Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design (AETID): 261 Volumes
Series Editor(s): Lawrence A. Tomei (Robert Morris University, USA)
ISSN: 2326-8905|EISSN: 2326-8913
$36,225.00 Institutions: Print $36,225.00 Institutions: Perpetual
Education has undergone, and continues to undergo, immense changes in the way it is enacted and distributed to both child and adult learners. In modern education, the traditional classroom learning experience has evolved to include technological resources and to provide online classroom opportunities to students of all ages regardless of their geographical locations. From distance education, Massive-Open-Online-Courses (MOOCs), and electronic tablets in the classroom, technology is now an integral part of learning and is also affecting the way educators communicate information to students.
The Advances in Educational Technologies & Instructional Design (AETID) Book Series explores new research and theories for facilitating learning and improving educational performance utilizing technological processes and resources. The series examines technologies that can be integrated into K-12 classrooms to improve skills and learning abilities in all subjects including STEM education and language learning. Additionally, it studies the emergence of fully online classrooms for young and adult learners alike, and the communication and accountability challenges that can arise. Trending topics that are covered include adaptive learning, game-based learning, virtual school environments, and social media effects. School administrators, educators, academicians, researchers, and students will find this series to be an excellent resource for the effective design and implementation of learning technologies in their classes.
Bring-Your-Own-Device
Digital Divide in Education
Educational Telecommunications
Higher Education Technologies
Hybrid Learning
Instructional Design Models
K-12 Educational Technologies
Online Media in Classrooms
Social Media Effects on Education
Virtual School Environments
Web 2.0 and Education
Advancing Language Equity Practices With Immigrant Communities: Learning In and Out of Schools
Lourdes Cardozo-Gaibisso (Universidad ORT Uruguay, Uruguay), Max Vazquez Dominguez (University of North Georgia, USA)
Research on linguistically and culturally sustaining education has recently placed increased attention on the need to rethink the field by promoting more equitable l...
Building and Maintaining Adult Learning Advantage
Shalin Hai-Jew (Kansas State University, USA)
Adult learning ability is by and large considered a "net good" and is established through extra resources, the cultivation of experiences, and services like tutoring...
Early Warning Systems and Targeted Interventions for Student Success in Online Courses
Danny Glick (University of California, Irvine, USA), Anat Cohen (Tel Aviv University, Israel), Chi Chang (Michigan State University, USA)
Online learning has increasingly been viewed as a possible way to remove barriers associated with traditional face-to-face teaching, such as overcrowded classrooms a...
Machine Learning Approaches for Improvising Modern Learning Systems
Zameer Gulzar (BSAR Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, India), A. Anny Leema (VIT University, India)
Technology is currently playing a vital role in revolutionizing education systems and progressing academia into the digital age. Technological methods including data...
Using Literature to Teach English as a Second Language
Veronica Membrive (University of Almeria, Spain), Madalina Armie (University of Almeria, Spain)
Innovation has replaced stereotypical and old methods as an attempt to make English language teaching and learning appealing, effective, and simple. However, teachin...
Cognitive and Affective Perspectives on Immersive Technology in Education
Robert Z. Zheng (The University of Utah, USA)
Immersive technology as an umbrella concept consists of multiple emerging technologies including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), gaming, simulation, an...
Textbook Theory and Invariant Approaches to Language Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Elena Orlova (Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
The structure and content of a contemporary second language textbook are intended to encourage the initiative learner activity and create proper conditions for its m...
Examining Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Theories and Practices
Liudmila Khalyapina (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia)
The growing interest in the problems of integrated foreign language teaching and professional disciplines is manifested in the formulation of new concepts and approa...
Teaching Practices and Language Ideologies for Multilingual Classrooms
Ashok Bhusal (The University of Texas at El Paso, USA)
While standard language ideology (SLI) is harmful in its exclusion of minorities through expression of language and race, translingualism provides a positive scaffol...
Handbook of Research on Online Discussion-Based Teaching Methods
Lesley Wilton (University of Toronto, Canada), Clare Brett (University of Toronto, Canada)
In this digital age, faculty, teachers, and teacher educators are increasingly expected to adopt and adapt pedagogical perspectives to support student learning in in...
Paradigm Shifts in 21st Century Teaching and Learning
Şenol Orakcı (Aksaray University, Turkey)
One of the most important transformations in the world today is the adaptation to education and teaching methods that must be made to enhance the learning experience...
Handbook of Research on Building STEM Skills Through Environmental Education
Stephen T. Schroth (Towson University, USA), Janese Daniels (Towson University, USA)
Environmental studies provide an ideal opportunity for children of any age to build critical and creative thinking skills while also building skills in science, tech...
ICT-Based Assessment, Methods, and Programs in Tertiary Education
Serpil Meri Yilan (Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey), Kasim Koruyan (King Saud University, Saint Barthélemy)
The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education has revolutionized learning. Shifting beyond traditional mode of education, the integration...
Gamification Strategies for Retention, Motivation, and Engagement in Higher Education: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Robert Costello (Newcastle College University Centre, UK)
A key challenge facing higher education institutions is that of retaining students. Though gaming technologies are increasingly being used in support of learning ini...
Innovations and Technologies for Soft Skill Development and Learning
Suresh Kumar Nagarajan (VIT University, India), Mohanasundaram R (VIT Uniersity, India)
Traditional education revolves around the teaching of technical skills, especially within STEM fields. However, soft skills—broadly, communication and intrapersonal...
Computer Corpora and Open Source Software for Language Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Kristina Posavec (University of Zagreb, Croatia)
During the last four decades, a corpus-based approach to language teaching has become very significant. Direct use of corpora in language pedagogy is limited by cert...
Handbook of Research on Cultivating Literacy in Diverse and Multilingual Classrooms
Georgios Neokleous (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway), Anna Krulatz (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway), Raichle Farrelly (University of Colorado, USA)
Literacy has traditionally been associated with the linguistic and functional ability to read and write. Although literacy, as a fundamental issue in education, has...
