タグ「exposure doses」
Distribution of individual and collective exposure doses for the population of Belorus in the first year after the Chernobyl accident
ecology・environment , society, psychology, philosophy
Title: Distribution of individual and collective exposure doses for the population of Belorus in the first year after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Savkin M.N., Titov A.V., Lebedev A.N.
Reference: Journal: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry), Year: 1996 Release Number: 7
Keywords: individual doses, collective dose, Belarus
Abstract: The paper presents results of reconstruction of absorbed internal and external exposure doses for the population on the contaminated areas of Belorus in 1986 on the basis of statistical analysis of the database on radiation monitoring of environmental media, foodstuffs and individual exposure. Consideration is given to the areas with 137Cs soil contamination density of above 0.185 MBq/m2 (5 Ci/km2). A model of basic distributions is proposed which can be used to estimate distribution of absorbed doses for evacuated population and those living permanently on these areas during 1986 with allowance for taken protection measures. The obtained results are compared to the prompt assessments made earlier which were used for decision making and with the features of formation of the radiation situation of the territories adjacent to Russia.
URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/raspredelenie-individualnyh-i-kollektivnyh-doz-oblucheniya-naseleniya-belorussii-v-pervyy-god-posle-chernobylskoy-avarii
Doses and risks from the water use received by the population of southwest areas of Bryansk region
ecology・environment
Title: Doses and risks from the water use received by the population of southwest areas of Bryansk region
Author: Katkova M.N.
Reference: Journal: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry), Year: 2008, Volume: 17, Issue: 1
Keywords: exposure dose, water use, risk, radionuclides of 90 Sr and 137Cs, Chernobyl accident
Abstract: In the present work the estimation of risk for the population of southwest areas of Bryansk region exposed to radiation fallout after Chernobyl accident is carried out. The life risk of disease for the population of the specified areas is estimated by a cancer through a dose received from water use. The basic ways of radionuclide receipt in an organism of inhabitants of southwest areas of Bryansk region on a water chain are: an external exposure from polluted flood-land of water body, consumption of water from the sources of the drinking water supply located in the polluted zone, and consumption of fish caught from a local water body. As object of research the population living in area of Lake Kozhanovskoe is accepted. The contribution of radionuclides o f9 Sr and 137Cs in a total dose from water use is estimated. Priority sources of risk for the population from water use to which it is necessary to pay special attention at carrying out of protective actions in the specified territories are revealed.
URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dozy-i-riski-ot-vodopolzovaniya-poluchaemye-naseleniem-yugo-zapadnyh-rayonov-bryanskoy-oblasti
Hematologic and cytogenetic effects of the Chernobyl disaster for three types of mouse-like rodents that live in the exclusion zone
Title: Hematologic and cytogenetic effects of the Chernobyl disaster for three types of mouse-like rodents that live in the exclusion zone
Author: Kulygina, Olga Ivanovna
Reference: Moscow, 2001
Keywords: hematologic effects, cytogenetic effects, mouse-like rodents, exclusion zone, EDR (exposure dose rate) gamma – radiation
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the hematological and cytogenetic effects of the Chernobyl disaster for three types of rodents that live in the exclusion zone on the radioactive trace of the accidental release from the Chernobyl disaster with various exposure dose rate of gamma – radiation.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/gematologicheskie-i-tsitogeneticheskie-posledstviya-avarii-na-chaes-dlya-trekh-vidov-myshevi
Neurobehavioral and cognitive performances of children exposed to low-dose radiation in the Chernobyl accident: The Israeli Chernobyl Health Effects Study
Title: Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Performances of Children Exposed to Low-Dose Radiation in the Chernobyl Accident -The Israeli Chernobyl Health Effects Study
Author: N. Bar Joseph, D. Reisfeld, E. Tirosh, Z. Silman and G. Rennert
Reference: Am. J. Epidemiol. (2004) 160 (5): 453-459
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh231
Keywords: accidents, radiation; child; cognition; health; neurobehavioral manifestations; radiation
Abstract: Exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident in the Ukraine could potentially have influenced the neurobehavioral and cognitive performances of exposed children. A cohort study of adolescents who were children at the time of the accident and who subsequently emigrated to Israel was conducted in 1998–2001. A total of 1,629 children (59% of all 2,769 invited) were included in the study (41% from higher contamination areas, 25% from lower contamination areas, 34% from noncontaminated areas). Mean scores of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test were highest in children in all exposure groups whose parents had a high level of education. No overall relation was found between the cognitive function scores of the child and his/her putative radiation exposure level. Conners' test T scores did not differ significantly by level of exposure. Mothers of all exposure groups who were pregnant at the time of the accident gave their children significantly higher Conners' test scores than did those who were not pregnant. Scores for hyperactivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were significantly higher among those who were in utero at the time of the accident. These results do not show differences of neurobehavioral or cognitive performance in exposed versus nonexposed children. There is a possible behavioral effect among offspring of pregnant mothers or mothers of very young children in all exposure levels.
