Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: Variables predicting community or secure provision
Derek Carson, William R. Lindsay, Gregory O'Brien, Anthony J. Holland, John L. Taylor, Jessica R. Wheeler, Claire Middleton, Karen Price, Lesley Steptoe, Susan Johnston
Background: There is a need for research to promote an understanding among service developers on why people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are referred to offender services in order for them to receive appropriate assessment and treatment. Previous studies investigating referrals into forensic ID services have concentrated on referral sources and administrative variables such as legal status. Aims: To construct a predictive model for choice of service referral based on a comprehensive range of information about the clientele. Method: We conducted a case record study of 336 people referred to community services and 141 to secure provision. We gathered information on referral source, demographics, diagnosis, index behaviour, prior problem behaviours and history of abuse. Results: Comparisons revealed 19 candidate variables which were then entered into multivariate logistic regression. The resulting model retained six variables: community living at time of referral, physical aggression, being charged, referral from tertiary health care, diverse problem behaviour and IQ < 50, which correctly predicted the referral pathway for 85.7% of cases. Conclusions: An index act of physical aggression and a history of diversity of problem behaviours as predictors against the likelihood of community service referral suggest that professionals have similar concerns about people with ID as they do about their more average offending peers; however, the more severe levels of ID mitigated in favour of community referral, regardless. Offenders with ID tend to be referred within levels of service rather than between them, for example, form tertiary services into generic community services.
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.755
10.1002/cbm.755
Dive into the research topics of 'Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: Variables predicting community or secure provision'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
intellectual disability Social Sciences 84%
Intellectual Disability Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
Referral and Consultation Medicine & Life Sciences 62%
community service Social Sciences 45%
Social Welfare Medicine & Life Sciences 33%
Problem Behavior Medicine & Life Sciences 29%
Carson, D., Lindsay, W. R., O'Brien, G., Holland, A. J., Taylor, J. L., Wheeler, J. R., Middleton, C., Price, K., Steptoe, L., & Johnston, S. (2010). Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: Variables predicting community or secure provision. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 20(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.755
Carson, Derek ; Lindsay, William R. ; O'Brien, Gregory et al. / Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities : Variables predicting community or secure provision. In: Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. 2010 ; Vol. 20, No. 1. pp. 39-50.
@article{86e391248a7d42bfb793dce0c599ae71,
title = "Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: Variables predicting community or secure provision",
abstract = "Background: There is a need for research to promote an understanding among service developers on why people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are referred to offender services in order for them to receive appropriate assessment and treatment. Previous studies investigating referrals into forensic ID services have concentrated on referral sources and administrative variables such as legal status. Aims: To construct a predictive model for choice of service referral based on a comprehensive range of information about the clientele. Method: We conducted a case record study of 336 people referred to community services and 141 to secure provision. We gathered information on referral source, demographics, diagnosis, index behaviour, prior problem behaviours and history of abuse. Results: Comparisons revealed 19 candidate variables which were then entered into multivariate logistic regression. The resulting model retained six variables: community living at time of referral, physical aggression, being charged, referral from tertiary health care, diverse problem behaviour and IQ < 50, which correctly predicted the referral pathway for 85.7% of cases. Conclusions: An index act of physical aggression and a history of diversity of problem behaviours as predictors against the likelihood of community service referral suggest that professionals have similar concerns about people with ID as they do about their more average offending peers; however, the more severe levels of ID mitigated in favour of community referral, regardless. Offenders with ID tend to be referred within levels of service rather than between them, for example, form tertiary services into generic community services.",
author = "Derek Carson and Lindsay, {William R.} and Gregory O'Brien and Holland, {Anthony J.} and Taylor, {John L.} and Wheeler, {Jessica R.} and Claire Middleton and Karen Price and Lesley Steptoe and Susan Johnston",
doi = "10.1002/cbm.755",
journal = "Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health",
Carson, D, Lindsay, WR, O'Brien, G, Holland, AJ, Taylor, JL, Wheeler, JR, Middleton, C, Price, K, Steptoe, L & Johnston, S 2010, 'Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: Variables predicting community or secure provision', Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.755
Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities : Variables predicting community or secure provision. / Carson, Derek; Lindsay, William R.; O'Brien, Gregory et al.
In: Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, Vol. 20, No. 1, 01.02.2010, p. 39-50.
T1 - Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities
T2 - Variables predicting community or secure provision
AU - Carson, Derek
AU - Lindsay, William R.
AU - O'Brien, Gregory
AU - Holland, Anthony J.
AU - Taylor, John L.
AU - Wheeler, Jessica R.
AU - Middleton, Claire
AU - Price, Karen
AU - Steptoe, Lesley
AU - Johnston, Susan
N2 - Background: There is a need for research to promote an understanding among service developers on why people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are referred to offender services in order for them to receive appropriate assessment and treatment. Previous studies investigating referrals into forensic ID services have concentrated on referral sources and administrative variables such as legal status. Aims: To construct a predictive model for choice of service referral based on a comprehensive range of information about the clientele. Method: We conducted a case record study of 336 people referred to community services and 141 to secure provision. We gathered information on referral source, demographics, diagnosis, index behaviour, prior problem behaviours and history of abuse. Results: Comparisons revealed 19 candidate variables which were then entered into multivariate logistic regression. The resulting model retained six variables: community living at time of referral, physical aggression, being charged, referral from tertiary health care, diverse problem behaviour and IQ < 50, which correctly predicted the referral pathway for 85.7% of cases. Conclusions: An index act of physical aggression and a history of diversity of problem behaviours as predictors against the likelihood of community service referral suggest that professionals have similar concerns about people with ID as they do about their more average offending peers; however, the more severe levels of ID mitigated in favour of community referral, regardless. Offenders with ID tend to be referred within levels of service rather than between them, for example, form tertiary services into generic community services.
AB - Background: There is a need for research to promote an understanding among service developers on why people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are referred to offender services in order for them to receive appropriate assessment and treatment. Previous studies investigating referrals into forensic ID services have concentrated on referral sources and administrative variables such as legal status. Aims: To construct a predictive model for choice of service referral based on a comprehensive range of information about the clientele. Method: We conducted a case record study of 336 people referred to community services and 141 to secure provision. We gathered information on referral source, demographics, diagnosis, index behaviour, prior problem behaviours and history of abuse. Results: Comparisons revealed 19 candidate variables which were then entered into multivariate logistic regression. The resulting model retained six variables: community living at time of referral, physical aggression, being charged, referral from tertiary health care, diverse problem behaviour and IQ < 50, which correctly predicted the referral pathway for 85.7% of cases. Conclusions: An index act of physical aggression and a history of diversity of problem behaviours as predictors against the likelihood of community service referral suggest that professionals have similar concerns about people with ID as they do about their more average offending peers; however, the more severe levels of ID mitigated in favour of community referral, regardless. Offenders with ID tend to be referred within levels of service rather than between them, for example, form tertiary services into generic community services.
U2 - 10.1002/cbm.755
DO - 10.1002/cbm.755
JO - Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
JF - Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Carson D, Lindsay WR, O'Brien G, Holland AJ, Taylor JL, Wheeler JR et al. Referrals into services for offenders with intellectual disabilities: Variables predicting community or secure provision. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. 2010 Feb 1;20(1):39-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.755