A TIGHT END MAKES A DIFFERENCE? GEORGE KITTLE PLAY TODAY. >> Cris: YOU CAN'T GET OVER THAT ONE. >> Al: PLAY OF THE YEAR. IT TURNED -- IN EFFECT WON THE GAME BUT DOWN THE FIELD AND A GUY PULLING THE FACE MASK FOR FIVE, SIX, SEVEN YARDS IS ASTONISHING. >> Cris: HE IS A FEISTY CHARACTER AND A GREAT PLAYER. BEST TIGHT END IN FOOTBALL RIGHT NOW. FOR PETE CARROLL, YOU KNOW, TALKING TO PETE, THE GREAT PASSION IN HIS LIFE IS DEFENSE AND RUNNING THE FOOTBALL. AND TONIGHT THAT JUST DIDN'T HAPPEN. THE DEFENSE WAS OKAY. PASS RUSH NOT THERE AGAIN. RUNNING THE FOOTBALL NOT ABLE TO Spanish: CÓMODOS PASES. >>> TERCERA VUELTA Y SIETE . >>> A CORRER SE HA DICHO. >>> AHÍ VA POR LA DERECHA TIENE EL PRIMER DOWN PASA DE LA YARDA 40 LA 41 PRIMER DOWN Y AHORA SI LES QUEDA UN SOLO TIEMPO FUERA A LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS >>> YA VAN A DEJAR QUE FINALICE EL PARTIDO LOS RAMOS ESTÁN VIVOS ESTE EQUIPO DE LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS CAE A DÍAS Y A TRES . >>> TIENE VIVAS LAS ESPERANZAS DE ENTRAR CON ESE RÉCORD A NO SER DE QUE HAYA UNA DEBACLE EN LOS ÚLTIMOS TRES JUEGOS. >>> LOS ÚLTIMOS SEGUNDOS DEL PARTIDO LOS RLOS ANGELES RAMS English: CARRY THIS TEAM TONIGHT. >> Al: TAKE A GOOD CHUNK OF THE CLOCK AWAY HERE. OFFICIAL FINISH OF THIS ONE. BROWN GETS UP TO THE 40. THE SEAHAWKS WILL LOSE FOR THE FIRST TIME ON THE ROAD THIS SEASON. THEY WERE THE LAST OF THE -- IT'S SO IRONIC, A TEAM WITH SUCH A HUGE THROUGH THE YEARS HOME FIELD ADVANTAGE CENTURYLINK, UNBEATEN ON THE ROAD AND TWO LOSSES UNTIL TONIGHT AT HOME. >> Cris: YOU WANT TO WEIGH IN ON THE DEBATE OF A LATE SEASON LOSS TO BE A POSITIVE FOR A TEAM. >> Al: ALL RIGHT. TELL ME. >> Cris: I THINK THERE IS SOMETHING TO THAT. A LOT OF TIMES YOU WENT A LOT OF GAMES IN A ROW AND EASY TO GLOSS OVER MISTAKES BUT THIS TEAM HAS TO FACE SOME REALITIES AFTER THIS GAME TONIGHT. >> Al: NO QUESTION. WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT THAT SEATTLE OFFENSE WOULD BE HELD WITHOUT A TOUCHDOWN TONIGHT? McVAY. WILSON. English: PETE CARROLL. GREAT RESPECT. BETWEEN THOSE TWO GUYS. GOT TO KNOW EACH OTHER WELL AT THE OWNER'S MEETINGS AND FOR JARED GOFF WHO WAS KIND OF IN THE CROSS HAIRS HERE IN L.A. A COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO, THE BIG CONTRACT AND WHAT'S HE GOING TO BE? LAST TWO WEEKS PRETTY GOOD. BETTER THAN PRETTY GOOD. YOU WERE NEXT, POSTGAME REPORT AFTER THESE MESSAGES FROM YOUR LOCAL NBC STATION. Spanish: DERROTAN A LOS SEATTLE SEAHAWKS 28 x 12 . >>> PRIMER LUGAR SAN FRANCISCO SEGUNDO SEATTLE CON SIETE ATRÁS . >>> Y EL ÚLTIMO ARIZONA QUE TIENE 39 Y EL ÚLTIMO EMPATE . >>> AMIGOS LE ESTAMOS LAS GRACIAS POR HABERNOS ACOMPAÑADO EN NOMBRE DE REMY GIRALDO Y R U RECUERDEN NOS REENCONTRAMOS EL PRÓXIMO DOMINGO NO SE LO PIERDA

In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion nationwide. The decision is called Roe vs Wade, and those who defend it are known as RoeBots. This is how they think... *Robot Voice* First off, this assumes that once abortion is illegal, every woman with an unplanned pregnancy will place her baby for adoption. That is clearly not true given that even the most unwanted pregnancies do not automatically produce unwanted babies. In fact, it may very well be that a high percentage of all pregnancies are unplanned and a significant number of them are even unwanted. But we also know that only a small percentage of the babies produced by those pregnancies are placed for adoption. Second, this argument also assumes that the people on waiting lists to adopt would only adopt one child. But the truth is, if the number of adoptable babies increased, the cost of adoption would plummet and make it possible for the people on waiting lists to adopt more than one. And you can bet that the vast majority of them would jump at that opportunity. Also, the reduced cost of adoption would dramatically increase the number of lower and middle income families who could afford to adopt. As it stands right now, most of these people know that they cannot possibly come up with the tens of thousands of dollars it takes to adopt a baby - so they don’t even get in the system. But that doesn’t mean they wouldn’t make good parents if given the chance. Other factors that increase the pool of potential adoptive parents is the growing problem of infertility and the fact that there is now less stigma attached to single parent adoptions than in the past. The bottom line is, you need to remember that every single time you hear someone from the abortion lobby attack adoption, what you are really hearing is someone trying to conceal the fact that every baby they butcher and toss in a dumpster is very much wanted by someone. Thanks for watching!

German: Was sind Gamechanger? Zuallererst mal: Menschen. Und da dürft Ihr an Namen denken wie Sheryl Sandberg, Travis Kalanick, Brian Chesky, Ida Tin, oder Elon Musk. Was haben diese Menschen gemeinsam? Ganz einfach: Eine große Vision. Und diese Vision ist bei diesen Menschen so stark, dass Sie alles dafür tun, sie Wirklichkeit werden zu lassen. Und dann gehen Sie sehr tatkräftig zur Sache und revolutionieren ganze Märkte, drehen Geschäftsmodelle auf den Kopf und dabei wird es ziemlich ungemütlich für alle die, die es sich gerade gemütlich gemacht hatten. Eben in diesen Märkten und Industrien. Was machen diese Leute, die ich gerade genannt habe? Ihr kennt es eigentlich alles: Travis Kallenyk hat Uber erfunden, Brian Chesky hat uns Airbnb gebracht, Sheryl Sandberg ist das Geschäftsgehirn hinter Facebook, Ida Tin revolutioniert die europäische Fem-Tec Branche, ja und Elon Musk, genau, English: What is a Gamechanger? First of all: They are people. You may think about names such as Sheryl Sandberg, Travis Kalanick, Brian Chesky, Ida Tin, or Elon Musk. But what do these people have in common? It’s simple: A great vision. And this vision is so great that they do everything they can to turn this vision into reality. And then they get down to business, revolutionizing entire markets, disrupting other’s business models and putting all those in trouble, who just made themselves comfortable. Throughout these markets and industries. But what do these people do that I have just named? You probably know it all already: Travis Kallenyk has founded Uber, Brian Chesky brought us Airbnb, Sheryl Sandberg is the brain behind Facebook, Ida Tin has revolutionized the European Fem-Tec industry, well and Elon Musk, German: Was sind Gamechanger? Zuallererst mal: Menschen. Und da dürft Ihr an Namen denken wie Sheryl Sandberg, Travis Kalanick, Brian Chesky, Ida Tin, oder Elon Musk. Was haben diese Menschen gemeinsam? Ganz einfach: Eine große Vision. Und diese Vision ist bei diesen Menschen so stark, dass Sie alles dafür tun, sie Wirklichkeit werden zu lassen. Und dann gehen Sie sehr tatkräftig zur Sache und revolutionieren ganze Märkte, drehen Geschäftsmodelle auf den Kopf und dabei wird es ziemlich ungemütlich für alle die, die es sich gerade gemütlich gemacht hatten. Eben in diesen Märkten und Industrien. Was machen diese Leute, die ich gerade genannt habe? Ihr kennt es eigentlich alles: Travis Kallenyk hat Uber erfunden, Brian Chesky hat uns Airbnb gebracht, Sheryl Sandberg ist das Geschäftsgehirn hinter Facebook, Ida Tin revolutioniert die europäische Fem-Tec Branche, ja und Elon Musk, genau, German: dass ist der mit den E-Autos, den Raketen, u.s.w.. Sind das alles nur Segnungen? Wird das die rosafarbene neue Welt? Wer weiß das? Aber vielleicht wollen wir es rausfinden? Zusammen? English: he’s the guy with the e-cars, rockets, etc… Are these just blessings? Is this going to be the perfect new world? Who knows? But maybe we want to find out? Together? German: dass ist der mit den E-Autos, den Raketen, u.s.w.. Sind das alles nur Segnungen? Wird das die rosafarbene neue Welt? Wer weiß das? Aber vielleicht wollen wir es rausfinden? Zusammen?

hi everyone. let's just put this up. Hi everyone Michael Lanfield here thank you for joining me today's topic is a little bit different it's on politics and just to let you know that I don't know much about politics in fact I don't even really know what politics is is basically a bunch of goons in costume that enslave us and politicians that's all they are here to enslave us here to make our lives more miserable and keep us in fear and let me tell you something every politician except for the rare few but virtually all politicians and all political parties and again there might be the odd political party that's different and better than the rest but essentially they're all the same and they all have to follow a set of guidelines and really if the okay if these core value of the culture is violence the core value of our meals means enslaving and killing others and raping others and seeing them as property and food if the core value is that and we are instigating that and we're putting our money towards enslavement and towards the use and towards the killing of other animals then what do you think our politics will be like what do you think our politics will be like because everyone virtually everyone is consuming animal products so what do you think that does to our landscape of the politics and the presidents and the all the people in power what does that do to them now they may not directly kill animals but they support the theft and the killing of animals with their purchases so if the core value is of our society of our culture now I'm talking about world culture Brazil the same basically bar core value is not compassion and kindness and love for all the creatures that shared us earth with us then how is the politics going to change for the better I mean yeah I might change here and there slightly and each each party is slightly different and slightly but essentially they're all the same they're all part of the hurting culture and we live we grow up we're part of this hurting culture and the hurting culture is essentially seeing other beings as property as food and as things to be used seeing the earth as just something we can go in and do whatever we want with it and until we start to realize nothing I mean I still we start to realize that that we live in a hurting culture that everything evolved ZAR brown herding animals all of our problems evolved around hurting animals or at least it's a direct correlation to hurting hurting animals seeing animals property and food and so forth nothing will get better very very little - nothing will get better in politics in in the fight for bringing justice into this world because if we don't have justice for other beings and the earth we don't have justice amongst humans that's just how it is that just how it works and so politics absolutely politics is something that you need not even put worry about need not even think about need not even talk about what we need to do is we need to address the root cause of our problems which is hurting animals and stop doing that stop seeing other beings as property stop eating the daring stop eating the honey stop eating the flesh of animals stop eating the eggs all these product that are full of extreme violence and suffering for other beings and it comes on back to us as suffering and disease and as lowliness in the depression and as all these sickness related issues and we're never going to solve anything we're never going to solve the real problems of this world if we continue being blind with blinders on and being narrow-minded and thinking like oh I finally liked another president that's going to solve the problem if I get rid of this guy it's gonna solve the problem so we got rid of Hitler what did not solve explain explain what did that solve we got rid of Hitler and we got rid of other other dickheads button in politics what did that do it did absolutely nothing because the core value is still around herding animals still revile in stores other beings and until we change that completely and totally change our culture as it is nothing will get better absolutely nothing will get better so think about that no matter what political party you stand for no matter what stickers you put on your car you are not doing anything unless you go vegan and veganism is justice justice for all the beings on this earth there's no excuse for animal ingredients there's no excuse for animal abuse there's no excuse for stealing from someone there's no excuse for any event we need to do what's right look into our hearts our intuition is right there we have kindness compassion waken up to the truth because if we don't awaken within the next 10-15 years if we don't all become vegan we are doomed to failure we are very seriously doomed to failure 10 to 15 years scientists predict and I don't really much follow science but science and all these experts predict within 10 to 15 years maybe 20 years we won't survive will be continued on we're going and we need to eradicate completely all violence eradicate completely all violence on this earth meaning stop using animals stop seeing animals as property when we stop seeing other beings as property we don't see humans as property we don't see we don't want to buy things that are slave made we don't want to cause Wars and create all this devastation to the environment we want to create peace because once we're compassionate towards all life why would he wanna harm any life it just doesn't make any sense why would we want to harm when we don't want to harm but when people are supporting animal slave Minh and Buse and killing then of course there's going to be Wars and there's gonna be devastation and there's gonna be famine and there's gonna be political issues and economic issues and enslavement and so forth so think about it really think about it please if you want to learn more about this I will send you my books for free for anyone who can't afford them I'm serious and if you can't afford my books my Kindle version or big print version please do get it on Amazon and please write an Amazon review because once you write an Amazon review the ranking goes up people are able to find it more easily and it's accessible on you know there's the UH Amazon algorithms and the more reviews the more shares and the more people buying a book it becomes number one on Amazon and then millions of people understand is these issues and they will eventually live in the Garden of Eden don't think that humans cannot change we can we can evolve for the better look at women have the right to vote women have almost equal rights to men there's a LGBTQ movement that are getting more and more recognized in having more rights so many issues out there like like people issues and Asian issues and all these issues that Oh once we enslave them and now we really don't enslave them so things are changing slowly slowly because more and more people are going vegan is actually the assault by many it's the fastest growing social justice movement in the world so that's all I want to say everyone please like this video share it around with all your family and friends you liked it and don't forget to subscribe to the YouTube channel and fourthly or thirdly or whatever number it is subscribe to my newsletter because I love you and you love me and you love free things in your email right so that's it everyone I love you all give you a big hug everyone because we're all family on this earth and we all need to love one another or we need to stop the wars and we need to also stop this video because it's going on too long take care everyone love you all

English: hi hi thanks you for watching this video. don't forget to subscribe and like this video. which has been subcribe. just like and share videos to be useful for others. Thanks. press and hold on the word in the previous search history. Click the 'remove' button if you want to delete. do it this way if you want to delete just one search. you can also delete all search history at once on YouTube. by clicking on the 'library' menu in the lower right corner. then click 'history' menu. then follow the steps in the video. Indonesian: hi. hi. terima kasih sudah menonton video ini. jangan lupa subscribe dan like video ini. yang sudah subcribe. cukup like dan share video agar bermanfaat untuk yang lain. Terima Kasih. tekan dan tahan pada kata di histori pencarian sebelumnya. klik tombol 'remove' jika kalian ingin menghapus. lakukan cara ini jika kalian ingin menghapus salah satu pencarian saja. kalian juga bisa menghapus sekaligus semua histori pencarian di youtbe. dengan cara klik menu 'library' yang ada di pojok kanan bawah. kemudian klik menu 'history'. selanjutnya ikuti langkah-langkah yang ada di dalam video. English: select 'Clear watch history' if you want to clear the entire video history that you have seen or watched. select 'Clear search history' if you want to clear the entire video search history what you've been doing all this time. watch history successfully deleted. video search history has also been successfully deleted. Indonesian: pilih 'Clear watch history' jika kalian ingin menghapus seluruh histori video yang telah kalian lihat atau nonton. pilih 'Clear search history' jika kalian ingin menghapus seluruh histori pencarian video yang selama ini kalian lakukan. histori tontonan telah berhasil di hapus. histori pencarian video juga sudah berhasil di hapus. English: Don't forget to click the Subscribe button and the bell. to keep getting notifications every time there's a new video from me. If this video is useful, click the like button. If there are suggestions and criticisms, please write in the comments column Indonesian: Jangan lupa klik tombol Subscribe dan loncengnya. untuk terus mendapatkan notifikasi setiap ada video baru dari saya. Jika video ini bermanfaat, klik tombol like. Jika ada saran dan kritik, silahkan tulis di kolom komentar

[Applause] we're starting today's episode in the capital of Burkina Faso waka waka Doo goo an unpronounceable city with a lot of incredible structures like the waka Doo goo Cathedral it's right here I think it starts to rain there was a rain drop the waka dugu Cathedral is not the only majestic religious building in a city a few blocks away you can find la grandma scare or the grand mosque the Holly Centre for the dominant Muslim population of Waga dugu burkina faso is a former communist country and the revolution square in the city centre reminds you of this era looks kind of communistic as a person from Slovakia I know what I'm talking about look at this building for example that is very strange we're still not done with weird buildings Central Bank of West Africa it this futuristic strange-looking building I think that's enough of buildings not a big fan of buildings let's try something more interesting like eating local food the national dish of working a fossil is called tall as you can see I've already started it's actually very similar to Oxfam in Togo it's like a dough and it's made from corn flour mixed with boiling water it has almost no taste there is a little taste in a background unlike Hawk pimiento bowls usually served with a variety of sauces this one is called gamba and it's made out of tomato paste and some kind of plant called Gumby I have no idea what it is but it is it is delicious it is really delicious it's very slimy and sticky he obviously eat it with hands it's served with beef as well big sticky thumbs up for your kuzey in burkina faso sometimes the African gods decide to give the white man a gift for two months I was whining I was dreaming I was dreaming and whining at the same time about virgin mojito I know it's impossible to find virgin mojito here in Africa especially in rural areas today I was whining too because it was extremely hot look what I found in a local supermarket thank you [Music] I want to cry I never thought this moment would come me drinking virgin mojito in Africa turn up the camera [Music] by the way we are sitting in front of a cinema here it's called Cena bore bore kena Cena now Cena bikini oui Mon francais samalisha group voltina Faso is famous for its movie industry the biggest African movie festival called fest Paco is held here every two years so we decided to go and see a movie here it starts in three hours so before that we're gonna rest a little bit and we will come back for the for the gem of cinematography called the secret del envelope it's gonna be awesome not sure if it's drama or comedy it's gonna be awesome [Music] very very strong movie what was really interesting is that some of the actors were looking directly to the camera sometimes and the movie was interrupted by a shampoo commercial I was amazed the day wasn't over it was time for something even more entertaining football the World Cup qualifiers were underway with burkina faso being first in its group only a few steps away from the sensational advance to the World Cup football fever struck this country despite a nil nil draw against Senegal Burkina Faso still had the possibility of advanced in its own hands a home match against Senegal would be played in Wagga dugu in three days and as it was one of the most important matches in the history of this great country we could not miss it maxi Baku bonsoir eh let's watch some football the taxi drivers telling me it's not a good idea to film here it looks like madness I'll try to film something but it's not a good idea I trust him this is way too good not to film it look at this madness [Music] whoa [Music] [Applause] [Music] I'm pretty sure we're the only white people here I haven't seen a white person here oh look at this Stadium Wow this is gonna be something [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Applause] [Music] no way don't do shit I think it Holly [Applause] [Music] so Burkina scored a goal and I'm having goose bumps all over my body that was one of the most intense experiences of my life Wow incredible monotony batik my new vanity would you [Applause] Senegal just scored wanna wanna Rajamani tsukuda you at Anzio daddy's recovery Osito Gemma I said to Jim kettles own movie so food are you excluding red card for the working Empire [Applause] it's halftime we're going to be as everyone else it's gonna be tough to win this discuss anybody he's a gear you you move aside you anything so faster thank you wanna keep it [Applause] Senegal just scorched it's 2-1 going to be a sat evening it's a super coupon for those people get up Russell one of the last chances of the game billion [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Applause] my grandchildren don't die because of malaria [Applause] [Music] react ambulance somebody probably got a heart attack I wouldn't be surprised you didn't tell me that sit there with a glass wall [Applause] Lutie now remains first in the group after his drone day long would probably be gone [Applause] [Music] [Applause] and I won't be able to fall asleep today I'm still shaking I love this country they're celebrating as if they're won the World Cup I love it I love the atmosphere here [Music] I think there is no explanation needed you've seen it that there was just one of the best moments of my entire life and this is why traveling to countries like Burkina Faso is so amazing Burkina Faso is still first in their group there are still two more matches to go but men if they qualify I know what team I'm gonna cheer for in the World Cup I hope you enjoyed this episode see you next time [Music]

