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As component of many rocks and minerals metals are ubiquitous in the environment. Many metals and metalloids are essential to living organisms. Their various bonding forms and oxidation states, so called species, play an important role in the control and action of innumerable metabolic reactions.
However, not all metals are essential and some of them may be toxic at rather low doses depending on the metal species, e.g. lead, cadmium, mercury, and thallium. Even essential metals may be toxic at higher doses, e.g. selenium, cobalt, and chromium.
During anthropogenic activities substantial metal concentrations may be released into the environment. Environmentally relevant are mainly the metal salts and their ions. They can be available to humans, animals and plants. The main exposure routes are respiratory organs, skin and food. Some metal compounds are readily accumulated by organisms (bioaccumulation) and enriched in the food web (biomagnification).
Guidelines for Chemical Analysis: Determination of the Elemental Content of Environmental Samples using ICP-MS
Guidelines for Chemical Analysis: Determination of the Elemental Content of Environment Samples using ICP-OES
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Naturally occurring non-toxic alkaline earth metal
Naturally occurring alkali metal
Ubiquitous alkaline earth metal, constituent of many minerals
Naturally occurring transition metal
Common metal widely used by humans
Rather common element which occurs mainly in ores
Alkaline earth metal with high reactivity that occurs naturally only in compounds with other elements
Rare metal which in nature is mostly associated with zinc ores
Alkaline earth metal which occurs naturally in rocks and minerals
Naturally occurring highly toxic transition metal, which is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure
Rare element which occurs naturally as trace element in many minerals
Naturally occurring poisonous heavy metal
Common bladder wrack
Common brown alga of the coastal areas of the North and Baltic Sea
Blue mussel
One of the most important edible mussel species common in the North and Baltic Sea
Eelpout
As the only viviparous fish in German nearshore waters, it is a bioindicator in nearshore coastal marine ecosystems.
Inshore, the herring gull mainly feeds from the sea: upon fish, mussels, and crabs.
Common spruce
A major primary producer in semi-natural and anthropogenic affected ecosystems.
Lombardy poplar
A deciduous tree typical of ecosystems close to dense conurbations and an indicator for the characterisation of the immission situation during the vegetation period.
As the most dominant deciduous tree species in Central Europe, it plays a significant role in most nearly natural and also anthropogenically influenced forest ecosystems up to an altitude of 1100 m.
Roe deer, one-year-old
The roe deer is the most common of the larger herbivores (first order-consumer) to be found in the wild in Europe.
Feral pigeon
A pigeon species home in nearly every city.
Earthworm (Aporrectodea longa)
As an organism living at ground level, it is a major driver of the decomposition of organic material (e.g. plant litter).
Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)
Soil is livelihood and biosphere for humans, animals, plants and soil organisms. All the substances brought in are transported, transformed and/or accumulated in the soil.
Student groups with an even number of female and male students at the age of 20 to 29.
Sampling area
BR/NP Berchtesgaden
The only high mountains national park in Germany and an area of the Limestone Alps with international relevance
Saarländischer Verdichtungsraum
Important, old-industrialised conurbation in Germany.
Bornhöveder Seengebiet
Main water divide between the North- and Baltic Sea
Longest river in Germany
NP Bayerischer Wald
Germany's first national park
NP Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft
National Park in the largest brackish water (Bodden) habitat of the world.
BR/NP Wattenmeere
National park in the world largest connected sand and mud flats.
Verdichtungsraum Halle-Leipzig
Region in the chemical triangle of Central Germany
Germany's largest forest national park
Second highest and largest low mountain range in Northern Germany
BR Pfälzerwald
Germany's largest connected forest area in a range of low mountains
Oberbayerisches Tertiärhügelland
The Upper Bavarian Tertiary Uplands are a part of the Southern German Molasse Basin
Second largest river in Europe
Sampling sites (humans)
4 university cities as sampling areas.