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Game Over: How Politics Has Turned the Sports World Upside Down
de Dave Zirin e Michael Eric Dyson
"Enlightening" essays on athletes, activism, and the important role sports plays in our society (Publishers Weekly).
Sportscaster Howard Cosell dubbed it "rule number one of the jockocracy": sports and politics just don't mix. But in truth, some of our most important debates about class, race, religion, sex, and the raw quest for political power are played out both on and off the field. From the NFL lockout and the role of soccer in the Arab Spring to the Penn State sexual abuse scandals and Tim Tebow's on-field genuflections, this timely and hard-hitting new book from the "conscience of American sports writing" offers new insights and analysis of headline-grabbing sports controversies (The Washington Post).
It explores the shady side of the NCAA; the explosive 2011 MLB All-Star Game; and why the Dodgers crashed and burned. It covers the fascinating struggles of gay and lesbian athletes to gain acceptance, female athletes to be more than sex symbols, and athletes everywhere to assert their collective bargaining rights as union members. Dave Zirin also illustrates the ways that athletes are once again using their exalted platforms to speak out and reclaim sports from the corporate interests that have taken it hostage. In Game Over, he cheers the victories—but also reflects on how far we have yet to go.
"A book that no thinking sports fan can afford to miss." —Jonathan Mahler, author of Ladies and Gentlemen, The Bronx Is Burning
Editora: Open Road Integrated MediaLançado em: May 10, 2011ISBN: 9781595588425Formato: book
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Acclaim for Game Over
Most consciences are not as loud, as funny, as entertaining, or as right as often as Dave Zirin, the unquiet conscience of all our games. If you're an owner, fear him. If you're a fan, damn it, listen to him. This is authentic American journalism in a tradition that goes back to William Lloyd Garrison, except funnier, and with fewer civil wars.
—Charles P. Pierce, author of Idiot America:
How Stupidity Became a Virtue in the Land of the Free
"There are fresh voices, and there are fresh voices. No one approaches sports like Dave Zirin—with genuine love and respect, but also with a kind of X-ray vision that cuts through all of the layers of hype and hypocrisy. Game Over is a book that no thinking sports fan can afford to miss."
—Jonathan Mahler, author of Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning
Zirin has done a remarkable job presenting the complexities and nuances that entwine the worlds of sports and politics. If the majority of athletes and the general public don't challenge the malignant pressures of politics and corporations in sports, we are all diminished.
—Mary Tillman, mother of Pat Tillman and
author of Boots on the Ground by Dusk
"Game Over tackles head-on various issues of the politics within sports. Zirin's writings are insightful and thought-provoking—and they challenge a conventional mind-set that attempts to cover certain realities and ignore them out of existence."
—Etan Thomas, eleven-year NBA player and author of Fatherhood: Rising to the Ultimate Challenge
"For novel and insightful sports commentary by one of the country's experts, I recommend Game Over with the enthusiasm of a sports fan."
—Nancy Hogshead-Makar, professor of law, senior director of
advocacy at Women's Sports Foundation, and Olympic champion
ALSO BY DAVE ZIRIN
The John Carlos Story:
The Sports Moment That Changed the World
Bad Sports:
How Owners Are Ruining the Games We Love
A People's History of Sports in the United States:
250 Years of Politics, Protest, People, and Play
Welcome to the Terrordome:
The Pain, Politics, and Promise of Sports
Muhammad Ali Handbook
What's My Name, Fool?
Sports and Resistance in the United States
How Politics Has Turned the
Sports World Upside Down
Game Over contains a wealth of new material. It also draws heavily
on my columns over the last three years, published in The Nation,
The Progressive, SLAM Magazine, and sportsillustrated.com.
It was only after looking back at them that I thought
that something bigger was happening
in the world of sports.
© 2013 by Dave Zirin
No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form,
without written permission from the publisher.
Requests for permission to reproduce selections
from this book should be mailed to: Permissions Department, The New Press, 120 Wall Street, 31st floor, New York, NY 10005.
