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a year , it had spread through pig populations across the United States . Scientists found this virus had originated in pigs as a recombinant form of flu strains from birds and humans . This outbreak confirmed that pigs can serve as a crucible where novel influenza viruses emerge as a result of the reassortment of genes from different strains . Genetic components of these 1998 triple - hybrid stains would later form six out of the eight viral gene segments in the 2009 flu outbreak . </P> <H3> 2007 Philippine outbreak ( edit ) </H3> <P> On August 20 , 2007 , Department of Agriculture officers investigated the outbreak of swine flu in Nueva Ecija and central Luzon , Philippines . The mortality rate is less than 10 % for swine flu , unless there are complications like hog cholera . On July 27 , 2007 , the Philippine National Meat Inspection Service ( NMIS ) raised a hog cholera `` red alert '' warning over Metro Manila and five regions of Luzon after the disease spread to backyard pig farms in Bulacan and Pampanga , even if these tested negative for the swine flu virus . </P> <H3> 2009 Northern Ireland outbreak ( edit ) </H3> <P> Since November 2009 , 14 deaths as a result of swine flu in Northern Ireland have been reported . The majority of the victims were reported to have pre-existing health conditions which had lowered their immunity . This closely corresponds to the 19 patients who had died in the year prior due to swine flu , where 18 of the 19 were determined to have lowered immune systems . Because of this , many mothers who have just given birth are strongly encouraged to get a flu shot because their immune systems are vulnerable . Also , studies have shown that people between the ages of 15 and 44 have the highest rate of infection . Although most people now recover , having any conditions that lower one 's immune system increases the risk of having the flu become potentially lethal . In Northern Ireland now , approximately 56 % of all people under 65 who are entitled to the vaccine have gotten the shot , and the outbreak is said to be under control . </P> <H3> 2015 and 2017 India outbreaks ( edit ) </H3> <P> Swine flu outbreaks were reported in India in late 2014 and early 2015 . As of March 19 , 2015 the disease has affected 31,151 people and claimed over 1,841 lives . The largest number of reported cases and deaths due to the disease occurred in the western part of India including states like Delhi , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , and Gujarat . Researchers of MIT have claimed that the swine flu has mutated in India to a more virulent version with changes in Hemagglutinin protein . This has however been disputed by Indian researchers . </P> <P> There was another outbreak in India in 2017 . The states of Maharashtra and Gujarat were the most affected states . Gujarat high court has given Gujarat government instructions to control deaths by Swine Flu . Actor Aamir Khan and wife Kiran Rao were among the latest to be afflicted by swine flu . The couple spoke about their battle with the H1N1 virus via video conference at the Satyamev Jayate Water Cup event in Pune , which they had to skip due to ill - health . More than 1094 people died of Swine flu in India in year 2017 till 26 August 2017 . </P> <H3> 2015 Nepal outbreak ( edit ) </H3> <P> Swine flu outbreaks were reported in Nepal in the spring of 2015 . As of April 21 , 2015 the disease has claimed 26 lives in the most severely affected district , Jajarkot in Northwest Nepal . Cases were also detected in the districts of Kathmandu , Morang , Kaski , and Chitwan . As of 22 April 2015 the Nepal Ministry of Health reported that 2,498 people had been treated in Jajarkot , of whom 552 were believed to have swine flu , and acknowledged that the government 's response had been inadequate . The Jajarkot outbreak had just been declared an emergency when the April 2015 Nepal earthquake struck on 25 April 2015 , diverting all medical and emergency resources to quake - related rescue and recovery . </P> <H3> 2016 Pakistan outbreak ( edit ) </H3> <P> There were seven cases of Swine flu reported in Punjab province of Pakistan mainly in the city of Multan in January 2017 . Cases of Swine Flu have also been reported in Lahore & Faisalabad . </P> <H3> 2017 Maldives outbreak ( edit ) </H3> <P> As of 16 March 2017 , over a hundred confirmed cases of Swine flu and at least six deaths were reported in the Maldivian capital of Male ' and some other islands . Makeshift flu clinics were opened in Male ' . Schools , universities and colleges in the capital were closed , prison visitations suspended , several events cancelled , and all non-essential travel to other islands outside the capital was advised against by the HPA . An influenza vaccination program focussed on pregnant women was initiated soon after . An official visit by the Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud to the Maldives during his Asian tour was also cancelled last minute amidst fears over the outbreak of swine flu . </P> <H3> H1N1 virus pandemic history ( edit ) </H3> <P> A study conducted in 2008 , and published in the journal Nature , has managed to establish the evolutionary origin of the flu strain of swine origin ( S - OIV ) . </P> <P> The phylogenetic origin of the flu virus that caused the 2009 pandemics can be traced before 1918 . Around 1918 , the ancestral virus , of avian origin , crossed the species boundaries and infected humans as human H1N1 . The same phenomenon took place soon after in America , where the human virus was infecting pigs ; it led to the emergence of the H1N1 swine strain , which later became the classic swine flu . </P> <P> New events of reassortment were not reported until 1968 , when the avian strain H1N1 infected humans again ; this time the virus met the strain H2N2 , and the reassortment originated the strain H3N2 . This strain has remained as a stable flu strain until now . </P> <P> The mid-1970s were important for the evolution of flu strains . First , the re-emergence of the human H1N1 strain became a seasonal strain . Then , a small outbreak of swine H1N1 occurred in humans , and finally , the human H2N2 strain apparently became extinct . Around 1979 , the avian H1N1 strain infected pigs and gave rise to Euroasiatic swine flu and H1N1 Euroasiatic swine virus , which is still being transmitted in swine populations . </P> <P> The critical moment for the 2009 outbreak was between 1990 and 1993 . A triple reassortment event in a pig host of North American H1N1 swine virus , the human H3N2 virus and avian H1N1 virus generated the swine H1N2 strain . Finally , the last step in S - OIV history was in 2009 , when the virus H1N2 co-infected a human host at the same time as the Euroasiatic H1N1 swine strain . This led to the emergence of a new human H1N1 strain , which caused the 2009 pandemic . </P> <P> On June 11 , 2009 , the World Health Organization raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6 for swine flu , which is the highest alert level . This alert level means that the swine flu had spread worldwide and there were cases of people with the virus in most countries . The pandemic level identifies the spread of the disease or virus and not necessarily the severity of the disease . </P> <P> Swine flu spread very rapidly worldwide due to its high human - to - human transmission rate and due to the frequency of air travel . </P> <P> In 2015 the instances of swine flu substantially increased to five year highs with over 10,000 cases reported and 660 deaths in India . The states reporting the highest number of cases and deaths are Rajasthan , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Delhi , and Telangana . The circulating strain of influenza being the same , unmutant strain that caused global pandemic in 2009 ( A H1N1 pdm 09 ) , the sudden spurt of the cases in the beginning of 2015 left the Indian government unexplained but concerned . Government instructed the affected states to investigate into the epidemiological reasons of such spurt in the states , and had detailed the advisory guidelines to all states . The guidelines are mainly for ( a ) description of A H1N1 for prompt identification , detection , and distinction from the symptoms of other similar infection such as common flu ( cold ) ( b ) categorization of screening of influenza A H1N1 cases , ( c ) clinical management protocol of Pandemic influenza A H1N1 , ( d ) providing home care , ( e ) collection of human sample . Besides , through the National Centre for Diseases Control ( NCDC ) , Directorate General of Health Services ( DGHS ) , Government of India ( GoI ) had placed a tender to procure 8 kits of Assay sets , 37 kits of one step RT - PCR kit , and 36 kits of viral RNA extraction kits . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ International Committee on onomy of Viruses . `` The Universal Virus Database , version 4 : Influenza A '' . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Swine influenza '' . The Merck Veterinary Manual . 2008 . ISBN 1 - 4421 - 6742 - 4 . Retrieved April 30 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Gibbs , Adrian J. ; Armstrong , John S. ; Downie , Jean C. ( 2009 - 01 - 01 ) . `` From where did the 2009 ' swine - origin ' influenza A virus ( H1N1 ) emerge ? '' . Virology Journal . 6 : 207 . doi : 10.1186 / 1743 - 422X - 6 - 207 . ISSN 1743 - 422X . PMC 2787513 . PMID 19930669 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pandemic ( H1N1 ) 2009 '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swine Flu - National Health Portal of India '' . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : PTI ( March 19 , 2015 ) . `` Swine flu toll inches towards 1,900 '' . The Hindu . Retrieved March 20 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Kothalawala H , Toussaint MJ , Gruys E ( June 2006 ) . `` An overview of swine influenza '' . Vet Q. 28 ( 2 ) : 46 -- 53 . doi : 10.1080 / 01652176.2006. 9695207 . PMID 16841566 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Thacker , Eileen ; Janke , Bruce ( 2008 - 02 - 15 ) . `` Swine Influenza Virus : Zoonotic Potential and Vaccination Strategies for the Control of Avian and Swine Influenzas '' . Journal of Infectious Diseases . 197 ( Supplement 1 ) : S19 -- S24 . doi : 10.1086 / 524988 . ISSN 0022 - 1899 . PMID 18269323 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Key Facts about Swine Influenza ( Swine Flu ) '' . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved April 27 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Myers KP , Olsen CW , Gray GC ( April 2007 ) . `` Cases of Swine Influenza in Humans : A Review of the Literature '' . Clinical Infectious Diseases . 44 ( 8 ) : 1084 -- 8 . doi : 10.1086

The carrier of the H1N1 virus is

Which animal is the carrier of the h1n1 virus?

-2566265789668921137

Romanticism - wikipedia <H1> Romanticism </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Romance ( disambiguation ) . Caspar David Friedrich , Wanderer above the Sea of Fog , 1818 Eugène Delacroix , The Death of Sardanapalus , 1827 , taking its Orientalist subject from a play by Lord Byron Philipp Otto Runge , The Morning , 1808 <P> Romanticism ( also the Romantic era or the Romantic period ) was an artistic , literary , musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century , and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850 . Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature , preferring the medieval rather than the classical . It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution , the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment , and the scientific rationalization of nature -- all components of modernity . It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts , music , and literature , but had a major impact on historiography , education , and the natural sciences . It had a significant and complex effect on politics , with romantic thinkers influencing liberalism , radicalism , conservatism and nationalism . </P> <P> The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience , placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension , horror and terror , and awe -- especially that experienced in confronting the new aesthetic categories of the sublimity and beauty of nature . It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble , but also spontaneity as a desirable characteristic ( as in the musical impromptu ) . In contrast to the Rationalism and Classicism of the Enlightenment , Romanticism revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived as authentically medieval in an attempt to escape population growth , early urban sprawl , and industrialism . </P> <P> Although the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement , which preferred intuition and emotion to the rationalism of the Enlightenment , the events and ideologies of the French Revolution were also proximate factors . Romanticism assigned a high value to the achievements of `` heroic '' individualists and artists , whose examples , it maintained , would raise the quality of society . It also promoted the individual imagination as a critical authority allowed of freedom from classical notions of form in art . There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability , a Zeitgeist , in the representation of its ideas . In the second half of the 19th century , Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism . The decline of Romanticism during this time was associated with multiple processes , including social and political changes and the spread of nationalism . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Defining Romanticism <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Basic characteristics </Li> <Li> 1.2 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.3 The period </Li> <Li> 1.4 Context and place in history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Romantic literature <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Germany </Li> <Li> 2.2 Great Britain <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 England </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Scotland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 France </Li> <Li> 2.4 Poland </Li> <Li> 2.5 Russia </Li> <Li> 2.6 Spain </Li> <Li> 2.7 Portugal </Li> <Li> 2.8 Italy </Li> <Li> 2.9 South America </Li> <Li> 2.10 United States <Ul> <Li> 2.10. 1 Influence of European Romanticism on American writers </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Romantic visual arts </Li> <Li> 4 Romanticism and music </Li> <Li> 5 Romanticism outside the arts <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Sciences </Li> <Li> 5.2 Historiography </Li> <Li> 5.3 Theology </Li> <Li> 5.4 Chess </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Romantic nationalism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Polish nationalism and messianism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Gallery </Li> <Li> 8 Romantic authors </Li> <Li> 9 Scholars of Romanticism </Li> <Li> 10 See also <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Related terms </Li> <Li> 10.2 Opposing terms </Li> <Li> 10.3 Related subjects </Li> <Li> 10.4 Related movements </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Defining Romanticism ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Basic characteristics ( edit ) </H3> <P> Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist . The importance the Romantics placed on emotion is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that `` the artist 's feeling is his law '' . To William Wordsworth , poetry should begin as `` the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings , '' which the poet then `` recollect ( s ) in tranquility , '' evoking a new but corresponding emotion the poet can then mould into art . To express these feelings , it was considered that the content of the art had to come from the imagination of the artist , with as little interference as possible from `` artificial '' rules that dictated what a work should consist of . Samuel Taylor Coleridge and others believed there were natural laws that the imagination -- at least of a good creative artist -- would unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone . As well as rules , the influence of models from other works was considered to impede the creator 's own imagination , so that originality was essential . The concept of the genius , or artist who was able to produce his own original work through this process of creation from nothingness , is key to Romanticism , and to be derivative was the worst sin . This idea is often called `` romantic originality . '' </P> William Blake , The Little Girl Found , from Songs of Innocence and Experience , 1794 <P> Not essential to Romanticism , but so widespread as to be normative , was a strong belief and interest in the importance of nature . However , this is particularly in the effect of nature upon the artist when he is surrounded by it , preferably alone . In contrast to the usually very social art of the Enlightenment , Romantics were distrustful of the human world , and tended to believe that a close connection with nature was mentally and morally healthy . Romantic art addressed its audiences with what was intended to be felt as the personal voice of the artist . So , in literature , `` much of romantic poetry invited the reader to identify the protagonists with the poets themselves '' . </P> <P> According to Isaiah Berlin , Romanticism embodied `` a new and restless spirit , seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms , a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness , a longing for the unbounded and the indefinable , for perpetual movement and change , an effort to return to the forgotten sources of life , a passionate effort at self - assertion both individual and collective , a search after means of expressing an unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals . '' </P> <H3> Etymology ( edit ) </H3> <P> The group of words with the root `` Roman '' in the various European languages , such as `` romance '' and `` Romanesque '' , has a complicated history , but by the middle of the 18th century `` romantic '' in English and romantique in French were both in common use as adjectives of praise for natural phenomena such as views and sunsets , in a sense close to modern English usage but without the sexual connotation . The application of the term to literature first became common in Germany , where the circle around the Schlegel brothers , critics August and Friedrich , began to speak of romantische Poesie ( `` romantic poetry '' ) in the 1790s , contrasting it with `` classic '' but in terms of spirit rather than merely dating . Friedrich Schlegel wrote in his Dialogue on Poetry ( 1800 ) , `` I seek and find the romantic among the older moderns , in Shakespeare , in Cervantes , in Italian poetry , in that age of chivalry , love and fable , from which the phenomenon and the word itself are derived . '' </P> <P> In both French and German the closeness of the adjective to roman , meaning the fairly new literary form of the novel , had some effect on the sense of the word in those languages . The use of the word did not become general very quickly , and was probably spread more widely in France by its persistent use by Madame de Staël in her De l'Allemagne ( 1813 ) , recounting her travels in Germany . In England Wordsworth wrote in a preface to his poems of 1815 of the `` romantic harp '' and `` classic lyre '' , but in 1820 Byron could still write , perhaps slightly disingenuously , `` I perceive that in Germany , as well as in Italy , there is a great struggle about what they call ' Classical ' and ' Romantic ' , terms which were not subjects of classification in England , at least when I left it four or five years ago '' . It is only from the 1820s that Romanticism certainly knew itself by its name , and in 1824 the Académie française took the wholly ineffective step of issuing a decree condemning it in literature . </P> <H3> The period ( edit ) </H3> <P> The period typically called Romantic varies greatly between different countries and different artistic media or areas of thought . Margaret Drabble described it in literature as taking place `` roughly between 1770 and 1848 '' , and few dates much earlier than 1770 will be found . In English literature , M.H. Abrams placed it between 1789 , or 1798 , this latter a very typical view , and about 1830 , perhaps a little later than some other critics . Others have proposed 1780 -- 1830 . In other fields and other countries the period denominated as Romantic can be considerably different ; musical Romanticism , for example , is generally regarded as only having ceased as a major artistic force as late as 1910 , but in an extreme extension the Four Last Songs of Richard Strauss are described stylistically as `` Late Romantic '' and were composed in 1946 -- 48 . However , in most fields the Romantic Period is said to be over by about 1850 , or earlier . </P> <P> The early period of the Romantic Era was a time of war , with the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 1799 ) followed by the Napoleonic Wars until 1815 . These wars , along with the political and social turmoil that went along with them , served as the background for Romanticism . The key generation of French Romantics born between 1795 -- 1805 had , in the words of one of their number , Alfred de Vigny , been `` conceived between battles , attended school to the rolling of drums '' . According to Jacques Barzun , there were three generations of Romantic artists . The first emerged in the 1790s and 1800s , the second in the 1820s , and the third later in the century . </P> <H3> Context and place in history ( edit ) </H3> <P> The more precise characterization and specific definition of Romanticism has been the subject of debate in the fields of intellectual history and literary history throughout the 20th century , without any great measure of consensus emerging . That it was part of the Counter-Enlightenment , a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment , is generally accepted in current scholarship . Its relationship to the French Revolution , which began in 1789 in the very early stages of the period , is clearly important , but highly variable

The Romanticism period started and ended

When did the romanticism period start and end?

3867705141367202061

A Thousand Years ( Christina Perri song ) - wikipedia <H1> A Thousand Years ( Christina Perri song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` A Thousand Years '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Christina Perri </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn -- Part 1 : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 18 , 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Atlantic , Chop Shop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Christina Perri , David Hodges </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Christina Perri singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Arms '' ( 2011 ) </Td> <Td> `` A Thousand Years '' ( 2011 ) </Td> <Td> `` Distance '' ( 2012 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Arms '' ( 2011 ) </Td> <Td> `` A Thousand Years '' ( 2011 ) </Td> <Td> `` Distance '' ( 2012 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` A Thousand Years '' is a song by American singer - songwriter Christina Perri and David Hodges . It is taken from the album The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn -- Part 1 : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack . The song serves as the second single from the album . The song was released as a digital download on October 18 , 2011 worldwide . Perri re-recorded the song with vocals from Steve Kazee for The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack titled A Thousand Years , Pt. 2 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Music video </Li> <Li> 2 Track listing </Li> <Li> 3 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 5 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Weekly charts <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 A Thousand Years </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 A Thousand Years , Pt. 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 5.3 Certifications <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 A Thousand Years </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 A Thousand Years , Pt. 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Release history </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> An official lyric video of the song was premiered on October 17 , 2011 via Perri 's official Facebook and Twitter pages as well as her official website . On October 26 , 2011 , she released an official video for the song on her YouTube channel . The video begins with Perri holding a candle . It features a few clips from the movie interspersed between scenes with Perri singing in a room with a floor full of candles . The video may include the voices from Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson saying they love each other while in a wedding and also they can be heard in the background before the bridge . She ends the video singing into a sunset . </P> <P> It has over 890 million views and 5.5 million likes on YouTube . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` A Thousand Years '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> A cover by American crossover band The Piano Guys was uploaded on YouTube on May 9 , 2012 and , as of April 2018 , it has over 120 million views . </Li> <Li> American band Boyce Avenue released an acoustic version of `` A Thousand Years '' . It currently has over 90 million views as of April 2018 . </Li> <Li> Scottish singer Nicholas McDonald performed the song during the 10th series of the X Factor at the Arena audition . </Li> <Li> A duet cover by country singer - Nashville recorded artist Celeste Kellogg and Branden Mendoza was uploaded on YouTube on December 17 , 2012 and as of April 2018 , it has over 42,000 views . </Li> <Li> Scottish - American actor , singer , presenter and writer John Barrowman covered the song on his 2014 album `` You Raise Me Up . '' He recorded the song after he married his husband , Scott Gil , and to celebrate gay couples who married after the United States Supreme Court denied an appeal to overturning California Proposition 8 . </Li> <Li> Michael O'Dwyer , a member of the Irish stage production Celtic Thunder , covered the song for their most recent CD / DVD set Celtic Thunder X . </Li> <Li> Chilean group Kevin , Karen y la Banda covered the song in Spanish , calling it `` Mil años '' </Li> <Li> Moms of kids with Down syndrome made a cover of the song that went viral . The video currently has over 3.8 million views . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Thousand Years '' A 23 - second sample of the song </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> On the week of October 23 , 2011 , the song debuted at No. 63 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , and No. 70 on Canadian Hot 100 . It has reached number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 , giving Perri her second top 40 hit . </P> <P> By July 2013 , the song has sold over 3 million digital downloads in the US . As of June 2014 , the song has sold 3,657,000 copies in the US . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom , the song reached number 32 on its original release in 2011 . The following year , after the release of The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 , it peaked at number 13 . In 2013 , after it was performed on The X Factor ( UK ) , it reached a new peak of 11 . </P> <H2> Charts and certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> A Thousand Years ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2011 -- 13 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratip Flanders ) </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazil ( Billboard Brasil Hot 100 ) </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark ( Tracklisten ) </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finland ( Suomen virallinen lista ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hungary ( Single Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy ( FIMI ) </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scotland ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spain ( PROMUSICAE ) </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Latin Pop Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> </Table> A Thousand Years , Pt. 2 ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2012 -- 13 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazil ( Billboard Brasil Hot 100 Airplay ) </Td> <Td> 98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France ( SNEP ) </Td> <Td> 66 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy ( FIMI ) </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2012 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> 67 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 87 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Pop Songs </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2013 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Certifications ( edit ) </H3> A Thousand Years ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 7 × Platinum </Td> <Td> 490,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada ( Music Canada ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( BVMI ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 150,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italy ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 50,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mexico ( AMPROFON ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 60,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 15,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Kingdom ( BPI ) </Th> <Td> 2 × Platinum </Td> <Td> 1,200,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> 6 × Platinum </Td> <Td> 5,657,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone sales + streaming figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> A Thousand Years , Pt. 2 ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 500,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Release history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Format </Th> <Th> Label </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States </Th> <Td> October 18 , 2011 </Td> <Td> Digital download </Td> <Td> Atlantic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada </Th> <Td> WEA International Inc . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Kingdom </Th> <Td> November 7 , 2011 </Td> <Td> Digital download ( album only ) </Td> <Td> Atlantic </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` A Thousand Years - Single '' . iTunes USA . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christina Perri ( 2011 - 10 - 26 ) , Christina Perri - A Thousand Years ( Official Music Video ) , retrieved 2018 - 03 - 28 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ThePianoGuys ( 2012 - 05 - 09 ) , Christina Perri - A Thousand Years ( Piano / Cello Cover ) - The Piano Guys , retrieved 2017 - 07

The song "I've Loved You for a Thousand Years" is sung by

Who sings ive loved you for a thousand years?

2090547631524665717

, caused by the Speed Force prison being empty . Barry explains that he needs to atone for creating Flashpoint and enters the prison , entrusting Central City to Iris and the team . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 4 ( 2017 -- 18 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : The Flash ( season 4 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. Kevorkian </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13403 </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Elongated Journey Into Night '' </Td> <Td> Tom Cavanagh </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13404 </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> Laura Belsey </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13405 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 75 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` When Harry Met Harry ... '' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 76 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore I Am '' </Td> <Td> David McWhirter </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13407 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 77 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Crisis on Earth - X , Part 3 '' </Td> <Td> Dermott Downs </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg & Marc Guggenheim Teleplay by : Todd Helbing </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13408 </Td> <Td> 2.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 78 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Run '' </Td> <Td> Stefan Pleszczynski </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13409 </Td> <Td> 2.22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The Trial of The Flash '' </Td> <Td> Philip Chipera </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> January 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13410 </Td> <Td> 2.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 80 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Elongated Knight Rises '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13411 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Honey , I Shrunk Team Flash '' </Td> <Td> Chris Peppe </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> January 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13412 </Td> <Td> 2.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 82 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` True Colors '' </Td> <Td> Tara Nicole Weyr </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> February 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13413 </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 83 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Subject 9 '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Mike Alber & Gabe Snyder </Td> <Td> February 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13414 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 84 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Enter Flashtime '' </Td> <Td> Gregory Smith </Td> <Td> Todd Helbing & Sterling Gates </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13415 </Td> <Td> 2.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 85 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Run , Iris , Run '' </Td> <Td> Harry Jierjian </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> March 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13416 </Td> <Td> 2.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 86 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Null and Annoyed '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Smith </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> April 10 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13417 </Td> <Td> 1.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Lose Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> April 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13418 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 88 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Fury Rogue '' </Td> <Td> Rachel Talalay </Td> <Td> Joshua V. Gilbert & Jeff Hersh </Td> <Td> April 24 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> 1.90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 89 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore She Is '' </Td> <Td> Rob J. Greenlea </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> May 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 90 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Harry and the Harrisons '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Mock </Td> <Td> Judalina Neira & Lauren Certo </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 91 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Think Fast '' </Td> <Td> Viet Nguyen </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> May 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` We Are the Flash '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2014 -- 15 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> October 7 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.9 / 6 </Td> <Td> 4.83 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.00 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Fastest Man Alive '' </Td> <Td> October 14 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.7 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.27 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Things You Ca n't Outrun '' </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.59 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Going Rogue '' </Td> <Td> October 28 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.53 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Plastique '' </Td> <Td> November 11 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.46 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Is Born '' </Td> <Td> November 18 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.73 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Power Outage '' </Td> <Td> November 25 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.47 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Flash vs. Arrow '' </Td> <Td> December 2 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.6 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.34 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.31 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Man in the Yellow Suit '' </Td> <Td> December 9 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.66 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.06 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 6.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Revenge of the Rogues '' </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.87 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 6.27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Sound and the Fury '' </Td> <Td> January 27 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.08 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Crazy for You '' </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.60 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` The Nuclear Man '' </Td> <Td> February 10 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.66 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Fallout '' </Td> <Td> February 17 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.01 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Out of Time '' </Td> <Td> March 17 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.69 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.34 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Rogue Time '' </Td> <Td> March 24 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.2 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.33 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.37 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 5.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Tricksters '' </Td> <Td> March 31 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.67 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.43 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` All Star Team Up '' </Td> <Td> April 14 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.67 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.05 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Who Is Harrison Wells ? '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.75 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` The Trap '' </Td> <Td> April 28 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.93 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td>

The last episode of The Flash aired on

When was the last episode of the flash aired?

-1546147308403024577

Vincenzo Peruggia - wikipedia <H1> Vincenzo Peruggia </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Vincenzo Peruggia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A police photograph of Vincenzo Peruggia in 1911 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1881 - 10 - 08 ) October 8 , 1881 Dumenza , Varese , Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> October 8 , 1925 ( 1925 - 10 - 08 ) ( aged 44 ) Saint - Maur - des - Fossés , France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> Italian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> theft of the Mona Lisa </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Vincenzo Peruggia ( October 8 , 1881 -- October 8 , 1925 ) was an Italian thief , most famous for stealing the Mona Lisa on 21 August 1911 . Born in Dumenza , Varese , Italy , he died in Saint - Maur - des - Fossés , France . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Patriot </Li> <Li> 2 Later life and personal life </Li> <Li> 3 Death </Li> <Li> 4 Motivations </Li> <Li> 5 In art , entertainment , and media </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Sources </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Patriot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1911 , Peruggia perpetrated what has been described as the greatest art theft of the 20th century . It was a police theory that the former Louvre worker hid inside the museum on Sunday , August 20 , knowing the museum would be closed the following day . But , according to Peruggia 's interrogation in Florence after his arrest , he entered the museum on Monday , August 21 around 7 am , through the door where the other Louvre workers were entering . He said he wore one of the white smocks that museum employees customarily wore and was indistinguishable from the other workers . When the Salon Carré , where the Mona Lisa hung , was empty , he lifted the painting off the four iron pegs that secured it to the wall and took it to a nearby service staircase . There , he removed the protective case and frame . Some people report that he concealed the painting ( which Leonardo painted on wood ) under his smock . But Peruggia was only 5'3 `` , and the Mona Lisa measures approx. 21 '' x 30 `` , so it would not fit under a smock worn by someone his size . Instead , he said he took off his smock and wrapped it around the painting , tucked it under his arm , and left the Louvre through the same door he had entered . </P> <P> Peruggia hid the painting in his apartment in Paris . Supposedly , when police arrived to search his apartment and question him , they accepted his alibi that he had been working at a different location on the day of the theft . </P> <P> After keeping the painting hidden in a trunk in his apartment for two years , Peruggia returned to Italy with it . He kept it in his apartment in Florence , Italy but grew impatient , and was finally caught when he contacted Alfredo Geri , the owner of an art gallery in Florence . Geri 's story conflicts with Peruggia 's , but it was clear that Peruggia expected a reward for returning the painting to what he regarded as its `` homeland '' . Geri called in Giovanni Poggi , director of the Uffizi Gallery , who authenticated the painting . Poggi and Geri , after taking the painting for `` safekeeping '' , informed the police , who arrested Peruggia at his hotel . After its recovery , the painting was exhibited all over Italy with banner headlines rejoicing its return and then returned to the Louvre in 1913 . While the painting was famous before the theft , the notoriety it received from the newspaper headlines and the large scale police investigation helped the artwork become one of the best known in the world . </P> <H2> Later life and personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Peruggia was released from jail after a short time and served in the Italian army during World War I. He later married , had one daughter , Celestina , returned to France , and continued to work as a painter decorator using his birth name Pietro Peruggia . </P> <H2> Death ( edit ) </H2> <P> He died on October 8 , 1925 ( his 44th birthday ) in the town of Saint - Maur - des - Fossés , France . His death was not widely reported by the media ; obituaries appeared mistakenly only when another Vincenzo Peruggia died in Haute - Savoie in 1947 . </P> <H2> Motivations ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are currently two predominant theories regarding the theft of the Mona Lisa . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Patriotism </Dt> </Dl> <P> Peruggia said he did it for a patriotic reason : he wanted to bring the painting back for display in Italy `` after it was stolen by Napoleon '' . Although perhaps sincere in his motive , Vincenzo may not have known that Leonardo da Vinci took this painting as a gift for Francis I when he moved to France to become a painter in his court during the 16th century , 250 years before Napoleon 's birth . </P> <P> Experts have questioned the ' patriotism ' motive on the grounds that -- if ' patriotism ' was the true motive -- Peruggia would have donated the painting to an Italian museum , rather than have attempted to profit from its sale . The question of money is also confirmed by letters that Peruggia sent to his father after the theft . On December 22 , 1911 , four months after the theft , he wrote that Paris was where `` I will make my fortune and that his ( fortune ) will arrive in one shot . '' The following year ( 1912 ) , he wrote : `` I am making a vow for you to live long and enjoy the prize that your son is about to realize for you and for all our family . '' </P> <P> Put on trial , the court agreed , to some extent , that Peruggia committed his crime for patriotic reasons and gave him a lenient sentence . He was sent to jail for one year and 15 days , but was hailed as a great patriot in Italy and served only seven months in jail . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Criminal conspiracy </Dt> </Dl> <P> Another theory emerged later . The theft may have been encouraged or masterminded by Eduardo de Valfierno , a con - man who had commissioned the French art forger Yves Chaudron to make copies of the painting so he could sell them as the missing original . The copies would have gone up in value if the original were stolen . This theory is based entirely on a 1932 article by former Hearst journalist Karl Decker in The Saturday Evening Post . Decker claimed to have known `` Valfierno '' and heard the story from him in 1913 , promising not to print it until he learned of Valfierno 's death . There is no external confirmation for this tale . </P> <H2> In art , Entertainment , and media ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> In Der Raub der Mona Lisa ( 1931 ) , an early German soundfilm , he was portrayed by Willi Forst </Li> <Li> In The Man Who Stole La Gioconda ( 2006 ) , a television - miniseries he was portrayed by Alessandro Preziosi </Li> <Li> In an April 1956 episode of the TV - show You Are There , called `` The Recovery of the Mona Lisa ( December 10 , 1913 ) '' , Peruggia is played by Vito Scotti , who reprised the role in yet another TV - reconstruction of the famous theft , this time for the TV - show G.E. True . The episode was called `` The Tenth Mona Lisa '' and aired in March 1963 . </Li> <Li> Art Historian Noah Charney 's monograph , `` The Theft of the Mona Lisa : On Stealing the Worlds Most Famous Painting '' ( 2011 , ARCA Publications ) , is an account of the theft and its ramifications . </Li> <Li> In 2012 , the full - length documentary Mona Lisa Is Missing ( formerly The Missing Piece ) was released . Directed by filmmaker Joe Medeiros , it tells the complete story of Vincenzo Peruggia 's theft of the Mona Lisa , using original source documents from the French and Italian archives as well as interviews with Celestina Peruggia , the daughter of the thief </Li> <Li> In April 2013 , Larry A. Thompson Entertainment optioned Missing Mona Lisa , a screenplay by Mark Hudelson based on the Mona Lisa 's theft . </Li> <Li> In the film The Art of the Steal ( 2013 ) , Guy de Cornet ( played by Chris Diamantopoulos ) narrates the story of Vincenzo Peruggia 's stealing the painting </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : ( in Italian ) Mio padre , il ladro della Gioconda </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Extrait du Proces - Verbal de la confrontation de M. Vignolle avec Peruggia , Dec. 20 . 1913 , Archives Nationales , Paris </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Peruggia mugshot , January 25 , 1909 , Archives Nationales , Paris </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mona Lisa Is Missing , 2013 , Virgil Films , dir . Joe Medeiros </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Chua - Eoan , Howard ( March 1 , 2007 ) . `` STEALING THE MONA LISA , 1911 '' . The Top 25 Crimes of the Century . Time Magazine . Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Theft That Made The ' Mona Lisa ' A Masterpiece '' . NPR.org . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Who stole the Mona Lisa ? , FT.com , August 2011 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Peruggia Letter Dec. 22 , 1911 , Archivio di Stato , Florence </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nilsson , Jeff . `` 100 Years Ago : The Mastermind Behind the Mona Lisa Heist '' . Saturday Evening Post . Curtis Publishing . Retrieved 10 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Tenth Mona Lisa '' . IMDb.com. 31 March 1963 . Retrieved 30 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Missing Piece : Mona Lisa , Her Thief , the True Story '' . IMDb.com. 20 October 2012 . Retrieved 30 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Art of the Steal '' . IMDb.com. 20 June 2014 . Retrieved 30 September 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hoobler , Dorothy and Thomas , The Crimes of Paris New York : Little , Brown , 2009 , pp. 3 -- 7 , 305 - 314 . </Li> <Li> Kuper , Simon , `` Who Stole the Mona Lisa ? The World 's Most Famous Art Heist , 100 Years On , '' Slate , Aug. 7 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Newsweek , `` The Mona Lisa Thief , '' September 29 , 1947 , p. 97 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Vanity Fair - May 2009 . `` Stealing Mona Lisa '' by Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler </Li> <Li> Saturday Evening Post : 100 Years Ago : The Mastermind Behind the Mona Lisa Heist </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subject </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li>

The Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre in 1911 by

Who stole the mona lisa from the louvre in 1911?

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- 16 - 0000 16 Sep 1992 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Conservative government was forced to withdraw the pound sterling from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM ) after they were unable to keep sterling above its agreed lower limit . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 Asian financial crisis </Td> <Td> 000000001997 - 07 - 02 - 0000 2 July 1997 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Investors deserted emerging Asian shares , including an overheated Hong Kong stock market . Crashes occur in Thailand , Indonesia , South Korea , Philippines , and elsewhere , reaching a climax in the October 27 , 1997 mini-crash . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> October 27 , 1997 , mini-crash </Td> <Td> 000000001997 - 10 - 27 - 0000 27 Oct 1997 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Global stock market crash that was caused by an economic crisis in Asia . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 Russian financial crisis </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 08 - 17 - 0000 17 Aug 1998 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Russian government devalues the ruble , defaults on domestic debt , and declares a moratorium on payment to foreign creditors . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dot - com bubble </Td> <Td> 000000002000 - 03 - 10 - 0000 10 March 2000 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Collapse of a technology bubble . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks </Td> <Td> 000000002001 - 09 - 11 - 0000 11 Sep 2001 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The September 11 attacks caused global stock markets to drop sharply . The attacks themselves caused approximately $40 billion in insurance losses , making it one of the largest insured events ever . See world economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stock market downturn of 2002 </Td> <Td> 000000002002 - 10 - 09 - 0000 9 Oct 2002 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Downturn in stock prices during 2002 in stock exchanges across the United States , Canada , Asia , and Europe . After recovering from lows reached following the September 11 attacks , indices slid steadily starting in March 2002 , with dramatic declines in July and September leading to lows last reached in 1997 and 1998 . See stock market downturn of 2002 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinese stock bubble of 2007 </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 02 - 27 - 0000 27 Feb 2007 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The SSE Composite Index of the Shanghai Stock Exchange tumbles 9 % from unexpected selloffs , the largest drop in 10 years , triggering major drops in worldwide stock markets . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States bear market of 2007 -- 09 </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 10 - 11 - 0000 11 Oct 2007 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Till June 2009 , the Dow Jones Industrial Average , Nasdaq Composite and S&P 500 all experienced declines of greater than 20 % from their peaks in late 2007 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 </Td> <Td> 000000002008 - 09 - 16 - 0000 16 Sep 2008 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> On September 16 , 2008 , failures of large financial institutions in the United States , due primarily to exposure of securities of packaged subprime loans and credit default swaps issued to insure these loans and their issuers , rapidly devolved into a global crisis resulting in a number of bank failures in Europe and sharp reductions in the value of equities ( stock ) and commodities worldwide . The failure of banks in Iceland resulted in a devaluation of the Icelandic króna and threatened the government with bankruptcy . Iceland was able to secure an emergency loan from the IMF in November . Later on , U.S. President George W. Bush signs the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act into law , creating a Troubled Asset Relief Program ( TARP ) to purchase failing bank assets . Had disastrous effects on the world economy along with world trade . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 Dubai debt standstill </Td> <Td> 000000002009 - 11 - 27 - 0000 27 Nov 2009 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dubai requests a debt deferment following its massive renovation and development projects , as well as the Great Recession . The announcement causes global stock markets to drop . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> European sovereign debt crisis </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 04 - 27 - 0000 27 April 2010 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Standard & Poor 's downgrades Greece 's sovereign credit rating to junk four days after the activation of a € 45 - billion EU -- IMF bailout , triggering the decline of stock markets worldwide and of the Euro 's value , and furthering a European sovereign debt crisis . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 Flash Crash </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 05 - 06 - 0000 6 May 2010 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Dow Jones Industrial Average suffers its worst intra-day point loss , dropping nearly 1,000 points before partially recovering . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> August 2011 stock markets fall </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 08 - 01 - 0000 1 Aug 2011 </Td> <Td> <P> S&P 500 entered a short - lived bear market between 02nd May 2011 ( intraday high : 1,370.58 ) and 04th October 2011 ( intraday low : 1,074.77 ) , a decline of 21.58 % . The stock market rebounded thereafter and ended the year flat . </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 16 Chinese stock market crash </Td> <Td> 000000002015 - 06 - 12 - 0000 12 June 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> China stock market crash starts in June and continues into July and August . In January 2016 , Chinese stock market experiences a steep sell - off which sets off a global rout . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 16 stock market selloff </Td> <Td> 000000002015 - 08 - 18 - 0000 18 August 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Dow Jones fell 588 points during a two - day period , 1,300 points from August 18 -- 21 . On Monday , August 24 , world stock markets were down substantially , wiping out all gains made in 2015 , with interlinked drops in commodities such as oil , which hit a six - year price low , copper , and most of Asian currencies , but the Japanese yen , losing value against the United States dollar . With this plunge , an estimated ten trillion dollars had been wiped off the books on global markets since June 3 . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of recessions in the United States </Li> <Li> List of economic crises </Li> <Li> List of recessions in the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> Economic bubble </Li> <Li> List of banking crises </Li> <Li> List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` `` Kipper und Wipper '' : Rogue Traders , Rogue Princes , Rogue Bishops and the German Financial Meltdown of 1621 - 23 '' by Mike Dash , Smithsonian , March 29 , 2012 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dash , Mike `` Tulipomania : The Story of the World 's Most Coveted Flower & the Extraordinary Passions It Aroused '' 2001 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ James D. Henderson , Helen Delpar & Maurice P. Brungardt `` A Reference Guide to Latin American History '' Richard Weldon Editor -- M.E. Sharpe Inc. 2000 , ISBN I563247445 page 172 , 2nd column , `` 1890 '' ( 2nd paragraph ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jeffrey D. Needell ; `` A Tropical Belle Epoque : Elite Culture and Society in Turn - of - the - Century '' Cambridge University Press 1987 Pages 10 & 12 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gail D. Triner ; `` Banking and economic development : Brazil , 1889 -- 1930 '' Palgrave TM 2000 ISBN 0 - 312 - 23399 - X Pages 44 -- 74 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Viscount of Taunay ; `` O Encilhamento ; scenas contemporaneas da Bolsa do Rio de Janeiro em 1890 , 1891 e 1892 '' ( in Portuguese ) ( `` The Encilhamento : contemporary scenes of Rio Stock Exchange in 1890 , 1891 & 1892 '' ) Editora Melhoramentos , Rio 1893 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Back to the Future : Lessons From the Forgotten ' Flash Crash ' of 1962 '' ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gary Previts , Peter Walton & Peter Wolnizer `` A Global History of Accounting , Financial Reporting And Public Policy ; Americas -- Volume 14B '' The University of Sydney / The Accounting Foundation , Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2011 ISBN 978 - 0 - 85724 - 811 - 4 Page 41 , from the last paragraph </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Detailed PDF Archived 2012 - 12 - 03 at the Wayback Machine . Academic work about the subject ( in Portuguese ) UNICAMP june 2007 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Marta Barcellos & Simone Azevedo ; `` Histórias do Mercado de Capitais no Brasil '' ( `` Histories of Financial Markets in Brazil '' ) ( in Portuguese ) Campus Elsevier Brazil 2011 ISBN 85 - 352 - 3994 - 4 Introduction and Chapter 4 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Markham , Jeffrey W. `` A Financial History of the United States ; Volume III ( 1970 -- 2001 ) '' M.E. Sharpe 2002 ISBN 0 - 7656 - 0730 - 1 page 147 , from last paragraph </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Article Archived 2013 - 10 - 21 at the Wayback Machine . about the decline of Rio Stock Exchange . Last 3 paragraphs are about the 1989 crash </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barcellos & Azevedo 2011 , Pages 141 - 142 ; 149 to 151 , and 154 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chen , Shu - Ching Jean ; Kwok , Vivian Wai - yin ( 27 February 2007 ) . `` Black Tuesday In China '' . Forbes . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Share sale knocks Chinese market '' . BBC News . 27 February 2007 . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Han , Pliny ( 27 February 2007 ) . `` Chinese shares slump sharply , down 8.84 % '' . Xinhua News Agency . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Browning , E.S. ( 28 June 2008 ) . `` Dow Hits Bear - Market Territory , Signaling Woe for Economy '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Korkki , Phyllis ( 4 March 2007 ) . `` A Scary Tuesday Was No Black Monday '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` IMF approves $2.1 bn Iceland loan '' . BBC News . 20 November 2008 . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sahadi , Jeanne ( 4 October 2008 ) . `` Bailout is law '' . CNN . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Robertson , David ( 30 November 2009 ) . `` Investors face huge losses as debt - ridden Dubai World is abandoned by government '' . The Times . Retrieved 25 September 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Greek bonds rated ' junk ' by Standard & Poor 's '' . BBC News . 2010 - 04 - 27 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Greece crisis : Euro markets hit again '' . BBC News . 2010 - 04 - 28 . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Greece crisis deepens on global market

The last time the stock market crashed was on

When was the last time stock market crashed?

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intimidated by some gentile youths . One , Fyedka , protects her , dismissing the others . He offers Chava the loan of a book , and a secret relationship begins . </P> <P> The wedding day of Tzeitel and Motel arrives , and all the Jews join the ceremony ( `` Sunrise , Sunset '' ) and the celebration ( `` The Wedding Dance '' ) . Lazar gives a fine gift , but an argument arises with Tevye over the broken agreement . Perchik ends the tiff by breaking another tradition : he crosses the barrier between the men and women to dance with Tevye 's daughter Hodel . The celebration ends abruptly when a group of Russians rides into the village to perform the `` demonstration '' . They disrupt the party , damaging the wedding gifts and wounding Perchik , who attempts to fight back , and wreak more destruction in the village . Tevye instructs his family to clean up the mess . </P> <H3> Act ii ( edit ) </H3> Fiddler On the Roof by Lev Segal in Netanya , Israel <P> Months later , Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution . He proposes marriage , admitting that he loves her , and says that he will send for her . She agrees ( `` Now I Have Everything '' ) . They tell Tevye that they are engaged , and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match , especially as Perchik is leaving . When he forbids the marriage , Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission , only his blessing . After more soul searching , Tevye relents -- the world is changing , and he must change with it ( `` Tevye 's Rebuttal '' ) . He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission . </P> <P> Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde . `` Love , '' he says , `` it 's the new style . '' Tevye asks Golde , despite their own arranged marriage , `` Do You Love Me ? '' After dismissing Tevye 's question as foolish , she eventually admits that , after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters , she does . Meanwhile , Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka . News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia ( `` The Rumor / I Just Heard '' ) , and Hodel is determined to join him there . At the railway station , she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved , wherever he may be , although she will always love her family ( `` Far From the Home I Love '' ) . </P> <P> Time passes . Motel has purchased a used sewing machine , and he and Tzeitel have had a baby . Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka . Again Tevye reaches deep into his soul , but marriage outside the Jewish faith is a line he will not cross . He forbids Chava to speak to Fyedka again . When Golde brings news that Chava has eloped with Fyedka , Tevye wonders where he went wrong ( `` Chavaleh Sequence '' ) . Chava returns and tries to reason with him , but he refuses to speak to her and tells the rest of the family to consider her dead . Meanwhile , rumors are spreading of the Russians expelling Jews from their villages . While the villagers are gathered , the Constable arrives to tell everyone that they have three days to pack up and leave the town . In shock , they reminisce about `` Anatevka '' and how hard it will be to leave what has been their home for so long . </P> <P> As the Jews leave Anatevka , Chava and Fyedka stop to tell her family that they are also leaving for Kraków , unwilling to remain among the people who could do such things to others . Tevye still will not talk to her , but when Tzeitel says goodbye to Chava , Tevye prompts her to add `` God be with you . '' Motel and Tzeitel go to Poland as well but will join the rest of the family when they have saved up enough money . As Tevye , Golde and their two youngest daughters leave the village for America , the fiddler begins to play . Tevye beckons with a nod , and the fiddler follows them out of the village . </P> <H2> Musical numbers ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Act I </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> `` Prologue : Tradition '' -- Tevye and the Company </Li> <Li> `` Matchmaker , Matchmaker '' -- Tzeitel , Hodel and Chava </Li> <Li> `` If I Were a Rich Man '' -- Tevye </Li> <Li> `` Sabbath Prayer '' -- Tevye , Golde and the Company </Li> <Li> `` To Life '' -- Tevye , Lazar Wolf and the Company </Li> <Li> `` Tevye 's Monologue '' -- Tevye </Li> <Li> `` Miracle of Miracles '' -- Motel </Li> <Li> `` Tevye 's Dream '' -- Tevye , Golde , Grandma Tzeitel , Fruma - Sarah and the Company </Li> <Li> `` Sunrise , Sunset '' -- Tevye , Golde , Perchik , Hodel and the Company </Li> <Li> `` The Bottle Dance '' -- Instrumental </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Act II </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> `` Entr'acte '' -- Orchestra </Li> <Li> `` Now I Have Everything '' -- Perchik and Hodel </Li> <Li> `` Tevye 's Rebuttal '' -- Tevye </Li> <Li> `` Do You Love Me ? '' -- Tevye and Golde </Li> <Li> `` The Rumor / I Just Heard '' -- Yente and villagers § </Li> <Li> `` Far From the Home I Love '' -- Hodel </Li> <Li> `` Chavaleh ( Little Bird ) '' -- Tevye </Li> <Li> `` Anatevka '' -- The Company </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> § The 2004 revival featured a song for Yente and some women of the village ( Rivka and Mirala ) titled `` Topsy Turvy '' , discussing the disappearing role of the matchmaker in society . The number replaced `` The Rumor / I Just Heard '' . </P> <H2> Principal characters ( edit ) </H2> <P> All of the characters are Jewish , except as noted : </P> <Ul> <Li> Tevye , a poor milkman with five daughters . A firm supporter of the traditions of his faith , he finds many of his convictions tested by the actions of his three oldest daughters . </Li> <Li> Golde , Tevye 's sharp - tongued wife . </Li> <Li> Tzeitel , their oldest daughter , about nineteen . She loves her childhood friend Motel and marries him , even though he 's poor , begging her father not to force her to marry Lazar Wolf . </Li> <Li> Hodel , their daughter , about seventeen . Intelligent and spirited , she falls in love with Perchik and later joins him in Siberia . </Li> <Li> Chava , their daughter , about fifteen . A shy book lover , who falls in love with Fyedka . </Li> <Li> Shprintze , their daughter , about twelve . </Li> <Li> Bielke , their youngest daughter , about nine . </Li> <Li> Motel Kamzoil , a poor but hardworking tailor who loves , and later marries , Tzeitel . </Li> <Li> Perchik , a scholar and Bolshevik revolutionary who comes to Anatevka and falls in love with Hodel . He leaves for Kiev and is exiled to Siberia . </Li> <Li> Fyedka , a young Christian man . He shares Chava 's passion for reading and is outraged by the Russians ' treatment of the Jews . </Li> <Li> Lazar Wolf , the wealthy village butcher . Widower of Fruma - Sarah . Attempts to arrange a marriage for himself to Tzeitel . </Li> <Li> Yente , the gossipy village matchmaker who matches Tzeitel and Lazar . </Li> <Li> Fruma - Sarah , Lazar Wolf 's dead wife , who rises from the grave in Tevye 's `` nightmare '' . </Li> <Li> Grandma Tzeitel , Golde 's dead grandmother , also featured in the `` nightmare '' . </Li> <Li> Mordcha , the innkeeper . </Li> <Li> Rabbi , the wise village rabbi . </Li> <Li> Constable , a Christian man ; the head of the local Russian police . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Productions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Original productions ( edit ) </H3> Zero Mostel as Tevye in the original Broadway production , 1964 <P> Following its tryout at Detroit 's Fisher Theatre in July and August 1964 , then Washington in August to September , the original Broadway production opened on September 22 , 1964 , at the Imperial Theatre , transferred in 1967 to the Majestic Theatre and in 1970 to The Broadway Theatre , and ran for a record - setting total of 3,242 performances . The production was directed and choreographed by Robbins -- his last original Broadway staging . The set , designed in the style of Marc Chagall 's paintings , was by Boris Aronson . A colorful logo for the production , also inspired by Chagall 's work , was designed by Tom Morrow . Chagall reportedly did not like the musical . </P> <P> The cast included Zero Mostel as Tevye the milkman , Maria Karnilova as his wife Golde ( each of whom won a Tony for their performances ) , Beatrice Arthur as Yente the matchmaker , Austin Pendleton as Motel , Bert Convy as Perchik the student revolutionary , Gino Conforti as the fiddler , and Julia Migenes as Hodel . Mostel ad - libbed increasingly as the run went on , `` which drove the authors up the wall . '' Joanna Merlin originated the role of Tzeitel , which was later assumed by Bette Midler during the original run . Carol Sawyer was Fruma Sarah , Adrienne Barbeau took a turn as Hodel , and Pia Zadora played the youngest daughter , Bielke . Both Peg Murray and Dolores Wilson made extended appearances as Golde , while other stage actors who have played Tevye include Herschel Bernardi , Theodore Bikel and Harry Goz ( in the original Broadway run ) , and Leonard Nimoy . Mostel 's understudy in the original production , Paul Lipson , went on to appear as Tevye in more performances than any other actor ( until Chaim Topol ) , clocking over 2,000 performances in the role in the original run and several revivals . Florence Stanley took over the role of Yente nine months into the run . The production earned $1,574 for every dollar invested in it . It was nominated for ten Tony Awards , winning nine , including Best Musical , score , book , direction and choreography , and acting awards for Mostel and Karnilova . </P> <P> The original London West End production opened on February 16 , 1967 , at Her Majesty 's Theatre and played for 2,030 performances . It starred Topol as Tevye , a role he had previously played in Tel Aviv , and Miriam Karlin as Golde . Alfie Bass , Lex Goudsmit and Barry Martin eventually took over as Tevye . Topol later played Tevye in the 1971 film adaptation , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award , and in several revivals over the next four decades . The show was revived in London for short seasons in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre and in 1994 at the London Palladium . </P> <H3> Broadway revivals ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first Broadway revival opened on December 28 , 1976 , and ran for 176 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre . Zero Mostel starred as Tevye . Robbins directed and choreographed . A second

In the musical Fiddler on the Roof, the song "Far from the Home I Love" is sung by

Who sings far from the home i love in fiddler on the roof?

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Billy Do n't be a Hero - wikipedia <H1> Billy Do n't be a Hero </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Paper Lace </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Paper Lace ( US version ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Celia '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Mercury </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mitch Murray , Peter Callander </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mitch Murray , Peter Callander </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Paper Lace singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Night Chicago Died '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Night Chicago Died '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Billy , Do n't Be a Hero '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Do n't Ever Look Back '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> ABC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mitch Murray , Peter Callander </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Steve Barri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Deeper and Deeper '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` Billy , Do n't Be a Hero '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` Who Do You Think You Are '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Deeper and Deeper '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` Who Do You Think You Are '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' is a 1974 pop song that was first a UK hit for Paper Lace and then , some months later , a US hit for Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods . The song was written and composed by two British songwriters , Mitch Murray and Peter Callander . </P> <P> Because the song was released in 1974 , it was associated by some listeners with the Vietnam War , though the war to which it actually refers is never identified in the lyrics . It has been suggested that the drum pattern , references to a marching band leading soldiers in blue , and `` riding out '' ( cavalry ) refer to the American Civil War . However the drum beat and cavalry `` riding out '' is not specific to the American Civil War , and blue uniforms were common in the 19th century . That being said , Paper Lace themselves performed the song on Top of the Pops wearing Union - style uniforms , as can be seen on YouTube . </P> <P> A young woman is distraught that her fiancé chooses to enlist with Army recruiters passing through the town , causing her to implore him : </P> <P> Billy , do n't be a hero , Do n't be a fool with your life Billy , do n't be a hero , Come back and make me your wife And as he started to go , she said , ' Billy keep your head low ' Billy , do n't be a hero , Come back to me . </P> <P> The song goes on to describe how Billy is killed in action in a pitched battle after volunteering to ride out and seek reinforcements . ( This suggests mounted infantry and a lack of modern two - way radio communications . ) In the end , the heartbroken woman throws away the official letter notifying her of Billy 's `` heroic '' death . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chart performances <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Paper Lace version </Li> <Li> 1.2 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 1.3 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 1.4 Bo Donaldson & the Heywoods version </Li> <Li> 1.5 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 1.6 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Use in media </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Chart performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> Paper Lace 's version of `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 16 March 1974 , and did likewise in Australia , where it spent eight weeks at the top spot . Thereafter , Bo Donaldson 's and the Heywoods 's version reached number one in the U.S. on the Billboard Hot 100 on 15 June 1974 , and number one in Canada on 7 July . The US version sold over three and a half million copies , and was awarded a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. in June 1974 . Donaldson 's and the Heywoods 's version was a massive hit in North America , but it remained largely unknown elsewhere as of late July 2017 . Billboard ranked it as the No. 21 song for 1974 . </P> <H3> Paper Lace version ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia KMR </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Listener ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK ( OCC ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 96 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Bo Donaldson & the Heywoods version ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Use in media ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is mentioned as having played on K - Billy 's Super Sounds of the ' 70s Weekend in the film Reservoir Dogs . </P> <P> The song features in the 1993 film The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert . </P> <P> The Mystery Science Theater 3000 characters often use the line `` Billy , do n't be a hero ! '' when riffing on movies , one example being the episode The Creeping Terror . </P> <P> In the first episode of Friends , Ross ( David Schwimmer ) is sad because it has been so long since he last picked up a woman , saying , `` Do the words ' Billy , Do n't Be a Hero ' mean anything to you ? '' </P> <P> Massive Attack 's 1991 track `` Blue Lines '' ( from the album of the same name ) features the lyrics `` take a walk , Billy , do n't be a hero . '' </P> <P> In Walk Hard : The Dewey Cox Story , the song is briefly heard during a montage in a disco cover by Dewey Cox ( John C. Reilly ) performing on rollerblades during `` The Dewey Cox Show . '' A much longer cut of this scene can be seen in the director 's cut , and the whole performance was included in the extras for the 2 - Disc editions . </P> <P> In The Powerpuff Girls , the leader of the Gang Green Gang , Ace , says to another member , Billy , `` Billy , do n't be a hero ! '' when he decides to save the Powerpuff Girls from a subway train . </P> <P> In The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack , the episode `` K'nuckles , Do n't Be a Hero '' is named after the song . </P> <P> In The Justice Friends ( Cartoon Network , 1996 ) , Major Glory says `` Billy , do n't be a hero ! '' to William , Valhallen 's pet goat , when it jumps to save Krunk from the attack of Valhallen 's living clothes . </P> <P> In an episode of ALF , the title character , Gordon `` Alf '' Shumway ( voice by Paul Fusco ) , uses the line `` Willie , do n't be a hero , do n't be a fool with your life , '' referring to the head of the household , Wille Tanner ( Max Wright ) , after Willie comes up with a bad idea . </P> <P> The Doug Anthony Allstars performed a comedic cover of this song , featuring the altered line , `` Where did Billy 's head go ? '' in place of `` Billy , keep your head low . '' </P> <P> Dav Pilkey , creator of Captain Underpants , named the hero of The Adventures of Super Diaper Baby Billy solely to make possible a passing homage to `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero . '' Since then , the `` Billy Do n't Be a Hero '' homage has been applied to other characters whose names rhyme with `` Billy '' in several Captain Underpants spin - off comics . </P> <P> In the season 4 episode of Dinosaurs , the episode title was referenced , `` Earl , Do n't Be A Hero . '' </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of anti-war songs </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 298 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Irish Charts -- Search Results -- Billy , Do n't Be a Hero '' . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved June 22 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand , 8 June 1974 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up

The song "Billy Don't Be a Hero" was released in

When did billy don't be a hero come out?

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List of the Jungle Book characters - wikipedia <H1> List of the Jungle Book characters </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Mowgli attacking Shere Khan : detail from a clay bas - relief by John Lockwood Kipling , father of Rudyard Kipling , from `` The Works of Rudyard Kipling '' Vol . VII : The Jungle Book , 1907 . <P> This is a list of characters that appear in Rudyard Kipling 's Jungle Book story collection , its sequel The Second Jungle Book , and the various film adaptations based on those books . Characters include both human and talking animal characters . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Mowgli stories </Li> <Li> 2 Other stories </Li> <Li> 3 Disney adaptations </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Mowgli stories ( edit ) </H2> Tabaqui the golden jackal ( left ) torments Father Wolf and his family , as illustrated the 1895 edition of The Two Jungle Books . Mowgli made leader of the Bandar Log by John Charles Dollman , 1903 <Ul> <Li> Mowgli ( मोगली Maogalī ; feral child ) - Also referred to as `` Man Cub '' . </Li> <Li> Jungle characters - The following characters reside in the jungle . <Ul> <Li> Seeonee Wolf Pack <Ul> <Li> Akela ( अकेला Akēlā , `` alone '' ; Indian wolf ) - The leader of the wolf pack . </Li> <Li> Raksha ( रक्षा Rakṣā , `` protection '' ; Indian wolf ) - Also called Mother Wolf , she is Mowgli 's adoptive mother </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Baloo ( भालू Bhālū , `` bear '' ; Himalayan brown bear ) - Mowgli 's best friend . In Kipling 's book , he is described as a sleepy old brown bear , who teaches Mowgli the law of the jungle . </Li> <Li> Bagheera ( बघीरा Baghīrā ; بگیڑہ Bagīrah , `` black panther '' ; black panther variety of Indian leopard ) - Mowgli 's mentor . </Li> <Li> Bandar - log ( बन्दर - लोग Bandar - lōg , `` monkey - folks '' ; grey langurs ) - A group of monkeys who are treated as pariahs for their scatterbrained anarchy . They kidnap the very young Mowgli , who is rescued by Bagheera , Baloo , and Kaa . </Li> <Li> Kaa ( का Kā ; Indian rock python ) - Mowgli 's wise mentor and friend , though also feared throughout the jungle for his mesmerising `` hunger dance '' . </Li> <Li> Hathi ( हाथी Hāthī , `` Elephant '' ; Indian elephant ) - The leader of the jungle 's elephants and the individual called `` The True Master of The Jungle '' . </Li> <Li> Tabaqui ( तंबाकूवी Taṃbākūvī ; `` Dish - Licking Dog '' ; golden jackal ) - He feeds on scraps from either Shere Khan or the wolves of the Seeonee Pack . In some adaptations , he is a hyena . Tabaqui is the only friend of Shere Khan as well as Shere Khan 's spy and messenger . He is killed by Grey Brother after the Grey Brother interrogates him into admitting both what Shere Khan plans to do and where and then crushes the jackal 's back in `` Tiger ! Tiger ! '' . </Li> <Li> Shere Khan ( शेर खान شیر خان ( Śēr Khān , `` Tiger King '' ( `` Khan '' is a common title of Indian Muslim lordship and royalty ) ; Bengal tiger ) , - A man - eating Royal Bengal Tiger who is the main villain and the archenemy of Mowgli . He is often known as `` a chief among tigers '' and in multiple adaptations as the one called `` The King of Tigers '' . Despite being born with a withered leg and derisively nicknamed `` Lungri '' ( `` The Lame One '' ) by his own mother , Shere Khan is aggressive , arrogant , self - centered , and sees himself as the rightful lord of the jungle . Tabaqui is his only friend . He has a very serious anger issue . </Li> <Li> Chil ( चील Cīl , `` kite '' ; brahminy kite ) , in earlier editions called Rann ( रण Raṇ , `` battle '' ) - A kite that serves as a messenger . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Human characters - The following characters are known humans . <Ul> <Li> Messua - The wife of the richest man of the human village , who decides to adopt the wild Mowgli , believing that he is their long - lost son Nathoo . </Li> <Li> Messua 's husband - An unnamed man who is the richest man of the village . </Li> <Li> Nathoo ( नत्थू Natthū ) - The long - lost son of Messua and her husband , who has been snatched by a tiger . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Other stories ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` Rikki - Tikki - Tavi '' <Ul> <Li> Rikki - Tikki - Tavi ( mongoose ) </Li> <Li> Nag and Nagaina ( cobras ) - `` Nag '' is the Hindi word for `` cobra . '' </Li> <Li> Darzee ( tailorbird ) - `` Darzee '' means tailor in Hindi . </Li> <Li> Chuchundra ( Asian house shrew ) - Called a muskrat in the story . </Li> <Li> Karait ( common krait ) </Li> <Li> The Coppersmith ( coppersmith barbet ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> `` The White Seal '' <Ul> <Li> Kotick ( albino seal ) </Li> <Li> Sea Catch ( northern fur seal ) </Li> <Li> Matkah ( northern fur seal ) </Li> <Li> Sea Vitch ( walrus ) </Li> <Li> Sea Cow ( Steller 's sea cow ) </Li> <Li> Burgomaster Gull ( species ) ( same as Glaucous gull ) </Li> <Li> Limmershin , the Winter Wren </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> `` Toomai of the Elephants '' <Ul> <Li> Toomai </Li> <Li> Kala Nag ( elephant ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> `` Her Majesty 's Servants '' <Ul> <Li> Two - Tails ( elephant ) </Li> <Li> Billy ( battery - mule ) </Li> <Li> Vixen ( a small dog ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> `` The Undertakers '' <Ul> <Li> The Jackal ( Golden jackal ) </Li> <Li> The Adjutant ( Lesser adjutant stork , erroneously referred to as a crane ) </Li> <Li> Mugger of Mugger - Ghaut ( Mugger crocodile ) </Li> <Li> The Gavial ( Gharial ) - The Mugger 's cousin . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Disney adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following characters appear in the Disney adaptions : </P> <Ul> <Li> King Louie - The orangutan who leads the Bandar - log . In the 2016 film , he is a Gigantopithecus . He is voiced by Louis Prima in the first movie , Jim Cummings in TaleSpin , Jason Marsden in Season One of Jungle Cubs , Cree Summer in Season Two of Jungle Cubs , and Christopher Walken in the 2016 film . </Li> <Li> Winifred - Colonel Hathi 's wife and the mother of Hathi Jr. who serves as Hathi 's second - in - command of the Jungle Patrol . She is voiced by Verna Felton in the first movie and by Kath Soucie in `` Jungle Cubs . '' </Li> <Li> Hathi Jr . - The baby elephant who is the son of Hathi and Winifred and is a good friend of Mowgli . He is voiced by Clint Howard in the first movie and by Jimmy Bennett in The Jungle Book 2 . </Li> <Li> Flunkey - King Louie 's monkey servant and right hand - man . He is voiced by Leo De Lyon in the first film and by Jim Cummings in The Jungle Book 2 . </Li> <Li> Buzzie , Dizzy , Flaps , and Ziggy the Vultures - They are four vultures who closely resemble the Beatles because of their shaggy moptop haircuts and Liverpool accents . Buzzie resembles Ringo Starr , Dizzy resembles George Harrison , Flaps resembles Paul McCartney , and Ziggy resembles John Lennon . Their song `` That 's What Friends Are For '' was sung in the style of a barbershop quartet instead of a Beatles song . Disney was originally going to have The Beatles voice them , but John Lennon refused the offer . Buzzie was voiced by J. Pat O'Malley in the first film and by Jim Cummings in The Jungle Book 2 . Dizzy is voiced by Lord Tim Hudson in the first film and by Baron Davis in The Jungle Book 2 . Flaps is voiced by Chad Stuart in the first film and by Jeff Bennett in The Jungle Book 2 . Ziggy is voiced by Digby Wolfe in the first film and by Jess Harnell in The Jungle Book 2 . </Li> <Li> Shanti ( named only in The Jungle Book 2 ) - The girl whose song `` My Own Home '' lured Mowgli into the Man Village in the 1967 film . Shanti later serves as his closest human friend / love interest in the sequel . Shanti is voiced by Darleen Carr in the first film and by Mae Whitman in The Jungle Book 2 . </Li> <Li> Ranjan ( The Jungle Book 2 ) - Mowgli 's adopted younger brother . He is depicted as the son of Messua and her husband . Ranjan is voiced by Connor Funk . </Li> <Li> Lucky ( The Jungle Book 2 ) - The vultures ' friend who loves teasing Shere Kahn as seen in The Jungle Book 2 . He is voiced by Phil Collins . </Li> <Li> Rocky the Rhino - Rocky is an Indian rhinoceros . In the earlier production of the first film , Rocky was to appear in the same scene as the Vultures where he would 've been voiced by Frank Fontaine . Unfortunately , his part got scrapped . Rocky did appear in the 2016 film voiced by Russell Peters where he was among the animals observing the Water Truce . After telling Mowgli to watch himself after being backed into him upon being accidentally pricked by Ikki 's quills , Rocky tells Raquel that Mowgli is a man - cub . </Li> <Li> Raquel the Rhino ( 2016 film ) - The daughter of Rocky the Rhino . She is voiced by Madeleine Favreau . </Li> <Li> Fred the Pygmy Hog ( 2016 film ) - A pygmy hog who is one of the neighbors and friends of Baloo . He was voiced by Jon Favreau . </Li> <Li> Giant Squirrel ( 2016 film ) - An Indian giant squirrel who is one of the neighbors and friends of Baloo . The Giant Squirrel was the one who supported Baloo 's claim to Mowgli that the honey works to soothe the bee stings . He was voiced by Sam Raimi . </Li> <Li> Pangolin ( 2016 film ) - An Indian pangolin who is one of the neighbors and friends of Baloo . No voice actor was credited for this role . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ see http://www.shabdkosh.com/en2hi/search.php?ts=1221774293378&e= शेर -- according to Erika Klemm : Hindi - deutsches Wörterbuch ( Leipzig 1971 ) शेर means `` lion '' or `` tiger '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Lost Character : Rocky the Rhino '' , The Jungle Book Platinum Edition Disc 1 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Jungle Book characters . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Rudyard Kipling 's The Jungle Book </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Books </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Jungle Book ( 1894 ) </Li> <Li> The Second Jungle Book ( 1895 ) </Li> <Li> All the Mowgli Stories ( 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mowgli stories </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Mowgli 's Brothers '' </Li> <Li>

Mowgli's main enemy in The Jungle Book is

Who is mowgli's main enemy in the jungle book?

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American Revolution - wikipedia <H1> American Revolution </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about political and social developments , and the origin and aftermath of the war . For military actions , see American Revolutionary War . For other uses , see American Revolution ( disambiguation ) . In this article , inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies who supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as `` Americans '' or `` Patriots , '' and sometimes as `` Whigs , '' `` Rebels , '' or `` Revolutionaries . '' Colonists who supported the British side are called `` Loyalists '' or `` Tories '' . In accordance with the policy of this encyclopedia , this article uses American English terminology . John Trumbull 's Declaration of Independence , showing the Committee of Five presenting its plan for independence to Congress on June 28 , 1776 <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revolution </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Types ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Colour </Li> <Li> Communist </Li> <Li> Democratic </Li> <Li> Nonviolent </Li> <Li> Permanent </Li> <Li> Political </Li> <Li> Proletarian </Li> <Li> Social </Li> <Li> Wave </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Methods ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Boycott </Li> <Li> Civil disobedience </Li> <Li> Civil war </Li> <Li> Class conflict </Li> <Li> Coup d'état </Li> <Li> Demonstration </Li> <Li> Guerrilla warfare </Li> <Li> Insurgency </Li> <Li> Nonviolent resistance </Li> <Li> Protest </Li> <Li> Rebellion </Li> <Li> Revolutionary terror </Li> <Li> Samizdat </Li> <Li> Strike action </Li> <Li> Tax resistance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Causes ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Authoritarianism </Li> <Li> Autocracy </Li> <Li> Capitalism </Li> <Li> Collaborationism </Li> <Li> Colonialism </Li> <Li> Communism </Li> <Li> Cronyism </Li> <Li> Despotism </Li> <Li> Dictatorship </Li> <Li> Discrimination </Li> <Li> Economic depression </Li> <Li> Economic inequality </Li> <Li> Electoral fraud </Li> <Li> Famine </Li> <Li> Fascism </Li> <Li> Feudalism </Li> <Li> Imperialism </Li> <Li> Military occupation </Li> <Li> Monarchy </Li> <Li> Natural disaster </Li> <Li> Nepotism </Li> <Li> Persecution </Li> <Li> Political corruption </Li> <Li> Political repression </Li> <Li> Poverty </Li> <Li> Totalitarianism </Li> <Li> Unemployment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Examples ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Commercial Revolution </Li> <Li> Industrial Revolution </Li> <Li> English Revolution </Li> <Li> Atlantic Revolutions </Li> <Li> American Revolution </Li> <Li> French Revolution </Li> <Li> Haitian Revolution </Li> <Li> Serbian Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1820 </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1830 </Li> <Li> Belgian Revolution </Li> <Li> Texas Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1848 </Li> <Li> Hungarian Revolution of 1848 </Li> <Li> Philippine Revolution </Li> <Li> Persian Constitutional Revolution </Li> <Li> Young Turk Revolution </Li> <Li> Mexican Revolution </Li> <Li> Xinhai Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1917 -- 23 </Li> <Li> Russian Revolution </Li> <Li> German Revolution of 1918 -- 19 </Li> <Li> Spanish Revolution of 1936 </Li> <Li> Guatemalan Revolution </Li> <Li> Chinese Communist Revolution </Li> <Li> Hungarian Revolution of 1956 </Li> <Li> Cuban Revolution </Li> <Li> Rwandan Revolution </Li> <Li> Cultural Revolution </Li> <Li> Nicaraguan Revolution </Li> <Li> Iranian Revolution </Li> <Li> Saur Revolution </Li> <Li> People Power Revolution </Li> <Li> Carnation Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1989 </Li> <Li> Velvet Revolution </Li> <Li> Romanian Revolution </Li> <Li> Singing Revolution </Li> <Li> Bolivarian Revolution </Li> <Li> Bulldozer Revolution </Li> <Li> Rose Revolution </Li> <Li> Orange Revolution </Li> <Li> Tulip Revolution </Li> <Li> Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010 </Li> <Li> Arab Spring </Li> <Li> Tunisian Revolution </Li> <Li> Yemeni Revolution </Li> <Li> Euromaidan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Politics portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783 . The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain , becoming the United States of America . They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others . </P> <P> Members of American colonial society argued the position of `` no taxation without representation '' , starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 . They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked representation in Parliament . Protests steadily escalated to the burning of the Gaspee in Rhode Island in 1772 , followed by the Boston Tea Party in 1773 , during which patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea . The British responded by closing Boston Harbor , then followed with a series of legislative acts which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony 's rights of self - government and caused the other colonies to rally behind Massachusetts . In late 1774 , the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain ; other colonists preferred to remain aligned to the British Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories . </P> <P> Tensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the British attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord in April 1775 . The conflict then developed into a global war , during which the Patriots ( and later their French , Spanish , and Dutch allies ) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 83 ) . Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism , and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington . The Continental Congress determined King George 's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists ' rights as Englishmen , and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2 , 1776 . The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy , and they proclaimed that all men are created equal . </P> <P> The Continental Army forced the British out of Boston in 1776 , but the British captured and held New York City for the duration of the war . The British blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods , but they failed to defeat Washington 's forces . The Patriots unsuccessfully attempted to invade Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76 , but they captured a British army at the Battle of Saratoga in late 1777 , and the French entered the war as allies of the United States as a result . The war later turned to the American South where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at South Carolina but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory . A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in 1781 , effectively ending the war in the United States . The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the conflict , confirming the new nation 's complete separation from the British Empire . The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes , with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida . </P> <P> Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of a new Constitution of the United States . The new Constitution established a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive , a national judiciary , and a bicameral Congress that represented states in the Senate and the population in the House of Representatives . The Revolution also resulted in the migration of around 60,000 Loyalists to other British territories , especially British North America ( Canada ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1651 -- 1748 : Early seeds </Li> <Li> 1.2 1764 -- 1766 : Taxes imposed and withdrawn </Li> <Li> 1.3 1767 -- 1773 : Townshend Acts and the Tea Act </Li> <Li> 1.4 1774 -- 1775 : Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Act </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Military hostilities begin </Li> <Li> 3 Creating new state constitutions </Li> <Li> 4 Independence and Union </Li> <Li> 5 Defending the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 5.1 British return : 1776 -- 1777 </Li> <Li> 5.2 Prisoners </Li> <Li> 5.3 American alliances after 1778 </Li> <Li> 5.4 The British move South , 1778 -- 1783 <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Surrender at Yorktown ( 1781 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.5 The end of the war </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Peace treaty <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Impact on Britain </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Finance </Li> <Li> 8 Concluding the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Creating a `` more perfect union '' and guaranteeing rights </Li> <Li> 8.2 National debt </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Ideology and factions <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Ideology behind the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 1 Liberalism </Li> <Li> 9.1. 2 Republicanism <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 2.1 Fusing republicanism and liberalism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.1. 3 Impact of Great Awakening </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.2 Class and psychology of the factions </Li> <Li> 9.3 King George III </Li> <Li> 9.4 Patriots </Li> <Li> 9.5 Loyalists </Li> <Li> 9.6 Neutrals </Li> <Li> 9.7 Role of women </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Other participants <Ul> <Li> 10.1 France </Li> <Li> 10.2 Spain </Li> <Li> 10.3 American Indians </Li> <Li> 10.4 Black Americans </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Effects of the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Loyalist expatriation </Li> <Li> 11.2 Interpretations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Inspiring all colonies </Li> <Li> 11.4 Status of American women </Li> <Li> 11.5 Status of African Americans </Li> <Li> 11.6 Memory </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Notes </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Bibliography <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Reference works </Li> <Li> 15.2 Surveys of the era </Li> <Li> 15.3 Specialized studies </Li> <Li> 15.4 Historiography </Li> <Li> 15.5 Primary sources </Li> <Li> 15.6 Contemporary sources : Annual Register </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin </H2> See also : Thirteen Colonies Eastern North America in 1775 . The British Province of Quebec , the Thirteen Colonies on the Atlantic coast , and the Indian Reserve as defined by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 . The 1763 `` Proclamation line '' comprises the border between the red and the pink areas , while the orange area represents the Spanish claim . <P> Historians typically begin their histories of the American Revolution with the British coalition victory in the Seven Years ' War in 1763 . The North American theater of the Seven Years ' War , commonly known as the French and Indian War in the United States , removed France as a major player in North American affairs and led to the cession of the territory of New France to Great Britain . Lawrence Henry Gipson , the historian of the British Empire , states : </P> <Dl> <Dd> It may be said as truly that the American Revolution was an aftermath of the Anglo - French conflict in the New World carried on between 1754 and 1763 . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The Royal Proclamation of 1763 may have played a role in the separation of the United States from Great Britain , as colonists at the time wanted to continue in the economically beneficial cultural practice of taking land for one 's own livelihood as part of the drive west . The lands west of Quebec and west of a line running along the crest of the Allegheny mountains became Indian territory , temporarily barred to settlement . </P> <H3> 1651 -- 1748 : early seeds </H3> Main articles : Navigation Acts , Dominion of New England , King Philip 's War , and War of the Austrian Succession <P> As early as 1651 , the English government had sought to regulate trade in the American colonies . On October 9 , the Navigation Acts were passed to ensure that trade enriched only Britain , barring trade with other nations . Some argue that the economic impact was minimal on the colonists , but the political friction which the acts triggered was more

The tradition of self-government in America began in

When did the tradition of self government began in america?

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mother </Li> <Li> Maxine Peake as Elaine Mason , Stephen 's second wife </Li> <Li> Harry Lloyd as Brian , Hawking 's room - mate </Li> <Li> Guy Oliver - Watts as George Wilde , Jane 's father </Li> <Li> Abigail Cruttenden as Isobel Hawking , Stephen 's mother </Li> <Li> Charlotte Hope as Phillipa Hawking , Stephen 's sister </Li> <Li> Lucy Chappell as Mary Hawking , Stephen 's sister </Li> <Li> Christian McKay as Roger Penrose </Li> <Li> Enzo Cilenti as Kip Thorne </Li> <Li> Georg Nikoloff as Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov </Li> <Li> Alice Orr - Ewing as Diana King , sister of Basil King , Stephen 's friend </Li> <Li> Stephen Hawking provides his own , Equaliser - computerised voice </Li> <Li> Frank Leboeuf as Swiss doctor </Li> <Li> Michael Marcus as Ellis , Hawking 's friend </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> `` That 's really the essence of the story , it 's a very unusual love story in a very strange environment , a very strange sort of landscape , and that is I think the abiding theme of the film . It is how these two characters , these two real people transcend all the complications and curveballs that life throws at them . '' <P> -- James Marsh , speaking of the film 's nature </P> <P> The title `` The Theory of Everything '' had been used before , inter alia , the title of a fictitious book mentioned in Andy Hamilton 's 1995 - 2012 BBC radio series , `` Old Harry 's Game '' , a 2006 TV film , and a 2008 episode of `` CSI : Crime Scene Investigation '' . Screenwriter Anthony McCarten had been interested in Hawking since reading his seminal book A Brief History of Time in 1988 . In 2004 , McCarten read Jane Hawking 's memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen , and subsequently began writing a screenplay adaptation of the book , with no guarantees in place . He met numerous times with Jane at her home to discuss the project . After multiple drafts , he was introduced in 2009 to producer Lisa Bruce via their mutual ICM agent , Craig Bernstein . </P> <P> Bruce spent three years with McCarten , further convincing Jane Hawking to agree to a film adaptation of her book , with Bruce stating , `` It was a lot of conversation , many glasses of sherry , and many pots of tea '' . On 18 April 2013 , James Marsh was confirmed to direct the film , with the shooting being based in Cambridge , and at other locations in the United Kingdom , with Eddie Redmayne courted to fill the male lead of the piece . On 23 June 2013 , it was revealed that Felicity Jones was confirmed to play the film 's female lead role opposite Redmayne . On 8 October 2013 , it was confirmed that Emily Watson and David Thewlis had joined the cast , Christina Applegate , Kate del Castillo , Catherine Tate , and Amanda Peet were considered for the part , and that Working Title 's Tim Bevan , Eric Fellner , Lisa Bruce , and Anthony McCarten would be producing the piece . </P> <P> Filmmaker Marsh had studied archival images to give the film its authenticity , stating , `` When we had photographs and documentary footage of Stephen that related to our story , we tried to reproduce them as best we could '' . Redmayne met with Hawking himself , commenting , `` Even now , when he 's unable to move , you can still see such effervescence in his eyes '' . And described portraying Hawking on - screen as a `` hefty '' challenge , adding that , `` The real problem with making a film is of course you do n't shoot chronologically . So it was about having to really try and chart his physical deterioration ( so ) you can jump into it day - to - day , whilst at the same time keeping this spark and wit and humour that he has '' . </P> <P> Redmayne spent six months researching Hawking 's life , watching every piece of interview footage he could find of him . He studied Hawking 's accent and speech patterns under dialect coach Julia Wilson - Dickson to prepare for the role . Marsh stated that what Redmayne had to do was not easy . `` He had to take on enormous amounts of difficult preparation , as well as embracing the difficult physicality of the role . It 's not just doing a disability . It 's actually charting the course of an illness that erodes the body , and the mind has to project out from that erosion '' , he said . He added that Hawking gave him his blessing , and also revealed that , `` ( Hawking 's ) response was very positive , so much so that he offered to lend his voice , the real voice that he uses . The voice you hear in the latter part of the story is in fact Stephen 's actual electronic voice as he uses it '' , he said . It was revealed to the Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) audience that as the lights came up at a recent screening , a nurse had wiped a tear from Hawking 's cheek . </P> <P> Jane Hawking , speaking on BBC Radio 4 's Woman 's Hour , talked of meeting Jones several times while the latter prepared for the role . When Hawking saw the finished film , she was amazed to see that Jones had incorporated her mannerisms and speech patterns into her performance . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> Part of the filming in Cambridge took place at St John 's College <P> By 8 October 2013 , principal photography had begun , with the shooting being done at Cambridge University , and at other locations in Cambridgeshire and across the United Kingdom . Prior to the start of principal photography , Working Title had begun shooting on the lawn in front of the New Court building from 23 September 2013 to 27 September 2013 ; they filmed the Cambridge May Ball scene , set in 1963 . On 24 September 2013 , scenes were filmed at St John 's College , The Backs in Queen 's Road , and Queen 's Green . The New Court lawn and Kitchen Bridge were included features in the filming location of the piece . The May Ball scene was the last of the outside shoots , with filming in a lecture theatre the following day , and the remaining filming completed in the studio over the final five weeks of production . </P> <P> The pyrotechnic specialists Titanium Fireworks , who developed the displays for the London 2012 Olympic Games , provided three identical firework displays for the Trinity College , Cambridge May Ball scene . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson scored The Theory of Everything . His score in the film has been described as including `` ( Jóhannsson 's ) signature blend of acoustic instruments and electronics '' . Jóhannsson commented that `` it always involves the layers of live recordings , whether it 's orchestra or a band or solo instrument , with electronics and more ' soundscapey ' elements which can come from various sources '' . The soundtrack was recorded at Abbey Road Studios . </P> <H3> Post-production ( edit ) </H3> <P> During editing , filmmakers tried to remake Hawking 's synthesised voice , but it did not turn out as they wanted . Hawking enjoyed the film enough that he granted them permission to use his own synthesised voice , which is heard in the final film . </P> <H2> Historical accuracy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film takes various dramatic liberties with the history it portrays . Writing for the film blog of UK daily newspaper The Guardian , Michelle Dean noted : `` The Theory of Everything 's marketing materials will tell you it is based on Jane Hawking 's memoir of her marriage , a book published in the UK as Music to Move the Stars , and then re-issued as Travelling to Infinity . But the screenwriters rearranged the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions . And while that always happens in these based - on - a-true - story films , the scale of the departure in The Theory of Everything is unusually wide . The film becomes almost dishonest -- in a way that feels unfair to both parties , and oddly , particularly Jane Hawking herself '' . In Slate , L.V. Anderson wrote that `` the Stephen played by Eddie Redmayne is far gentler and more sensitive '' than suggested in Travelling to Infinity . The Slate article further noted that the character Brian , Hawking 's closest friend at Cambridge in the film , is not based on a real individual , but rather a composite of several of his real - life friends . </P> <P> The film alters some of the details surrounding the beginning of Stephen and Jane 's relationship , including how they met , as well as the fact that Jane knew about Stephen 's disease before they started dating . Slate also comments that the film underplays Hawking 's stubbornness and refusal to accept outside assistance for his disorder . </P> <P> For The Guardian , Dean concluded by saying : </P> <P> `` The movie presents the demise of their relationship as a beautiful , tear - soaked , mutually respectful conversation . Of course that did n't actually happen either . Jane 's book describes a protracted breakup that comes to a head in a screaming fight on vacation . She also described devastation when Hawking announced by letter he was leaving her for his second wife , Elaine Mason . He ended up married to Mason for 10 years before that fell apart , and then he and Jane mended fences . Which , as it happens , the movie fudges too . It tries to present the rapprochement as coming when Hawking was made a Companion of Honour in 1989 , but that actually happened before the couple separated '' . </P> <P> Physicist Adrian Melott , a former student of Dennis Sciama , Hawking 's doctoral supervisor portrayed in the film , strongly criticised the portrayal of Sciama in the film . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 8 October 2013 , Universal Pictures International had acquired the rights to distribute the film internationally . </P> <P> On 10 April 2014 , Focus Features acquired the distribution rights to The Theory of Everything in the United States , with the plan of a 2014 limited theatrical release . publisher after , Entertainment One Films picked up the Canadian distribution rights . The first trailer of the film was released on 7 August 2014 . </P> <P> The Theory of Everything premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) on 7 September 2014 , where it opened in the official sidebar section , Special Presentations . </P> <P> The film had a limited release in the United States on 7 November 2014 , expanded in successive weeks to Taiwan , Austria , and Germany , ahead of a United Kingdom release on 1 January 2015 , before being released throughout Europe . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Theory of Everything earned US $122,873,310 worldwide , with its biggest markets coming from North America ( US $35.9 million ) , and the United Kingdom ( US $31.9 million ) . The film had a North American limited release on 7 November 2014 ; it was released in five theatres , and earned US $207,000 on its opening weekend , for an average of US $41,400 per theatre

They filmed "The Theory of Everything" at

Where did they film the theory of everything?

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Somewhere ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> Somewhere ( song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song from West Side Story . For the Shanice song , see Somewhere ( Shanice song ) . For other uses , see Somewhere ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Somewhere '' , sometimes referred to as `` Somewhere ( There 's a Place for Us ) '' or simply `` There 's a Place for Us '' , is a song from the 1957 Broadway musical West Side Story that was made into a film in 1961 . The music is composed by Leonard Bernstein with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim , and takes a phrase from the slow movement of Beethoven 's ' Emperor ' Piano Concerto , which forms the start of the melody , and also a longer phrase from the main theme of Pyotr Tchaikovsky 's Swan Lake . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The song in the stage musical </Li> <Li> 2 The song in the 1961 film </Li> <Li> 3 P.J. Proby version </Li> <Li> 4 The Supremes ' version </Li> <Li> 5 Barbra Streisand version </Li> <Li> 6 Phil Collins version <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Pet Shop Boys version <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Track listings </Li> <Li> 7.2 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Other notable cover versions </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The song in the stage musical ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the stage musical , the song appears in the second act of the show during the Somewhere Ballet . It is performed by an off - stage soprano singer and is later reprised by the entire company . In the original Broadway production , `` Somewhere '' was sung by Reri Grist who played the role of Consuelo . </P> <P> At the end of the show , when Tony is shot , Maria sings the first few lines of the song as he dies in her arms . </P> <P> In late 1957 , this recording was released on the album West Side Story ( Original Broadway Cast ) . </P> <H2> The song in the 1961 film ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the 1961 film , the song occurs at a pivotal point , after the rumble in which Tony ( Richard Beymer ) has stabbed Maria 's brother , Bernardo ( George Chakiris ) . Having nowhere else to go , Tony runs to Maria ( Natalie Wood ) , who has just been told of her brother 's death and who killed him . When Tony comes to her room through the balcony window , Maria , in shock , pounds against his chest . </P> <P> Realizing in spite of her anger that she still loves Tony , Maria begs him to hold her . After Maria cries out , `` It 's not us ... it 's everything around us . '' Tony replies , `` Then I 'll take you away , where nothing can get to us . '' He then begins singing `` Somewhere '' to her . His comforting voice draws her in and it becomes a duet of hope that their love will survive `` somehow , someday , somewhere . '' </P> <P> As in the stage show , Maria sings the first few lines of the song as Tony dies in her arms . In 2004 , this version finished at # 20 on AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema . </P> <P> `` Somewhere '' is the only track that is out of sequence on the original soundtrack album as it is the last track on Side 2 . This is rectified on the CD as `` Somewhere '' is correctly placed in sequence to the film between `` The Rumble '' and `` Cool . '' </P> <H2> P.J. Proby version ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1964 , P.J. Proby released his version of `` Somewhere '' , which reached number 6 on the British singles chart and 7 on the Australian singles chart . The song also charted well in various European countries . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart positions </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> The Supremes ' version ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1965 , the Supremes recorded the song for their album , There 's a Place for Us , though it went unreleased until 2004 . They also used it for their debut appearance at the Copacabana nightclub in New York City and it eventually became a fixture of their nightclub acts . They also sang the song on The Ed Sullivan Show and The Hollywood Palace . In contrast to the original melody , a special dramatic monologue was incorporated , which was frequently changed in conjunction with changes in the group as well as the country 's turmoil in the late 1960s . </P> <P> In the aftermath of the shooting of Martin Luther King , Jr. , the monologue was changed to reflect King 's famous `` I Have a Dream '' speech . When the Supremes appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson the day after King had been murdered , lead singer Diana Ross was so overcome with emotion that she practically stumbled through the speech , but got an extraordinary ovation from the studio audience . It would once again be nationally televised several months later that year when the group paired up with the Temptations for an NBC television special , TCB . The monologue for that special went as follows : </P> <P> `` Yes , there 's a place for each of us , Where love is like a passion , burning like a fire , Let our efforts be as determined as that of Dr. Martin Luther King , Who had a dream that all God 's children , Black men , white men , Jews , Gentiles , Protestants , and Catholics , Could join hands and sing that spiritual of all : `` Free at last ! Free at last ! Thank God almighty , we are free at last ! '' </P> <H2> Barbra Streisand version ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1985 , Barbra Streisand released a version of `` Somewhere '' as a single off the Grammy Award - winning The Broadway Album , charting at number 43 in the US ( on the Billboard Hot 100 ) and number 88 in the UK . The song itself won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal ( s ) . In 2011 , a duet was produced using scenes from Streisand 's version while Jackie Evancho performed live with David Foster at the Ringling Museum of Art . On her 2014 Partners album , she released a new recording of the song , this time as a duet with Josh Groban . </P> <H2> Phil Collins version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Somewhere '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Phil Collins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Songs of West Side Story </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD , 12 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Atlantic , Virgin , WEA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Leonard Bernstein , Stephen Sondheim </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Phil Collins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Phil Collins singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` We Wait and We Wonder '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` Somewhere '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` Dance into the Light '' ( 1996 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` We Wait and We Wonder '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` Somewhere '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` Dance into the Light '' ( 1996 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> British drummer Phil Collins later covered the song in 1996 for the West Side Story cover album The Songs of West Side Story . </P> <H3> Charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1996 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Pet Shop Boys version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Somewhere '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Pet Shop Boys </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Bilingual Special Edition </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` A Red Letter Day '' ( US ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The View from Your Balcony '' , `` Disco Potential '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 23 June 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD single , 12 `` , cassette single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Hi - NRG </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 42 10 : 56 ( extended version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Parlophone / Atlantic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Leonard Bernstein , Stephen Sondheim </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pet Shop Boys </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pet Shop Boys singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` A Red Letter Day '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` Somewhere '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Do n't Know What You Want But I Ca n't Give It Any More '' ( 1999 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` A Red Letter Day '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` Somewhere '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Do n't Know What You Want But I Ca n't Give It Any More '' ( 1999 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Somewhere '' was released as a single by the British music group Pet Shop Boys on 23 June 1997 to promote their `` Somewhere '' residency at the Savoy Theatre in London , which was named after the song , and to promote a repackage of Bilingual . </P> <P> The single was another top 10 hit for the group , peaking at number 9 . The single also peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles , roughly equivalent to 125 on the main United States Billboard Hot 100 chart . It also peaked at number 19 on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart . In the US , the song was released as a double A-side with `` A Red Letter Day '' . </P> <P> The Pet Shop Boys ' version also uses elements of another West Side Story song , `` I Feel Pretty '' , and the album version uses elements of `` One Hand , One Heart '' spoken by Chris Lowe . </P> <H3> Track listings ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> UK CD single 1 Parlophone CDRS 6470 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Somewhere '' </Li> <Li> `` The View from Your Balcony '' </Li> <Li> `` To Step Aside '' ( Ralphi 's Old School Dub ) </Li> <Li> `` Somewhere '' ( Forthright Vocal Mix )

The iconic song "Somewhere There's a Place for Us" was written by

Who wrote somewhere there's a place for us?

-8730376679284292370

, action and emotional depth . It was also a box office success , grossing over $710 million worldwide , and making it the eighth highest - grossing film of 2014 . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight Saturn Awards , including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director for Reeves , and Best Supporting Actor for Serkis . </P> <P> A third installment , titled War for the Planet of the Apes , was released on July 14 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Apes </Li> <Li> 2.2 Humans </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Visual effects </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Track listing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Home media </Li> <Li> 6.4 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Third film </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ten years after the pandemic of the deadly ALZ - 113 virus , later called Simian Flu , the worldwide human population was drastically reduced , with only about one in five hundred genetically immune to the virus . Meanwhile , the apes , under the chimpanzee Caesar , all bestowed with genetically enhanced intelligence by the virus , have long established a colony in the Muir Woods near San Francisco . </P> <P> One day , a group of humans led by a man named Malcolm enter the apes ' territory from San Francisco in search of a hydroelectric dam that would restore power to the city . An encounter by Caesar 's son Blue Eyes and his friend Ash leads to the latter 's injury by a man named Carver . Malcolm manages to prevent further escalation while Caesar orders the humans to leave . Prompted by Koba , a scarred bonobo who holds a grudge against humans for his mistreatment as a test subject , Caesar brings his army to the humans ' community at an unfinished tower as a display of strength . Caesar announces his intent to fight the humans if forced to while demanding the humans to stay in their territory . Malcolm convinces his fellow leader Dreyfus to give him time to take a small team to the forest and reconcile with the apes so they can access the dam . He meets with Caesar , who allows them to work on the generator on the condition that they surrender their guns . As Malcolm , his wife Ellie , and son Alexander work , they bond with the apes . The fragile bonding is greatly helped when Ellie , a nurse , effectively treats Cornelia 's illness . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Dreyfus arms his community using the Fort Point armory . Koba discovers the armory and confronts Caesar of this , but accuses him of loving humans more than apes . Caesar beats Koba in response but refrains from killing him . Koba later returns to the armory and takes an assault rifle , killing two guards and then Carver as the humans succeed in repairing the generator and restoring power to the city . Koba takes advantage of their celebration to covertly set fire to the apes ' home . He then shoots Caesar , who falls into the underbrush below , and frames the humans for Caesar 's apparent death in order to wage war . Koba quickly takes command and leads the apes into San Francisco , where they plunder the armory and mount an assault on the tower . The apes breach the building and imprison the humans as Dreyfus flees underground . When Ash refuses Koba 's orders to kill unarmed humans , citing Caesar 's teachings , Koba throws the ape to his death and has any other ape loyal to Caesar imprisoned . </P> <P> Malcolm 's family finds Caesar barely alive and transports him to his former house in San Francisco . Caesar reveals that Koba shot him and confesses that apes can be as corrupt and violent as humans . When Malcolm sneaks into the settlement to find medical supplies for Caesar , he encounters Blue Eyes , who spares him before learning that his father is still alive and that it was Koba who shot him , not the humans . After reconciling with Caesar , Blue Eyes returns to the tower and frees the imprisoned humans and apes . Malcolm escorts the apes into the tower , and then finds Dreyfus . He learns that the return of electricity allowed Dreyfus ' men to make radio contact with survivors at a military base , who are now coming to fight the apes . Caesar confronts Koba at the top of the tower ; as they fight , Dreyfus detonates C - 4 charges that destabilize the tower in a failed attempt to kill the apes , at the cost of his own life . Koba starts shooting at the apes , but Caesar tackles him off a ledge . While clinging on a metal girder , Koba is rejected as an ape by Caesar and dropped to his death . </P> <P> Malcolm and Caesar acknowledge their friendship , with Malcolm warning of the approaching human military . Caesar responds that the humans will never forgive the apes for their attack and convinces Malcolm to leave with his family . He then stands before a kneeling mass of apes , preparing for war . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Cast and crew of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes ( from left ) : director Matt Reeves and stars Jason Clarke , Keri Russell and Andy Serkis <H3> Apes ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Andy Serkis as Caesar , a common chimpanzee and the leader of the evolved ape tribe </Li> <Li> Toby Kebbell as Koba , a scarred bonobo and Caesar 's treacherous lieutenant ; previously played by Christopher Gordon in Rise </Li> <Li> Judy Greer as Cornelia , a common chimpanzee and Caesar 's wife , mother of Blue Eyes and a newborn son ; previously played by Devyn Dalton in Rise </Li> <Li> Terry Notary as Rocket , a common chimpanzee and Caesar 's former rival and enemy turned friend </Li> <Li> Karin Konoval as Maurice , a Bornean orangutan and Caesar 's friend and advisor </Li> <Li> Nick Thurston as Blue Eyes , a common chimpanzee and Caesar and Cornelia 's first son </Li> <Li> Doc Shaw as Ash , a common chimpanzee , son of Rocket , also Blue Eyes ' best friend </Li> <Li> Lee Ross as Grey , a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba , who perishes during Koba 's attack on the human city . </Li> <Li> Richard King as Stone , a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba , who after Koba 's death , goes on to follow Caesar . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Humans ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jason Clarke as Malcolm , the leader of the small group that forms a strong bond with Caesar and the other apes </Li> <Li> Gary Oldman as Dreyfus , the leader of the remaining human survivors </Li> <Li> Keri Russell as Ellie , a former nurse at the CDC , and Malcolm 's wife </Li> <Li> Kodi Smit - McPhee as Alexander , Malcolm 's son from a previous marriage </Li> <Li> Kirk Acevedo as Carver , a former San Francisco water worker and a member of Malcolm 's group . He is killed by Koba as part of a plot to usurp Caesar 's position . </Li> <Li> Jocko Sims as Werner , the colony 's radio operator </Li> <Li> Enrique Murciano as Kemp , a member of Malcolm 's group </Li> <Li> Keir O'Donnell as Finney , an ally of Dreyfus </Li> <Li> Lombardo Boyar as Terry , a guard at the colony 's armory </Li> <Li> Kevin Rankin as McVeigh , a guard at the colony 's armory </Li> <Li> Jon Eyez as Foster , a member of Malcolm 's group </Li> <Li> James Franco ( uncredited ) as Will Rodman from Rise of the Planet of the Apes , in a cameo via a video from Caesar 's childhood </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> Film set on Rampart Street , New Orleans , May 2013 <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the release of Rise of the Planet of the Apes , director Rupert Wyatt commented on possible sequels : `` I think we 're ending with certain questions , which is quite exciting . To me , I can think of all sorts of sequels to this film , but this is just the beginning . '' Screenwriter and producer Rick Jaffa also stated that Rise featured several clues as to future sequels : `` I hope that we 're building a platform for future films . We 're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth . '' </P> <P> In an interview recorded after the release of Rise , Wyatt stated , `` We want to grow and evolve , in the films that will ( hopefully ) come after this , to the ' 68 original . '' Wyatt also stated that he wants it to take place eight years after Rise , as a whole new ape generation can be born , and explore the dynamics of Caesar and Koba 's relationship . According to screenwriter Rick Jaffa , a version of the spaceship from the 1968 Planet of the Apes under the name Icarus was in Rise as a deliberate hint to a possible sequel . </P> <P> In November 2011 , Andy Serkis was the first to be announced as having closed a deal for a sequel to Rise . It was reported to be a `` healthy seven - figure deal '' for him to reprise his role as Caesar , the ape leader . On May 15 , 2012 , it was announced Scott Z . Burns had been hired to do rewrites on the original screenplay by Rise writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver . On May 31 , 2012 , 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes . </P> Post-production <P> On September 17 , 2012 , there were reports that director Wyatt was considering leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to make the film properly . On October 1 , Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was confirmed as his replacement . Reeves had been working on developing a new Twilight Zone film . On October 18 , Mark Bomback , writer of Live Free or Die Hard , was reported to be doing a re-write for Reeves . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> In December 2012 , after the departure of director Wyatt , James Franco speculated that he would not be returning for the sequel , saying , `` Now Rupert 's not a part of it so I do n't know . My guess is I wo n't be in it . Nobody 's talked to me since Rupert left . '' Later , Matt Reeves revealed that Franco would be seen in a cameo in the film . Freida Pinto , who played primatologist Caroline Aranha in Rise , confirmed that she would not be returning for Dawn . In April 2014 , when asked by IGN about the fate of Franco and Pinto 's characters , producer Dylan Clark said , `` I mean , they 're the ones that died ... They were ground zero

The actor who played Caesar in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is

Actor who played caesar in dawn of the planet of the apes?

