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Rev. Mex. Biodiv. vol.77 no.2 México dic. 2006
Noteworthy records of two species of mammals in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico
Registros notables de dos especies de mamíferos de la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, México
Miguel Briones–Salas1*, María D. Luna–Krauletz1, Ariadna Marín–Sánchez1,2 and Jorge Servín3
1 Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR–OAX), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Hornos 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, 71230 Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
2 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340, México, D. F., Mexico.
3 Universidad Juárez del estado de Durango, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales, Constitución 404, 34000, Durango, Durango, Mexico.
*Correspondent:
mbriones@ipn.mx
Recibido: 06 septiembre 2005
Aceptado: 06 septiembre 2006
We conducted mammal surveys in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (Sierra Norte) in Oaxaca, Mexico, and recorded the occurrence of two conspicuous mammal species: the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus) and the coyote (Canis latrans cagottis). Spider monkeys has not been previously recorded in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, and coyotes have not been previously observed in Mexico at elevations as high as the present one (3 200 mas1) in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca.
Key words: Oaxaca, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Ateles geoffroyi, Canis latrans, distribution.
Se efectuaron colectas de mamíferos en la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (Sierra Norte) en Oaxaca, México, y se registró la notoria presencia de dos mamíferos: el mono araña (Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus) y el coyote (Canis latrans cagottis). El mono araña no se había registrado previamente en la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, en tanto que el coyote, no había sido registrado en México a tan gran altitud (3 200 m) como la de la localidad de captura.
Palabras clave: Oaxaca, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Ateles geoffroyi, Canis latrans, distribución.
The spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) ranges from southern Tamaulipas in Mexico to Panama in Central America (Hall, 1981). It is considered by the Mexican legislation as endangered species (SEMARNAT, 2002). It has been recorded twice previously in Oaxaca, first in the west of Tuxtepec region (Hall y Kelson, 1959), and at second in the Istmo de Tehuantepec and the Sierra Atravesada (Chimalapa mountains; Briones–Salas y Sánchez–Cordero, 2004; Goodwin, 1969; Hall, 1981). During a survey of mammals in the municipality of Comaltepec, on the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca region (known locally as the Sierra Norte) Oaxaca, we sighted an adult male spider monkey on 25 July 2004. This male was resting, feeding, and later moving through majahua (Heliocarpus sp., Family Tiliaceae), guarumbo (Cecropia sp., Family Cecropiaceae) and capirote o tunchin (Miconia sp., Family Melastomataceae) trees, in the cloud forest edge and evergreen tropical rainforest at Vista Hermosa, 1 km NE of La Esperanza (17°3'53"N, 96°20'22"W, elevation 1,398 mas1). We observed this same individual in August, September, and November of 2004.
This sighting represents the most recent record of A. geoffroyi in Oaxaca. The site is 64 km southwest of the nearest previously known locality at San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec municipality (18°05'10"N, 96°07'26"W, elevation 20 mas1) (Hall and Kelson, 1959). Considering the wide range of distribution of the subspecies A. g. vellerosus (Hall, 1981), the observed animal probably belongs to this subspecies. People living in the area told us through interviews that there are groups of this species in nearby localities of difficult access (Laa–du, Ixtlan). It could be that this individual was displaced from a spider monkey troop, or that was migrating to another region.
On the other hand, the coyote (Canis latrans cagottis) is one of the largest and most common carnivores in Oaxaca, inhabiting the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (Cerro San Felipe, coniferous forest, 2,500 mas1); Valles Centrales (Etla, coniferous forest, 2250 mas1), Sierra Madre del Sur (Yautepec, tropical deciduous forest, 650 mas1) and Istmo de Tehuantepec (Tequisistlan, coniferous forest, 1,150 mas1)(Goodwin, 1969; Hall, 1981; Briones–Salas y Sánchez–Cordero, 2004). The elevational range in which this species has been recorded in Mexico is from sea level to 1,700 mas1 (Baker and Greer 1962, Goodwin 1969).
On 11 January 2001, we trapped an adult male coyote, (weight: 12.0 kg; total length: 1,164 mm) in the Santa Catarina Ixtepeji region, Santa Catarina Ixtepeji Municipality, Ixtlan district(17°10'15"N; 96°39'16.5"W). The elevation of the capture site was 3,239 mas1; the vegetation is coniferous forest, with Pinus oaxacana, Pinus teocote, Pinus ayacahuite, Quercus acutifolia, Quercus rugosa, Abies guatemalensis and Abies oaxacana as dominant species. The nearest locality where this species was previously recorded is 11 km to the south in San Felipe del Agua (Cerro San Felipe), 6 km N of Oaxaca city, Oaxaca de Juarez Municipality (17°06' N; 96° 43'W; 1,585 mas1) (Hall and Kelson 1959). We captured three additional coyotes at the same locality in September 2001 (subadult male, weight: 10.8 kg; total length: 1,163 mm), March 2002 (subadult female, weight: 7.0 kg; total length: 1,014 mm) and September 2002 (young male, weight: 7.5 kg; total length: 1,000 mm). All individuals were captured by soft leg–hold traps, immobilized by chemical techniques, and attached with a radio–collar in order to infer the home range size and other basic biological data for this region of Oaxaca (Marín, 2004).
The elevation of the locality is the highest (3239 mas1) ever recorded for coyotes in Mexico (Baker and Greer 1962, Goodwin 1969, Hall 1981).
World Wildlife Fund (WWF, Project S–055), the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, Project B A–009), Coordinación General de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación (CGEPI, Project 970549), and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (EDI and COFAA) provided financial support for the field survey. C. Yescas and A. Méndez, assisted with field work. Gulmaro, Roman and Salvador Antonio Hernández Pérez, Communal authority of Ixtepeji and Comaltepec, respectively, authorized the access to their private and communal lands. G. González, G. Monroy and G. Ramos–Fernández made suggestions to improve the manuscript.
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Marín, A.I. 2004. Ambito hogareño del coyote (Canis latrans) en Ixtepeji, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca. Tesis, Maestría en Ciencias Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México, D.F. 84 p. [ Links ]
SEMARNAT (Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales). 2002. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM–059–ECOL–2001. Protección ambiental–Especies nativas de México de flora y fauna silvestres–Categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio–Lista de especies en riesgo. Diario Oficial de la Federación, Segunda sección, marzo 2002.
Circuito exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, México, Distrito Federal, MX, 04510, (52-55)5622-9167
falvarez@ibiologia.unam.mx