Published in the United States by The New Press, New York, 2013
Distributed by Two Rivers Distribution
ISBN 978-1-59558-842-5 (e-book)
CIP data available
The New Press publishes books that promote and enrich public discussion and understanding of the issues vital to our democracy and to a more equitable world. These books are made possible by the enthusiasm of our readers; the support of a committed group of donors, large and small; the collaboration of our many partners in the independent media and the not-for-profit sector; booksellers, who often hand-sell New Press books; librarians; and above all by our authors.
www.thenewpress.com
Composition by dix!
This book was set in Fairfield LH Light
To John Wesley Carlos, never scared to stand strong
I heard Jim Brown once say the gladiator can't change Rome.
I love Jim Brown. But I disagree. I'll die trying, my brother.
—Arian Foster, NFL Pro Bowl running back
1:Occupy the Sports World
2: You Have to Be an Ultra from Within : Soccer and the Arab Spring
3:Today's World Cup and Olympics: Invictus in Reverse
4:Zombie Teams and Zombie Owners
5:Joe Paterno: Death, Remembrance, and the Wages of Sin
6:The NCAA's Whiff of the Plantation
7:Here Come Los Suns
8: Is Your Underwear Flame Retardant? : Sexuality and Sports
9: I'm Not Your Child : Racism Today in Sports
This book doesn't get written without the remarkable work of everyone at The New Press, particularly Azzurra Cox, Marc Favreau, and Ellen Adler. It also doesn't get written without all the support at The Nation magazine, The Progressive, SLAM, the Media Education Foundation, Haymarket Books, and Edge of Sports Radio.
But in the end, nothing gets done without the patience and support of my family, especially Sasha, Jake, and my intergalactic partner, Michele. Lastly, thanks to all the rebel athletes, fans, sports writers, and individuals who seized the last three years and showed the world that politics is not a spectator sport.
Foreword: Scribes and Superheroes
Isuspect that Dave Zirin is a superhero. No, I haven't seen him dip in a phone booth in street clothes and emerge in spandex and a cape. But I've witnessed him dropping his rhetorical hammer like Thor on some unsuspecting soul who didn't know that, when it comes to emotions, Dave is in a mixed marriage: his genial spirit is wedded for life to ferocious political resistance.
I still can't quite figure out which superhero he most resembles. It's largely his fault because he routinely goes off script. He's exuberantly subversive. Dave overturns the virtues of our comic book leaders clad in latex and leather. And he often reverses the moral and the magic of the story.
It's only right to begin in Gotham since Zirin's daring work yanks the covers off the real villains of sports who live in a plush but poisonous world of their making. Commissioner Gordon signals his need for help fighting crime by beaming to Batman a shaft of light in the sky.
Zirin's version of Batman is a bit more jarring because he turns the behavior of Gotham's most diligent protector upside down. Our journalistic crusader unmasks hypocrisy in the world of sports. He signals unsportsmanlike conduct by high-ranking officials who sometimes don't play fair. And he shines a bright analytical light on players getting the shaft from baseball commissioner Bud Selig and basketball commissioner David Stern.
Perhaps Dave is Spider-Man, bitten by the eight-legged insect whose name he bears and whose traits he absorbs: spinning webs, crawling on buildings, and swinging from rooftops. Zirin frees us from webs of deception spun about larger-than-life figures at Penn State and Cowboys Stadium. He scales massive structures of deceit about what goes on behind the scenes in every sport from soccer to hockey. And he swings from high theory to pop culture in bringing bad guys and bullies to justice, at least on the page.
Maybe Dave is an anti-superhero who leaves the tights and gloves at home and does his greatest damage as Peter Parker, Bruce Wayne, or Clark Kent—as the guy who looks least likely to deliver a gut punch to the establishment because he looks just like them. He dons no masks; his only weapons are the words he wields like a weight lifted or—better yet—imposed like a cudgel or a baton.
Dave Zirin is a guy who sees the heroic in unexpected places. He's a man who asks tough questions. He's a journalist who uses humor to expose the horrors we so easily overlook. He's a thinker who turns to vital voices that aren't often heard from in the world of sports. And he's an irreverent fan who lampoons the pieties of the testosterone elite.
