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Holistic Approach to Knowledge: Contribution of the Bhagavadgita and its Relevance to Social Science Research and Ethics *
M.V. Nadkarni
in Ethics For Our Times: Essays in Gandhian Perspective
Philosophy, General
This chapter examines the relevance and contribution of the Bhagavadgita to ethics and social science research in India. It explains that most of the training in social science research methodology ... More
This chapter examines the relevance and contribution of the Bhagavadgita to ethics and social science research in India. It explains that most of the training in social science research methodology in India is focused on quantitative techniques of the inductive method and are deprived of valuable insights which can come from a holistic approach. This chapter highlights the Gita's call for a holistic approach to knowledge called saatvik and provides examples of the application of the holistic approach in social sciences, particularly in economics and applied ethics.Less
Holistic Approach to Knowledge : Contribution of the Bhagavadgita and its Relevance to Social Science Research and Ethics *
This chapter examines the relevance and contribution of the Bhagavadgita to ethics and social science research in India. It explains that most of the training in social science research methodology in India is focused on quantitative techniques of the inductive method and are deprived of valuable insights which can come from a holistic approach. This chapter highlights the Gita's call for a holistic approach to knowledge called saatvik and provides examples of the application of the holistic approach in social sciences, particularly in economics and applied ethics.
Keywords: Bhagavadgita, ethics, social science research, India, holistic approach, saatvik, economics, applied ethics, quantitative techniques, inductive method
Teamwork in Palliative Care: Fulfilling or Frustrating?
Peter Speck (ed.)
Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
Teamwork is a complex but essential component of palliative care. The needs of people diagnosed with life threatening disease will vary greatly over time, and it is rarely possible for just one ... More
Teamwork is a complex but essential component of palliative care. The needs of people diagnosed with life threatening disease will vary greatly over time, and it is rarely possible for just one professional to be able to provide adequate care. In order to ensure an holistic approach, the whole multi-disciplinary team must be involved. Inevitable questions arise from such an approach, and this book seeks to address these. How does a team come into being? What different formats are there? How might the patient contribute to the effectiveness of their care and the way in which the team operates? What are the difficulties and frustrations encountered in developing and maintaining such teams? What models of working and styles of leadership have developed? How are power and authority handled within the team setting? The importance of team building, training, support, attention to group process, and stress management to protect the mental health of the team are explored. The ethical issues inherent in palliative care such as consent, autonomy, confidentiality, decision making within teams, and the legal implications of such are also discussed. The book concludes with one important question: Do we know if teams are the most effective way of providing care?Less
Teamwork in Palliative Care : Fulfilling or Frustrating?
Teamwork is a complex but essential component of palliative care. The needs of people diagnosed with life threatening disease will vary greatly over time, and it is rarely possible for just one professional to be able to provide adequate care. In order to ensure an holistic approach, the whole multi-disciplinary team must be involved. Inevitable questions arise from such an approach, and this book seeks to address these. How does a team come into being? What different formats are there? How might the patient contribute to the effectiveness of their care and the way in which the team operates? What are the difficulties and frustrations encountered in developing and maintaining such teams? What models of working and styles of leadership have developed? How are power and authority handled within the team setting? The importance of team building, training, support, attention to group process, and stress management to protect the mental health of the team are explored. The ethical issues inherent in palliative care such as consent, autonomy, confidentiality, decision making within teams, and the legal implications of such are also discussed. The book concludes with one important question: Do we know if teams are the most effective way of providing care?
Keywords: teamwork, palliative care, holistic approach, multi-disciplinary team, ethical issues, legal implications
Holistic Approach to Knowledge: Contribution of the Bhagavadgita and Its Relevance to Social Science Research and Ethics*
Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter examines the relevance and contribution of the Bhagavadgita to ethics and social science research in India. It explains that most of the training in social science research methodology in India is focused on quantitative techniques of the inductive method and are deprived of valuable insights which can come from a holistic approach. This chapter highlights the Gita's call for a holistic approach to knowledge called saatvik and provides examples of the application of the holistic approach in social sciences, particularly in economics and applied ethics.Less
Holistic Approach to Knowledge : Contribution of the Bhagavadgita and Its Relevance to Social Science Research and Ethics*
This chapter examines the relevance and contribution of the Bhagavadgita to ethics and social science research in India. It explains that most of the training in social science research methodology in India is focused on quantitative techniques of the inductive method and are deprived of valuable insights which can come from a holistic approach. This chapter highlights the Gita's call for a holistic approach to knowledge called saatvik and provides examples of the application of the holistic approach in social sciences, particularly in economics and applied ethics.