URL: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/160/5/453.long
Suicides and exposure to low doses of ionising radiation
Author: Loganovsky K.
Reference: Int. J. Low Radiation. — 2007. — Vol. 4, № 3. — P. 176-183.
Keywords: suicide
Abstract: The suicide rates in southern India are very high (Joseph et al., 2003; Aaron et al., 2004), where there are areas of high natural radiation background (UNSCEAR, 2000). It was a stable tendency towards excess of suicides among the atomic bomb survivors exposed to low doses (0 90 mGy) (Kusumi et al., 1993). It was informed about the direct dependence between the suicide rate and the residency distance from the Atomic Test Site (Alimkhanov, 1995). Suicides are the leading cause of death among Estonian clean-up workers (Rahu et al., 1997; 2006). The workers conducting transformation of the destroyed 4th Unit of the Chernobyl NPP ('Shelter Object') to the ecologically safe system may be also under increased suicide risk. Whether exposure to low doses of ionising radiation is a risk factor for suicides should be elucidated by the epidemiological studies.
URL:http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/inderscience-publishers/suicides-and-exposure-to-low-doses-of-ionising-radiation-UlYVH8hML8
Intelligence and brain damage in children acutely irradiated in utero as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Author: A.I. Nyagu, K.N. Loganovsky, T.K. Loganovskaja et al.
Reference: KURRI-KR-79. — Recent Research Activities about the Chernobyl NPP Accident in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia / T. Imanaka (Ed.). — Kyoto: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2002. — P. 202–230
Keywords: neurophysiology, neuropsychiatry, prenatal exposure, behavioral and emotional disorders
Abstract: The objective of the study was psychometric, neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric characterisation of acutely prenatally irradiated children. 100 randomly selected children who were in utero (born between April 26th, 1986 and February 26th, 1987) at the time of the Chernobyl accident and their mothers evacuated to Kiev as well as 100 classmates of the children were examined by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), electroencephalography (EEG) and clinical methods at the age of 10–12 years old. Foetal doses in the acutely exposed group were 11–92 mSv, in the comparison group — 0–3 mSv; foetal thyroid doses — 0.2–2 Gy and 0–0.04 Gy, respectively. The acutely exposed group showed a lower mean verbal IQ than in the comparison group (105.3±13.1 vs.118.1±13; p < .001) and a lower mean full scale IQ (112.1±15.4 vs. 120.9±11.5; p < .001). In addition the followings were observed in the acutely exposed group; WISC performance/verbal discrepancies with verbal decrements; a higher frequency of low-voltage and epileptiformal EEG-patterns and left hemisphere lateralised dysfunction; an increase (p < .001) of δ- and β-power and a decrease (p < .001) of θ- and α-power; an increased frequency of paroxysmal and organic mental disorders, somatoform autonomic dysfunction, disorders of psychological development, and behavioural and emotional disorders. Cerebral dysfunction was etiologically heterogeneous. This study suggests that prenatal irradiation at a thyroid foetal dose range of 0.2–2 Gy and a foetal dose of 11–92 mSv can result in detectable brain damage.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm
The intellectual development, mental and behavioural disorders in children from Belarus exposed in utero following the Chernobyl accident
neurology , society, psychology, philosophy
Author: Igumnov S., Drozdovitch V.
Reference: Eur. Psychiatry. — 2000. — Vol. 15. № 4. — P. 244–253.