Handbook of Research on Bilingual and Intercultural Education
María Elena Gómez-Parra (University of Córdoba, Spain), Cristina Aránzazu Huertas Abril (Universidad de Córdoba, Spain)
As education becomes more globally accessible, the need increases for comprehensive education options with a special focus on bilingual and intercultural education....
New Technological Applications for Foreign and Second Language Learning and Teaching
Mariusz Kruk (University of Zielona Góra, Poland), Mark Peterson (Kyoto University, Japan)
Population diversity is becoming more prevalent globally with increasing immigration, emigration, and refugee placement. These circumstances increase the likelihood...
Teaching Language and Literature On and Off-Canon
José Manuel Correoso-Rodenas (Univesidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain)
Language and literature teaching are a keystone in the age of STEM, especially when dealing with minority communities. Practical methodologies for language learning...
Methodologies and Outcomes of Engineering and Technological Pedagogy
Kaushik Kumar (Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India), J. Paulo Davim (University of Aveiro, Portugal)
Engineering pedagogy is closely linked to both the technical and the pedagogical sciences. Over the years, engineering pedagogy has shifted from practical education...
Examining the Roles of Teachers and Students in Mastering New Technologies
Eva Podovšovnik (University of Primorska, Slovenia)
The development of technologies, education, and economy play an important role in modern society. Digital literacy is important for personal development and for the...
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies
Mehmet Durnali (Ereğli Faculty of Education, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey), İbrahim Limon (Ministry of National Education, Turkey)
Educational technologies have revolutionized the learning and teaching environments. Offline/online applications and social media have changed the conventional learn...
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses
Amy W. Thornburg (Queens University of Charlotte, USA), Dixie F. Abernathy (Queens University of Charlotte, USA), Rob J. Ceglie (Queens University of Charlotte, USA)
Online instruction is rapidly expanding the way professors think about and plan instruction. In addition, online instructional practices are expanding and changing a...
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education
Emilio José Delgado-Algarra (University of Huelva, Spain), José María Cuenca-López (University of Huelva, Spain)
Cultural competence in education promotes civic engagement among students. Providing students with educational opportunities to understand various cultural and polit...
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education
Kelli Thomas (University of Kansas, USA), Douglas Huffman (University of Kansas, USA)
The addition of the arts to STEM education, now known as STEAM, adds a new dimension to problem-solving within those fields, offering students tools such as imaginat...
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education
Ricardo Mendoza-González (Tecnológico Nacional de México, Mexico & Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Mexico), Huizilopoztli Luna-García (Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico), Alfredo Mendoza-González (Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico)
It is widely agreed throughout the world that education and access to education are human rights. In order to accommodate the educational needs of people globally, t...
Transforming Music Education in P-12 Schools and the Community
Taichi Akutsu (Okayama Prefectural University, Japan & Seisa University, Japan)
Though culture can affect different countries' preferences for musical style, musicking is a worldwide trend that produces enjoyment for all. However, there is a div...
Global Perspectives on Gameful and Playful Teaching and Learning
Matthew Farber (University of Northern Colorado, USA)
In the fast-changing field of education, the incorporation of game-based learning has been increasing in order to promote more successful learning instruction. Impro...
Preparing 21st Century Teachers for Teach Less, Learn More (TLLM) Pedagogies
Pradeep Kumar (Taylor's University, Malaysia), Michael James Keppell (Taylor's University, Malaysia), Chee Leong Lim (Taylor's University, Malaysia)
The current trend of learner centeredness in education has been challenging many of the current ways of working, especially in higher education institutions. This ra...
Developing Technology Mediation in Learning Environments
Filomena Soares (Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal), Ana Paula Lopes (Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal), Ken Brown (Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Ireland), Anne Uukkivi (TTK University of Applied Sciences, Estonia)
Most technologies have been harnessed to enable educators to conduct their business remotely. However, the social context of technology as a mediating factor needs t...
Personalization and Collaboration in Adaptive E-Learning
Mouenis Anouar Tadlaoui (Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Morocco), Mohamed Khaldi (Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Morocco)
As part of e-learning, adaptive systems are more specialized and focus on the adaptation of learning content and presentation of this content. An adaptive system foc...
Handbook of Research on Integrating Computer Science and Computational Thinking in K-12 Education
Jared Keengwe (University of North Dakota, USA), Patrick Wachira (Cleveland State University, USA)
As technology continues to develop and prove its importance in modern society, certain professions are acclimating. Aspects such as computer science and computationa...
Recent Developments in Technology-Enhanced and Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Bin Zou (Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China), Michael Thomas (University of Central Lancashire, UK)
The pace at which technology changes has created unique challenges in the integration of such technologies into language teaching and learning. Innovative pedagogies...
Analyzing Paradigms Used in Education and Educational Psychology
Victorița Trif (University of Bucharest, Romania)
In education, there is an aim to construct an authentic framework of educational paradigms in order to provide a sharing knowledge system as a result of re-examining...
Mobile Learning Applications in Early Childhood Education
Stamatios Papadakis (University of Crete, Greece), Michail Kalogiannakis (University of Crete, Greece)
Mobile technologies combined with an interdisciplinary approach to knowledge and organization of learning experiences that are meaningful to children could create a...
Advancing Educational Research With Emerging Technology
Eugene Kennedy (Louisiana State University, USA), Yufeng Qian (Louisiana State University, USA)
Advances in technology and media have fundamentally changed the way people perceive research, how research studies are conducted, and the ways data are analyzed/how...
Open Educational Resources (OER) Pedagogy and Practices
Molly Y. Zhou (Dalton State College, USA)
Access to learning materials has been an issue within education that has had a profound impact on student outcomes and equality among students. New strategies for pr...