Breaking Through: Essays, Journals, and Travelogues of Edward F. Ricketts
Edward Ricketts
History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Trailblazing marine biologist, visionary conservationist, deep ecology philosopher, Edward F. Ricketts (1897–1948) has reached legendary status in the California mythos. A true polymath and a thinker ... More
Trailblazing marine biologist, visionary conservationist, deep ecology philosopher, Edward F. Ricketts (1897–1948) has reached legendary status in the California mythos. A true polymath and a thinker ahead of his time, Ricketts was a scientist who worked in passionate collaboration with many of his friends—artists, writers, and influential intellectual figures—including, perhaps most famously, John Steinbeck, who once said that Ricketts's mind "had no horizons." This collection, featuring previously unpublished pieces as well as others available for the first time in their original form, reflects the wide scope of Ricketts's scientific, philosophical, and literary interests during the years he lived and worked on Cannery Row in Monterey, California. These writings, which together illuminate the evolution of Ricketts's unique, holistic approach to science, include "Verbatim transcription of notes on the Gulf of California trip," the basic manuscript for Steinbeck's and Ricketts's "Log from the Sea of Cortez"; the essays "The Philosophy of Breaking Through" and "A Spiritual Morphology of Poetry"; several shorter pieces on topics including collecting invertebrates and the impact of modernization on Mexican village life; and more. This critical biography, with a number of rare photographs, offers a new, detailed view of Ricketts's life.Less
Breaking Through : Essays, Journals, and Travelogues of Edward F. Ricketts
Trailblazing marine biologist, visionary conservationist, deep ecology philosopher, Edward F. Ricketts (1897–1948) has reached legendary status in the California mythos. A true polymath and a thinker ahead of his time, Ricketts was a scientist who worked in passionate collaboration with many of his friends—artists, writers, and influential intellectual figures—including, perhaps most famously, John Steinbeck, who once said that Ricketts's mind "had no horizons." This collection, featuring previously unpublished pieces as well as others available for the first time in their original form, reflects the wide scope of Ricketts's scientific, philosophical, and literary interests during the years he lived and worked on Cannery Row in Monterey, California. These writings, which together illuminate the evolution of Ricketts's unique, holistic approach to science, include "Verbatim transcription of notes on the Gulf of California trip," the basic manuscript for Steinbeck's and Ricketts's "Log from the Sea of Cortez"; the essays "The Philosophy of Breaking Through" and "A Spiritual Morphology of Poetry"; several shorter pieces on topics including collecting invertebrates and the impact of modernization on Mexican village life; and more. This critical biography, with a number of rare photographs, offers a new, detailed view of Ricketts's life.
Keywords: Edward F. Ricketts, John Steinbeck, holistic approach, Gulf of California, Sea of Cortez, Breaking Through, Spiritual Morphology, invertebrates, modernization, Mexican village life
Beyond Child Welfare: International Perspectives on Child and Family Policies
Sheila B. Kamerman and Alfred J. Kahn
in Child Welfare Research: Advances for Practice and Policy
Social Work, Children and Families, Research and Evaluation
This chapter examines the evolving attention to achieving the goal of child well-being through a broad child and family approach rather than a narrow focus on protecting children against abuse and ... More
This chapter examines the evolving attention to achieving the goal of child well-being through a broad child and family approach rather than a narrow focus on protecting children against abuse and neglect. The more holistic type of approach employed is driven by the growing use of children's rights as the basis for intervention, the increased attention to childhood social indicators as a device for monitoring and measuring trends in wellbeing over time, and developments in child and family policies as the framework for a strategic response once well-being is in focus. The objective is not to ignore social service reforms but to go beyond them.Less
Sheila B. KamermanAlfred J. Kahn
This chapter examines the evolving attention to achieving the goal of child well-being through a broad child and family approach rather than a narrow focus on protecting children against abuse and neglect. The more holistic type of approach employed is driven by the growing use of children's rights as the basis for intervention, the increased attention to childhood social indicators as a device for monitoring and measuring trends in wellbeing over time, and developments in child and family policies as the framework for a strategic response once well-being is in focus. The objective is not to ignore social service reforms but to go beyond them.