Take his appearance on a recent episode of ESPN's highly regarded show Outside the Lines. While discussing the wild enthusiasm that has greeted the arrival in Washington, D.C., of Heisman Trophy winner Robert Griffin III (affectionately dubbed RG3 ), Zirin acknowledges the glee the Washington Redskins quarterback has generated while slyly getting in a zinger against bigotry. He offers lessons on history and politics to boot.
Washington, D.C., is a transient town, Dave declares. It's a town where a lot of people live for a short period of time. And for decades the only thing that has bound this town together as one entity has been Washington, D.C., football.
Note the name of the Washington, D.C., football team wasn't mentioned by Zirin the first time out of the chute. Sometimes it's what's not said that speaks the loudest.
"For the last twenty years, this team has been a national embarrassment, and certainly a local embarrassment. And even though that's been the case over the last twenty years—even though FedEx Field, where they play, was ranked by ESPN magazine as the twenty-eighth best stadium in the NFL out of thirty-two teams—it's still the third most valuable NFL franchise in the league. That says something about the passion people have for it. And now with RG3, it is like a Redskins inferno here."
Interesting choice of words for sure. Inferno comes from the Latin term for hell, but there's more to the word than its etymology. Inferno is the first book of the epic poem The Divine Comedy, a classic of Western literature penned by Dante Alighieri. The most relevant issue for our purposes is the association of the Redskins with hell—the hell of losing, the hell of struggle, the hell of troubling nomenclature. That sneaky Dave has hot metaphors and fiery insinuations. And there's more where that flamed from.
If RG3 held a press conference tomorrow, and said, 'Look, I love this team, I love this town, but I feel like Redskins is a racist name and I'd like to rename the team the Washington Subway Sandwiches,' people might do it! That's how much people love this guy!
Dave gets a lot done in one statement. He nods to RG3's huge popularity. He highlights the racist shadow on the team's name. He gently nudges the franchise quarterback to use his influence to stamp out vestiges of intolerance. And he even sinks a humorous bite into the commercialization of athletics by alluding to one of RG3's most prominent endorsement deals. (Move over, Jared.)
But he isn't finished. After admitting that Redskins owner Dan Snyder hasn't always been a source of inspiration for the region, Dave concedes Snyder's positive role in feeding the capitol's football obsession.
The guy has built a lot of goodwill for the team, particularly in Prince George's County, where the Washington Redskins play. Those who know that Prince George's is the wealthiest African American majority county in America know where Dave is heading.
There really is, I think, in terms of tailgating, no better place. The stadium might be twenty-eighth out of thirty-two, but the passion that people bring is unbelievable. And I have to say, in a town that is very segregated in terms of black and white, you go tailgating at FedEx Field, and it's a remarkably integrated environment. Actually, it's a window into the promise of what this city can be.
That's vintage Zirin: throwing a curve of history over the home plate of sports media and striking out the political ignorance that keeps swinging for the fences of racial amnesia. Or to stick with football, Dave audibles like a poised Peyton Manning at the line of political scrimmage, he reads the blitzes of social denial that attempt to sack the truth, and he tosses a touchdown of radical analysis over the outstretched arms of the defenders of the status quo. That may sound hokey alright, but when bigotry is often outfitted with patriotic garb, the hokey may be downright heroic. And few are as heroic as Dave Zirin in helping us to understand what's at stake in the games we watch and play.
Game Over has a simple but bracing premise: that politics and sports are hitched, for better and worse. As with religion, a lot of folk believe that sport is, and should be, exempt from politics, that it is shielded from questions of justice, equality, and opportunity. Dave Zirin patiently but persistently destroys that myth and hammers at the underlying truth: social, cultural, and racial issues haunt our fields and courts of play as remorselessly as they stalk our national and global lives beyond the arena.
What we think about immigration in America has a huge impact, for instance, on major league baseball, especially since nearly 30 percent of its players are Latino, up from just 13 percent twenty years ago. What impact could the ethnic makeup of baseball possibly have on the game? It might make a difference where the All-Star Game is played—especially if, as in 2011, the destination for the annual display of the game's brightest stars was Arizona, which had recently passed the notorious Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (SB 1070). That nasty piece of legislation took direct aim at immigrants and empowered the police to conduct a witch hunt for those who are illegally mooching off our culture and supposedly sucking the blood from our vital democracy with their vampiric presence.
