Chapter 48 - Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
from Section 6 - Systemic Disorders That Also Involve the Cerebrovascular System
By Manu Mehdiratta, Louis R. Caplan
Edited by Louis Caplan, José Biller
Book: Uncommon Causes of Stroke
Published online: 15 June 2018
Print publication: 05 July 2018, pp 378-380
44 - CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME
from PART V: - SYSTEMIC DISORDERS THAT ALSO INVOLVE THE CEREBROVASCULAR SYSTEM
Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Julien Bogousslavsky
Print publication: 09 October 2008, pp 331-334
This chapter explores the relationship of stroke with Susac's syndrome. In Susac's syndrome, diagnostic signs involve the retina. Fundoscopic examination shows arteriolar occlusions with narrowing of arterioles, as well as signs of other ischemic changes in the affected vascular area, such as edema and increased vascular permeability. Fluorescein angiography is often helpful in showing the vascular occlusions and leaking into the retina. Magnetic resonace imaging (MRI) is the neuroimaging study of choice and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) a sensitive sequence for detecting lesions of Susac's syndrome as well as to show their heterogeneity. Small-vessel diseases are responsible for a large amount of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes as well as encephalopathies including Susac's syndrome. Misdiagnoses include multiple sclerosis, but differential diagnosis must be done with all causes of multifocal neurologic symptoms with hearing and/or visual loss. Calcium channel blockers (nimodipine), anticoagulants, and aspirin may be useful in treatment.
66 - CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS
from PART VII: - VENOUS OCCLUSIVE CONDITIONS
By Manu Mehdiratta, Sandeep Kumar, Magdy Selim, Louis R. Caplan
The epidermal nevus syndrome refers to the association of any epidermal nevus with extracutaneous abnormalities. The most common extracutaneous abnormalities are neurologic, skeletal, and ocular, although other organs may also be involved. Widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in an increasing appreciation of the role of cortical malformations in patients with neurological symptoms. Strokes and vascular abnormalities have been reported in patients with the epidermal nevus syndrome. Arteriovenous malformations and leptomeningeal angiomas have been found in some patients with the epidermal nevus syndrome. Generally, the diagnosis of an epidermal nevus is not in doubt. If there are any doubts, a skin biopsy should be obtained. Treatment of the nevus with dermabrasion, diathermy, laser treatment, and cryotherapy is associated with a fairly high risk of recurrence of the nevus. Focal resection of the epidermal nevus before puberty is advised because of the increased risk of tumor development.
By Harold P. Adams, Colum F. Amory, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer, Irena Anselm, Marcel Arnold, Robert W. Baloh, Ralf W. Baumgartner, José Biller, Valérie Biousse, Matthias Bischof, Julien Bogousslavsky, Natan M. Bornstein, Marie Germaine Bousser, Robin L. Brey, John C. M. Brust, Alan Bryer, Olivier Calvetti, Louis R. Caplan, José Castillo, Hugues Chabriat, Chin-Sang Chung, Charlotte Cordonnier, Steven C. Cramer, Luís Cunha, Rima M. Dafer, John F. Dashe, Cyrus K. Dastur, Antonio Dávalos, Larry E. Davis, Patricia Davis, Stephen M. Davis, Jan L. De Bleecker, Michael A. De Georgia, Amir R. Dehdashti, Oscar H. Del Brutto, Jacques L. De Reuck, Hans-Christoph Diener, Kathleen B. Digre, Vivian U. Fritz, Nancy Futrell, Bhuwan P. Garg, Philip B. Gorelick, Glenn D. Graham, Alexander Y. Gur, John J. Halperin, Michael Hennerici, Isabel Lestro Henriques, Roberto C. Heros, Daniel B. Hier, Lorenz Hirt, Joanna C. Jen, Taro Kaibara, Sumit Kapoor, Sarosh M. Katrak, Siddharth Kharkar, Walter J. Koroshetz, Monisha Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Emre Kumral, Tobias Kurth, Rogelio Leira, Steven R. Levine, Didier Leys, Doris Lin, Jonathan Lipton, Alfredo M. Lopez-Yunez, Betsy B. Love, Ayrton Roberto Massaro, Heinrich P. Mattle, Manu Mehdiratta, John H. Menkes, Philippe Metellus, Reto Meuli, Patrik Michel, Panayiotis Mitsias, Jorge Moncayo-Gaete, Julien Morier, Krassen Nedeltchev, Bernhard Neundörfer, Olukemi A. Olugemo, Nikolaos I. H. Papamitsakis, Stephen D. Reck, Luca Regli, Marc D. Reichhart, Daniele Rigamonti, Michael J. Rivkin, E. Steve Roach, Jose F. Roldan, David Z. Rose, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, N. Paul Rosman, Elayna O. Rubens, Sean I. Savitz, Marc Schapira, Robert J. Schwartzman, Magdy Selim, Yukito Shinohara, Aneesh B. Singhal, Michael A. Sloan, Barney J. Stern, Mathias Sturzenegger, Oriana Thompson, A. Wesley Thevathasan, Jonathan D. Trobe, Michael Varner, Dana Védy, Jorge Vidaurre, Engin Y. Yilmaz, Khaled Zamel, Mathieu Zuber
Print publication: 09 October 2008, pp ix-xiv