Blockchain Technology Applications in Education
Ramesh C. Sharma (Wawasan Open University, Malaysia), Hakan Yildirim (Osmangazi University, Turkey), Gulsun Kurubacak (Anadolu University, Turkey)
Blockchain relies on distributed databases that give an alterable and semipublic record of digital transactions. Blockchain in learning should address theoretical, p...
Handbook of Research on Creating Meaningful Experiences in Online Courses
Lydia Kyei-Blankson (Illinois State University, USA), Esther Ntuli (Idaho State University, USA), Joseph Blankson (Ohio Northern University, USA)
While online courses are said to be beneficial and many reputable brick and mortar higher education institutions are now offering undergraduate and graduate programs...
Handbook of Research on Integrating Digital Technology With Literacy Pedagogies
Pamela M. Sullivan (James Madison University, USA), Jessica L. Lantz (James Madison University, USA), Brian A. Sullivan (James Madison University, USA)
The allure and marketplace power of digital technologies continues to hold sway over the field of education with billions spent annually on technology in the United...
Beyond Language Learning Instruction: Transformative Supports for Emergent Bilinguals and Educators
Alina Slapac (University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA), Sarah A. Coppersmith (University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA)
Educators all over the world are being challenged to provide effective instruction for culturally and linguistically diverse learners and immigrant communities while...
Pedagogy for Conceptual Thinking and Meaning Equivalence: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Masha Etkind (Ryerson University, Canada), Uri Shafrir (University of Toronto, Canada)
Research in neuroscience and brain imaging show that exposure of learners to multi-semiotic problems enhance cognitive control of inter-hemispheric attentional proce...
Advanced Technologies and Standards for Interactive Educational Television: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Dionysios Politis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), Petros Stagiopoulos (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), Veljko Aleksić (University of Kragujevac, Serbia)
Educational TV in the post-war years was a cornerstone for delivering high-quality knowledge over a geographically-dispersed and culturally-segregated public. As de...
Advanced Technology-Assisted Problem Solving in Engineering Education: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Manjit Singh Sidhu (Universiti Tenaga Nasional (COIT), Malaysia)
Visual multimedia applications integrate animation, sound, graphics, and video to create an engaging, interactive, and effective learning environment. Such software...
Recent Tools for Computer- and Mobile-Assisted Foreign Language Learning
Alberto Andujar (University of Almeria, Spain)
The use of technological tools to foster language development has led to advances in language methodologies and changed the approach towards language instruction. Th...
Next Generation Digital Tools and Applications for Teaching and Learning Enhancement
Mary T. Grassetti (Framingham State University, USA), Julie Zoino-Jeannetti (Framingham State University, USA)
Digital tools and applications are an intricate part of many classroom communities. In the field of education, there is a need to continually monitor the digital lan...
Handbook of Research on Fostering Student Engagement With Instructional Technology in Higher Education
Emtinan Alqurashi (Temple University, USA)
Student engagement relies on the students and their willingness to participate in the learning process and can be enhanced through the application of various technol...
Handbook of Research on Digital Learning
Matthew Montebello (University of Malta, Malta)
Education has gone through numerous radical changes as the digital era has transformed the way we as humans communicate, inform ourselves, purchase goods, and perfor...
Profiling Target Learners for the Development of Effective Learning Strategies: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Since the early days of formalized large-scale testing, there have been efforts to understand learners in order to provide better aligned learning opportunities and...
Emerging Techniques and Applications for Blended Learning in K-20 Classrooms
Lydia Kyei-Blankson (Illinois State University, USA), Esther Ntuli (Idaho State University, USA), Mohamed A. Nur-Awaleh (Illinois State University, USA)
Many learning options are possible in education, from traditional to blended/hybrid to fully online. Of the three delivery formats, the blended mode, which involves...
Postgraduate Research Engagement in Low Resource Settings
Dennis Zami Atibuni (University of Johannesburg, South Africa)
The general academic progression, and particularly research engagement, of postgraduate students is characterized by various problems such as high dropout rates, lon...
Examining Multiple Intelligences and Digital Technologies for Enhanced Learning Opportunities
Robert Z. Zheng (University of Utah, USA)
Multiple intelligences (MI) as a cognitive psychology theory has significantly influenced learning and teaching. Research has demonstrated a strong association betwe...
Cases on Models and Methods for STEAM Education
Judith Ann Bazler (Monmouth University, USA), Meta Lee Van Sickle (College of Charleston, USA)
STEAM education can be described in two ways. One model emphasizes the arts and is not as concerned about the accuracy of the STEM fields. In the second model, STEM...
Teaching, Learning, and Leading With Computer Simulations
Yufeng Qian (Louisiana State University, USA)
Computer simulation, a powerful technological tool and research-proven pedagogical technique, holds great potential to enhance and transform teaching and learning in...
Revolutionizing Education in the Age of AI and Machine Learning
Maki K. Habib (The American University in Cairo, Egypt)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) serves as a catalyst for transformation in the field of digital teaching and learning by introducing novel solutions to revolutionize al...
Form, Function, and Style in Instructional Design: Emerging Research and Opportunities
As technological influences and advancements change the format and availability of online learning, instructional design is forced to adapt and accommodate to these...
The Roles of Technology and Globalization in Educational Transformation
Blessing F. Adeoye (Walden University, USA), Gladys Arome (Marian University, USA)
The emergence of the internet and developments in educational software have changed the way teachers teach and the way students learn. There has been a substantial i...
Utilizing Educational Data Mining Techniques for Improved Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Chintan Bhatt (Charotar University of Science and Technology, India), Priti Srinivas Sajja (Sardar Patel University, India), Sidath Liyanage (University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka)
Modern education has increased its reach through ICT tools and techniques. To manage educational data with the help of modern artificial intelligence, data and web m...
Claiming Identity Through Redefined Teaching in Construction Programs
Sherif Mostafa (Griffith University, Australia), Payam Rahnamayiezekavat (Western Sydney University, Australia)
Without a rich learning source that presents state-of-the-art pedagogy covering the key areas of contemporary practice, the industrial field may fall out of line wit...