Greetings, everyone. Welcome to Rethinking Full Stack: Cost and Compromise. My name is Jeremy Osborn. I'm the academic director of Aquent Gymnasium, which you can find at thegymnasium.com. And what do we do? Well, we offer free online courses on topics such as web design, front end development, user experience, JavaScript, and much more. This webinar is the latest in our series of discussions with notable figures in the industry. Today, I'm joined by two said esteemed professionals, Eric Meyer and Dan Mall. We're going to do some formal introductions in just a moment, but let's talk a little bit about the format of this. I'm going to be talking with Eric and Dan for about 45 minutes, and then leave around 15 minutes at the end to take questions from everyone here. We do have Gymnasium's own Keir Cullen Janey in the background, and she's going to be available if there's any technical problems or support that you need. Feel free to enter it in the chat window in the control panel here. And there's also a questions section, so you can add those questions at any point. But again, we're only going to answer them at the end. Also, when you registered, some of you sent questions ahead of time. So I'm going to be sprinkling some of those throughout the event. And we'll spend some time talking about those. So thank you for those. So onto our guests. First of all, we have Eric Meyer, author, speaker, blogger, sometime teacher and consultant, technical lead at Rebecca's Gift, and co-founder of An Event Apart. Eric's been working on the web since 1993 and still finds it deeply compelling. He also released the fourth edition of CSS, the definitive edition co-written with Estelle Weyl, published by O'Reilly. Good afternoon, Eric. How are you, sir? Pretty good. How about you? Fine, thank you. Thank you for joining. Yeah. Glad to be here. And next up we have Dan Mall, creative director and advisor from Philadelphia. He is the founder and Executive Director of SuperFriendly, a design collaborative that brings exquisite creative direction and design to the world's most important and interesting organizations, also the author of Pricing Design, co-founder and CEO of SuperBooked, and writes about design and other issues on Twitter and on his site, danmall.me. Hello, Dan. How are you, sir? Hi there. Doing great. It's a cloudy, windy day in Philly. Cloudy, windy day. It is the same here in Boston. And how about you, Eric? Cleveland, what's the weather like? Oh, it's somewhat cloudy, although not too bad for this time of year. And we had frost on the ground this morning, so-- Nice. It's the first time since last winter that we had frost, but there it was. So-- Excellent. Well, thank you again, both of you, for joining me. I am super excited to have this conversation. And before we dive in, I wanted to talk a little bit about some of the rationale for this discussion and some of the thinking that went behind this topic, which has to do with the difference between full stack web development and front end web development. But kind of more specifically, I'm going to point to this article by Mandy Michael, and her Twitter handle is down below. And the article had this compelling title, "Is there any value in people who cannot write JavaScript?" And if you read the article, it talks a lot about this kind of interesting dynamic in the web industry and among managers and folks who run web teams and among designers and developers about the emphasis on full stack, which we're going to talk about in just a second. But really, what that is is HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and potentially some other back end frameworks. So that's full stack. And then on the other hand, we just have front end, which again, you can define what that means. But for now, we'll just say HTML and CSS. Some other folks have written about this, too. Here's another interesting article by Brad Frost, and the link to that article is down below, as well, where Brad talks about walking into organizations and asking, who owns the front end code here? And typically, that answer, which should be simple, is not always simple. Who does own the front end code? So those are some of the things that kind of inspired this talk. And there's just a few other things that came up in the questions that the registrants came and submitted. I'll tear through just three of these, and this will help frame the discussion, hopefully. So Melissa asked this, where does one start to make that decision between front end and full stack development? So this is kind of one part. This next part is without an agreed definition of how much stack it includes, is this term full stack even useful, or just a resume buzzword? And then last, full stack developer hadn't been coined as a term or need in the 90s and 2000s. Did managers or did developers originate it? So let's just make sure we're on the same page. And it'd be interesting, both Dan and Eric, to hear first of all what your definition of full stack is. So Eric, do you want to take a crack at that first? Oh, I was going to throw it to Dan first, because he works with clients more than I do. Let's go for Dan first. All right, I'll take it first if it's helpful, because I think as an industry we don't agree on the definition. So like you said, Jeremy, when you were teeing it up, some people call full stack HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, right? A lot of people would also call that front end. They would say HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is the front end, and the full stack means front end and back end. So I think to me that's one of the places to start. It's like, what do you mean when you say that? And so for me and when I work with my clients and the people that I tend to work with, we tend to avoid the term altogether and just not say it because people don't know what we mean by it, because we always end up having to define it. So I'm not sure that I have a good definition for it, nor have I seen a canonical definition. I think normally rather than saying, oh yeah, this is my full stack developer or I'm a full stack developer or we work with the full stack, I generally try to be a little bit more explicit but for clarity to say, oh yeah, we'll be doing the HTML, the CSS, and JavaScript, or yeah, we'll be doing both the front end and the back end, which means HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, as well as building this thing in whatever, Laravel, or something like that. Mm-hm. Yeah, I mean Eric, you've been in the industry as long as anyone. And so this idea-- do you recall when this term started popping up? And even if you can't recall that, what's your take on the term in general? Time gets fuzzier as I get older, but I feel like in the last five or so years is when I've started seeing it a lot. I mean, I've come across it before then, but it feels like that's a sort of rough time frame in which I started to see it. I mean, to me if someone said to me, define full stack, I would probably say front end plus back end, right, which front end, as we said, means HTML, CSS, usually JavaScript. And then back end is whatever's in back. But that's because I come from a front end perspective, right? I've done back end things, but I've primarily worked in the front end for lo these many years. If I were more of a back end person, I might say, it's the browser plus these six things we've installed on our server. And I think that gets to what Dan was saying is that there is no agreed upon definition. And depending on who he's talking to at a given client, even at a single given client, if he's talking to the back end guys, they have one thought about full stack. The front end people have a different view of the stack. If you want to get super technical about it, the full stack is literally every piece of technology, front end and back end. But that's difficult, right? The front end I think probably we tend to have a clearer view of, because there are so few actual things, right? You have HTML, CSS, JavaScript. And if you want to count images as a fourth part of the stack, which we could have that debate, that's it. The only way you can parse that any finer is, well, which format of image are you using? And if you're using a particular JavaScript framework, which one is it, those sorts of things. Whereas on the back end, it could be PHP, Ruby, Laravel, Expression Engine, which is sort of PHP, and et cetera. There's a whole lot of stuff that can happen on the back end. So I think that's where a lot of the confusion comes from. And it's much easier to just say, it's these three things on the front end plus server over there, right? Right. Is it Apache, or is it Expression, or is it .NET, ASP, whatever they're calling it these days? Right. And I think that's-- yeah, so this is part of the dilemma is that there is this term that kind of gets loosely tossed around. It is like you can do everything. And of course, on the face of it, I think a lot of organizations would look at that and say of course. Of course we want those folks, because they're interchangeable. And if you have a team made up of four or five quote, "full stack developers," it's almost like you can mix and match and they can do everything. They could do the user interface. They can do again the database management. And that's obviously a little bit of a pipe dream. And I think the reason, part of the thing is that if this is becoming a standard, does it create a form of anxiety in folks who only consider themselves front end developers? I think the answer is yeah, it does. Yeah. Oh, go ahead. Yeah. No, I agree. And actually, there's a guy at Digital Ocean named Joel Khalifa. I apologize to Joel for probably mispronouncing his last name. But he literally has a talk called full stack anxiety. He talks about this and how he deals with it. Yes, and I think it's totally a thing. And I think the other corollary, the other term that that gets bandied about a lot is also the imposter syndrome, which is again, someone comes on a team and they're supposed to know a certain part of the stack and they don't. And so they feel like they're faking it. So Dan, I see you nodding your head. Is that something you've seen? Yeah. I mean, I think that the anxiety has sort of evolved with the way that the industry has. So like I'm just kind of hearkening back to how I've experienced this as a designer and developer. I remember doing work in the mid-2000s when before responsive design came out and when browsers were supporting standards really well, and I remember AJAX becoming a thing then. And I think to me it was when AJAX sort of became popular because the conversations we started to have before that was well, you write the HTML and CSS, and then the back end developers would write the JavaScripts, right? If we needed any, because we would build a lot of sites that just didn't need a lot of JavaScript. And then when AJAX came around, it started to be like well, as the front end developer, I don't know enough about JavaScript to write AJAX calls or anything like that, so maybe the back end developer should be writing the JavaScript. And that became really weird, because the back end developer's well, it's a front end technology. It's a client side technology, so technically, it is not part of my purview. And I think ever since then it's escalated, right? So as a front end developer, I don't know enough JavaScript to be able to do this. And since then, now we have server side JavaScript, where JavaScript used to be client side only. But now we can write node on the server. And so kind of the division of those lines became a lot blurrier. And speaking from that point of view like I know a little bit about JavaScript, enough to build sites with it, but I'm not by any means a JavaScript expert in the way that I know HTML and CSS. So there is a lot of anxiety that comes with the fact that oh, I should be writing AJAX calls, but now I'm writing server side code in a client side technology, so I see how a lot of people that come from that background, myself certainly, I get anxiety around that and just go well, I don't know how to do that. Am I supposed to know how to do that? Do I need to learn that? But isn't that somebody else's job, and then am I stepping on toes? So I think that the evolution of the industry I think maps nicely to the anxiety that-- or not nicely, but maps well to the anxiety that I think people that have that experience have. Yeah. And that's interesting, because when you did your talk at Event Apart here in Boston, one of the things that I remember very clearly in your slide was one of your slides was talking about the fact that modern designers, for example, should know JSON. So how does that kind of fit in with this kind of definition? Like, where is this line? And I think maybe this is the question. What should you know someone who calls himself a front end, or-- to what degree do modern web designers need to know a little bit about this stuff? Yeah, so I think on the surface, it looks the same. But I think one of the things that's really an important distinction is if the lines are going to get blurred anyway, let's do it in a way where we're helping each other rather than in a way where we're deferring, right? So rather than going, well JavaScript's not my job, it's your job, you do it, let's instead start to share that workload and say, I know JavaScript's not your job, but I'm going to teach you how to write a little bit of a JavaScript, even if that means a little bit of JSON or a little bit of configuring variables, or whatever that thing is. And I think that that's the thing that reduces anxiety on teams. So there was a great study that Google did, I forget the name. I think it was the Aristotle study or something like that a few years ago, where they managed-- or where they studied what makes people perform well on teams. And they analyzed a bunch of different variables. And what they thought their initial hypothesis was, well, if you put the best, the most experienced people on the same team, they'll all do well. And that didn't turn out to be true. Well, if you put the most tenured people or if you put the most skilled people on a team, that's not true. And what they found was created the best teams was where people feel psychologically safe. And I think part of that is about just being OK with-- or helping your team members, right? If everybody does this, everybody helps their team members to go I realize this is not your job, and if you don't know how to do this, I got it for you. Don't worry about it. But in the meantime, let me create a scenario where you can learn where it's OK to fail, it's OK if you don't know how to do it, because I got your back. I'll be the safety net. But that way, you can grow, too. And I think a lot of it-- I've seen that reduce anxiety on teams, where I go, well, what do you want to do? Well, I'd love to learn Angular, but-- and I'm all right, cool. Well, if we don't end up using that Angular, we can do something else. And then that creates a little bit of safety for somebody to go, oh, it's OK if I don't get this. And I've seen that work really well in just reducing the anxiety people have about the pressure that is their jobs, because what do people think? If I don't do this, I'm going to get fired. And that's a big deal. So if you can reduce that anxiety, I feel like actually people grow better in that environment. Yeah. And also, I think that it's important to realize, too. What I find interesting, and Eric, I think you hopefully agree to this, but I think so that HTML and CSS, again, may have this reputation as being easy or something like that. And again, what I think of, I go directly to something like this, which is Eric, this is a copy of your latest book, CSS, the Definitive Guide. And if I remember correctly, it's about 1,100 pages. Almost. I've been saying 1,088, but I forgot that the PDF counts the front and back covers. So it's actually 1,086 pages. So to me, that by itself is almost like well, CSS is a language, and it's a large one. And so talk a little bit about that. Yeah, I should admit that the fourth edition doesn't even have every bit of CSS it could have. There are bits that I left out because they're too fragmentary right now. One that I think will surprise people is multi-column. I left it out because browsers just don't deal with it the same way, and the whole spec might be about to change, anyway. So that probably could have added another 10 pages. CSS, I mean-- CSS more and more-- this has been true for a long time, but more and more it reminds me of that old tag line, minutes to learn but a lifetime to master. It might be a large number of minutes to learn, just because there are so many properties. But the mastery comes from understanding how all those pieces interact with each other, which is the source of most of the bugs, to be honest-- at least these days. If you come across a layout bug, it's probably because somebody didn't think about this particular combination of things that you happened to put together, which is why when people run into those, It's super important that they report them to Firefox or the WebKit people, or whoever, to say I had a Flexbox in a grid that had some absolutely positioned stuff in it, and then I added an SVG that I had a clipping box on, and suddenly the whole thing ... I mean, whatever it is, just because nobody ever managed to get down to that level of testing. And that's why CSS, for example, is a lot more complex, but also a lot more powerful than people give it credit for. I think HTML is kind of the same. You know, I think most of us learn the bits of HTML we need to do the thing that we're doing, and we forget that there's a whole lot more in there that rarely gets used but might actually be useful. Not many people used the data attributes until they were forced to by some framework or other, and their only understanding of data attributes is how they relate to being used in that framework. But there's a lot more that could happen there, to pick one example. There's plenty more, as well. The various input types, which admittedly not supported super well. But there's a color picker input. You put in type equals color, and in theory you should click on it, it will give you a little palette where you can pick a color off a color wheel and have little sliders, and all that kind of thing. Those haven't been very well supported, but they're there. And most of us aren't aware of them. And HTML4, as simple as it seems, it's still complex. I think the reason that the two of them get looked down upon by people who are more traditional programmers is that HTML and CSS don't really have things like looping structures or real conditional logic. CSS has that a little bit with media queries and feature queries, but it's pretty coarse grained. It's not the let me test for these three things in this combination of parentheses and symbols and that. If those all evaluate to true, then do a thing. It's not that kind of language, which in one sense is good, because by not being those kinds of languages, HTML and CSS are incredibly fault tolerant, right? You can botch half your markup and half your CSS and still have something come out the other end. That's a really remarkable design paradigm, and most-- the imperative languages, compile languages or even JavaScript, are not like that. You get one curly bracket missing and the whole thing just fails. XML is kind of the same. Actually, XML is the same. So why is it, then, that it-- it seems pretty self-evident, I think, that this-- both HTML and CSS feel like they're pretty complete and deep disciplines. But again, I turned to some of the questions that we got. And I got this one, which I thought was kind of interesting. Why is there still weirdness between front end development and back end development? In my traditional organization, back end development still dominates tech leadership in decision-making. So I found that kind of an interesting question, and I think it kind of speaks a little bit to this idea of the culture of maybe engineering versus design. I don't know. But why is it so hard to do that? Is it economics? I don't know. I would guess that the dominant force in that particular equation is going to be more rooted in the history of the organization, right? It's going to be which was the larger organization when it got started and which has paid off more, I guess, or in more measurable ways for the organization. Like if the back end development group has provably made the company x number of dollars and the front end development people don't have that even though they're the ones who put a front end up on the thing that the backup people did, then the back end development people might dominate. Flip it around if you're a design shop or a design agency, a web designer agency. Front end's probably going to in most cases lead that conversation, be the dominant force, whereas back end will be sort of support for them. But I'm mostly guessing. We should actually-- I should have let Dan go first again. No, I agree with that. I think that in addition to that, front end developers and back end developers have different things that are important to them. And unfortunately for front end developers, the hills that they pick to die on are things that aren't important to people who don't understand it. So I've been part of many a conversation-- I've caused many a discrepancy about should we use a section tag here or an article tag here, and argue about that for days, just days. And people are like, yeah, but I can't log in, right? And that's the purview of a back end developer. So I think that a lot of the things that are important to front end developers are things that unfortunately are not important to people in other parts of the business. And the thing that they relate to are the things that they tend to look to for all right, well, let's let that drive. If I can't log in, it doesn't matter if we're using a mark tag here. It doesn't matter if we use an OL or a UL. Semantic arguments are literally that, semantic arguments. And sometimes they don't affect the bottom line. And I think that generally, front end developers, they tend to be shy about that and they tend to go, well, that's not important to me. What's important to me is that we have the right mark up in place or that my CSS is OOCSS and not BEM. And those are things that are very important to the process, but people don't understand it and a lot of developers don't do a good job of communicating why that's important. And so people go, all right, I guess you're just upset about some nerdy thing. Can we log in or not? And so I feel like that's where engineering and back end development tend to drive more, because it's results that you can see as opposed to results you can't see. Right. And I think it goes back to that idea of the culture, too. I mean, I think some of this has to come from the top down, right? And it's kind of interesting how we've seen over the last 10, 15 years, how Apple, for example, has promoted this idea of design as being an important component of their success. And so you see other organizations trying to adopt, at least to different degrees, the lip service to that and they're hiring designers and they're hiring UX folks, and content strategy folks have kind of got a seat at the table. But it still feels like there is this other trend that comes back to JavaScript that-- and Dan, you kind of mentioned this I think in one of your tweets for the event. In a world where JavaScript is kind of king, there's this interesting conflict happening. And I feel like this is part of-- this is an industry wide thing, and it's a business decision, as well. So if you are an engineer, let's say, let's say just a thought experiment. If you were someone who was in charge of setting up a team to create a new web app for whatever reason, what kind of-- and I know, Dan, you do some of this. Your organization is based around stuff you do, but you kind of adopt your teams based on the project. So what kind of things do you look for when you're embarking on a project like this, and what are the roles that are important to you? It's complicated. And I think that that's the underlying pinning around all of this is that it's complex. There's a lot of variables and they change all the time, project to project, organization to organization. And so one of the variables is what is the ratio of how quickly we need to do this to the expertise that is in-house to the expertise of the consultant to what's important to the business. So for example, one that our industry talks about a lot is accessibility wasn't important to target until they got sued, and then all of a sudden it became important. And you could certainly make the argument that it was always important, they just didn't realize that. And I think that in building teams or thinking about projects, it's about what really is important. What is the-- as a service provider, one of the things I'll always ask my client is what is important to you. And so I take stock in what they say is important, but then as a professional who's been who's done a lot of these things, I can also hopefully bring some stuff to the table and my team can bring some stuff to the table to say, here's some things that you may not say is important and you may not even be thinking about, but we think these are important for you. Let's have a conversation about that and let's have an education process around those things, things like if we build this in Angular versus if we build this in React versus if we build this in something else, what does that mean for your team? What does that mean about performance for your users? What does that mean about who can maintain it? So I try to let the practicality drive a little bit more than the philosophy drive, but you know, it's always a balance between the two. And where it falls on that spectrum between philosophy and pragmatism, I think it varies greatly from project to project. Right And I think one of the things, as far as tying back to the previous question, one of the things that front end can deliver on-- and there is growing awareness of this-- is literal page performance, right? So there's how fast can you get it out of the server and across the wire to the user, but then there's how long is it going to take for that to actually start, for time to first display or whatever particular metric you're using? I know of engineering teams-- I know they did this at Etsy, maybe they still do, where they would constantly run-- they would run page speed tests under various network conditions. And you know, they would have literally monitors on the wall of the engineering offices that would show here's what this is like in broadband in the USA, and here's what the same page is like in dial up in the USA, and in Europe, and in Australia, which apparently they nicknamed the sorry Australia, because Australia has really bad links to the rest of the world. And it show the videos. It was like as of midnight last night, the last time we took these videos, it took two seconds to render the page completely on broadband and six seconds in slower broadband or 3G speeds. I said dial up earlier, I didn't actually meant that. And nine seconds in Australia. So people could see, they might come in in the morning and look up and say like, why is it suddenly taking five seconds to render the page, right? Which has nothing to do with the network speed. It's just what did we do last night? Did we add a super huge web font, or did we accidentally push the absolute highest res copy of all the images out instead of the responsive images or whatever it is? But that's-- back end certainly has to do their part to get stuff out fast, but then front and has to do their part to make sure the stuff renders quickly and it isn't a 20 megabyte page because it's all these huge images. It's like how can they shave that down, because that really is-- it's a user experience problem, not just in the sense of hey, we have to not inconvenience our users even a tiny bit, which is OK, true, but someone who's on 3G and needs this information for whatever reason, and if the page is breaking because there's just too much data to stuff down the pipe or it takes 30 seconds to render because of everything that's coming at them. Whatever the scenario is, right? They're in the basement of a building and they have hardly any bars on the LTE or 3G. Can they still get this? Is it going to take forever to load? Is it going to take forever to render? And that's an actual measurable thing that I think front end people, if they're not focusing on, probably should be. Well, yeah. And to me, that almost speaks back to the that article I was mentioning earlier from Brad, where again, there is a risk where you should be able to walk into any sort of project or team and basically say, who really owns this front end experience? And I think that that's part of the danger is the way I see it is that if you are biasing your group or your team towards this kind of engineering, JavaScript heavy experience-- because you know, the truth is that this stuff is difficult to learn. And if you're expending a lot of time and effort to get up to date with the latest framework, whether it be Angular or React, that that is a full time gig, I guarantee you. And that's why we have classes in them. We have classes in Node and JavaScript and all these things, because this is the way this is the way of the world in the web. My fear is I think that there is this overvalue being put on the JavaScript and framework knowledge. And the danger is you lose things like who's paying attention to the user interface and who's paying attention to the performance stuff, which again can fall under back end, but do you really have someone who is doing that? Do you really have someone measuring performance? So Dan, like in our talks earlier, you had mentioned that in fact that there is another scenario, which is that if you have someone or people who are just focused on back end, that that can actually almost damage a product or damage a web app, or whatever you have. So can you expand on that a little bit more? What was your thought behind that? Yeah. I mean, I think one of the things that's really damaging on teams is siloing work. Because as I think about all of the projects that I've done that didn't go so well, where everything falls through the cracks is where hand-offs didn't happen properly or where oh, I thought you were going to do-- no, I thought you were going to do that. And then someone forgot and no one did it. And so I find that the way to correct that or the way to help that is to create more overlap between roles rather than space between them. And so when engineers are like, well, I don't know, the login is right, the login's working, I go yeah, but people want to be able to see their password. Oh, I mean, I just installed the framework. If they defer what might not be their responsibility but they might be accountable for it or even just thinking about it, that leads to well, listen, I did my work. What more do I have to do? And I think that that's a toxic team member. And if the culture of your organization is such that everyone is expected to behave that way, you're actually creating a whole toxic team without knowing it because that's what everybody expects. And so I find that that's not just exclusive to back end developers. It's all of the roles. It's designers, developers, content strategists, information architects. You know, if somebody builds a site architecture that doesn't work well with an engineering structure, that's a problem, too. So it's not just the back end developers who are the only problem in that scenario or front end developers, or anybody. I think it's the siloing thing that is really dangerous. And so one of the tools that I use a lot is a RACI matrix. At the beginning of a project I'll put together a RACI matrix of R-A-C-I, responsible, accountable, consulted, informed, so that everyone on the project has to be at least one of those things on every task that we're doing. So information architecture, maybe the front end person doesn't need to be responsible for the information architecture, but they should at least be informed about something. There should be nothing that's like oh, I didn't even know that was going on, because I think that leads to unengaged teams, and that means something's going to fall through the cracks. So I think that by eliminating those silos, I think you start to avoid that problem. Interesting. So that's kind of cool. Is this matrix something you came up with or is this a known thing? Oh, no. This is like decades old management practice. I'm sure somebody came up with it. I just found it one day and I was like, this is a great tool. Nice, OK. It's good to know. Yeah, I mean, it comes back to again, I'll just share one of these other questions, which again hearkens back to that original one that I just mentioned. Matt was asking, what is the minimum a front end designer must know technically to succeed in today's market? Which again I know is a very general question, but one of the things that I think where that ties in and one of the things that we try to teach with the courses that we offer is like you said, understanding-- like again, your last presentation, it was like, should designers know how to-- and whatever that is, like code? Well, that's another talk. But being aware of the technical underpinnings is important. Understanding what's happening with your Node server is maybe not. OK, so I guess one of the other questions is what can we do about it, which is a much harder question. I think this is part of what we're trying to do here, or at least for me and for Gymnasium, is trying to address that. But what other things-- again I think you had mentioned speaking out. I think that was you, Eric, who was talking about if you're a front end designer or developer, that taking ownership or speaking out is important. But what other things do you think? I mean, this is where the full stack anxiety kicks in. There's so much, like, what else is needed? And everything and nothing-- it gets Taoist really quickly. Right. Well, it almost leads me to think of a lot of the work that you've been doing, too, has to do with empathy and trying to understand real world design. I mean, how does that tie in? Because to me, again it feels like there's like a-- if you're making trade offs, you're hiring a team who is predominantly technical and back end, are you sacrificing something like someone who is really paying attention to the user experience? That has to play in at some point too, right? Yeah. I mean-- I guess this is organizational full stack anxiety. If they cover the stack, how are they going to cover it? And if they hire-- like you say, if you hire a person who does X, Y, and Z, you're not hiring someone who does A, B, and C. And hopefully you can also hire somebody who's doing A, B, and C, but at a certain point, I guess budgets run out. Here's the thing in organizations, they have a limited amount of money, I guess. So yeah, you do have to make those choices. I think-- well, I personally feel that having a team that's as diverse as possible and like Dan was saying, as overlapping as possible-- and when I say diverse, that also means in terms of skills, right? So hiring six Node developers is not going to get you as far as hiring a couple of Node developers and a couple of front end people and UX and an IA, right, which seems on its face to be laughably obvious. And yet, to think of other ways in which that you know that sort of mix can be found, whether it comes from people's backgrounds, their educational backgrounds, or personal backgrounds, the culture they come from, where they grew up all those sorts of things-- age, experience. I personally think-- and again, easy for me to say because I don't have to manage a hiring budget. But I think that if we want to increase that sort of diverseness of the team, you need to hire somebody who's new and doesn't necessarily know everything that you need but seems capable of learning, because someone in that situation who has more experienced people to help them and who is ready and eager and able to learn will probably actually enrich the team quite a bit more than somebody who's been doing it for 30 years and has become set in their ways. Right. Yeah. And again, I think it comes back to that idea of burnout, too, because again, if you are in a position and you're constantly having to, again, learn the latest and greatest framework and everyone now on your team is chasing that the tech, almost goes back to what you were saying, Dan. There's a lot that can fall through the gaps. And so yeah, if there are hiring managers and people running teams out there listening, I think that this is kind of a piece of advice worth repeating, and that diversity of teams is really important. Diversity of skills is extremely important. It tends to make projects healthier in the long run. And teams more productive, according at least to what research I've seen. Yeah. And that goes back to here, let me-- so Dan, you had sent that study. So this looks like a really interesting article, "What Google Learned From Its Quest to Build the Perfect Team." So this is all good stuff. We're heading into that section where we need to look at questions. So for folks who are listening, again, you can feel free to throw some questions into the questions section of the go to webinar control panel, but we do have some here. I'm looking at these for the first time. So we get one from Charles here. And either Dan or Eric, either one of you can take this one. But can front end be divided or split into design versus interaction? It's kind of an interesting one. Dan, what you think about that? Is there-- is the web interactive by default, or is there a design versus an interaction? So I think there's a lot of different schools of thought about that. And I think that one of the articles that you had teed up, Jeremy, in the beginning, is the article by Brad Frost about the full stack developer. And one of the things that I know that Brad is keen on, partially because he's written a lot about it, partially because I've talked to him about it and we work together a lot is the idea of there's something in the middle between design and development called a front end designer. And so that's sort of saying the person who is writing code is somewhat responsible, if not responsible, then at least accountable for some portion of the design. And that might mean designing in the browser, designing in code, sitting with a designer, being part of that process. So that's one side of it. One of the things that I'd love, and I sort of set up some of my projects to do this-- not all of them, because it's not always the right thing. But I sort of think about it as a spectrum but design to engineering, and with different people occupying different parts of that spectrum. And so on my teams, it's less important that people have titles. So I think we get away from that, right? So rather it's more about what are you going to do as opposed to what are you, right? So it's not like-- I don't hire a front end developer. I'm just like some projects I have somebody who is writing the HTML and CSS, and then another person that's writing the JavaScript. Other times, it might be the same person. So I think that just knowing that the whole spectrum is covered, and especially that there's overlaps there, I think that's another approach to going about it. So can you split it up? Absolutely. I feel like you can split up any discipline as minute as you can. Whether or not that's productive for the project you're working on remains to be seen, right? I think that that's hard to say globally that that will work. But I think that it's certainly worth a shot to say, let's split these into two parts and actually see what happens. And if that's better than the way that you were doing it before, continue on with that until it breaks. And if it's not, then I would try something else or go back to the way that you were doing it before. I find it hard to rationalize splitting design from interaction on the web. I mean, all design is interaction, really. All design has to consider interaction, right? The way our books are designed, the ones that are well-designed, are designed with the idea of turning the page and what the spaces should be. That's a relatively constrained problem space, right? And how many times have you driven down the interstate or the road and passed a billboard that had like a wall of text on it. You're like, the only way anyone could ever read that is by causing an accident, because somebody didn't design for the interaction necessary for that medium. The web is more interactive than either of those. It's more interactive than any medium there's ever been, even down to the minimum of you got to-- I mean, I assume you're going to scroll a page sooner or later and you're going to click from one link to another, or link from one page to another. Those things have to be considered. And you could try to say all right, the visual designers are here and the interaction designers are over there, but I feel like that's counterproductive. I feel like you're sabotaging the process because the web is a fundamentally interactive and fluid medium, and to try to design as though it's not strikes me as a bad idea. Yeah. Well, it's interesting, because-- yeah, go ahead, Dan. Sometimes I coach agency teams. And a few of them that I've actually coached on process and roles and things like that, I've actually encouraged them to get rid of the front end developer role altogether, that they only have designers and they have engineers. And within the design discipline, there's all sorts of designers. There are some designers that are primarily illustrators, but they're called designers, and some that are 3D designers, and some that are-- and some of those include people that can write code. And then on the engineering side, there are people that do all sorts of things up and down the engineering scale, which is setting up servers or database architecture, or whatever. But also, some of the engineers are also writing front end code, too. So I think that trying to find an artificial split is tough. But I think the developer role is a particularly tricky one, because it's squarely in the middle of a lot of places. It's squarely in the middle of design and engineering. So I find that for some organizations, it's actually valuable to say, there's no such thing as developers here, because we don't know what that means. There's engineers and there's designers. Some people that write code are engineers, and some people that write code are designers, depending on where they'd prefer to spend their time. Right. Well, I find it interesting that there is, again, a lot of some of these other questions-- there's a question by John, which is what's the line between user interface and front end web development? And I almost feel like that's kind of a similar question, in the sense that a lot of what we're trying to do is define these divisions, right? And And again, it almost leads into a discussion of like the generalist versus the specialist. And at some point you have to make some sort of definition, or you have to put yourself in some box, I guess. So can I push back on that a little? Yeah, yeah. Please, please. Because I wonder where that comes from, where the idea comes from that well, I've got to be in some sort of box. And maybe because I need to know how people are going to interact with me or what they would expect from me. So I get that a little bit. But why not learn it, right? It's happening already, and I think maybe it's happening because it feels more-- it's actually more natural to do it that way, and we've just been fighting it so long that we think it's the opposite. And so to the question that was asked, I think it's a good one, where's the line between interface and front end? And I would pose a question back to that. It's like, well, what happens if there's not? How does that affect the way that you do things? Yeah. And I can imagine in some contexts, these questions arise because what you do governs what kind of title you have, and therefore what kind of salary you get paid. I remember when I worked at a university, it was like engineering level 1, 2, 3, 4. And if you're this level, you have this much vacation. And if you're this level, you get this much salary, things like that. But when it comes to the actual discipline that we're practicing here, yeah, I'm with Dan. Don't put yourself in a box. There are enough things in this world to try to shove you into a box. Don't get in one voluntarily. Nice. I like that. Yeah. And I think this is probably-- you know, it cuts to the struggle of what-- I mean, all of us here, I've been in the web business for 15, 20 years. And both of you guys have been in there for a while, as well. And you know, I wonder again if you're starting out-- and we run into this all the time, that the entry point for a web developer, web designer is getting harder and harder for us to define. Even when I'm creating courses and trying to figure out where is that entry level point, the amount of stuff you have to learn is extremely forbidding. And so I think some of this reflects where we are as the state of the web, right? The web is still extremely young, in the scope of other things. So-- The article that the agency Sparkbox, which is in Dayton, Ohio, they wrote this great article called "The Hammer and the Chisel." And I love what they're doing, because I think what's tough about what we're talking about is we're trying to come up with these global rules, right? Let's define what designer and developer are, and then everybody can follow that and it will work for all organizations. And that's just really difficult to do. And so I love what they're doing. And they're saying here, we are changing what our titles are here. And it might not even be titles. It might just be how we think about the work that we do. So they have this position called front end designer, and they say but our front end designers are different. Some of them are hammers and some are chisels. So hammers are responsible for setting up HTML and CSS and architecture and things like that, and chisels are the ones in there getting animations right and font spacing right and font size, stuff like that. And so I love that they are thinking about how to define those roles a little bit differently, and it works for them. They're not saying, oh, everyone should have hammers and chisels now. They're just saying this is what works for us better in our process, and so this is kind of how-- and so we're going to stick with this for a while. One of the questions that I'll often go over with my apprentices who are trying to get their first design or development job is that exact question. What's the minimum that I need to know? And again, it's the same thing. It's like the minimum that you need to know globally, that's a tough question to answer. And so my response back to them is always the minimum to get into what job? Do you want to go work at Facebook, or do you want to go work at a local agency? Because those are very different jobs. At Facebook, you can be really, really specific about your job. I mean, Nicole Sullivan consulted with them on refactoring their CSS. That is a very specific job. But if you go and work for a local agency and you're one of five people there, you have to wear many hats. You have to do information architecture and design. And so I think that the specialist and general conversation often gets to but where? Where are you talking about? Because it doesn't work like that in the world, at least not that I've seen. But if you want to work at a particular place, being a generalist is better than being a specialist. You want to work at a different place, then being a specialist is better. So I think that that's one tool that has seemed to help. It's like, once you pick the place that you want to work or the places that you want to work, you might say, oh, I want to work at small places. And in that case, I need to be more of a generalist. Or I'd look to go work for a big engineering or other or start up or a Silicon Valley company, and there they need somebody who is hyper focused at a particular thing. Yeah, and we're seeing some other similar questions here. I'm summarizing some of these, but there seems to be there's a lag, as well. So someone is mentioning here that they work for a startup. And when they're giving the CSS part of the interview, that the interview questions are kind of out of outdated. They're about algorithms, or they're-- so that's also part of it. It's the standardization. So I think that that's a very how do we-- and I don't know the answer to that. I don't know if anyone knows the answer, but how do you balance this need for standardization versus someone's skill set? And I think it goes back to what you're saying, Eric, too. Some of it is salary, unfortunately. Job titles, job descriptions, all of those things are important. Yeah. And the larger the organization, the more that tends to matter. I think-- because I don't know what Facebook is like when it comes to this, but I'm sure they have a distinction between engineer and senior engineer, just to make a super simple example out of it. And there might be different levels of senior engineer and different levels of non-senior engineer, and entry level and so on. And yeah, it starts to get down to well, if I can meet the requirements that somebody wrote in order to qualify for this next level of title, then I can increase my salary by 10% or whatever. And I would understand wanting to, even if those-- even if those requirements are arbitrary and were written five years ago, and don't really apply anymore. It's, like, oh, it looks like I have to go learn PHP2. Right. Because I've updated it. Right. So-- Right. And we're seeing some of that. So Heidi from Seattle, I'm guessing, because she mentions it in her question, says, you know, can I get a job writing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript without any training in the back end, because in Seattle the answer I've been given is no. Why would we hire you when we can have both? And then she goes on to ask, is that true in all major cities? So-- I think that's kind of like a similar tack of-- you know, it speaks to the fact that there is this perception out there. I don't think that that's true in all major cities. And I think that it might be hard to find. I think that's definitely the case. But I also think that there is-- I've seen enough of two-person, three-person design studios that are looking for their first developer. And you know what they'll do? They'll take somebody who can write HTML and CSS, at a good price, over trying to poach a Silicon Valley engineer for $250,000 a year. So I think that they may be hard to find, because maybe they don't publicize as well as, you know, Facebook's recruiting group or something like that. But I think that, you know, they're in there. They're buried, you know. They're not at the surface, because the Amazons and the Microsofts and the Googles, they have a lot of press power and, you know, for good reason, a lot of them. So I think it's just a bit harder to find. But I do think that they're out there. I've seen them out there. Yeah, and, again, that comes back to what Dan was saying. What kind of-- where do you want to work? Right. If you're OK with working at a small firm, then that skill set is OK. But if you're really dead set on, I want to work-- you know, I want the golden handcuffs of a large organization with the great benefits, then you're going to have to come up to whatever level they're looking for. And, unfortunately, I think a lot of businesses, a lot of tech businesses, much like we ourselves, have sold ourselves on a why that we, you know, you have to always know the latest and greatest. And in the programming world, to some degree, that makes sense, right? If you're learning PHP2, like, why are you learning that. Nobody-- we're on PHP5 now. Or, you know-- Yeah. I'm, you know, see your ruby, or whatever it is. Right, like, learning the version of the language two major versions ago makes no sense, because the code that you learned might not even, like, work today. Right. So, therefore, you must know the latest and greatest. But, again, you know, we're talking about a medium where the first web page that was ever made, right, Tim Berners-Lee's literal first web page still renders perfectly fine in current browsers. And, for that matter, is responsive, by nature. Right. Not in the like media query way, but it completely flexes. And this is a medium where there's much more value placed on backwards compatibility than on latest and greatest. But a lot of these requirements come from people who work in a world where latest and greatest is all that matters. Yeah, exactly. That's a great point. Yeah, and I think that, because-- yeah, there is this notion that, again, that just because the web is constantly evolving, which it is, I mean, there's no doubt that this is the case, but it's-- you know, you can't throw the baby out with the bathwater, right? So there's-- there's important-- important fundamental concepts that haven't changed, that will always remain the same. And accessibility is one of them. Performance is another one of those. So, we're almost at the end of this. Let me just see-- these kind of last questions here. OK. So-- yeah-- so one of the last questions we have here is, again, there's an emphasis on computer science fundamentals that a lot of organizations are looking for, do you see a lack of HTML and CSS skills in companies that emphasize hiring full stack developers? Well, it's hard to kind of-- yeah-- Eric, what do you think about that one? That's an interesting question. I'm not sure about that. What do you think, Dan? That is a tough one. I remember, the way I grew up on learning HTML and CSS-- and this goes a little bit back to your question, Jeremy, about standardization-- I think one of the things that we can better standardize and have better interviews and things like that is to open source and to block. I learned a lot that way. And I remember reading blogs, and reading books, and reading, and just seeing how people are doing things. And I remember launching web sites, and people commenting on my blog, on the blog post-launch, hey, I wonder why you use an H1 there instead of an H2, having full discussions in the comment threads about that stuff. And I don't see that happening as much. And I get why, the internet is flooded with much more of that stuff, and comment threads are tough. But I think that we've lost those kinds of discussions. You know, now everything's an empty div. And-- You are right. And, yeah-- I think an answer to the question is, to a large degree, yes, companies that are, like, hyper-focused on must have full stacked developer, are really thinking JavaScript. And we'll do it-- we'll do the front end in a framework, right? And like Dan says, everything ends up being an empty div, and-- or even worse, an empty div that literally has all of the CSS meant just for that div attached to that div, and like trying to ignore the fact that CSS starts with the word cascade, which is what a lot of these frameworks do. Yes. And-- and so they-- right, because they're so focused on that work in that framework, and doing that, yeah, they don't value HTML and CSS as much as probably they should. And what's interesting is that some of those framework developers-- I'm not going to name names here-- but I've heard that one of the frameworks where they like took all the CSS and inlined it-- and that was the whole point, right, like, they did that on purpose. The people who did that have since realized that there are reasons they shouldn't have done that. And they kind of wish they hadn't, right, because eventually you start to realize there are reasons that the technology is the way that it is. And when you try to hack your way around it, you often end up falling prey to the problems that those technologies had already solved. Just to play the other side a little bit. I think that part of the responsibility falls on the developer to prove the value of HTML and CSS, right? Because what we often hear is people, you know, the rallying cry is progressive enhancement, progressive enhancement. And people don't know what that means. And what they actually should be crying, which is the same argument, but just a different spin on it, is more people can use our website. You know, that's what progressive enhancement means. Yeah. But we often think of progressive enhancement, right, as a means to an end, as the end, not a means to an end. And I think that that's on us to solve. We have to change our rhetoric in order to get people to listen to it in the way that we want them to. So I think that, certainly, like, the industry is traveling that way, but we're not helping. So I think that one way that we can help is to say, like, how do we speak the language of the people that this is important to? Accessibility is a vague rallying cry. But more people using our web site, more people being able to access our content, that's way more-- that resonates more. So I feel like we have-- you know, we can take that on as part of what we can do, is to say, here's why HTML and CSS is valuable, not just on its own, but because it gives us these benefits. Nice. Nice wrap-up. I could not have said it better myself. Well, we, believe it or not, are at the end of our hour. So, before we head off, this is the chance-- anything that either of you are doing in the near or short term that you want to talk about? Eric, I know you have your CSS book that just came out. An Event Apart, Denver is coming up in December. Anything else ? For me, it's the 2018 Event Apart schedule, which we announced. And, also, I'm about to-- now that the fourth edition is done for the Definitive Guide-- I'm actually going to now do a fifth edition of the pocket reference, and update it to reflect what's in the-- what's in the fourth edition of the guide, and correct some-- correct some things that were true when the fourth edition of the pocket reference came out, but are no longer true. I was flipping through it the other day, and I was, like, what is this property? I don't even-- what, what? That's next on my plate. Nice, and you get to do a full plate, because CSS, as we have said, is a big language. Yes, well, that and I'm actually going to get in some time playing Kerbal Space Program again. Oh, nice, nice. Looking forward to seeing that orbit. Yes. Excellent. And, Dan, how about you? Anything on the horizon? The next thing on my list is to read the fifth edition of the CSS Definitive Guide. So there you go. Well said. That will keep you busy awhile. Sorry. Well, thank you, again, gentlemen, for joining me. This was very cool. And thanks, everyone, for attending. There will be a link to this recording sent out to everyone who registered. Even if you didn't register, we'll be making the link available for free online. You can check out-- we do have a site on YouTube, or channel on YouTube, I should say, where you can see this stuff. So a lot of our past webinars are up there. So, feel free to look for Aquent Gymnasium where this webinar will end up, eventually. Having said that, I bid everyone adieu. And, again, thanks a lot. And thank you, gentlemen, once again. Thank you. Take care. Bye bye.

Bok ljudi! Ja sam Nikola Kraljević, osnivač Pleme-a. Radujem se sudjelovanju na Crodiaspora Summit-u ove godine u Supetru na Braču. Veselim se što ću imati priliku razgovarati s ljudima iz Hrvatske i hrvatskog iseljeništva o tehnologiji, cybersecurity-u i kako možemo raditi zajedno u budućnosti. Vidimo se!

Bhola! Meet Bhola. My childhood friend. Our friendship knows no rules. Because this friendship needs no schools. Look at those tusks! It takes a worthy hunter to match a prey this magnificent. He seems to be eating a man. Despite being an ass you know little about animals. Shankara! Welcome home, Raj! - I missed you so much. You are the one who left home- and you are the one missing us. How about a bout? - Ha! I don't want your bones to break. Then who will save the jungle. Be careful, Raj. You too! Who are you? A God? An immortal? In my commandments, even God dies! Raj, they won't be able to escape. I won't let them get away either! Tell Me! Oh! God, such anger? I am a friend.

>> The Republican plan to repeal and replace Obamacare is coming under fire. >> NARRATOR: President Trump had little patience for the Republicans' ideological squabbles. He wanted a win, and quickly. >> Are we even going to see a vote on the Obamacare repeal? It's the big question. >> He sees, on paper, Republicans control everything. This should be easy, fellas, right? Let's get together. We don't even need the Democrats. But the difference there is, what the Freedom Caucus think is acceptable is not in line with what Paul Ryan and his leadership thinks are acceptable. And so now we're fighting amongst ourselves. >> Lawmakers, many of them members of the Freedom Caucus, will be meeting with President Trump, these are individuals who have already expressed... >> NARRATOR: But Trump relied on his own abilities as a salesman, and if Ryan couldn't sell the bill, he would. >> Trump said, "I can overwhelm this town with my personality." President Trump was trying to overwhelm Washington. >> I just want to say that these are folks that were either a "no" or a "maybe." >> To consume Washington with his spirit, his personality, his willfulness to get things done. >> All of these nos or potential nos are all yeses. >> That's the businessman in him, that he understands the backslap, the Oval Office lunch, the Air Force One ride, that personal attention, those relationships, can largely help pull one or two votes or make a lasting friend. >> ...sit-down with members of the Freedom Caucus are vowing not to vote... >> NARRATOR: But the president didn't seem to understand or care about the details of the bill he was trying to sell. >> Trump is praising the new legislation... >> It was very striking, and I interviewed a number of the participants of these meetings, just how little Trump understood or really cared to understand the key provisions. He would just simply say, "Look, guys, we need a win. We need to put this win on the board." And he just seemed uncomprehending and uninterested. >> The president was not particularly engaged in the policy details. That was pretty apparent. The president seemed to defer to Congress, largely, and basically, you know, "Whatever you guys pass, I'll sign." >> NARRATOR: Unable or unwilling to get into the specifics of the bill, Trump struggled to win over the Freedom Caucus and other holdouts. >> President Trump his entire career had cut deals in non-ideological situations. Now he was confronted with a totally ideological situation. Winning over an ideologue's not like winning over someone in a real estate deal because they have a core conviction which may prevent them from coming over to the other side. It's not all transactional. >> Here at the White House, it is all hands on deck. >> NARRATOR: The bill was stuck, the president increasingly taking the blame. >> The question, can he get enough Republican votes to pass the health care... >> NARRATOR: Frustrated, he headed to Capitol Hill to confront his party. >> A growing number of conservative Republicans are now warning... >> NARRATOR: No more backslapping and cheerleading. Now, an ultimatum. >> Can you get the votes, Mr. President? >> Think so. >> Finally, Trump kind of just throws up his hands and says, "You know what? This is the ultimatum. You have until this day. You have this deadline, and if you can't get it done, we're moving on." >> Mr. President, did you make a persuasive case in what... >> NARRATOR: It was classic Donald Trump. >> We had a great meeting... >> NARRATOR: The Freedom Caucus would either get on board, or the president would walk away from the effort to repeal Obamacare and make sure they got the blame. >> The pressure was so massive, and this was the atmosphere that the Freedom Caucus was in. They knew the spotlight was theirs. >> NARRATOR: At the deadline, they decided to call the president's bluff. Ryan headed to the White House to warn Trump that they'd failed. >> I'm told Ryan was ice-cold, very calm throughout the whole car ride and the visit to the White House because he had to convey a simple message. He did what he could, but the votes weren't there. >> I was there, I was in the Oval Office when he arrived. Speaker Ryan was very candid and very forthright. He said, "We're going to pull the bill. We don't have the votes." >> Donald Trump is a man who expects action. This notion of pulling a bill is unacceptable. "You told me we're going to get it done." He promised the American people, "We're going to repeal and replace Obamacare." So when he hears, "We have to pull the bill because we don't have the votes," he's beside himself. >> NARRATOR: After Ryan left, the president picked up the phone to call the "Washington Post," determined that he not be blamed. (phone dialing) >> I get a call on a Friday afternoon and it's President Trump. Trump says, "I've pulled the bill." He tells me the Republican Party is broken. "I don't need this broken Republican Party," he said, "if they're not going to really help me, if they're not going to get their stuff together." What he really wanted was a win. He wasn't pushing for an ideological win, he wasn't pushing for a political win. He wanted a win for Donald Trump, and the Republican Party failed him. >> Congress failed to pass a Republican bill to reform... >> In the end, the self-proclaimed closer couldn't close the deal.

While self-driving and autonomous vehicles are still being developed, much of the technology to drive them is already here. Systems that combine automatic steering and adaptive cruise control can make driving easier, especially in stop and go traffic. But to be clear, these are not safety systems. It's important for consumers to know which ones perform well, and the safest way to use them. Consumer Reports looked at four of these systems. Tesla's Autopilot, Volvo's Pilot Assist, Nissan's ProPILOT Assist, and Cadillac's Super Cruise. We evaluated them on our auto test track, and on public highways. Testers drove the cars multiple times, both as a leading and following vehicle, and we focused on five important aspects of each system. First, how well the system performed the primary functions of maintaining speed and steering the car in its lane. Second, whether the system was easy to use and gave the driver clear feedback on the system's status. Third, whether the systems could only be activated in safe conditions, and how effectively did they alert the drivers to not use the technology when they shouldn't? Fourth, how the system ensures the driver is still paying attention to the road, and ready to take over if there is a problem. And fifth, how the technology reacts if it detects that the driver is no longer providing the appropriate feedback. So how did each system perform? Let's start at the bottom of the list. Volvo's Pilot Assist proved to be the least capable system in our testing, struggling to keep the car in the proper lane. We also found the system complicated to engage. And if Pilot Assist receives no input from the driver applying pressure to the steering wheel, it turns off the whole system completely, and that could be a real problem the driver is incapacitated. For example, if there a medical emergency. In response to questions from Consumer Reports, Volvo said there's little chance that a driver would become completely incapacitated, saying it's a small risk. At number three on our list is Nissan's ProPILOT Assist Suite. One highlight with the system is when ProPILOT Assist stops receiving feedback from the driver, it does a good job of trying to keep the driver safe by tapping the brakes a number of times to get the driver's attention before bringing the car to a complete stop in its lane. Number two is Tesla's Autopilot system. It's simple to engage with a stock, and the system displays lots of information about its operation to the driver. It also excelled in keeping the car centered in its lane and maintaining its speed and distance to others on the road. However, the system works so well, that it increases the driver's chance to check out and get distracted behind the wheel. An occasional pull or resting a hand on the steering wheel is all that's needed to keep autopilot functioning, but that's not a sufficient way to make sure the driver is paying attention. Number one, Cadillac's Super Cruise, for providing the best balance of capability and safeguards. It stands out for its use of cameras and sophisticated eye-tracking technology to confirm the driver is looking towards the road ahead. If Super Cruise senses your eyes are off the road, it alerts the driver to look forward. We also like that Super Cruise limits where it can be turned on to only divided highways. This means it can't be used on back roads, or other places where these systems are less likely to work safely. We did find that Super Cruise was a little difficult to engage, as it requires the driver to be precisely in the middle of the lane to turn on the system. But this is a minor annoyance to an otherwise excellent implementation of this technology. For its part, Cadillac says it will continue to update the system as needed. For more on self-driving technology, check out consumerreports.org.