Keywords: child welfare policy, child well-being, children's rights, holistic approach, strategic response
Domestic violence and health: The response of the medical profession
Emma Williamson
Policy Press
10.1332/policypress/9781861342157.001.0001
Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This book explores the issue of healthcare professionals' attitudes towards women who are victims of domestic violence. There is a growing interest by healthcare professionals and researchers in the ... More
This book explores the issue of healthcare professionals' attitudes towards women who are victims of domestic violence. There is a growing interest by healthcare professionals and researchers in the role of healthcare professionals in relation to domestic violence. The book looks at the health experiences of women who are victims of domestic violence and the responses to such injuries by healthcare professionals. The author presents the results of an in-depth qualitative study, conducted within Britain, examining domestic violence and health. Women who are treated medically without any acknowledgement of the social, personal, and psychological aspects of their condition, are likely to re-present with domestic-violence-related injuries. The book includes chapters that look at why women access health services, an examination of the physical and non-physical effects of domestic violence, the range of treatment options currently favoured by healthcare professionals and the response of patients to them, differentiations in practice between different health professionals, and the impact of domestic violence as a social issue on trends in medical training. These issues are considered in light of debates about medicalisation, the function of the sick role, and both biomedical/wound-led, and holistic/person-led approaches to health provision. Key findings are highlighted, and the author provides recommendations for good practice.Less
Domestic violence and health : The response of the medical profession
This book explores the issue of healthcare professionals' attitudes towards women who are victims of domestic violence. There is a growing interest by healthcare professionals and researchers in the role of healthcare professionals in relation to domestic violence. The book looks at the health experiences of women who are victims of domestic violence and the responses to such injuries by healthcare professionals. The author presents the results of an in-depth qualitative study, conducted within Britain, examining domestic violence and health. Women who are treated medically without any acknowledgement of the social, personal, and psychological aspects of their condition, are likely to re-present with domestic-violence-related injuries. The book includes chapters that look at why women access health services, an examination of the physical and non-physical effects of domestic violence, the range of treatment options currently favoured by healthcare professionals and the response of patients to them, differentiations in practice between different health professionals, and the impact of domestic violence as a social issue on trends in medical training. These issues are considered in light of debates about medicalisation, the function of the sick role, and both biomedical/wound-led, and holistic/person-led approaches to health provision. Key findings are highlighted, and the author provides recommendations for good practice.
Keywords: health services, treatment options, medical training, medicalisation, sick role, biomedical-led approach, wound-led approach, holistic-led approach, person-led approach, health provision
The success paradox: Why we need a holistic theory of social mobility
Graeme Atherton
Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Social mobility needs a re-boot. The narrow, economistic way of measuring it favoured by politicians and academics is unsustainable and is contributing to rising inequality. This timely book provides ... More
Social mobility needs a re-boot. The narrow, economistic way of measuring it favoured by politicians and academics is unsustainable and is contributing to rising inequality. This timely book provides an alternative, original vision of social mobility and a route-map to achieving it. It examines how the term 'social mobility' structures what success means and the impact that has on society. Providing a new holistic approach that encompasses education, the economy and politics, Atherton recasts the relationship with employers, embracing radical opportunities provided by technology and rethinking what higher education means. He also goes beyond employment to incorporate progress in non-work areas of life. Based on the need to improve well-being, not just income or occupation, the book addresses one of the key issues facing 21st century society in a new way and provides valuable insights for policymakers and academics.Less
The success paradox : Why we need a holistic theory of social mobility
Social mobility needs a re-boot. The narrow, economistic way of measuring it favoured by politicians and academics is unsustainable and is contributing to rising inequality. This timely book provides an alternative, original vision of social mobility and a route-map to achieving it. It examines how the term 'social mobility' structures what success means and the impact that has on society. Providing a new holistic approach that encompasses education, the economy and politics, Atherton recasts the relationship with employers, embracing radical opportunities provided by technology and rethinking what higher education means. He also goes beyond employment to incorporate progress in non-work areas of life. Based on the need to improve well-being, not just income or occupation, the book addresses one of the key issues facing 21st century society in a new way and provides valuable insights for policymakers and academics.
Keywords: social mobility, rising inequality, holistic approach, policymakers, academics, education, economy, politics
Two Faces of Discrimination
Hanoch Sheinman
in Philosophical Foundations of Discrimination Law
Law, Philosophy of Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter analyzes interpersonally individualistic and holistic aspects of discrimination. The chapter is organized as follows. Section I characterizes the organizing distinction and looks at ... More
This chapter analyzes interpersonally individualistic and holistic aspects of discrimination. The chapter is organized as follows. Section I characterizes the organizing distinction and looks at related cases. Section II suggests that the conduct in these cases offends against some individualistic considerations. Section III argues that it also offends against some holistic considerations. Section IV considers objections to Section III. The chapter argues that neither side to the debate over the interpersonally comparative nature of discrimination has the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Each has some of the truth.Less
This chapter analyzes interpersonally individualistic and holistic aspects of discrimination. The chapter is organized as follows. Section I characterizes the organizing distinction and looks at related cases. Section II suggests that the conduct in these cases offends against some individualistic considerations. Section III argues that it also offends against some holistic considerations. Section IV considers objections to Section III. The chapter argues that neither side to the debate over the interpersonally comparative nature of discrimination has the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Each has some of the truth.