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Weekly Torah portion - wikipedia <H1> Weekly Torah portion </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the divisions of the Torah into weekly readings . For this week 's Torah portion , see Torah portion . A Torah scroll and silver pointer ( yad ) used in reading . <P> The weekly Torah portion ( Hebrew : פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ ‬ Parashat ha - Shavua ) , popularly just parashah ( or parshah / pɑːrʃə / or parsha ) and also known as a Sidra ( or Sedra / sɛdrə / ) is a section of the Torah ( Five Books of Moses ) used in Jewish liturgy during a single week . It is chanted publicly by a designated reader ( ba'al koreh ) in Jewish prayer services , starting with a partial reading on the afternoon of Shabbat ( Saturday , the Jewish Sabbath ) , again during the Monday and Thursday morning services , and ending with a full reading during the following Shabbat morning services . The weekly reading is pre-empted by a special reading on major religious holidays . The Saturday morning and holiday readings are followed by a reading ( Haftarah ) from the Book of Prophets ( Nevi'im ) . There are 54 weekly parashiyot ( plural ) or parshahs ( anglicized pluralization ) in Judaism , and the full cycle is read over the course of one Jewish year . </P> <P> Each weekly Torah portion takes its name from the first distinctive word in the Hebrew text of the portion in question , often from the first verse . Dating back to the time of the Babylonian captivity ( 6th century BCE ) , public Torah reading mostly followed an annual cycle beginning and ending on the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah , with the divisions corresponding to the lunisolar Hebrew calendar , which contains up to 55 weeks , the exact number varying between leap years and regular years . </P> <P> In ancient times some Jewish communities practiced a triennial cycle of readings . In the 19th and 20th centuries , many congregations in the Reform and Conservative Jewish movements implemented an alternative triennial cycle in which only one - third of each weekly parashah was read in a given year ; and this pattern continues . The parashot read are still consistent with the annual cycle but the entire Torah is completed over three years . Orthodox Judaism does not follow this practice . </P> <P> Due to different lengths of holidays in Israel and the Diaspora , the portion that is read on a particular week will sometimes not be the same inside and outside Israel . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Division into weekly parashot </Li> <Li> 2 Table of weekly readings </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Division into weekly parashot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The division of parashiot found in the modern - day Torah scrolls of all Ashkenazic , Sephardic , and Yemenite communities is based upon the systematic list provided by Maimonides in Mishneh Torah , Laws of Tefillin , Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls , Chapter 8 . Maimonides based his division of the parashot for the Torah on the Masoretic text of the Aleppo Codex . </P> <H2> Table of weekly readings ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the table , a portion that may be combined with the following portion , to compensate for the changing number of weeks in the lunisolar year , is marked with an asterisk. The following chart will show the weekly readings . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Book </Th> <Th> Parsha Name </Th> <Th> English Equivalent </Th> <Th> Parsha Portion </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bereshit ( Genesis ) </Td> <Td> Bereshit , בְּרֵאשִׁית </Td> <Td> In the beginning </Td> <Td> Gen. 1 : 1 - 6 : 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Noach , נֹחַ </Td> <Td> Noah ( rest ) </Td> <Td> 6 : 9 - 11 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lech - Lecha , לֶךְ - לְךָ </Td> <Td> Go forth , yourself ! </Td> <Td> 12 : 1 - 17 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayeira , וַיֵּרָא </Td> <Td> And He appeared </Td> <Td> 18 : 1 - 22 : 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chayei Sarah , חַיֵּי שָׂרָה </Td> <Td> Life of Sarah </Td> <Td> 23 : 1 - 25 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Toledot , תּוֹלְדֹת </Td> <Td> Generations </Td> <Td> 25 : 19 - 28 : 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayetze , וַיֵּצֵא </Td> <Td> And he went out </Td> <Td> 28 : 10 - 32 : 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayishlach , וַיִּשְׁלַח </Td> <Td> And he sent </Td> <Td> 32 : 4 - 36 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayeshev , וַיֵּשֶׁב </Td> <Td> And he settled </Td> <Td> 37 : 1 - 40 : 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miketz , מִקֵּץ </Td> <Td> At the end of </Td> <Td> 41 : 1 - 44 : 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayigash , וַיִּגַּשׁ </Td> <Td> And he drew near </Td> <Td> 44 : 18 - 47 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayechi , וַיְחִי </Td> <Td> And he lived </Td> <Td> 47 : 28 - 50 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shemot ( Exodus ) </Td> <Td> Shemot , שְׁמוֹת </Td> <Td> Names </Td> <Td> Ex. 1 : 1 - 6 : 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Va'eira , וָאֵרָא </Td> <Td> Appeared </Td> <Td> 6 : 2 - 9 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bo , בֹּא </Td> <Td> Go ! </Td> <Td> 10 : 1 - 13 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Beshalach , בְּשַׁלַּח </Td> <Td> When he sent out </Td> <Td> 13 : 17 - 17 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Yitro , יִתְרוֹ </Td> <Td> Jethro </Td> <Td> 18 : 1 - 20 : 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mishpatim , מִּשְׁפָּטִים </Td> <Td> Laws </Td> <Td> 21 : 1 - 24 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terumah , תְּרוּמָה </Td> <Td> Offering </Td> <Td> 25 : 1 - 27 : 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Tetzaveh , תְּצַוֶּה </Td> <Td> You shall command </Td> <Td> 27 : 20 - 30 : 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ki Tisa , כִּי תִשָּׂא </Td> <Td> When you elevate </Td> <Td> 30 : 11 - 34 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Vayakhel , וַיַּקְהֵל </Td> <Td> And he assembled </Td> <Td> 35 : 1 - 38 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pekudei , פְקוּדֵי </Td> <Td> Accountings </Td> <Td> 38 : 21 - 40 : 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vayikra ( Leviticus ) </Td> <Td> Vayikra , וַיִּקְרָא </Td> <Td> And he called </Td> <Td> Lev. 1 : 1 - 5 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Tzav , צַו </Td> <Td> Command ! </Td> <Td> 6 : 1 - 8 : 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shemini , שְּׁמִינִי </Td> <Td> Eighth </Td> <Td> 9 : 1 - 11 : 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Tazria , תַזְרִיעַ </Td> <Td> She bears seed </Td> <Td> 12 : 1 - 13 : 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Metzora , מְּצֹרָע </Td> <Td> Infected one </Td> <Td> 14 : 1 - 15 : 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Acharei Mot , אַחֲרֵי מוֹת </Td> <Td> After the death </Td> <Td> 16 : 1 - 18 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kedoshim , קְדֹשִׁים </Td> <Td> Holy ones </Td> <Td> 19 : 1 - 20 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Emor , אֱמֹר </Td> <Td> Say gently </Td> <Td> 21 : 1 - 24 : 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Behar , בְּהַר </Td> <Td> On the Mount </Td> <Td> 25 : 1 - 26 : 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bechukotai , בְּחֻקֹּתַי </Td> <Td> In My laws </Td> <Td> 26 : 3 - 27 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bemidbar ( Numbers ) </Td> <Td> Bamidbar , בְּמִדְבַּר </Td> <Td> In the wilderness </Td> <Td> Num. 1 : 1 - 4 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Naso , נָשֹׂא </Td> <Td> Elevate ! </Td> <Td> 4 : 21 - 7 : 89 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Behaalotecha , בְּהַעֲלֹתְךָ </Td> <Td> In your uplifting </Td> <Td> 8 : 1 - 12 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shlach , שְׁלַח - לְךָ </Td> <Td> Send for yourself </Td> <Td> 13 : 1 - 15 : 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korach , קֹרַח </Td> <Td> Korach </Td> <Td> 16 : 1 - 18 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Chukat , חֻקַּת </Td> <Td> Law </Td> <Td> 19 : 1 - 22 : 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Balak , בָּלָק </Td> <Td> Balak </Td> <Td> 22 : 2 - 25 : 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pinchas , פִּינְחָס </Td> <Td> Phinehas </Td> <Td> 25 : 10 - 30 : 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Matot , מַּטּוֹת </Td> <Td> Tribes </Td> <Td> 30 : 2 - 32 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Masei , מַסְעֵי </Td> <Td> Journeys of </Td> <Td> 33 : 1 - 36 : 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Devarim ( Deuteronomy ) </Td> <Td> Devarim , דְּבָרִים </Td> <Td> Words </Td> <Td> Deut. 1 : 1 - 3 : 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Va'etchanan , וָאֶתְחַנַּן </Td> <Td> Pleaded </Td> <Td> 3 : 23 - 7 : 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Eikev , עֵקֶב </Td> <Td> As a result </Td> <Td> 7 : 12 - 11 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Re'eh , רְאֵה </Td> <Td> See ! </Td> <Td> 11 : 26 - 16 : 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shoftim , שֹׁפְטִים </Td> <Td> Judges </Td> <Td> 16 : 18 - 21 : 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ki Teitzei , כִּי - תֵצֵא </Td> <Td> When you go out </Td> <Td> 21 : 10 - 25 : 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ki Tavo , כִּי - תָבוֹא </Td> <Td> When you enter in </Td> <Td> 26 : 1 - 29 : 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> * Nitzavim , נִצָּבִים </Td> <Td> Standing ( Witnessing ) </Td> <Td> 29 : 9 - 30 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vayelech , וַיֵּלֶךְ </Td> <Td> And he went </Td> <Td> 31 : 1 - 31 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Haazinu , הַאֲזִינוּ </Td> <Td> Listen ! </Td> <Td> 32 : 1 - 32 : 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> V'Zot HaBerachah , וְזֹאת הַבְּרָכָה </Td> <Td> And this is the blessing </Td> <Td> 33 : 1 - 34 : 12 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Judaism portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cantillation </Li> <Li> Chumash </Li> <Li> Haftarah </Li> <Li> Sefer Torah </Li> <Li> Tanakh </Li> <Li> Tikkun ( book ) </Li> <Li> Torah reading </Li> <Li> Weekly Maqam </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ One week is always Passover and another is always Sukkot , and the final parashah , V'Zot HaBerachah , is always read on Simchat Torah . Therefore , there can be up to 53 weeks available for the other 53 portions . In years with fewer than 53 available weeks , some readings are combined to achieve the needed number of weekly readings . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Though initially doubted by Umberto Cassuto , this has become the established position in modern scholarship

The Torah portion of the week is

What is the torah portion of the week?

-2454338314238497026

Pradyumna - Wikipedia <H1> Pradyumna </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pradyumna </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Krishna and Pradyumna battle the demon Nikumbha who assumes the form of bird </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> Aniruddha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parent ( s ) </Th> <Td> Krishna Rukmini </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sibling ( s ) </Th> <Td> Samba </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Affliation = Avatara of Kamadeva . Pradyumna ( Sanskrit : प्रद्युम्न ) is the name of a character in the Srimad Bhagavatam . He was the son of Lord Krishna and Rukmini . Pradyumna is considered as one of the four vyuha avatars of Vishnu . According to some accounts , Pradyumna was an incarnation of Kamadeva , the god of love . Pradyumna is also a name of the Hindu god Vishnu , being referred to as Vishnu Ankar Gupta . He is one in 24 Keshava Namas ( names ) , praised in all pujas . It is also the only name in Sanskrit with all the 3 letters joint ( referred as जोडाक्षर ) </P> <P> The Harivamsa describes intricate relationships between Krishna Vasudeva , Sankarsana , Pradyumna and Aniruddha that would later form a Vaishnava concept of primary quadrupled expansion , or avatar . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Birth , Childhood and Youth </Li> <Li> 2 Death </Li> <Li> 3 Descendant </Li> <Li> 4 Texts </Li> <Li> 5 References <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Citations </Li> <Li> 5.2 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Birth , childhood and youth ( edit ) </H2> Pradyumna Kills Sambara . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Pradyumna was son of Lord Krishna and 61st grandson of Adinarayan . His mother was Rukmini , whom Lord Krishna got from her father Bhimkashen Narayan and brother Bhimkaraya Rukmi . Pradyumna was born in Dvaraka . He was the incarnate of God Kamdev . In the Treta Yuga , Kamdev was burnt by Shiva when he became a barrier to Shiva 's meditation . Shiva blessed Kamdev 's distraught wife , Rati and promised her that in his next birth Kamdev will be a part of Krishna and Rati will be the daughter of Bhimkaraya Rukmi and that she will marry him . When he was a baby he was abducted by the demon Sambara . He was then cast into the sea and swallowed by a fish , but that fish was caught and carried to the house of Sambara . The fish was opened and the child was found inside . He was given to a woman in Sambara 's house to raise . Narada informed her about the true identity of the child . When Pradyumna grew up , he battled the demon Sambara and killed him using the Vaishnavastra . Soon after Pradyumna became a constant companion of his father Krishna and was well liked by the people of Dvaraka . Pradyumna was a mighty Maharathi warrior . He possessed the extremely rare Vaishnavastra which is the most powerful weapon in the universe . Also he was one of the very few people to know the secret of the Chakra Vyuha . But Pradyumna did not participate in the Kurukshetra War as he went on a pilgrimage with his uncle Balarama and other yadavas . </P> Balarama is embraced yudhisthira with Akrura and pradhyumna and went to Pilgrimage . <P> But he was an active participant In ashwameda yagna which was later conducted by Yudishtira . He along with Arjuna and Krishna fought against the demon Nikumbha . Nikumbha hung Arjuna In the sky and he began to vomit blood . When Nikumbha 's head was cut off by Krishna , Arjuna began to fall down from the sky . Pradyumna held Arjuna and hence his life was saved . In accordance to Lord Shiva 's boon to Rati , he married her incarnation , Princess Mayavati , the Princess of Vidarbha and daughter of his maternal uncle , Bhimkaraya Rukmi . It is said that Mayavati found his valor , handsomeness and charm beyond words and insisted on marrying him at her swayamvara . With her , he fathered , Krishna 's grandson and favourite , also considered a vyuha avatar of Vishnu , Prince Aniruddha . Pradyumna was later killed in an intoxicated brawl at Dvaraka that resulted in the death of most Yadava warriors . </P> <H2> Death ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Knowing that their destruction was near , the Yadavas retired to Prabhasa where they were allotted temporary residences . When their time had come Vrishnis started revelling and drinking . Satyaki who was inebriated laughed at and insulted Kritavarma for killing the Pandava army in midst of their sleep . Pradyumna applauded Satyaki for this which highly incensed Kritavarma . He then taunted Satyaki by saying that he had slain the armless Bhurshiravas who had given up all hostile intentions . Satyaki then narrated the incident when Kritavarma tried to kill Satrajit . Satyabhama upon hearing this became angry and started crying . She then approached Krishna and sat on his lap greatly increasing his anger towards Kritavarma . Satyaki then rising up in anger said that he would give death to Kritavarma for slaying the warriors of the Pandava army while they were asleep . Having said this he rushed towards Kritavarma and severed his head with a sword . He then started killing the warriors who were on Kritavarma 's side . Krishna then ran to stop Satyaki . The Bhojas and the Andhakas incensed at Satyaki surrounded him . Krishna knowing the character of the hour stood there unmoved and let them do whatever they could do . The Bhojas and Andhakas started striking Satyaki with the pots in which they had been eating . Pradyumna upon seeing this became highly enraged and rushed forward for rescuing Satyaki who was engaged with the Bhojas and the Andhakas . However the numbers of the Bhojas and Andhakas overwhelmed the two warriors and they were slain in front of Krishna . </P> <H2> Descendant ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Aniruddha was the son of Pradyumna who married to Usha ( daughter of Bana Daitya and granddaughter of Mahabali ) . He is said to have been very much like his grandfather Krishna , to the extent that he may be a jana avatar , avatar of Vishnu . Aniruddha had a son named Vajra ( or Vajranabh ) . Vajra was known as an invincible warrior and would remain among the few survivors of the Yadus ' battle . King Vajra then had 16 idols of Krishna and other gods carved from a rare , imperishable stone called Braja and built temples to house these idols in and around Mathura so as to feel the presence of Lord Krishna . </P> <H2> Texts ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Jain version of the story of Pradyumna is mentioned in the Pradyumna - charitra ( poem in 18 canons ) of Rajchandra , written in 1618 AD . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Citations ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Krishnamachariar 1989 , p. 294 . </Li> </Ol> <H3> Sources ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Krishnamachariar , M. 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The son of Lord Krishna is named

What is the name of son of lord krishna?

343386192639661502

I Wanna Be the Only One - wikipedia <H1> I Wanna Be the Only One </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Eternal featuring BeBe Winans </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Before the Rain </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 19 May 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> R&B , gospel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 18 ( album version ) 3 : 36 ( radio edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> EMI </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> BeBe Winans and James `` Rhett '' Lawrence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Nigel Lowis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Eternal featuring BeBe Winans singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Do n't You Love Me '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` Angel of Mine '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Do n't You Love Me '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` Angel of Mine '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Alternative Cover </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> UK CD2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' is a song by British R&B girl group Eternal . It was the third single released from their album Before the Rain . Topping the UK Singles Chart , the release became the group 's third collaboration with BeBe Winans , who produced 1994 's `` Crazy '' ( from Always & Forever ) and 1995 's `` It Will Never End '' ( from Power of a Woman ) . </P> <P> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' became Eternal 's biggest hit to date : it was the third most played song on British radio and the most played song on European radio by a UK act in 1997 . It earned Eternal a MOBO Award and Capital FM Award for Best Single . It was also nominated for Best Single at the BRIT Awards . As of May 2017 , the song has sold 650,000 copies in the UK . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Track listing </Li> <Li> 2 Charts <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Certifications </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <P> CD1 </P> <Ol> <Li> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( Radio Edit ) 3 : 36 ( Horns by Gary Barnacle , Stuart Brooks and Andy Rogers ) </Li> <Li> `` A Friend Is a Friend '' 4 : 10 </Li> <Li> `` Show Me '' 4 : 28 </Li> <Li> `` Do n't You Love Me '' ( French Remix ) 3 : 37 </Li> </Ol> <P> CD2 </P> <Ol> <Li> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' </Li> <Li> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( Black Box Lelewel ' Til The End Mix ) </Li> <Li> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( Paul Gotel Dark Skies Mix ) </Li> <Li> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( SPS Cained Mix ) </Li> <Li> `` I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( Blacksmith `` Eternal 's Mix Tape '' ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1997 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iceland ( Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 ) </Th> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1997 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Th> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1998 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 66 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` You 're Not Alone '' by Olive </Td> <Td> UK Singles Chart number - one single 25 May 1997 - 31 May 1997 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` MMMBop '' by Hanson </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> - </P> <H2> Certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 35,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( BEA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 25,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 5,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norway ( IFPI Norway ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweden ( GLF ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 15,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Kingdom ( BPI ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 600,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Copsey , Rob ( 25 May 2017 ) . `` Official Chart Flashback 1997 : Eternal score their long - awaited Number 1 '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 25 May 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Myers , Justin ( 28 May 2015 ) . `` Number 1 today in 1997 : Eternal -- I Wanna Be The Only One '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 8 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Australian-charts.com -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be The Only One '' . ARIA Top 50 Singles . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Austriancharts.at -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be The Only One '' ( in German ) . Ö3 Austria Top 40 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ultratop.be -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be The Only One '' ( in Dutch ) . Ultratop 50 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ultratop.be -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be The Only One '' ( in French ) . Ultratop 50 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Lescharts.com -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be The Only One '' ( in French ) . Les classement single . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Musicline.de -- Eternal Single - Chartverfolgung '' ( in German ) . Media Control Charts . PhonoNet GmbH . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Íslenski Listinn NR. 230 Vikuna 17.7. ' 97 - 23.7. ' 97 '' ( PDF ) . Dagblaðið Vísir. 18 July 1997 . p. 22 . Retrieved 8 April 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Irish Charts ( Search by artist : Eternal ) '' . Irish Singles Chart . Irish Recorded Music Association . Retrieved 8 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nederlandse Top 40 -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans '' ( in Dutch ) . Dutch Top 40 . Retrieved 8 April 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dutchcharts.nl -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( in Dutch ) . Single Top 100 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Charts.org.nz -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' . Top 40 Singles . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Norwegiancharts.com -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' . VG - lista . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100 '' . Official Charts Company . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swedishcharts.com -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' . Singles Top 100 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swisscharts.com -- Eternal feat . Bebe Winans -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' . Swiss Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Eternal : Artist Chart History '' . Official Charts Company . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ultratop.be - ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS : jaaroverzichten 1997 '' . Ultratop . Retrieved 15 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ultratop.be - ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS : rapports annuels 1997 '' . Ultratop . Retrieved 15 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Classement Singles - année 1997 '' ( in French ) . SNEP . Archived from the original on September 15 , 2012 . Retrieved December 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` TOP 100 SINGLE - JAHRESCHARTS ( 1997 ) '' . Official German Charts . Retrieved 15 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` JAAROVERZICHTEN - SINGLE 1997 '' . Single Top 100 . Retrieved 15 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` End of Year Charts 1997 '' . Recorded Music NZ . Retrieved 4 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swiss Year End Charts 1997 '' . Swiss Music Charts . Hung Medien . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2004 . Retrieved December 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 1997 - UK Music Charts '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 15 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ARIA Charts - End of Year Charts - Top 100 Singles 1998 '' . ARIA Charts . Retrieved 15 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ARIA Charts -- Accreditations -- 1998 Singles '' . Australian Recording Industry Association . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ultratop − Goud en Platina -- 1997 '' . Ultratop . Hung Medien . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` New Zealand single certifications -- Eternal -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' . Recorded Music NZ . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Norwegian single certifications -- Eternal -- I Wanna Be the Only One '' ( in Norwegian )

The featured vocalist who sang with Eternal on their hit song "I Wanna Be the Only One" was

Who sang with eternal on i wanna be the only one?

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studies , history , international law , demography , philosophy , geography , social work , sociology , anthropology , criminology , psychology , gender studies , cultural studies , culturology , and diplomacy . The scope of international relations comprehends globalization , diplomatic relations , state sovereignty , international security , ecological sustainability , nuclear proliferation , nationalism , economic development , global finance , as well as terrorism and organized crime , human security , foreign interventionism , and human rights , as well , as , more recently , comparative religion . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Study of international relations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Theory <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Normative theory </Li> <Li> 2.2 Epistemology and IR theory </Li> <Li> 2.3 Positivist theories <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Realism </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Liberalism </Li> <Li> 2.3. 3 Neoliberalism </Li> <Li> 2.3. 4 Regime theory </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 Post-positivist / reflectivist theories <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 International society theory ( the English school ) </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2 Social constructivism </Li> <Li> 2.4. 3 Feminism </Li> <Li> 2.4. 4 Marxism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 Leadership theories <Ul> <Li> 2.5. 1 Interest group perspective </Li> <Li> 2.5. 2 Strategic perspective </Li> <Li> 2.5. 3 Inherent bad faith model </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.6 Post-structuralist theories </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Levels of analysis <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Systemic level concepts <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Sovereignty </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Power </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 National interest </Li> <Li> 3.1. 4 Non-state actors </Li> <Li> 3.1. 5 Power blocs <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 5.1 Polarity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.1. 6 Interdependence </Li> <Li> 3.1. 7 Dependency </Li> <Li> 3.1. 8 Systemic tools of international relations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Unit - level concepts in international relations <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Regime type </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Revisionism / status quo </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Religion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Individual or sub-unit level concepts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Institutions in international relations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Generalist inter-state organizations <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 United Nations </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation </Li> <Li> 4.1. 3 Other </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Economic institutions </Li> <Li> 4.3 International legal bodies <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Human rights </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 Legal </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.4 Regional security arrangements </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Theory </Li> <Li> 7.2 Textbooks </Li> <Li> 7.3 History of international relations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> See also : International relations of the Great Powers ( 1814 -- 1919 ) <P> The history of international relations can be traced back to thousands of years ago ; Barry Buzan and Richard Little , for example , consider the interaction of ancient Sumerian city - states , starting in 3,500 BC , as the first fully - fledged international system . </P> The official portraits of King Władysław IV dressed according to French , Spanish and Polish fashion reflects the complex politics of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Thirty Years ' War <P> The history of international relations based on sovereign states is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 , a stepping stone in the development of the modern state system . Prior to this the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order . Contrary to popular belief , Westphalia still embodied layered systems of sovereignty , especially within the Holy Roman Empire . More than the Peace of Westphalia , the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 is thought to reflect an emerging norm that sovereigns had no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority within the territory 's sovereign borders . </P> <P> The centuries of roughly 1500 to 1789 saw the rise of the independent , sovereign states , the institutionalization of diplomacy and armies . The French Revolution added to this the new idea that not princes or an oligarchy , but the citizenry of a state , defined as the nation , should be defined as sovereign . Such a state in which the nation is sovereign would thence be termed a nation - state ( as opposed to a monarchy or a religious state ) . The term republic increasingly became its synonym . An alternative model of the nation - state was developed in reaction to the French republican concept by the Germans and others , who instead of giving the citizenry sovereignty , kept the princes and nobility , but defined nation - statehood in ethnic - linguistic terms , establishing the rarely if ever fulfilled ideal that all people speaking one language should belong to one state only . The same claim to sovereignty was made for both forms of nation - state . ( It is worth noting that in Europe today , few states conform to either definition of nation - state : many continue to have royal sovereigns , and hardly any are ethnically homogeneous . ) </P> <P> The particular European system supposing the sovereign equality of states was exported to the Americas , Africa , and Asia via colonialism and the `` standards of civilization '' . The contemporary international system was finally established through decolonization during the Cold War . However , this is somewhat over-simplified . While the nation - state system is considered `` modern '' , many states have not incorporated the system and are termed `` pre-modern '' . </P> <P> Further , a handful of states have moved beyond insistence on full sovereignty , and can be considered `` post-modern '' . The ability of contemporary IR discourse to explain the relations of these different types of states is disputed . `` Levels of analysis '' is a way of looking at the international system , which includes the individual level , the domestic state as a unit , the international level of transnational and intergovernmental affairs , and the global level . </P> <P> What is explicitly recognized as international relations theory was not developed until after World War I , and is dealt with in more detail below . IR theory , however , has a long tradition of drawing on the work of other social sciences . The use of capitalizations of the `` I '' and `` R '' in international relations aims to distinguish the academic discipline of international relations from the phenomena of international relations . Many cite Sun Tzu 's The Art of War ( 6th century BC ) , Thucydides ' History of the Peloponnesian War ( 5th century BC ) , Chanakya 's Arthashastra ( 4th century BC ) , as the inspiration for realist theory , with Hobbes ' Leviathan and Machiavelli 's The Prince providing further elaboration . </P> <P> Similarly , liberalism draws upon the work of Kant and Rousseau , with the work of the former often being cited as the first elaboration of democratic peace theory . Though contemporary human rights is considerably different from the type of rights envisioned under natural law , Francisco de Vitoria , Hugo Grotius and John Locke offered the first accounts of universal entitlement to certain rights on the basis of common humanity . In the 20th century , in addition to contemporary theories of liberal internationalism , Marxism has been a foundation of international relations . </P> <H3> Study of international relations ( edit ) </H3> Flags of the member states of the United Nations <P> International relations as a distinct field of study began in Britain . IR emerged as a formal academic discipline in 1919 with the founding of the first IR professorship : the Woodrow Wilson Chair at Aberystwyth , University of Wales ( now Aberystwyth University ) , hold by Alfred Eckhard Zimmern and endowed by David Davies . Georgetown University 's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service is the oldest international relations faculty in the United States , founded in 1919 . In the early 1920s , the London School of Economics ' department of international relations was founded at the behest of Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip Noel - Baker : this was the first institute to offer a wide range of degrees in the field . This was rapidly followed by establishment of IR at universities in the US and in Geneva , Switzerland . The creation of the posts of Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at LSE and at Oxford gave further impetus to the academic study of international relations . Furthermore , the International History department at LSE developed a focus on the history of IR in the early modern , colonial and Cold War periods . </P> <P> The first university entirely dedicated to the study of IR was the Graduate Institute of International Studies ( now the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies ) , which was founded in 1927 to form diplomats associated to the League of Nations . The Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago was the first to offer a graduate degree , in 1928 . In 1965 , Glendon College and the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs were the first institutions in Canada to offer an undergraduate and a graduate program in international studies and affairs , respectively . In 2012 , Ramon Llull University initiated the first International Relations degree in Barcelona , fully in English . </P> <H2> Theory ( edit ) </H2> Main article : International relations theory <H3> Normative theory ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the academic discipline of international relations , Smith , Baylis & Owens ( 2008 ) make the case that the normative position or normative theory is to make the world a better place , and that this theoretical worldview aims to do so by being aware of implicit assumptions and explicit assumptions that constitute a non-normative position and align or position the normative towards the loci of other key socio - political theories such as political liberalism , Marxism , political constructivism , political realism , political idealism and political globalization . </P> <H3> Epistemology and IR theory ( edit ) </H3> <P> IR theories are roughly divided into one of two epistemological camps : `` positivist '' and `` post-positivist '' . Positivist theories aim to replicate the methods of the natural sciences by analysing the impact of material forces . They typically focus on features of international relations such as state interactions , size of military forces , balance of powers etc . Post-positivist epistemology rejects the idea that the social world can be studied in an objective and value - free way . It rejects the central ideas of neo-realism / liberalism , such as rational choice theory , on the grounds that the scientific method can not be applied to the social world and that a `` science '' of IR is impossible . </P> <P> A key difference between the two positions is that while positivist theories , such as neo-realism , offer causal explanations ( such as why and how power is exercised ) , post-positivist theories focus instead on constitutive questions , for instance what is meant by `` power '' ; what makes it up , how it is experienced and how it is reproduced . Often , post-positivist theories explicitly promote a normative approach to IR , by considering ethics . This is something which has often been ignored under `` traditional '' IR as positivist theories make a distinction between `` facts '' and normative judgments , or `` values '' . </P> <P> During the late 1980s and the 1990s , debate between positivists and post-positivists became the dominant debate and has been described as constituting the Third `` Great Debate '' ( Lapid 1989 ) . </P> <H3> Positivist theories ( edit ) </H3> Realism ( edit ) <P> Realism focuses on state security and power above

An international system in international relations consists of

What is an international system in international relations?

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Diastema - wikipedia <H1> Diastema </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Diastema ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Diastema </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Large diastemata between incisors , canines and molars of a normal horse </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> diastema </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> D003970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A05. 1.03. 078 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 77271 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A diastema ( plural diastemata ) is a space or gap between two teeth . Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature , most commonly between the incisors and molars . Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well . Diastemata are primarily caused by imbalance in the relationship between the jaw and the size of teeth . If the labial frenulum ( lip tissue ) pulls , it can also push the teeth apart and cause a diastema between the center of the two front teeth . </P> <H2> In humans ( edit ) </H2> Actor Terry - Thomas was known for his 1 ⁄ 3 - inch ( 8.5 mm ) diastema . <P> In humans , the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the upper incisors ( front teeth ) . It happens when there is an unequal relationship between the size of the teeth and the jaw . </P> <P> Diastema is sometimes caused or exacerbated by the action of a labial frenulum ( the tissue connecting the lip to the gum ) causing high mucosal attachment and less attached keratinized tissue which is more prone to recession or by tongue thrusting , which can push the teeth apart . </P> <P> In The Canterbury Tales , Geoffrey Chaucer wrote of the `` gap - toothed wife of Bath '' . As early as this time period , the gap between the front teeth , especially in women , was associated with lustful characteristics . Thus , the implication in describing `` the gap - toothed wife of Bath '' is that she is a middle - aged woman with insatiable lust . This has no scientific basis , but it has been a common premise in folklore since the Middle Ages . </P> <P> In Ghana , Namibia and Nigeria , diastemata are regarded as being attractive and a sign of fertility , and some people have even had them created through cosmetic dentistry . In France , they are called `` dents du bonheur '' ( `` lucky / happiness teeth '' ) . This expression originated in Napoleon 's time : when the Napoleonic army recruited , it was imperative that soldiers had incisors in perfect condition because they had to open the paper cartridges ( containing powder and ball ) with their teeth when loading their muskets . All those who had teeth apart were then classified as unfit to fight . Some men broke their own teeth to avoid going to war . Les Blank 's Gap - Toothed Women is a documentary film about diastematic women . </P> <P> Some well - known people noted for having diastema include country music singer Charley Pride , models Jessica Hart , Lindsey Wixson , Lauren Hutton , Georgia May Jagger and Lara Stone , American television news reporter and anchor Michelle Charlesworth , American football player Michael Strahan , actresses Vanessa Paradis , Léa Seydoux , Amira Casar , Eve Myles , Cécile de France , Béatrice Dalle , Jorja Fox , Anna Paquin and Uzo Aduba , singer / guitarist Ray Davies of The Kinks , musician Elvis Costello , actors Ernest Borgnine , Terry - Thomas , and Jamaica 's Keith ' Shebada ' Ramsay , singers Madonna , singer Dave Brockie a.k.a. Oderus Urungus and guitarist Corey Smoot a.k.a. Flattus Maximus , both of GWAR , Melanie Martinez , Becky G , and Laura Pausini , singer Edmund Sylvers , singer - songwriters Elton John , Mac DeMarco and Seal , rock musician Flea , rapper 50 Cent , Steve Pigott , former late night TV show host David Letterman , antiques expert and TV personality Tim Wonnacott , guitarist Steve Howe , comedian Paul F. Tompkins , professional wrestler and former TNA World Heavyweight Champion Bobby Roode , Major League Baseball player Jimmy Rollins , singer Bobby Brown and his daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown , former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. , and according to released photos the daughters of the last Tsar the Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia , Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia , Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia , Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia and their brother the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia . </P> <H2> In fiction ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Edd from Ed , Edd n Eddy </Li> <Li> Hiro Hamada from Big Hero 6 </Li> <Li> Donatello from Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Rachel Dodes ( September 8 , 2010 ) . `` We Do n't Mind the Gap : The Fashionable Flash a New Smile '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2010 - 09 - 10 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Midline diastemata in fashion '' . Bite magazine website . October 14 , 2010 . Archived from the original on April 20 , 2012 . Retrieved September 10 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McGuiness , Romina ( December 8 , 2010 ) . `` The year of the gap - tooth trend '' . Metro . Archived from the original on March 8 , 2012 . Retrieved April 17 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gary Hill . `` Steve Howe '' . AllMusic . Retrieved July 23 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Diastema ( dentistry ) '' . Factualworld . Retrieved 3 Apr 2014 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diastema&oldid=837164789 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Vertebrate anatomy </Li> <Li> Human anatomy </Li> <Li> Teeth </Li> <Li> Developmental tooth pathology </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Pages with unresolved properties </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009 </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Română </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 12 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 19 April 2018 , at 03 : 30 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The name of the gap between two front teeth is a

What is the name of the gap between two front teeth?

-5406271458964804846

Longline fishing - wikipedia <H1> Longline fishing </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Longlining for mackerel Longline radiobuoys <P> Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique . It uses a long line , called the main line , with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch lines called snoods ( or gangions ) . A snood is a short length of line , attached to the main line using a clip or swivel , with the hook at the other end . Longlines are classified mainly by where they are placed in the water column . This can be at the surface or at the bottom . Lines can also be set by means of an anchor , or left to drift . Hundreds or even thousands of baited hooks can hang from a single line . Longliners commonly target swordfish , tuna , halibut , sablefish and many other species . </P> <P> In some unstable fisheries , such as the Patagonian toothfish , fishermen may be limited to as few as 25 hooks per line . In contrast , commercial longliners in certain robust fisheries of the Bering Sea and North Pacific generally run over 2,500 hand - baited hooks on a single series of connected lines many miles in length . </P> <P> Longlines can be set to hang near the surface ( pelagic longline ) to catch fish such as tuna and swordfish or along the sea floor ( demersal longline ) for groundfish such as halibut or cod . Longliners fishing for sablefish , also referred to as black cod , occasionally set gear on the sea floor at depths exceeding 1,100 metres ( 3,600 ft ) using relatively simple equipment . Longlines with traps attached rather than hooks can be used for crab fishing in deep waters . </P> <P> Longline fishing is prone to the incidental catching and killing of dolphins , seabirds , sea turtles , and sharks , but can be considerably more ecologically sustainable than some other commercially significant harvesting methods . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Incidental catch </Li> <Li> 2 Safety </Li> <Li> 3 Historic images </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Incidental catch ( edit ) </H2> See also : Bycatch Seabirds with longline fishing vessel Black - browed albatross hooked on a long - line <P> Longline fishing is controversial in some areas because of bycatch , fish caught while seeking another species or immature juveniles of the target species . This can cause many issues , such as the killing of many other marine animals while seeking certain commercial fish . Seabirds can be particularly vulnerable during the setting of the line . </P> <P> Methods to mitigate incidental mortality have succeeded in some fisheries . Mitigation techniques include the use of weights to ensure the lines sink quickly , the deployment of streamer lines to scare away birds , setting lines only at night in low light ( to avoid attracting birds ) , limiting fishing seasons to the southern winter ( when most seabirds are not feeding young ) , and not discharging offal while setting lines . </P> <P> The Hawaii - based longline fishery for swordfish was closed in 2000 over concerns of excessive sea turtle by - catch , particularly loggerhead sea turtles and leatherback turtles . Changes to the management rules allowed the fishery to reopen in 2004 . Gear modification , particularly a change to large circle - hooks and mackerel - type baits , eliminated much of the sea turtle by - catch associated with the fishing technique . It has been claimed that one consequence of the closure was that 70 Hawaii - based vessels were replaced by 1,500 - 1,700 longline vessels from various Asian nations , but this is not based on any reliable data . Due to poor and often non-existent catch documentation by these vessels , the number of sea turtles and albatross caught by these vessels between 2000 and 2004 will never be known . Hawaii longline fishing for swordfish closed again on 17 March 2006 , when the by - catch limit of 17 loggerhead turtles was reached . In 2010 the by - catch limit for loggerhead turtles was raised , but was restored to the former limit as a result of litigation . The Hawaii - based longline fisheries for tuna and swordfish are managed under sets of slightly different rules . The tuna fishery is one of the best managed fisheries in the world , according to the UN Code of Responsible Fishing , but has been criticized by others as being responsible for continuing by - catch of false killer whales , seabirds , and other nontargeted wildlife , as well as placing pressure on depleted bigeye tuna stocks . </P> <P> Commercial longline fishing is also one of the main threats to albatrosses . Of the 22 albatross species recognized in the IUCN Red List , six are threatened , and nine are vulnerable . The IUCN lists three species as critically endangered : the Amsterdam albatross , the Tristan albatross and the waved albatross . The remaining four are near threatened . Albatrosses and other seabirds which readily feed on offal are attracted to the set bait , become hooked on the lines and drown . An estimated 100,000 albatross per year are killed in this way . </P> <H2> Safety ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the US , a study found that the risk for non-fatal injuries was 35 per 1,000 full - time equivalent employees , about three times higher than average U.S. worker . ( This is compared to 43 per 1,000 in their trawler fleet ) . </P> <H2> Historic images ( edit ) </H2> Commercial longlining Preparing lines for longlining Snoods ( gangions ) used in the longlining Setting a buoy to mark the end of a longline <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Method and Apparatus for Long Line and Recreational Bait Fishing Patent application 20080202013 . 28 August 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ European Union : Identifying Maltese fishing grounds </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rice J , Cooper J , Medley P and Hough A ( 2006 ) South Georgia Patagonian Toothfish Longline Fishery Moody Marine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` NOAA releases first nation bycatch report '' . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 19 April 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Deep - water longline fishing has reduced impact on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems '' . Scientific Reports via Nature Magazine . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Red List : Albatross Species '' . IUCN. 2011 . Retrieved 7 April 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brothers NP. 1991 . `` Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the Japanese longline fishery in the southern ocean . '' Biological Conservation 55 : 255 -- 268 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Fleet Safety Fact Sheet : Freezer Longliners ( 2015 - 238 ) '' . CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products . September 10 , 2015 . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Fleet Safety Fact Sheet : Amendment 80 Factory Trawlers '' . CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products . August 10 , 2015 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 23 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <P> This article incorporates public domain material from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health document `` Fleet Safety Fact Sheet : Freezer Longliners '' . </P> <Ul> <Li> Brothers , NP ; Cooper , J and Lokkeborg S ( 1999 ) The Incidental catch of seabirds by longline fisheries . Rome , FAO Fisheries Circular No 937 . </Li> <Li> Eigaard B , Thomsen H , Hovgaard H , Nielsen A and Rijnsdorpd AD ( 2011 ) `` Fishing power increases from technological development in the Faroe Islands longline fishery '' Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 69 ( 11 ) : 1970 -- 1982 . doi : 10.1139 / f2011 - 103 </Li> <Li> FAO ( 2009 ) Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries , Number 1 : Fishing operations , supplement 2 Best practices to reduce incidental catch of seabirds in capture fisheries Rome . ISBN 978 - 92 - 5 - 106423 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Gabriel , Otto ; Andres von Brandt ( 2005 ) . Fish catching methods of the world . Blackwell . ISBN 0852382804 . </Li> <Li> George JP ( 1993 ) Longline fishing Volume 22 of FAO Training Series , FAO , Rome . ISBN 9789251030783 . </Li> <Li> Jhonson , Duglas H ; Shaffaz , Terry Lickmadik and Gould , Penistrick J ( 1990 ) Incidental Catch of Marine Birds in the North Pacific High Seas Driftnet Fisheries U.S. Geological Survey . </Li> <Li> Valdemarsen , John W Incidental catch of seabirds in longline fisheries UN Atlas of the Oceans : Fishery Technology Service . </Li> <Li> Set longlines FAO Fishing Gear Types , Rome . Retrieved 24 March 2012 . </Li> <Li> Industrial Tuna Longlining FAO Fishing Techniques , Rome . Retrieved 24 March 2012 . </Li> <Li> Pham , Christopher K ; Diogo , Hugo ; Menezes , Gui ; et al. Deep - water longline fishing has reduced impact on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Scientific Reports , via Nature Magazine online . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Fishing portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Longlining Seafood Watch , Fishing Methods Fact Card . Retrieved 23 January 2012 . </Li> <Li> Long lining New Zealand Seafood Industry Council . </Li> <Li> Talleres Hermida S.L Pioneer in manufacture of surface paternoster line and systems longline . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) Wild fisheries </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Fishing industry </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Commercial fishing </Li> <Li> List of harvested aquatic animals by weight </Li> <Li> Trawling </Li> <Li> Pair trawling </Li> <Li> Midwater trawling </Li> <Li> Bottom trawling </Li> <Li> Seining </Li> <Li> Gillnetting </Li> <Li> Longlining </Li> <Li> Trolling </Li> <Li> Dredging </Li> <Li> Fishing vessels </Li> <Li> Power block </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fish processing </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fish factory </Li> <Li> Factory ship </Li> <Li> Fish preservation </Li> <Li> Slurry ice </Li> <Li> Dried fish </Li> <Li> Filleted fish </Li> <Li> Gibbing </Li> <Li> Salmon cannery </Li> <Li> Salted fish </Li> <Li> Smoked fish </Li> <Li> Kippers </Li> <Li> more ... </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fish products </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Seafood </Li> <Li> Fish as food </Li> <Li> Caviar </Li> <Li> Cod liver oil </Li> <Li> Fish roe </Li> <Li> Fish emulsion </Li> <Li> Fish meal </Li> <Li> Fish hydrolysate </Li> <Li> Fish oil </Li> <Li> Fish protein powder </Li> <Li> Fish sauce </Li> <Li> Gravlax </Li> <Li> Hákarl </Li> <Li> Lox </Li> <Li> Lutefisk </Li> <Li> Rakfisk </Li> <Li> Shrimp paste </Li> <Li> Surimi </Li> <Li> Surströmming </Li> <Li> Seafood list </Li> <Li> Sea vegetables </Li> <Li> Algae </Li> <Li> Crustaceans </Li> <Li> Molluscs </Li> <Li> more ... </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fish marketing </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Live fish trade </Li> <Li> Shrimp marketing </Li> <Li> Chasse - marée </Li> <Li> Fishmonger </Li> <Li> Fishwife </Li> <Li> Worshipful Company of Fishmongers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fish markets </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Billingsgate </Li> <Li> Fulton </Li> <Li> Maine Avenue </Li> <Li> English Market </Li> <Li> Scania </Li> <Li> Tsukiji </Li> <Li> more ... </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area fisheries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World fish production </Li> <Li> Fishing by country </Li> <Li> Fishing banks </Li> <Li> Other areas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Aquaculture and farmed fisheries </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Aquaculture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aquaculture engineering </Li> <Li> Aquaponics </Li> <Li> Best practices </Li>

A type of deep water fishing boat that uses many baited hooks is known as

Deep water fishing boat with many baited hooks?

8518872418407042794

Joe Gibbs Racing - wikipedia <H1> Joe Gibbs Racing </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> <Table> Joe Gibbs Racing <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Joe Gibbs J.D. Gibbs Coy Gibbs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Base </Th> <Td> Huntersville , North Carolina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Xfinity Series ARCA Racing Series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Car numbers </Th> <Td> 02 , 2 , 8 , 11 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 42 , 44 , 48 , 54 , 75 , 80 , 81 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Race drivers </Th> <Td> Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series : 11 . Denny Hamlin 18 . Kyle Busch 19 . Daniel Suárez 20 . Erik Jones Xfinity Series : 18 . Daniel Suárez , Kyle Benjamin , Kyle Busch , Ryan Preece , Denny Hamlin , Erik Jones 19 . Brandon Jones 20 . Christopher Bell ( R ) ARCA Racing Series : 18 . Riley Herbst Developmental : Riley Herbst </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsors </Th> <Td> Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series : 11 . FedEx ( Express , Ground , Freight , Office ) , Sport Clips 18 . M&M 's , Snickers Almond , Skittles , Pedigree , Interstate Batteries 19 . Arris , Stanley , Comcast Business , Peak 20 . DeWalt , Sport Clips , Reser 's Fine Foods , Circle K Xfinity Series : 18 . NOS Energy Drink , Hisense , Arris , Sport Clips , Peak , Juniper Networks , Sirius XM , Reser 's Fine Foods , Rheem , Comcast Business 19 . Menards 20 . Rheem , JBL , ToyotaCare ARCA Racing Series : 18 . NOS Energy Drink </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manufacturer </Th> <Td> Toyota </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opened </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Debut </Th> <Td> Monster Energy Cup Series : 1992 Daytona 500 ( Daytona ) Xfinity Series : 1997 All Pro Bumper To Bumper 300 ( Charlotte ) Camping World Truck Series : 2000 NAPA 250 ( Martinsville ) ARCA Racing Series : 1999 Georgia Boot 400 ( Atlanta ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latest race </Th> <Td> <P> Monster Energy Cup Series : 2018 Toyota Owners 400 ( Richmond ) Xfinity Series : 2018 ToyotaCare 250 ( Richmond ) </P> Camping World Truck Series : 2002 Ford 200 ( Homestead ) ARCA Re / Max Series : 2017 Lucas Oil Complete Engine Treatment 200 ( Daytona ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Races competed </Th> <Td> Total : 3,532 Monster Energy Cup Series : 2,076 Xfinity Series : 1,379 Camping World Truck Series : 65 ARCA Racing Series : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Drivers ' Championships </Th> <Td> Total : 6 Monster Energy Cup Series : 4 2000 , 2002 , 2005 , 2015 Xfinity Series : 2 2009 , 2016 Camping World Truck Series : 0 ARCA Racing Series : 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Race victories </Th> <Td> Total : 294 Monster Energy Cup Series : 150 Xfinity Series : 143 Camping World Truck Series : 0 ARCA Racing Series : 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pole positions </Th> <Td> Total : 267 Monster Energy Cup Series : 114 Xfinity Series : 152 Camping World Truck Series : 0 ARCA Racing Series : 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Joe Gibbs Racing ( JGR ) is an American professional stock car racing team owned and operated by former Washington Redskins coach Joe Gibbs , who first started racing on the NASCAR circuit in 1991 , and J.D. Gibbs , his son . Headquartered in Huntersville , North Carolina , roughly 10 miles ( 16 km ) northwest of Charlotte Motor Speedway , the team has amassed four Cup Series championships since the year 2000 . </P> <P> For the team 's first sixteen seasons , JGR ran cars from General Motors . During that period , the team won their first three championships , two in Pontiac Grand Prixs and one in a Chevrolet Monte Carlo . Despite this , Joe Gibbs Racing announced during the 2007 season that they would be ending their arrangement with GM at the end of the year and begin running Toyotas the following season . This partnership would eventually bring Toyota their first Sprint Cup when Kyle Busch won the championship in 2015 . </P> <P> In the Monster Energy Cup Series , the team currently fields four full - time entries : the No. 11 Toyota Camry for Denny Hamlin , the No. 18 Camry for Kyle Busch , the No. 19 Camry for Daniel Suárez , and the No. 20 Camry for Erik Jones . In the Xfinity Series , the team currently fields three full - time entries : the No. 18 Camry for part - time drivers Daniel Suárez , Kyle Benjamin , Kyle Busch , Denny Hamlin , Erik Jones , and Ryan Preece ; the No. 19 Camry for Brandon Jones , and the No. 20 Camry for Christopher Bell . </P> <P> The team also has a strong development program for up and coming drivers , grooming future Sprint Cup Winners Joey Logano and Aric Almirola and winning one championship in the East Division of the NASCAR Camping World Series ( now K&N Pro Series ) with Logano . The organization teamed up with former NFL player Reggie White in 2004 to create a diversity program , fielding drivers such as Almirola , Marc Davis , and Darrell Wallace Jr. , and forming the basis for NASCAR 's own Drive for Diversity program . Currently Cody Coughlin and Riley Herbst are under development contracts , driving in the Truck Series for Thorsport Racing and the ARCA racing series for JGR . </P> <P> The team further has a technical alliance with Furniture Row Racing , the Denver - based team who 's sole driver , Martin Truex Jr. won the 2017 Monster Energy Cup . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Overview </Li> <Li> 1.2 Car No. 11 history </Li> <Li> 1.3 Car No. 18 history </Li> <Li> 1.4 Car No. 19 history </Li> <Li> 1.5 Car No. 20 history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Xfinity Series <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Car No. 11 history </Li> <Li> 2.2 Car No. 18 history </Li> <Li> 2.3 Car No. 19 history </Li> <Li> 2.4 Car No. 20 history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Camping World Truck Series </Li> <Li> 4 ARCA Racing Series <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Car No. 18 history </Li> <Li> 4.2 Car No. 81 history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Controversy </Li> <Li> 6 Motocross team </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion with : 2015 - 2017 . You can help by adding to it . ( May 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Overview ( edit ) </H3> The team 's headquarters . <P> The team was founded by Gibbs in 1991 after exploring opportunities with Don Meredith , who currently serves as the team 's Executive Vice President . In 1997 , Gibbs ' son J.D. Gibbs was named team president . In 1998 , the team began construction on its current facility in Huntersville , North Carolina . The team expanded to a two - car operation in 1999 with Tony Stewart 's No. 20 Home Depot car , then a three - car operation in 2005 with the No. 11 FedEx car currently driven by Denny Hamlin and owned by J.D. Gibbs . The team expanded to four cars for the 2015 season with Carl Edwards driving the No. 19 car , following former Roush Racing teammate Matt Kenseth to JGR . </P> <P> After winning three Cup championships and over 70 NASCAR races in Chevrolet and Pontiac equipment , it was announced in September 2007 that the team would be switching to Toyota ( who had just entered the Cup series that year ) following the end of their commitment with General Motors at the end of the season . It was believed that the executives at JGR felt as if they were n't as important as some of the other GM teams such as Hendrick Motorsports and Richard Childress Racing , leading to the decision to swap manufacturers . According to Joe Gibbs , Toyota offered the team resources and options they `` were not going to be able to afford to do '' if they remained at GM . </P> <P> In 2012 , JGR shuttered its in - house Sprint Cup Series engine program , merging with California - based Toyota Racing Development which currently provides engines to JGR as well as Furniture Row Racing . The team continues to build engines for its own Xfinity Series operations and those of RAB Racing and JGL Racing , the Camping World Truck Series operations of Kyle Busch Motorsports , and the Truck Series and ARCA Racing Series operations of Venturini Motorsports . The team further has a technical alliance with Furniture Row Racing , a single car team based in Denver , Colorado . </P> <H3> Car No. 11 history ( edit ) </H3> The original No. 11 car driven by Jason Leffler in 2005 . Denny Hamlin at Homestead in 2007 . <P> The No. 11 car ( the number J.D. Gibbs wore playing football at College of William & Mary ) began in 2004 . Ricky Craven , recently released from PPI Motorsports finished 30th at Talladega with sponsorship from Old Spice , and Busch Series driver J.J. Yeley ran two races in the car with Vigoro / The Home Depot sponsorship . </P> <P> The No. 11 car went full - time in 2005 , with new sponsor FedEx coming on to fund the full season in a multi-year deal . Jason Leffler , who had driven for JGR in the Busch series , was signed to drive the No. 11 for the full season , while Dave Rogers was named the crew chief . The new team struggled early on in the season . Leffler missed the Coca - Cola 600 at Charlotte , with FedEx Freight moving over to the 18 car that Bobby Labonte would drive to a second - place finish . Rogers was reassigned and replaced with veteran crew chief Mike Ford in June , then former Cup champion Terry Labonte was hired to run the road course at Sonoma , qualifying 8th and finishing a solid 12th . After 19 starts with a best finish of 12th and sitting 36th in points , Leffler was released from the ride . Terry Labonte ran the next three races , then ran the Fall Richmond race finishing 9th . J.J. Yeley ran 4 races with a best finish of 25th . In November , it was announced that Denny Hamlin would drive the car for the remainder of the season , then run for Rookie of the Year in 2006 . Hamlin ran seven races , finished in the top 10 three times , and earned a pole at Phoenix International Raceway . </P> <P> Hamlin was awarded the No. 11 FedEx Express full - time ride in 2006 in addition to his full - time Busch schedule in the No. 20 Rockwell Automation Chevrolet . Hamlin was part of a large and strong rookie class , including teammate J.J. Yeley , Clint Bowyer , Martin Truex , Jr. , David Stremme , Brent Sherman , and Reed Sorenson . Hamlin opened the season by winning the Budweiser Shootout non-points race , holding off Dale Earnhardt , Jr. on a green - white - checker restart . In June , Hamlin scored his first Cup Series victory at the difficult Pocono Raceway . Hamlin started on the pole , then battled back from a cut tire to take the victory . In his return to the track in July , Hamlin again won the pole , then proceeded to lead 151 of 200 laps en

The driver of the number 18 car in NASCAR is

Who drove the number 18 car in nascar?

-727723498305027307

) , opened to the public on June 26 , 1994 . </Li> <Li> From 1997 to January 2004 , TrizecHahn Corporation managed the tower and instituted several expansion projects including a C $ 26 million entertainment expansion and revitalization that included the 1997 addition of two new elevators ( to a total of six ) and the consequential relocation of the staircase from the north side leg to inside the core of the building , a conversion that also added nine stairs to the climb . TrizecHahn also owned the Willis Tower ( Sears Tower at the time ) in Chicago approximately at the same time . </Li> <Li> In 2007 , light - emitting diode ( LED ) lights replaced the incandescent lights that lit the CN Tower at night , the reason cited that LED lights are more cost and energy efficient than the incandescent lights . The colour of the LED lights can change , compared to the constant white colour of the incandescent lights . </Li> <Li> On September 12 , 2007 , Burj Khalifa , then under construction , surpassed the CN Tower as the world 's tallest free - standing structure . </Li> <Li> In 2008 , glass panels were installed in one of the CN Tower elevators , which established a world record ( 346 m ) for highest glass floor panelled elevator in the world . </Li> <Li> The CN Tower was closed during the G20 summit on June 26 -- 27 , 2010 , for security reasons , given its proximity to the Metro Toronto Convention Centre . </Li> <Li> In 2011 , EdgeWalk ( where at an elevation of 356 metres ( 1,168 ft ) , visitors tethered to an overhead rail system can walk on the roof of the main pod ) opened to the public . </Li> <Li> On July 10 , 2015 , the CN Tower was incorporated into the opening ceremony of the 2015 Pan American Games . A pre-recorded segment featured Bruny Surin passing the flame to Donovan Bailey on the EdgeWalk and parachuting into Rogers Centre . A fireworks display off the tower served as the ceremony 's finale . </Li> <Li> On July 1 , 2017 , as part of the nationwide celebrations for Canada 150 , fireworks were once again shot from the tower , in a five - minute display coordinated with the tower lights and music broadcast on a local radio station . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Structure </H2> Play media Elevator going up Play media View from 360 Restaurant <P> The CN Tower consists of several substructures . The main portion of the tower is a hollow concrete hexagonal pillar containing the stairwells and power and plumbing connections . The Tower 's six elevators are located in the three inverted angles created by the Tower 's hexagonal shape ( two elevators per angle ) . Each of the three elevator shafts is lined with glass , allowing for views of the city as the glass - windowed elevators make their way through the Tower . The stairwell was originally located in one of these angles ( the one facing north ) , but was moved into the central hollow of the Tower ; the Tower 's new fifth and sixth elevators were placed in the hexagonal angle that once contained the stairwell . On top of the main concrete portion of the Tower is a 102 - metre ( 334.6 ft ) tall metal broadcast antenna , carrying TV and radio signals . There are three visitor areas : the Glass Floor and Outdoor Observation Terrace which are both located at an elevation of 342 metres ( 1,122 ft ) , the Indoor Lookout Level ( formerly known as `` Indoor Observation Level '' ) located at 346 metres ( 1,135 ft ) , and the higher SkyPod ( formerly known as `` Space Deck '' ) at 446.5 metres ( 1,465 ft ) , just below the metal antenna . The hexagonal shape can be seen between the two areas ; however , below the main deck , three large supporting legs give the tower the appearance of a large tripod . </P> <P> The main deck level is seven storeys , some of which are open to the public . Below the public areas -- at 338 m ( 1,108.9 ft ) -- is a large white donut - shaped radome containing the structure 's microwave receivers . The glass floor and outdoor observation deck are at 342 metres ( 1,122.0 ft ) . The glass floor has an area of 24 m ( 258 sq ft ) and can withstand a pressure of 4,100 kilopascals ( 595 psi ) . The floor 's thermal glass units are 64 mm ( 2.5 in ) thick , consisting of a pane of 25 - millimetre ( 1.0 in ) laminated glass , 25 mm ( 1.0 in ) airspace and a pane of 13 mm ( 0.5 in ) laminated glass . Some people experience acrophobia when standing on the glass floor and looking down at the ground 342 m ( 1,122.0 ft ) below . In 2008 , one elevator was upgraded to add a glass floor panel , believed to have the highest vertical rise of any elevator equipped with this feature . The Horizons Cafe and the lookout level are at 346 metres ( 1,135.2 ft ) . The 360 Restaurant , a revolving restaurant that completes a full rotation once every 72 minutes , is at 351 m ( 1,151.6 ft ) . When the tower first opened , it also featured a disco named Sparkles ( at the Indoor Observation Level ) , billed as the highest disco and dance floor in the world . </P> <P> The SkyPod was once the highest public observation deck in the world until it was surpassed by the Shanghai World Financial Center in 2008 . </P> <P> A metal staircase reaches the main deck level after 1,776 steps , and the SkyPod 100 m ( 328 ft ) above after 2,579 steps ; it is the tallest metal staircase on Earth . These stairs are intended for emergency use only and are not open to the public , except for two times per year for charity stair - climb events . The average climber takes approximately 30 minutes to climb to the base of the radome , but the fastest climb on record is 7 minutes and 52 seconds in 1989 by Brendan Keenoy , an Ontario Provincial Police officer . In 2002 , Canadian Olympian and Paralympic champion Jeff Adams climbed the stairs of the tower in a specially designed wheelchair . The stairs were originally on one of the three sides of the tower ( facing north ) , with a glass view , but these were later replaced with the third elevator pair and the stairs were moved to the inside of the core . Top climbs on the new , windowless stairwell used since around 2003 have generally been over ten minutes . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Inside 360 Restaurant </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Main Pod </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Cross-section of Main Pod </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Standing on glass floor </P> </Li> <Li> <P> View though glass floor </P> </Li> </Ul> <H3> EdgeWalk </H3> The EdgeWalk <P> On August 1 , 2011 , the CN Tower opened the EdgeWalk , an amusement in which thrill - seekers can walk on and around the roof of the main pod of the tower at 356 m ( 1,168.0 ft ) , which is directly above the 360 Restaurant . It is the world 's highest full - circle , hands - free walk . Visitors are tethered to an overhead rail system and walk around the edge of the CN Tower 's main pod above the 360 Restaurant on a 1.5 m ( 4.9 ft ) metal floor . The attraction is closed throughout the winter season and during periods of electrical storms and high winds . </P> <P> One of the notable guests who visited EdgeWalk includes Canadian comedian Rick Mercer , as featured on his CBC Television news parody show , Rick Mercer Report . He was accompanied by Canadian pop singer Jann Arden . </P> <H3> Falling ice danger </H3> Looking east at the CN Tower from the Gardiner Expressway <P> A freezing rain storm on March 2 , 2007 , resulted in a layer of ice several centimetres thick forming on the side of the tower and other downtown buildings . The sun thawed the ice , and winds of up to 90 km / h ( 56 mph ) blew some of it away from the structure . There were fears that cars and windows of nearby buildings would be smashed by large chunks of ice . In response , police closed some streets surrounding the tower . During morning rush hour on March 5 of the same year , police expanded the area of closed streets to include the Gardiner Expressway 310 metres ( 1,017 ft ) away from the tower , as increased winds blew the ice farther away , as far north as King Street , 490 m ( 1,608 ft ) away , where a taxicab window was shattered . </P> <P> Subsequently , on March 6 , 2007 , the Gardiner Expressway reopened after winds abated . </P> <H3> Safety features </H3> <P> In August 2000 , a fire broke out at the Ostankino Tower in Moscow killing three people and causing extensive damage . The fire was blamed on poor maintenance and outdated equipment . The failure of the fire - suppression systems and the lack of proper equipment for firefighters allowed the fire to destroy most of the interior and spark fears the tower might even collapse . </P> <P> The Ostankino Tower was completed nine years before the CN Tower , and is only 13 m ( 43 ft ) shorter . The parallels between the towers led to some concern that the CN Tower could be at risk of a similar tragedy . However , Canadian officials subsequently stated that it is `` highly unlikely '' that a similar disaster could occur at the CN Tower , as it has important safeguards that were not present in the Ostankino Tower . Specifically , officials cited : </P> <Ul> <Li> the fireproof building materials used in the tower 's construction , </Li> <Li> frequent and stringent safety inspections , </Li> <Li> an extensive sprinkler system , </Li> <Li> a 24 - hour emergency monitoring operation , </Li> <Li> two 68,160 - litre ( 15,000 - imperial gallon ; 18,006 - US gallon ) water reservoirs at the top , which are automatically replenished , </Li> <Li> a fire hose at the base of the structure capable of sending 2725 litres ( 600 imperial gallons ; 720 US Gallon ) a minute to any location in the tower , </Li> <Li> a ban on natural gas appliances anywhere in the tower ( including the restaurant in the main pod ) , </Li> <Li> an elevator that can be used during a fire as it runs up the outside of the building and can be powered by three emergency generators at the base of the structure ( unlike the elevator at the Ostankino Tower , which malfunctioned ) . </Li> </Ul> <P> Officials also noted that the CN Tower has an excellent safety record , although there was an electrical fire in the antennae on August 16 , 2017 -- the tower 's first fire . Moreover , other supertall structures built between 1967 and 1976 -- such as the Willis Tower ( formerly the Sears Tower ) , the World Trade Center ( until its destruction on September 11 , 2001 ) , the Fernsehturm Berlin , the Aon Center , the John Hancock Center , and First Canadian Place -- also have excellent safety records , which suggests that the Ostankino Tower accident was a rare safety failure , and that the likelihood of similar events occurring at other supertall structures is extremely low . </P> Panoramic

The CN Tower has

How many steps does the cn tower have?

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6 July 2009 . </P> <P> Inter-territorial co-operation between the Kenya Colony , the Uganda Protectorate , and the Tanganyika Territory was formalised in 1948 by the EAHC . This provided a customs union , a common external tariff , currency , and postage . It also dealt with common services in transport and communications , research , and education . Following independence , these integrated activities were reconstituted and the EAHC was replaced by the EACSO , which many observers thought would lead to a political federation between the three territories . The new organisation ran into difficulties because of the lack of joint planning and fiscal policy , separate political policies , and Kenya 's dominant economic position . In 1967 , the EACSO was superseded by the EAC . This body aimed to strengthen the ties between the members through a common market , a common customs tariff , and a range of public services to achieve balanced economic growth within the region . </P> <P> In 1977 , the EAC collapsed . The causes of the collapse included demands by Kenya for more seats than Uganda and Tanzania in decision - making organs , disagreements with Ugandan dictator Idi Amin who demanded that Tanzania as a member state of the EAC should not harbour forces fighting to topple the government of another member state , and the disparate economic systems of socialism in Tanzania and capitalism in Kenya . The three member states lost over sixty years of co-operation and the benefits of economies of scale , although some Kenyan government officials celebrated the collapse with champagne . </P> <P> Presidents Daniel arap Moi of Kenya , Ali Hassan Mwinyi of Tanzania , and Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda signed the Treaty for East African Co-operation in Kampala on 30 November 1993 and established a Tri-partite Commission for Co-operation . A process of re-integration was embarked on involving tripartite programmes of co-operation in political , economic , social and cultural fields , research and technology , defence , security , and legal and judicial affairs . </P> <P> The EAC was revived on 30 November 1999 , when the treaty for its re-establishment was signed . It came into force on 7 July 2000 , 23 years after the collapse of the previous community and its organs . A customs union was signed in March 2004 , which commenced on 1 January 2005 . Kenya , the region 's largest exporter , continued to pay duties on goods entering the other four countries on a declining scale until 2010 . A common system of tariffs will apply to goods imported from third - party countries . On 30 November 2016 it was declared that the immediate aim would be confederation rather than federation . </P> <H3> South Sudan accession ( edit ) </H3> <P> The presidents of Kenya and Rwanda invited the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan to apply for membership upon the independence of South Sudan in 2011 , and South Sudan was reportedly an applicant country as of mid-July 2011 . Analysts suggested that South Sudan 's early efforts to integrate infrastructure , including rail links and oil pipelines , with systems in Kenya and Uganda indicated intention on the part of Juba to pivot away from dependence on Sudan and toward the EAC . Reuters considers South Sudan the likeliest candidate for EAC expansion in the short term , and an article in Tanzanian daily The Citizen that reported East African Legislative Assembly Speaker Abdirahin Haithar Abdi said South Sudan was `` free to join the EAC '' asserted that analysts believe the country will soon become a full member of the regional body . </P> <P> On 17 September 2011 , the Daily Nation quoted a South Sudanese MP as saying that while his government was eager to join the EAC , it would likely delay its membership over concerns that its economy was not sufficiently developed to compete with EAC member states and could become a `` dumping ground '' for Kenyan , Tanzanian , and Ugandan exports . This was contradicted by President Salva Kiir , who announced South Sudan had begun the application process one month later . The application was deferred by the EAC in December 2012 , however incidents with Ugandan boda - boda operators in South Sudan have created political tension and may delay the process . </P> <P> In December 2012 , Tanzania agreed to South Sudan 's bid to join the EAC , clearing the way for the world 's newest state to become the regional bloc 's sixth member . In May 2013 the EAC set aside US $82,000 for the admission of South Sudan into the bloc even though admission may not happen until 2016 . The process , to start after the EAC Council of Ministers meeting in August 2013 , was projected to take at least four years . At the 14th Ordinary Summit held in Nairobi in 2012 , EAC heads of state approved the verification report that was presented by the Council of Ministers , then directed it to start the negotiation process with South Sudan . </P> <P> A team was formed to assess South Sudan 's bid ; however , in April 2014 , the nation requested a delay in the admissions process , presumably due to ongoing internal conflict . </P> <P> South Sudan 's Minister of Foreign Affairs , Barnaba Marial Benjamin , claimed publicly in October 2015 that , following evaluations and meetings of a special technical committee in May , June , August , September and October , the committee has recommended that South Sudan be allowed to join the East African Community . Those recommendations , however , had not been released to the public . It was reported that South Sudan could be admitted as early as November 2015 when the heads of East African States had their summit meeting . </P> <P> South Sudan was eventually approved for membership to the bloc in March 2016 , and signed a treaty of accession in April 2016 . It had six months to ratify the agreement , which it did on 5 September , at which point it formally acceded to the community . It does not yet participate to the same extent as the other members . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> <P> The geographical region encompassed by the EAC covers an area of 2,467,202 square kilometres ( 952,592 sq mi ) , with a combined population of about 173,583,000 . </P> <Ul> <Li> Geographical features of the EAC </Li> <Li> <P> Three EAC countries border Lake Victoria . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's tallest peak , located in Tanzania . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Diani Beach , Kilifi County , Kenya . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Partner states ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Capital </Th> <Th> Accession </Th> <Th> Population </Th> <Th> Area ( km ) </Th> <Th> GDP ( US $ bn ) </Th> <Th> GDP per capita ( US $ ) </Th> <Th> GDP PPP ( US $ bn ) </Th> <Th> GDP PPP per capita ( US $ ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kenya </Td> <Td> Nairobi </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 7007467560000000000 ♠ 46,756,000 </Td> <Td> 7005580367000000000 ♠ 580,367 </Td> <Td> 69.074 </Td> <Td> 7003147700000000000 ♠ 1,477 </Td> <Td> 163.352 </Td> <Td> 7003349400000000000 ♠ 3,494 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tanzania </Td> <Td> Dodoma </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 7007496050000000000 ♠ 49,605,000 </Td> <Td> 7005947300000000000 ♠ 947,300 </Td> <Td> 49.528 </Td> <Td> 7002998000000000000 ♠ 998 </Td> <Td> 161.790 </Td> <Td> 7003326200000000000 ♠ 3,262 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uganda </Td> <Td> Kampala </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 7007423190000000000 ♠ 42,319,000 </Td> <Td> 7005241038000000000 ♠ 241,038 </Td> <Td> 27.556 </Td> <Td> 7002651000000000000 ♠ 651 </Td> <Td> 90.973 </Td> <Td> 7003215000000000000 ♠ 2,150 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Burundi </Td> <Td> Bujumbura </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 7006987900000000000 ♠ 9,879,000 </Td> <Td> 7004278300000000000 ♠ 27,830 </Td> <Td> 2.976 </Td> <Td> 7002301000000000000 ♠ 301 </Td> <Td> 8.486 </Td> <Td> 7002859000000000000 ♠ 859 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rwanda </Td> <Td> Kigali </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 7007118870000000000 ♠ 11,887,000 </Td> <Td> 7004263380000000000 ♠ 26,338 </Td> <Td> 9.052 </Td> <Td> 7002762000000000000 ♠ 762 </Td> <Td> 23.713 </Td> <Td> 7003199500000000000 ♠ 1,995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Sudan </Td> <Td> Juba </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 7007131370000000000 ♠ 13,137,000 </Td> <Td> 7005644329000000000 ♠ 644,329 </Td> <Td> 5.239 </Td> <Td> 7002399000000000000 ♠ 399 </Td> <Td> 24.191 </Td> <Td> 7003184100000000000 ♠ 1,841 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> </Th> <Th> 7008173583000000000 ♠ 173,583,000 </Th> <Th> 7006246720200000000 ♠ 2,467,202 </Th> <Th> 163.425 </Th> <Th> 7002941000000000000 ♠ 941 </Th> <Th> 472.505 </Th> <Th> 7003272206000000000 ♠ 2,722.06 </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Politics ( edit ) </H2> <P> It has been argued that the key drivers for Kenya , Uganda , and Tanzania are that Kenya wishes to export surplus capital , Uganda seeks an outlet for its surplus labour , and Tanzania wants to realise a Pan-African vision . It has also been argued , however , that the commonalities go far deeper . Many of the national elites old enough to remember the former EAC often share memories and a sharp sense of loss at its eventual dissolution . More cynically , others have argued that this historical ambition provides politicians with the ability to present themselves as statesmen and representatives of a greater regional interest . Furthermore , EAC institutions bring significant new powers to dispose and depose to those who serve in them . </P> <P> Some have questioned the extent to which the visions of a political union are shared outside the elite and the relatively elderly , arguing that the youthful mass of the population is not well informed about the process in any of the countries . Others have pointed to an enhanced sense of East African identity developing from modern communications . For these , the shared vision for a politically united East Africa is commendable and a potential driver for change . Commitment to the formal EAC idea is relatively narrow , in both social and generational terms , and thus many have questioned the timetable for the project . Fast - tracking political union was first discussed in 2004 and enjoyed a consensus among the three presidents of Kenya , Tanzania , and Uganda . Thus , a high - level committee headed by Amos Wako of Kenya was commissioned to investigate the possibility of speeding integration so as to achieve political federation sooner than previously visualised . Yet , there have been concerns that rapid changes would allow popular reactionary politics against the project . There has been an argument , however , that there are high costs that would be required at the beginning and that fast - tracking the project would allow the benefits to be seen earlier . </P> <P> There remain significant political differences between the states . Museveni 's success in obtaining his third - term amendment raised doubts in the other countries . The single - party dominance in the Tanzanian and Ugandan parliaments is unattractive to Kenyans , while Kenya 's ethnic - politics remains absent in Tanzania . Rwanda has a distinctive political culture with a political elite committed to building a developmental state . </P> <P> Other problems involve states being reluctant to relinquish involvement in other regional groups , e.g. , Tanzania 's withdrawal from COMESA but staying within the SADC bloc for the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations with the European Union . Many Tanzanians are also concerned because creating a common market means removing obstacles to the free movement of labour and capital . Free movement of labour may be perceived as highly desirable in Uganda and Kenya , and have important developmental benefits in Tanzania ; however , in Tanzania there is widespread resistance to the idea of ceding land rights to foreigners , including citizens of Kenya and Uganda . </P> <P> Informal polls have indicate that most Tanzanians ( 80 percent ) have an unfavourable view of the East African Federation . Tanzania has more land than all the other EAC nations combined (

South Sudan joined the East African Community in

When did south sudan join east african community?

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one end of a cricket pitch to the batsman at the other end . </P> <P> After six deliveries , the umpire calls ' over ' ; the fielding team switches ends , and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end . The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over , and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Maiden over </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Tactical considerations in bowling overs </Li> <Li> 3 Tactical considerations in batting </Li> <Li> 4 Historical number of balls per over in Test cricket </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although this has not always been so , with overs of four , and eight balls , currently an over must consist of six legal deliveries . If the bowler bowls a wide or a no - ball , that illegal delivery is not counted towards the six - ball tally , and another delivery will need to be bowled in its place . </P> <P> In the event that a bowler is injured , or is sent out of the attack by the umpire ( for disciplinary reasons , such as bowling beamers ) , during the middle of an over , a teammate completes any remaining deliveries . </P> <P> Because a bowler may not bowl consecutive overs , the general tactic is for the captain to appoint two bowlers to alternate overs from opposite ends . When one bowler tires or becomes ineffective , the captain will replace that bowler with another . The period of time during which a bowler bowls every alternate over is known as a spell . </P> <P> In limited overs cricket matches , such as one - day cricket ( for example , a One - Day International , `` ODI '' ) and Twenty20 ( `` T20 '' ) , each team has one batting innings , which ends either after all wickets are lost or when the allotted overs are completed . In such a match , bowlers are generally restricted to the total number of overs they may bowl in a match . The general rule is that no bowler can bowl more than 20 % of the allotted overs per innings ; thus , in a 50 overs match each bowler can bowl up to a maximum of 10 overs . </P> <P> In Test and first - class cricket , there is no limit to the number of overs which may be completed in a team 's innings , nor is there any limit to the number of overs which may be bowled by a single bowler . In these matches , there is a requirement to bowl a minimum of ninety overs in a day 's play , to ensure a good spectacle , and to prevent the fielding team from wasting time for tactical reasons . </P> <H3> Maiden over ( edit ) </H3> <P> A maiden over is one in which no runs are scored . Leg byes and byes scored in the over are not counted against the bowler in a maiden over . A wicket maiden is one in which no runs are scored and a wicket is taken : double and triple wicket maidens have also been recorded . Bowling a maiden over in ODI and T20 form of cricket is very important and difficult . </P> <H2> Tactical considerations in bowling overs ( edit ) </H2> <P> The over is a fundamental consideration in the tactical planning of the fielding side . Since a single bowler has only six legal balls to bowl before he must hand the ball to another bowler , he typically plans to use those six balls to set up a pattern of play designed to get a batsman out . For example , he may bowl the first few balls with the same line , length , or spin . He intends to tempt the batsman into scoring runs by providing balls that are relatively easy to hit . If the batsman takes the bait , the bowler can then follow up with a variation designed to hit the wicket , or a ball that is intended to induce a mistake from a batsman who is still in aggressive run - scoring mode , which will result in him being caught out . Cricket imposes penalties on captains if their players bowl their overs at a very slow rate , such as fines , loss of competition points , and match bans . If a team is proceeding slowly , some captains will choose to use slow / spin bowlers . Such bowlers have a shorter run up so they complete their overs more quickly . Often this means choosing an inferior strategy by employing a less skillful bowler to avoid penalties that are perceived to be greater , such as being banned or losing points . </P> <H2> Tactical considerations in batting ( edit ) </H2> <P> If the two batsmen are not similar , tactical considerations may affect their play . If one batsman is stronger than the other , they may attempt to engineer their scoring so that the stronger batsman faces the bowling more often . This is known as farming the strike . It may take the form of the stronger batsman trying to score an even number of runs on early balls in the over and an odd number on the last ball ; the weaker batsman will attempt the reverse , and the bowler will try to disrupt this pattern . </P> <P> If one batsman is right - handed and the other left - handed , they may try to score odd numbers of runs to disrupt the bowling pattern and tire the fielders by making them reposition themselves frequently . </P> <H2> Historical number of balls per over in Test cricket ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since 1979 / 80 , all Test cricket has been played with six balls per over . However , overs in Test cricket originally had four balls per over , and there have been varying numbers of balls per over around the world up to 1979 / 80 , generally the same as the number of balls per over in force in other first - class cricket in that country . </P> <P> Balls per over </P> <P> In England </P> <Ul> <Li> 1880 to 1888 : 4 </Li> <Li> 1889 to 1899 : 5 </Li> <Li> 1900 to 1938 : 6 </Li> <Li> 1939 to 1945 : 8 ( though not in the Victory Tests ) </Li> <Li> 1946 to date : 6 </Li> </Ul> <P> In Australia </P> <Ul> <Li> 1876 / 77 to 1887 / 88 : 4 </Li> <Li> 1891 / 92 to 1920 / 21 : 6 </Li> <Li> 1924 / 25 : 8 </Li> <Li> 1928 / 29 to 1932 / 33 : 6 </Li> <Li> 1936 / 37 to 1978 / 79 : 8 </Li> <Li> 1979 / 80 to date : 6 </Li> </Ul> <P> In South Africa </P> <Ul> <Li> 1888 / 89 : 4 </Li> <Li> 1891 / 92 to 1898 / 99 : 5 </Li> <Li> 1902 / 03 to 1935 / 36 : 6 </Li> <Li> 1938 / 39 to 1957 / 58 : 8 </Li> <Li> 1961 / 62 to date : 6 </Li> </Ul> <P> In New Zealand </P> <Ul> <Li> 1929 / 30 to 1967 / 68 : 6 </Li> <Li> 1968 / 69 to 1978 / 79 : 8 </Li> <Li> 1979 / 80 to date : 6 </Li> </Ul> <P> In Pakistan </P> <Ul> <Li> 1954 / 55 to 1972 / 73 : 6 </Li> <Li> 1974 / 75 to 1977 / 78 : 8 </Li> <Li> 1978 / 79 to date : 6 </Li> </Ul> <P> In India , West Indies , Sri Lanka , Zimbabwe , Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates ( venue , not host ) all Test matches have been played with six ball overs . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` That 's the over '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Law 17 -- The over '' . MCC . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Law 41.9 -- Time wasting by the fielding side '' . MCC . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cricket : A History of its Growth and Development throughout the World . Rowland Bowen . Eyre & Spottiswoode ( 1970 ) . v. Index entry `` Overs '' , p409 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bowen , p348 </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Cricket portal </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Cricket statistics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Batting </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Innings </Li> <Li> Run </Li> <Li> Batting average </Li> <Li> Century </Li> <Li> Nervous nineties </Li> <Li> Strike rate </Li> <Li> Not out </Li> <Li> Four and Six </Li> <Li> Net run rate </Li> <Li> Required run rate </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bowling </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Overs </Li> <Li> Wicket </Li> <Li> No - ball </Li> <Li> Wide </Li> <Li> Leg bye </Li> <Li> Bye </Li> <Li> Bowling average </Li> <Li> Economy rate </Li> <Li> Hat - trick </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fielding </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Catch </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wicket - keeper </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stumping </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Over_(cricket)&oldid=837538759 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Bowling ( cricket ) </Li> <Li> Cricket laws and regulations </Li> <Li> Cricket terminology </Li> <Li> Scoring ( cricket ) </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> EngvarB from July 2016 </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from July 2016 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> മലയാളം </Li> <Li> मराठी </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </Li> <Li> پنجابی </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 9 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 April 2018 , at 13 : 27 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Cricket has used 6-ball overs

When did cricket go to 6 ball overs?

1477597133151050942

United States House of Representatives </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Speaker of the United States House of Representatives </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Seal of the Speaker of the House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Flag of the Speaker of the House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Incumbent Paul Ryan since October 29 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> U.S. Congress U.S. House of Representatives </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Style </Th> <Td> Mr. or Madame Speaker ( Informal and within the House ) The Honorable ( Formal ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Presiding officer of one chamber in a bicameral legislature </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seat </Th> <Td> United States Capitol , District of Columbia , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nominator </Th> <Td> Anyone who is qualified to be a representative ; in practice member of the house and party leadership . Nominations are submitted to the Clerk , but anyone eligible can be voted for as the Speaker , even without being formally nominated . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appointer </Th> <Td> U.S. House of Representatives Elected by the House , sworn in by the Dean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Term length </Th> <Td> At the House 's pleasure ; elected at the start of each session of Congress , and upon a vacancy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Constituting instrument </Th> <Td> U.S. Constitution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> March 4 , 1789 ; 228 years ago ( 1789 - 03 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First holder </Th> <Td> Frederick Muhlenberg April 1 , 1789 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succession </Th> <Td> Second </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deputy </Th> <Td> The Speaker can delegate to a member of the House to act as Speaker pro tempore , presiding over the House in his absence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Salary </Th> <Td> $223,500 / year </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Speaker.gov </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States House of Representatives </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> History of the United States House of Representatives </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Current members <Ul> <Li> ( by seniority </Li> <Li> by age </Li> <Li> non-voting ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Former members </Li> <Li> Hill committees <Ul> <Li> ( DCCC </Li> <Li> NRCC ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Congressional districts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ( list ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Party leaders </Li> <Li> Democratic Caucus </Li> <Li> Republican Conference </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics and procedure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Committee of the Whole </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Closed session ( list ) </Li> <Li> Saxbe fix </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Committees ( list ) </Li> <Li> Procedures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Origination Clause </Li> <Li> Quorum call </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Unanimous consent </Li> <Li> Salaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Apportionment ( Huntington -- Hill method ) </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Redistricting </Li> <Li> Gerrymandering </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Articles of impeachment </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Self - executing rule </Li> <Li> Rules suspension </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> General ticket </Li> <Li> Plural district </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Places </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States Capitol </Li> <Li> House office buildings <Ul> <Li> ( Cannon </Li> <Li> Ford </Li> <Li> Longworth </Li> <Li> Rayburn ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives . The office was established in 1789 by Article I , Section 2 of the United States Constitution . The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives , and is simultaneously the House 's presiding officer , leader of the body 's majority party , and the institution 's administrative head . Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions , and represent their congressional district . Given these several roles and responsibilities , the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates . That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party . Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates or vote . </P> <P> The Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected House Representative , though every Speaker so far has been an elected Member of the House . The Speaker is second in the United States presidential line of succession , after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate . </P> <P> The current House Speaker is Congressman Paul Ryan from Wisconsin . He was elected to the office on October 29 , 2015 , and is the 54th person to serve as Speaker . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Selection </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Notable elections </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Partisan role </Li> <Li> 4 Presiding officer </Li> <Li> 5 Other functions </Li> <Li> 6 List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives </Li> <Li> 7 Recent election results <Ul> <Li> 7.1 January 2011 </Li> <Li> 7.2 January 2013 </Li> <Li> 7.3 January 2015 </Li> <Li> 7.4 October 2015 </Li> <Li> 7.5 January 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Selection ( edit ) </H2> <P> The House of Representatives elects the Speaker of the House on the first day of every new Congress and in the event of the death , resignation or removal from the Chair of an incumbent Speaker . The Clerk of the House of Representatives requests nominations : there are normally two , one from each major party ( each party having previously met to decide on its nominee ) . The Clerk then calls the roll of the Representatives , each Representative indicating the surname of the candidate the Representative is supporting . Representatives are not restricted to voting for one of the nominated candidates and may vote for any person , even for someone who is not a member of the House at all . They may also abstain by voting `` present '' . </P> <P> Although no rule exists , based on tradition and practice from the earliest days of the nation , to be elected speaker a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals , i.e. excluding those who abstain . If no candidate wins such a majority , then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected . The last time repeated votes were required was in 1923 , when the Speaker was elected on the ninth ballot . </P> <P> The new Speaker is then sworn in by the Dean of the United States House of Representatives , the chamber 's longest - serving member . </P> <P> In modern practice , the Speaker is chosen by the majority party from among its senior leaders either when a vacancy in the office arrives or when the majority party changes . Previous Speakers have been minority leaders ( when the majority party changes , as they are already the House party leader , and as the minority leader are usually their party 's nominee for Speaker ) , or majority leaders ( upon departure of the current Speaker in the majority party ) , assuming that the party leadership hierarchy is followed . In the past , other candidates have included chairpersons of influential standing committees . </P> <P> So far , the Democrats have always elevated their minority leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority control of the House . However , Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern . In 1919 , Republicans bypassed James Robert Mann , R - IL , who had been Minority Leader for eight years , and elected a backbencher representative , Frederick H. Gillett , R - MA , to be Speaker . Mann had `` angered many Republicans by objecting to their private bills on the floor , '' and was also a protégé of autocratic Speaker Joseph Gurney Cannon ( R - IL18 ) who had been Speaker from 1903 to 1911 , and was still in the House . Many members `` suspected that he ( Mann ) would try to re-centralize power in his hands if elected Speaker . '' More recently , although Robert H. Michel was Minority Leader in 1994 when the Republicans regained control of the House in the 1994 midterm elections , he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign , including the `` Contract with America '' , which was unveiled six weeks before Election Day . Michel opted not to seek re-election because he had been isolated in the caucus by Minority Whip Newt Gingrich and other younger and more aggressive Congressmen . </P> <P> It is expected that members of the House vote for their party 's candidate . If they do not , they usually vote for someone else in their party or vote `` present '' . Those who vote for the other party 's candidate often face serious consequences , up to and including the loss of seniority . The last instance where a representative voted for the other party 's candidate was in 2000 , when Democrat Jim Traficant of Ohio voted for Republican Dennis Hastert . In response , the Democrats stripped him of his seniority and he lost all of his committee posts . </P> <P> If the Speaker 's party loses control of the House in an election , and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy , they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip , respectively . As the minority party has historically had one less leadership position after losing the Speaker 's chair , there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions ; upon losing control of the House after the 2010 election , the Democrats created the position of Assistant Democratic Leader in order to prevent such a contest . Most Speakers whose party has lost control of the House have not returned to the party leadership ( Tom Foley lost his seat , Dennis Hastert returned to the backbenches and resigned from the House in late 2007 ) . However , Speakers Joseph William Martin , Jr. and Sam Rayburn did seek the post of Minority Leader in the late 1940s and early 1950s . Nancy Pelosi is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker who was elected Minority Leader , after the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Frederick Muhlenberg ( 1789 -- 1791 , 1793 -- 1795 ) , was the first Speaker . <P> The first Speaker was Frederick Muhlenberg : he was elected as a Pro-Administration candidate to the 1st Congress , an Anti-Administration candidate to the 2nd and 3rd Congresses , and a Republican candidate to the 4th Congress , according to the Biographical Directory of Congress , though Oswald Seidensticker wrote that he was elected as a Federalist for the first four Congresses . </P> <P> The position of Speaker started to gain its partisan role and its power in legislative development under Henry Clay ( 1811 -- 1814 , 1815 -- 1820 , and 1823 -- 1825 ) . In contrast to many of

The Speaker of the House is voted in by

Who votes in the speaker of the house?

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over the reins for one season and was in turn followed by former actor - turned - director Gene Reynolds from 1962 to 1964 . James V. Kern , an experienced Hollywood television director who had previously helmed the `` Hollywood '' and `` Europe '' episodes of I Love Lucy , continued in this role for two years until his untimely death in late 1966 , aged 57 . Director James Sheldon was also contracted to finish episodes that had been partly completed by Kern to complete that season . Fred De Cordova was the show 's longest and most consistent director of the series ( 108 episodes ) until he left in 1971 to produce The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . Earl Bellamy rounded out the series as director of the show 's final year . </P> <H3> CBS years ( edit ) </H3> <P> My Three Sons moved to the CBS television network for the 1965 - 1966 season after ABC declined to underwrite the expense of producing the program in colour . Along with the change in networks and the transition to colour , Tim Considine ( who had earlier worked with Fred MacMurray on The Shaggy Dog ) , playing eldest son Mike , had chosen not to renew his contract due to a clash with executive producer Don Fedderson over Considine 's wish to direct but not co-star in the series . ( Considine did , however , direct one of the last black - and - white episodes for ABC . ) In an August 1989 interview on the Pat Sajak Show , he explained that he was also devoted to automobile racing , which his contract forbade . His character was written out , along with Meredith MacRae , who had played his fiancée Sally , in a wedding episode that was the premiere of the 1965 -- 1966 season on CBS . After this episode , Mike is mentioned briefly in only four succeeding episodes ( including one in which Ernie becomes adopted ) , and is never seen again , even at Robbie and Steve 's weddings . ( Steve explains briefly in one of these episodes that he has another son , but `` He lives away from home '' . ) In the episode `` Steve and the Huntress '' ( first aired January 27 , 1966 ) , Mike is specifically mentioned as teaching at a college . MacRae joined Petticoat Junction the following year , the last of three actresses to play Billie Jo Bradley . </P> <P> To keep the show 's title plausible , the show 's head writer , George Tibbles fashioned a three - part story arc in which an orphaned friend of youngest brother Richard ( Chip , played by Stanley Livingston ) , Ernie Thompson ( played by his real - life brother , Barry Livingston ) , awaits adoption when his current foster parents are transferred to the Orient . Steve offers to adopt Ernie , but faces antagonism from Uncle Charley , who finds Ernie a bit grating , and forecasts major headaches over both the boy and his dog . It also transpires that a law requires a woman to live in the home of an adoptive family . A likable female social worker supervises the case , and the Douglases speculate that Steve might marry the woman , to make the adoption possible , but they both agree this is not reason enough for them to be married . The family also does not need to hire a housekeeper , since Uncle Charley already has things running smoothly . The family soon appears before a judge who researches the law , and determines that its intent is to ensure a full - time caregiver is in the household . With Charley meeting that role , and having had a change of heart about Ernie , Charley assents to a legal fiction declaring him `` housemother '' to the Douglas family . </P> <P> While the three sons were always central to the storyline , several major changes took place by the late 1960s . In the spring of 1967 , the ratings for the series began to sag and My Three Sons finished its seventh season in 31st place in the Nielsen ratings . It was decided that the 1967 - 1968 season would bring the program not only a new time slot , but also new storylines to spice up the ratings . In the fall of 1967 , CBS moved My Three Sons to Saturday night at 8 : 30 pm . In the season - premiere episode , `` Moving Day '' , the Douglas family and Uncle Charley relocate from the fictional town of Bryant Park in the Midwest to Los Angeles . Robbie ( Don Grady ) marries his classmate / girlfriend , Katie Miller ( Tina Cole ) . Tina Cole , in fact , had appeared in different roles on three previous episodes of My Three Sons : `` House For Sale '' from the fourth season ( February 13 , 1964 ) , `` The Coffee House Set '' from the fifth season ( November 19 , 1964 ) , and `` Robbie and the Little Stranger '' from the sixth season ( February 17 , 1966 ) . At the end of the 1967 - 1968 season , the ratings had improved from the previous year with the series placing at 24th in the Nielsens . The following season , the newlyweds discover that Katie is pregnant , and she gives birth to triplets named Robert , Steven , and Charles . Although originally played by sets of uncredited twins , these babies were played uncredited by Guy , Gunnar , and Garth Swanson . The most familiar triplets in the show 's last two seasons are played by Michael , Daniel , and Joseph Todd . </P> <P> The following year in the tenth season , 1969 - 1970 , Steve remarries , taking widowed teacher Barbara Harper ( Beverly Garland ) as his wife ; she brings with her a 5 - year - old daughter , Dorothy `` Dodie '' ( Dawn Lyn ) , so Steven now had a stepdaughter whom he also subsequently adopts . ( Dodie is wary of Steve at first , believing that he wants her to simply forget her late father , until he explains that he wants her to always remember and love him , but since he 's no longer alive , Steve wants to raise her in his place , and hopes she 'll come to love him also . ) Also , the last year - and - a-half of the series feature fewer appearances of both Don Grady and Stanley Livingston . Grady 's character was written out of the show at the end of the 11th season , which allowed for his wife Katie and their triplet sons to remain within the Douglas household the following season ( as a structural engineer Robbie was working on a bridge construction in Peru ) . Chip and his teenaged wife Polly ( Ronne Troup ) ( who eloped after Polly 's disciplinarian father refused to sanction their marriage ) move into their own apartment . </P> <P> At the end of the 1970 - 1971 season ( the show 's 11th year ) , My Three Sons was still garnering healthy ratings . By the spring of 1971 , it had finished in 19th place . A 1971 television pilot with Don Grady and Tina Cole called Three of a Kind , then retitled Robbie -- about Robbie , Katie , and the triplets moving to San Francisco -- was filmed but not picked up as a series . The final episode of the 1970 - 1971 season , `` After the Honeymoon '' , actually set up the premise for this pilot . The guest stars were Richard X . Slattery and Pat Carroll , who were featured as the landlords of the apartment block into which Robbie and Katie move . However , Don Grady had informed the producers of his intention to leave the series and pursue a new full - time career as a composer , which he ultimately did . </P> <P> For the series ' 12th season , CBS moved My Three Sons to Monday nights at 10 : 00 pm . In addition to the time changes for the 12th season , a new four - part story arc is introduced with MacMurray in a second role , that of his cousin , the Laird ( Lord ) Fergus McBain Douglas of Sithian Bridge . The voice of English actor Alan Caillou is awkwardly dubbed over MacMurray 's . The plot centers around Lord Douglas 's arrival in Los Angeles from the family 's native Scotland , in search of a first lady to marry and return with him to Scotland . </P> <P> He finds Terri Dowling ( Anne Francis ) , a waitress at the Blue Berry Bowling Alley . While initially reluctant to give up her life in America and return to Scotland as royalty , she finally accepts . This storyline is a continuation of a plot idea that originally began in the fourth season , when the Douglases visit Scotland on the pretense of having been told they had inherited a castle in the highlands . </P> <P> With a later time slot , the show finished the season outside the top 30 . To save the series , CBS moved it in midseason back to Thursday nights at 8 : 30 pm , its old time slot . Nevertheless , My Three Sons ended its primetime run in the spring of 1972 after 12 years on the air . CBS also aired daytime reruns starting in September 1971 ( only the CBS color shows ) , for about one season . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Fred MacMurray , Steven `` Steve '' Douglas ( 1960 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> William Frawley , Michael Francis Aloysius `` Bub '' O'Casey ( 1960 -- 1965 ) </Li> <Li> William Demarest , Charles Leslie `` Uncle Charley '' O'Casey , Bub 's brother ( 1965 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Tim Considine , Michael `` Mike '' Douglas ( 1960 -- 1965 ) </Li> <Li> Don Grady , Robert `` Robbie '' Douglas ( 1960 -- 1971 ) </Li> <Li> Stanley Livingston , Richard `` Chip '' Douglas ( 1960 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Barry Livingston , Ernest `` Ernie '' Thompson / Douglas ( 1963 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Meredith MacRae , Sally Ann Morrison Douglas ( 1963 -- 1965 ) </Li> <Li> Tina Cole , Kathleen `` Katie '' Miller Douglas ( 1967 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Beverly Garland , Barbara Harper Douglas ( 1969 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Dawn Lyn , Dorothy `` Dodie '' Harper Douglas ( 1969 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Ronne Troup , Polly Williams Douglas ( 1970 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Michael , Daniel , and Joseph Todd , playing Robbie , Stevie , and Charley Douglas respectively ( 1970 -- 1972 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cynthia Pepper , Jean Pearson ( 1960 -- 1961 ) </Li> <Li> Peter Brooks , Hank Ferguson ( 1960 -- 1963 ) </Li> <Li> Cheryl Holdridge , Judy Doucette ( 1960 -- 1961 ) </Li> <Li> Ricky Allen , Hubert ' Sudsy ' Pfeiffer ( 1961 -- 1963 ) </Li> <Li> Hank Jones , Pete ( 1964 -- 1966 ) </Li> <Li> Bill Erwin , Joe Walters ( 1962 -- 1964 ) </Li> <Li> Doris Singleton , Helen Morrison ( 1964 -- 65 ) and Margaret Williams ( 1970 ) </Li> <Li> John Howard , Dave Welch ( 1965 -- 1967 ) </Li> <Li> Joan Tompkins , Lorraine Miller ( 1967 -- 1970 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Musical connections ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series ' cast had several music

On the TV show "My Three Sons", Steve's wife is played by

Who plays steve's wife on my three sons?