I close my eyes but I am still standing here Lost in somewhere between the desert and the sea As always I keep moving on But I don't know where to go now There is more of this, I didn't know There are paths where I haven't gone and paths where I can't go I've never felt this way before Am I growing up now? What's taking me so long? to find the right road I'm screaming in confusion Never leave me alone Even thought there is no hope left I still believe You can find the right path Once you have lost your way Lost my way Running, pushing through the rainstorm all day long without rest Lost my way In a big, complicated world without escape Lost my way Lost my way I've wander every corner, but I still believe in myself Lost my way Found my way Lost my way Found my way I remember when I saw ants walking from their home They didn't even know how to find the road Constantly crawling and moving forward To find something to eat, searching until the corners You know, the reason for this frustation I believe that we are on the right road If we ever find what we've been looking for Like those ants we'll happily return home What's taking me so long? to find the right road I'm screaming in confusion Don't you leave me alone Even thought there is no hope left, I still believe You can find the right path, once you have lost your way Lost my way Running, pushing through the rainstorm all day long without rest Lost my way In a big, complicated world without escape Lost my way Lost my way I've wander every corner, but I still believe in myself So long, all of my dreams and my hopes are so far now So long, I may be a little slow on my own I know I need to take this path, even if I go far I will take it back I'll never, I will never, I will never lose my dream Lost my way Running, pushing through the rainstorm all day long without rest Lost my way In a big, complicated world without escape Lost my way Lost my way I've wander every corner, but I still believe in myself Lost my way Found my way Lost my way Found my way

Here's how to pair your PlayStation DualShock 4 Wireless Controller with your Apple TV, iPad, or iPhone. First, open the Bluetooth settings on your device. On Apple TV, open Settings, select Remotes and Devices, and then Bluetooth. On iPad and iPhone, open Settings and tap Bluetooth. To put your controller in pairing mode, hold down the PS and Share buttons until the light on top starts flashing. ♪ Music playing ♪ Then just select your controller when it appears in the device list. ♪ Game time. ♪

Ukrainian: - Ми говорили про ембріональний кровообіг, про всі різні та цікаві пристосування, що ембріон має для регуляції життя в матці, в тілі матері. Проте коли дитина народжується-- тільки з'являється на світ після пологів в її тілі вібуваються значні зміни. Фактично, кожне пристосування відіграє важливу роль в перші хвилини, години, дні життя. Я перерахую ще раз ці пристосування, і ми побачимо що ж відбудеться одразу після народження. Тож ми знаємо, що відбувається до народження і як дитина пристосовується до умов, проте цікаво які перетворення відбуваються після народження і що дитина робить коли відокремлюється від мами і починає самостійно дихати. І наступні два запитання це ідея про те-- які ж найбільші зміни відбудуться? Portuguese: A circulação do bebê logo após o nascimento Nós conversamos sobre circulação fetal, e eu já falei sobre tudo as diferentes e interessantes adaptações que o feto tem que fazer para ter certeza de que ele poderá se adaptar à vida dentro do útero, dentro mãe. Mas quando o bebê sai digamos que o bebê acabou de nascer ele sofrerá várias mudanças Na verdade, essas adaptações, cada uma delas desempenha um papel nos primeiros minutos, horas, dias de vida. E então o que eu queria fazer é passar por todas as adaptações, imaginá-las e e ver o que realmente acontece após o nascimento. Então, nós sabemos o que acontece antes do nascimento e como o bebê se ajusta lá, mas como isso se traduz agora no que irá acontecer após o nascimento e o que o bebê tem que fazer agora que está separado da mãe e respirando por conta própria? E as primeiras duas coisas que quero salientar são uma ideia do que são as grandes mudanças? Czech: Mluvili jsme o oběhovém systému plodu. Taky jsem zmínil různé odlišnosti plodu, které mu pomáhají přizpůsobit se "životu" uvnitř dělohy, uvnitř matky. Ale když se dítě narodí, řekněme, že máme čerstvě narozené miminko. Musí se dít velké množství změn, z kterých každá má svou určenou roli v prvních minutách, hodinách a dnech života dítěte. Mým dnešním cílem je projít všechny tyto změny a zaměřit se na to, co se s dítětem děje po porodu. Už víme, co se děje před porodem a jak se dítě přizpůsobuje. Ale co se s dítětem děje po porodu? Co musí dělat, když už není fyzicky spojeno s matkou a musí samo dýchat? První dvě věci, které bych rád zmínill, jsou ty velké změny. Bulgarian: Говорихме за кръвообращението на плода и за различните интересни адаптации, които са нужни на плода, за да се гарантира че може да се нагоди към живот в матката, в майката. Но когато бебето излезе – да кажем, че бебето е току-що родено – ще се случат много промени. Всъщност, всяка от тези адаптации играе роля в първите няколко минути, часове, дни живот. И искам да разгледам всички адаптации, да помисля и да видя какво се случва точно след раждане. Знаем какво се случва преди раждането и как бебето се адаптира там, но как това се отнася към това, което ще се случи след раждането и което бебето трябва да направи сега, когато е разделено от майката и диша самостоятелно? И първите две неща, които искам да изтъкна, са идеята за – какви са големите неща, които се променят? English: We've talked about fetal circulation, and I've talked about all the different interesting adaptations that the fetus has to make sure it can adjust to life within the uterus, within mom. But when the baby comes out-- let's say the baby is just delivered-- there's got be a lot of changes that happen. In fact, these adaptations, each of them plays a role in the first few minutes, hours, days of life. And so what I wanted to do is go through all the adaptations, think through them, and see what's happening actually after birth. So we know what happens before birth and how the baby adjusts there, but how does this now translate into what's going to happen after birth and what the baby has to do now that it's separated from mom and breathing on its own? And the first two things I want to point out are the idea of-- what are the big things that are changing? Korean: 태아순환에 대해 얘기해봤습니다 태아순환에 대해 얘기해봤습니다 그리고 태아가 엄마 안에서, 자궁 안에서의 삶에 적응할 수 있도록 하는 여러 흥미로운 적응 방식에 대해 얘기해봤습니다 하지만 아기가 나왔을 때 방금 태어났을 때 많은 변화가 일어납니다 실제로 이 적응 방식들은 각각 생후 몇 분, 몇 시간, 며칠 만에 작용합니다 그래서 모든 적응 방식들을 알아보고 생각해보며 실제로 출산 후 무슨 일이 일어나는지 알아봅시다 출산 전에는 무슨 일이 일어나고 어떻게 아기가 적응하는지 압니다 하지만 출산 후에는 어떻게 그 적응 방식들이 바뀌고 아기가 산모와 분리된 채 혼자 숨을 쉬는 걸까요? 2가지 먼저 짚을게 있습니다 2가지 먼저 짚을게 있습니다 Korean: 하나는 당연히 태반입니다 태아가 40주 아니면 9달 동안 사용하던 게 이제 없습니다 태반은 아기의 순환에서 제외됩니다 잘라버릴 겁니다 두 번째 큰 변화는 난생 처음으로 공기를 들일 폐입니다 폐입니다 따라서 이 둘이 어마어마한 변화에 해당합니다 그리고 다른 수많은 과정에도 영향을 주게 될 겁니다 영향을 주게 될 겁니다 태반이 제거되고 폐에 공기가 들어올 때 무슨 일이 일어나는지 알아봅시다 태반부터 시작해봅시다 아기가 태어났다고 가정합니다 탯줄을 자르고 싶어서 탯줄 클랩프를 설치합니다 탯줄 클랩프를 설치합니다 영화에서 보거나 분만실에 가봤다면 익숙하게 처리되는걸 보셨을 겁니다 익숙하게 처리되는걸 보셨을 겁니다 익숙하게 처리되는걸 보셨을 겁니다 혹시나 아기나 산모 해칠까 걱정할 필요 없습니다 Portuguese: E uma das grandes mudanças, é claro, é a placenta, que o bebê esteve usando por 40 semanas, ou aproximadamente nove meses, já não se encontra mais ao seu redor A placenta é removida da circulação do bebê. Nós vamos removê-la E a segunda grande mudança que vai acontecer é que os pulmões devem se acostumar a puxar o ar pela primeira vez. Assim, os pulmões puxam o ar. Então, essas são as duas enormes mudanças E essas duas coisas vão acabar afetando toda uma série de outras coisas, também. Então vamos começar. Vamos ver o que acontece quando a placenta é removida e quando os pulmões puxam ar. Vamos começar com a placenta. Então, digamos que você decide que agora o bebê nasceu e você irá cortar o o cordão umbilical, e pôr uma braçadeira umbilical ali. E isso é feito com muita frequência Você já deve ter visto isto em filmes, ou se você já assistiu a um parto, você verá que isto é parte da rotina Portanto, esta é uma braçadeira umbilical pequena e está prendendo o cordão. E se você já se perguntou se isso machuca o bebê ou a mãe, Bulgarian: Едно голямо нещо е, разбира се, че плацентата, която бебето е използвало 40 седмици, или девет месеца, вече я няма. Плацентата е премахната от кръвообращението на бебето. Премахване на плацентата. И второто голямо нещо, което ще се случи, е, че белите дробове вдишват въздух за пръв път. Белите дробове поемат въздух. Това са двете огромни неща, които ще се променят. И тези две неща ще се окаже, че влияят и на много други неща. Да започнем. Да видим какво се случва, когато плацентата бъде премахната и белите дробове поемат въздух. Да започнем с плацентата. Да кажем, че бебето вече е родено, и е прерязана пъпната връв, поставяш пъпна клампа тук. И това често се прави. Ще видиш това да се прави по филмите или ако отидеш в родилно отделение, често ще виждаш това. Това е малка пъпна клампа, която клампира (притиска) пъпната връв. И ако се чудиш дали това наранява бебето Ukrainian: По-перше, це звичайно плацента яку дитина використовувала 40 тижнів, дев'ять місяців або близько до того. Плацента видаляється з кровообігу дитини. Ми обрізаємо її. По-друге, легені роблять перший вдих повітря. Тож легені заповнюються киснем. Тож це дві найбільші зміни в організмі дитини. Ці речі також впливають на інші функції також. Тож розпочнемо. Подивимося, що ж станеться коли плацента видалена і коли легені роблять перший вдих. Почнімо з плаценти. Тож ви маєте новонароджену дитину, і хочете відрізати пуповину, і затиснути її ось тут. Це часто робиться. Мабуть ви бачили в кіно, ябо якщо були присутніми на пологах, цю дію можна побачити часто. Тож це маленький пупковий затискач, що стискає пуповину. Якщо ви хвилюєтеся, що дитині або матері буде боляче, Czech: První je placenta, kterou dítě používalo 40 týdnů, tedy zhruba 9 měsíců už není dostupná, protože je odstraněná z jeho krevního oběhu. Druhou velkou změnou projdou plíce, které jsou teď samy zodpovědné za přívod vzduchu. Tyhle dvě obří změny mají vliv na nezměrné množství dalších věcí. Podívejme se, co se tedy stane, když se odstraní placenta a plíce začnou samy dýchat. Začněme placentou. Řekněme, že přivedete na svět dítě, přestřihnete pupeční šňůru a zasvorkujete ji. Určitě jste to už viděli ve filmu nebo když jste byli u porodu, je to rutinní záležitost. Máme tady svorku, která je na pupeční šňůře. English: And one big thing is, of course, that the placenta, which the baby's been using for 40 weeks, or nine months or so, is no longer around. The placenta is removed from the baby's circulation. We're going to cut it away. And the second big thing that's going to happen is that the lungs get used to bring in air for the first time. So the lungs take in air. So these are the two huge things that are going to change. And these two things are going to end up affecting a whole lot of other things, as well. So let's get started. Let's see what happens when the placenta gets removed and when the lungs take in air. Let's start with the placenta. So let's say that you decide that the baby is now delivered, and you want to cut the cord, cut the umbilical cord, and put an umbilical clamp right there. And this is often done. You'll see this done in movies, or if you've ever gone to a delivery, you'll see this done pretty routinely. So this is a little umbilical clamp, and it's clamping the cord. And if you're ever worried about whether that hurts the baby Bulgarian: или майката, отговорът е не. Понеже пъпната връв няма нерви. Това е първото интересно нещо за нея. Но това, помни – това бледожълто нещо, което е желеподобно – наричаме го желе на Уортън. Желе на Уортън. И едно от нещата, които аз намирам, че са много готини за желето на Уортън, е, че това е интересно хрумване на майката природа – желето на Уортън започва да се свива. Става по-стегнато около трите съда – двете очи и усмивката, които начертах тук, които са двете пъпни артерии и вената. Желето на Уортън започва да се свива около тези съдове, веднага след като температурата падне. Температурата пада – и, помни, температурата в майката ще е много по-висока, отколкото в стаята в родилното, така че веднага желето на Уортън бива изложено на студен въздух. И когато температурата падне, желето на Уортън започва да се свива. Korean: 그렇지 않기 때문입니다 왜냐하면 탯줄은 신경이 없기 때문입니다 흥미로운 점 중 하나입니다 여기 있는 연하고 누리끼리한 물질은 여기 있는 연하고 누리끼리한 물질은 여기 있는 연하고 누리끼리한 물질은 그리고 항상 생각하지만 와튼 젤리는 되게 멋지고 대자연의 아이디어 같은 게 있습니다 와튼 젤리는 수축하기 시작합니다 저기 웃는 얼굴처럼 보이는 3개의 관 주위로 조이기 시작합니다 저 2개는 정맥에 있는 배꼽정맥입니다 온도가 내려가자마자 와튼 젤리는 혈관들 주위로 수축하기 시작합니다 수축하기 시작합니다 엄마의 내부 온도가 외부인 분만실보다 무척 따뜻할테니 와튼 젤리는 즉시 찬 공기에 노출됩니다 그리고 온도가 떨어질 때 와튼 젤리는 수축하기 시작합니다 Ukrainian: то їм не буде. Тому що пуповина не має нервових закінчень. Це перша річ. Ця жовтувата речовина називається Вартонові дриглі. Найцікавіше про Вартонові дриглі є те, що вони починають стискатися. Вони тісно стискають три судини-- два ока і смайл, що я намалював її так, це дві пупкові артерії та вена. Тож Вартонові дриглі стискаються навколо цих судин як тільки температура падає. Пам'ятаєте, температура в мамі буде більша, ніж ззовні в родильній палаті, тож Вартонові дриглі миттєво затвердіють на холодному повітрі. Коли температура впаде, Вартонові дриглі скоротяться. Czech: Jestli máte strach, že to to dítě nebo matku bolí, tak nebolí. V pupeční šňůře totiž nejsou nervy. To je dost zajímavé. Pak tady máme nažloutlou, želatinovou hmotu, která se nazývá Whartonův rosol. Jedna z věcí, která je na něm skvělá je, že je to výborný nápad matky přírody. Tento rosol se totiž začne srážet okolo tří cév, já jsem je tady nakreslil jako oči a pusu toho panáčka. Jsou to dvě pupečníkové tepny a pupečníková žíla. A ten rosol na nich začne tuhnout, jakmile poklesne teplota. Musíte si uvědomit, že uvitř dělohy je mnohem tepleji, než na porodním sále. Whartonův rosol je tedy hned vystaven nižší teplotě, a v tu chvíli se začne srážet, což způsobí, English: or the mother, it doesn't. Because the umbilical cord does not have nerves. So that's kind of the first interesting thing about it. But this stuff, remember-- this pale yellowish stuff that's kind of jelly-like-- we call this Wharton's jelly. Wharton's jelly. And one of the things that I always thought was really cool about Wharton's jelly is that it's a really interesting Mother Nature-type idea, that the Wharton's jelly starts contracting. It gets kind of tighter around the three vessels-- the two eyes and the smiley face that I've drawn here, which are the two umbilical arteries in the vein. The Wharton's jelly starts squeezing around those vessels as soon as the temperature falls. So temperature falls-- and remember, the temperature in the mom is going to be much warmer than it is outside in the delivery room, so immediately that Wharton's jelly is exposed to cold air. And when the temperature falls, the Wharton's jelly starts to contract, causes contraction. Portuguese: a resposta é não . Uma vez que o cordão umbilical não tem nervos. Então, este é o primeiro fato interessante sobre isso. Mas este material, este material amarelado claro, que é como uma geléia, é o que chamamos de geléia de Wharton. geléia de Wharton. E uma das coisas que eu sempre achei legal sobre a geleia de Wharton é que a sua reação é tipo mãe natureza, pois a geleia de Wharton começa a se contrair. Ela fica meio apertada ao redor dos três vasos - essa carinha sorridente que eu desenhei aqui, que são as duas artérias umbilicais e a veia umbilical. a geléia de Wharton começa a se espremer em torno desses vasos assim que a temperatura cai. Então a temperatura cai, e lembre-se que a temperatura da mãe será muito superior à temperatura ambiente da sala de parto, então imediatamente a geléia de Wharton fica exposta ao ar frio. E quando a temperatura cai, a geleia de Wharton começa a se contrair, provoca contração. English: And of course, that's going to squeeze down on all the vessels inside. It's going to basically clamp down on them. And so it's almost like we have this man-made clamp that I drew in orange, but the Wharton's jelly is kind of a natural clamp that we already have. So we're taking this very low-resistance placenta-- remember, it used to be very low-resistance, a lot of blood liked to flow in that direction-- and creating really high-resistance. So this is the first big change, is that the placenta gets removed and you go from low-resistance to high-resistance. So that's a key idea. Now as a result of the high-resistance-- remember, there used to be blood flowing through the umbilical vein, but now in the first few days, there's really no blood flowing through here. All the blood starts clotting off. And that's true even of the ductus venosus. You get some blood clots in there. So you don't really have any flow anymore, and in the first few days, you really completely Ukrainian: І це вплине на судини всередині. Вони стиснуть їх. Це виглядатиме так начебто ви взяли саморобний затискач, я намалював його оранжевим, проте Вартонові дриглі це природний затискач, що ви вже маєте. Ми говоримо про низький тиск в плаценті-- він був дуже низьким, багато крові текло в цьому напрямі-- створюючи високий тиск. Це перша велика зміна, плацента видалена і ви перейшли від низького тиску до високого. Це ключова ідея. Тепер як результат є високий тиск-- пам'ятайте, кров текла через пупкову вену, проте в перші дні, там не було потоку крові. Вся кров звернулася. Це правдиво і для венозної протоки. Кров звернулася там теж. Тож ви більше не маєте потоку, і у перші декілька днів, ви втратите Czech: že se ty tepny a žíly začnou uzavírat. Máme tedy jak uměle vyrobenou svorku, kterou jsem nakreslil oranžově, tak přírodní, rosolovitou. Takže odstraníme placentu, která měla velmi nízký odpor a teklo do ní velké množství krve a kontrakcí těchto cév vytvoříme velmi velký odpor. To je obrovský přechod. Placenta je odstraněna a přecházme od malého odporu k velkému odporu. To je klíčová myšlenka. Jako výsledek této přírodní svorky se, během pár dní, veškerá krev, která dříve proudila v pupečníkové žíle začne srážet. To platí i pro ductus venosus. Začnou se tvořit jakési krevní sraženiny. Portuguese: E, claro, que ela vai espremer todos os vasos lá dentro. Vai, basicamente, grampeá-los Então é como se fosse este grampo feito pelo homem que eu desenhei em laranja, mas a geléia de Wharton é uma espécie de braçadeira natural que já temos. Então, nós estamos pegando essa placenta de baixa resistência -- lembre-se, que ela costumava ter muito baixa resistência, muito sangue gostava de fluir naquela direção e criando altíssima resistência. Então esta é a primeira grande mudança, o fato da placenta ter sido removida e ir de baixa resistência para uma alta. Então essa é uma ideia-chave. Agora, como um resultado da alta resistência -- lembre-se, costumava haver sangue fluindo através da veia umbilical, mas agora, nos primeiros dias, não haverá nenhum sangue fluindo por aqui. Todo o sangue começa a coagular. E isso é verdade até mesmo para o ducto venoso. Você encontra um pouco de sangue coagulado lá. Então, realmente não tem mais nenhuma fluxo e nos primeiros dias, você realmente perde Bulgarian: И, разбира се, това ще притисне всички кръвоносни съдове, които са вътре. Това ще ги клампира. Действа почти като изработена от човек клампа, която нарисувах в оранжево, но желето на Уортън е естествена клампа, която вече имаме. Взимаме тази плацента с много ниско съпротивление – помни, тя беше с много ниско съпротивление, много кръв предпочиташе да тече в тази посока – и създаваме високо съпротивление. Това е първата голяма промяна – че плацентата бива премахната и преминаваш от ниско съпротивление към високо съпротивление. Това е ключовата идея. Като резултат от високото съпротивление – помни, преди през пъпната вена течеше кръв, но сега, в първите няколко дни, оттук не протича кръв. Всичката кръв започва да се съсирва. И това важи дори за венозния канал. Получаваш кръвни съсиреци там. Вече нямаш поток и в първите няколко дни Korean: 그리고 당연하게 안에 있는 관을 압박합니다 그리고 당연하게 안에 있는 관을 압박합니다 그리고 당연하게 안에 있는 관을 압박합니다 거의 여기 있는 오렌지색 클램프처럼 인공 클램프가 있는 거 같지만 와튼 젤리는 이미 가지고 있던 자연산 클램프입니다 따라서 매우 작은 저항을 가지고 많은 혈류가 향하던 태반에 매우 큰 저항을 만든 겁니다 매우 큰 저항을 만든 겁니다 이것이 첫 번째 큰 변화입니다 태반이 제거되며 작은 저항에서 큰 저항으로 바뀝니다 큰 저항으로 바뀝니다 돌이켜 보자면 높은 저항의 결과로 탯줄정맥을 통해 혈액이 흘렀습니다 하지만 생후 며칠간은 혈액이 흐르지 않습니다 모든 혈액이 굳어지기 시작합니다 정맥관도 마찬가지입니다 여기에 혈전이 조금 생깁니다 따라서 흐름이 결국 없어집니다 생후 며칠간 흐름이 완전히 없어집니다 English: lose any flow through those things. So this becomes non-used, or unused, over the first few days of life. Now you still have blood flowing from the portal vein into the liver, and you still have blood going up the inferior vena cava, and this is all deoxygenated blood, so that is still the same as before. And this deoxygenated blood now has no new fresh oxygen to mix with. So I'm not going to color it purple. I'm going to leave it the same blue color. So deoxygenated blood comes up from the legs and it comes down from the head and the arms, from the superior vena cava. And now all this deoxygenated blood fills in the right atrium, and some of that blood is going to now go into the right ventricle, so let's color that in blue. And it's going to get squeezed out into the pulmonary arteries from the right ventricle, so let me color that in the same deoxygenated blue color. And this is headed toward the lungs. Portuguese: todo o fluxo nesta área Então isso se torna não-utilizado ou, inútil durante os primeiros dias de vida. Agora você ainda tem sangue que flui a partir da veia porta para o fígado, e você ainda tem o sangue subindo a veia cava inferior, e isso é tudo o sangue venoso, de modo que ainda é o mesmo que antes. E este sangue venoso agora não tem nenhum novo oxigênio fresco com que se misturar. Então eu não vou pintar de roxo. Vou deixá-lo na mesma cor de azul. Então o sangue venoso sobe pelas pernas e ele desce da cabeça e dos braços, a partir da veia cava superior. E agora todo esse sangue venoso preenche o átrio direito, e parte desse sangue agora vai entrar no ventrículo direito, então vamos colorir aqui de azul. E ele será espremido para as artérias pulmonares do ventrículo direito, então deixe-me colorir ali na mesma cor do azul venoso. E então ele se dirige aos pulmões. Ukrainian: потік. Це відбудеться тому, що в перші дні життя ці судини не застосовуватимуться. Тепер кров потече через Ворітну вену в печінку, і кров піде у нижню порожнисту вену, і це буде деоксигенована кров, це буде так само як і раніше. Ця кров не отримає свіжого кисню для змішування. Я не буду малювати її багряним. А залишу її блакитного кольору. Тож бідна на кисень кров піде від ніг до рук та вниз від голови та рук, через верхню порожнисту вену. І тепер бідна на кисень кров заповнить праве передсердя, і трохи крові піде у правий шлуночок, що забарвлений блакитним. Кров буде виштовхнута в легеневі артерії з правого шлуночка, я замалюю її блакитним кольором. Далі вона потрапить в легені. Czech: V prvních dnech se z těchto míst tedy vytrácí krevní oběh. Stane se to nepoužívanou částí. Neokysličená krev stále proudí skrz portální žílu do jater a skrz dolní dutou žílu. To všechno zůstává stejné. Do krve nyní není přívod čestvého kyslíku, takže ji zaznačím modře. Neokysličená krev nyní proudí jak z nohou, tak z hlavy a rukou horní dutou žilou. Všechna tato neokysličená krev plní pravou srdeční předsíň. Něco se přesune do pravé srdeční komory a z pravé srdeční komory pak do plicních tepen. Vybarvím ji tedy také modře. A poté krev míří do plic. Bulgarian: напълно спира целия поток през тези неща. Това става неизползвано през първите няколко дни живот. Все още имаш кръв, протичаща през порталната вена в черния дроб, и все още имаш кръв, течаща нагоре по долната куха вена и всичко това е бедна на кислород кръв, така че това е същото като преди. И тази бедна на кислород кръв сега няма нов свеж кислород, с който да се смеси. Така че няма да я оцветя в лилаво. Ще я оставя в същия син цвят. Бедна на кислород кръв идва от краката и слиза надолу от главата и ръцете от горната куха вена. И сега цялата тази бедна на кислород кръв запълва дясното предсърдие и част от тази кръв ще навлезе в десния вентрикул. Нека оцветим това в синьо. И ще бъде изпомпана в белодробните артерии от десния вентрикул, така че нека оцветя това в същия син цвят за бедна на кислород кръв. И това е насочено към белите дробове. Korean: 생후 며칠간 흐름이 완전히 없어집니다 생후 며칠동안 쓰지 않게 되는거죠 생후 며칠동안 쓰지 않게 되는거죠 아직 간문맥에서 간으로 혈액이 흐르고 하대정맥으로 혈액이 흐르는데 전부 전과 같이 산소가 부족한 혈액입니다 그리고 이 혈액은 이제 섞일 신선한 산소가 없습니다 그리고 이 혈액은 이제 섞일 신선한 산소가 없습니다 그래서 보라색으로 칠하지 않겠습니다 같은 파란색으로 남겨 두겠습니다 산소가 부족한 혈액은 다리 밑에서 올라오고 머리와 팔에서도 상대정맥을 통해 내려옵니다 그러고선 우심방을 채우게 됩니다 혈액의 일부는 우심실로 들어가기 때문에 파란색으로 칠합시다 파란색으로 칠합시다 또 우심실에서 폐동맥으로 혈액이 흐를테니 똑같이 파란색으로 칠합니다 폐를 향하고 있습니다 English: Now in the lungs, what was happening? Well, initially, remember we had these little alveoli. And they're full of fluid. And that fluid now is going to get replaced by air. So air is going to push the fluid out. Air is going to push all that fluid out. And what's on the outside? Well, we've got little capillaries. So we've got these capillaries, and the fluid will enter the capillary. But remember, right before the capillary is the arteriole. Let me actually sketch it a little bit smaller, the arteriole. Because it used to be very constricted. Remember, there was that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. But now that you have air in there, the oxygen levels are rising in the alveolus. And what that's going to do is that's going to send a signal over to the arteriole-- this is our arteriole-- to say, hey, it's time to open up now. It's time to finally dilate. So this arteriole is excited. Ukrainian: Що трапиться в легенях? Пам'ятаєте спочатку ми мали маленькі альвеоли, що були заповнені рідиною. Тепер вона буде замінена повітрям. Тож повітря витіснить її. Повітря буде витісняти всю легеневу рідину. Що ж буде назовні? Ми отримали маленькі капіляри. Легенева рідина буде поступати в капіляри. Проте пам'ятаєте перед капілярами є артеріоли. Зменшимо малюнок. Тож артеріоли. Вони мали здатність стискатися. В результаті гіпоксичної легеневої вазоконстрикції. Тепер ви маєте повітря, а в альвеолах рівень кисню зростає. Сигнал буде поступати до артеріол--це наша артеріола-- це буде знаком для їх розширення. Ця артеріола буде стимулюватися. Portuguese: e agora, nos pulmões, o que estava acontecendo? Bem, inicialmente, lembre-se que tínhamos esses pequenos alvéolos. E eles estão cheios de fluido. E que agora o fluido vai ser substituído por ar. Assim, o ar vai empurrar o fluido para fora. o ar vai empurrar todo aquele fluido para fora E o que temos do lado de fora? Bem, nós temos pequenos capilares. Então, nós temos estes capilares, e o fluido entrará no capilar. Mas lembre-se, um pouco antes do capilar é a arteríola. vou desenhar um pouco menor, arteríola. Porque ela costumava ser muito apertada. Lembre-se, havia aquela vasoconstrição pulmonar hipóxica Mas agora que temos ar lá dentro, os níveis de oxigênio começam a subir no alvéolo. E o que isso acarreta é que é vai enviar um sinal para a arteríola esta é a nossa arteríola -- e ele fala, olá, é hora de abrir agora. É hora de finalmente se dilatar. Portanto, esta arteríola fica animada. Czech: A teď, co se děje v plicích. Vzpomeňme si, že v plicích plodu byly plicní sklípky plné tekutiny. A tato tekutina je nyní nahrazena vzduchem. Vzduch tu tekutinu vytlačí. V těsné blízkosti plicních sklípků protékají vlásečnice (kapiláry), a vytlačená tekutina se tedy dostává do nich. Musíme si ale uvědomit, že ještě před vlásečnicemi je tepénka. Ta až doteď byla málo průchozí, vzpomeťe si na hypoxickou plicní vazokonstrikci. Ale jak se do sklípků postupně dostává vzduch, tak i ta tepna dostává Korean: 폐에서는 무슨 일이 일어나고 있었죠? 처음에는 폐포가 액체로 가득 차있었습니다 처음에는 폐포가 액체로 가득 차있었습니다 그리고 그 액체는 이제 공기로 대체됩니다 공기가 액체를 밀어냅니다 공기가 액체를 밀어냅니다 밖에는 작은 모세혈관들이 있습니다 액체는 모세혈관으로 들어갑니다 액체는 모세혈관으로 들어갑니다 하지만 모세혈관 바로 전에는 세동맥입니다 하지만 모세혈관 바로 전에는 세동맥입니다 수축해 있었기 때문에 조금 더 작게 그립니다 떠올리자면 여기에 저산소폐혈관수축이 있었습니다 하지만 이제 공기가 있으니 폐포의 산소 수치가 상승합니다 폐포의 산소 수치가 상승합니다 이것이 세동맥에 신호를 보냅니다 열릴 시간이 다 됐다고 팽창할 시간이라고 보냅니다 팽창할 시간이라고 보냅니다 Bulgarian: Какво се случваше в белите дробове? В началото, спомни си, имахме тези малки алвеоли, които бяха пълни с течност. И тази течност сега бива заменена от въздух. Въздухът ще избута течността навън. Въздухът ще избута тази течност навън. Какво има отвън? Имаме малки капиляри. Имаме тези капиляри и течността ще навлезе в капилярите. Но, помни, точно преди капиляра е артериолата. Нека я скицирам малко по-малка, артериолата. Преди беше много стеснена. Помни, имаше хипоксична белодробна вазоконстрикция. Но сега, когато имаш въздух тук, нивата на кислород в алвеолата се повишават. И заради това тя ще изпрати сигнал към артериолата – това е артериолата – за да ѝ каже, че е време да се отвори. Време е да се разшири. Артериолата е развълнувана. Korean: 팽창할 시간이라고 보냅니다 팽창할 시간이라고 보냅니다 팽창할 시간이라고 보냅니다 이렇게 팽창합니다 커졌다는 의미는 저항이 작아졌다는 의미입니다 저항이 작아졌다는 의미입니다 폐는 큰 저항을 갖고 있었지만 폐는 큰 저항을 갖고 있었지만 수백 만개의 폐포들이 세동맥을 팽창시키면서 저항이 감소합니다 그리고 당연히 왼쪽 폐와 오른쪽 폐 둘다 저항이 감소합니다 또 이제는 산소가 부족한 혈액이 유입될 수 있습니다 왜냐하면 처음에는 압력이 너무 큰 나머지 흘러 들어갈 수 없었습니다 하지만 폐동맥압이 떨어지고 있기에 폐로 혈액이 들어가기 쉽습니다 물론 우심실압이 떨어진다는 말입니다 물론 우심실압이 떨어진다는 말입니다 그리고 우심방압도 떨어집니다 따라서 심장의 오른쪽 부분 전체는 폐의 저항이 작아졌기 때문에 Bulgarian: Тя никога не е била разширена преди в живота си. Така че си казва: "Ура, това е шансът ми". И се разширява. Разширява се ето така. Става хубава и голяма. И когато стане голяма, какво означава това? Означава, че съпротивлението е паднало. Съпротивлението е паднало. Помни, в белите дробове преди имахме високо съпротивление. А сега милиони алвеоли карат артериолите да се отворят и съпротивлението пада. И, разбира се, това се случва от двете страни. В левия бял дроб и в десния бял дроб съпротивлението пада. И сега бедната на кислород кръв може да протече в тях. В началото тя не искаше да протича тук, понеже налягането беше толкова голямо. Но сега наляганията в белодробната артерия падат и е по-лесно да закараш кръвта до белите дробове. И това, разбира се, означава, че налягането в десният вентрикул спада. И налягането в дясното предсърдие пада. Сега цялата дясна страна на сърцето работи при по-ниско налягане, Portuguese: Ela nunca havia sido dilatada antes em sua vida. Por isso, finalmente ela diz, EBA! Essa é a minha chance. Por isso, ela dilata. Ela dilata assim. E ela fica linda, cheia e grande. E quando fica grande, o que que isso realmente significa? Isso significa que a resistência baixou. A resistência está baixa. Então lembre-se, os pulmões costumavam ter alta resistência. E agora, milhões de alvéolos estão fazendo com que as arteríolas se abram e a resistência caia. E isto acontece, é claro, em ambos os lados. Assim, no pulmão esquerdo e no pulmão direito, a resistência está caindo. E o sangue venoso agora pode entrar. Já que, inicialmente, ele não estava querendo entrar porque teria que fazer muita pressão para entrar Mas agora que as pressões arteriais pulmonares estão caindo é mais fácil para lançar o sangue para dentro dos pulmões. E isso significa, é claro, que a pressão do ventrículo direito está baixando E as pressões no átrio direito estão baixando Então todo o lado direito do coração agora está trabalhando sob pressões mais baixas Czech: signály, aby se začala roztahovat. Takže se konečně poprvé za svou existenci dilatuje. S tím také klesá odpor, který v plicích předtím byl. Teď ale miliony plicních sklípků způsobují to, že se tepny rozšiřují a odpor tím klesá. Tento proces probíhá na obou plicích. Neokysličená krev už tedy může téct do plic, což předtím kvůli vysokému tlaku, který teď klesl, nemohla. Tím také klesá tlak v pravé srdeční komoře a v pravé srdeční předsíni. Celá pravá polovina srdce tak pracuje pod nižším tlakem jen díky poklesu English: It's never really been very dilated before in its life. So it finally says, yay, it's my chance. So it dilates. It dilates like this. And it's nice and plump and big. And when it gets big, what does that really mean? It means that the resistance has fallen. Resistance has fallen. So remember, the lungs used to have high resistance. And now, millions of alveoli are causing the arterioles to open up and resistance falls. And this happens, of course, on both sides. So on the left lung and the right lung, the resistance is falling. And that deoxygenated blood now can flow in. Because initially, it wasn't really wanting to flow in because the pressures had to be so great. But now the pulmonary artery pressures are falling. It's easier to actually get the blood into the lungs. And that means, of course, the right ventricular pressures are falling. And the right atrial pressures are falling. So the entire right side of the heart now is working under lower pressures Ukrainian: До цього моменту артеріоли ніколи не були розширеними. В кінці кінців вони розширяться. Ось так. Вони стануть великими і повними. І коли вони стануть великими, що це означатиме? Це означатиме, що опір зменшився. Опір зменшився. Легені мали високий опір. Тепер мільйони альвеол відкрилися і опір знизився. Це станеться з обох сторін. У лівій і правій легені опір впаде. І бідна на кисень кров почне поступати туди. Спочатку, кров не текла туди, бо тиск був високий. Проте тепер тиск в легеневій артерії впав. І стало легше доставити кров в легені. Це означає, що тиск в правому шлуночку впав. Це відбулось і в правому передсерді теж. Тож права сторона серця зараз працює під низьким тиском Bulgarian: понеже съпротивлението в белите дробове е спаднало. И сега съпротивлението в белите дробове спада, а това означава, че ще постъпва повече кръв, а ако тя навлезе, ще отиде във всички хиляди капиляри и ще се насити с кислород. Тези капиляри ще изпратят тази кръв обратно и тя ще протече в лявото предсърдие. Тази фантастична богата на кислород кръв навлиза от двете страни, идва през тези белодробни вени. Сега много наситена на кислород кръв изпълва дясното предсърдие, което е различно от преди, понеже нямаше много поток през белия дроб. Сега имаш много кръв, протичаща тук. И в същото време наляганията в дясната страна са спаднали. Ако наляганията от дясната страна са спаднали, помисли какво се случва с овалния прозорец. Преди кръвта преминаваше през него. Но сега, понеже наляганията в дясната страна са толкова ниски, Portuguese: porque a resistência nos pulmões baixou E com a baixa resistência dos pulmões, significa que mais sangue vai entrar, e ao entrar, ele avança para todos os pequenos milhares de capilares e vai obter oxigênio. E os capilares vão para enviar tudo o que o sangue de volta e ele vai fluir para dentro do átrio esquerdo. Então você tem toda esse incrível sangue oxigenado vindo de ambos os lados, entrando naquelas veias pulmonares. Então, agora um grande volume de sangue oxigenado é despejado para o átrio esquerdo, que está diferente do que era antes, porque você não tinha muito fluxo no pulmão. Portanto, agora você tem muito sangue fluindo aqui. E, ao mesmo tempo, a pressão no lado direito diminuiu E, ao mesmo tempo, a pressão no lado direito diminuiu Então, se as pressões do lado direito diminuíram, pense no que está acontecendo com nossa forame oval. Antes, o sangue estava realmente jorrando por lá. Mas agora, porque as pressões no lado direito estão tão baixas, Czech: odporu v plicích. To také znamená, že se do plic dostane více krve, která pak bude proudit do vlásečnic, kde se okysličí a opět se vrátí do srdce. Tentokrát ale do levé srdeční předsíně. V tuto chvíli už okysličená krev přichází z obou plic do levé srdeční předsíně přes plicní žíly. Oproti začátku je to velká změna, protože teď je větší krevní průtok plícemi a zároveň se na pravé straně snížil tlak. Zaměřme se tedy na to, co se děje s otvorem mezi síněmi (foramen ovale). Na začátku přes něj proudilo hrozně moc krve. English: because the resistance in the lungs has gone down. And now the resistance in the lungs going down, that means that more blood is going to go in, and if it goes in, it's going to go into all the little thousands of capillaries and it's going to get oxygenated. And those capillaries are going to send all that blood back and it's going to flow into the left atrium. So you have all this fantastic oxygenated blood coming in from both sides, coming into those pulmonary veins. So now tons of oxygenated blood is dumping into the left atrium, which is different than before, because you didn't have much flow through the lung. So now you've got lots of blood kind of flowing in here. And at the same time, the pressures on the right side have fallen. So if pressures on the right side have fallen, think about what's happening to our foramen ovale. Before, blood was actually kind of gushing through there. But now, because the pressures on the right side are so low, Ukrainian: бо опір в легенях знизився. Тепер коли опір знизився, це означає, що більше крові поступатиме в середину, це також означатиме, що кров потрапить у тисячі капілярів і збагатиться киснем. І капіляри надсилатимуть всю кров назад і впадатиме в ліве передсердя. Тож ми матимемо чудову збагачену киснем кров, що надходить з обох сторін в легеневі вени. Тепер тони крові завантажаться в ліве передсердя, ніж раніше, бо ви не мали такого потоку через легені. Тепер ви маєте багато крові, що циркулюватиме тут. Так само тиск з правого боку впаде. Якщо тиск впаде, то що ж трапиться з овальним вікном? Раніше кров била там Проте тепер, у зв'язку з низьким тиском праворуч, Korean: 이제는 낮은 압력으로 작동합니다 그리고 폐의 저항이 감소한다는 뜻은 혈액 유입이 증가한다는 것이고 혈액이 유입되면 수 천개의 모세혈관으로 들어가서 산소를 공급 받습니다 모세혈관은 그 혈액을 다시 돌려보내어 좌심방으로 흘려 보냅니다 폐정맥을 통해 양쪽에서 산소가 풍부한 혈액이 흘러 들어옵니다 그래서 전과는 다르게 산소가 풍부한 혈액이 좌심방으로 방대하게 모여듭니다 전에는 폐를 통과하는 이만한 흐름이 없었습니다 전에는 폐를 통과하는 이만한 흐름이 없었습니다 그리고 동시에 우측의 압력이 감소했습니다 그리고 동시에 우측의 압력이 감소했습니다 그리고 동시에 우측의 압력이 감소했습니다 난원공에 대해 생각해봅시다 전에는 혈액이 이곳으로 흘렀습니다 하지만 우측의 압력이 너무 작은 이상 Bulgarian: тази малка тъканна клапа се затваря. И сега можеш да видиш, че тази клапа ще направи това. Ще се затвори. Когато имаш повече налягане вляво, отколкото вдясно, то избутва тази клапа. И сега овалният прозорец се затваря. И това се случва в първите няколко минути – първите няколко минути след като бебето излезе от майката, този овален прозорец се затваря, което е чудесно. Сега кръвта продължава да отива надолу, предпочита да отиде в левия вентрикул. Ще слезе тук и ще бъде изпомпана в аортата. Сега наситена с кислород кръв за първи път навлиза в аортата по този начин. И сега следва този въпрос за артериалния канал. Спомни си, в началото причината кръвта Czech: Ale teď, protože tlak na pravé straně je tak nízký, a na levé tak velký, tak se ten malý otvor s chlopní zacelí přiložením té chlopně. Díky tomu že je nyní na levé straně větší tlak než na straně pravé. To přitiskne ten cíp tkáňe na foramen ovale. To se stane v několika prvních minutách po porodu. Krev pokračuje do levé srdeční komory a následně do aorty. Poprvé se tedy okysličená krev dostane do aorty. Přichází na řadu ductus arteriosus. Portuguese: este pequeno retalho de tecido, como uma pequena válvula, fecha. E agora você pode ver o que vai acontecer com este retalho de tecido Ele vai se fechar. Porque você têm mais pressão do lado esquerdo do que do lado direito, e ela empurra esse retalho de tecido E agora o forame oval está praticamente fechada. E isto acontece, na verdade, Nos primeiros minutos Nos primeiros minutos em que o bebê está fora da mãe, você pode ver esse forame ovale fechar, o que é incrível. Agora o sangue continua indo para baixo, ele gosta de entrar no ventrículo esquerdo. Por isso, ele entra aqui e se espreme na aorta. Então deixe-me mostrar agora - o sangue oxigenado, pela primeira vez, entrando na aorta neste sentido E então você tem a questão do canal arterial. Lembre-se que, inicialmente, a razão do sangue English: this little flap of tissue, like a little valve, closes off. And so now you can actually see that this flap of tissue will do this. It'll close off. Because you basically have more pressure on the left side than the right side, and it pushes that flap of tissue over. And now the foramen ovale is basically closed. And this happens, actually, in the first few minutes-- first few minutes after a baby is out of the mom, you actually see this foramen ovale close, which is amazing. Now blood continues to go down, it likes to go into the left ventricle. So it's going to go down here and get squeezed into the aorta. So let me show-- now oxygenated blood for the first time kind of getting into the aorta this way. And then you have the question of the ductus arteriosus. Remember, initially the reason that blood Korean: 이 작은 덮개, 작은 판막처럼 닫힙니다 이렇게 닫힙니다 이렇게 닫힙니다 이렇게 닫힙니다 오른쪽보다 왼쪽의 압력이 더 크기 때문에 덮개 같은 조직을 밀어버립니다 난원공은 이제 닫혔습니다 그리고 신기하게도 이 현상은 아기가 출산된지 몇 분만에 일어나는 걸 볼 수 있습니다 혈액은 계속 밑으로 향하여 좌심실로 들어갑니다 여기서 대동맥으로 이동합니다 여기서 대동맥으로 이동합니다 여기서 대동맥으로 이동합니다 여기서 대동맥으로 이동합니다 이제 동맥관에 대해 생각해봅시다 처음에 폐동맥에서 Ukrainian: тканина клапана ущільниться. І фактично клапан буде ущільнюватися. Бо тиск збільшиться ліворуч, і це виштовхне клапан. Тепер овальне вікно закриється. Це трапиться у перші хвилини-- перші хвилини після народження, ви зможете побачити овальне вікно закритим, це надзвичайно. Тепер кров продовжить рух вниз, і потрапить у ліве передсердя. Вона буде йти вниз та виштовхнеться в аорту. Я покажу вам-- тепер збагачена киснем кров вперше пройде цим шляхом. Тепер перейдемо до Артеріальної протоки. Спочатку причиною того, що кров Korean: 대동맥으로 혈액이 흐르던 이유는 폐동맥의 압력이 너무 커서입니다 하지만 지금은 압력이 훨씬 낮아졌습니다 하지만 지금은 압력이 훨씬 낮아졌습니다 흐름이 있다면 이쪽으로 흐를겁니다 대동맥압이 폐동맥압보다 크기 때문입니다 하지만 흥미롭게도 생후 몇 시간만에 동맥관의 근육들이 수축하기 시작합니다 동맥관의 벽에는 민무늬근이 있고 민무늬근들은 산소 수치가 높아졌다는 것을 감지합니다 혈중 산소 수치의 증가를 감지합니다 그러고선 점차 수축하기 시작합니다 그러고선 점차 수축하기 시작합니다 동맥관은 태반이 제거되었단 것 또한 감지합니다 어떻게 감지할까요? 어떻게 여기 있는 동맥관이 Bulgarian: да минава от белодробната артерия в аортата беше понеже наляганията в белодробната артерия бяха толкова високи. Но сега наляганията са доста ниски, наляганията са много по-ниски. Ще имаш поток насам, понеже аортните налягания са по-високи, отколкото белодробните налягания. Но се оказва, че през първите няколко часа след раждането има съкращение на мускулите в артериалния канал. В стените на артериалния канал има гладка мускулатура. И тези гладки мускули ще усетят, че нивата на кислород са високи. Те ще усетят увеличението в нивата на кислород в кръвта. И те ще започнат да се съкращават, ще започнат да се свиват. Другото нещо, което артериалният канал усеща, е, че плацентата е премахната. Как ще усетиш нещо такова? И как артериалният канал, който е ето тук, Czech: Připomeňme si, že krev z plicních tepen do aorty předtím proudila, protože tlak v těch tepnách byl tak vysoký. Ale teď, když je tlak nižší, by to v podstatě bylo naopak, protože tlak v aortě je vyšší než v plicních tepnách. Zajímavé je, že v prvních hodinách života jsou v ductus arteriosus svalové stahy. Je tedy tvořen hladkým svalstvem, které "vycítí", že hladina kyslíku v krvi vzrostla a začne mít tendence se stahovat. Další věc, kterou ductus arteriosus "cítí", je nepřítomnost placenty. Ale jak je to možné? Portuguese: estar se movendo da artéria pulmonar para a aorta era porque as pressões na artéria pulmonar eram muito altas Mas agora as pressões estão muito baixas, as pressões estão muito mais baixas. Se qualquer coisa tiver que passar, o fluxo deve ser para este lado, certo? porque a pressão aórtica são maiores do que o que as pressões pulmonares agora. Mas acontece que, curiosamente, nas primeiras horas da vida, você tem, na verdade, certa constrição dos músculos neste canal arterial. Este canal arterial tem músculo liso nas paredes. E esses músculos lisos vão sentir que agora os níveis de oxigênio são elevados. Eles vão sentir o aumento dos níveis de oxigênio no sangue. E eles vão começar a se contrair eles vão querer começar a se comprimir. A outra coisa que o canal arterial sente é que a placenta é removida. Como você perceberia isso? E como que o canal - que fica aqui - como é que ele pode English: was moving from the pulmonary artery into the aorta was because the pressures in the pulmonary artery were so high. But now the pressures are pretty low, the pressures are much lower. If anything, you would actually have flow going this way because the aortic pressures are higher than what the pulmonary pressures are now. But it turns out, interestingly, that in the first few hours of life, you actually have some constriction of the muscles in that ductus arteriosus. So that ductus arteriosus has smooth muscle in the walls. And those smooth muscles are going to sense that now oxygen levels are high. They're going to sense the increase in oxygen levels in the blood. And they're going to start getting twitchy, they're going to want to start constricting. The other thing that the ductus arteriosus senses is that the placenta is removed. How would you sense something like that? And how would the ductus-- which is over here-- how would it Ukrainian: рухалася від легеневої артерії до аорти був високий тиск в легеневій артерії. Проте тепер тиск низький, значно нижчий. Таким чином, потік крові буде йти цим шляхом тому що тиск в аорті є вищим, ніж легеневий тиск. Але через декілька годин життя, відбудеться скорочення м'язів в артеріальній протоці. А стінки артеріальної протоки складаються з гладеньких м'язів. І ці м'язи відчують, що рівень кисню підвищився. А вони здатні відчувати рівень кисню в крові. Вони отримуватимуть нервові сигнали і захочуть скоротитися. Інша річ, що матиме значення для артеріальної протоки це відсутність плаценти. Як ви можете відчути це? Як протока зможе English: sense that the placenta-- which is over here-- how would it know that it's been removed? Well, it turns out the placenta actually makes a little chemical called prostaglandin. And when prostaglandin levels fall, when prostaglandin levels go down, then the ductus arteriosus also is more willing or able to close down. So those little muscles inside of the ductus arteriosus-- remember, it's like a little artery, in a sense. It's got smooth muscle around it. Those muscles are going to constrict, they're going to tighten down when the oxygen levels go up and when the prostaglandin levels go down. It's going to sense that. And so it's going to know that hey, it's time for me to close up shop and tighten down. And over time-- and I'll say over a course of hours-- this is going to happen. So let me actually just jot down the time frame for you. So over the course of a few hours, the beginning of constriction will happen. Korean: 여기 있는 태반이 제거되었단 것을 알아차릴까요? 태반은 사실 프로스타글란딘이라는 화학 물질을 만들어 냅니다 프로스타글란딘 수치가 감소하면 프로스타글란딘 수치가 감소하면 동맥관은 더더욱 닫히게 됩니다 동맥관은 더더욱 닫히게 됩니다 따라서 동맥관 안에 있는 근육들은 따라서 동맥관 안에 있는 근육들은 따라서 동맥관 안에 있는 근육들은 수축합니다 산소 수치가 올라가거나 프로스타글란딘 수치가 떨어지면 그걸 감지하여 수축할 때를 알게 됩니다 수축할 때를 알게 됩니다 몇 시간에 걸쳐 발생하는 과정입니다 몇 시간에 걸쳐 발생하는 과정입니다 걸리는 시간을 적어둡시다 걸리는 시간을 적어둡시다 걸리는 시간을 적어둡시다 Ukrainian: відчути відсутність плаценти? Плацента має хімічні сигналізатори простагландини. Коли їх рівень падає, зменшується, артеріальна протока також матиме затність закритися. Тож маленькі м'язи в артеріальній протоці-- пам'ятаєте вони як маленькі артерії. І мають маленькі м'язи навколо себе. Ці м'язи скорочуватимуться, коли рівень кисню збільшиться і коли рівень простагландинів впаде. Вони відчуватимуть це. Гладенькі м'язи зрозуміють, що настав момент закритися та звузитися. Це трапиться впродовж декількох годин. Я відзначу це у таблиці. Тож впродовж декількох годин, від народження відбудеться констрикція. Portuguese: sentir que a placenta, que é bem mais abaixo, foi removida? Bem, ao que parece é que, na verdade, a placenta produz uma substância química chamada prostaglandina. E quando o nível de prostaglandina cai, quando os níveis diminuem, o canal arterial também está mais disposto ou capaz de se fechar. Portanto, aqueles pequenos músculos dentro do canal arterioso lembre-se, é como um pequena artéria, em certo sentido. Tem músculo liso em torno dele. Esses músculos vão se contrair, eles vão apertar quando o nível de oxigênio subir e quando os níveis de prostaglandina baixarem ele vai perceber. E por isso que ele saberá que é hora para fechar a loja e contrair E com o tempo - e eu vou dizer sobre um curso de horas - isso irá acontecer. Então deixe-me apenas resumir a linha do tempo para você. Ao curso de algumas horas, será o início da constrição Bulgarian: ще усети, че плацентата, която е ето тук, вече я няма? Оказва се, че плацентата отделя малък химикал, наречен простагландин. И когато нивата на простагландин паднат, когато нивата му паднат, артериалният канал може да се затвори. Мускулите в артериалния канал, спомни си, той е донякъде като малка артерия, има гладка мускулатура около себе си. Тези мускули ще се съкратят, ще се съкратят, когато нивата на кислород се увеличат и когато нивата на простагландин намалеят. Той ще усети това. И ще знае, че е време да се свие и затвори.. С времето – да кажем, за няколко часа – това ще се случи. Ще запиша в кой момент. За период от няколко часа ще започне съкращаването. Czech: Jak může něco, co je tady, cítit nepřítomnost něčeho, co je tady a je to odtrženo od těla? Je to tím, že placenta vylučuje hormon prostaglandin, který, když jeho hodnoty klesnou, vyšle signál pro ductus arteriosus, aby se zavřel. Svaly uvnitř ductus arterious se začnou stahovat když se zvýší hladina kyslíku a sníží hladina prostoglandinu. To vše se odehraje v průběhu Portuguese: Então, ao longo do tempo, isso aqui ficará cada vez mais e mais apertado. vou desenhar ele diminuindo e ficando cada vez menor. Na verdade, no interior dele você tem uma pequena abertura, e com o passar do tempo, essa abertura fica menor, e ao longo do tempo, não terá nenhuma abertura. Então, é isso o que acontece no início das primeiras horas de vida. Agora, seguindo o sangue por todo o caminho, você tem sangue da aorta com oxigênio fluindo aqui para baixo indo para, digamos, a perna direita e esquerda, por aqui. E existem esses ramos, estes grandes ramos, chamado de ramos ilíacos internos, e fora deles, as artérias umbilicais, certo? As artérias umbilicais onde os ramos saem da ilíaca interna. E o que vai acontecer é que você ainda terá sangue fluindo para outros ramos fora da ilíaca interna, como este pequeno ramo pode ir para a bexiga. Mas neste restinho final, Bulgarian: С времето това ще става все по-свито и по-свито, и по-свито. Нека го скицирам, става по-малко и по-малко, и по-малко. И вътрешността му може би има малък отвор, после по-малък, и с времето отворът се затваря. Това ще се случи в началото, след първите няколко часа след раждането. Сега, следвайки кръвта надолу, има аортна кръв с кислород, протичаща тук долу, към десния крак и към левия крак, ето тук. И имаш тези разклонения, тези големи разклонения, наречени вътрешни илиачни разклонения, а от тях, от тях се разклоняваха пъпните артерии. Пъпните артерии се разклоняваха от вътрешните илиачни артерии. И сега пак ще има кръв, течаща към други разклонения от вътрешните илиачни артерии, например този клон може да отиде към пикочния мехур. Но последната част... Ukrainian: І за цей час судини ставатимуть вужчими і вужчими. Я намалюю це, вони ставатимуть меншими і меншими. Якщо ви подивитесь в середину, то побачите, що дрібненькі судинки відкриються, потім менші згодом відкриються усі. І все це відбудеться впродовж перших годин життя. Тепер стежачи за шляхом крові вниз, ви фактично матимете аортальну кров з киснем що йде вниз до правої ноги ось тут. І тут ці маленькі розгалуження, що називаються розгалуженнями підчеревної артерії, там де є пупкові артерії, так? Пупкові артерії виходять з підчеревної. Що ж відбудеться якщо кров все ще буде проходити до інших відгалужень підчеревної артерії, які зможуть іти до сечового міхура. Проте там не буде Czech: několika hodin. Dopíšu to do časové osy. Průběhem času se tedy bude čím dál více uzavírat, zmenšovat až nakonec za nějakou dobu zmízí otvor úplně. Celý proces začne v prvních hodinách života. Okysličená krev pak pokračuje do obou dolních končetin a do těchto vnitřních kyčelních tepen a pupečníkových tepen, které se větví z vnitřních kyčelních tepen. Bude zde stále průtok krve do dalších větví, jako například zde do močového měchýře, Korean: 따라서 몇 시간에 걸쳐 점차 더 조여집니다 점점 작아지는걸 그려봅시다 점점 작아지는걸 그려봅시다 작은 틈이 있었다가 더 작은 틈이 생기고 시간이 지나면 틈조차 없어집니다 생후 몇 시간 동안 발생합니다 생후 몇 시간 동안 발생합니다 이제 혈액을 밑에까지 따라가 봅시다 대동맥 혈액과 산소는 오른쪽 다리와 왼쪽 다리로 흘러 들어갑니다 오른쪽 다리와 왼쪽 다리로 흘러 들어갑니다 이 큰 가지들은 내장골동맥이라 하고 배꼽동맥으로 이어졌었습니다 내장골동맥에서 갈라진 배꼽동맥입니다 혈액은 내장골동맥에서 갈라진 다른 가지로도 흐릅니다 여기 방광으로 향하는 가지처럼 말입니다 하지만 여기 끄트머리로는 English: So over time, this will actually get kind of tighter and tighter and tighter. Let me sketch it out, getting smaller and smaller and smaller. You actually have on the inside of it maybe a tiny little opening, and then over time, a smaller opening, and over time, no opening at all. So that's going to happen at the beginning of the first few hours of life. Now, following the blood all the way down, you actually have aortic blood with oxygen flowing down here into the, let's say, the right leg and into the left leg, over here. And there are these branches, these big branches, called the internal iliac branches, and off of them, where the umbilical arteries, right? The umbilical arteries where branches off of the internal iliac. And what's going to happen is that you're going to still get blood flowing to other branches off the internal iliac, like this little branch might go to the bladder. But that last little bit, really, there Czech: ale do té úplně poslední části krev nepoteče. Zůstává zde obrovský odpor a tím pádem tam nemůže proudit žádná krev. Navíc, stejně jako ductus arteriosus, jsou pupečníkové tepny z hladké svaloviny, která reaguje na vysokou hladinu kyslíku a nízkou hladinu prostoglandinu a stejně jako ductus arteriosus se začnou stahovat. Nakonec nebudou vůbec průchozí. Můžete vidět, že nejdřív v nich nechávám malý otvor, ale pak zamaluju i ten, jak se svaly ve stěnách postupně stahují. Ukrainian: потоку крові, бо опір дуже високий. Так як опір буде дуже високий кров не буде йти в цьому напрямку. Додатково, пупкові артерії, такі як артеріальна протока містять гладенькі м'язи. Тому гладенькі м'язи будуть надсилати сигнал про дуже високий рівень кисню, вперше, артерії відзначать низький рівень простагландинів. Вони почнуть скорочуватися. Так само як артеріальна протока скоротиться, ці артерії теж скоротяться. Вони стануть вужчими і вужчими до того моменту, поки не буде просвіту між ними. Я намалюю це. Спочатку вони стануть вужчими далі ще вужчими, так як м'язи в стінках звужуватимуться. Накінець ми отримаємо ось це. І ви матимете кров, English: will be no flow through there because the resistance is so darn high. Because the resistance over here is so darn high, no blood is going to want to go in that direction. In addition, the umbilical arteries, just like the ductus arteriosus, have smooth muscle in them. And so that smooth muscle is going to respond to the very high levels of oxygen that, for the first time, these arteries are seeing, and low prostaglandins that are kind of circulating. And they're also going to kind of start constricting. So just as the ductus arteriosus started constricting, these arteries also start constricting. They get tighter and tighter and tighter until really there's almost no space in the middle left. And that's how I'm going to draw it fizzling out. So initially, they get kind of more narrow and they get even more narrow as the muscles in the walls tighten and tighten and tighten. And they finally get something like this. And you still have blood, of course, Korean: 저항이 몹시 크기 때문에 흐르지 않습니다 저항이 몹시 크기 때문에 흐르지 않습니다 저항이 몹시 크기 때문에 흐르지 않습니다 저항이 몹시 크기 때문에 흐르지 않습니다 게다가 배꼽동맥은 동맥관처럼 민무늬근을 갖고 있습니다 그래서 그 민무늬근은 이 동맥들이 처음 만나는 고농도의 산소와 저농도의 프로스타글란딘에 반응하게 되어 수축하기 시작합니다 동맥관이 수축했듯이 이 동맥들도 수축합니다 계속해서 조여지며 결국 가운데에 공간을 남기지 않게 됩니다 결국 가운데에 공간을 남기지 않게 됩니다 처음에 살짝 얇아졌다가 근육이 조이며 점점 더 얇아지면서 이렇게 됩니다 그리고 당연히 혈액은 Portuguese: não terá fluxo nele, porque a resistência é extremamente alta. Porque a resistência aqui é tão alta, o sangue não vai querer seguir mais nessa direção. Além disso, as artérias umbilicais, assim como o canal arterial, tem músculo liso E assim, esse músculo liso vai responder aos altos níveis de oxigênio que, pela primeira vez, essas artérias estão encontrando, e à baixa prostaglandina que estão circulando por aqui. E eles também vão começar certa constrição. Então, assim como o canal arterial começou a constrição, estas artérias também iniciarão a constrição. Elas ficam mais e mais apertadas até que não haja quase nenhum espaço no meio delas. E é assim que eu vou desenhá-las se fechando Assim, inicialmente, elas ficam um pouco mais estreitas e elas ficam ainda mais estreitas conforme os músculos das paredes apertam e apertam e apertam. E elas finalmente ficam como algo assim. E você ainda tem sangue, é claro, Bulgarian: няма да има поток оттук, понеже съпротивлението е изключително високо. Понеже съпротивлението тук е толкова високо, никаква кръв няма да иска да отиде в тази посока. В допълнение, пъпните артерии, точно както артериалния канал, имат гладки мускули. И този гладък мускул ще отговори на много високите нива на кислород, които тези артерии усещат за пръв път, и ниските нива на циркулиращ простагландин, и те също ще започнат да се съкращават. Точно както артериалният канал започна да се съкращава, тези артерии също започват да се съкращават. Те ще стават по-тесни и по-тесни, и по-тесни, докато накрая не остане място в средата. И ще ги нарисувам да се съкращават. В началото стават по-тесни и стават все по-тесни, докато мускулите в стените се съкращават и съкращават, и съкращават. И накрая стават ето така. И пак, разбира се, имаш кръв, Portuguese: indo para outros ramos, que é o que eu desenhei aqui. Mas esse restinho indo apenas pelo umbilical, essa parte vai contrair-se. E esse processo acontece ao longo de algumas horas. Então agora finalizamos. Você viu as cinco adaptações e como as coisas mudam ao longo do o curso de minutos, horas, e dias. E, é claro, não é exata e com cada bebê é diferente, mas essas mudanças incríveis acontecem logo após o nascimento. Bulgarian: отиваща към други разклонения, както начертах тук. Но тази последна част, която отива към пъпа, тази част ще се свие. И този процес се случва в рамките на няколко часа. Готово. Показахме как всички пет адаптации се променят в рамките на минути, часове и дни. И, разбира се, не е точно и всяко бебе е различно, но тези удивителни промени се случват скоро след раждането. Czech: Krev samozřejmě stále proudí do jiných větvení, ale ta poslední část se uzavře úplně. Vše proběhne v rozmezí několika hodin. To bylo všech 5 změn, kterými si novorozenec projde v průběhu několika prvních hodin, a dnů svého života. Každé dítě je samozřejmě jiné, ale všechny tyto věci se dějí velmi krátce po porodu. Korean: 다른 곳으로 흐르고 있습니다 마지막 끄트머리는 그냥 배꼽으로 향하는데 수축해버리게 됩니다 또 이 과정은 몇 시간에 걸쳐 발생합니다 또 이 과정은 몇 시간에 걸쳐 발생합니다 5가지 적응 방식과 몇 분, 몇 시간, 며칠에 걸친 변화를 알게 됐습니다 몇 분, 몇 시간, 며칠에 걸친 변화를 알게 됐습니다 그리고 물론 아기마다 조금씩 차이를 보이지만 출산 후에는 놀라운 변화가 일어납니다 커넥트 번역 봉사단 | 정재진 English: going to other branches, which is what I've drawn here. But that last little bit going just to the umbilicus, that part is going to constrict down. And this process happens over the course of a few hours. So now you have it. You have all the five adaptations and how things change over the course of minutes, hours, and days. And of course, it's not exact and each baby is different, but these amazing changes are happening soon after birth. Ukrainian: що проходитиме до цих гілочок, що я тут намалював. Отже пуповина скоротиться. Цей процес відбудеться протягом декількох годин. Ось так. Тепер ви маєте всі пристосування і знаєте, як вони зміняться впродовж перших хвилин, годин та днів життя. Звичайно, що ці процеси в кожної дитини унікальні, проте всі вони відбуваються після народження.