Global Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Paths in Islamic Education
Miftachul Huda (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Malaysia, Malaysia), Jimaain Safar (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia), Ahmad Kilani Mohamed (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia), Kamarul Azmi Jasmi (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia), Bushrah Basiron (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)
The process of curriculum enhancement through various educational approaches aims to enhance quality assurance in the educational process itself. In Islamic educatio...
Social Justice and Putting Theory Into Practice in Schools and Communities
Susan Trostle Brand (University of Rhode Island, USA), Lori E. Ciccomascolo (University of Rhode Island, USA)
Educators in the K-12 and adult education milieu, including pre- and in-service educators, are expected to address, in and outside of the classroom, significant poli...
Handbook of Research on Diverse Teaching Strategies for the Technology-Rich Classroom
Lawrence A. Tomei (Robert Morris University, USA), David D. Carbonara (Duquesne University, USA)
Due to advancing technologies and an evolving professional world, various strategies for preparing and engaging students are necessary for sufficient professional de...
Handbook of Research on Innovative Digital Practices to Engage Learners
Prince Hycy Bull (Gardner-Webb University, USA), Jared Keengwe (University of North Dakota, USA)
Digital integration is the driving force of teaching and learning at all levels of education. As more non-traditional students seek credentialing, certification, and...
Cases on Digital Learning and Teaching Transformations in Higher Education
Rebecca J. Blankenship (Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, USA), Charlotte Baker (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA)
Colleges and universities throughout the United States are reimagining teaching and learning processes to best match the personalized needs of the 21st century learn...
English Language Teaching in a Post-Method Paradigm
Paulette Joyce Feraria (The University of the West Indies, Jamaica)
For many decades, English language educators across the world have been locked in a paradigm of ESL/EFL/ESD methods that have circumvented the growth of any pedagogi...
Emerging Technologies in Virtual Learning Environments
Kim Becnel (Appalachian State University, USA)
The emergent phenomena of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality is having an impact on ways people communicate with technology and with each other. S...
Blended Online Learning and Instructional Design for TPACK: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Margaret L. Niess (Oregon State University, USA)
The explosion of digital technologies in the 21st century provided access to multiple robust inquiry, communication, and collaboration applications. The enhanced cap...
Handbook of Research on Assessment Practices and Pedagogical Models for Immigrant Students
Jared Keengwe (University of North Dakota, USA), Grace Onchwari (University of North Dakota, USA)
Standardized tests have been selected as a key assessment factor in expanding the academic achievement of the national student population. However, these tests posit...
Recent Advances in Applying Identity and Society Awareness to Virtual Learning
Andrew G. Stricker (The Air University, USA), Cynthia Calongne (Colorado Technical University, USA), Barbara Truman (University of Central Florida, USA), Fil J. Arenas (The Air University, USA)
Online and virtual learning has developed into an essential aspect of learning technologies. A transdisciplinary perspective is needed to evaluate the interplay betw...
Cognitive Computing in Technology-Enhanced Learning
Miltiadis D. Lytras (Deree – The American College of Greece, Greece & Effat University, Saudi Arabia), Naif Aljohani (King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia), Linda Daniela (University of Latvia, Latvia), Anna Visvizi (Deree – The American College of Greece, Greece & Effat University, Saudi Arabia)
Various technologies and applications such as cognitive computing, artificial intelligence, and learning analytics have received increased attention in recent years....
Evidence-Based Approaches to Becoming a Culturally Responsive Educator: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Anthony Broughton (Claflin University, USA)
Culturally relevant approaches to teaching, such as using music that is culturally relevant to the children in a classroom, has fostered positive social and academic...
Handbook of Research on Faculty Development for Digital Teaching and Learning
Alev Elçi (Aksaray University, Turkey), Linda L. Beith (Roger Williams University, USA), Atilla Elçi (Aksaray University, Turkey)
Faculty development is currently practiced in a variety of approaches by individuals, committees, and centers of excellence. More research is needed to draw better b...
Gender Issues in Technical and Vocational Education Programs
Shashi Bala (V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, India), Puja Singhal (Sashakt-A Centre of Empowerment, India)
As the economic growth and social development of a nation is reliant on its workforce, it is essential to increase the workforce's employability through technical an...
Innovative Trends in Flipped Teaching and Adaptive Learning
María Luisa Sein-Echaluce (University of Zaragoza, Spain), Ángel Fidalgo-Blanco (Technical University of Madrid, Spain), Francisco José García-Peñalvo (University of Salamanca, Spain)
Understanding new educational innovations is essential for the improvement of the training and learning process. In order to effectively implement these new tools in...
Handbook of Research on Learning in the Age of Transhumanism
Serap Sisman-Ugur (Anadolu University, Turkey), Gulsun Kurubacak (Anadolu University, Turkey)
As a movement, transhumanism aims to upgrade the human body through science, constantly pushing back the limits of a person by using cutting-edge technologies to fix...
Handbook of Research on Engaging Immigrant Families and Promoting Academic Success for English Language Learners
Grace Onchwari (University of North Dakota, USA), Jared Keengwe (University of North Dakota, USA)
In the past few years, there has been an influx of immigrant children into the school system, many with a limited understanding of English. Successfully teaching the...
Care and Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in Online Settings
Lydia Kyei-Blankson (Illinois State University, USA), Joseph Blankson (Ohio Northern University, USA), Esther Ntuli (Idaho State University, USA)
Due to the recent increase in digital education technologies, online education classes have been experiencing a popularity increase among students worldwide. As clas...
Ensuring Quality and Integrity in Online Learning Programs
Esther Smidt (West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA), Rui Li (West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA)
Within the past decade, many higher education institutions have begun to offer degree programs online, but there are a lack of resources for institutions to rely on...
