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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In this study, the proposed method is based on atrial activity extraction using an echo state network (ESN) re cently introduced as a unified solution to the problem of QRST cancellation in the presence of substantial variation in beat morphology and/or occasional ectopic beats [7].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:Thus, cells exposed to an electric field, rapidly fixed as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000), then labeled with FLDHP, showed intense and localized labeling of the lamellipodium (Fig.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:An increase in superioinferior breast displacement has also been positively correlated with increases in exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010), and consequently breast biomechanics research has made recommendations to wear a high level of breast support (sports bra) when exercising to reduce breast pain (Bridgman et al.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:expression of nutrient transporters and the thickness of the cell layers separating the maternal and fetal capillaries (interhaemal thickness), representing the barrier to diffusion of nutrients and gases (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:However, Mrgprs have been reported more recently to also be expressed in peptidergic neurons (Liu et al. 2009, 2010).
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Text:There are several indications that our protocol, although simpler than that of Mogyoros and colleagues, provides similar results in normal subjects (Mogyoros et al., 1996).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:Autoaggregation and colony morphology changes induced by Ag43 (Diderichsen, 1980; Henderson et al., 1997a) occur only in certain genetic backgrounds (e.g. E. coli K-12) and are not pronounced properties of E. coli ML308-225 derivatives, a phenomenon probably related to the presence of different…
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:Previously, a Dutch study [24] revealed that IDH1mutation was a good predictor of OS but not response to temozolomide after radiotherapy in patients with low-grade astrocytomas, which is in agreement with our findings.
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Text:Based on the alignments, phylogenetic trees were inferred using the maximum likelihood (ML) method in the PHYML program (Guindon and Gascuel 2003) in Geneious 5.3.5 package with the General-timereversible (GTR) substitution model.
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Text:These results, of a fast short term depression of the fEPSP with a gradual return to baseline, coincide with former findings reported with NMDA application on hippocampal cell culture [60] [61].
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Text:…seeks to infer agents’ goals along with their plans for achieving them from sequences of observable actions, has been studied for tasks ranging from traffic monitoring (Pynadath and Wellman 2000) to operating system usage (Blaylock and Allen 2003) to story understanding (Charniak and Goldman 1993).
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Text:The KCEF is therefore an extension of the KEF introduced in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017.
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Text:It is worth noting that there are many useful results on the dynamical behavior of neural networks with discontinuous activation functions (see [17-33, 49-52]).
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Text:Other extra-renal symptoms may consist of intracranial arterial aneurysms, cardiac valvular defects, abdominal and inguinal hernias, and colonic diverticulosis [1, 3, 17].
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Text:To generate transgenic Arabidopsis, constructs were mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL-1 using triparental mating, and transformed into Arabidopsis by vacuum infiltration as described in [39].
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Text:(d) Degradation of 35S-labeled wild-type human cycB1-NT (1-88) in mitotic Xenopus extract supplemented concomitantly with unlabeled WT human cycB1-NT (1-88), WT or D-box mutant sea urchin cyclin B1 NT (13-110), at indicated concentrations.
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Text:They include the ER, 595 with its rough and smooth domains (Sitia and Meldolesi, 1992), the neuronal 596 plasma membrane, with different compositions in the soma and dendrites 597 (Bradke and Dotti, 2000), and even the cytosol, where gradients of calcium 598 and other second messengers are…
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Text:In particular, in [10] the authors have discussed the transition behavior during the change between two time-invariant discrete-time wavelet transforms.
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Text:A key difficulty that we address in this work is that relative to previous analysis [14] a new source of error arises from the approximation of γ(t) by γ̄(t).
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Text:Motion energy filters (MEF; Watson & Ahumada, 1985; Adelson & Bergen, 1985) are built from subunits with separable spatial and temporal receptive fields, as is the case for many V1 simple cells (Robson, 1966; Tolhurst & Movshon, 1975; Field & Tolhurst, 1986; DeAngelis, Ohzawa, & Freeman, 1995; De…
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Text:This result is in congruence with studies that showed a negative association between screen media usage and academic performance [26-31].
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Text:Down’s syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) has been shown to regulate dendrite self-avoidance inDrosophila (Hughes et al., 2007;Matthews et al., 2007; Soba et al., 2007) and mouse (Fuerst et al., 2008, 2009).
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Text:This finding is in accordance with the results of cross-sectional studies in various populations from Italy, Japan, and China [9-14,18].
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Text:The SBF with biophysically realistic model oscillators Cosine oscillators were extensively used in numerical simulations of interval timing models with great success [13,21,52].
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Text:Previous results in this regard were controversial, showing that Treg cells impair [17] or improve [18] angiogenesis after limb ischaemia.