Keywords: anti-discrimination, individualistic approach, holistic approach
Affirmative Action and Higher Education
J. Scott Carter and Cameron D. Lippard
in The Death of Affirmative Action?: Racialized Framing and the Fight Against Racial Preference in College Admissions
Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter discusses the ever-evolving role of race in politics in the history of the US. How the government handled racial and other discrimination has not always been effective. It was not until ... More
This chapter discusses the ever-evolving role of race in politics in the history of the US. How the government handled racial and other discrimination has not always been effective. It was not until the 1960s that the US government attempted to make a concrete effort to minimize racial discrimination, which of course effected enrollment at elite US colleges and universities. This chapter then goes onto to discuss the deep ideological divide over affirmative action that exists in the country and provides public opinion data on where whites stand with the subject. This chapter demonstrates that indeed affirmative action is a controversial subject that receives little support from whites.Less
J. Scott CarterCameron D. Lippard
This chapter discusses the ever-evolving role of race in politics in the history of the US. How the government handled racial and other discrimination has not always been effective. It was not until the 1960s that the US government attempted to make a concrete effort to minimize racial discrimination, which of course effected enrollment at elite US colleges and universities. This chapter then goes onto to discuss the deep ideological divide over affirmative action that exists in the country and provides public opinion data on where whites stand with the subject. This chapter demonstrates that indeed affirmative action is a controversial subject that receives little support from whites.
Keywords: Plessy v. Ferguson, President John F. Kennedy, Executive Order 10925, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Higher Education, Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Affirmative Action, Holistic Approach' Gratz and Grutter v. Bollinger, University of Michigan
Young people with mental health problems
Sarah Judd
in Managing transitions: Support for individuals at key points of change
Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Young adults face a number of stressful transitions that can prove a trigger point for their mental health, including the transition from school to work or university, leaving the family home, or ... More
Young adults face a number of stressful transitions that can prove a trigger point for their mental health, including the transition from school to work or university, leaving the family home, or managing relationships. This chapter looks at positive ways to improve transitional mental-health services for young people aged between 16 and 24, while acknowledging the financial constraints on the sector as a whole. By listening to young people and encouraging a person-centred approach, services can be developed to ensure useful and effective provision. The joint working agenda needs to be applied to this situation to encourage greater collaboration between children's and adults' mental-health services. Many young people arrive in mental-health services with a complex range of other issues. A holistic approach that looks at wider problems may help them to engage with a range of services and ease their transition out of child and adolescent mental-health services.Less
Young adults face a number of stressful transitions that can prove a trigger point for their mental health, including the transition from school to work or university, leaving the family home, or managing relationships. This chapter looks at positive ways to improve transitional mental-health services for young people aged between 16 and 24, while acknowledging the financial constraints on the sector as a whole. By listening to young people and encouraging a person-centred approach, services can be developed to ensure useful and effective provision. The joint working agenda needs to be applied to this situation to encourage greater collaboration between children's and adults' mental-health services. Many young people arrive in mental-health services with a complex range of other issues. A holistic approach that looks at wider problems may help them to engage with a range of services and ease their transition out of child and adolescent mental-health services.
Keywords: young people, mental-health services, mental health, transitions, holistic approach
Cross-Cultural Studies of Gender-Based Violence: Holistic Approaches for Marital Rape Research
Jennifer R. Wies and Hillary J. Haldane
in Marital Rape: Consent, Marriage, and Social Change in Global Context
Social Work, Crime and Justice
Drawing from studies of gender-based violence in anthropology, Wies and Haldane chart the possibilities for understanding rape in marriage informed by cross-cultural approaches. Through ethnographic ... More
Drawing from studies of gender-based violence in anthropology, Wies and Haldane chart the possibilities for understanding rape in marriage informed by cross-cultural approaches. Through ethnographic and theoretical examples, they consider how culture, kinship, and households influence the ways individuals understand rape in marriage. They contrast feminist conceptualizations of rape in terms of power and fear with other views, such as the Borneo Dayaks' and point out that cultural constructions of rape include Western definitions. They suggest that an anthropological/political economy approach is a productive framework for examining marital rape cross-culturally. The chapter provides a foundation for scholars, policy-makers, activists, and others to consider the multiple cultural factors that affect our understanding of marriage, gender, gender-based violence, and sex. It offers a holistic framework to address the problem of marital rape in myriad societies.Less
Cross-Cultural Studies of Gender-Based Violence : Holistic Approaches for Marital Rape Research
Jennifer R. WiesHillary J. Haldane
Drawing from studies of gender-based violence in anthropology, Wies and Haldane chart the possibilities for understanding rape in marriage informed by cross-cultural approaches. Through ethnographic and theoretical examples, they consider how culture, kinship, and households influence the ways individuals understand rape in marriage. They contrast feminist conceptualizations of rape in terms of power and fear with other views, such as the Borneo Dayaks' and point out that cultural constructions of rape include Western definitions. They suggest that an anthropological/political economy approach is a productive framework for examining marital rape cross-culturally. The chapter provides a foundation for scholars, policy-makers, activists, and others to consider the multiple cultural factors that affect our understanding of marriage, gender, gender-based violence, and sex. It offers a holistic framework to address the problem of marital rape in myriad societies.
