Volume 6, Issue-6 (November-December 2016).
Efficacy of Macrolides versus Penicillins against Streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Ayman M. Satti, Hanan A. Alkenany, Mazin Y. Alsafi and Mohamed A. Hussain*
ABSTRACT: This review aimed to compare Penicillins with Macrolides treatment for Streptococcal Pharyngitis, in terms of clinical and bacteriological efficacy, by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, MEDLINE Plus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar (from their commencements until current date), for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Penicillins versus Macrolides treatment regarding Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Two authors independently extracted the data. To assess the risk of bias, Jadad score was used. Both Fixed and random effects models were used to generate an odd ratio (OR), and evaluate heterogeneity (I2). Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.3 was used for statistics. We included 13 studies and 5957 patients. Overall, Macrolide use was not associated with a statistically significant different compared with Penicillins use, for clinical efficacy (3050 patients; FEM: OR: 1.05, p =0.68), and no heterogeneity was found (p=0.04), whereas for bacteriologic efficacy (2907 patients; REM: OR: 1.02, p =0.96), and no homogeneity was found (p<0.00001). In the present meta-analysis study, the work could not identify any significant differences when comparing Penicillins and Macrolides concerning the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.
KeyWords: Meta-analysis, Systematic review, Macrolides, Penicillins, pharyngitis.
How to cite: Ayman M. Satti et al. Efficacy of Macrolides versus Penicillins against Streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Pharma Sci. 6(6) 2016: 1698-1704
Heavy Metal Pollution Studies of Soil and Cassava Tuber (Manihot esculenta) on the Agbaja Plateau Oworo Community of Kogi State, Nigeria
Baba, A.I., Ichado, A.S.P. and Adejoh, Ocheni*
ABSTRACT: The accumulation of heavy metals in plants is of utmost importance because intake of toxic trace elements even at a very low dose over a very long period of time can result in sensitive human organs malfunctioning and could cause chronic toxicity. Hence there is need for reliable information on crops harvested from soil containing high concentration of heavy metal, to determine the potential for the management of polluted soil. Samples were collected from farm land on the Agbaja Plateau in Lokoja Local Government area of Kogi State Nigeria, for the determination of heavy metals cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Nickel (Ni) using flame atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Soil and plant samples (Manihot esculenta) were collected, and analyzed by standard method of wet acid digestion using Aqua regia. The result for the soil sample shows the following mean concentration Cd 0.00 ± 0.00 Pb 0.532 ± 0.10 Cu 0.50 ± 0.11 Fe 2.34 ± 0.34 Zn 0.77 ± 0.04 Ni 0.67 ± 0.09 in ppm and Cd 0.00 ± 0.00 Pb 0.037 ± 0.01 Cu 0.087 ± 0.13 Fe 3.36±0.34 Zn 0.75±0.011 Ni 0.17±0.25 ppm for the cassava tuber. The observed concentrations of the heavy metals in this study were below the FAO and WHO limit guidelines for food.
KeyWords: Heavy metal, Mining, crop plant (Manihot esculenta), Soil.
How to cite: Baba, A.I. et al. Heavy Metal Pollution Studies of Soil and Cassava Tuber (Manihot esculenta) on the Agbaja Plateau Oworo Community of Kogi State, Nigeria. Int J Pharma Sci. 6(6) 2016: 1705-1710
A Validated Stability indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Pseudoephedrine, Ambroxol and Desloratadine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Krishna chinthala*, M. Krishnamurthy and Dr. Pramod kumar
ABSTRACT: A new simple, selective and precise isocratic reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed, optimized, validated and subsequently stability indicating studies were conducted for the simultaneous estimation of pseudoephedrine, ambroxol and desloratadine in bulk and tablet dosage form using RP-HPLC. The separation of analytes was carried out on C18 Inertsil ODS (250 x 4.6 mm, 5m) using Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile in the ration of 60:40 % v/v as mobile phase. The effluent flow rate was 1 ml/min and analytes were monitored and detected by PDA detector at 220 nm. Calibration curve was plotted and found linear for three drugs over the range of for 150µg/ml- 900µg/ml pseudoephedrine, 300µg/ml - 1800µg/ml for ambroxol and 25µg/ml -150µg/ml for desloratadine respectively. The mean % recovery was calculated and found to be 100.03% for pseudoephedrine, 100.32% for ambroxol and 100.28% for desloratadine. The developed analytical method was found to be specific and robust for determination of pseudoephedrine, ambroxol and desloratadine in tablet dosage form.
KeyWords: Stability RP-HPLC, Pseudoephedrine-Desloratadine, Validation.
How to cite: Krishna chinthala et al. A Validated Stability indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Pseudoephedrine, Ambroxol and Desloratadine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. Int J Pharma Sci. 6(6) 2016: 1711-1719