Zirin, however, exposes the dirt beneath the American carpet of sport. He explores the cowardice of baseball commissioner Selig in refusing, despite reasonable protest, to move the All-Star Game from a state that gave bigotry a license to mock the lives of more than a quarter of baseball's players. He shows how basketball's Phoenix Suns signaled their solidarity with Latinos and their outrage at anti-immigrant hysteria by taking to the court in their Los Suns jerseys. A small gesture, yes, but a loaded one, too, that seemed to say: if the gravity of the legislation's assault on our common humanity is lost in political translation, then the grammar of our empathy should be made plain as we spell out our allegiance to Latinos.
Zirin also cites the Phoenix Suns' principled stand against homophobia in a blistering critique of how sexual anxieties and prejudices have shaped our expectations of men and women in sport. Men have to make sure that, as the hip-hop slogan states it, there is no homo in their routinely rowdy gestures of male bonding: patting butts, showering together, and falling to the floor or field locked up like eager lovers. That stuff is fine as long as the masculine bonding on display is clearly for heterosexual purposes.
As for the fairer sex—the one mostly unfairly treated—it's not enough that women can play; they also have to look pretty and recognizably feminine as they sweat, grunt, and compete. We have to be sure that lesbians aren't lurking in our gyms—though, it appears, it's just fine if they're parading through our heterosexual fantasies of ménages à trois.
Of course the feminine ideal can have an odd and dispiriting racial angle too: when Gabby Douglas won gold at the Olympics as the first black person to snag the top medal for individual all-around gymnastics performance, some black folk took to Twitter to excoriate the pint-size princess for her hair being unkempt as she fried big athletic fish rather than frying her curls. Black self-hatred aside, this peculiar response was thick with gender bias: are any number of black male athletes taken to task for their follicular correctness as they grunt their way toward their goals? Ben Wallace, anyone?
To be sure, race and racism have made more than cameo appearances in the world of sports. Jackie Robinson famously defeated the color line in baseball, and Joe Louis punched his way to American heroism when he bested Max Schmeling in the ring and delivered decisive blows to prejudice beyond the canvas. Those cases were easier to identify—and easier to identify with. All but the most brutal racist can admit that bigotry was wrong and should have had no place in American sport.
But complicated racial views of more recent vintage are dicier: there are no clear-cut heroes and villains.
That may be misstating things. Better to say that the way race plays out in contemporary sports has by shades and degrees gotten a lot more slippery and in some cases more subtle; explicit racial prejudice may have prevailed in the past, but today's racial hierarchy is enforced, and endorsed, by folk who in earlier epochs looked like saviors and heroes.
Zirin adroitly dissects these issues in his discussion of the 2011 lockout of NBA basketball players by the league, led by Commissioner Stern. Most of the players are black, while most of the owners and the commissioner are white. When they went up against the owners, black players, as rich as they are, were, relatively speaking, like so many Davids confronting white billionaire Goliaths. Add to the mix Stern's solid pedigree as a liberal, plus evidence of his paternalism and condescension—he remarked on the players' inability to understand the financial woes of team owners—and the result is, well, liberal paternalism and, whether intended or not, racial hierarchy and inequality.
Game Over is refreshing because it takes on racism and a host of other ills with moral clarity and straight talk. Zirin's astute analysis got me to thinking how most conversations about race and sports these days happen at side angles draped in cryptic speech. When LeBron James took his talents to South Beach, the fans in Cleveland went berserk. That's understandable given how much athletes are deified in the culture and how the masses project their muscular fantasies onto their chiseled bodies. (Okay, so Prince Fielder's generous girth doesn't exactly qualify him for ESPN magazine's annual body issue, but his extraordinary skills and lucrative contract make him an object of desire nonetheless.) But it's also telling that so much of the anger unleashed on LeBron wasn't simply about a hometown hero decamping for newer vineyards as he left behind the bitter whines of his jilted lovers. The charge that LeBron publicly humiliated his hometown and his team by announcing his decision on a nationally televised special is largely unconvincing. Everything else he did was equally large and dramatic, perhaps even theatric, and no one was complaining then, except the towns and teams he left in his athletic dust. Besides, for nearly two years before he left Cleveland, James had cameras and microphones stuck in his face everywhere he went, whether to the cleaners or the bathroom, asking what he would do. It made sense to tell everyone at the same time. No, he shouldn't have told team owner Dan Gilbert his decision beforehand, or else he would have ruined the moment and spoiled the surprise as surely as he stewed in undeclared racial resentment afterward.
