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The benefits of slow reading for children
In this pandemic year, parents have been watching — often anxiously — their children's increasing reliance on screens for every aspect of their education. It can feel as if there's no turning back to the time when learning involved hitting the actual books.
Scrolling may work for social media, but experts say that for school assignments, kids learn better if they slow down their reading.
Naomi Baron, who is professor emerita at American University said, "there are two components, the physical medium and the mind-set we bring to reading on that medium — and everything else sort of follows from that."
Because we use screens for social purposes and for amusement, we all — adults and children — get used to absorbing online material, much of which was designed to be read quickly and casually, without much effort. And then we tend to use that same approach to on-screen reading with harder material that we need to learn from, to slow down with, to absorb more carefully. A result can be that we don't give that material the right kind of attention.
For early readers
With younger children, Professor Baron said, it makes sense to stick with print to the extent that it is possible.
Print makes it easier for parents and children to interact with language, questions and answers, what is called "dialogic reading."
Naomi Baron
Professor emerita /American University
Any time that parents are able to engage with family reading time is good, using whatever medium works best for them, said Dr. Tiffany Munzer, from Mott Children's Hospital. However, Dr. Munzer was the lead author on a 2019 study that found that parents and toddlers spoke less overall, and also spoke less about the story when they were looking at electronic books compared with print books, and another study that showed less social back-and-forth — the toddlers were more likely to be using the screens by themselves.
Dr. Radesky, who was involved in the research projects with Dr. Munzer, talked about the importance of helping children master reading that goes beyond specific remembered details — words or characters or events — so a child is "able to integrate knowledge gained from the story with life experience." And again, she said, that isn't what is stressed in digital design. "Stuff that makes you think, makes you slow down and process things deeply, doesn't sell, doesn't get the most clicks," she said.
For school-age kids
"When kids enter digital spaces, they have access to an infinite number of platforms and websites in addition to those e-books you're supposed to be reading," Dr. Radesky said. "We've all been on the ground helping our kids through remote learning and watching them not be able to resist opening up that tab that's less demanding."
Professor Baron said that in an ideal world, children would learn "how to read contiguous text for enjoyment, how to stop, how to reflect."
In elementary school, she said, there's an opportunity to start a conversation about the advantages of the different media: "It goes for print, goes for a digital screen, goes for audio, goes for video, they all have their uses — we need to make kids aware that not all media are best suited to all purposes." Children can experiment with reading digitally and in print, and can be encouraged to talk about what they perceived and what they enjoyed.
For older readers
Students who think they read better — or more efficiently — on the screen will still do better on the test if they have read the passage on the page. And college students who print out articles, she said, tend to have higher grades and better test scores. There is also research to suggest that
University students who used authentic books, magazines or newspapers to write an essay wrote more sophisticated essays than those just given printouts
Professor emerita / American University
With complex text in any format, slowing down helps. Professor Baron said that parents can model this at home, sitting and relaxing over a book, reading without rushing and perhaps generally de-emphasizing speed when it comes to learning. Teachers can be trained to help students develop "deep reading, mindful, focusing on the text," she said.
No one is going to take screens out of children's lives, or out of their learning. But the more we exploit the rich possibilities of digital reading, the more important it may be to encourage children to try out reading things in different ways, and to discuss what it feels like, and perhaps to have adults reflect on their own reading habits. Reading on digital devices can motivate recalcitrant readers, Professor Baron said, and there are many good reasons to do some of your reading on a screen.
But, of course, it's a different experience.
"There's a physicality," Professor Baron said. "So many young people talk about the smell of books, talk about reading print as being 'real' reading."
Summary of article "How Children Read Differently From Books vs. Screens", published in The New York Times, March 16, 2021, written by Perri Klass