Ocular manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Virginia Miraldi Utz1,
Johnny Tang1,2
1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
2Research Service and Retina Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Correspondence to Dr Johnny Tang, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; johnny.tang{at}uhhospitals.org
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by a heterogenous group of antibodies directed against negatively charged phospholipids including antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and β-2 glycoprotein I (aβ-2-GP1). The major features of this disorder include arterial and venous thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss. The vasculature of the eye is frequently involved and may be the presenting manifestation. A diagnosis of APS should be considered in a young patients without traditional thromboembolic risk factors presenting with ocular vaso-occlusive disease. Management of these patients involves a team-approach with a haematologist/oncologist or rheumatologist to manage the coagulation status of these patients to prevent further systemic vascular occlusions.
Antiphospholipid syndrome
vaso-occlusive retinopathy
anti-cardiolipin antibodies
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2010.182857
Funding This work was supported in part from funding from the Veterans Affairs Career Development (CDA2) Award.