Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability
Man Tik Choy, Chak Yin Tang, Ling Chen, Wing Cheung Law, Chi Pong Tsui, William Weijia Lu
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering
Microwave irradiation has been proven to be an effective heating source in synthetic chemistry, and can accelerate the reaction rate, provide more uniform heating and help in developing better synthetic routes for the fabrication of bone-grafting implant materials. In this study, a new technique, which comprises microwave heating and powder metallurgy for in situ synthesis of Ti/CaP composites by using Ti powders, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powders and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O) powders, has been developed. Three different compositions of Ti:CaCO3:CaHPO4·2H2O powdered mixture were employed to investigate the effect of the starting atomic ratio of the CaCO3to CaHPO4·2H2O on the phase, microstructural formation and compressive properties of the microwave synthesized composites. When the starting atomic ratio reaches 1.67, composites containing mainly alpha-titanium (α-Ti), hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) with porosity of 26%, pore size up to 152 μm, compressive strength of 212 MPa and compressive modulus of 12 GPa were formed. The in vitro apatite-forming capability of the composite was evaluated by immersing the composite into a simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days. The results showed that biodissolution occurred, followed by apatite precipitation after immersion in the SBF, suggesting that the composites are suitable for bone implant applications as apatite is an essential intermediate layer for bone cells attachment. The quantity and size of the apatite globules increased over the immersion time. After 14 days of immersion, the composite surface was fully covered by an apatite layer with a Ca/P atomic ratio approximately of 1.68, which is similar to the bone-like apatite appearing in human hard tissue. The results suggested that the microwave assisted-in situ synthesis technique can be used as an alternative to traditional powder metallurgy for the fabrication of Ti/CaP biocomposites.
Composites Part B: Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046
A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs)
B. Microstructures
E. Powder processing
E. Sintering
10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046
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Apatite Chemical Engineering 100%
Bone Material Science 85%
Microwave Physics 57%
Submerging Physics 42%
Composite Physics 42%
Powder Metallurgy Physics 28%
Choy, M. T., Tang, C. Y., Chen, L., Law, W. C., Tsui, C. P., & Lu, W. W. (2015). Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability. Composites Part B: Engineering, 83, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046
Choy, Man Tik ; Tang, Chak Yin ; Chen, Ling et al. / Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability. In: Composites Part B: Engineering. 2015 ; Vol. 83. pp. 50-57.
@article{53605117534f40fea43710439f21b618,
title = "Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability",
abstract = "Microwave irradiation has been proven to be an effective heating source in synthetic chemistry, and can accelerate the reaction rate, provide more uniform heating and help in developing better synthetic routes for the fabrication of bone-grafting implant materials. In this study, a new technique, which comprises microwave heating and powder metallurgy for in situ synthesis of Ti/CaP composites by using Ti powders, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powders and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O) powders, has been developed. Three different compositions of Ti:CaCO3:CaHPO4·2H2O powdered mixture were employed to investigate the effect of the starting atomic ratio of the CaCO3to CaHPO4·2H2O on the phase, microstructural formation and compressive properties of the microwave synthesized composites. When the starting atomic ratio reaches 1.67, composites containing mainly alpha-titanium (α-Ti), hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) with porosity of 26%, pore size up to 152 μm, compressive strength of 212 MPa and compressive modulus of 12 GPa were formed. The in vitro apatite-forming capability of the composite was evaluated by immersing the composite into a simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days. The results showed that biodissolution occurred, followed by apatite precipitation after immersion in the SBF, suggesting that the composites are suitable for bone implant applications as apatite is an essential intermediate layer for bone cells attachment. The quantity and size of the apatite globules increased over the immersion time. After 14 days of immersion, the composite surface was fully covered by an apatite layer with a Ca/P atomic ratio approximately of 1.68, which is similar to the bone-like apatite appearing in human hard tissue. The results suggested that the microwave assisted-in situ synthesis technique can be used as an alternative to traditional powder metallurgy for the fabrication of Ti/CaP biocomposites.",
keywords = "A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs), B. Microstructures, E. Powder processing, E. Sintering",
author = "Choy, {Man Tik} and Tang, {Chak Yin} and Ling Chen and Law, {Wing Cheung} and Tsui, {Chi Pong} and Lu, {William Weijia}",
doi = "10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046",
journal = "Composites Part B: Engineering",
Choy, MT, Tang, CY, Chen, L, Law, WC, Tsui, CP & Lu, WW 2015, 'Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability', Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 83, pp. 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046
Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability. / Choy, Man Tik; Tang, Chak Yin; Chen, Ling et al.