Handbook of Research on Ecosystem-Based Theoretical Models of Learning and Communication
Elena A. Railean (Siberian Federal University, Russia & Moscow State Pedagogical University, Russia & Free International University of Moldova, Moldova)
ICT and globalization have completely redefined learning and communication. People virtually connect to, collaborate with, and learn from other individuals. Because...
Opening Up Education for Inclusivity Across Digital Economies and Societies
Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos (The University of Oviedo, Spain), Miltiadis D. Lytras (Effat University, Saudi Arabia), Xi Zhang (Tianjin University, China), Kwok Tai Chui (City University of Hong Kong, China)
The evolution of information technologies, mobile devices, and social media as well as the needs of students, workers, and academics have experienced rapid changes i...
An Invariant-Based Approach to Second Language Acquisition: Emerging Research and Opportunities
The challenge to improve second language acquisition efficiency has always been at the heart of education because a good command of a language provides new opportuni...
Mobile Technologies in Educational Organizations
Alona Forkosh Baruch (Levinsky College of Education, Israel & Tel Aviv University, Israel), Hagit Meishar Tal (Holon Institute of Technology, Israel)
The use of mobile technology for learning in organizations and the workplace is spreading widely with the development of infrastructure and devices that allow ubiqui...
Comparative Perspectives on Inquiry-Based Science Education
Stuart Bevins (Sheffield Hallam University, UK), Louise Lehane (St. Angela's College, Ireland), Josephine Booth (Sheffield Hallam University, UK)
The core practice of professional scientists is inquiry, often referred to as research. If educators are to prepare students for a role in the professional scientifi...
Performance-Based Assessment in 21st Century Teacher Education
Kim K. Winter (Western Carolina University, USA), Holly H. Pinter (Western Carolina University, USA), Myra K. Watson (Western Carolina University, USA)
Performance-based assessments can provide an adequate and more direct evaluation of teaching ability. As performance-based assessments become more prevalent in insti...
Modern Technologies for Teaching and Learning in Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines
Larisa Alexandrovna Darinskaia (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia), Gallina Ivanovna Molodtsova (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia)
Despite the modernization of the educational process both in colleges and universities, the main way of transferring information from teacher to learner remains thei...
Critical Literacy Initiatives for Civic Engagement
Angela M. Cartwright (Midwestern State University, USA), Emily K. Reeves (Midwestern State University, USA)
Civics and citizenship focus on providing students with the disposition and tools to effectively engage with their government. Critical literacy is necessary for res...
Biometric Authentication in Online Learning Environments
A.V. Senthil Kumar (Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, India)
Student assessment in online learning is submitted remotely without any face-to-face interaction, and therefore, student authentication is widely seen as one of the...
Digital Games for Minority Student Engagement: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Rupanada Misra (Rutgers University, USA), Leo Eyombo (Howard University, USA), Floyd T. Phillips (‎New York Institute of Health and Behavior, USA)
Due to various challenges within the public-school system, such as underfunding, lack of resources, and difficulty retaining and recruiting teachers of color, minori...
Multimodal Narratives in Research and Teaching Practices
J. Bernardino Lopes (Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal), Maria Clara Viegas (Politécnico do Porto, Portugal), José Alexandre Pinto (Politécnico do Porto, Portugal)
While already validated by the scientific community, multimodal narratives have the potential for a broader application, especially for improved teaching practices f...
Intercultural Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Contexts
Piotr Romanowski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Ewa Bandura (Jagiellonian University, Poland)
While research into intercultural teaching has grown exponentially during the past two decades, the research has primarily resorted to the use of quantitative data c...
Responsible Entrepreneurship Education: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Giacomo Marzi (University of Lincoln, UK), Andrea Caputo (University of Lincoln, UK)
Entrepreneurship is always evolving, and while some view entrepreneurship as something one is born to do, entrepreneurs should continue their education to improve th...
Educational Technology and the New World of Persistent Learning
Liston W. Bailey (University of Phoenix, USA)
Technologies, such as artificial intelligence and augmented and mixed reality, continue to be implemented to support the process of teaching and learning. However, t...
European Perspectives on Learning Communities and Opportunities in the Maker Movement
Bradley S. Barker (University of Nebraska – Lincoln, USA)
While some manufacturing experts see the maker movement as a step back in education and production, the movement presents a learn-by-doing approach to emerging profe...
American Perspectives on Learning Communities and Opportunities in the Maker Movement
The maker movement culture emphasizes informal, peer-led, and shared learning, while driving innovation. Even though some experts view the maker movement as a move b...
Integral Theory and Transdisciplinary Action Research in Education
Veronika Bohac Clarke (University of Calgary, Canada)
With its growing recognition in education, the importance of Integral Theory is slowly entering mainstream academia through interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary r...
Cases on Smart Learning Environments
Abtar Darshan Singh (Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, UAE), Shriram Raghunathan (VIT Bhopal University, India), Edward Robeck (American Geosciences Institute, USA), Bibhya Sharma (University of the South Pacific, Fiji)
At a time when ICTs are proliferating various facets of society and human interactivity, optimizing the use of these tools and technologies not only enhances learnin...
Handbook of Research on Assessment Literacy and Teacher-Made Testing in the Language Classroom
Eddy White (University of Arizona, USA), Thomas Delaney (University of Oregon, USA)
The evaluation of student performance and knowledge is a critical element of an educator's job as well as an essential step in the learning process for students. The...
Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives on 3D Printing in Education
Ieda M. Santos (Emirates College for Advanced Education, UAE), Nagla Ali (Emirates College for Advanced Education, UAE), Shaljan Areepattamannil (Emirates College for Advanced Education, UAE)
Although 3D printing technologies are still a rarity in many classrooms and other educational settings, their far-reaching applications across a wide range of subjec...