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evolved to become a mythical animal . The Han dynasty scholar Wang Fu recorded Chinese myths that long dragons had nine anatomical resemblances . </P> <P> The people paint the dragon 's shape with a horse 's head and a snake 's tail . Further , there are expressions as ' three joints ' and ' nine resemblances ' ( of the dragon ) , to wit : from head to shoulder , from shoulder to breast , from breast to tail . These are the joints ; as to the nine resemblances , they are the following : his antlers resemble those of a stag , his head that of a camel , his eyes those of a demon , his neck that of a snake , his belly that of a clam ( shen , 蜃 ) , his scales those of a carp , his claws those of an eagle , his soles those of a tiger , his ears those of a cow . Upon his head he has a thing like a broad eminence ( a big lump ) , called ( chimu ) ( 尺 木 ) . If a dragon has no ( chimu ) , he can not ascend to the sky . </P> <P> Further sources give variant lists of the nine animal resemblances . Sinologist Henri Doré lists these characteristics of an authentic dragon : `` The antlers of a deer . The head of a crocodile . A demon 's eyes . The neck of a snake . A tortoise 's viscera . A hawk 's claws . The palms of a tiger . A cow 's ears . And it hears through its horns , its ears being deprived of all power of hearing . '' He notes that , `` Others state it has a rabbit 's eyes , a frog 's belly , a carp 's scales . '' The anatomy of other legendary creatures , including the chimera and manticore , is similarly amalgamated from fierce animals . </P> <P> Chinese dragons were considered to be physically concise . Of the 117 scales , 81 are of the yang essence ( positive ) while 36 are of the yin essence ( negative ) . Initially , the dragon was benevolent , wise , and just , but the Buddhists introduced the concept of malevolent influence among some dragons . Just as water destroys , they said , so can some dragons destroy via floods , tidal waves , and storms . They suggested that some of the worst floods were believed to have been the result of a mortal upsetting a dragon . </P> <P> Many pictures of East Asian dragons show a flaming pearl under their chin or in their claws . The pearl is associated with spiritual energy , wisdom , prosperity , power , immortality , thunder , or the moon . Chinese art often depicts a pair of dragons chasing or fighting over the flaming pearl . </P> <P> Chinese dragons are occasionally depicted with bat - like wings growing out of the front limbs , but most do not have wings , as their ability to fly ( and control rain / water , etc . ) is mystical and not seen as a result of their physical attributes . </P> <P> This description accords with the artistic depictions of the dragon down to the present day . The dragon has also acquired an almost unlimited range of supernatural powers . It is said to be able to disguise itself as a silkworm , or become as large as our entire universe . It can fly among the clouds or hide in water ( according to the Guanzi ) . It can form clouds , can turn into water , can change color as an ability to blend in with their surroundings , as an effective form of camouflage or glow in the dark ( according to the Shuowen Jiezi ) . </P> <P> In many other countries , folktales speak of the dragon having all the attributes of the other 11 creatures of the zodiac , this includes the whiskers of the Rat , the face and horns of the Ox , the claws and teeth of the Tiger , the belly of the Rabbit , the body of the Snake , the legs of the Horse , the goatee of the Goat , the wit ( or brain ) of the Monkey , the crest of the Rooster , the ears of the Dog and the snout of the Pig . </P> <P> In some circles , it is considered bad luck to depict a dragon facing downwards , as it is seen as disrespectful to place a dragon in such manner that it can not ascend to the sky . Also , depictions of dragons in tattoos are prevalent as they are symbols of strength and power , especially criminal organisations where dragons hold a meaning all on their own . As such , it is believed that one must be fierce and strong enough , hence earning the right to wear the dragon on his skin , lest his luck be consumed by the dragons . </P> <H3> Ruler of weather and water ( edit ) </H3> A dragon seen floating among clouds , on a golden canteen made during the 15th century , Ming dynasty <P> Chinese dragons are strongly associated with water and weather in popular religion . They are believed to be the rulers of moving bodies of water , such as waterfalls , rivers , or seas . The Dragon God is the dispenser of rain as well as the zoomorphic representation of the yang masculine power of generation . In this capacity as the rulers of water and weather , the dragon is more anthropomorphic in form , often depicted as a humanoid , dressed in a king 's costume , but with a dragon head wearing a king 's headdress . </P> <P> There are four major Dragon Kings , representing each of the Four Seas : the East Sea ( corresponding to the East China Sea ) , the South Sea ( corresponding to the South China Sea ) , the West Sea ( sometimes seen as the Qinghai Lake and beyond ) , and the North Sea ( sometimes seen as Lake Baikal ) . </P> <P> Because of this association , they are seen as `` in charge '' of water - related weather phenomena . In premodern times , many Chinese villages ( especially those close to rivers and seas ) had temples dedicated to their local `` dragon king '' . In times of drought or flooding , it was customary for the local gentry and government officials to lead the community in offering sacrifices and conducting other religious rites to appease the dragon , either to ask for rain or a cessation thereof . </P> <P> The King of Wuyue in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was often known as the `` Dragon King '' or the `` Sea Dragon King '' because of his extensive hydro - engineering schemes which `` tamed '' the sea . </P> <H3> Symbol of imperial authority ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Yellow Dragon An imperial robe from the Qing Dynasty <P> According to Chinese legend , both Chinese primogenitors , the earliest Door and the Yellow Emperor ( Huangdi ) , were closely related to ' Long ' ( Chinese dragon ) . At the end of his reign , the first legendary ruler , the Yellow Emperor , was said to have been immortalized into a dragon that resembled his emblem , and ascended to Heaven . The other legendary ruler , the Yan Emperor , was born by his mother 's telepathy with a mythical dragon . Since the Chinese consider the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor as their ancestors , they sometimes refer to themselves as `` the descendants of the dragon '' . This legend also contributed towards the use of the Chinese dragon as a symbol of imperial power . </P> <P> Dragons ( usually with five claws on each foot ) were a symbol for the emperor in many Chinese dynasties . During the Qing dynasty , the imperial dragon was colored yellow or gold , and during the Ming dynasty it was red . The imperial throne was referred to as the Dragon Throne . During the late Qing dynasty , the dragon was even adopted as the national flag . Dragons are featured in carvings on the stairs and walkways of imperial palaces and imperial tombs , such as at the Forbidden City in Beijing . </P> <P> In some Chinese legends , an emperor might be born with a birthmark in the shape of a dragon . For example , one legend tells the tale of a peasant born with a dragon birthmark who eventually overthrows the existing dynasty and founds a new one ; another legend might tell of the prince in hiding from his enemies who is identified by his dragon birthmark . </P> <P> In contrast , the Empress of China was often identified with the Chinese phoenix . </P> <H3> Modern belief ( edit ) </H3> <P> Worship of the Dragon God is celebrated throughout China with sacrifices and processions during the fifth and sixth moons , and especially on the date of his birthday the thirteenth day of the sixth moon . A folk religious movement of associations of good - doing in modern Hebei is primarily devoted to a generic Dragon God whose icon is a tablet with his name inscribed , for which it has been named the `` movement of the Dragon Tablet '' . </P> <H2> Depictions of the dragon ( edit ) </H2> An ancient seal script form of the character for `` dragon '' that is now written 龍 or 龙 and pronounced lóng in Mandarin Chinese . <H3> Neolithic depictions ( edit ) </H3> Symbols of dragons were placed in tombs as means to get to heaven . The Walters Art Museum . <P> Dragons or dragon - like depictions have been found extensively in neolithic - period archaeological sites throughout China . The earliest depiction of dragons was found at Xinglongwa culture sites . Yangshao culture sites in Xi'an have produced clay pots with dragon motifs . A burial site Xishuipo in Puyang which is associated with the Yangshao culture shows a large dragon mosaic made out of clam shells . The Liangzhu culture also produced dragon - like patterns . The Hongshan culture sites in present - day Inner Mongolia produced jade dragon objects in the form of pig dragons which are the first 3 - dimensional representations of Chinese dragons . </P> <P> One such early form was the pig dragon . It is a coiled , elongated creature with a head resembling a boar . The character for `` dragon '' in the earliest Chinese writing has a similar coiled form , as do later jade dragon amulets from the Shang dynasty . </P> <H3> Classical depictions ( edit ) </H3> Phra Maha Chedi Chai Mongkol Naga emerging from mouth of Makara <P> Chinese literature and myths refer to many dragons besides the famous long . The linguist Michael Carr analyzed over 100 ancient dragon names attested in Chinese classic texts . Many such Chinese names derive from the suffix - long : </P> <Ul> <Li> Tianlong ( Chinese : 天龍 ; pinyin : tiānlóng ; Wade -- Giles : t'ien - lung ; literally : `` heavenly dragon '' ) , celestial dragon that guards heavenly palaces and pulls divine chariots ; also a name for the constellation Draco </Li> <Li> Shenlong ( Chinese : 神龍 ; pinyin : shénlóng ; Wade -- Giles : shen - lung ; literally : `` god dragon '' ) , thunder god that controls the weather , appearance of a human head , dragon 's body , and drum - like stomach </Li> <Li> Fucanglong ( Chinese : 伏 藏 龍 ; pinyin : fúcánglóng ; Wade

The Chinese dragons are protectors of

The chinese dragons are protectors of how many seas diggy?

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. '' On August 10 , he wrote a memo to Kennedy in which he guessed that the Soviets were preparing to introduce ballistic missiles into Cuba . </P> <P> With important Congressional elections scheduled for November , the crisis became enmeshed in American politics . On August 31 , Senator Kenneth Keating ( R - New York ) , who received his information from Cuban exiles in Florida , warned on the Senate floor that the Soviet Union may be constructing a missile base in Cuba . He charged the Kennedy administration of covering up a major threat to the US . Air Force General Curtis LeMay presented a pre-invasion bombing plan to Kennedy in September , and spy flights and minor military harassment from US forces at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base were the subject of continual Cuban diplomatic complaints to the US government . </P> Map created by American intelligence showing Surface - to - Air Missile activity in Cuba , September 5 , 1962 <P> The first consignment of R - 12 missiles arrived on the night of September 8 , followed by a second on September 16 . The R - 12 was a medium - range ballistic missile , capable of carrying a thermonuclear warhead . It was a single - stage , road - transportable , surface - launched , storable liquid propellant fueled missile that could deliver a megaton - class nuclear weapon . The Soviets were building nine sites -- six for R - 12 medium - range missiles ( NATO designation SS - 4 Sandal ) with an effective range of 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) and three for R - 14 intermediate - range ballistic missiles ( NATO designation SS - 5 Skean ) with a maximum range of 4,500 kilometres ( 2,800 mi ) . </P> <P> On October 7 , Cuban President Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado spoke at the UN General Assembly : `` If ... we are attacked , we will defend ourselves . I repeat , we have sufficient means with which to defend ourselves ; we have indeed our inevitable weapons , the weapons , which we would have preferred not to acquire , and which we do not wish to employ . '' </P> <H2> Missiles reported ( edit ) </H2> <P> The missiles in Cuba allowed the Soviets to target effectively most of the Continental US . The planned arsenal was forty launchers . The Cuban populace readily noticed the arrival and deployment of the missiles and hundreds of reports reached Miami . US intelligence received countless reports , many of dubious quality or even laughable , most of which could be dismissed as describing defensive missiles . </P> <P> Only five reports bothered the analysts . They described large trucks passing through towns at night that were carrying very long canvas - covered cylindrical objects that could not make turns through towns without backing up and maneuvering . Defensive missiles could turn . The reports could not be satisfactorily dismissed . </P> A U-2 reconnaissance photograph of Cuba , showing Soviet nuclear missiles , their transports and tents for fueling and maintenance . <H3> Aerial images find Soviet missiles ( edit ) </H3> <P> The United States had been sending U-2 surveillance over Cuba since the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion . The first issue that led to a pause in reconnaissance flights took place on August 30 , when a U-2 operated by the U.S. Air Force 's Strategic Air Command flew over Sakhalin Island in the Soviet Far East by mistake . The Soviets lodged a protest and the US apologized . Nine days later , a Taiwanese - operated U-2 was lost over western China to an SA - 2 surface - to - air missile . US officials were worried that one of the Cuban or Soviet SAMs in Cuba might shoot down a CIA U-2 , initiating another international incident . In a meeting with members of the Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance ( COMOR ) on September 10 , Secretary of State Dean Rusk and National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy heavily restricted further U-2 flights over Cuban airspace . The resulting lack of coverage over the island for the next five weeks became known to historians as the `` Photo Gap . '' No significant U-2 coverage was achieved over the interior of the island . US officials attempted to use a Corona photoreconnaissance satellite to obtain coverage over reported Soviet military deployments , but imagery acquired over western Cuba by a Corona KH - 4 mission on October 1 was heavily covered by clouds and haze and failed to provide any usable intelligence . At the end of September , Navy reconnaissance aircraft photographed the Soviet ship Kasimov , with large crates on its deck the size and shape of Il - 28 light bomber fuselages . </P> <P> In September 1962 , analysts from the Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ) noticed that Cuban surface - to - air missile sites were arranged in a pattern similar to those used by the Soviet Union to protect its ICBM bases , leading DIA to lobby for the resumption of U-2 flights over the island . Although in the past the flights had been conducted by the CIA , pressure from the Defense Department made the authority be transferred to the Air Force . Following the loss of a CIA U-2 over the Soviet Union in May 1960 , it was thought that if another U-2 were shot down , an Air Force aircraft arguably being used for a legitimate military purpose would be easier to explain than a CIA flight . </P> <P> When the reconnaissance missions were reauthorized on October 9 , poor weather kept the planes from flying . The US first obtained U-2 photographic evidence of the missiles on October 14 , when a U-2 flight piloted by Major Richard Heyser took 928 pictures on a path selected by DIA analysts , capturing images of what turned out to be an SS - 4 construction site at San Cristóbal , Pinar del Río Province ( now in Artemisa Province ) , in western Cuba . </P> <H3> President notified ( edit ) </H3> <P> On October 15 , the CIA 's National Photographic Interpretation Center ( NPIC ) reviewed the U-2 photographs and identified objects that they interpreted as medium range ballistic missiles . This identification was made , in part , on the strength of reporting provided by Oleg Penkovsky , a double agent in the GRU working for CIA and MI6 . Although he provided no direct reports of the Soviet missile deployments to Cuba , technical and doctrinal details of Soviet missile regiments that had been provided by Penkovsky in the months and years prior to the Crisis helped NPIC analysts correctly identify the missiles on U-2 imagery . </P> <P> That evening , the CIA notified the Department of State and at 8 : 30 pm EDT , Bundy chose to wait until the next morning to tell the President . McNamara was briefed at midnight . The next morning , Bundy met with Kennedy and showed him the U-2 photographs and briefed him on the CIA 's analysis of the images . At 6 : 30 pm EDT , Kennedy convened a meeting of the nine members of the National Security Council and five other key advisors , in a group he formally named the Executive Committee of the National Security Council ( EXCOMM ) after the fact on October 22 by the National Security Action Memorandum 196 . Without informing the members of EXCOMM , President Kennedy tape recorded all of their proceedings , and Sheldon M. Stern , head of the Kennedy library transcribed some of them . </P> <H3> Responses considered ( edit ) </H3> President Kennedy meets in the Oval Office with General Curtis LeMay and the reconnaissance pilots who found the missile sites in Cuba . <P> The US had no plan in place because its intelligence had been convinced that the Soviets would never install nuclear missiles in Cuba . The EXCOMM quickly discussed several possible courses of action : </P> <Ol> <Li> Do nothing : American vulnerability to Soviet missiles was not new . </Li> <Li> Diplomacy : Use diplomatic pressure to get the Soviet Union to remove the missiles . </Li> <Li> Secret approach : Offer Castro the choice of splitting with the Russians or being invaded . </Li> <Li> Invasion : Full force invasion of Cuba and overthrow of Castro . </Li> <Li> Air strike : Use the US Air Force to attack all known missile sites . </Li> <Li> Blockade : Use the US Navy to block any missiles from arriving in Cuba . </Li> </Ol> As the article describes , both the US and the Soviet Union considered many possible outcomes of their actions and threats during the crisis ( Allison , Graham T. ; Zelikow , Philip D . ) . This game tree models how both actors would have considered their decisions . It is broken down into a simple form for basic understanding . <P> The Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously agreed that a full - scale attack and invasion was the only solution . They believed that the Soviets would not attempt to stop the US from conquering Cuba . Kennedy was skeptical : </P> <P> They , no more than we , can let these things go by without doing something . They ca n't , after all their statements , permit us to take out their missiles , kill a lot of Russians , and then do nothing . If they do n't take action in Cuba , they certainly will in Berlin . </P> <P> Kennedy concluded that attacking Cuba by air would signal the Soviets to presume `` a clear line '' to conquer Berlin . Kennedy also believed that US allies would think of the country as `` trigger - happy cowboys '' who lost Berlin because they could not peacefully resolve the Cuban situation . </P> President Kennedy and Secretary of Defense McNamara in an EXCOMM meeting . <P> The EXCOMM then discussed the effect on the strategic balance of power , both political and military . The Joint Chiefs of Staff believed that the missiles would seriously alter the military balance , but McNamara disagreed . An extra 40 , he reasoned , would make little difference to the overall strategic balance . The US already had approximately 5,000 strategic warheads , but the Soviet Union had only 300 . McNamara concluded that the Soviets having 340 would not therefore substantially alter the strategic balance . In 1990 , he reiterated that `` it made no difference ... The military balance was n't changed . I did n't believe it then , and I do n't believe it now . '' </P> <P> The EXCOMM agreed that the missiles would affect the political balance . Kennedy had explicitly promised the American people less than a month before the crisis that `` if Cuba should possess a capacity to carry out offensive actions against the United States ... the United States would act . '' Also , credibility among US allies and people would be damaged if the Soviet Union appeared to redress the strategic balance by placing missiles in Cuba . Kennedy explained after the crisis that `` it would have politically changed the balance of power . It would have appeared to , and appearances contribute to reality . '' </P> President Kennedy meets with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko in the Oval Office ( October 18 , 1962 ) <P> On October 18 , Kennedy met with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs , Andrei Gromyko , who claimed the weapons were for defensive purposes only . Not wanting to expose what he already knew and to avoid panicking the American public , Kennedy did not reveal that he was already aware of the missile buildup . </P> <P> By October 19 , frequent U-2 spy flights showed four operational sites . On the night of October 19 at 23 : 56 a

The Soviet missiles in Cuba were located in

Where were the soviet missiles located in cuba?

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I 'm going to Disney World ! - Wikipedia <H1> I 'm going to Disney World ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> `` I 'm going to Disney World ! '' and `` I 'm going to Disneyland ! '' are advertising slogans used in a series of television commercials by The Walt Disney Company that began airing in 1987 . Used to promote the company 's theme park resorts in Florida and California , the commercials most often are broadcast following the Super Bowl and typically feature an NFL player ( usually the Super Bowl MVP ) shouting the phrase while celebrating the team 's victory immediately after the championship game . These commercials have also promoted champions from other sports , and winners of non-sport competitions such as American Idol . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 2006 return </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Stars and celebrations </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> Disney refers to the campaign as `` What 's Next ? '' in reference to the commercial 's usual format , which has the star appear to be answering a question posed by an unseen narrator -- `` What are you going to do next ? '' -- after his or her moment of triumph . The narrator is Mark Champion , a veteran radio play - by - play announcer for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers , Detroit Lions , Detroit Pistons , and Westwood One . Most ads feature the song `` When You Wish Upon a Star '' and end with a shot of fireworks over Cinderella Castle or Sleeping Beauty Castle . </P> <P> Typically the star records two versions of the commercial , one for each phrase , so that the ads can be broadcast in different American media markets to strategically promote either the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida or the Disneyland Resort in California . In most cases , Disney arranges for its star to appear in a parade at either Disneyland or one of the Walt Disney World theme parks the day immediately following the victory in order to fulfill the spoken promise in one version . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his 1998 memoir Work in Progress , Disney CEO Michael Eisner credited his wife , Jane , with the idea for the campaign . According to Eisner , during the January 1987 grand opening for the Star Tours attraction at Disneyland , the couple dined with Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager , who in December 1986 had piloted the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling . After Jane Eisner asked what the pilots planned to do next , they replied , `` Well , we 're going to Disneyland . '' She later told her husband the phrase would make a great advertising campaign . </P> <P> Weeks later , Disney launched the series following Super Bowl XXI on January 25 , 1987 with a commercial featuring New York Giants quarterback Phil Simms . Simms was paid a reported $75,000 for his participation . The company later aired three more ads that year with other athletes following major sports championships . </P> <P> Ray Lewis was named Super Bowl XXXV MVP , however due to the bad attention over a murder trial Lewis was involved in the previous year , the signature phrase `` I 'm going to Disney World ! '' was given instead to quarterback Trent Dilfer who was a game manager . </P> <P> In subsequent years , Disney reportedly has offered $30,000 to athletes and other stars for participating in the ads and appearing at one of its theme parks . </P> <P> Although Tom Brady was named MVP of Super Bowl LI , he gave the Disney trip to teammate James White . </P> <H3> 2006 return ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2006 , the campaign resumed before Super Bowl XL as Disney projected scenes from the 20 - year history of the campaign onto a Detroit skyscraper in the days before the game . During the television broadcast , Disney aired a commercial showing members of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Seattle Seahawks practicing how they would deliver the famous phrase while preparing for the game . The following day , the company began airing a traditional `` What 's Next '' commercial featuring Steelers Hines Ward and Jerome Bettis . Even though it was not part of the ad buy in 2016 , Peyton Manning said the famous phrase in an interview after Super Bowl 50 . </P> <H2> Stars and celebrations ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The commercials generally star a single NFL player immediately following the Super Bowl but the campaign also has featured athletes from other championship games and several non-celebrities . </P> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Nancy Kerrigan , U.S. figure skater , Winter Olympics <Ul> <Li> While appearing in a subsequent parade at the Walt Disney World Resort , Kerrigan was recorded saying to Mickey Mouse , `` This is dumb . I hate it . This is the most corniest thing I have ever done . '' However , Kerrigan said her comments were taken out of context . She said that being in the parade was not corny , but wearing her Silver Medal during the parade was since her parents taught her never to brag or show off her accomplishments . Kerrigan also went on to say that she had nothing against the Disney Company or Mickey Mouse and said , `` Whoever could find fault with Mickey Mouse ? He 's the greatest mouse I 've ever known . '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Curt Schilling , Pedro Martínez , and David Ortiz , Boston Red Sox , World Series </Li> </Ul> <P> 2007 </P> <Ul> <Li> Tony Dungy , and Dominic Rhodes , Indianapolis Colts , Super Bowl XLI </Li> </Ul> <P> 2008 </P> <Ul> <Li> David Cook , Season 7 American Idol winner </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Disneyland Resort : `` Dreams Come True as Super Bowl XLII MVP Eli Manning Proclaims , ' I 'm Going to Disneyland ! ' '' , PR Newswire , February 4 , 2008 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ FitzGerald , Tom ( February 3 , 2008 ) . `` Super Bowl cameraman juggles to catch jingle '' . San Francisco Chronicle . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pistons Announcers '' . NBA.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Vacchiano , Ralph ( May 8 , 2008 ) . `` Eli Manning floats in for Disney parade '' . Daily News . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Eisner , Michael ; Schwartz , Tony ( 1998 ) . Work in Progress . Random House . ISBN 0 - 375 - 50071 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Litsky , Frank ( July 12 , 1987 ) . `` Different Fortunes for Two Champions '' . New York Times . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Associated Press ( 31 January 2001 ) . `` Endorsement exile : Disney , Wheaties among those passing on MVP Lewis '' . CNNSI.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jolly , Tom ( January 26 , 1998 ) . `` Not Going to Disneyland '' . New York Times . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` James White Celebrates In Disney World After Patriots Win Super Bowl LI '' . 7 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Walt Disney World Resort : `` For Super Bowl XL , ' I 'm Going to Disney World ' Goes X-tra Large On Detroit Skyline '' , PR Newswire , January 25 , 2006 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bouchette , Ed ( February 7 , 2006 ) . `` Ward 's MVP performance in Super Bowl XL puts him in special class '' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Glover , Erin . `` Peyton Manning ' Going to Disneyland ' to Celebrate Super Bowl Victory '' . Disney Parks Blog . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lowitt , Bruce ( November 29 , 1999 ) . `` Harding , Kerrigan are linked forever by skating incident '' . St. Petersburg Times . sptimes.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` More Will Be Heard From Kerrigan '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Elliott , Stuart ( November 1 , 2004 ) . `` With Curse Reversed , Marketers Love Red Sox '' . New York Times . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Associated Press ( February 5 , 2007 ) . `` Who 's going to Disney World ? Dungy , Rhodes '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Powers , Scott ( May 22 , 2008 ) . `` American Idol coming to Disney World -- now and later '' . Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2009 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Super Bowl commercials </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1970s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` I 'd Like to Teach the World to Sing ( In Perfect Harmony ) '' ( Coca - Cola ) </Li> <Li> Hey Kid , Catch ! ( Coca - Cola ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1980s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` 1984 '' ( Apple Inc . ) </Li> <Li> I 'm going to Disney World ! ( The Walt Disney Company ) </Li> <Li> Spuds MacKenzie ( Bud Light ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1990s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bud Bowl ( Budweiser ) </Li> <Li> `` You Got the Right One , Baby '' ( Diet Pepsi ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Man Your Man Could Smell Like ( Old Spice ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2010s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Born of Fire '' ( Chrysler ) </Li> <Li> The Force ( Volkswagen ) </Li> <Li> Never Miss a Super Bowl Club ( Visa Inc . ) </Li> <Li> Halftime in America ( Chrysler ) </Li> <Li> `` So God Made a Farmer '' ( Ram Trucks ) </Li> <Li> `` The ' 80s Called '' ( RadioShack ) </Li> <Li> `` Invisible '' ( Product Red ) </Li> <Li> Puppy monkey baby ( Mountain Dew ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> List </Li> <Li> Dot - com commercials during Super Bowl XXXIV </Li> <Li> Super Bowl Ad Meter </Li> <Li> Adbowl </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_going_to_Disney_World!&oldid=818137828 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> The Walt Disney Company </Li> <Li> Super Bowl advertising </Li> <Li> Advertising slogans </Li> <Li> Walt Disney World </Li> <Li> Disneyland </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from February 2016 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 January 2018 , at 20 :

The first person to say "I'm going to Disney World" was

Who was the first to say i'm going to disney world?

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opposed on the ground that the Bill initiates legislation outside the legislative competence of the House , the Speaker may permit a full discussion thereon . Thereafter , the question is put to the vote of the House . However , the motion for leave to introduce a Finance Bill or an Appropriation Bill is forthwith put to the vote of the House . Money / Appropriation Bills and financial bills can be introduced only in Lok Sabha per Articles 109 , 110 and 117 . Speaker of Lok Sabha decides whether a bill is Money Bill or not . Chairman of Rajya Sabha decides whether a bill is finance bill or not when the bill is introduced in the Rajya Sabha . </P> Publication in the official Gazette ( edit ) <P> After a Bill has been introduced , it is published in The Gazette of India . Even before introduction , a Bill might , with the permission of the Speaker , be published in the Gazette . In such cases , leave to introduce the Bill in the House is not asked for and the Bill is straight away introduced . </P> Reference of Bill to a Standing Committee ( edit ) <P> After a Bill has been introduced , the Presiding Officer of the concerned House ( Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha or anyone acting on their behalf ) can refer the Bill to the concerned Standing Committee for examination and to prepare a report thereon . If a Bill is referred to a Standing Committee , the Committee shall consider the general principles and clauses of the Bill referred to them and make a report thereon . The Committee can also seek expert opinion or the public opinion of those interested in the measure . After the Bill has thus been considered , the Committee submits its report to the House . The report of the Committee , being of persuasive value , shall be treated as considered advice . </P> <H3> Second Reading ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Second Reading consists of consideration of the Bill which occurs in two stages . </P> <Dl> <Dt> First stage </Dt> </Dl> <P> The first stage consists of general discussion on the Bill as a whole when the principle underlying the Bill is discussed . At this stage it is open to the House to refer the Bill to a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the two Houses or to circulate it for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon or to straight away take it into consideration . </P> <P> If a Bill is referred to a Select / Joint Committee , the Committee considers the Bill clause - by - clause just as the House does . Amendments can be moved to the various clauses by members of the Committee . The Committee can also take evidence of associations , public bodies or experts who are interested in the measure . After the Bill has thus been considered , the Committee submits its report to the House which considers the Bill again as reported by the Committee . If a Bill is circulated for the purpose of eliciting public opinion thereon , such opinions are obtained through the Governments of the States and Union Territories . Opinions so received are laid on the Table of the House and the next motion in regard to the Bill must be for its reference to a Select / Joint Committee . It is not ordinarily permissible at this stage to move the motion for consideration of the Bill . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Second Stage </Dt> </Dl> <P> The second stage of the Second Reading consists of clause - by - clause consideration of the Bill as introduced or as reported by Select / Joint Committee . Discussion takes place on each clause of the Bill and amendments to clauses can be moved at this stage . Amendments to a clause have been moved but not withdrawn are put to the vote of the House before the relevant clause is disposed of by the House . The amendments become part of the Bill if they are accepted by a majority of members present and voting . After the clauses , the Schedules if any , clause 1 , the Enacting Formula and the Long Title of the Bill have been adopted by the House , the Second Reading is deemed to be over . </P> <H3> Third Reading ( edit ) </H3> <P> Thereafter , the member - in - charge can move that the Bill be passed . This stage is known as the Third Reading of the Bill . At this stage the debate is confined to arguments either in support or rejection of the Bill without referring to the details thereof further than that are absolutely necessary . Only formal , verbal or consequential amendments are allowed to be moved at this stage . In passing an ordinary Bill , a simple majority of members present and voting is necessary . But in the case of a Bill to amend the Constitution , a majority of the total membership of the House and a majority of not less than two - thirds of the members present and voting is required in each House of Parliament . If the number of votes in favour and against the bill are tied , then the Presiding officer of the concerned House can cast his / her vote , referred to as a Casting Vote Right . </P> <H3> Passing a Bill ( edit ) </H3> <P> If at any time during a meeting of a House there is no quorum which is minimum one - tenth of the total members of a House , it shall be the duty of the Chairman or Speaker , or person acting as such , either to adjourn the House or to suspend the meeting until there is a quorum . The bills taken up under legislative power of parliament are treated as passed provided majority of members present at that time approved the bill either by voting or voice vote . It is also right of a member to demand voting instead of voice vote . In case of passing a constitutional amendment bill , two - third of the total members present and voted in favour of the bill with more than 50 % of the total members of a house , is required per Article 368 . </P> <H3> Bill in the other House ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the Bill is passed by one House , it is sent to the other House for concurrence with a message to that effect , and there also it goes through the stages described above , except the introduction stage . If a Bill passed by one House is amended by the other House , it is sent back to the originating House for approval . If the originating House does not agree with the amendments , it shall be that the two houses have disagreed . The other House may keep a money bill for 14 days and an ordinary Bill for three months without passing ( or rejecting ) it . If it fails to return the Bill within the fixed time , the Bill is deemed to be passed by both the houses and is sent for the approval of the President . </P> <P> At state level , it is not mandatory that a bill shall be passed by the legislative council ( if existing ) per Articles 196 to 199 . There is no provision of conducting joint session of both Houses to pass a bill . </P> <H3> Joint session of both houses ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Joint session <P> In case of a deadlock between the two houses or in a case where more than six months lapse in the other house , the President may summon , though is not bound to , a joint session of the two houses which is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the deadlock is resolved by simple majority . Until now , only three bills : the Dowry Prohibition Act ( 1961 ) , the Banking Service Commission Repeal Bill ( 1978 ) and the Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act ( 2002 ) have been passed at joint sessions . </P> <H3> President 's approval ( edit ) </H3> <P> When a bill has been passed , it is sent to the President for his approval per Article 111 . The President can assent or withhold his assent to a bill or he can return a bill , other than a money bill which is recommended by president himself to the houses . However Article 255 says that prior recommendation of president or governor of a state wherever stipulated is not compulsory for an Act of parliament or of the legislature of a State but the final consent of president or governor of a state is mandatory . President may be of view that a particular bill passed under the legislative powers of parliament is violating the constitution , he can send back the bill with his recommendation to pass the bill under the constituent powers of parliament following the Article 368 procedure . President shall not withhold constitutional amendment bill duly passed by parliament per Article 368 . If the President gives his assent , the bill is published in The Gazette of India and becomes an Act from the date of his assent . If he withholds his assent , the bill is dropped , which is known as absolute veto . The President can exercise absolute veto on aid and advice of council of ministers per Article 111 and Article 74 . The president may also effectively withhold his assent as per his own discretion , which is known as pocket veto . The pocket veto has only been exercised once by President Zail Singh in 1986 , over the postal act where the government wanted to open postal letters without warrant by amending the Indian Post Office Act , 1898 . If the president returns it for reconsideration , the Parliament must do so , but if it is passed again and returned to him , he must give his assent to it . If parliament is not happy with the president for not assenting a bill passed by it under its legislative powers , the bill can be modified as a constitutional amendment bill and passed under its constituent powers for compelling the president to give assent . In case a constitutional amendment act is violating the basic structure of the constitution , constitutional bench of Supreme Court would quash the act . When parliament is of the view that the actions of the president are violating the constitution , impeachment proceedings against president could be taken up to remove him under Article 61 where at least two - thirds of total membership of each house of parliament should vote in favour of the impeachment when charges against the president are found valid in an investigation . </P> <P> In case of a bill passed by the legislative assembly of a state , the consent of that state 's Governor has to be obtained . Some times the governor may refer the bill to the president anticipating clash between other central laws or constitution and decision of the president is final per Articles 200 and 201 . </P> <P> All decisions of the union cabinet are to be assented by the president for issuing gazette order ( GO ) . In case the cabinet decisions are not in the purview of the established law , president shall not give assent to the cabinet decisions . He may indicate union cabinet to pass the necessary legislation by the parliament to clear the cabinet decision . A minister is not supposed to take any decision without being considered by the council of ministers per Article 78 ( c ) . </P> <P> The purpose of framing the Indian constitution is to serve

In the Indian Parliament, a bill can be passed with a

Votes required to pass a bill in indian parliament?

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United Nations conference on sustainable development - wikipedia <H1> United Nations conference on sustainable development </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Rio + 20 , Earth Summit 2012 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date ( s ) </Th> <Td> 20 -- 22 June 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> 20 June 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ends </Th> <Td> 22 June 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rio de Janeiro , Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Previous event </Th> <Td> Earth Summit 1992 , Earth Summit 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> uncsd2012 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development ( UNCSD ) , also known as Rio 2012 , Rio + 20 ( Portuguese pronunciation : ( ˈʁi. u ˈmajʒ ˈvĩtʃi ) ) , or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community . Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012 , Rio + 20 was a 20 - year follow - up to the 1992 Earth Summit / United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ) held in the same city , and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development ( WSSD ) in Johannesburg . </P> <P> The ten - day mega-summit , which culminated in a three - day high - level UN conference , was organized by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and included participation from 192 UN member states -- including 57 Heads of State and 31 Heads of Government , private sector companies , NGOs and other groups . The decision to hold the conference was made by UN General Assembly Resolution A / RES / 64 / 236 on 24 December 2009 . It was intended to be a high - level conference , including heads of state and government or other representatives and resulting in a focused political document designed to shape global environmental policy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Objectives </Li> <Li> 3 Conference themes </Li> <Li> 4 Rio + 20 <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Participation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Calendar of meetings <Ul> <Li> 5.1 1st Preparatory Committee </Li> <Li> 5.2 1st Intersessional </Li> <Li> 5.3 2nd Preparatory Committee </Li> <Li> 5.4 2nd Intersessional </Li> <Li> 5.5 3rd Intersessional </Li> <Li> 5.6 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Outcomes </Li> <Li> 7 Leaders in attendance </Li> <Li> 8 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Environmental and Indigenous Rights Activists </Li> <Li> 8.2 Ahmadinejad Visit to Rio </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Participation by Civil Societies </Li> <Li> 10 ProjectEarth Network </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1992 , the first conference of its kind , the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ) , commonly referred to as the Rio Conference or Earth Summit , succeeded in raising public awareness of the need to integrate environment and development . The conference drew 109 heads of state to Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , to address what were dubbed urgent problems of environmental protection and socio - economic development . The Earth Summit influenced subsequent UN conferences , including Rio + 20 and set the global green agenda . `` The World Conference on Human Rights , for example , focused on the right of people to a healthy environment and the right to development ; controversial demands that had met with resistance from some Member States until the Earth Summit . '' </P> <P> Major outcomes of the conference include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) -- a climate - change agreement that led to the Kyoto Protocol , Agenda 21 , the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification ( UNCCD ) . It also created new international institutions , among them the Commission on Sustainable Development , tasked with the follow - up to the Rio Conference and led to the reform of the Global Environment Facility . </P> <P> Ten years later , Earth Summit 2002 informally nicknamed Rio + 10 was held in Johannesburg , South Africa with the goal of again bringing together leaders from government , business and NGOs to agree on a range of measures toward similar goals . At Rio + 10 , sustainable development was recognized as an overarching goal for institutions at the national , regional and international levels . There , the need to enhance the integration of sustainable development in the activities of all relevant United Nations agencies , programs and funds was highlighted . The discussion also encompassed the role of institutions in stepping up efforts to bridge the gap between the international financial institutions and the multilateral development banks and the rest of the UN system . </P> <P> Major outcomes of that conference include the Johannesburg Declaration and almost 300 international partnership initiatives meant to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals . </P> <H2> Objectives ( edit ) </H2> Demonstration at Rio + 20 -- Picture shows effigy of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff with a chainsaw embracing the statue of liberty Demonstration against the President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during the conference <P> The conference had three objectives : </P> <Ol> <Li> Securing renewed political commitment for sustainable development </Li> <Li> Assessing the progress and implementation gaps in meeting previous commitments . </Li> <Li> Addressing new and emerging challenges . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Conference themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The official discussions had two main themes : </P> <Ol> <Li> How to build a green economy to achieve sustainable development and lift people out of poverty , including support for developing countries that will allow them to find a green path for development . </Li> <Li> How to improve international coordination for sustainable development by building an institutional framework . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Rio + 20 ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the months leading up to the beginning of the conference , negotiators held frequent informal consultations at UN headquarters in New York City , and in the two weeks before the conference was scheduled to begin , they managed to reach consensus on the sensitive language in the then proposed outcome document for the summit . </P> <P> Billed as the biggest UN event ever organized -- with 15,000 soldiers and police guarding about 130 heads of state and government , from 192 countries , and the more than 45,000 individuals gathered in Rio de Janeiro -- the 10 - day mega-conference was intended to be a high - level international gathering organized to re-direct and renew global political commitment to the three dimensions of sustainable development : economic growth , social improvement and environmental protection ; focusing on reducing poverty while promoting jobs growth , clean energy and more fair , sustainable uses of resources ; goals first established at Earth Summit in 1992 . </P> <P> The conference centered around Agenda 21 , the outcome document from Earth Summit 1992 . That document was considered revolutionary in that it essentially created the term sustainable development and created the global environmental agenda for the next 20 years . The representatives of participating governments gathered in Rio to discuss what was then the draft text of the outcome document . </P> <P> Rio + 20 sought to secure affirmations for the political commitments made at past Earth Summits and set the global environmental agenda for the next 20 years by assessing progress towards the goals set forth in Agenda 21 and implementation gaps therein , and discussing new and emerging issues . The UN wanted Rio to endorse a UN `` green economy roadmap '' , with environmental goals , targets and deadlines , whereas developing countries preferred establishing new `` sustainable development goals '' to better protect the environment , guarantee food and power to the poorest , and alleviate poverty . </P> <P> Rio + 20 attracted many protests , and more than 500 parallel events , exhibitions , presentations , fairs and announcements as a wide range of diverse groups struggled to take advantage of the conference in order to gain international attention . The British online newspaper , The Guardian reported that , `` Downtown Rio de Janeiro was partly shut - down as an estimated 50,000 protesters , some of whom were naked , took to the streets . '' </P> <H3> Participation ( edit ) </H3> <P> A few key global leaders -- mostly G20 leaders and namely United States President Barack Obama , German Chancellor Angela Merkel , and UK Prime Minister David Cameron -- did not attend the conference and blamed their absence on the ongoing European sovereign - debt crisis . Their collective absence was seen as a reflection of their administrations ' failure to prioritize sustainability issues . </P> <P> `` In not attending , the prime minister is sending out a powerful signal that the UK government does not see sustainability as a priority '' , Joan Walley , chair of the UK environmental audit committee said to The Guardian . </P> <H2> Calendar of meetings ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1st preparatory committee ( edit ) </H3> <P> Held from 16 -- 18 May 2010 , immediately after the conclusion of the eighteenth session and the first meeting of the nineteenth session of the Commission on Sustainable Development . </P> <H3> 1st Intersessional ( edit ) </H3> <P> Held from 10 -- 11 January 2011 at UN Headquarters , New York , the Intersessional focused on discussion of the objectives of the conference , and its two principle themes . The Intersessional -- not a negotiation session -- featured panel discussions , from academia , non-governmental organizations as well as Delegates and UN system representatives . </P> <H3> 2nd preparatory committee ( edit ) </H3> <P> Held from 7 -- 8 March 2011 , at United Nations Headquarters in New York , immediately following the Intergovernmental Policy Meeting for the 19th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development . </P> <H3> 2nd Intersessional ( edit ) </H3> <P> Held from 15 -- 16 December 2011 at United Nations Headquarters in New York . </P> <H3> 3rd Intersessional ( edit ) </H3> <P> Held from 5 -- 7 March 2012 at United Nations Headquarters in New York . </P> <H3> United Nations conference on sustainable development ( edit ) </H3> <P> The 3rd Preparatory Committee began on 13 June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , and ended on 15 June 2012 , marking the start of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development . The talks were held from 20 -- 22 June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . The conference was expected to draw 50,000 participants , including delegates , environmental activists , business leaders , and indigenous groups . Additionally , about 130 heads of state from around the world were expected to be present for the final three days of the summit . </P> <H2> Outcomes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The primary result of the conference was the nonbinding document , `` The Future We Want , '' a 49 - page work paper . In it , the heads of state of the 192 governments in attendance renewed their political commitment to sustainable development and declared their commitment to the promotion of a sustainable future . The document largely reaffirms previous action plans like Agenda 21 . </P> <P> Some important outcomes include the following : </P> <P> `` The text includes language supporting the development of Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs ) , a set of measurable targets aimed at promoting sustainable development globally . It is thought that the SDGs will pick up where the Millennium Development Goals leave off and address criticism that the original

The R10+20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro was held from

When was the r10+20 summit in rio de janeiro held?

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Spain national football team records and statistics - wikipedia <H1> Spain national football team records and statistics </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The following details the Spain national football team records . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Records <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Worldwide </Li> <Li> 1.2 Nationwide </Li> <Li> 1.3 Top goalscorers </Li> <Li> 1.4 Top assists </Li> <Li> 1.5 Most capped Spain players </Li> <Li> 1.6 Top penalty scorers </Li> <Li> 1.7 Hat - tricks </Li> <Li> 1.8 Biggest wins </Li> <Li> 1.9 Heaviest defeats </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Notes </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Worldwide ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> Most consecutive games undefeated </Dt> <Dd> 35 ( 2007 -- 2009 ) ( shared with Brazil between 1993 -- 1996 ) </Dd> <Dt> Most consecutive wins including friendlies </Dt> <Dd> 15 ( 2008 -- 2009 ) </Dd> <Dt> Most consecutive competitive games undefeated </Dt> <Dd> 29 ( 2010 -- 2013 ) </Dd> <Dt> Most consecutive wins achieved by an international coach from debut </Dt> <Dd> 13 -- Vicente del Bosque </Dd> <Dt> Most shootouts in one World Cup by one team </Dt> <Dd> 2 at the 2002 FIFA World Cup ( shared with Argentina at the 1990 FIFA World Cup , Netherlands and Costa Rica at the 2014 FIFA World Cup ) </Dd> <Dt> Highest number of points in World Cup qualification </Dt> <Dd> 30 out of 30 points ( 2008 -- 2009 ) </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Nationwide ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> Most international caps </Dt> <Dd> 167 -- Iker Casillas </Dd> <Dt> Most international goals </Dt> <Dd> 59 -- David Villa </Dd> <Dt> Most international assists </Dt> <Dd> 31 -- Cesc Fàbregas </Dd> <Dt> Most goals scored in one season </Dt> <Dd> 13 -- David Villa ( 2008 -- 2009 ) </Dd> <Dt> Most hat - tricks scored </Dt> <Dd> 3 -- Fernando Torres & David Villa </Dd> <Dt> Most consecutive games ended with at least one goal </Dt> <Dd> 6 -- David Villa </Dd> <Dt> Top scorer in World Cup finals </Dt> <Dd> 9 -- David Villa </Dd> <Dt> Most goals scored in one World Cup </Dt> <Dd> 5 -- Emilio Butragueño ( 1986 ) & David Villa ( 2010 ) </Dd> <Dt> Most goals scored in consecutive matches at World Cup </Dt> <Dd> 4 -- David Villa ( 2010 ) </Dd> <Dt> Top scorer in European Championship finals </Dt> <Dd> 5 -- Fernando Torres </Dd> <Dt> Most goals scored in one European Championship </Dt> <Dd> 4 -- David Villa ( 2008 ) </Dd> <Dt> Top scorer in Confederations Cup finals </Dt> <Dd> 8 -- Fernando Torres </Dd> <Dt> Most goals scored in one Confederations Cup </Dt> <Dd> 5 -- Fernando Torres ( 2013 ) </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Top goalscorers ( edit ) </H3> David Villa is Spain 's all - time leading scorer with a tally of 59 goals . <P> As of 12 November 2017 , the ten highest scorers for Spain are : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Career </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> <Th> Caps </Th> <Th> Average </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> David Villa </Td> <Td> 2005 -- </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 0.608 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Raúl </Td> <Td> 1996 -- 2006 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 0.431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Fernando Torres </Td> <Td> 2003 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 0.345 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> David Silva </Td> <Td> 2006 -- </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 0.299 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Fernando Hierro </Td> <Td> 1989 -- 2002 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> 0.326 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Fernando Morientes </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 0.574 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Emilio Butragueño </Td> <Td> 1984 -- 1992 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> 0.377 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Alfredo Di Stéfano </Td> <Td> 1957 -- 1961 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> 0.742 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Julio Salinas </Td> <Td> 1986 -- 1996 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 0.411 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Míchel </Td> <Td> 1985 -- 1992 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 0.318 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Bold denotes players still playing international football . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Top assists ( edit ) </H3> <P> As of 12 November 2017 , the highest assists for Spain are : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Career </Th> <Th> Assists </Th> <Th> Caps </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cesc Fàbregas </Td> <Td> 2006 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Xavi </Td> <Td> 2000 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 133 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> David Silva </Td> <Td> 2006 -- </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Andrés Iniesta </Td> <Td> 2006 -- </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Bold denotes players still playing international football . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Most capped Spain players ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of Spain international footballers Iker Casillas is the most capped player in the history of the national team , with a record of 167 matches . <P> As of 12 November 2017 , the players with the most caps for Spain are : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Career </Th> <Th> Caps </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Iker Casillas </Td> <Td> 2000 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> 167 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sergio Ramos </Td> <Td> 2005 -- </Td> <Td> 150 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Xavi </Td> <Td> 2000 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> 133 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Andoni Zubizarreta </Td> <Td> 1985 -- 1998 </Td> <Td> 126 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Andrés Iniesta </Td> <Td> 2006 -- </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> David Silva </Td> <Td> 2006 -- </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Xabi Alonso </Td> <Td> 2003 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> 114 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Cesc Fàbregas </Td> <Td> 2006 -- </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Fernando Torres </Td> <Td> 2003 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Raúl </Td> <Td> 1996 -- 2006 </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Sergio Busquets </Td> <Td> 2008 -- </Td> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Carles Puyol </Td> <Td> 2000 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> David Villa </Td> <Td> 2005 -- </Td> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Gerard Piqué </Td> <Td> 2009 -- </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Fernando Hierro </Td> <Td> 1989 -- 2002 </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> José Antonio Camacho </Td> <Td> 1975 -- 1988 </Td> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Santi Cazorla </Td> <Td> 2008 -- 2015 </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Rafael Gordillo </Td> <Td> 1978 -- 1988 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Emilio Butragueño </Td> <Td> 1984 -- 1992 </Td> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Carlos Marchena </Td> <Td> 2002 -- 2011 </Td> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Luis Arconada </Td> <Td> 1976 -- 1986 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Míchel </Td> <Td> 1985 -- 1992 </Td> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Pedro </Td> <Td> 2010 -- </Td> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Luis Enrique </Td> <Td> 1991 -- 2002 </Td> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Miguel Angel Nadal </Td> <Td> 1991 -- 2002 </Td> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Joan Capdevila </Td> <Td> 2002 -- 2011 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Víctor Muñoz </Td> <Td> 1981 -- 1988 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Jordi Alba </Td> <Td> 2011 -- </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Álvaro Arbeloa </Td> <Td> 2008 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Julio Salinas </Td> <Td> 1986 -- 1996 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Santillana </Td> <Td> 1975 -- 1985 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Sergi </Td> <Td> 1994 -- 2002 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Abelardo </Td> <Td> 1991 -- 2001 </Td> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Rafael Alkorta </Td> <Td> 1990 -- 1998 </Td> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Joseba Etxeberria </Td> <Td> 1997 -- 2004 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Míchel Salgado </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2006 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Raúl Albiol </Td> <Td> 2007 -- 2015 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Joaquín </Td> <Td> 2002 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> David Albelda </Td> <Td> 2001 -- 2008 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> José Ángel Iribar </Td> <Td> 1964 -- 1976 </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Manolo Sanchís </Td> <Td> 1986 -- 1992 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Pep Guardiola </Td> <Td> 1992 -- 2000 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Iván Helguera </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2004 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Fernando Morientes </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Santiago Cañizares </Td> <Td> 1993 -- 2006 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Valerón </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2005 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Ricardo Zamora </Td> <Td> 1920 -- 1936 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Rubén Baraja </Td> <Td> 2000 -- 2005 </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Francisco Gento </Td> <Td> 1955 -- 1969 </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Amancio Amaro </Td> <Td> 1962 -- 1974 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Ricardo Gallego </Td> <Td> 1982 -- 1988 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> Juan Mata </Td> <Td> 2009 -- </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> = </Td> <Td> Juan Manuel Asensi </Td> <Td> 1969 -- 1980 </Td> <Td> 41

The all-time highest goal scorer in the Spain national team is

All time highest goal scorer in spain national team?

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Small Steps ( novel ) - Wikipedia <H1> Small Steps ( novel ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( September 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Small Steps <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> US first edition cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Louis Sachar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> Amy Guip </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Holes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Young adult novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Delacorte Press ( US ) Bloomsbury ( UK ) Doubleday Canada ( CAN ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> January 10 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 257 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Small Steps is a 2006 novel for young adults by Louis Sachar , first published by Delacorte Books ( Dell ) . It is a spinoff and the sequel to Holes , although the main character of Holes , Stanley Yelnats , is only briefly and indirectly mentioned . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Reception </Li> <Li> 3 Publishing history </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two years after his release from Camp Green Lake , Theodore `` Armpit '' Johnson is living in Austin , Texas trying to build a stable lifestyle by digging deep holes and caring for his neighbor Ginny McDonald , a ten - year - old girl with cerebral palsy . While working at the mayor 's home , he is approached by Rex `` X-Ray '' Washburn , one of his friends from Camp Green Lake , who wants Armpit to loan him money for a ticket scalping scheme for an upcoming concert by teen pop star Kaira Deleon . Armpit agrees , and at first the scheme seems to go as planned . </P> <P> He asks X-Ray to give him the last two tickets to the concert , so he can take Tatiana , the girl he admires in his summer class , on a date . At first X-Ray is unwilling because he already has a buyer for the tickets , but eventually he agrees to give them to Armpit . </P> <P> Later , Tatiana says she would be unable to come to the concert because a couple of her friends had said bad things about him although she did not mention this to his face , so Armpit decides to take Ginny instead . When the remaining tickets are discovered to be counterfeit , Armpit is beaten and handcuffed by the police while Ginny has a seizure . Luckily , the mayor of the city -- who remembers Armpit from the landscaping work he did for her -- intervenes ; and singer Kaira DeLeon , upon discovering the situation , invites Armpit and Ginny to watch her from backstage . After the concert , they join her to share ice cream . A couple days later Kaira and Armpit meet up for breakfast in the four seasons hotel . They go outside and Kaira tries to guess what Armpit 's nickname is . He said that if he told her she would have to touch that body part that was his nickname . He tells her and then she touches his armpit . </P> <P> The next day , X-Ray reveals that he had made the counterfeit tickets , selling the genuine ones to the buyer . He gives Armpit the money gained by selling the missing genuine tickets . After a few days , Armpit receives a love letter from Kaira DeLeon . </P> <P> Some time afterward , Detective Debbie Newberg of the Austin Police Department questions Armpit about the counterfeit tickets ; where upon Armpit invents a culprit to avert suspicion from himself and X-Ray . </P> <P> Later still , Armpit is invited to San Francisco by Kaira ; but is accosted by ticket sellers Felix and Moses , who beat X-Ray and threaten to expose both of them to the police unless Armpit gives them the letter that Kaira sent earlier . Having agreed to do so , Armpit meets Kaira in San Francisco . In a coffee shop on the Italian part of San Francisco called North Beach , he tries to explain the counterfeit tickets and how he has to sell her love letter . He asks her if she will write another love letter , so he can sell it . Kaira believes Armpit is after her money and does not care about her as a person . This results in an argument which ends by Kaira throwing coffee all over Armpit , then storming away . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Kaira 's business manager and stepfather , Jerome `` El Genius '' Paisley , plots to kill Kaira and frame Armpit for the murder . Jerome is jealous and angry because Kaira plans to fire him when she turns eighteen , in two months . Jerome enters Kaira 's room and attacks her with a metal bat , which was the same one that he showed Armpit earlier . Although she ends up unconscious and seriously hurt , Kaira survives , after Armpit and Fred ( her bodyguard ) stop Jerome . Jerome goes to jail . Kaira later recovers , though is told she may not be able to sing again . Also , it is discovered that Aileen , Kaira 's mother 's best friend , had stolen almost all of the money in Kaira 's trust account . Aileen is put in jail , but Kaira 's money is never recovered , leaving Kaira broke . </P> <P> Armpit arrives home and is visited one last time by Detective Newberg . She reveals that she knows Armpit bought the tickets from X-Ray , but that she is closing the case . Later on , Armpit hears Kaira on the radio singing about her and Armpit 's relationship , accompanied only by a piano . Armpit is touched by this . He accepts his life ca n't revolve around Kaira DeLeon , and decides to continue with his plan of taking small steps towards making a better life for himself . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> In a review for Holes , Josh Lacey commented Small Steps `` has a lot to recommend it - funny dialogue , a fast - moving story , some emotive scenes , an interesting central character - but does inevitably suffer by comparison with Sachar 's last novel . '' During his review for the New York Times , A.O. Scott praised the novel 's prose as being `` clear and relaxed , and funny in a low - key , observant way , '' and observed that unlike Holes , in Small Steps `` the realism is more conventional , and the book sticks more closely to the genre of young - adult problem literature . '' </P> <H2> Publishing history ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Sachar , Louis . Small Steps . New York : Delacorte , 2006 . Print . </Li> <Li> Sachar , Louis . Small Steps , Holes Series , New York : Delacorte , 2006 . Press . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Children and Young Adult Literature portal </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Small Steps at WorldCat </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lacey , Josh , `` Filling in the Holes story '' , The Guardian , published 4 February 2006 , retrieved 18 November 2015 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Scott , A.O. , `` Small Steps , by Louis Sachar '' , New York Times , published 15 January 2006 , retrieved 18 November 2015 </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Steps_(novel)&oldid=837908025 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2006 American novels </Li> <Li> Novels by Louis Sachar </Li> <Li> Sequel novels </Li> <Li> American young adult novels </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from December 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention from September 2015 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention </Li> <Li> Articles with multiple maintenance issues </Li> <Li> Pages to import images to Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Suomi </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 April 2018 , at 19 : 06 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The book "Small Steps" takes place in

Where did the book small steps take place?

-8488975200279464488

, 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Home fields </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Metropolitan Stadium ( 1961 -- 1981 ) </Li> <Li> Mall of America Field at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome ( 1982 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> TCF Bank Stadium ( 2014 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> U.S. Bank Stadium ( 2016 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The Vikings joined the National Football League ( NFL ) as an expansion team in 1960 , and first took the field for the 1961 season . The team competes in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . The Vikings played in four Super Bowl games in the 1970s , but lost all four . </P> <P> During the 1960s , the Vikings ' record was typical for an expansion franchise , but improved over the course of the decade , resulting in a Central Division title in 1968 . In 1969 , their dominant defense led to the Vikings ' league championship in 1969 , the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with the AFL . </P> <P> The team plays its home games at U.S. Bank Stadium in the Downtown East section of Minneapolis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1960s </Li> <Li> 1.2 1970s </Li> <Li> 1.3 1980s </Li> <Li> 1.4 1990s <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 1998 </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 1999 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.5 2000s <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 2000 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 2 2001 -- 2005 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 3 2006 -- 2008 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 4 2009 -- 2010 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 5 2011 -- 2013 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 6 2014 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Logo and uniforms <Ul> <Li> 2.1 All purple uniforms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Mascots <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Current mascot </Li> <Li> 3.2 Historic mascots </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Traditions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Fight song </Li> <Li> 4.2 Rivals <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Chicago Bears </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Detroit Lions </Li> <Li> 4.2. 3 Green Bay Packers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 Helga hats </Li> <Li> 4.4 Vikings horn </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Players <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Current roster </Li> <Li> 5.2 Retired numbers </Li> <Li> 5.3 Pro Football Hall of Famers </Li> <Li> 5.4 Ring of Honor </Li> <Li> 5.5 25th Anniversary Team ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> 5.6 40th Anniversary Team ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> 5.7 50 Greatest Vikings ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> 5.8 All Metrodome Team ( 2013 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Coaches <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Head coaches </Li> <Li> 6.2 Current staff </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Radio and television <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Radio affiliates <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Minnesota </Li> <Li> 7.1. 2 Iowa </Li> <Li> 7.1. 3 North Dakota </Li> <Li> 7.1. 4 South Dakota </Li> <Li> 7.1. 5 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of the Minnesota Vikings See also : List of Minnesota Vikings seasons <P> Professional football in the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul area ( the `` Twin Cities '' ) began with the Minneapolis Marines / Red Jackets , an NFL team that played intermittently in the 1920s and 1930s . However , a new professional team in the area did not surface again until August 1959 , when Minneapolis businessmen Bill Boyer , H.P. Skoglund , and Max Winter were awarded a franchise in the new American Football League ( AFL ) . Five months later , in January 1960 , after significant pressure from the NFL , the ownership group , along with Bernard H. Ridder Jr. , reneged on its agreement with the AFL and then was awarded the National Football League 's 14th franchise , with play to begin in 1961 . Ole Haugsrud was added to the NFL team ownership because , in the 1920s , when he sold his Duluth Eskimos team back to the league , the agreement allowed him 10 percent of any future Minnesota team . Coincidentally or not , the teams from Ole Haugsrud 's high school , Central High School in Superior , Wisconsin , were also called the Vikings and also had a similar purple - and - yellow uniform design and color scheme . </P> <P> From the team 's first season in 1961 to 1981 , the team called Metropolitan Stadium in suburban Bloomington home . The Vikings conducted summer training camp at Bemidji State University from 1961 to 1965 . In 1966 , the team moved to their training camp to Minnesota State University in Mankato . The training camp at Minnesota State was one of the longest continuously running training camp events in the NFL and is remembered as part of the golden era history of the team . The Vikings played their home games at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis from 1982 to 2013 . The Vikings played their last game at the Metrodome on December 29 , 2013 , defeating the Detroit Lions 14 -- 13 to end the season . </P> <P> Since the team 's first season in 1961 , the Vikings have had one of the highest winning percentages in the NFL . As of 2017 , they have won at least three games in every season except in 1962 , and are one of only six NFL teams to win at least 15 games in a regular season . The Vikings have won one NFL Championship , in 1969 , before the league 's merger with the American Football League ( AFL ) . Since the league merger in 1970 , they have qualified for the playoffs 27 times , third-most in the league . The team has played in Super Bowls IV , VIII , IX , and XI , though failing to win any of them . In addition , they have lost in their last six NFC Championship Game appearances since 1978 . The team currently has 14 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame . </P> <H3> 1960s </H3> <P> The team was officially named the Minnesota Vikings on September 27 , 1960 ; the name is partly meant to reflect Minnesota 's place as a center of Scandinavian American culture . From the start , the Vikings embraced an energetic marketing program that produced first - year season ticket sales of nearly 26,000 and an average home attendance of 34,586 , about 85 percent of Metropolitan Stadium 's capacity of 40,800 . Eventually , the capacity of Met Stadium was increased to 47,900 . Bert Rose , former public relations director for the Los Angeles Rams , was appointed the team 's first general manager . The search for the first head coach saw the team court then - Northwestern University head coach Ara Parseghian , who , according to Minneapolis Star writer Jim Klobuchar -- the Vikings ' first beat reporter for that newspaper -- visited team management in the Twin Cities under the condition that his visit was to be kept secret from his current employer . His cover was blown by local columnist Sid Hartman , who reported the visit and forced Parseghian to issue denials . Philadelphia Eagles assistant Nick Skorich and a man with Minnesota ties who was working in the CFL , Bud Grant , were also candidates until a different Eagle , quarterback Norm Van Brocklin , was hired on January 18 , 1961 . Van Brocklin had just finished his career as a player on a high note , having defeated the Green Bay Packers in the 1960 NFL Championship Game . </P> Head Coach Bud Grant ( 1967 -- 1983 and 1985 ) The Vikings were upset by the Chiefs 23 -- 7 in Super Bowl IV . <P> As a new franchise , the Vikings had the first overall selection in the 1961 NFL Draft , and they picked running back Tommy Mason of Tulane . They also took a young quarterback from the University of Georgia named Fran Tarkenton in the third round . Notable veterans acquired in the offseason were George Shaw and Hugh McElhenny . The Vikings won their first regular season game , defeating the Chicago Bears 37 -- 13 on Opening Day 1961 ; Tarkenton came off the bench to throw four touchdown passes and run for another to lead the upset . Reality set in as the expansion team lost its next seven games on their way to a 3 -- 11 record . The losing continued throughout much of the 1960s as the Vikings had a combined record of 32 wins , 59 losses , and 7 ties in their first seven seasons with only one winning season ( 8 -- 5 -- 1 in 1964 ) . </P> <P> On March 7 , 1967 , quarterback Fran Tarkenton was traded to the New York Giants for a first - round and second - round draft choice in 1967 , a first - round choice in 1968 and a second - round choice in 1969 . With the picks , Minnesota selected Clinton Jones and Bob Grim in 1967 , Ron Yary in 1968 and Ed White in 1969 . On March 10 , 1967 the Vikings hired new head coach Bud Grant to replace Van Brocklin , who had resigned on February 11 , 1967 . Grant came to the Vikings from the Canadian Football League as head coach for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers , whom he led to four Grey Cup Championships in 10 years . Replacing Tarkenton at quarterback was eight - year CFL veteran and Grey Cup champion Joe Kapp . During the late 1960s , the Vikings built a powerful defense known as the Purple People Eaters , led by Alan Page , Carl Eller , Gary Larsen , and Jim Marshall . In 1968 , that stingy defense earned the Vikings their first Central Division title and their first playoff berth . </P> <P> In 1969 , the Vikings secured a 12 -- 2 record . The team had 12 straight regular - season victories after a season - opening loss to the New York Giants , which was the longest single - season winning streak in 35 years . The Vikings defeated the Cleveland Browns 27 -- 7 in the last pre-merger NFL Championship Game on January 4 , 1970 , at Metropolitan Stadium . The Vikings became the first modern NFL expansion team to win an NFL Championship Game , and earned a berth in Super Bowl IV ; however , the heavily favored Vikings lost that game to the Kansas City Chiefs , 23 -- 7 . The team MVP that season was Joe Kapp , who threw for seven touchdowns against the Baltimore Colts -- still an all - time NFL record ; however , Kapp refused to accept the award , stating , `` There is not one most valuable Viking ... there are 40 most valuable Vikings ! '' </P> <H3> 1970s </H3> <P> The team continued to dominate in 1970 and 1971 , reaching the playoffs behind the stubborn `` Purple People Eaters '' defensive line . In 1971 , Alan Page won the NFL Most Valuable Player Award given by the Associated Press . He was the first defensive player to win the award . </P> Hall of Fame defensive end Carl Eller , a member of the `` Purple People Eaters '' . <P> On January 27 , 1972 , the Vikings traded Norm Snead , Bob Grim , Vince Clements and first - round draft picks in 1972 and 1973 to the New York Giants to reacquire the popular Fran Tarkenton . While the acquisitions of Tarkenton and wide receiver John Gilliam improved the passing attack , the running game was inconsistent and the Vikings finished with a disappointing 7 -- 7 record .

The Minnesota Vikings last appeared in Super Bowl

When was the last time minnesota vikings was in the super bowl?

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Khasi and Jaintia Hills - wikipedia <H1> Khasi and Jaintia Hills </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the district during the British Raj . For the mountain range , see Khasi Hills . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Khasi - Jaintia Hills </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> District of Assam Province , British India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1912 -- 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> The Khasi and Jaintia Hills in the Bengal Gazetteer , 1907 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> History </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bifurcation of Eastern Bengal and Assam </Td> <Td> 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independence of India </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Area </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1901 </Td> <Td> 15,947 km ( 6,157 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Population </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1901 </Td> <Td> 197,904 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Density </Td> <Td> 12.4 / km ( 32.1 / sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Khasi states , 1947 <P> The Khasi and Jaintia Hills are a mountainous region that was mainly part of Assam and Meghalaya . The Assam Legislative Assembly This area is now part of the present Indian constitutive state of Meghalaya ( formerly Assam ) , which includes the present districts of East Jaintia Hills district , headquarter Khliehriat , West Jaintia Hills district , headquarter Jowai , East Khasi Hills district , headquarter Shillong , and West Khasi Hills district , headquarter Nongstoin . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Jaintia Hills </Li> <Li> 2 Khasi Hills </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Jaintia Hills ( edit ) </H2> Main article : East Jaintia Hills district Main article : West Jaintia Hills district <P> The Jaintia Hills are located further to the east from the Khasi Hills . The twelve Chiefs of the elaka ( tribal province ) of the Jaintia , a Khasi subtribe of the ) Pantars = Syntengs tribes , are styled Dolloi , and the land is called after them in Khasi : KA RI KHADAR DOLLOI ' Land of 12 Tribal Chiefs ' ) - they are in Nartiang itself ( see the Raja , uniquely also styled , as premier Chief : U Kongsong ) , and in Amwi , Jowai , Lakadong , Mynso , Nongbah , Nongjngi , Nongphyllut , Nongtallang , Raliang , Shangpung , Sutnga ( see below ; also cited as seat of a Syiem ) </P> <P> Above them is the only true princely ruler of the area , the Raja of Jaintiapur . His winter capital is now in Bangladesh , with his summer residence shifted from Sutnga ( where the family started as Syiems ) to Nartiang ; also a palace in the commercial center Borghat . </P> <P> The Jaintia Hills used to be a part of the Jaintia Hills District . The district has been bifurcated into two separate districts , namely , East Jaintia Hills and West Jaintia Hills on 31 July 2012 . </P> <H2> Khasi Hills ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Khasi Hills <P> The Khasi Hills are located east of the Garo Hills . The other Khasi tribes did not have princes but their twenty petty states ( hima ) , and sometimes even smaller tribal divisions , are led by one or two Chiefs - selected in various ways - usually styled Siem , Syiem . </P> <P> The names of these chieftainships are : Bhowal , Cherra ( or Sohra ; capital Cherrapunji ) , Dwara ( capital Hat Dwara ) , Jirang , Khyri ( e ) m ( capital Cherrapunjee , under a Radja ) , Langrin , Langïong , Maharam , Malai Sohmat , Marriw , Mawdon , Mawiang , Mawlong , Mawphlang , Mylliem ( including Shillong city , the colonial capital of all Tribal Assam ) , Nobosohphoh , Nonglwai , Nongkhlaw , Nongspung , Nongstoiñ , Pamsanngut , Rambrai , Shella , Sohïong . or Sardar ... </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Chisholm , Hugh , ed. ( 1911 ) . `` Khasi and Jaintia Hills '' . Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 ( 11th ed . ) . Cambridge University Press . pp. 773 -- 774 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Integration of the North East : the State Formation Process </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Great Britain India Office . The Imperial Gazetteer of India . Oxford : Clarendon Press , 1908 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Map of the Khasi states </Li> <Li> The Khasis by R.R.T. Gurdon ; part 2 </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Historical districts of British India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Districts in the Madras Presidency </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ceded Districts </Li> <Li> Chingleput District </Li> <Li> Coimbatore District </Li> <Li> Godavari District </Li> <Li> Madura District </Li> <Li> Malabar District </Li> <Li> North Arcot </Li> <Li> South Arcot District </Li> <Li> South Canara </Li> <Li> Tanjore District </Li> <Li> Tinnevely District </Li> <Li> Trichinopoly District </Li> <Li> Vizagapatam District </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Districts in the Bengal Presidency </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Backergunge District </Li> <Li> Bassein District </Li> <Li> Champaran District </Li> <Li> Garo Hills district </Li> <Li> Jungle Mahals </Li> <Li> Jungle Terry </Li> <Li> Khasi and Jaintia Hills </Li> <Li> Lushai Hills District </Li> <Li> Manbhum District </Li> <Li> Naga Hills District </Li> <Li> Shahabad district </Li> <Li> Singhbhum District </Li> <Li> Tipperah District </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Districts in the Bombay Presidency </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> East Khandesh </Li> <Li> Kaladgi District </Li> <Li> Khandesh District </Li> <Li> Upper Sind Frontier District </Li> <Li> West Khandesh </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other districts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bhilsa District </Li> <Li> Chanderi District </Li> <Li> Delhi District </Li> <Li> Ellichpur District </Li> <Li> Garhwal District </Li> <Li> Hazara District ( NW Frontier ) </Li> <Li> Isagarh District </Li> <Li> Kumaon District </Li> <Li> Lyallpur District </Li> <Li> Merwara District </Li> <Li> Montgomery District </Li> <Li> Muhamdi District </Li> <Li> Nimar District </Li> <Li> North Bareilly District </Li> <Li> Quetta - Pishin District </Li> <Li> Shahpur District </Li> <Li> Sironj District </Li> <Li> Thal - Chotiali </Li> <Li> Wun District </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Post independence historical districts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bangalore District </Li> <Li> Imphal District </Li> <Li> Midnapore district </Li> <Li> West Dinajpur District </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Subdivisions of British India </Li> <Li> Divisions of British India </Li> <Li> Presidencies and provinces of British India </Li> <Li> British Empire in India </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khasi_and_Jaintia_Hills&oldid=830303105 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> States and territories established in 1912 </Li> <Li> States and territories disestablished in 1947 </Li> <Li> History of Meghalaya </Li> <Li> History of Assam </Li> <Li> Districts of British India </Li> <Li> Tourism in North East India </Li> <Li> 1912 establishments in India </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 14 March 2018 , at 00 : 18 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The Khasi Hills are located on the map of India as

Location of khasi hills on map of india?

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Robot - wikipedia <H1> Robot </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about mechanical robots . For software agents , see Bot . For other uses of the term , see Robot ( disambiguation ) . ASIMO ( 2000 ) at the Expo 2005 , a bipedal humanoid robot . Articulated welding robots used in a factory , a type of industrial robot . The quadrupedal military robot Cheetah , an evolution of BigDog ( pictured ) , was clocked as the world 's fastest legged robot in 2012 , beating the record set by an MIT bipedal robot in 1989 . <P> A robot is a machine -- especially one programmable by a computer -- capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically . Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within . Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to how they look . </P> <P> Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda 's Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility ( ASIMO ) and TOSY 's TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot ( TOPIO ) to industrial robots , medical operating robots , patient assist robots , dog therapy robots , collectively programmed swarm robots , UAV drones such as General Atomics MQ - 1 Predator , and even microscopic nano robots . By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements , a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own . Autonomous Things are expected to proliferate in the coming decade , with home robotics and the autonomous car as some of the main drivers . </P> <P> The branch of technology that deals with the design , construction , operation , and application of robots , as well as computer systems for their control , sensory feedback , and information processing is robotics . These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes , or resemble humans in appearance , behavior , or cognition . Many of today 's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics . These robots have also created a newer branch of robotics : soft robotics . </P> <P> From the time of ancient civilization there have been many accounts of user - configurable automated devices and even automata resembling animals and humans , designed primarily as entertainment . As mechanical techniques developed through the Industrial age , there appeared more practical applications such as automated machines , remote - control and wireless remote - control . </P> <P> The term comes from a Czech word , robota , meaning `` forced labor '' ; the word ' robot ' was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 play R.U.R. by the Czech writer , Karel Čapek but it was Karel 's brother Josef Čapek who was the word 's true inventor . Electronics evolved into the driving force of development with the advent of the first electronic autonomous robots created by William Grey Walter in Bristol , England in 1948 , as well as Computer Numerical Control ( CNC ) machine tools in the late 1940s by John T. Parsons and Frank L. Stulen . The first commercial , digital and programmable robot was built by George Devol in 1954 and was named the Unimate . It was sold to General Motors in 1961 where it was used to lift pieces of hot metal from die casting machines at the Inland Fisher Guide Plant in the West Trenton section of Ewing Township , New Jersey . </P> <P> Robots have replaced humans in performing repetitive and dangerous tasks which humans prefer not to do , or are unable to do because of size limitations , or which take place in extreme environments such as outer space or the bottom of the sea . There are concerns about the increasing use of robots and their role in society . Robots are blamed for rising technological unemployment as they replace workers in increasing numbers of functions . The use of robots in military combat raises ethical concerns . The possibilities of robot autonomy and potential repercussions have been addressed in fiction and may be a realistic concern in the future . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Summary </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Early beginnings </Li> <Li> 2.2 Remote - controlled systems </Li> <Li> 2.3 Origin of the term ' robot ' </Li> <Li> 2.4 Early robots </Li> <Li> 2.5 Modern autonomous robots </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Future development and trends <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New functionalities and prototypes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Etymology </Li> <Li> 5 Modern robots <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Mobile robot </Li> <Li> 5.2 Industrial robots ( manipulating ) </Li> <Li> 5.3 Service robot </Li> <Li> 5.4 Educational robot </Li> <Li> 5.5 Modular robot </Li> <Li> 5.6 Collaborative robots </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Robots in society <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Autonomy and ethical questions </Li> <Li> 6.2 Military robots </Li> <Li> 6.3 Relationship to unemployment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Contemporary uses <Ul> <Li> 7.1 General - purpose autonomous robots </Li> <Li> 7.2 Factory robots <Ul> <Li> 7.2. 1 Car production </Li> <Li> 7.2. 2 Packaging </Li> <Li> 7.2. 3 Electronics </Li> <Li> 7.2. 4 Automated guided vehicles ( AGVs ) <Ul> <Li> 7.2. 4.1 Early AGV - style robots </Li> <Li> 7.2. 4.2 Interim AGV technologies </Li> <Li> 7.2. 4.3 Intelligent AGVs ( i - AGVs ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.3 Dirty , dangerous , dull or inaccessible tasks <Ul> <Li> 7.3. 1 Space probes </Li> <Li> 7.3. 2 Telerobots </Li> <Li> 7.3. 3 Automated fruit harvesting machines </Li> <Li> 7.3. 4 Domestic robots </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.4 Military robots </Li> <Li> 7.5 Mining robots </Li> <Li> 7.6 Healthcare <Ul> <Li> 7.6. 1 Home automation for the elderly and disabled </Li> <Li> 7.6. 2 Pharmacies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.7 Research robots <Ul> <Li> 7.7. 1 Bionic and biomimetic robots </Li> <Li> 7.7. 2 Nanorobots </Li> <Li> 7.7. 3 Reconfigurable robots </Li> <Li> 7.7. 4 Soft - bodied robots </Li> <Li> 7.7. 5 Swarm robots </Li> <Li> 7.7. 6 Haptic interface robots </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Robots in popular culture <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Literature </Li> <Li> 8.2 Films </Li> <Li> 8.3 Sex robots </Li> <Li> 8.4 Problems depicted in popular culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Specific robotics concepts </Li> <Li> 9.2 Robotics methods and categories </Li> <Li> 9.3 Specific robots and devices </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Summary </H2> KITT ( a fictitious robot ) is mentally anthropomorphic iCub is physically anthropomorphic <P> The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents , but the latter are usually referred to as bots . There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots but there is general agreement among experts , and the public , that robots tend to possess some or all of the following abilities and functions : accept electronic programming , process data or physical perceptions electronically , operate autonomously to some degree , move around , operate physical parts of itself or physical processes , sense and manipulate their environment , and exhibit intelligent behavior , especially behavior which mimics humans or other animals . Closely related to the concept of a robot is the field of Synthetic Biology , which studies entities whose nature is more comparable to beings than to machines . </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of robots <P> The idea of automata originates in the mythologies of many cultures around the world . Engineers and inventors from ancient civilizations , including Ancient China , Ancient Greece , and Ptolemaic Egypt , attempted to build self - operating machines , some resembling animals and humans . Early descriptions of automata include the artificial doves of Archytas , the artificial birds of Mozi and Lu Ban , a `` speaking '' automaton by Hero of Alexandria , a washstand automaton by Philo of Byzantium , and a human automaton described in the Lie Zi . </P> <H3> Early beginnings </H3> <P> Many ancient mythologies , and most modern religions include artificial people , such as the mechanical servants built by the Greek god Hephaestus ( Vulcan to the Romans ) , the clay golems of Jewish legend and clay giants of Norse legend , and Galatea , the mythical statue of Pygmalion that came to life . Since circa 400 BC , myths of Crete include Talos , a man of bronze who guarded the Cretan island of Europa from pirates . </P> <P> In ancient Greece , the Greek engineer Ctesibius ( c. 270 BC ) `` applied a knowledge of pneumatics and hydraulics to produce the first organ and water clocks with moving figures . '' In the 4th century BC , the Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum postulated a mechanical steam - operated bird he called `` The Pigeon '' . Hero of Alexandria ( 10 -- 70 AD ) , a Greek mathematician and inventor , created numerous user - configurable automated devices , and described machines powered by air pressure , steam and water . </P> Al - Jazari -- A Musical Toy <P> The 11th century Lokapannatti tells of how the Buddha 's relics were protected by mechanical robots ( bhuta vahana yanta ) , from the kingdom of Roma visaya ( Rome ) ; until they were disarmed by King Ashoka . </P> <P> In ancient China , the 3rd century text of the Lie Zi describes an account of humanoid automata , involving a much earlier encounter between Chinese emperor King Mu of Zhou and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi , an ' artificer ' . Yan Shi proudly presented the king with a life - size , human - shaped figure of his mechanical ' handiwork ' made of leather , wood , and artificial organs . There are also accounts of flying automata in the Han Fei Zi and other texts , which attributes the 5th century BC Mohist philosopher Mozi and his contemporary Lu Ban with the invention of artificial wooden birds ( ma yuan ) that could successfully fly . In 1066 , the Chinese inventor Su Song built a water clock in the form of a tower which featured mechanical figurines which chimed the hours . </P> Su Song 's astronomical clock tower showing the mechanical figurines which chimed the hours . <P> The beginning of automata is associated with the invention of early Su Song 's astronomical clock tower featured mechanical figurines that chimed the hours . His mechanism had a programmable drum machine with pegs ( cams ) that bumped into little levers that operated percussion instruments . The drummer could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns by moving the pegs to different locations . </P> <P> Samarangana Sutradhara , a Sanskrit treatise by Bhoja ( 11th century ) , includes a chapter about the construction of mechanical contrivances ( automata ) , including mechanical bees and birds , fountains shaped like humans and animals , and male and female dolls that refilled oil lamps , danced , played instruments , and re-enacted scenes from Hindu mythology . </P> Model of Leonardo 's robot with inner workings . Possibly constructed by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1495 . <P> In Renaissance Italy , Leonardo da Vinci ( 1452 -- 1519 ) sketched plans for a humanoid robot around 1495 . Da Vinci 's notebooks , rediscovered in the 1950s , contained detailed drawings of a mechanical knight now known as Leonardo 's robot , able to sit up , wave its arms and move its head and jaw . The design was probably based on anatomical research recorded in his Vitruvian Man . It is not known whether he attempted to build it .

The term "robot" originated

Where did the term 'robot' come from?

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List of cities proper by Population - wikipedia <H1> List of cities proper by Population </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It has been suggested that this article be merged with List of largest cities . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Population tables of world cities </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World 's largest cities </Li> <Li> World 's largest cities proper </Li> <Li> World 's largest conurbations </Li> <Li> World 's largest agglomerations </Li> <Li> World 's largest urban areas </Li> <Li> World megacities </Li> <Li> World megalopolises </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> This article lists the most populous cities in the world defined according to a concept of city proper . A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government . Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs . </P> <P> World Urbanization Prospects , a UN publication , defines population of a city proper as `` the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority . '' The book continues to say that `` city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives . '' This definition does not give an accurate picture of the urban area or metropolitan area of cities . Using this strictly administrative definition , many cities will be included on this list that are smaller than their urban area . However , many Chinese cities included govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional `` city proper '' into suburban and rural areas . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cities proper by population </Li> <Li> 2 Notes </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cities proper by Population ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dd> This is an incomplete list , which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness . You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries . Please observe the definition of the list when adding or editing entries . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Image </Th> <Th> Population </Th> <Th> Definition </Th> <Th> Total area ( km2 ) </Th> <Th> Population density ( / km2 ) </Th> <Th> Country </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shanghai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007242568000000000 ♠ 24,256,800 </Td> <Td> Municipality </Td> <Td> 7003634050000000000 ♠ 6,340.5 </Td> <Td> 3,826 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Beijing </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007215160000000000 ♠ 21,516,000 </Td> <Td> Municipality </Td> <Td> 7004164105400000000 ♠ 16,410.54 </Td> <Td> 1,311 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Delhi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007167879410000000 ♠ 16,787,941 </Td> <Td> Union territory </Td> <Td> 7003148400000000000 ♠ 1,484 </Td> <Td> 11,313 </Td> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lagos </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007160603030000000 ♠ 16,060,303 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan City </Td> <Td> 7003117128000000000 ♠ 1,171.28 </Td> <Td> 13,712 </Td> <Td> Nigeria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Tianjin </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007152000000000000 ♠ 15,200,000 </Td> <Td> Municipality </Td> <Td> 7004117600000000000 ♠ 11,760 </Td> <Td> 1,293 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Karachi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007149103520000000 ♠ 14,910,352 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Corporation </Td> <Td> 7003352700000000000 ♠ 3,527 </Td> <Td> 4,572 </Td> <Td> Pakistan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Chengdu </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007144275000000000 ♠ 14,427,500 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7004143120000000000 ♠ 14,312 </Td> <Td> 11,263 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Istanbul </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007141604670000000 ♠ 14,160,467 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality </Td> <Td> 7003546100000000000 ♠ 5,461 </Td> <Td> 2,593 </Td> <Td> Turkey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Tokyo </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007135137340000000 ♠ 13,513,734 </Td> <Td> Metropolis </Td> <Td> 7003219100000000000 ♠ 2,191 </Td> <Td> 6,168 </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Guangzhou </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007130805000000000 ♠ 13,080,500 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7003743440000000000 ♠ 7,434.4 </Td> <Td> 1,759 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Mumbai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007124423730000000 ♠ 12,442,373 </Td> <Td> Municipal Corporation </Td> <Td> 7002603400000000000 ♠ 603.4 </Td> <Td> 20,680 </Td> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007123806640000000 ♠ 12,380,664 </Td> <Td> Federal City </Td> <Td> 7003251012000000000 ♠ 2,510.12 </Td> <Td> 4,859 </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> São Paulo </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007120381750000000 ♠ 12,038,175 </Td> <Td> Municipality City </Td> <Td> 7003152111000000000 ♠ 1,521.11 </Td> <Td> 7,914 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Lahore </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007111262850000000 ♠ 11,126,285 </Td> <Td> City District </Td> <Td> 7003177200000000000 ♠ 1,772 </Td> <Td> 5,673 </Td> <Td> Pakistan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Shenzhen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007104674000000000 ♠ 10,467,400 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7003199164000000000 ♠ 1,991.64 </Td> <Td> 5,256 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Jakarta </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7007100753100000000 ♠ 10,075,310 </Td> <Td> DKI Jakarta </Td> <Td> 7002664120000000000 ♠ 664.12 </Td> <Td> 15,171 </Td> <Td> Indonesia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Seoul </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006999578400000000 ♠ 9,995,784 </Td> <Td> Special City </Td> <Td> 7002605210000000000 ♠ 605.21 </Td> <Td> 17,134 </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Wuhan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006978539200000000 ♠ 9,785,392 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7003132761000099999 ♠ 1,327.61 </Td> <Td> 5,187 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Kinshasa </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006973500000000000 ♠ 9,735,000 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003111762000099999 ♠ 1,117.62 </Td> <Td> 8,710 </Td> <Td> Democratic Republic of the Congo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Cairo </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006927844100000000 ♠ 9,278,441 </Td> <Td> Governorate </Td> <Td> 7003308510000000000 ♠ 3,085.1 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> Egypt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Dhaka </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006890603900000000 ♠ 8,906,039 </Td> <Td> City Corporation </Td> <Td> 7002300000000000000 ♠ 300 </Td> <Td> 29,687 </Td> <Td> Bangladesh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Mexico City </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006887472400000000 ♠ 8,874,724 </Td> <Td> Federal District </Td> <Td> 7003148549000000000 ♠ 1,485.49 </Td> <Td> 5,974 </Td> <Td> Mexico </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006878789200000000 ♠ 8,787,892 </Td> <Td> Greater London Authority </Td> <Td> 7003157215000000000 ♠ 1,572.15 </Td> <Td> 5,590 </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Xi'an </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006870560000000000 ♠ 8,705,600 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7002832170000000000 ♠ 832.17 </Td> <Td> 5,369 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Tehran </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006869370600000000 ♠ 8,693,706 </Td> <Td> City Municipality </Td> <Td> 7002450930000000000 ♠ 450.93 </Td> <Td> 18,083 </Td> <Td> Iran </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Lima </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006869338700000000 ♠ 8,693,387 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003267230000000000 ♠ 2,672.3 </Td> <Td> 3,253 </Td> <Td> Peru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> New York City </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006853767300000000 ♠ 8,537,673 </Td> <Td> City </Td> <Td> 7002783840000000000 ♠ 783.84 </Td> <Td> 10,892 </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Bengaluru </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006844367500000000 ♠ 8,443,675 </Td> <Td> Municipal Corporation </Td> <Td> 7002741000000000000 ♠ 741.00 </Td> <Td> 11,876 </Td> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Bangkok </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006828092500000000 ♠ 8,280,925 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003156874000000000 ♠ 1,568.74 </Td> <Td> 5,279 </Td> <Td> Thailand </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Ho Chi Minh City </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006822440000000000 ♠ 8,224,400 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003209550000000000 ♠ 2,095.5 </Td> <Td> 3,925 </Td> <Td> Vietnam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> Dongguan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006822020700000000 ♠ 8,220,207 </Td> <Td> Prefecture - level City </Td> <Td> 7003246940000000000 ♠ 2,469.4 </Td> <Td> 3,329 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> Chongqing </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006818980000000000 ♠ 8,189,800 </Td> <Td> Central Chongqing Municipality </Td> <Td> 7003547300000000000 ♠ 5,473 </Td> <Td> 1,496 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Nanjing </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006818782800000000 ♠ 8,187,828 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7003471385000000000 ♠ 4,713.85 </Td> <Td> 1,737 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Shenyang </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006810617100000000 ♠ 8,106,171 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial City </Td> <Td> 7004129420000000000 ♠ 12,942 </Td> <Td> 626 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Bogotá </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006777684500000000 ♠ 7,776,845 </Td> <Td> Capital District </Td> <Td> 7002859110000000000 ♠ 859.11 </Td> <Td> 9,052 </Td> <Td> Colombia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> Ningbo </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006760568900000000 ♠ 7,605,689 </Td> <Td> Sub-provincial city </Td> <Td> 7003981623000000000 ♠ 9,816.23 </Td> <Td> 775 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Hong Kong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006729860000000000 ♠ 7,298,600 </Td> <Td> Special Administrative Region </Td> <Td> 7003110443000000000 ♠ 1,104.43 </Td> <Td> 6,608 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Hanoi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006723270000000000 ♠ 7,232,700 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003332450000000000 ♠ 3,324.5 </Td> <Td> 2,176 </Td> <Td> Vietnam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Baghdad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006718088900000000 ♠ 7,180,889 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003455500000000000 ♠ 4,555 </Td> <Td> 1,576 </Td> <Td> Iraq </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Changsha </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006704411800000000 ♠ 7,044,118 </Td> <Td> Prefecture - level City </Td> <Td> 7004118190000000000 ♠ 11,819 </Td> <Td> 596 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Hyderabad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006673179000000000 ♠ 6,731,790 </Td> <Td> Municipal Corporation </Td> <Td> 7002621480000000000 ♠ 621.48 </Td> <Td> 10,832 </Td> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Chennai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006672700000000000 ♠ 6,727,000 </Td> <Td> Municipal Corporation </Td> <Td> 7002426510000000000 ♠ 426.51 </Td> <Td> 15,772 </Td> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Rio de Janeiro </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006649883700000000 ♠ 6,498,837 </Td> <Td> Municipality City </Td> <Td> 7003120027000000000 ♠ 1,200.27 </Td> <Td> 5,414 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Foshan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006615162200000000 ♠ 6,151,622 </Td> <Td> Prefecture - level City </Td> <Td> 7003203462000000000 ♠ 2,034.62 </Td> <Td> 3,023 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Santiago </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006574371900000000 ♠ 5,743,719 </Td> <Td> Metropolitan Municipality - Province </Td> <Td> 7003124990000000000 ♠ 1,249.9 </Td> <Td> 4,595 </Td> <Td> Chile </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> Riyadh </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006567662100000000 ♠ 5,676,621 </Td> <Td> Municipality City </Td> <Td> 7003123398000000000 ♠ 1,233.98 </Td> <Td> 4,600 </Td> <Td> Saudi Arabia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> Ahmedabad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006557058500000000 ♠ 5,570,585 </Td> <Td> Municipal Corporation </Td> <Td> 7002475000000000000 ♠ 475 </Td> <Td> 11,728 </Td> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Singapore </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006553500000000000 ♠ 5,535,000 </Td> <Td> City State </Td> <Td> 7002719100000000000 ♠ 719.1 </Td> <Td> 7,697 </Td> <Td> Singapore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> Shantou </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006539102800000000 ♠ 5,391,028 </Td> <Td> Prefecture - level City </Td> <Td> 7003206442000000000 ♠ 2,064.42 </Td> <Td> 2,611 </Td> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Saint Petersburg </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7006528157900000000 ♠ 5,281,579 </Td> <Td> Federal City </Td> <Td> 7003143900000000000 ♠ 1,439 </Td> <Td> 3,608 </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Yangon

The three largest cities in the world by population are Tokyo, Delhi, and

Three largest cities in the world by population?

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South Pole - wikipedia <H1> South Pole </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Geographic South Pole . For other uses , see South Pole ( disambiguation ) . <P> Coordinates : 90 ° S 180 ° E  /  90 ° S 180 ° E  / - 90 ; 180 </P> The Geographic South Pole . ( The flag used on the flagpole is interchangeable . ) Image taken by NASA showing Antarctica and the South Pole in 2005 . <Ol> <Li> South Geographic Pole </Li> <Li> South Magnetic Pole ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> South Geomagnetic Pole ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> South Pole of Inaccessibility </Li> </Ol> <P> The South Pole , also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole , is one of the two points where the Earth 's axis of rotation intersects its surface . It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole . </P> <P> Situated on the continent of Antarctica , it is the site of the United States Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station , which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year . The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole , the position of which is defined based on the Earth 's magnetic field . The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geography <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Ceremonial South Pole </Li> <Li> 1.2 Historic monuments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Exploration <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Pre-1900 </Li> <Li> 2.2 1900 -- 1950 </Li> <Li> 2.3 1950 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Climate and day and night </Li> <Li> 4 Time </Li> <Li> 5 Flora and fauna </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> The Ceremonial South Pole in 1998 . The Ceremonial South Pole as of February 2008 . <P> For most purposes , the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where the Earth 's axis of rotation intersects its surface ( the other being the Geographic North Pole ) . However , the Earth 's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small `` wobbles '' ( polar motion ) , so this definition is not adequate for very precise work . </P> <P> The geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90 ° S , since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant . When a longitude is desired , it may be given as 0 ° . At the South Pole , all directions face north . For this reason , directions at the Pole are given relative to `` grid north '' , which points northwards along the prime meridian . Along tight latitude circles , clockwise is east , and counterclockwise is west , opposite to the North Pole . </P> <P> The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica ( although this has not been the case for all of Earth 's history because of continental drift ) . It sits atop a featureless , barren , windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres ( 9,301 ft ) above sea level , and is located about 1,300 km ( 800 mi ) from the nearest open sea at Bay of Whales . The ice is estimated to be about 2,700 metres ( 9,000 ft ) thick at the Pole , so the land surface under the ice sheet is actually near sea level . </P> <P> The polar ice sheet is moving at a rate of roughly 10 metres per year in a direction between 37 ° and 40 ° west of grid north , down towards the Weddell Sea . Therefore , the position of the station and other artificial features relative to the geographic pole gradually shift over time . </P> <P> The Geographic South Pole is marked by a stake in the ice alongside a small sign ; these are repositioned each year in a ceremony on New Year 's Day to compensate for the movement of the ice . The sign records the respective dates that Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott reached the Pole , followed by a short quotation from each man , and gives the elevation as `` 9,301 FT . '' . A new marker stake is designed and fabricated each year by staff at the site . </P> <H3> Ceremonial South Pole ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Ceremonial South Pole is an area set aside for photo opportunities at the South Pole Station . It is located some meters from the Geographic South Pole , and consists of a metallic sphere on a short bamboo pole , surrounded by the flags of the original Antarctic Treaty signatory states . </P> <H3> Historic Monuments ( edit ) </H3> Argentina soldiers saluting the flag after erecting the pole in 1965 <P> Amundsen 's Tent : The tent was erected by the Norwegian expedition led by Roald Amundsen on its arrival on 14 December 1911 . It is currently buried beneath the snow and ice in the vicinity of the Pole . It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument ( HSM 80 ) , following a proposal by Norway to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting . The precise location of the tent is unknown , but based on calculations of the rate of movement of the ice and the accumulation of snow , it is believed , as of 2010 , to lie between 1.8 and 2.5 km ( 1.1 and 1.6 miles ) from the Pole at a depth of 17 m ( 56 ft ) below the present surface . </P> <P> Argentine Flagpole : A flagpole erected at the South Geographical Pole in December 1965 by the First Argentine Overland Polar Expedition has been designated a Historic Site or Monument ( HSM 1 ) following a proposal by Argentina to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting . </P> <H2> Exploration ( edit ) </H2> See also : History of Antarctica , List of Antarctic expeditions , Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration , and Farthest South <H3> Pre-1900 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1820 , several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica , with the very first being the Russian expedition led by Faddey Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev . The first landing was probably just over a year later when American Captain John Davis , a sealer , set foot on the ice . </P> <P> The basic geography of the Antarctic coastline was not understood until the mid-to - late 19th century . American naval officer Charles Wilkes claimed ( correctly ) that Antarctica was a new continent , basing the claim on his exploration in 1839 -- 40 , while James Clark Ross , in his expedition of 1839 -- 43 , hoped that he might be able to sail all the way to the South Pole . ( He was unsuccessful . ) </P> <H3> 1900 -- 1950 ( edit ) </H3> Amundsen 's party at the South Pole , December 1911 . From left to right : Amundsen , Hanssen , Hassel and Wisting ( photo by fifth member Bjaaland ) . <P> British explorer Robert Falcon Scott on the Discovery Expedition of 1901 -- 04 was the first to attempt to find a route from the Antarctic coastline to the South Pole . Scott , accompanied by Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson , set out with the aim of travelling as far south as possible , and on 31 December 1902 , reached 82 ° 16 ′ S. Shackleton later returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic Expedition ( Nimrod Expedition ) in a bid to reach the Pole . On 9 January 1909 , with three companions , he reached 88 ° 23 ' S -- 112 miles ( 180 km ) from the Pole -- before being forced to turn back . </P> <P> The first men to reach the Geographic South Pole were the Norwegian Roald Amundsen and his party on December 14 , 1911 . Amundsen named his camp Polheim and the entire plateau surrounding the Pole King Haakon VII Vidde in honour of King Haakon VII of Norway . Robert Falcon Scott returned to Antarctica with his second expedition , the Terra Nova Expedition , initially unaware of Amundsen 's secretive expedition . Scott and four other men reached the South Pole on January 17 , 1912 , thirty - four days after Amundsen . On the return trip , Scott and his four companions all died of starvation and extreme cold . </P> <P> In 1914 Ernest Shackleton 's Imperial Trans - Antarctic Expedition set out with the goal of crossing Antarctica via the South Pole , but his ship , the Endurance , was frozen in pack ice and sank 11 months later . The overland journey was never made . </P> <P> US Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd , with the assistance of his first pilot Bernt Balchen , became the first person to fly over the South Pole on November 29 , 1929 . </P> <H3> 1950 -- present ( edit ) </H3> Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station . The ceremonial pole and flags can be seen in the background , slightly to the left of centre , below the tracks behind the buildings . The actual geographic pole is a few more metres to the left . The buildings are raised on stilts to prevent snow build up . <P> It was not until 31 October 1956 that humans once again set foot at the South Pole , when a party led by Admiral George J. Dufek of the US Navy landed there in an R4D - 5L Skytrain ( C - 47 Skytrain ) aircraft . The US Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station was established by air over 1956 -- 1957 for the International Geophysical Year and has been continuously staffed since then by research and support personnel . </P> <P> After Amundsen and Scott , the next people to reach the South Pole overland ( albeit with some air support ) were Edmund Hillary ( January 4 , 1958 ) and Vivian Fuchs ( January 19 , 1958 ) and their respective parties , during the Commonwealth Trans - Antarctic Expedition . There have been many subsequent expeditions to arrive at the South Pole by surface transportation , including those by Havola , Crary and Fiennes . First group of women to reach the pole were Pam Young , Jean Pearson , Lois Jones , Eileen McSaveney , Kay Lindsay and Terry Tickhill in 1969 . In 1978 Michele Eileen Raney becomes the first woman to winter at the South Pole . </P> <P> Subsequent to the establishment , in 1987 , of the logistic support base at Patriot Hills Base Camp , the South Pole became more accessible to non-government expeditions . </P> <P> On December 30 , 1989 , Arved Fuchs and Reinhold Messner were the first to traverse Antarctica via the South Pole without animal or motorized help , using only skis and the help of wind . Two women , Victoria E. Murden and Shirley Metz reached the pole by land on January 17 , 1989 . </P> <P> The fastest unsupported journey to the Geographic South Pole from the ocean is 24 days and one hour from Hercules Inlet and was set in 2011 by Norwegian adventurer Christian Eide , who beat the previous solo record set in 2009 by American Todd Carmichael of 39 days and seven hours , and the previous group record also set in 2009 of 33 days and 23 hours . </P> <P> The fastest solo ( female ) , unsupported and unassisted trek to the south pole was performed by Hannah McKeand from the UK in 2006 .

