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USCIS Policy Manual Update
Our latest update to the USCIS Policy Manual defines "residence" as it relates to citizenship for children of certain U.S. government employees and members of the U.S. armed forces who are employed or stationed outside the United States, to conform with the definition of residence in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). This guidance rescinds previously established USCIS policy, which stated that certain children who were living outside the United States were considered "residing in" the United States.
As a result, it changes the process that parents of such children must follow to obtain a Certificate of Citizenship for their children. Under the previous policy, parents of those children could file either Form N-600, Application for Certificate of Citizenship, or Form N-600K, Application for Citizenship and Issuance of Certificate Under Section 322, on behalf of their children. As of Oct. 29, 2019, these parents must file Form N-600K to obtain U.S. citizenship for any child who did not acquire citizenship at birth or while residing in the United States. Therefore, we will apply current guidance to all applications filed before Oct. 29, 2019.
Policy Update at a Glance
The updates to the USCIS Policy Manual, Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, and Part H, Children of U.S. Citizens:
Clarify that temporary visits to the U.S. do not establish U.S. residence;
Explain the distinction between residence and physical presence in the United States; and
Explain that USCIS no longer considers children who are living abroad with a parent who is a U.S. government employee or U.S. service member as "residing in the United States" for purposes of acquiring citizenship under INA 320.
How Children Acquire Citizenship
U.S. laws allow children to acquire U.S. citizenship other than through birth in the United States. Children who were born outside of the United States to a U.S. citizen parent or parents may acquire U.S. citizenship at birth under INA 301 or 309. Children may also acquire citizenship after birth, but before the age of 18, through their U.S. citizen parent(s) under INA 320.
Policy Update Regarding Children of U.S. Government Employees or Service Members Employed or Stationed Abroad Who Were Born Outside the United States
Who This Policy Update Affects
This policy may affect children residing outside the United States who were born outside the United States to:
Non-U.S. citizen parents and adopted by a U.S. citizen U.S. government employee or U.S. service member after their birth;
Non-U.S. citizen parents, such as a lawful permanent resident U.S. government employee or U.S. service member who naturalized only after the child's birth; or
Two U.S. citizen government employee or U.S. service member parents who do not meet the residence or physical presence requirements to transmit citizenship to their child at birth (or one non-U.S. citizen parent and one U.S. citizen parent who does not meet these requirements).
For more information on this policy update contact uscispolicymanual@uscis.dhs.gov. For case-specific inquiries, call the USCIS Contact Center.
Who This Policy Update Does Not Affect
This policy does not affect children born outside the United States who were citizens at birth or who have already acquired citizenship, including children who:
Were born to two U.S. citizen parents, at least one of whom has had a residence in the United States or one of its outlying possessions before the child's birth;
Were born to married parents, one of whom is a U.S. citizen and one a foreign national, if the U.S. citizen parent was physically present in the U.S. or one of its outlying possessions for at least five years, at least two of which were after they turned 14 years old;
Were born to unmarried parents, one of whom is a U.S. citizen and one a foreign national, if the U.S. citizen parent meets the requirements listed in INA 309;
Are otherwise eligible to receive a Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) or a Certificate of Citizenship documenting U.S. citizenship acquired at birth; or
Are residing in the United States in the legal and physical custody of their U.S. citizen parent after being lawfully admitted to the U.S. for permanent residence.
For more information, see Policy Manual, Volume 12, Part H, Children of U.S. Citizens, Chapter 3, United States Citizens at Birth (INA 301 and 309), or email uscispolicymanual@uscis.dhs.gov.
Reason for the Policy Update
We are updating this policy because it conflicts with the definition of "residence" in the INA and also with INA 322(d), which was enacted in 2008 after this policy was instituted, and refers to children who are residing abroad with members of the armed forces of the United States as "residing outside of the United States." In addition, the previous guidance conflicts with Department of State guidance. Having conflicting policies can lead to inconsistent decisions on citizenship claims by USCIS and the Department of State and can cause confusion as to the date children of U.S. service members and government employees stationed abroad become U.S. citizens.
General Provisions for Eligibility
The table below serves as a quick reference guide to certain residence, physical presence, and overseas naturalization provisions for children of U.S. citizen service members. A person eligible under INA 320 would file Form N-600, and a parent filing for a child under 18 residing outside of the United States would file Form N-600K.
Residence, Lawful Admission, and Overseas Naturalization for Children of Members of the U.S. Armed Forces
INA Section
Lawful Admission
Residence Requirement
Automatic Citizenship
or Overseas Naturalization
320 United States The child must be lawfully admitted for permanent residence. The child must reside with U.S. citizen parent in the United States. The child may acquire automatic citizenship (must take the Oath of Allegiance in the United States to obtain a Certificate of Citizenship).