Bayesian Networks for Managing Learner Models in Adaptive Hypermedia Systems: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Mouenis Anouar Tadlaoui (Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco), Mohamed Khaldi (Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco), Rommel Novaes Carvalho (University of Brasília, Brazil)
Teachers use e-learning systems to develop course notes and web-based activities to communicate with learners on one side and monitor and classify their progress on...
Handbook of Research on TPACK in the Digital Age
Margaret L. Niess (Oregon State University, USA), Henry Gillow-Wiles (Southern Oregon University, USA), Charoula Angeli (University of Cyprus, Cyprus)
This title is an IGI Global Core Reference for 2019 as it was co-edited by a leading education scholar, this title provides the latest research on the enhancement of...
Educational and Social Dimensions of Digital Transformation in Organizations
Paula Peres (Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal), Fernando Moreira (Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal), Anabela Mesquita (Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal)
In order to remain competitive, organizations must adapt to transforming environments at a rapid pace. As such, managers and employees need to constantly update thei...
Handbook of Research on Curriculum Reform Initiatives in English Education
Christopher Denman (Sultan Qaboos University, Oman), Rahma Al-Mahrooqi (Sultan Qaboos University, Oman)
Different regions of the world are making increasing demands for educational reform, especially when institutions are dissatisfied with the level of proficiency of t...
Global Perspectives on Work-Based Learning Initiatives
Jon Talbot (University of Chester, UK)
The purpose of education has been debated in recent years, especially surrounding its curriculum and structure. In order to fully understand this discussion, the rel...
Methods for Analyzing and Leveraging Online Learning Data
While online learning continues to be a rapidly expanding field of research, analyzing data allows educational institutions to fine tune their curriculum and teachin...
Technology-Supported Teaching and Research Methods for Educators
Lazarus Ndiku Makewa (Lukenya University, Kenya), Baraka Manjale Ngussa (University of Arusha, Tanzania), Joshua Michael Kuboja (University of Arusha, Tanzania)
Technology can be a powerful tool for transforming learning. It can help affirm and advance relationships between educators and students, reinvent approaches to lear...
Ubiquitous Inclusive Learning in a Digital Era
Ebba Ossiannilsson (Swedish Association of Distance Education (SADE), Sweden & International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE), Norway)
In open education, equality, accessibility, inclusiveness, and lifelong learning are key concerns. To meet, adapt to, and anticipate global goals and needs, as well...
Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Modern Education Delivery
Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A. (Information Resources Management Association, USA)
Recent innovations and new technologies in education have altered the way teachers approach instruction and learning and can provide countless advantages. The pedago...
Educational Research in the Age of Anthropocene
Vicente Reyes (University of Queensland, Australia), Jennifer Charteris (University of New England, Australia), Adele Nye (University of New England, Australia), Sofia Mavropoulou (Queensland University of Technology, Australia)
The current geological age has had a profound effect on the relationship between society and nature, and it raises new issues for researchers. It is important for ed...
Creating Caring and Supportive Educational Environments for Meaningful Learning
Kisha Daniels (Duke University, USA), Katrina Billingsley (South University – High Point, USA)
This title is an IGI Global Core Reference for 2019 as it is edited by leading education scholars from Duke University and contributed by over 22 leading education s...
Business Community Engagement for Educational Initiatives
Mikhail Epshtein (College of Staten Island (CUNY), USA)
A recently created trend within the past few years is the active involvement of the business community in the development and implementation of various educational p...
Handbook of Research on Immersive Digital Games in Educational Environments
Aliane Loureiro Krassmann (Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Farroupilha, Brazil), Érico Marcelo Hoff do Amaral (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), Felipe Becker Nunes (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), Gleizer Bierhalz Voss (Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Farroupilha, Brazil), Manuel Constantino Zunguze (Pedagogical University, Mozambique)
Education is increasingly being involved with technological resources in order to meet the needs of emerging generations, consequently changing the way people teach...
Implicit Pedagogy for Optimized Learning in Contemporary Education
Jurka Lepičnik Vodopivec (University of Primorska, Slovenia), Lucija Jančec (Dormitory "Podmurvice" Rijeka, Croatia), Tina Štemberger (University of Primorska, Slovenia)
In addition to the content prescribed by the official curriculum of any given educational establishment, students learn other information and skills outside of the i...
Technology-Assisted ESL Acquisition and Development for Nontraditional Learners
Seda Khadimally (University of Phoenix, USA)
Creating technology-integrated learning environments for adolescent and adult language learners remains a challenge to educators in the field. Thoroughly examining a...
Advanced Online Education and Training Technologies
Maki Habib (The American University in Cairo, Egypt)
Technology plays a vital role in bridging the digital divide and enhancing student learning both in and outside of the classroom. This is possible thanks to the succ...
Diverse Learning Opportunities Through Technology-Based Curriculum Design
Demetrick Williams (Rowan University, USA), N. Nsombi Harkness (The Independence Center CNA School, USA)
The infusion of technology into curriculum influences the methods and techniques used to educate the student population. By integrating effective technology in educa...
Open and Social Learning in Impact Communities and Smart Territories
Lídia Oliveira (University of Aveiro, Portugal), Ana Luísa Rego Melro (University of Aveiro, Portugal)
Impact communities are the places where individuals gather to contribute to the transformation of their territories by disseminating knowledge. As such, it is vital...
Outcome-Based Strategies for Adult Learning
Janice E. Jones (Cardinal Stritch University, USA), Mette L. Baran (Cardinal Stritch University, USA), Preston B. Cosgrove (Cardinal Stritch University, USA)
The definition of education and learning has been changing in recent years, as the field experienced, and is still experiencing, many changes. One of those changes i...
English as a Foreign Language Teachers' TPACK: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Mehrak Rahimi (Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Iran), Shakiba Pourshahbaz (Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Iran)
Undoubtedly, teachers of this century should empower themselves both pedagogically and technologically to be able to teach more efficiently and enable efficient lear...