Keywords: domestic violence, culturally produced, Western definitions, kinship and marriage, cultural construction, holistic approach, macrostructural forces
Alternative Explanations
in The Japanese Challenge to the American Neoliberal World Order: Identity, Meaning, and Foreign Policy
10.11126/stanford/9780804758123.003.0002
This chapter explores alternative explanations to the identity-intention analytical framework in relation to the Japanese challenge to the U.S.-led neoliberal world order. It evaluates different ... More
This chapter explores alternative explanations to the identity-intention analytical framework in relation to the Japanese challenge to the U.S.-led neoliberal world order. It evaluates different alternatives used to explain Japanese foreign economic policy including interest group, state-centered, and systemic approaches, and highlights the indeterminacy of these alternative explanations. The chapter stresses the need for a holistic analytical approach in order to fully understand the nature, emergence, and policy development of the Japanese challenge.Less
This chapter explores alternative explanations to the identity-intention analytical framework in relation to the Japanese challenge to the U.S.-led neoliberal world order. It evaluates different alternatives used to explain Japanese foreign economic policy including interest group, state-centered, and systemic approaches, and highlights the indeterminacy of these alternative explanations. The chapter stresses the need for a holistic analytical approach in order to fully understand the nature, emergence, and policy development of the Japanese challenge.
Keywords: Japanese challenge, neoliberal world order, identity-intention framework, foreign economic policy, holistic analytical approach, interest group, systemic approach, state-center approach
Perspectives on phonological development
Marilyn May Vihman
in Phonological Templates in Development
Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Theoretical Linguistics
The chapter characterizes language as a system of links or associations and states the goal of gaining understanding of the origins of systematicity in the child. A working definition of 'template' ... More
The chapter characterizes language as a system of links or associations and states the goal of gaining understanding of the origins of systematicity in the child. A working definition of 'template' is followed by an account of early accuracy followed by later regression in early phonological development, concomitants of emergent system-building. A review of the theoretical advances that led to the concept of 'templates' is followed by a brief summary of Dynamic Systems Theory, with its emphasis on non-linearity in development, and of holistic approaches to phonology, including exemplar representations. A broad chronological account of research into infant speech processing is complemented by a brief review of production studies, the articulatory filter hypothesis, and the experimental work that supports it. Finally, studies of adult word learning that distinguish between lexical configuration and lexical engagement are found to bring new insights to the construct of emergent systematicity.Less
The chapter characterizes language as a system of links or associations and states the goal of gaining understanding of the origins of systematicity in the child. A working definition of 'template' is followed by an account of early accuracy followed by later regression in early phonological development, concomitants of emergent system-building. A review of the theoretical advances that led to the concept of 'templates' is followed by a brief summary of Dynamic Systems Theory, with its emphasis on non-linearity in development, and of holistic approaches to phonology, including exemplar representations. A broad chronological account of research into infant speech processing is complemented by a brief review of production studies, the articulatory filter hypothesis, and the experimental work that supports it. Finally, studies of adult word learning that distinguish between lexical configuration and lexical engagement are found to bring new insights to the construct of emergent systematicity.
Keywords: articulatory filter hypothesis, definition of 'templates', holistic approaches, lexical configuration, lexical engagement, non-linearity in development, origins of systematicity in the child
A Typology of the Evaluation of Qualitative Research: Toward a Holistic View
Jeasik Cho
in Evaluating Qualitative Research
Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter explores five specific categories of the evaluation of qualitative research (EQR): (1) a general EQR category for a universal set of criteria for any type of qualitative research; (2) a ... More
This chapter explores five specific categories of the evaluation of qualitative research (EQR): (1) a general EQR category for a universal set of criteria for any type of qualitative research; (2) a "subtle realist" category that does not necessarily give up on positivist aims while drawing on the insights of constructivist conceptions of social research; (3) a post-criteriology category that views as an impossibility setting up predetermined criteria for qualitative research that uncovers complex meaning-making processes; (4) an art-based research category that consists of six criteria—incisiveness, concision, coherence, generativity, social significance, and evocation and illumination—that serve as a cue for perception that assists audiences in making a better evaluation of an art product; and (5) a post-validity category seeking out openly ideological evaluation criteria. The author's holistic view of EQR, underpinning a beehive metaphor, is presented as neither unitary nor paradigm-idiosyncratic.Less
A Typology of the Evaluation of Qualitative Research : Toward a Holistic View
This chapter explores five specific categories of the evaluation of qualitative research (EQR): (1) a general EQR category for a universal set of criteria for any type of qualitative research; (2) a "subtle realist" category that does not necessarily give up on positivist aims while drawing on the insights of constructivist conceptions of social research; (3) a post-criteriology category that views as an impossibility setting up predetermined criteria for qualitative research that uncovers complex meaning-making processes; (4) an art-based research category that consists of six criteria—incisiveness, concision, coherence, generativity, social significance, and evocation and illumination—that serve as a cue for perception that assists audiences in making a better evaluation of an art product; and (5) a post-validity category seeking out openly ideological evaluation criteria. The author's holistic view of EQR, underpinning a beehive metaphor, is presented as neither unitary nor paradigm-idiosyncratic.