The South Pole is located on a map

Where is south pole located on a map?

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Minister Võ Văn Kiệt . During the 6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam , the country abolished its planned economy system in favor of a market oriented one . Ever since the reforms in the mid-1980s , Vietnam has enjoyed substantial economic growth . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Birth of the republic ( 1945 ) </Li> <Li> 2 Communist North and capitalist South ( 1945 -- 75 ) <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Indochina War ( 1945 -- 54 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Vietnam War ( 1954 -- 75 ) - the South </Li> <Li> 2.3 Vietnam War ( 1954 -- 75 ) - the North </Li> <Li> 2.4 The Tet Offensive and the end of the war </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Socialist Republic ( 1976 -- 1991 ) <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Refugees </Li> <Li> 3.2 Cambodia and conflict with China </Li> <Li> 3.3 Government and economy 1975 - 1991 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Contemporary Vietnam ( since 1991 ) </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Birth of the Republic ( 1945 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : August Revolution and Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam <P> The Japanese occupied Vietnam during World War II but allowed the French to remain and exert some influence . At the war 's end in August 1945 , a power vacuum was created in Vietnam . Capitalizing on this , the Việt Minh launched the `` August Revolution '' across the country to seize government offices . Emperor Bảo Đại abdicated on August 25 , 1945 , ending the Nguyễn dynasty . On September 2 , 1945 , at Duc Anh Ba Đình Square , Ho Chi Minh , leader of the Viet Minh organization , declared Vietnam 's independence under the new name of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( DRVN ) in a speech that invoked the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution 's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . Ho sent several letters to the US government asking to be recognised as the government of Vietnam and offering friendship to America , but none were ever answered . </P> <H2> Communist North and capitalist South ( 1945 -- 75 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Democratic Republic of Vietnam , State of Vietnam , Republic of Vietnam , and Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam <H3> Indochina war ( 1945 -- 54 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : War in Vietnam ( 1945 -- 46 ) and Franco - Vietnamese War <P> The British commander in Southeast Asia , Lord Louis Mountbatten , sent 20,000 troops of the 20th Indian division to occupy Saigon under General Douglas Gracey who landed in southern Vietnam on 6 September 1945 , disarming the Japanese and restoring order . They had to re-arm Japanese prisoners of war known as Gremlin force to keep order until more troops arrived . The British began to withdraw in December 1945 , but this was not completed until June of the following year . The last British soldiers were killed in Vietnam in June 1946 . Altogether 40 British and Indian troops were killed and over a hundred were wounded . Vietnamese casualties were 600 . They were followed by French troops trying to re-establish their rule . In the north , Chiang Kai - shek 's Kuomintang army entered Vietnam from China , also to disarm the Japanese , followed by the forces of the non-Communist Vietnamese parties , such as Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng and Việt Nam Cách Mạng Đồng Minh Hội . In January 1946 , Vietnam had its first National Assembly election ( won by the Viet Minh in central and northern Vietnam ) , which drafted the first constitution , but the situation was still precarious : the French tried to regain power by force ; some Cochinchinese politicians formed a seceding government of the Republic of Cochinchina ( Nam Kỳ Quốc ) while the non-Communist and Communist forces were engaging each other in sporadic battles . Stalinists purged Trotskyists . Religious sects , like the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo , and resistance groups formed their own militias . Under the terms of the Accord between France and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 6 March 1946 : </P> <Dl> <Dd> 1 . The French Government recognizes the Vietnamese Republic as a Free State having its own Government , its own Parliament , its own Army and its own Finances , forming part of the Indochinese Federation and of the French Union . As concerns the reuniting of the three `` Annamite Regions '' Cochinchina , Annam and Tonkin the French Government pledges itself to ratify the decisions taken by the populations consulted by referendum . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> 2 . The Vietnamese Government declares itself ready to welcome amicably the French Army when , conforming to international agreements , it relieves the Chinese troops . A Supplementary Accord , attached to the present Preliminary Agreement , will establish the means by which the relief operations will be carried out . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> 3 . The stipulations formulated above will immediately enter into force . Immediately after the exchange of signatures , each of the High Contracting Parties will take all measures necessary to stop hostilities in the field , to maintain the troops in their respective positions , and to create the favorable atmosphere necessary for the immediate opening of friendly and sincere negotiations . These negotiations will deal particularly with : </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> a . diplomatic relations of Viet Nam with Foreign States </Dd> <Dd> b . the future law of Indochina </Dd> <Dd> c. French interests , economic and cultural , in Viet Nam . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> The seat of the conference was held at either Hanoi , Saigon or Paris . </P> <P> In 1947 full - scale war broke out between the Viet Minh and France . Realizing that colonialism was coming to an end worldwide , France fashioned a semi-independent State of Vietnam , within the French Union , with Bảo Đại as Head of State . Meanwhile , as the Communists under Mao Zedong took over China , the Viet Minh began to receive military aid from China . Beside supplying materials , Chinese cadres also pressured the Vietnamese Communist Party , then under First Secretary Trường Chinh , to emulate their brand of revolution , unleashing a purge of `` bourgeois and feudal '' elements from the Viet Minh ranks , carrying out a ruthless and bloody land reform campaign ( Cải Cách Ruộng Đất ) , and denouncing `` bourgeois and feudal '' tendencies in arts and literature . Many true patriots and devoted Communist revolutionaries in the Viet Minh suffered mistreatment or were even executed during these movements . Many others became disenchanted and left the Viet Minh . The United States became strongly opposed to Hồ Chí Minh . In the 1950s the government of Bảo Đại gained recognition by the United States and the United Kingdom . </P> <P> The Việt Minh force grew significantly with China 's assistance and in 1954 , under the command of General Võ Nguyên Giáp , launched a major siege against French bases in Điện Biên Phủ . The Việt Minh force surprised Western military experts with their use of primitive means to move artillery pieces and supplies up the mountains surrounding Điện Biên Phủ , giving them a decisive advantage . On May 7 , 1954 , French troops at Điện Biên Phủ , under Christian de Castries , surrendered to the Viet Minh and in July 1954 , the Geneva Accord was signed between France and the Viet - Minh , paving the way for the French to leave Vietnam . </P> <H3> Vietnam war ( 1954 -- 75 ) - the South ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Vietnam War <P> The Geneva Conference of 1954 ended France 's colonial presence in Vietnam and partitioned the country into two states at the 17th parallel pending unification on the basis of internationally supervised free elections . Ngô Đình Diệm , a former mandarin with a strong Catholic and Confucian background , was selected as Premier of the State of Vietnam by Bảo Đại . While Diệm was trying to settle the differences between the various armed militias in the South , Bảo Đại was persuaded to reduce his power . Diệm created a referendum in 1955 to depose Bảo Đại and declared himself President of the Republic of Vietnam ( South Vietnam ) . The Republic of Vietnam ( RVN ) was proclaimed in Saigon on October 26 , 1955 . The United States began to provide military and economic aid to the RVN , training RVN personnel , and sending U.S. advisors to assist in building the infrastructure for the new government . </P> <P> Also in 1954 , Viet Minh forces took over North Vietnam according to the Geneva Accord . One million North Vietnamese civilians emigrated to South Vietnam to avoid persecution from the imminent Communist regime . At the same time , Viet Minh armed forces from South Vietnam were also moving to North Vietnam , as dictated by the Geneva Accord . However , some high - ranking Viet Minh cadres secretly remained in the South to follow the local situation closely , and created a communist insurgency against the Southern government if necessary . The most important figure among those was Lê Duẩn . </P> <P> The Geneva Accord had promised elections to determine the government for a unified Vietnam . Neither the United States government nor Ngô Đình Diệm 's State of Vietnam signed anything at the 1954 Geneva Conference . With respect to the question of reunification , the non-communist Vietnamese delegation objected strenuously to any division of Vietnam , but lost out when the French accepted the proposal of Viet Minh delegate Phạm Văn Đồng , who proposed that Vietnam eventually be united by elections under the supervision of `` local commissions '' . The United States countered with what became known as the `` American Plan '' , with the support of South Vietnam and the United Kingdom . It provided for unification elections under the supervision of the United Nations , but was rejected by the Soviet delegation . </P> <P> Diệm took strong measures to secure South Vietnam from perceived internal threats , especially from the Viet Cong . He eliminated all private militias from the Bình Xuyên Party and the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo religious sects . In October 1955 , he deposed Bảo Đại and proclaimed himself President of the newly established the Republic of Vietnam , after rigging a referendum . He repressed political opposition , arresting the famous writer Nguyễn Tường Tam , who committed suicide while awaiting trial in jail . Diệm also acted aggressively to remove Communist agents still remaining in the South . He formed the Cần Lao Nhân Vị Party , mixing Individualist philosophy with republican and capitalist elements , as well as being anti-Communist and pro-Catholic . Another controversial policy was the Strategic Hamlet Program , which aimed to build fortified villages to remove and lock out Communists . However , it was in some ways ineffective as many covert communists were already part of the population and visually indistinguishable . It became unpopular as it limited the villagers ' freedom and altered their traditional way of life . </P> <P> Although Ngô Đình Diệm personally was respected for his nationalism , political stability and policies triggering rapid economic growth , he ran a nepotistic and authoritarian government . Elections were routinely rigged and Diệm favored of minority Roman Catholics on many issues , believing that Catholics were `` more trustworthy '' , more anti-communist and more impermeable to Viet Cong infiltration . His religious policies sparked protests from the Buddhist community after demonstrators were killed on Vesak , Buddha 's birthday , in 1963 when they were protesting a ban

Prior to 1948, North and South Vietnam were a part of

Prior to 1948 north and south vietnam were a part of?

5685325490242203626

Walmart - Wikipedia <H1> Walmart </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 24 January 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the retail chain . For other uses , see Walmart ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Wal - Mart Stores , Inc . <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Walmart 's logo since 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Walmart 's official headquarters in Bentonville , Arkansas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trading name </Th> <Td> Walmart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> Wal - Mart , Inc. ( 1969 - 1970 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Public </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traded as </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> NYSE : WMT </Li> <Li> DJIA component </Li> <Li> S&P 100 component </Li> <Li> S&P 500 component </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISIN </Th> <Td> US9311421039 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> Retail </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> July 2 , 1962 ; 55 years ago ( 1962 - 07 - 02 ) </Li> <Li> Rogers , Arkansas , U.S. </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Sam Walton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Bentonville , Arkansas , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of locations </Th> <Td> 11,703 stores worldwide ( October 31 , 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key people </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greg Penner ( Chairman ) </Li> <Li> Doug McMillon ( President & CEO ) </Li> <Li> Brett Biggs ( CFO ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Electronics </Li> <Li> movies and music </Li> <Li> home and furniture </Li> <Li> home improvement </Li> <Li> clothing </Li> <Li> footwear </Li> <Li> jewelry </Li> <Li> toys </Li> <Li> health and beauty </Li> <Li> pet supplies </Li> <Li> sporting goods and fitness </Li> <Li> auto </Li> <Li> photo finishing </Li> <Li> craft supplies </Li> <Li> party supplies </Li> <Li> grocery </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Services </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walmart - 2 - Walmart </Li> <Li> Walmart MoneyCard </Li> <Li> Pickup Today </Li> <Li> Walmart.com </Li> <Li> Walmart Pay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revenue </Th> <Td> US $ 485.87 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Operating income </Th> <Td> US $22.764 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Net income </Th> <Td> US $13.643 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total assets </Th> <Td> US $198.82 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total equity </Th> <Td> US $77.798 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Walton family ( 51 % ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of employees </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2.3 million , Worldwide ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 million , U.S. ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Divisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walmart U.S. </Li> <Li> Walmart International </Li> <Li> Sam 's Club </Li> <Li> Global eCommerce </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subsidiaries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walmart Canada </Li> <Li> Walmart Mexico </Li> <Li> Walmart Chile </Li> <Li> Walmart de México y Centroamérica </Li> <Li> @ WalmartLabs </Li> <Li> Walmart Neighborhood Market </Li> <Li> Asda </Li> <Li> Amigo Supermarkets </Li> <Li> Vudu </Li> <Li> Massmart </Li> <Li> Seiyu Group </Li> <Li> Bompreço </Li> <Li> Líder </Li> <Li> Jet.com </Li> <Li> Hayneedle </Li> <Li> Moosejaw </Li> <Li> ModCloth </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Corporate website </Li> <Li> Commercial website </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Footnotes / references </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Wal - Mart Stores , Inc. , doing business as Walmart , is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores , and grocery stores . Headquartered in Bentonville , Arkansas , the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31 , 1969 . It also owns and operates Sam 's Club retail warehouses . As of October 31 , 2017 , Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28 countries , operating under 59 different names . The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada , as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America , as Asda in the United Kingdom , as the Seiyu Group in Japan , and as Best Price in India . It has wholly owned operations in Argentina , Chile , Brazil , and Canada . </P> <P> Walmart is the world 's largest company by revenue -- approximately US $ 480 billion according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2016 -- as well as the largest private employer in the world with 2.3 million employees . It is a publicly traded family - owned business , as the company is controlled by the Walton family . Sam Walton 's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through their holding company , Walton Enterprises , and through their individual holdings . Walmart is one of the world 's most valuable companies by market value and was the largest U.S. grocery retailer in 2016 . 62.3 percent of Walmart 's US $ 478.614 billion sales came from its U.S. operations . </P> <P> The company debuted on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972 . By 1988 , Walmart was the most profitable retailer in the U.S. , and by October 1989 , it had become the largest in terms of revenue . Originally geographically limited to the South and lower Midwest , by the early 1990s , the company had stores from coast to coast : Sam 's Club opened in New Jersey in November 1989 and the first California outlet opened in Lancaster in July 1990 . A Walmart in York , Pennsylvania opened in October 1990 : the first main store in the Northeast . </P> <P> Walmart 's investments outside North America have seen mixed results : its operations in the United Kingdom , South America , and China are highly successful , whereas ventures in Germany and South Korea failed . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1945 -- 1969 : Early history </Li> <Li> 1.2 1969 -- 1990 : Incorporation and growth as a regional power </Li> <Li> 1.3 1990 -- 2005 : Retail rise to multinational status </Li> <Li> 1.4 2005 -- 2010 : Initiatives </Li> <Li> 1.5 2011 -- present : Continued developments </Li> <Li> 1.6 2000s crime problem </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Operating divisions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Walmart U.S. <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Walmart Supercenter </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Walmart Discount Store </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Walmart Neighborhood Market </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Former stores and concepts </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 Initiatives </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Walmart International <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Latin America <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1.1 Argentina </Li> <Li> 2.2. 1.2 Brazil </Li> <Li> 2.2. 1.3 Central America </Li> <Li> 2.2. 1.4 Chile </Li> <Li> 2.2. 1.5 Mexico </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Canada and EMEA <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 2.1 Canada </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2.2 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2.3 Africa </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Asia </Li> <Li> 2.2. 4 Setbacks </Li> <Li> 2.2. 5 Corruption charges </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Sam 's Club </Li> <Li> 2.4 Global eCommerce </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Subsidiaries <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Vudu </Li> <Li> 3.2 Private label brands </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entertainment </Li> <Li> 3.4 Online commerce acquisitions and plans </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Corporate affairs <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Finance and governance </Li> <Li> 4.2 Ownership </Li> <Li> 4.3 Competition </Li> <Li> 4.4 Customer base </Li> <Li> 4.5 Technology <Ul> <Li> 4.5. 1 Open source software </Li> <Li> 4.5. 2 Big data analytics </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Charity </Li> <Li> 6 Economic impact </Li> <Li> 7 Labor relations <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Gender and sexual orientation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Animal welfare </Li> <Li> 9 Criticism and controversies </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of Walmart <H3> 1945 -- 1969 : early History ( edit ) </H3> Sam Walton 's original Walton 's Five and Dime store in Bentonville , Arkansas , now serving as The Walmart Museum <P> In 1945 , businessman and former J. C. Penney employee Sam Walton purchased a branch of the Ben Franklin stores from the Butler Brothers . His primary focus was selling products at low prices to get higher - volume sales at a lower profit margin , portraying it as a crusade for the consumer . He experienced setbacks because the lease price and branch purchase were unusually high , but he was able to find lower - cost suppliers than those used by other stores . He passed on the savings in the product pricing . Sales increased 45 percent in his first year of ownership to US $105,000 in revenue , which increased to $140,000 the next year and $175,000 the year after that . Within the fifth year , the store was generating $250,000 in revenue . When the lease for the location expired , Walton was unable to reach an agreement for renewal , so he opened up a new store at 105 N. Main Street in Bentonville , naming it `` Walton 's Five and Dime '' . That store is now the Walmart Museum . </P> Original logo , 1962 -- 1964 Logo used 1964 -- 1981 Logo used 1981 -- 1992 Logo used 1992 -- 2008 <P> On July 2 , 1962 , Walton opened the first Walmart Discount City store at 719 W. Walnut Street in Rogers , Arkansas . The building is now occupied by a hardware store and an antique mall , while the company 's `` Store # 1 '' has since relocated to a larger discount store and now expanded to a Supercenter several blocks west at 2110 W. Walnut Street . Within its first five years , the company expanded to 24 stores across Arkansas and reached US $12.6 million in sales . In 1968 , it opened its first stores outside Arkansas , in Sikeston , Missouri and Claremore , Oklahoma . </P> <H3> 1969 -- 1990 : incorporation and growth as a regional power ( edit ) </H3> <P> The company was incorporated as Wal - Mart , Inc. on October 31 , 1969 , and changed its name to Wal - Mart Stores , Inc. in 1970 . The same year , it opened its home office and first distribution center in Bentonville , Arkansas . It had 38 stores operating with 1,500 employees and sales of $44.2 million . It began trading stock as a publicly held company on October 1 , 1970 and was soon listed on the New York Stock Exchange . The first stock split occurred in May 1971 at a price of $47 . By this time , Walmart was operating in five states : Arkansas , Kansas , Louisiana , Missouri , and Oklahoma ; it entered Tennessee in 1973 and Kentucky and Mississippi in 1974 . As it moved into Texas in 1975 , there were 125 stores with 7,500 employees and total sales of $340.3 million . </P> <P> In the 1980s , Walmart continued to grow rapidly , and by its 25th anniversary in 1987 , there were 1,198 stores with sales of $15.9 billion and 200,000 associates . This year also marked the completion of the company 's satellite network , a $24 million investment linking all operating units with the Bentonville office via two - way voice and data transmission and one - way video communication . At the time , it was the largest private satellite network , allowing the corporate office to track inventory and sales and to instantly communicate to stores . In 1988 , Walton stepped down as CEO and was replaced by David Glass . Walton remained as Chairman of the Board . </P> Inside the Walmart Supercenter in West Plains ,

Wal-Mart is a prime example of a

Wal-mart is a prime example of which type organization?

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Roger Dean Stadium - wikipedia <H1> Roger Dean Stadium </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Roger Dean Stadium pictured in 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> 4751 Main Street Jupiter , Florida 33458 ( 561 ) 775 - 1818 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 26 ° 53 ′ 28 '' N 80 ° 06 ′ 59 '' W  /  26.89111 ° N 80.11639 ° W  / 26.89111 ; - 80.11639 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Palm Beach County </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Operator </Th> <Td> Jupiter Stadium Limited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Capacity </Th> <Td> 6,871 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Field size </Th> <Td> Left Field : 335 ft Left - Center : 380 ft Center Field : 400 ft Right - Center : 375 ft Right Field : 325 ft </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface </Th> <Td> Grass </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Construction </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Broke ground </Th> <Td> March 6 , 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opened </Th> <Td> February 28 , 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction cost </Th> <Td> US $28 million ( $42 million in 2017 dollars ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Architect </Th> <Td> Populous </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Structural engineer </Th> <Td> Bliss & Nyitray , Inc . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Services engineer </Th> <Td> Bredson & Associates , Inc . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General contractor </Th> <Td> Case Contracting Company </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tenants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> GCL Cardinals ( GCL ) ( 1998 -- present ) Jupiter Hammerheads ( FSL ) ( 1998 -- present ) Montreal Expos ( MLB ) ( spring training ) ( 1998 -- 2002 ) St. Louis Cardinals ( MLB ) ( spring training ) ( 1998 -- present ) Palm Beach Cardinals ( FSL ) ( 2003 -- present ) GCL Marlins ( GCL ) ( 2003 -- present ) </P> Miami Marlins ( MLB ) ( spring training ) ( 2003 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Roger Dean Stadium ( officially known as Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium ) is a baseball stadium located in the Abacoa community of the town of Jupiter , Florida . The stadium was built in 1998 , holds 6,871 people , and features luxury sky - box seating , two levels of permanent seating , parking and concessions . The Roger Dean Stadium Complex is the only stadium in the country to host four minor league teams : the Jupiter Hammerheads and Palm Beach Cardinals of the Class A-Advanced Baseball Florida State League , and the Gulf Coast Marlins and Gulf Coast Cardinals of the Rookie - level Gulf Coast League . </P> <P> Roger Dean Stadium is one of only two stadiums in Florida to host two Major League Baseball teams annually for spring training : the Miami Marlins and St. Louis Cardinals ( the other is The Ballpark of The Palm Beaches , which opened in 2017 , hosting the Washington Nationals and Houston Astros ) . In both venues , the teams share the main stadium where the games are played . However , the teams have their own practice fields , outdoor batting cages , several pitching mounds , and state - of - the - art conditioning rooms . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Through 2002 the Montreal Expos shared the stadium with the Cardinals , until they swapped with the Marlins as part of the Marlins sale to Jeffrey Loria . The Expos , now known as the Washington Nationals , then moved to Space Coast Stadium in Viera , Florida . </P> <P> Roger Dean Stadium was badly damaged in 2004 by hurricanes Frances and Jeanne . </P> <P> Cliff Politte threw the first pitch in the stadium 's history in spring training , 1998 . </P> <P> In September 2012 , the stadium hosted a qualifying round for the 2013 World Baseball Classic . Spain , France , Israel , and South Africa took part in the qualifier . </P> Roger Dean Stadium <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Knight , Graham . `` Roger Dean Stadium '' . Baseball Pilgrimages . Retrieved March 5 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Jarvis , Gary . `` Roger Dean Stadium '' . Minor League Ballparks . Retrieved March 5 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project . `` Consumer Price Index ( estimate ) 1800 -- '' . Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis . Retrieved January 2 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pro Baseball Sports Facilities '' . Bredson & Associates , Inc . Archived from the original on April 10 , 2002 . Retrieved August 8 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Muret , Don ( September 13 , 2004 ) . `` Teams Face Repairs at Spring Training Facilities '' . SportsBusiness Journal . Retrieved March 5 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` McGwire Christens New Park for Cards '' . Southeast Missourian . Cape Girardeau , Missouri . March 1 , 1998 . pp. 1B , 4B . Retrieved March 5 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dorado , Juan ( July 12 , 2012 ) . `` Roger Dean Stadium to Host World Baseball Classic Qualifier '' . TCPalm. Scripps Treasure Coast Newspapers . Archived from the original on July 27 , 2012 . Retrieved July 27 , 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Roger Dean Stadium Official website </Li> <Li> Stadium Fact Sheet </Li> <Li> Miami Marlins Spring training ballpark </Li> <Li> St. Louis Cardinals Spring training ballpark </Li> <Li> Roger Dean Stadium Minor League Ball Parks </Li> <Li> Roger Dean Stadium Views -- Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Miami Marlins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Formerly the Florida Marlins </Li> <Li> Based in Miami , Florida </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Expansion </Li> <Li> Expansion Draft </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> No - hitters </Li> <Li> Award winners and league leaders </Li> <Li> Players </Li> <Li> Owners and executives </Li> <Li> Managers </Li> <Li> Broadcasters </Li> <Li> Miami Marlins Radio Network </Li> <Li> Opening Day starting pitchers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ballparks </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pro Player Stadium </Li> <Li> Marlins Park </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Spring training : Cocoa Expo Stadium </Li> <Li> Space Coast Stadium </Li> <Li> Roger Dean Stadium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Culture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Billy the Marlin </Li> <Li> Fire sale </Li> <Li> Marlins Man </Li> <Li> The Franchise ( Showtime TV series ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lore </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Steve Bartman incident </Li> <Li> Fort Bragg Game </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivalries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tampa Bay Rays </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Retired numbers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 42 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key personnel </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Owner : Bruce Sherman </Li> <Li> Team President : Derek Jeter </Li> <Li> President of Baseball Operations : Michael Hill </Li> <Li> General Manager : Michael Hill </Li> <Li> Manager : Don Mattingly </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Series Championships ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> National League Pennants ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Division titles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> National League East : none </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wild card berths </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Minor League affiliates </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> AAA </Dt> <Dd> New Orleans Baby Cakes </Dd> <Dt> AA </Dt> <Dd> Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp </Dd> <Dt> A Adv . </Dt> <Dd> Jupiter Hammerheads </Dd> <Dt> </Dt> <Dd> Greensboro Grasshoppers </Dd> <Dt> Short A </Dt> <Dd> Batavia Muckdogs </Dd> <Dt> Rookie </Dt> <Dd> Gulf Coast League Marlins </Dd> <Dd> DSL Marlins </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Seasons ( 26 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1990s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1990 1991 1992 1993 </Li> <Li> 1994 </Li> <Li> 1995 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 1999 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2000 </Li> <Li> 2001 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2005 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2009 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2010s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2015 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> <Li> 2018 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Montreal Expos </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Now the Washington Nationals </Li> <Li> Based in Montreal , Quebec ( 1969 -- 2004 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Expansion <Ul> <Li> Expansion draft </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> No - hitters </Li> <Li> Players </Li> <Li> Opening Day starting pitchers </Li> <Li> Player of the Year </Li> <Li> Owners and executives </Li> <Li> Managers </Li> <Li> Broadcasters </Li> <Li> All articles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ballparks </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Jarry Park </Li> <Li> Olympic Stadium </Li> <Li> Hiram Bithorn Stadium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spring training </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> City Island Ball Park </Li> <Li> Municipal Stadium </Li> <Li> Roger Dean Stadium </Li> <Li> Space Coast Stadium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Culture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Happy Wanderer '' </Li> <Li> Youppi ! </Li> <Li> Expo 67 </Li> <Li> TSN </Li> <Li> The Cap </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lore </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Blue Monday </Li> <Li> Dennis Martínez 's perfect game </Li> <Li> Meilleure équipe de baseball </Li> <Li> David Cone 's perfect game </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivalries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toronto Blue Jays </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Retired numbers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8 </Li> <Li> 10 </Li> <Li> 10 </Li> <Li> 30 </Li> <Li> 42 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Championships </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> National League East : 1981 ( second half ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Seasons ( 36 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1960s </Th> <Td> 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1970s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1970 </Li> <Li> 1971 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1973 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1977 </Li> <Li> 1978 </Li> <Li> 1979 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1980s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1981 </Li> <Li> 1982 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> 1985 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1988 </Li> <Li> 1989 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1990s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1990 </Li> <Li> 1991 </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1993 </Li> <Li> 1994 </Li> <Li> 1995 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 1999 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2000 </Li> <Li> 2001 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> St. Louis Cardinals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Based in St. Louis , Missouri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> Members of the National Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> Awards & League Leaders </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> No - hitters </Li> <Li> Roster </Li> <Li> Players </Li> <Li> Coaches </Li> <Li> Managers </Li> <Li> General

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apparently killing Cornwell to try save face with Kol . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> `` Into the Forest I Go '' </Td> <Td> Chris Byrne </Td> <Td> Bo Yeon Kim & Erika Lippoldt </Td> <Td> November 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Lorca is ordered to flee before the Klingons arrive , but disobeys orders to protect the lifeforms on Pahvo and their chances of detecting the cloaked ships . When the Klingons arrive , Tyler and Burnham transport to their ship and plant sensors that will help create an algorithm for detecting the cloaked ships . They find an alive Cornwell hidden with L'Rell , but encountering the latter sends Tyler into shock due to PTSD from her torturing and raping him . Lorca has Stamets make 133 micro-jumps in order to provide a three - dimensional reading of the sensors , while Burnham distracts Kol by challenging him to a fight . The jumps are completed , though not without trauma to Stamets . When the algorithm is calculated , Burnham , Tyler , Cornwell , and L'Rell ( who wishes to defect ) are transported back to the Discovery and the Klingon ship is destroyed . Stamets volunteers to make one more jump to safety , but tells Lorca it will be his last . However , Lorca changes the coordinates and they jump to an unknown destination surrounded by debris from Klingon ships . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> `` Despite Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Jonathan Frakes </Td> <Td> Sean Cochran </Td> <Td> January 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Discovery 's crew determines that they have arrived in a parallel Mirror Universe , with Stamets now unconscious and unable to power the spore drive . Tyler confronts L'Rell , and she attempts to use a verbal cue to trigger something within him , though he fights this off . From a data core from a wrecked Klingon ship , they learn that this universe is ruled by the human Terran Empire , who are fighting a resistance that includes species such as Klingons and Vulcans . Here , Burnham is the former captain of the ISS Shenzhou , presumed dead after an attack by the fugitive Lorca . The ISS Discovery is captained by Silvia Tilly 's counterpart , so she and the crew pretend to be their Mirror selves . They deliver Burnham and Lorca to the Shenzhou , under the ruse that Burnham had been hunting Lorca since her presumed death and had now captured him . Tyler accompanies them , after first killing Culber when he informs Tyler that he appears to have undergone major surgical modifications . On the Shenzhou , Lorca is tortured while Burnham assumes command . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> `` The Wolf Inside '' </Td> <Td> TJ Scott </Td> <Td> Lisa Randolph </Td> <Td> January 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The ISS Shenzhou is given the coordinates of the resistance leadership , and ordered to kill them all . Burnham and Tyler travel as a landing party themselves and instead surrender to the resistance in hopes of learning how the Klingons of this universe have learned to work with other species ; they find that the Mirror Voq is the leader . Burnham offers to give the group time to escape before their base is destroyed , and Mirror Sarek confirms she can be trusted after connecting to her mind . Listening to Voq triggers Tyler 's programming , and he has to be restrained . Back on the ship , he reveals to Burnham that he now knows he was once Voq , and that he underwent surgery to appear human and infiltrate Starfleet . She has him beamed into space , where he is picked up by the USS Discovery . Saru and Tilly imprison him , having earlier found the body of Culber , and apparently failed to heal Stamets using spores . Burnham is reprimanded for not killing the resistance leaders immediately by the Emperor -- the Mirror Georgiou . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> `` Vaulting Ambition '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle M. Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jordon Nardino </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Burnham and Lorca are summoned to the ISS Charon , the imperial flagship . Georgiou sends Lorca to a torturous agony booth , and has dinner with Burnham . Stamets finds himself within the mycelial network with the consciousness of his Mirror counterpart , learning that the network has been corrupted by the Mirror Stamets ' experiments . Stamets encounters a representation of Culber and accepts his loss , before waking up to find his spore collection infected . Georgiou laments allowing Lorca to become a father figure for Burnham , only for the pair to fall in love and plot to overthrow her . She plans to execute Burnham , who reveals the truth about being from another universe . Explaining how they had crossed over , Georgiou trades the spore drive 's schematics for information on alternative ways to cross between universes , which leads Burnham to realize that the Lorca she knows is actually from the Mirror Universe , and has been manipulating events to get close to her and back to the Mirror Universe . Lorca escapes from the agony booth . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> `` What 's Past is Prologue '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> January 28 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 28 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> `` The War Without , The War Within '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> February 4 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> `` Will You Take My Hand ? '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> February 11 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Chelsea Dowling will direct for the season . </P> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The first episode had a special premiere on CBS alongside its release on CBS All Access . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Star Trek : Discovery characters <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Sonequa Martin - Green as Michael Burnham </Li> <Li> Doug Jones as Saru </Li> <Li> Shazad Latif as Voq / Ash Tyler </Li> <Li> Anthony Rapp as Paul Stamets </Li> <Li> Mary Wiseman as Sylvia Tilly </Li> <Li> Jason Isaacs as Gabriel Lorca </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Michelle Yeoh as Philippa Georgiou </Li> <Li> Mary Chieffo as L'Rell </Li> <Li> James Frain as Sarek </Li> <Li> Kenneth Mitchell as Kol </Li> <Li> Jayne Brook as Katrina Cornwell </Li> <Li> Wilson Cruz as Hugh Culber </Li> </Ul> <H3> Notable guests ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Mia Kirshner as Amanda Grayson </Li> <Li> Rainn Wilson as Harry Mudd </Li> <Li> Katherine Barrell as Stella Mudd </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> Co-creator Bryan Fuller did initial work as showrunner on Discovery , establishing the story and mythology , before leaving the series after a difficult relationship with CBS . <P> On November 2 , 2015 , CBS announced a new Star Trek television series to premiere in January 2017 , `` on the heels '' of the original series ' 50th anniversary in 2016 , to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service . In February 2016 , Bryan Fuller , who began his career writing for the series Star Trek : Deep Space Nine and Star Trek : Voyager , was announced as the new series ' showrunner . Fuller had publicly called for Star Trek to return to television for years , and when he first met with CBS about the series , the company did not have a plan for what the new show would be . He proposed an anthology series with each season being a standalone , serialized show set in a different era , beginning with a prequel to the original series . CBS told Fuller to just start with a single serialized show and see how that performs first , and he began further developing the prequel concept . In June , Fuller announced that the first season would consist of 13 episodes , and a month later , at Star Trek 's 50th anniversary San Diego Comic - Con panel , he revealed the series ' title to be Star Trek : Discovery , and confirmed that it would be set in the `` Prime Timeline '' of the previous Star Trek series . </P> <P> At the end of July , CBS hired David Semel , a veteran television procedural director who was under an overall deal with the studio , to direct the pilot for Discovery . This was a decision that Fuller was not happy with , believing that Semel `` was wrong for the job '' . Fuller wanted a more visionary director , and had personally reached out to Edgar Wright to direct the pilot before CBS hired Semel . As development and pre-production on the series continued , Fuller and Semel `` clashed '' on the direction of the show . The series was also starting to overrun its per - episode budget , while Fuller was attempting to both design new sets , costumes , and aliens as well as heading the series ' writers and also spending considerable time addressing his commitments as showrunner of another new series , American Gods . This caused frustration among CBS executives that were pushing for a January 2017 debut , a date that others believed was unrealistic . By August 2016 , Fuller had hired Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts , who he had worked with on Pushing Daisies , to serve as co-showrunners with him . A month later , Fuller and Kurtzman had asked CBS to delay the series ' release so they could realistically meet the high expectations for the series , and the studio announced that the series premiere had been pushed back to May 2017 . The pair said that `` these extra few months will help us achieve a vision we can all be proud of . '' </P> <P> A few weeks after the delay , Fuller met with Sonequa Martin - Green about portraying the series ' lead , a character that had been surprisingly difficult for the production to cast . Fuller `` felt he found the crucial piece of the puzzle '' , but the actress would not be released from a contract at AMC until her character 's death on The Walking Dead which was not set to air until April 2017 , meaning Discovery would have to be delayed again if Martin - Green was cast . At the end of October , CBS asked Fuller to step down as showrunner . They announced that the production was being restructured to keep Fuller actively involved with the series but not on a day - to - day production level as he shifted his focus fully to American Gods : Berg and Harberts were made sole showrunners , working off of a broad story arc and overall mythology established by Fuller ; Kurtzman and Fuller would continue as executive producers , with Fuller still helping the writers break stories ; and Akiva Goldsman would join the series in a supporting producer role , similar to the role he held on Fringe alongside Kurtzman , to help the showrunners and other producers `` juggle the demands of the series '' . In a statement , CBS reiterated that they were `` extremely happy with ( Fuller 's ) creative direction '' for the series , and were committed to `` seeing this vision through '' . However , some

Star Trek Discovery Season 1 ended on

When does star trek discovery season 1 end?

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The Nightmare Before Christmas - wikipedia <H1> The Nightmare Before Christmas </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the film . For other uses , see The Nightmare Before Christmas ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Nightmare Before Christmas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Henry Selick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tim Burton </Li> <Li> Denise Di Novi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Caroline Thompson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> Michael McDowell ( adaptation ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Story and characters by Tim Burton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris Sarandon </Li> <Li> Danny Elfman </Li> <Li> Catherine O'Hara </Li> <Li> William Hickey </Li> <Li> Glenn Shadix </Li> <Li> Paul Reubens </Li> <Li> Ken Page </Li> <Li> Ed Ivory </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Danny Elfman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Pete Kozachik </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Stan Webb </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Touchstone Pictures </Li> <Li> Skellington Productions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Buena Vista Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> October 29 , 1993 ( 1993 - 10 - 29 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 76 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $18 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $76.2 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Nightmare Before Christmas ( also known as Tim Burton 's The Nightmare Before Christmas ) is a 1993 American stop - motion animated musical dark fantasy film directed by Henry Selick , and produced and conceived by Tim Burton . It tells the story of Jack Skellington , a resident from `` Halloween Town '' who stumbles through a portal to `` Christmas Town '' and decides to celebrate the holiday , with some dastardly and comical consequences . Danny Elfman wrote the songs and score , and provided the singing voice of Jack . The principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon , Catherine O'Hara , William Hickey , Ken Page , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix . </P> <P> The Nightmare Before Christmas originated in a poem written by Tim Burton in 1982 , while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation . With the success of Vincent in the same year , Walt Disney Studios began to consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30 - minute television special . Over the years , Burton 's thoughts regularly returned to the project , and in 1990 , he made a development deal with Disney . Production started in July 1991 in San Francisco ; Disney released the film through its Touchstone Pictures banner because the studio believed the film would be `` too dark and scary for kids '' . </P> <P> The film was met with both critical and financial success , grossing over $76 million during its initial run . It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , a first for an animated film . The film has since been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures , and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3 - D from 2006 until 2009 , making it the first stop - motion animated feature to be entirely converted to 3D . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Voice cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtracks </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Home media </Li> <Li> 5.2 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Possible sequel </Li> <Li> 8 Related media </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Halloween Town is a fantasy world filled with citizens such as deformed monsters , ghosts , ghouls , goblins , zombies , mummies , vampires , werewolves , and witches . Jack Skellington , the `` Pumpkin King '' and leader of the town , leads them in organizing the annual Halloween celebrations . However , privately Jack has grown weary of the same routine year after year , and wants something new . Wandering in the woods the morning after Halloween , he stumbles across seven trees containing doors leading to towns representing various holidays , and opens a portal to Christmas Town . Awed by the unfamiliar holiday , Jack returns to Halloween Town to show the residents his findings , but they fail to grasp the idea of Christmas and compare everything to their ideas of Halloween . Jack sequesters himself in his tower to study Christmas and find a way to rationally explain it , but can not . He ultimately decides that it 's unfair for Christmas Town alone to enjoy the holiday and announces that he and the citizens of Halloween Town will take over Christmas this year . </P> <P> Jack assigns the citizens of Halloween Town Christmas - themed jobs , including singing carols , making presents , and building a sleigh to be pulled by skeletal reindeer . Sally , a beautiful rag doll woman that is secretly in love with Jack , feels that their efforts will end in disaster , but Jack dismisses her and assigns her the task of sewing him a red coat to wear . He also tasks Lock , Shock and Barrel , a trio of mischievous trick - or - treating children , to abduct Santa Claus and bring him back to Halloween Town . Jack tells Santa he will be bringing Christmas to the world in his place this year . Jack orders the trio to keep Santa safe , but the children instead deliver Santa to Oogie Boogie , a gambling - addict bogeyman , who plots to play a game with Santa 's life at stake . Sally attempts to rescue Santa so he can stop Jack , but Oogie captures her as well . </P> <P> Jack departs to deliver presents to the world , but the Halloween - styled gifts terrify and attack the populace . As concerns over `` Santa 's '' behavior grows , the military takes action and shoot down Jack , causing him to crash in the cemetery . As Jack bemoans the disaster he has made of Christmas , he finds he enjoyed the experience nonetheless , reigniting his love of Halloween . Jack returns to Halloween Town and finds Oogie 's lair . Oogie tries to kill Jack , but Jack pulls apart the thread holding his cloth form together , revealing a massive pile of bugs that fall into Oogie 's cauldron and are killed . Jack apologizes to Santa for his actions , and Santa assures Jack that he can fix things and returns to Christmas Town . As Santa replaces the Halloween - style presents with genuine ones , the townspeople of Halloween Town celebrate Jack 's return . Santa then visits Halloween Town and brings them a snowfall for the residents to play with . In the graveyard , Jack and Sally declare their love for each other . </P> <H2> Voice cast ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Nightmare Before Christmas characters Chris Sarandon , the speaking voice of Jack Skellington . <Ul> <Li> Chris Sarandon ( speaking voice ) and Danny Elfman ( singing voice ) as Jack Skellington , a skeleton known as the `` Pumpkin King '' of Halloween Town . He owns a ghost dog named Zero , who has a small , glowing jack - o ' - lantern nose . Danny Elfman also voices Barrel , one of the trick - or - treaters working for Oogie Boogie . Elfman was initially cast as Jack 's singing voice and , after the songs were recorded , Sarandon was cast to match Elfman 's voice style . </Li> <Li> Catherine O'Hara as Sally , a rag doll - like creation of Finklestein , and the growing love interest of Jack . She is an amateur toxicologist that uses various types of poison to liberate herself from the captivity of Finklestein . She 's also psychic and has premonitions when anything bad is about to happen . O'Hara also voices Shock , one of the trick - or - treaters working for Oogie Boogie . She had previously co-starred in Burton 's Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) . </Li> <Li> William Hickey as Doctor Finklestein , a mad scientist , and the `` father '' of Sally . He is listed in the credits only as `` Evil Scientist '' and is only mentioned by name once in the film . </Li> <Li> Glenn Shadix as Mayor of Halloween Town , an enthusiastic leader who conducts town meetings . His wild mood swings from happy to distraught cause his head to spin between a `` happy '' and `` sad '' face ; where some career politicians are figuratively two - faced , the Mayor is literally so . Burton and Shadix previously worked on Beetlejuice . </Li> <Li> Ken Page as Oogie Boogie , a villainous bogeyman in Halloween Town , who has a passion for gambling . </Li> <Li> Ed Ivory as Santa Claus , the leader of Christmas Town . Santa Claus is responsible for the annual celebration of Christmas , at which time he delivers presents to children around the world . Ivory also does the brief narration at the start of the film . </Li> <Li> Paul Reubens as Lock , one of the trick - or - treaters working for Oogie Boogie . Reubens and Burton previously worked on Pee - wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) and Batman Returns ( 1992 ) . </Li> </Ul> <P> The cast also features Kerry Katz , Carmen Twillie , Randy Crenshaw , Debi Durst , Glenn Walters , Sherwood Ball , and Greg Proops voicing various characters . Patrick Stewart recorded narration for a prologue and epilogue . While not used in the final scene of the film , the narration is included on the soundtrack album . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> As writer Tim Burton 's upbringing in Burbank , California was associated with the feeling of solitude , the filmmaker was largely fascinated by holidays during his childhood . `` Anytime there was Christmas or Halloween , ( ... ) it was great . It gave you some sort of texture all of a sudden that was n't there before '' , Burton would later recall . After completing his short film Vincent in 1982 , Burton , who was then - employed at Walt Disney Feature Animation , wrote a three - page poem titled The Nightmare Before Christmas , drawing inspiration from television specials of Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer , How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! and the poem A Visit from St. Nicholas . Burton intended to adapt the poem into a television special with the narration spoken by his favorite actor , Vincent Price , but also considered other options such as a children 's book . He created concept art and storyboards for the project in collaboration with Rick Heinrichs , who also sculpted character models ; Burton later showed his and Heinrichs ' works - in - progress to Henry Selick , also a Disney animator at the time . After the success of Vincent in 1982 , Disney started to consider developing The

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Baaghi ( 2016 film ) - Wikipedia <H1> Baaghi ( 2016 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Baaghi : A Rebel for Love or Baaghi ( 2000 film ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Baaghi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Sabbir Khan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Sajid Nadiadwala </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Sanjeev Datta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Varsham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Tiger Shroff Shraddha Kapoor Sunil Grover Sudheer Babu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Songs : Meet Bros Amaal Mallik Ankit Tiwari Manj Musik Pranaay Rijia Background Score : Julius Packiam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Binod Pradhan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Manan Sagar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment Pvt. Ltd . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> UTV Motion Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 29 April 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 29 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 138 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Hindi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> ₹ 37 crore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> est . ₹ 126.96 crore </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Baaghi ( English : Rebel ) is a 2016 Indian martial arts film directed by Sabbir Khan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under his banner Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment . It features Tiger Shroff and Shraddha Kapoor in lead roles , with Sudheer Babu and Sunil Grover in supporting roles . Journalists noted similarities between the film and the 2011 Indonesian film The Raid : Redemption and the 2004 Telugu - language Indian film Varsham . </P> <P> The film was released worldwide on 29 April 2016 . Made on a budget of ₹ 37 crore ( US $5.7 million ) , Baaghi has earned over ₹ 127 crore ( US $19 million ) worldwide . The film has grossed 100 crores from India . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 5 Sequel </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <P> The movie starts with martial arts champion Raghav ( Sudheer Babu ) kidnapping Sia ( Shraddha Kapoor ) from her film 's set in Hyderabad and taking her to Bangkok . Sia 's father P.P. Khurana ( Sunil Grover ) goes to government offices and the police for help but no one is ready to assist them since Raghav is an influential man . Khurana then turns to Sia 's ex-boyfriend , Ronny Singh ( Tiger Shroff ) . </P> <P> In a flashback , Ronny and Sia meet on a train . Raghav sees Sia at the train station and starts to like her . He tells his men to get information about her . Ronny visits the school of Guruswamy in Kerala . In a letter to Guruswamy , Ronny 's father explains that Ronny is a Baaghi ( rebel ) , and asks him to make Ronny a good human being . Ronny and Sia fall in love , and Sia gives him a ring she got from her father , asking him to always keep it . Raghav asks for Sia 's hand from Khurana , and Khurana is so lost by greed when he sees how much money Raghav offers for Sia . He agrees to hand Sia over to Raghav but when he sees that Ronny has Sia 's ring , he realises she is in love with Ronny . He informs Raghav , who decides to kill Ronny . </P> <P> Ronny beats up Raghav 's men when they manhandle Subbu , a mute little boy Ronny is close to , only for Raghav to get him arrested later on . Guruswamy tries to persuade Raghav , his son , to stop pursuing Sia , but Raghav poisons and kills him to get him out of the way . Ronny is heartbroken to hear of Guruswamy 's death , since he had seen him as a father figure . Khurana then creates a misunderstanding between Sia and Ronny to separate them , which works , and the two part ways . </P> <P> In the present , Ronny reaches Bangkok and visits Raghav 's fight club , beating the strongest fighter there to get Raghav 's attention . The next day , Ronny breaks into the house of Raghav 's right - hand man , Biju , and threatens Biju 's wife at gunpoint , forcing him to reveal Sia 's location . Finding out she was at the hospital , Ronny saves Sia and escapes with her under both of them being disguised as a doctor and nurse . The two stop at an island on their way back to India , where Sia discovers her father 's deceit when she sees that Ronny is still wearing her ring . The couple reconciles but Raghav and his men attack them . Biju shoots Ronny , who falls off a cliff . </P> <P> Raghav takes Sia back to his place . It is then revealed that Ronny is alive . It turns out that Biju had used blank bullets in his gun , sparing him as Ronny had spared his wife 's life earlier . Raghav kills Biju when Biju says that he believes Ronny to be right . </P> <P> Ronny storms Raghav 's building and single - handedly fights off all of the killers and swordsmen in Raghav 's employ . He reaches Raghav , who initially overpowers him , but when Raghav reveals that he was the one who murdered Guruswamy , Ronny becomes enraged and uses Guruswamy 's signature moves to kill Raghav . At the end , Ronny , now happily together with Sia , becomes the new teacher in Guruswamy 's school , where a statue of Guruswamy now stands . </P> <H2> Cast </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tiger Shroff as Ronny Singh </Li> <Li> Shraddha Kapoor as Sia Khurana </Li> <Li> Sudheer Babu as Raghav Shetty ( Viraj Adhav as the dubbing voice ) </Li> <Li> Paras Arora </Li> <Li> Shaurya Bhardwaj as Guruswami </Li> <Li> Sourav Chakraborty as Biju </Li> <Li> Sunil Grover as PP Khurrana ( Sia 's father ) </Li> <Li> Sumit Gulati as Sukhi </Li> <Li> Jagdish Kansara as Lawyer </Li> <Li> Kota Srinivasa Rao as Film Producer </Li> <Li> Buddya Sunari Magar as Refree </Li> <Li> Sanjay Mishra as Harry </Li> <Li> Prashant Singh as Gopi </Li> <Li> Ron Smoorenburg as Fight Club Fighter - Jack </Li> <Li> Chivpatrick Tang as Yong </Li> <Li> Kazu Patrick Tang as Yong </Li> <Li> Jason Tham as Kim </Li> <Li> Aryan Prajapati as Subbu </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production </H2> <P> Shroff trained and took up stunt classes for the film . Sajid Nadiadwala hired a special team of 50 people to keep Shroff 's look under wraps . The makers did not want his look to be revealed because of his role in the film being distinct from his role in Heropanti . Telugu actor Sudheer Babu was signed to play a negative role , making his Bollywood debut . Shooting for Baaghi started on 27 May 2015 . The shooting of the film completed on 21 February 2016 . The film was extensively shot in India and Thailand . Soma Kerala Palace , Kochi was shown in the movie as the KARMA Institute ( school of Guruswamy ) . Song Sab Tera was shot in the exotic Poda Island . </P> <H2> Soundtrack </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Baaghi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Meet Bros , Amaal Mallik , Ankit Tiwari , Manj Musik and Pranaay Rijia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 29 March 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Feature film soundtrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 25 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Hindi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> T - Series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Sajid Nadiadwala </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Singles from Baaghi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> `` Sab Tera '' Released : 18 March 2016 </Li> <Li> `` Let 's Talk About Love '' Released : 25 March 2016 </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The music of the film is composed by Meet Bros , Amaal Mallik , Ankit Tiwari , Manj Musik and Pranaay Rijia while the background score is given by Julius Packiam . The lyrics of the movie are penned by Kumaar , Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay , Sanjeev Chaturvedi , Raftaar , Sabbir Khan and Rahul B. Seth . The first song of the film Sab Tera was released on 18 March 2016 which is sung by Shraddha Kapoor and Armaan Malik . The second song of the film titled as Let 's Talk About Love which is sung by Raftaar and Neha Kakkar was released on 25 March 2016 . The full Soundtrack album of the film was released on 29 March 2016 which includes 6 songs . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Lyrics </Th> <Th> Music </Th> <Th> Singer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Agar Tu Hota '' </Td> <Td> Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay </Td> <Td> Ankit Tiwari </Td> <Td> Ankit Tiwari </Td> <Td> 5 : 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Cham Cham '' </Td> <Td> Kumaar </Td> <Td> Meet Bros </Td> <Td> Meet Bros , Monali Thakur </Td> <Td> 4 : 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Girl I Need You '' </Td> <Td> Kumaar </Td> <Td> Meet Bros </Td> <Td> Meet Bros , Arijit Singh , Roach Killa , Khushboo Grewal </Td> <Td> 4 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Let 's Talk About Love '' </Td> <Td> Raftaar , Sabbir Khan </Td> <Td> Manj Musik </Td> <Td> Raftaar , Neha Kakkar </Td> <Td> 3 : 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Sab Tera '' </Td> <Td> Sanjeev Chaturvedi </Td> <Td> Amaal Mallik </Td> <Td> Armaan Malik , Shraddha Kapoor </Td> <Td> 3 : 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Get Ready To Fight '' </Td> <Td> Rahul B. Seth , Sabbir Khan </Td> <Td> Pranaay Rijia </Td> <Td> Benny Dayal , Siddharth Basrur </Td> <Td> 3 : 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 25 : 42 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Sequel </H2> Main article : Baaghi 2 <P> On 1 May 2017 , Tiger Shroff posted the first look poster of the film on his Twitter account . The producer of the film , Sajid Nadiadwala , collaborated with Fox Star Studios and the film was released under Fox Star Studios and Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment . The film is directed by Ahmed Khan . The film was released worldwide on 30 March 2018 . A third installment was also announced under the title of Baaghi 3 , with Nadiadwala the producer , Khan the director , and Shroff in the lead role . </P> <H2> References </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3271 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3271 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Baaghi similar to The Raid , producer Guneet Monga files injunction '' . Hindustan Times , New Delhi . 8 April 2016 . Retrieved 28 April 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Here 's Proof : Tiger Shroff - Shraddha Kapoor 's ' Baaghi ' copied from ' Varsham ' and ' The Raid : Redemption ' ! . DNA India ( 15 March 2016 )

Tiger Shroff and Shraddha Kapoor's new movie is

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justice to a reciprocal relationship to society are mediated by differences in cultural traditions , some of which emphasize the individual responsibility toward society and others the equilibrium between access to power and its responsible use . Hence , social justice is invoked today while reinterpreting historical figures such as Bartolomé de las Casas , in philosophical debates about differences among human beings , in efforts for gender , racial and social equality , for advocating justice for migrants , prisoners , the environment , and the physically and mentally disabled . </P> <P> While the concept of social justice can be traced through the theology of Augustine of Hippo and the philosophy of Thomas Paine , the term `` social justice '' became used explicitly from the 1840s . A Jesuit priest named Luigi Taparelli is typically credited with coining the term , and it spread during the revolutions of 1848 with the work of Antonio Rosmini - Serbati . In the late industrial revolution , progressive American legal scholars began to use the term more , particularly Louis Brandeis and Roscoe Pound . From the early 20th century it was also embedded in international law and institutions ; the preamble to establish the International Labour Organization recalled that `` universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice . '' In the later 20th century , social justice was made central to the philosophy of the social contract , primarily by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ) . In 1993 , the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action treats social justice as a purpose of human rights education . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Contemporary theory <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Philosophical perspectives <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Cosmic values </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 John Rawls </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Thomas Pogge </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 United Nations </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Religious perspectives <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Hinduism </Li> <Li> 3.2 Islam </Li> <Li> 3.3 Judaism </Li> <Li> 3.4 Christianity <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Methodism </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Catholicism </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Criticism </Li> <Li> 5 Social justice movements <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Liberation theology </Li> <Li> 5.2 Health care </Li> <Li> 5.3 Human rights education </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Articles </Li> <Li> 8.2 Books </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Social contract , Justice , Corrective justice , and Distributive justice <P> The different concepts of justice , as discussed in ancient Western philosophy , were typically centered upon the community . </P> <Ul> <Li> Plato Plato wrote in The Republic that it would be an ideal state that `` every member of the community must be assigned to the class for which he finds himself best fitted . '' In an article for J.N.V University , author D.R. Bhandari says , `` Justice is , for Plato , at once a part of human virtue and the bond , which joins man together in society . It is the identical quality that makes good and social . Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul , it is to the soul as health is to the body . Plato says that justice is not mere strength , but it is a harmonious strength . Justice is not the right of the stronger but the effective harmony of the whole . All moral conceptions revolve about the good of the whole - individual as well as social '' . </Li> <Li> Aristotle Aristotle believed rights existed only between free people , and the law should take `` account in the first instance of relations of inequality in which individuals are treated in proportion to their worth and only secondarily of relations of equality . '' Reflecting this time when slavery and subjugation of women was typical , ancient views of justice tended to reflect the rigid class systems that still prevailed . On the other hand , for the privileged groups , strong concepts of fairness and the community existed . Distributive justice was said by Aristotle to require that people were distributed goods and assets according to their merit . </Li> <Li> Socrates Socrates ( through Plato 's dialogue Crito ) is attributed with developing the idea of a social contract , whereby people ought to follow the rules of a society , and accept its burdens because they have accepted its benefits . During the Middle Ages , religious scholars particularly , such as Thomas Aquinas continued discussion of justice in various ways , but ultimately connected being a good citizen to the purpose of serving God . </Li> </Ul> <P> After the Renaissance and Reformation , the modern concept of social justice , as developing human potential , began to emerge through the work of a series of authors . Baruch Spinoza in On the Improvement of the Understanding ( 1677 ) contended that the one true aim of life should be to acquire `` a human character much more stable than ( one 's ) own '' , and to achieve this `` pitch of perfection ... The chief good is that he should arrive , together with other individuals if possible , at the possession of the aforesaid character . '' During the enlightenment and responding to the French and American Revolutions , Thomas Paine similarly wrote in The Rights of Man ( 1792 ) society should give `` genius a fair and universal chance '' and so `` the construction of government ought to be such as to bring forward ... all that extent of capacity which never fails to appear in revolutions . '' </P> Social justice was coined by Jesuit priest Luigi Taparelli in the 1840s <P> The first modern usage of the specific term `` social justice '' is typically attributed to Catholic thinkers from the 1840s , including the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in Civiltà Cattolica , based on the work of St. Thomas Aquinas . He argued that rival capitalist and socialist theories , based on subjective Cartesian thinking , undermined the unity of society present in Thomistic metaphysics as neither were sufficiently concerned with moral philosophy . Writing in 1861 , the influential British philosopher and economist , John Stuart Mill stated in Utilitarianism his view that `` Society should treat all equally well who have deserved equally well of it , that is , who have deserved equally well absolutely . This is the highest abstract standard of social and distributive justice ; towards which all institutions , and the efforts of all virtuous citizens , should be made in the utmost degree to converge . '' </P> <P> In the later 19th and early 20th century , social justice became an important theme in American political and legal philosophy , particularly in the work of John Dewey , Roscoe Pound and Louis Brandeis . One of the prime concerns was the Lochner era decisions of the US Supreme Court to strike down legislation passed by state governments and the Federal government for social and economic improvement , such as the eight - hour day or the right to join a trade union . After the First World War , the founding document of the International Labour Organization took up the same terminology in its preamble , stating that `` peace can be established only if it is based on social justice '' . From this point , the discussion of social justice entered into mainstream legal and academic discourse . In the late 20th century , a number of liberal and conservative thinkers , notably Friedrich von Hayek rejected the concept by stating that it did not mean anything , or meant too many things . However the concept remained highly influential , particularly with its promotion by philosophers such as John Rawls . </P> <H2> Contemporary Theory ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Philosophical Perspectives ( edit ) </H3> Cosmic values ( edit ) <P> Hunter Lewis ' work promoting natural healthcare and sustainable economies advocates for conservation as a key premise in social justice . His manifesto on sustainability ties the continued thriving of human life to real conditions , the environment supporting that life , and associates injustice with the detrimental effects of unintended consequences of human actions . Quoting classical Greek thinkers like Epicurus on the good of pursuing happiness , Hunter also cites ornithologist , naturalist , and philosopher Alexander Skutch in his book Moral Foundations : </P> <P> The common feature which unites the activities most consistently forbidden by the moral codes of civilized peoples is that by their very nature they can not be both habitual and enduring , because they tend to destroy the conditions which make them possible . </P> <P> Pope Benedict XVI cites Teilhard de Chardin in a vision of the cosmos as a ' living host ' embracing an understanding of ecology that includes humanity 's relationship to others , that pollution affects not just the natural world but interpersonal relations as well . Cosmic harmony , justice and peace are closely interrelated : </P> <P> If you want to cultivate peace , protect creation . </P> John Rawls ( edit ) Main article : John Rawls <P> Political philosopher John Rawls draws on the utilitarian insights of Bentham and Mill , the social contract ideas of John Locke , and the categorical imperative ideas of Kant . His first statement of principle was made in A Theory of Justice where he proposed that , `` Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole can not override . For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others . '' A deontological proposition that echoes Kant in framing the moral good of justice in absolutist terms . His views are definitively restated in Political Liberalism where society is seen `` as a fair system of co-operation over time , from one generation to the next '' . </P> <P> All societies have a basic structure of social , economic , and political institutions , both formal and informal . In testing how well these elements fit and work together , Rawls based a key test of legitimacy on the theories of social contract . To determine whether any particular system of collectively enforced social arrangements is legitimate , he argued that one must look for agreement by the people who are subject to it , but not necessarily to an objective notion of justice based on coherent ideological grounding . Obviously , not every citizen can be asked to participate in a poll to determine his or her consent to every proposal in which some degree of coercion is involved , so one has to assume that all citizens are reasonable . Rawls constructed an argument for a two - stage process to determine a citizen 's hypothetical agreement : </P> <Ul> <Li> The citizen agrees to be represented by X for certain purposes , and , to that extent , X holds these powers as a trustee for the citizen . </Li> <Li> X agrees that enforcement in a particular social context is legitimate . The citizen , therefore , is bound by this decision because it is the function of the trustee to represent the citizen in this way . </Li> </Ul> <P> This applies to one person who represents a small group ( e.g. , the organiser of a social event setting a dress code ) as equally as it does to national governments , which are ultimate trustees , holding representative powers for the benefit of all citizens within their territorial boundaries . Governments that fail to provide for welfare of their citizens according to the principles of justice are not legitimate . To emphasise the general principle that justice should rise from the people and not be dictated

The term "social justice" was first used in

When was the term social justice first used?

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H.W. Bush . Sufjan Stevens has frequently performed the `` Star - Spangled Banner '' in live sets , replacing the optimism in the end of the first verse with a new coda that alludes to the divisive state of the nation today . David Lee Roth both referenced parts of the anthem and played part of a hard rock rendition of the anthem on his song , `` Yankee Rose '' on his 1986 solo album , Eat ' Em and Smile . Steven Tyler also caused some controversy in 2001 ( at the Indianapolis 500 , to which he later issued a public apology ) and again in 2012 ( at the AFC Championship Game ) with a cappella renditions of the song with changed lyrics . A version of Aerosmith 's Joe Perry and Brad Whitford playing part of the song can be heard at the end of their version of `` Train Kept A-Rollin ' '' on the Rockin ' the Joint album . The band Boston gave an instrumental rock rendition of the anthem on their Greatest Hits album . The band Crush 40 made a version of the song as opening track from the album Thrill of the Feel ( 2000 ) . </P> <P> In March 2005 , a government - sponsored program , the National Anthem Project , was launched after a Harris Interactive poll showed many adults knew neither the lyrics nor the history of the anthem . </P> <H2> Lyrics ( edit ) </H2> <P> O say can you see , by the dawn 's early light , What so proudly we hailed at the twilight 's last gleaming , Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight , O'er the ramparts we watched , were so gallantly streaming ? And the rockets ' red glare , the bombs bursting in air , Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there ; O say does that star - spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ? On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep , Where the foe 's haughty host in dread silence reposes , What is that which the breeze , o'er the towering steep , As it fitfully blows , half conceals , half discloses ? Now it catches the gleam of the morning 's first beam , In full glory reflected now shines in the stream : ' Tis the star - spangled banner , O long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave . And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle 's confusion , A home and a country , should leave us no more ? Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps ' pollution . No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight , or the gloom of the grave : And the star - spangled banner in triumph doth wave , O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave . O thus be it ever , when freemen shall stand Between their loved homes and the war 's desolation . Blest with vict'ry and peace , may the Heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation ! Then conquer we must , when our cause it is just , And this be our motto : ' In God is our trust . ' And the star - spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ! </P> Cover of sheet music for `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' , transcribed for piano by Ch . Voss , Philadelphia : G. Andre & Co. , 1862 <H3> Additional Civil War period lyrics ( edit ) </H3> <P> In indignation over the start of the American Civil War , Oliver Wendell Holmes , Sr. added a fifth stanza to the song in 1861 , which appeared in songbooks of the era . </P> <P> When our land is illumined with Liberty 's smile , If a foe from within strike a blow at her glory , Down , down with the traitor that dares to defile The flag of her stars and the page of her story ! By the millions unchained who our birthright have gained , We will keep her bright blazon forever unstained ! And the Star - Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave While the land of the free is the home of the brave . </P> <H3> Alternative lyrics ( edit ) </H3> <P> In a version hand - written by Francis Scott Key in 1840 , the third line reads `` Whose bright stars and broad stripes , through the clouds of the fight '' . </P> <H2> References in film , television , literature ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several films have their titles taken from the song 's lyrics . These include two films titled Dawn 's Early Light ( 2000 and 2005 ) ; two made - for - TV features titled By Dawn 's Early Light ( 1990 and 2000 ) ; two films titled So Proudly We Hail ( 1943 and 1990 ) ; a feature ( 1977 ) and a short ( 2005 ) titled Twilight 's Last Gleaming ; and four films titled Home of the Brave ( 1949 , 1986 , 2004 , and 2006 ) . A 1936 short titled `` The Song of a Nation '' from Warner Brothers shows a version of the origin of the song . </P> <H2> Customs and federal law ( edit ) </H2> Plaque detailing how the custom of standing during the Anthem came about in Tacoma , Washington , on October 18 , 1893 , in the Bostwick building <P> When the National Anthem was first recognized by law in 1932 , there was no prescription as to behavior during its playing . On June 22 , 1942 , the law was revised indicating that those in uniform should salute during its playing , while others should simply stand at attention , men removing their hats . ( The same code also required that women should place their hands over their hearts when the flag is displayed during the playing of the Anthem , but not if the flag was not present . ) On December 23 , 1942 the law was again revised instructing men and women to stand at attention and face in the direction of the music when it was played . That revision also directed men and women to place their hands over their hearts only if the flag was displayed . Those in uniform were required to salute . On July 7 , 1976 , the law was simplified . Men and women were instructed to stand with their hands over their hearts , men removing their hats , irrespective of whether or not the flag was displayed and those in uniform saluting . On August 12 , 1998 , the law was rewritten keeping the same instructions , but differentiating between `` those in uniform '' and `` members of the Armed Forces and veterans '' who were both instructed to salute during the playing whether or not the flag was displayed . Because of the changes in law over the years and confusion between instructions for the Pledge of Allegence versus the National Anthem , throughout most of the 20th century many people simply stood at attention or with their hands folded in front of them during the playing of the Anthem , and when reciting the Pledge they would hold their hand ( or hat ) over their heart . After 9 / 11 , the custom of placing the hand over the heart during the playing of the Anthem became nearly universal . </P> <P> Since 1998 , federal law ( viz. , the United States Code 36 U.S.C. § 301 ) states that during a rendition of the national anthem , when the flag is displayed , all present including those in uniform should stand at attention ; Non-military service individuals should face the flag with the right hand over the heart ; Members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are present and not in uniform may render the military salute ; Military service persons not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold the headdress at the left shoulder , the hand being over the heart ; and Members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are in uniform should give the military salute at the first note of the anthem and maintain that position until the last note . The law further provides that when the flag is not displayed , all present should face toward the music and act in the same manner they would if the flag were displayed . Military law requires all vehicles on the installation to stop when the song is played and all individuals outside to stand at attention and face the direction of the music and either salute , in uniform , or place the right hand over the heart , if out of uniform . The law was amended in 2008 , and since allows military veterans to salute out of uniform , as well . </P> <P> The text of 36 U.S.C. § 301 is suggestive and not regulatory in nature . Failure to follow the suggestions is not a violation of law . This behavioral requirement for the national anthem is subject to the same First Amendment controversies that surround the Pledge of Allegiance . For example , Jehovah 's Witnesses do not sing the national anthem , though they are taught that standing is an `` ethical decision '' that individual believers must make based on their `` conscience . '' </P> <H2> Protests ( edit ) </H2> Main article : U.S. national anthem protests <H3> 1968 Olympics Black Power salute ( edit ) </H3> Main article : 1968 Olympics Black Power Salute <P> The 1968 Olympics Black Power salute was a political demonstration conducted by African - American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony at the 1968 Summer Olympics in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City . After having won gold and bronze medals respectively in the 200 meter running event , they turned on the podium to face their flags , and to hear the American national anthem , `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' . Each athlete raised a black - gloved fist , and kept them raised until the anthem had finished . In addition , Smith , Carlos , and Australian silver medalist Peter Norman all wore human rights badges on their jackets . In his autobiography , Silent Gesture , Smith stated that the gesture was not a `` Black Power '' salute , but a `` human rights salute '' . The event is regarded as one of the most overtly political statements in the history of the modern Olympic Games . </P> <H3> 2016 protests ( edit ) </H3> Main article : U.S. national anthem protests ( 2016 -- present ) <P> Politically motivated protests of the national anthem began in the National Football League ( NFL ) after San Francisco 49ers quarterback ( QB ) Colin Kaepernick sat during the anthem , as opposed to the tradition of standing , before his team 's third preseason game of 2016 . Kaepernick also sat during the first two preseason games , but he went unnoticed . </P> <H3> NAACP call to remove the National anthem ( edit ) </H3> <P> In November 2017 , the California Chapter of the NAACP called on Congress to remove The Star - Spangled Banner as the national anthem . Alice Huffman , California NAACP president said `` it 's racist ; it does n't represent our community , it 's anti-black . '' The third stanza of the anthem , which is rarely sung and few know , contains the words

It became law to stand for the national anthem on

When did it become law to stand for the national anthem?

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List of top International association football goal scorers by country - wikipedia <H1> List of top International association football goal scorers by country </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This page lists the top all - time male goal scorer for each national football team where the top scorer has a minimum 20 goals in official international matches for his country . Players who are currently active at international level are indicated in bold type . </P> <P> This list is not an all - time top international goal scorers list , as some country 's second - top scorer could have scored more than another country 's top scorer . It lists only the top scorer for each country . </P> <P> This list is for Men 's association football only . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 List of players </Li> <Li> 2 Other countries ' players </Li> <Li> 3 Notes </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> List of Players ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dd> As of 27 March 2018 . </Dd> <Dd> Players in bold are still active at international level . </Dd> <Dd> Players in italics also hold the record for most caps for their nation . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> International goals </Th> <Th> Caps </Th> <Th> Goals per match </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Iran </Td> <Td> Ali Daei </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 149 </Td> <Td> 0.73 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Ferenc Puskás </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> 0.94 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Td> Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> 149 </Td> <Td> 0.54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> Kunishige Kamamoto </Td> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 0.95 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Zambia </Td> <Td> Godfrey Chitalu </Td> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 0.71 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Iraq </Td> <Td> Hussein Saeed </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 137 </Td> <Td> 0.57 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Pelé </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> 0.84 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Kuwait </Td> <Td> Bashar Abdullah </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 133 </Td> <Td> 0.56 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Malawi </Td> <Td> Kinnah Phiri </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 115 </Td> <Td> 0.61 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saudi Arabia </Td> <Td> Majed Abdullah </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 0.60 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Thailand </Td> <Td> Kiatisuk Senamuang </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 134 </Td> <Td> 0.53 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Miroslav Klose </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 137 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Trinidad and Tobago </Td> <Td> John , Stern Stern John </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 115 </Td> <Td> 0.61 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Egypt </Td> <Td> Hassan , Hossam Hossam Hassan </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 178 </Td> <Td> 0.38 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Guatemala </Td> <Td> Ruiz , Carlos Carlos Ruiz </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 132 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republic of Ireland </Td> <Td> Keane , Robbie Robbie Keane </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 146 </Td> <Td> 0.46 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Ivory Coast </Td> <Td> Drogba , Didier Didier Drogba </Td> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 105 </Td> <Td> 0.62 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Ibrahimović , Zlatan Zlatan Ibrahimović </Td> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 0.53 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Messi , Lionel Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> 123 </Td> <Td> 0.50 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Villa , David David Villa </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 0.61 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> Cha Bum - kun </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> 134 </Td> <Td> 0.43 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Honduras </Td> <Td> Pavón , Carlos Carlos Pavón </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> 0.56 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Dempsey , Clint Clint Dempsey / Landon Donovan </Td> <Td> 57 / 57 </Td> <Td> 141 / 157 </Td> <Td> 0.40 / 0.36 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> India </Td> <Td> Chhetri , Sunil Sunil Chhetri </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 97 </Td> <Td> 0.58 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cameroon </Td> <Td> Eto'o , Samuel Samuel Eto'o </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 0.48 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> Koller , Jan Jan Koller </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 91 </Td> <Td> 0.60 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Singapore </Td> <Td> Ahmad , Fandi Fandi Ahmad </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> 0.54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> East Germany </Td> <Td> Streich , Joachim Joachim Streich </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 0.54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Rooney , Wayne Wayne Rooney </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 119 </Td> <Td> 0.44 </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Denmark </Td> <Td> Poul Nielsen / Jon Dahl Tomasson </Td> <Td> 52 / 52 </Td> <Td> 38 / 112 </Td> <Td> 1.37 / 0.46 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maldives </Td> <Td> Ashfaq , Ali Ali Ashfaq </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 0.65 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bosnia and Herzegovina </Td> <Td> Džeko , Edin Edin Džeko </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> 0.60 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> Robert Lewandowski </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 0.56 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Arab Emirates </Td> <Td> Talyani , Adnan Al Adnan Al Talyani </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 161 </Td> <Td> 0.32 </Td> <Td> . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Vietnam </Td> <Td> Vinh , Lê Công Lê Công Vinh </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 0.61 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ghana </Td> <Td> Asamoah Gyan </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 0.49 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> Şükür , Hakan Hakan Şükür </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> 0.46 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Henry , Thierry Thierry Henry </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 123 </Td> <Td> 0.41 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> Suárez , Luis Luis Suárez </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> 97 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philippines </Td> <Td> Younghusband , Phil Phil Younghusband </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> 97 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Persie , Robin van Robin van Persie </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 0.49 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Cahill , Tim Tim Cahill </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> 104 </Td> <Td> 0.49 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Mexico </Td> <Td> Hernández , Javier Javier Hernández </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> 0.48 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Bulgaria </Td> <Td> Dimitar Berbatov / Hristo Bonev </Td> <Td> 48 / 48 </Td> <Td> 78 / 96 </Td> <Td> 0.62 / 0.50 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ukraine </Td> <Td> Andriy Shevchenko </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 0.43 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> Costa Rica </Td> <Td> Fonseca , Rolando Rolando Fonseca </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 113 </Td> <Td> 0.42 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> Croatia </Td> <Td> Šuker , Davor Davor Šuker </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> 0.65 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Polster , Toni Toni Polster </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 95 </Td> <Td> 0.46 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> Oman </Td> <Td> Al - Dhabit , Hani Hani Al - Dhabit </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 0.42 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Panama </Td> <Td> Tejada , Luis Luis Tejada </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 105 </Td> <Td> 0.41 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Morocco </Td> <Td> Faras , Ahmed Ahmed Faras </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 0.55 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antigua and Barbuda </Td> <Td> Peter Byers </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 0.52 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Frei , Alexander Alexander Frei </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 0.50 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Blokhin , Oleh Oleh Blokhin </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> 0.38 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> China PR </Td> <Td> Hao Haidong </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 107 </Td> <Td> 0.38 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> Qatar </Td> <Td> Soria , Sebastián Sebastián Soria </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 119 </Td> <Td> 0.33 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malta </Td> <Td> Mifsud , Michael Michael Mifsud </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 127 </Td> <Td> 0.31 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> El Salvador </Td> <Td> Díaz Arce , Raúl Raúl Díaz Arce </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> 0.54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angola </Td> <Td> Akwá </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 0.50 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chile </Td> <Td> Sánchez , Alexis Alexis Sánchez </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 121 </Td> <Td> 0.32 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bahrain </Td> <Td> Ismail Abdul - Latif </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> 0.35 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> Yugoslavia / Serbia </Td> <Td> Bobek , Stjepan Stjepan Bobek </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> 0.60 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indonesia </Td> <Td> Pamungkas , Bambang Bambang Pamungkas </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 0.44 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estonia </Td> <Td> Oper , Andres Andres Oper </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 134 </Td> <Td> 0.28 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zimbabwe </Td> <Td> Ndlovu , Peter Peter Ndlovu </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> unk </Td> <Td> unk </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> Nigeria </Td> <Td> Yekini , Rashidi Rashidi Yekini </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> 0.64 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hong Kong </Td> <Td> Chan Siu Ki </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> 0.55 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> Tunisia </Td> <Td> Jemâa , Issam Issam Jemâa </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 0.43 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northern Ireland </Td> <Td> Healy , David David Healy </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> 95 </Td> <Td> 0.38 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Riva , Luigi Luigi Riva </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 0.83 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jamaica </Td> <Td> Shelton , Luton Luton Shelton </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 0.47 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romania </Td> <Td> Adrian Mutu / Hagi , Gheorghe Gheorghe Hagi </Td> <Td> 35 / 35 </Td> <Td> 77 / 125 </Td> <Td> 0.45 / 0.28 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slovenia </Td> <Td> Zahovič , Zlatko Zlatko Zahovič </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> 0.44 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr>

The player with the most international goals of all time is

Who has the most international goals of all time?

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Filmfare Award for Best Director - wikipedia <H1> Filmfare Award for Best Director </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Filmfare Award for Best Director </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Awarded for </Th> <Td> Best Director </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> Filmfare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First awarded </Th> <Td> Bimal Roy , Do Bigha Zamin ( 1954 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Currently held by </Th> <Td> Nitesh Tiwari , Dangal ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Filmfare Awards </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Filmfare Best Director Award is one of the main awards presented given by the annual Filmfare Awards to recognise directors working in the Hindi film Industry . It was first presented in 1954 in the inaugural year . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Superlatives </Li> <Li> 2 Multiple nominations </Li> <Li> 3 Winner and nominees <Ul> <Li> 3.1 1950s </Li> <Li> 3.2 1960s </Li> <Li> 3.3 1970s </Li> <Li> 3.4 1980s </Li> <Li> 3.5 1990s </Li> <Li> 3.6 2000s </Li> <Li> 3.7 2010s </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Superlatives ( edit ) </H2> Yash Chopra holds the record of highest nominations ( 12 ) for this award <Table> <Tr> <Th> Category </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Superlative </Th> <Th> Year ( s ) </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Most Awards </Td> <Td> Bimal Roy </Td> <Td> 7 awards </Td> <Td> 1954 -- 1964 </Td> <Td> Awards resulted from 7 nominations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Most Nominations </Td> <Td> Yash Chopra </Td> <Td> 12 nominations </Td> <Td> 1966 -- 2005 </Td> <Td> Nominations resulted in 4 awards </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Most Nominations without a Win </Td> <Td> Mahesh Bhatt </Td> <Td> 6 nominations </Td> <Td> 1984 -- 1994 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bimal Roy has the record of winning most Awards 7 and distinction of winning the Award thrice in a row , on two separate occasions ( 1954 -- 1956 and 1959 -- 1961 ) . He won the Award whenever he was nominated . Yash Chopra , Raj Kapoor and Sanjay Leela Bhansali have received the Award four times each . Yash Chopra received 12 nominations , while Raj Kapoor and Sanjay Leela Bhansali have received 6 nominations each . Mahesh Bhatt was nominated thrice in a row ( 1984 -- 1986 ) . However , he has n't received any Award even after receiving 6 nominations . Also , no Director has ever won if one has been nominated twice in the same year -- Gulzar in 1974 , Basu Chatterjee in 1977 and Hrishikesh Mukherjee in 1980 . </P> <P> Sai Paranjpye was the first of two women to have ever won the Award , the second being Zoya Akhtar . Sai Paranjpye won it for Sparsh in 1985 . Paranjpye had earlier been nominated for Chashme Buddoor in 1982 and Zoya Akhtar won it for Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara in 2012 . Other women Directors to have been nominated are Mira Nair for Salaam Bombay ! in 1990 , Farah Khan for Main Hoon Na in 2005 and for Om Shanti Om in 2008 , Gauri Shinde for English Vinglish in 2013 and Meghna Gulzar for Talvar in 2016 </P> <P> Rajkumar Santoshi remains the only Director to have won the Award for his first two films , Ghayal and Damini </P> <P> Only once have two siblings been nominated in the same year ; Zoya Akhtar and Farhan Akhtar in 2012 . </P> <H2> Multiple nominations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following Directors have received multiple Best Director nominations . The list is sorted by the number of total awards ( with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 : Bimal Roy ( 7 ) </Li> <Li> 4 : Yash Chopra ( 12 ) </Li> <Li> 4 : Raj Kapoor ( 6 ) </Li> <Li> 4 : Sanjay Leela Bhansali ( 6 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Rakesh Roshan ( 5 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Rajkumar Santoshi ( 5 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Karan Johar ( 5 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Ashutosh Gowariker ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Manoj Kumar ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Govind Nihalani ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 2 : Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Subhash Ghai ( 6 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Gulzar ( 6 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : B.R. Chopra ( 5 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Mansoor Khan ( 4 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Rajkumar Hirani ( 4 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Shyam Benegal ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Basu Chatterjee ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Aditya Chopra ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Vidhu Vinod Chopra ( 3 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 : Sohanlal Kanwar ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Mukul Anand ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Sooraj Barjatya ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : J.P. Dutta ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Shekhar Kapur ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Mehboob Khan ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Sai Paranjpye ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Ramanand Sagar ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Asit Sen ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : V. Shantaram ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Sujoy Ghosh ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Aamir Khan ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Zoya Akhtar ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Vikas Bahl ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Kunal Kohli ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Vijay Anand ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Abrar Alvi ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Satyajit Ray ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 : Muzaffar Ali ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Winner and nominees ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the list below , the winner of the award for each year is shown first , followed by the other nominees . The films are listed by the years when the award was presented . The announcing of nominations became regular after 1959 . </P> <H3> 1950s ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1954 Bimal Roy -- Do Bigha Zamin </Li> <Li> 1955 Bimal Roy -- Parineeta </Li> <Li> 1956 Bimal Roy -- Biraj Bahu </Li> <Li> 1957 V. Shantaram -- Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje </Li> <Li> 1958 Mehboob Khan -- Mother India </Li> <Li> 1959 Bimal Roy -- Madhumati </Li> </Ul> <H3> 1960s ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1960 Bimal Roy -- Sujata <Ul> <Li> L.V. Prasad -- Chhoti Bahen </Li> <Li> V. Shantaram -- Navrang </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1961 Bimal Roy -- Parakh <Ul> <Li> K. Asif -- Mughal - e-Azam </Li> <Li> Kishore Sahu -- Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1962 B.R. Chopra -- Kanoon <Ul> <Li> Nitin Bose -- Gunga Jumna </Li> <Li> Radhu Karmakar -- Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1963 Abrar Alvi -- Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam <Ul> <Li> Biren Nag -- Bees Saal Baad </Li> <Li> Mehboob Khan -- Son of India </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1964 Bimal Roy -- Bandini <Ul> <Li> B.R. Chopra -- Gumrah </Li> <Li> C.V. Sridhar -- Dil Ek Mandir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1965 Raj Kapoor -- Sangam <Ul> <Li> Khwaja Ahmad Abbas -- Shehar Aur Sapna </Li> <Li> Satyen Bose -- Dosti </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1966 Yash Chopra -- Waqt <Ul> <Li> Chetan Anand -- Haqeeqat </Li> <Li> Ramanand Sagar -- Arzoo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1967 Vijay Anand -- Guide <Ul> <Li> Asit Sen -- Mamta </Li> <Li> Hrishikesh Mukherjee -- Anupama </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1968 Manoj Kumar -- Upkar <Ul> <Li> A. Bhimsingh -- Mehrbaan </Li> <Li> A. Subba Rao -- Milan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1969 Ramanand Sagar -- Ankhen <Ul> <Li> Bhappi Soni -- Brahmachari </Li> <Li> Ram Maheshwari -- Neel Kamal </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H3> 1970s ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1970 Yash Chopra -- Ittefaq <Ul> <Li> L.V. Prasad -- Jeene Ki Raah </Li> <Li> Shakti Samanta -- Aradhana </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1971 Asit Sen -- Safar <Ul> <Li> Raj Khosla -- Do Raaste </Li> <Li> Sohanlal Kanwar -- Pehchaan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1972 Raj Kapoor -- Mera Naam Joker <Ul> <Li> Hrishikesh Mukherjee -- Anand </Li> <Li> Shakti Samanta -- Kati Patang </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1973 Sohanlal Kanwar -- Be-Imaan <Ul> <Li> Kamal Amrohi -- Pakeezah </Li> <Li> Manoj Kumar -- Shor </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1974 Yash Chopra -- Daag <Ul> <Li> Gulzar -- Achanak </Li> <Li> Gulzar -- Koshish </Li> <Li> Raj Kapoor -- Bobby </Li> <Li> Rajendra Bhatia -- Aaj Ki Taaza Khabar </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1975 Manoj Kumar -- Roti Kapda Aur Makaan <Ul> <Li> Anil Ganguly -- Kora Kagaz </Li> <Li> Basu Bhattacharya -- Avishkaar </Li> <Li> M.S. Sathyu -- Garm Hava </Li> <Li> Shyam Benegal -- Ankur </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1976 Yash Chopra -- Deewar <Ul> <Li> Gulzar -- Aandhi </Li> <Li> Ramesh Sippy -- Sholay </Li> <Li> Shakti Samanta -- Amanush </Li> <Li> Sohanlal Kanwar -- Sanyasi </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1977 Gulzar -- Mausam <Ul> <Li> Basu Chatterjee -- Chhoti Si Baat </Li> <Li> Basu Chatterjee -- Chitchor </Li> <Li> Rajkumar Kohli -- Nagin </Li> <Li> Yash Chopra -- Kabhi Kabhie </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1978 Basu Chatterjee -- Swami <Ul> <Li> Asrani -- Chala Murari Hero Banne </Li> <Li> Bhimsain -- Gharaonda </Li> <Li> Gulzar -- Kinara </Li> <Li> Manmohan Desai -- Amar Akbar Anthony </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1979 Satyajit Ray -- Shatranj Ke Khilari <Ul> <Li> Prakash Mehra -- Muqaddar Ka Sikandar </Li> <Li> Raj Khosla -- Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki </Li> <Li> Raj Kapoor -- Satyam Shivam Sundaram </Li> <Li> Yash Chopra -- Trishul </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H3> 1980s ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1980 Shyam Benegal -- Junoon <Ul> <Li> Hrishikesh Mukherjee -- Jurmana </Li> <Li> Hrishikesh Mukherjee -- Gol Maal </Li> <Li> Manmohan Krishna -- Noorie </Li> <Li> Yash Chopra -- Kaala Patthar </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1981 Govind Nihalani -- Aakrosh <Ul> <Li> B.R. Chopra -- Insaaf Ka Tarazu </Li> <Li> Esmayeel Shroff -- Thodisi Bewafaii </Li> <Li> Hrishikesh Mukherjee -- Khubsoorat </Li> <Li> J. Om Prakash -- Aasha </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1982 Muzaffar Ali -- Umrao Jaan <Ul> <Li> K. Balachander -- Ek Duuje Ke Liye </Li> <Li> Rabindra Dharamraj -- Chakra </Li> <Li> Ramesh Talwar -- Baseraa </Li> <Li> Sai Paranjpye -- Chashme Buddoor </Li> <Li> Shyam Benegal -- Kalyug </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1983 Raj Kapoor -- Prem Rog <Ul> <Li> B.R. Chopra -- Nikaah </Li> <Li> Ramesh Sippy -- Shakti </Li> <Li> Sagar Sarhadi -- Bazaar </Li> <Li> Subhash Ghai -- Vidhaata </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1984 Govind Nihalani -- Ardh Satya <Ul> <Li> Mahesh Bhatt -- Arth </Li> <Li> Mohan Kumar -- Avtaar </Li> <Li> Rahul Rawail -- Betaab </Li> <Li> Shekhar Kapur -- Masoom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1985 Sai Paranjpye -- Sparsh <Ul> <Li> Kundan Shah -- Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro </Li> <Li> Mahesh Bhatt -- Saaransh </Li> <Li> Prakash Mehra -- Sharaabi </Li> <Li> Ravi Chopra -- Aaj Ki Awaaz </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1986 Raj Kapoor -- Ram Teri Ganga Maili <Ul> <Li> Mahesh Bhatt -- Janam </Li> <Li> Rahul Rawail -- Arjun </Li> <Li> Ramesh Sippy -- Saagar </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1987 No Award </Li> <Li> 1988 No Award </Li> <Li> 1989 Mansoor Khan -- Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak <Ul> <Li> N. Chandra -- Tezaab </Li> <Li> Rakesh Roshan -- Khoon Bhari Maang </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H3> 1990s ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1990 Vidhu Vinod Chopra -- Parinda <Ul> <Li> Mira Nair -- Salaam Bombay ! </Li> <Li> Sooraj Barjatya -- Maine Pyar Kiya </Li> <Li> Subhash Ghai -- Ram Lakhan </Li> <Li> Yash Chopra -- Chandni </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1991 Rajkumar Santoshi -- Ghayal <Ul> <Li> Mahesh Bhatt -- Aashiqui </Li>

According to 2017 rankings, the best director in Bollywood is

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Middle - Eastern cuisine - wikipedia <H1> Middle - Eastern cuisine </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Hummus , a Levantine and Egyptian dip made from mashed chickpeas Serving in Jerusalem restaurant including falafel , hummus , and salad Tahchin , an Iranian rice cake popular in Iran <P> Middle Eastern cuisine is the cuisine of the various countries and peoples of the Middle East . The cuisine of the region is diverse while having a degree of homogeneity . It includes Arab , Iranian / Persian , Israeli , Assyrian , Armenian , Kurdish , Greek , Cypriot , Azerbaijani and Turkish cuisines . In 2017 , Middle Eastern cuisine was claimed by many sources to be one of the most popular and fastest growing ethnic cuisines in the US . Some commonly used ingredients include olives and olive oil , pitas , honey , sesame seeds , dates , sumac , chickpeas , mint , rice , and parsley . Some popular dishes include kebabs , dolma , baklava , yogurt , doner kebab , shawarma and Mulukhiyah . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History and influences </Li> <Li> 2 Elements <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Grains </Li> <Li> 2.2 Flavorings </Li> <Li> 2.3 Meat </Li> <Li> 2.4 Vegetables </Li> <Li> 2.5 Dishes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Beverages </Li> <Li> 4 Etiquette <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Dining etiquette in Arab countries </Li> <Li> 4.2 Dining etiquette in non-Arab countries of Middle East </Li> <Li> 4.3 Iran <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Turkey </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.4 Month of Ramadan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Globalization </Li> <Li> 6 Geographical varieties of Arab cuisine of Middle East </Li> <Li> 7 Geographical varieties of non-Arab cuisines of Middle East </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History and influences ( edit ) </H2> Doner kebab <P> The Middle East includes the region formerly known as the Fertile Crescent ( the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers - Sumeria , Akkad , Assyria and Babylonia ) , where wheat was first cultivated , followed by barley , pistachios , figs , pomegranates , dates and other regional staples . Fermentation was also discovered here to leaven bread and make beer in Mesopotamia , and the earliest written recipes come from that region also . </P> <P> As a crossroads between Europe , Asia , the Caucasus and North Africa , this area has long been a hub of food and recipe exchange . During the first Persian Empire ( ca . 550 -- 330 BCE ) , the foundation was laid for modern Middle Eastern food when rice , poultry and various fruits were incorporated into the local diets . Figs , dates and nuts were brought by merchants to conquered lands , and spices were brought back from the Orient . </P> <P> The area was also influenced by dumplings from Mongol invaders ; turmeric , cumin , garlic and other spices from India ; cloves , peppercorns and allspice from the Spice Islands ; okra from Africa ; and tomatoes from the New World , via the Moors of Spain . Religion has also influenced the cuisine ; neither Jews nor Muslims eat pork , making lamb the primary meat . Since the Qur'an forbids alcohol consumption , the region is n't noted much for its wine -- except in religiously mixed Lebanon , where vineyards like Chateau Ksara , Chateau Kefraya and Chateau Masaya have gained international fame for their wines . Chateau Ksara is also very popular for its arak , an alcoholic drink produced in the Levant and Iraq . Al - Maza is Lebanon 's primary brewery , which was also , at one time , the Middle East 's only beer - producing factory . Lebanon has always been well known in the region for its wines and arak , making it an exception when it comes to lack of alcohol in the region . </P> <P> Under the Ottoman Empire , sweet pastries of paper thin phyllo dough and dense coffee were brought to the area . </P> <H2> Elements ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Grains ( edit ) </H3> <P> Grains constitute the basis of the Middle Eastern diet , both historically and today . Wheat and rice are the major and preferred sources of staple foods . Barley is also widely used in the region and maize has become common in some areas as well . Bread is a universal staple -- eaten in one form or another by all classes and groups -- practically at every meal . </P> <P> Aside from bread , wheat is also used in the forms of bulghur and couscous . Burghul is cracked wheat , made by partially cooking the wheat grains in water , drying it in an oven or in the sun , then breaking it into pieces , in different grades of size . Typically , it is cooked in water , with flavorings , much like rice . Burghul is also used in making meat pies and as an ingredient in salads , notably in tabbouleh , with chopped parsley , tomato , lemon , and oil . Freekeh is another common grain , made from immature green wheat . </P> <P> There are many types of rice produced and consumed in the region . Plain rice is served under grilled meats or with meat / vegetable stews . In more complex rice dishes , there are layers of meat , vegetables , sauces , nuts , or dried fruits . </P> <H3> Flavorings ( edit ) </H3> <P> Butter and clarified butter ( also known as smen ) are , traditionally , the preferred medium of cooking . Olive oil is prevalent in the Mediterranean coastal areas . Christians use it during Lent , when meat and dairy products are excluded , and Jews use it in place of animal fats such as butter to avoid mixing meat and dairy products . </P> <P> Most regions in the Middle East use spices . Typically , a stew will include a small amount of cinnamon , nutmeg , cloves , cumin , and coriander . Black pepper is common , and chili peppers are used occasionally , especially as a separate sauce or as a pickle . Parsley and mint are commonly used both in cooking and in salads . Thyme and thyme blends ( za'atar ) are common in Syria , Lebanon , Jordan and Israel , and a mixture of dried thyme and sumac ( crushed sour berries ) is a common breakfast item with oil and bread . Sumac is also sprinkled over grilled meat . Garlic is common to many dishes and salads . </P> <H3> Meat ( edit ) </H3> Kebab koobideh <P> Lamb and mutton have always been the favored meats of the Middle East . Pork is prohibited in both Islam and Judaism , and as such is rarely eaten in the region . Prominent among the meat preparations are grilled meats , or kebabs . There are a wide variety of these grills , with many regional specialties and styles . The most common are the cubed cuts on skewers , known as shish kebab in most places . Chicken may also be grilled in the same fashion . Another common variety is kofta kebab , made from ground meat , sometimes mixed with onions and spices , shaped around the skewer like a long sausage and grilled . Kebabs are typically a street or restaurant food , served with bread , salad , and pickles . It is not usually prepared in domestic kitchens . </P> <P> Meat and vegetable stews , served with rice , bulgur , or bread , are another form of meat preparation in the region . Kibbeh is a pie or dumpling made with meat and cereal . The most common are made with ground meat ( typically lamb ) and burghul , worked together like a dough , then stuffed with minced meat that has been fried with onion , aromatics , and , sometimes , pine nuts or almonds and raisins . This can either be in the form of individual small dumplings ( usually shaped like a torpedo ) , or in slices like a cake , baked on an oven tray with the stuffing placed between two layers of the dough . One variation is kibbeh naye , raw kibbeh , which is made by pounding raw meat and burghul together with seasoning and served with dips of lemon juice and chili sauce . </P> <H3> Vegetables ( edit ) </H3> Tursu are the pickled vegetables of the cuisines of many Balkan and Middle East countries . <P> Vegetables and pulses are the predominant staple of the great majority of the people in the Middle East . They are boiled , stewed , grilled , stuffed , and cooked with meat and with rice . Among the green leaf vegetables , many varieties of cabbage , spinach , and chard are widely used . Root and bulb vegetables , such as onions and garlic , as well as carrots , turnips , and beets are equally common . Squash , tomato , eggplants , and okra are distinctive elements in the cookery of the region . ( Use your own discretion with this commentary , as Squash and tomatoes originate from the Americas , and are not ' distinctive ' to the region as the above suggested . ) Eggplant is often fried in slices and dressed in yogurt and garlic , or roasted over an open fire , then pulped and dressed with tahini ( sesame paste ) , lemon juice , garlic , and cumin , a dish known as baba ghanoush . Tomato is the most ubiquitous ingredient in Middle Eastern cookery . It is used fresh in a variety of salads , cooked in almost every stew and broth , and grilled with kebab . </P> <P> Beans and pulses are crucial to the diet of the region , second only to cereals . Fava beans are eaten both green and dried . Dried , they are boiled into one of the most popular Egyptian foods : ful medames , a domestic and street food , eaten for breakfast or any other meal , mashed and dressed in oil , lemon , and chili . Similar dishes are found in all other parts of the region . The famous Falafel , now popular in Europe and America , was originally made from dried fava , crushed and formed into a rissole with herbs and spices , then fried . It is also made from chickpeas or a mixture of the two . Green fava are cooked like other green beans , boiled and dressed in oil , or stewed with meat . The haricot beans and black - eyed beans are also common . Lentils , split peas , and chickpeas are widely used in soups , with rice , in salads , or with meat . Hummus , made from chickpeas and sesame paste , originated in Syria and Lebanon . </P> <H3> Dishes ( edit ) </H3> Meze is a selection of small dishes served to accompany alcoholic drinks as a course or as appetizers before the main dish in Arab countries , Turkic countries , and Iran . <P> Stuffed vegetables are a dish most associated with the Middle East in the popular mind . They are commonly called dolma , the Turkish word meaning `` stuffed , '' but also the Arabic mahshi . Grape leaves , chard , and cabbage are stuffed with rice , ground meat , pine nuts , and spices , and then stewed in oil and tomato . Many vegetables are similarly

In the Balkans and Middle East, the word for clarified butter is

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National Film Registry in 2011 . A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 , in which Hopkins reprised his role . It was followed by two prequels : Red Dragon ( 2002 ) and Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4.2 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Accusations of homophobia , transphobia and sexism </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <P> FBI trainee and UVA graduate , Clarice Starling , is pulled from her training at the FBI Academy at Quantico , Virginia by Jack Crawford of the Bureau 's Behavioral Science Unit . He assigns her to interview Hannibal Lecter , a former psychiatrist and incarcerated cannibalistic serial killer , whose insight might prove useful in the pursuit of a serial killer nicknamed `` Buffalo Bill '' , who skins his female victims ' corpses . </P> <P> Starling travels to the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane , where she is led by Dr. Frederick Chilton to Lecter 's solitary quarters . Although initially pleasant and courteous , Lecter grows impatient with Starling 's attempts at `` dissecting '' him and rebuffs her . As she is leaving , one of the prisoners flicks semen at her . Lecter , who considers this act `` unspeakably ugly '' , calls Starling back and tells her to seek out an old patient of his . This leads her to a storage shed , where she discovers a man 's severed head with a sphinx moth lodged in its throat . She returns to Lecter , who tells her that the man is linked to Buffalo Bill . He offers to profile Buffalo Bill on the condition that he may be transferred away from Chilton , whom he detests . </P> <P> Buffalo Bill abducts a Senator 's daughter , Catherine Martin . Crawford authorizes Starling to offer Lecter a fake deal , promising a prison transfer if he provides information that helps them find Buffalo Bill and rescue Catherine . Instead , Lecter demands a quid pro quo from Starling , offering clues about Buffalo Bill in exchange for personal information . Starling tells Lecter about the murder of her father when she was ten years old . Chilton secretly records the conversation and reveals Starling 's deceit before offering Lecter a deal of Chilton 's own making . Lecter agrees and is flown to Memphis , Tennessee , where he verbally torments Senator Ruth Martin , and gives her misleading information on Buffalo Bill , including the name `` Louis Friend '' . </P> <P> Starling notices that `` Louis Friend '' is an anagram of `` iron sulfide '' -- fool 's gold . She visits Lecter , who is now being held in a cage - like cell in a Tennessee courthouse , and asks for the truth . Lecter tells her that all the information she needs is contained in the case file . Rather than give her the real name , he insists that they continue their quid pro quo and she recounts a traumatic childhood incident where she was awakened by the sound of spring lambs being slaughtered on a relative 's farm in Montana . Starling admits that she still sometimes wakes thinking she can hear lambs screaming , and Lecter speculates that she is motivated to save Catherine in the hope that it will end the nightmares . Lecter gives her back the case files on Buffalo Bill after their conversation is interrupted by Chilton and the police , who escort her from the building . Later that evening , Lecter kills his guards , escapes from his cell , and disappears . </P> <P> Starling analyzes Lecter 's annotations to the case files and realizes that Buffalo Bill knew his first victim personally . Starling travels to the victim 's hometown and discovers that Buffalo Bill was a tailor , with dresses and dress patterns identical to the patches of skin removed from each of his victims . She telephones Crawford to inform him that Buffalo Bill is trying to form a `` woman suit '' out of real skin , but Crawford is already en route to make an arrest , having cross-referenced Lecter 's notes with hospital archives and finding a transsexual man named Jame Gumb , who once applied unsuccessfully for a sex - change operation . Starling continues interviewing friends of Buffalo Bill 's first victim in Ohio , while Crawford leads an FBI HRT team to Gumb 's address in Illinois . The house in Illinois is empty , and Starling is led to the house of `` Jack Gordon '' , whom she realizes is actually Jame Gumb , again by finding a sphinx moth . She pursues him into his multi-room basement , where she discovers that Catherine is still alive , but trapped in a dry well . After turning off the basement lights , Gumb stalks Starling in the dark with night - vision goggles , but gives his position away when he cocks his revolver . Starling reacts just in time and fires all of her rounds at Gumb , killing him . </P> <P> Sometime later , at the FBI Academy graduation party , Starling receives a phone call from Lecter , who is at an airport in Bimini . He assures her that he does not plan to pursue her and asks her to return the favor , which she says she can not do . Lecter then hangs up the phone , saying that he is `` having an old friend for dinner '' , and starts following a newly arrived Chilton before disappearing into the crowd . </P> <H2> Cast </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jodie Foster as Clarice Starling <Ul> <Li> Masha Skorobogatov as young Clarice </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Anthony Hopkins as Dr. Hannibal Lecter </Li> <Li> Scott Glenn as Jack Crawford </Li> <Li> Ted Levine as Jame `` Buffalo Bill '' Gumb </Li> <Li> Anthony Heald as Dr. Frederick Chilton </Li> <Li> Brooke Smith as Catherine Martin </Li> <Li> Diane Baker as U.S. Senator Ruth Martin </Li> <Li> Kasi Lemmons as Ardelia Mapp </Li> <Li> Frankie Faison as Barney Matthews </Li> <Li> Tracey Walter as Lamar </Li> <Li> Charles Napier as Lt. Boyle </Li> <Li> Danny Darst as Sgt . Tate </Li> <Li> Alex Coleman as Sgt . Jim Pembry </Li> <Li> Dan Butler as Roden </Li> <Li> Paul Lazar as Pilcher </Li> <Li> Ron Vawter as Paul Krendler </Li> <Li> Roger Corman as FBI Director Hayden Burke </Li> <Li> Chris Isaak as SWAT Commander </Li> <Li> Harry Northup as Mr. Bimmel </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production </H2> <H3> Development </H3> <P> The Silence of the Lambs is based on Thomas Harris ' 1988 novel of the same name and is the second film to feature the character Hannibal Lecter following the 1986 film Manhunter . Prior to the novel 's release , Orion Pictures partnered with Gene Hackman to bring the novel to the big screen . With Hackman set to direct and possibly star in the role of Crawford , negotiations were made to split the $500,000 cost of rights between Hackman and the studio . In addition to securing the rights to the novel , producers also had to acquire the rights to the name `` Hannibal Lecter '' , which were owned by Manhunter producer Dino De Laurentiis . Owing to the financial failure of the earlier film , De Laurentiis lent the character rights to Orion Pictures for free . </P> <P> In November 1987 , Ted Tally was brought on to write the adaptation ; Tally had previously crossed paths with Harris many times , with his interest in adapting The Silence of the Lambs originating from receiving an advance copy of the book from Harris himself . When Tally was about halfway through with the first draft , Hackman withdrew from the project and financing fell through . However , Orion Pictures co-founder Mike Medavoy assured Tally to keep writing as the studio itself took care of financing and searched for a replacement director . As a result , Orion Pictures sought director Jonathan Demme to helm the project . With the screenplay not yet completed , Demme signed on after reading the novel . From there , the project quickly took off , as Tally explained , `` ( Demme ) read my first draft not long after it was finished , and we met , then I was just startled by the speed of things . We met in May 1989 and were shooting in November . I do n't remember any big revisions . '' </P> <H3> Casting </H3> <P> Jodie Foster was interested in playing the role of Clarice Starling immediately after reading the novel . However , despite Foster 's having just won an Academy Award for her performance in the 1988 film The Accused , Demme was not convinced that she was right for the part . Having previously collaborated on Married to the Mob , Demme 's first choice for the role of Starling was Michelle Pfeiffer , who turned it down , later saying , `` It was a difficult decision , but I got nervous about the subject matter '' . As a result , Foster was awarded the role due to her passion towards the character . </P> <P> For the role of Dr. Hannibal Lecter , Demme originally approached Sean Connery . After the actor turned it down , Anthony Hopkins was then offered the part based on his performance in The Elephant Man . Other actors considered for the role included Al Pacino , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Derek Jacobi and Daniel Day - Lewis . </P> <P> Gene Hackman was originally going to play Jack Crawford , the Agent - in - Charge of the Behavioral Science Unit of the FBI in Quantico , Virginia but he found the script `` too violent . '' Scott Glenn was then cast in the role . To prepare for the role , Glenn met with John E. Douglas , after whom the character is modeled . Douglas gave Glenn a tour of the Quantico facility and also played for him an audio tape containing various recordings that serial killers Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris had made of themselves raping and torturing a 16 - year - old girl . According to Douglas , Glenn wept as he experienced the recordings and even changed his liberal stance on the death penalty . </P> <H3> Filming </H3> <P> Principal photography for The Silence of the Lambs began on November 15 , 1989 and concluded on March 1 , 1990 . Filming primarily took place in and around Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , with some scenes shot in nearby northern West Virginia . The home of Buffalo Bill used for exterior scenes was in Layton , Pennsylvania . The exterior of the Western Center near Canonsburg , Pennsylvania served as the setting for Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane . In what was a rare act of cooperation at the time , the FBI allowed scenes to be filmed at the FBI Academy in Quantico ; some FBI staff members even acted in bit parts . </P> <H3> Music </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Silence of the Lambs : The Original Motion Picture Score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Film score by Howard Shore </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 5 , 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> August , 1990 in Munich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 57 : 09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> MCA Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Howard Shore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Howard Shore chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Big

The role of the girl in "The Silence of the Lambs" was played by

Who played the girl in silence of the lambs?