Keywords: thyroid dose, IQ, mental and behavioural disorders
Abstract: The study examined psychological development in 250 children at the age of 6-7 and 10-12 years who had been exposed in the prenatal period at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. These children were compared to a control group of 250 children of the same age from non- and slightly contaminated areas of Belarus. The examination included psychiatric examination and intellectual assessment as well as the estimation of thyroid exposure in utero. The mean value of thyroid doses from (131)I 0.39 Gy was estimated for the prenatal exposed children. The children of the exposed group had a lower mean full-scale IQ compared to the control group (89.6 +/- 10.2 vs 92.1 +/- 10.5 at the age of 6-7 years, P = 0.007; and 94. 3 +/- 10.4 vs 95.8 +/- 10.9 at the age of 10-12 years, P = 0.117). Average IQ for the subgroup of highly exposed children (thyroid doses more than 1 Gy) was lower in comparison with average IQ for the whole exposed group (85.7 +/- 6.4 vs 89.6 +/- 10.2 at the age of 6-7 years, P = 0.014; 89.1 +/- 7.1 vs 94.3 +/- 10.4 at age 10-12 years, P = 0.003). No statistically significant distinctions in average IQ were found between the different subgroups of children in relation to the gestational age at the time of the Chernobyl accident. We notice a positive moderate correlation between IQ of children and the educational level of their parents (in exposed group – mothers: r = 0.50, P < 0.01 and fathers: r = 0.52, P < 0.01; in control group – mothers: r = 0.41, P < 0.05 and fathers: r = 0.42, P < 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between high personal anxiety in parents and emotional disorders in children (for mothers r = 0.38, P < 0.05; for fathers r = 0.43, P < 0.01). The relative risk of mental and behavioural disorders has been estimated for emotional disorders OR = 2.67, P < 0.001. The frequency of the formation of mental retardation, hyperkinetic disorders and other mental and behavioural disorders in children from both groups was approximately the same. We conclude that in the genesis of borderline intellectual functioning and emotional disorders in the exposed group of children a significant role was probably played by unfavourable social-psychological and sociocultural factors such as a low educational level of the parents, the break of microsocial contacts and difficulties adapting, which appeared following the evacuation and relocation from the contaminated areas.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10951608
Radiation-hygienic value of sources and population exposure doses of the 30-km zone, after the Chernobyl accident
Author: V.S. Repin
Reference: Abstract, Kiev, 1995 HAC Russia 14.01.02
Keywords: evacuees, exposure analyses, doses
Abstract: Retrospective evaluation of individual and collective doses, as well as analyses of radiation-hygienic value of the factors of external and internal exposures on the evacuees from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP.
URL: http://medical-diss.com/medicina/radiatsionno-gigienicheskoe-znachenie-istochnikov-i-doz-oblucheniya-naseleniya-30-km-zony-posle-avarii-na-chaes
Peculiarities of radioactive contamination of the forest ecosystem after the Chernobyl Accident
contamination and decontamination , ecology・environment
Author: Varfolomeeva K.V.
Reference: Gazette " РАДИАЦИОННАЯ ГИГИЕНА" (Radiation Hygiene), 2008
Keywords: FOREST ECOSYSTEM, TROPHIC CHAINS, SOIL AND CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS, TRANSFER FACTOR, RADIONUCLIDES MIGRATION, EXPOSURE DOSES
Abstract: Chernobyl accident has influenced greatly all spheres of life of the affected territories, changing the life-style of the local population. [1, 2]. Investigation of the radionuclides behavior in natural conditions becomes more and more important which is connected with the fact that radionuclides are drawn into substances rotation and are actively accumulated by the plants and animals, that means that they become integral link of the food chains and are of a great importance in the functioning of the ecosystems. Deposition of radionuclides in the forest system is often higher than in agricultural arrears. Specific ecological features of the forests often lead to the high degree of accumulation of contaminating radionuclides. Organic matter high content in the forest soil and its stability increase the transfer of radionuclides from soil into plans which lead to high content of radionuclides in lichens, mosses, mushrooms and berries. Radionuclides transfer to game in such conditions could bring to the situation when some people actively consuming game meet will be highly exposured
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11992069
Summary of the 15-year observation of thyroid cancer among Ukrainian children after the Chernobyl accident
Title: Summary of the 15-year observation of thyroid cancer among Ukrainian children after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Tronko, Nikolay D / Bogdanova, Tatiana I / Likhtarev, Ilya A / Kairo, Irina A / Shpak, Viktor I
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.77-83, May 2002
Keywords: Thyroid cancer; Children; Register; Exposure doses; Pathology
Abstract: According to the data of the clinico-morphological register of the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Ukraine, for the post-Chernobyl period in Ukraine (1986–2000), 472 cases of thyroid cancer have been reported in children who have been operated at the age of up to 15 years, among which, 431 were born before the Chernobyl accident, 11 were "in utero" at the time of the accident, and 30 were born after the Chernobyl accident. The largest number of cases (57) has been reported in 1996, which made up 0.57 per 100 000 children aged 0–14, and exceeded by 11.4 times the average pre-Chernobyl incidence rate (0.05) in this age group. The highest incidence rate has been reported in six regions of Ukraine which have been the most contaminated by iodine radionuclides (Kiev, Chernigov, Zhitomir, Rovno, Cherkassy regions, and Kiev City). …
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101005970