Então, pintei de azul os meus sapatos por não poder de azul pintar as ruas, depois, vesti meus gestos insensatos e colori, as minhas mãos e as tuas. Para extinguir em nós o azul ausente e aprisionar no azul as coisas gratas, enfim, nos derramamos simplesmente azul sobre os vestidos e as gravatas. E afogados em nós, nem nos lembramos que no excesso que havia em nosso espaço pudesse haver de azul também cansaço. E perdidos de azul nos contemplamos e vimos que entre nós nascia um sul vertiginosamente azul. Azul.

DOUG LLOYD: So if you're anything like me, when you write code it's not always going to be perfect. There's usually going to be something wrong with it. And that is known as writing bugs. And part of being a computer programmer is learning how to debug, or remove the bugs, from programs. And there are a lot of different techniques and strategies that one might use to do this. And what I want to do in this video is show you three of the tools that are baked into CS50 IDE that you can use to help with your debugging, or help trying to figure out what's going on in your system. And these three tools, which I'm going to just display the names of here, are known as debug50, eprintf, and help50. We're actually going to cover those in reverse order. So we're going to start with help50. So I have a couple of files pre-configured in my IDE. I'm going to navigate into my help50 directory. And just clear the terminal window here. And what help50 basically does, it is designed to be sort of a virtual teaching fellow of sorts. It basically is trying to give you clues and hints about what might be going on in your program or when you're trying to work with your program and something goes wrong without just giving you the answer outright. So it's trying to nudge you along in the right direction in the hopes that it's an issue that, with a little bit of encountering and having the computers sort of give you a little bit of back and forth, it's an issue that you'll learn to be able to not recreate in the future. So I have a couple of example programs here. All of them are written in C. And let's just try and compile the first one. So let's try and make example one. Error. So this is where help50 is going to come in handy. Generally it's going to be used when you're working. It's not so much a bug in your program that is during runtime, a runtime error. This is going to be a logical bug, or some kind of bug that prevents your program from being compiled is going to be the most common use case of help50. So here I'm getting told I'm implicitly declaring library function printf with blah, blah, blah. There's a whole lot of text there. Now, what help50 tries to do is it looks at that error message for you. And if there are multiple ones it will look at the first error message for you. And it will try and translate that kind of arcane language into something a little more, hopefully, intuitive to use. And the way we use help50 is pretty straightforward. We first type help50, and then we do exactly the command we tried to do. So in this case it's help50, make example1. Let's see if maybe help50 can give me a little more information about what I might be doing wrong in my program. So I run it again. Now, I'm getting this sort of hint from the virtual TF, which is written here in yellow. "Did you forget to #include stdio.h in which printf is declared atop your file?" Well, let's take a look. So in example 1.c, it looks like I did kind of forget to do that. So if I just go ahead and add that, and I save, and I try and make example one again maybe. Hey, it compiled. It worked just fine. So I can now run the example1 program, hello world. Now, of course, I have a logical bug here where I didn't put a backslash n. So it kind of ran into a new line like that. But that's OK. That's something I can go ahead and fix pretty easily. So let's try and compile example two. And we'll go through this again where we won't look at the source code beforehand. We'll just try and compile it, thinking we're pretty close, and see what happens. So we'll try and make example2. Oh. Seven errors generated. That's not good. But, again, help50 can help us here. And what it's going to do in this case is it's going to look at the very first one and give us a hint for that one. Now, oftentimes when you get a lot of errors from compiling it's not necessarily that I've done seven things wrong. In fact, if you look at the program you'll see that it's not that many lines of code when we do. But really it's just one error that sort of cascades and creates another one because it doesn't understand what's happening before. And if you can fix that one error at the beginning, it might resolve one or more, or all, of the remaining errors. So I'll clear my terminal window. And we'll try this again. But we'll preface this by saying help50 first. So help50 make example2. Let's see. Use of undeclared identifier string. Did you mean standard in? Well, I'm assuming probably not. Let's take a look at my code. No. I meant to use string there on line five. So by undeclared identifier, Clang means you've used a name string on line five which hasn't been defined. Did you forget to #include cs50.h in which string is defined atop your file? Well, here, again, I did. I did forget to include cs50.h this time. So it gave me another clue here. But I had seven errors. So hopefully this resolves most of them. Lets clear this and see if it does. We'll try and make example2 again. And it did. So even though it said I had seven errors, I really didn't. I just had the one. And because that one kind of threw everything else off, it just kind of cascaded down and really messed us up. All right. Let's take a look at example three. We'll try and make example three. Seven errors again. Ugh, man. Let's see what I got here. Looks like I have a for loop that's going from 1 to 10. And it's supposed to print out a new integer on each line. That looks OK to me, at least at first glance. I don't really know what the issue could be here. But help50 might be able to help us out again. So we'll try one more time help50 make example3. And, again, you'll see that help50 is commonly going to be used most of the time-- although it's not all it can do. And we'll take a look at a couple of examples of that in a second. You're going to use help50 most of the time when there are compile time errors that prevent your program from being compiled and have to be resolved first. So we'll try and help50 this one. Looks like it says on line five it looks like you're trying to declare a variable that's already been declared elsewhere. I don't see that. But then it tells me a little bit more. If you meant to create a for loop be sure that each part is separated with a semicolon rather than a comma. So here I've got commas, and I'm supposed to have semicolons. So it's, again, little things like this where it's little syntax things where if you were able to get in touch with somebody you could just kind of look at your code really quickly and be like, oh, well, you really just need to put in a semicolon here instead of a comma. That's the kind of thing where it stinks to get stuck in a jam where you're just waiting for somebody to give you that sort of shining moment right where suddenly the error is revealed. You can use help50 to try and help you along and accelerate this so that you don't get stuck waiting, and you can get a little resolution for your errors a little more quickly. Of course, we'll just confirm with trying to make it again. And it compiled no problem. I could run this program. And it will print out the numbers 1 through 10, each on separate lines. We can't see them all here because my terminal window is not big enough to hold them, but they're all there. All right. I got one more example here. And then I'll show you two examples of using help50 not in the make context necessarily, or in the Clang context. So let's try and make example4. I have one error. "Expression result unused, n times 5." Not really sure what that means. So let's just quickly pop open example4 here at the top. Looks like what I want to do is have this print out 50. So I set n as equal to 10. I multiply n by 5 to get 50. And I want to print out 50. So I wonder what the issue could be. So let's help50 make example4. On line six of example 4.c you are performing an operation, but not saving the result. Did you mean to print or store the result in a variable? So remember, when we are doing mathematical manipulations to variables, we always have to assign the result to something. And here what I probably meant to say is either n equals n times 5, to change n from 10 into 50, or the more shorthand version, n times equals 5, which would also work just fine. So I can save this. Hopefully this fixes it. I'll try and recompile it. And I'll try and run it to see if I get 50 printed out. So that's a couple of uses of, in particular this is help50 helping with Clang. Although every time we were doing this we were typing make. Remember that make is actually just a wrapper for Clang, which is the name of the actual compiler that we're using in CS50 IDE. What happens though if I try and do this? There's no file called example5. So make example5. Unlike the previous four, this is actually going to be a help50 that helps with a message from make as opposed to a message from Clang. Now, obviously it's not there. So you can probably figure out what it means. But in case you didn't, I could preface it with help50. "Do you actually have a file called example5.c in the current directory?" Well, I don't. So I'm trying to compile a program that doesn't exist. So this is just help50, again, giving me a clue, like, well, maybe you're making a little bit of a mistake here. And it's true. I am making a bit of a mistake. One more example here. Let's say that I want to change directories into another directory. So I want to ls example6. There is, again, no example6 here. "ls cannot access example6, no such file or directory." Again, help50 might be able to help with this. So I'll preface it one more time. Are you sure example6 exists? Did you misspell example6? It doesn't exist. Maybe I had typed it wrong and I thought it was working. So it's just a reminder. Did you check that? Oh, maybe I had misspelled it. Maybe I meant to do something else, and then I can take a look. Now, help50 is a tool that is still in development. We actually have an open source GitHub repository. So as you go through the class and you become more comfortable, particularly as you start to learn Python, which is the tool that help50 is written in, you can actually head to CS50's public GitHub repositories and take a look and see what types of error messages that are a little more arcane that we're trying to catch and have help50 explain in more human understandable terms so that if you want to contribute to that you actually can. And if you encounter an error that you're not getting, that help50 doesn't understand, and you want to report that error and hope that somebody else maybe can help match it, you can do that through that platform as well. So this is definitely a collaborative tool. And we welcome you to continue to contribute either solutions as you become more comfortable, or issues that we can try and resolve to make it a more robust tool. All right. So another tool that we have is one called eprintf. Now, it's really common when you are starting to debug your programs to kind of pepper them with printf statements. It's sort of like a sanity check where you're checking, OK, well, this line printed. And then I have some lines of code that run. And then this line printed. Like you're trying to figure out where things are going wrong. The trouble with printf is it doesn't necessarily tell you where the program is going wrong. You have to kind of go back and scroll through your source code to figure out which error message corresponds to that. That's not always that helpful. It's not a huge deal. But we have this tool that makes it a little bit easier. So it's called eprintf, which stands for error printf. And I'm just going to navigate into my eprintf directory where I have just one example file. I'm going to open that up here and show you what it does. So not much to this. I'm going to scroll up here. Basically what I'm doing is I'm asking the user to give me an integer. And then I actually get that integer from them. And then I have eprintf, integer obtained. Now, this means nothing to the user. It's an error message to make sure for me, as the person who's testing this program, that I got to this point in the program. And we'll see exactly what eprintf does that gives it a little bit of a leg up over printf, which is just going to display to the terminal. Then I'm doing a couple of different things. If x is less than 0, I'm going to print x is negative. If it's greater than zero, I print x is positive. Otherwise I print x is 0. And then I have one more eprintf call at the bottom here which is got through the program. So if I see that eprintf, that means that I've succeeded and I've gotten through every single line of the program without crashing. So let's just quickly compile this with make eprintf. And we'll try and run ./eprintf. Please give me an integer. Let's give it 50. And look at the little difference here. So instead of just printing out what I said, it tells me where it came from. So it tells me what line it came from and what file it came from. As we write more and more complex programs later in the course, we might write programs that span multiple .c files. We might have eprintfs throughout them. So it's just a useful way to figure out exactly from where in your program, or as things are going through, where in your program the error message that you're seeing, or sort of the printf prompt that you're seeing comes from. So it's definitely a good tool to familiarize yourself with, particularly earlier on where you might not need the more complex tools of a debugger, which we're going to talk about in a second. But you just want to get sort of a sanity check to make sure that things are working the way you expect them to. OK. And the third and final tool that we're going to cover in this video is debug50. Now, debug50 is a GUI or Graphical User Interface wrapper for a tool known as GDB, which is a very richly developed debugging platform. And it will really help you take a look underneath the hood, inspect what is going on in your program, and try and figure out where things might be going wrong. In this example we're going to cover three different buggy videos. And I'm going to show you how to use debug50 to sort of give you some clues as to what you might need to do. So the first thing I'm going to do here is navigate into my debug50 directory where I have three source files and three programs that are previously compiled. So these have compiled. I don't need help50 to tell me what's going on here because I've already got the compiled binaries here. But there's something going wrong in these programs that is not what I expect. So the first thing I want to do is run debug1's program, and then we'll take a look at debug1's source code. And then we'll take a look at how debug50 can give us a little bit more information about what might be going wrong here. So here's what we're going to do. We're going to go, and I'm going to clear my terminal really quick, and we're going to run debug1's binary. Provide a number. OK. I'll provide one. You gave a one. Seems pretty good. Let's try this again. Provide a number. I'll give it two. You gave a one. That's not right. Zero? You gave a one. So it's always saying, I gave a one. I did. I gave a one the first time. So let's maybe take a look at what's going on here. So I have my program. I'm providing a number. OK. That works. If x is one, say you gave a one. Otherwise, apparently I'm not doing anything. It's not supposed to print anything if I didn't give it a one. So that's weird. So at this point if you're familiar with the code you might see where the issue is here. But let's pretend that we don't. Or maybe you don't. And that's totally OK as well. This debug50 tool can hopefully give a little bit more information and we can see what's happening. So what I want to do is the first thing you need to do when you're working with a debugger like GDB is to provide a breakpoint. What a breakpoint is is basically your program will execute until it hits that line of code. And then it will stop, or break, and wait for something to happen. If you don't know where to break in your code, because you don't even know where the issue might be happening, it's totally reasonable to break at main. The way that you set a breakpoint is right here to the left of the line numbers you'll notice that my cursor turned into a little like pointer finger there. If you click once, you get this sort of red light, or a stop light. That's basically your indicator that you have set a breakpoint. So my program will compile, and it will run until it gets to line six. At which point it's going to kind of freeze. And from there I can make very slow steps through my program. Usually when we're running our program it's like you compile it, and it's done. Here we can really force it to slow down, and look what it's doing line, by line, by line, and see if we can see where the issue might lie. So I've set a breakpoint. Now I need to run debug50. debug50 ./debug1. Cause that's the name of the program that I wanted to test. Hit Enter. And if you've watched our CS50 IDE tutorial introduction video you noticed I talked about the debugger tab. You'll notice the debugger tab on the right has popped open. And I'm giving a little bit of information here. I have information about the call stacks. So if I had multiple functions being called it would tell me which function I'm in at the time, and which functions are waiting for stuff to happen. Local variables in my program. There are values. What type they are, and so on. Really useful stuff. And my program has frozen, right. It has not printed out "please provide a number." It's just waiting for me to do something. And the way I can control what my program does is up here at the top. I have resume, which is basically just going to speed through my program again, ignoring any more breakpoints. I have step over, which is going to move one line ahead. And generally you're going to want to step over any functions that you did not write, because if you step into them, which is the next example, it's actually going to go and look at printf's code, and start executing printf's code one line at a time. And we can probably assume that printf is OK. And we can probably assume that getint, for example, is OK. So we don't need to step into those. We can step over them. If you're going into a block, for example, like an if, or a function that you wrote, you might want to step into it, unless you happen to know for sure that it's not an issue in that function. So you can start to proceed through those a line at a time. And then, lastly, there's step out. We're not in anything right now. So we can't step out. But if you step into a function and you realize, oh, I really shouldn't have done this, you can step out, which will just proceed through the rest of the function, and then pick up again at the next logical spot. So what I want to do here is start to proceed one line at a time. So I want this to print out "provide a number." So I'm going to step over this line, which is going to execute it. You can see it at the terminal there at the bottom. Then it's prompting me to provide a number. So I'll give it a three. One seems to work. So I'm going to give it a three. And I'll hit Enter. And then I will again step over. If x equals one printf. You gave a one. So I kind of want to step into this. And in particular, notice what's going to happen here. Notice that right now it says my variable x has a value of three, which is what I expect. But as I step into this, the value of x has changed to one. It's no longer three. So this statement is now true. It says, well, x is one. So you gave a one. And if I step over, that is what it will do. You gave a one. And if I stop one more time, the program finishes executing. Did you happen to see what the error there was? It's a silly little syntax thing. But I used a single equal sign instead of a double equal sign. So what I really did here is I assigned x to be one. Regardless of what x was at this point, I said x is equal to one. I assigned x to one, when I really meant to do this. If x equals equals one. And now let's just save this program really quickly. And we'll recompile it, because we have to recompile a program if we want to rerun it. Use equals to turn this comparison into an equality assignment. Now, the reason that this works is because I had put this extra set of parentheses in here. Generally if you tried to do this it wouldn't work. But I had to force it for purposes of this example. So I had to get rid of those parentheses as well. We'll try one more time to compile this program. Now it compiled successfully. We'll clear our terminal window. And let's try and debug50 one more time, just to make sure that everything is working the way we expect. We still have our breakpoint set at line six. So it's still going to freeze at the first possible opportunity after that. I want to step over this to provide a number. I'll give it three again. Step over. x is now equal to three. You can see here on the right. Now, let's step into this. Can't step into it. Why? Because x is not one anymore. So that next line of code on line 13 there is not going to execute because the condition is no longer true. So before I was assigning x to be one. And that's why it would go in. And thanks to debug50 I was able to see, oh, wait, this three is unexpectedly changing into a one. Maybe there's something going on wrong in that area. So that's one way that debug50 was able to help isolate where in the program things were going awry. All right. So I'm going to hit Resume here just to end the program, have it finish doing its thing. Didn't print anything because we didn't have a one. And now let's take a look at program number two. So I'll clear my terminal. And let's try and execute the debug2 program. "What percentage grade did you get as a number?" Well, let's say maybe I wasn't doing so great in CS50 and I got a 50%. My grade is an E. OK. But let's say maybe I'm doing a little bit better and I got a 75. So that should hopefully be like a C. Eh, I got an E. Wait a minute. What if I got like an A, I got everything? E. Well, again, this isn't doing exactly what I expected it to do. So let's take a look at the source code. And then let's take a look at debug50 and see if maybe it can give us some clues here. So I'll open up the source code for debug2. And I'll just close this one here. And I'll also just clear the terminal screen one more time. All right. So what percentage of the grade did you get as a number? Get an integer. What's happening here on line eight is I'm just transforming whatever the user gave me into a multiple of 10, so that divided by 10 times 10, that's a trick that works because of integer division. But say the user gives me 93. 93 divided by 10 is nine, not 9.3. Remember, its integer division. And then 9 times 10 is 90. So I'm just basically dropping off the ones place of every number here and just transforming it into a multiple of 10. And then I have a letter character for a grade. It will get stored there. And then I'm using a switch statement, which is one form of conditional statement, to look over the different possibilities. So if I have a 90 or a 100 after executing lines seven, eight, grade should be an A. If I have an 80, it should be a B, a C, a D, and an E, depending on what my scores are. But it seems like every time I'm doing this I'm getting an E. And, again, if you're familiar with switch statements, you might see what the issue is here. And if you're not familiar with switch statements, that's OK. Because switch statements are a little bit strange the first time you use them. But debug50 can help us figure out what is happening here. So first thing we got to do, of course, is we got to set that breakpoint. So I got to figure out where I want to set it. Well, it looks like I might have already set it here at line 11. And that seems like a fair enough place to do it. So let's set our breakpoint there. So our program will not freeze and pop open for us until we get to that point in the code. So we'll use debug50 on the debug program number two. "What percentage of the grade did you get as a number?" So let's say I got 100. And now we're frozen. And notice over here, grade has been set to negative one. There's no value there. But that makes sense, cause we haven't assigned grade equals something yet. Percent is 100 and 10th is 100. So we have the value we're expecting. 10th is 100, which means when we get to line 13, grade A should get triggered. So let's step in one line at a time. All right. So notice that my grade is A. And then it's B. And then it's C. And then it's D. And then it's E. And then if I step over, that's what now gets printed. And that's not what I expect. So it seems like by using debug50 to step slowly through my program, what was happening is I wasn't just triggering the one case that I wanted to hit. I seemed to be hitting all of the different cases. And the grade kept changing. It started out at the right thing. It started out as A. And then it became B, and a C, and a D, and an E. And the reason for that, and again, we'll cover this on our video on conditionals if you haven't seen it already, is that at the end of every case option for a switch I needed to have a break. I only ever want one of these things to be true. Now, it's true that you might end up in a situation where you actually want the behavior of falling through the cases, as it's known. But that's not what I want here. I want explicitly to be assigned one value. And then I don't want to look at the rest of the options. So what happened here is I just fell through. I kept executing every line of code from case 100 down. If I had started out at 80, it would have given me a B, and then a C, and then a D, and then an E. And if I started out at like a 60, it would have given me a D and then an E. So I don't want that. So I have to include break statements at the end of all of my different options within the switch. And if I save this and I recompile it, and I clear my terminal and run it one more time, if I get 100, now I have an A. All right. That's good. If I get an 80, I have a B, and so on. And so, again, by using the tools this time of seeing that I was hitting all of these different lines of code, not necessarily that variables were changing-- although it was useful to see that A was turning into B and turning into C. What was more useful for me there anyway was seeing that I was hitting all of these lines of code that I shouldn't have been hitting. I should have only been hitting the very one, which was case 90, colon, case 100 colon. Because that was what I had typed in, a 90 or a 100. So it was strange that I ended up falling through. And being able to see it go line by line, as opposed to just the program running so quickly because it's so short, that was a good clue for me. We have one more buggy program. And let's take a look at that one and see if debug50 can help us figure that one out as well. So I'll close this code window here. And let's run debug3. How many stars? Five. Give me six. How many stars? Zero. it gives me one. How many stars? 40. Well, I'm not going to count that, but it's 41 is what it is. So I'm getting a few too many stars. But if I look at my debug3 source code, I'm going from zero to x, and I'm printing out a star for every time. So it seems like that should be working just fine, but it's not. So maybe the debugger can help us figure this out a little bit more cleanly. So let's pop it open. Let's first set a breakpoint. It seems like the integer part is maybe not working. So instead of setting it to breakpoint after that, maybe it somehow is turning five into six? I don't know. Let's set our breakpoint before that. Let's just set our breakpoint right at main. And there was a breakpoint here. We'll just get rid of it. You can double click on a breakpoint to make it go away if you don't want to use that one anymore. And you can also set multiple breakpoints. We're not doing it in these examples. But I could set a breakpoint at first spot, and then maybe another one a little bit later on. It would stop at that point as well. All right. So let's try and compile this. So really quickly recompile. And then we'll run debug50 to take a look at what's happening in this program. All right. How many stars? So, again, we broke at main. So it's going to freeze at line six and wait. If I step over this line, it will print out how many stars. Let's say that I want five. Then we'll step over this. Because we don't need to step in to get in presumably. And when we get through, I's value is 32,677, which is actually OK. It hasn't been set yet, because line nine has not executed. But x is five. It didn't somehow transform into six. So what I now know at least is that my error somewhere happens from line nine down. It's not line six. It's not line seven. It's got to be after that, because x has the correct value. It has five. It didn't somehow get transformed into six. But I's value is 32,767. This is a red herring. This is not a bug. Like I said, line nine has not executed yet. Once line nine executes then I will be set at least to zero, as we'll see right now. So we'll step into this loop. Notice now I is zero, which is what we expect. Then it will print a star. I'm going to step over that, because I don't want to step into printf. So we'll step over. Notice that it printed one star to the terminal. Step again. I is now one. That's what we expect. We went through one iteration of the loop. I incremented by one. I'm going to step over. Print. OK. Two. Three. Four. Now, at this point I should be breaking, right. I'm going from I is equal to zero to I is less than or equal to x. Uh-oh. I see my bug now already, right. I'm counting I is equal to zero to I is less than or equal to x. So I saw it even before debug50 saw it for me. But it's true if I step into this loop, now I's value is five. So it should have stopped if I did what I intended, which is I is less than x. But it actually went into the loop, which means it's going to execute this line of code again. And now it's true that if I step into this, I goes away, right. Because if I became six, this loop would no longer run. So it goes away. And I break out of the loop. And I jump down to line 12. But I've printed out six stars instead of five. Now, again, these examples are a little bit contrived for the purposes of showing you how to use the debugger. It's not supposed to necessarily find the bug for you. But it's supposed to slow the computer down enough that you can see the steps that it's doing. So the values on the right, being able to track what values variables have is useful. Also I didn't show this, but you can actually change the value of variables if you want. I could say x is equal to 23. I could do this in the middle of my program running, between doing different lines to change things, to see if the behavior is affected in any way. It wouldn't have been that useful here because I've already broken out of the loop. But if I wanted to somehow make it artificially print more and more because I haven't figured it out yet, I can do that. You can do that with any local variable there as well. You can use this to inspect strings and arrays as well, which we're not going to get into here, because this is just supposed to be a general tutorial. But, again, the goal is not so much to be, here's the bug. It's to slow things down enough that you can see exactly what the computer is doing, and see if at any point it deviates from what you expect it to be doing. And that's what all these debugging tools are used for, particularly this GDB based one called debug50. But eprintf. Make sure that your program is printing out sort of sanity check messages in the right spot. help50 is supposed to give you some clues about where you might have compile time errors. And debug50 is supposed to help you figure out where your runtime errors are. So use all these tools in conjunction, and you'll be well on your way to debugging code like an expert in no time. I'm Doug Lloyd. This is CS50.