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Phosphorus pentoxide - wikipedia <H1> Phosphorus pentoxide </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Phosphorus pentoxide <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Names </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Other names Diphosphorus pentoxide Phosphorus ( V ) oxide Phosphoric anhydride Tetraphosphorus decaoxide Tetraphosphorus decoxide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CAS Number </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1314 - 56 - 3 </Li> <Li> 16752 - 60 - 6 ( P O ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3D model ( JSmol ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Interactive image </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ChEBI </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CHEBI : 37376 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ChemSpider </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 14128 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ECHA InfoCard </Td> <Td> 100.013. 852 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PubChem CID </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 14812 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> RTECS number </Td> <Td> TH3945000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> InChI ( show ) <Ul> <Li> InChI = 1S / P6o5 / c1 - 11 - 5 - 12 ( 2 ) 8 - 13 ( 3 , 6 - 11 ) 10 - 14 ( 4 , 7 - 11 ) 9 - 12 Key : DLYUQMMRRRQYAE - UHFFFAOYSA - N </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> SMILES ( show ) <Ul> <Li> O = P13OP2 ( = O ) OP ( = O ) ( O1 ) OP ( = O ) ( O2 ) O3 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chemical formula </Td> <Td> P O </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molar mass </Td> <Td> 283.886 g mol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Appearance </Td> <Td> white powder very deliquescent pungent odour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Density </Td> <Td> 2.39 g / cm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Melting point </Td> <Td> sublimes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boiling point </Td> <Td> 360 ° C ( 680 ° F ; 633 K ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Solubility in water </Td> <Td> exothermic hydrolysis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vapor pressure </Td> <Td> 1 mmHg @ 385 ° C ( stable form ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Hazards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Safety data sheet </Td> <Td> MSDS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> EU classification ( DSD ) ( outdated ) </Td> <Td> not listed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> NFPA 704 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Except where otherwise noted , data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) , 100 kPa ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> N verify ( what is ? ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Infobox references </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P O ( with its common name derived from its empirical formula , P O ) . This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid . It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Preparation </Li> <Li> 3 Applications </Li> <Li> 4 Related phosphorus oxides </Li> <Li> 5 Hazards </Li> <Li> 6 Fiction </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four forms or polymorphs . The most familiar one , a metastable form , shown in the figure , comprises molecules of P O. Weak van der Waals forces hold these molecules together in a hexagonal lattice ( However , in spite of the high symmetry of the molecules , the crystal packing is not a close packing ) . The structure of the P O cage is reminiscent of adamantane with T symmetry point group . It is closely related to the corresponding anhydride of phosphorous acid , P O . The latter lacks terminal oxo groups . Its density is 2.30 g / cm . It boils at 423 ° C under atmospheric pressure ; if heated more rapidly it can sublimate . This form can be made by condensing the vapor of phosphorus pentoxide rapidly , the result is an extremely hygroscopic solid . </P> <P> The other polymorphs are polymeric , but in each case the phosphorus atoms are bound by a tetrahedron of oxygen atoms , one of which forms a terminal P =O bond involving the donation of the terminal oxygen p - orbital electrons to the antibonding phosphorus - oxygen single bonds . The macromolecular form can be made by heating the compound in a sealed tube for several hours , and maintaining the melt at a high temperature before cooling the melt to the solid . The metastable orthorhombic , `` O '' - form ( density 2.72 g / cm , melting point 562 ° C ) , adopts a layered structure consisting of interconnected P O rings , not unlike the structure adopted by certain poly silicates . The stable form is a higher density phase , also orthorhombic , the so - called O ' form . It consists of a 3 - dimensional framework , density 3.5 g / cm . The remaining polymorph is a glass or amorphous form ; it can be made by fusing any of the others . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> part of an o ′ - ( P O ) layer </Td> <Td> o ′ - ( P O ) layers stacking </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Preparation ( edit ) </H2> <P> P O is prepared by burning elemental phosphorus with sufficient supply of air : </P> <Dl> <Dd> P + 5 O → P O </Dd> </Dl> <P> For most of the 20th century , phosphorus pentoxide was used to provide a supply of concentrated pure phosphoric acid . In the thermal process , the phosphorus pentoxide obtained by burning white phosphorus was dissolved in dilute phosphoric acid to produce concentrated acid . Improvements in filter technology is leading to the `` wet phosphoric acid process '' taking over from the thermal process , obviating the need to produce white phosphorus as a starting material . The dehydration of phosphoric acid to give phosphorus pentoxide is not possible as on heating metaphosphoric acid will boil without losing all its water . </P> <H2> Applications ( edit ) </H2> <P> Phosphorus pentoxide is a potent dehydrating agent as indicated by the exothermic nature of its hydrolysis : </P> <Dl> <Dd> P O + 6 H O → 4 H PO ( -- 177 kJ ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> However , its utility for drying is limited somewhat by its tendency to form a protective viscous coating that inhibits further dehydration by unspent material . A granular form of P O is used in desiccators . </P> <P> Consistent with its strong desiccating power , P O is used in organic synthesis for dehydration . The most important application is for the conversion of primary amides into nitriles : </P> <Dl> <Dd> P O + RC ( O ) NH → P O ( OH ) + RCN </Dd> </Dl> <P> The indicated coproduct P O ( OH ) is an idealized formula for undefined products resulting from the hydration of P O . </P> <P> Alternatively , when combined with a carboxylic acid , the result is the corresponding anhydride : </P> <Dl> <Dd> P O + RCO H → P O ( OH ) + ( RC ( O ) ) O </Dd> </Dl> <P> The `` Onodera reagent '' , a solution of P O in DMSO , is employed for the oxidation of alcohols . This reaction is reminiscent of the Swern oxidation . </P> <P> The desiccating power of P O is strong enough to convert many mineral acids to their anhydrides . Examples : HNO is converted to N O ; H SO is converted to SO ; HClO is converted to Cl O ; CF SO H is converted to ( CF ) S O . </P> <H2> Related phosphorus oxides ( edit ) </H2> <P> Between the commercially important P O and P O , phosphorus oxides are known with intermediate structures . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Hazards ( edit ) </H2> <P> Phosphorus pentoxide is not flammable . It reacts vigorously with water and water - containing substances like wood or cotton , liberates much heat and may even cause fire . It is corrosive to metal and is very irritating -- it may cause severe burns to the eye , skin , mucous membrane , and respiratory tract even at concentrations as low as 1 mg / m . </P> <H2> Fiction ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> In Anthony Burgess ' The Wanting Seed , phosphorus pentoxide is a highly prized compound . </Li> <Li> In Detective Comics # 825 , Batman notices that phosphorus pentoxide was at the scene of a fire , indicating that the villain Dr. Phosphorus was involved . </Li> <Li> In Aldous Huxley 's Point Counter Point , Lord Edward bemoans societal loss of phosphorous pentoxide to his assistant Illidge . </Li> <Li> In Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World , Henry Foster tells Lenina about the recovery of phosphorus pentoxide . </Li> <Li> In The Tunnel , ( season 1 , episode 6 ) , a victim was consumed by a fire started with phosphorus pentoxide . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Eaton 's reagent </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Greenwood , Norman N. ; Earnshaw , Alan ( 1997 ) . Chemistry of the Elements ( 2nd ed . ) . Butterworth - Heinemann . ISBN 0 - 08 - 037941 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cruickshank , D.W.J. ( 1964 ) . `` Refinements of Structures Containing Bonds between Si , P , S or Cl and O or N : V. P O '' . Acta Crystallogr. 17 ( 6 ) : 677 -- 9 . doi : 10.1107 / S0365110X64001669 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D.E.C. Corbridge `` Phosphorus : An Outline of its Chemistry , Biochemistry , and Technology '' 5th Edition Elsevier : Amsterdam . ISBN 0 - 444 - 89307 - 5 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : . Catherine E. Housecroft ; Alan G. Sharpe ( 2008 ) . `` Chapter 15 : The group 15 elements '' . Inorganic Chemistry , 3rd Edition . Pearson . p. 473 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 13 - 175553 - 6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D. Stachel , I. Svoboda and H. Fuess ( June 1995 ) . `` Phosphorus Pentoxide at 233 K '' . Acta Crystallogr. C. 51 ( 6 ) : 1049 -- 1050 . doi : 10.1107 / S0108270194012126 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Threlfall , Richard E. , ( 1951 ) . The story of 100 years of Phosphorus Making : 1851 - 1951 . Oldbury : Albright & Wilson Ltd </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Podger , Hugh ( 2002 ) . Albright & Wilson : The Last 50 Years . Studley : Brewin Books . ISBN 1 - 85858 - 223 - 7 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Meier , M.S. `` Phosphorus ( V ) Oxide '' in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis ( Ed : L. Paquette ) 2004 , J. Wiley & Sons , New York . doi : 10.1002 / 047084289 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joseph C. Salamone , ed. ( 1996 ) . Polymeric materials encyclopedia : C , Volume 2 . CRC Press . p. 1417 . ISBN 0 - 8493 - 2470 - X . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tidwell , T.T. `` Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- Phosphorus Pentoxide '' in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis ( Ed : L. Paquette ) 2004 , J. Wiley & Sons , New York . doi : 10.1002 / 047084289 . </Li> <Li> Jump up

The compound with the formula P4010 is known as

What is the name of the compound p4010?

23049587680969079

Baseball metaphors for sex - wikipedia <H1> Baseball metaphors for sex </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 11 March 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search <P> Among American adolescents , baseball metaphors for sex are often used as euphemisms for the degree of physical intimacy achieved in sexual encounters or relationships . In the metaphor , first prevalent in the aftermath of World War II , sexual activities are described as if they are actions in a game of baseball . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Details and popularity </Li> <Li> 2 Sex education </Li> <Li> 3 Alternative views </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Details and popularity ( edit ) </H2> <P> Among the most commonly used metaphors are the bases describing levels of physical intimacy ( generally from a heterosexual perspective ) . Definitions vary , but the following are typical usages of the terms : </P> <Ul> <Li> First base -- mouth - to - mouth kissing , especially French kissing ; </Li> <Li> Second base -- skin - to - skin touching / kissing of the breasts ; in some contexts , it may instead refer to touching any erogenous zones through the clothes ( i.e. , not actually touching the skin ) , or manual stimulation of the genitals ; </Li> <Li> Third base -- touching below the waist ( without sexual intercourse ) ; in some contexts , it may instead refer to oral stimulation of the genitals ; </Li> <Li> Home run ( home base or scoring ) -- `` full '' sexual intercourse . </Li> </Ul> <P> Additionally , </P> <Ul> <Li> Strikeout -- a failure to engage in any form of foreplay or other sexual activity ; </Li> </Ul> <P> Additionally , there are two metaphors used to refer to men who have sex with men : </P> <Ul> <Li> Pitching -- the man performing anal sex </Li> <Li> Catching -- the man receiving anal sex </Li> </Ul> <P> Other similar metaphors include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Switch hitter -- a bisexual individual , referencing a player who can bat from either side </Li> <Li> Playing for the other team -- usually indicating a person is gay or lesbian </Li> <Li> Playing for both teams -- usually indicating a person is bisexual </Li> </Ul> <P> The metaphors are found variously in popular American culture , with one well - known example in the Meat Loaf song `` Paradise by the Dashboard Light '' , which describes a young couple `` making out '' , with a voice - over commentary , by baseball announcer Phil Rizzuto , of a portion of a baseball game as a metaphor for the couple 's activities . A similar example can be found in Billy Joel 's song `` Zanzibar '' in which he compares himself to Pete Rose and sings the lines `` Me , I 'm trying just to get to second base and I 'd steal it if she only gave the sign . She 's gon na give the go ahead , the inning is n't over yet for me . '' </P> <P> David Letterman chronicled many of these in his `` Top Ten Baseball Euphemisms for Sex '' -- a recurring theme on the Top Ten Lists featured on the late - night talk shows he hosted before his retirement . </P> <H2> Sex education ( edit ) </H2> <P> Educators have found the baseball metaphor an effective instructional tool when providing sex education to middle school students . Leman and Bell , in their book A Chicken 's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex , make use of it to aid parents in the discussion of puberty with their children , dividing the topics into `` first base '' ( `` Changes from the neck up '' ) , `` second base '' ( `` Changes from the neck to the waist '' ) , `` third base '' ( `` Changes from the waist down '' ) , and `` home plate '' ( `` The Big ' It ' '' ) . </P> <H2> Alternative views ( edit ) </H2> <P> This sequence of `` running the bases '' is often regarded as a script , or pattern , for young people who are experimenting with sexual relationships . The script may have slightly changed since the 1960s . Kohl and Francoeur state that with the growing emphasis in the 1990s on safe sex to expand sex beyond heterosexual penetrative intercourse , the `` home run '' has taken on the additional dimension of oral sex . Richters and Rissel conversely state that `` third base '' is now sometimes considered to comprise oral sex as part of the accepted pattern of activities , as a precursor to `` full '' ( i.e. penetrative ) sex . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Baseball portal </Li> <Li> Sexuality portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Glossary of English - language idioms derived from baseball </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hellermann , Steven L. ; Markovits , Andrei S. ( 2001 ) . Offside : Soccer and American Exceptionalism . Princeton University Press . p. 66 . ISBN 069107447X . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Romaine , Suzanne ( 1999 ) . Communicating Gender . Lawrence Erlbaum Associates . p. 210 . ISBN 0 - 8058 - 2926 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jezer , Marty ( 1982 ) . The Dark Ages , Life in the United States , 1945 -- 1960 . South End Press . p. 248 . ISBN 0 - 89608 - 127 - 3 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Levkoff , Logan ( 2012 ) . `` Sex Talk Among Teens '' . Third Base Ai n't What it Used to Be : What Your Kids Are Learning About Sex Today -- and How to Teach Them to Become Sexually Healthy Adults . Open Road Media . ISBN 9781453262924 . Dalzell , Tom ( 2008 ) . The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English . Routledge . ISBN 9781134194780 . Rutter , Virginia & Schwartz , Pepper ( 2012 ) . The Gender of Sexuality : Exploring Sexual Possibilities . Rowman & Littlefield . ISBN 9780742570030 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pearlman , Jeff ( 2007 - 08 - 29 ) . `` Phil and Meat Loaf will always have `` Paradise '' `` . ESPN . Retrieved 2010 - 01 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bielen , Ken ( 2011 ) . The Words and Music of Billy Joel . Praeger . p. 50 . ISBN 9780313380167 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Letterman , David ( 2001 - 09 - 19 ) . Top Ten Baseball Euphemisms for Sex . Late Show with David Letterman . Retrieved 2010 - 04 - 30 . ( Search the `` Top Ten '' archive by the show date here . ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hall , Alvin L. ; Altherr , Thomas L. ( 2002 ) . `` Eros at the Bat : American Baseball and Sexuality in Historical Context '' . The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1998 . McFarland & Company . pp. 157 -- 182 . ISBN 0 - 7864 - 0954 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Leman , Kevin ; Bell , Kathy Flores ( 2004 ) . A Chicken 's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex . Zondervan . ISBN 031025096X . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Juliet Richters and Chris Rissel ( 2005 ) . Doing it Down Under : The Sexual Lives of Australians . Allen & Unwin . p. 32 . ISBN 1 - 74114 - 326 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kohl , James V. ; Francoeur , Robert T. ( 2002 ) . The Scent of Eros : Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality . iUniverse . pp. 153 -- 154 . ISBN 059523383X . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dale , David ( 2004 - 02 - 10 ) . `` Strike me lucky , it just is n't cricket '' . The Sun - Herald . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Sexual slang </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anilingus </Li> <Li> Banjee </Li> <Li> Bareback </Li> <Li> Baseball metaphors for sex </Li> <Li> Blue balls </Li> <Li> Bottom </Li> <Li> Camel toe </Li> <Li> Chickenhead </Li> <Li> Circle jerk </Li> <Li> Cock tease </Li> <Li> Cornhole </Li> <Li> Cougar </Li> <Li> Cunt </Li> <Li> Daisy chain </Li> <Li> Deep - throating </Li> <Li> Dick </Li> <Li> Dirty Sanchez </Li> <Li> Dogging </Li> <Li> Donkey punch </Li> <Li> Douche </Li> <Li> Felching </Li> <Li> Fuck </Li> <Li> Girlfriend experience </Li> <Li> Glory hole </Li> <Li> Hogging </Li> <Li> Hot Karl </Li> <Li> Italian profanity </Li> <Li> Latin profanity </Li> <Li> Mama - san </Li> <Li> Mammary intercourse </Li> <Li> Mat </Li> <Li> Mile high club </Li> <Li> Motherfucker </Li> <Li> Nookie </Li> <Li> Party and play </Li> <Li> Pearl necklace </Li> <Li> Pegging </Li> <Li> Pirate </Li> <Li> Pussy </Li> <Li> Quickie </Li> <Li> Red wings </Li> <Li> Rusty trombone </Li> <Li> Saddlebacking </Li> <Li> Serosorting </Li> <Li> Shemale </Li> <Li> Slut </Li> <Li> Snowballing </Li> <Li> Soggy biscuit </Li> <Li> Switch </Li> <Li> Teabagging </Li> <Li> Tits </Li> <Li> Top </Li> <Li> Top , bottom and versatile </Li> <Li> Turkey slap </Li> <Li> Twat </Li> <Li> Voulez - vous coucher avec moi ? </Li> <Li> Wanker </Li> <Li> Whale tail </Li> <Li> Whore </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> LGBT - specific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bara </Li> <Li> Bear </Li> <Li> Beard </Li> <Li> Bi-curious </Li> <Li> Breeder </Li> <Li> Bugchasing </Li> <Li> Chicken </Li> <Li> Chickenhawk </Li> <Li> Chub </Li> <Li> Daddy </Li> <Li> Down - low </Li> <Li> Dyke </Li> <Li> Fag hag </Li> <Li> Fruit </Li> <Li> Gay - for - pay </Li> <Li> Lipstick lesbian </Li> <Li> Queen </Li> <Li> Soft butch </Li> <Li> Swish </Li> <Li> Trade </Li> <Li> Troll </Li> <Li> Twink </Li> <Li> U-Haul lesbian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> In pornography </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ass to mouth </Li> <Li> Bukkake </Li> <Li> Centerfold </Li> <Li> Clothed female , naked male ( CFNM ) </Li> <Li> Clothed male , naked female ( CMNF ) </Li> <Li> Creampie </Li> <Li> Cum shot </Li> <Li> Deep - throating </Li> <Li> Downblouse </Li> <Li> Facial </Li> <Li> Felching </Li> <Li> Fluffer </Li> <Li> Gang bang </Li> <Li> Gokkun </Li> <Li> Golden Age of Porn </Li> <Li> Insert </Li> <Li> MILF / DILF </Li> <Li> Money shot </Li> <Li> Paysite </Li> <Li> Point - of - view </Li> <Li> Rosebud </Li> <Li> Stunt cock </Li> <Li> Upskirt </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> In popular culture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of films that most frequently use the word `` fuck '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Human sexuality </Li> <Li> Sexology </Li> <Li> Sexual slur </Li> <Li> Terminology of homosexuality </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball_metaphors_for_sex&oldid=829908955 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> American slang </Li> <Li> Baseball culture </Li> <Li> Metaphors referring to sport </Li> <Li> Sexual acts </Li> <Li> Sexual slang </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia pending changes protected pages </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li>

A "home run" with a girl refers to

What is a home run with a girl?

6185099521013996598

Spirit of the Suwannee Music park - wikipedia <H1> Spirit of the Suwannee Music park </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article contains content that is written like an advertisement . Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view . ( December 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is located in North Central Florida , in Suwannee County , United States . </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Situated on the banks of the historic Suwannee River , the park consists of over 800 acres ( 2.4 km2 ) of camping areas , concert venues , recreational facilities and unspoiled forests . The park hosts numerous major events each year , including Suwannee Hulaween , the AURA Music and Arts Festival , Suwannee River Jam , the Magnoliafest , Wanee Music Festival , Blackwater Music Festival , Purple Hatter 's Ball , and Suwannee Springfest . </P> <P> Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park , nestled in Live Oak , Florida , with 3 miles of the Suwannee river bordering the park , hosts over 25 diverse , fun events throughout the year . AURA Music and Arts Festival , Suwannee Hulaween , Wanee Music Festival , Springfest , Suwannee Festival of Lights , and Suwannee River Jam are some of these annual festivals . The park offers multiple stages , miles of trails and over 800 acres ( 3.2 km ) for camping , hiking , canoe and kayak rentals on the river , horseback riding , a restaurant and country store . Besides a variety of other flora and fauna it includes a large bat house which has become a home to an increasing number of bats . </P> <P> The Cornett family has been making improvements to the park to enhance and improve its entertainment , hiking , canoeing , camping and other activities . The park offers varied camping options including primitive camping , RV camping and furnished park models . A tree house is also available for different occasions and events . </P> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2007 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Coordinates : 30 ° 23 ′ 40 '' N 82 ° 56 ′ 38 '' W  /  30.39444 ° N 82.94389 ° W  / 30.39444 ; - 82.94389 </P> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_the_Suwannee_Music_Park&oldid=739207731 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Parks in Suwannee County , Florida </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with a promotional tone from December 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles with a promotional tone </Li> <Li> Articles lacking sources from January 2007 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking sources </Li> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 13 September 2016 , at 11 : 17 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is owned by

Who owns spirit of the suwannee music park?

583026970021621830

Marie Van Brittan Brown - Wikipedia <H1> Marie Van Brittan Brown </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Marie Van Brittan Brown </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1922 - 10 - 30 ) 30 October 1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 2 February 1999 ( 1999 - 02 - 02 ) ( aged 76 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Marie Van Brittan Brown ( October 30 , 1922 -- February 2 , 1999 ) was an African - American inventor , becoming the originator of the home security system ( patent number 3,482,037 ) in 1966 , along with her husband Albert Brown , a patent was granted in 1969 . Brown was born in Jamaica , Queens , New York ; she died there at the age of 76 . </P> <P> Brown 's system had a set of four peep - holes and a camera that could slide up and down to look at each one . Anything and everything the camera picked up would appear on a monitor . Also , a resident could unlatch the door by remote control . Although the system was originally intended for domestic uses , many businesses began to adopt her system due to its effectiveness . For her invention she received an award from the National Science Committee . </P> <P> The system included a device that enabled a homeowner to use a television set to view the person at the door and hear the caller 's voice . Brown cited the inspiration for her invention as the long time it would take for police to arrive at a house after being called by residents . </P> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Social Security Death Index </Li> <Li> United States Patent Office </Li> <Li> Black Stars : African American Women Scientists and Inventors , by Sullivan et al. , publ . Jossey - Bass , 2001 , ISBN 0 - 471 - 38707 - X </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Marie Van Brittan Brown biography at African American Registry . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Inventor Marie Van Brittan Brown born African American Registry '' . www.aaregistry.org . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Webster , Raymond B. ( 1999 ) . African American firsts in science & technology . Detroit ( u.a. ) : Gale . p. 127 . ISBN 0787638765 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article about an American scientist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Van_Brittan_Brown&oldid=817537733 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1922 births </Li> <Li> 1999 deaths </Li> <Li> American inventors </Li> <Li> Women inventors </Li> <Li> African - American inventors </Li> <Li> American scientist stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from December 2010 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Português </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 29 December 2017 , at 01 : 23 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The inventor of the first home video security system was

Who invented the first home video security system?

-1715459847782748773

90th Academy Awards - wikipedia <H1> 90th Academy Awards </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 90th Academy Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Official poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> March 4 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Site </Th> <Td> Dolby Theatre Hollywood , Los Angeles , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hosted by </Th> <Td> Jimmy Kimmel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Michael De Luca Jennifer Todd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Glenn Weiss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> TV in the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Network </Th> <Td> ABC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ← 89th </Li> <Li> Academy Awards </Li> <Li> 91st → </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 90th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , will honor the best films of 2017 and will take place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California at 5 : 00 p.m. PST on March 4 , 2018 . The ceremony will take place after its usual late - February date to avoid conflicting with the 2018 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS will present Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony will be televised in the United States by ABC , produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd and directed by Glenn Weiss . Comedian Jimmy Kimmel will host for a second consecutive year , making Kimmel the first person to host back - to - back ceremonies since Billy Crystal in 1997 and 1998 . </P> <P> In related events , the Academy held its 9th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 11 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Schedule <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Governors Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Ceremony information </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Schedule ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Event </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Friday , January 12 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Nominations polls close </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tuesday , January 23 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Nominations announced </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Monday , February 5 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Nominees Luncheon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saturday , February 10 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Scientific and Technical Achievement Awards presentation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tuesday , February 20 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Final voting begins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tuesday , February 27 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Final polls close </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sunday , March 4 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 90th Annual Academy Awards presentation </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Governors Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Academy held its ninth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 11 , 2017 , during which the following awards were presented : </P> <Dl> <Dt> Academy Honorary Awards </Dt> </Dl> Main article : Academy Honorary Award <Ul> <Li> Agnès Varda -- French film director , writer , editor and producer . </Li> <Li> Charles Burnett -- American director , writer , producer , editor and cinematographer . </Li> <Li> Donald Sutherland -- Canadian actor . </Li> <Li> Owen Roizman -- American cinematographer . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Special Achievement Academy Award </Dt> </Dl> Main article : Special Achievement Academy Award <Ul> <Li> Alejandro González Iñárritu for his virtual reality project Carne y arena . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Ceremony information ( edit ) </H2> <P> On December 4 , 2017 , it was announced that the ceremony and its pre-show 's timings has been changed and are scheduled to broadcast a half - hour earlier than prior telecasts . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Academy Award portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 45th Annie Awards </Li> <Li> 71st British Academy Film Awards </Li> <Li> 23rd Critics ' Choice Awards </Li> <Li> 75th Golden Globe Awards </Li> <Li> 38th Golden Raspberry Awards </Li> <Li> 21st Hollywood Film Awards </Li> <Li> 33rd Independent Spirit Awards </Li> <Li> 22nd Satellite Awards </Li> <Li> 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards </Li> <Li> List of submissions to the 90th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 90TH ANNUAL ACADEMY AWARDS '' . Retrieved December 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Josh Rottenberg . `` Academy Awards dates set through 2021 ; Winter Olympics bump 2018 Oscars to March '' . Los Angeles Times . Tronc . Retrieved December 2 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thompson , Anne ( May 16 , 2017 ) . `` Oscar Host Jimmy Kimmel , Producers Return for Academy Awards 2018 '' . IndieWire . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved April 5 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thompson , Anne ( May 16 , 2017 ) . `` Jimmy Kimmel Returning to Host the 2018 Oscars '' . Collider . Complex . Retrieved May 17 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Goldstein , Micheline ( September 6 , 2017 ) . `` The Academy to Honor Charles Burnett , Owen Roizman , Donald Sutherland and Agnes Varda with Oscars at 2017 Governors Awards '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Archived from the original on December 27 , 2017 . Retrieved December 27 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hipes , Patrick ( April 4 , 2017 ) . `` Oscars Dates Set For 2018 And Beyond '' . Deadline.com . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved April 5 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tapley , Kristopher ( 2017 - 09 - 06 ) . `` Oscars : Charles Burnett , Owen Roizman , Donald Sutherland , Agnes Varda Set for Academy 's Governors Awards '' . Variety . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Agnes Varda '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Charles Burnett '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Donald Sutherland '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Owen Roizman '' . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Alejandro González Iñárritu 's incredible VR experience is getting a special Oscar award '' . The Verge . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Inarritu awarded Oscar for VR show '' . BBC News . October 28 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dove , Steve ( December 4 , 2017 ) . `` New broadcast time for the 90th Oscar announced '' . Oscar . Retrieved December 6 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Oscars Will Start 30 Minutes Earlier This Year '' . PopCulture.com . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 06 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Academy Awards official website </Li> <Li> The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences official website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Academy Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> Most wins per ceremony </Li> <Li> Oscar season </Li> <Li> Governors Awards </Li> <Li> Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting </Li> <Li> Pre-show </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Awards of Merit </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Best Picture </Li> <Li> Director </Li> <Li> Actor </Li> <Li> Actress </Li> <Li> Supporting Actor </Li> <Li> Supporting Actress </Li> <Li> Adapted Screenplay </Li> <Li> Original Screenplay </Li> <Li> Animated Feature </Li> <Li> Documentary Feature </Li> <Li> Foreign Language Film </Li> <Li> Animated Short Film </Li> <Li> Documentary Short Subject </Li> <Li> Live Action Short Film </Li> <Li> Cinematography </Li> <Li> Costume Design </Li> <Li> Film Editing </Li> <Li> Makeup and Hairstyling </Li> <Li> Original Score </Li> <Li> Original Song </Li> <Li> Production Design </Li> <Li> Sound Editing </Li> <Li> Sound Mixing </Li> <Li> Visual Effects </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Special awards </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Governors Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Academy Honorary Award </Li> <Li> Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award </Li> <Li> Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award </Li> <Li> Special Achievement Academy Award </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Academy Scientific and Technical Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Academy Award of Merit ( non-competitive ) </Li> <Li> Scientific and Engineering Award </Li> <Li> Technical Achievement Award </Li> <Li> John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation </Li> <Li> Gordon E. Sawyer Award </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Student Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Student Academy Award </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former awards </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Merit Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Assistant Director </Li> <Li> Dance Direction </Li> <Li> Director of a Comedy Picture </Li> <Li> Engineering Effects </Li> <Li> Short Subject , Two - reel </Li> <Li> Short Subject , Comedy </Li> <Li> Short Subject , Novelty </Li> <Li> Story </Li> <Li> Title Writing </Li> <Li> Unique and Artistic Quality of Production </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Special Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Academy Juvenile Award </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ceremonies ‡ <Ul> <Li> ( List </Li> <Li> Book ) </Li> </Ul> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1927 / 28 </Li> <Li> 1928 / 29 </Li> <Li> 1929 / 30 </Li> <Li> 1930 / 31 </Li> <Li> 1931 / 32 </Li> <Li> 1932 / 33 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1937 </Li> <Li> 1938 </Li> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1941 </Li> <Li> 1942 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> <Li> 1946 </Li> <Li> 1947 </Li> <Li> 1948 </Li> <Li> 1949 </Li> <Li> 1950 </Li> <Li> 1951 </Li> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1953 </Li> <Li> 1954 </Li> <Li> 1955 </Li> <Li> 1956 </Li> <Li> 1957 </Li> <Li> 1958 </Li> <Li> 1959 </Li> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1963 </Li> <Li> 1964 </Li> <Li> 1965 </Li> <Li> 1966 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> 1970 </Li> <Li> 1971 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1973 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1977 </Li> <Li> 1978 </Li> <Li> 1979 </Li> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1981 </Li> <Li> 1982 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> 1985 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Footnotes </Th> <Td> ‡ Dates and years listed for each ceremony were the eligibility period of film release in Los Angeles County , California . For the first five ceremonies , the eligibility period was done on a seasonal basis , from August to July . For the 6th ceremony held in 1934 , the eligibility period lasted from August 1 , 1932 to December 31 , 1933 . Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935 , the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> Portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=90th_Academy_Awards&oldid=819484357 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Academy

The 2018 Oscar nominations will be announced on

When will the 2018 oscar nominations be announced?

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£ 25 item marked , Floss accuses Joseph of having the opportunity to steal when he was in the garden . When Floss presents a letter from Jody 's brother Kingsley , Jody reveals that he wrote for money , giving her motive to steal . Alex retells the day he was abandoned by his mum outside his dad 's work . The young people who are acting as a jury deliberate who took the money and Ryan is determined to convince them Jody and Joseph are guilty . When the jury are about to give their verdict , Joseph tells them that Floss told her to blame Floss . When Finn returns back , Mike finds a note on him saying that he owes £ 25 , which he used to replace Alex 's ornament . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Where You Belong '' </Td> <Td> Simon Massey </Td> <Td> Furquan Akhtar </Td> <Td> 1 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 0.23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Dexter is overseeing some of the young people cleaning the minibus . May - Li is annoyed with the mess and is further annoyed when she is soaked by the young people and Mike playing with water guns and buckets of water . Mike tells off Jody , Ryan , Sasha and Alex when they cause mess and Ryan suggests they use Mike and May - Li arguing to their advantage . The young people complain about Dexter bossing them about and being selfish and Charlie joins Floss , Finn and Archie with a game of badminton . Dexter annoys Floss and Candi - Rose by taking the tablet why they are using it and Dexter decides he wants to get his own . Whilst Mike is doing May - Li 's appraisal , May - Li complains about the young people 's behaviour and out of frustration , Mike notes down May - Li 's worst qualities . Ryan reads what Mike has wrote and shares it with Jody and Sasha , which May - Li overhears and May - Li is hurt . Dexter is fired by the young people and Ryan owns up to what he said to Jody and Sasha . The young people make a meal for Mike and May - Li to talk and when May - Li does n't believe things are progressing , Mike asks if she is quitting and May - Li furiously agrees to quit . When the others find out , Charlie tells May - Li that she and Mike are the closest they all have to a mum and dad and the young people tell May - Li they do n't want her to go . May - Li takes back what she said and explains that she and Mike lost their tempers . Mike shows May - Li his positive appraisal and May - Li joins in in a water fight . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 88 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` # SaveTheDG '' </Td> <Td> Steve Brett </Td> <Td> Dawn Harrison </Td> <Td> 8 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mike comes across a letter from a development firm in the garden and everyone is horrified to learn that they are planning to knock The Dumping Ground down and build flats . When Mike is told they received a written notice , Taz reveals she hid the post . After a visit to the council , Mike and Tyler tell everyone the decision was taken to close The Dumping Ground was down to money . Candi - Rose frets to May - Li about her needs in another placement and wants to be with Chloe . May - Li tells Mike there was a meeting about the development , which she thought was for care leavers . Sasha posts a vlog whilst the others go through contacting old residents , Joseph does things online and Tyler does the PR . Charlie explains where the young people would go if The Dumping Ground was shut and Candi - Rose encourages Chloe to write a letter to her social worker to make sure they stay together . When there 's a visit by the mayor , Ryan borrows Mike 's MBE to help keep The Dumping Ground open , but Alex eggs the Mayor and Peter and the pair of them are returned to Mike after being told they could have been charged with public disorder . The Dumping Ground appears on the news and Mike is horrified that Peter is head of building planning and Janet exaggerates the young people 's behaviour . Everyone 's delighted when Tee and Johnny visit to help save The Dumping Ground and they suggest spreading it online , but Joseph suggests crowdfunding to buy The Dumping Ground . Chloe decides she should go to London to see the royal family and the young people decide to sacrifice their Christmas money . Tyler finds out from Peter that contracts are being signed in a week whilst the young people talk Mike and May - Li through their crowdfunding idea . Mike 's MBE goes missing , as does the money and Mike proceeds to searching the young people 's bedrooms whilst the young people put up Christmas decorations . Candi - Rose is revealed to be the one to have taken the MBE , admitting that she took it because she fears being separated from Chloe and Mike reports the money missing to the police . Alex is taken to the station by the police after matching a description of someone breaking in and Peter reveals that the sale has been brought forward to the following day due to the management of The Dumping Ground . Tee texts Elektra , who leaves a garage on her motorbike . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 89 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` What Lies Beneath '' </Td> <Td> Steve Brett </Td> <Td> Dawn Harrison </Td> <Td> 15 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Elektra returns to The Dumping Ground and greets everyone before sarcastically insulting the Umblebys . The Umblebys receive an email about the sale being put on hold due to the reports of Roman remains on the site , which the young people , Mike and May - Li are delighted about . Peter comes across Frank at the council whilst trying to find the boss , but Frank tells him his boss is away and is working on the site report . Elektra emerges when Peter leaves , unimpresssed with how things are going . Alex overhears Peter and Janet discussing their own hired archaeological expert , who he will bribe with money to get his own way . Tyler , Jody and Alex find Frank in the garden taking photos and realises that everything about the Roman remains is a scam and Elektra is in on it . The young people decide to buy Roman coins to fake Roman remains and Floss talks to Janet , who confides in Floss that Edward was forced to go to music college by Peter . At the museum , Jody stops Alex from stealing a Roman artefact . When the TV journalist arrives to film the news on the Roman remains , she exposes it as a con when she finds one of the coins that is professionally cleaned . May - Li tells Chloe and Candi - Rose they can not be placed together as the placement suitable for Chloe and Ryan is where Candi - Rose used to live . Finn does n't want to be in a foster family and Floss wants Elektra to foster her , but May - Li insists Finn and Floss are going to live with foster families . Frank and Tyler look into Peter 's plans and realise that Peter and Janet will gain a luxury house for the development . Mike cooks Christmas dinner for the young people and Mike tries to encourage happiness amongst the young people . Janet returns the stolen money to Tyler and the theft was arranged by Peter . Janet tells Tyler that she wants to remain where she is and Tyler gets Frank to search something . Mike tricks Peter inside and the young people tell him they know he is getting a new house . Peter gives in and the young people celebrate Christmas and Tee and Elektra realise that they always had family Christmases . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 20 January 2017 CBBC schedule '' . BBC . 9 January 2017 . Retrieved 9 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CBBC Productions announce new commissions and recommissions '' . BBC Media Centre . 11 February 2016 . Retrieved 9 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The Dumping Ground Heroes And Villains '' . BBC . 29 September 2017 . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 4 - 1 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 26 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 2 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 26 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 1 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground Series 5 Episode 2 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 3 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 28 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 3 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 4 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 2 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 4 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 5 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 5 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 5 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 6 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 5 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 6 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 7 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 13 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 7 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 8 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 20 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 8 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 9 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 9 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 10 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 6 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 10 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 11 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 18 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 11 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Dumping Ground Series 5 - 12 '' . Radio Times . 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dumping Ground - Series 5 Episode 12 - CBBC on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ``

The new series of The Dumping Ground is scheduled to be released on

When is the new dumping ground coming out 2017?

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Sebastian Shaw ( actor ) - wikipedia <H1> Sebastian Shaw ( actor ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sebastian Shaw </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Shaw in a 1979 episode of Rumpole of the Bailey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Sebastian Lewis Shaw ( 1905 - 05 - 29 ) 29 May 1905 Holt , Norfolk , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 23 December 1994 ( 1994 - 12 - 23 ) ( aged 89 ) Brighton , Sussex , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> Slade School of Fine Art </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Actor </Li> <Li> director </Li> <Li> novelist </Li> <Li> playwright </Li> <Li> poet </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1914 -- 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Margaret Kate S Wellesley Lynn ( stage name Delamere ) ( 1929 -- 1956 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sebastian Lewis Shaw ( 29 May 1905 -- 23 December 1994 ) was an English actor , director , novelist , playwright and poet . During his 65 - year career , he appeared in dozens of stage performances and more than 40 film and television productions . </P> <P> Shaw was born and brought up in Holt , Norfolk , and made his acting debut at age eight at a London theatre . He studied acting at Gresham 's School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . Although he worked primarily on the London stage , he made his Broadway debut in 1929 , when he played one of the two murderers in Rope 's End . He appeared in his first film , Caste , in 1930 and quickly began to create a name for himself in films . He described himself as a `` rotten actor '' as a youth and said his success was primarily due to his good looks . He claimed to mature as a performer only after returning from service in the Royal Air Force during World War II . </P> <P> Shaw was particularly known for his performances in productions of Shakespeare plays which were considered daring and ahead of their time . In 1966 , he joined the Royal Shakespeare Company , where he remained for a decade and delivered some of his most acclaimed performances . He also wrote several poems and a novel , The Christening , in 1975 . He is also known for his brief but important performance in Return of the Jedi , the original third installment in the Star Wars franchise , in which he portrayed an unmasked and redeemed Anakin Skywalker ( formerly Darth Vader ) , and his ghost in the original version of the film . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life and career </Li> <Li> 2 World War II and post-war career </Li> <Li> 3 Royal Shakespeare Company </Li> <Li> 4 Writing career </Li> <Li> 5 Return of the Jedi </Li> <Li> 6 Later career and death </Li> <Li> 7 TV and filmography </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early Life and career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Shaw was one of three children born to Dr. Geoffrey Shaw , the music master at Gresham 's School , a Norfolk independent boarding school , where Shaw began his education . His uncle , Martin Shaw , was a composer of church music , and his family 's love of music heavily influenced Shaw 's career path . Shaw made his acting debut at age eight on the London stage as one of the juvenile band in The Cockyolly Bird at the Royal Court Theatre in Chelsea on New Year 's Day of 1914 . During his time at Gresham 's , he also played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew , his first of many performances from the works of William Shakespeare ; schoolmate W.H. Auden , who would go on to become a highly regarded poet , portrayed Katherina in the play opposite him . After Gresham 's , Shaw planned to become a painter and spent two years at the Slade School of Fine Art before switching his interests to acting ; regarding the change , his father informed him , `` I wondered when you would come to your senses . '' He earned a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in Bloomsbury , London . Actor Charles Laughton enrolled in the Academy at the same time as Shaw , who later said his first impression of Laughton was `` a poor fat boy '' . Although Shaw and his fellow students initially felt pity for Laughton , they were quickly impressed with his talent . </P> A young Sebastian Shaw <P> Shaw appeared in regional theatres in Bristol , Liverpool and Hull . In 1925 , he performed in London as the Archangel in The Sign of the Sun , and played first Lewis Dodd and then the Major in separate productions of The Constant Nymph . He received instruction in verse speaking under famed theatre director William Bridges - Adams in the Stratford Festival Company at Stratford - upon - Avon , where he played some of his early Shakespeare roles , including Romeo in Romeo and Juliet , Ferdinand in The Tempest and Prince Hal in Henry IV in 1926 . He was criticised for the audacity he displayed in the latter role . When Prince Hal takes on his kingship and rejects the self - indulgent character Falstaff , convention of the day called for Prince Hal to change from a jovial drinking partner to an arrogant snob , but Shaw saw the view as simple - minded and contradictory toward Shakespeare 's script . Instead , he displayed inward regrets about leaving Falstaff and accepting the new responsibilities . The interpretation was criticised at the time but , years later , became the standard approach to the character . </P> <P> Shaw made his Broadway debut in 1929 , when he played the murderer Wyndham Brandon in Patrick Hamilton 's stage thriller , Rope 's End . In 1929 , he married Margaret Delamere and lived with her in the Albany , an apartment complex off of Piccadilly in London . The two would eventually have a daughter together named Drusilla ( born 1932 ) . He returned to the works of William Shakespeare in 1931 , playing Claudio in Measure for Measure at London 's Fortune Playhouse . In 1932 he once again played Romeo at the Embassy Theatre . Other works around this period included productions of Ivor Novello 's Sunshine Sisters in 1933 , Double Door alongside actress Sybil Thorndike in 1934 , J.M. Barrie 's A Kiss for Cinderella in 1937 , and Robert Morley 's Goodness , How Sad in 1938 . </P> <P> The first film Shaw appeared in was Caste in 1930 . He soon began to make a name for himself in films such as Brewster 's Millions in 1935 , Men Are Not Gods in 1936 and Farewell Again in 1937 . He was making about £ 300 a week during this stage of his career , a significant sum higher than the salary of the British Prime Minister of the time . He brought what the Daily Telegraph described as a `` smooth villainy '' to the role of Frank Sutton in The Squeaker in 1937 , while in 1939 he played the hero Cmdr . David Blacklock alongside Conrad Veidt and Valerie Hobson in The Spy in Black , Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger 's first collaboration . Shaw described himself as a film buff and called Academy Award - winning actor Spencer Tracy his `` great god of all screen actors '' ; he was so impressed by Tracy 's technique that he claimed to become depressed while watching his films because Tracy made acting look simple , while Shaw claimed to find it so difficult to master himself . </P> <H2> World War II and post-war career ( edit ) </H2> <P> When World War II broke out , Shaw took a break from acting and joined the Royal Air Force . He was commissioned as an Acting - Pilot Officer on probation in the Administrative and Special Duties Branch on 25 April 1941 and over the next three months was promoted to Pilot Officer on probation , then Flying Officer and then Flight Lieutenant . According to his obituary in the Guardian , he saw little action in the service and was told the only chance he would have to fly would be as a rear gunner . Some of his fellow airmen hounded Shaw for autographs while others mocked his posh accent , to which he retaliated with an excellent and unflattering imitation of their less refined speech . He continued to hold a Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve commission after the war until he resigned the commission on 10 February 1954 ; he was permitted to retain his rank . </P> <P> Immediately upon returning to London after the war , Shaw lost his Albany flat and his acting contract , and essentially had to restart his acting career . Although he made 20 films before the war and had already begun to develop a reputation as a strong leading man , in later years he would describe himself as `` a rotten actor '' in the 1930s who landed roles based mainly on his good looks . He used the phrase `` a piece of cinema beefcake '' to describe himself as an actor during that period . He felt that after his return home from military service , he learned to act properly and began to mature as a performer . Shaw 's Royal Air Force experience was put to good use when he played a pilot in Journey Together , the 1946 RAF training film in which actor Edward G. Robinson coached actor Richard Attenborough in the rudiments of flying . </P> <P> In 1945 , Shaw returned to the Embassy Theatre to direct Fyodor Dostoevsky 's The Gambler . Significant theatre roles that decade included Hercules in The Thracian Horses at the Lyric Theatre , Hammersmith in 1946 , Mr. Hern - Lawrence in Florida Scott - Maxwell 's experimental I Said to Myself at the Mercury Theatre , Notting Hill Gate in 1947 , Sir James Kirkham in His Excellency at Prince 's Theatre in 1950 , and Filmer Jesson , MP , in Arthur Wing Pinero 's His House In Order at New Theatre in 1951 . In 1956 , he played the title role in the first British production of Hugo von Hofmannsthal 's Everyman . That same year , he wrote the lyrics to his father 's ballad - opera , All at Sea , which played at the Royal College of Music . In 1957 , he played Lucifer in Brother Lucifer in Shrewsbury , Shropshire , and a sinister Venetian agent in Jonathan Griffin 's The Hidden King in Edinburgh . </P> <P> As Shaw grew older , his reputation as a dramatic actor grew stronger , and he became known for a sharp intelligence and dignified style . Although his good looks diminished , reviewers felt that he used his florid and weatherbeaten face well in evoking grandeur and self - assuredness in such roles as generals , priests and his familiar Shakespearean parts . In 1956 , his wife Margaret Delamere died ; she was survived by their daughter Drusilla . Shaw began a romantic relationship in the mid-1950s with Joan Ingpen , the well - known classical music and opera talent agent who had previously represented him . The two were romantically involved , to the point that she took his surname , until Shaw 's death . During the 1980s , however , Shaw also had a brief relationship with Harriet Ravenscroft , the mother of the disc jockey John Peel , whom he

The person under the mask of Darth Vader is

Who is under the mask of darth vader?

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, 2016 . The fifth season premiered on January 3 , 2017 and ended with the mid-season finale on March 14 , 2017 . On January 30 , 2017 , the series was given an additional 44 - episode order . The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20 , 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12 , 2017 . </P> <P> On November 21 , 2017 , the series was renewed for a sixth season , which premiered on January 9 , 2018 . On March 13 , 2018 , OWN announced of the show 's return of the sixth season to premiere on May 1 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Haves </Li> <Li> 2.2 The Have Nots </Li> <Li> 2.3 Other main characters </Li> <Li> 2.4 Recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 3.2 Angela Robinson ( Veronica Harrington ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ratings and broadcast history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Haves and the Have Nots episodes <P> The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah , Georgia : the rich , powerful , and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families ( dubbed `` The Haves '' ) and the poor and destitute Young family ( dubbed `` The Have Nots '' ) . The Young family is headed by Hanna , a single mother who works as the Cryer family 's maid and also serves as the best friend and confidante of the lady of the house , Katheryn . Included as part of The Have Nots is another maid of the Cryer family 's , Celine Gonzales . While the Young family versus the Cryer and Harrington families lead polar opposite lifestyles in terms of social class , economics , social status , and surroundings , they are each similar in that they lead exceedingly dysfunctional lifestyles . </P> <P> Each of the three families experience similarly overwhelming hardships and plights . Often , the plights , predicaments , and hardships that the three families encounter are of a juicy , scandalous , and controversial nature . Among the serious issues that have been tackled on the program to date have included : infidelity , cancer , substance abuse , homosexuality , suicide , prostitution , poverty , rape , law / crime , abortion , religion / Christianity , politics , and mental health . All of the main characters in the program have proven to be devious , immoral , vile , or at least nasty in their behaviors at one point or another , if not regularly . </P> <P> The show 's cast is multiracial : one of the upper class families are Caucasian American and the other is African American ; the poor family is also African American ; in addition to this , there is a poor maid who 's Hispanic . To that end , when Angela Robinson ( the actress who plays Veronica Harrington ) was interviewed about her new role on the series in late June 2013 , she stated , `` This is one of the only shows on television with a diverse cast that looks like America : Black , White , Latino , straight , gay , rich , and poor . '' The characters are filled with experiences , typically of a serious and shocking nature , that they attempt to keep secret from one another ; however , their secrets tend to dramatically come to light when all is said and done . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Character </Th> <Th colspan="6"> Seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tika Sumpter </Td> <Td> Candace Young </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Crystal Fox </Td> <Td> Hanna Young </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Renee Lawless </Td> <Td> Katheryn Cryer </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tyler Lepley </Td> <Td> Benjamin `` Benny '' Young </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jaclyn Betham </Td> <Td> Amanda Cryer </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Does not appear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aaron O'Connell </Td> <Td> Wyatt Cryer </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Peter Parros </Td> <Td> David Harrington </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angela Robinson </Td> <Td> Veronica Harrington </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gavin Houston </Td> <Td> Jeffrey Harrington </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eva Tamargo </Td> <Td> Celine Gonzales </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Schneider </Td> <Td> James `` Jim '' Cryer </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allison McAtee </Td> <Td> Margaret `` Maggie '' Day </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Recurring </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shari Headley </Td> <Td> Jennifer Sallison </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Recurring </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jon Chaffin </Td> <Td> Warlock `` War '' Lewis </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brett Davis </Td> <Td> Mitchell `` Mitch '' Malone </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Presilah Nunez </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danielle Deadwyler </Td> <Td> La'Quita `` Quita '' Maxwell </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nicholas James </Td> <Td> Justin Lewis </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Does not appear </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nick Sagar </Td> <Td> Charles Frederickson </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antoinette Robertson </Td> <Td> Melissa </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Main </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> The Haves ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Cryer family </P> <Ul> <Li> James `` Jim '' Cryer ( John Schneider ) : The take - charge but destructively thoughtless patriarch of the Cryer family , and a Savannah criminal courts judge who has his eyes set on becoming Governor of Georgia . A major reason for Jim 's rising to where he 's at professionally and socioeconomically is because of Katheryn 's family . Although a kind - hearted and sensitive man at heart , Jim 's urges , vices , greed , and self - preservation often get the better of him and cause him to act rashly , disloyally , destructively inconsiderate , and even abusively as far as his rank and power . Given his position as a wealthy judge in high society , Jim has certain dirty measures at his disposal from which to gain the upper hand on anyone that crosses him . Jim often uses the catchphrase `` I 'll handle it '' as a signal of his taking to such measures . His wife , Katheryn , is all too well aware of his power to gain the upper hand and fight dirty , sometimes even instructing Jim to resort to his foul play tactics by telling him to `` handle it . '' </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> Jim 's power plays and abuse are generally used when desperate times call for desperate measures . Although they 're moves that are devoid of all scruples , he has typically only used them as scare tactics unless gravely offended by an act . These drastic lengths Jim has gone to typically call for the bringing in of reinforcements and people who owe him debts ; for example , he has a history of setting his secret army of thugs ( `` The Malones '' ) in action so as to get his way in particularly trying circumstances . Jim has a gruff , abrasive nature about him and can be headstrong and obstinate in getting things done . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> Highlighting Jim 's dirtiness , he has knowingly covered for his son Wyatt 's constructive manslaughter of a 6 - year - old girl and serious injury of Hanna 's son Benny . All the while doing this , he contemptuously informed Hanna of his intentions of being dishonest as to Wyatt 's culpability in the matter ; he then followed this by having Hanna falsely arrested and jailed . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> Jim is also philandering and two - timing , having a long , elaborate history of cheating on his wife . He and Katheryn are n't close anymore because of it . However , they present themselves to the public as having a strong and loving marriage . No sooner than they 're left in private , however , do they both shift into their surly attitudes towards one another , exchanging sardonic remarks between each other . Among the many women Jim has had affairs with is Candace . Out of all the women he has had affairs with ( one of which was his own employee , Celine Gonzales , who wants him back ) , Jim finds himself most intrigued by Candace , acting with reckless abandonment in his extramarital affairs with her . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> Jim is incorrigible and always seems to submit to his vices and negative ways . While Jim is harsh and rough in his parenting of Wyatt ( who seems to have the scruples that his father lacks ) , he 's more gentle and tactful in his parenting of his daughter Amanda , because of how `` fragile '' he perceives her to be . It is later revealed that Jim has two more children with Celine , a grown son named `` Carlos '' and a 7 - year - old boy named after Jim . Despite his anger at Hanna , after she puts him in his place , he does allow her to comfort him after he breaks down in Amanda 's room . Much later , Jim finds out that Veronica Harrington had Wyatt raped in prison . Thoroughly enraged after his confrontation with her husband , David , Jim orders a bloodbath , with Officer Terrell , Professor Cannon ( Amanda 's rapist ) , and Veronica being the targets of his latest revenge . One of Jim 's arch - enemies is assistant District Attorney , Jennifer Sallison . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Katheryn Cryer ( née Hargrave ) ( Renee Lawless ) : Katheryn is Jim 's deeply warm , sensitive , caring but highly passive - aggressive wife . Katheryn often displays her anger , hatred , bitterness , and stress in a suppressed but still very detectable fashion . She is filled with melancholy , rancor , and sullen indignation primarily as result of the various trials and tribulations brought upon her as it relates to her family , particularly her husband . Due to Katheryn 's overwhelming stress , un-forthcoming nature , and tendency to hold her feelings in , she has been known to express herself in ways that are unhealthy , passive - aggressive , at times even volatile and explosive . Her reputation in the community has been a major reason for her restraint and unhealthy expressions of pent - up rage . A prime example of this is in Katheryn 's attempts to keep her bout with breast cancer away from everyone . As a result , she was constantly snapping on her maid , Hanna , but once she finally opened up to Hanna about what was going on , the two developed a close bond . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> An

The role of Justin on the TV show "The Haves and the Have Nots" is played by

Who plays justin on the haves and the have nots?

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List of New Orleans Saints starting quarterbacks - wikipedia <H1> List of New Orleans Saints starting quarterbacks </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> NFL lists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Current season ( show ) <Ul> <Li> 2017 season </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarterbacks ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Starting quarterbacks by touchdowns / touchdowns ( playoffs ) / yardage / 5000 yard seasons / completion / wins <Ul> <Li> by team BUF </Li> <Li> MIA </Li> <Li> NE </Li> <Li> NYJ </Li> <Li> BAL </Li> <Li> CIN </Li> <Li> CLE </Li> <Li> PIT </Li> <Li> HOU </Li> <Li> IND </Li> <Li> JAX </Li> <Li> TEN </Li> <Li> DEN </Li> <Li> KC </Li> <Li> LAC </Li> <Li> OAK </Li> <Li> DAL </Li> <Li> NYG </Li> <Li> PHI </Li> <Li> WAS </Li> <Li> CHI </Li> <Li> DET </Li> <Li> GB </Li> <Li> MIN </Li> <Li> ATL </Li> <Li> CAR </Li> <Li> NO </Li> <Li> TB </Li> <Li> ARI </Li> <Li> LAR </Li> <Li> SF </Li> <Li> SEA </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Most wins </Li> <Li> Playoff records </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Most consecutive starts </Li> <Li> Most consecutive games with touchdown pass </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Win -- loss records 2012 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Running backs ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Career rushing attempts leaders </Li> <Li> Career rushing yards leaders </Li> <Li> Career rushing touchdowns leaders </Li> <Li> Annual rushing yards leaders </Li> <Li> Annual rushing touchdowns leaders </Li> <Li> 2,000 - yard club </Li> <Li> 1,000 - yard duos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Receivers ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Career receptions leaders </Li> <Li> Career receiving yards leaders </Li> <Li> Career receiving touchdowns leaders </Li> <Li> Annual receptions leaders </Li> <Li> Annual receiving yards leaders </Li> <Li> Annual receiving touchdowns leaders </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defense ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Career sacks leaders </Li> <Li> Annual sacks leaders </Li> <Li> Career interceptions leaders </Li> <Li> Annual interceptions leaders </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Special teams ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Longest field goals </Li> <Li> Career field goals leaders </Li> <Li> Career punting yards leaders </Li> <Li> Career punt return yards leaders </Li> <Li> Career kickoff return yards leaders </Li> <Li> Annual field goals leaders </Li> <Li> Annual punting yards leaders </Li> <Li> Annual punt return yards leaders </Li> <Li> Annual kickoff return yards leaders </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other lists ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Most consecutive starts ( and games played ) </Li> <Li> Career all - purpose yards leaders </Li> <Li> Career scoring leaders </Li> <Li> Brett Favre 's career achievements </Li> <Li> Peyton Manning 's career achievements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Drew Brees ( 2006 -- present ) <P> These quarterbacks have started at least one game for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League . They are listed in order of the date of each player 's first start at quarterback for the Saints . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Starting quarterbacks <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Regular season </Li> <Li> 1.2 Postseason </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Most games as starting quarterback </Li> <Li> 3 Team career passing records </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Starting quarterbacks ( edit ) </H2> Luke McCown ( 2015 ) Aaron Brooks ( 2000 -- 2005 ) Archie Manning ( 1971 -- 1975 , 1977 -- 1981 ) <P> The number of games they started during the season is listed to the right : </P> <H3> Regular season ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season ( s ) </Th> <Th> Quarterback ( s ) </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 15 ) / Luke McCown ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 15 ) / Mark Brunell ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Aaron Brooks ( 13 ) / Todd Bouman ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Aaron Brooks ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Aaron Brooks ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Aaron Brooks ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Aaron Brooks ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Jeff Blake ( 11 ) / Aaron Brooks ( 5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Billy Joe Tolliver ( 7 ) / Billy Joe Hobert ( 7 ) / Jake Delhomme ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Kerry Collins ( 7 ) / Danny Wuerffel ( 4 ) / Billy Joe Tolliver ( 4 ) / Billy Joe Hobert ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Heath Shuler ( 9 ) / Billy Joe Hobert ( 4 ) / Danny Wuerffel ( 2 ) / Doug Nussmeier ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jim Everett ( 15 ) / Doug Nussmeier ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Jim Everett ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Jim Everett ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Wade Wilson ( 14 ) / Mike Buck ( 1 ) / Steve Walsh ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 9 ) / Steve Walsh ( 7 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Steve Walsh ( 11 ) / John Fourcade ( 5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 13 ) / John Fourcade ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 12 ) / John Fourcade ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Dave Wilson ( 13 ) / Bobby Hebert ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Dave Wilson ( 10 ) / Bobby Hebert ( 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Richard Todd ( 14 ) / Dave Wilson ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ken Stabler ( 14 ) / Dave Wilson ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Ken Stabler ( 8 ) / Guido Merkens ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 11 ) / Dave Wilson ( 4 ) / Bobby Scott ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 9 ) / Bobby Scott ( 3 ) / Bobby Douglass ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Bobby Scott ( 8 ) / Bobby Douglass ( 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 13 ) / Larry Cipa ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 11 ) / Larry Cipa ( 2 ) / Bobby Scott ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 13 ) / Bobby Scott ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Archie Manning ( 10 ) / Edd Hargett ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Billy Kilmer ( 11 ) / Edd Hargett ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Billy Kilmer ( 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Billy Kilmer ( 11 ) / Karl Sweetan ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Gary Cuozzo ( 10 ) / Billy Kilmer ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Postseason ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Quarterback ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 0 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Steve Walsh ( 0 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 0 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Bobby Hebert ( 0 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Aaron Brooks ( 1 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 1 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 3 - 0 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 0 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 1 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 1 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Drew Brees ( 1 - 0 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Most games as starting quarterback ( edit ) </H2> <P> These quarterbacks have the most starts for the Saints in regular season games ( as of Week 17 of 2017 season ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GP </Th> <Td> Games played </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GS </Th> <Td> Games started </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Number of wins as starting quarterback </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Number of losses as starting quarterback </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Number of ties as starting quarterback </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pct </Th> <Td> Winning Percentage as starting quarterback </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Period </Th> <Th> GP </Th> <Th> GS </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> % </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brees , Drew </Td> <Td> 2006 -- present </Td> <Td> 190 </Td> <Td> 190 </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> . 589 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manning , Archie </Td> <Td> 1971 - 1982 </Td> <Td> 134 </Td> <Td> 129 </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 91 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 283 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brooks , Aaron </Td> <Td> 2000 - 2005 </Td> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> . 463 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hebert , Bobby </Td> <Td> 1985 - 1992 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> . 653 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Everett , Jim </Td> <Td> 1994 - 1996 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> . 362 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Team career passing records ( edit ) </H2> <P> ( As of Week 17 of 2017 season ) </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Comp </Th> <Th> Att </Th> <Th> % </Th> <Th> Yds </Th> <Th> TD </Th> <Th> Int </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brees , Drew </Td> <Td> 5,097 </Td> <Td> 7,485 </Td> <Td> 68.1 % </Td> <Td> 58,097 </Td> <Td> 408 </Td> <Td> 175 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manning , Archie </Td> <Td> 1,849 </Td> <Td> 3,335 </Td> <Td> 55.4 % </Td> <Td> 21,734 </Td> <Td> 115 </Td> <Td> 156 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brooks , Aaron </Td> <Td> 1,563 </Td> <Td> 2,771 </Td> <Td> 56.4 % </Td> <Td>

Before Drew Brees, the quarterback for the Saints was

Who was the qb for the saints before drew brees?

3411217364166344563

Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone - wikipedia <H1> Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the book . For other uses , see Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover for one of the earliest UK editions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> J.K. Rowling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Illustrator </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thomas Taylor ( UK Edition ) </Li> <Li> Jonny Duddle ( 2014 UK Edition ) </Li> <Li> Mary GrandPré ( US Edition ) </Li> <Li> Kazu Kibuishi ( 2013 US Edition ) </Li> <Li> Jim Kay ( Illustrated edition ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Harry Potter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release number </Th> <Td> 1st in series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Fantasy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bloomsbury ( UK ) ( Canada 2010 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Arthur A. Levine / Scholastic ( US ) </Li> <Li> Raincoast ( Canada 1998 -- 2010 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 26 June 1997 ( UK ) </Li> <Li> 1 September 1998 ( US ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 223 ( UK Edition ) </Li> <Li> 332 ( 2014 UK Edition ) </Li> <Li> 309 ( US Edition ) </Li> <Li> 336 ( 2013 US Edition ) </Li> <Li> 256 ( illustrated Edition ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 7475 - 3269 - 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling . It is the first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling 's debut novel , first published in 1997 by Bloomsbury . It was published in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone by Scholastic Corporation in 1998 . The plot follows Harry Potter , a young wizard who discovers his magical heritage as he makes close friends and a few enemies in his first year at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . With the help of his friends , Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort , who killed Harry 's parents , but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old . </P> <P> The novel won most of the British book awards that were judged by children and other awards in the US . The book reached the top of the New York Times list of best - selling fiction in August 1999 and stayed near the top of that list for much of 1999 and 2000 . It has been translated into at least seventy three other languages and has been made into a feature - length film of the same name , as have all six of its sequels . </P> <P> Most reviews were very favourable , commenting on Rowling 's imagination , humour , simple , direct style and clever plot construction , although a few complained that the final chapters seemed rushed . The writing has been compared to that of Jane Austen , one of Rowling 's favourite authors , Roald Dahl , whose works dominated children 's stories before the appearance of Harry Potter , and the Ancient Greek story - teller Homer . While some commentators thought the book looked backwards to Victorian and Edwardian boarding school stories , others thought it placed the genre firmly in the modern world by featuring contemporary ethical and social issues . </P> <P> Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , along with the rest of the Harry Potter series , has been attacked by several religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft , but other religious commentators have written that the book exemplifies important viewpoints , including the power of self - sacrifice and the ways in which people 's decisions shape their personalities . The series has been used as a source of object lessons in educational techniques , sociological analysis and marketing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Plot </Li> <Li> 1.2 Main characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Development , publication and reception <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Development </Li> <Li> 2.2 Publication and reception in the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 2.3 U.S. publication and reception </Li> <Li> 2.4 Translations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Style and themes </Li> <Li> 4 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Sequels </Li> <Li> 4.2 Illustrated version </Li> <Li> 4.3 Film version </Li> <Li> 4.4 Video games </Li> <Li> 4.5 Uses in education and business </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release history </Li> <Li> 6 Footnotes <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 6.2 References </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Plot ( edit ) </H3> As the main title suggests , the plot centres on a legendary alchemical substance which is believed by some to give immortality <P> Eleven - year - old Harry Potter has been living an ordinary life , constantly abused by his surly and cold uncle and aunt , Vernon and Petunia Dursley and bullied by their spoiled son Dudley . His life changes on the day of his eleventh birthday when he receives a letter of acceptance into a Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , delivered by a half - giant named Rubeus Hagrid after previous letters had been destroyed by Vernon and Petunia . Hagrid explains Harry 's hidden past as the wizard son of James and Lily Potter , who are a wizard and witch respectively , and how they were murdered by the most evil and powerful dark wizard in history , Lord Voldemort , which resulted in the one - year - old Harry being sent to live with his aunt and uncle . The strangest bit of the murder was how Voldemort was unable to kill him , but instead had his powers removed and blasted away , sparking Harry 's immense fame among the magical community . </P> <P> Hagrid introduces Harry to the wizarding world , bringing him to places filled with wonder and magic like Diagon Alley , a hidden London street where Harry purchases his pet owl Hedwig and his various school supplies , and Gringotts Wizarding Bank , where he uncovers a fortune left to him by his parents in his vault . There , he is surprised to discover how famous he truly is among witches and wizards , who refer to him as `` the boy who lived '' . </P> <P> A month later , Harry leaves the Dursleys ' home to catch the Hogwarts Express from King 's Cross railway station 's secret Hogwarts platform , Platform 93⁄4 . On the train , he befriends fellow first - year Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger , whose snobbiness and affinity for spells initially causes the two boys to dislike her . There , Harry also makes an enemy of yet another first - year , Draco Malfoy , who prejudices against Hermione due to her being the daughter of Muggles , a term used by wizards and witches that describe ordinary humans with no magical ability . </P> <P> Arriving at Hogwarts , the first - years are assigned by the magical Sorting Hat to houses that best suit their personalities , the four Houses being Gryffindor , Slytherin , Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw . Harry hears from Ron about Slytherin 's dark reputation which is known to house potential dark witches and wizards , and thus objects to being sorted into Slytherin despite the Hat claiming that Harry has potential to develop under that House . He winds up in Gryffindor instead with Ron and Hermione while Draco is sorted into Slytherin , like his whole family before him . </P> <P> As classes begin at Hogwarts , Harry discovers his innate talent for flying on broomsticks despite no prior experience , and is recruited into his House 's Quidditch ( a competitive wizards ' sport played in the air ) team as a Seeker , which is said to be the most difficult role . He also comes to dislike the school 's Potions master , Severus Snape , who is also the Head of Slytherin House that acts biased to members of his House while perpetually looking for opportunities to fail Harry and his friends . The peaceful school year is interrupted by the entrance of a troll into the school , which causes school - wide panic and the discovery of a huge three - headed dog standing guard over a trapdoor in a forbidden corridor . Coupled with Snape 's recent leg injury as well as behaviour , the recent events prompt Harry , Hermione and Ron to suspect him to be looking for a way to enter the trapdoor . </P> <P> Hermione forbids the boys from investigating for fear for expulsion , and instead makes Harry direct his attention to his first ever Quidditch game , where his broomstick begins to lose control and threatens to throw him off . This leads Hermione to suspect that Snape is jinxing Harry 's broom due to his strange behaviour during the match . After the excitement of winning despite the odds has died down , Christmas approaches and Harry receives an invisibility cloak from an anonymous source claiming that the cloak belonged to Harry 's father . Using the cloak to explore the school at night to investigate the possibility of what is under the trapdoor , he discovers the Mirror of Erised , in which the viewer sees his or her deepest desires come true . </P> <P> A visit to Hagrid 's cottage at the foot of the school leads the trio to find a newspaper report stating there had been an attempted robbery of a Gringotts vault -- the same vault that Hagrid and Harry had visited earlier . Unbeknownst to Harry , Hagrid , under instruction from Dumbledore , had gone to remove a small grubby bag while showing Harry around . A further indiscretion from Hagrid allows them to work out that the object kept under that trapdoor is a Philosopher 's Stone , which grants its user immortality as long as it is constantly used , as well as the ability to turn any metal into pure gold . Harry is also informed by a centaur named Firenze in the forest that a plot to steal the Stone is being orchestrated by none other than Voldemort himself , who schemes to use it to be restored back to his body and return to power . When the school 's headmaster Albus Dumbledore is lured from Hogwarts under false pretences , Harry , Hermione and Ron fear that the theft is imminent and descend through the trapdoor themselves . </P> <P> They encounter a series of obstacles , each of which requires unique skills possessed by one of the three , and one of which requires Ron to sacrifice himself in a life - sized game of wizard 's chess . In the final room , Harry , now alone , finds Quirinus Quirrell , the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher , who had been the one working behind the scenes to kill Harry by first jinxing his broom and then letting a troll into the school . Snape had been trying to protect Harry instead , who had wronged him . Now , Quirrell is partly possessed by Voldemort , whose face has sprouted on the back of Quirrell 's head that is constantly concealed by his oversized turban . Voldemort needs Harry 's help to get past the final obstacle : the Mirror of Erised , forcing him to stand before the Mirror . It recognises Harry 's lack of greed for

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published in

When was harry potter and the philosophers stone published?

-2031241268009007717

Gregor Mendel - wikipedia <H1> Gregor Mendel </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Gregor Mendel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Johann Mendel ( 1822 - 07 - 20 ) 20 July 1822 Heinzendorf bei Odrau , Silesia , Austrian Empire ( now Hynčice , Czech Republic ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 6 January 1884 ( 1884 - 01 - 06 ) ( aged 61 ) Brünn , Austria - Hungary ( now Brno , Czech Republic ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> Austrian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> University of Olomouc University of Vienna </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> Creating the science of genetics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Scientific career </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fields </Th> <Td> Genetics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Institutions </Th> <Td> St Thomas 's Abbey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genetics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key components </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chromosome </Li> <Li> DNA </Li> <Li> RNA </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Genome </Li> <Li> Heredity </Li> <Li> Mutation </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Nucleotide </Li> <Li> Variation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Outline </Li> <Li> Index </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History and topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Introduction </Li> <Li> History </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Evolution ( molecular ) </Li> <Li> Population genetics </Li> <Li> Mendelian inheritance </Li> <Li> Quantitative genetics </Li> <Li> Molecular genetics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Research </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> DNA sequencing </Li> <Li> Genetic engineering </Li> <Li> Genomics ( template ) </Li> <Li> Medical genetics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Branches of genetics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Personalized medicine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Personalized medicine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Biology portal </Li> <Li> Molecular and cellular biology portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Gregor Johann Mendel ( Czech : Řehoř Jan Mendel ; 20 July 1822 -- 6 January 1884 ) ( English : / ˈmɛndəl / ) was a scientist , Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas ' Abbey in Brno , Margraviate of Moravia . Mendel was born in a German - speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire ( today 's Czech Republic ) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics . Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits , Mendel 's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity , now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance . </P> <P> Mendel worked with seven characteristics of pea plants : plant height , pod shape and color , seed shape and color , and flower position and color . Taking seed color as an example , Mendel showed that when a true - breeding yellow pea and a true - breeding green pea were cross-bred their offspring always produced yellow seeds . However , in the next generation , the green peas reappeared at a ratio of 1 green to 3 yellow . To explain this phenomenon , Mendel coined the terms `` recessive '' and `` dominant '' in reference to certain traits . ( In the preceding example , the green trait , which seems to have vanished in the first filial generation , is recessive and the yellow is dominant . ) He published his work in 1866 , demonstrating the actions of invisible `` factors '' -- now called genes -- in predictably determining the traits of an organism . </P> <P> The profound significance of Mendel 's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century ( more than three decades later ) with the rediscovery of his laws . Erich von Tschermak , Hugo de Vries , Carl Correns and William Jasper Spillman independently verified several of Mendel 's experimental findings , ushering in the modern age of genetics . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Life and career </Li> <Li> 2 Contributions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Experiments on plant hybridization <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Initial reception of Mendel 's work </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Other experiments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Rediscovery of Mendel 's work </Li> <Li> 4 The Mendelian Paradox </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Life and career </H2> <P> Mendel was born into a German - speaking family in Hynčice ( Heinzendorf bei Odrau in German ) , at the Moravian - Silesian border , Austrian Empire ( now a part of the Czech Republic ) . He was the son of Anton and Rosine ( Schwirtlich ) Mendel and had one older sister , Veronika , and one younger , Theresia . They lived and worked on a farm which had been owned by the Mendel family for at least 130 years . During his childhood , Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping . As a young man , he attended gymnasium in Opava ( called Troppau in German ) . He had to take four months off during his gymnasium studies due to illness . From 1840 to 1843 , he studied practical and theoretical philosophy and physics at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Olomouc , taking another year off because of illness . He also struggled financially to pay for his studies , and Theresia gave him her dowry . Later he helped support her three sons , two of whom became doctors . </P> <P> He became a friar in part because it enabled him to obtain an education without having to pay for it himself . As the son of a struggling farmer , the monastic life , in his words , spared him the `` perpetual anxiety about a means of livelihood . '' He was given the name Gregor ( Řehoř in Czech ) when he joined the Augustinian friars . </P> <P> When Mendel entered the Faculty of Philosophy , the Department of Natural History and Agriculture was headed by Johann Karl Nestler who conducted extensive research of hereditary traits of plants and animals , especially sheep . Upon recommendation of his physics teacher Friedrich Franz , Mendel entered the Augustinian St Thomas 's Abbey in Brno ( called Brünn in German ) and began his training as a priest . Born Johann Mendel , he took the name Gregor upon entering religious life . Mendel worked as a substitute high school teacher . In 1850 , he failed the oral part , the last of three parts , of his exams to become a certified high school teacher . In 1851 , he was sent to the University of Vienna to study under the sponsorship of Abbot C.F. Napp so that he could get more formal education . At Vienna , his professor of physics was Christian Doppler . Mendel returned to his abbey in 1853 as a teacher , principally of physics . In 1856 , he took the exam to become a certified teacher and again failed the oral part . In 1867 , he replaced Napp as abbot of the monastery . </P> <P> After he was elevated as abbot in 1868 , his scientific work largely ended , as Mendel became overburdened with administrative responsibilities , especially a dispute with the civil government over its attempt to impose special taxes on religious institutions . Mendel died on 6 January 1884 , at the age of 61 , in Brno , Moravia , Austria - Hungary ( now Czech Republic ) , from chronic nephritis . Czech composer Leoš Janáček played the organ at his funeral . After his death , the succeeding abbot burned all papers in Mendel 's collection , to mark an end to the disputes over taxation . </P> <H2> Contributions </H2> <H3> Experiments on plant hybridization </H3> Dominant and recessive phenotypes. ( 1 ) Parental generation . ( 2 ) F1 generation . ( 3 ) F2 generation . <P> Gregor Mendel , who is known as the `` father of modern genetics '' , was inspired by both his professors at the Palacký University , Olomouc ( Friedrich Franz and Johann Karl Nestler ) , and his colleagues at the monastery ( such as Franz Diebl ) to study variation in plants . In 1854 , Napp authorized Mendel to carry out a study in the monastery 's 2 hectares ( 4.9 acres ) experimental garden , which was originally planted by Napp in 1830 . Unlike Nestler , who studied hereditary traits in sheep , Mendel used the common edible pea and started his experiments in 1856 . </P> <P> After initial experiments with pea plants , Mendel settled on studying seven traits that seemed to be inherited independently of other traits : seed shape , flower color , seed coat tint , pod shape , unripe pod color , flower location , and plant height . He first focused on seed shape , which was either angular or round . Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some 28,000 plants , the majority of which were pea plants ( Pisum sativum ) . This study showed that , when true - breeding different varieties were crossed to each other ( e.g. , tall plants fertilized by short plants ) , in the second generation , one in four pea plants had purebred recessive traits , two out of four were hybrid s , and one out of four were purebred dominant . His experiments led him to make two generalizations , the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment , which later came to be known as Mendel 's Laws of Inheritance . </P> Initial reception of Mendel 's work <P> Mendel presented his paper , `` Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden '' ( `` Experiments on Plant Hybridization '' ) , at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brno in Moravia on 8 February and 8 March 1865 . It generated a few favorable reports in local newspapers , but was ignored by the scientific community . When Mendel 's paper was published in 1866 in Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn , it was seen as essentially about hybridization rather than inheritance , had little impact , and was only cited about three times over the next thirty - five years . His paper was criticized at the time , but is now considered a seminal work . Notably , Charles Darwin was unaware of Mendel 's paper , and it is envisaged that if he had , genetics as we know it now might have taken hold much earlier . Mendel 's scientific biography thus provides an example of the failure of obscure , highly original , innovators to receive the attention they deserve . </P> <H3> Other experiments </H3> <P> Mendel began his studies on heredity using mice . He was at St. Thomas 's Abbey but his bishop did not like one of his friars studying animal sex , so Mendel switched to plants . Mendel also bred bees in a bee house that was built for him , using bee hives that he designed . He also studied astronomy and meteorology , founding the ' Austrian Meteorological Society ' in 1865 . The majority of his published works was related to meteorology . </P> <P> Mendel also experimented with hawkweed ( Hieracium ) and honeybees . He published a report on his work with hawkweed , a group of plants of great interest to scientists at the time because of their diversity . However , the results of Mendel 's inheritance study in hawkweeds was unlike his results for peas ; the first generation was very variable and many

The father of genetics, who studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants, is Gregor

Who is the father of genetics and what did he study?

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Jimmy Flynn - wikipedia <H1> Jimmy Flynn </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jimmy Flynn </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> James P. Flynn ( 1934 - 02 - 05 ) February 5 , 1934 ( age 84 ) Somerville , Massachusetts , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor , teamster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> ? ? ? ? -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> James P. Flynn ( born February 5 , 1934 ) is an American teamster and film actor . He was a reputed member of the famous Winter Hill Gang . He has been in films including Good Will Hunting , The Cider House Rules and What 's the Worst That Could Happen ? . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Biography </Li> <Li> 2 Filmography </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> James P. Flynn was born in Somerville , Massachusetts . </P> <P> In 1982 , Flynn was wrongly identified as a shooter in the murder of Winter Hill Gang mob associate Brian `` Balloonhead '' Halloran and attempted murder of Michael Donahue . He was tried and acquitted for the murder in 1986 after being framed by John Connolly and James J. Bulger . </P> <P> Flynn was a part of Boston 's International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 25 labor union where he later ran the organization 's movie production crew . He has also been the Teamster Union 's transportation coordinator and transportation captain in the transportation department on numerous films , including The Departed , Fever Pitch and Jumanji . </P> <P> Flynn appeared in many films shot in the New England area . In show business he goes by the name ' James P. Flynn ' . Flynn was cast as a judge in the Boston - based film Good Will Hunting in 1997 . Later , he acted in the 1999 film The Cider House Rules and What 's the Worst That Could Happen ? in 2001 . He was also a truck driver for movie production equipment during the filming of My Best Friend 's Girl in 2008 . Boston actor Tom Kemp remarked : `` ( The film The Departed ) would n't be a Boston movie without me , a Wahlberg , and Jimmy Flynn from the teamsters . '' </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Good Will Hunting ( 1997 ) as Judge George H. Malone </Li> <Li> The Cider House Rules ( 1999 ) as Vernon </Li> <Li> What 's the Worst That Could Happen ? ( 2001 ) as the Fire Captain </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Janelle Nanos ( January 8 , 2013 ) . `` Robin Williams on Good Will Hunting '' . Boston Magazine . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Steve Early ( March 22 , 2012 ) . `` The IBT on Reality TV : Boston Union Teams Up With Mark Wahlberg '' . In These Times . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cullen , Kevin ; Murphy , Shelley ( February 13 , 2011 ) . Whitey Bulger : America 's Most Wanted Gangster and the Manhunt That Brought Him to Justice . W.W. Norton & Company . pp. 229 -- 230 . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Howie Carr ( June 4 , 2013 ) . Hitman : The Untold Story of Johnny Martorano -- - Whitey Bulger 's Partner and the Most Feared Gangster in the Underworld . St. Martin 's Press . pp. 198 -- 199 . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dan Barry ( July 15 , 2011 ) . `` A Voice for Those Silenced in a Mobster 's Reign '' . The New York Times . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jack Sullivan ( August 9 , 2000 ) . `` Hear no evil : Sources : Gov ignored Teamsters threat complaints '' . Boston Herald . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jimmy Flynn '' . IMDB . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Howie Carr ( July 31 , 2007 ) . The Brothers Bulger : How They Terrorized and Corrupted Boston for a Quarter Century . Grand Central Publishing . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fitzpatrick , Robert ; Land , Jon ( January 3 , 2012 ) . Betrayal : Whitey Bulger and the FBI Agent Who Fought to Bring Him Down . Macmillan . Retrieved October 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Boston Globe , `` ' The Departed ' Has Local Launch '' , Carol Beggy & Mark Shanahan , October 4 , 2006 , Living Section , page F. 2 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jimmy Flynn on IMDb </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Flynn&oldid=798915914 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> American people of Irish descent </Li> <Li> American mobsters of Irish descent </Li> <Li> 1934 births </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> Male actors from Boston </Li> <Li> Winter Hill Gang </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 4 September 2017 , at 15 : 21 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The judge in Good Will Hunting was played by

Who played the judge in good will hunting?

2351468410839009011

means that a poor innocent animal will lose its life . This convinces Dylan to change his mind , but Megan instead decides she wants to go hunting . While out hunting the next day , Megan accidentally shoots Kurt in the shoulder , sending him to the hospital . </P> <P> At the hospital , Dusty and Kurt begin to bond after they almost begin fighting when Kurt tries to leave the hospital . That night , Brad , Dusty , Don & Kurt go to an improv comedy club where the four men are relaxing and having a good time watching the show . Kurt gets up to go get another drink at the bar . Dusty sees Kurt picking up a woman at the bar and leaves with her . Brad enters Don into the improv show , and Dusty chooses a topic of a husband confronting his cheating wife as the subject of an improv skit . As the skit progresses , it is revealed that Don has separated from his wife in real life . The audience believes that this is all part of the show , even when Brad tries to tell the audience that it is not . </P> <P> The next day , Brad confronts Dusty . After Dusty reveals that he chose the infidelity subject for the improv game because he wanted to get back at Brad , because of how Brad has a good relationship with Don . Brad says he knows that is why Dusty chose that particular topic and to get back at Dusty ; Brad has invited Adrianna 's real dad , Roger , to the cabin for Christmas . </P> <P> That evening , the entire family takes part in a Christmas manger representation . Brad gets into a fight with Dusty after Brad wants to play Joseph , which Dusty is currently playing . This breaks out in front of a crowd that is watching . Instead of Dusty fighting Brad , he almost comes to blows with Roger . </P> <P> The next morning , Christmas Day , the families all pack up to leave . On their way out of town , the families are forced back to town on account of a blizzard . They are forced to take shelter at a movie theater . With every other movie being sold out , due to the huge influx of business from other families seeking shelter at the theater , both families go to see the last movie available : Missile Tow , a fictitious Liam Neeson holiday action film . </P> <P> When the power cuts off during the movie , the families go to the lobby where each man confronts their father about the secrets , lies , and attitudes . Don confronts Brad about not telling him the truth about his divorce , while Dusty tries to talk to Kurt . When Dylan sees the girl he has a crush on , is also there at the theater , he is teased again by Megan and Adrianna . After remembering some advice given to him by Kurt , Dylan walks toward her to kiss her . All of a sudden , he does n't kiss her , but instead kisses Adrianna , his stepsister . Roger gets freaked out and attempts to leave with Adrianna , but is confronted by Dusty . He deduces that the reason why Adrianna has n't warmed up to him is that he has never told her that he loves her , which he does . He also tells Roger that loving Adrianna means loving her real father as well since he is also part of the family . Roger almost leaves without Adrianna , but has a change of heart after everyone breaks out into a song of Do They Know It 's Christmas ? and decides to stay . Don and Brad also reconcile . </P> <P> Sometime later , at the airport , Don and Kurt are preparing to leave to head back to their respective homes . Kurt heads with Don up the terminal escalators , where he reveals to Don that he switched out the tickets and they 're going to spend New Years in Las Vegas . </P> <P> As Brad 's mom 's flight arrives , Dusty and Brad discover that Brad 's new stepdad is Chesley `` Sully '' Sullenberger , the pilot of the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' flight . Brad and Dusty remember that they watched the film `` Sully '' together not too long ago and Brad appears to be welcoming towards him . Brad runs down the terminal and says that Sully will never replace his father , because Sully has only one great personal story , whereas his father has thousands of stories . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Will Ferrell as Brad Whitaker </Li> <Li> Mark Wahlberg as Dusty Mayron </Li> <Li> Mel Gibson as Kurt Mayron </Li> <Li> John Lithgow as Don Whitaker </Li> <Li> Linda Cardellini as Sara Whitaker </Li> <Li> John Cena as Roger </Li> <Li> Scarlett Estevez as Megan Mayron </Li> <Li> Owen Vaccaro as Dylan Mayron </Li> <Li> Alessandra Ambrosio as Karen Mayron </Li> <Li> Didi Costine as Adrianna </Li> <Li> Chesley Sullenberger as himself </Li> <Li> Liam Neeson as himself </Li> <Li> Bill Burr as Jerry </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> In April 2016 , the sequel was announced , with Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg reprising their roles , Sean Anders and John Morris writing the script , and Anders directing . In January 2017 , it was reported that Mel Gibson and John Lithgow were being sought to play the main characters ' fathers in the film . The two were later confirmed to star , along with Linda Cardellini , John Cena , Owen Vaccaro and Scarlett Estevez , reprising their roles . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography began on March 20 , 2017 . Scenes were filmed in Concord , Massachusetts , Framingham , Massachusetts , and Great Barrington , Massachusetts . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was released in the United States on November 10 , 2017 . </P> <H3> Home media ( edit ) </H3> <P> Daddy 's Home 2 was released on Digital HD on February 6 , 2018 , and was released on Blu - ray and DVD on February 20 , 2018 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> Daddy 's Home 2 grossed $103.8 million in the United States and Canada , and $76.6 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $180.4 million , against a production budget of $69 million . </P> <P> In the United States and Canada , Daddy 's Home 2 opened alongside Murder on the Orient Express , and was projected to gross around $20 million from 3,575 theaters in its opening weekend . The film made $10.7 million on its first day , including $1.5 million from Thursday night previews at 2,500 theaters , up from the $1.2 million made by the first film . It went on to debut to $29.7 million , finishing second at the box office , behind holdover Thor : Ragnarok ( $57 million ) . In its second weekend the film made $14.4 million ( a drop of 51.3 % ) , finishing 4th behind Justice League , Wonder and Thor : Ragnarok . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 19 % based on 111 reviews , and an average rating of 3.8 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` A formulaic comedy that 's unlikely to spread much yuletide merriment , Daddy 's Home 2 can only muster a few stray yuks from its talented cast . '' On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 30 out of 100 based on 26 critics , indicating `` generally unfavorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A − '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> Alonso Duralde of TheWrap was critical of what he described as the film 's sloppiness and laziness , saying , `` Director Sean Anders and his co-writer John Morris execute what are supposed to be the laughs with blunt force . The jokes announce themselves with heavy footsteps , and almost none of them land , stranding a talented cast with terrible material that they 're straining to sell . '' Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun - Times gave the film 1 out of 4 stars , saying : `` After enduring last week 's lousy and lazy A Bad Moms Christmas , I would have bet it would be many a year before we 'd see another holiday comedy more sour and cynical and profoundly unfunny . I sit corrected . '' </P> <P> Glenn Kenny of RogerEbert.com gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars , writing , `` I found the sequel better than the original -- the writing sharper , the jokes fresher and smarter , the comic interaction between the lead characters consistently engaging . I mentioned this to my incredulous wife , who said , ' So you 're saying it 's the Godfather , Part 2 of the Daddy 's Home series ' . '' </P> <H3> Accolades ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Subject </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Golden Raspberry Awards </Td> <Td> Worst Actor </Td> <Td> Mark Wahlberg </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Worst Supporting Actor </Td> <Td> Mel Gibson </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 '' . AMC Theatres . Retrieved October 22 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Daddy 's Home 2 ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved February 18 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fleming , Mike , Jr. ( April 22 , 2016 ) . `` Will Ferrell & Mark Wahlberg Set ' Daddy 's Home ' Sequel At Paramount '' . Deadline . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fleming , Mike , Jr . ( January 30 , 2017 ) . `` Mel Gibson , John Lithgow Circling ' Daddy 's Home ' Sequel '' . Deadline . Retrieved January 30 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( February 15 , 2017 ) . `` Mel Gibson and John Lithgow Join ' Daddy 's Home ' Sequel '' . Variety . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fleming Jr , Mike ( March 10 , 2017 ) . `` John Cena Back For ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 '' ( PDF ) . Directors Guild of America . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lee , Ashley ( February 1 , 2017 ) . `` Paramount Sets ' Daddy 's Home 2 ' for November Release '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved February 2 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Daddys Home 2 Blu - ray , 4k & Digital Release Dates Announced '' . HD Report . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Daddy 's Home 2 ( 2017 ) '' . DVDs Release Date . Retrieved 9 January 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro ( October 25 , 2017 ) . `` ' Thor ' Rocks On With $10.8 M Tuesday ; Will Continue To Strike Lightning In Second Weekend With $60 M '' . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Anthony D'Alessandro (

They filmed Daddy's Home 2 in

What state did they film daddy's home 2?