Keywords: criteriology, universal criteria, subtle realism, post-criteriology, art-based criteria, post-validity criteria, holistic approach
Schools as Systems
Robin Detterman, Jenny Ventura, Lihi Rosenthal, and Ken Berrick
in Unconditional Education: Supporting Schools to Serve All Students
Education, Care and Counseling of Students
The work of changing schools means acknowledging that we are, in fact, changing systems. Often, these are long-established systems enacted by multiple stakeholders invested in their preservation. ... More
The work of changing schools means acknowledging that we are, in fact, changing systems. Often, these are long-established systems enacted by multiple stakeholders invested in their preservation. Many efforts to promote educational equity attempt to tackle a single problematic aspect of the school in the hope that addressing an identified need in one area will improve the system as a whole. Some schools adopt a new math curriculum, hoping it will yield higher 4-year graduation rates. Other schools introduce computer-based learning, believing it will improve the ability of teachers to differentiate content. Still others practice mindfulness with students to reduce suspension rates. Efforts such as these are praiseworthy, but the piecemeal approach often fails to translate into meaningful change. At the other extreme, many schools choose to implement various reform efforts simultaneously–a new math curriculum, for instance, supplemented by computer-based learning and followed by a schoolwide mindfulness exercise. The result, generally, is mile-wide and inch-deep efforts that leave already overtaxed schools and principals with the challenge of running multiple initiatives at once, very likely without the resources to implement any one of them successfully (Cuban, 1990). Piecemeal or duplicative approaches to school transformation are particularly troubling as they rarely produce the systemic transformation required to reduce broadscale inequities within the system. When problems are identified in isolation, solutions tend to address symptoms rather than the underlying causes of the most acute or prevalent manifestations. More often than not, addressing the root cause requires some level of attention to the system itself. When these systems-level changes are ignored, similar problems are likely to occur again in the future. Nowhere is this more true than in the systems designed to address learning and mental health challenges in schools. Special education services rely largely on pull-out approaches to service delivery only after students have shown substantial deficits in their learning. The words mental health are often synonymous with clinicians providing closed-door therapy to specific students or supporting young people with disabilities who have been placed in specialized, segregated settings. Less
Robin DettermanJenny VenturaLihi RosenthalKen Berrick
The work of changing schools means acknowledging that we are, in fact, changing systems. Often, these are long-established systems enacted by multiple stakeholders invested in their preservation. Many efforts to promote educational equity attempt to tackle a single problematic aspect of the school in the hope that addressing an identified need in one area will improve the system as a whole. Some schools adopt a new math curriculum, hoping it will yield higher 4-year graduation rates. Other schools introduce computer-based learning, believing it will improve the ability of teachers to differentiate content. Still others practice mindfulness with students to reduce suspension rates. Efforts such as these are praiseworthy, but the piecemeal approach often fails to translate into meaningful change. At the other extreme, many schools choose to implement various reform efforts simultaneously–a new math curriculum, for instance, supplemented by computer-based learning and followed by a schoolwide mindfulness exercise. The result, generally, is mile-wide and inch-deep efforts that leave already overtaxed schools and principals with the challenge of running multiple initiatives at once, very likely without the resources to implement any one of them successfully (Cuban, 1990). Piecemeal or duplicative approaches to school transformation are particularly troubling as they rarely produce the systemic transformation required to reduce broadscale inequities within the system. When problems are identified in isolation, solutions tend to address symptoms rather than the underlying causes of the most acute or prevalent manifestations. More often than not, addressing the root cause requires some level of attention to the system itself. When these systems-level changes are ignored, similar problems are likely to occur again in the future. Nowhere is this more true than in the systems designed to address learning and mental health challenges in schools. Special education services rely largely on pull-out approaches to service delivery only after students have shown substantial deficits in their learning. The words mental health are often synonymous with clinicians providing closed-door therapy to specific students or supporting young people with disabilities who have been placed in specialized, segregated settings.
Keywords: UE model, capacity building, discretionary, early intervention, holistic approach, integration, prevention, special education
Well-Being: Expanding the Definition of Progress: Insights From Practitioners, Researchers, and Innovators From Around the Globe
Alonzo L. Plough (ed.)