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities
Shigeru Ikuta (Otsuma Women's University, Japan)
This title is an IGI Global Core Reference for 2019 as it is one of the best-selling reference books of 2018 within the Education subject area, providing real-world...
Globalized Curriculum Methods for Modern Mathematics Education
Adedeji Tella (University of Ibadan, Nigeria)
The field of education is in constant flux as new theories and practices emerge to engage students and improve the learning experience. Globalization has created new...
Mission-Driven Approaches in Modern Business Education
Brent Smith (Saint Joseph's University, USA)
In a globalized world, it is essential for business courses to adapt to the current economic climate by integrating cross-cultural and transnational approaches while...
Multicultural Andragogy for Transformative Learning
David P Peltz (University of Phoenix, USA), Anthony C Clemons (Columbia University, USA)
As individuals progress through each stage of life, they continue to learn and grow intellectually. However, what may be a conducive learning environment for a child...
Metasystems Learning Design of Open Textbooks: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Elena Railean (Russian Institute for Advanced Studies at Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia)
Universal access to high-quality education plays an important role in the building of peace, sustainable social and economic development, and intercultural dialogue....
Handbook of Research on Virtual Training and Mentoring of Online Instructors
Jared Keengwe (University of North Dakota, USA)
To meet the dynamic academic demands of twenty-first century digital learners, many institutions of higher learning are offering more online classes than ever before...
Emerging Trends in Cyber Ethics and Education
Ashley Blackburn (University of Houston – Downtown, USA), Irene Linlin Chen (University of Houston – Downtown, USA), Rebecca Pfeffer (University of Houston – Downtown, USA)
Cyber environments have become a fundamental part of educational institutions, causing a need for understanding the impact and general principles of ethical computer...
Coaching for Student Retention and Success at the Postsecondary Level: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Ruth Claire Black (Imperial College London, UK)
Online degree programs have long faced the issue of retention and engagement from their students. Proper support and guidance for students can encourage continuation...
Emerging Trends, Techniques, and Tools for Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Management
Ricardo Queirós (Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal)
In the digital age, online courses have progressed as popular modes of learning that provide interactive and collaborative learning in educational settings. The open...
Handbook of Research on Student-Centered Strategies in Online Adult Learning Environments
Carlton J. Fitzgerald (New England College, USA), Simona Laurian-Fitzgerald (University of Oradea, Romania), Carmen Popa (University of Oradea, Romania)
As traditional classroom settings are transitioning to online environments, teachers now face the challenge of using this medium to promote effective learning strate...
Computer-Mediated Learning for Workforce Development
Dominic Mentor (Teachers College, Columbia University, USA)
Technology has become a driving force of innovation in every industry and professionals need to strengthen their proficiency in emerging technologies to remain compe...
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning
Dara Tafazoli (University of Córdoba, Spain), M. Elena Gomez Parra (University of Córdoba, Spain), Cristina A. Huertas-Abril (University of Córdoba, Spain)
The ability to effectively communicate with individuals from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds is an invaluable asset. Learning a second language proves...
Learning Strategies and Constructionism in Modern Education Settings
Linda Daniela (University of Latvia, Latvia), Miltiadis Lytras (Deree-The American College of Greece, Greece)
Educational strategies have evolved over the years due to research breakthroughs and the application of technology. By using the latest learning innovations, curricu...
Global Perspectives on Social Media in Tertiary Learning and Teaching: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Inna Piven (Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand), Robyn Gandell (Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand), Maryann Lee (Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand), Ann M. Simpson (Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand)
The prominence of social media, especially in the lives of teenagers and young adults, has long been regarded as a significant distraction from studies. However, the...
International Student Mobility and Opportunities for Growth in the Global Marketplace
Krishna Bista (Morgan State University, USA)
Today, millions of students cross geographic, cultural, and educational borders for their higher education. Trends of international student mobility are significant...
Assessing Social Support and Stress in Autism-Focused Virtual Communities: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Amit Saha (Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, USA), Nitin Agarwal (University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA)
With the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among the younger generation, there is a shortage of adequate resources to deliver care for these individuals....
Learner Experience and Usability in Online Education
Imed Bouchrika (University of Souk Ahras, Algeria), Nouzha Harrati (University of Souk Ahras, Algeria), Phu Vu (University of Nebraska at Kearney, USA)
In online education, there is a challenge to not only meet the pedagogical aspects of digital education but also to understand the user experience within learning pl...
Enhancing Education Through Open Degree Programs and Prior Learning Assessment
Carolyn N. Stevenson (Purdue University Global, USA)
The rising cost of tuition, increasing competition, and mounting student loan debt has caused educational leaders to rethink degree programs and resources for learne...
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music
Carol Johnson (University of Melbourne, Australia), Virginia Christy Lamothe (Belmont University, USA)
With the shift towards online education, teaching and learning music has evolved to incorporate online environments. However, many music instructors, faculty, and in...
Innovative Applications of Online Pedagogy and Course Design
Ramesh C. Sharma (Wawasan Open University, Malaysia)
New tools and technologies are being developed to cater to the e-learning triangle of content, technology, and services. These developments (in technology, needs of...
Enhancing Social Presence in Online Learning Environments
Michael Marmon (University of North Texas, USA)
The use of media to create and maintain a public presence has become a ubiquitous aspect of daily life. Such interactions should be used to enhance other aspects of...
Digital Technologies and Instructional Design for Personalized Learning
Robert Zheng (University of Utah, USA)
When facilitating high-quality education, using digital technology to personalize students' learning is a focus in the development of instruction. There is a nee...
Curriculum Development for Gifted Education Programs
Jessica Cannaday (Azusa Pacific University, USA)
Diverse learners with exceptional needs require a specialized curriculum that will help them to develop, socially and intellectually, in a way that traditional pedag...
Curriculum Internationalization and the Future of Education
Semire Dikli (Georgia Gwinnett College, USA), Brian Etheridge (Georgia Gwinnett College, USA), Richard Rawls (Georgia Gwinnett College, USA)
In an effort to enhance the quality of education, universities and colleges are developing programs that help faculty and staff internationalize curriculum. These pr...