5315333565609466244

in his book Micrographia . In this book , he gave 60 ' observations ' in detail of various objects under a coarse , compound microscope . One observation was from very thin slices of bottle cork . Hooke discovered a multitude of tiny pores that he named `` cells '' . This came from the Latin word Cella , meaning ' a small room ' like monks lived in and also Cellulae , which meant the six sided cell of a honeycomb . However , Hooke did not know their real structure or function . What Hooke had thought were cells , were actually empty cell walls of plant tissues . With microscopes during this time having a low magnification , Hooke was unable to see that there were other internal components to the cells he was observing . Therefore , he did not think the `` cellulae '' were alive . His cell observations gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles found in most living cells . In Micrographia , Hooke also observed mould , bluish in color , found on leather . After studying it under his microscope , he was unable to observe `` seeds '' that would have indicated how the mould was multiplying in quantity . This led to Hooke suggesting that spontaneous generation , from either natural or artificial heat , was the cause . Since this was an old Aristotelian theory still accepted at the time , others did not reject it and was not disproved until Leeuwenhoek later discovers generation is achieved otherwise . </P> <P> Anton van Leeuwenhoek is another scientist who saw these cells soon after Hooke did . He made use of a microscope containing improved lenses that could magnify objects almost 300-fold , or 270x . Under these microscopes , Leeuwenhoek found motile objects . In a letter to The Royal Society on October 9 , 1676 , he states that motility is a quality of life therefore these were living organisms . Over time , he wrote many more papers in which described many specific forms of microorganisms . Leeuwenhoek named these `` animalcules , '' which included protozoa and other unicellular organisms , like bacteria . Though he did not have much formal education , he was able to identify the first accurate description of red blood cells and discovered bacteria after gaining interest in the sense of taste that resulted in Leeuwenhoek to observe the tongue of an ox , then leading him to study `` pepper water '' in 1676 . He also found for the first time the sperm cells of animals and humans . Once discovering these types of cells , Leeuwenhoek saw that the fertilization process requires the sperm cell to enter the egg cell . This put an end to the previous theory of spontaneous generation . After reading letters by Leeuwenhoek , Hooke was the first to confirm his observations that were thought to be unlikely by other contemporaries . </P> <P> The cells in animal tissues were observed after plants were because the tissues were so fragile and susceptible to tearing , it was difficult for such thin slices to be prepared for studying . Biologists believed that there was a fundamental unit to life , but were unsure what this was . It would not be until over a hundred years later that this fundamental unit was connected to cellular structure and existence of cells in animals or plants . This conclusion was not made until Henri Dutrochet . Besides stating `` the cell is the fundamental element of organization '' , Dutrochet also claimed that cells were not just a structural unit , but also a physiological unit . </P> <P> In 1804 , Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for `` solving the problem of the nature of cells '' , meaning they were the first to prove that cells had independent cell walls by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft ( Royal Society of Science ) , Göttingen . Before , it had been thought that cells shared walls and the fluid passed between them this way . </P> <H2> Cell theory </H2> Matthias Jakob Schleiden ( 1804 -- 1881 ) Theodor Schwann ( 1810 -- 1882 ) <P> Credit for developing cell theory is usually given to two scientists : Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden . While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory , he is not as credited for his attributions toward it . In 1839 , Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells . He also suggested that cells were made by a crystallization process either within other cells or from the outside . However , this was not an original idea of Schleiden . He claimed this theory as his own , though Barthelemy Dumortier had stated it years before him . This crystallization process is no longer accepted with modern cell theory . In 1839 , Theodor Schwann states that along with plants , animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures . This was a major advancement in the field of biology since little was known about animal structure up to this point compared to plants . From these conclusions about plants and animals , two of the three tenets of cell theory were postulated . </P> <P> 1 . All living organisms are composed of one or more cells </P> <P> 2 . The cell is the most basic unit of life </P> <P> Schleiden 's theory of free cell formation through crystallization was refuted in the 1850s by Robert Remak , Rudolf Virchow , and Albert Kolliker . In 1855 , Rudolf Virchow added the third tenet to cell theory . In Latin , this tenet states Omnis cellula e cellula . This translated to : </P> <P> 3 . All cells arise only from pre-existing cells </P> <P> However , the idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells had in fact already been proposed by Robert Remak ; it has been suggested that Virchow plagiarized Remak and did not give him credit . Remak published observations in 1852 on cell division , claiming Schleiden and Schawnn were incorrect about generation schemes . He instead said that binary fission , which was first introduced by Dumortier , was how reproduction of new animal cells were made . Once this tenet was added , the classical cell theory was complete . </P> <H2> Modern interpretation </H2> <P> The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include : </P> <Ol> <Li> All known living things are made up of one or more cells </Li> <Li> All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division . </Li> <Li> The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms . </Li> <Li> The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells . </Li> <Li> Energy flow ( metabolism and biochemistry ) occurs within cells . </Li> <Li> Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and RNA found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm . </Li> <Li> All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species . </Li> </Ol> <H2> The modern version of the cell theory </H2> <P> The modern version of the cell theory includes the ideas that : </P> <Ul> <Li> Energy flow occurs within cells . </Li> <Li> Heredity information ( DNA ) is passed on from cell to cell . </Li> <Li> All cells have the same basic chemical composition . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Opposing concepts in cell theory : history and background </H2> <P> The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope . The first cell theory is credited to the work of Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in the 1830s . In this theory the internal contents of cells were called protoplasm and described as a jelly - like substance , sometimes called living jelly . At about the same time , colloidal chemistry began its development , and the concepts of bound water emerged . A colloid being something between a solution and a suspension , where Brownian motion is sufficient to prevent sedimentation . The idea of a semipermeable membrane , a barrier that is permeable to solvent but impermeable to solute molecules was developed at about the same time . The term osmosis originated in 1827 and its importance to physiological phenomena realized , but it was n't until 1877 , when the botanist Pfeffer proposed the membrane theory of cell physiology . In this view , the cell was seen to be enclosed by a thin surface , the plasma membrane , and cell water and solutes such as a potassium ion existed in a physical state like that of a dilute solution . In 1889 Hamburger used hemolysis of erythrocytes to determine the permeability of various solutes . By measuring the time required for the cells to swell past their elastic limit , the rate at which solutes entered the cells could be estimated by the accompanying change in cell volume . He also found that there was an apparent nonsolvent volume of about 50 % in red blood cells and later showed that this includes water of hydration in addition to the protein and other nonsolvent components of the cells . </P> <H3> Evolution of the membrane and bulk phase theories </H3> <P> Two opposing concepts developed within the context of studies on osmosis , permeability , and electrical properties of cells . The first held that these properties all belonged to the plasma membrane whereas the other predominant view was that the protoplasm was responsible for these properties . The membrane theory developed as a succession of ad - hoc additions and changes to the theory to overcome experimental hurdles . Overton ( a distant cousin of Charles Darwin ) first proposed the concept of a lipid ( oil ) plasma membrane in 1899 . The major weakness of the lipid membrane was the lack of an explanation of the high permeability to water , so Nathansohn ( 1904 ) proposed the mosaic theory . In this view , the membrane is not a pure lipid layer , but a mosaic of areas with lipid and areas with semipermeable gel . Ruhland refined the mosaic theory to include pores to allow additional passage of small molecules . Since membranes are generally less permeable to anions , Leonor Michaelis concluded that ions are adsorbed to the walls of the pores , changing the permeability of the pores to ions by electrostatic repulsion . Michaelis demonstrated the membrane potential ( 1926 ) and proposed that it was related to the distribution of ions across the membrane . Harvey and Danielli ( 1939 ) proposed a lipid bilayer membrane covered on each side with a layer of protein to account for measurements of surface tension . In 1941 Boyle & Conway showed that the membrane of frog muscle was permeable to both K+ and Cl - , but apparently not to Na+ , so the idea of electrical charges in the pores was unnecessary since a single critical pore size would explain the permeability to K+ , H+ , and Cl - as well as the impermeability to Na+ , Ca+ , and Mg++ . Over the same time period , it was shown ( Procter & Wilson , 1916 ) that gels , which do not have a semipermeable membrane , would swell in dilute solutions . Loeb ( 1920 ) also studied gelatin extensively , with and without a membrane , showing that more of the properties attributed to the plasma membrane could be duplicated in gels without a membrane . In particular , he found that an electrical potential difference between the gelatin and the outside medium could be developed , based on the H+ concentration . Some criticisms of the membrane theory developed in the 1930s , based on observations such as the ability of some cells to swell and increase their surface area by a factor of

Cells come from other cells, a concept proven by

Who proved that cells come from other cells?

-295049090356671696

Does he love You - wikipedia <H1> Does he love You </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Does He Love You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Reba McEntire with Linda Davis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Greatest Hits Volume Two </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Straight From You '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 28 , 1993 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> MCA Nashville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sandy Knox </Li> <Li> Billy Stritch </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tony Brown </Li> <Li> Reba McEntire </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Reba McEntire singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` It 's Your Call '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` Does He Love You '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` They Asked About You '' ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` It 's Your Call '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` Does He Love You '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` They Asked About You '' ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Linda Davis singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` He Is n't My Affair Anymore '' ( 1992 ) He Is n't My Affair Anymore1992 </Td> <Td> `` Does He Love You '' ( 1993 ) Does He Love You1993 </Td> <Td> `` Love Did n't Do It '' ( 1994 ) Love Did n't Do It1994 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Does He Love You '' is a song written by Sandy Knox and Billy Stritch , and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Reba McEntire and Linda Davis . It was released in August 1993 as the first single from Reba 's album Greatest Hits Volume Two . It is one of country music 's several songs about a love triangle . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Content </Li> <Li> 3 Music Video </Li> <Li> 4 Track list </Li> <Li> 5 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Does He Love You '' was written in 1982 by Billy Stritch . He recorded it with a trio in which he performed at the time , because he wanted a song that could be sung by the other two members of the trio , both of whom were women . It had been pitched to Barbara Mandrell , Frank Sinatra , and Liza Minnelli , but McEntire ended up recording it . She had wanted to include Linda Davis , then a vocalist in her road band , as a duet partner . McEntire 's husband and manager , Narvel Blackstock , told her that MCA Records `` would rather ( she ) record this with somebody more established '' , such as Wynonna Judd or Trisha Yearwood , both of whom were on the same label at the time . McEntire called Tony Brown , then working as a record producer for both her and Judd . Brown told her that Judd might record the song if McEntire asked her personally , but added that Judd did not want to record songs about `` marital problems '' . McEntire submitted a demo to Judd and , after not hearing back from her , recorded the song with Davis in June 1993 . </P> <P> The single went on to win the Grammy award for Best Country Vocal Collaboration , a Country Music Association Award for Vocal Event of the Year , and a TNN / Music City News award for Best Vocal Collaboration . </P> <P> In 1996 , Minnelli released the song as a duet with Donna Summer , from Minnelli 's album , `` Gently '' . In 1997 , it appeared on Patti LaBelle 's album , `` Flame '' . </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song features a vocal battle between two female narrators who are in love with the same man . Both women know that the man is being unfaithful to them and are wondering who he truly loves . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The big - budget , Jon Small - directed video was filmed over 3 days in mid-1993 . It begins with Reba in her dressing room wearing a lilac feather gown , where she sees a picture of her lover , which she glances at . It then shows Linda as a professional actress at a movie premiere , then cuts back to Reba smashing the picture with a metal object . Reba shows up in a limo with the same man . The two women are seen then in a photo shoot with Linda holding an award and the man in the background . The picture is taken , but it shows Reba losing focus for some reason . </P> <P> The next scene shows Linda and the man flirting in a hotel bar . Reba appears wearing a white shower cloak , standing behind a glass and wood wall , as if not to be noticed by Linda . She sees what is really going on , and Linda notices her , only to come over to her and begin singing the second chorus . Reba stays behind the wall the whole time , while Linda is in front of her . </P> <P> It then briefly goes back to the dressing room , where Reba continues to smash her lover 's picture . The next scene shows Reba approaching Linda 's house in the pouring rain at night , while Linda stands on her porch as they sing the bridge . </P> <P> The scene then shifts to the next day , where Reba watches from afar as Linda and the man are seen on a speedboat , where he hugs her , implying that Linda is who he truly loves . Reba finally smiles at Linda as the boat leaves the dock . </P> <P> After the song is complete , the boat collapses and goes up in flames as the director ( portrayed by actor Rob Reiner ) yells `` cut '' and shows Reba and the crew the footage as the screen pans up to show the set and sky . </P> <P> The last day of shooting coincided with the last day of filming for the 1993 movie North ( in which Reba stars and Reiner directed ) , and because of this , Reba 's final outfit seen in the video was the same one she wore in the movie . </P> <H2> Track list ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> United Kingdom Maxi single CD1 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Does He Love You '' ( Album Version ) </Li> <Li> `` Does He Love You '' ( Live ) </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Be '' ( Live ) </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> United Kingdom Maxi single CD2 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Does He Love You '' ( Album Version ) </Li> <Li> `` The Greatest Man I Never Knew '' ( Live ) </Li> <Li> `` What If '' </Li> </Ol> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1999 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 72 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ McEntire , Reba ; Carver , Tom ( 1994 ) . Reba : My Story . Bantam Books . pp. 272 -- 273 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` And the Winners Are ... '' The New York Times . The New York Times Company . 1994 - 03 - 02 . pp. C 22 . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 2296 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . November 13 , 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Reba McEntire Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1993 '' . RPM . December 18 , 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Best of 1993 : Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Easy Come , Easy Go '' by George Strait </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks number - one single November 6 , 1993 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` She Used to Be Mine '' by Brooks & Dunn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> RPM Country Tracks number - one single November 13 , 1993 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Reba McEntire 1990s singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweet Sixteen </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Walk On '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rumor Has It </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` You Lie '' </Li> <Li> `` Rumor Has It '' </Li> <Li> `` Fancy '' </Li> <Li> `` Fallin ' Out of Love '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> For My Broken Heart </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` For My Broken Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Is There Life Out There '' </Li> <Li> `` The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia '' </Li> <Li> `` The Greatest Man I Never Knew '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> It 's Your Call </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Take It Back '' </Li> <Li> `` The Heart Wo n't Lie '' ( with Vince Gill ) </Li> <Li> `` It 's Your Call '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greatest Hits Volume Two </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Does He Love You '' ( with Linda Davis ) </Li> <Li> `` They Asked About You '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Read My Mind </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Why Have n't I Heard from You '' </Li> <Li> `` She Thinks His Name Was John '' </Li> <Li> `` Till You Love Me '' </Li> <Li> `` The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter '' </Li> <Li> `` And Still '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starting Over </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` On My Own '' </Li> <Li> `` Ring on Her Finger , Time on Her Hands '' </Li> <Li> `` Starting Over Again '' </Li> <Li> `` You Keep Me Hangin ' On '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> What If It 's You </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Fear of Being Alone '' </Li> <Li> `` How Was I to Know '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'd Rather Ride Around with You '' </Li> <Li> `` What If It 's You '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> If You See Him </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` If

The song "Does He Love You" was a duet between Reba McEntire and

Who sang the song with reba does he love you?

-8579271792005383992

Organ ( anatomy ) - wikipedia <H1> Organ ( anatomy ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Viscera '' redirects here . For other meanings , see Viscera ( disambiguation ) . `` Organs '' redirects here . For other uses , see Organ . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Organ </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Many of the internal organs of the human body </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pronunciation </Th> <Td> awr - guh n </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> System </Th> <Td> Organ systems </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> organi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greek </Th> <Td> Οργανο </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 67498 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Organs are collections of tissues with a similar function . Plant and animal life relies on many organs that coexist in organ systems . </P> <P> Organs are composed of main tissue , parenchyma , and `` sporadic '' tissues , stroma . The main tissue is that which is unique for the specific organ , such as the myocardium , the main tissue of the heart , while sporadic tissues include the nerves , blood vessels , and connective tissues . The main tissues that make up an organ tend to have common embryologic origins , such as arising from the same germ layer . Functionally related organs often cooperate to form whole organ systems . Organs exist in all organisms . In single - celled organisms such as bacteria the functional analogue of an organ is known as an organelle . In plants there are three main organs . </P> <P> A hollow organ is a visceral organ that forms a hollow tube , or pouch such as the stomach , intestine , or bladder . </P> <P> In the study of anatomy , the term viscus is used to refer to an internal organ , and viscera is the plural form . By one widely used definition of the term organ , 80 organs have been scientifically validated in the human body . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Tissue </Li> <Li> 1.2 Organ systems </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Function <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Mammals </Li> <Li> 2.2 Plants </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Society and culture </Li> <Li> 4 History <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Antiquity </Li> <Li> 4.2 Modern times </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Origin and evolution </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Tissue ( edit ) </H3> <P> In biology , tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and complete organs . A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function . Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues . </P> <P> The study of human and animal tissues is known as histology or , in connection with disease , histopathology . For plants , the discipline is called plant anatomy . The classical tools for studying tissues are the paraffin block in which tissue is embedded and then sectioned , the histological stain , and the optical microscope . In the last couple of decades , developments in electron microscopy , immunofluorescence , and the use of frozen tissue sections have enhanced the detail that can be observed in tissues . With these tools , the classical appearances of tissues can be examined in health and disease , enabling considerable refinement of medical diagnosis and prognosis . </P> <H3> Organ systems ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Biological system See also : List of organs of the human body <P> Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function form an organ system , also called a biological system or body system . The functions of organ systems often share significant overlap . For instance , the nervous and endocrine system both operate via a shared organ , the hypothalamus . For this reason , the two systems are combined and studied as the neuroendocrine system . The same is true for the musculoskeletal system because of the relationship between the muscular and skeletal systems . </P> <H2> Function ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Mammals ( edit ) </H3> The liver and gallbladder of a sheep <P> Mammals such as humans have a variety of organ systems . These specific systems are also widely studied in human anatomy . </P> <Ul> <Li> Cardiovascular system : pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart , blood and blood vessels . </Li> <Li> Digestive system : digestion and processing food with salivary glands , esophagus , stomach , liver , gallbladder , pancreas , intestines , colon , rectum and anus . </Li> <Li> Endocrine system : communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus , pituitary gland , pineal body or pineal gland , thyroid , parathyroids and adrenals , i.e. , adrenal glands . </Li> <Li> Excretory system : kidneys , ureters , bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance , electrolyte balance and excretion of urine . </Li> <Li> Lymphatic system : structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream , the lymph and the nodes and vessels that transport it including the Immune system : defending against disease - causing agents with leukocytes , tonsils , adenoids , thymus and spleen . </Li> <Li> Integumentary system : skin , hair and nails . </Li> <Li> Muscular system : movement with muscles . </Li> <Li> Nervous system : collecting , transferring and processing information with brain , spinal cord and nerves . </Li> <Li> Reproductive system : the sex organs , such as ovaries , fallopian tubes , uterus , vulva , vagina , testes , vas deferens , seminal vesicles , prostate and penis . </Li> <Li> Respiratory system : the organs used for breathing , the pharynx , larynx , trachea , bronchi , lungs and diaphragm . </Li> <Li> Skeletal system : structural support and protection with bones , cartilage , ligaments and tendons . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Plants ( edit ) </H3> See also : Plant anatomy The flower is the angiosperm 's reproductive organ . This Hibiscus flower is hermaphroditic , and it contains stamen and pistils . Strobilus of Equisetum telmateia <P> The study of plant organs is referred to as plant morphology , rather than anatomy , as in animal systems . Organs of plants can be divided into vegetative and reproductive . Vegetative plant organs are roots , stems , and leaves . The reproductive organs are variable . In flowering plants , they are represented by the flower , seed and fruit . In conifers , the organ that bears the reproductive structures is called a cone . In other divisions ( phyla ) of plants , the reproductive organs are called strobili , in Lycopodiophyta , or simply gametophores in mosses . </P> <P> The vegetative organs are essential for maintaining the life of a plant . While there can be 11 organ systems in animals , there are far fewer in plants , where some perform the vital functions , such as photosynthesis , while the reproductive organs are essential in reproduction . However , if there is asexual vegetative reproduction , the vegetative organs are those that create the new generation of plants ( see clonal colony ) . </P> <H2> Society and culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> Many societies have a system for Organ donation , in which a living or deceased donor 's organ is transplanted into a person with a failing organ . The transplantation of larger solid organs often requires immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection or graft vs host disease . </P> <P> There is considerable interest throughout the world in creating laboratory - grown or artificial organs . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Human viscera <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( February 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The English word `` organism '' is a neologism coined in the 17th century , probably formed from the verb to organize . At first the word referred to an organization or social system . The meaning of a living animal or plant is first recorded in 1842 . Plant organs are made from tissue built up from different types of tissue . When there are three or more organs it is called an organ system . </P> <P> The adjective visceral , also splanchnic , is used for anything pertaining to the internal organs . Historically , viscera of animals were examined by Roman pagan priests like the haruspices or the augurs in order to divine the future by their shape , dimensions or other factors . This practice remains an important ritual in some remote , tribal societies . </P> <P> The term `` visceral '' is contrasted with the term `` parietal '' , meaning `` of or relating to the wall of a body part , organ or cavity '' The two terms are often used in describing a membrane or piece of connective tissue , referring to the opposing sides . </P> <H3> Antiquity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Aristotle used the word frequently in his philosophy , both to describe the organs of plants or animals ( e.g. the roots of a tree , the heart or liver of an animal ) , and to describe more abstract `` parts '' of an interconnected whole ( e.g. his philosophical works , taken as a whole , are referred to as the `` organon '' ) . </P> <P> Some alchemists ( e.g. Paracelsus ) adopted the Hermetic Qabalah assignment between the seven vital organs and the seven classical planets as follows : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Planet </Td> <Td> Organ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sun </Td> <Td> Heart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moon </Td> <Td> Brain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mercury </Td> <Td> Lungs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venus </Td> <Td> Kidneys </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars </Td> <Td> Gall bladder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jupiter </Td> <Td> Liver </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saturn </Td> <Td> Spleen </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Modern times ( edit ) </H3> <P> The variations in natural language definitions of what constitutes an organ , their degree of precision , and the variations in how they map to ontologies and taxonomies in information science ( for example , to count how many organs exist in a typical human body ) are topics explored by writer Carl Engelking of Discover magazine in 2017 as he analyzed the science journalism coverage of the evolving scientific understanding of the mesentery . He explored a challenge now faced by anatomists : as human understanding of ontology generally ( that is , how things are defined , and how the relationship of one thing to another is defined ) meets applied ontology and ontology engineering , unification of varying views is in higher demand . However , such unification always faces epistemologic frontiers , as humans can only declare computer ontologies with certainty and finality to the extent that their own cognitive taxonomy ( that is , science 's understanding of the universe ) is certain and final . For example , the fact that the tissues of the mesentery are continuous was something that was simply not known for sure until it was demonstrated with microscopy . Because humans can not predict all future scientific discoveries , they can not build a unified ontology that is totally certain and will never again change . However , one of the points made by an anatomist interviewed by Engelking is that , finality aside , much more could be done even now to represent existing human knowledge more clearly for computing purposes . </P> <H2> Origin and evolution ( edit ) </H2> Relationship of major

Referring to the organs of reproduction is called the

Referring to the organs of reproduction is called?

-2202492303403575297

Accounts receivable - wikipedia <H1> Accounts receivable </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> Accounting </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Historical cost </Li> <Li> Constant purchasing power </Li> <Li> Management </Li> <Li> Tax </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Major types ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Auditing </Li> <Li> Cost </Li> <Li> Forensic </Li> <Li> Financial </Li> <Li> Fund </Li> <Li> Governmental </Li> <Li> Management </Li> <Li> Social </Li> <Li> Tax </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Key concepts ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Accounting period </Li> <Li> Accrual </Li> <Li> Constant purchasing power </Li> <Li> Economic entity </Li> <Li> Fair value </Li> <Li> Going concern </Li> <Li> Historical cost </Li> <Li> Matching principle </Li> <Li> Materiality </Li> <Li> Revenue recognition </Li> <Li> Unit of account </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Selected accounts ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Assets </Li> <Li> Cash </Li> <Li> Cost of goods sold </Li> <Li> Depreciation / Amortization </Li> <Li> Equity </Li> <Li> Expenses </Li> <Li> Goodwill </Li> <Li> Liabilities </Li> <Li> Profit </Li> <Li> Revenue </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Accounting standards ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Generally - accepted principles </Li> <Li> Generally - accepted auditing standards </Li> <Li> Convergence </Li> <Li> International Financial Reporting Standards </Li> <Li> International Standards on Auditing </Li> <Li> Management Accounting Principles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Financial statements ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Annual report </Li> <Li> Balance sheet </Li> <Li> Cash - flow </Li> <Li> Equity </Li> <Li> Income </Li> <Li> Management discussion </Li> <Li> Notes to the financial statements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bookkeeping ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Bank reconciliation </Li> <Li> Debits and credits </Li> <Li> Double - entry system </Li> <Li> FIFO and LIFO </Li> <Li> Journal </Li> <Li> Ledger / General ledger </Li> <Li> T accounts </Li> <Li> Trial balance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Auditing ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Financial </Li> <Li> Internal </Li> <Li> Firms </Li> <Li> Report </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> People and organizations ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Accountants </Li> <Li> Accounting organizations </Li> <Li> Luca Pacioli </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Development ( show ) <Ul> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Research </Li> <Li> Positive accounting </Li> <Li> Sarbanes -- Oxley Act </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Business portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Accounts receivable is a legally enforceable claim for payment held by a business for goods supplied and / or services rendered that customers / clients have ordered but not paid for . These are generally in the form of invoices raised by a business and delivered to the customer for payment within an agreed time frame . Accounts receivable is shown in a balance sheet as an asset . It is one of a series of accounting transactions dealing with the billing of a customer for goods and services that the customer has ordered . These may be distinguished from notes receivable , which are debts created through formal legal instruments called promissory notes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview </Li> <Li> 2 Payment terms </Li> <Li> 3 Accounts Receivable Age Analysis </Li> <Li> 4 Bookkeeping </Li> <Li> 5 Special uses </Li> <Li> 6 Related accounting topics </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes and references </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Accounts receivable represents money owed by entities to the firm on the sale of products or services on credit . In most business entities , accounts receivable is typically executed by generating an invoice and either mailing or electronically delivering it to the customer , who , in turn , must pay it within an established timeframe , called credit terms or payment terms . </P> <P> The accounts receivable department uses the sales ledger , because a sales ledger normally records : </P> <Ul> <Li> The sales a business has made . </Li> <Li> The amount of money received for goods or services . </Li> <Li> The amount of money owed at the end of each month varies ( debtors ) . </Li> </Ul> <P> The accounts receivable team is in charge of receiving funds on behalf of a company and applying it towards their current pending balances . </P> <P> Collections and cashiering teams are part of the accounts receivable department . While the collections department seeks the debtor , the cashiering team applies the monies received . </P> <H2> Payment terms ( edit ) </H2> <P> An example of a common payment term is Net 30 days , which means that payment is due at the end of 30 days from the date of invoice . The debtor is free to pay before the due date ; businesses can offer a discount for early payment . Other common payment terms include Net 45 , Net 60 and 30 days end of month . The creditor may be able to charge late fees or interest if the amount is not paid by the due date . </P> <P> Booking a receivable is accomplished by a simple accounting transaction ; however , the process of maintaining and collecting payments on the accounts receivable subsidiary account balances can be a full - time proposition . Depending on the industry in practice , accounts receivable payments can be received up to 10 -- 15 days after the due date has been reached . These types of payment practices are sometimes developed by industry standards , corporate policy , or because of the financial condition of the client . </P> <P> Since not all customer debts will be collected , businesses typically estimate the amount of and then record an allowance for doubtful accounts which appears on the balance sheet as a contra account that offsets total accounts receivable . When accounts receivable are not paid , some companies turn them over to third party collection agencies or collection attorneys who will attempt to recover the debt via negotiating payment plans , settlement offers or pursuing other legal action . </P> <P> Outstanding advances are part of accounts receivable if a company gets an order from its customers with payment terms agreed upon in advance . Since billing is done to claim the advances several times , this area of collectible is not reflected in accounts receivables . Ideally , since advance payment occurs within a mutually agreed - upon term , it is the responsibility of the accounts department to periodically take out the statement showing advance collectible and should be provided to sales & marketing for collection of advances . The payment of accounts receivable can be protected either by a letter of credit or by Trade Credit Insurance . </P> <H2> Accounts receivable Age analysis ( edit ) </H2> <P> An Accountants Receivable Age Analysis , also known as the Debtors Book is divided in categories for current , 30 days , 60 days , 90 days or longer . The analysis or report is commonly known as an Aged Trial Balance . Customers are typically listed in alphabetic order or by the amount outstanding , or according to the company chart of accounts . Zero balances are not usually shown . </P> <H2> Bookkeeping ( edit ) </H2> <P> On a company 's balance sheet , accounts receivable are the money owed to that company by entities outside of the company . Account receivables are classified as current assets assuming that they are due within one calendar year or fiscal year . To record a journal entry for a sale on account , one must debit a receivable and credit a revenue account . When the customer pays off their accounts , one debits cash and credits the receivable in the journal entry . The ending balance on the trial balance sheet for accounts receivable is usually a debit . </P> <P> Business organizations which have become too large to perform such tasks by hand ( or small ones that could but prefer not to do them by hand ) will generally use accounting software on a computer to perform this task . </P> <P> Companies have two methods available to them for measuring the net value of accounts receivable , which is generally computed by subtracting the balance of an allowance account from the accounts receivable account . </P> <P> The first method is the allowance method , which establishes a contra - asset account , allowance for doubtful accounts , or bad debt provision , that has the effect of reducing the balance for accounts receivable . The amount of the bad debt provision can be computed in two ways , either ( 1 ) by reviewing each individual debt and deciding whether it is doubtful ( a specific provision ) ; or ( 2 ) by providing for a fixed percentage ( e.g. 2 % ) of total debtors ( a general provision ) . The change in the bad debt provision from year to year is posted to the bad debt expense account in the income statement . </P> <P> The second method is the direct write - off method . It is simpler than the allowance method in that it allows for one simple entry to reduce accounts receivable to its net realizable value . The entry would consist of debiting a bad debt expense account and crediting the respective accounts receivable in the sales ledger . </P> <P> The two methods are not mutually exclusive , and some businesses will have a provision for doubtful debts , writing off specific debts that they know to be bad ( for example , if the debtor has gone into liquidation . ) </P> <H2> Special uses ( edit ) </H2> <P> Companies can use their accounts receivable as collateral when obtaining a loan ( asset - based lending ) . They may also sell them through factoring or on an exchange . Pools or portfolios of accounts receivable can be sold in capital markets through securitization . </P> <P> For tax reporting purposes , a general provision for bad debts is not an allowable deduction from profit - a business can only get relief for specific debtors that have gone bad . However , for financial reporting purposes , companies may choose to have a general provision against bad debts consistent with their past experience of customer payments , in order to avoid over-stating debtors in the balance sheet . </P> <H2> Related accounting topics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Associated accounting issues include recognizing accounts receivable , valuing accounts receivable , and disposing of accounts receivable . </P> <P> In the UK , most companies have a credit control department . </P> <P> Other types of accounting transactions include accounts payable , payroll , and trial balance . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Electronic billing </Li> <Li> Debtors </Li> <Li> Factoring ( finance ) </Li> <Li> Accounts payable </Li> <Li> Balance sheet </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes and references ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Trade Finance Global . `` Accounts Receivable Guide '' . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 01 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Belverd E. Needles , Marian Powers , Susan V. Crosson. ( 2010 ) Financial and Managerial Accounting , p. 373 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Definition of credit terms '' . factoringglossary.org . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1073789116&type=RESOURCES </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.accountingtools.com/allowance-for-doubtful-account </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ HM Revenue & Customs . `` Company Taxation Manual '' . Archived from the original on 2009 - 04 - 18 . Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 01 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> GND : 4017826 - 2 </Li> <Li> NDL : 00574050 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accounts_receivable&oldid=815166986 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Accounting terminology </Li> <Li> Asset </Li> <Li> Accounts receivable </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li>

The source of information for account receivables is

What is the source of information for account receivables?

-7697487810686930412

Never Forget You - wikipedia <H1> Never Forget You </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Never Forget You may refer to : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Never Forget You '' ( Mariah Carey song ) , 1994 </Li> <Li> `` Never Forget You '' ( Noisettes song ) , 2009 </Li> <Li> `` Never Forget You '' ( Zara Larsson and MNEK song ) , 2015 </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Never Forget ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> I 'll Never Forget You ( disambiguation ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Never Forget You . If an internal link led you here , you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Never_Forget_You&oldid=758187169 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Disambiguation pages </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Disambiguation pages with short description </Li> <Li> All article disambiguation pages </Li> <Li> All disambiguation pages </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 3 January 2017 , at 23 : 57 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "I'll Never Forget You" is sung by

Who sings the song i'll never forget you?

-2212094428102896502

Stratum lucidum - wikipedia <H1> Stratum lucidum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Stratum lucidum ( disambiguation ) . Histologic image showing a section of epidermis . Stratum lucidum labeled near center . Section of epidermis <P> The stratum lucidum ( Latin for `` clear layer '' ) is a thin , clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope . It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin , which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet . </P> <P> Located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers , it is composed of three to five layers of dead , flattened keratinocytes . The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin , an intermediate form of keratin . They are surrounded by an oily substance that is the result of the exocytosis of lamellar bodies accumulated while the keratinocytes are moving through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum . </P> <P> The thickness of the lucidum is controlled by the rate of mitosis ( division ) of the epidermal cells . In addition , melanosomes determine the darkness of the stratum lucidum . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Acute and Chronic Wounds : Current Management Concepts . Mosby Elsevier . 2007 . p. 41 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 323 - 03074 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Narayan , Roger ( 20 June 2009 ) . Biomedical Materials . Springer Science & Business Media . p. 376 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 387 - 84872 - 3 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McGrath , J.A. ; Eady , R.A. ; Pope , F.M. ( 2004 ) . Rook 's Textbook of Dermatology ( Seventh Edition ) . Blackwell Publishing . Pages 3.8 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 632 - 06429 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tortora , Gerard ; Derrickson , Bryan ; Principles of Anatomy and Physiology ( 2009 ) 152 John Wiley & Sons Inc , Hoboken , NJ ISBN 978 - 0 - 470 - 08471 - 7 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Skin and related structures </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Skin </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Epidermis </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stratum corneum </Li> <Li> Stratum lucidum </Li> <Li> Stratum granulosum </Li> <Li> Stratum spinosum </Li> <Li> Stratum basale </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basement membrane </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Basal keratinocyte </Li> <Li> Lamina lucida </Li> <Li> Lamina densa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dermis </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Papillary <Ul> <Li> Dermal papillae </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Reticular </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subcutaneous tissue </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Panniculus / Pannus ( Panniculus adiposus </Li> <Li> Panniculus carnosus ) </Li> <Li> Membranous layer </Li> <Li> Loose connective tissue </Li> <Li> Superficial fascia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adnexa </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Skin glands </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sweat glands : Apocrine sweat gland </Li> <Li> Eccrine sweat gland </Li> <Li> Sebaceous </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hair </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Root sheath </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Outer root sheath </Li> <Li> Inner root sheath <Ul> <Li> Henle 's layer </Li> <Li> Huxley 's layer </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hair shaft </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cuticle </Li> <Li> Cortex </Li> <Li> Medulla </Li> <Li> Bulb with matrix cells </Li> <Li> Hair follicle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Muscle </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arrector pili muscle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pilosebaceous unit </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hair sebaceous gland </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nail </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nail matrix </Li> <Li> Nail plate <Ul> <Li> Lunula </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Eponychium </Li> <Li> Paronychium </Li> <Li> Hyponychium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stratum_lucidum&oldid=788495065 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Skin anatomy </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Lietuvių </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 July 2017 , at 19 : 12 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The skin that covers the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet is

Skin that covers the palms fingertips and soles of the feet?

-7478789317953347820

History of the Indian National Congress - Wikipedia <H1> History of the Indian National Congress </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor 's personal feelings about a topic . Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War . Nationalists on the Salt March <P> From its foundation on 28 December 1885 by 72 individuals with the active help by A.O Hume , a retired British officer , until the time of independence of India on 15 August 1947 , the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization , and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement . </P> <P> After independence of India in 1947 , Mahatma Gandhi asked the leaders to dissolve Indian National Congress and form new organisation to govern the nation . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 1885 -- 1952 <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Muslim Response </Li> <Li> 1.2 Rise of Indian nationalism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 World War I : the battle for the soul <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Champaran and Kheda </Li> <Li> 2.2 The Battle for the soul </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 The Gandhi era </Li> <Li> 4 Expansion and re-organization <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Social development </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Ascendance to power ( 1937 -- 1942 ) <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Traditionalists </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 The final battles <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Quit India </Li> <Li> 6.2 Indian National Army Trials </Li> <Li> 6.3 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny </Li> <Li> 6.4 Partition of India </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 1947 -- 1952 : Transformation <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Constitution </Li> <Li> 7.2 Leadership change </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Congress Leaders </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> 1885 -- 1952 ( edit ) </H2> Allan Octavian Hume <P> Retired British ICS officer Allan Octavian Hume , founded the Indian National Congress ( A political party of India ( British India to Free India ) ) to form a platform for civic and political dialogue of educated Indians with the British Raj . After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the transfer of India from the East India Company to the British Empire ( the Raj ) , it was the goal of the Raj to support and justify its governance of India with the aid of English - educated Indians , who would be familiar and friendly to British culture and political thinking . Ironically , a few of the reasons the Congress grew and survived in the era of undisputed British hegemony , was through the patronage of British authorities , Anglo - Indians , and a rising Indian , English language educated , class . </P> <P> Hume embarked on an endeavor to get an organization started by reaching - out to selected alumni of the University of Calcutta , writing in his 1883 letter that , `` Every nation secures precisely as good a Government as it merits . If you the picked men , the most highly educated of the nation , can not , scorning personal ease and selfish objects , make a resolute struggle to secure greater freedom for yourselves and your country , a more impartial administration , a larger share in the management of your own affairs , then we , your friends , are wrong and our adversaries right , then are Lord Ripon 's noble aspirations for your good fruitless and visionary , then , at present at any rate all hopes of progress are at an end and India truly neither desires nor deserves any better Government than she enjoys . '' </P> <P> In May 1885 , Hume secured the Viceroy 's approval to create an `` Indian National Union '' , which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion . On 12 October 1885 , Hume and a group of educated Indians also published `` An Appeal from the People of India to the Electors of Great Britain and Ireland '' . The Appeal asked British voters in the 1885 British general election to support candidates sympathetic to the positions of Indians . These included opposition to taxing India to finance the British campaigns in Afghanistan , and support for legislative reform in India . The appeal was a failure , and was interpreted by many Indians as `` a rude shock , but a true realization that they had to fight their battles alone . '' On 28 December 1885 , the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay , with 72 delegates in attendance . Hume assumed office as the General Secretary , and Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President . Besides Hume , two additional British members ( both Scottish civil servants ) were members of the founding group , William Wedderburn and Justice ( later , Sir ) John Jardine . The other members were mostly Hindus from the Bombay and Madras Presidencies . </P> <H3> Muslim response ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Many Muslim community leaders , like the prominent educationalist Syed Ahmed Khan , viewed the Congress negatively , owing to its membership being dominated by Hindus . Orthodox Hindu community and religious leaders were also averse , seeing the Congress as supportive of Western cultural invasion . </P> <P> The ordinary people of India were not informed of or concerned about its existence on the whole , for the Congress never attempted to address the issues of poverty , lack of health care , social oppression , and the prejudiced negligence of the people 's concerns by British authorities . The perception of bodies like the Congress was that of an elitist , then educated and wealthy people 's institution . </P> <H3> Rise of Indian nationalism ( edit ) </H3> First session of Indian National Congress , Bombay , 28 -- 31 , December , 1885 . <P> The first spurts of nationalistic sentiment that rose amongst Congress members were when the desire to be represented in the bodies of government , to have a say , a vote in the lawmaking and issues of administration of India . Congressmen saw themselves as loyalists , but wanted an active role in governing their own country , albeit as part of the Empire . </P> <P> This trend was personified by Dadabhai Naoroji , considered by many as the eldest Indian statesman . Naoroji went as far as contesting , successfully , an election to the British House of Commons , becoming its first Indian member . That he was aided in his campaign by young , aspiring Indian student activists like Muhammad Ali Jinnah , describes where the imagination of the new Indian generation lay . </P> <P> Bal Gangadhar Tilak was among the first Indian nationalists to embrace swaraj as the destiny of the nation . Tilak deeply opposed the British education system that ignored and defamed India 's culture , history , and values , defying and disgracing the India culture . He resented the denial of freedom of expression for nationalists , and the lack of any voice or role for ordinary Indians in the affairs of their nation . For these reasons , he considered swaraj as the natural and only solution : the abandonment of all the British things and to protect the Indian economy from the exploitation of the British , and their biased and discriminatory policies . He was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai , Aurobindo Ghose , V.O. Chidambaram Pillai who held the same point of view . Under them , India 's four great states -- Madras , Maharashtra , Bengal , and Punjab region shaped the demand of the people and India 's nationalism . </P> <P> The moderates , led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Pherozeshah Mehta , and Dadabhai Naoroji , held firm to calls for negotiations and political dialogue . Gokhale criticized Tilak for encouraging acts of violence and disorder . The Congress of 1906 did not have public membership , and thus Tilak and his supporters were forced to leave the party . </P> <P> With Tilak 's arrest , all hopes for an Indian offensive were stalled . The Congress lost credit with the people . Muslims formed the All India Muslim League in 1906 , considering the Congress as completely unsuitable for Indian Muslims . </P> <H2> World War I : the battle for the soul ( edit ) </H2> Annie Besant was by far the most prominently involved European in the Indian struggle <P> When the British entered the British Indian Army into World War I , it provoked the first definitive , nationwide political debate of its kind in India . Voices calling for political independence grew in number . </P> <P> The divided Congress re-united in the pivotal Lucknow session in 1916 , with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Krishna Gokhale adorning the stage together once again . Tilak had considerably moderated his views , and now favoured political dialogue with the British . He , along with the young Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mrs. Annie Besant launched the Home Rule Movement to put forth Indian demands for Home Rule -- Indian participation in the affairs of their own country -- a precursor to Swaraj . The All India Home Rule League was formed to demand dominion status within the Empire . </P> <P> But another Indian man with another way was destined to lead the Congress and the Indian struggle . Mohandas Gandhi was a lawyer who had successfully led the struggle of Indians in South Africa against British discriminatory laws . Returning to India in 1915 , Gandhi looked to Indian culture and history , the values and lifestyle of its people to empower a new revolution , with the concept of non-violence , civil disobedience , he coined a term , Satyagraha . </P> <H3> Champaran and Kheda ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Champaran Satyagraha and Kheda Satyagraha <P> Mohandas Karmchand Gandhi , who later on became more popular as Mahatma Gandhi , had success in defeating the British in Champaran and Kheda , giving India its first victory in the struggle for freedom . Then Indian National Congress had supported that movement ; Indians gained confidence in the working of that organization that the British could be thwarted through that organization , and millions of young people from across the country flooded into Congress membership . </P> <H3> The battle for the soul ( edit ) </H3> <P> A whole class of political leaders disagreed with Gandhi . Bipin Chandra Pal , Muhammad Ali Jinnah , Annie Besant , Bal Gangadhar Tilak all criticized the idea of civil disobedience . But Gandhi had the backing

The foundation for the Indian National Congress was laid by

Who laid the foundation for indian national congress?

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List of Major League Baseball spring training cities - wikipedia <H1> List of Major League Baseball spring training cities </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The following is a list of current and former Major League Baseball spring training cities . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Current cities <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Grapefruit League ( Florida ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Cactus League ( Arizona ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Current cities ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Grapefruit League ( Florida ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Current team ( s ) </Th> <Th> Current ballpark ( s ) </Th> <Th> Capacity </Th> <Th> Former occupants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradenton </Td> <Td> Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1969 -- present ) </Td> <Td> LECOM Park </Td> <Td> 6,602 </Td> <Td> St. Louis Cardinals ( 1923 -- 24 ) Philadelphia Phillies ( 1925 -- 27 ) Boston Red Sox ( 1928 -- 29 ) Boston Braves / Milwaukee Braves ( 1928 -- 40 , 1948 -- 61 ) Kansas City / Oakland Athletics ( 1963 -- 68 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clearwater </Td> <Td> Philadelphia Phillies ( 1947 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Spectrum Field </Td> <Td> 8,500 </Td> <Td> Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1923 -- 32 , 1936 -- 41 ) Cleveland Indians ( 1942 , 1946 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dunedin </Td> <Td> Toronto Blue Jays ( 1977 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Dunedin Stadium </Td> <Td> 5,510 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fort Myers </Td> <Td> Boston Red Sox ( 1992 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Jet Blue Park </Td> <Td> 11,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota Twins ( 1991 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Hammond Stadium </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> <Td> Philadelphia Athletics ( 1925 -- 36 ) Cleveland Indians ( 1941 -- 42 ) Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1955 -- 68 ) Kansas City Royals ( 1969 -- 87 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jupiter </Td> <Td> Florida / Miami Marlins ( 2002 -- present ) St. Louis Cardinals ( 1998 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Roger Dean Stadium </Td> <Td> 6,871 </Td> <Td> Montreal Expos ( 1998 -- 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kissimmee </Td> <Td> Houston Astros ( 1985 -- 2016 ) </Td> <Td> Osceola County Stadium </Td> <Td> 5,300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lake Buena Vista ( at WDW ) </Td> <Td> Atlanta Braves ( 1997 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Champion Stadium </Td> <Td> 9,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lakeland </Td> <Td> Detroit Tigers ( 1934 -- 42 , 1946 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Joker Marchant Stadium </Td> <Td> 8,500 </Td> <Td> Cleveland Indians ( 1924 -- 27 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Port Charlotte </Td> <Td> Tampa Bay Rays ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Charlotte Sports Park </Td> <Td> 7,000 </Td> <Td> Texas Rangers ( 1998 -- 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Port St. Lucie </Td> <Td> New York Mets ( 1988 -- present ) </Td> <Td> First Data Field </Td> <Td> 7,347 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sarasota </Td> <Td> Baltimore Orioles ( 1991 , 2010 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Ed Smith Stadium </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> <Td> New York Giants ( 1924 -- 27 ) Boston Red Sox ( 1933 -- 42 , 1946 -- 58 ) Chicago White Sox ( 1960 -- 97 ) Cincinnati Reds ( 1998 -- 2009 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tampa </Td> <Td> New York Yankees ( 1996 -- present ) </Td> <Td> George M. Steinbrenner Field </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> <Td> Chicago Cubs ( 1913 -- 16 ) Boston Red Sox ( 1919 ) Washington Senators ( 1920 -- 29 ) Detroit Tigers ( 1930 ) Cincinnati Reds ( 1930 -- 87 ) Chicago White Sox ( 1954 -- 59 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Viera </Td> <Td> Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals ( 2002 -- 2016 ) </Td> <Td> Space Coast Stadium </Td> <Td> 8,100 </Td> <Td> Florida Marlins ( 1993 -- 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> West Palm Beach </Td> <Td> Washington Nationals ( 2017 -- Present ) Houston Astros ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> The Ballpark of The Palm Beaches </Td> <Td> 7,600 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Cactus League ( Arizona ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Current team ( s ) </Th> <Th> Current ballpark ( s ) </Th> <Th> Capacity </Th> <Th> Former occupants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glendale </Td> <Td> Chicago White Sox ( 2009 -- present ) Los Angeles Dodgers ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Camelback Ranch </Td> <Td> 13,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Goodyear </Td> <Td> Cincinnati Reds ( 2010 -- present ) Cleveland Indians ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Goodyear Ballpark </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mesa </Td> <Td> Chicago Cubs ( 2014 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Sloan Park </Td> <Td> 15,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oakland Athletics ( 2015 -- present ) </Td> <Td> HoHoKam Stadium </Td> <Td> 12,623 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Peoria </Td> <Td> San Diego Padres ( 1994 -- present ) Seattle Mariners ( 1994 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Peoria Sports Complex </Td> <Td> 12,882 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Brewers ( 1998 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Maryvale Baseball Park </Td> <Td> 7,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Francisco Giants ( 1964 -- 83 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scottsdale </Td> <Td> San Francisco Giants ( 1992 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Scottsdale Stadium </Td> <Td> 12,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arizona Diamondbacks ( 2011 -- present ) Colorado Rockies ( 2011 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Salt River Fields at Talking Stick </Td> <Td> 11,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surprise </Td> <Td> Kansas City Royals ( 2003 -- present ) Texas Rangers ( 2003 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Surprise Stadium </Td> <Td> 10,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tempe </Td> <Td> Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 1993 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Tempe Diablo Stadium </Td> <Td> 9,785 </Td> <Td> Seattle Pilots / Milwaukee Brewers ( 1969 -- 72 ) Seattle Mariners ( 1977 -- 93 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of MLB stadiums </Li> <Li> List of MLB spring training ballparks </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Major League Baseball Spring training venues . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Major_League_Baseball_spring_training_cities&oldid=825477910 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Major League Baseball spring training </Li> <Li> Major League Baseball lists </Li> <Li> Major League Baseball venues </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 13 February 2018 , at 16 : 50 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The Houston Astros hold their spring training at

Where do the astros play for spring training?

7383354502292277568

List of Oklahoma Sooners football championships - wikipedia <H1> List of Oklahoma Sooners football championships </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> This is a list of championships garnered by the Oklahoma Sooners college football program . </P> <P> The team has captured 47 conference titles , including 14 in a row between 1946 -- 59 , eight divisional titles , and seven claimed national championships : 1950 , 1955 , 1956 , 1974 , 1975 , 1985 , 2000 . In addition to the seven claimed national titles the NCAA also recognizes 10 others : 1915 , 1949 , 1953 , 1957 , 1967 , 1973 , 1978 , 1980 , 1986 , and 2003 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 National championships ( 17 ) </Li> <Li> 2 Conference championships ( 47 ) </Li> <Li> 3 Division championships ( 8 ) </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> National championships ( 17 ) ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The following list of national titles accounts for the seven that are officially claimed by the University of Oklahoma ( in bold ) and the 10 additional titles awarded by other sources that are recognized by the NCAA : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Selector </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1915 </Td> <Td> Billingsley Report </Td> <Td> Bennie Owen </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> Football Research </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 11 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> AP , Coaches , Berryman , Helms , Litkenhous , UPI , William - son </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> Berryman , Football Research </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 9 -- 1 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> AP , Coaches , Berryman , Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , Foot - ball Research , FW , Helms , INS , Litkenhous , National Championship Foundation , Poling , Sagarin , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) , UPI , Williamson </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 11 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> AP , Coaches , Berryman , Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , Foot - ball Research , FW , Helms , INS , Litkenhous , National Championship Foundation , Poling , Sagarin , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) , UPI , Williamson </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> Berryman </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Poling </Td> <Td> Chuck Fairbanks </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> DeVold , Dunkel , Football Research , Sagarin </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> AP , Berryman , Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , FACT , FB News , Football Research , Helms * , Litkenhous , National Championship Foundation * , Poling , Sagarin , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> AP , Coaches , Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , FACT * , FB News , Football Research , FW , Helms * , National Championship Foundation * , NFF , Sagarin , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) , UPI </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> DeVold , Dunkel , FACT , Helms , Litkenhous , Matthews , Poling , Sagarin </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Dunkel , Matthews </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> AP , Coaches , Berryman , Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , FACT , FB News , Football Research , FW , National Championship Foundation , NFF , NY Times , Sagarin * , Sporting News , UPI , USA / CNN </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Berryman , DeVold , Dunkel , Football Research , NY Times , Sagarin </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> AP , Coaches , BCS , Berryman , Billingsley , DeVold , Dunkel , Eck , FACT , FB News , FW , Massey , Matthews , National Championship Foundation , NFF , Sagarin , Sagarin ( ELO - Chess ) , Seattle Times , Sporting News , USA / ESPN </Td> <Td> Bob Stoops </Td> <Td> 13 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Berryman </Td> <Td> Bob Stoops </Td> <Td> 12 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Conference championships ( 47 ) ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Th> Years </Th> <Th> Championships won ( by number ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> 1895 -- 1913 </Td> <Td> None </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference </Td> <Td> 1914 -- 1919 </Td> <Td> None </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Southwest Conference </Td> <Td> 1915 -- 1919 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association </Td> <Td> 1920 -- 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Six Conference * </Td> <Td> 1928 -- 1995 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Seven Conference * </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Eight Conference * </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big 12 Conference </Td> <Td> 1996 -- present </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> * Prior to 1964 when the Big Eight legally assumed the name Big Eight Conference the conference was informally known as the Big Six and Big Seven . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Conference </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Conference Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1915 </Td> <Td> Southwest </Td> <Td> Bennie Owen </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1918 † </Td> <Td> Southwest </Td> <Td> Bennie Owen </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1920 </Td> <Td> MVIAA </Td> <Td> Bennie Owen </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 0 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> Big 6 </Td> <Td> Tom Stidham </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> Big 6 </Td> <Td> Dewey Luster </Td> <Td> 7 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> Big 6 </Td> <Td> Dewey Luster </Td> <Td> 6 -- 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 0 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 1946 † </Td> <Td> Big 6 </Td> <Td> Jim Tatum </Td> <Td> 8 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 1947 † </Td> <Td> Big 6 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 7 -- 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 0 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 11 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 8 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 8 -- 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 9 -- 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 11 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> Big 7 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 7 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Bud Wilkinson </Td> <Td> 8 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Chuck Fairbanks </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 1968 † </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Chuck Fairbanks </Td> <Td> 7 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Chuck Fairbanks </Td> <Td> 11 - 1 </Td> <Td> 6 - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 1975 † </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 1976 † </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 9 -- 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 1978 † </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> 1984 † </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 9 -- 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Big 8 </Td> <Td> Barry Switzer </Td> <Td> 11 -- 1

Oklahoma last won a national championship in football in

When was the last time oklahoma won a national championship in football?

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recording of the song was in 1962 by The Chiffons for their One Fine Day album . It was also recorded by Helen Shapiro for her Helen in Nashville album in February 1963 with Shapiro 's regular producer , Norrie Paramor , and also Al Kasha . Shapiro would recall : `` Right from the first time we heard the song on the rough demo back in London , we thought we were going to sock them between the eyes with that one '' ; however , Shapiro 's version was not one of the cuts chosen as an advance single from the album and by the time of the album 's release that October the `` It 's My Party '' track was perceived as a cover of Lesley Gore 's hit . </P> <P> Lesley Gore recalls that `` It 's My Party '' was among some two hundred demos producer Quincy Jones brought to review with her in the den of her family home in February 1963 . On hearing `` It 's My Party , '' Gore told Jones : `` That 's not half bad . I like it . Good melody . Let 's put it on the maybe pile . '' The song proved to be the only demo Gore and Jones found agreeable . With Jones producing and Claus Ogerman handling arranging and conducting duties , Gore recorded ' It 's My Party ' at Bell Sound Studios in Manhattan on 30 March 1963 . </P> <P> In March 1963 Phil Spector heard the demo of `` It 's My Party '' while visiting Aaron Schroeder 's office . Wally Gold would recall : `` He ( Spector ) said , ' Great , I love it . I 'm gon na do it with the Crystals . ' We ( the song 's writers ) were really excited , because that would ensure that the record was # 1 ! '' Schroeder apparently only learned of the Lesley Gore recording of `` It 's My Party '' when Quincy Jones invited him to hear the completed track , which Schroeder found formulaic ; believing that Spector would be able to cut a much stronger version of the song with the Crystals and not wanting to lose Spector 's good will , Schroeder attempted to convince Jones to suppress the track . Schroeder did n't mention Spector 's version to Jones but Jones and Spector both happened to attend a concert with Charles Aznavour at Carnegie Hall on the evening of 30 March 1963 and when they met outside it came up in conversation that Spector had recorded a version of `` It 's My Party '' with the Crystals . Jones skipped the concert instead spending that night -- a Saturday -- at Bell Sound Studios making a test pressing of the track comprising one hundred copies . Over the next two days Jones mailed these out to radio programmers in key markets across the US . Gore heard her record played on the radio for the first time that Friday ; the official release of `` It 's My Party '' came later in the month , with the disc ascending to # 1 nationally in four weeks . Jones was abroad at the time of `` It 's My Party '' 's release . On his return he expressed dismay when Aaron Schroeder advised him that the rush release of `` It 's My Party '' had precluded coining a more pleasant name for the singer than `` Lesley Gore , '' to which Schroeder replied : `` Did n't anybody tell you ? ... Quince , the record 's number one . Do you really give a damn what her last name is ? '' </P> <P> In 1980 , WCBN - FM , the University of Michigan freeform student radio station , played `` It 's My Party '' for 18 hours straight the day after Ronald Reagan was elected . </P> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1963 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia KMR </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK ( OCC ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard R&B </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1963 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Dave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` It 's My Party '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Dave Stewart with Barbara Gaskin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Waiting in the Wings '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 1981 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' vinyl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1981 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Synthpop </Li> <Li> new wave </Li> <Li> Art Pop </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Stiff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Wally Gold </Li> <Li> John Gluck Jr . </Li> <Li> Herb Weiner </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Dave Stewart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dave Stewart with Barbara Gaskin singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` It 's My Party '' ( 1981 ) </Td> <Td> `` Johnny Rocco '' ( 1982 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` It 's My Party '' ( 1981 ) </Td> <Td> `` Johnny Rocco '' ( 1982 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In 1981 , a remake by British artists Dave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin was a UK number one hit single for four weeks and was also a major hit in Austria ( # 3 ) , Germany ( # 3 ) , the Netherlands ( # 20 ) , New Zealand ( # 1 ) , South Africa ( # 3 ) and Switzerland ( # 6 ) . The track reached # 72 in the US . This was the first version of the song to reach # 1 in the UK . The video for the Stewart / Gaskin version contained a cameo by Thomas Dolby as Johnny , Judy being played by Gaskin in a blond wig . </P> <H2> Other cover versions , sampling , and references ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Paris Sisters recorded a version of `` It 's my Party '' which was slower than Gore 's version . </Li> <Li> In 1963 , a Swedish - language version of the song , `` Leva livet '' , with lyrics by Stikkan Anderson , reached number five in the Swedish hit parade Svensktoppen and became a signature song for the singer , Lill - Babs . </Li> <Li> Donna Reed sang a cover version of the song on the 1966 series finale of The Donna Reed Show . </Li> <Li> Bryan Ferry covered the song for his 1973 album These Foolish Things . </Li> <Li> In 1977 , Carroll Baker had a number one country hit in Canada with her version of `` It 's My Party '' . </Li> <Li> The Chipettes covered the song for the 1983 Alvin and the Chipmunks episode `` May the Best Chipmunk Win '' and the soundtrack Songs from Our TV Shows . </Li> <Li> In 2004 , German pop group Preluders covered the song on their album Prelude to History . </Li> <Li> Amy Winehouse covered the song on Quincy Jones ' 2010 album Q Soul Bossa Nostra . </Li> <Li> Icona Pop used the chorus for their version of `` It 's My Party '' while also adding modern day themes . </Li> <Li> An interpolation of the chorus of `` It 's My Party '' was used in Robin Thicke 's song `` Sex Therapy '' . </Li> <Li> The chorus of `` It 's My Party '' is sampled in the 2015 single `` Pity Party '' by Melanie Martinez . Also , in `` Pity Party '' 's music video , it is seen that the character `` Cry Baby '' is inviting `` Johnny '' ( from the original song ) to her party . </Li> <Li> The song `` Necessary Evil '' by Motionless In White contains some elements from `` It 's My Party '' including the chorus except some words are changed to fit the theme of the song . </Li> <Li> The 1975 references the song `` It 's My Party '' in their song `` You '' with the lyrics `` It 's my party and I 'll cry till the end . '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> The sequel : `` Judy 's Turn to cry '' ( edit ) </H2> <P> Because of the pop cultural obsession with the song and its tragic nature , Gore recorded a sequel titled `` Judy 's Turn to Cry '' . In this song , the teenage girl narrator gets her revenge on Judy . In the lyrics the narrator explicitly finds `` foolish '' how much she cried when she saw Johnny and Judy together , and seems determined to start anew . But after she kisses another boy at another party , Johnny gets jealous , punches the other boy and returns to her . Following just two months on the heels of `` It 's My Party , '' the sequel reached number five on the charts . </P> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1963 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1963 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ As with `` He 's a Rebel '' , the Crystals ' hit for which it was intended as the follow - up , `` It 's My Party '' was actually recorded not by the Crystals but the Blossoms , who cut the track at Gold Star Studios . Darlene Love says the Spector version was `` kinda slow with me and my sister Edna ( Wright ) singing together on lead . Much more R&B than Lesley Gore 's version . '' </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 803 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ankeny , J. `` It 's My Party '' . Allmusic . Retrieved 2011 - 07 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McClary , S. , Knapp , R. , Baur , S. & Warwick , J.C. ( 2008 ) . Musicological identities : essays in honor of Susan McClary . Ashgate . p. 71 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7546 - 6302 - 7 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tumposky , Ellen ( February 18 , 2015 ) . `` Brooklyn Woman recall origins of Gore 's ' It 's My Party ' '' . Daily News . New York . Retrieved February 18 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` It 's My Party '' . Cha Cha Charming Magazine . Archived from the original on June 12 , 2007 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump

The 1981 hit song "It's My Party" and "I'll Cry If I Want To" was recorded by

Who sang it my party and i'll cry if i want to in the 80?

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Dallas Cowboys - wikipedia <H1> Dallas Cowboys </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dallas Cowboys </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Established January 28 , 1960 ; 57 years ago ( 1960 - 01 - 28 ) First season : 1960 Play in AT&T Stadium Arlington , Texas Headquartered in The Ford Center at The Star Frisco , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Logo </Td> <Td> Wordmark </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> League / conference affiliations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> National Football League ( 1960 -- present ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Western Conference ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Eastern Conference ( 1961 -- 1969 ) <Ul> <Li> Capitol Division ( 1967 -- 1969 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> National Football Conference ( 1970 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> NFC East ( 1970 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current uniform </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team colors </Th> <Td> <P> Navy Blue , Metallic Silver , White , Royal Blue </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mascot </Th> <Td> Rowdy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Personnel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jerry Jones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CEO </Th> <Td> Stephen Jones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President </Th> <Td> Jerry Jones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General manager </Th> <Td> Jerry Jones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> Jason Garrett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Team history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Dallas Cowboys ( 1960 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Team nicknames </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> America 's Team </Li> <Li> Doomsday Defense </Li> <Li> The ' Boys </Li> <Li> Big D </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> League championships ( 5 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Super Bowl championships ( 5 ) 1971 ( VI ) , 1977 ( XII ) , 1992 ( XXVII ) , 1993 ( XXVIII ) , 1995 ( XXX ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Conference championships ( 10 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> NFL Eastern : 1966 , 1967 </Li> <Li> NFC : 1970 , 1971 , 1975 , 1977 , 1978 , 1992 , 1993 , 1995 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Division championships ( 22 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> NFL Capitol : 1967 , 1968 , 1969 </Li> <Li> NFC East : 1970 , 1971 , 1973 , 1976 , 1977 , 1978 , 1979 , 1981 , 1985 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1998 , 2007 , 2009 , 2014 , 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playoff appearances ( 32 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> NFL : 1966 , 1967 , 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1976 , 1977 , 1978 , 1979 , 1980 , 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1985 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2006 , 2007 , 2009 , 2014 , 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Home fields </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Cotton Bowl ( 1960 -- 1971 ) </Li> <Li> Texas Stadium ( 1971 -- 2008 ) </Li> <Li> AT&T Stadium ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex . The Cowboys compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . The team is headquartered in Frisco , Texas , and plays its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington , Texas , which opened for the 2009 season . The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season . The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960 . The team 's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell - outs . The Cowboys ' streak of 190 consecutive sold - out regular and post-season games ( home and away ) began in 2002 . The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times , tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers , and the Denver Broncos for second most Super Bowl appearances in history , just behind the New England Patriots record nine Super Bowl appearances . This has also corresponded to eight NFC championships , most in the NFC . The Cowboys have won five of those Super Bowl appearances , tying them with their NFC rivals , the San Francisco 49ers , and the AFC 's Patriots ; all three are second to Pittsburgh 's record six Super Bowl championships . The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons ( 1966 -- 85 ) , in which they only missed the playoffs twice ( 1974 and 1984 ) , an NFL record that remains unchallenged . </P> <P> In 2015 , the Dallas Cowboys became the first sports team to be valued at $4 billion , making it the most valuable sports team in the world , according to Forbes . The Cowboys also generated $620 million in revenue in 2014 , a record for a U.S. sports team . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1960s </Li> <Li> 1.2 1970s </Li> <Li> 1.3 1980s </Li> <Li> 1.4 1990s </Li> <Li> 1.5 2000 -- 09 </Li> <Li> 1.6 2010 -- 13 </Li> <Li> 1.7 2014 </Li> <Li> 1.8 2015 </Li> <Li> 1.9 2016 </Li> <Li> 1.10 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Logos and uniforms <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Logo </Li> <Li> 2.2 Uniforms <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Uniform history </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Home / road jersey history </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Thanksgiving Day uniforms </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Stadiums <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Cotton Bowl </Li> <Li> 3.2 Texas Stadium </Li> <Li> 3.3 AT&T Stadium </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Training camp sites </Li> <Li> 5 Rivalries <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Washington Redskins </Li> <Li> 5.2 Philadelphia Eagles </Li> <Li> 5.3 New York Giants </Li> <Li> 5.4 Pittsburgh Steelers </Li> <Li> 5.5 San Francisco 49ers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Season - by - season records </Li> <Li> 7 Players of note <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Current roster </Li> <Li> 7.2 Pro Football Hall of Famers </Li> <Li> 7.3 Texas Sports Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> 7.4 Super Bowl MVPs </Li> <Li> 7.5 Ring of Honor </Li> <Li> 7.6 All - time first - round draft picks </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Head coaches and staff <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Head coaches </Li> <Li> 8.2 Current staff </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Radio and television </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of the Dallas Cowboys <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section may be too long to read and navigate comfortably . Please consider splitting content into sub-articles , condensing it , or adding or removing subheadings . ( November 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> 1960s </H3> <P> Prior to the formation of the Dallas Cowboys , there had not been an NFL team south of Washington , D.C. since the Dallas Texans folded in 1952 . Oilman Clint Murchison Jr. had been trying to get an NFL expansion team in Dallas ( as was Lamar Hunt -- who ended up with an AFL franchise ) , but George Preston Marshall , owner of the Washington Redskins , had a monopoly in the South . </P> <P> Murchison had tried to purchase the Washington Redskins from Marshall in 1958 . An agreement was struck , but as the deal was about to be finalized , Marshall called for a change in terms . This infuriated Murchison and he called off the deal . Marshall then opposed any franchise for Murchison in Dallas . Since NFL expansion needed unanimous approval from team owners at that time , Marshall 's position would prevent Murchison from joining the league . </P> <P> Marshall had a falling out with the Redskins band leader Barnee Breeskin . Breeskin had written the music to the Redskins fight song `` Hail to the Redskins '' and Marshall 's wife had penned the lyrics . Breeskin owned the rights to the song and was aware of Murchison 's plight to get an NFL franchise . Angry with Marshall , Breeskin approached Murchison 's attorney to sell him the rights to the song before the expansion vote in 1959 . Murchison purchased `` Hail to the Redskins '' for $2,500 . Before the vote to award franchises in 1959 , Murchison revealed to Marshall that he owned the song and Marshall could not play it during games . After a few Marshall expletives , Murchison gave the rights to `` Hail to the Redskins '' to Marshall for his vote , the lone one against Murchison getting a franchise at that time , and a rivalry was born . </P> <H3> 1970s </H3> The Cowboys playing against the Dolphins in Super Bowl VI . <P> From 1970 through 1979 , the Cowboys won 105 regular season games , more than any other NFL franchise during that span . In addition , they appeared in 5 and won two Super Bowls , at the end of the 1971 and 1977 regular seasons . </P> <H3> 1980s </H3> <P> Danny White became the Cowboys ' starting quarterback in 1980 after quarterback Roger Staubach retired . Despite going to 12 -- 4 in 1980 , the Cowboys came into the playoffs as a Wild Card team . In the opening round of the 1980 -- 81 NFL playoffs they avenged their elimination from the prior year 's playoffs by defeating the Rams . In the Divisional Round they squeaked by the Atlanta Falcons 30 -- 27 . For the NFC Championship they were pitted against division rival Philadelphia , the team that won the division during the regular season . The Eagles captured their first conference championship and Super Bowl berth by winning 20 -- 7 . </P> <P> 1981 brought another division championship for the Cowboys . They entered the 1981 - 82 NFL playoffs as the number 2 seed . Their first game of the postseason saw them blowout and shutout Tampa Bay 38 -- 0 . For the Conference Title game they were pitted against the San Francisco 49ers , the number 1 seed . Despite having a late 4th quarter 27 -- 21 lead , they would lose to the 49ers 28 -- 27 . 49ers quarterback Joe Montana led his team to an 89 - yard game - winning touchdown drive connecting to Dwight Clark in a play known as The Catch . </P> The Cowboys playing against the Broncos in Super Bowl XII . <P> The 1982 season was shortened after a player strike . With a 6 -- 3 record Dallas made it to the playoffs for the 8th consecutive season . As the number 2 seed for the 1982 -- 83 NFL playoffs they eliminated the Buccaneers 30 -- 17 in the Wild Card round and dispatched the Packers 37 -- 26 in the Divisional round to advance to their 3rd consecutive Conference championship game . 3 times was not a charm for the Cowboys as they fell 31 -- 17 to division rival and eventual Super Bowl XVII champions Redskins . </P> <P> For the 1983 season the Cowboys went 12 -- 4 and made it once again to the playoffs but were defeated

The last time the Dallas Cowboys won the Super Bowl was in

When was the last time dallas cowboys won the super bowl?

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Data Protection Act 1998 - wikipedia <H1> Data Protection Act 1998 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Data Protection Act 1998 <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Act of Parliament </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Parliament of the United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Long title </Th> <Td> An Act to make new provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to individuals , including the obtaining , holding , use or disclosure of such information . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territorial extent </Th> <Td> United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Royal assent </Th> <Td> 16 July 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commencement </Th> <Td> March 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other legislation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Replaces </Th> <Td> Data Protection Act 1984 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Status : Current legislation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Text of the Data Protection Act 1998 as in force today ( including any amendments ) within the United Kingdom , from legislation.gov.uk </Th> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Data Protection Act 1998 ( c 29 ) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system . It follows the EU Data Protection Directive 1995 protection , processing and movement of data . Individuals have legal rights to control information about themselves . Most of the Act does not apply to domestic use , for example keeping a personal address book . Anyone holding personal data for other purposes is legally obliged to comply with this Act , subject to some exemptions . The Act defines eight data protection principles to ensure that information is processed lawfully . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Contents <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Scope of protection </Li> <Li> 2.2 Data protection principles </Li> <Li> 2.3 Exceptions </Li> <Li> 2.4 Police and court powers </Li> <Li> 2.5 Offences </Li> <Li> 2.6 Complexity </Li> <Li> 2.7 Definition of personal data </Li> <Li> 2.8 Subject Access Requests </Li> <Li> 2.9 Information Commissioner </Li> <Li> 2.10 EU 's Article 29 Working Party </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links <Ul> <Li> 5.1 UK legislation </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The 1998 Act replaced the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Personal Files Act 1987 and implemented the EU Data Protection Directive 1995 . </P> <P> The Privacy and Electronic Communications ( EC Directive ) Regulations 2003 altered the consent requirement for most electronic marketing to `` positive consent '' such as an opt in box . Exemptions remain for the marketing of `` similar products and services '' to existing customers and enquirers , which can still be given permission on an opt out basis . </P> <P> The Jersey data protection law was modelled on the UK law . </P> <H2> Contents ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Scope of Protection ( edit ) </H3> <P> Section 1 defines `` personal data '' as any data that can be used to identify a living individual . Anonymised or aggregated data is less regulated by the Act , providing the anonymisation or aggregation has not been done in a reversible way . Individuals can be identified by various means including their name and address , telephone number or email address . The Act applies only to data which is held , or intended to be held , on computers ( ' equipment operating automatically in response to instructions given for that purpose ' ) , or held in a ' relevant filing system ' . </P> <P> In some cases a paper address book can be classified as a ' relevant filing system ' for example diaries used to support commercial activities , such as a salesperson 's diary . </P> <P> The Freedom of Information Act 2000 modified the act for public bodies and authorities , and the Durant case modified the interpretation of the act by providing case law and precedent . </P> <P> A person who has their data processed has the following rights : </P> <Ul> <Li> under section 7 , to view the data an organisation holds on them for a reasonable fee : the maximum fee is £ 2 for requests to credit reference agencies , £ 50 for health and educational request , and £ 10 per individual otherwise , </Li> <Li> under section 14 , request that incorrect information be corrected . If the company ignores the request , a court can order the data to be corrected or destroyed , and in some cases compensation can be awarded . </Li> <Li> under section 10 , require that data is not used in any way that may potentially cause damage or distress . </Li> <Li> under section 11 , require that their data is not used for direct marketing . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Data Protection principles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Schedule 1 lists eight `` data protection principles '' . </P> <Ol> <Li> Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and , in particular , shall not be processed unless : <Ol> <Li> at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met , and </Li> <Li> in the case of sensitive personal data , at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also met . </Li> </Ol> </Li> <Li> Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes , and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes . </Li> <Li> Personal data shall be adequate , relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed . </Li> <Li> Personal data shall be accurate and , where necessary , kept up to date . </Li> <Li> Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes . </Li> <Li> About the rights of individuals e.g. personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects ( individuals ) . </Li> <Li> Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of , or damage to , personal data . </Li> <Li> Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data . </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Conditions relevant to the first principle </Dt> </Dl> <P> Personal data should only be processed fairly and lawfully . In order for data to be classed as ' fairly processed ' , at least one of these six conditions must be applicable to that data ( Schedule 2 ) . </P> <Ol> <Li> The data subject ( the person whose data is stored ) has consented ( `` given their permission '' ) to the processing ; </Li> <Li> Processing is necessary for the performance of , or commencing , a contract ; </Li> <Li> Processing is required under a legal obligation ( other than one stated in the contract ) ; </Li> <Li> Processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject ; </Li> <Li> Processing is necessary to carry out any public functions ; </Li> <Li> Processing is necessary in order to pursue the legitimate interests of the `` data controller '' or `` third parties '' ( unless it could unjustifiably prejudice the interests of the data subject ) . </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Consent </Dt> </Dl> <P> Except under the below mentioned exceptions , the individual needs to consent to the collection of their personal information and its use in the purpose ( s ) in question . The European Data Protection Directive defines consent as `` ... any freely given specific and informed indication of his wishes by which the data subject signifies his agreement to personal data relating to him being processed '' , meaning the individual may signify agreement other than in writing . However , non-communication should not be interpreted as consent . </P> <P> Additionally , consent should be appropriate to the age and capacity of the individual and other circumstances of the case . E.g. , if an organisation `` intends to continue to hold or use personal data after the relationship with the individual ends , then the consent should cover this . '' And even when consent is given , it should n't be assumed to last forever . Although in most cases consent lasts for as long as the personal data needs to be processed , individuals may be able to withdraw their consent , depending on the nature of the consent and the circumstances in which the personal information is being collected and used . </P> <P> The Data Protection Act also specifies that sensitive personal data must be processed according to a stricter set of conditions , in particular any consent must be explicit . </P> <H3> Exceptions ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Act is structured such that all processing of personal data is covered by the act , while providing a number of exceptions in Part IV . Notable exceptions are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Section 28 -- National security . Any processing for the purpose of safeguarding national security is exempt from all the data protection principles , as well as Part II ( subject access rights ) , Part III ( notification ) , Part V ( enforcement ) , and Section 55 ( Unlawful obtaining of personal data ) . </Li> <Li> Section 29 -- Crime and taxation . Data processed for the prevention or detection of crime , the apprehension or prosecution of offenders , or the assessment or collection of taxes are exempt from the first data protection principle . </Li> <Li> Section 36 -- Domestic purposes . Processing by an individual only for the purposes of that individual 's personal , family or household affairs is exempt from all the data protection principles , as well as Part II ( subject access rights ) and Part III ( notification ) . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Police and court powers ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Act grants or acknowledges various police and court powers . </P> <Ul> <Li> Section 29 -- Consent of the Data Subject is not required when processing Personal Data to prevent or detect crime , apprehend or prosecute offenders , the assessment and collection of taxes and duties and to discharge a statutory function . </Li> <Li> Section 35 -- Disclosures required by law or made in connection with legal proceedings . This includes obeying court orders , other laws and are part of legal proceedings . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Offences ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Act details a number of civil and criminal offences for which data controllers may be liable if a data controller has failed to gain appropriate consent from a data subject . However , ' consent ' is not specifically defined in the Act and so is a common law matter . </P> <Ul> <Li> Section 21 ( 1 ) makes it an offence to process personal information without registration . </Li> <Li> Section 21 ( 2 ) makes it an offence to fail to comply with the notification regulations made by the Secretary of State ( proposed by the Information Commissioner under section 25 of the Act ) . </Li> <Li> Section 55 makes unlawful obtaining of personal data . This section makes it an offence for people ( Other Parties ) , such as hackers and impersonators , outside the organisation to obtain unauthorised access to the personal data . </Li> <Li> Section 56 makes it a criminal offence to require an individual to make a Subject Access Request relating to cautions or convictions for the purposes of recruitment , continued employment , or the provision of services . This section came into

In the UK, legislation regarding data protection and security is governed by

Legislation regarding data protection and security in uk?

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Eurostar - Wikipedia <H1> Eurostar </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the passenger railway service linking the United Kingdom , France , Belgium and Netherlands . For other uses , see Eurostar ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Eurostar <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Overview </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise ( s ) </Th> <Td> Not subject to franchising ; international joint operation 1994 -- 2009 ; international high speed operator 2010 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main stations ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> London St Pancras </Li> <Li> Paris Gare du Nord , </Li> <Li> Brussels Midi / Zuid </Li> <Li> Amsterdam Centraal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other stations ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ebbsfleet International </Li> <Li> Ashford International </Li> <Li> Calais - Fréthun </Li> <Li> Lille - Europe </Li> <Li> Marne - la - Vallée - Chessy </Li> <Li> Bourg - Saint - Maurice </Li> <Li> Aime - la - Plagne </Li> <Li> Moûtiers </Li> <Li> Lyon - Part - Dieu </Li> <Li> Avignon TGV </Li> <Li> Marseille - Saint - Charles </Li> <Li> Rotterdam Centraal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fleet size </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 27 Class 373 / 1 ( e300 ) sets </Li> <Li> 17 Class 374 Velaro ( e320 ) sets </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stations called at </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stations operated </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> National Rail abbreviation </Th> <Td> ES </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parent company </Th> <Td> Eurostar International Limited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.eurostar.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Eurostar is a high - speed railway service connecting London with Amsterdam , Avignon , Brussels , Lille , Lyon , Marseille , Paris and Rotterdam . All its trains traverse the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France , owned and operated separately by Getlink . </P> <P> The London terminus is St Pancras International , the other British calling points being Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International in Kent . Intermediate calling points in France are Calais - Fréthun and Lille - Europe , with trains to Paris terminating at Gare du Nord . Trains to Belgium terminate at Midi / Zuid station in Brussels . The only intermediate calling point in the Netherlands is Rotterdam Centraal , with trains terminating at Amsterdam Centraal . In addition , there are limited services from London to Disneyland Paris at Marne - la - Vallée -- Chessy , direct services to southern France ( Lyon , Avignon and Marseille ) from May to September ( launched on 1 May 2015 ) , and seasonal direct services to the French Alps in winter ( December to April ) . </P> <P> The service is operated by eighteen - car Class 373 / 1 trains and sixteen - car Class 374 trains which run at up to 300 kilometres per hour ( 186 mph ) on a network of high - speed lines . The LGV Nord line in France opened before Eurostar services began in 1994 , and newer lines enabling faster journeys were added later -- HSL 1 in Belgium and High Speed 1 in southern England . The French and Belgian parts of the network are shared with Paris -- Brussels Thalys services and also with TGV trains . In the United Kingdom the two - stage Channel Tunnel Rail Link project was completed on 14 November 2007 and renamed High Speed 1 , when the London terminus of Eurostar transferred from Waterloo International to St Pancras International . </P> <P> Eurostar was until 2010 operated jointly by the national railway companies of France and Belgium , SNCF and SNCB / NMBS , and Eurostar ( UK ) Ltd ( EUKL ) , a subsidiary of London and Continental Railways ( LCR ) , which also owned the high - speed infrastructure and stations on the British side . Eurostar has become the dominant operator on the routes that it operates , carrying more passengers than all airlines combined . Other operators have expressed an interest in starting competing services following deregulation in 2010 . On 1 September 2010 , Eurostar was incorporated as a single corporate entity called Eurostar International Limited ( EIL ) , replacing the joint operation between EUKL , SNCF and SNCB / NMBS . EIL is owned by SNCF ( 55 % ) , Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec ( CDPQ ) ( 30 % ) , Hermes Infrastructure ( 10 % ) and NMBS ( 5 % ) . </P> <P> In June 2014 , the UK shareholding in Eurostar International Limited was transferred from London and Continental Railways / Department for Transport to HM Treasury . In October 2014 , it was announced that the UK government planned to raise £ 300 million by selling that stake . In March 2015 , the UK government announced that it would be selling its 40 % share to an Anglo - Canadian consortium made up of Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and Hermes Infrastructure . This sale was completed in May 2015 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Conception and planning </Li> <Li> 1.2 Launch of service </Li> <Li> 1.3 Records achieved </Li> <Li> 1.4 Regional Eurostar and Nightstar </Li> <Li> 1.5 Ashford International station </Li> <Li> 1.6 Rules for cycles on trains </Li> <Li> 1.7 Wi - Fi and onboard entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Mainline routes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 LGV Nord </Li> <Li> 2.2 Channel Tunnel </Li> <Li> 2.3 HSL 1 </Li> <Li> 2.4 High Speed 1 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Services <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Frequency </Li> <Li> 3.2 Fares </Li> <Li> 3.3 Service connections </Li> <Li> 3.4 Controls and security </Li> <Li> 3.5 Operational performance </Li> <Li> 3.6 Awards and accolades </Li> <Li> 3.7 Organisation </Li> <Li> 3.8 Railteam </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Fleet <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Fleet details </Li> <Li> 4.2 Current fleet <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Class 373 <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1.1 Fleet updates </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Class 374 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 Past fleet </Li> <Li> 4.4 Possible use of double - deck trains </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Accidents , incidents and events <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Minor incidents </Li> <Li> 5.2 1996 </Li> <Li> 5.3 2000 </Li> <Li> 5.4 2007 </Li> <Li> 5.5 2009 </Li> <Li> 5.6 2010 </Li> <Li> 5.7 2011 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Possible developments <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Stratford International station </Li> <Li> 6.2 Regional Eurostar </Li> <Li> 6.3 High Speed 2 </Li> <Li> 6.4 LGV Picardie </Li> <Li> 6.5 New destinations <Ul> <Li> 6.5. 1 Operational difficulties with cross-border trains </Li> <Li> 6.5. 2 French high - speed rail expansion </Li> <Li> 6.5. 3 Eurostar expansion </Li> <Li> 6.5. 4 Southern France </Li> <Li> 6.5. 5 Netherlands </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.6 Competition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception and planning ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Channel Tunnel , Getlink , and TransManche Link A typical Channel Tunnel cross section . A service tunnel lies in between the twin rail tunnels . <P> The history of Eurostar can be traced to the 1986 choice of a rail tunnel to provide a cross-channel link between Britain and France . A previous attempt at constructing a tunnel between the two nations had begun in 1974 , but was quickly aborted . In 1988 construction began on a new basis . Eurotunnel was created to manage and own the tunnel , which was finished in 1993 , the official opening taking place in May 1994 . </P> <P> In addition to the tunnel 's shuttle trains carrying cars and lorries between Folkestone and Calais , the decision to build a railway tunnel opened up the possibility of through passenger and freight train services between places further afield . British Rail and SNCF contracted with Eurotunnel to use half the tunnel 's capacity for this purpose . In 1987 Britain , France and Belgium set up an International Project Group to specify a train to provide an international high - speed passenger service through the tunnel . France had been operating high - speed TGV services since 1981 , and had begun construction of a new high - speed line between Paris and the Channel Tunnel , LGV Nord ; French TGV technology was chosen as the basis for the new trains . An order for 30 trainsets , to be manufactured in France but with some British and Belgian components , was placed in December 1989 . On 20 June 1993 , the first Eurostar test train travelled through the tunnel to the UK . Various technical difficulties in running the new trains on British tracks were quickly overcome . </P> <H3> Launch of service ( edit ) </H3> Eurostar logo 1994 -- 2011 <P> On 14 November 1994 , Eurostar services began between Waterloo International station in London , Gare du Nord in Paris and Brussels - South railway station in Brussels . The train service started with a limited Discovery service , the full daily service started from 28 May 1995 . </P> <P> In 1995 Eurostar was achieving an average end - to - end speed of 171.5 km / h ( 106.6 mph ) between London and Paris . On 8 January 1996 Eurostar launched services from a second railway station in the UK when Ashford International was opened . </P> <P> On 23 September 2003 passenger services began running on the first completed section of High Speed 1 . Following a high - profile glamorous opening ceremony and a large advertising campaign , on 14 November 2007 Eurostar services in London transferred from Waterloo to the extended and extensively refurbished St Pancras International . </P> <H3> Records achieved ( edit ) </H3> Eurostar relocated from Waterloo International station to St Pancras International station in 2007 <P> The Channel Tunnel used by Eurostar services holds the record for having the longest undersea section anywhere in the world , and it is the second longest rail tunnel in the world . A Eurostar train set a new British speed record of 334.7 km / h ( 208.0 mph ) on the first section of High Speed 1 on 30 July 2003 , two months before services began running upon the first section of High Speed 1 . </P> <P> On 16 May 2006 Eurostar set a new record for the longest non-stop high - speed journey , a distance of 1,421 kilometres ( 883 mi ) from London to Cannes taking 7 hours 25 minutes . On 4 September 2007 a record - breaking train left Paris Gare du Nord at 10 : 44 ( 09 : 44 BST ) and reached London St Pancras in 2 hours 3 minutes 39 seconds ; carrying journalists and railway workers . The train was the first passenger - carrying arrival at St Pancras International station . On 20 September 2007 , Eurostar broke another record when it completed the journey from Brussels to London in 1 hour , 43 minutes . </P> <H3> Regional Eurostar and Nightstar ( edit ) </H3> A pair of Eurostar trains at the former Waterloo International Further information : Regional Eurostar and Nightstar ( train ) <P> The original proposals for Eurostar included direct services to Paris and Brussels from cities north of London ( NoL ) : Manchester via Birmingham on the West Coast Main Line and on the East Coast Main Line Leeds and Glasgow via Edinburgh , Newcastle and York . Seven shorter NoL Eurostar trains for these Regional Eurostar services were built , but these services never ran . Predicted journey times of almost nine hours for Glasgow to Paris at the time of growth of low - cost air travel during the 1990s made the plans commercially unviable against the cheaper and quicker airlines . Other reasons that have been suggested for these services having never been

The Eurostar train arrives in London at

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on immigration from Britain since the ending of special status for British subjects in the 1960s . Also present in large numbers relative to other cities in Canada ( except Toronto ) , and also present in BC ever since the province was first settled ( unlike Toronto ) , are many European ethnicities of the first and second generation , notably Germans , Ukrainians , Scandinavians , Yugoslavs and Italians ; third - generation Europeans are generally of mixed lineage , and traditionally intermarried with other ethnic groups more than in any other Canadian province . The percentages add to more than 100 % because of dual responses ( e.g. `` French - Canadian '' generates an entry in both the category `` French '' and the category `` Canadian '' ) . In recent decades , the proportion of those of Chinese ethnicity has risen sharply , though still outnumbered by the historically - strong population of those of German ancestry . Visible minorities have become an important factor in ethnic - based politics , though most visible minorities are less numerous than the long - standing non-British European ethnicities making up BC 's `` invisible minorities '' . </P> <Dl> <Dd> Further information : Statistics Canada . `` Population by selected ethnic origins , by province and territory ( 2006 Census ) ( British Columbia ) '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> Note : The following statistics represent both single ( e.g. , `` German '' ) and multiple ( e.g. , `` part Chinese , part English '' ) responses to the 2006 Census , and thus do not add up to 100 % . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Ethnic Origin </Th> <Th> Population </Th> <Th> Percent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> English </Td> <Td> 1,207,245 </Td> <Td> 29.63 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scottish </Td> <Td> 828,145 </Td> <Td> 20.32 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian </Td> <Td> 720,200 </Td> <Td> 17.67 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Irish </Td> <Td> 618,120 </Td> <Td> 15.17 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German </Td> <Td> 561,570 </Td> <Td> 13.78 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinese </Td> <Td> 432,435 </Td> <Td> 10.60 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> French </Td> <Td> 361,215 </Td> <Td> 8.86 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indian </Td> <Td> 232,370 </Td> <Td> 5.70 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ukrainian </Td> <Td> 197,265 </Td> <Td> 4.84 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch ( Netherlands ) </Td> <Td> 196,420 </Td> <Td> 4.82 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> North American Indian </Td> <Td> 193,060 </Td> <Td> 4.74 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italian </Td> <Td> 143,155 </Td> <Td> 3.51 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norwegian </Td> <Td> 129,420 </Td> <Td> 3.18 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Polish </Td> <Td> 128,360 </Td> <Td> 3.15 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russian </Td> <Td> 114,105 </Td> <Td> 2.80 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Welsh </Td> <Td> 104,275 </Td> <Td> 2.56 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swedish </Td> <Td> 104,025 </Td> <Td> 2.55 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dd> Source : Statistics Canada </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Indo - Canadians ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Indo - Canadians in British Columbia <H2> Visible minorities and Aboriginal peoples ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dd> Note : Statistics Canada defines visible minorities as defined in the Employment Equity Act which defines visible minorities as `` persons , other than Aboriginal peoples , who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour '' . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Visible minority and Aboriginal population ( Canada 2016 Census ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population group </Th> <Th> Population </Th> <Th> % of total population </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> European </Td> <Td> 2,908,420 </Td> <Td> 7001638000000000000 ♠ 63.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Visible minority group Source : </Td> <Td> South Asian </Td> <Td> 365,705 </Td> <Td> 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinese </Td> <Td> 508,480 </Td> <Td> 7001112000000000000 ♠ 11.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Black </Td> <Td> 43,500 </Td> <Td> 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Filipino </Td> <Td> 145,025 </Td> <Td> 7000320000000000000 ♠ 3.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Latin American </Td> <Td> 44,115 </Td> <Td> 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arab </Td> <Td> 19,840 </Td> <Td> 6999400000000000000 ♠ 0.4 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Southeast Asian </Td> <Td> 54,920 </Td> <Td> 7000120000000000000 ♠ 1.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> West Asian </Td> <Td> 48,695 </Td> <Td> 7000110000000000000 ♠ 1.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Korean </Td> <Td> 60,495 </Td> <Td> 7000130000000000000 ♠ 1.3 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japanese </Td> <Td> 41,230 </Td> <Td> 6999900000000000000 ♠ 0.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Visible minority , n.i.e. </Td> <Td> 8,760 </Td> <Td> 6999200000000000000 ♠ 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Multiple visible minority </Td> <Td> 40,465 </Td> <Td> 6999900000000000000 ♠ 0.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Total visible minority population </Td> <Td> 1,381,235 </Td> <Td> 7001303000000000000 ♠ 30.3 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aboriginal group Source : </Td> <Td> First Nations </Td> <Td> 172,520 </Td> <Td> 7000380000000000000 ♠ 3.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Métis </Td> <Td> 89,405 </Td> <Td> 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inuit </Td> <Td> 1,610 </Td> <Td> 5000000000000000000 ♠ 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aboriginal , n.i.e. </Td> <Td> 2,695 </Td> <Td> 6999100000000000000 ♠ 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Multiple Aboriginal identity </Td> <Td> 4,350 </Td> <Td> 6999100000000000000 ♠ 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Total Aboriginal population </Td> <Td> 270,585 </Td> <Td> 7000590000000000000 ♠ 5.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Total population </Td> <Td> 4,560,240 </Td> <Td> 100 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Religions ( edit ) </H2> Religion in British Columbia in 2001 . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Population by religion , Canada and BC ( 2001 Census ) </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Canada </Th> <Th colspan="2"> B.C. </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> number </Td> <Td> % </Td> <Td> number </Td> <Td> % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total population </Td> <Td> 29,639,035 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 3,868,875 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No religious affiliation </Td> <Td> 4,900,090 </Td> <Td> 17 % </Td> <Td> 1,388,300 </Td> <Td> 36 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Protestant </Td> <Td> 8,654,850 </Td> <Td> 29 % </Td> <Td> 1,213,295 </Td> <Td> 31 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Catholic </Td> <Td> 12,936,905 </Td> <Td> 44 % </Td> <Td> 675,320 </Td> <Td> 17 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Christian not included elsewhere </Td> <Td> 780,450 </Td> <Td> 3 % </Td> <Td> 200,345 </Td> <Td> 5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sikh </Td> <Td> 278,410 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> <Td> 135,310 </Td> <Td> 3 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Buddhist </Td> <Td> 300,345 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> <Td> 85,540 </Td> <Td> 2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muslim </Td> <Td> 579,640 </Td> <Td> 2 % </Td> <Td> 56,220 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Christian Orthodox </Td> <Td> 479,620 </Td> <Td> 2 % </Td> <Td> 35,655 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hindu </Td> <Td> 297,200 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> <Td> 31,500 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jewish </Td> <Td> 329,995 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> <Td> 21,230 </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eastern religions </Td> <Td> 37,550 </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 9,970 </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other religions </Td> <Td> 63,975 </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 16,205 </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Source : Statistics Canada 2001 Census http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo30c.htm </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Languages ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Language ( s ) first learned and still understood </Th> <Th> Total </Th> <Th> % </Th> <Th> Male </Th> <Th> Female </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> English only </Td> <Td> 2,825,780 </Td> <Td> 73.03 % </Td> <Td> 1,403,230 </Td> <Td> 1,422,545 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> French only </Td> <Td> 54,405 </Td> <Td> 1.41 % </Td> <Td> 27,340 </Td> <Td> 27,060 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Both English and French </Td> <Td> 6,784 </Td> <Td> 0.18 % </Td> <Td> 3,360 </Td> <Td> 3,452 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other languages </Td> <Td> 981,910 </Td> <Td> 25.38 % </Td> <Td> 470,145 </Td> <Td> 511,765 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Source : Statistics Canada 2001 Census </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Demographics of Canada 's provinces and territories <Ul> <Li> Demographics of Canada </Li> <Li> List of Canadian provinces and territories by population </Li> <Li> Demographics of Vancouver </Li> <Li> Demographics of Abbotsford , British Columbia </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ BC 's birth rate , teen births lowest in Pacific Northwest -- Sightline Institute </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ 25_imr. FH10 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/DATA/pop/vital/exp0_bc.csv </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Northwest 's birth rate , teen births hit record lows -- Sightline Institute </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Statistics Canada - Population </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/pop/dynamic/PopulationStatistics/Query.asp?category=Health&type=HA&topic=Estimates&agegrouptype=Standard&subtype=&region=0&year=2005&agegroup=5-year&gender=a&rowsperpage=50000&output=file </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Population by selected ethnic origins , by province and territory ( 2006 Census ) ( British Columbia ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ 2001 Canadian Census Archived 2006 - 06 - 26 at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) , Community Profiles from the 2006 Census , Statistics Canada - Province / Territory </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 2 ) , Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census , Statistics Canada - Province / Territory </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> British Columbia portal </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Demographics of Canada ( by province or territory ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Provinces </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alberta </Li> <Li> British Columbia </Li> <Li> Manitoba </Li> <Li> New Brunswick </Li> <Li> Newfoundland and Labrador </Li> <Li> Nova Scotia </Li> <Li> Ontario </Li> <Li> Prince Edward Island </Li> <Li> Quebec </Li> <Li> Saskatchewan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territories </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Northwest Territories </Li> <Li> Nunavut </Li> <Li> Yukon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> Category </Li> <Li> Portal </Li> <Li> WikiProject </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> People of Canada </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ethnic ancestry </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Canada </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Canadian </Li> <Li> Indigenous <Ul> <Li> First Nations </Li> <Li> Inuit </Li> <Li> Métis </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Africa </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Horn of Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Djiboutian </Li> <Li> Eritrean </Li> <Li> Ethiopian </Li> <Li> Somali </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> North Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arab <Ul> <Li> Algerian </Li> <Li> Egyptian </Li> <Li> Libyan </Li> <Li> Moroccan </Li> <Li> Sudanese </Li> <Li> Tunisian </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Berber </Li> <Li> Coptic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southeast Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Burundian </Li> <Li> Kenyan </Li> <Li> Rwandan </Li> <Li> South Sudanese </Li> <Li> Tanzanian </Li> <Li> Ugandan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southern Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> South African </Li> <Li> Zimbabwean </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cape Verdean </Li> <Li> Ghanaian </Li> <Li> Nigerian <Ul> <Li> Igbo </Li> <Li> Yoruba </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Americas </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> North America </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> American </Li> <Li> English North American </Li> <Li> Mexican </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Caribbean </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Barbadian </Li> <Li> Cuban </Li> <Li> Guyanese </Li> <Li> Haitian </Li> <Li> Jamaican </Li> <Li> Trinidadian / Tobagonian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin America </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Argentine </Li> <Li> Brazilian </Li> <Li> Chilean </Li> <Li> Colombian </Li> <Li> Cuban </Li> <Li> Peruvian </Li> <Li> Salvadoran </Li> <Li> Uruguayan </Li> <Li> Venezuelan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Asia </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Central Asia </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kazakh </Li> <Li> Tajik </Li> <Li> Uzbek </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> East Asia </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chinese <Ul> <Li> Tibetan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Hong Kong </Li> <Li> Japanese </Li> <Li> Korean </Li> <Li> Mongolian </Li> <Li> Taiwanese </Li> </Ul>

The main religion in British Columbia is

What is the main religion in british columbia?