The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of ... More
The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of deaths of despair. These challenges require new approaches catalyzing communities, cities, and countries around the globe to embrace a well-being agenda to assess progress and guide solutions. Thus, this book provides ideas and guidance on advancing well-being locally, nationally, and internationally. It illuminates how diverse communities and cultures can work together to strengthen these efforts. Ultimately, the well-being framework offers an equity focus; a more human centered view of how things are going; holistic approaches; and interconnectedness. The goal here is to advance global dialogue and action on the well-being construct, and to inform the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) work with others to create a Culture of Health in the United States.Less
Well-Being: Expanding the Definition of Progress : Insights From Practitioners, Researchers, and Innovators From Around the Globe
The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of deaths of despair. These challenges require new approaches catalyzing communities, cities, and countries around the globe to embrace a well-being agenda to assess progress and guide solutions. Thus, this book provides ideas and guidance on advancing well-being locally, nationally, and internationally. It illuminates how diverse communities and cultures can work together to strengthen these efforts. Ultimately, the well-being framework offers an equity focus; a more human centered view of how things are going; holistic approaches; and interconnectedness. The goal here is to advance global dialogue and action on the well-being construct, and to inform the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) work with others to create a Culture of Health in the United States.
Keywords: well-being, progress, diverse communities, well-being framework, equity, holistic approach, interconnectedness, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Culture of Health, United States
From Periphery to Core: A Process Model for Embracing Sustainability
Luciana Silvestri and Ranjay Gulati
in Leading Sustainable Change: An Organizational Perspective
Business and Management, Innovation, Knowledge Management
There is a growing call for business enterprises to adopt sustainability principles and practices, yet many established organizations continue to struggle in their quest to embrace them. This chapter ... More
There is a growing call for business enterprises to adopt sustainability principles and practices, yet many established organizations continue to struggle in their quest to embrace them. This chapter analyzes how organizations that relegate sustainability to the periphery and those that incorporate it into their core differ in their approaches to organizational identity (how they think about sustainability), strategy (how they plan for sustainability), and design (how they act towards sustainability). Advocating a holistic approach to these three fundamental organizational elements, it presents a process model that shows, along four specific stages, how an established organization can effect change in order to bring sustainability into its core. It illustrates the model through the experience of The Ford Motor Company, a long-standing organization whose efforts to bring sustainability into its core span decades and are still ongoing.Less
From Periphery to Core : A Process Model for Embracing Sustainability
Luciana SilvestriRanjay Gulati
There is a growing call for business enterprises to adopt sustainability principles and practices, yet many established organizations continue to struggle in their quest to embrace them. This chapter analyzes how organizations that relegate sustainability to the periphery and those that incorporate it into their core differ in their approaches to organizational identity (how they think about sustainability), strategy (how they plan for sustainability), and design (how they act towards sustainability). Advocating a holistic approach to these three fundamental organizational elements, it presents a process model that shows, along four specific stages, how an established organization can effect change in order to bring sustainability into its core. It illustrates the model through the experience of The Ford Motor Company, a long-standing organization whose efforts to bring sustainability into its core span decades and are still ongoing.
Keywords: core vs periphery, holistic approach, organizational identity, organizational design, strategy, sustainability
Conclusions: Striving for Data Subject Control within and beyond Data Subject Rights
Helena U. Vrabec
in Data Subject Rights under the GDPR
Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law, EU Law
Chapter 9 is a concluding section of the book. It takes a look at the rights from the perspective of effectiveness and analyses them in a more structured manner by utilising a framework of data ... More
Chapter 9 is a concluding section of the book. It takes a look at the rights from the perspective of effectiveness and analyses them in a more structured manner by utilising a framework of data protection principles from Article 5 of the GDPR. The analysis shows that data subjects' control rights are sometimes ineffective. However, this part of data protection law must be, nonetheless, maintained, because it not only serves the objective of control but has other objectives too. To mitigate the ineffectiveness, some alterative measures are considered, for example technological solutions and legal mechanisms outside of data protection law. The chapter refers to these alternatives as 'a holistic approach to control'.Less
Chapter 9 is a concluding section of the book. It takes a look at the rights from the perspective of effectiveness and analyses them in a more structured manner by utilising a framework of data protection principles from Article 5 of the GDPR. The analysis shows that data subjects' control rights are sometimes ineffective. However, this part of data protection law must be, nonetheless, maintained, because it not only serves the objective of control but has other objectives too. To mitigate the ineffectiveness, some alterative measures are considered, for example technological solutions and legal mechanisms outside of data protection law. The chapter refers to these alternatives as 'a holistic approach to control'.