The notion of a black athlete being free to declare his intentions to pursue his dreams where he wanted without asking permission of a white owner reeked too heavily of the sort of independence that in the past was read as racial betrayal. James did nothing illegal or immoral. He exercised a right of choice that is usually at the owner's or team's discretion: when and under what terms a player would go and where he would end up. Since all but one of the league's owners is white, and 80 percent of the players are black, the racial ledger unavoidably finds a bottom line in race. Had James announced he was remaining in Cleveland, the hero's garland and the saint's halo may very well have been his. A parade with floats may have greeted him instead of the burning jersey and the hanging in effigy.
These are the kinds of thoughts that Game Over provokes. And that's merely the tip of the iceberg. Zirin wrestles with the Penn State child molestation scandal: he contrasts, then connects, our reverence for figures like legendary football coach Joe Paterno on the gridiron with the heaving injustices carried out by assistant coach Jerry Sandusky in the showers. Zirin untangles the gnarled logic of paying NCAA coaches big money, including millions in endorsements from corporate behemoths like Nike, while the athletes who carry the financial well-being of the university on their backs barely scrape by on conditional scholarships. He's equally smart about the impact of the Arab Spring on soccer and the sordid collusion of big capital and political repression on the Olympics.
Dave Zirin makes us understand that whether we see ourselves as sports fans or not, we all have a stake in understanding why the sports page is insufficient for understanding sports. Seeing the world through his eyes is a revelation; reading his poetic prose as he grapples with the politics of sports is exhilarating. In a time when many athletes—and their scribes as well—have been warned and weaned away from politics, Dave Zirin brilliantly shows us how the bullpen and the bully pulpit have a lot in common. In my book, with all apologies to Shaq and Dwight Howard, that makes him the real Superman.
delphicaGo to delphica's profile
This is going to be one of those books that I enjoyed a lot, however my comments are going to sound like a long list of complaints. It's not so much complaining as it is a recognition of the fact that the book raises a lot of issues that make interesting conversational topics.Each chapter of this book deals with a different aspect of the intersection of sports and society, with (as the title says) an emphasis on politics. A few quibbles on that later. However, most were previously published as articles, and that shows. They don't feel like they were written with a unified purpose, because they weren't. You can also pick up on some subtle changes in tone -- I like Zirin's sports writing a lot, and when he writes for a sporty audience, he includes a lot of witty little sports asides. He dials this way down when writing for a more general audience, understandably. I wish this book had been a little more coherent. It's not clear to me what Zirin thinks people -- either fans, or players or other people directly involved, should do. I kept waiting for the call to action.One thing I thought was hilarious is that he describes the Green Bay Packers ownership model and strongly advocates for it to be re-introduced into professional sports (he probably could have better explained the rules that would need to change to enable that). He sets out some good arguments ... but he also doesn't seem to realize that this model is already every fan's fantasy. We're familiar with the concept.I like that he hates the NCAA, and most specifically, it's refusal to entertain the idea of compensating student-athletes. This is one of those issues where over the years, I went from being very against compensation, to feeling neutral about it, to really strongly supporting it and being appalled that they're not.I can understand why publishers wanted to include it, but I thought the chapter on the Penn State scandal doesn't quite belong here. That's not about politics, that's about crime. That should be in a book that also looks at why Ben Roethlisberger is still playing football. And this is a real nitpick, but social justice and politics are used very interchangeably throughout, and that's really not right. Obviously, it's easy to do because there's so much overlap, but there are some nuances about social justice movements and activism that are important to understand.And in closing, I don't love the book's title. The game isn't over, that's the whole point. It's not as if politics shut down athletics. I'm sure there's a sports phrase that would work just as well and be more appropriate to the subject matter.