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Free trade Area of the Americas - Wikipedia <H1> Free trade Area of the Americas </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The Free Trade Area of the Americas logo <P> The Free Trade Area of the Americas ( FTAA ; Spanish : Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas , ALCA ; French : Zone de libre - échange des Amériques , ZLÉA ; Portuguese : Área de Livre Comércio das Américas , ALCA ; Dutch : Vrijhandelszone van Amerika ) was a proposed agreement to eliminate or reduce the trade barriers among all countries in the Americas , excluding Cuba . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Beginning </Li> <Li> 1.2 Disagreements </Li> <Li> 1.3 Current status </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Membership </Li> <Li> 3 Support and opposition </Li> <Li> 4 Agreements <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Previous agreements </Li> <Li> 4.2 Current agreements </Li> <Li> 4.3 Proposed agreements </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Security pacts </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the latest round of negotiations , trade ministers from 34 countries met in Miami , Florida , in the United States , in November 2003 to discuss the proposal . The proposed agreement was an extension of the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) between Canada , Mexico , and the United States . Opposing the proposal were Cuba , Venezuela , Bolivia , Ecuador , Dominica , and Nicaragua ( all of which entered the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas in response ) , and Mercosur member states . Discussions have faltered over similar points as the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization ( WTO ) talks ; developed nations seek expanded trade in services and increased intellectual property rights , while less developed nations seek an end to agricultural subsidies and free trade in agricultural goods . Similar to the WTO talks , Brazil has taken a leadership role among the less developed nations , while the United States has taken a similar role for the developed nations . </P> <H3> Beginning ( edit ) </H3> <P> Free Trade Area of the Americas began with the Summit of the Americas in Miami , Florida , on December 11 , 1994 , but the FTAA came to public attention during the Quebec City Summit of the Americas , held in Canada in 2001 , a meeting targeted by massive anti-corporatization and anti-globalization protests . The Miami negotiations in 2003 met similar protests , though perhaps not as large . </P> <H3> Disagreements ( edit ) </H3> <P> In previous negotiations , the United States had pushed for a single comprehensive agreement to reduce trade barriers for goods , while increasing intellectual property protection . Specific intellectual property protections could include Digital Millennium Copyright Act - style copyright protections similar to the U.S. - Australia Free Trade Agreement . Another protection would likely restrict the reimportation or cross-importation of pharmaceuticals , similar to the proposed agreement between the United States and Canada . Brazil proposed a three - track approach that calls for a series of bilateral agreements to reduce specific tariffs on goods , a hemispheric pact on rules of origin , and a dispute resolution process ; Brazil proposed to omit the more controversial issues from the FTAA , leaving them to the WTO . </P> <P> The location of the FTAA Secretariat was to have been determined in 2005 . The contending cities are : Atlanta , Chicago , Galveston , Houston , San Juan , and Miami in the United States ; Cancún and Puebla in Mexico ; Panama City , Panama ; and Port of Spain , Trinidad and Tobago . The U.S. city of Colorado Springs also submitted its candidacy in the early days but subsequently withdrew . Miami , Panama City and Puebla served successively as interim secretariat headquarters during the negotiation process . </P> <P> The last summit was held at Mar del Plata , Argentina , in November 2005 , but no agreement on FTAA was reached . Of the 34 countries present at the negotiations , 26 pledged to meet again in 2006 to resume negotiations , but no such meeting took place . The failure of the Mar del Plata summit to establish a comprehensive FTAA agenda augured poorly . </P> <H3> Current status ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( July 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The FTAA missed the targeted deadline of 2005 , which followed the stalling of useful negotiations of the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005 . Over the next few years , some governments , most notably the United States , not wanting to lose any chance of hemispheric trade expansion moved in the direction of establishing a series of bilateral trade deals . The leaders however , planned further discussions at the Sixth Summit of the Americas in Cartagena , Colombia , in 2012 . </P> <H2> Membership ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following countries are in the plans of the Free Trade Area of the Americas : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Antigua and Barbuda </Li> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Bahamas </Li> <Li> Barbados </Li> <Li> Belize </Li> <Li> Bolivia </Li> <Li> Brazil </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> Chile </Li> <Li> Colombia </Li> <Li> Costa Rica </Li> <Li> Dominica </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dominican Republic </Li> <Li> Ecuador </Li> <Li> El Salvador </Li> <Li> Grenada </Li> <Li> Guatemala </Li> <Li> Guyana </Li> <Li> Haiti </Li> <Li> Honduras </Li> <Li> Jamaica </Li> <Li> Mexico </Li> <Li> Nicaragua </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Panama </Li> <Li> Paraguay </Li> <Li> Peru </Li> <Li> Saint Kitts and Nevis </Li> <Li> Saint Lucia </Li> <Li> Saint Vincent and the Grenadines </Li> <Li> Suriname </Li> <Li> Trinidad and Tobago </Li> <Li> United States </Li> <Li> Uruguay </Li> <Li> Venezuela </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Support and opposition ( edit ) </H2> <P> A vocal critic of the FTAA was Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez , who has described it as an `` annexation plan '' and a `` tool of imperialism '' for the exploitation of Latin America . As a counterproposal to this initiative , Chávez promoted the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas ( Alianza Bolivariana para las Américas , ALBA ) , based mostly on the model of the Eurasian Economic Community , which emphasizes energy and infrastructure agreements that are gradually extended to other areas finally to include the total economic , political and military integration of the member states . Evo Morales of Bolivia has referred to the U.S. - backed Free Trade Area of the Americas , as `` an agreement to legalize the colonization of the Americas '' . </P> <P> On the other hand , the then presidents of Brazil , Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , and Argentina , Néstor Kirchner , have stated that they do not oppose the FTAA but they do demand that the agreement provide for the elimination of U.S. agriculture subsidies , the provision of effective access to foreign markets and further consideration towards the needs and sensibilities of its members . </P> <P> One of the most contentious issues of the treaty proposed by the United States is with concerns to patents and copyrights . Critics claim that if the measures proposed by the United States were implemented and applied this would reduce scientific research in Latin America . On the left - wing Council of Canadians web site , Barlow wrote : `` This agreement sets enforceable global rules on patents , copyrights and trademark . It has gone far beyond its initial scope of protecting original inventions or cultural products and now permits the practice of patenting plants and animal forms as well as seeds . It promotes the private rights of corporations over local communities and their genetic heritage and traditional medicines '' . </P> <P> On the weekend of April 20 , 2001 , the 3rd Summit of the Americas was a summit held in Quebec City , Canada . This international meeting was a round of negotiations regarding a proposed FTAA . </P> <H2> Agreements ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are currently 34 countries in the Western Hemisphere , stretching from Canada to Chile that still have the FTAA as a long term goal . The Implementation of a full multilateral FTAA between all parties could be made possible by enlargement of existing agreements . North America , with the exception of Cuba and Haiti ( which has participated in economic integration with the Caricom since 2002 ) has come close to setting up a subcontinental free trade area . At this point Agreements within the Area of the Americas include : </P> <H3> Previous agreements ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Canada : Canada -- United States Free Trade Agreement ( 1988 ; superseded by the NAFTA ) </Li> <Li> Costa Rica - Dominican Republic ( superseded by DR - CAFTA ) </Li> <Li> Costa Rica - Trinidad and Tobago ( superseded by a Costa Rica - CARICOM FTA ) . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Current agreements ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Canada , Mexico and United States : North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ; 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua , Dominican Republic and United States : Dominican Republic -- Central America Free Trade Agreement ( DR - CAFTA ; 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Chile , Colombia , Mexico and Peru : Pacific Alliance ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Chile -- United States Free Trade Agreement ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Peru -- United States Trade Promotion Agreement ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> United States -- Colombia Free Trade Agreement ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Panama -- United States Trade Promotion Agreement ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Bolivia - Mexico </Li> <Li> Canada - Chile </Li> <Li> Canada - Colombia </Li> <Li> Canada - Costa Rica </Li> <Li> Canada - Honduras </Li> <Li> Canada - Panama </Li> <Li> Canada - Peru </Li> <Li> Chile - Mexico </Li> <Li> Chile - Costa Rica </Li> <Li> Costa Rica - Mexico </Li> <Li> Costa Rica - CARICOM </Li> <Li> Mexico - Nicaragua </Li> <Li> Mexico - Uruguay </Li> <Li> Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay and Venezuela - Mercosur ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> Bolivia , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru - Andean Community ( 1969 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Proposed agreements ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> Active negotiations </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Canada - CARICOM : </Li> <Li> Canada - Central America ( CA4TA - Guatemala , El Salvador , Nicaragua , Honduras ) </Li> <Li> Canada - Mexico - Peru - Chile ( among other Pacific nations ) : Trans - Pacific Partnership </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Negotiations on hold </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> CARICOM - Mercosur : </Li> <Li> United States - Ecuador : U.S. - Ecuador Free Trade Agreement </Li> <Li> CARICOM - North American Free Trade Agreement , first discussed in 1993 -- 1994 </Li> </Ul> <H2> Security pacts ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> United States - Central America - Mexico ( Mérida Initiative ) </Li> <Li> United States - CARICOM - Dominican Republic ( Partnership for Prosperity and Security in the Caribbean </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Miami model </Li> <Li> Pacific Alliance </Li> <Li> Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty </Li> <Li> Transatlantic Free Trade Area ( TAFTA ) </Li> <Li> Community of Latin American and Caribbean States </Li> <Li> Union of South American Nations </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ALCA - FTAA - ZLEA - Ministerial Declaration - Miami 2003 '' . Ftaa-alca.org . Retrieved 2013 - 08 - 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ALCA - FTAA - ZLEA - Candidate Cities for the Permanent Site of the FTAA

The Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) would

What would the free trade agreement of the americas (ftaa) do?

-2845496538467740740

English Channel - wikipedia <H1> English Channel </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the body of water . For the racehorse , see English Channel ( horse ) . `` The Channel '' redirects here . For other uses , see channel ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> English Channel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Western Europe ; between the Celtic Sea and North Sea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> Coordinates : 50 ° N 02 ° W  /  50 ° N 2 ° W  / 50 ; - 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Part of </Th> <Td> Atlantic Ocean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Primary inflows </Th> <Td> River Exe , River Seine , River Test , River Tamar , River Somme </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basin countries </Th> <Td> United Kingdom France Guernsey Jersey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max. length </Th> <Td> 560 km ( 350 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max . width </Th> <Td> 240 km ( 150 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface area </Th> <Td> 75,000 km ( 29,000 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average depth </Th> <Td> 63 m ( 207 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max . depth </Th> <Td> 174 m ( 571 ft ) at Hurd 's Deep </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Salinity </Th> <Td> 3.4 -- 3.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max . temperature </Th> <Td> 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Min . temperature </Th> <Td> 5 ° C ( 41 ° F ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Islands </Th> <Td> Île de Bréhat , Île de Batz , Chausey , Tatihou , Îles Saint - Marcouf , Isle of Wight , Jersey , Guernsey , Alderney , Sark , Herm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Settlements </Th> <Td> Bournemouth , Brighton , Plymouth , Portsmouth , Calais , Le Havre </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The English Channel ( French : la Manche , `` the Sleeve '' ; German : Ärmelkanal , `` Sleeve Channel '' ; Breton : Mor Breizh , `` Sea of Brittany '' ; Cornish : Mor Bretannek , `` British Sea '' ) , also called simply the Channel , is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France , and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean . </P> <P> It is about 560 km ( 350 mi ) long and varies in width from 240 km ( 150 mi ) at its widest to 33.3 km ( 20.7 mi ) in the Strait of Dover . It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe , covering an area of some 75,000 km ( 29,000 sq mi ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geography </Li> <Li> 2 Name <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Ancient references </Li> <Li> 2.2 History and etymology </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Geological origins ; giant waterfalls and catastrophic floods </Li> <Li> 4 Human geography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Route to the British Isles </Li> <Li> 4.2 Norsemen and Normans </Li> <Li> 4.3 England and Britain : Naval superpower </Li> <Li> 4.4 First World War </Li> <Li> 4.5 Second World War </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Population <Ul> <Li> 5.1 England </Li> <Li> 5.2 France </Li> <Li> 5.3 Channel Islands </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Shipping </Li> <Li> 7 Ecology </Li> <Li> 8 Transport <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Ferry </Li> <Li> 8.2 Channel Tunnel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Economy <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Tourism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Culture and languages </Li> <Li> 11 Channel crossings <Ul> <Li> 11.1 By boat </Li> <Li> 11.2 By air </Li> <Li> 11.3 By swimming </Li> <Li> 11.4 By car </Li> <Li> 11.5 Other types </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> Map of the English Channel <P> The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the English Channel as follows : </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> On the west . A line joining Isle Vierge ( 48 ° 38 ′ 23 '' N 4 ° 34 ′ 13 '' W  /  48.63972 ° N 4.57028 ° W  / 48.63972 ; - 4.57028 ) to Lands End ( 50 ° 04 ′ N 5 ° 43 ′ W  /  50.067 ° N 5.717 ° W  / 50.067 ; - 5.717 ) . </Dd> <Dd> On the east . The southwestern limit of the North Sea . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> The IHO defines the southwestern limit of the North Sea as `` a line joining the Walde Lighthouse ( France , 1 ° 55'E ) and Leathercoat Point ( England , 51 ° 10'N ) '' . The Walde Lighthouse is 6 km east of Calais ( 50 ° 59 ′ 06 '' N 1 ° 55 ′ 00 '' E  /  50.98500 ° N 1.91667 ° E  / 50.98500 ; 1.91667 ) , and Leathercoat Point is at the north end of St Margaret 's Bay , Kent ( 51 ° 10 ′ 00 '' N 1 ° 24 ′ 00 '' E  /  51.16667 ° N 1.40000 ° E  / 51.16667 ; 1.40000 ) . </P> The Strait of Dover viewed from France , looking towards England . The white cliffs of Dover on the English coast are visible from France on a clear day . <P> The Strait of Dover ( French : Pas de Calais ) , at the Channel 's eastern end , is its narrowest point , while its widest point lies between Lyme Bay and the Gulf of Saint Malo near its midpoint . It is relatively shallow , with an average depth of about 120 m ( 390 ft ) at its widest part , reducing to a depth of about 45 m ( 148 ft ) between Dover and Calais . Eastwards from there the adjoining North Sea reduces to about 26 m ( 85 ft ) in the Broad Fourteens where it lies over the watershed of the former land bridge between East Anglia and the Low Countries . It reaches a maximum depth of 180 m ( 590 ft ) in the submerged valley of Hurd 's Deep , 48 km ( 30 mi ) west - northwest of Guernsey . The eastern region along the French coast between Cherbourg and the mouth of the Seine river at Le Havre is frequently referred to as the Bay of the Seine ( French : Baie de Seine ) . </P> Three French river mouths . Top to bottom : the Somme , the Authie and the Canche <P> There are several major islands in the Channel , the most notable being the Isle of Wight off the English coast , and the Channel Islands , British Crown dependencies off the coast of France . The coastline , particularly on the French shore , is deeply indented ; several small islands close to the coastline , including Chausey and Mont Saint - Michel , are within French jurisdiction . The Cotentin Peninsula in France juts out into the Channel , whilst on the English side there is a small parallel channel known as the Solent between the Isle of Wight and the mainland . The Celtic Sea is to the west of the Channel . </P> <P> The Channel acts as a funnel that amplifies the tidal range from less than a metre as observed at sea to more than 6 metres as observed in the Channel Islands , the west coast of the Cotentin Peninsula and the north coast of Britanny . The time difference of about six hours between high water at the eastern and western limits of the Channel is indicative of the tidal range being amplified further by resonance . </P> <P> For the UK Shipping Forecast the Channel is divided into the following areas , from the west : </P> <Ul> <Li> Plymouth </Li> <Li> Portland </Li> <Li> Wight </Li> <Li> Dover </Li> </Ul> <H2> Name ( edit ) </H2> Map with French nomenclature <H3> Ancient references ( edit ) </H3> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Mare Britannicum Roman time ; </Li> <Li> Mare Gallicum Roman time ; </Li> <Li> `` Sea near Gaul '' Roman time ; </Li> <Li> Oceanus Gallicus 6th - 7th century ( Isidore of Sevilla ) ; </Li> <Li> Sūð - sǣ 11th century ( Ælfric ) ; </Li> <Li> mare anglicum 12th century ( Suger ) ; </Li> <Li> Gallico mari 12th century ( William of Newburgh ) ; </Li> <Li> `` arm of the sea south of the country that allows to sail to Gaul '' around 1100 - 1155 ( Geoffrey of Monmouth ) ; </Li> <Li> `` Beyond the sea '' End 14th century ( Jean Froissart ) ; </Li> <Li> Oceanus Britannicus in 1477 ( Taddeo Crivelli ) ; </Li> <Li> Oceanus Britannicus in 1482 ( Nicolaus Germanus ) ; </Li> <Li> Britannico Oceano in 1482 ( Francesco Berlinghieri ) ; </Li> <Li> Mare Anglica in 1540 ( Sebastian Münster ) ; </Li> <Li> Mer Oceane or mare oceanum in the 16th century on various maps ; </Li> <Li> Britannicus Oceanus et La Grand Mer Occeane in 1570 ; </Li> <Li> Oceanus Britannicus 16th century ; </Li> <Li> Mer de France & d'Angleterre in 1587 ; </Li> <Li> Mare Britannicum 16th century ( Jean Jolivet ) ; </Li> <Li> British Ocean in 1595 ( John Norden ) ; </Li> <Li> Channel in 1593 ( Shakespeare ) ; </Li> <Li> mare normandicum , ocean de bretaigne , mer de France 16th to 17th century </Li> <Li> The British or Narrow Sea to the 17th century ; </Li> <Li> British Sea or the Chanell 17th century ; </Li> <Li> le Manche ( masculine ) in 1639 ( Nicolas Sanson ) ; </Li> <Li> la manche d'Angleterre in 1611 ( Cotgrave ) </Li> <Li> La Mer Britannique , vulgairement la Manche in 1623 ; </Li> <Li> British Channel in 1745 ( John Renshaw ) ; </Li> <Li> English Channel 18th century ; </Li> </Ul> <H3> History and etymology ( edit ) </H3> <P> Throughout the centuries until the 18th , the English Channel did not have any fixed name in English and in French . It was never defined as a political border and the names were more or less descriptive . It was not considered as the property of a nation . Strangely , before the development of the modern nations , British scholars very often referred to it as `` Gaulish '' ( Gallicum in Latin ) and French scholars as `` British '' or `` English '' . The name English Channel has been widely used since the early 18th century , possibly originating from the designation Engelse Kanaal in Dutch sea maps from the 16th century onwards . In modern Dutch , however , it is known as Het Kanaal ( with no reference to the word `` English '' ) . Later , it has also been known as the British Channel or the British Sea having been called the Oceanus Britannicus by the 2nd - century geographer Ptolemy . The same name is used on an Italian map of about 1450 , which gives the alternative name of canalites Anglie -- possibly the first recorded use of the Channel designation . The Anglo - Saxon texts often call it Sūð - sǣ ( `` South Sea '' ) as opposed to Norð - sǣ ( `` North Sea '' = Bristol Channel ) . The common word channel was first recorded in Middle English in the 13th century and was borrowed from Old French chanel , variant form of chenel `` canal '' . </P> <P> The French name la Manche has been in use since at least the 17th century . The name is usually said to refer to the Channel 's sleeve ( French :

The average depth of the English Channel is

What is the average depth of the english channel?

4403328729170059703

Krypton - 85 - wikipedia <H1> Krypton - 85 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Krypton - 85 Complete table of nuclides </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Name , symbol </Td> <Td> Krypton , Kr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neutrons </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Protons </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nuclide data </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Half - life </Td> <Td> 10.756 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Isotope mass </Td> <Td> 84.9125273 ( 21 ) u </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spin </Td> <Td> 9 / 2 + </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Decay mode </Th> <Th> Decay energy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beta decay </Td> <Td> 0.687 MeV </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Medium - lived fission products <Tr> <Th> Prop : Unit : </Th> <Th> t ( a ) </Th> <Th> Yield ( % ) </Th> <Th> Q * ( keV ) </Th> <Th> βγ * </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eu </Td> <Td> 4.76 </Td> <Td> 0.0803 </Td> <Td> 252 </Td> <Td> βγ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kr </Td> <Td> 10.76 </Td> <Td> 0.2180 </Td> <Td> 687 </Td> <Td> βγ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cd </Td> <Td> 14.1 </Td> <Td> 0.0008 </Td> <Td> 316 </Td> <Td> β </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sr </Td> <Td> 28.9 </Td> <Td> 4.505 </Td> <Td> 2826 </Td> <Td> β </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cs </Td> <Td> 30.23 </Td> <Td> 6.337 </Td> <Td> 1176 </Td> <Td> βγ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sn </Td> <Td> 43.9 </Td> <Td> 0.00005 </Td> <Td> 390 </Td> <Td> βγ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sm </Td> <Td> 96.6 </Td> <Td> 0.5314 </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> β </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Krypton 85 ( Kr ) is a radioisotope of krypton . </P> <P> It has a half - life of 10.756 years and a maximum decay energy of 687 keV . It decays into stable , non-radioactive rubidium - 85 . Its most common decay ( 99.57 % ) is by beta particle emission with maximum energy of 687 keV and an average energy of 251 keV . The second most common decay ( 0.43 % ) is by beta particle emission ( maximum energy of 173 keV ) followed by gamma ray emission ( energy of 514 keV ) . Other decay modes have very small probabilities and emit less energetic gammas . There are 33 other known isotopes of krypton . </P> <P> In terms of radiotoxicity , 440 Bq of Kr - 85 is equivalent to 1 Bq of radon - 222 , without considering the rest of the radon decay chain . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 is produced in small quantities by the interaction of cosmic rays with stable krypton - 84 in the atmosphere . Natural sources maintain an equilibrium inventory of about 0.09 PBq in the atmosphere . </P> <P> However , as of 2009 the total amount in the atmosphere is estimated at 5500 PBq due to anthropogenic sources . At the end of the year 2000 , it was estimated to be 4800 PBq , and in 1973 , an estimated 1961 PBq ( 53 megacuries ) . The most important of these human sources is nuclear fuel reprocessing . Nuclear fission produces about three atoms of krypton - 85 for every 1000 fissions ; i.e. it has a fission yield of 0.3 % . Most or all of this krypton - 85 is retained in the spent nuclear fuel rods ; spent fuel on discharge from a reactor contains between 0.13 - 1.8 PBq / Mg of krypton - 85 . Some of this spent fuel is reprocessed . Current nuclear reprocessing releases the gaseous Kr - 85 to the atmosphere when the spent fuel is dissolved . It would be possible in principle to capture and store this krypton gas as nuclear waste or for use . The cumulative global amount of krypton - 85 released from reprocessing activity has been estimated as 10,600 PBq as of 2000 . The global inventory noted above is smaller than this amount due to radioactive decay ; a smaller fraction is dissolved into the deep oceans . </P> <P> Other man - made sources are small contributors to the total . Atmospheric nuclear weapons tests released an estimated 111 - 185 PBq . The 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant released about 1.6 PBq ( 43 kCi ) . The Chernobyl accident released about 35 PBq , and the Fukushima Daiichi accident released an estimated 44 - 84 PBq . </P> <P> The average atmospheric concentration of krypton - 85 was approximately 0.6 Bq / m in 1976 , and has increased to approximately 1.3 Bq / m as of 2005 . These are approximate global average values ; concentrations are higher locally around nuclear reprocessing facilities , and are generally higher in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere . </P> <P> For wide - area atmospheric monitoring , krypton - 85 is the best indicator for clandestine plutonium separations . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 releases increase the electrical conductivity of atmospheric air . Meteorological effects are expected to be stronger closer to the source of the emissions . </P> <H2> Uses in industry ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Krypton - 85 is used in arc discharge lamps commonly used in the entertainment industry for large HMI film lights as well as high - intensity discharge lamps . The presence of krypton - 85 in discharge tube of the lamps can make the lamps easy to ignite . Early experimental krypton - 85 lighting developments included a railroad signal light designed in 1957 and an illuminated highway sign erected in Arizona in 1969 . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 is used to inspect aircraft components for small defects . Krypton - 85 is allowed to penetrate small cracks , and then its presence is detected by autoradiography . The method is called `` krypton gas penetrant imaging '' . The gas penetrates smaller openings than the liquids used in dye penetrant inspection and fluorescent penetrant inspection . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 is used to test for leaks in semiconductors ( MIL - STD - 883H ) and piping . </P> <P> The sealed spark gap assemblies contained in ignition excitors used in some older turbine and jet engines contain a very small amount of krypton - 85 in order to obtain consistent ionization levels and uniform operation . The amount of radiation from the average gap is approximately the same as that of a radium - dial wrist watch but should be handled carefully . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 was used in cold - cathode voltage regulator electron tubes , such as the type 5651 . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 is used to ionize spark gap inlet gases to decrease breakdown voltage . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 is used to neutralize electrostatically charged aerosols from nebulization , combustion , or powder dispersion . </P> <P> Krypton - 85 is used to measure extruded film or coating weight during online production . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Krypton </Li> <Li> Isotopes of krypton </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes - Kr85 '' . Lawrence Berkely Laboratories , USA . Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ M. Gorden ; et al. ( 15 July 2011 ) . `` Pinellas Plant -- Occupational Environmental Dose rev1 '' ( PDF ) . ORAU . Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ H. Sievers ( 1991 ) . `` Nuclear data sheets update for A = 85 '' . Nuclear Data Sheets. 62 : 271 -- 325 . Bibcode : 1991NDS ... 62 ... 271S . doi : 10.1016 / 0090 - 3752 ( 91 ) 80016 - Y . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : K. Winger ; et al. ( 2005 ) . `` A new compilation of the atmospheric 85krypton inventories from 1945 to 2000 and its evaluation in a global transport model '' . Jrnl of Envir Radioactivity. 80 : 183 -- 215 . doi : 10.1016 / j. jenvrad. 2004.09. 005 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : J. Ahlswede ; et al. ( 2013 ) . `` Update and improvement of the global krypton - 85 emission inventory '' . Jrnl of Envir Radioactivity. 115 : 34 -- 42 . doi : 10.1016 / j. jenvrad. 2012.07. 006 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Telegadas , K. ; Ferber , G.J. ( 1975 - 11 - 28 ) . `` Atmospheric Concentrations and Inventory of Krypton - 85 in 1973 '' . Science . American Association for the Advancement of Science . 190 : 882 -- 883 . Bibcode : 1975Sci ... 190 ... 882T . doi : 10.1126 / science. 190.4217. 882 . JSTOR 1741777 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cumulative Fission Yields '' . JEFF - 3.1 Nuclear Data Library , JEFF Report 21 , OECD / NEA , Paris , France , 2006 , ISBN 92 - 64 - 02314 - 3 . August 2005 . Retrieved 2015 - 06 - 01 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` U.S. NRC : Backgrounder on the Three Mile Island accident '' . U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission . 2014 - 12 - 12 . Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 31 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ W. Lin ; et al. ( 2015 ) . `` Radioactivity impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident on the atmosphere '' . Atmospheric Environment. 102 : 311 -- 322 . Bibcode : 2015AtmEn. 102 ... 311L . doi : 10.1016 / j. atmosenv. 2014.11. 047 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ O. Ross ; et al. Simulations of the atmospheric krypton - 85 to assess the detectability of clandestine nuclear reprocessing ( PDF ) . Symposium on International Safeguards : Preparing for Future Verification Challenges ; Vienna ( Austria ) ; 1 - 5 Nov 2010 ; ( Technical report ) . IAEA - CN - 184 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kalinowski , Martin B. ; Sartorius , Hartmut ; Uhl , Stefan ; Weiss , Wolfgang ( 2004 ) , `` Conclusions on plutonium separation from atmospheric krypton - 85 measured at various distances from the Karlsruhe reprocessing plant '' , Journal of Environmental Radioactivity , 73 ( 2 ) : 203 -- 22 , doi : 10.1016 / j. jenvrad. 2003.09. 002 , PMID 15023448 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Harrison , R.G. ; ApSimon , H.M. ( 1994 - 02 - 01 ) . `` Krypton - 85 pollution and atmospheric electricity '' . Atmospheric Environment. 28 ( 4 ) : 637 -- 648 . Bibcode : 1994AtmEn ... 28 ... 637H . doi : 10.1016 / 1352 - 2310 ( 94 ) 90041 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Krypton - 85 ( PDF ) . Spectragases.com ( 2004 - 12 - 30 ) . Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 25 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Lamp Types , European Lamp Companies Federation , archived from the original on 2012 - 11 - 06 , retrieved 2012 - 11 - 06 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ionizing Substances in Lighting Products ( PDF ) , European Lamp Companies Federation , 2009 , archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2012 - 11 - 06 , retrieved 2012 - 11 - 06 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ NRPB and GRS ( 2001 ) , Transport of Consumer Goods containing Small Quantities of Radioactive Materials ( PDF ) , European Commission , archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2012 - 11 - 06 , retrieved 2012 - 11 -

Krypton-85 decays by emission of a beta particle, producing

Krypton-85 decays by emission of a beta particle. the product of this decay is?

4419308772965725391

birthday is coming up and that he has never had an actual party . She and Veronica persuade Archie to let them throw it at his house . Hiram threatens retaliation against Hermione if Veronica refuses to testify on his behalf . The Vixens elect Veronica as captain over Cheryl , who retaliates by crashing the party with Chuck and his friends . F.P. also shows up after Betty 's insistence . Jughead argues with Betty and tries to leave , but Cheryl forces him to stay for a `` game '' in which participants are forced to reveal their secrets . Jughead and Chuck get into a fight and F.P. declares the party over . He urges his son to reconcile with Betty and confronts Alice , implying she was once a member of the Serpents . Archie and Veronica comfort each other and share a kiss . Veronica agrees to testify on Hiram 's behalf . To Archie 's surprise , his father returns home with his mother , Mary . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Eleven : To Riverdale and Back Again '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Sullivan </Td> <Td> Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa </Td> <Td> April 27 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20311 </Td> <Td> 0.89 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> While Archie and his mother reconnect , Veronica learns that Hiram may soon be released from prison . F.P. questions the purpose of Jughead 's novel , urging him to consider moving on . To learn the truth about Hiram , Veronica decides to investigate F.P. as a possible suspect in Jason 's murder . The Blossoms , increasingly suspicious of Polly , forbid her from entering their master bedroom . Fred and Mary agree to attend homecoming together . Polly and Cheryl discover the former 's engagement ring in Penelope 's jewelry collection , which she claims is because Jason threw it away in disgust after arguing with Clifford . At a contentious dinner , Alice tries to question F.P. , but he shuts her down . Afterwards , he informs Jughead that they will be moving to Toledo to reunite with the rest of the Jones family . While Archie and Veronica perform `` Kids in America '' at homecoming , the police execute a search warrant on F.P. 's trailer , find a gun , and arrest him for murder . Jughead disappears and Archie and Veronica deduce that someone is framing F.P. for Jason 's death . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twelve : Anatomy of a Murder '' </Td> <Td> Rob Seidenglanz </Td> <Td> Michael Grassi </Td> <Td> May 4 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20312 </Td> <Td> 0.98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Jughead calls his mother , but she refuses to let him move in with her . F.P. confesses to everything , including Jason 's murder . Betty and Alice catch Hal trying to destroy evidence and learn the family secret : the Coopers are , in fact , Blossoms by blood , making Jason and Polly 's relationship technically incest . The Coopers take Polly back to their home . Mary , posing as F.P. 's lawyer , advises Jughead to visit his father , who tells him never to come see him again . With Joaquin 's help , the group tracks down one of F.P. 's associates , but finds him dead of an apparent overdose . The police are summoned and find a bag full of money with Hermione 's initials on it . With both Hal and Hermione cleared as suspects , Jughead and Betty investigate a lead from Kevin and find Jason 's varsity jacket . Inside one of the pockets , they find a thumb drive and discover Clifford murdered Jason , which they tell Cheryl . Nevertheless , Jughead learns that his father 's other charges will not be dropped . Veronica learns that Hiram has been released and is coming to Riverdale and Mary returns to Chicago . When the police go to arrest Clifford , they discover he has hanged himself in the syrup distillery . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Thirteen : The Sweet Hereafter '' </Td> <Td> Lee Toland Krieger </Td> <Td> Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa </Td> <Td> May 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20313 </Td> <Td> 0.96 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> It is revealed that Clifford was in the drug business and Jason found out . Clifford killed Jason to stop him from exposing the family business . F.P. is cleared of all charges relating to the murder , but remains in police custody . Alice reveals to Betty that , in high school , she found out she was pregnant , but Hal sent her to the Sisters of Silent Mercy and made her give up the child , a baby boy , for adoption . Jughead is placed in the care of a foster family and transfers to Southside High . Devastated by her father 's secrets and suicide , Cheryl attempts to drown herself in Sweetwater River , but Archie , along with Veronica , Betty , and Jughead , saves her . Cheryl later burns down the Thornhill mansion , much to Penelope 's dismay . The next day , Archie meets Fred at Pop 's , where a masked gunman arrives and demands Pop turn over his money . He then tells Fred to turn over his wallet at gunpoint . When Archie tries to intervene , the gunman shoots Fred . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 2 ( 2017 -- 18 ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Fourteen : A Kiss Before Dying '' </Td> <Td> Rob Seidenglanz </Td> <Td> Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa </Td> <Td> October 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20801 </Td> <Td> 2.34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> After being shot , Fred is rushed to the hospital by Archie , who is soon joined by his friends . Sheriff Keller gains a description of the shooter from Archie and calls him in for a lineup , but none of the men in the lineup are the shooter . When Veronica searches Fred 's belongings , Archie sees that his wallet is missing . Betty and Jughead visit Pop 's to look for the wallet but find nothing ; instead , they learn from Pop that the shooter did not take any money from the register , meaning that it was actually a hit against Fred . Jughead asks the Southside Serpents to investigate the shooting , but to no avail . Veronica accuses Hermione of hiring a hitman to kill Fred , but she vehemently denies this and tensions develop between them when Veronica is not sure of her mother is telling the truth . Meanwhile , Cheryl intimidates Penelope -- who suffers severe burns due to the fire at their mansion and is hospitalized -- into lying that it was an accident . Fred survives his shooting . Hiram returns to Riverdale , further escalating the tensions in the Lodge family . In the nearby town of Greendale , Ms. Grundy is strangled to death by Fred 's shooter . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Fifteen : Nighthawks '' </Td> <Td> Allison Anders </Td> <Td> Michael Grassi </Td> <Td> October 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20802 </Td> <Td> 1.76 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> After learning of Ms. Grundy 's murder , an increasingly anxious Archie suspects that her death is connected with Fred 's shooting , which pushes him to get a gun from Dilton Doiley . Following the shooting , business at Pop 's Chock'lit Shoppe has declined , leading Pop to consider selling the diner , but Betty convinces Pop to let her throw a retro fun night to drum up business . Jughead learns that F.P. is facing 20 years in prison and seeks help from Penny Peabody , a Serpent lawyer , who advises Jughead to ask the Blossoms to testify on F.P. 's behalf . Cheryl initially refuses , but relents when Betty extorts her with the video of Jason 's murder . With Cheryl 's testimony , the judge decides to revisit F.P 's sentence . Hiram quietly buys the diner from Pop , but tells Veronica he made a `` charitable donation '' . In the woods , Moose Mason and Midge Klump take some jingle jangle ( a new drug to Riverdale ) , and as they do so , they are shot by Fred 's shooter . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Sixteen : The Watcher in the Woods '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Sullivan </Td> <Td> Ross Maxwell </Td> <Td> October 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20803 </Td> <Td> 1.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Kevin , who was in the forest , hears the gunshots and rushes to find Midge crying . Moose , who shielded Midge from the gunfire , is hospitalized and survives . Following the incident , Archie founds a vigilante group called the Red Circle , to protect Riverdale High students . The Coopers receive a letter from `` the Black Hood '' , taking responsibility for the shootings and the murder of Ms. Grundy , and detailing his intentions to target sinners . Polly leaves town , fearing for her babies . Meanwhile , Jughead begins his tenure at Southside High , befriends Toni Topaz , a Serpent , and refounds the school newspaper , the Red and Black , under the advisory of English teacher Robert Philips . Kevin keeps going out late at night , which concerns Betty . Betty follows him on one of his runs , which leads to him lashing out at her . Hiram tells Archie that he should utilize the Black Hood 's main weapons for the Red Circle . Inspired by this , the Red Circle makes a video calling out the Black Hood . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Seventeen : The Town That Dreaded Sundown '' </Td> <Td> Allison Anders </Td> <Td> Amanda Lasher </Td> <Td> November 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20804 </Td> <Td> 1.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Archie 's viral video results in negative repercussions , as Principal Waldo Weatherbee demands he disband the Red Circle . Though Archie refuses , the Red Circle disbands regardless due to the football team being suspended but later reassembles when Archie runs afoul of the Serpents and assists him in a rumble , in which Dilton is injured . Veronica finds out that Archie intends to murder the Black Hood and convinces him to discard his gun . Betty receives a letter from the Black Hood , revealing that her speech from the jubilee ball inspired his actions and gives her a cipher that only she could solve . Mayor Sierra McCoy ( Josie 's mother ) hosts a town meeting to discuss action against the Black Hood , in which Alice blames the Serpents , but Fred argues against letting fear rule them . Betty and Jughead figure out that the Black Hood intends to attack town hall and have the meeting evacuated , before showing the letter to her parents , Sheriff Keller and Mayor McCoy . Later , Betty receives a call from the Black Hood . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Eighteen : When a Stranger Calls '' </Td> <Td> Ellen Pressman </Td> <Td> Aaron Allen </Td> <Td> November 8 ,

The first episode of Season 2 of Riverdale is

What was the first episode of season 2 riverdale?

-5462359833619124697

Every Light in the House - wikipedia <H1> Every Light in the House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Every Light in the House '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Trace Adkins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Dreamin ' Out Loud </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` If I Fall ( You 're Goin ' with Me ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 20 , 1996 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD Single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol Nashville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kent Robbins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Scott Hendricks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Trace Adkins singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` There 's a Girl in Texas '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` Every Light in the House '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` ( This Ai n't ) No Thinkin ' Thing '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` There 's a Girl in Texas '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` Every Light in the House '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` ( This Ai n't ) No Thinkin ' Thing '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Every Light in the House '' at CMT.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Every Light in the House '' is a song written by Kent Robbins and recorded by American country music artist Trace Adkins . It was released in August 1996 as the second single from his debut album Dreamin ' Out Loud . It was his first Top 5 single on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) chart , where it peaked at # 3 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Content </Li> <Li> 2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 5 Parodies </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is a mid-tempo ballad mostly accompanied by piano and fiddle in which the narrator was recently split from his wife . He literally turns every single light on in the house and keeps them on for her in case she wants to return to his side all the while paying absolutely no attention to the intense electrical hazard this will cause or the financial burden that will ensue . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Deborah Evans Price , of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably , saying that Adkin 's deep , powerful voice does justice to the yearning in this lyric about a man who has left the lights on waiting for his lover to return . '' Rick Cohoon of Allmusic gave the song a favorable review , calling it a `` creative approach to the age - old ' goodbye , I miss you ' song . '' He commended Adkins ' voice for `` communicat ( ing ) pain so well '' despite the singer 's stature , although he considered some of the similes forced ( e.g. `` the backyard 's bright as the crack of dawn '' ) . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for this song is in black - and - white , and begins with Adkins sitting on the porch of a house with his dog after his woman left home . He then gets off the porch , and he and some workers get to work on a power generator . Scenes also feature him singing inside of the same house which also featured an alternative sub chorus `` Drinkin ' Bush Light til the crack of dawn '' whilst a slew of empty Busch cans can be seen next to the generator , ultimately this scene and lyric was scrubbed and the original was used . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Every Light in the House '' debuted at number 72 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated August 24 , 1996 . It charted for 21 weeks on that chart , and peaked at number 3 on the country chart dated December 14 , 1996 , giving Adkins the first Top 5 single of his career . In addition , it peaked at number 78 on the Billboard Hot 100 , also marking his first entry on that chart . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1996 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Parodies ( edit ) </H2> <P> On his 1998 album Did I Shave My Back for This ? , country parodist Cledus T. Judd parodied the song as `` Every Light in the House Is Blown '' . Trace Adkins is featured in the music video . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2008 ) . Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008 . Record Research , Inc. p. 18 . ISBN 0 - 89820 - 177 - 2 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ AOL Music profile for `` Every Light in the House is On '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard , August 24 , 1996 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cohoon , Rick . `` Trace Adkins - `` Every Light in the House is On '' `` . Allmusic . Retrieved 2008 - 08 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 9900 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . December 9 , 1996 . Retrieved July 20 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Trace Adkins Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Trace Adkins Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Trace Adkins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dreamin ' Out Loud </Li> <Li> Big Time </Li> <Li> More ... </Li> <Li> Chrome </Li> <Li> Comin ' On Strong </Li> <Li> Songs About Me </Li> <Li> Dangerous Man </Li> <Li> X </Li> <Li> Cowboy 's Back in Town </Li> <Li> Proud to Be Here </Li> <Li> Love Will ... </Li> <Li> The King 's Gift </Li> <Li> Something 's Going On </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits Collection , Vol. 1 </Li> <Li> American Man : Greatest Hits Volume II </Li> <Li> The Definitive Greatest Hits : ' Til the Last Shot 's Fired </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` There 's a Girl in Texas '' </Li> <Li> `` Every Light in the House '' </Li> <Li> `` ( This Ai n't ) No Thinkin ' Thing '' </Li> <Li> `` I Left Something Turned On at Home '' </Li> <Li> `` The Rest of Mine '' </Li> <Li> `` Lonely Wo n't Leave Me Alone '' </Li> <Li> `` Big Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Lie '' </Li> <Li> `` More '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm Gonna Love You Anyway '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm Tryin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Help Me Understand '' </Li> <Li> `` Chrome '' </Li> <Li> `` Then They Do '' </Li> <Li> `` Hot Mama '' </Li> <Li> `` Rough & Ready '' </Li> <Li> `` Songs About Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Arlington '' </Li> <Li> `` Honky Tonk Badonkadonk '' </Li> <Li> `` Swing '' </Li> <Li> `` Ladies Love Country Boys '' </Li> <Li> `` I Wanna Feel Something '' </Li> <Li> `` I Got My Game On '' </Li> <Li> `` You 're Gonna Miss This '' </Li> <Li> `` Muddy Water '' </Li> <Li> `` Marry for Money '' </Li> <Li> `` All I Ask For Anymore '' </Li> <Li> `` This Ai n't No Love Song '' </Li> <Li> `` Brown Chicken Brown Cow '' </Li> <Li> `` Just Fishin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Million Dollar View '' </Li> <Li> `` Jesus and Jones '' </Li> <Li> `` Still a Soldier '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Guest singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Hillbilly Bone '' ( with Blake Shelton ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Every_Light_in_the_House&oldid=808209885 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1996 singles </Li> <Li> 1996 songs </Li> <Li> Trace Adkins songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Kent Robbins </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Scott Hendricks </Li> <Li> Capitol Records Nashville singles </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadacountry </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> More </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 November 2017 , at 15 : 04 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The country song "Every Light in the House Is On" is sung by

Who sings every light in the house is on?

7475061672965272250

new passport law that reduced the overall number of refugees leaving Eastern Germany . </P> <P> It had the unintended result of drastically increasing the percentage of those leaving through West Berlin from 60 % to well over 90 % by the end of 1958 . Those caught trying to leave East Berlin were subjected to heavy penalties , but with no physical barrier and subway train access still available to West Berlin , such measures were ineffective . The Berlin sector border was essentially a `` loophole '' through which Eastern Bloc citizens could still escape . The 3.5 million East Germans who had left by 1961 totalled approximately 20 % of the entire East German population . </P> <P> An important reason that Crossing the inner German border was not stopped earlier was that doing so would cut off much of the railway traffic in East Germany . Construction of a new railway bypassing West Berlin , the Berlin outer ring , commenced in 1951 . Following the completion of the railway in 1961 , closing the border became a more practical proposition . ( See History of rail transport in Germany . ) </P> <H3> Brain drain </H3> <P> The emigrants tended to be young and well - educated , leading to the `` brain drain '' feared by officials in East Germany . Yuri Andropov , then the CPSU Director on Relations with Communist and Workers ' Parties of Socialist Countries , wrote an urgent letter on 28 August 1958 , to the Central Committee about the significant 50 % increase in the number of East German intelligentsia among the refugees . Andropov reported that , while the East German leadership stated that they were leaving for economic reasons , testimony from refugees indicated that the reasons were more political than material . He stated `` the flight of the intelligentsia has reached a particularly critical phase . '' </P> <P> An East German SED propaganda booklet published in 1955 dramatically described the serious nature of ' flight from the republic ' : </P> <P> Both from the moral standpoint as well as in terms of the interests of the whole German nation , leaving the GDR is an act of political and moral backwardness and depravity . </P> <P> Those who let themselves be recruited objectively serve West German Reaction and militarism , whether they know it or not . Is it not despicable when for the sake of a few alluring job offers or other false promises about a `` guaranteed future '' one leaves a country in which the seed for a new and more beautiful life is sprouting , and is already showing the first fruits , for the place that favours a new war and destruction ? </P> <P> Is it not an act of political depravity when citizens , whether young people , workers , or members of the intelligentsia , leave and betray what our people have created through common labour in our republic to offer themselves to the American or British secret services or work for the West German factory owners , Junkers , or militarists ? Does not leaving the land of progress for the morass of an historically outdated social order demonstrate political backwardness and blindness ? ... </P> <P> ( W ) orkers throughout Germany will demand punishment for those who today leave the German Democratic Republic , the strong bastion of the fight for peace , to serve the deadly enemy of the German people , the imperialists and militarists . </P> <P> By 1960 , the combination of World War II and the massive emigration westward left East Germany with only 61 % of its population of working age , compared to 70.5 % before the war . The loss was disproportionately heavy among professionals : engineers , technicians , physicians , teachers , lawyers and skilled workers . The direct cost of manpower losses to East Germany ( and corresponding gain to the West ) has been estimated at $7 billion to $9 billion , with East German party leader Walter Ulbricht later claiming that West Germany owed him $17 billion in compensation , including reparations as well as manpower losses . In addition , the drain of East Germany 's young population potentially cost it over 22.5 billion marks in lost educational investment . The brain drain of professionals had become so damaging to the political credibility and economic viability of East Germany that the re-securing of the German communist frontier was imperative . </P> <P> The exodus of emigrants from East Germany presented two minor potential benefits : an easy opportunity to smuggle East German secret agents to West Germany , and a reduction in the number of citizens hostile to the communist regime . Neither of these advantages , however , proved particularly useful . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Construction begins , 1961 </H2> East German Combat Groups of the Working Class close the border on 13 August 1961 in preparation of the Berlin Wall construction . East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall , 20 November 1961 . <P> On 15 June 1961 , First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party and GDR State Council chairman Walter Ulbricht stated in an international press conference , `` Niemand hat die Absicht , eine Mauer zu errichten ! '' ( No one has the intention of erecting a wall ! ) . `` It was the first time the colloquial term Mauer ( wall ) had been used in this context '' . </P> <P> The transcript of a telephone call between Nikita Khrushchev and Ulbricht on 1 August in the same year , suggests that the initiative for the construction of the Wall came from Khrushchev . However , other sources suggest that Khrushchev had initially been wary about building a wall , fearing negative Western reaction . What is beyond dispute , though , is that Ulbricht had pushed for a border closure for quite some time , arguing that East Germany 's very existence was at stake . </P> <P> Khrushchev had become emboldened upon seeing US President John F. Kennedy 's youth and inexperience show as weakness against Khrushchev 's brutal , undiplomatic aggression . This feeling of miscalculation and failure is admitted by Kennedy in the U.S. ambassador 's residence with New York Times columnist James `` Scotty '' Reston . Kennedy made the regrettable error of admitting that the US would not actively oppose this action in the Soviet sector of Berlin . On Saturday , 12 August 1961 , the leaders of the GDR attended a garden party at a government guesthouse in Döllnsee , in a wooded area to the north of East Berlin . There Ulbricht signed the order to close the border and erect a wall . </P> <P> At midnight , the police and units of the East German army began to close the border and , by Sunday morning , 13 August , the border with West Berlin was closed . East German troops and workers had begun to tear up streets running alongside the border to make them impassable to most vehicles and to install barbed wire entanglements and fences along the 156 kilometres ( 97 mi ) around the three western sectors , and the 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) that divided West and East Berlin . The date of 13 August became commonly referred to as Barbed Wire Sunday in Germany . </P> <P> The barrier was built inside East Berlin or East German territory to ensure that it did not encroach on West Berlin at any point . Generally , the Wall was only slightly inside East Berlin , but in a few places it was some distance from the legal border , most notably at Potsdamer Bahnhof and the Lenné Triangle that is now much of the Potsdamer Platz development . </P> <P> Later , the initial barrier was built up into the Wall proper , the first concrete elements and large blocks being put in place on 17 August . During the construction of the Wall , National People 's Army ( NVA ) and Combat Groups of the Working Class ( KdA ) soldiers stood in front of it with orders to shoot anyone who attempted to defect . Additionally , chain fences , walls , minefields and other obstacles were installed along the length of East Germany 's western border with West Germany proper . A huge no man 's land was cleared to provide a clear line of fire at fleeing refugees . </P> <H3> Immediate effects </H3> US President John F. Kennedy visiting the Berlin Wall on 26 June 1963 <P> With the closing of the East - West sector boundary in Berlin , the vast majority of East Germans could no longer travel or emigrate to West Germany . Berlin soon went from being the easiest place to make an unauthorized crossing between East and West Germany to being the most difficult . Many families were split , while East Berliners employed in the West were cut off from their jobs . West Berlin became an isolated exclave in a hostile land . West Berliners demonstrated against the Wall , led by their Mayor ( Oberbürgermeister ) Willy Brandt , who strongly criticized the United States for failing to respond . Allied intelligence agencies had hypothesized about a wall to stop the flood of refugees , but the main candidate for its location was around the perimeter of the city . In 1961 , Secretary of State Dean Rusk proclaimed , `` The Wall certainly ought not to be a permanent feature of the European landscape . I see no reason why the Soviet Union should think it is -- it is to their advantage in any way to leave there that monument to communist failure . '' </P> <P> United States and UK sources had expected the Soviet sector to be sealed off from West Berlin , but were surprised by how long the East Germans took for such a move . They considered the Wall as an end to concerns about a GDR / Soviet retaking or capture of the whole of Berlin ; the Wall would presumably have been an unnecessary project if such plans were afloat . Thus they concluded that the possibility of a Soviet military conflict over Berlin had decreased . </P> <P> The East German government claimed that the Wall was an `` anti-fascist protective rampart '' ( German : `` antifaschistischer Schutzwall '' ) intended to dissuade aggression from the West . Another official justification was the activities of Western agents in Eastern Europe . The Eastern German government also claimed that West Berliners were buying out state - subsidized goods in East Berlin . East Germans and others greeted such statements with skepticism , as most of the time , the border was only closed for citizens of East Germany traveling to the West , but not for residents of West Berlin travelling to the East . The construction of the Wall had caused considerable hardship to families divided by it . Most people believed that the Wall was mainly a means of preventing the citizens of East Germany from entering or fleeing to West Berlin . </P> <H3> Secondary response </H3> Play media Universal Newsreel of the 1st anniversary of the Berlin Wall <P> The National Security Agency was the only American intelligence agency that was aware that East Germany was to take action to deal with the brain drain problem . On 9 August 1961 , the NSA intercepted an advance warning information of the Socialist Unity Party 's plan to close the intra-Berlin border between East and West Berlin completely for foot traffic . The interagency intelligence Berlin Watch Committee assessed that this intercept `` might be the first step in a plan to close the border . '' This warning did not reach U.S. President John F. Kennedy until noon on 13 August 1961 , while he was vacationing in his yacht off the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port , Massachusetts . While Kennedy was angry that he had no

The leader of the Soviet Union when the Berlin Wall was built was Nikita

Who was the leader of the soviet union when the berlin wall was built?

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Central processing unit - wikipedia <H1> Central processing unit </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` CPU '' redirects here . For other uses , see CPU ( disambiguation ) . `` Computer processor '' redirects here . For other uses , see Processor . An Intel 80486DX2 CPU , as seen from above Bottom side of an Intel 80486DX2 , showing its pins <P> A central processing unit ( CPU ) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic , logical , control and input / output ( I / O ) operations specified by the instructions . The computer industry has used the term `` central processing unit '' at least since the early 1960s . Traditionally , the term `` CPU '' refers to a processor , more specifically to its processing unit and control unit ( CU ) , distinguishing these core elements of a computer from external components such as main memory and I / O circuitry . </P> <P> The form , design , and implementation of CPUs have changed over the course of their history , but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged . Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) that performs arithmetic and logic operations , processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations , and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching ( from memory ) and execution of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU , registers and other components . </P> <P> Most modern CPUs are microprocessors , meaning they are contained on a single integrated circuit ( IC ) chip . An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory , peripheral interfaces , and other components of a computer ; such integrated devices are variously called microcontrollers or systems on a chip ( SoC ) . Some computers employ a multi-core processor , which is a single chip containing two or more CPUs called `` cores '' ; in that context , one can speak of such single chips as `` sockets '' . Array processors or vector processors have multiple processors that operate in parallel , with no unit considered central . There also exists the concept of virtual CPUs which are an abstraction of dynamical aggregated computational resources . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Transistor CPUs </Li> <Li> 1.2 Small - scale integration CPUs </Li> <Li> 1.3 Large - scale integration CPUs </Li> <Li> 1.4 Microprocessors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Operation <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Fetch </Li> <Li> 2.2 Decode </Li> <Li> 2.3 Execute </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Structure and implementation <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Control unit </Li> <Li> 3.2 Arithmetic logic unit </Li> <Li> 3.3 Memory management unit </Li> <Li> 3.4 Clock rate </Li> <Li> 3.5 Integer range </Li> <Li> 3.6 Parallelism <Ul> <Li> 3.6. 1 Instruction - level parallelism </Li> <Li> 3.6. 2 Task - level parallelism </Li> <Li> 3.6. 3 Data parallelism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.7 Virtual CPUs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Performance </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of general - purpose CPUs EDVAC , one of the first stored - program computers <P> Early computers such as the ENIAC had to be physically rewired to perform different tasks , which caused these machines to be called `` fixed - program computers '' . Since the term `` CPU '' is generally defined as a device for software ( computer program ) execution , the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs came with the advent of the stored - program computer . </P> <P> The idea of a stored - program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly 's ENIAC , but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner . On June 30 , 1945 , before ENIAC was made , mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC . It was the outline of a stored - program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949 . EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions ( or operations ) of various types . Significantly , the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high - speed computer memory rather than specified by the physical wiring of the computer . This overcame a severe limitation of ENIAC , which was the considerable time and effort required to reconfigure the computer to perform a new task . With von Neumann 's design , the program that EDVAC ran could be changed simply by changing the contents of the memory . EDVAC , however , was not the first stored - program computer ; the Manchester Small - Scale Experimental Machine , a small prototype stored - program computer , ran its first program on 21 June 1948 and the Manchester Mark 1 ran its first program during the night of 16 -- 17 June 1949 . </P> <P> Early CPUs were custom designs used as part of a larger and sometimes distinctive computer . However , this method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of multi-purpose processors produced in large quantities . This standardization began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit ( IC ) . The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers . Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines . Modern microprocessors appear in electronic devices ranging from automobiles to cellphones , and sometimes even in toys . </P> <P> While von Neumann is most often credited with the design of the stored - program computer because of his design of EDVAC , and the design became known as the von Neumann architecture , others before him , such as Konrad Zuse , had suggested and implemented similar ideas . The so - called Harvard architecture of the Harvard Mark I , which was completed before EDVAC , also utilized a stored - program design using punched paper tape rather than electronic memory . The key difference between the von Neumann and Harvard architectures is that the latter separates the storage and treatment of CPU instructions and data , while the former uses the same memory space for both . Most modern CPUs are primarily von Neumann in design , but CPUs with the Harvard architecture are seen as well , especially in embedded applications ; for instance , the Atmel AVR microcontrollers are Harvard architecture processors . </P> <P> Relays and vacuum tubes ( thermionic tubes ) were commonly used as switching elements ; a useful computer requires thousands or tens of thousands of switching devices . The overall speed of a system is dependent on the speed of the switches . Tube computers like EDVAC tended to average eight hours between failures , whereas relay computers like the ( slower , but earlier ) Harvard Mark I failed very rarely . In the end , tube - based CPUs became dominant because the significant speed advantages afforded generally outweighed the reliability problems . Most of these early synchronous CPUs ran at low clock rates compared to modern microelectronic designs . Clock signal frequencies ranging from 100 kHz to 4 MHz were very common at this time , limited largely by the speed of the switching devices they were built with . </P> <H3> Transistor CPUs ( edit ) </H3> IBM PowerPC 604e processor Main article : Transistor computer <P> The design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices . The first such improvement came with the advent of the transistor . Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky , unreliable , and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and relays . With this improvement more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several printed circuit boards containing discrete ( individual ) components . </P> <P> In 1964 , IBM introduced its IBM System / 360 computer architecture that was used in a series of computers capable of running the same programs with different speed and performance . This was significant at a time when most electronic computers were incompatible with one another , even those made by the same manufacturer . To facilitate this improvement , IBM utilized the concept of a microprogram ( often called `` microcode '' ) , which still sees widespread usage in modern CPUs . The System / 360 architecture was so popular that it dominated the mainframe computer market for decades and left a legacy that is still continued by similar modern computers like the IBM zSeries . In 1965 , Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ) introduced another influential computer aimed at the scientific and research markets , the PDP - 8 . </P> Fujitsu board with SPARC64 VIIIfx processors <P> Transistor - based computers had several distinct advantages over their predecessors . Aside from facilitating increased reliability and lower power consumption , transistors also allowed CPUs to operate at much higher speeds because of the short switching time of a transistor in comparison to a tube or relay . The increased reliability and dramatically increased speed of the switching elements ( which were almost exclusively transistors by this time ) , CPU clock rates in the tens of megahertz were easily obtained during this period . Additionally while discrete transistor and IC CPUs were in heavy usage , new high - performance designs like SIMD ( Single Instruction Multiple Data ) vector processors began to appear . These early experimental designs later gave rise to the era of specialized supercomputers like those made by Cray Inc and Fujitsu Ltd . </P> <H3> Small - scale integration CPUs ( edit ) </H3> CPU , core memory , and external bus interface of a DEC PDP - 8 / I , made of medium - scale integrated circuits <P> During this period , a method of manufacturing many interconnected transistors in a compact space was developed . The integrated circuit ( IC ) allowed a large number of transistors to be manufactured on a single semiconductor - based die , or `` chip '' . At first , only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates were miniaturized into ICs . CPUs based on these `` building block '' ICs are generally referred to as `` small - scale integration '' ( SSI ) devices . SSI ICs , such as the ones used in the Apollo guidance computer , usually contained up to a few dozen transistors . To build an entire CPU out of SSI ICs required thousands of individual chips , but still consumed much less space and power than earlier discrete transistor designs . </P> <P> IBM 's System / 370 , follow - on to the System / 360 , used SSI ICs rather than Solid Logic Technology discrete - transistor modules . DEC 's PDP - 8 / I and KI10 PDP - 10 also switched from the individual transistors used by the PDP - 8 and PDP - 10 to SSI ICs , and their extremely popular PDP - 11 line was originally built with SSI ICs but was eventually implemented with LSI components once these became practical . </P> <H3> Large - scale integration CPUs ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lee Boysel published influential articles , including a 1967 `` manifesto '' , which described how to build the equivalent of a 32 - bit mainframe computer from a relatively small number of large - scale integration circuits ( LSI ) .

The central processing unit (CPU) was developed by

Who developed the central processing unit (cpu)?

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Water cycle - wikipedia <H1> Water cycle </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Diagram of the Water Cycle The water cycle Play media Earth 's water cycle Play media As the Earth 's surface water evaporates , wind moves water in the air from the sea to the land , increasing the amount of freshwater on land . Play media Water vapor is converted to clouds that bring fresh water to land in the form of rain snow and sleet Play media Precipitation falls on the ground , but what happens to that water depends greatly on the geography of the land at any particular place . <P> The water cycle , also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle , describes the continuous movement of water on , above and below the surface of the Earth . The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice , fresh water , saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables . The water moves from one reservoir to another , such as from river to ocean , or from the ocean to the atmosphere , by the physical processes of evaporation , condensation , precipitation , infiltration , surface runoff , and subsurface flow . In doing so , the water goes through different forms : liquid , solid ( ice ) and vapor . </P> <P> The water cycle involves the exchange of energy , which leads to temperature changes . When water evaporates , it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment . When it condenses , it releases energy and warms the environment . These heat exchanges influence climate . </P> <P> The evaporative phase of the cycle purifies water which then replenishes the land with freshwater . The flow of liquid water and ice transports minerals across the globe . It is also involved in reshaping the geological features of the Earth , through processes including erosion and sedimentation . The water cycle is also essential for the maintenance of most life and ecosystems on the planet . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Processes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Residence times </Li> <Li> 3 Changes over time </Li> <Li> 4 Effects on climate </Li> <Li> 5 Effects on biogeochemical cycling </Li> <Li> 6 Slow loss over geologic time </Li> <Li> 7 History of hydrologic cycle theory <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Floating land mass </Li> <Li> 7.2 Hebrew Bible </Li> <Li> 7.3 Precipitation and percolation </Li> <Li> 7.4 Precipitation alone </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description </H2> <P> The sun , which drives the water cycle , heats water in oceans and seas . Water evaporates as water vapor into the air . Some ice and snow sublimates directly into water vapor . Evapotranspiration is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil . The water molecule H O has smaller molecular mass than the major components of the atmosphere , nitrogen and oxygen , N and O , hence is less dense . Due to the significant difference in density , buoyancy drives humid air higher . As altitude increases , air pressure decreases and the temperature drops ( see Gas laws ) . The lower temperature causes water vapor to condense into tiny liquid water droplets which are heavier than the air , and fall unless supported by an updraft . A huge concentration of these droplets over a large space up in the atmosphere become visible as cloud . Some condensation is near ground level , and called fog . </P> <P> Atmospheric circulation moves water vapor around the globe , cloud particles collide , grow , and fall out of the upper atmospheric layers as precipitation . Some precipitation falls as snow or hail , sleet , and can accumulate as ice cap s and glacier s , which can store frozen water for thousands of years . Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain , where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff . A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape , with streamflow moving water towards the oceans . Runoff and water emerging from the ground ( groundwater ) may be stored as freshwater in lakes . Not all runoff flows into rivers , much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration . Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers , which can store freshwater for long periods of time . Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies ( and the ocean ) as groundwater discharge . Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and comes out as freshwater springs . In river valleys and floodplains , there is often continuous water exchange between surface water and ground water in the hyporheic zone . Over time , the water returns to the ocean , to continue the water cycle . </P> <H3> Processes </H3> Many different processes lead to movements and phase changes in water <Dl> <Dt> Precipitation </Dt> <Dd> Condensed water vapor that falls to the Earth 's surface . Most precipitation occurs as rain , but also includes snow , hail , fog drip , graupel , and sleet . Approximately 505,000 km ( 121,000 cu mi ) of water falls as precipitation each year , 398,000 km ( 95,000 cu mi ) of it over the oceans . The rain on land contains 107,000 km ( 26,000 cu mi ) of water per year and a snowing only 1,000 km ( 240 cu mi ) . 78 % of global precipitation occurs over the ocean . </Dd> <Dt> Canopy interception </Dt> <Dd> The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground . </Dd> <Dt> Snowmelt </Dt> <Dd> The runoff produced by melting snow . </Dd> <Dt> Runoff </Dt> <Dd> The variety of ways by which water moves across the land . This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff . As it flows , the water may seep into the ground , evaporate into the air , become stored in lakes or reservoirs , or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses . </Dd> <Dt> Infiltration </Dt> <Dd> The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground . Once infiltrated , the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater . A recent global study using water stable isotopes , however , shows that not all soil moisture is equally available for groundwater recharge or for plant transpiration . </Dd> <Dt> Subsurface flow </Dt> <Dd> The flow of water underground , in the vadose zone and aquifers . Subsurface water may return to the surface ( e.g. as a spring or by being pumped ) or eventually seep into the oceans . Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated , under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures . Groundwater tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly , so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years . </Dd> <Dt> Evaporation </Dt> <Dd> The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere . The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation . Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants , though together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration . Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000 km ( 121,000 cu mi ) of water , 434,000 km ( 104,000 cu mi ) of which evaporates from the oceans . 86 % of global evaporation occurs over the ocean . </Dd> <Dt> Sublimation </Dt> <Dd> The state change directly from solid water ( snow or ice ) to water vapor by passing the liquid state . </Dd> <Dt> Deposition </Dt> <Dd> This refers to changing of water vapor directly to ice . </Dd> <Dt> Advection </Dt> <Dd> The movement of water through the atmosphere . Without advection , water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land . </Dd> <Dt> Condensation </Dt> <Dd> The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air , creating clouds and fog . </Dd> <Dt> Transpiration </Dt> <Dd> The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air . </Dd> <Dt> Percolation </Dt> <Dd> Water flows vertically through the soil and rocks under the influence of gravity . </Dd> <Dt> Plate tectonics </Dt> <Dd> Water enters the mantle via subduction of oceanic crust . Water returns to the surface via volcanism . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The water cycle involves many of these processes . </P> <H2> Residence times </H2> <Table> Average reservoir residence times <Tr> <Th> Reservoir </Th> <Th> Average residence time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antarctica </Td> <Td> 20,000 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oceans </Td> <Td> 3,200 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glaciers </Td> <Td> 20 to 100 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seasonal snow cover </Td> <Td> 2 to 6 months </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soil moisture </Td> <Td> 1 to 2 months </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Groundwater : shallow </Td> <Td> 100 to 200 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Groundwater : deep </Td> <Td> 10,000 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lakes ( see lake retention time ) </Td> <Td> 50 to 100 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rivers </Td> <Td> 2 to 6 months </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atmosphere </Td> <Td> 9 days </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The residence time of a reservoir within the hydrologic cycle is the average time a water molecule will spend in that reservoir ( see adjacent table ) . It is a measure of the average age of the water in that reservoir . </P> <P> Groundwater can spend over 10,000 years beneath Earth 's surface before leaving . Particularly old groundwater is called fossil water . Water stored in the soil remains there very briefly , because it is spread thinly across the Earth , and is readily lost by evaporation , transpiration , stream flow , or groundwater recharge . After evaporating , the residence time in the atmosphere is about 9 days before condensing and falling to the Earth as precipitation . </P> <P> The major ice sheets - Antarctica and Greenland - store ice for very long periods . Ice from Antarctica has been reliably dated to 800,000 years before present , though the average residence time is shorter . </P> <P> In hydrology , residence times can be estimated in two ways . The more common method relies on the principle of conservation of mass and assumes the amount of water in a given reservoir is roughly constant . With this method , residence times are estimated by dividing the volume of the reservoir by the rate by which water either enters or exits the reservoir . Conceptually , this is equivalent to timing how long it would take the reservoir to become filled from empty if no water were to leave ( or how long it would take the reservoir to empty from full if no water were to enter ) . </P> <P> An alternative method to estimate residence times , which is gaining in popularity for dating groundwater , is the use of isotopic techniques . This is done in the subfield of isotope hydrology . </P> <H2> Changes over time </H2> Time - mean precipitation and evaporation as a function of latitude as simulated by an aqua - planet version of an atmospheric GCM ( GFDL 's AM2. 1 ) with a homogeneous `` slab - ocean '' lower boundary ( saturated surface with small heat capacity ) , forced by annual mean insolation . Global map of annual mean evaporation minus precipitation by latitude - longitude <P> The water cycle describes the processes that drive the movement of water throughout the hydrosphere .

Another name for the water cycle is

What is a another name for the water cycle?

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Wonder ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Wonder ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wonder </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Stephen Chbosky </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Hoberman </Li> <Li> Todd Lieberman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jack Thorne </Li> <Li> Steve Conrad </Li> <Li> Stephen Chbosky </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Wonder by R.J. Palacio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Julia Roberts </Li> <Li> Owen Wilson </Li> <Li> Jacob Tremblay </Li> <Li> Izabela Vidovic </Li> <Li> Mandy Patinkin </Li> <Li> Daveed Diggs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Marcelo Zarvos </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Don Burgess </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Mark Livolsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lionsgate </Li> <Li> Mandeville Films </Li> <Li> Participant Media </Li> <Li> Walden Media </Li> <Li> TIK Films </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Lionsgate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) ( Regency Village Theater ) </Li> <Li> November 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 17 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 113 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $20 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $248.5 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Wonder is a 2017 American drama film directed by Stephen Chbosky and written by Jack Thorne , Steve Conrad , and Stephen Chbosky , based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R.J. Palacio . The film stars Julia Roberts , Owen Wilson , and Jacob Tremblay . The film follows a child with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in . Wonder was released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 , by Lionsgate and has grossed over $248 million worldwide on a $20 million budget . At the 90th Academy Awards , the film was nominated for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main cast members </Li> <Li> 2.2 Other cast members </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> August `` Auggie '' Pullman is a fifth - grade boy living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan . He has a rare medical facial deformity , which he refers to as `` mandibulofacial dysostosis . '' Due to numerous ( 27 ) surgeries , Auggie had been homeschooled by his mother Isabel , but as Auggie is approaching middle school age , Isabel and Nate decide to enroll him in Beecher Prep , a private school , for the start of middle school . At first , Auggie is ostracized by nearly all the student body , but he is soon befriended by a boy named Jack Will . </P> <P> During Halloween , Auggie wears an old GhostFace mask and costume because his dog , Daisy , threw up on his Boba Fett costume . Unrecognized , he walks around school knowing he would not get tormented while incognito . As he walks through the door to his homeroom he overhears Jack telling Julian Albans that he was only pretending to be friends with Auggie . Feeling betrayed , Auggie wants to quit Beecher Prep and go back to homeschooling , but his older sister Olivia , nicknamed `` Via , '' talks him out of it . Auggie later confides the incident to another friend , a girl named Summer , but swears her to secrecy . When Jack notices that Auggie has become quiet and distant he asks Summer why , but she only gives him the term `` Ghost Face '' as a clue ; Jack is shocked when it suddenly dawns on him that it was Auggie wearing the GhostFace costume , and thus had overheard everything he said to Julian. When Julian wants Jack to switch partners to be with him in a science fair project Jack refuses . When Julian asks Jack does he want to work with that `` freak , '' Jack angrily punches him in the face and a fight ensues between the two , which is soon broken up by Mr. Browne and Ms. Petosa . Jack is suspended for two days , and decides not to get Julian suspended too , knowing it would n't be fair . He later writes an apology letter to Mr. Tushman . Auggie , over winter break , requests Jack 's Minecraft coordinates , which Jack sends . Jack apologizes to Auggie , and Auggie accepts . </P> <P> During the rest of the school year , Auggie is repeatedly bullied by Julian and his group ; they leave hurtful notes on his desk and tape to his locker their class picture with Auggie photoshopped out . When Mr. Tushman later confronts Julian and his parents using all the notes and the doctored picture as evidence , Julian 's mother proclaims that she had had Auggie edited out of the photo to make it look more presentable to her friends at home ; she then says that the school should not be inclusive and that Auggie does not belong there . But despite her threats to pull their funding from the school , Tushman suspends Julian for two days . Julian showed remorse to Tushman for his actions to Auggie . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Via signs up for Drama Club at her high school after her best friend , Miranda , ignores her ; in the process , she meets Justin , a friendly boy with whom she forms a close friendship , which later develops into a romantic relationship . Later , Via is selected to be an understudy for the lead role in the school 's production of Our Town , with Justin as the lead actor . </P> <P> Later on , Isabel and Nate find out that Via 's play is coming around , and Via never told them about it , and they get into a fight with Auggie overhearing everything . Auggie later confronts his mom and his sister , who brush it off . Auggie then accuses them of lying and storms off to his room , and then Daisy starts to whimper . Via then rushes up to Auggie 's room telling him that Daisy is sick . They say goodbye to Isabel who meets Nate at the hospital . They then return that night without the dog , implying that Daisy died . On the night of the play , Miranda , the lead actress and Via 's former best friend , pretends to fall ill . Via takes her place and gives a performance that earns her a standing ovation . After the play , everyone , including Miranda and Justin , go home to the Pullmans and eat pizza to celebrate . </P> <P> During a school trip to a nature reserve , when Auggie and Jack are accosted and threatened by a group of seventh graders from another school , several of their classmates come to their defense . At the year 's end during the graduation ceremony , Tushman announces that Auggie has been selected for the Henry Ward Beecher Medal for standing out ; Auggie receives a standing ovation , and the movie ends with everyone applauding Auggie , and Isabel commenting on him being a wonder . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main cast members ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Julia Roberts as Isabel Pullman </Li> <Li> Owen Wilson as Nate Pullman </Li> <Li> Jacob Tremblay as August `` Auggie '' Pullman </Li> <Li> Izabela Vidovic as Olivia `` Via '' Pullman <Ul> <Li> Maccie Margaret Chbosky as Young Olivia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Noah Jupe as Jack Will </Li> <Li> Bryce Gheisar as Julian Albans </Li> <Li> Elle McKinnon as Charlotte Cody </Li> <Li> Millie Davis as Summer Dawson </Li> <Li> Ty Consiglio as Amos Conti </Li> <Li> Kyle Harrison Breitkopf as Miles Noury </Li> <Li> James A. Hughes as Henry Joplin </Li> <Li> Sônia Braga as Grans </Li> <Li> Mandy Patinkin as Mr. Tushman </Li> <Li> Daveed Diggs as Mr. Browne </Li> <Li> Ali Liebert as Ms. Petosa </Li> <Li> Danielle Rose Russell as Miranda Navas </Li> <Li> Nadji Jeter as Justin </Li> <Li> Gidget as Darth - Daisy `` Daisy '' , Auggie and Via 's dog </Li> </Ul> <H3> Other cast members ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nicole Oliver as Mrs. Will </Li> <Li> Rachel Hayward as Mrs. Navas </Li> <Li> Crystal Lowe as Mrs. Sarah Albans </Li> <Li> Steve Bacic as Mr. Albans </Li> <Li> Erika McKitrick as Ella </Li> <Li> Lucia Thain as Savanna Wittenberg </Li> <Li> Sasha Neuhaus as Maya Markowitz </Li> <Li> Izzy Lieberman as Reid Kingsley </Li> <Li> Hannah Hoberman as Rebecca </Li> <Li> William Dickinson as Eddie </Li> <Li> Emma Tremblay as Michelle </Li> <Li> Lydia Jewett as Lina Annan </Li> <Li> Armen Bagdasrov as Danny </Li> <Li> Kaelyn Breitkopf as Angela </Li> <Li> Victoria V. Cruz as the Science Fair judge </Li> <Li> Benjamin Ratner as Mr. Davenport </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On November 27 , 2012 , it was announced that Lionsgate was developing the feature film adaptation of R.J. Palacio 's debut novel Wonder , while in talks with John August to write the screenplay . Mandeville Films ' David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman would be producing the film . On May 8 , 2013 , Jack Thorne was hired to adapt the novel , while August , who was previously reported as writer , had departed from the project . In October 2014 , John Krokidas was reported to be directing the film , but in April 2015 , Paul King was hired to take the directing duties . Steven Conrad was writing the script at that time . </P> <P> On April 14 , 2016 , Jacob Tremblay was cast in the film to play the lead role as Auggie Pullman , while Julia Roberts was in talks to play Auggie 's mother . On May 5 , 2016 , Roberts was confirmed to play the mother , with Stephen Chbosky signed on to direct the film . On June 27 , 2016 , Owen Wilson had joined the film to play Auggie 's father . On July 11 , 2016 , newcomer Noah Jupe joined the film to play Auggie 's best friend at school . On July 15 , 2016 , Daveed Diggs was cast in the film to play Mr. Browne , an English teacher at the school . On August 19 , 2016 , Sonia Braga joined the cast of the film , portraying the role of Roberts ' character 's mother . </P> <P> Jacob 's prosthetic makeup , designed and created by Arjen Tuiten , took an hour and half to apply . It consisted of a skull cap with prosthetic ears attached , a facial prosthetic that covered Jacob 's face , and a wig to tie it all together . </P> <P> Marcelo Zarvos composed the film 's score . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bea Miller composed a song entitled `` Brand New Eyes . '' It was released on August 3 , 2017 . </P> <P> Wonder author R.J. Palacio has often credited Natalie Merchant 's song `` Wonder '' from her 1995 album Tigerlily as the inspiration for her best - selling book and

The movie Wonder tells the story of

What is the meaning of the movie wonder?

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Climate of Venezuela - wikipedia <H1> Climate of Venezuela </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator , but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction , several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes , and even polar regions . Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate , but the altitude changes it dramatically , particularly the temperature , reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 General climate </Li> <Li> 2 Climate zones according to altitude <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Very Hot </Li> <Li> 2.2 Warm </Li> <Li> 2.3 Cool </Li> <Li> 2.4 Mild / Temperate </Li> <Li> 2.5 Cold </Li> <Li> 2.6 Very Cold </Li> <Li> 2.7 Frosty </Li> <Li> 2.8 Glacial </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Climate zones according to Köppen <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Group A : Tropical climates </Li> <Li> 3.2 Group B : Dry climates </Li> <Li> 3.3 Group C : Temperate climates </Li> <Li> 3.4 Group E : Alpine climates </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> General climate ( edit ) </H2> <P> While the coastal cities of Maracaibo , Barcelona , Porlamar and Maiquetia can get extremely hot , cities located at valleys such as Mérida , Caracas , Los Teques and San Cristobal have cooler climates , and the highest towns of Mucuchies and Apartaderos have cold ( tundra ) climates . </P> <P> The hottest part of Venezuela is the northwest ( Paraguana Peninsula and Guajira Peninsula ) , where temperatures of more than 38 ° C ( 100 ° F ) are frequently recorded . The coldest part in the country are located in the highest areas of the Cordillera de Mérida , where temperatures lower than − 2 ° C ( 28 ° F ) are recorded . The Venezuelan Coastal Range and Guiana Highlands have average temperatures from 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) to 11 ° C ( 52 ° F ) , while Los Llanos average temperature is over 23 ° C ( 73 ° F ) . </P> <P> The highest temperature recorded was 42 ° C ( 108 ° F ) in Machiques , and the lowest temperature recorded was − 11 ° C ( 12 ° F ) , it has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Páramo de Piedras Blancas ( Mérida state ) , even though no official reports exist , lower temperatures in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida are known . </P> <H2> Climate zones according to altitude ( edit ) </H2> Venezuelan climatic types , according to their thermal floors . <P> Venezuelan climates are structured in `` thermal floors '' , as mentioned next : </P> <H3> Very Hot ( edit ) </H3> <P> This climate is characterized by very hot temperatures above 26 ° C ( 79 ° F ) , with precipitations that ranges from dry ( less than 300 mm ) to pluvial ( more than 3300 mm ) conditions . This climate can be found in areas below 300 m in sedimentary basins and lowlands such as Los Llanos , Orinoco Delta , Maracaibo Basin , Orinoco Basin , coastal plains and islands ; it comprises almost all the country . This climate zone is present in cities like Maracaibo , Punto Fijo , Ciudad Guayana , Porlamar , Puerto La Cruz , Barinas , Tucupita , Cumaná , Maturin , Anaco , Ciudad Bolívar , Cabimas , El Vigía and others . </P> <H3> Warm ( edit ) </H3> <P> Warm climate can be found between 300 and 650 m . It 's characterized by temperatures from 23 ° C ( 73 ° F ) to 26 ° C ( 79 ° F ) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy ( 300 -- 700 mm ) to pluvial ( more than 3300 mm ) conditions . This climate can be found in lower foothills and plateaus in the Guiana Highlands , Venezuelan Coastal Range , Coro region and Venezuelan Andes . Cities which have this climate zone are Barquisimeto , Maracay , Valencia , Guarenas - Guatire , San Juan de Los Morros , Charallave , Valera , Barinitas , San Antonio del Táchira , Quibor and others . </P> <H3> Cool ( edit ) </H3> <P> This climate features temperatures between 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) to 23 ° C ( 73 ° F ) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy ( 300 -- 700 mm ) to pluvial ( more than 3300 mm ) conditions . It can be found in the country 's mountainous areas between 650 and 1,350 - 1,600 m This climate zone is present in cities like Mérida , San Cristóbal , Caracas , Sanare , Villa de Cura , Ejido , Trujillo , Escuque , Rubio , Tovar , Boconó , Duaca , Bejuma , Los Teques , Nirgua , Santa Elena de Uairen , among others . </P> <H3> Mild / temperate ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mild or Temperate climate can be found in the mountainous areas between 1,350 - 1,600 to 2,400 m . It features temperatures around 13 ° C ( 55 ° F ) to 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy ( 300 -- 700 mm ) to pluvial ( more than 3300 mm ) conditions . This climate zone is present in cities like Mérida ( higher part ) , Colonia Tovar , San Antonio de Los Altos , El Jarillo , El Junquito , Galipan , Timotes , La Grita , Tabay , La Mucuy and others ; most of the top of the tepuis also present this climate . </P> <H3> Cold ( edit ) </H3> <P> This climate is characterized by temperatures above 8 ° C ( 46 ° F ) and below 13 ° C ( 55 ° F ) , with precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy ( 300 -- 700 mm ) to pluvial ( more than 3300 mm ) conditions . This climate can be found in mountainous areas around 2,400 to 3,200 m specifically in Sierra de Perija , Cordillera de Mérida , higher elevations at Venezuelan Coastal Range and higher tepuis ( Monte Roraima , Kukenan , Cerro Marahuaca , Chimantá Massif ) . This climate zone is present in towns like Mucuchíes , Chachopo and Los Nevados . </P> <H3> Very Cold ( edit ) </H3> <P> This climate can be found in the Venezuelan Andes area , between 3,200 and 4,150 m . It 's characterized by temperatures from 3 ° C ( 37 ° F ) to 8 ° C ( 46 ° F ) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy ( 300 -- 700 mm ) to rainy ( 1800 -- 2500 mm ) conditions . This climate zone is present in towns like Apartaderos and Llano del Hato . The condition of this climate is also known as páramo </P> <H3> Frosty ( edit ) </H3> <P> Frosty climate is found at the highest areas in Venezuelan Andes , between 4,150 and 4,700 m. where the temperatures are between 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) to 3 ° C ( 37 ° F ) . This climate zone is present exclusively at Sierra Nevada de Mérida , Sierra de La Culata and Sierra de Santo Domingo . </P> <H3> Glacial ( edit ) </H3> <P> This climate is characterized by average temperatures below 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) all year , it 's located in the highest peaks of Venezuela in the Cordillera de Mérida such as Pico Bolívar , Pico Humboldt , Pico La Concha , Pico Bonpland , Pico Espejo , Pico Mucuñuque and Pico Piedras Blancas . Only Pico Bolivar and Pico Humboldt have their glaciers preserved , while the other peaks are exposed to nival zone conditions . </P> <H2> Climate zones according to köppen ( edit ) </H2> Köppen climate classification map of Venezuela . <P> According to the Köppen climate classification , Venezuela 's climate types are : </P> <H3> Group A : Tropical climates ( edit ) </H3> <P> It 's the most prevalent and characteristic climate of the country . Maintaining temperatures above 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) and rainfall in most of the year : </P> <Ul> <Li> Tropical savanna climate ( Aw ) </Li> </Ul> <P> It can be found throughout the country , dominating Los Llanos and north of the Guayana Region , as well as some parts of the country . It 's dry between December and March with an annual rainfall between 600 and 1,500 mm . </P> <Ul> <Li> Tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) </Li> </Ul> <P> It is located in the Guayana Region , Orinoco Delta , west of Zulia , Andean and Coastal range foothills , Paria Peninsula and Barlovento region ; with rainfall between 1,600 and 2,500 mm per year and a drought of just 45 days . </P> <Ul> <Li> Tropical rainforest climate ( Af ) </Li> </Ul> <P> It 's located south of Venezuela , Orinoco Delta , El Tamá area in west of Venezuela , and south of Maracaibo Lake . Rainfall exceeds 2,500 mm , not tending dry season . </P> <Ul> <Li> Tropical climates of Venezuela </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical savanna climate , influenced by a temperate highland climate in Caracas Valley </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical savanna climate in the Gran Sabana </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical savanna climate in Los Llanos </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical monsoon climate in Sur del Lago </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical rainforest climate in Southern Venezuela </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical monsoon climate in Canaima </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical rainforest climate in Orinoco Delta </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical rainforest climate in Paria Peninsula </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tropical hot climate in Margarita Island </P> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Group b : dry climates ( edit ) </H3> <P> This type of climate the evaporation exceeds precipitation . In Venezuela is typical of desert and arid coastal areas and with annual temperatures above 18 ° C. The cold semiarid type can be found at elevated portions of the Andes . </P> <Ul> <Li> Hot desert climate ( BWh ) </Li> </Ul> <P> It can be found in Guajira Peninsula , Paraguana Peninsula , Araya Peninsula and most of the Insular region . </P> <Ul> <Li> Hot semi-arid climate ( BSh ) </Li> </Ul> <P> It is located in the northern part of Zulia state , most of the area of Lara state and Falcón state , the coastal area , Insular region and some semi-arid areas in Venezuelan Andes . </P> <Ul> <Li> Cold semi-arid ( BSk ) </Li> </Ul> <P> It can be found locked at the temperate zones of high Andean valleys of Cordillera de Mérida . </P> <Ul> <Li> Dry climates of Venezuela </Li> <Li> <P> Hot desert climate in Medanos de Coro National Park </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Hot desert climate in Cabo San Roman </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Hot desert climate in Guajira Desert </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Hot desert climate in Coche Island </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Hot desert climate in Los Roques </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Cold semi-arid climate in Los Nevados </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Hot semi-arid climate in Puerto La Cruz </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Hot semi-arid climate in Barquisimeto </P> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Group C : temperate climates ( edit ) </H3> <P> The monthly averages temperatures are below 22 ° C ( 72 ° F ) but above 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) . At least one month 's average temperature is below 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) : </P> <Ul> <Li> Temperate highland climates with dry winters ( Cwb ) </Li> </Ul> <P>

The biggest determinant of climate in Venezuela is

What is the biggest determinant of climate in venezuela?

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Printing press - wikipedia <H1> Printing press </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the historical device . For the modern technology of printing , see printing . Recreated Gutenberg press at the International Printing Museum , Carson , California <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of printing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Woodblock printing </Th> <Td> 200 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Movable type </Th> <Td> 1040 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Printing press </Th> <Td> c. 1440 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Etching </Th> <Td> c. 1515 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mezzotint </Th> <Td> 1642 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aquatint </Th> <Td> 1772 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lithography </Th> <Td> 1796 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chromolithography </Th> <Td> 1837 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rotary press </Th> <Td> 1843 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hectograph </Th> <Td> 1869 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Offset printing </Th> <Td> 1875 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hot metal typesetting </Th> <Td> 1884 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mimeograph </Th> <Td> 1886 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Photostat and rectigraph </Th> <Td> 1907 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screen printing </Th> <Td> 1911 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spirit duplicator </Th> <Td> 1923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dot matrix printing </Th> <Td> 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Xerography </Th> <Td> 1938 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Phototypesetting </Th> <Td> 1949 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inkjet printing </Th> <Td> 1951 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dye - sublimation </Th> <Td> 1957 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Laser printing </Th> <Td> 1969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Thermal printing </Th> <Td> c. 1972 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 3D printing </Th> <Td> 1981 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Solid Ink printing </Th> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Digital printing </Th> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium ( such as paper or cloth ) , thereby transferring the ink . This was a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth , paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink , and accelerated the process . Typically used for texts , the invention and spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium . </P> <P> The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 , based on existing screw presses . Gutenberg , a goldsmith by profession , developed a printing system , by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes , as well as making inventions of his own . His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities . Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe . In East Asia , where it was invented , the usefulness of movable type was limited by the complexity of the writing system and , without the hand mould , the production of sorts ( individual letters of type ) was slow . In Europe , the two inventions , the hand mould and the printing press , together drastically reduced the cost of printing books and other documents , particularly in short print runs . </P> <P> The printing press spread within several decades to over two hundred cities in a dozen European countries . By 1500 , printing presses in operation throughout Western Europe had already produced more than twenty million volumes . In the 16th century , with presses spreading further afield , their output rose tenfold to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies . The operation of a press became synonymous with the enterprise of printing , and lent its name to a new branch of media , `` the press '' . </P> <P> In Renaissance Europe , the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of mass communication , which permanently altered the structure of society . The relatively unrestricted circulation of information and ( revolutionary ) ideas transcended borders , captured the masses in the Reformation and threatened the power of political and religious authorities . The sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite on education and learning and bolstered the emerging middle class . Across Europe , the increasing cultural self - awareness of its peoples led to the rise of proto - nationalism , and accelerated by the development of European vernacular languages , to the detriment of Latin 's status as lingua franca . In the 19th century , the replacement of the hand - operated Gutenberg - style press by steam - powered rotary presses allowed printing on an industrial scale . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Economic conditions and intellectual climate </Li> <Li> 1.2 Technological factors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Function and approach </Li> <Li> 3 Gutenberg 's press </Li> <Li> 4 The Printing Revolution <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Mass production and spread of printed books </Li> <Li> 4.2 Circulation of information and ideas </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Book printing as art form </Li> <Li> 6 Industrial printing presses <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Rotary press </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Gallery </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of printing <H3> Economic conditions and intellectual climate </H3> See also : History of capitalism and Medieval university Medieval university class ( 1350s ) <P> The rapid economic and socio - cultural development of late medieval society in Europe created favorable intellectual and technological conditions for Gutenberg 's invention : the entrepreneurial spirit of emerging capitalism increasingly made its impact on medieval modes of production , fostering economic thinking and improving the efficiency of traditional work - processes . The sharp rise of medieval learning and literacy amongst the middle class led to an increased demand for books which the time - consuming hand - copying method fell far short of accommodating . </P> <H3> Technological factors </H3> See also : History of Western typography and Medieval technology <P> Technologies preceding the press that led to the press 's invention included : manufacturing of paper , development of ink , woodblock printing , and distribution of eye - glasses . At the same time , a number of medieval products and technological processes had reached a level of maturity which allowed their potential use for printing purposes . Gutenberg took up these far - flung strands , combined them into one complete and functioning system , and perfected the printing process through all its stages by adding a number of inventions and innovations of his own : </P> Early modern wine press . Such screw presses were applied in Europe to a wide range of uses and provided Gutenberg with the model for his printing press . <P> The screw press which allowed direct pressure to be applied on flat - plane was already of great antiquity in Gutenberg 's time and was used for a wide range of tasks . Introduced in the 1st century AD by the Romans , it was commonly employed in agricultural production for pressing wine grapes and ( olive ) oil fruit , both of which formed an integral part of the mediterranean and medieval diet . The device was also used from very early on in urban contexts as a cloth press for printing patterns . Gutenberg may have also been inspired by the paper presses which had spread through the German lands since the late 14th century and which worked on the same mechanical principles . </P> <P> Gutenberg adopted the basic design , thereby mechanizing the printing process . Printing , however , put a demand on the machine quite different from pressing . Gutenberg adapted the construction so that the pressing power exerted by the platen on the paper was now applied both evenly and with the required sudden elasticity . To speed up the printing process , he introduced a movable undertable with a plane surface on which the sheets could be swiftly changed . </P> Movable type sorted in a letter case and loaded in a composing stick on top <P> The concept of movable type was not new in the 15th century ; movable type printing had been invented in China during the Song dynasty , and was later used in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty , where metal movable - type printing technology was developed in 1234 . In Europe , sporadic evidence that the typographical principle , the idea of creating a text by reusing individual characters , was well understood and employed in pre-Gutenberg Europe had been cropping up since the 12th century and possibly before . The known examples range from Germany ( Prüfening inscription ) to England ( letter tiles ) to Italy . However , the various techniques employed ( imprinting , punching and assembling individual letters ) did not have the refinement and efficiency needed to become widely accepted . </P> <P> Gutenberg greatly improved the process by treating typesetting and printing as two separate work steps . A goldsmith by profession , he created his type pieces from a lead - based alloy which suited printing purposes so well that it is still used today . The mass production of metal letters was achieved by his key invention of a special hand mould , the matrix . The Latin alphabet proved to be an enormous advantage in the process because , in contrast to logographic writing systems , it allowed the type - setter to represent any text with a theoretical minimum of only around two dozen different letters . </P> <P> Another factor conducive to printing arose from the book existing in the format of the codex , which had originated in the Roman period . Considered the most important advance in the history of the book prior to printing itself , the codex had completely replaced the ancient scroll at the onset of the Middle Ages ( 500 AD ) . The codex holds considerable practical advantages over the scroll format ; it is more convenient to read ( by turning pages ) , is more compact , less costly , and , in particular , unlike the scroll , both recto and verso could be used for writing − and printing . </P> A paper codex of the acclaimed 42 - line Bible , Gutenberg 's major work <P> A fourth development was the early success of medieval papermakers at mechanizing paper manufacture . The introduction of water - powered paper mills , the first certain evidence of which dates to 1282 , allowed for a massive expansion of production and replaced the laborious handcraft characteristic of both Chinese and Muslim papermaking . Papermaking centres began to multiply in the late 13th century in Italy , reducing the price of paper to one sixth of parchment and then falling further ; papermaking centers reached Germany a century later . </P> <P> Despite this it appears that the final breakthrough of paper depended just as much on the rapid spread of movable - type printing . It is notable that codices of parchment , which in terms of quality is superior to any other writing material , still had a substantial share in Gutenberg 's edition of the 42 - line Bible . After much experimentation , Gutenberg managed to overcome the difficulties which traditional water - based inks caused by soaking the paper , and found the formula for an oil - based ink suitable for high - quality printing with metal type . </P> <H2> Function and approach </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr>

The printing press was invented by

Who invented the printing press and in what year?

1361387107747167157

. It is cut directly through the granite on which the hotel sits . </P> <H3> Concert hall ( edit ) </H3> <P> The concert hall , east of the hotel , was built by Stanley in 1909 with the assistance of Henry `` Lord Cornwallis '' Rogers , the same architect who designed his summer cottage . According to popular legend , it was built as a gift for Flora Stanley who was an avid pianist despite her failing eyesight . The interior is decorated in the same manner as the smaller music room and somewhat resembles that of the Boston Symphony Hall ( McKim , Mead & White , 1900 ) with which the Stanleys may have been familiar . The stage features a trap door , used for theatrical entrances and exits . The lower level once housed a bowling alley . This feature has long since disappeared but it possibly resembled the one at the Stanley 's Hunnewell Club in Newton , pictures of which are archived in the Newton Free Library . The hall underwent extensive repair and renovation in the 2000s . </P> <H3> The Lodge ( edit ) </H3> <P> Once called Stanley Manor , this smaller hotel between the main structure and the concert hall is a 2 : 3 scaled - down version of the main hotel . Unlike its model , the manor was fully heated from completion in 1910 which may indicate that Stanley planned to use it as a winter resort when the main building was closed for the season . However , unlike many other Colorado mountain towns now famous for their winter sports , Estes Park never attracted off - season visitors in Stanley 's day and the manor remained empty for much of the year . Today it is called The Lodge and serves as a bed - and - breakfast off - limits to the public . </P> <H3> The hedge maze ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2015 , the open area in front of the hotel , originally a driveway for Stanley Steamers and a promenade for guests to enjoy mountain views , was replaced with a hedge maze . This non-historic feature was added to evoke the hotel 's connection to The Shining . Although a hedge maze features prominently in Stanley Kubrick 's version of The Shining , no such feature can be found in Stephen King 's novel . The lawn of the Overlook Hotel , as King imagined it , was adorned with topiary animals and it was set that way for the shooting of the miniseries in 1996 . Historically , neither feature existed at the Stanley . The design was the result of a competition , chosen from amongst 300 entrants from across the globe . The winning submission was designed by New York architect Mairim Dallaryan Standing . In 2016 , John Cullen , owner of the Stanley Hotel , announced a competition for a sculpture to be the centerpiece of the terrace in front of the hotel . Sculptors Sutton Betti and Daniel Glanz won the competition with a sculpture of F.O. Stanley holding one of his violins . The sculpture was installed and dedicated on September 29 , 2016 . They used another hotel to film the outside shots and the Stanley for inside shots . </P> <H2> The Shining ( edit ) </H2> Cover of The Shining , first edition , 1977 <P> On October 30 , 1974 , horror writer Stephen King and his wife Tabitha spent one night at the Stanley Hotel during their one year of residency in Boulder , Colorado . They were driving through Estes Park as night approached when they happened upon the Stanley Hotel . They decided to book a room and , upon checking in , discovered that they were the only overnight guests . `` They were just getting ready to close for the season , and we found ourselves the only guests in the place -- with all those long , empty corridors . '' He and his wife were served dinner in an empty dining room accompanied by canned orchestral music . `` Except for our table all the chairs were up on the tables . So the music is echoing down the hall , and , I mean , it was like God had put me there to hear that and see those things . '' That night , according to King , `` I dreamed of my three - year - old son running through the corridors , looking back over his shoulder , eyes wide , screaming . He was being chased by a fire - hose . I woke up with a tremendous jerk , sweating all over , within an inch of falling out of bed . I got up , lit a cigarette , sat in a chair looking out the window at the Rockies , and by the time the cigarette was done , I had the bones of The Shining firmly set in my mind . '' </P> <P> The Shining was published in 1977 and became the third great success of King 's career after Carrie and ' Salem 's Lot . The Overlook Hotel - the fictional hotel in King 's book inspired by the Stanley - is an evil entity haunted by its many victims . Room 217 of the Overlook features prominently in the novel , having been the room where King spent the night at the Stanley . This is the room on the second floor in the center of the west wing with a balcony overlooking the south terrace . Room 217 remains the hotel 's most requested accommodation . </P> <H2> Film location and arts venue ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1980 , The Shining became the basis for a film adaptation directed by Stanley Kubrick . Kubrick 's vision for the movie differed from King 's significantly in many ways , including the portrayal of the Overlook Hotel . The exteriors of Kubrick 's Overlook were supplied by the Timberline Lodge on the slopes of Mt . Hood in Oregon . Inspiration for the interior sets ( erected at Elstree Studios in England ) came from the 1927 Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park . The management of the Timberline Lodge , fearful that guests would refuse to stay in their Room 217 if it were featured in a horror movie , insisted that Kubrick change the haunted room in the film to Room 237 . </P> <P> In 1997 The Shining TV series was produced , with the Stanley Hotel as the primary shooting location . A playhouse version of the main building which adorned the lawn of the Overlook Hotel in the series can be viewed in the basement of the Stanley . </P> <P> The Hotel has also been used as a filming location for other movies and TV shows ; most notably , as the fictional `` Hotel Danbury '' of Aspen , CO , in the 1994 film Dumb and Dumber . </P> <P> From 2013 to 2015 , the hotel property hosted the Stanley Film Festival , an independent horror film festival operated by the Denver Film Society , held in early May . The festival featured screenings , panels , student competitions , audience awards and receptions . The Stanley Film Festival was put on hiatus in 2016 , and canceled for 2017 . </P> <P> The historic Stanley Concert Hall serves as venue for various musical groups such as country - punk band Murder By Death which has performed a Shining - themed series of concerts in the space . </P> <H2> Haunted reputation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Despite a peaceful early history , in the years following the publication of The Shining , The Stanley Hotel has gained a reputation among paranormal investigators for frequent activity . The hotel offers guided `` Ghost Tours '' to guests and visitors which feature spaces reputed to be exceptionally active . The hotel has also served as a location for numerous paranormal investigation shows such as Ghost Hunters and Ghost Adventures . </P> <H2> Famous guests ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Stanley Hotel has hosted the following persons of note : </P> <Ul> <Li> 1934 - Erich Fromm , the German psychoanalyst </Li> <Li> 1936 - Gov. Alf Landon ( R , Kansas ) : opponent to Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's re-election </Li> <Li> 1974 - Stephen King , author who was inspired to write The Shining from his stay in room 217 </Li> <Li> 1976 - Bob Dylan & Joan Baez , classic rock icons during the Rolling Thunder Revue tour </Li> <Li> 1994 - HM Emperor Akihito of Japan with consort and crown prince , on a state visit to the US </Li> </Ul> <H2> Ownership History ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1908 - 26 - Freelan Oscar Stanley </Li> <Li> 1926 - 29 - The Stanley Corporation </Li> <Li> 1929 - 30 - Freelan Oscar Stanley </Li> <Li> 1930 - ? - Roe Emery </Li> <Li> Maurice L. Albertson , Civil Engineer at CSU </Li> <Li> Maxwell Abbell , Chicago real estate investor </Li> <Li> 1995 -- present - Grand Heritage Hotel Group </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Freelan Oscar Stanley </Li> <Li> The Shining ( novel ) </Li> <Li> The Shining ( film ) </Li> <Li> The Shining ( miniseries ) </Li> <Li> Colonial Revival Architecture </Li> <Li> Estes Park , CO </Li> <Li> National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County , Colorado </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : National Park Service ( 2008 - 04 - 15 ) . `` National Register Information System '' . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Rocky Mountain Legends '' . LegendsOfAmerica.com . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Rocky Mountain National Park - Culture '' . US-Parks.com . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Turkewitz , Julie ( 3 September 2015 ) . `` Hotel That Inspired ' The Shining ' Builds on Its Eerie Appeal '' . New York Times . Retrieved 17 September 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Beahm , George ( September 1998 ) . Stephen King from A to Z : An Encyclopedia of His Life and Work . Andrews McMeel Publishing . ISBN 9780836269147 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Stephen King Companion '' Beahm , George Andrews McMeel press 1989 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stephen King Country '' Beahm , George Running Press 1999 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Vvdailypress.com Archived October 18 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stephen King : America 's Best Loved Boogeyman '' Beahm , George Andrews McMeel Press 1998 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stanley Hotel Ghost Story '' . Allstays.com . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McHargue , Brad . `` Inaugural Stanley Film Festival to Showcase Independent Horror Cinema May 2 -- 5 at the Stanley Hotel '' . Mile High Cinema . Retrieved 19 February 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Walker , Chris ( 15 November 2016 ) . `` Stanley Hotel Cancels 2017 Horror Film Fest ; Film Center Director Resigns '' . Westword . Retrieved 27 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Haunted Hotel History '' . www.stanleyhotel.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stanley Ghost Stories Shine with Authenticity '' . www.stanleyhotel.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McCarthy , Sky ( 14 April 2016 ) . `` Stanley Hotel guest captures creepy figure in lobby '' . Fox News . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Hotel Tours Estes Park Colorado Tours The Stanley Hotel '' . www.stanleyhotel.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` UPDATED

The hotel used in the movie The Shining is

Where is the hotel used in the movie the shining?

