Task-specific design of skeletal muscle: balancing muscle structural composition
Stan L Lindstedt, Travis McGlothlin, Eric Percy, Judah Pifer
Skeletal muscle fibers are composed of three structural elements, each contributing a unique aspect of muscle function, yet each 'competing' in a sense for space inside the cell. The volume occupied by myofibrils determines the force of contraction, the volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum sets the rate of onset and relaxation of a fiber's contraction and hence contraction frequency, and the volume of mitochondria sets the level of sustained performance. The entirety of functional outcomes in muscle, from sustained isometric to high frequency contractions, and from high power output to high endurance, are all primarily attributable to shifts in the proportions (and relationships) of those three structures. This paper examines and reviews these components of muscle first to identify and summarize structure-function 'rules', and second to examine the balance between sometimes competing demands. In particular, we focus on those muscles in which power, endurance and frequency are all simultaneously high (flight muscles), and examine how muscle has 'solved' problems of space and energy demand. From these results and observations it would appear that for flight to have evolved in small animals, the double packing of inner mitochondrial membranes may be expected in animals under 50-80 g in mass, and asynchronous muscle is structurally essential for flight in small insects with wing beat frequencies above about 100 Hz. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Mitochondrial Size
Myofibrils
Mitochondrial Membranes
Asynchronous muscle
Muscle structure
Symmorphosis
Lindstedt, S. L., McGlothlin, T., Percy, E., & Pifer, J. (1998). Task-specific design of skeletal muscle: balancing muscle structural composition. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 120(1), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00021-2
Task-specific design of skeletal muscle : balancing muscle structural composition. / Lindstedt, Stan L; McGlothlin, Travis; Percy, Eric; Pifer, Judah.
In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 120, No. 1, 1998, p. 35-40.
Lindstedt, SL, McGlothlin, T, Percy, E & Pifer, J 1998, 'Task-specific design of skeletal muscle: balancing muscle structural composition', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00021-2
Lindstedt SL, McGlothlin T, Percy E, Pifer J. Task-specific design of skeletal muscle: balancing muscle structural composition. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1998;120(1):35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00021-2
Lindstedt, Stan L ; McGlothlin, Travis ; Percy, Eric ; Pifer, Judah. / Task-specific design of skeletal muscle : balancing muscle structural composition. In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1998 ; Vol. 120, No. 1. pp. 35-40.
@article{a832d06fce184af6bf4c52924c32b60e,
title = "Task-specific design of skeletal muscle: balancing muscle structural composition",
abstract = "Skeletal muscle fibers are composed of three structural elements, each contributing a unique aspect of muscle function, yet each 'competing' in a sense for space inside the cell. The volume occupied by myofibrils determines the force of contraction, the volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum sets the rate of onset and relaxation of a fiber's contraction and hence contraction frequency, and the volume of mitochondria sets the level of sustained performance. The entirety of functional outcomes in muscle, from sustained isometric to high frequency contractions, and from high power output to high endurance, are all primarily attributable to shifts in the proportions (and relationships) of those three structures. This paper examines and reviews these components of muscle first to identify and summarize structure-function 'rules', and second to examine the balance between sometimes competing demands. In particular, we focus on those muscles in which power, endurance and frequency are all simultaneously high (flight muscles), and examine how muscle has 'solved' problems of space and energy demand. From these results and observations it would appear that for flight to have evolved in small animals, the double packing of inner mitochondrial membranes may be expected in animals under 50-80 g in mass, and asynchronous muscle is structurally essential for flight in small insects with wing beat frequencies above about 100 Hz. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.",
keywords = "Asynchronous muscle, Hummingbird, Insects, Mitochondria, Muscle structure, Myofibrils, Rattlesnake, Sarcoplasmic reticulum, Symmorphosis",
author = "Lindstedt, {Stan L} and Travis McGlothlin and Eric Percy and Judah Pifer",
journal = "Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry",
T1 - Task-specific design of skeletal muscle
T2 - balancing muscle structural composition
AU - Lindstedt, Stan L
AU - McGlothlin, Travis
AU - Percy, Eric
AU - Pifer, Judah
N2 - Skeletal muscle fibers are composed of three structural elements, each contributing a unique aspect of muscle function, yet each 'competing' in a sense for space inside the cell. The volume occupied by myofibrils determines the force of contraction, the volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum sets the rate of onset and relaxation of a fiber's contraction and hence contraction frequency, and the volume of mitochondria sets the level of sustained performance. The entirety of functional outcomes in muscle, from sustained isometric to high frequency contractions, and from high power output to high endurance, are all primarily attributable to shifts in the proportions (and relationships) of those three structures. This paper examines and reviews these components of muscle first to identify and summarize structure-function 'rules', and second to examine the balance between sometimes competing demands. In particular, we focus on those muscles in which power, endurance and frequency are all simultaneously high (flight muscles), and examine how muscle has 'solved' problems of space and energy demand. From these results and observations it would appear that for flight to have evolved in small animals, the double packing of inner mitochondrial membranes may be expected in animals under 50-80 g in mass, and asynchronous muscle is structurally essential for flight in small insects with wing beat frequencies above about 100 Hz. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
AB - Skeletal muscle fibers are composed of three structural elements, each contributing a unique aspect of muscle function, yet each 'competing' in a sense for space inside the cell. The volume occupied by myofibrils determines the force of contraction, the volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum sets the rate of onset and relaxation of a fiber's contraction and hence contraction frequency, and the volume of mitochondria sets the level of sustained performance. The entirety of functional outcomes in muscle, from sustained isometric to high frequency contractions, and from high power output to high endurance, are all primarily attributable to shifts in the proportions (and relationships) of those three structures. This paper examines and reviews these components of muscle first to identify and summarize structure-function 'rules', and second to examine the balance between sometimes competing demands. In particular, we focus on those muscles in which power, endurance and frequency are all simultaneously high (flight muscles), and examine how muscle has 'solved' problems of space and energy demand. From these results and observations it would appear that for flight to have evolved in small animals, the double packing of inner mitochondrial membranes may be expected in animals under 50-80 g in mass, and asynchronous muscle is structurally essential for flight in small insects with wing beat frequencies above about 100 Hz. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
KW - Asynchronous muscle
KW - Hummingbird
KW - Insects
KW - Mitochondria
KW - Muscle structure
KW - Myofibrils
KW - Rattlesnake
KW - Sarcoplasmic reticulum
KW - Symmorphosis
JO - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry
JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry