Site Me Changes News support on
/docs/bitcoin/ Directory Listing
"Out of the Dark: The Effect of Law Enforcement Actions on Cryptocurrency Market Prices", Abramova & Bohme 2021
"Emergence and Structure of Decentralised Trade Networks around Dark Web Marketplaces", Nadini et al 2021
"How to Not Get Caught When You Launder Money on Blockchain?", Akcora et al 2020
"Bootstrapping the Blockchain, With Applications to Consensus and Fast PKI Setup", Garay et al 2018
"Difficulties of Timestamping Archived Web Pages", Aturban et al 2017
"KopperCoin - A Distributed File Storage With Financial Incentives", Kopp et al 2016
"What Satoshi Did Not Know", Andresen 2015
"Decentralized Trusted Timestamping Using the Crypto Currency Bitcoin", Gipp et al 2015
"An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System", Reid & Harrigan 2011
"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", Nakamoto 2009
"A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy", Shirky 2005
"True Nyms and Crypto Anarchy", May 1996
"Momentum Accounting and Managerial Goals on Impulses", Ijiri 1988
"Triple-Entry Bookkeeping and Income Momentum", Ijiri 1982
"Paciolo on Accounting,", Brown & Johnston 1963
"Studies in the History of Accounting", Littleton & Yamey 1956
"Origin and Evolution of Double Entry Bookkeeping: A Study of Italian Practice from the Fourteenth Century", Peragallo 1938
bitcoin /​ ​ ​nashx
bitcoin /​ ​ ​pirateat40
2021-abramova.pdf: "Out of the Dark: The Effect of Law Enforcement Actions on Cryptocurrency Market Prices"⁠, Svetlana Abramova, Rainer Bohme (2021-12-01; economics⁠, silk-road):
The susceptibility of cryptocurrencies to criminal activity is a vigorously debated issue of high policy relevance. Not only the share of cryptocurrency turnover linked to crime is unknown, also the question which of several cryptocurrencies are prevalent on the darknet, and hence should be prioritized in building analytical capability for law enforcement, calls for empirical research.
Using the event study methodology, we estimate the market reaction on cryptocurrency exchanges to news about successful law enforcement actions of systemic relevance for the cybercriminal ecosystem. The events studied include seizures of darknet marketplaces and shutdowns of cybercriminal data centers and mixers.
Although the number of relevant events is still small, we observe statistically-significant cumulative abnormal returns to such news over the past years.
We cautiously interpret the obtained results by cryptocurrency and direction of the effect, and derive implications for future research and policy.
[Keywords: cryptocurrency, darknet market⁠, event study, law enforcement]
"Emergence and structure of decentralised trade networks around dark web marketplaces"⁠, Matthieu Nadini, Alberto Bracci, Abeer ElBahrawy, Philip Gradwell, Alexander Teytelboym, Andrea Baronchelli, et al (2021-11-02; silk-road):
Dark web marketplaces (DWMs) are online platforms that facilitate illicit trade among millions of users generating billions of dollars in annual revenue. Recently, two interview-based studies have suggested that DWMs may also promote the emergence of direct user-to-user (U2U) trading relationships. Here, we quantify the scale of, and thoroughly investigate, U2U trading around DWMs by analysing 31 million Bitcoin transactions among users of 40 DWMs between June 2011 and Jan 2021. We find that half of the DWM users trade through U2U pairs generating a total trading volume greater than DWMs themselves. We then show that hundreds of thousands of DWM users form stable trading pairs that are persistent over time. Users in stable pairs are typically the ones with the largest trading volume on DWMs. Then, we show that new U2U pairs often form while both users are active on the same DWM, suggesting the marketplace may serve as a catalyst for new direct trading relationships. Finally, we reveal that stable U2U pairs tend to survive DWM closures and that they were not affected by COVID-19, indicating that their trading activity is resilient to external shocks. Our work unveils sophisticated patterns of trade emerging in the dark web and highlights the importance of investigating user behaviour beyond the immediate buyer-seller network on a single marketplace.
"How to Not Get Caught When You Launder Money on Blockchain?"⁠, Cuneyt G. Akcora, Sudhanva Purusotham, Yulia R. Gel, Mitchell Krawiec-Thayer, Murat Kantarcioglu (2020-09-22; silk-road; backlinks):
The number of blockchain users has tremendously grown in recent years. As an unintended consequence, e-crime transactions on blockchains has been on the rise. Consequently, public blockchains have become a hotbed of research for developing AI tools to detect and trace users and transactions that are related to e-crime.
We argue that following a few select strategies can make money laundering on blockchain virtually undetectable with most of the existing tools and algorithms. As a result, the effective combating of e-crime activities involving cryptocurrencies requires the development of novel analytic methodology in AI.
2018-garay.pdf: "Bootstrapping the Blockchain, with Applications to Consensus and Fast PKI Setup"⁠, Juan A. Garay, Aggelos Kiayias, Nikos Leonardos, Giorgos Panagiotakos (2018-01-01)
"Difficulties of Timestamping Archived Web Pages"⁠, Mohamed Aturban, Michael L. Nelson, Michele C. Weigle (2017-12-08; backlinks):
We show that state-of-the-art services for creating trusted timestamps in blockchain-based networks do not adequately allow for timestamping of web pages. They accept data by value (eg. images and text), but not by reference (eg. URIs of web pages). Also, we discuss difficulties in repeatedly generating the same cryptographic hash value of an archived web page. We then introduce several requirements to be fulfilled in order to produce repeatable hash values for archived web pages.
2016-kopp.pdf: "KopperCoin - A Distributed File Storage with Financial Incentives"⁠, Henning Kopp, Christoph Bösch, Frank Kargl (2016-01-01)
2015-andresen.pdf: "What Satoshi Did Not Know"⁠, Gavin Andresen (2015-07-16; backlinks):
[Invited keynote at International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2015]
When Bitcoin was invented six years ago (cf.8), Barack Obama had just been inaugurated president and Lady Gaga had just released her first big single. If you are 20 years old, that probably seems like forever ago. If you are 48 like me, that seems like not all that long ago. I first heard about Bitcoin in 2010, and was attracted to it because it combined economics, peer-to-peer networking and crypto in a really interesting way.
I'm going to talk about what we have learned over the last six years. Satoshi knew a lot, but he wasn't omniscient—I think there were a lot of things, both big and small, that he didn't know when he was inventing Bitcoin. I will finish by talking about some things that I think we still do not know.
[What he did not know:
would Bitcoin bootstrap? Would it be used for anti-email spam?
was it legal?
how people would attack Bitcoin for no particular reason, with silly things like sending spam transactions back and forth
formal cryptography like Schnorr signatures or Lamport signatures, or cutting-edge cryptographic research on anonymity (or future developments in homomorphic encryption & SNARKs or ZK-SNARKs)
formal validity of transactions: validity and semantic meaning
how to scale Bitcoin to large numbers of transaction]
"Decentralized Trusted Timestamping using the Crypto Currency Bitcoin"⁠, Bela Gipp, Norman Meuschke, André Gernandt (2015-02-13; backlinks):
Trusted timestamping is a process for proving that certain information existed at a given point in time. This paper presents a trusted timestamping concept and its implementation in form of a web-based service that uses the decentralized Bitcoin block chain to store anonymous, tamper-proof timestamps for digital content. The service allows users to hash files, such as text, photos or videos, and store the created hashes in the Bitcoin block chain. Users can then retrieve and verify the timestamps that have been committed to the block chain. The non-commercial service enables anyone, eg. researchers, authors, journalists, students, or artists, to prove that they were in possession of certain information at a given point in time. Common use cases include proving that a contract has been signed, a photo taken, a video recorded, or a task completed prior to a certain date. All procedures maintain complete privacy of the user's data.
"An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System"⁠, Fergal Reid, Martin Harrigan (2011-07-22; silk-road; backlinks):
Anonymity in Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic currency system, is a complicated issue. Within the system, users are identified by public-keys only. An attacker wishing to de-anonymize its users will attempt to construct the one-to-many mapping between users and public-keys and associate information external to the system with the users. Bitcoin tries to prevent this attack by storing the mapping of a user to his or her public-keys on that user's node only and by allowing each user to generate as many public-keys as required. In this chapter we consider the topological structure of two networks derived from Bitcoin's public transaction history. We show that the two networks have a non-trivial topological structure, provide complementary views of the Bitcoin system and have implications for anonymity. We combine these structures with external information and techniques such as context discovery and flow analysis to investigate an alleged theft of Bitcoins, which, at the time of the theft, had a market value of approximately half a million U.S. dollars.
2009-nakamoto.pdf: "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"⁠, Satoshi Nakamoto (2009-03-24; backlinks):
A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending⁠. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work. The longest chain not only serves as proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from the largest pool of CPU power. As long as a majority of CPU power is controlled by nodes that are not cooperating to attack the network, they'll generate the longest chain and outpace attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure. Messages are broadcast on a best effort basis, and nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the longest proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone.
2005-shirky-agroupisitsownworstenemy.pdf: "A Group is Its Own Worst Enemy"⁠, Clay Shirky (2005-01-01; technology⁠, wikipedia; backlinks):
…We had new applications like the Web, email, instant messaging, and bulletin boards, all of which were about humans communicating with one another through software. Now, suddenly, when you create software, it isn't sufficient to think about making it possible to communicate; you have to think about making communication socially successful. In the age of usability, technical design decisions had to be taken to make software easier for a mass audience to use; in the age of social software, design decisions must be taken to make social groups survive and thrive and meet the goals of the group even when they contradict the goals of the individual. A discussion group designed by a usability expert might be optimized to make it easy to post spam about Viagra. But in social software design it's pretty obvious that the goal is to make certain things harder, not easier, and if you can make it downright impossible to post spam, you've done your job. Features need to be designed to make the group successful, not the individual.
Today, hardly anybody really studies how to design software for human-to-human interaction. The field of social software design is in its infancy. In fact, we're not even at the point yet where the software developers developing social software realize that they need to think about the sociology and the anthropology of the group that will be using their software, so many of them just throw things together and allow themselves to be surprised by the social interactions that develop around their software. Clay Shirky has been a pioneer in this field, and his talk "A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy" will be remembered as a watershed in the widespread realization that in this new era, sociology and anthropology are just as crucial to software design as usability was in the last. —Joel Spolsky
People who work on social software are closer in spirit to economists and political scientists than they are to people making compilers. They both look like programming, but when you're dealing with groups of people as one of your run-time phenomena, that is an incredibly different practice. In the political realm, we would call these kinds of crises a constitutional crisis. It's what happens when the tension between the individual and the group, and the rights and responsibilities of individuals and groups, gets so serious that something has to be done. And the worst crisis is the first crisis, because it's not just "We need to have some rules." It's also "We need to have some rules for making some rules." And this is what we see over and over again in large and long-lived social software systems. Constitutions are a necessary component of large, long-lived, heterogeneous groups. "The likelihood that any unmoderated group will eventually get into a flame-war about whether or not to have a moderator approaches one as time increases." As a group commits to its existence as a group, and begins to think that the group is good or important, the chance that they will begin to call for additional structure, in order to defend themselves from themselves, gets very, very high.
You cannot completely separate technical and social issues
Members [power users] are different than users.
The core group has rights that trump individual rights in some situations.
…if you don't accept them upfront, they'll happen to you anyway. And then you'll end up writing one of those documents that says "Oh, we launched this and we tried it, and then the users came along and did all these weird things. And now we're documenting it so future ages won't make this mistake."
…If you were going to build a piece of social software to support large and long-lived groups, what would you design for? The first thing you would design for is handles the user can invest in.
you have to design a way for there to be members in good standing. Have to design some way in which good works get recognized. The minimal way is, posts appear with identity. You can do more sophisticated things like having formal karma or "member since."
Three, you need barriers to participation. This is one of the things that killed Usenet⁠. You have to have some cost to either join or participate, if not at the lowest level, then at higher levels. There needs to be some kind of segmentation of capabilities.
And, finally, you have to find a way to spare the group from scale. Scale alone kills conversations, because conversations require dense two-way conversations.
1996-may.pdf: "True Nyms and Crypto Anarchy"⁠, Timothy C. May (1996-01-01)
1988-ijiri.pdf: "Momentum Accounting and Managerial Goals on Impulses"⁠, Yuji Ijiri (1988-02-01):
Conventional accounting measures wealth W (assets and liabilities) and accounts for its net change, W(t + 1) − W(t), by means of income Δ_W(t), classified into various revenue and expense items. Proposed "momentum accounting" measures income momentum Ẇ = dW/​​dt (time rate at which income is being earned at a given point in time) and accounts for its net change, Ẇ(t + 1) − Ẇ(t), by means of impulses ΔẆ(t). Here the impulses, a term borrowed from the momentum-impulse principle in mechanics, are classified into various factors, internal or external to the enterprise, that contributed to the momentum change. If conventional accounting is viewed as focusing on an odometer of a car, momentum accounting is analogous to focusing on its speedometer and attributing the change in its reading to impulses that are judged to be responsible for the change. This paper proposes impulse-based managerial goals as a substitute for currently popular income-based managerial goals, discussing problems associated with the latter that highlights short-term income achievements and that tends to reward management for the momentum created by their predecessors as it is realized as income by the mere passage of time.
1982-ijiri-tripleentrybookkeepingandincomemomentum.pdf: "Triple-Entry Bookkeeping and Income Momentum"⁠, Yuji Ijiri (1982-01-01)
1963-brown-pacioloonaccounting.pdf: "Paciolo on Accounting,"⁠, R. Gene Brown, Kenneth S. Johnston (1963-01-01)
1956-littleton-studiesinthehistoryofaccounting.pdf: "Studies in the History of Accounting"⁠, A. C. Littleton, B. S. Yamey (1956-01-01)
1938-peragallo-originandevolutionofdoubleentrybookkeeping.pdf: "Origin and Evolution of Double Entry Bookkeeping: A Study of Italian Practice from the Fourteenth Century"⁠, Edward Peragallo (1938-01-01)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phXohYF0xGo (backlinks)
https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-eureka-moment-that-made-bitcoin-possible-1527268025 (backlinks)
https://www.theverge.com/a/virtual-reality/oral_history (backlinks)
https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/6/4295028/report-satoshi-nakamoto (backlinks)
https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/04/bitcoins_in_the.html (backlinks)
https://www.proofofexistence.com/ (backlinks)
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/14/technology/14search.html (backlinks)
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/12/13/half-a-billion-in-bitcoin-lost-in-the-dump
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/10/the-crypto-currency (backlinks)
https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2015-January/024453.html (backlinks)
https://www.mail-archive.com/cryptography@metzdowd.com/msg10015.html (backlinks)
https://www.links.org/files/decentralised-currencies.pdf (backlinks)
https://www.links.org/?p=1171#comment-415465 (backlinks)
https://www.links.org/?p=1171 (backlinks)
https://www.lesswrong.com/r/discussion/lw/jgz/aalwa_ask_any_lesswronger_anything/apb5?context=1#apb5 (backlinks)
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ijr8rsyvJci2edxot/making-money-with-bitcoin?commentId=hbEu9ue9eymNzaF2J (backlinks)
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/P9jggxRZTMJcjnaPw/bitcoins-are-not-digital-greenbacks?commentId=X6CxSxC9YnACsztC5 (backlinks)
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/P9jggxRZTMJcjnaPw/bitcoins-are-not-digital-greenbacks?commentId=3XvTroRzb23NpHQDc (backlinks)
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/let-s-be-clear-i-didn-t-invent-bitcoin-1.614532 (backlinks)
https://www.irishcentral.com/news/the-secret-irishman-likely-behind-bitcoin-the-internet-currency-code-131039168-237415801 (backlinks)
https://www.iacr.org/archive/crypto2011/68410001/68410001.pdf (backlinks)
https://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/03/25/satoshi-nakamotos-neighbor-the-bitcoin-ghostwriter-who-wasnt/ (backlinks)
https://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2013-G001.html (backlinks)
https://www.devever.net/~hl/growupdown (backlinks)
https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~mohammad/files/papers/11%20TimeLock.pdf (backlinks)
https://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb/blog/2017-12/2017-12-30.html (backlinks)
https://www.businessinsider.com/dan-kaminsky-highlights-flaws-bitcoin-2013-4 (backlinks)
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1Ku8r4UWbPDwSnDSszYY3NiikWyFi1z9by (backlinks)
https://www.bitstein.org/blog/nick-szabo-the-computer-science-of-crypto-currency/ (backlinks)
https://www.amazon.com/Farewell-Alms-Economic-History-Princeton/dp/0691141282/ (philosophy; backlinks)
https://www.amazon.com/Best-American-Science-Nature-Writing/dp/0547799535/ (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20180624093746/http://www.ds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~victor/bitcoin.html (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20160921140955/http://szabo.best.vwh.net/shell.html (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20130401125519/http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/105346-bitcoin-may-be-the-global-economys-last-safe-haven (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20130119042610/http://bitcoinweekly.com/articles/bitcoin-is-worse-is-better (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20120229183459/http://www.itmanagement.com/features/columbia-river-security-risk-062507/ (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183036/http://www.canada.com/Bitcoins+create+truly+democratic+policy+followers/5144669/story.html (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20110726151220/http://www.hightechforum.org/bitcoins-a-crypto-geek-ponzi-scheme/ (backlinks)
https://web.archive.org/web/20110724123419/szabo.best.vwh.net/bearer_contracts.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20100328082632/http://www.rpow.net/
https://web.archive.org/web/20091026234156/http://geocities.com/currintrading/
https://web.archive.org/web/20091021193732/http://geocities.com/currintrading/bank.html
https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/09/14/prehistory.html (backlinks)
https://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2017/02/money-blockchains-and-social-scalability.html (backlinks)
https://tzstamp.io/ (backlinks)
https://thomasbarker.com/13/06/bitcoin-little-slice-future-shock (backlinks)
https://themonetaryfuture.blogspot.com/2011/05/bitcoin-timing-is-everything.html?showComment=1306860158361#c6958602700376442348 (backlinks)
https://theintercept.com/2018/11/23/bitcoin-gift-card-trading-scams/
https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/11/bitcoin/
https://static.aminer.org/pdf/PDF/000/224/334/multihave_the_extension_of_peer_protocol_in_bittorrent_system.pdf (backlinks)
https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/code/HEAD/tree/ (backlinks)
https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/menger/money.txt (backlinks)
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9hEhCHYAAAAJ&oi=ao (backlinks)
https://runescape.fandom.com/wiki/Scams#Doubling_money (backlinks)
https://qz.com/1028528/custos-startup-uses-bitcoin-bounties-to-make-pirates-rat-on-one-another/ (backlinks)
https://psyarxiv.com/fa4wz/ (statistics /​ ​ ​bias)
https://predictionbook.com/predictions/2686 (backlinks)
https://predictionbook.com/predictions/24016 (backlinks)
https://petertodd.org/2017/carbon-dating-the-internet-archive-with-opentimestamps (backlinks)
https://petertodd.org/2016/opentimestamps-announcement (backlinks)
https://originstamp.com/s/7306a744a285474742f4f9ae8ddae8214fb7625348d578fb3077fb0bae92b8f1 (backlinks)
https://originstamp.com/git_post_commit (backlinks)
https://originstamp.com/ (backlinks)
https://old.reddit.com/r/slatestarcodex/comments/7monod/bitcoinisworseisbetter/ (backlinks)
