Journal of Applied Mechanics | Volume 86 | Issue 10 | research-article
Belt-Drive Mechanics: Friction in the Absence of Sliding
Yingdan Wu, Michael J. Leamy and Michael Varenberg
[+-] Author and Article Information
Yingdan Wu
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering,
Georgia Institute of Technology,
e-mail: yingdanwu@gatech.edu
Michael J. Leamy
e-mail: michael.leamy@me.gatech.edu
Michael Varenberg
e-mail: varenberg@gatech.edu
Contributed by the Applied Mechanics Division of ASME for publication in the Journal of Applied Mechanics. Manuscript received April 26, 2019; final manuscript received May 31, 2019; published online June 27, 2019. Assoc. Editor: Jizhou Song.
J. Appl. Mech 86(10), 101001 (Jun 27, 2019) (9 pages) Paper No: JAM-19-1209; doi: 10.1115/1.4044019 History: Received April 26, 2019; Accepted May 31, 2019
Abstract | Introduction | Experimental Details | Characterization of Belt Drive Mechanics | Modeling of Mechanical Losses | Comparison of Model and Experimental Results | Conclusions | Funding Data | References
Recent studies have shown that steady and unsteady operation of a belt drive may exhibit regimes absent of sliding at the belt–pulley interface, where instead detachment waves serve to relax stress in the so-called "slip" arc. To explore this finding further, herein we present an experimental and theoretical investigation into frictional mechanics in a simple belt drive system. To estimate friction experimentally, we perform a stress analysis based on spatio-temporal measurements of the belt tension, traction, and contact area evolution. Subsequently, we develop a model taking into account both bulk and surface hysteretic losses to explain the experimental observations. Our results show that the shear strain at the belt–pulley interface differs significantly between the driver and the driven pulleys, resulting in much larger mechanical losses in the driver case. The shear strain drops at the transition from the adhesion to the slip arc, and, in contrast to accepted theories, the slip arc contributes little to nothing to the power transmission. Our model reveals that the contact area evolution correlates to the shear traction changes and that viscoelastic shear and stretching dominate in the belt rolling friction. A significant contribution of detachment waves to the energy dissipation explains the higher mechanical losses observed in the driver case.
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Copyright © 2019 by ASME
Topics: Shear (Mechanics) , Pulleys , Belts , Tension , Adhesion
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Grahic Jump Location
The experimental apparatus: (a) schematic and (b) system as built
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(a) Deformed and (b) undeformed tick marks created on the belt sidewalls for shear strain measurements
Young's modulus of PDMS measured as a function of strain rate at room temperature
Instantaneous shear strain (solid line), stretching strain (dashed line), and the contact status (black area denotes contact) at the belt–pulley interface for (a) the driver and (b) the driven cases
The visualization (a) and the distribution (b) of the negative shear strain at the middle layer of the belt at the entry zone
Comparison between the measurement of the shear strain at belt–pulley interface and the prediction by Firbank model for both the (a) driver and (b) driven pulleys. The borders between the adhesion and slip arcs are represented by the change from a shaded to a nonshaded region for the belt shear theory and by the maxima in the shear distribution curves for the experimental data.
Free body diagrams of the belt segment in contact with (a) the driver and (b) the driven pulleys. FTT and FTS represent tension (normal) forces, FST and FSS represent shear forces, and MT and MS represent moments at the tight and slack spans of the belt, and tn and tt represent normal and tangential (shear) traction at the belt/pulley interface.
Plots of shear strain, stretching strain, and contact area at the belt interface at several time frames as well as the correlation of corresponding tension difference, shear traction, and contact ratio for both the (a) driver and (b) driven pulleys
Energy dissipated by a viscoelastic material under cyclic loading
Fig. 10
Schematic of the bending strain of a certain segment of the belt in contact with the pulley
Storage modulus E′ and loss modulus E″ of PDMS obtained as a function of frequency at room temperature (redrawn from Ref. [30])
Moments applied to the belt wrapped over (a) the driver and (b) the driven pulleys
Comparison between the experimental and computational results for the evolution of the moments acting on the belt in the driver and driven cases. Solid squares for both pulleys denote the specific frames extracted for the detailed plots shown in Fig. 12.
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Wu Y, Leamy MJ, Varenberg M. Belt-Drive Mechanics: Friction in the Absence of Sliding. ASME. J. Appl. Mech. 2019;86(10):101001-101001-9. doi:10.1115/1.4044019.
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