Advancing Physics of AWE
Math & Physics
kitefreak December 12, 2019, 3:24pm #1
Two hundred years ago, Carnot set Thermodynamics up as a science, and Etzler conceived of AWE powering civilization, in The Paradise Within Reach. Since then, AWE Physics is conventionally presented by basic power calculations, under Newtonian-Laplacian equations of motion.
A major crack in the classical physics of kites was [van Veem, '97], that identified formal Chaos in kite flight. Lately the fundamental physics of AWE is gathering more interest. Physics World cites RolandS "liken(ing) the "pumping" (AWES) process to the thermodynamic cycle of a reciprocating engine".
This topic is to explore advancing physics understanding of kites, from Thermodynamics to Control Theory, and even to Quantum Analogue interpretations. A good starting place is Gibbs Zero-Point Energy and Free-Energy of AWES, Debye Temperature (of UHMWPE), Planck's Constant, and early Aerodynamics and Cybernetics; proceeding to what ultimate physics paradigms may describe AWES in future perfected forms.
Advanced kite physics idea, with commentary and background references-
Non-dimensional Planck Constant for Kite Dynamics?
Planck Constant, h , is the dimensional proportionality between mass and frequency, historically set at atomic-scale wave-length. To apply h at macroscopic frequency and mass scale, the quantum-of-action parameter may be reset to any longer wavelength accordingly. Planck Constant thereby becomes a true non-dimensional constant, suitable for analogue QM reapplication all the way to cosmic scale wave coherence. Non-dimensional h is an analytic lens into observed coherent lattice-wave (phonon) statistics of kite trains, and theoretic 3D kite lattices.
Planck constant
The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted h {\displaystyle h} , is a physical constant that is the quantum of electromagnetic action, which relates the energy carried by a photon to its frequency. A photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant. The Planck constant is of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics, and in metrology it is the basis for the definition of the kilogram. The Planck constant is defined t...
Physical constant
A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and have constant value in time. It is contrasted with a mathematical constant, which has a fixed numerical value, but does not directly involve any physical measurement. There are many physical constants in science, some of the most widely recognized being the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the Planck cons...
Dimensional analysis
In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric charge) and units of measure (such as miles vs. kilometers, or pounds vs. kilograms) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed. The conversion of units from one dimensional unit to another is often easier within the metric or SI system than in others, due to the re...
Lets consider a kite as a Heat Engine under classical thermodynamics, at the threshold of quantum mechanics. The relative motion of wind and earth is a vast store of un-thermalized kinetic energy for such an engine to run on.
Introducing a kite, tether, and anchor, to excite interaction between wind and earth, creates a heat engine dynamic. The two surfaces of a kite wing in lift mode develop a thermal gradient; the bottom side wind field heats up, and the top field cools off, based on the pressure differential developed.
Mechanical Energy is thus produced in usable form (AWE), as the relative motion of wind and earth is slowed and each "thermalizes" by increased entropy. Overall, energy is conserved, its just been down-converted into smaller-scale more complex chaotic form.
Heat engine
In thermodynamics and engineering, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work. It does this by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature to a lower state temperature. A heat source generates thermal energy that brings the working substance to the high temperature state. The working substance generates work in the working body of the engine while transferring heat to In ...
Thermalisation
In physics, thermalization (in Commonwealth English "thermalisation") is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction. In general the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy and uniform temperature that maximizes the system's entropy. Thermalization, thermal equilibrium, and temperature are therefore important fundamental concepts within statistical physics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics; all of which are a ...
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics:xi (but notably not general relativity's description of gravity) and is used to construct physical models of subatomic particles (in particle physics) and quasiparticles (in condensed matter physics). QFT treats particles as excited states (also called quanta) of their underlying fields, which are more fundamental than the particles. Intera...
In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system. It is closely related to the number Ω of microscopic configurations (known as microstates) that are consistent with the macroscopic quantities that characterize the system (such as its volume, pressure and temperature). Entropy expresses the number Ω of different configurations that a system defined by macroscopic variables could assume. Under the assumption that each microstate is equally probable, the entro
kitefreak December 14, 2019, 10:59pm #4
Let's backtrack a bit to Newtonian kite physics, as NASA presents that subject to k-12 students-
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/newton1k.html
Especially cool is that Newton was obsessed with kites as a teenager, and even caused a public scare by raising a candle lantern high into the night sky. Later, at age 23, when he saw the famous apple drop, kite dynamics had already prepared his mind for physics revolution.
Next Up: Sonic Relativity of kite-line.
Starting in 2008, KiteLab Ilwaco performed hundreds of small kite experiments to 500m, and even flying Jim Patton's mighty kite trains to almost 1000m. The simplest test imaginable is to pluck the line of a high altitude kite and watch the pulse rise at hundreds of miles an hour, at the internal speed of sound in the line.
Flying multi-line kites to 500m clearly exhibits sonic lag of the control input, that takes some compensation for accurate flying. The slacker lines are, the slower the speed of control inputs. That's sonic relativity. Thus these test sessions revealed that "Ordinary string" has extraordinary relativistic and analogue QM properties.
Upon literature study, it became clear a tin-can telephone is a sonic wormhole, and a moving pulley-loop of string can create a sonic black hole. It took patient insight to figure out a tow-rope develops a mechanically superconducting standing sonic wave, that coherent phonons spontaneously develop on toy kite-trains, and so on…
Thanks to JoeF for reminding us of this sonic relativity reference from Old Forum discussion. The fundamental clocks that determine what time is are motions of any kind, photonic, phononic, electronic, and so on. Time is change itself at its characteristic rate.
Sound Clocks and Sonic Relativity
Sound propagation within certain non-relativistic condensed matter models obeys a relativistic wave equation despite such systems admitting entirely non-relativistic descriptions. A natural question...
Scott L. Todd &
Nicolas C. Menicucci
Foundations of Physics volume 47, pages1267–1293(2017)
Analogue Relativity is what observable kite dynamics have taught us, almost before anyone else; much as having a telescope, microscope, or particle accelerator has taught the world-
Sound propagation within certain non-relativistic condensed matter models obeys a relativistic wave equation despite such systems admitting entirely non-relativistic descriptions. A natural question that arises upon consideration of this is, "do devices exist that will experience the relativity in these systems?" We describe a thought experiment in which 'acoustic observers' possess devices called sound clocks that can be connected to form chains. Careful investigation shows that appropriately constructed chains of stationary and moving sound clocks are perceived by observers on the other chain as undergoing the relativistic phenomena of length contraction and time dilation by the Lorentz factor, γγ, with cc the speed of sound. Sound clocks within moving chains actually tick less frequently than stationary ones and must be separated by a shorter distance than when stationary to satisfy simultaneity conditions. Stationary sound clocks appear to be length contracted and time dilated to moving observers due to their misunderstanding of their own state of motion with respect to the laboratory. Observers restricted to using sound clocks describe a universe kinematically consistent with the theory of special relativity, despite the preferred frame of their universe in the laboratory. Such devices show promise in further probing analogue relativity models, for example in investigating phenomena that require careful consideration of the proper time elapsed for observers.
What we can now call Sonic Analogue Relativity in elastic media, from an early source-
NASA/ADS – 1 Dec 69
Production of Tensile Shock Waves in Stretched Natural Rubber
IT may be shown theoretically that when plane mechanical pulses of finite amplitude travel in non-dispersive media, the velocity of propagation in space is given by c + V where c = (S/ρ)1/2, S being the tangent modulus of the material and ρ its...