322(d) Outside the United States Lawful admission is not required for the child. The child must reside with U.S. citizen parent serving abroad. The parent must apply for citizenship, but the child may complete the entire naturalization process from outside the United States if they are authorized to accompany their U.S. citizen parent who is on official military orders (the child must take the Oath of Allegiance before their 18th birthday, unless we waive this requirement during an interview).
When a Parent Should Not File Form N-600K
U.S. government employees and U.S. service members who are employed or stationed outside the United States should not file Form N-600K if:
The child has already acquired citizenship under INA sections 301, 309, or 320, or on or before Feb. 27, 2001, under the repealed INA section 321;
They are a U.S. citizen whose only relationship to the child is as a stepparent;
They are not the U.S. citizen parent of the child, unless that parent has died; or
The child is over the age of 18.
The chart below provides additional examples of when parents should or should not file Form N-600K.
If the child is residing outside the United States and:
The child is born to two U.S. citizen parents on a military base or at an off-base hospital outside of the United States
The parents can apply for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) with the Department of State or a Certificate of Citizenship from USCIS using Form N-600. At least one parent must prove residence in the U.S. before the child's birth. The parent should not file Form N-600K.
See the Department of State Birth of U.S. Citizens Abroad webpage for more information
The child is born to two lawful permanent resident (LPR) parents on a military base or at an off-base hospital outside of the United States
At least one parent must naturalize before the child is eligible to acquire citizenship. The U.S. citizen parent must establish five years of physical presence in the United States (at least two of which were after they turned 14 years old) before the parent may file an N-600K on the child's behalf.
However, in the case of a child of a U.S. service member who is residing abroad on their parent's official military orders, the parent can count any period of time residing abroad on official orders as physical presence in the United States.
See our website for more information.
The child is born in wedlock to a U.S. citizen parent and an LPR parent on a military base or at an off-base hospital outside of the United States on or after Nov. 14, 1986
The U.S. citizen parent must prove physical presence in the United States for a period of not less than five years (at least two of which were after they turned 14 years old). However, the U.S. citizen parent can count any of the following periods as physical presence in the United States:
Honorable service in the U.S. armed forces;
Employment with the U.S. government or certain international organizations; or
Being physically present abroad as the dependent unmarried son or daughter of:
A service member honorably serving in the U.S. military;
A U.S. government employee; or
An employee of a qualifying international organization.
If the parent meets the physical presence requirement, they can apply for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) with the Department of State or a Certificate of Citizenship from USCIS using Form N-600. The parent should not file Form N-600K.
The child was born to an LPR parent who then naturalizes after the birth of the child
The U.S. citizen parent must establish five years of physical presence in the United States (at least two of which were after they turned 14 years old) before they may file an N-600K on the child's behalf.
However, in the case of a child of a U.S. service member who is residing abroad with them on their official orders, the parent can count any period of time residing abroad on official orders as physical presence in the United States.
The child is living on a military base outside of the United States when their parent(s) naturalize on that military base
The U.S. citizen parent must establish five years of physical presence in the United States (at least two of which were after they turned 14 years old) before the parent may file an N-600K on the child's behalf.
The child was born outside of the United States;
The child later becomes an LPR and resides in the United States in the legal and physical custody of their parents when one of them naturalizes in the United States; and
The child subsequently resides outside of the United States with the parents
The child became a U.S. citizen upon the parent's naturalization. The family may file an N-600 for the child, but must return to the United States for an interview to obtain the Certificate of Citizenship. The family may also apply for a passport for the child from the Department of State from outside of the United States. The parent should not file Form N-600K.
The child is the stepchild of the U.S. citizen service member and a biological child of an LPR parent
The U.S. citizen service member must adopt the child before the child could qualify for citizenship through the stepparent. Or, once the LPR parent naturalizes and establishes five years of physical presence (at least two of which were after they turned 14 years old), they can file Form N-600K for the child.
Important Facts to Know
Military bases outside of the United States are not considered "in the United States" in relation to birthright citizenship. Therefore, the only way children born abroad can acquire citizenship at birth is through their parents.
If you were a U.S. citizen when you gave birth to your child while outside the United States on military orders, your child is most likely a U.S. citizen. As long as you met certain physical presence or residence requirements before your child's birth, this policy update does not affect you, and you can apply for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) for your child at a U.S. Consulate and/or a Certificate of Citizenship from USCIS using Form N-600.
Military members stationed outside the United States who file a Form N-600K on behalf of their child will not need to travel to the United States to get a Certificate of Citizenship for their child.
Stepchildren cannot acquire U.S. citizenship through a U.S. citizen stepparent. A stepchild is ineligible for citizenship or naturalization through the U.S. citizen stepparent, unless the stepchild is adopted and the adoption meets certain requirements (See Policy Manual Chapter 2, Definition of Child for Citizenship and Naturalization, Section C, Adopted Child).
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