https://old.reddit.com/r/onions/comments/1euxp4/so_does_this_work_or_is_it_a_scam/ (backlinks)
https://old.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/hlu9l/bitcoin_is_worse_is_better/ (backlinks)
https://old.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/9xet9l/bitcoin_is_worse_is_better_blog_post_by_gwern/ (backlinks)
https://old.reddit.com/r/Anarchism/comments/hdf2t/so_i_guess_bitcoin_is_probably_a_mutualists_wet/c1uobdl (backlinks)
https://old.reddit.com/r/Anarchism/comments/hdf2t/so_i_guess_bitcoin_is_probably_a_mutualists_wet/c1ulirk (backlinks)
https://nitter.hu/ShitcoinSherpa/status/984484032347074561 (backlinks)
https://nitter.hu/GeorgeOu (backlinks)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7521462 (backlinks)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26649343 (backlinks)
https://medium.com/coinmonks/nfts-101-why-nfts-are-a-generational-innovation-4626ae803e3b (psychology /​ ​ ​collecting)
https://medium.com/@nic__carter/bitcoin-bites-the-bullet-8005a2a62d29 (backlinks)
https://magazine.atavist.com/an-arrogant-way-of-killing/ (crime⁠, technology)
https://jbonneau.com/doc/BM14-SPW-fawkescoin.pdf (backlinks)
https://iterative.capital/thesis/ (backlinks)
https://iang.org/papers/triple_entry.html (backlinks)
https://globalguerrillas.typepad.com/globalguerrillas/2011/06/more-thoughts-on-bitcoin.html (backlinks)
https://github.com/matja/bitcoin-tool (backlinks)
https://github.com/cgwalters/git-evtag (backlinks)
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/5286 (backlinks)
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin (backlinks)
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks (backlinks)
https://gist.github.com/anonymous/1005927/4836d6231566bebd766966c7689c4094c1296700 (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet_encryption (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Thin_Client_Security (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Securing_your_wallet (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Proof_of_Stake (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Mixing_service (silk-road; backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Mining (silk-road; backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block (silk-road; backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Anonymity#Staying_Anonymous (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Anonymity (backlinks)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Alpaca (backlinks)
https://electrum.org/ (backlinks)
https://dreamsongs.com/WorseIsBetter.html
https://docs.originstamp.com/ (backlinks)
https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pid/59/3099.html (backlinks)
https://darkrunescape.fandom.com/wiki/Doubling_money_scam (backlinks)
https://da-data.blogspot.com/2014/08/minting-money-with-monero-and-cpu.html (backlinks)
https://cryptome.org/jya/nsamint.htm (backlinks)
https://cryptome.org/0005/bitcoin-who.pdf (backlinks)
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.83.7634&rep=rep1&type=pdf (backlinks)
https://ciphron.netsoc.ie/clarif.html (backlinks)
https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2013/04/11/zerocoin-making-bitcoin-anonymous/ (prediction; backlinks)
https://blockchain.info/tx/4e4364800426f6d601afeb1d1f34f1b93c6e599e7cb6e496416958a3364630bf (backlinks)
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99631.0 (backlinks)
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46652.msg557948#msg557948 (backlinks)
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=15672.msg1873483#msg1873483 (backlinks)
https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Oral_History/Lampson_Butler/102658024.05.01.pdf (backlinks)
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/11/mf_bitcoin/all/1 (silk-road; backlinks)
http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt (backlinks)
http://www.weidai.com/ (backlinks)
http://www.slideshare.net/dakami/bitcoin-8776098 (backlinks)
http://www.paulgraham.com/spam.html (backlinks)
http://www.math.columbia.edu/~bayer/papers/Timestamp_BHS93.pdf (backlinks)