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Text:This is consistent with the findings of previous studies of the neural substrates of sleep-dependent enhancement of motor sequence learning (Walker et al., 2005a; Albouy et al., 2008; Debas et al., 2010).
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Text:As such, the Health Action Process Approach model [47] was utilised to identify evidence-based determinants including: low outcome expectations, low risk perception, low self-efficacy, and lack of social support for healthy lifestyle.
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Text:Similar results were observed in a study of phenotypic relationships of health disorders to lactation persistency (Appuhamy et al., 2007).
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Text:6 Workflow referencemodel—example state transitions for a task instance (taken from [23])
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Text:These are in keeping with earlier studies on the steadystate response (2, 5, 8), step-function response, (3, 5, 6, 14) and sinusoidal response ( 14) of the various vascular beds.
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Text:Recognition was defined as repetition in trial 2 of the
identification response given in trial 1, regardless of correct identification (as in D’Angiulli & Waraich, 2002).
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Text:The ROC curve was calculated by varying the probability values (i.e., the decision criterion) of error classification from 0% to 100% and plotting the associated true positives and false positives (Fawcett, 2006; Macmillan & Creelman, 2005).
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Text:In the experiments reported here, we used SFOLD [30] to estimate the marginal distribution at each nucleotide over structural contexts (e.g. paired, unpaired, hairpin loop) for each position of the sequence by sampling a large number of structures for the sequence according to the Boltzmann distribution.
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Text:Late viral proteins are instead structural elements necessary for new particle assembly and formation and for the lysis of the cell that occurs after maturation [12].
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Text:The current trendsetters in predictive coding are the motor control crowd who have developed, empirically validated, and promoted the notion of internal forward models as a neural mechanism necessary for smooth, efficient motor control (Kawato, 1999; Shadmehr et al. 2010; Wolpert et al. 1995).
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Text:Past research has documented regional variations in Medicare spending and the use of specific services per beneficiary [3-5], or costs and service use for people with specific illnesses [6-10].
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Text:Genomic DNA was purified from various tissue specimens and PBLs by previously described methods.(26,28,49) The amplification of Sm–Sa fragments from in vivo switched cells was also performed as described before.
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Text:Lymphoproliferative lesions include a wide range of diseases such as benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma, based on varying degrees of histopathologic and immunophenotypic features.(1-30) The approach to treatment of a lymphoid tumor of the eye and its adnexa includes an assessment of the patient’s ocular and systemic status.
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Text:Moreover, SB269970 improved reversal learning deficits induced by subchronic PCP in rats (McLean et al. 2009b).
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Text:In addition, abnormal guidewire position on fluoroscopy may also indicate perforation [11, 17].
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Text:Protein sequences were clustered using Proteinortho [34] in the blastp+-mode, thus performing a pairwise all-against-all comparison of sequences from different species to derive orthologous relationships.
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Text:Our implementation was based on Caffe (Jia et al., 2014), which is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks.
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Text:…of NMDAR antagonists have been suggested to be highly useful models of the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (Stefani and Moghaddam 2002; Abdul-Monim et al. 2007; Grayson et al. 2007; Rodefer et al. 2005; McLean et al. 2009a; Nagai et al. 2009; Young et al. 2009; Snigdha et al. 2010).
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Text:Previous data from our group revealed that GDNF up-regulation is crucial to estradiolinduced dopaminergic protection in 6-OHDA-treated midbrain cell cultures [10].
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Text:The size of the images were reduced to 512 √ó 341 pixels and then PCA-SIFT was applied to extract feature vectors.
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Text:It was also reported that the high-dose X-irradiation to hypocatalasemic mice readily induces signet ring cell carcinoma [19].
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Text:Those molecules include the b-secretase called b-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) [2,3] and the transcriptional modulator activating
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Text:2007) or a multiple dominant marker line T586 (including a fuzzless locus N1) (Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007).
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Text:Mammalian lysozymes are c-type muramidases, capable of both hydrolysis and transglycosylation (Jolles et al., 1974; Jolles and Jolles, 1984).
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Text:To further investigate whether signaling upstream of JNK1/2 is also influenced, we examined the activation of MEK, MKK3/6, MKK4 and MKK7, which activate downstream JNK1/2(31-33).
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Text:Content validity was examined by 9 experts with clinical service of more than 15 years each.(12) The internal consistency was estimated with the use of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.