In: Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 83, 15.12.2015, p. 50-57.
T1 - Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability
AU - Choy, Man Tik
AU - Tang, Chak Yin
AU - Chen, Ling
AU - Law, Wing Cheung
AU - Tsui, Chi Pong
AU - Lu, William Weijia
N2 - Microwave irradiation has been proven to be an effective heating source in synthetic chemistry, and can accelerate the reaction rate, provide more uniform heating and help in developing better synthetic routes for the fabrication of bone-grafting implant materials. In this study, a new technique, which comprises microwave heating and powder metallurgy for in situ synthesis of Ti/CaP composites by using Ti powders, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powders and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O) powders, has been developed. Three different compositions of Ti:CaCO3:CaHPO4·2H2O powdered mixture were employed to investigate the effect of the starting atomic ratio of the CaCO3to CaHPO4·2H2O on the phase, microstructural formation and compressive properties of the microwave synthesized composites. When the starting atomic ratio reaches 1.67, composites containing mainly alpha-titanium (α-Ti), hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) with porosity of 26%, pore size up to 152 μm, compressive strength of 212 MPa and compressive modulus of 12 GPa were formed. The in vitro apatite-forming capability of the composite was evaluated by immersing the composite into a simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days. The results showed that biodissolution occurred, followed by apatite precipitation after immersion in the SBF, suggesting that the composites are suitable for bone implant applications as apatite is an essential intermediate layer for bone cells attachment. The quantity and size of the apatite globules increased over the immersion time. After 14 days of immersion, the composite surface was fully covered by an apatite layer with a Ca/P atomic ratio approximately of 1.68, which is similar to the bone-like apatite appearing in human hard tissue. The results suggested that the microwave assisted-in situ synthesis technique can be used as an alternative to traditional powder metallurgy for the fabrication of Ti/CaP biocomposites.
AB - Microwave irradiation has been proven to be an effective heating source in synthetic chemistry, and can accelerate the reaction rate, provide more uniform heating and help in developing better synthetic routes for the fabrication of bone-grafting implant materials. In this study, a new technique, which comprises microwave heating and powder metallurgy for in situ synthesis of Ti/CaP composites by using Ti powders, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powders and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O) powders, has been developed. Three different compositions of Ti:CaCO3:CaHPO4·2H2O powdered mixture were employed to investigate the effect of the starting atomic ratio of the CaCO3to CaHPO4·2H2O on the phase, microstructural formation and compressive properties of the microwave synthesized composites. When the starting atomic ratio reaches 1.67, composites containing mainly alpha-titanium (α-Ti), hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) with porosity of 26%, pore size up to 152 μm, compressive strength of 212 MPa and compressive modulus of 12 GPa were formed. The in vitro apatite-forming capability of the composite was evaluated by immersing the composite into a simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days. The results showed that biodissolution occurred, followed by apatite precipitation after immersion in the SBF, suggesting that the composites are suitable for bone implant applications as apatite is an essential intermediate layer for bone cells attachment. The quantity and size of the apatite globules increased over the immersion time. After 14 days of immersion, the composite surface was fully covered by an apatite layer with a Ca/P atomic ratio approximately of 1.68, which is similar to the bone-like apatite appearing in human hard tissue. The results suggested that the microwave assisted-in situ synthesis technique can be used as an alternative to traditional powder metallurgy for the fabrication of Ti/CaP biocomposites.
KW - A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs)
KW - B. Microstructures
KW - E. Powder processing
KW - E. Sintering
U2 - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046
DO - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046
JO - Composites Part B: Engineering
JF - Composites Part B: Engineering
Choy MT, Tang CY, Chen L, Law WC, Tsui CP, Lu WW. Microwave assisted-in situ synthesis of porous titanium/calcium phosphate composites and their in vitro apatite-forming capability. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2015 Dec 15;83:50-57. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.046