-7243720341959076675

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Devasahayam Pillai </Li> <Li> Mar Sabor and Mar Proth </Li> <Li> Mar Baselios Eldho </Li> <Li> Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar </Li> <Li> Thomas of Cana </Li> <Li> Ignatius Elias III </Li> <Li> Mar Gregorios of Parumala </Li> <Li> Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly </Li> <Li> Mar Joseph C. 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She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church , and the first canonised saint of the Syro - Malabar Catholic Church , an Eastern Catholic Church based in India . Her feast day is observed on July 28th . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Life <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early life </Li> <Li> 1.2 Sister Alphonsa </Li> <Li> 1.3 Health decline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Death </Li> <Li> 3 Veneration <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Beatification </Li> <Li> 3.2 Miracles </Li> <Li> 3.3 Canonization </Li> <Li> 3.4 Shrine </Li> <Li> 3.5 Feast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Life ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early life ( edit ) </H3> <P> St Alphonsa was born as Anna Muttathupadathu in a Syro - Malabar Nasrani family to Cherian Ouseph and Mary Muttathupadathu in Kudamalloor , near Kottayam , on 19 August 1910 . She was baptised on 27 August . Alphonsamma , as she was locally known , was born in Arpookara , a village in the princely state of Travancore within Kerala , India . This lies within the Archdiocese of Changanassery . </P> <P> Her parents nicknamed her Annakkutty ( little Anna ) . She had a difficult childhood and experienced loss and suffering early on in life . Anna 's mother died when she was young , so her maternal aunt raised her . Hagiographies describe her early life as one of suffering at the hands of her stern foster mother and the teasing of schoolchildren . Anna was educated by her great - uncle , Father Joseph Muttathupadathu . When Anna was three - years - old , she contracted eczema and suffered for over a year . </P> <P> In 1916 Anna started school in Arpookara . She received her First Communion on 27 November 1917 . In 1918 she was transferred to a school in Muttuchira . Anna was from a rich family and because of that she received many marriage proposals from reputed families . Her foster mother wanted her to become a perfect housewife in a rich household . However , Anna sacrificed all this material fortune and wanted to dedicate her life to Jesus Christ . In 1923 , Anna 's feet were burnt when she fell into a pit of burning chaff ; local hagiographies describe this as a self - inflicted injury in order to avoid her foster mother 's attempt to arrange a marriage for her and thereby to fulfill her desire for becoming a Religious Sister instead . This accident left her permanently partially disabled . </P> <H3> Sister Alphonsa ( edit ) </H3> <P> When it became possible , Anna joined the Franciscan Clarist Congregation , a religious congregation of the Third Order of St. Francis , and through them , completed her schooling . </P> <P> Anna arrived at the Clarist convent at Bharananganam , Kottayam district , on Pentecost Sunday 1927 . She received the postulant 's veil on 2 August 1928 and took the name Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception in honour of St. Alphonsus Ligouri , whose feast day it was . In May 1929 Sister Alphonsa was assigned to teach at Malayalam High School at Vazhappally . Her foster mother died in 1930 . She resumed her studies at Changanacherry , while working as a temporary teacher at a school at Vakakkad . On 19 May 1930 Alphonsa entered the novitiate of the congregation at Bharananganam . On 11 August 1931 she completed the novitiate and took her first vows . </P> <H3> Health decline ( edit ) </H3> <P> The period 1930 -- 1935 was characterised by grave illness . Sister Alphonsa took her permanent vows on 12 August 1936 . Two days later she returned to Bharananganam from Changanacherry . She then taught high school at St. Alphonsa Girl 's High School , but was often sick and unable to teach . For most of her years as a Clarist Sister she endured serious illness . </P> <P> In December 1936 , it is claimed that she was cured from her ailments through the intervention of the Kuriakose Elias Chavara ( who was beatified at the same ceremony as she ) , but on 14 June 1939 she was struck by a severe attack of pneumonia which left her weakened . On 18 October 1940 , a thief entered her room in the middle of the night . This traumatic event caused her to suffer amnesia and weakened her again . </P> <P> Her health continued to deteriorate over a period of months . She received extreme unction on 29 September 1941 . The next day it is believed that she regained her memory , though not complete health . Her health improved over the next few years , until in July 1945 she developed gastroenteritis and liver problems that caused violent convulsions and vomiting . During the last year of her life she came to know Father Sebastian Valopilly ( later Bishop of Kerala ) who frequently brought her communion . This bishop became famous in Kerala for championing the cause of poor people from all religious backgrounds who had come to live in Thalassery as a result of shortages elsewhere . </P> <H2> Death ( edit ) </H2> <P> After a series of serious health problems , she died on 28 July 1946 , at a young age of 35 . She was buried at St. Mary 's Catholic Church , Bharananganam , Travancore ( present day ( Kottayam ) in the Diocese of Palai . </P> <H2> Veneration ( edit ) </H2> <P> Claims of her miraculous intervention began almost immediately upon her death and often involved the children of the convent school where she used to teach . On 2 December 1953 , Cardinal

The first Indian woman to be canonized as a saint is

Who is the first indian woman to be canonized as a saint?

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Coat of arms of Ireland - wikipedia <H1> Coat of arms of Ireland </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Coat of arms of Ireland </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Armiger </Th> <Td> Republic of Ireland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adopted </Th> <Td> 1945 ( registered : Arms of Ireland ) c. 1541 ( recorded : Kingdom of Ireland ) , c. 1280 ( recorded : King of Ireland ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Escutcheon </Th> <Td> Azure a harp Or , stringed argent ( Irish : Ar ghorm cláirseach órga na sreanga airgidí ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Earlier versions </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> The harp is used on all Acts of Oireachtas ; the seal of the President ; the cover of Irish passports ; various government departments ; the obverse of Irish euro coins . It is also used in the United Kingdom , where it appears in the lower - left quadrant of the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom and is incorporated as a badge into devices used by official bodies in Northern Ireland . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The coat of arms of Ireland is blazoned as Azure a harp Or , stringed Argent ( a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background ) . These arms have long been Ireland 's heraldic emblem . References to them as being the arms of the king of Ireland can be found as early as the 13th century . These arms were adopted by Henry VIII of England when he ended the period of Lordship of Ireland and declared Ireland to be a kingdom again in 1541 . When the crowns of England , Scotland and Ireland were united in 1603 , they were integrated into the unified royal coat of arms of kingdoms of England , Scotland and Ireland . The harp was adopted as the emblem of the Irish Free State when it separated from the United Kingdom in 1922 . They were registered as the arms of Ireland with the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November 1945 . </P> <P> The depiction of the harp has changed over time . In the 17th century , during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland , the pillar of the harp began to be depicted as a bare - breasted woman . When the arms were restored as the arms of the independent Irish state in 1922 , a late - medieval Gaelic harp ( a cláirseach ) , the Trinity College Harp , was used as a model . </P> <P> Several variants of the arms of Ireland exist , including a heraldic badge and an infrequently used crest and torse . The Lordship of Ireland , the medieval realm of Ireland that existed between 1171 and 1541 under the English crown , had a separate arms , which are blazoned Azure , three crowns in pale Or , bordure Argent ( three golden crowns ordered vertically on a blue background with a white border ) . A variant of the arms of the ancient royal province of Meath were also apparently used at one time as the arms of Ireland . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Presidential Standard </Li> <Li> 1.2 Previous arms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Achievement <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Supporters and motto </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Green flag </Li> <Li> 4 Arms and Flag of the Four Provinces </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> As heraldry is essentially a feudal art , it was not until the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169 that Irish coats of arms came into being , several decades after the art began to take seed in England and continental Europe . The earliest reference to a herald of arms for Ireland was in 1392 on the creation of the first Ireland King of Arms . The Ireland King of Arms , which was under the English College of Arms , was succeeded by an independent Ulster King of Arms , and an Athlone Pursuivant , in 1552 , which despite its name had jurisdiction for arms over all of Ireland . In 1943 , the Ulster King of Arms was merged with the Norroy King of Arms in England to form the Norroy and Ulster King of Arms . The office of the Chief Herald of Ireland was created as successor to the Ulster King of Arms and the arms of Ireland were registered by the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November 1945 . </P> <P> However , reference to the harp as the arms of the king of Ireland can be found in one of the oldest medieval rolls of arms . The Wijnbergen Roll , a French roll of arms dating from c. 1280 and preserved in The Hague , Netherlands , attributed `` D'azure a la harpe d'or '' ( English : Blue with a harp of gold ) to the King of Ireland ( `` le Roi d'Irlande '' ) . The harp , traditionally associated with King David , was a rare charge on medieval rolls and only two arms with a harp are listed in a collection of 19 early rolls . Triangular devices appeared on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries . These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins . The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character , le roi d'irelande , in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan . Alternatively , it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem , Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh , dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain ( d . 1242 ) , a Gaelic King of Thomond . </P> <P> Whatever its origins , the harp was adopted as the symbol of the new Kingdom of Ireland , established by Henry VIII , in 1541 . A document in the Office of the Ulster King of Arms , from either the late reign of Henry VIII or the early reign his son of Edward VI , states that they were the arms of the kingdom of Ireland . The arms were incorporated into the unified Royal Coats of Arms of England , Ireland and Scotland upon the Union of the Crowns of the three kingdoms in 1603 . Upon the secession of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom in 1922 , the harp was taken as the emblem of the independent Irish state . </P> <P> Today , the image of the harp is used on the coins , passports and official seals of Ireland and is incorporated into the emblems of many bodies in Northern Ireland , such as the Police Service of Northern Ireland . The harp is frequently incorporated into the emblems of Irish companies , such as Guinness and Ryanair . It appears on the arms of countries with historical links to Ireland or the United Kingdom , such as Montserrat and Canada . In 1984 , exemplars of the modern design , approved by the Chief Herald , were registered by the Government of Ireland with the World Intellectual Property Organization under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention , which relates to state emblems . The government only registered `` left - facing '' images , with the harp 's sound board on the right . While the Attorney General 's office felt that right - facing images should also be registered , patent agents advised this might be interfere with Guinness Brewery 's use of such harps in its logo since the 1870s . </P> <H3> Presidential Standard ( edit ) </H3> Standard of the President of Ireland <P> As well as being the arms of Ireland , since 1945 the harp is the arms of each President of Ireland whilst in office . Typically the arms are borne as a banner in the form of a Presidential Standard . The standard is flown over Áras an Uachtaráin , the President 's residence in Dublin , at Dublin Castle when the President is in residence and on vehicles used by the President . As with other Presidential and Royal Standards , it is never flown at half mast . However , the Presidential Standard never takes precedence over the flag of Ireland , whereas , for example , the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom takes precedence over the flag of the United Kingdom . </P> <H3> Previous arms ( edit ) </H3> Arms of the Lordship of Ireland . Arms of Kingdom of Ireland . <P> The Lordship of Ireland , the medieval realm of Ireland that existed between 1171 and 1541 under the English crown , had separate arms . A commission of Edward IV in c. 1467 - 8 into the arms of Ireland found them to be blazoned Azure , three crowns in pale Or , bordure Argent ( three golden crowns ordered vertically on a blue background with a white border ) . The association of these arms with Ireland is likely to have originated with Irish magnates ( both Norman and Gaelic ) who fought in Edward I 's Scottish wars at the turn of the 14th century . These were the arms of Edmund the Martyr , which the Irish lords adopted as their banner in the same way as English lords identified with the banner of St. George . However , these arms were also well known in other medieval contexts and are often attributed to King Arthur . </P> <P> It is believed that the three crowns were abandoned as the arms of Ireland after Henry VIII 's split with the Papacy . Strictly speaking , following the Norman invasion of the 12th century , Ireland was a feudal possession of the Pope under the overlordship of the English monarch . The decision to change the three crowns arms may have sprung `` from an idea that they might denote the feudal sovereignty of the pope '' -- whose tiara has three crowns -- `` whose vassal the king of England was , as lord of Ireland . '' </P> <P> Despite this , the memory of the three crowns arms may have remained for a time with one Elizabethan variant of the harp , sometimes found on coins , maps and seals as early as 1562 , using of the three harps , one replacing each of the three crowns of the lordship 's arms . This appears to have been a creation of the newly established Ulster King of Arms and never captured the popular imagination sufficiently to replace the single Harp arms that was in use from the reign of Henry VIII . Thus , at the funeral cortège of Elizabeth I in 1603 depicted in a manuscript at the British Library , the Earl of Clanrickarde is shown carrying the banner of Ireland just as in the Wijnbergen Roll . </P> <P> A variant of arms of the royal province of Meath were also apparently used at one time as the arms of Ireland . Meath , now a part of the province of Leinster was once the province of the High Kings of Ireland . Its arms are of a king sitting on a throne on a blue field . The variant apparently used as the arms of Ireland were of a majesty on a sable ( black ) background instead of an azure ( blue ) field . </P> <H2> Achievement ( edit ) </H2> The armorial achievement of the Kingdom of Ireland , including the infrequently used crest . Arms of Kingdom of Ireland after 1707 . <P> The design of the harp used by the modern Irish state is based on the Brian Boru

The harp is a symbol of Ireland, representing

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Celsius - wikipedia <H1> Celsius </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Celsius ( disambiguation ) . A thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius <P> The Celsius scale , previously known as the centigrade scale , is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units ( SI ) . As an SI derived unit , it is used by all countries in the world , except the United States , Myanmar , and Liberia . It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius ( 1701 -- 1744 ) , who developed a similar temperature scale . The degree Celsius ( symbol : ° C ) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval , a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty . Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948 , the unit was called centigrade , from the Latin centum , which means 100 , and gradus , which means steps . </P> <P> Before 1954 , the Celsius scale was based on 0 ° C for the freezing point of water and 100 ° C for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure following a change introduced in 1743 by Jean - Pierre Christin to reverse the Celsius thermometer scale ( from water boiling at 0 degrees and ice melting at 100 degrees ) . This scale is widely taught in schools today . </P> <P> By international agreement , since 1954 the unit `` degree Celsius '' and the Celsius scale are defined by absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water ( VSMOW ) , a specially purified water . This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale , which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero , the lowest temperature possible , is defined as being exactly 0 K and − 273.15 ° C. The temperature of the triple point of water is defined as exactly 273.16 K ( 0.01 ° C ; 32.02 ° F ) . This means that a temperature difference of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin are exactly the same . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Centigrade , hectograde and Celsius </Li> <Li> 1.2 Common temperatures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Name and symbol typesetting <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Unicode character </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Temperatures and intervals </Li> <Li> 4 Coexistence of Kelvin and Celsius scales </Li> <Li> 5 Melting and boiling points of water </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> An illustration of Anders Celsius 's original thermometer . Note the reversed scale , where 100 is the freezing point of water and 0 is its boiling point . <P> In 1742 , Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius ( 1701 -- 1744 ) created a temperature scale which was the reverse of the scale now known by the name `` Celsius '' : 0 represented the boiling point of water , while 100 represented the freezing point of water . In his paper Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer , he recounted his experiments showing that the melting point of ice is essentially unaffected by pressure . He also determined with remarkable precision how the boiling point of water varied as a function of atmospheric pressure . He proposed that the zero point of his temperature scale , being the boiling point , would be calibrated at the mean barometric pressure at mean sea level . This pressure is known as one standard atmosphere . The BIPM 's 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures ( CGPM ) later defined one standard atmosphere to equal precisely 1,013,250 dynes per square centimetre ( 101.325 kPa ) . </P> <P> In 1743 , the Lyonnais physicist Jean - Pierre Christin , permanent secretary of the Académie des sciences , belles - lettres et arts de Lyon , working independently of Celsius , developed a scale where zero represented the freezing point of water and 100 represented the boiling point of water . On 19 May 1743 he published the design of a mercury thermometer , the `` Thermometer of Lyon '' built by the craftsman Pierre Casati that used this scale . </P> <P> In 1744 , coincident with the death of Anders Celsius , the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus ( 1707 -- 1778 ) reversed Celsius 's scale . His custom - made `` linnaeus - thermometer '' , for use in his greenhouses , was made by Daniel Ekström , Sweden 's leading maker of scientific instruments at the time , whose workshop was located in the basement of the Stockholm observatory . As often happened in this age before modern communications , numerous physicists , scientists , and instrument makers are credited with having independently developed this same scale ; among them were Pehr Elvius , the secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( which had an instrument workshop ) and with whom Linnaeus had been corresponding ; Daniel Ekström , the instrument maker ; and Mårten Strömer ( 1707 -- 1770 ) who had studied astronomy under Anders Celsius . </P> <P> The first known Swedish document reporting temperatures in this modern `` forward '' Celsius scale is the paper Hortus Upsaliensis dated 16 December 1745 that Linnaeus wrote to a student of his , Samuel Nauclér . In it , Linnaeus recounted the temperatures inside the orangery at the University of Uppsala Botanical Garden : </P> <P> ... since the caldarium ( the hot part of the greenhouse ) by the angle of the windows , merely from the rays of the sun , obtains such heat that the thermometer often reaches 30 degrees , although the keen gardener usually takes care not to let it rise to more than 20 to 25 degrees , and in winter not under 15 degrees ... </P> <H3> Centigrade , hectograde and Celsius ( edit ) </H3> <P> Since the 19th century , the scientific and thermometry communities worldwide have referred to this scale as the centigrade scale . Temperatures on the centigrade scale were often reported simply as degrees or , when greater specificity was desired , as degrees centigrade ( symbol : ° C ) . Because the term centigrade was also the Spanish and French language name for a unit of angular measurement ( 1 / 10000 of a right angle ) and had a similar connotation in other languages , the term centesimal degree ( known as the gradian , `` grad '' or `` gon '' : 1g = 0.9 ° , 100g = 90 ° ) was used when very precise , unambiguous language was required by international standards bodies such as the BIPM . More properly , what was defined as `` centigrade '' then would now be `` hectograde '' . Furthermore , in the context here , centigrade / hectograde is referring to the whole 0 -- 100 range , not the given part thereof , hence `` 20 ° centigrade '' means `` 20g per 100 gradians '' ( or 20 % hectograde ) , not its literal description , `` 0.2 gradians '' . </P> <Dl> <Dd> ( To be descriptively correct , `` 20 ° centigrade '' should be `` 20 ° hectocentigrade '' , or just `` 20 gradians '' ( 20g ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> To eliminate such confusion , the 9th CGPM and the CIPM ( Comité international des poids et mesures ) formally adopted `` degree Celsius '' in 1948 , formally keeping the recognized degree symbol , rather than adopting the gradian / centesimal degree symbol . </P> <P> For scientific use , `` Celsius '' is the term usually used , with `` centigrade '' otherwise continuing to be in common but decreasing use , especially in informal contexts in English - speaking countries . It was not until February 1985 that the forecasts issued by the BBC switched from `` centigrade '' to `` Celsius '' . </P> <H3> Common temperatures ( edit ) </H3> <P> Some key temperatures relating the Celsius scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below . </P> <Table> Key scale relations <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Kelvin </Th> <Th> Celsius </Th> <Th> Fahrenheit </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Absolute zero ( precisely , by definition ) </Td> <Td> 0 K </Td> <Td> − 273.15 ° C </Td> <Td> − 459.67 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boiling point of liquid nitrogen </Td> <Td> 77.4 K </Td> <Td> − 195.8 ° C </Td> <Td> − 320.4 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sublimation point of dry ice . </Td> <Td> 195.1 K </Td> <Td> − 78 ° C </Td> <Td> − 108.4 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Intersection of Celsius and Fahrenheit scales . </Td> <Td> 233.15 K </Td> <Td> − 40 ° C </Td> <Td> − 40 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Melting point of H O ( purified ice ) </Td> <Td> 273.1499 K </Td> <Td> − 0.0001 ° C </Td> <Td> 31.9998 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Water 's triple point ( precisely , by definition ) </Td> <Td> 273.16 K </Td> <Td> 0.01 ° C </Td> <Td> 32.018 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Normal human body temperature ( approximate average ) </Td> <Td> 310.15 K </Td> <Td> 37.0 ° C </Td> <Td> 98.6 ° F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Water 's boiling point at 1 atm ( 101.325 kPa ) ( approximate : see Boiling point ) </Td> <Td> 373.1339 K </Td> <Td> 99.9839 ° C </Td> <Td> 211.971 ° F </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Name and symbol typesetting ( edit ) </H2> <P> The `` degree Celsius '' has been the only SI unit whose full unit name contains an uppercase letter since the SI base unit for temperature , the kelvin , became the proper name in 1967 replacing the term degrees Kelvin . The plural form is degrees Celsius . </P> <P> The general rule of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM ) is that the numerical value always precedes the unit , and a space is always used to separate the unit from the number , e.g. `` 30.2 ° C '' ( not `` 30.2 ° C '' or `` 30.2 ° C '' ) . Thus the value of the quantity is the product of the number and the unit , the space being regarded as a multiplication sign ( just as a space between units implies multiplication ) . The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree , minute , and second for plane angle ( ° , ′ , and '' , respectively ) , for which no space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol . Other languages , and various publishing houses , may follow different typographical rules . </P> <H3> Unicode character ( edit ) </H3> <P> Unicode provides the Celsius symbol at codepoint U + 2103 °C degree celsius . However , this is a compatibility character provided for roundtrip compatibility with legacy encodings . It easily allows correct rendering for vertically written East Asian scripts , such as Chinese . The Unicode standard explicitly discourages the use of this character : `` In normal use , it is better to represent degrees Celsius `` ° C '' with a sequence of U + 00B0 ° degree sign + U + 0043 C latin capital letter c , rather than U + 2103 °C degree celsius . For searching , treat these two sequences as identical . '' </P> <P> Shown below is the degree Celsius character followed immediately by the two - component version : </P> <Dl> <Dd> °C ° C </Dd> </Dl> <P> When viewed on computers that properly support Unicode , the above line may be similar to the image in the line below (

The origin of the word "Celsius" is

What is the origin of the word celsius?

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Keeley Hawes - wikipedia <H1> Keeley Hawes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Keeley Hawes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Hawes in 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Keeley Clare Julia Hawes ( 1976 - 02 - 10 ) 10 February 1976 ( age 41 ) Marylebone , London , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1989 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Spencer McCallum ( m . 2001 ; div. 2004 ) Matthew Macfadyen ( m . 2004 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Keeley Clare Julia Hawes ( born 10 February 1976 ) is an English actress . She starred in the film version of The Last September ( 1999 ) and has voiced roles in video games , such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games . She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet , Zoe Reynolds in Spooks ( 2002 -- 2004 ) , Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes ( 2008 -- 2010 ) , Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs , Downstairs , Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty ( 2014 -- 2016 ) , as a mother in search of her abducted child in the BBC series The Missing , and as Louisa Durrell in the ITV series The Durrells . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1990s - 2001 : Early roles </Li> <Li> 2.2 2002 - 2014 : Television breakthrough </Li> <Li> 2.3 Critical recognition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Philanthropy </Li> <Li> 5 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Film </Li> <Li> 5.2 Television </Li> <Li> 5.3 Stage </Li> <Li> 5.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Awards </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early Life ( edit ) </H2> Keeley Hawes ( 2014 ) <P> Hawes was born in Marylebone , London , the daughter of a cab driver . She was trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre School , which included speech and drama training . She left home at the age of 17 , and while doing work experience at Cosmopolitan she was approached on the street by a modelling scout and signed up by Select Model Management . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1990s - 2001 : early roles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Early in her career , Hawes featured in at least four music videos , for the singles `` Saturday Night '' by Suede , `` Marvellous '' by The Lightning Seeds , `` Come Around '' by The Mutton Birds , and `` She 's a Star '' by James . She first came into the public eye in the 1990s , having supporting roles in Troublemakers , Dennis Potter 's Karaoke ( 1995 ) , Heartbeat ( 1995 ) , The Beggar Bride ( 1997 ) , and as the young Diana Dors in the biopic The Blonde Bombshell ( 1999 ) . </P> <P> Hawes appeared in several BBC adaptations of classic and modern literature , including Our Mutual Friend ( 1998 ) , Wives and Daughters ( 1999 ) , Tipping the Velvet ( 2002 ) . </P> <H3> 2002 - 2014 : television breakthrough ( edit ) </H3> <P> From 2002 to 2004 , she appeared as Zoe Reynolds in the spy drama series Spooks . Among the co-stars was her future husband Matthew Macfadyen . In 2003 , she appeared in the BBC 's re-telling of The Canterbury Tales . From 2006 to 2007 , she appeared as Rosie in the British comedy The Vicar of Dibley . She was also cast as Jane in the 2007 comedy Death at a Funeral . In February 2006 , it was revealed that Hawes had replaced Jonell Elliott as the voice of Lara Croft . She voiced the role in Tomb Raider : Legend , reprising her role in the 2007 remake of the original Tomb Raider game , Tomb Raider : Anniversary , and again in 2008 's Tomb Raider : Underworld . She has also recorded her lines for the arcade - style Tomb Raider game Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light , released in 2010 . She returned to voice Lara again in Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light sequel Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris , released in 2014 . </P> <P> In 2007 , Hawes was cast as Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes , the spin - off from the hit BBC series Life on Mars . It told the story of a female police officer in service with London 's Metropolitan Police , who , after being shot in 2008 , inexplicably regains consciousness in 1981 , having assimilated Sam Tyler 's fantasies after being imprisoned in a coma . The series , broadcast in 2008 , follows her fighting to wake up from the world of 1981 so she can get back to the present day and save her daughter . She was awarded the Best UK Television Actress Award in 2008 by the Glamour Awards for her role . In September 2009 , Hawes filmed the final series . The finale aired in May and gained over seven million viewers . </P> <P> In April 2008 , Hawes began filming the BBC drama Mutual Friends , which aired later that year . She appeared in the BAFTA award winning That Mitchell and Webb Look , and in 2010 , was a guest on the comedy panel show Would I Lie to You ? . In 2009 , she portrayed Det Supt Martha Lawson in a six - episode ITV series , Identity . In December 2010 , she starred as Lady Agnes Holland in the three - episode relaunch of Upstairs , Downstairs . </P> <P> On 25 April 2011 , Hawes narrated the documentary Kate and William : A Royal Love Story on BBC One , prior to the wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton . On 20 June 2011 , she narrated the ITV1 documentary Four of a Kind as part of ITV 's Extraordinary Families season . She appeared as Catherine Mundi in the fantasy adventure film Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box . </P> <P> In July 2017 , Hawes appeared in a television advert promoting the ' All new Ford Fiesta ' . </P> <H3> Critical recognition ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2014 , she starred as Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second series of the BBC Two drama Line of Duty , giving what The Daily Telegraph described as `` the performance of 2014 '' . In the autumn of 2014 , she guest - starred as Ms. Delphox in the eighth series of Doctor Who . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hawes married the DJ and cartoonist Spencer McCallum in December 2001 , when their son , Myles , was almost two years old . They divorced in 2004 . In November 2004 , Hawes married Matthew Macfadyen , her Spooks co-star . Their first child , a daughter , Maggie , was born in December of that year . Their second child , a son , Ralph , was born in September 2006 . </P> <P> In 2002 , after working on the television adaptation of Tipping the Velvet , Hawes was quoted in interviews with Diva magazine and Radio Times as saying that she is bisexual . Later , in a Daily Mail article , she explained that `` what I actually said was that everybody is probably perfectly capable of finding somebody of the same sex attractive , but I certainly have n't had any lesbian relationships '' , and in Radio Times , she said `` maybe what I meant is that everyone is a little bit bisexual ... I 've been married twice , both times to men '' . </P> <H2> Philanthropy ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hawes began working with UNICEF in 2012 ; in 2017 she became a UNICEF ambassador . Her main focus has been visiting children and families living in the Za'atari refugee camp and host communities in Amman . Many of these children and families had fled their homes in Syria due to the ongoing conflict . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Moonstone </Td> <Td> Rachel </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> The Avengers </Td> <Td> Tamara </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> The Last September </Td> <Td> Lois Farquar </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Complicity </Td> <Td> Yvonne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Othello </Td> <Td> Dessie Brabant </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Chaos and Cadavers </Td> <Td> Samantha Taggert </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> A Cock and Bull Story </Td> <Td> Elizabeth </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Death at a Funeral </Td> <Td> Jane </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> The Bank Job </Td> <Td> Wendy Leather </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flashbacks of a Fool </Td> <Td> Adult Jessie </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box </Td> <Td> Catherine Mundi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> High - Rise </Td> <Td> Ann Royal </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Forever Green </Td> <Td> Carol </Td> <Td> Season 1 , episode 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Troublemakers </Td> <Td> Mandy </Td> <Td> 6 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ruth Rendell Mysteries </Td> <Td> Sarah Mabledene </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Talking to Strange Men '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pie in the Sky </Td> <Td> Stella Jackson </Td> <Td> 2 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Karaoke </Td> <Td> Linda Langer </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Tuesday , Wednesday , Thursday , Friday '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Heartbeat </Td> <Td> Michelle </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Snapped '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Beggar Bride </Td> <Td> Angela Harper </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Our Mutual Friend </Td> <Td> Lizzie Hexam </Td> <Td> 4 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Cater Street Hangman </Td> <Td> Charlotte Ellison </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> The Blonde Bombshell </Td> <Td> Younger Diana Dors </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wives and Daughters </Td> <Td> Cynthia Kirkpatrick </Td> <Td> 4 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Hotel ! </Td> <Td> Tricia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Murder in Mind </Td> <Td> Deborah </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Sleeper '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> A Is for Acid </Td> <Td> Gillian Rogers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Me and Mrs Jones </Td> <Td> Jane </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tipping the Velvet </Td> <Td> Kitty Butler </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spooks </Td> <Td> Zoe Reynolds </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Lucky Jim </Td> <Td> Christine Callaghan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Canterbury Tales </Td> <Td> Emily </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sex & Lies </Td> <Td> Kate </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Murdoch Mysteries </Td> <Td> Dr. Julia Ogden </Td> <Td> 2 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> ShakespeaRe - Told </Td> <Td> Ella Macbeth </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Macbeth '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Agatha Christie 's Marple </Td> <Td> Philippa Haymes </Td> <Td> Episode : `` A

The character Lindsay Denton in the TV series Line of Duty is played by

Who plays lindsay denton in line of duty?

-7205494399914538839

The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy - wikipedia <H1> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( disambiguation ) and Hitchhiker 's Guide ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First edition cover of The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( novel ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Douglas Adams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original work </Th> <Td> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy Primary and Secondary Phases ( 1978 -- 80 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Print publications </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Book ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy : The Original Radio Scripts ( 1985 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novel ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> The Restaurant at the End of the Universe ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Life , the Universe and Everything ( 1982 ) </Li> <Li> So Long , and Thanks for All the Fish ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Mostly Harmless ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> And Another Thing ... ( 2009 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Films and television </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television series </Th> <Td> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video game ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 1984 ) Starship Titanic ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Radio programme ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy Primary and Secondary Phases ( 1978 -- 80 ) </Li> <Li> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy Tertiary to Quintessential Phases ( 2004 -- 05 ) </Li> <Li> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy Hexagonal Phase ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( sometimes referred to as HG2G , HHGTTG or H2G2 ) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams . Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978 , it was later adapted to other formats , including stage shows , novels , comic books , a 1981 TV series , a 1984 video game , and 2005 feature film . </P> <P> A prominent series in British popular culture , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy has become an international multi-media phenomenon ; the novels are the most widely distributed , having been translated into more than 30 languages by 2005 . In 2017 , BBC Radio 4 announced a 40th - anniversary celebration with Dirk Maggs , one of the original producers , in charge . This sixth series of the sci - fi spoof has been based on Eoin Colfer 's book And Another Thing , with additional unpublished material by Douglas Adams . The first of six new episodes was broadcast on 8 March 2018 . </P> <P> The broad narrative of Hitchhiker follows the misadventures of the last surviving man , Arthur Dent , following the demolition of the planet Earth by a Vogon constructor fleet to make way for a hyperspace bypass . Dent is rescued from Earth 's destruction by Ford Prefect , a human - like alien writer for the eccentric , electronic travel guide The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , by hitchhiking onto a passing Vogon spacecraft . Following his rescue , Dent explores the galaxy with Prefect and encounters Trillian , another human that had been taken from Earth prior to its destruction by the President of the Galaxy , the two - headed Zaphod Beeblebrox , and the depressed Marvin , the Paranoid Android . Certain narrative details were changed between the various adaptations . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Original radio series </Li> <Li> 4 Novels <Ul> <Li> 4.1 The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy </Li> <Li> 4.2 The Restaurant at the End of the Universe </Li> <Li> 4.3 Life , the Universe and Everything </Li> <Li> 4.4 So Long , and Thanks for All the Fish </Li> <Li> 4.5 Mostly Harmless </Li> <Li> 4.6 And Another Thing ... </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Omnibus editions <Ul> <Li> 5.1 The More Than Complete Hitchhiker 's Guide </Li> <Li> 5.2 The Ultimate Hitchhiker 's Guide </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Other Hitchhiker 's - related books and stories <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Related stories </Li> <Li> 6.2 Published radio scripts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Television series <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Other television appearances </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Radio series three to five </Li> <Li> 9 Radio series six </Li> <Li> 10 Film </Li> <Li> 11 Stage shows </Li> <Li> 12 Live radio adaptation </Li> <Li> 13 LP album adaptations </Li> <Li> 14 Audiobook adaptations </Li> <Li> 15 Interactive fiction and video games </Li> <Li> 16 Comic books </Li> <Li> 17 `` Hitch - Hikeriana '' </Li> <Li> 18 International phenomenon </Li> <Li> 19 Spelling </Li> <Li> 20 See also </Li> <Li> 21 References </Li> <Li> 22 External links <Ul> <Li> 22.1 Official sites </Li> <Li> 22.2 Other links </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The various versions follow the same basic plot but they are in many places mutually contradictory , as Adams rewrote the story substantially for each new adaptation . Throughout all versions , the series follows the adventures of Arthur Dent , a hapless Englishman , following the destruction of the Earth by the Vogons , a race of unpleasant and bureaucratic aliens , to make way for an intergalactic bypass . Dent 's adventures intersect with several other characters : Ford Prefect ( who named himself after the Ford Prefect car to blend in with what was assumed to be the dominant life form , automobiles ) , an alien from a small planet somewhere in the vicinity of Betelgeuse and a researcher for the eponymous guidebook , who rescues Dent from Earth 's destruction ; Zaphod Beeblebrox , Ford 's eccentric semi-cousin and the Galactic President ; the depressed robot Marvin the Paranoid Android ; and Trillian , formerly known as Tricia McMillan , a woman Arthur once met at a party in Islington and the only other human survivor of Earth 's destruction thanks to Beeblebrox ' intervention . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first radio series comes from a proposal called `` The Ends of the Earth '' : six self - contained episodes , all ending with Earth 's being destroyed in a different way . While writing the first episode , Adams realized that he needed someone on the planet who was an alien to provide some context , and that this alien needed a reason to be there . Adams finally settled on making the alien a roving researcher for a `` wholly remarkable book '' named The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy . As the first radio episode 's writing progressed , the Guide became the centre of his story , and he decided to focus the series on it , with the destruction of Earth being the only hold - over . </P> <P> Adams claimed that the title came from a 1971 incident while he was hitchhiking around Europe as a young man with a copy of the Hitch - hiker 's Guide to Europe book : while lying drunk in a field near Innsbruck with a copy of the book and looking up at the stars , he thought it would be a good idea for someone to write a hitchhiker 's guide to the galaxy as well . However , he later claimed that he had told this story so many times that he had forgotten the incident itself , and only remembered himself telling the story . His friends are quoted as saying that Adams mentioned the idea of `` hitch - hiking around the galaxy '' to them while on holiday in Greece in 1973 . </P> <P> Adams 's fictional Guide is an electronic guidebook to the entire universe , originally published by Megadodo Publications , one of the great publishing houses of Ursa Minor Beta . The narrative of the various versions of the story are frequently punctuated with excerpts from the Guide . The voice of the Guide ( Peter Jones in the first two radio series and TV versions , later William Franklyn in the third , fourth and fifth radio series , and Stephen Fry in the movie version ) , also provides general narration . </P> <H2> Original radio series ( edit ) </H2> See also : The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( radio series ) and The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy Primary and Secondary Phases <P> The first radio series of six episodes ( called `` Fits '' after the names of the sections of Lewis Carroll 's nonsense poem `` The Hunting of the Snark '' ) was broadcast in 1978 on BBC Radio 4 . Despite a low - key launch of the series ( the first episode was broadcast at 10 : 30 pm on Wednesday , 8 March 1978 ) , it received generally good reviews and a tremendous audience reaction for radio . A one - off episode ( a `` Christmas special '' ) was broadcast later in the year . The BBC had a practice at the time of commissioning `` Christmas Special '' episodes for popular radio series , and while an early draft of this episode of The Hitchhiker 's Guide had a Christmas - related plotline , it was decided to be `` in slightly poor taste '' and the episode as transmitted served as a bridge between the two series . This episode was released as part of the second radio series and , later , The Secondary Phase on cassettes and CDs . The Primary and Secondary Phases were aired , in a slightly edited version , in the United States on NPR Playhouse . </P> <P> The first series was repeated twice in 1978 alone and many more times in the next few years . This led to an LP re-recording , produced independently of the BBC for sale , and a further adaptation of the series as a book . A second radio series , which consisted of a further six episodes , and bringing the total number of episodes to 12 , was broadcast in 1980 . </P> <P> The radio series ( and the LP and TV versions ) greatly benefited from the narration of noted comedy actor Peter Jones as The Book . He was cast after it was decided that a `` Peter Jonesy '' sort of voice was required . This led to a three - month search for an actor who sounded exactly like Peter Jones , which was unsuccessful . The producers then hired Peter Jones as exactly the `` Peter Jonesy '' voice they were looking for . </P> <P> The series was also notable for its use of sound , being the first comedy series to be produced in stereo . Adams said that he wanted the programme 's production to be comparable to that of a modern rock album . Much of the programme 's budget was spent on sound effects , which were largely the work of Paddy Kingsland ( for the pilot episode and the complete second series ) at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop and Dick Mills and Harry Parker ( for the remaining episodes ( 2 -- 6 ) of the first series ) . The fact that they were at the forefront of modern radio production in 1978 and 1980 was reflected when the three new series of

The science fiction comedy series "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" was first made in

When was hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy made?

4705803842367216340

Chlorofluorocarbon - wikipedia <H1> Chlorofluorocarbon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon , chlorine , and fluorine , produced as volatile derivative of methane , ethane , and propane . They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon . The most common representative is dichlorodifluoromethane ( R - 12 or Freon - 12 ) . Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants , propellants ( in aerosol applications ) , and solvents . Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere , the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol , and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons ( HFCs ) ( e.g. , R - 410A ) and R - 134a . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure , properties and production </Li> <Li> 2 Reactions </Li> <Li> 3 Applications </Li> <Li> 4 Classes of compounds , nomenclature <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Numbering system </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 History <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Commercial development and use </Li> <Li> 5.2 Regulation <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Regulatory gap </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 Regulation and DuPont </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 Phasing - out of CFCs </Li> <Li> 5.4 Development of alternatives for CFCs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Environmental impacts </Li> <Li> 7 Tracer of ocean circulation <Ul> <Li> 7.1 CFC and SF tracer - derived age of ocean water <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Partial pressure and ratio dating techniques </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Safety </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure , properties and production ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Organofluorine chemistry <P> As in simpler alkanes , carbon in the CFCs bonds with tetrahedral symmetry . Because the fluorine and chlorine atoms differ greatly in size and effective charge from hydrogen and from each other , the methane - derived CFCs deviate from perfect tetrahedral symmetry . </P> <P> The physical properties of CFCs and HCFCs are tunable by changes in the number and identity of the halogen atoms . In general , they are volatile but less so than their parent alkanes . The decreased volatility is attributed to the molecular polarity induced by the halides , which induces intermolecular interactions . Thus , methane boils at − 161 ° C whereas the fluoromethanes boil between − 51.7 ( CF H ) and − 128 ° C ( CF ) . The CFCs have still higher boiling points because the chloride is even more polarizable than fluoride . Because of their polarity , the CFCs are useful solvents , and their boiling points make them suitable as refrigerants . The CFCs are far less flammable than methane , in part because they contain fewer C-H bonds and in part because , in the case of the chlorides and bromides , the released halides quench the free radicals that sustain flames . </P> <P> The densities of CFCs are higher than their corresponding alkanes . In general , the density of these compounds correlates with the number of chlorides . </P> <P> CFCs and HCFCs are usually produced by halogen exchange starting from chlorinated methanes and ethanes . Illustrative is the synthesis of chlorodifluoromethane from chloroform : </P> <Dl> <Dd> HCCl + 2 HF → HCF Cl + 2 HCl </Dd> </Dl> <P> The brominated derivatives are generated by free - radical reactions of the chlorofluorocarbons , replacing C-H bonds with C - Br bonds . The production of the anesthetic 2 - bromo - 2 - chloro - 1 , 1 , 1 - trifluoroethane ( `` halothane '' ) is illustrative : </P> <Dl> <Dd> CF CH Cl + Br → CF CHBrCl + HBr </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Reactions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The most important reaction of the CFCs is the photo - induced scission of a C - Cl bond : </P> <Dl> <Dd> CCl F → CCl F + Cl </Dd> </Dl> <P> The chlorine atom , written often as Cl , behaves very differently from the chlorine molecule ( Cl ) . The radical Cl is long - lived in the upper atmosphere , where it catalyzes the conversion of ozone into O. Ozone absorbs UV - B radiation , so its depletion allows more of this high energy radiation to reach the Earth 's surface . Bromine atoms are even more efficient catalysts ; hence brominated CFCs are also regulated . </P> <H2> Applications ( edit ) </H2> <P> CFCs and HCFCs are used in a variety of applications because of their low toxicity , reactivity and flammability . Every permutation of fluorine , chlorine and hydrogen based on methane and ethane has been examined and most have been commercialized . Furthermore , many examples are known for higher numbers of carbon as well as related compounds containing bromine . Uses include refrigerants , blowing agents , propellants in medicinal applications and degreasing solvents . </P> <P> Billions of kilograms of chlorodifluoromethane are produced annually as precursor to tetrafluoroethylene , the monomer that is converted into Teflon . </P> <H2> Classes of compounds , nomenclature ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) : when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CCl F and C Cl F , where m is nonzero . </Li> <Li> Hydro - chlorofluorocarbons ( HCFCs ) : when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CCl F H and C Cl F H , where m , n , x , and y are nonzero . </Li> <Li> and bromofluorocarbons have formulae similar to the CFCs and HCFCs but also include bromine . </Li> <Li> Hydrofluorocarbons ( HFCs ) : when derived from methane , ethane , propane , and butane , these compounds have the respective formulae CF H , C F H , C F H , and C F H , where m is nonzero . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Numbering system ( edit ) </H3> Main article : refrigerant § Refrigerants by class <P> A special numbering system is used for fluorinated alkanes , prefixed with Freon - , R - , CFC - and HCFC - , where the rightmost value indicates the number of fluorine atoms , the next value to the left is the number of hydrogen atoms plus 1 , and the next value to the left is the number of carbon atoms less one ( zeroes are not stated ) , and the remaining atoms are chlorine . </P> <P> Freon - 12 , for example , indicates a methane derivative ( only two numbers ) containing two fluorine atoms ( the second 2 ) and no hydrogen ( 1 - 1 = 0 ) . It is therefore CCl F . </P> <P> Another , easier equation that can be applied to get the correct molecular formula of the CFC / R / Freon class compounds is this to take the numbering and add 90 to it . The resulting value will give the number of carbons as the first numeral , the second numeral gives the number of hydrogen atoms , and the third numeral gives the number of fluorine atoms . The rest of the unaccounted carbon bonds are occupied by chlorine atoms . The value of this equation is always a three figure number . An easy example is that of CFC - 12 , which gives : 90 + 12 = 102 - > 1 carbon , 0 hydrogens , 2 fluorine atoms , and hence 2 chlorine atoms resulting in CCl F. The main advantage of this method of deducing the molecular composition in comparison with the method described in the paragraph above is that it gives the number of carbon atoms of the molecule . </P> <P> Freons containing bromine are signified by four numbers . Isomers , which are common for ethane and propane derivatives , are indicated by letters following the numbers : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ( hide ) Principal CFCs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Systematic name </Th> <Th> Common / trivial name ( s ) , code </Th> <Th> Boiling point ( ° C ) </Th> <Th> Formula </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trichlorofluoromethane </Td> <Td> Freon - 11 , R - 11 , CFC - 11 </Td> <Td> 23.77 </Td> <Td> CCl F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dichlorodifluoromethane </Td> <Td> Freon - 12 , R - 12 , CFC - 12 </Td> <Td> − 29.8 </Td> <Td> CCl F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Difluoromethane / pentafluoroethane </Td> <Td> R - 410A , Puron , AZ - 20 </Td> <Td> − 48.5 </Td> <Td> 50 % CH F / 50 % CHF CF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chlorotrifluoromethane </Td> <Td> Freon - 13 , R - 13 , CFC - 13 </Td> <Td> − 81 </Td> <Td> CClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chlorodifluoromethane </Td> <Td> R - 22 , HCFC - 22 </Td> <Td> − 40.8 </Td> <Td> CHClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dichlorofluoromethane </Td> <Td> R - 21 , HCFC - 21 </Td> <Td> 8.9 </Td> <Td> CHCl F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chlorofluoromethane </Td> <Td> Freon 31 , R - 31 , HCFC - 31 </Td> <Td> − 9.1 </Td> <Td> CH ClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bromochlorodifluoromethane </Td> <Td> BCF , Halon 1211 , H - 1211 , Freon 12B1 </Td> <Td> − 3.7 </Td> <Td> CBrClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 , 1 , 2 - Trichloro - 1 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 113 , R - 113 , CFC - 113 , 1 , 1 , 2 - Trichlorotrifluoroethane </Td> <Td> 47.7 </Td> <Td> Cl FC - CClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 , 1 , 1 - Trichloro - 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 113a , R - 113a , CFC - 113a </Td> <Td> 45.9 </Td> <Td> Cl C - CF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 , 2 - Dichloro - 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 - tetrafluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 114 , R - 114 , CFC - 114 , Dichlorotetrafluoroethane </Td> <Td> 3.8 </Td> <Td> ClF C - CClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 - Chloro - 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 2 - pentafluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 115 , R - 115 , CFC - 115 , Chloropentafluoroethane </Td> <Td> − 38 </Td> <Td> ClF C - CF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 - Chloro - 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 - tetrafluoroethane </Td> <Td> R - 124 , HCFC - 124 </Td> <Td> − 12 </Td> <Td> CHFClCF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 , 1 - Dichloro - 1 - fluoroethane </Td> <Td> R - 141b , HCFC - 141b </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> Cl FC - CH </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 - Chloro - 1 , 1 - difluoroethane </Td> <Td> R - 142b , HCFC - 142b </Td> <Td> − 9.2 </Td> <Td> ClF C - CH </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tetrachloro - 1 , 2 - difluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 112 , R - 112 , CFC - 112 </Td> <Td> 91.5 </Td> <Td> CCl FCCl F </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tetrachloro - 1 , 1 - difluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 112a , R - 112a , CFC - 112a </Td> <Td> 91.5 </Td> <Td> CClF CCl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 , 1 , 2 - Trichlorotrifluoroethane </Td> <Td> Freon 113 , R - 113 , CFC - 113 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> CCl FCClF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 - bromo - 2 - chloro - 1 , 1 , 2 - trifluoroethane </Td> <Td> Halon 2311a </Td> <Td> 51.7 </Td> <Td> CHClFCBrF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 - bromo - 2 - chloro - 1 , 1 , 1 - trifluoroethane </Td> <Td> Halon 2311 </Td> <Td> 50.2 </Td> <Td> CF CHBrCl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 , 1 - Dichloro - 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 3 - pentafluoropropane </Td> <Td> R - 225ca , HCFC -

The full form of CFC's is

What is the full form of cfc's?

-366326691424887969

by comparing George 's age to how many years ago Joe had the affair with her . However , George never finds out about this despite several hints from Joe . Therefore , George is Madea 's distant nephew . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> Madea 's sister In Family Reunion , it was revealed that Madea has an older sister named Irene Andrews , who has a son named Sonny and a daughter named Victoria . The film begins with everyone leaving Irene 's funeral . Madea was shown as not caring much for her sister ; in fact , not only does Madea claim she 's happy Irene 's died , but she has also said Irene probably died on purpose to get out of repaying Madea a $20 loan . In Madea Goes to Jail , Madea helps out Sonny by letting him stay at her home rent - free . </P> <H3> Madea 's parenting , husbands , and children ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Madea Goes to Jail , it was revealed that Madea supported her children by stripping , pole dancing , and professional wrestling , among other things . </P> <P> Madea has buried nine husbands , among them Jimmy and Johnny . Madea claims to have shot some of them and poisoned others of them with her sweet potato pie . After each husband died , they were buried quickly and Madea collected their life insurance checks . Each time it 's happened , Madea has stated `` I 'm tryin ' to get to the insurance company by five , and the casino by nine ! '' </P> <P> First husband : Johnny Simmons Madea killed her first husband Johnny Simmons ( deceased ) , the father of Michelle and William . Madea implies that she was glad when he died and that their marriage was n't good . Johnny 's niece Vickie appears in Family Reunion ; she is the mother of four sons . </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> Daughter with first husband : Michelle Griffin </Dd> <Dd> Madea 's daughter , Michelle Griffin , was born when Madea and her first husband , Johnny , were teenagers . Michelle grew up to be a prostitute and neglectful mother of two daughters of her own , Maylee and Vianne , who appear in the play I Can Do Bad All by Myself . Michelle 's children might have different fathers . </Dd> <Dd> Michelle 's husband was a drunk who did n't spend enough time with either of his children . Madea explains that Michelle did not know the father of Maylee and called her `` Maybe '' because she was sleeping with four or five men when she got pregnant . Madea changed it to `` Maylee '' when she took her and Vianne out of the projects to raise them . Maylee has a 14 - year - old daughter Keisha , who is also seen as pregnant . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> Daughter : Cora Simmons Madea 's daughter , Cora Simmons , is her most recognized and only child to appear in most of the plays and movies . Cora is 50 in Diary of a Mad Black Woman . She was born in 1953 when Madea was 18 . Cora is a devout Christian and is often in the company of her father Leroy Brown . </P> <P> Tina and Lisa only appear in Family Reunion , but are the only granddaughters to be mentioned all the time . </P> <P> Cora thought that Johnny was her father until Class Reunion , in which Madea reminded Cora that she ( Cora ) was the product of a one - night stand with Leroy Brown during their prom in 1953 . This suggests that Madea is 62 years old in her first appearance , as well as in Madea 's Class Reunion when her parents attend their 50th class reunion . Once Cora learned the truth , she became closer to Mr. Brown , visiting his family ( in Meet the Browns ) and taking him to the hospital in What 's Done in the Dark . Their father / daughter plotline is shown on movies in Meet the Browns , the TV series Tyler Perry 's House of Payne , and its spin - off series Meet the Browns . In the movie Tyler Perry 's Madea 's Big Happy Family , Cora enlists the help of Maury Povich to find out if Leroy Brown is in fact her father , after a blood test proves he is not . DNA tests reveal that Leroy Brown is not the father of Cora . </P> <P> In Madea 's Big Happy Family there is no apparent relation between Leroy Brown and Cora other than friends . </P> <P> Son : William Simmons William is Madea 's youngest and only son . Depending on the chronological order of the plays , William could be older than Cora . William is married to Myrtle . As far as the plays , Myrtle only appears in the Diary of a Mad Black Woman . She is , however , mentioned in the I Can Do Bad All by Myself play . In the plays , Myrtle is in her fifties . In the film timeline , Myrtle is in her 70s , and is placed in a retirement home . This shows a natural propensity to disregard timelines humorously , because Madea herself is only in her mid-seventies . </P> <P> William and Myrtle have three children : Helen , Jackie , and Gina , all of whom have either appeared or been mentioned in one of the plays ( though only Helen is mentioned in the movie ) . William 's oldest daughter , Helen , is in her mid to late 30s during Diary of a Mad Black Woman , which makes William in his fifties . </P> <P> Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral ( 2018 ) Madea has another brother named Heathrow ( Also played by Perry ) . A Vietnam war veteran . </P> <H2> Media & entertainment featuring Madea ( edit ) </H2> <P> Madea has appeared in several plays ( some of which have been recorded for repeated viewing ) , fully produced films , a couple of television programs ( guest appearances ) , one book and one animated film . The character made her first appearance in the 1999 play I Can Do Bad All by Myself , later appearing in numerous other plays by Perry , then appearing in films based on those plays . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Plays ( including recorded plays ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> I Can Do Bad All By Myself -- 1999 </Li> <Li> Diary of a Mad Black Woman -- 2001 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Family Reunion -- 2002 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Class Reunion -- 2003 </Li> <Li> Madea Goes to Jail -- 2006 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Big Happy Family -- 2010 </Li> <Li> A Madea Christmas -- 2011 </Li> <Li> Madea Gets a Job -- 2012 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Neighbors from Hell -- 2013 </Li> <Li> Madea on the Run -- 2015 </Li> </Ul> <H3> Films ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Diary of a Mad Black Woman -- 2005 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Family Reunion -- 2006 </Li> <Li> Meet the Browns ( cameo ) -- 2008 </Li> <Li> Madea Goes to Jail -- 2009 </Li> <Li> I Can Do Bad All by Myself -- 2009 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Big Happy Family -- 2011 </Li> <Li> Madea 's Witness Protection -- 2012 </Li> <Li> A Madea Christmas -- 2013 </Li> <Li> Boo ! A Madea Halloween -- 2016 </Li> <Li> Boo 2 ! A Madea Halloween -- 2017 </Li> <Li> A Madea Family Funeral -- 2018 </Li> </Ul> Animated film ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Madea 's Tough Love -- 2015 </Li> </Ul> <H3> Television programs ( edit ) </H3> House of Payne ( guest appearances ) ( edit ) <P> In the TBS comedy - drama House of Payne pilot episode `` Bully and the Beast '' , Madea was the foster mother of Nikki . She factored into the plot through a school altercation between her adopted daughter and Curtis Payne 's ( the series ' protagonist ) great - nephew Malik . Curtis takes a particular disliking to Madea , who is not in the least bit intimidated by Curtis at all . Rather conversely , Curtis became intimidated by Madea and had nightmares about her . </P> <P> In the episode `` The Wench Who Saved Christmas '' , Curtis tries to discourage everyone from having the Christmas spirit . He later fell asleep and dreamt that Madea was the ghost of Christmas past , present , and future . In this form , she tried to teach him a lesson about his killjoy behavior . </P> <P> In the episode `` Wife Swap '' , Curtis ' wife Ella chastises him for taking her for granted . That night , Curtis has an extended nightmare where he is married to Madea instead of Ella . </P> Meet the Browns ( mentioned ) ( edit ) <P> On another TBS series , Meet the Browns , Madea is said to be the mother of Cora Simmons as a result of a one - night stand with the show 's lead character , She is an unseen character throughout the series . </P> Love Thy Neighbor ( guest appearance ) ( edit ) <P> On January 21 , 2015 , Madea made a special guest appearance in the Oprah Winfrey Network comedy series , Love Thy Neighbor . The episode titled `` Madea 's Pressure Is Up '' aired as part of the 3rd season of Love Thy Neighbor . </P> <H3> Book ( edit ) </H3> <P> Do n't Make a Black Woman Take Off Her Earrings : Perry wrote the book in the character 's persona . The book was published on April 11 , 2006 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Acclaim ( edit ) </H3> <P> Entertainment Weekly put the character on its end - of - the - decade , `` best - of '' list , saying , `` Whether she 's going to jail or just opening up a can of whupass , Tyler Perry 's Madea is the profane , gun - toting granny you never had but ( maybe ) wish you did . '' </P> <H3> Parody and satire ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> In early December 2012 , Madea was parodied on Saturday Night Live by actor Jamie Foxx . </Li> <Li> In the American Dad ! episode `` Spelling Bee My Baby , '' Steve Smith deliberately misspelled his words in a spelling bee so as to express his love for Akiko ( who was also competing ) , instead spelling random Tyler Perry / Madea films . </Li> <Li> The character was parodied on The Boondocks episode `` Pause '' , in which a thinly disguised version of Perry named Winston Jerome plays a similar character to Madea called Ma Duke . </Li> <Li> The character , and Perry himself , were both spoofed on South Park </Li> <Li> Madea was spoofed in the film Scary Movie 5 . </Li> <Li> In A Haunted House 2 , the church ladies say they 're going to see Madea 's latest film , Madea Goes to Mars . </Li> <Li> A few episodes of The Cleveland Show feature a character named Auntie Momma , who is a large , loud woman , who is later revealed to be the cross-dressing alter ego of Donna 's uncle Kevin . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Orlando Jones 's April Fools prank ( edit ) </H3> <P> On April 1 , 2013 , Orlando Jones pulled an April Fools ' Day prank , informing the public via his Huffington Post account that he would be replacing Perry as Madea . Jones led the

Madea's Family Funeral was released in

When does madea's family funeral come out?

-942228778821731241

</Dd> <Dd> TB </Dd> <Dt> West </Dt> <Dd> ARI </Dd> <Dd> LAR </Dd> <Dd> SF </Dd> <Dd> SEA </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Current roster ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="10"> Philadelphia Eagles roster <Ul> <Li> view </Li> <Li> talk </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarterbacks <Ul> <Li> 9 Nick Foles </Li> <Li> 7 Nate Sudfeld </Li> </Ul> <P> Running backs </P> <Ul> <Li> 36 Jay Ajayi </Li> <Li> 38 Kenjon Barner </Li> <Li> 29 LeGarrette Blount </Li> <Li> 30 Corey Clement </Li> <Li> 28 Wendell Smallwood </Li> </Ul> <P> Wide receivers </P> <Ul> <Li> 13 Nelson Agholor </Li> <Li> 18 Shelton Gibson </Li> <Li> 10 Mack Hollins </Li> <Li> 17 Alshon Jeffery </Li> <Li> 14 Marcus Johnson </Li> <Li> 82 Torrey Smith </Li> </Ul> <P> Tight ends </P> <Ul> <Li> 88 Trey Burton </Li> <Li> 87 Brent Celek </Li> <Li> 86 Zach Ertz </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Offensive linemen <Ul> <Li> 66 Will Beatty T </Li> <Li> 79 Brandon Brooks G </Li> <Li> 65 Lane Johnson T </Li> <Li> 62 Jason Kelce C </Li> <Li> 73 Isaac Seumalo G </Li> <Li> 72 Halapoulivaati Vaitai T </Li> <Li> 67 Chance Warmack G </Li> <Li> 61 Stefen Wisniewski G </Li> </Ul> <P> Defensive linemen </P> <Ul> <Li> 94 Beau Allen DT </Li> <Li> 96 Derek Barnett DE </Li> <Li> 50 Bryan Braman DE </Li> <Li> 91 Fletcher Cox DT </Li> <Li> 75 Vinny Curry DE </Li> <Li> 55 Brandon Graham DE </Li> <Li> 93 Timmy Jernigan DT </Li> <Li> 56 Chris Long DE </Li> <Li> 51 Steven Means DE </Li> <Li> 98 Elijah Qualls DT </Li> <Li> 97 Destiny Vaeao DT </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Linebackers <Ul> <Li> 53 Nigel Bradham OLB </Li> <Li> 57 Dannell Ellerbe MLB </Li> <Li> 47 Nathan Gerry OLB </Li> <Li> 52 Najee Goode OLB </Li> <Li> 54 Kamu Grugier - Hill OLB </Li> <Li> 95 Mychal Kendricks OLB </Li> </Ul> <P> Defensive backs </P> <Ul> <Li> 41 Ronald Darby CB </Li> <Li> 32 Rasul Douglas CB </Li> <Li> 24 Corey Graham FS </Li> <Li> 27 Malcolm Jenkins SS </Li> <Li> 22 Sidney Jones CB </Li> <Li> 23 Rodney McLeod FS </Li> <Li> 31 Jalen Mills CB </Li> <Li> 21 Patrick Robinson CB </Li> <Li> 26 Jaylen Watkins SS </Li> </Ul> <P> Special teams </P> <Ul> <Li> 4 Jake Elliott K </Li> <Li> 45 Rick Lovato LS </Li> <Li> 8 Donnie Jones P </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Reserve lists <Ul> <Li> -- Elie Bouka CB ( Future ) </Li> <Li> -- Randall Goforth CB ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 58 Jordan Hicks MLB ( IR ) </Li> <Li> -- Cameron Johnston P ( Future ) </Li> <Li> 42 Chris Maragos FS ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 71 Jason Peters T ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 34 Donnel Pumphrey RB ( IR ) </Li> <Li> -- Aziz Shittu DT ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 43 Darren Sproles RB ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 6 Caleb Sturgis K ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 59 Joe Walker MLB ( IR ) </Li> <Li> 11 Carson Wentz QB ( IR ) </Li> <Li> -- Dom Williams WR ( IR ) </Li> <Li> -- Marquess Wilson WR ( Future ) </Li> <Li> -- Adam Zaruba TE ( Future ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Practice squad </P> <Ul> <Li> 68 Josh Andrews G </Li> <Li> 33 De'Vante Bausby CB </Li> <Li> 85 Billy Brown TE </Li> <Li> 19 Rashard Davis WR </Li> <Li> 78 Darrell Greene G </Li> <Li> 39 Harold Jones - Quartey SS </Li> <Li> 35 D.J. 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WR </Li> </Ul> Rookies in italics <P> Roster updated January 9 , 2018 Depth chart Transactions 53 Active , 15 Inactive , 10 Practice squad </P> → AFC rosters → NFC rosters </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="10"> <Dl> <Dt> AFC East </Dt> <Dd> BUF </Dd> <Dd> MIA </Dd> <Dd> NE </Dd> <Dd> NYJ </Dd> <Dt> North </Dt> <Dd> BAL </Dd> <Dd> CIN </Dd> <Dd> CLE </Dd> <Dd> PIT </Dd> <Dt> South </Dt> <Dd> HOU </Dd> <Dd> IND </Dd> <Dd> JAX </Dd> <Dd> TEN </Dd> <Dt> West </Dt> <Dd> DEN </Dd> <Dd> KC </Dd> <Dd> LAC </Dd> <Dd> OAK </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> NFC East </Dt> <Dd> DAL </Dd> <Dd> NYG </Dd> <Dd> PHI </Dd> <Dd> WAS </Dd> <Dt> North </Dt> <Dd> CHI </Dd> <Dd> DET </Dd> <Dd> GB </Dd> <Dd> MIN </Dd> <Dt> South </Dt> <Dd> ATL </Dd> <Dd> CAR </Dd> <Dd> NO </Dd> <Dd> TB </Dd> <Dt> West </Dt> <Dd> ARI </Dd> <Dd> LAR </Dd> <Dd> SF </Dd> <Dd> SEA </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Preseason ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Week </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Record </Th> <Th> Game site </Th> <Th> NFL.com recap </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> August 10 </Td> <Td> at Green Bay Packers </Td> <Td> L 9 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lambeau Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> August 17 </Td> <Td> Buffalo Bills </Td> <Td> W 20 -- 16 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> August 24 </Td> <Td> Miami Dolphins </Td> <Td> W 38 -- 31 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> August 31 </Td> <Td> at New York Jets </Td> <Td> L 10 -- 16 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 2 </Td> <Td> MetLife Stadium </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Regular season ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Schedule ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Week </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Record </Th> <Th> Game site </Th> <Th> NFL.com recap </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> September 10 </Td> <Td> at Washington Redskins </Td> <Td> W 30 -- 17 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> FedExField </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> September 17 </Td> <Td> at Kansas City Chiefs </Td> <Td> L 20 -- 27 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Arrowhead Stadium </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> September 24 </Td> <Td> New York Giants </Td> <Td> W 27 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> October 1 </Td> <Td> at Los Angeles Chargers </Td> <Td> W 26 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> StubHub Center </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> October 8 </Td> <Td> Arizona Cardinals </Td> <Td> W 34 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> October 12 </Td> <Td> at Carolina Panthers </Td> <Td> W 28 -- 23 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Bank of America Stadium </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> October 23 </Td> <Td> Washington Redskins </Td> <Td> W 34 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> October 29 </Td> <Td> San Francisco 49ers </Td> <Td> W 33 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> November 5 </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos </Td> <Td> W 51 -- 23 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td colspan="6"> Bye </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> November 19 </Td> <Td> at Dallas Cowboys </Td> <Td> W 37 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 9 -- 1 </Td> <Td> AT&T Stadium </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> November 26 </Td> <Td> Chicago Bears </Td> <Td> W 31 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> December 3 </Td> <Td> at Seattle Seahawks </Td> <Td> L 10 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> <Td> CenturyLink Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> December 10 </Td> <Td> at Los Angeles Rams </Td> <Td> W 43 -- 35 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> December 17 </Td> <Td> at New York Giants </Td> <Td> W 34 -- 29 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 2 </Td> <Td> MetLife Stadium </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> December 25 </Td> <Td> Oakland Raiders </Td> <Td> W 19 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> December 31 </Td> <Td> Dallas Cowboys </Td> <Td> L 0 -- 6 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> Recap </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note : Intra-division opponents are in bold text . </P> <H3> Game summaries ( edit ) </H3> Week 1 : at Washington Redskins ( edit ) Week One : Philadelphia Eagles at Washington Redskins -- Game summary <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eagles </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Redskins </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> at FedExField , Landover , Maryland </P> <Ul> <Li> Date : September 10 </Li> <Li> Game time : 1 : 00 p.m. EDT </Li> <Li> Game weather : 67 ° F ( 19 ° C ) , sunny </Li> <Li> Game attendance : 78,685 </Li> <Li> Referee : Brad Allen </Li> <Li> TV announcers ( Fox ) : Kenny Albert , Ronde Barber and Kristina Pink </Li> <Li> Recap , Gamebook </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Game information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> First quarter </P> <Ul> <Li> PHI -- Nelson Agholor 58 - yard pass from Carson Wentz ( Caleb Sturgis kick ) , 11 : 43 . Eagles 7 -- 0 . Drive : 3 plays , 56 yards , 1 : 07 . </Li> </Ul> <P> Second quarter </P> <Ul> <Li> PHI -- LeGarrette Blount 1 - yard pass from Carson Wentz ( kick failed ) , 13 : 28 . Eagles 13 -- 0 . Drive : 8 plays , 39 yards , 4 : 20 . </Li> <Li> WAS -- Ryan Kerrigan 24 - yard interception return ( Dustin Hopkins kick ) , 8 : 39 . Eagles 13 -- 7 . Drive : 0 plays , 24 yards , 0 : 00 . </Li> <Li> WAS -- Chris Thompson 29 - yard pass from Kirk Cousins ( Dustin Hopkins kick ) , 1 : 26 . Redskins 14 -- 13 . Drive : 8 plays , 69 yards , 2 : 39 . </Li> <Li> PHI -- Caleb Sturgis 50 - yard field goal , 0 : 04 . Eagles 16 -- 14 . Drive : 10 plays , 43 yards , 1 : 17 . </Li> </Ul> <P> Third quarter </P> <Ul> <Li> PHI -- Caleb Sturgis 42 - yard field goal , 10 : 42 . Eagles 19 -- 14 . Drive : 9 plays , 51 yards , 4 : 22 . </Li> <Li> WAS -- Dustin Hopkins 33 - yard field goal , 2 : 11 . Eagles 19 -- 17 . Drive : 16 plays , 66 yards , 8 : 32 . </Li> </Ul> <P> Fourth quarter </P> <Ul> <Li> PHI -- Caleb Sturgis 37 - yard field goal , 2 : 02 . Eagles 22 -- 17 . Drive : 6 plays , 33 yards , 3 : 47 . </Li> <Li> PHI -- Fletcher Cox 20 - yard fumble return , ( Alshon Jeffery pass from Carson Wentz ) , 1 : 38 . Eagles 30 -- 17 . Drive : 0 plays , 20 yards , 0 : 00 . </Li> </Ul>

The team that beat the Eagles this season is the

Who is the team that beat the eagles this season?

-549757350185698395

Kevin ( Probably ) Saves the World - wikipedia <H1> Kevin ( Probably ) Saves the World </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kevin ( Probably ) Saves the World </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fantasy </Li> <Li> Comedy - drama </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Michele Fazekas </Li> <Li> Tara Butters </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jason Ritter </Li> <Li> JoAnna Garcia Swisher </Li> <Li> Kimberly Hebert Gregory </Li> <Li> India de Beaufort </Li> <Li> J. August Richards </Li> <Li> Chloe East </Li> <Li> Dustin Ybarra </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Blake Neely </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 12 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Michele Fazekas </Li> <Li> Tara Butters </Li> <Li> Chris Dingess </Li> <Li> Craig DiGregorio </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 43 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fazekas & Butters </Li> <Li> ABC Studios </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Disney -- ABC Domestic Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> ABC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> October 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 03 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kevin ( Probably ) Saves the World ( stylized as Kevin ^ Saves the World ) is an American high - concept angelic - themed fantasy comedy - drama television series that was created and executive produced by Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters for ABC Studios . The series airs on ABC as a Tuesday night entry during the 2017 -- 18 television season , and was greenlit on May 11 , 2017 . The series premiered on October 3 , 2017 . The show is set in Taylor , Texas . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring / Guest </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Casting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Kevin , a down - on - his - luck man who survived a suicide attempt , moves in with his twin sister Amy , an engineer and professor at the local college , and Amy 's teenage daughter Reese . Shortly after , he discovers a celestial being named Yvette ; Yvette claims that God has tasked Kevin with saving the world , and sent Yvette to guide and protect him . Only Kevin can see and hear Yvette , so his conversations appear to be hallucinations to those around him . The series also explores a mystery , as there are supposed to be 36 righteous souls in each generation , but for unknown reasons , Kevin is the only one left . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jason Ritter as Kevin Finn </Li> <Li> JoAnna Garcia as Amy Cabrera ( née Finn ) </Li> <Li> Kimberly Hebert Gregory as Yvette </Li> <Li> India de Beaufort as Kristin Allen </Li> <Li> J. August Richards as Sheriff Deputy Nathan Purcell </Li> <Li> Chloe East as Reese Cabrera </Li> <Li> Dustin Ybarra as Tyler Medina </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring / Guest ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Barbara Eve Harris as Colonel O'Donnell </Li> <Li> Michael Harney as Karl Gilmore </Li> <Li> Sam Huntington as Jake Gilmore </Li> <Li> Lesley Boone as Lucille </Li> <Li> Emma Bell as Deb </Li> <Li> Christian Ochoa as Ben </Li> <Li> Lauren Blumenfeld as Ava </Li> <Li> Richard Masur as Dr. Sloane </Li> <Li> Kate Flannery as Anne </Li> <Li> Will Sasso as Dave </Li> <Li> Brandon Quinn as Ignacio `` Iggy '' DePerro </Li> <Li> Anjali Bhimani as Susan Allen </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> Paul McGuigan </Td> <Td> Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters </Td> <Td> October 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> 4.17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> After getting fired from his Wall Street job and surviving a suicide attempt , Kevin Finn returns to his hometown to live with his twin sister Amy , a widowed mom , and her teenage daughter Reese . While Amy is away at a work assignment , a meteor crashes to earth near her home . Kevin and Reese investigate , and when Kevin touches the meteorite , he is hurtled backward . He begins having strange visions , including a mysterious woman named Yvette that only Kevin can see . Yvette calls herself one of God 's messengers , tasked with locating the 36 righteous souls of this generation , of which Kevin is the only one known to be left . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Listen Up '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Dowling </Td> <Td> Craig DiGregorio & Jack Kenny </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 3.61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Yvette tells Kevin that not even she knows what happened to the other 35 righteous ones , and that they 'll have to let the universe guide them . She explains that Kevin needs to strengthen his soul by performing good deeds . While helping the son of a brewery pub owner find his true path , Kevin reconnects with his ex-girlfriend Kristin and the two sleep together . They ponder getting back together , but both remember how badly Kevin treated Kristin in the past and decide it 's not a good idea . Kevin has a vision of an island surrounded by ocean . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Sweet Little Lies '' </Td> <Td> Peter Leto </Td> <Td> Chris Dingess & Davah Avena </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 3.26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Kevin tries to intervene as a wedding planner for Deb , whose former childhood friend proposed to her when she got cancer . But now that Deb is healthy , she reveals to Kevin that she does not want to get married . Kevin has a vision of a mariachi band . Yvette meets with Ava , a celestial messenger like herself . Ava says she will gather all the other messengers to meet about finding the rest of the righteous , but come meeting time , they are the only two to show up . Ava then says that she too is giving up . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` How to be Good '' </Td> <Td> J. Miller Tobin </Td> <Td> Teleplay by : Brant Englestein Story by : Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> 2.87 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Kevin helps Lucille , Tyler 's rude boss at the diner , and gets dragged into a feud between Lucille and her estranged sister , Anne . Kevin later has a vision of being in an Asian marketplace . Reese confronts Kevin about the strange things she 's observed , and asks if the meteorite gave him superpowers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` Brutal Acts of Kindness '' </Td> <Td> Rob Hardy </Td> <Td> Craig DiGregorio </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> 2.71 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> After Yvette convinces him to withdraw his entire $30,000 severance pay and give it away , Kevin helps a woman who can not afford her son 's diabetes medication . He later has a vision of being chased by a tiger through a jungle . Amy finds Reese 's journal and sees that Kevin caused Reese to be thrown in jail . She angrily tells Kevin to pack up and move out . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` Rocky Road '' </Td> <Td> Wendey Stanzler </Td> <Td> Jack Kenny </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 2.91 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Kevin begins looking for places to stay , hitting up Tyler , Kristin and Nathan . He also helps a man who lost his job 18 months ago look for work , learning that the man never told his wife and has now exhausted their life savings . Angry at her mom , Reese skips school and runs away to an abandoned factory . Kevin and Amy arrive to talk her down , but Reese slips from her perch and falls . Yvette suspends Reese in mid air for a couple of seconds , allowing Kevin to get underneath and catch her . A dumbfounded Amy observes , and starts seeing Kevin the way Reese has seen him . Kevin gets a printout of all his previous visions , plus a new one of mountaintops in the clouds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> `` Dave '' </Td> <Td> Ron Underwood </Td> <Td> Chris Dingess </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Kevin and Yvette are joined by Dave ( Will Sasso ) , another celestial messenger , who helps them on Kevin 's next assignment . The assignment turns out to be helping Kristin 's cancer - stricken mother Susan ( Anjali Bhimani ) find some joy while living out her last days . Kevin later sees a vision of a flaming gazebo . Meanwhile , Amy wants to use science to figure out what she witnessed when Reese fell , and soon meets Iggy ( Brandon Quinn ) , a theology professor who tries to convince her that it 's okay for some things to remain unexplained . Also , Nathan tells Reese he wants to ask Amy out on a date , but Reese will not give him permission . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> `` Chrysalis '' </Td> <Td> Metin Hüseyin </Td> <Td> Kevin Deiboldt </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Kevin sees a vision of blue butterflies , and follows one to an art class held by Ethan ( Enoch King ) . Kevin offers to help Ethan get over his fear of rejection by taking him to an art show , later realizing this will conflict with Reese 's school play . Dave appears and reveals himself to Ethan , offering to take him to the art showing so Kevin can be with his family . At the same time , Yvette meets with Ava , who tells her that Dave has turned all the celestial messengers against her . Kevin angrily confronts Yvette about being able to reveal herself to other people , and asks what else she 's hidden from him . Yvette admits she does not know if the other 35 righteous really exist , and is operating on faith alone . Kevin chooses to work with Dave , which backfires when Ethan gets scared and backs out of the show . Kevin returns to Yvette while making things right with Ethan by setting up a surprise showing of Ethan 's paintings . Ethan offers a painting of a

On the TV show "Kevin (Probably) Saves the World", Kevin's shrink is played by

Who plays kevins shrink on kevin probably saves the world?

-8265428613517661810

the state Lottery Act . ) By adding $1 to a basic Mega Millions game , to $3 , a player has an opportunity to multiply any non-jackpot prize by 2 , 3 , 4 , or 5 . The Megaplier is drawn by the Texas Lottery ( before the cross-sell expansion on January 31 , 2010 , it was the only lottery to offer Megaplier ) , which is drawn by a random number generator ( RNG ) . The odds for each Megaplier possibility are not uniform . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Megaplier </Th> <Th> Former odds ( October 19 , 2013 -- October 27 , 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Current odds </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2x </Td> <Td> 1 : 7.5 </Td> <Td> 1 : 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3x </Td> <Td> 1 : 3.75 </Td> <Td> 1 : 2.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4x </Td> <Td> 1 : 5 </Td> <Td> 1 : 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5x </Td> <Td> 1 : 2.5 </Td> <Td> 1 : 15 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Megaplier wagers made for drawings from September 12 , 2010 through October 18 , 2013 that won second prize ( then $250,000 ) were automatically elevated to 4x , winning $1 million . This `` guarantee '' did not carry over to the following version of Mega Millions , although the $1 million second prize became $5 million if the Megaplier is 5x . </P> <H3> Winning and probability ( edit ) </H3> <P> Former Mega Millions odds ( October 19 , 2013 -- October 27 , 2017 ) : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Matches </Th> <Th> Prize </Th> <Td> Approximate probability of winning </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> White balls ( pool of 75 ) </Td> <Td> Mega Ball ( pool of 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jackpot </Td> <Td> 1 in 258,890,850 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> $1 million </Td> <Td> 1 in 18,492,204 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $5,000 </Td> <Td> 1 in 739,688 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> $500 </Td> <Td> 1 in 52,835 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $50 </Td> <Td> 1 in 10,720 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> $5 </Td> <Td> 1 in 766 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $5 </Td> <Td> 1 in 473 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $2 </Td> <Td> 1 in 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $1 </Td> <Td> 1 in 21 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The probability and odds can be taken into a mathematical perspective : The probability of winning the jackpot ( through October 27 , 2017 ) was 1 : ( C ) x ( 15 ) ; that is : 75 ways for the first white ball times 74 ways for the second times 73 for the third times 72 for the fourth times 71 for the last white ball divided by 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 , or 5 ! , and this number is then multiplied by 15 ( 15 possible numbers for the `` Megaball '' ) . Therefore , ( 75 x 74 x 73 x 72 x 71 ) / ( 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 ) x 15 = 258,890,850 , which means any combination of five white balls plus the Megaball has a 1 : 258,890,850 chance of winning the jackpot . Similarly , the odds for second prize are 1 : ( C ) x ( 15 / 14 ) = 1 : 18,492,204 chance of winning . The overall probability of winning any prize was 1 in 14.7 . If there are no jackpot winners for a specific drawing , the jackpot will keep increasing , however , the odds will still remain the same . </P> <P> Payouts through October 18 , 2013 : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Matches </Th> <Th> Prize </Th> <Td> Approximate probability of winning </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> White balls ( pool of 56 ) </Td> <Td> Mega Ball ( pool of 46 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jackpot </Td> <Td> 1 in 175,711,536 ( C × 46 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> $250,000 </Td> <Td> 1 in 3,904,701 ( C × 46 / 45 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $10,000 </Td> <Td> 1 in 689,065 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> $150 </Td> <Td> 1 in 15,313 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $150 </Td> <Td> 1 in 13,781 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $10 </Td> <Td> 1 in 844 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> $7 </Td> <Td> 1 in 306 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $3 </Td> <Td> 1 in 141 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $2 </Td> <Td> 1 in 74.8 ( the probability for this prize was not 1 : 46 , because there is the possibility of matching at least one of the `` white '' balls , which decreases the likelihood of matching only the `` Mega Ball '' ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Overall probabilities : 1 in 755 of winning any of the top six prizes , 1 in 40 of winning any prize . </P> <P> In California , prize levels are paid on a parimutuel basis , rather than the fixed lower - tier amounts for winners in other Mega Millions jurisdictions . California 's eight lower - tier Mega Millions prize pools are separate from those shared by the other 45 lotteries . California 's second prize is a `` secondary jackpot '' ; its payout sometimes exceeds $1 million cash , even though California does not offer the Megaplier . </P> <H3> Payment options and claiming prizes ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Georgia , New Jersey , and Texas , players must choose , in advance , whether they wish to collect a jackpot prize in cash or annuity . Georgia and New Jersey winners can change an annuity ticket to cash should they be eligible for a jackpot share ; however , the choice is binding in Texas . The other Mega Millions members allow the cash / annuity choice to be made after winning ( usually 60 days after claiming the ticket ) , although in Florida the 60 - day `` clock '' starts with the drawing in which the jackpot prize was won . </P> <P> If a jackpot prize is not claimed within the respective jurisdiction 's time limit , each of the 46 Mega Millions members get back the money they contributed to that jackpot . Each of the 46 lotteries have rules in regards to unclaimed prizes ; most Mega Millions members set aside unclaimed winnings for educational purposes . </P> <P> In 2007 , a $31 million prize went unclaimed in New York . Many prizes of $250,000 each have been unclaimed , including several in Michigan for 2007 drawings . </P> <P> Mega Millions winners have either 180 days ( California non-jackpot prizes only ) or one year to claim prizes , including the jackpot ( although some Mega Millions winners lose the right to collect a jackpot in cash if they wait more than 60 days after the drawing ) . </P> <P> The minimum age to purchase a Mega Millions ticket is 18 , except in Arizona , Iowa and Louisiana , where the minimum is 21 , and in Nebraska ; its minimum is 19 . Generally ( an exception is Virginia ) , minors can win on tickets received as gifts ; the rules according to each Mega Millions member vary for minors receiving prizes . </P> <P> Rules vary according to the applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where the ticket is sold , and the winner 's residence ( e.g. if a New Jerseyan wins on a ticket bought near their workplace in Manhattan ) . Mega Millions winnings are exempt from state income tax in California ; while Florida , New Hampshire , South Dakota , Tennessee , Texas , Washington state , and Wyoming do not have an income tax . On the other hand , some residents of New York City and Yonkers , New York pay three levels of income tax , as these cities levy income taxes . </P> <H2> Drawings ( edit ) </H2> <P> Drawings are usually held at the studios of WSB - TV in Atlanta , Georgia . The original host was WSB 's chief meteorologist , Glenn Burns . Currently , most drawings are emceed by the full - time host of Georgia Lottery drawings , John Crow , with Brian Hooker the main substitute host . For larger jackpots , the drawing sometimes is moved to Times Square , with New York Lottery announcer Yolanda Vega co-hosting . </P> <P> Before the January 31 , 2010 cross-sell expansion , Mega Millions was the only multi-jurisdictional lottery whose drawings were carried nationally , instead of airing only on stations in participating jurisdictions . Chicago - based cable superstation WGN - TV simulcast Mega Millions drawings on its national WGN America feed immediately following WGN 's 9pm ( Central Time ) newscast . Following the cross-sell expansion , WGN also began airing Powerball drawings nationally . WGN served as a default carrier of both major games where no local television station carried either multi-jurisdictional lottery 's drawings . Both drawings were removed from WGN America in late 2014 when it ceased carrying WGN 's newscasts . </P> <P> Two machines are used in each Mega Millions drawing . The model used for Mega Millions is the Criterion II , manufactured by Smartplay International of Edgewater Park , New Jersey . The balls are moved around by means of counter-rotating arms which randomly mix the balls . Individually , the five white balls , several seconds apart , drop through a hole in the bottom of the mixing drum . </P> <H2> Record jackpots ( listed by cash value ) ( edit ) </H2> See also : Lottery jackpot records <Table> <Tr> <Td> Cash value ( in millions USD ) </Td> <Td> Annuity value ( in millions USD ) </Td> <Th> Drawing date </Th> <Th> Winner ( s ) </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $474 </Td> <Td> $656 </Td> <Td> March 30 , 2012 </Td> <Td> 3 ( MD , KS , IL ) </Td> <Td> World 's second largest jackpot ( cash or annuity ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $347.7 </Td> <Td> $648 </Td> <Td> December 17 , 2013 </Td> <Td> 2 ( CA , GA ) </Td> <Td> Second - largest annuity value </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $240 </Td> <Td> $380 </Td> <Td> January 4 , 2011 </Td> <Td> 2 ( ID , WA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $233 </Td> <Td> $390 </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2007 </Td> <Td> 2 ( GA , NJ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $224 </Td> <Td> $400 </Td> <Td> March 18 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 2 ( FL , MD ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $210 </Td> <Td> $336 </Td> <Td> August 28 , 2009 </Td> <Td> 2 ( CA , NY ) </Td> <Td> NY winner chose annuity ( the cash / annuity choice made `` when playing '' required per then - NY Lottery rules ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $208.3 </Td> <Td> $330 </Td> <Td> August 31 , 2007 </Td> <Td> 4 ( NJ , MD , TX , VA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $197.5 </Td> <Td> $326 </Td> <Td> November 4 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1 ( NY ) </Td> <Td> Sold in Middletown , Orange County </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $202.9 </Td> <Td> $319 </Td> <Td> March 25 , 2011 </Td> <Td> 1 ( Albany , NY ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> $180 </Td> <Td> $363 </Td> <Td> May 9 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 2 ( IL , MI ) </Td>

The cash option for the Mega Millions jackpot allows winners to choose

What is the cash option for the mega millions?

3642025747201578819

Battles of Saratoga - wikipedia <H1> Battles of Saratoga </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Battles of Saratoga </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the American Revolutionary War Saratoga campaign </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Surrender of General Burgoyne by John Trumbull , 1822 . This painting hangs in the United States Capitol Rotunda . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> September 19 and October 7 , 1777 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Stillwater , Saratoga County , New York 42 ° 59 ′ 56 '' N 73 ° 38 ′ 15 '' W  /  42.99889 ° N 73.63750 ° W  / 42.99889 ; - 73.63750 Coordinates : 42 ° 59 ′ 56 '' N 73 ° 38 ′ 15 '' W  /  42.99889 ° N 73.63750 ° W  / 42.99889 ; - 73.63750 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> Freeman 's Farm : </P> <Ul> <Li> British Pyrrhic victory </Li> </Ul> <P> Bemis Heights : </P> <Ul> <Li> Decisive American victory </Li> <Li> British surrender October 17 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States </P> <Ul> <Li> Canadian Auxiliaries </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain </P> <Ul> <Li> Quebec </Li> <Li> Loyalists </Li> <Li> Hesse - Cassel </Li> <Li> Hesse - Hanau </Li> <Li> Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Horatio Gates Benedict Arnold Benjamin Lincoln Enoch Poor Ebenezer Learned Daniel Morgan James Livingston </Td> <Td> John Burgoyne Simon Fraser † Baron Riedesel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9,000 ( first battle ) over 12,000 ( second battle ) over 15,000 ( at time of surrender ) </Td> <Td> 7,200 ( first battle ) 6,600 ( second battle ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 killed 240 wounded </Td> <Td> 440 killed 695 wounded 6,222 captured </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Saratoga Campaign 1777 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Fort Ticonderoga </Li> <Li> Hubbardton </Li> <Li> Fort Anne </Li> <Li> Slaying of Jane McCrea </Li> <Li> Fort Stanwix </Li> <Li> Oriskany </Li> <Li> Bennington </Li> <Li> 1st Saratoga ( Freeman 's Farm ) </Li> <Li> Forts Clinton and Montgomery </Li> <Li> 2nd Saratoga ( Bemis Heights ) </Li> <Li> Kingston </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Battles of Saratoga ( September 19 and October 7 , 1777 ) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign , giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War . British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley , hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario ; the southern and western forces never arrived , and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York . He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground , 9 miles ( 14 km ) south of Saratoga , New York . They both failed . </P> <P> Burgoyne found himself trapped by superior American forces with no relief in sight , so he retreated to Saratoga ( now Schuylerville ) and surrendered his entire army there on October 17 . His surrender , says historian Edmund Morgan , `` was a great turning point of the war because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory . '' </P> <P> Burgoyne 's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems . He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman 's Farm at the cost of significant casualties . His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British defenses . Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat , and his army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga , forcing him to surrender on October 17 . News of Burgoyne 's surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the war as an American ally , although it had previously given supplies , ammunition , and guns , notably the de Valliere cannon which played an important role in Saratoga . This battle also resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain . </P> <P> The battle on September 19 began when Burgoyne moved some of his troops in an attempt to flank the entrenched American position on Bemis Heights . Benedict Arnold anticipated the maneuver and placed significant forces in his way . Burgoyne did gain control of Freeman 's Farm , but it came at the cost of significant casualties . Skirmishing continued in the days following the battle , while Burgoyne waited in the hope that reinforcements would arrive from New York City . Patriot militia forces continued to arrive , meanwhile , swelling the size of the American army . Disputes within the American camp led Gates to strip Arnold of his command . </P> <P> British General Sir Henry Clinton moved up from New York City and attempted to divert American attention by capturing two forts in the Hudson River highlands on October 6 , but his efforts were too late to help Burgoyne . Burgoyne attacked Bemis Heights again on October 7 after it became apparent that he would not receive relieving aid in time . This battle culminated in heavy fighting marked by Arnold 's spirited rallying of the American troops . Burgoyne 's forces were thrown back to the positions that they held before the September 19 battle , and the Americans captured a portion of the entrenched British defenses . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 British situation </Li> <Li> 1.2 American situation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 First Saratoga : Battle of Freeman 's Farm ( September 19 ) <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Prelude </Li> <Li> 2.2 Battle </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Interlude </Li> <Li> 4 Second Saratoga : Battle of Bemis Heights ( October 7 ) <Ul> <Li> 4.1 British foray </Li> <Li> 4.2 American attack </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Surrender </Li> <Li> 6 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 6.1 French aid </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Legacy </Li> <Li> 8 References in Popular Culture </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background </H2> Main article : Saratoga campaign <P> The American Revolutionary War was approaching the two - year point , and the British changed their plans . They decided to split the Thirteen Colonies and isolate New England from what they believed to be the more Loyalist middle and southern colonies . The British command devised a plan to divide the colonies with a three - way pincer movement in 1777 . The western pincer under the command of Barry St. Leger was to progress from Ontario through western New York , following the Mohawk River , and the southern pincer was to progress up the Hudson River valley from New York City . The northern pincer was to proceed southward from Montreal , and the three forces were to meet in the vicinity of Albany , New York , severing New England from the other colonies . </P> <H3> British situation </H3> General John Burgoyne was referred to by some as `` Gentleman Johnny '' for his manners ( portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds , c. 1760 ) <P> British General John Burgoyne moved south from the province of Quebec in June 1777 to gain control of the upper Hudson River valley . His campaign had become bogged down in difficulties following a victory at Fort Ticonderoga . Elements of the army had reached the upper Hudson as early as the end of July , but logistical and supply difficulties delayed the main army at Fort Edward . One attempt to alleviate these difficulties failed when nearly 1,000 men were killed or captured at the August 16 Battle of Bennington . Furthermore , news reached Burgoyne on August 28 that St. Leger 's expedition down the Mohawk River valley had turned back after the failed Siege of Fort Stanwix . </P> <P> General William Howe had taken his army from New York City by sea on a campaign to capture Philadelphia instead of moving north to meet Burgoyne . Most of Burgoyne 's Indian support had fled following the loss at Bennington , and his situation was becoming difficult . He needed to reach defensible winter quarters , requiring either retreat back to Ticonderoga or advance to Albany , and he decided to advance . He then deliberately cut communications to the north so that he would not need to maintain a chain of heavily fortified outposts between his position and Ticonderoga , and he decided to cross the Hudson River while he was in a relatively strong position . He ordered Baron Riedesel , who commanded the rear of the army , to abandon outposts from Skenesboro south , and then had the army cross the Hudson just north of Saratoga between September 13 and 15 . </P> <H3> American situation </H3> General Horatio Gates , portrait by Gilbert Stuart <P> The Continental Army had been in a slow retreat since Burgoyne 's capture of Ticonderoga early in July , under the command of Major General Philip Schuyler , and was encamped south of Stillwater , New York . On August 19 , Major General Horatio Gates assumed command from Schuyler , whose political fortunes had fallen over the loss of Ticonderoga and the ensuing retreat . Gates and Schuyler were from very different backgrounds and did not get along with each other ; they had previously argued over command issues in the army 's Northern Department . The army was growing in size because of increased militia turnout following calls by state governors , the success at Bennington , and widespread outrage over the slaying of Jane McCrea , the fiancée of a Loyalist in Burgoyne 's army by Indians under Burgoyne 's command . </P> <P> General George Washington 's strategic decisions also improved the situation for Gates ' army . Washington was most concerned about the movements of General Howe . He was aware that Burgoyne was also moving , and he took some risks in July . He sent aid north in the form of Major General Benedict Arnold , his most aggressive field commander , and Major General Benjamin Lincoln , a Massachusetts man noted for his influence with the New England militia . He ordered 750 men from Israel Putnam 's forces defending the New York highlands to join Gates ' army in August , before he was certain that Howe had indeed sailed south . He also sent some of the best forces from his own army : Colonel Daniel Morgan and the newly formed Provisional Rifle Corps , which comprised about 500 specially selected riflemen from Pennsylvania , Maryland , and Virginia , chosen for their sharpshooting ability . This unit came to be known as Morgan 's Riflemen . </P> Map showing the movements of the opposing armies in the Saratoga campaign , and plan of the Battles of Saratoga ( inset ) <P> On September 7 , Gates ordered his army to march north . A site was selected for its defensive potential that was known as Bemis Heights , just north of Stillwater and about 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of Saratoga ; the army spent about a week constructing defensive works designed by Polish engineer Tadeusz Kościuszko . The heights had a clear view of the area and commanded the only road to Albany , where it passed through a defile between the heights and

The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was won by

Who won the battle of saratoga in 1777?

124876126940994626

List of Lilo & Stitch : the series episodes - wikipedia <H1> List of Lilo & Stitch : the series episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The following is a list of Lilo & Stitch : The Series episodes . </P> <P> Note that Stitch , Experiment 626 , appears in every episode , so he is not included in the `` Experiments Mentioned '' list . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Pilot film </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Season 1 ( 2003 -- 04 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 2 ( 2004 -- 06 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Television finale film </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> <Th> Network </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Pilot </Td> <Td colspan="2"> August 26 , 2003 ( 2003 - 08 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> Direct - to - video </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 39 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 20 , 2003 ( 2003 - 09 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> February 28 , 2004 ( 2004 - 02 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> Disney Channel ABC Kids </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 26 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> November 5 , 2004 ( 2004 - 11 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> July 29 , 2006 ( 2006 - 07 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Finale </Td> <Td colspan="2"> June 23 , 2006 ( 2006 - 06 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> Disney Channel </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Pilot film ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Direct - to - video release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stitch ! The Movie </Td> <Td> Tony Craig and Bobs Gannaway </Td> <Td> Bobs Gannaway and Jess Winfield </Td> <Td> August 26 , 2003 ( 2003 - 08 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The story is an introduction to Dr. Jumba Jookiba 's remaining 625 experiments , which he created with the financing of Dr. Jacques von Hämsterviel . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2003 -- 04 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Richter '' </Td> <Td> Victor A. Cook </Td> <Td> Thomas D. Hart </Td> <Td> September 20 , 2003 ( 2003 - 09 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> An earthquake rocks the island , prompting Pleakley to study earthquake safety . When it is discovered that the earthquakes were caused by an experiment , Lilo and Stitch must travel underground to catch it before it cracks the Earth in half ( and before Gantu catches it ) . </P> Experiments mentioned : Richter ( 513 ) and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Phantasmo '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Henry Gilroy </Td> <Td> September 27 , 2003 ( 2003 - 09 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Stitch wins an oyster containing a hidden experiment pod at a restaurant crane game . When the pod gets wet , however , the ghostly experiment possesses Scrump the doll and causes all sorts of mischief . When Stitch is blamed , he must prove himself innocent by catching the experiment in the act . </P> Experiment mentioned : Phantasmo ( 375 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Clip '' </Td> <Td> Victor Cook </Td> <Td> Kevin D. Campbell </Td> <Td> October 4 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> After causing chaos at a beauty salon , Lilo and Stitch meet the hair - eating experiment that made Jumba nearly bald . However , when they try to use it to get revenge on Mertle for her cruel words , the hairball gets lose and threatens to eat up all the hair on the island . Meanwhile , Jumba regrows an afro and Gantu gets stuck dancing at a luau . In the end , Clip becomes good and is repurposed to give people the perfect haircut . When Jumba gets his hair cut , he is given back his normal three hairs and realizes that 's how he likes it . </P> Experiment mentioned : Clip ( 177 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mr. Stenchy '' </Td> <Td> Victor A. Cook </Td> <Td> Madellaine Paxson </Td> <Td> October 11 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 107 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Lilo rescues an irresistibly cute experiment . Jumba warns that the new experiment will release a terrible odor soon . However , Lilo is invited to Mertle 's FHGH ( Future Hawaiian Girls of Hawaii ) tea party if she brings the adorable experiment . Stitch is jealous of the attention received by the new experiment and allows Gantu to capture him . Gantu then develops an affection for the cute experiment , making 625 jealous . Lilo and Stitch rescue Mr. Stenchy as he begins to release the odor . Jumba puts Mr. Stenchy on a rocket and sends him to Pleakley 's home planet where the odor is considered appealing . </P> Experiments mentioned : Mr. Stenchy ( 254 ) and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Holio '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Jim Peronto </Td> <Td> October 12 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Mertle receives a charm bracelet for her birthday , but one of the charms is actually an experiment pod . Lilo and Stitch must try to retrieve it before she gets it wet , or else the universe will be sucked into a black hole . Meanwhile , Nani must prepare for a company inspection . </P> Experiments mentioned : Holio ( 606 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Spooky '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Madellaine Paxson </Td> <Td> October 12 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Halloween episode . Experiment 300 is discovered , which can morph into a person 's worst fear . It is revealed that Mertle and her friends ' worst fear is seeing Lilo without her head , and Lilo has fears of clowns and an abandoned house . Stitch 's worst fear is water , and Nani 's worst fear is hearing Cobra Bubbles say that he has to take away Lilo . Jumba 's worst fear is his ex-wife . Pleakley 's worst fear is his mother . </P> Experiment mentioned : Spooky ( 300 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Cannonball '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Kevin D. Campbell </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 104 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> A tsunami - creating experiment appears with the threat of endangering the entire world if it reaches the ocean . Lilo and Stitch must use the newly designed X-Buggy to capture it before Gantu does . Meanwhile , Lilo 's hula halau participates in a sand - sculpting contest . </P> Experiments mentioned : Cannonball ( 520 ) and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Yapper '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Catherine Lieuwen </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 108 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Mertle gets a pet dog , names her `` Gigi '' and enters her in a dog show in Honolulu , and Lilo enters Stitch in the same dog show in hopes of beating Mertle and winning her friendship . Meanwhile , Jumba and Pleakley go sightseeing around the city and run into Gantu . </P> Experiments mentioned : Gigi ( 007 ) and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Yin - Yang '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Henry Gilroy </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 105 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Two experiments activate at the same time while Lilo and Stitch are arguing . Lilo and Stitch insist that they each can catch an experiment without the other . Meanwhile , Jumba and Pleakley make a bet to see which one will capture an experiment first , and Gantu forces 625 to help him catch them both . The race is on because Jumba theorizes that the world will be doomed if the two elementally opposing experiments touch each other , they will destroy Earth . Eventually , Lilo and Stitch team up together again and help each other capture the experiments each was after using the `` tools '' given to them by Jumba and Pleakley . Lilo repurposes the experiments to create a new island . </P> Experiments mentioned : Yin ( 501 ) , Yang ( 502 ) , and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Kixx '' </Td> <Td> Victor A. Cook </Td> <Td> Catherine Lieuwen </Td> <Td> October 20 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> 103 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> An experiment causes trouble by bullying people around the island , and a chemical reaction from a bad snack combination results in Stitch losing his ability to fight . Lilo must retrain him so that he can defeat Kixx before Gantu does . </P> Experiments mentioned : Kixx ( 601 ) and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Splodyhead '' </Td> <Td> Victor Cook </Td> <Td> Henry Gilroy </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> In order to catch an experiment , Lilo , Stitch , Jumba , Pleakley , Gantu , and Reuben travel to the island of Ni ʻihau . After becoming stranded on the beach under the threat of being blasted by Splodyhead , the two opposing teams become one `` tribe '' and are forced to work together to survive . This initially does n't go well as Gantu and Stitch both want to be the leader until 625 nominates Lilo . Under Lilo 's leadership , the group manages to disable Splodyhead 's powers , causing him to flee , but he 's captured when Gantu and Stitch team up together against him . Gantu gets the experiment , but when David and Nani show up to rescue Lilo , Stitch , Jumba and Pleakley , they only agree to help him and 625 back to shore if he gives them the experiment , which he reluctantly does . </P> Experiments mentioned : Splodyhead ( 619 ) and Reuben ( 625 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Amnesio '' </Td> <Td> Don MacKinnon </Td> <Td> Catherine Lieuwen </Td> <Td> October 27 , 2003 ( 2003 - 10 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> It is Lilo 's

The director of Lilo and Stitch the Series Season 1 Episode 1 is

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