(electronic whooshes) - They say Ooops! You got Ryda, just do what you goin' to do. Disrespecting Ryda, talking to him, name flips. That shit just so predictable, I said you know what? You right, I'mma scrap all that shit. Y'all got me fucked up. - Aw, yeah. - Disrespect Ryda, talk to him, name flips? I bought all that shit. - All that shit. - All I've been hearing is Ryda gonna do this, Ryda gonna do that, bitch stop all that frontin'. You the bad ass kid on the elevator. The only reason I'm going up, 'cause you press all my buttons. - All my buttons. - See I came here, I came here to fuck you up. Drag you out your hiding spot. It's crazy how I left writer's block only to come here, knock a chuck off of Ryda's block. See Will, you requested my presence, well I'm a gift-giver. Do' em ill, tell you, I'm recognizable. Like who is this nigga? Ay Goonies, this your member? Well watch this member get dismembered, disfigured, cold part down the middle of his head, I'm a wig splitter. - Talk that shit. - Aye Henny, you a fifth-sipper? Holla, I mean Ryda, you a fifth-gripper? Well both hands'll send 'em over the bar like a proper chin-up. Paramedics, I said both hands'll send 'em over the bar like a proper chin-up, ambulance rushing to save him like, don't get up. Paramedics sounding like a Ooops third round, like, don't give up! (audience murmurs) See from here on out, I came to kill you and every type like you, plus I came to press you for all that loud noise, you ain't that type, Ryda? What you think, I came here alone, though? Like I'm on my own, bro? I'm the type to press you without looking, I know my home row. See, to beat me, you're gonna need that Twerk bounce. You're gonna need that Twerk bounce, a Ace bump, Cuban vest, a whole other style, 'cause if your level of progression was any lower, it'd be underground. What the Goonies known for? Bow, yeah that sound, it's how I knock the words out of your mouth, that's how you dumb it down. (audience groans) With a wired jaw you can't speak. I say with a wired jaw makes it hard to speak, how you gonna eat now, now that Goonies known for what? That sound. (audience murmurs) Drinking out the side with a straw. Drinking out the side of a straw for too much to say. Hold on, now he went from drinking out the side, from eating out the side, that's Conway to Kanye. I told y'all, I ain't come (audience shouts) to play a motherfuckin' round, and if I'm lyin', I'm flyin', my feet ain't left the-- - Motherfuckin' ground. - I say yo. - Yo, yo. So we got Ryda verse Oscar-nominated Ooops. (audience chuckles) Glad you could afford this. They said Ryda, why you take this battle? I was bored, bitch. (audience titters) I remember when you battled Daylyt, and you said that your daughter said, even when you lie, I lie with you. I said, mm, okay, I fuck with dog. Then I remember you had cancer, and you didn't die. Okay the Lord then answered another call. I'mma beat your ass the first round, the second round. They might give you a sympathy third, okay I'm done with y'all. They say Ooops always bring all this pain to the battle. Well now you in front of a nigga that can numb it all, if I'm lying I'm flying. (audience yells) They say my feet ain't left the motherfuckin' ground. You think that slogan and your feet being planted is what's giving us proof? You shoulda learned from James St. Patrick. You can get shot dead in the middle of the Truth, I got paid for this hit, so I feel like y'all doing a job with me, (audience hoots) ain't nothin' but a bunch of clips for Ooops, lob city. (audience roars) - Talk about it! - As soon as you accepted this battle, I know. As soon as you accepted this battle, you was one foot up in grave. Pistol whip him, let Bruce Franks up in a daze. Oh you know I like to name my guns. Oh this shit can go a couple different ways, and you already know what it is before I let go, Frankie. Beverly and Maze, you been in LA and DC a lot lately, so I went to hit your home safe. I'm in St. Louis with a rental, I took the road trip. As soon as he get home, chrome lift, dome shift. Then he speech at the Grammy's, yeah. I like to address niggas at they own shit. You was a former state rep, so I wonder if you're death or be on CNN, I caught him on Twitter, lackin', trying to reach a friend. Well I was thinking, Missy the old artists since I was creeping in, 'cause first you hear Ooops, bow, then you never see a tweet again, them haters in. (audience yells) Metal dropping like chess in a two on two. He caged in, William Bettelheim, gain my trust and you can move on through, well it was all love, I was workin' with the '40, but if I stole 14K from your organization, then is what is you gon' do? 'Cause with each word, I'm all Joe Goldberg, and I hate to pull a You on you, 'cause once you turn a white tee red, nigga you can't reverse colors. I'm a hearse stuffer, gun in his face, pressin' a nine like Surf mother. Take the shot, bottoms up, oh shit, he outta luck. I'm on this stage just bombin' on one nigga, Donald Trump. Send the slimes in, drive by, prefect timing, dog out the window, Ooops, Frankie Lymon. (audience yells) Give a fuck how y'all feel, I be clutchin' on the steel. Usher in the faculty, lately I've been buggin' in the field. Goonie gang, we a wild crew. Open the doors for the DMV, we was proud to. But now they put down down payments just to get in here, wow, fool, so I'm the only Ryda that'll pull off a lot but never depreciated in value, see I paint pictures, illustrate, I don't talk nigga, I demonstrate. While you was takin' donations and skatin', well y'all seen Matilda, y'all shoulda known Bruce would steal a cake, but here's the bigger picture. You told my nigga Twerk, you can't save lives from nine to five, but what the fuck you doin' from six to eight? Round two we gon' get it straight. (audience titters) - It ain't that I don't think you believable, or that I don't think you tough, or that you don't be bustin' every gun you aim, I just don't give a fuck. You's a lukewarm glass of water, my nigga. You don't stand out, me, I'm outstanding, plus I never needed a handout. But here's where I rewire your thoughts, oh you a time bomb? I been droppin' jewels, you ain't gotta go fetch. I ain't John John, you missed every fuckin' lesson I taught on how to you know your worth, but here's where the math adds up, as long as you show your work. I'm battlin', Mister I like to name my guns. Bitch you should pray for some help. How you name all these fuckin' guns, but ain't make a name for yourself? (audience moans) How you name all these guns and ain't make a name for yourself, and Henny, I don't give a fuck if you say he been wylin' lately, he still trash without a name like Brenda's baby. (audience yells) Now, aggression don't equal conviction, so bitch watch your tone. You'll get rocked for trying to talk like me. You need Rosetta Stone, who gives a fuck if I ain't been on Smack nigga, my name's still bigger than yours, and that's that. You know what a main stage is? Whereabout the side the rap at? See I bring ultimate raps to every lead, some shit you can't copy, plus every bill I pass was real life bars. Some shit you can't lobby. I said every bill I pass was real life bars, some shit you can't lobby, but oh I get it. You golden with the metal, it's that stock you raisin', it's crazy how being golden. I say it's crazy, you golden with the metal, and that stock you raisin', but me, I was golden, that's what raised my stock and got me the nomination. See they be trying to downplay my worth, but here's where I shut it down, 'cause at first I was scrappin' for pennies, but now I'm Oscar proud. See I took Twerk first because he was the best Goonie, to get it out the way, don't think I still can't give glue a round, paper mache, and I will put Drugz in a box. He ain't saying nothing, y'all heard my third rounds, how I package controlled substance. They tried to put me in jail, why? 'Cause the system kept fuckin' with me? All 'cause I resemble Akon and my only crime was trying to create a whole new city? I told y'all, I ain't come to play a motherfuckin' round, and if I'm lyin', I'm flyin', my feet ain't left the motherfuckin' ground. - So why'd you steal the money, Bruce? (audience chuckles) Nah nah nah, we don't want none of them political answers, nigga, we want the truth. (audience laughs) You took that money from your campaign and put it to other use. You stole all that money, you ain't in jail? All right, teach me the fuckin' game, Bruce, I mean. Something just wasn't sitting right. I could just tell you wasn't living right. Had the nerve to call your movie the St. Louis Superman, and the whole time the green was your kryptonite. ARP. (audience yells) ARP put you on a good card. You know he put them racks out on it. How you in a group with Loso, Award, Saga, and JC still back out on it? Do you accept Christ? (audience laughs) Do you accept Christ as your lord and savior? 'Cause you know, you were supposed to be on the get back, you know, breakin' 'em up, but instead, for obvious reasons, JC chose the Genesis, you know, Caffeine and Drake was shaking shit up, but if he over there putting in work, well how he gonna stop me from blazin' shit up? 'Cause the URL and RBE only proves one theory. JC can't be two places at once. (audience yells) So tonight you gotta prove something. Nigga you better move something. Made my peace with God, told him if I spend a block with the arm out, Ooops, coming. (audience yells) Tool's dumping. Nigga, you already know what I'm gonna say. You in the DMV, Goonie town, get greedy with a bow, namaste, I'mma say, you wanna put an end to gun violence, but we the ones loadin'. Elijah, Mohammad, find out where a nigga preaching, then we fold him. All you heard was-- - Nigga get your hand out my pocket. - Then it's holes in 'em. (audience chatters) - Hold on hold on, I said all you heard was-- - Nigga get your hand out my pocket. - Then it's holes in 'em, the modern day Malcolm X, the last place you wanna be is the podium. Niggas was in-- (audience yells) Niggas was in dark times, they was giving blessings to you. Niggas was starving for plates, they was giving extras to you, and we starting to think less of you too. What you forgot in these times in war, niggas even shoot the messengers too, you comin' to get a message to them, I'm comin' to get a message to you. (audience hoots) We live in times with a screenshot, I even gotta watch what's in my messages too. (audience yells) Chrome heaters, dome seekers, bow. Let's see if he can Rome with no Ceaser. I had my bitch put more niggas in Frank's house than Moesha. (audience yells) You wanna be on URL so fuckin' bad. (Ooops laughs) (audience chuckles) I'm getting tired of seeing you bitch and complain on every status and post. Besides Daylyt, nigga we can't even say none of your quotes. I mean, you've been through a lot and survived, just know I'm happy for bro. But B Magic, it's crazy how this nigga beat cancer but just never touched the stage that matters the most, I mean what was you thinking? (audience shouts) What was you thinking? (audience yells over each other) What was you thinking? When you got here and prepared for me, nigga, all those conversations in Houston, you was practically beggin' me nigga. Gun in his face, but I'm helping you. Don't be scared of me nigga. What to Martin, Malcolm and Huey all got in common? A bullet made the legacy bigger. It's one thing I wanna know, it's like, how you like the fifth member in the four horseman? Oh the changed it for you. - Yeah they had to. - Okay. Well how does that workin' really? I mean, God always forget, but he can't reverse no mistakes. Shotgun, hit the preacher and the politician. I know y'all think I'm buggin' but wait, y'all know how this shit go, you always got to separate the church from the state. - Let me tell you some shit, bro, that you probably didn't know. You know how they took out our black leaders back in the day? It was COINTELPRO. They attacked our characters and filled our communities with lies, it's crazy how they did all of that just to see our demise, so when the system say a black man was stealing 14K, it's crazy. When the system say a black man stealing 14K, it's crazy how those who look like me got so much to stay. (audience moans) I say it's crazy how those who look like me got so much to say, you weak ass battle rappers keep using politics for a punchline when I couldn't get you motherfuckers to vote when it was crunch time. (audience screams) You weak ass battle rappers keep using politics for a punchline when I couldn't get you motherfuckers to vote when it was crunch time, I mean, when I couldn't get you motherfuckers to vote when it was crunch time, the first thing they say is, I don't really fuck with politics. Until the system came for me, y'all showed a whole lot of interest, see in Missouri if you steal over 500, that's a felony, so if I stole 14 thousand, you really think they'll let me leave? It's a difference between being fined for misreporting and actually stealing; if I stole 14K they woulda drug me out that motherfuckin' building. - That's a fact. - The reason they was really mad is 'cause I was finally paying my people a livable wage, and when they couldn't bury their kids, I'm the one that made a way. But fuck that, let's talk about the nine million I found to fund summer jobs. Let's talk about the nine million I found to fund summer jobs, or how every bill I passed was against all odds, or about how I took the biggest stage in politics and I ain't choke, or 'bout how when our people back was against the wall, I'm the one that gave 'em hope. Now let's talk about how everyday they see me fight for what I believe in, now you try to convince them 14K was my reason for leaving. You know why I touched on this shit bro? It's because enough is enough. I knew you was gonna have that angle, but I ain't give a fuck. I seen my kid's first breath in this earth and my brother's last, lost my girlfriend in 2006, I miss her goofy laugh, it was times I had to starve so my kids wouldn't, did you know that? I was hooked up to a EKG just waiting for it to go flat, I went to college, but because of the trauma, I didn't finish. I mean them suicide attempts was like free throws, just glad I had Shaq's percentage. You know what's the craziest things about running for office? I actually fuckin' won, you tired of hearing those stores like that? Well I ain't fuckin' done, 'cause while you out here talking about how you name your guns, I was in the street consoling the mothers and fathers with slain sons. But you talking about you name your guns. While our crime rate's steady growing. I mean, you name your gun, but we know bullets ain't got a name on it, so while it ain't I name my gun, that shit is actually too fuckin' far, 'cause I'm trying to keep my kids away from Geechi, that's every fuckin' bar, I told y'all. I ain't come to play a motherfuckin' round, if I'm lying, I'm flyin', my feet ain't left the motherfuckin' ground. - I woke up on a Wednesday, three o'clock, crying, sweating, the dream felt so true. - What happened? - I was up here talking to y'all but not really saying nothing. It was so Ooops. (audience titters) Y'all know how he do, make it seem like he been in such a bad place, say something he feel like gonna connect with y'all, make that little sad face. (audience chuckles) Like you ain't happy about shit? You just act like niggas threw shit in your way. Niggas be like, what's wrong, Ooops? I went to Chipotle earlier, they ain't have no avocado and it ruined my day. (audience laughs) But back to the dream, 'cause it felt so real. Y'all disappeared, I turned around and Ooops was standing right here. I told him, you in the nation's capital. You took a break from battle rap, 'cause politics, you wanted to get in tune with, and in about how much time you got on this earth, it's about what you do with it. I mean, it used to be Danny 10K, but now they talk about your 14K more, and it's your fault for that stupid shit. Change? Nigga, all we hear is talk, where's the proof in it? I say all we hear is talk, where's the proof in it? As a friend, I can tell you 'cause there's truth in it. You losin' it; the struggle? You abusing it. I didn't want you to be the next Martin or Malcolm, I wanted you to be the first Bruce in it, do you get it? This gimmick, this image, it's work next to nothing. It's a reason while you still here and the rest of the vets is buzzing. I used to watch some of your old battles and actually feel like I left with something. You was a better artist when you woke up everyday and thought death was coming. (audience yells) I bet you thought my name next to yours was probably great, found out I was a killer, and now I'm the one sealing your fate. I'm in that spot you wish you was in, and now since every ounce of the hate, but you only gonna get this spot if I die, nigga, you Councilman Tate. I mean, but I see greatness inside, I see the greatness inside, I see the pain in your eyes, understand that I recognize it 'cause the same was in mine. I lost 90 some years ago, and I still don't sit right with that, Esco and Dirty Hundreds lost Wop, and I know with God, they still tight with that. So be happy that your life intact. You on the DMV, you know how many niggas will take your life if it could bring Swavy back, I mean. I mean it's quite the fact. I know I keep bringing up that 14K bro, but did you spend it? They say you got nominated for the Oscar, my nigga. Did you win it? (audience chuckles) (electronic music) (electronic whooshes)

My name is Arthur Barraza. I'm a graduate student in the Shark Lab at Cal State Long Beach. I study Green Sea Turtles that live in San Diego bay and Seal Beach, and I try to find out what kind of heavy metals and pesticide pollutants they have in their body. The Green Sea Turtles are worldwide considered endangered. In this region, they are considered threatened. So, They're species of concern, and this is actually the most north that they are, because they actually use the effluent of power plants to warm-up. We live in a very urban environment, and therefore, pollutants make their way into the environment through urban effluence. Once they get into the environment, things like fish, bacteria pick up these pollutants, get eaten by larger fish, or get absorbed by plants, which then get eaten by sea turtles. So that's how these pollutants can enter through the environment and end up in sea turtles bodies. Recently we have found that while Green Sea Turtles don't have many of the don't have many of the pesticides in their body, they have more of the heavy metals, such as Zinc, Silver, and Cadmium. And cadmium comes, most of the time, from cigarette butts that are thrown into the water. Not only that, but many of the pollutants that would affect organisms like sea turtles can actually affect people. For example, high amounts of Cadmium can be detrimental to your health. LA is such a populated and congested area that a lot of the pollution that comes from it could be entering our environment, and a study like mine is important in order to understand the risk that that pollution can cost with something threatened like Green Sea Turtles.

- Nowadays, more and more workers report feeling stressed. I can relate. Like most people, I get nervous when I'm being put on the spot at a meeting or need to respond to my editor's criticism. I'm about to go into a meeting that I'm stressed about. I have two deadlines to meet. To learn how stress at work affects our health, I'm enrolling in a scientific experiment. (sighs) Big sigh of relief. Let's see what the week brings. - There's a whole cascade of physiological responses that occur under stress. And each of us differs in the way in which we respond. (gentle music) - Columbia University professor Richard Sloan and his lab developed a unique way to measure the impact of stress on our health. Can you tell us about the experiment that I'm going to be putting myself through for the next week? - What we're interested in is trying to understand the underlying physiology of the experience of stress throughout the regular day. - [Daniela] For seven days, I'll need to wear a small portable heart monitor and fill out a questionnaire on a modified iPod. For this study, Richard Sloan's lab has developed an app that will prompt me to log my mood, who I'm with, and how stressed I am 12 to 15 times a day. - With the combination of these two sets of data we'll be able to get a pretty interesting picture of how your heart responds to a variety of different circumstances. - [Daniela] Under stress, glands above the kidneys release stress-related hormones like adrenaline, which increases our heart rate. We sweat more, and the way we metabolize food changes. Our immune system goes into overdrive, and that can cause inflammation. This response is meant to protect us against against an infection. - That's good, as long as the response, the inflammatory response, doesn't outlast the challenge. - If our immune system is overactive for too long, it won't be able to protect us against a cold or an infectious disease. Is stress always bad? - No. Excessive stress is bad. - [Daniela] A certain amount of stress can help us be engaged and work better, but chronic stress can have a negative effect on our health. - One of the classic cases of extended stress is caregiving. Stressful work experiences, having a work environment that is ... not supportive, having ... a boss who is frequently ... angry or hostile, critical is another chronic stressor. - Chronic stress puts us at risk for developing a variety of diseases. It changes the way our bodies release insulin, the hormone that regulate level of sugar in the blood, and that increases the risk for developing diabetes. The prolonged inflammation linked to chronic stress can damage blood vessels, and that can up the risk of heart disease. My job is demanding, the hours are long, and I'm curious to know how I'm coping. This is my first home video entry, and I've been wearing the heart monitor now for probably five hours. Logging and wearing a heart monitor only added to my everyday stress. I had to make sure the data and circumstances were recorded. I'm about to go into a stressful meeting. Hopefully it'll go well. But the experiment also helped me understand who and what stresses me out and the impact of confronting personal challenges. (sighing) Knowing that scientists were going to sift through my data made me work out harder. It also made me more conscious of my work-life balance. I am basically gonna go back to work ... seven hours after I left the office. It's Wednesday night at ... 9:04 p.m., and I'm still at the office. 2:17 a.m. on Saturday, September ... It's July. It's July. Do I look like a stress case in this data? - You don't report a lot of stress. Over the seven-day period when you were prompted about whether you were experiencing stress right now, only 12 times did you report yes to that out of about 70 or so. - Overall, my cardiogram was perfectly normal. But even though I wasn't consistently stressed all week, I remember moments when my heart rate changed. For instance, when I had to pitch a new project, the heart monitor picked up on that. I'm sitting in Bryant Park. A long walk outside after some weekend work helped me cope with stress. I feel pretty relaxed and energized. It's really nice to be outside. For my heart rate, it meant that variability went up, which is good, because stress usually does the opposite. For instance, when I was getting a story ready to publish, it felt like a pit in my stomach, and my heart rate was still. So are some of the traps of stress of our own making? - Yes, in a sense. Some are, and some are not. If you work in an incredibly stressful environment because your supervisors are nasty, and you have deadlines, and you have relatively limited control over your work experience but lots of demands, those things aren't really not of your own making, and it's generally much more beneficial and more effective to change the environment if it's at all possible. - [Daniela] If changing environments or jobs isn't an option, then research suggests reframing your experience or even relaxation exercises might help reduce the impact of chronic stress. It was reassuring to know my heart was resilient to the challenges of my work week, or perhaps my workout balance stopped my stress. - You could argue the heart rate variability is a measure of resilience. It's a measure of the flexibility of the cardiovascular system to respond to a challenge, and that is what resilience is. From an evolutionary perspective, having higher levels of heart rate variability gives you more room to raise or lower your heart rate in response to a challenge that you might experience. - Relaxing a little bit more today. I don't have a pressing deadline. Hopefully no breaking news. There are many ways to improve our resilience to stress. Science shows that mindfulness exercises like yoga and meditation can help. Sleep is important. Also, consider hitting the gym. - Increasing your cardio-respiratory fitness is associated with an increase in heart rate variability. As a cardiology colleague of mine used to say, the heart is happiest when it dances. (gentle music)

Bonjour, bienvenue au cours de physique générale de l'EPFL. Dans cette leçon, on a vu comment faire la mécanique du point matériel, lorsqu'on est à la surface de la terre qu'on prend comme référentiel, et lorsqu'il faut tenir compte du fait que la terre tourne. Ici, je vais discuter le pendule de Foucault, on va d'abord considérer le phénomène avec un modèle de table, et ensuite je vous montre comment on construit un pendule de Foucault dans les auditoires de physique. Voici le modèle. Imaginez que vous soyez en dessus du pôle Nord, immobile par rapport à des étoiles lointaines. Imaginez que quelqu'un ait construit un pendule au pôle Nord, et ait marqué le pôle d'une croix. On verrait à peu près ce qu'on voit sur cette vidéo. D'abord, dans le référentiel d'inertie, ici, le référentiel de l'auditoire, vous notez que le plan du pendule reste toujours le même. Et par conséquent, pour quelqu'un qui est dans le référentiel de la platine qui tourne, ce plan d'oscillation tourne. C'est le principe du pendule de Foucault. Maintenant, on va voir comment on peut construire un pendule de Foucault dans un auditoire. Voilà une vue de l'auditoire, le pendule est là en bas, le fil monte jusqu'au plafond, il n'y a pas beaucoup de hauteur, ce qui pose des problèmes techniques. Le gros problème, c'est de garder le plan d'oscillation du pendule, en fait, de garder le pendule dans un plan d'oscillation pour pouvoir bien voir la rotation de ce plan d'oscillation. Dans la vidéo, vous allez voir les détails techniques qu'on a mis en place, pour assurer l'oscillation planaire et bien visualiser la rotation du plan d'oscillation. Alors, voilà d'abord, la situation dans l'auditoire. Ici, vous avez une vue plongeante vers le bas, on est dans les faux plafonds de l'auditoire et on regarde le pendule vers le bas. Et voilà un point essentiel de la construction, le fil est accroché à un cadre, le cadre est soutenu par une boule sur un coussin d'air. Maintenant, ça c'est aussi un point très important de l'expérience, on tire le pendule hors de sa position d'équilibre, et on le laisse tranquille un moment, et c'est avec un dispositif électromécanique qu'on relâche, doucement, le pendule. On laisse le pendule s'équilibrer, pendant quelques minutes, et ensuite on le relâche. Pour bien voir l'oscillation, on a mis.... On voit déjà qu'on est bien sur un plan. Et pour bien visualiser l'oscillation, on a une diode, au bout du pendule, un verre dépoli et une caméra sous le verre dépoli qui nous permet de voir sur les téléviseurs de l'auditoire, l'orientation du plan d'oscillation. Maintenant, on va regarder comment le système évolue en accéléré. On observe que, après une heure, le pendule a dévié d'à peu près, enfin le plan d'oscillation a dévié d'à peu près 10 degrés, et après deux heures, on arrive à à peu près 20 degrés. On peut analyser cette mesure. Commençons d'abord par un ordre de grandeur, avec le petit modèle, on a compris que c'est la rotation de la terre qui détermine la rotation du plan d'oscillation au pôle Nord. Si on était au pôle Nord, on aurait 360 degrés en 24 heures, ce qui correspond à peu près à 15 degrés en une heure. Ça, c'est pour le pôle Nord, mais, nous ne sommes pas au pôle Nord, nous devons utiliser la formule établie au cours, vous avez la vitesse angulaire de rotation du plan, phi point, qui vaut oméga sinus phi, où phi est la latitude. Je rappelle la valeur de oméga, la latitude de Lausanne, c'est 46,5 degrés, ceci nous permet d'estimer qu'en une heure, on devrait avoir une déviation de 11 degrés, bon à 10% près, on y est. Il est difficile de dire quel est le facteur le plus important qui fait que on n'a pas trouvé exactement 10 degrés.

In 2011, scientists created glow-in-the-dark cats. The researchers took a gene from glowing jellyfish and inserted it into the unfertilized eggs of house cats. It was a neat trick, but they had a bigger goal in mind. They also made the cats more likely to be resistant to a feline form of AIDS, by, again, manipulating their DNA. And cats aren't that different than humans. In fact, we share around 90% of our DNA with them. So why can't we engineer humans in the same way? Well, we can -- engineer ourselves to be resistant to life-threatening illnesses, that is. In fact, one scientist claims that he's genetically engineered two babies using a revolutionary tool called CRISPR. But what exactly is a CRISPR baby, anyway? Would you like to be 6 feet tall or never bald? The secret to traits like these lies in the 6 billion letters of your genetic code. But there could be something else in there as well: mutations. Genetic mutations are linked to at least 6,000 medical conditions from sickle cell anemia to Huntington's disease. But what if you could make those mutations simply disappear? That's where the gene-editing tool CRISPR comes in. CRISPR is made from specialized proteins and other compounds found in certain bacteria. Normally, these proteins protect the bacteria by destroying enemy invaders like viruses. But the inventors of CRISPR figured out how to turn those proteins against genetic mutations and other genes linked to disease. First, they give the proteins coordinates of the wanted gene. Then, CRISPR runs a seek-and-destroy function. After that, other molecules are dispatched to repair the gene with new, healthy DNA. And just like that, you can edit the human genome. But while the edits may be quick, their changes can last for centuries, especially if you're editing the DNA in an embryo. Embryos start out with a single cell that eventually replicates into millions and then trillions more. So if you alter that initial cell first, you're manipulating the ingredients for every cell that follows later in life, and those same altered cells can be passed on from generation to generation. That's one reason why most experiments on human embryos haven't left the lab. That is, except for the work of Dr. He Jiankui. He claims to have used CRISPR to target and knock out the CCR5 gene in human embryos, which is linked to HIV infection. And then he did something that shocked the scientific community. He implanted the embryos into several women, one of whom gave birth to genetically modified twins. Resistance to HIV aside, most scientists say the procedure was too risky. At least two studies suggest that edited cells might actually trigger cancer. And another found that CRISPR can accidentally take aim at healthy DNA. So while CRISPR could make us immune to disease, who knows what else we might get on the side?

I'm very passionate about research and applied linguistics. I'm hoping to establish a career in research, it's a long road but I'm hoping to get there. I started working as an English language teacher overseas and I had some great experiences over there, teaching non english speakers. I wanted to continue looking into language and learning about the way that language works and how it's applied in terms of teaching and learning. And so I decided to study applied linguistics. I liked meeting people from different backgrounds and discussing language, the minute detail of language from grammar to discourse, the way that people talk and communicate and learning about how language is acquired. I did my undergraduate degree at Melbourne University. I loved it, it was such an interesting experience because there was a diverse range of people and the teachers were dedicated and I learnt a lot. So I decided to pursue my Masters Degree here. The other students were very open and warm and accepting of difference and interested in other people's opinions, so we had some great conversations and I did a few group projects and got to know some people that way so the other students are interested in socialising but also they're here to study hard as well. I found the teachers to be very well prepared and knowledgable about their subject areas. I emailed them regularly, I asked them questions, we had group discussions in class and I was able to phone them if I had any questions about my studies. I love studying, I think it's part of who I am and it makes me happy to learn and become more educated.

