Pennsylvania Constitution
A governing document considered to be highly democratic yet with a tendency toward tyranny as the result of concentrating all powers in one set of hands
A principle of American government whereby constitutional authority is shared by three separate branches of government--the legislative, the executive, and the judicial.
Shay's Rebellion
A rebellion in 1787 led by Daniel Shays and other ex-Revolutionary War soldiers and officers to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes.
Virginia Plan
Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population
amendments(constitutional)
Changes in, or additions to, the U.S. Constitution. Two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures and ratified by approval of three-fourths of the states.
Antifederalists
Opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of largely independent states.
A law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime.
a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
The power of the legislature, executive and judicial branches of government to block some acts by the other two branches.
An alliance among different interest groups(factions) or parties to achieve some political goal.
A political system in which states or regional governments retain ultimate authority except for those powers that they expressly delegate to a central government.
Constitutional Convention
A meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced a totally new constitution still in use today.
ex post facto law
Means "after the fact". A law that makes criminal an act that was legal when it was committed, that increase the penalty for a crime after it has been committed or that changes the rules to make the conviction easier.
According to James Madison, a group of people who seek to influence public policy in ways contrary to the public good.
Supporters of a stronger central government who advocated ratification of the Constitution.
The power of the courts to declare acts of the legislature and of the executive to be unconstitutional and hence null and void.
line-item veto
The power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others.
Madision view of human nature
He saw humans as selfish and how they have a tendency to do things in their favor.
A form of democracy in which power is vested in representatives selected by means of popular competitive elections.
unalienable rights
Rights based on nature and Providence rather than on the preferences of people.
writ of habeas corpus
"You shall have the body." A court order directing a police officer, sheriff, or warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge and show sufficient cause for his or her detention.
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