http://www.links.org/?p=1175 (backlinks)
http://www.hotelchatter.com/story/2011/11/1/123142/269/hotels/Could_You_Be_Paying_for_Your_Next_Hotel_Stay_in_Bitcoin%3F (backlinks)
http://www.forbes.com/sites/timothylee/2013/03/19/new-money-laundering-guidelines-are-a-positive-sign-for-bitcoin/ (backlinks)
http://www.fastcompany.com/1785445/bitcoin-crypto-currency-mystery-reopened (backlinks)
http://www.fastcompany.com/1748331/google-sinks-100-million-into-worlds-largest-wind-project (backlinks)
http://www.facebook.com/kevin.groce (backlinks)
http://www.dreamsongs.com/WorseIsBetter.html (backlinks)
http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/ (backlinks)
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rnc1/proofwork.pdf (modafinil; backlinks)
http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/squarezooko (backlinks)
http://web.archive.org/web/20110724123419/szabo.best.vwh.net/bearer_contracts.html (backlinks)
http://web.archive.org/web/20100328082632/http://www.rpow.net/ (backlinks)
http://web.archive.org/web/20091026234156/http://geocities.com/currintrading/ (backlinks)
http://web.archive.org/web/20091021193732/http://geocities.com/currintrading/bank.html (backlinks)
http://vili.lehdonvirta.com/ (backlinks)
http://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2011/05/bitcoin-what-took-ye-so-long.html#645549516398219986 (backlinks)
http://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2011/05/bitcoin-what-took-ye-so-long.html (backlinks)
http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/11/bitcoin/ (backlinks)
http://p2pfoundation.ning.com/forum/topics/bitcoin-open-source (backlinks)
http://netecon.seas.harvard.edu/P2PEcon03.html/Papers/Vishnumurthy_03.pdf (backlinks)
http://lists.langara.bc.ca/mailman/listinfo/libtech-l (backlinks)
http://koeln.ccc.de/archiv/cyphernomicon/chapter12/12.6.html (backlinks)
http://kayapo.tribler.org/trac/raw-attachment/wiki/ExistingReputationSystems/KARMA,%20A%20Secure%20Economic%20Framework%20for%20Peer-to-Peer%20Resource%20Sharing.pdf
http://freehaven.net/anonbib/topic.html (backlinks)
http://culubas.blogspot.com/2011/05/timejacking-bitcoin_802.html (backlinks)
http://crypto.stanford.edu/~xb/fc12/bitcoin.pdf (backlinks)
http://crl.anf.es/pdf/Haber_Stornetta.pdf (backlinks)
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article5434660.ece (backlinks)
http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/xerox/parc/techReports/ISL-83-1_A_Retrospective_on_the_Dorado_A_High-Performance_Personal_Computer.pdf (backlinks)
http://betabeat.com/2011/07/another-midtown-restaurant-hudson-eatery-now-accepts-bitcoin/ (backlinks)
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-12/news/29410039_1_energy-projects-solar-energy-clean-energy (backlinks)
http://andrewbadr.com/log/11/anonymizing-bitcoin/ (backlinks)
Bakewell (ai⁠, cat⁠, genetics /​ ​ ​selection /​ ​ ​index-selection⁠, history⁠, philosophy /​ ​ ​epistemology⁠, sociology⁠, statistics /​ ​ ​decision; backlinks)
2016-edgar-hardforks.html
2014-smithset.pdf (backlinks)
2014-mccaleb (prediction; backlinks)
2013-moorechristin-bitcoinexchanges.csv
2013-12-12-gwern-blackmail.html (backlinks)
2013-04-05-zooko-bitcoin.html (backlinks)
2011-davis (prediction⁠, silk-road; backlinks)
2011-07-12-barnes-bitcoin.html (backlinks)
20081003-nakamoto-bitcoindraft.pdf (backlinks)
2008-nakamoto (backlinks)
1991-haber.pdf
1986-ijiri.pdf
1978-peters.pdf
1965-goldberg-aninquiryintothenatureofaccounting.pdf
Timing (ai⁠, economics /​ ​ ​automation⁠, psychology /​ ​ ​novelty⁠, reinforcement-learning /​ ​ ​exploration⁠, sociology⁠, technology; backlinks)
Timestamping (linkrot; backlinks)
Silk-Road (cs⁠, math⁠, modafinil⁠, nootropic⁠, prediction⁠, psychedelic⁠, silk-road⁠, statistics /​ ​ ​survival-analysis; backlinks)
Self-decrypting-files (anime⁠, cs; backlinks)
Scaling-hypothesis (ai /​ ​ ​gpt⁠, /​ ​ ​scaling⁠, sociology; backlinks)
Death-Note-Anonymity (anime⁠, silk-road⁠, statistics /​ ​ ​bayes⁠, technology; backlinks)
Bitcoin-is-Worse-is-Better (cs⁠, silk-road⁠, technology; backlinks)
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