Handbook of Research on Integrating Technology Into Contemporary Language Learning and Teaching
Technology has become an integral part of our everyday lives. As today's teachers prepare to instruct a new generation of students, the question is no longer whether...
Technology Management in Organizational and Societal Contexts
Andrew Borchers (Lipscomb University, USA)
Technological advancements are often regarded as positive, as they are usually expected to make life and business easier. While this can often be the case, it is not...
Engaging Adolescent Students in Contemporary Classrooms: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Prathiba Nagabhushan (St. Mary MacKillop College, Australia)
Preparation for university study and integration into the workforce is the academic goal in the final years of secondary education. This preparedness can only be ach...
Impact of Learning Analytics on Curriculum Design and Student Performance
Manoj Kumar Singh (Mekelle University, Ethiopia), Zenawi Zerihun (Mekelle University, Ethiopia), Neerja Singh (Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, India)
The quality of students' learning experiences is a critical concern for all educational institutions. With the assistance of modern technological advances, education...
Integrating Multi-User Virtual Environments in Modern Classrooms
Yufeng Qian (Northeastern University, USA)
As innovation advances and grows, classrooms are able utilize more advanced technology to educate students. Through virtual learning environments, students can exper...
Written Corrective Feedback for L2 Development: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Qi Guo (Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, China)
The application of evaluations in classroom settings has equipped educators with innovative tools and techniques for effective teaching practices. Integrating feedba...
Handbook of Research on Students' Research Competence in Modern Educational Contexts
Vardan Mkrttchian (HHH University, Australia), Lubov Belyanina (Astrakhan State University, Russia)
While there are many ways to collect information, students have trouble understanding how to employ various research methods effectively, since everyone learns and p...
Emerging Technologies and Work-Integrated Learning Experiences in Allied Health Education
Indu Singh (Griffith University, Australia), Karun Raghuvanshi (Caterpillar of Australia Pty Ltd, Australia)
The Internet serves as an essential tool in promoting health awareness through the circulation of important research among the medical professional community. While...
Differentiated Instructional Design for Multicultural Environments: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Diane Stottlemyer (Walden University, USA)
Modern technology is creating new challenges for teachers to keep up with today's education and advancing teaching styles. The development of a differentiated curric...
The Community of Inquiry Framework in Contemporary Education: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Peggy Semingson (The University of Texas at Arlington, USA), Pete Smith (The University of Texas at Arlington, USA), Henry I. Anderson (The University of Texas at Arlington, USA)
The primary challenge of online education is bridging the distance, both geographical and psychological, between student-and-teacher and student-and-student dynamics...
Visual Approaches to Cognitive Education With Technology Integration
Anna Ursyn (University of Northern Colorado, USA)
Within the growing world of social media and computer technology, it is important to facilitate collaborative knowledge building through the utilization of visual li...
Handbook of Research on Educational Design and Cloud Computing in Modern Classroom Settings
K.C. Koutsopoulos (EUROGEO, Greece), Konstantinos Doukas (Doukas School, Greece), Yannis Kotsanis (Doukas School, Greece)
In the digital age, the integration of technology has become a ubiquitous aspect of modern society. These advancements have significantly enhanced the field of educa...
Emerging Self-Directed Learning Strategies in the Digital Age
Frank G. Giuseffi (Lindenwood University, USA)
Currently, society is becoming increasingly involved in self-directed learning for both intellectual and professional development. As such, it is imperative that bot...
Cultivating Diverse Online Classrooms Through Effective Instructional Design
Karen L. Milheim (Walden University, USA)
Higher education programs are continuously expanding globally and now, students who are enrolled in online courses can reside anywhere in the world. Due to this phen...
Handbook of Research on Program Development and Assessment Methodologies in K-20 Education
Victor X. Wang (Grand Canyon University, USA)
As the educational system continues to evolve, it is essential that educators of today devise innovative and strategic approaches to program development and assessme...
Optimizing Student Engagement in Online Learning Environments
Digital classrooms have become a common addition to curriculums in higher education; however, such learning systems are only successful if students are properly moti...
Supporting Multiculturalism in Open and Distance Learning Spaces
Elif Toprak (Anadolu University, Turkey), Evrim Genc Kumtepe (Anadolu University, Turkey)
The growing interest in transnational cooperation in education across borders has different implications for developed and developing countries. It is true that glob...
Handbook of Research on Pedagogical Models for Next-Generation Teaching and Learning
Every generation of students comes to the classroom with different needs than that of their predecessors. Implementing new methods and styles of teaching to meet the...
Handbook of Research on Mobile Technology, Constructivism, and Meaningful Learning
Advancements in technology in modern societies have resulted in an abundance of new educational tools and aids. Analyzing the effects of different mobile educational...
Enhancing Education and Training Initiatives Through Serious Games
John Denholm (The University of Manchester, UK & University of Warwick, UK), Linda Lee-Davies (The University of Manchester, UK & Wroxton College of Fairleigh Dickinson University, USA)
Games have become popular tools to enhance learning in both educational and business environments. Analyzing the link between games and their results on students can...
Deviant Communication in Teacher-Student Interactions: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Eletra Gilchrist-Petty (The University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA)
Instructional communication is a pivotal concept in the relationship between an educator and a student. However, if not carried out properly, a variety of deviant be...
Culturally Engaging Service-Learning With Diverse Communities
Omobolade O. Delano-Oriaran (St. Norbert College, USA), Marguerite W. Penick-Parks (University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh, USA), Suzanne Fondrie (University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh, USA)
Evaluating the experiences of racially marginalized and underrepresented groups is vital to creating equality in society. Such actions have the potential to provoke...
Digital Transformation and Innovation in Chinese Education
Hiller A. Spires (North Carolina State University, USA) <