Russian: Интересы: Планер Хобби: Стрельба, верховая езда Не нравится: Сигнальные башни Интересы: Стрижка деревьев Хобби: Уборка сада, игры в прятки Не нравится: Лекарственные травы Интересы: Животные, фрукты Хобби: Верховая езда, добывание пищи Не нравится: Город, шумные места Интересы: Деньги Хобби: Скрываться Не нравится: Высокомерные люди English: Interests: Glider Hobbies: Shooting, horse riding Don't like: Signal towers Interests: tree Cutting Hobbies: Gardening, playing hide and seek Don't like: Medicinal herbs Interests: Animals, fruits Hobbies: horse riding, food extraction Don't like: City, noisy places Interests: Money Hobbies: Hiding Don't like: Arrogant people French: Intérêts: Planeur Loisirs: Tir, équitation Ne pas aimer: tours de Signalisation Intérêts: Tondre les arbres Passe-temps: Nettoyage du jardin, jeu de cache-cache N'aime pas: herbes Médicinales Intérêts: Animaux, fruits Passe-temps: équitation, extraction de nourriture N'aime pas: Ville, lieux bruyants Intérêts: Argent Passe-Temps: Se Cacher Ne pas aimer: les gens Arrogants Korean: 관심 분야:글라이더 취미:촬영,승마 좋아하지 않는다:신호 타워 관심사:나무 절단 취미:원예,숨바꼭질 놀이 좋아하지 않는다:약초 관심 분야:동물,과일 취미:승마,음식 추출 좋아하지 않는다:도시,시끄러운 장소 관심사:돈 취미 숨기기 좋아하지 않는다:오만한 사람들 Italian: Interessi: Aliante Hobby: tiro, equitazione Non mi piace: torri di segnale Interessi: taglio di alberi Hobby: pulizia del giardino, gioco di nascondino Non mi piace: erbe medicinali Interessi: animali, frutta Hobby: equitazione, estrazione del cibo Non mi piace: città, luoghi rumorosi Interessi: Soldi Hobby: Nascondersi Non mi piace: persone arroganti Japanese: 興味：グライダー 趣味：撮影、乗馬 好きではない：信号塔 興味:木の切断 趣味：ガーデニング、かくれんぼ 好きではない：薬草 興味：動物、果物 趣味：乗馬、食品抽出 好きではない：都市、騒々しい場所 興味：お金 趣味：隠す 好きではない：傲慢な人 Arabic: الاهتمامات: المنزلقة الهوايات: إطلاق النار ، ركوب الخيل لا أحب أبراج الإشارة المصالح: قطع الأشجار الهوايات: تنظيف الحديقة ، لعب الغميضة لا أحب الأعشاب الطبية المصالح: الحيوانات ، الفواكه الهوايات: ركوب الخيل ، البحث عن الطعام مدينة ، أماكن صاخبة الفوائد: المال الهوايات: الاختباء لا أحب المتغطرسون German: Interessen: Segelflugzeug Hobbys: Schießen, Reiten Nicht wie: Signaltürme Interessen: Baumschnitt Hobbys: Gartenreinigung, Versteckspiel Nicht wie: Heilkräuter Interessen: Tiere, Früchte Hobbys: Reiten, nahrungsgewinnung Nicht wie: Stadt, laute Orte Interessen: Geld Hobby: Verstecken Nicht wie: Arrogante Menschen Vietnamese: Sở Thích: Tàu Lượn Sở thích: Bắn súng, cưỡi ngựa Không giống như: Tín hiệu tháp Sở thích: cây Cắt Sở thích: làm Vườn, chơi trốn tìm Không giống như: các loại thảo Dược Sở thích: động Vật, trái cây Sở thích: cưỡi ngựa, thức ăn, khai thác Không giống như thành Phố, những nơi ồn ào, Sở Thích: Tiền Sở Thích: Ẩn Không giống như: người kiêu Ngạo Portuguese: Interesses: Planador Hobbies: Tiro, equitação Não gosta de: Sinalização de torres Interesses: Corte de árvores Passatempo: a Limpeza do jardim, um jogo de esconde-esconde Não gosta de: ervas Medicinais Interesses: Animais, frutas Hobby: Andar a cavalo, produção de alimentos Não gosta de: Cidade, um lugar barulhento Interesses: Dinheiro Hobbies: Escondido Não gosta de: pessoas Arrogantes Spanish: Intereses: Planeador Pasatiempos: Tiro, Equitación No me gusta: torres de Señal Intereses: cortar árboles Pasatiempos: Limpiar el Jardín, jugar al escondite No me gusta: hierbas Medicinales Intereses: Animales, fruta Pasatiempos: Equitación, extracción de alimentos No me gusta: Ciudad, lugares ruidosos Intereses: Dinero Hobby: Esconderse No me gusta: gente Arrogante Malay (macrolanguage): Kepentingan: Glider Hobi: Menembak, menunggang kuda Jangan seperti: menara Isyarat Kepentingan: Memotong pohon Hobi: Berkebun, bermain petak umpet Jangan seperti: herba Kepentingan: Haiwan, buah-buahan Hobi: menunggang kuda, makanan pengekstrakan Jangan seperti: City, tempat bising Kepentingan: Wang Hobi: Bersembunyi Jangan seperti: Sombong orang Indonesian: Minat: Glider Menembak, berkuda Tidak suka: sinyal menara Minat: Potong pohon Hobi: berkebun, bermain petak umpet Tidak suka: Obat Herbal Minat: Dan buah-buahan. Kuda, kuda, makanan, ekstraksi Tidak suka: kota, tempat yang bising Minat: Uang Hobi: Bersembunyi Tidak suka: orang Sombong Turkish: İlgi Alanları: Planör Hobiler: çekim, At Binme Beğenmedim: sinyal kuleleri İlgi alanları: ağaç Kesimi Hobiler: Bahçe temizliği, saklambaç oynamak Sevmiyorum: şifalı otlar İlgi alanları: Hayvanlar, meyveler Hobiler: Binicilik, gıda çıkarma Sevmiyorum: şehir, gürültülü yerler İlgi Alanları: Para Hobiler: Gizleme Beğenmedim: kibirli insanlar Arabic: المصالح: قضاء الوقت وحده الهوايات: مراسم الجنازة لا أحب العيش الاهتمامات: الركبي الهوايات: الركض بالكرة لا أحب آلات التشفير الاهتمامات: تربية الأيائل الهواية: رمي لا أحب الأسلحة ، المقص الاهتمامات: المشي على الحبل الضيق الهوايات: القفز ، البهلوانات لا أحب الناس الأقوياء و الغير قابلين للسيطرة المصالح: التسوق الهوايات: الرقص ، التقويم لا أحب المنتجات الرخيصة English: Interests: Spending time alone Hobbies: Funeral ceremonies Don't like: Live people Interests: Rugby Hobbies: running with a ball Don't like: Encryption machines Interests: elk Breeding Hobby: Throwing Don't like: Guns, scissors Interests: walking a tightrope Hobbies: Jumping, acrobatics Don't like: Tough and unmanageable people Interests: Shopping Hobbies: Dancing, Almanacs Don't like: Cheap products German: Interessen: Zeit alleine Verbringen Hobby: Trauerfeier Nicht wie: Lebende Menschen Interessen: Rugby Hobby: Laufen mit dem Ball Nicht wie: Verschlüsselungsmaschinen Interessen: elchzucht Hobby: Werfen Nicht wie: Pistolen, Scheren Interessen: Seilspringen Hobbys: Springen, Akrobatik Nicht wie: Harte und Unkontrollierbare Menschen Interessen: Einkaufen Hobbys: Tanzen, Almanachs Nicht wie: Billige waren Italian: Interessi: passare il tempo da solo Hobby: cerimonie funebri Non mi piace: persone viventi Interessi: Rugby Hobby: corsa con la palla Non mi piace: Macchine crittografiche Interessi: allevamento di alci Hobby: Lancio Non mi piace: pistole, forbici Interessi: camminare sulla corda Hobby: salto, tumbling Non mi piace: persone difficili e ingestibili Interessi: Shopping Hobby: Danza, Almanacchi Non mi piace: merci a buon mercato Indonesian: Minat: Menghabiskan waktu sendirian Upacara pemakaman Tidak suka: orang-orang hidup Minat: Rugby Berjalan dengan bola Tidak suka: mesin enkripsi Minat: pengembangbiakan elk Melempar Tidak suka: senjata, gunting Minat: berjalan di atas tali Hobi: melompat, akrobat Tidak suka: orang tangguh dan tidak teratur Minat: Belanja Hobi: Menari, Almanacs Tidak suka: produk murah French: Intérêts: Passer du temps seul Hobby: cérémonies Funéraires Ne pas aimer: les gens Vivants Intérêts: Rugby Passe-temps: Courir avec le ballon Je n'aime pas: les machines à Chiffrer Intérêts: Elevage d'orignaux Passe-Temps: Lancer N'aime pas: Pistolets, ciseaux Intérêts: marcher sur la corde raide Passe-temps: Saut, acrobatie Ne pas aimer: les gens Durs et ingérables Intérêts: Shopping Passe-Temps: Danse, Almanachs N'aime pas: produits bon Marché Japanese: 興味:一人で過ごす時間 趣味：葬儀 好きではない:生きている人々 興味：ラグビー 趣味：ボールで走る 好きではない：暗号化マシン 興味：エルクの繁殖 趣味：投げる 好きではない：銃、はさみ 興味：綱渡りを歩く 趣味：ジャンプ、アクロバット 好まない:堅く、始末におえない人々 興味：ショッピング 趣味：ダンス、アルマナック 好きではない：安い製品 Turkish: İlgi alanları: yalnız zaman geçirmek Hobiler: cenaze törenleri Sevmiyorum: yaşayan insanlar İlgi Alanları: Rugby Hobiler: top ile Koşu Beğenmedim: şifreleme makineleri İlgi alanları: geyik yetiştiriciliği Hobi: Atma Beğenmedim: tabancalar, makas İlgi alanları: halat yürüyüşü Hobiler: atlama, yuvarlanan Sevmemek: sert ve yönetilemez insanlar İlgi Alanları: Alışveriş Hobiler: Dans, Almanak Sevmiyorum: ucuz ürünler Spanish: Intereses: Pasar tiempo solo Hobby: ceremonias Fúnebres No me gusta: gente Viva Intereses: Rugby Hobby: Correr con la pelota No me gusta: máquinas de Cifrado Intereses: Cría de alces Hobby: Lanzar No me gusta: Pistolas, tijeras Intereses: Caminar por la cuerda floja Pasatiempos: Saltos, acrobacias No me gusta: personas Duras e inmanejables Intereses: Compras Aficiones: Baile, Almanaques No me gusta: productos Baratos Russian: Интересы: Проводить время в одиночестве Хобби: Похоронные церемонии Не нравится: Живые Интересы: Регби Хобби: Бег с мячом Не нравится: Шифровальные машинки Интересы: Разведение лосей Хобби: Метание Не нравится: Пистолеты, ножницы Интересы: Хождению по канату Хобби: Прыжки, акробатика Не нравится: Жёсткие и неуправляемые люди Интересы: Шоппинг Хобби: Танцы, Альманахи Не нравится: Дешевые товары Korean: 관심사:혼자 보내는 시간 취미:장례식 좋아하지 않는다:라이브 사람들 관심사:럭비 취미:공 실행 좋아하지 않는다:암호화 기계 관심 분야:엘크 사육 취미:던지기 좋아하지 않는다:총,가위 관심 분야:줄타기 걷기 취미:점프,곡예 힘들고 관리하기 어려운 사람들 관심사:쇼핑 취미:춤,연감 좋아하지 않는다:싼 제품 Malay (macrolanguage): Kepentingan: Menghabiskan waktu sendirian Hobi: upacara Pengebumian Jangan seperti: orang-orang Hidup Kepentingan: Rugby Hobi: berjalan dengan bola Jangan seperti: Penyulitan mesin Kepentingan: rusa besar Pembiakan Hobi: Melontar Jangan seperti: Senjata, gunting Kepentingan: berjalan di atas tali Hobi: Melompat, akrobatik Jangan seperti: Sulit dan tidak terurus orang Kepentingan: Membeli-Belah Hobi: Menari, Almanak Jangan seperti: produk Murah Portuguese: Interesses: Passar o tempo na solidão Hobbies: cerimônia de Funeral Não gosto: de pessoas reais Interesses: Rugby Hobbies: Correr com a bola Não gosto: de Criptografia portable Interesses: Criação de alces Hobby: Jogar Não gosta de: Pistolas, tesoura Interesses: Caminhar sobre uma corda bamba Hobbies: Saltos, acrobacias Não gosta de: unidades de disco Rígido e não gerenciados pessoas Interesses: Compras Hobbies: Dançar, Almanaques Não gosta de: produtos Baratos Vietnamese: Sở thích: Dành thời gian một mình Sở thích: Tang lễ Không giống như: Sống người Sở Thích: Bóng Bầu Dục Sở thích: chạy với một bóng Không giống như: mã Hóa máy móc Sở thích: nai sừng tấm chăn Nuôi Sở Thích: Ném Không giống như: Súng, kéo Sở thích: đi trên dây Sở thích: ... Nhảy, lộn Không giống như: Khó khăn và không thể quản lý mọi người Sở Thích: Mua Sắm Sở Thích: Nhảy Niên Giám Không giống như: sản phẩm giá Rẻ Spanish: Pasatiempos: Magia, disfraces Habilidades especiales: Magia Me gusta: varitas mágicas de alta Calidad y disfraces No me gusta: Estar en peligro Aficiones: armas Frías, lucha Habilidades especiales: Escalada, armas frías, lucha libre Me gusta: cuchillos Gurkha, luz de Luna No me gusta: jabalíes Intereses: Comedia Hobby: Restauración, motosierras No me gusta: Personas a las que les gusta hacer ejercicio lloran Intereses: Autopsia Hobby: Estar encubierto No me gusta: Linternas Intereses: alimentos y bebidas de alta Gama Hobby: Hacer perfumes, aceites esenciales No me gusta: cosas Sucias, artículos rotos, olor a desinfectantes para equipos médicos Italian: Hobby: magia, costumi Abilità speciali: magia Piace: bacchette magiche di alta qualità e costumi Non mi piace: essere minacciato Hobby: armi fredde, combattimento Abilità speciali: arrampicata, armi fredde, combattimento Come: Gurkha coltelli, chiaro di luna Non mi piace: cinghiali Interessi: Commedia Hobby: restauro, motoseghe Non mi piace: le persone che amano fare sport, piagnucolare Interessi: Autopsia Hobby: essere sotto copertura Non mi piace: luci Interessi: cibo e bevande di alto livello Hobby: fare profumi, oli essenziali Non mi piace: cose sporche, oggetti rotti, odore di disinfettanti per attrezzature mediche Vietnamese: Sở thích: Ma thuật, trang phục Kỹ năng đặc biệt: Ma thuật Giống như: cây đũa phép Thuật của chất lượng cao nhất và phù hợp với Không thích Bị đe dọa Sở thích: Lạnh vũ khí chiến đấu, Kỹ năng đặc biệt: Leo núi lạnh vũ khí chiến đấu, Thích: Gurkha dao, moonlight Không giống như: heo rừng Sở Thích: Hài Sở thích: Phục hồi, cưa Không giống như: những Người thích chơi thể thao, crybabies Sở Thích: Khám Nghiệm Tử Thi Sở thích: Được bí mật Không giống như: Đèn Sở thích: cao cấp thức ăn và nước uống Sở thích: Làm nước hoa, tinh dầu Không giống như: những thứ dơ Bẩn, đồ bị hỏng, mùi thuốc khử trùng cho thiết bị y tế Japanese: 趣味：マジック、衣装 特別なスキル：魔法 のように：最高の品質とスーツの魔法の杖 脅かされるのは好きではない 趣味：冷たい武器、戦闘 特別なスキル：ロッククライミング、冷たい武器、戦い 好き:Gurkhaナイフ,月光 好きではない：イノシシ 興味：コメディ 趣味：修復、チェーンソー 好きではない：スポーツをするのが好きな人、crybabies 興味：剖検 趣味：潜入捜査 好きではない：ライト 興味:ハイエンドの食品および飲料 趣味：香水、エッセンシャルオイルを作る 好きではない：汚れたもの、壊れたアイテム、医療機器の消毒剤の匂い Indonesian: Hobi: sihir, kostum Keahlian khusus: sihir Seperti: sihir tongkat dari kualitas tertinggi dan setelan Tidak suka diancam Hobi: Senjata Dingin, berjuang Kemampuan khusus, panjat tebing, senjata dingin, berkelahi Pisau Gurkha seperti, sinar bulan Tidak suka: babi hutan Minat: Komedi Pemulihan, gergaji mesin. Jangan suka: orang yang suka bermain olahraga, cengeng Minat: Otopsi Menyamar Tidak suka: lampu Minat: Makanan mahal dan minuman. Membuat parfum, minyak esensial, Jangan suka: barang kotor, barang rusak, bau disinfektan untuk peralatan medis Arabic: الهوايات: السحر ، الأزياء المهارات الخاصة: السحر مثل: الصولجان السحرية ذات الجودة العالية والبدلات لا أحب أن أتعرض للتهديد الهوايات: الأسلحة الباردة ، القتال المهارات الخاصة: تسلق الصخور ، الأسلحة الباردة ، القتال سكاكين غوركا ، ضوء القمر لا أحب الخنازير البرية الاهتمامات: الكوميديا الهوايات: الترميم والمناشير لا أحب الناس الذين يحبون ممارسة الرياضة ، الأطفال الباكين الاهتمامات: التشريح أن تكون متخفيا لا أحب الأضواء المصالح: الأغذية والمشروبات الراقية الهوايات: صنع العطور ، الزيوت الأساسية لا أحب الأشياء القذرة ، الأشياء المكسورة رائحة المطهرات للمعدات الطبية French: Passe-temps: Magie, costumes Compétences spéciales: Magie Aime: des baguettes Magiques et des costumes de qualité supérieure Ne pas aimer: être menacé Passe-temps: armes Blanches, combats Compétences spéciales: Escalade, armes blanches, lutte J'aime: couteaux Gurkha, clair de lune Ne pas aimer: sangliers Intérêts: Comédie Passe-temps: Restauration, tronçonneuses Ne pas aimer: les Gens qui aiment faire du sport, les pleurs Intérêts: Autopsie Passe-temps: Être sous couverture Ne pas comme: Lanternes Intérêts: aliments et boissons haut de Gamme Passe-temps: Fabrication de parfums, huiles essentielles N'aime pas: les choses Sales, les objets cassés, l'odeur des désinfectants pour le matériel médical Malay (macrolanguage): Hobi: Sihir, pakaian Kemahiran khas: Sihir Seperti: tongkat Sihir yang bermutu tinggi dan sut Tak suka diancam Hobi: Sejuk senjata, berjuang Kemahiran khas: Mendaki gunung, sejuk senjata, berjuang Suka: Gurkha pisau, cahaya bulan Jangan seperti: babi Hutan Kepentingan: Komedi Hobi: Pemulihan, gergaji Jangan seperti: orang-Orang yang suka bermain sukan, crybabies Kepentingan: Otopsi Hobi: Sedang menyamar Jangan seperti: Lampu Kepentingan: tinggi-End makanan dan minuman Hobi: Membuat minyak wangi, pati Jangan seperti: hal-hal yang Kotor, barang-barang pecah, bau disinfektan untuk peralatan medis Russian: Хобби: Магия, костюмы Специальные навыки: Магия Нравится: Волшебные палочки высшего качества и костюмы Не нравится: Быть под угрозой Хобби: Холодное оружие, боевые действия Специальные навыки: Скалолазание, холодное оружие, борьба Нравится: ножи Гуркха, лунный свет Не нравится: Дикие кабаны Интересы: Комедия Хобби: Реставрация, бензопилы Не нравится: Люди, которые любят заниматься спортом, плаксы Интересы: Вскрытие Хобби: Быть под прикрытием Не нравится: Фонари Интересы: Высококлассные продукты питания и напитки Хобби: Изготовление духов, эфирных масел Не нравится: Грязные вещи, разбитые предметы, запах дезинфицирующих средств для медицинского оборудования Turkish: Hobiler: büyü, kostümler Özel beceriler: sihirli Beğen: en kaliteli sihirli değnekler ve kostümler Sevmemek: tehdit altında olmak Hobiler: soğuk silahlar, mücadele Özel beceriler: kaya tırmanışı, soğuk silahlar, güreş Gibi: Gurkha bıçaklar, ay ışığı Sevmiyorum: yaban domuzu İlgi Alanları: Komedi Hobiler: restorasyon, testere Sevmemek: spor yapmayı seven insanlar, ağlamak İlgi Alanları: Otopsi Hobiler: gizli olmak Sevmiyorum: Fenerler İlgi alanları: lüks yiyecek ve içecek Hobiler: parfüm yapımı, uçucu yağlar Sevmiyorum: kirli şeyler, kırık nesneler, tıbbi ekipman için dezenfektan kokusu German: Hobbys: Magie, Kostüme Besondere Fähigkeiten: Magie Gefällt mir: hochwertige Zauberstäbe und Kostüme Nicht mögen: in Gefahr Sein Hobbys: Kalte Waffen, Kampfhandlungen Spezielle Fähigkeiten: Klettern, kalte Waffen, Kampf Gefällt mir: Gurkha Messer, Mondlicht Nicht wie: Wildschweine Interessen: Komödie Hobbys: Restaurierung, Motorsägen Nicht mögen: Menschen, die gerne Sport treiben, heulen Interessen: Autopsie Hobby: Undercover Sein Nicht wie: Laternen Interessen: Gehobenes Essen und trinken Hobby: Herstellung von Parfüm, ätherischen ölen Nicht wie: Schmutzige Dinge, zerbrochene Gegenstände, Geruch von Desinfektionsmitteln für medizinische Geräte English: Hobbies: Magic, costumes Special skills: Magic Like: Magic wands of the highest quality and suits Don't like to Be threatened Hobbies: Cold weapons, fighting Special skills: rock Climbing, cold weapons, fighting Likes: Gurkha knives, moonlight Don't like: Wild boars Interests: Comedy Hobbies: Restoration, chainsaws Don't like: People who like to play sports, crybabies Interests: Autopsy Hobby: Being undercover Don't like: Lights Interests: high-End food and beverages Hobbies: Making perfumes, essential oils Don't like: Dirty things, broken items, the smell of disinfectants for medical equipment Korean: 취미:마술,의상 특별한 기술:마법 같이:고품질 및 한 벌의 마술 지팡이 위협 받고 싶지 않아 취미:차가운 무기,싸움 특수 기술:암벽 등반,차가운 무기,싸움 좋아요 수:구르카 칼,달빛 좋아하지 않는다:야생 멧돼지 관심사:희극 취미:복원,전기 톱 좋아하지 마라:스포츠를 좋아하는 사람들,옴 관심 분야:부검 취미:잠복 좋아하지 않는다:빛 관심 분야:고급 식품 및 음료 취미:향수 만들기,에센셜 오일 좋아하지 마십시오:더러운 것,끊긴 품목,의료 기기를 위한 소독제의 냄새 Portuguese: Passatempo: Magia, ternos Habilidades especiais: Magia Gosto de: varinhas Mágicas alta qualidade e ternos Não gosta de: Estar sob ameaça Hobbies: armas brancas, de luta Habilidades especiais: Escalada, armas brancas, luta Gosto de: facas Gurkha, a luz do luar Não gosta de: javalis Interesses: Comédia Passatempo: a Restauração, a motosserra Não gosto de: Pessoas que gostam de praticar esportes, bebê chorão Interesses: Uma Autópsia Hobbies: Estar sob o pretexto de Não gosta de: Lanternas Interesses: o Upscale de alimentos e bebidas Hobbies: Fabricação de perfumes, óleos essenciais Não gosto: de coisas Sujas, quebradas itens, o cheiro de desinfetantes para o equipamento médico Vietnamese: Sở Thích: Quản Lý. Sở thích: vẽ hình ảnh Shodo Kỹ năng đặc biệt: Thơ, kiếm, la bàn, ô dù Không giống như: Mưa và dây thừng Sở thích: Xe ô tô, phát minh Kỹ năng đặc biệt: bảo Trì máy cơ khí, búp bê Không giống như: bùng Nổ mọi thứ Sở thích: Biển du lịch Kỹ năng đặc biệt: Bơi, cờ bạc Không giống như âm Nhạc: Sở Thích: Là Một Vị Thần Kỹ năng đặc biệt: không Rõ Không giống như: không Rõ Malay (macrolanguage): Kepentingan: Pengurusan. Hobi: lukisan gambar, Shodo Kemahiran khas: Puisi, pedang, kompas, payung Jangan seperti: Hujan dan tali Hobi: Kereta, ciptaan Kemahiran khas: mesin Penyelenggaraan, patung mekanikal Jangan seperti: Letupan hal-hal Hobi: perjalanan Laut Kemahiran khas: Berenang, perjudian Jangan seperti: Muzik Hobi: Menjadi Dewa Kemahiran khas: tidak Diketahui Tidak seperti anda: tidak Diketahui Spanish: Intereses: Gestión. Hobby: Dibujo de imágenes, Shodo Habilidades especiales: Poemas, espadas, brújula, paraguas No me gusta: Lluvia y cuerdas Aficiones: Máquinas, invenciones Habilidades especiales: mantenimiento de máquinas, muñeca mecánica No me gusta: cosas Explosivas Hobby: viajes por Mar Habilidades especiales: Natación, juegos de azar No me gusta: Música Hobby: Ser Una Deidad Habilidades especiales: Desconocido No me gusta: Desconocido Turkish: İlgi Alanları: Yönetim. Hobiler: resim çizme, Shodo Özel beceriler: Şiirler, kılıçlar, pusula, şemsiye Sevmiyorum: yağmur ve halatlar Hobiler: makine, buluşlar Özel beceriler: makine bakım, mekanik bebek Sevmiyorum: patlayıcı şeyler Hobiler: Deniz Seyahat Özel beceriler: yüzme, kumar Beğenmedim: müzik Hobiler: Tanrı Olmak Özel beceriler: bilinmeyen Beğenmedim: bilinmeyen German: Interessen: Management. Hobbys: Zeichnen von Bildern, Shodo Besondere Fähigkeiten: Gedichte, Schwerter, Kompass, Regenschirm Nicht wie: Regen und Seile Hobby: Maschinen, Erfindungen Spezielle Fähigkeiten: Maschinenwartung, mechanische Puppe Nicht wie: Explosive Dinge Hobby: Seereise Besondere Fähigkeiten: Schwimmen, Glücksspiel Nicht wie: Musik Hobby: Gottheit Sein Besondere Fähigkeiten: Unbekannt Nicht wie: Unbekannt French: Intérêts: Gestion. Passe-temps: Dessin d'images, Shodo Compétences spéciales: Poèmes, épées, boussole, parapluie N'aime pas: la Pluie et les cordes Passe-temps: Machines, inventions Compétences particulières: entretien des machines, poupée mécanique Ne pas aimer: des choses Explosives Loisirs: voyage en Mer Compétences spéciales: Natation, jeu Ne pas aimer: Musique Passe-Temps: Être Une Divinité Compétences spéciales: Inconnu Ne pas aimer: Inconnu Italian: Interessi: Gestione. Hobby: disegnare immagini, Shodo Abilità speciali: poesie, spade, bussola, ombrello Non mi piace: pioggia e Corde Hobby: Macchine, invenzioni Abilità speciali: manutenzione della macchina, bambola meccanica Non mi piace: cose esplosive Hobby: Viaggi in mare Abilità speciali: Nuoto, gioco d'azzardo Non mi piace: Musica Hobby: Essere Una Divinità Abilità speciali: sconosciuto Non mi piace: sconosciuto Portuguese: Interesses: Gestão. Hobbies: Desenhar imagens, Shodo Habilidades especiais: um Poema de espadas, uma bússola, um guarda-chuva Não gosto de: a Chuva e a corda Passatempo: Máquinas, de invenção Habilidades especiais: manutenção de máquinas, mecânico de boneca Não gosta de: Explosivos coisas Hobbies: Navios de viagem Habilidades especiais: Natação, jogos de azar Não gosta de: Música Hobby: Ser Divino Habilidades especiais: Desconhecido Não gosta de: Desconhecido Arabic: الاهتمامات: الإدارة. الهوايات: رسم الصور ، شودو المهارات الخاصة: القصائد ، السيوف ، البوصلة ، المظلة لا أحب المطر والحبال الهوايات: السيارات والاختراعات المهارات الخاصة: صيانة الآلات ، دمية ميكانيكية لا أحب الأشياء المتفجرة الهوايات: السفر في البحر المهارات الخاصة: السباحة ، المقامرة لا أحب الموسيقى الهواية: أن تكون إلها المهارات الخاصة: مجهول لا أحب: مجهول Russian: Интересы: Управление. Хобби: Рисование картинок, Шодо Специальные навыки: Поэмы, мечи, компас, зонт Не нравится: Дождь и веревки Хобби: Машины, изобретения Специальные навыки: Техническое обслуживание машин, механическая кукла Не нравится: Взрывоопасные вещи Хобби: Морское путешествия Специальные навыки: Плавание, азартные игры Не нравится: Музыка Хобби: Быть Божеством Специальные навыки: Неизвестно Не нравится: Неизвестно Indonesian: Minat: Manajemen. Hobi: menggambar, Shodo Puisi, pedang, Kompas, payung Tidak suka: hujan dan tali Minat: Mobil, penemuan. Keahlian khusus: mesin pemeliharaan, boneka mekanik Tidak suka: eksplosif hal Hobi: perjalanan laut Berenang, berjudi Tidak suka: musik Minat: Menjadi Dewa Keahlian khusus: tidak diketahui Jangan suka: tidak diketahui Japanese: 利益：管理。 趣味：絵を描く、書道 特別なスキル：詩、剣、コンパス、傘 好きではない：雨とロープ 趣味：自動車、発明 特別なスキル:機械メンテナンス、機械人形 好きではない：爆発的なもの 趣味：海の旅 特別なスキル：水泳、ギャンブル 好きではない：音楽 趣味：神であること 特別なスキル:不明 好きではない：不明 Korean: 관심사:관리. 취미:그림 그리기,쇼도 특별 기술:시,칼,나침반,우산 좋아하지 않는다:비와 밧줄 취미:자동차,발명품 특별한 기술:기계 정비,기계적인 인형 좋아하지 마라:폭발적인 것들 취미:바다 여행 특별 기술:수영,도박 좋아하지 않는다:음악 취미:신성 특별한 기술:알 수 없음 좋아하지 않는다:알 수 없음 English: Interests: Management. Hobbies: drawing pictures, Shodo Special skills: Poems, swords, compass, umbrella Don't like: Rain and ropes Hobbies: Cars, inventions Special skills: machine Maintenance, mechanical doll Don't like: Explosive things Hobbies: Sea travel Special skills: Swimming, gambling Don't like: Music Hobby: Being A Deity Special skills: Unknown Don't like: Unknown

At Canada Post, we take great pride in telling Canada’s stories. Every year, we honour the accomplishments, the struggles and the people that define our history. We celebrate our heritage by painting small easels with the larger-than-life stories that make this country great. They’re called stamps and each one tells an incredible story. So how do we celebrate a momentous occasion like Canada’s 150th? With great enthusiasm, a lot of planning and many special friends. Canada Post will be celebrating the most significant events since our Centennial year. The incredible accomplishments of our first century paved the way for Canada to come of age. To spend the next 50 years establishing our own identity. To become a shining example to the rest of the world. So starting on April 27th, 10 incredible stamps will be unveiled at separate events across the country. Each one will recognize a moment or milestone in the last 50 years that helped shape the Canada we know today. Some will be obvious. Some will surprise you. Each one will make you proud to call this country home. Each one deserves a special unveiling and that’s what we’re planning. We have called on an impressive list of Canadians to help us celebrate these moments – including a musician, an architect, business leaders, community activists, athletes and even an astronaut. You’ll have to wait to see what’s on the stamps and who is helping us to unveil them. But I can share this – you’ll definitely recognize the shape. For the first time ever each stamp will be the shape of the maple leaf. A maple leaf 150 years in the making. The entire set will be unveiled by June 1. That’s the day they will be issued for sale across the country. So please keep coming back to this site as we unveil all 10 moments. Our stories. Our heritage. Our Canada. On behalf of all of us at Canada Post, Happy 150th Canada!

♪ (intro) ♪ ALGONQUIN COLLEGE (Ryan) I currently run two restaurants, so I'm the chef of both, and I help run and do the management of both. There's a lot of stuff that you might think that it'll be a little while till you use, but, right out of school, all of my costing programs and management aspects or just the food and lessons learned from the instructors and chefs that are here, I was able to apply them; right away I opened the restaurant six months after I graduated. Algonquin has a really good mix of chefs, they all offer a really big expanse of knowledge and a lot of them are connected through the industry. Ottawa's a big yet small enough industry, that getting to know a few of them even, you're really connected to things that are going on in the city. I come back and talk to the chefs all the time to see if I can get students out working for me, the practical, not only in the classroom but outside. I was able to work at 24 Sussex for a week and help with garden parties for the Prime Minister. The Kiwanis festivals in Orleans is where I met one of my current partners. It's a really well-rounded experience of every aspect of not only the cooking but being in the restaurant industry and running a business, if that's what you're interested in, and every little bit of it I've used over the last five years since I graduated. ♪ (music) ♪ ALGONQUIN COLLEGE

