Equitable Distribution: Oregon
Identifying Effective Teachers Policy
The state should publicly report districts' distribution of teacher talent among schools to identify inequities in schools serving disadvantaged children.
National Council on Teacher Quality. (2011). Equitable Distribution: Oregon results. State Teacher Policy Database. [Data set].
Retrieved from: https://www.nctq.org/yearbook/state/OR-Equitable-Distribution-8
Analysis of Oregon's policies
Providing comprehensive reporting may be the state's most important role for ensuring the equitable distribution of teachers among schools. Oregon reports little school-level data that can help support the equitable distribution of teacher talent.
Oregon does not collect or publicly report most of the data recommended by NCTQ. The state does not provide a school-level teacher quality index that demonstrates the academic backgrounds of a school's teachers and the ratio of new to veteran teachers. Oregon also does not report on teacher absenteeism or turnover rates.
Oregon does report on the percentage of teachers on emergency credentials, the average number of years of teacher experience, and the percentage of highly qualified teachers. Commendably, these data are reported for each school, rather than aggregated by district. Oregon is also commended for comparing the average percentage of highly qualified teachers in high- and low-poverty schools.
Oregon School Report Card 2009-2010 http://www.ode.state.or.us/data/reportcard/RCpdfs/11/11-ReportCard-915.pdf Oregon District Report Card 2009-2010 http://www.ode.state.or.us/data/reportcard/RCpdfs/11/11-ReportCard-2180.pdf Oregon Statewide Annual Report Card 2009-2010 http://www.ode.state.or.us/data/annreportcard/rptcard2010.pdf
Recommendations for Oregon
Use a teacher quality index to report publicly about each school.
A teacher quality index, such as the one developed by the Illinois Education Research Council, with data including teachers' average SAT or ACT scores, the percentage of teachers failing basic skills licensure tests at least once, the selectivity of teachers' undergraduate colleges and the percentage of new teachers, can shine a light on how equitably teachers are distributed both across and within districts. Oregon should ensure that individual school report cards include such data in a manner that translates these factors into something easily understood by the public, such as a color-coded matrix indicating a school's high or low score.
Publish other data that facilitate comparisons across schools.
Oregon should collect and report other school-level data that reflect the stability of a school's faculty, including the rates of teacher absenteeism and turnover.
Provide comparative data based on school demographics.
As Oregon does with highly qualified teachers, the state should provide comparative data for schools with similar poverty and minority populations. This would yield a more comprehensive picture of gaps in the equitable distribution of teachers.
Oregon recognized the factual accuracy of this analysis. Oregon agreed that teacher absenteeism and turnover are data that should be retrievable and would be a good metric to study longitudinally.
Delivering Well Prepared Teachers
Admission into Preparation Programs
Elementary Teacher Preparation in Reading Instruction
Elementary Teacher Preparation in Mathematics
Middle School Teacher Preparation
Secondary Teacher Preparation in Science
Secondary Teacher Preparation in Social Studies
Assessing Professional Knowledge
Teacher Preparation Program Accountability
Expanding the Pool of Teachers
Alternate Route Eligibility
Alternate Route Preparation
Alternate Route Usage and Providers
Part Time Teaching Licenses
Licensure Reciprocity
Identifying Effective Teachers
State Data Systems
Evaluation of Effectiveness
Frequency of Evaluations
Equitable Distribution
Pay Scales
Compensation for Prior Work Experience
Differential Pay
Performance Pay
Pension Flexibility
Pension Sustainability
Pension Neutrality
Exiting Ineffective Teachers
Licensure Loopholes
Unsatisfactory Evaluations
Dismissal for Poor Performance
For comprehensive review of the literature on teacher quality and distribution, see Jennifer Rice King, "The Impact of Teacher Experience: Examining the Evidence and Policy Implications" CALDER: Urban Institute (August 2010). For more about how poor and minority children do not get their fair share of high-quality teachers, read L. Feng and T. Sass, "Teacher Quality and Teacher Mobility." National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (2011); T. Sass et al, "Value Added of Teachers in High-Poverty Schools and Lower-Poverty Schools." CALDER Institute (2010); and Education Trust, Teaching Inequality: How Poor and Minority Children are Shortchanged on Teacher Quality (Washington, DC: Education Trust, 2006).
Education Trust also produced an analysis of the first set of state Equity Plans that pointed out the inadequacies of most states' data systems to produce reliable information about teacher qualifications and experience levels in schools disaggregated by poverty and racial composition of schools. Although almost all states were required to resubmit their plans and earned approval for them, many of the shortcomings of state data systems remained. For example, few states are equipped to identify by school, teachers' years of experience, meaning they cannot identify the ratio of new teachers to the full school staff. See Education Trust, Missing the Mark: An Education Trust Analysis of Teacher-Equity Plans (Washington, DC: Education Trust, 2006).
For an example of a teacher quality index, see White, Bradford R.; Presley, Jennifer and DeAngelis, Karen J. Leveling Up: Narrowing the Teacher Academic Capital Gap in Illinois. Illinois Education Research Council: IERC 2008-1 http://ierc.siue.edu/documents/IERC2008-1.pdf.
For more about teachers' effectiveness in the early years of teaching, see Identifying Effective Teachers Using Performance on the Job by Robert Gordon, Thomas J. Kane, and Douglas O. Staiger at: The Hamilton Project, http://www.brookings.edu/views/papers/200604hamilton_1.pdf (2009);
See also Jennifer Rice King, Teacher Quality: Understanding the Effectiveness of Teacher Attributes (Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 2003).