Keywords: effectiveness, data protection principles, objectives, technological solutions, competition law, consumer law, AI regulation, holistic approach to control
Marxism and Ancient History
Kostas Vlassopoulos
in How to Do Things with History: New Approaches to Ancient Greece
Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE
In this chapter, Vlassopoulos explores how Marxist historiographies can be turned to productive use by contemporary historians. He argues that Marxist approaches bring four major elements that are ... More
In this chapter, Vlassopoulos explores how Marxist historiographies can be turned to productive use by contemporary historians. He argues that Marxist approaches bring four major elements that are particularly relevant for ancient history: history from below, a focus on large-scale historical change, a holistic approach to history, and metanarratives. Marxism was one of the major currents that brought history from below into ancient history, through a focus on slaves, women, and other subaltern groups. Much of this work, though, has focused on subaltern groups as passive objects of exploitation and domination and has taken the form of synchronic structural analysis, divorced from histoire événementielle. The big challenge ahead for both Marxism and ancient history is how to study subaltern groups as active agents of history and how to incorporate them into historical narrative.Less
In this chapter, Vlassopoulos explores how Marxist historiographies can be turned to productive use by contemporary historians. He argues that Marxist approaches bring four major elements that are particularly relevant for ancient history: history from below, a focus on large-scale historical change, a holistic approach to history, and metanarratives. Marxism was one of the major currents that brought history from below into ancient history, through a focus on slaves, women, and other subaltern groups. Much of this work, though, has focused on subaltern groups as passive objects of exploitation and domination and has taken the form of synchronic structural analysis, divorced from histoire événementielle. The big challenge ahead for both Marxism and ancient history is how to study subaltern groups as active agents of history and how to incorporate them into historical narrative.
Keywords: Marx, Marxism, history from below, holistic approach, metanarratives
Common Concepts of Successful Prevention Programs
Joy G. Dryfoos
in Adolescents at Risk: Prevalence and Prevention
The review of four major fields—prevention of delinquency, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and school failure (in Chapters 9 to 12)—yielded about 100 different programs that appear to have ... More
The review of four major fields—prevention of delinquency, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and school failure (in Chapters 9 to 12)—yielded about 100 different programs that appear to have potential for changing behavioral outcomes. Most of the selected programs reported evaluation data that showed improvements in social behavior or school achievement or reductions in substance abuse or unprotected sexual intercourse. However, 20 of the programs were included as examples of new interventions based on proven theories of behavioral change but with incomplete evaluations. These programs represent a cross-section of thousands of efforts to change the lives of children and youth in all parts of the country. In each chapter, the programs were loosely categorized by type. Among all the models discussed, about 10 percent fell into the category of early child or family intervention, 60 percent were school-based interventions, and 30 percent community-based or multiagency programs. Among the school-based programs, one-third involved specialized curricula, one-third provided nonacademic services in schools, and one-third dealt with school organization or were alternative schools. As we will see, the successful programs share a number of common elements, more than might be expected given the extensive differences in size, complexity, goals, and level of documentation. Among the program models are those directed at very small groups of selected high-risk children and those directed at an entire school or community. Some of the programs had a single purpose (smoking prevention), while others had multiple goals (dropout and pregnancy prevention). Some were offered at one site, while others were multisite. The criterion of primary prevention was loosely applied; some of the most successful models combined identification and counseling or teaching of potential high-risk children with treatment of those who already had the problem. The evaluation of some of the programs accepted here as models was admittedly less than ideal, demonstrating only short-term effects with imperfect control groups. However, for other models, the evaluation meets scientific standards. More than half of the evaluations were carried out by the "designers" of the programs, typically testing their own curricula in schools. Less
The review of four major fields—prevention of delinquency, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and school failure (in Chapters 9 to 12)—yielded about 100 different programs that appear to have potential for changing behavioral outcomes. Most of the selected programs reported evaluation data that showed improvements in social behavior or school achievement or reductions in substance abuse or unprotected sexual intercourse. However, 20 of the programs were included as examples of new interventions based on proven theories of behavioral change but with incomplete evaluations. These programs represent a cross-section of thousands of efforts to change the lives of children and youth in all parts of the country. In each chapter, the programs were loosely categorized by type. Among all the models discussed, about 10 percent fell into the category of early child or family intervention, 60 percent were school-based interventions, and 30 percent community-based or multiagency programs. Among the school-based programs, one-third involved specialized curricula, one-third provided nonacademic services in schools, and one-third dealt with school organization or were alternative schools. As we will see, the successful programs share a number of common elements, more than might be expected given the extensive differences in size, complexity, goals, and level of documentation. Among the program models are those directed at very small groups of selected high-risk children and those directed at an entire school or community. Some of the programs had a single purpose (smoking prevention), while others had multiple goals (dropout and pregnancy prevention). Some were offered at one site, while others were multisite. The criterion of primary prevention was loosely applied; some of the most successful models combined identification and counseling or teaching of potential high-risk children with treatment of those who already had the problem. The evaluation of some of the programs accepted here as models was admittedly less than ideal, demonstrating only short-term effects with imperfect control groups. However, for other models, the evaluation meets scientific standards. More than half of the evaluations were carried out by the "designers" of the programs, typically testing their own curricula in schools.
Keywords: Ability grouping, Bilingual education, Comprehensive services, El Puente, Financial incentives, Holistic approaches, Incentive programs, Job placement, Life Skills Training Program, Marketing