Dutch: Wanneer het leven voor Alan Clay moeilijk werd, had hij een nieuwe start nodig. En misschien vind je jezelf op zoek naar je grote auto! En misschien vind je jezelf zonder een groot huis, zonder een prachtige vrouw! En misschien vraag je jezelf: Hoe ben ik hier beland? Dus reist hij de halve wereld rond voor de deal van zijn leven. Je klinkt alsof je op de maan bent. Nee, ik ben in Saudi-Arabië. We stellen een drie-dimensioneel, holografisch vergadersysteem voor aan de koning. Excuseer, Ben jij de chauffeur? Chauffeur, gids, held... Van waar ben je? Boston. Vind je Chicago leuk? Niet in de winter. Nee, de band. [Chicago - You're The Inspiration] Waarom ga je naar KMET? Daar gebeurt er niets. Het is volle gas vooruit. Je zult wel zien! Nu moet hij leren De koning komt niet vandaag French: Quand la vie à pris de court Alan Clay, Il lui fallait un nouveau départ. Et tu peux te retrouver à chercher ta grosse voiture ! Et tu peux te trouver sans une magnifique maison. Sans une magnifique épouse ! Et tu peux te demander : "Comment en suis-je arrivé là ?" Alors il se met à voyager à travers le monde pour le contrat de sa vie. On dirait que tu es sur la lune. Non, je suis en Arabie Saoudite. On conçoit un système de visio-conférence holographique en 3D pour le Roi. Excusez-moi... Vous êtes le chauffeur ? Chauffeur, guide, héros... D'où venez-vous? De Boston. Vous aimez Chicago ? Pas en hiver. Mais non, le groupe ! (Chicago - You're the inspiration) Pourquoi allez-vous à KMET ? Il ne s'y passe rien. Mettons les voiles. (Rires) Voyez par vous même ! Désormais, Il a doit d'apprendre... Le Roi ne viendra pas aujourd'hui. Thai: เมื่อชีวิตโยนอเลน เคล์ยไปมาเหมือนลูกบอล เขาปราถนาการเริ่มต้นใหม่ และคุณก็อาจจะพบว่า ตัวเองมองหาเจ้ารถคันยักษ์ของคุณอยู่! และคุณก็อาจจะพบว่าตัวเองไม่มีบ้านสวยๆอีกแล้ว!! ไม่มีเมียสาวสวย!!! และคุณก็อาจจะถามตัวเองว่า.. "นี้ตูมาอยู่ที่นี้ได้ยังไง!!!" ดังนั้นเขาจึงเดินทางออกไปครึ่งโลก เพื่อการเดิมพันแห่งชีวิต นั้นฟังดูเหมือนแกอยู่บนดวงจันทร์เลยนะ... ไม่! ผมอยู่ที่ซาอุดีอาระเบีย เราถูกเหวี่ยงเข้าไปในการประชุมการเสนอเทคโนโลยีโฮโลแกรมให้กับพระราชา ขอโทษนะครับ คุณเป็นคนขับรถหรือ? คนขับรถ, ไกด์, ฮีโร่... คุณมาจากไหนหรือ? บอสตัน คุณชอบชิคาโกไหม ไม่ในฤดูหนาวน่ะนะ ไม่ วงดนตรีน่ะ [เพลงของ Chicago - You're The Inspiration] ทำไมคุณถึงไปที่ KMET ล่ะ ที่นั้นไม่เห็นมีอะไรสักหน่อย? มีเพียบเลยล่ะ (สำนวน:รีบๆไปเถอะ) [หัวเราะ] หวังว่าจะเจออะไรเด็ดๆนะ ตอนนี้ เขาต้องเรียนรู้ ราชาจะไม่ทรงเสด็จวันนี้ Arabic: تحتاج الى الانتعاش وتجد نفسك بدون بيتك الجميل وبدون زوجتك الرائعه وقد تسأل نفسك كيف احتفل وقد تجد نفسك دون ذلك تسافر فى منتصف الطريق حول العالم للحصول على صفقه العمر لا.انا اقصد المملكه العربيه السعوديه مع بدايه الأجتماعات حول نظام ثلاثيه الابعاد عن طريق سائق المالك من فضلك انت السائق ؟ سائق صديق مرحبا - من اين انت؟ - بستون - انت تحب شيكاغو؟ - ليست فى فصل الشتاء - لا عموما - الان هو بحاجه للتعلم Danish: Da livet kastede Alan Clay en kurvet bold Han havde brug for en frisk start. Og du kan måske finde dig selv på udkig efter din store bil! Og du finder måske dig selv uden et smukt hus, uden en smuk kone! Og du kan spørge dig selv: "Hvordan kom jeg hertil?" Så han rejser halvvejs rundt om jorden for en aftale for livstid. Du lyder som om du er på månen. Nej, jeg er i Saudi-Arabien. Vi pitcher et tredimensionelt, holografiske møde-system til kongen. Undskyld mig, Er du chaufføren? chaufføren, guiden, helten ... Hvor er du fra? Boston. kan du lide Chicago? Ikke om vinteren. Nej, bandet. [Chicago - Du er Inspiration] Hvorfor vil du KMET? Der sker ingenting der. Det er fuld fart frem [Griner] det får du at se selv! Nu har han brug for at lære Kongen vil ikke komme i dag Norwegian: Da livet gav Alan Clay en utfordring, trengte han en ny start. Og du leter kanskje etter en stor bil! Du har kanskje ikke drømmehuset, eller drømmekvinnen! Og kanskje du spør deg selv: Hvordan havnet jeg her? Så han reiser rundt kloden for sitt livs kupp. Høres ut som om du ringer fra månen. Nei, jeg er i Saudi Arabia. Vi lager et tredimensjonalt holografisk system til Kongen. Unnskyld meg, Er du sjåføren? Sjåfør, guide, helt.... Hvor er du fra? Boston. Liker du Chicago? Ikke på vinteren Nei, bandet! Spiller "Chicago - You're The Inspiration" Hvorfor drar du til KMET? Det skjer ikke noe der. Full fart fremover **Ler** se selv! Nå trenger han å lære Kongen vil ikke være til stede i dag Portuguese: Quando a vida de Alam Clay jogou uma bola curva, Ele precivasa de um novo recomeço. E você se pega procurando um carrão! E pode se ver sem uma linda casa, ou uma linda esposa! E você pode se perguntar: "Como eu cheguei aqui?" Então, ele está viajando ao redor do mundo para o negócio da sua vida. Parece que você está na lua. Não, eu estou na Arábia Saudita. Estamos lançando um sistema tridimensional, reunião holográfica com o rei. Com licença, Você é o motorista? Motorista, guia, herói ... De onde você é? Boston. Você gosta de Chicago? Não no inverno. Não, a banda. [Chicago - Você é a inspiração] Por que você vai KMET? Não há nada acontecendo lá. Está a todo vapor [Risos] Veja você mesmo! Agora ele precisa aprender O rei não virá hoje Spanish: Cuando la vida le lanzo una bola curva a Alan Clay, El necesitaba un nuevo comienzo. ¡Y te puedes encontrar buscando tu gran auto! Y te puedes encontrar sin una hermosa casa, ¡Sin una esposa hermosa! Y te puedes preguntar: "¿Como llegué aqui?" Así que viajó medio mundo Por el trato de su vida. Suenas como si estuvieras en la luna. No, estoy en Arabia Saudí. Estamos lanzando un sistema tridimensional de reunión holográfica para el Rey. Disculpa, Eres el conductor? Conductor, guía, héroe ... ¿De donde eres? Boston. ¿Te gusta Chicago? No en el invierno. No, la banda. [Chicago - You're The Inspiration] ¿Por qué vas a KMET? Nada pasa ahí. Está a toda máquina ¡Míralo tu mismo! Ahora él necesita aprender El Rey no va a venir hoy Serbian: Kada је život baciо Alanu Kleju krivu loptu, Bio mu je potreban novi početak. Kada se nađete u situaciji da tražite svoj veliki automobil! I nađete se bez lepe kuće, bez predivne žene! I zapitate se: "Kako sam dospeo dovde?" Tako da putuje na drugu stranu sveta zbog životne šanse. Zvučiš kao da si na mesecu. Ne, u Saudijskoj Arabiji sam. Predlažemo kralju 3D holografski sistem za sastanke. Izvinite. Da li ste vi vozač? Šofer, vodič, heroj... Odakle si? Boston. Da li ti se dopada Čikago? Ne zimi. Ne, nego bend. (Čikago - Ti si inspiracija) Zašto ideš u Kraljev ekonomski grad (KMET)? Tamo se ništa ne dešava. Idem punom parom napred. Sam ćeš videti! Sada mora da nauči... Kralj ne dolazi danas. Hungarian: Amikor Alan Clay befuccsolt Egy új kezdetre volt szüksége. És keresheted a nagy autódat És a gyönyörű házad nélkül találhatod magad Gyönyörű feleség nélkül És megkérdezheted magadtól: Hogy jutottam idáig? Így hát megkerülte a fél világot élete üzletéért Olyan a hangod mintha a holdról beszélnél. Nem, Szaud Arábiában vagyok Három dimenziós holografikus tárgyalási rendszert ajánlunk a királynak Elnézést Ön a sofőr? Sofőr, kísérő, hős... Honnan jött? Boston. Szereti Chicagót? Télen nem igazán. Nem a várost, az együttest. (Chicago - Te vagy az inspiráció) Miért megy a KMET-be? Ott semmi sem történik. Teljes gőzzel megy előre (Nevetve) Nézze meg magának! Most tanulnia kell A király nem jön ma English: When life threw Alan Clay a curve ball, He needed a fresh start. And you may find yourself looking for your large automobile! And you may find yourself without a beautiful house, without a beautiful wife! And you may ask yourself: "How did I get here?" So he's travelling halfway around the world for the deal of a lifetime. You sound like you're on the moon. No, I'm in Saudi Arabia. We're pitching a three dimensional, holographic meeting system to the King. Excuse me, You the driver? Driver, guide, hero... Where are you from? Boston. You like Chicago? Not in the winter. No, the band. [Chicago - You're The Inspiration] Why you going to KMET? There's nothing happening there. It's full steam ahead [Laughing] See for yourself! Now he needs to learn The King won't be coming today Turkish: Hayat Alan Clay'a yuvarlak bir top verdiğinde. Yeni bir başlangıca ihtiyacı vardı Ve kendini bir anda kocaman arabanı ararken bulabilirsin Veya kendini bir anda evsiz bulabilirsin. Güzel karın olmadan. Ve kendine şunu sorabilirsin: 'Buraya nasıl geldim?' Ve o Dünya'nın diğer ucuna- Hayat boyu bir anlaşma için seyahat ediyor. Ay'da gibisin. Hayır, Suudi Arabistandayım Kral için üç boyutlu holografik toplantı sistemi kuruyoruz. Özür Dilerim Şöför sen misin? Şöför,rehber,kurtarıcı. Nerelisin? Boston Chicago'yu severmisin? Kışın sevmem. Hayır gruptan bahsediyorum. [Chicago - You're The Inspiration] Kmet'e neden gitmek istiyorsun?orada birşey yok ki. Herşeyin orada olduğunu duydum Kendin gör o zaman Öğrenmesi gereken birşey vardı. Kral bu gün gelemiyecek. Czech: Když život ukázal Alenu Clayovi stinnou stránku, chtěl začít znovu. Možná vám chybí velké auto. Možná vám chybí velký dům. Nádherná žena. Možná se ptáte sami sebe: Jak se to stalo?! Cestuje půl světa, aby uzavřel životní obchod. Zní to jako, že si vycestoval. Jedu do Saudské Arábie. Snažím se prodat králi holografický meetingový systém. Promiňte? Vy jste řidič? Řidič, průvodce… Všechno! – Odkud jste? – Z Bostonu. – Máte rád Chicago? – V zimě ne. Myslím tu skupinu. Proč tam jedete? Nic tam není. – Rychle se to tam rozvíjí. – Uvidíte sám. Teď se musí naučit, Král se dnes možná dostaví. Italian: Quando la vita sorprese Alan Clay, decise di cominciare tutto daccapo. E puoi trovarti a cercare la tua bella macchina! E puoi trovarti senza la tua bella casa, o la tua bella moglie! E potresti chiederti: "Come sono arrivato a questo punto?" Per questo ora sta viaggiando intorno a mezzo mondo per l'affare delle sua vita. Sembra che tu sia sulla luna. No, Sono in Arabia Saudita. Presenteremo un sistema di conferenza olografico a 3D al Re. Mi scusi, Sei l'autista? Autista, guida, eroe... Di dove sei? Boston. Ti piace Chicago? Non in inverno. No, il gruppo. [Chicago - You're The Inspiration] Perché stai andando a KMET? Non succede nulla lì. E 'avanti a tutto vapore [Ride] Vedere per credere! Ora ha bisogno di imparare Il Re non arriverà oggi Spanish: Aquí es donde estamos ahora. Una forma diferente de hacer negocios Ciudad industrial, Centro de negocios, Universidad... ¡A todo máquina! Y una forma diferente de hacer amigos ¿Te reuniste con él? No, pero me reuní con su socio. ¿Trabajas para la CIA o algo? Sólo un poco de trabajo independiente. A la gente no le gusta bromas como esa. Lo supe tan pronto lo dije. Llámame justo después de la reunión. Ok Ayer algo estaba pasando ahí. Sí, eso es donde se hacen las ejecuciones. ¿Quieres regresar y ver que está pasando ahora? No. Nooo! Alan, ¿Dónde estás? ¿Por qué no estás ahí? ¿Sr. Clay? ¿Qué me pasó? Un ataque de ansiedad. Estará bien. Gracias. Esta primavera... Esto te tiene realmente preocupado, ¿eh? He perdido el rumbo, creo. Creo que necesito volver a verte. ¡Hay mucho en juego con una mujer como ella! ¿Qué piensas de esto? ¿Tu y yo? ¿El gran choque cultural? English: Here's where we are right now. A different way of doing business Industrial City, Business Center, University... Full steam ahead! And a different way of making friends Did you meet the guy? No, but I met his associate. You work for CIA or something? Just a little freelancer work. [Shouting] People don't like jokes like that. I knew it as soon as I said it. Call me first thing after that meeting. Ok- There was something going on there yesterday. Yeah, that's where they do the executions. You want to go back and check out what's going on now? No. Nooo! Alan, where are you? Why are you not out there? [Sharp gasp] Mr. Clay? What happened to me? An anxiety attack. You'll be okay. Thank you. This Spring... This has you really worried, huh? I've lost direction, I think. I think I need to see you again. There's a lot at stake for a woman like her! What do you make of this? You and me? The big culture clash? French: Voilà où nous sommes. ...Une autre façon de faire des affaires. Une ville industrielle, un centre d'affaires L' Université Mettons les voiles ! Et une autre façon de se faire des amis. Avez-vous rencontré le type? Non, pas lui mais son associé. Vous travaillez pour la CIA ou quelque chose dans le genre ? Un peu à mon compte. (en criant) Les gens n'aiment pas ce genre de plaisanterie. J'ai su dés que je l'ai dit. Appelle moi dés la fin du meeting. Trés bi... Il se passait des choses là hier. C'est là qu'on fait les exécutions. Voulez-vous qu'on y retourne pour voir ce qu'il y en ce moment? Non. NON ! Alan, où êtes-vous? Pourquoi vous n'êtes pas là ? [bruit de respiration] Monsieur Clay ? Que m'est-il arrivé ? Une crise d'angoisse. Ca va passer. Merci. Ce printemps... Cela vous inquiète beaucoup, n'est-ce pas ? J'ai perdu mon chemin, je crois. Il faut que je vous revoie. Il y a beaucoup en jeu pour une femme comme elle! Qu'est-ce que vous pensez de tout ça? Vous et moi ? Le grand choc culturel ? Norwegian: Her er vi akkurat nå. En anderledes måte å gjøre forretninger på Industriområde, Forretningssenter, Universitet... Full fart framover! En anderledes måte å få venner på Møtte du fyren? Nei, men jeg møtte medarbeideren hans. Jobber du for CIA, eller? Bare litt freelancing. Roper.. Folk liker ikke slike vitser. Det skjønte jeg med en gang jeg sa det. Ring meg rett etter det møtet. ok- Noe foregikk der i går. Ja, det er der henrettelsene foregår. Vil du dra tilbake for å se hva som skjer nå? Nei.. Neeeeei! Alan, hvor er du? Hvorfor er du ikke der ute? [Gisper] Herr Clay? Hva skjedde? Et angstanfall, det kommer til å gå fint. Takk. Denne våren... Du ble skikkelig bekymra, du? Tror jeg mistet mål og mening. Jeg tror jeg ønsker å se deg igjen. Det er mye på spill for ei dame som henne! Hva fikk du ut av det? Du og meg? Om kulturkrasjen? Thai: ที่นี้ คือที่ที่เราอยู่ตอนนี้ หลากหลายวิธีในการทำธุรกิจ เมืองแห่งอุตสาหกรรม ศูนย์กลางธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัย... มีเพียบเลยย! (สำนวน) และหลากหลายวิธีในการสร้างมิตรภาพ คุณได้พบเขารึเปล่า? ไม่ แต่ฉันพบหุ้นส่วนของเขา นี้คุณทำงานให้ CIA อะไรพวกนี้ใช่ไหม? ก็แค่พนักงานฟรีแลนด์ตัวน้อยเอง [ตะโกน] พวกเขาไม่ค่อยชอบมุขแบบนี้น่ะ ตูรู้ทันทีที่ตูพูดจบเลย โทรหาฉันอย่างแรกทันทีที่ประชุมเสร็จ โอเค- มีอะไรบางอย่างเกิดขึ้นที่นี้เมื่อวาน ใช่แล้ว นั้นที่คือที่ที่เขาประหารกันล่ะ คุณอยากจะกลับไปเช็คดูไหมล่ะว่ามีอะไรเกิดขึ้นบ้าง ไม่ ม่ายยย!!! อเลน คุณอยู่ไหน? ทำไมคุณไม่อยู่ที่นั้น [เสียงถอนใจ] คุณเคล์ย? เกิดอะไรขึ้นกับผม? ความเครียดเข้าโจมตี แต่เดี๋ยวคุณก็ดีขึ้นเอง ขอบคุณ ใบไม้ผลิปีนี้... นี้คุณกังวลอะไรรึเปล่า? ผมคิดว่าผมหลงทาง ฉันว่าฉันต้องเจอคุณอีกครั้ง มันเสี่ยงเกินไปสำหรับผู้หญิงอย่างเธอ แล้วคุณคิดยังไง? คุณกับฉัน? และวัฒนธรรมของพวกเราน่ะหรือ? Hungarian: Most pontosan itt vagyunk Az üzlet itt másképp működik Az ipari városrész Kereskedelmi központ Egyetem... Teljes gőzzel megy előre! És másképpen találni barátokra Találkoztál az emberrel? Nem, de találkoztam a társával. Maga a CIA-nek vagy valami hasonlónak dolgozik? Csak egy kis szabadúszó munka (Kiabálva) Az emberek nem szeretik az ilyen viccet Mihelyt kimondtam, tudtam A találkozó után azonnal hívj fel Rendben- Valami történt itt tegnap Aha, ott történnek a kivégzések Oda akarsz menni most, hogy megnézd mi történik? Nem Neeem Alan, hol vagy? Miért nem ott kint? (Éles sóhaj) Clay úr? Mi történt velem? Pánikroham. Rendbe fog jönni. Köszönöm szépen Most tavasszal Ez tényleg aggódásra kényszerített, ugye? Azt hiszem, kicsit eltévedtem Azt hiszem, újra látnom kell téged Egy ilyen nőnek mint ő sok a kockáztatni valója Mit gondolsz erről? Te és én? A nagy kulturális összeütközés? Danish: Her er, hvor vi er lige nu. En anden måde at drive forretning på Industriel by, Forretningscenter, Universitet... Fuld fart frem! Og en anden måde at lave venner Mødte du fyren? Nej, men jeg mødte hans partner. Arbejder du for CIA, eller noget? Bare en lille freelancer. [Råber] Folk kan ikke lide den slags vittigheder. Jeg vidste det, så snart jeg sagde det. Ring til mig som det første efter det møde. Okay Der foregik noget der i går. Ja, det er der, de gør henrettelserne. Ønsker du at gå tilbage, og se hvad der sker nu? Nej. Nej! Alan, hvor er du? Hvorfor er du ikke derude? [Gisper] Mr. Clay? Hvad skete der med mig? En angst angreb. Du vil være okay. Tak. Dette forår ... Det her gør dig virkelig bekymret, hva? Jeg har mistet retning, tror jeg. Jeg tror, ​​jeg har brug for at se dig igen. Der er meget på spil for en kvinde som hende! Hvad mener du om dette? Dig og mig? Den store kultursammenstød? Serbian: Ovde se trenutno nalazimo. ... drugačiji način poslovanja. Industrijski grad. Poslovni centar. Fakultet. Punom parom napred! I drugačiji način sticanja prijatelja. Da li si upoznao čoveka? Ne, ali sam upoznao njegovog asistenta. Radiš za CIA ili nešto slično? Samo poslove sa strane. (Galama) Ljudi ne vole takve šale. Znao sam čim sam to izgovorio. Nazovi me odmah nakon tog sastanka. Važi. Tamo se nešto dešavalo juče. Da, tamo se održavaju pogubljenja. Želiš li da se vratiš i proveriš šta se sada tamo dešava? Ne. Ne! Alane, gde si? Zašto nisi tamo? (Uzdah) Gospodine Klej? Šta mi se desilo? Imali ste napad panike. Bićete dobro. Hvala Vam. Ovog proleća... Ovo te baš brine, zar ne? Mislim da sam izgubio pravac. Mislim da te moram videti ponovo. Mnogo je na kocki za ženu kao što je ona! Kako se tebi čini ovo? Ti i ja? Velika kulturalna razlika? Portuguese: Aqui é onde estamos agora. Uma maneira diferente de fazer negócios Cidade Industrial, Centro de negócios, Universidade... A todo vapor! E uma maneira diferente de fazer amigos Você conheceu o cara? Não, mas eu conheci seu associado. Você trabalha para CIA ou algo assim? Apenas um pouco de trabalho freelancer. [Gritando] As pessoas não gostam de piadas como essa. Eu sabia que, logo que eu disse isso. Me liga logo depois dessa reunião. Está bem- Tinha algo rolando lá ontem. Sim, é lá onde eles fazem as execuções. Você quer voltar e verificar o que está acontecendo agora? Não. Nããão! Alan, onde está você? Por que você não está lá fora? [Suspiro Nítido] Senhor Clay? O que aconteceu comigo? Um ataque de ansiedade. Você ficará bem. Obrigado. Esta Primavera... Isso tem te preocupado, né? Perdi o sentido, eu acho. Eu acho que preciso vê-lo novamente. Há muita coisa em jogo para uma mulher como ela! O que você fez disso? Você e eu? Um grande choque cultural? Italian: Ecco dove ci troviamo in questo momento. Un modo diverso di fare business Città industriale, Business center, Università... Avanti a tutto vapore! E un modo diverso di fare amicizia Hai incontrato il ragazzo? No, ma ho incontrato il suo socio. Lavori per la CIA o qualcosa del genere? Solo un po 'di lavoro autonomo. [Urlano] Alla gente non piacciono battute del genere. L'ho capito appena l'ho detta. Per prima cosa chiamami dopo quell'incontro. Ok- Qualcosa è successo lì ieri. Sì, là è dove fanno le esecuzioni. Vuole tornare indietro e verificare che cosa sta succedendo ora? No. Nooo! Alan, dove sei? Perché non sei là fuori? [Sussulto] Signor Clay? Che cosa mi è successo? Un attacco di ansia. Starai bene. Grazie. Questa primavera... Questo ti preoccupa davvero , eh? Ho perso la direzione, credo. Penso di aver bisogno di vederti di nuovo. C'è molto in gioco per una donna come lei! Cosa ne fai di questo? Me e te? Il grande scontro culturale? Czech: Právě teď jsme tady. jak se dá obchodovat jinak Průmyslová čtvrť, obchodní čtvrť, univerzita. „Rychle se to rozvíjí!“ a jak si jinak najít přátele. Setkal ses s ním? Ne, ale s jeho společníkem. Nejste náhodou ze CIA? Takhle chodíte doma nebo v práci? – Lidi nemají pro tuhle práci pochopení. – Hned jsem si všiml. PODLE BESTSELLERU DAVEA EGGERSE – Zavolej mi hned, až se setkáte. – Dobře. Včera se tu něco konalo. Jo, popravuje se tam. Můžeme se tam zastavit. Ne! Ne! Alene, kde jsi? Proč nejsi na místě? Pane Clayi? Co se mi stalo? Panický záchvat. Budete v pořádku. Díky. Na jaře… Vypadá to, že máte starosti. Myslím, že jsem se ztratil. Myslím, že vás chtějí znovu vidět. Ta žena hodně riskuje. – Co si o tom myslíte? – Ty a já? O našem kulturním střetu? Dutch: Hier is waar we nu zijn. Een andere manier om zaken te doen. Industriële stad, Business Centrum, Universiteit... Volle gas vooruit! En een andere manier om vrienden te maken Heb je de kerel ontmoet? Nee, maar heb ik zijn compagnon ontmoet. Werk je voor de CIA of zo? Gewoon wat freelance werk [geroep] Mensen vinden zulke grapjes niet leuk. Ik wist het toen ik het zei. Bel me vlak na de meeting. Ok- Daar gebeurde iets gisteren. Ja, dat is waar ze de executies doen. Wil je terug gaan en kijken wat er daar nu gebeurt? Nee. Neee! Alan, waar ben je? Waarom ben je daar niet? Mr. Clay? Wat is er gebeurd met me? Een paniekaanval. Het komt wel goed. Dank u. Deze herfst... Je bent hier heel bezorgd om, hu? Ik ben de weg kwijt, denk ik. Ik denk dat ik je opnieuw moet zien. Er staat veel op het spel voor een vrouw als zij! Wat denk je hiervan? Jij en ik? De grote cultuur clash? Arabic: لن تأتى اليوم هذا ما نحن عليه الان . - هناك طريقه مختلفه للقيام بهذه الأعمال - نريد هناك - مركز تجارى وجامعة - لتمضى قدماََ - وطريقه مختلفه لتكوين صداقات - مثل هذا الرجل تماما -انت تعمل لدى الاستخبارات المركزيه ام العمليات الخاصه - اعلم انه بمجرد ان قلت هذا - اول شئ تأتى بعد ذلك الأجتماع - حسنا توم هانكس - كان هناك شئ يحدث أمس - نعم حدث انفجار انت رائع - تريد العوده والتحقق -لا لا - اين انت؟ - ولما انت ليس هنا بالخارج - سيد"كيلاى" - ماذا حدث لى - سوف تكون بخير - شكراََ لك - يقول انه حقا قلق ها - لقد فقدت الاتجاه - اعتقد - انه بحاجه إلى ان يراكم مجددا - ماذا تعتقدين فى هذه السنه - قد تلتقى باشتباك ثقافى كبير Turkish: Bulunduğumuz yer şuan burası. İş yapmanın değişik bir yolu. Sanayi Şehri İş Merkezi. Üniverisite. Herşey buradaaa Ve Arkadaşlık kurmanın değişik bir yolu. Adamla tanıştın mı? Hayır ama ortağı ile tanıştım. CIA için falan mı çalışıyorsun? Serbest meslek ebabı olarak biraz çalışmıştım. [Bağırışma] Buradakiler böyle şakaları sevmez. Yaptığım anda anlamıştım. Görüşme sonrası hemen beni ara tamam Dün burada birşeyler oluyordu. Evet,infaz yaptıkları yer orası. Geri dönüp neler yaptıklarını görmek istermisin? Hayır Hayırrr Alan neredesin? neden işin başında değilsin? [Keskin nefessizlik] Bay Clay? Ne oldu bana? Küçük bir sinir krizi.İyi olacaksınız. Teşekkürler Bu ilkbahar... Bu seni çok endişelendirdi değil mi ? Yolumu kaybettim, sanırım. Sanırım seni tekrar görmem gerek. Böyle kadınlar için tehlikeli şeyler bunlar. Sence bununla ne yapabiliriz? Sen ve ben? Büyük bir kültür çakışması? Arabic: - ونحن تفصل بيننا اروع الدول - فى بعض الاحيان تحتاج الى تغيير الحدث - تغيير حياتك - انها منطقه مجهوله بصحرائها وجمالها وخيامها - انت مستعد - انا مستعد - عرض - على غير المتوقع French: Le fil qui nous sépare est très mince. C'est mon point de vue. C'est ainsi. Parfois il faut changer le décor... ...afin de changer sa vie. C'est une nouvelle ville. Un terrain vierge. Avec un désert ! Et des chameaux ! Et des tentes! Tu est prêt ? Je suis prêt. Que le spectacle commence ! Attendez vous à de l'inattendu. Danish: Vi er adskilt af den tyndeste filament. Nå det er den måde, jeg tror. Det er bare sådan det er. Nogle gange er du nødt til at ændre din natur ... Hvis du vil ændre dit liv. Det er en helt ny by, Det er ukendt territorium. Med ørkenerne! Og kamelerne! Og teltene! Er du klar? Jeg er klar. Show time! Forvent det uventede. Portuguese: Nós somos separados por um finíssimo filamento. Bem, essa é a jeito que eu penso. Esse é a jeito que é. Às vezes, você tem que mudar seu cenário ... Para mudar a sua vida. É uma cidade novinha, É um território desconhecido. Com os desertos! E os camelos! E as tendas! Você está pronto? Estou pronto. Hora de começar! Espere o inesperado. Dutch: We worden gescheiden door de dunste filament. Wel, dat is de manier waarop ik denk. Dat is de manier waarop het is. Soms moet je je omgeving veranderen... Om je leven te veranderen. Het is een gloednieuwe stad. Het is onbekend terrein. Met de woestijnen! En de kamelen! En de tenten! Klaar? Ik ben klaar. Show time! Verwacht het onverwachte. Hungarian: Egy leheletvékony szál választott el minket Nos én így gondolkodom Ez így van Néha meg kell változtatnod a környezeted... Hogy megváltoztasd az életed Ez egy vadonatúj város egy felfedezetlen terület A sivatagokkal! És a tevékkel! És a sátrak! Kész vagy? Kész vagyok Kezdjük! Számíts a váratlanra English: We are separated by the thinnest filament. Well that's the way I think. That's the way it is. Sometimes, you have to change your scenery... To change your life. It's a brand new city, It's uncharted territory. With the deserts! And the camels! And the tents! You ready? I'm ready. Show time! Expect the unexpected. Norwegian: Vi er separert av den tynneste tråd. Det er nå hva jeg tror. Sånn er det bare. Noen ganger må du flytte... for å forandre livet ditt. Det er en aldeles ny by, Upløyd mark. Med ørkenen! Kamelene! Og teltene! Er du klar? Jeg er klar! Showtime! Forvent det du ikke forventet. Serbian: Razdvojeni smo najtanjom niti. Pa, tako ja mislim. Tako je kako je. Ponekad, morate promeniti svoje okruženje... ... da bi ste promenili svoj život. Ovo je potpuno novi grad. Ovo je neistražena teritorija. Sa pustinjom! I kamilama! I šatorima! Jesi li spreman? Spreman sam. Vreme je za šou! Očekujte neočekivano. Thai: มันมีเส้นบางๆกั้นเราอยู่ นั้นแหล่ะที่ผมคิด ก็นั้นแหล่ะที่มันเป็น บางครั้งคุณก็ต้องเปลี่ยนทัศนียภาพของตัวเองบ้าง เพื่อเปลี่ยนชีวิตคุณ นี้คือเมืองแห่งใหม่ รัฐที่ยังถูกไม่สำรวจ กับทะเลทราย , อูฐ และเต็นท์! คุณพร้อมไหม? ผมพร้อม ได้เวลาแล้ว! จงคาดหวังความไม่คาดหวัง Italian: Ci siamo separati dal filamento sottile. Beh, questo è il mio modo di pensare. È così che va. A volte, è necessario modificare il tuo scenario ... Per cambiare la tua vita. E 'una città nuova di zecca, E 'un territorio inesplorato. Con i deserti! E i cammelli! E le tende! Sei pronto? Sono pronto. E l'ora dello spettacolo! Aspettatevi l'inaspettato. Czech: Nemůžeme k sobě mít dál. – To si myslíte vy. – Tak to je. Někdy musíte změnit prostředí, aby se vám změnil život. Zbrusu nové město. Nezmapovaná oblast. Je tu poušť, velbloudi a stany. – Připraven? – Připraven. Začínáme. Čekejte nečekané. Překlad: L_O_U_S D - Editováno Pavel T Spanish: Estamos separados por el más delgado filamento. Bueno, así es como pienso. Así es como es. A veces, tienes que cambiar el paisaje ... Para cambiar tu vida. Es una ciudad nueva, Es un territorio desconocido. ¡Con el desierto! ¡Y los camellos! ¡Y las tiendas de campaña! ¿Estás listo? Estoy listo. ¡Que empiece la función! Espera lo inesperado. Turkish: En ince çizgilere kadar ayrılmışız. Bende öyle düşünmüştüm Doğrusuda bu zaten Bazen bakış açını değiştirmen gerekir. Hayatını değiştirmek için. Burası yeni bir şehir. Keşfedilmemiş bir bölge Çöller,develer ve çadırlarla! Hazır mısın? Hazırım Şov zamanı! Beklenmeyeni bekle.

Aquí me pongo a cantar al compás de la vigüela que al hombre que lo desvela una pena extraordinaria como a un ave solitaria con el cantar se consuela La picazón ardiente de un corazón gasta'o coquetea con la maldad se niega del pasado nos arrastra al sufrir Igual yo le hago frente con un violín sachero mi arma, mi aliento, querido compañero que derrumba tiranía Prisionero, de tu frío corazón, vidai Ando libre por la sierra de alto monte vai Naides me diga dónde tengo que parar Los dueños de este mundo bichitos caprichosos acechan cómo lobos se aprovechan de nosotros por su codicia del poder. Es triste su camino con alma desquiciada cae sobre su propia espada termina en la nada enajena'os de la verdad Prisionero de tu frío corazón vidai ando libre, por la sierra de alto monte vai Naides me diga dónde tengo que parar

what would you do after a publisher rejects your novel for being too disturbing well if you're Chuck panic you would write something even more disturbing and submit it while working a Freightliner a truck company as a diesel mechanic Palomeque regularly carried a notepad with him while he worked in additions to details about fixing vehicles the book contains snippets of panics first published novel Fight Club Fight Club placed a mirror in front of the concept of masculinity in the 1990s where males instead of being sent off to war and take up arms in defense of something worth fighting for were encouraged to take on cushy jobs and embrace commercialism with nothing motivating men to step out of their comfort zone they became caged animals tamed but still with feral instincts palnick story acknowledges the men's movement and how every man is vowing forces from two sides one to abide by societal rules and one to break it yet without the adaptation the story of Fight Club and the influence it would have on young men of that generation wouldn't have materialized today we'll explore the story of Fight Club and how it went from Chuck Palahniuk debut novel into the cult classic it is today and how it continues to stay relevant after 20 years let's talk about Fight Club palnick began writing fiction in his early 30s after attending workshops led by American writer Tom Spann Bauer it all began as an attempt to meet new friends but he ended up getting inspired by the fiction form and spend our encouraged him to perfect his minimalistic writing style Tom's been bauer describes his teaching style as dangerous writing saying on his website description I must listen for the heartbreak the rage the shame the fear that is hidden within the words then I must respect where each individual student is in relation to his or her broken heart and act accordingly when my relationship with a student is solid and when the student has a strong foothold in his or her writing I bring out my jungle red fingernails play the devil's advocate be the bad cop the irreverent fool whatever it takes to teach perseverance self trust and discipline with that palnick pursued his craft head-on and while holding a job where he found time to write during work at the laundromat at the gym and while waiting for his 1985 Toyota pickup truck at the shop invisible monster originally titled manifesto was the first novel palnick tried to get published years before Fight Club it was shot down because the publishers didn't have an appetite for a story about a disfigured model with multiple identities powered by indignant persistence pal next set off to write a novel even further from the norm during a camping trip Pollock was involved in an altercation that left him bruised and swollen upon returning to work he realized that none of his co-workers acknowledged his visible injuries or showed any interest in his personal life that indifference from others was a spark for Fight Club with the journalism background palnick claims that all his stories begin with the truth and through his boredom he infuses it with his imagination Mike clubs project Manhattan is loosely based on the cacophony Society where members are self designated and gatherings are ran pitched and sponsored these events usually involve costumes and pranks as well as venturing into areas that are restricted palnick is a member and was a victim of a prank once when the members of the cacophony Society showed up during one of his readings in San Francisco in 1995 Fight Club a seven page short story was published in a compilation entitled pursuit of happiness these seven pages ended up being chapter six in the full-length novel excited by the proposition of finally being a published author palnick sold Fight Club to publisher W Norton for $6,000 on August 17 1996 Fight Club was published it was a positive reception and one ponic the 1997 Pacific Northwest bookseller Association award and the Oregon Book Award for Best novel critics praised panic for his unique writing style caustic outrageous funny violent and unsettling however many found issues in the novel's heteronormative themes and the violent aspects of the plot yet even with the publicity the hard covers for Fight Club didn't perform greatly in sales with only 5,000 copies sold in the re-release of Fight Club in 1999 and 2004 palnick says that all he did was update The Great Gatsby he describes the two story as being apostolic fiction we're surviving apostle tells the story of his hero in both tails there are two male characters and one female and in the end the hero dies even though the book didn't make it onto any top sellers list at the start a copy of the novel made it to movie producers Ross Grayson Bell and Joshua Donnan Bell remember reading the novel and getting to the twist in the story which caused him to reassess everything he just read he stayed up all night too excited to sleep he was about to produce his first feature film but to affirm what he felt about Fight Club he hired a group of actors to read the book out restructuring it and cutting out the excess in the novel that couldn't be presented in a film Bell recorded the reading and shared it with 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin who produced such films as pretty woman what about Bob and as good as it gets during a drive to Santa Barbara this can listen to the recording that Belle shared as the current executive of the mid budget division of 20th Century Fox siskins saw potential in the story of Fight Club she herself was insertive how to approach it but she was confident that Belle was the one to lead it and hired him as the producer the film rights were Fight Club was optioned for ten thousand dollars and the adaptation process was on its way Belfer sent the novel to up-and-coming director David O'Russell who was looking for his next project after releasing flirting with disaster in 1996 unfortunately or fortunately Russell didn't understand what the story was about and declined the offer later Russell will admit that he obviously didn't do a good job reading it the manuscript made its way around town and got rejected from directors such as Peter Jackson who directed the frighteners Bryan Singer who directed the usual suspects and Danny Boyle who directed strain spotting because of this lack of interest the manuscript got a bad reputation David Fincher on the other hand was attracted to the story at once coming off projects such as seven and the game Fincher was establishing himself as a director who can apply a unique visual style to a story with an edgy theme while his movies to this point were hits and misses 7 a hit the game a miss he had come a long way from his days of directing music videos some notable ones including Rolling Stones Madonna and Aerosmith Fight Club attracted Fincher for many reasons but it was the relatability it's a politics story that really moved him Fincher himself was a man in his late 30s and he recognized the same anger evoked in the novel where certain breed of men were unable to evolve at the speed Society required them to nevertheless there was some hesitation for Fincher to sign on with 20th Century Fox in 1990 a lien 3 was in pre-production and things were not going well for franchise producer David giler and Walter Hill and director Vincent Ward due to creative differences Ward would end up being fired and alien 3 a movie with the 56 million dollar budget and an unfinished script was now without a director in comes 28 year old David Fincher to save the blockbuster movie killer and he'll found Fincher through his music video credits specifically Madonna's express herself and Aerosmith Janie's got a gun and hired him for his feature directorial debut yet it wasn't so much saving the movie for Fincher as it was surviving it with no history as a movie director to back up his experience on the set he became a puppet for the production company even as an avid fan of the original alien directed by Ridley Scott and even having a cohesive story that linked everything together the studio refused to budge and alien 3 became a piece of cinema devoid of key decisions from the director Fincher was not proud of the result and he was not happy with his experience working with 20th Century Fox it took Fincher three years to recover and at many points he felt as though his career as a feature film director was over however 20th century opened the door to venture when he came knocking about Fight Club Fincher saw the movie heading in two directions and gave the studio's the options 1 Fight Club could be a low-budget straight to videotape movie or 2 it could be one with a big budget and big stars obviously he had very little interest in making a low-budget movie but since alien 3 he had learned a few tricks and used it to negotiate the studio didn't buy it at once but weren't read enough to give Fincher a chance screenwriter Jim Ulis had been working on adapting the story of Fight Club from the beginning he received the manuscript about the same time Fincher did from some he knew who worked for a production company he was told that every studio in Hollywood had already passed on it ulis was blown away by the story and even though he felt it could never be made into a movie he thought it would be a great achievement to be paid to adapt it so he began to write the story was deemed unadaptable by many as the novel was essentially a long monologue where ulis made a difference was building the scenes around those key moments inside the narrator's head slowly ulis began to gain some interests around 20th Century Fox but what sealed it was his attendance at a large lunch meeting with the executives and David Fincher Ulis sat himself strategically next to Fincher who was somewhere between an acquaintance and a friend it was there during the lunch meeting where the two talked about Fight Club and the obstacles of making it into a film but it was more than a conversation and ulis knew it he was there to pitch himself much like how Fight Club was Chuck Palahniuk first credit as a novelist the adaptation was Jim Ulis first credit as a screenwriter during the late 90s voiceovers have gone a reputation as being a trite and uninspired technique to deliver exposition in a movie and many Studios wanted to avoid it however Fincher recognized the story hinged on the internal dialogue of the narrator without it it would be a depressing story and that was not what he was going for it took Ulis and Fincher seven months to complete the script and still it required help from director Cameron Crowe and screenwriter Andrew Kevin Walker during the casting process producer Ross Bell had Russell Crowe in mind for the role of Tyler Durden but it was producer art linson that began conversation with Brad Pitt having already worked with Fincher in seven and the studio's desire to add a bankable star as a lead Pitt signed on hoping to wash the dismal failure of meet Joe black away there were a lot of options on the market for someone to play the unnamed narrator Sean Penn and Matt Damon were top contenders but it was Edward Norton that won the row with his aligned vision with Fincher both Fincher and Norton saw the film as a satire it was not an action movie it was a comedy and Fincher knew that norm could give the type of wink wink comedic performance required having seen him in this previous role in the People vs Larry Flynt once cast the two leading men took lessons in various martial arts including boxing Taekwondo and grappling Fincher wanted to cast comedian Janeane Garofalo as the role of Marla singer but she declined due to the sexual aspects of the film Courtney Love Winona Ryder and we swear the spoon were up for consideration as well but in the end Fincher went with Helena bonham-carter because of her role in the 1997 romantic comedy the wing of the Dove in a hundred and thirty-eight days filming was completed but not without hiccups the movie was budgeted for twenty three million dollars and ended up costing sixty three million dollars there were threats made by the executives from the partnering studio New Regency for Fincher to reduce the costs but he refused it was only when the executive saw the dailies during a three week span that they were convinced that it was money were spending it took over 1,500 rolls of film three times more than the Hollywood averaged to capture principal photography David Fincher affirmed his reputation as a director who liked to shoot many takes while the movie was shot predominantly in California there ended up being over 200 locations in addition to over 70 sets for a movie with only 300 scenes that was a lot Fincher didn't enjoy this aspect of the process and remedied it in his next movie panic room in 2002 which was shot predominantly in one location there were disagreements on many fronts on how to properly market Fight Club the studio first wanted to market it as an art film geared towards a male audience because of its violence when you have Brad Pitt as a star it's hard to not push him to the front of all your publicity materials however Fincher resisted against that instead he decided to film to fake public service announcement presented by the two lead characters the studios were not thrilled with that creative stint and instead spent twenty million dollars to create materials that highlighted the movies fight scenes and buying ad time during viewing events dominated by the male demographic such as WWE the job of promoting the film was no easier for the actors as Brad Pitt and Edward Norton did their circuit they discovered the difficulty of explaining the movie without giving away the key parts none of the marketing efforts properly communicated what Fight Club was and most who initially went to see it in theaters expected to see a film about fighting on April 20th 1999 to students at Collin Baha'i enter their school and murdered 12 people before turning the guns on themselves the incident rippled through the entertainment industry and the studio claiming it wanted to avoid competing with the summer blockbusters pushed the release of the film from July to October 15 1999 Fight Club bombed in the box office earning only 37 million dollars in domestic gross and 100 point eight million dollars worldwide Fincher left LA to Bali during the opening weekend to escape the inevitable negativity and recalibrate his life yet the movies failure didn't banish it to obscurity like so many others word of mouth started to spread a cult following was established and in an age of growing sensitivity real fight clubs were formed across America from University to detect industry from gentlemen clubs to gatherings of preteen people were getting together to throw punches many of which were filmed and leaked online thus breaking the number-one rule and leading to arrests on top of that these gatherings began partaking in terrorist activities such as bombing attempts Fight Club had reached a critical mass and achieved longevity in many home entertainment collections selling more than six million copies on DVD and VHS in his first decade while today Fight Club is deemed to be palnick and Fincher's masterpieces it's said to continue to do damage as a cultural influencer of violence in a world so politically separated is this the sort of entertainment that encourages those with the lack of power to take matters into their own hands often leading to dangerous results one group that have latched on to Fight Club as their Bible is the in sells a collection of bitter violent men who harbor resentment because of their involuntary celibacy the most recognized member is elliot rodger who in 2014 went on a killing spree at the University of California when asked about the situation in an interview with The Guardian palnick stated that the extremes always go away comparing the in sells to radical feminists Valerie Jean Salinas who attempted to murder pop artist Andy Warhol in 1968 in a society many deems to be getting overly sensitive a term coined by the novel may best represent the toxicity that the story leaves behind the term is snowflake an insult now commonly associated with the alt-right movement usually directed at the Liberals and their inflated entitlement and sensitivity 20 years after the release of the movie the message of Fight Club is as relevant as ever but many of us are moving towards a more progressive viewpoint and want to put Fight Club behind us some now even deem it to be an example of a two-hour long mansplaining episode and that it is nothing more than a childish representation of the past albeit we must recall what Fight Club was intended to be it was not propaganda it was satire how it will be received in the decades to come only time will tell Fight Club is a story of pent-up rage a clenched fist held too long and must be thrown it's a cautionary tale of what can happen if we don't find ways to release the anger in a peaceful manner Fight Club is not condoning violence it's supporting all the other means of expression that isn't violent after watching the film Chuck Palahniuk went on to say that he believes the movie was an improvement on the book perhaps he saw what Fincher did many changes were made during adaptation but perhaps the most notable is the ending in the novel the narrator wakes up surrounded by the members of project Manhattan in a mental hospital after shooting himself while in the movie the narrator and Marla mend their relationship just in time to watch the city below crumble the novel ends with the impending return of chaos that is Tyler Durden well the movie ends with the new beginning a new life with Marlow which version did you prefer and what are your thoughts on the impact of Fight Club in today's society is it dangerous let me know in the comments below and if you are interested in more stories about the adaptation process please 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>>Male Presenter: Hello everyone. And welcome to Sharon Bertsch McGrayne's talk on "The Theory That Would Not Die." When I got the announcement of the book and I asked for a copy of it, I said, "This looks like a very Googley book." Bayes' theorem is used all over the place and when I asked you guys if you're interested, it was either the first or the second most popular book that I've ever put up. So, it looks like we've had a very good turnout given that everyone here probably knows more about Bayes theorem than I do. And I know a fair bit. I will turn it right over to our speaker. Welcome. [applause] >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: Thank you. Well, thank you very much for inviting me and thank you all for coming. I wanna start right out with some truth in advertising and tell you that I'm not a computer scientist. I'm not a statistician, a scientist, or a mathematician. I come to you from newspaper reporting and from science writing. However, I became intrigued with Bayes rule seven or eight years ago when I could Google the word "Bayesian" and get fewer than a hundred thousand hits. And last week, when I went on and I Googled "Bayesian," I got eleven million hits. So, today I wanna talk to you about how you all are real revolutionaries. You're participants in a remarkable--almost overnight--revolution about a very fundamental scientific issue--how you deal with evidence, how you deal with data, how you evaluate the evidence and measure the uncertainties involved, update it as new knowledge arises and then hopefully, change minds in light of the new data. Now, usually when I talk about Bayes' Rule, I start with a long list of examples of where Bayes is used and I do not think I need to do that with this crowd. Google often uses naive Bayes and other Bayesian methods and recently, Google's Bayesian driverless car got headlines all over the world. And when I wrote a short piece about it for Scientific American, it was one of the most popular articles in that issue. So, it was well-known. But there are a couple of examples that I'd like to bring up today that you might not know so much about. [pause] The first is the Air France jet Flight 447 that took off two years ago last month from Rio de Janeiro bound for Paris overnight. Went into a high altitude, intense electrical storm and disappeared without a trace with 228 people aboard. The world's most high-tech search ever, naval search ever, lasted without success almost two years. They were searching for the wreckage and for these two black boxes, which as you can see are actually red and white. They're the size of shoe boxes and they were searching in mountainous terrain two and a half miles down under the ocean in an area the size of Switzerland. They had no success. Last winter, the French government hired some of the same people who appear in "The Theory That Wouldn't Die" who developed Bayesian Naval search methods. And their software calculated the most probable sites for the wreckage, which was found in April after an undersea search of one week. OK? Now, about a month ago, the agency in charge of British archaeological sites announced that a wonderful Bayesian program had shown them that most of what they'd known about Neolithic era in Britain was, in their words, bollocks. [laughter] Neolithic people built these strange hilltops surrounded by concentric circles of ditches. And they had not built them gradually over the ages. They built and abandoned them, often within the space of one generation. And most of them had been built during a building spree roughly five thousand, five hundred years ago. Now, the remarkable thing to me about these two examples is that the British and the French governments were saying how wonderful Bayes' had worked. And as we're gonna see today, a lot of people didn't even dare mention the word 'Bayes' for decades in the 20th Century. So, to understand why you all are such revolutionaries we're gonna have to go back to the beginning. And given the time constraints, I'm gonna race through the beginning until we get to the Second World War and when I'll slow down some. But I hope we're gonna see two big patterns emerging. First, Bayes becomes an extreme example of the gap between academia and the real world. And second, military super-secrecy during the Second World War and the Cold War had a profound effect on Bayes. Now, Bayes rule of course, is named for the Reverend Thomas Bayes, a wealthy Presbyterian minister and amateur mathematician who lived in a chic resort outside of London in the early 1700s. We know very little about him. I'm not gonna show you his portrait because it's indubitably of someone else. We don't know his birthdate. Wikipedia has his death date wrong. But we do have something personal about Bayes. And that is his handwriting. Goose quills in Latin. OK? And we know another thing about him, excuse me. This, this handwriting comes from the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries in London. And we do know something else about Bayes and that is that he discovered his theorem during the 1740s when Europe was racked by a religious controversy. The issue is not unknown today. It was whether or not we can use evidence about the natural world around us to make rational conclusions about the existence of God. They called Bayes, in his generation, would have called God--. Said it was not about God the creator, but about God the cause, God the primary cause, the first cause. We do not know that Thomas Bayes wanted to prove the existence of God, but we do know that Bayes tried to deal with the issue of cause and effect, mathematically. And in so doing, of course, he produced a simple one-line theorem that we modify our initial beliefs. And he actually called it a guess. He used the word "guess" and he said if, if nothing else works, start with 50-50 odds that it works and modify this, this guess with objective new information and get a new and improved belief, which in turn carries with it a commitment to update that belief each time a new piece of information arrives. But Bayes didn't believe in his theorem enough to publish it. And he dies ten or fifteen years later with it filed away in his notebook. Now, going through Bayes' papers, a friend of his, Richard Price, who was another Presbyterian minister and an amateur mathematician, decides that the theorem will help prove the existence of God the cause. Now, unlike Bayes, Richard Price was famous in his day. This is a royal society portrait done by a famous painter, Benjamin West. He later becomes a famous supporter of the American Revolution, friends of our Founding Fathers and a founder of the insurance industry. And he spends the next two years, off and on, editing Bayes' theorem. Gets it published. Unfortunately, in a journal that primarily the British gentry read and not particularly continental mathematicians and it sank out of view and was neglected. But certainly by today's standards, Richard Price would be considered Thomas Bayes' co-author. If, however, there were justice in this world, Bayes' rule should be named for someone else entirely. And that is the great French mathematician, Pierre-Simon Laplace, who's better known today for the Laplace transform. Now, as a young man of 25, Laplace discovers the rule independently of Bayes in 1774 and calls it the "Probability of Causes". Now, Laplace, also unlike Bayes, was the quintessential scientific researcher. He mathematized every science known to his day and he spends the next 20 years, off and on, in the midst of this enormous career, developing what we call Bayes' rule into the form that's used today and actually used it. But when Laplace dies in 1827, the Western world begins almost a manic fad collecting precise and objective facts. There were clubs that collected them. Even women could do it. Some of the famous numbers were the chest sizes of Scottish soldiers, the number of Prussian officers who were killed by kicking horses, [laugher] the number of victims of cholera. And with lots of these precise numbers at their disposal, any up to date statistician rejected Bayes' rule. They preferred to judge the probability of an event by the frequency that it occurred--nine times out of ten, three out of four, and so on. And eventually they will become known as the Frequentists. And the Frequentists become the great opponent of Bayes' rule up until quite recently because for them, modern science requires both objectivity and precise answers. And Bayes, of course, calls for a measure of belief and approximations and the Frequentists called that quote "subjectivity run amuck," "ignorance coined into science." By the 1920s, they were calling it, saying that Bayes "smacked of astrology, of alchemy." And another said, "We use Bayes formula with a sigh as the only thing available under the circumstances." Now, the surprising thing that I discovered in all of this time is the theorists and the philosophers denounced Bayes' rule as subjective. People who had to deal with real world emergencies, who had to make one-time decisions based on scanty data, they kept right on using Bayes' rule because they had to make do with what they had. So, for example, Bayes' rule helped free Dreyfus from the treason trials in the 1890s in France. Artillery officers in France, in Russia, and the US, tested their ammunition and, and aimed their fire using Bayesian tables in both World Wars. The Bell telephone system survived the 1907 financial panic and the US insurance industry started our first and only--for many years--social insurance, workers compensation insurance, almost overnight at the time of the First World War despite having few facts about the safety of particular industries or particular businesses. Now, every good book needs a villain. And the villain of our piece is Ronald Fisher. Despite Bayes' usefulness, Ronald Fisher started attacking Bayes in the 1920s and '30s and theoretician's attitudes about Bayes changed from tepid toleration to outright hostility. One of the reasons is that Ronald Fisher was a giant. He was a superb geneticist. He founded modern statistics for scientific work, randomization methods, sampling theory, experimental design methods--these are all some of Fisher's great achievements. But unfortunately for Bayes, the thing that Fisher hated most was Bayes' rule. He was a fervent eugenicist with an explosive temper and a remarkable inability to understand other people. For example, if Fisher got bored at a meeting, he might pull out his false teeth and clean them in public. [laughter] He, he interpreted scientific and statistical questions as, as personal attacks. And his life became, a colleague said, "a sequence of scientific fights, often several at a time at scientific meetings and in scientific papers and he hated Bayes' rule the most." He didn't need Bayes. He didn't work with great amounts of uncertainty. He was a eugenicist and he filled his house with cats and dogs and thousands of mice for cross-breeding experiments and he could trace their genealogy back for generations, precisely. His experiments were repeatable and they produced precise answers. And Fisher calls Bayes' approximation and measures of belief "an impenetrable jungle, perhaps the only mistake to which the mathematical world has so deeply committed itself. It's founded on an error and must be wholly rejected." And he kept up this very personal fight against Bayes for 40 years, into the 1950s when a lone Bayesian at NIH was showing that cigarettes, smoking cigarettes, caused lung cancer. Now, Fisher was a chain smoker. He even swims smoking. [laughter] And he was a paid consultant to the tobacco industry. And he proposed, believe it or not, not that smoking caused lung cancer, but that lung cancer probably caused smoking. OK? So, Fisher's stature and his utter inability to discuss Bayes' rationally delayed its development for decades. And I think we have to say that Fisher is an example of how a destructive personality can affect a field, particularly a small field. Now, I wanna switch gears a bit and dwell on the personal history of Alan Turing. First, because he's a hero of mine and second because it illustrates how Bayes' worked as a pencil and paper method, as one of the earliest computer techniques, and as an illustration of the effect of government secrecy. This, of course, is Alan Turing. [pause] Now by the time the Second World War began, as we've seen, Bayes was virtually taboo as far as sophisticated statisticians were concerned. Fortunately, Turing was not a statistician. He was a mathematician. And besides fathering the modern computer, computer science, software, artificial intelligence, the Turing machine, the Turing test, he will father the modern Bayesian revival. Now, it's also important to remember that during the Second World War, England was cut off from the agricultural produce and supplies of the continent, particularly of France and could feed only one in three of its residents. And it depended on convoys of unarmed merchant marine ships bringing in each year 30 million tons of food and supplies from North and South America and from Africa. Now, Hitler said he thought that the U-boats and their attacks on these convoys will win the war. And Churchill said later "the only thing I was really scared of during the war were the U-boats" because of the attacks on the supply lines. And in fact, German U-boats did sink almost 3000 Allied ships and killed more than 50,000 merchant seamen. Now, the German Navy ordered the U-boats around the Atlantic Ocean via radio messages that were encrypted with word scrambling machines called 'Enigmas'. The German government bought the Enigmas during the '20s and distributed them to all of its different agencies. So, the Navy had one set of codes and could develop their own complexities and their own security controls. The Army had another. The foreign service, the Italians, the Spanish nationalists and so on. The German railways had one. And the most complex of all was that operated by the German Navy. And this is a German naval Enigma. They're had to sort out in pictures, but this one comes from Frode Weierud's website called 'CryptoCellar'. Now, an Enigma machine, as you can see, looks like a complex type sturdy typewriter. It had wiring coming out of the very bottom. It had wheels. This one has four wheels, but they started with three and added more later. It had starting places. It had code books. And it had many other features that could be changed within hours if necessary, and that could produce millions upon millions of permutations. And no one, German or British, thought that the British could ever read, ever read those messages. So, this is one of the Enigma machines that Alan Turing will use Bayes' to conquer. Now, on September 4th, 1939, Turing goes to--. He's been working on the Enigma all summer by himself. But he's ordered the day after the war is declared to go to Bletchley Park, which is the British super-secret center for decryption efforts just north of London. When he arrives at Bletchley Park he was 27. He looked 16. He was handsome and athletic. His mother sent proper business suits for him to wear to work. He preferred shabby sports coats. He had a five o'clock shadow. Sometimes, his fingernails were dirty. And he will spend the next six years working on coding and decryption efforts. When he arrives at Bletchley Park, no one is working on the all-important Navy code, the one that will, will control whether or not supplies can reach Great Britain. Turing, however, liked to work alone. And after a few weeks, he announced that no one was doing anything about it and "I could have it to myself." And he goes up into the loft of one of the stable buildings at Bletchley Park and stays there during lunches and breaks and the women on the staff organize a pulley to take up baskets of food for him for lunch and, and tea. And, and if you don't mind, I'll read just a bit from "The Theory That Wouldn't Die." [reads from book] "Late one night, soon after joining Bletchley Park, Turing invented a manual method for reducing the number of tests that would be needed to determine the settings for those wheels. It was a highly labor intensive Bayesian system that he nicknamed 'Banburismus,' for the nearby town of Banbury where needed supplies were printed. He wrote later during the war, 'I was not sure it would work in practice, but if it did it would let him guess a stretch of letters in an Enigma machine, hedge his bets, measure their belief and their validity by using Bayesian methods to assess their probabilities and add more clues as they arrived.' If it worked, it would identify settings for two of Enigma's wheels and reduce the number of wheel settings to be tested from 336 to as few as 18." And at a time, obviously, when every hour counted, the difference could save sailors' lives. "So Turing and his slowly growing staff begin to comb intelligence reports to collect what they called 'cribs', which were the German words that they predicted would occur in the original uncoded German message. The first cribs came primarily from German weather reports because they were standardized and repeated often. Weather for the night, situation Eastern channel. And as one blessed fool radioed each night, 'Beacons lit as ordered.' Reports from British meteorologists about weather in the English Channel provided more clues, more hunches. And in a fundamental breakthrough, Turing realized that he couldn't systematize his hunches or compare his hypotheses, their probabilities, excuse me, without a unit of measurement. And he named his unit 'A Ban for Banburismus'. And he defined it as quote 'about the smallest change of weight in evidence that is directly perceptible to human intuition.' End quote. One Ban represented odds of ten to one in favor of a guess. But Turing normally dealt with much smaller quantities, deciBans and even centiBans. The Ban was basically the same as the bit, the measure of information that Claude Shannon discovered by using Bayes' rule at roughly the same time at Bell Telephone Laboratories. Turing's measure of belief, the Ban, and its supporting mathematical framework had been called his greatest intellectual contribution to Britain's defense. Using Bayes' rule and Bans, Turing began calculating credibility values for various kinds of hunches and compiling reference tables of Bans for technicians to use. It was a statistic-based technique, produced no absolute certainties, but when the odds of a hypothesis added up to 50 to one, cryptanalysts could be close to certain that they were right." Now, Turing was obviously developing a home grown Bayesian system. No one knows where he got it, whether he discovered it and developed it on his own, with his assistant Jack Good, or whether he knew about the rudiments of it from the lone defender of Bayes'--Cambridge University during the pre-war period Harold Jeffries, who used Bayes' for earthquake and tsunami research to find out the epicenter of the earthquakes. Now, within a year and a half of the war starting, by June of 1941, Turing could read the U-boat messages within an hour of arrival at Bletchley Park. And the British could reroute the convoys around the U-boats and for almost a month that summer no convoy, no ship is attacked by a U-boat. By the fall, however, the fall of 1941, Banburimus is critically short of typists and junior clerks, otherwise known as "girl power". Turing and the other decoders wrote a personal letter to Churchill, delivered it to Downing Street. One of them delivered it to Downing Street. And he responded immediately. Among the help that was attempted, Ian Fleming, of James Bond fame, plans an elaborate raid to capture code books for Turing. Fortunately, it's so elaborate, it's better for a novel than--. And it was cancelled. [laughter] The Navy collected code books for Turing from sinking German ships and two young men lost their lives collecting code, code books for Turing from sinking German ships. But breaking Enigma--. If we could actually have that one back. I think. [pause] Whoop. Not there. Never mind. But eventually breaking the Enigma codes becomes routine, like a factory at Bletchley Park. However, [pause] let's go back to Turing if we can. There we go. Thank you. But shortly after Germany attacks Russia in June of 1941, the German army started using a vastly more complex code and word scrambling machine called the 'Lorenz'. These were ultra-secret codes and the Supreme Command in Berlin relies on these new Lorenz codes to communicate high-level strategy to high-level army commanders around Europe. And some of the messages were so important that Hitler himself signed them. [reads from book] "And a group of Britain's leading mathematicians begin a year of desperate search. They used Bayes' rule, logic, statistics, Boolean algebra, and electronics. And they also began working, work on designing and building the first of ten Colossi, the world's first large scale electronic computers. Turing invented a highly Bayesian method known as 'Turingery', or 'Turingismus'. It was a paper and pencil method again. The first step was to make a guess and assume, as Bayes had suggested, that it had a 50-50 percent chance of being correct. Add more clues, some good and some bad. And as one of the decoders described it 'with patience, luck, a lot of rubbing out and a lot of cycling back and forth, the plain text appeared.' Now, the engineer who built the Colossi, Thomas Flowers, had strict orders to have the second model of the Colossus ready by June 1, 1944. He was not told why, but his team worked, he said, so hard until they thought their eyeballs would drop out. They get it ready by June 1. And on June 5, there's a message that they receive from Hitler that he's sending to his army commander in Normandy named General Irwin Rommel. And Hitler tells Rommel, if there is an invasion of Normandy, it will be a diversionary tactic and do nothing for five days. The real invasion will occur later, somewhere else. The message is decrypted at Bletchley Park. A courier takes it to General Eisenhower where he and his staff are determining when to launch the invasion of Normandy. A courier gives the piece of paper to Eisenhower. We know this from Thomas Flowers, by the way. He gives the paper to Eisenhower, who reads it. He cannot tell anything, even to his top staff about Bletchley Park and the decoding efforts. He gives the paper back to the courier and he turns to his staff and says, "We go tomorrow morning." November 6, 1944. And later, Eisenhower says that the decoding at Bletchley Park, Bletchley Park shortened the war in Europe by two years. Now, a few days after Germany's surrender in May of 1945, a year later, Churchill makes a surprising and still shocking move. Everything that showed that decoding had helped to win the Second World War was to be ultra-secret. No one could reveal anything about what they'd done at Bletchley Park. And Turing, of course, could not be mentioned. And this Colossi were to be destroyed. To be destroyed, cut into unidentifiable pieces, except for the last two most complex ones. [crash] Bombing. [laughter] Except for the two most--, the latest ones, the most complex ones, which Britain apparently used during the Cold War to decode Soviet messages. But I think [sound of truck backing up] we have to think that without Churchill's orders, it might have been Great Britain that became the leader of the 20th Century computer revolution. Now, after the war, Turing was working on computers and other projects. No one knew what he had done at Bletchley Park, when two spies flee from Britain [door slam] to Moscow. They had been spying for the Soviet Union all during the war. And they fled in 1950. One was named Guy Burgess and he was an openly homosexual graduate of Cambridge University. And US Intelligence told Britain that the spies had been tipped off by another homosexual graduate of Cambridge, an art historian named Anthony Blunt. And the government panicked and thought that it was probably a homosexual spy ring of graduates from Cambridge. [laughter] The number of arrests for homosexual activity spikes. And the day after Queen Elizabeth II is crowned, Alan Turing is arrested. He is arrested for homosexual activity in the privacy of his home with a consenting adult. He is found guilty. He's sentenced to either prison or chemical castration. He chooses the estrogen injections. Over the next year, he grows breasts. And the day after the 10th Anniversary of the Normandy Invasion that he helped make possible, Alan Turing commits suicide. Anthony Blunt is later Knighted and it's 55 years before the British government, the Prime Minister in this case, apologizes for its treatment of, of Turing. Yeah, thank you. Now, after the, the Second World War, its wartime successes were totally classified. And Bayes' rule also emerged from the Second World War, even more suspect than before. The anti-Bayesians still focused on Thomas Bayes' starting guess, this outrageously subjective prior. And without any public proof that their method worked, the Bayesians were stymied. When Jack Good, who had been Turing's statistical assistant during the war, gave a talk at the Royal Statistical Society about the theory of the method, no mention of course of the application, the next speaker's opening words were "after that nonsense." During Senator McCarthy's witch hunt against communists in the US Federal government, a Bayesian at the National Bureau of Standards was called, only half-jokingly, "un-American and undermining the United States' government." At Harvard Business School, professors had developed the very Bayesian decision trees that MBAs use. But they were called 'Socialists' and 'so-called scientists'. And a Swiss visitor to Berkeley's very Frequentist department, statistics department in the 1950s, realized that it was "kind of dangerous" to apply these Bayesian methods. Now, the Cold War military, of course, continued to use and develop Bayes' rule. So, they knew it worked, but it was secret. For example, the 1950s wrestled with the problem of how do you predict the probability of something's happening if it's never happened before. There had never been an accidental H-bomb explosion. So, the Frequentists said "you couldn't predict the probability of its ever happening in the future." So, a post-doc at Rand Corporation, Albert Madansky, used Bayes' to warn that Curtis LeMay's strategic air command--I think you know Curtis LeMay from the movie 'Dr. Strangelove' --that his strategic air command could have produced at least 19 H-bomb accidents a year. And the Kennedy Administration eventually added safeguards. But there were other secret Cold War projects, too. The National Security Agency cryptographers used Bayes' to decode Soviet messages. And an advisor to the National Security Agency and to the Institute for Defense Analyses used it election nights to predict the winners of a congressional and presidential elections for 20 years, but refused to let anyone say that he was using Bayes', apparently, to keep his connection to Bayesian cryptography totally secret. And the US Navy used Bayes secretly to search for a missing hydrogen bomb in Spain, for a nuclear submarine, Scorpion, which sank without a trace. And then, in a classified story that's told for the first time in "The Theory That Wouldn't Die" how Bayes' actually caught a Russian submarine in the Mediterranean, and convinces the Navy. Now, as a result, during the years of the Cold War, Bayes becomes a real flesh and blood story about a small group of maybe a hundred of more believers struggling for legitimacy and acceptance. And for many years, they concentrated on theory, trying to make probability and Bayes a respectable branch of mathematics. But many Bayesians of that generation remember the exact moment when Bayes' overarching logic descends on them and they talk about it like an epiphany, where they're converted. To them, Frequentism looked like a series of ad hoc techniques, whereas Bayes' theorem had what Einstein had called "the cosmic religious feeling." The reason, of course, was that it was concerned with a very fundamental scientific issue. As David Speigelhalter told me, "It was basic. A huge sway of scientists say you can't use probability to express your lack of knowledge or to describe one-time events that don't have any frequency to it." And many scientists find this rather disturbing because it's not a process of discovery. It's more a process of interpretation. So, both sides were proselytizing their methods as the one and only way to approach statistics. It was, one statistician told me, a "food fight, a devastating food fight." And it was one that didn't subside until late in the 20th Century. Both sides use these religious terms when a Bayesian was appointed Chair of an English statistics department. Frequentists called him 'a Jehovah's Witness elected Pope'. [laughter] He, in turn, asked how to encourage Bayes'. He replied tartly, "Attend funerals." The Frequentists reported in kind that if Bayesians would only do what Thomas Bayes had done and publish after they were dead, we'd all be saved a lot of trouble. [pause] The extraordinary fact though about Bayes' during the Cold War is that although the military was using Bayes' and the civilian Bayesians were under attack, there were very few visible civilian applications. For example, it was an MIT physicist who used Bayesian methods to do the first nuclear power plant safety study 20 years after the industry started. He did it in 1973. And he predicted what actually would happen at Three Mile Island. But he had the big, bad Bayes word hidden in the appendix of Volume Three of the multi-volume Rasmussen Report. And the only big public application of Bayes was one using the words in the Federalist Papers as data. Now, the Federalist Papers were a series of essays that appeared in New York State newspapers to convince New York State voters to vote for the Constitution. And some of them were anonymous. And Fred Mosteller of Harvard and David Wallace of the University of Chicago launched a massive Bayesian study and concluded and convinced everyone that all twelve of the anonymous Federalist Papers were written by James Madison. But they also came to what they called an "awesome statistical conclusion." And that was, they said that 'Thomas Bayes' beginning guess is controversial hated subjective prior was irrelevant if you have a lot of data to update it with.' The problem was that Mosteller had to organize an army of about a hundred Harvard students to punch the data into MITs computer center and no one else was willing to undertake such a mammoth organizational problem. By the 1980s though, another factor was working against Bayes, too. And that was the computer revolution was flooding the modern world with enormous amounts of data and with a lot of unknowns. And Laplace's method had involved integration of functions and it was hopelessly complex. So, it was beginning to look, even to many Bayesians, as though Bayes was an old-fashioned, 18th Century theory crying for a computer and software. But many academic statisticians thought computers were a copout. They'd started out as abstract mathematicians. Most were Frequentists. They focused on small data sets, relatively small data sets, with few unknowns. They didn't need computers. Bayesians themselves during this period also didn't realize that the key to making Bayes useful in the workplace was not more theory, but computational ease. Theorist Dennis Lindley, who'd been programming his own computer since 1965 and actually regarded Bayes' ideal for computers. He wrote me, "I consider it a major mistake of my professional life not to have appreciated the need for computing rather than mathematical analysis. I should have seen that Bayes' enabled one to compute numerical answers." It was a particularly poignant case of the Canadian mathematician Keith Hastings, who published in 1970 what should have been a real breakthrough paper, what's now called 'The Hastings Metropolis Algorithm', or simply 'The Metropolis Algorithm'. He used Markov chains, Monte Carlo sampling techniques. Published it. Got no reaction at all. A year later, drops out of research and goes to teach at the University of British Columbia. And it was not until 20 years after his, after his work when he was fully retired that he realized the importance of what he had done. And Hastings told me with some anguish in his voice that his work was ignored because quote "a lot of statisticians were not oriented toward computing. Statisticians took these theoretical courses, cranked out theoretical papers, and some of them wanted an exact answer, wanted exact answers, not estimates." So, as a result, during the 1980s as computers were pouring out this fascinating new data about pulsars and plate tectonics and evolutionary biology and pollution in the environment, it was not analyzed often by, by statisticians. It was analyzed by computer scientists, by engineers, physicists and biologists. And it would be imaging that would force the issue because by the late '70s, early 1980s, industrial automation, the military, and medical diagnostics were producing blurry images from their ultrasound machine, PET scans, MRIs, electron micrographs, telescopes, military aircraft, and infrared sensors. And there was Bobby Hunt, who in 1977, finally suggested that Bayes' could be used for image restoration. He had done it while working on strategic weapons programs and digital image processing at Sandia and Los Alamos National Labs in New Mexico. During this period, others were introducing iterations and Monte Carlo. And, in 1974. in 1984, if I can get the next slide. Alan Gelfand and Adrian Smith--. [pause] Sorry. It's just a picture of Adrian Smith and Alan Gelfand. Thank you. [pause] Who decide to start something new. And Gelfand, reading around, discovers the iterations and Gibbs sampling. Adrian Smith on the left, at the University of Nottingham at the time. Alan Gelfand at the right at University of Connecticut at the time. And when Gelfand, the minute he saw the papers on iteration and Gibbs sampling, he said all the pieces fell together. Bayes, Gibbs sampling, Monte Carlo, Markov chains, iterations. And they wrote their watershed synthesis, now called MCMC for Markov chain-Monte Carlo, very, very fast 'cause they were scared other people would put the pieces together, too. But they also wrote it very carefully. They used the word 'Bayes' only five times in 12 pages. And Gelfand told me later, "There was always some concern about using the 'B' word, a natural defensiveness on the part of Bayesians in terms of rocking the boat. We were always an oppressed minority trying to get some recognition. And even if we thought we were doing it the right way, we were only a small component of the statistical community and we didn't have much outreach into the scientific community." But Bayesians thought the paper was an epiphany and the next ten years is, what I call, a frenzy of research, solving, calculating problems that for two and a half centuries had only been dreams. Gelfand, of course, says that they were lucky because the relatively inexpensive powerful workstations became available at the same time. Then Smith's student, a David Spiegelhalter, came out with his BUGS software. BUGS standing for Bayesian Statistics Using Gibbs Sampling. It was off the shelf software. He comes out with the first one in 1991 and it's BUGS that causes the biggest single jump in Bayesian popularity. And it sends Bayes out into this scientific and the technological world, where outsiders from computer science, from physics, artificial intelligence, refresh it, broaden it, secularize it, de-politicize it and it gets adopted almost overnight. It was a modern paradigm shift for a very pragmatic age. It happened overnight, not because people changed their minds about a philosophy of science, but because finally it worked. The battle between Bayesians and Frequentists subsided. Researchers adopted--could adopt--the method they thought fit their needs best. Prominent Frequentists moderated their positions. Bradley Efron, a National Medal of Science recipient who had written a classic defense of Frequentism, recently said, "I've always been a Bayesian." [laughter] And someone else, who once called Bayes "the crack-cocaine of statistics [laughter] --seductive, addictive, and ultimately destructive" began recruiting Bayesian interns for Google. Thank you. [applause] Now I'd be happy to try to answer some questions, but it would be very kind of you if you'd use the microphone so people could hear the questions. And I wouldn't have to maul them, summarizing them. >>MALE AUDIENCE MEMBER #1: So what was the Neolithic discovery? >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: It was that the--. It had happened all of a sudden, within a short time period five thousand, five hundred years ago. And that instead of their being used for rites over the ages and built over the ages, that they'd actually been built and abandoned in this very short time period. And they're so excited by this Bayesian mega-analysis that they've done that they're gonna try another of the early Anglo-Saxon period in Great Britain next. Yes. >>MALE AUDIENCE MEMBER #2: OK. So--. >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: Now remember I'm not a mathematician. [laughter] >>MALE AUDIENCE MEMBER #2: So, my training actually is mathematics and we have, our controversies are, we have what's called the axiom of choice which is about the behavior of infinite sets and the continuum hypothesis and all these other sort of questioned axioms. And if you assume not the axiom of choice, you get one mathematics. If you assume it, you get a different mathematics. But mathematicians will all agree that these are just models. These are abstract ideas. It's not that this axiom is true or not true 'cause it's formalisms. In the real world, you can't even substantiate an infinite set anyway. How come with the statistical community, 'cause in the math community it was like, whether it's useful. It's like, you can extend math this way or that way. Which one is more useful as a model? Why weren't they able to say, "OK, Bayesianism might not make sense in some platonic way." Or it might, there's selecting the priors, which is more of an art than a science. But just based on the fact that it's useful, why weren't people able to go with it? [pause] >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: It's very odd because a whole class of people, physicists, did use Bayes'. And they used it even before the Second World War. Fermi used to do computations if he couldn't sleep at night. He'd do Bayesian computations. [laughter] And then he'd come in the next morning and announce how the experiments of the day were probably gonna come out. Well, we're not all Fermis, but--. And during the war, Los Alamos used them. And after the war, the physicists actually tried to get statisticians to, to use them. There were NATO conferences and so on. So, it's very puzzling. There were articles that told statisticians you can do it manually. There were non-statisticians. There were historians in the '60s using computers. I think they were trapped. They were so defensive. They were such a small group and they were under attack. That's not a good way to be, mentally. You can't burst out if you're under-- if your fortress is under attack. That's the only thing I've been able to conclude. >>MALE AUDIENCE MEMBER #3: So, you mentioned in your book but not in the talk on the Lindley's paradox and this research now in Princeton about psychokinetic random number generators that, according to a Frequentist, there was just as significant that people had random number generating abilities, but Bayesians said that this is silly and the same study proves that it doesn't exist. Would you go into that more? Like, the study was cooked, then. Bad. Garbage in, garbage out. But was this real data? [pause] >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: Was it real data? Well, I guess he had his machines recording it, but I think the statisticians don't record it, regard it as real data at all. The same question came up just recently of--come on, what's it called--ESP. And Frequentists' analysis saying that ESP could work. It was something routed in the last year, I think. So, it's a long-standing problem, but Dennis Lindley I think cooked that guy's data and said it was garbage. Garbage in and garbage out. [laughter] Yes, there's some papers about it and they're in the bibliography. >>MALE AUDIENCE MEMBER #4: To follow up on that, there's an article on this very subject in the latest issue of the Skeptical Inquirer. >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: Good. Good. >>MALE AUDIENCE MEMBER #4: I'll try to find my copy and bring it in. I just wanna remark about history. I've been in computing since 1964 and when I was at Cornell, there was a tremendous, there was actually--. Oh, my phone's going crazy. There were actual random walk problems in the textbook, the programming textbook, and the social scientists were just generating reports this big. I don't exaggerate. I hauled them around, of computer analysis, factans, and xtabs and all kinds of crazy stuff. So, I think there's this whole background of -- that was going on underneath this controversy that was preparing us for it. >>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne: Howard Raiffa gives his--. I was in a totally different kind of meeting and someone asked what I was working on and I said Bayes' rule. And he said, "Oh, Bayes' rule? Howard Raiffa taught Bayes' rule at Harvard Business School in the 1960s." And he dug out of his notes this reference, too. It's 60 or 80 pages on Bayes, Markov chains and so on. So, you're absolutely right. So it's such a puzzle why--. [pause] I really think it must have been the fortress mentality that -- it's just hard to break out of that. If there aren't any more questions, I would be happy to sign anyone's books if they want me to. >>Male Presenter: Thank you very much. [applause]

The government has already signalled that it will ignore the results of the poll run by the Natural Environment Research Council to name the £200m state-of-the-art ship. The government has already signalled that it will ignore the results of the poll run by the Natural Environment Research Council to name the £200m state-of-the-art ship. The suggestion received 124,109 votes, four times more than second-placed RRS Poppy-Mai, named after a 16-month-old girl with incurable cancer The RRS David Attenborough came fifth with 10,284 votes, one place behind RSS It’s Bloody Cold Here which came fourth. Attenborough joked that it was “so disappointing” that he had not topped the poll. Boaty McBoatface: tyrants have crushed the people’s will Stuart Heritage Stuart Heritage Stuart Heritage Admittedly, calling a boat Boaty McBoatface was a bad idea, voted for by idiots But it was our bad idea It was the British character writ large, and this cruel government killed it Read more “It’s a compliment of course, I don’t spurn a compliment and I’m very grateful But I don’t think it’s of any consequence,” he said. Attenborough told the Guardian: “I think they should call it something serious I mean, words like discovery, endurance, victory, indomitable, looking at the Navy it’s got a great tradition of a lot of good names, you know?” The name was first put forward by James Hand, a former BBC radio presenter, who expressed surprise at the furore Boaty McBoatface had caused. Jo Johnson, the science minister, signalled earlier this week the government was preparing to activate its get-out clause. The stories you need to read, in one handy email Sign up to The Guardian Today and get the must-read stories delivered straight to your inbox each morning Read more He said the government wanted a name that “lasts longer than a social media news cycle and reflects the serious nature of the science it will be doing “There are many excellent suggestions among the 7,000 names put forward by members of the public and we’ll make a decision as to which one should be put forward for the royal warrant when we’ve had a chance to review them all.” Attenborough turns 90 next month and the BBC will mark the milestone with a season of programmes including one of his first projects, Zoo Quest, which will be shown in colour for the first time. Please Like And Subscribe our Channel!