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Text:25 (Carlson and Seamons 2008). Although this is a modest value, it does provide ample opportunity for natural selection to operate. The other condition – a selective differential – is clearly met. Hydropower development has profoundly changed freshwater environmental conditions experienced by Snake River fall Chinook salmon, so ample reason exists to believe that selective pressures for age at smolting could have changed as well. Our analyses suggest that the possibility of rapid evolutionary change in juvenile migration tactic within the last 50–60 years. Credence is lent to this hypothesis by research that has concluded that evolutionary changes have been experienced by introduced Chinook salmon populations over a 90-year period in New Zealand. There, Unwin et al. (2000) documented a divergence in juvenile migratory timing associated with differences in water temperatures that had affected juvenile growth, an association similar to that observed in Snake River fall Chinook salmon.
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Text:Still, the majority of speech apraxia cases do not seem to carry causal mutations in FOXP2, BCL11A or ERC1 [6, 11, 12].
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Text:, 2002) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (Kushida and Gotoda, 2013; Miyazaki et al., 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al.
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Text:Our previous report showed that the corresponding lysine residue of T. thermophilus acyl-CoA synthetase was also propionylated (Okanishi et al. 2014).
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Text:The non-trivial baselines were two n-gram models, adopted from previous goal recognition work (Blaylock and Allen 2003; Mott et al. 2006).
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Text:suggested that there was little evidence of the contribution of methylation to downregulation of miR-99a [10].
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Text:However, the real contribution may be substantially greater than this if, as has been shown previously, respondents tend to over-report their physical activity using IPAQ [28].
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Text:SIFT uses DoG function to identify the potential features and it uses 128-dimensional vector to store the feature vector.
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Text:014 roviding important information for surgical management nd postoperative outcomes for patients with ERM.(5,6) pectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT; also known as Fourieromain or high-speed OCT) is a new technology that has een demonstrated recently.
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Text:Unlike Bcl-2, which is highly expressed in naïve and memory T cells and rapidly downregulated after T cell activation, Mcl-1 expression is strongly induced after TCR stimulation (Dunkle et al., 2011; Opferman et al., 2003).
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Text:multiple equilibria, see Albanesi et al. (2003), King and Wolman (2004) and Blake and Kirsanova (2012), and a simple New Keynesian model is not appropriate to investigate many consequences of policy delegation.
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Text:The apparent disparity between physiologic and neurologic/ fetotoxic effects of PCP on mortality and morbidity is consistent with previous studies of PCP [20,29,36].
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Text:These results are in agreement with phylogenies previously reported for AGT sequences (Chen et al., 2008;Wong and Takei, 2011; Umasuthan et al., 2012).
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Text:We compared these patient experiences to those of patients with chronic disease that had received in-person post-test genomic counseling in a parent study randomized controlled trial (RCT) [18].
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Text:Specifically, we compare our methods against V-MDAV [35] because it is the most similar method to MDAV and its variant CBFS.
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Text:The clinical trial protocol and the flow cytometry staining and analysis procedures used to acquire data in this study have been described in detail elsewhere [8,33].
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Text:Down’s syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) has been shown to regulate dendrite self-avoidance inDrosophila (Hughes et al., 2007;Matthews et al., 2007; Soba et al., 2007) and mouse (Fuerst et al.
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Text:…of corticospinal projections from the site of stimulation, indexed by reduced amplitude of motor evoked potentials in relaxed hand muscles (Chen et al., 1997; Maeda et al., 2000; Touge et al., 2001; Romero et al., 2002; Tsuji and Rothwell, 2002). rTMS at 1 Hz reduces the amplitude of the…
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Text:QUERI researchers’ use of HIT was concentrated in five distinct areas: (1) clinical decision support systems (CDSS); (2) HIT tools targeted for specific users; (3) telehealth applications; (4) design and maintenance of VA-wide databases; (5) integration and innovative use of extant VA-wide data (Table 2).
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Text:This was followed by multiple pediatric case reports [9, 13, 15, 21, 23] and combined adult and pediatric series [16, 24, 27].
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Text:These domains comprise verbal fluency (Triggs et al., 1999; Fabre et al., 2004), attentional control (Vanderhasselt et al., 2009), reaction time (O’Connor et al., 2005; Bloch et al., 2008; Vanderhasselt et al., 2009), executive functions/working memory (Martis et al., 2003; Bloch et al., 2008),…
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Text:The epidemic curves in the Montreal network occasionally exhibit multiple peaks, driven by underlying community structure [56].
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Text:A similar degree of desensitization was found in adolescent animals, a developmental time period in which the PFC is vulnerable for long-term adaptations induced by nicotine (Counotte et al., 2011b; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012a).
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Text:Interregional GABAergic neurons have been described also in the adult isocortex (Gonchar et al., 1995; Fabri and Manzoni, 1996; Jinno and Kosaka, 2004; Tomioka et al., 2005; Apergis-
Schoute et al., 2007).
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Text:…degree of FA unsaturation in skeletal muscle membrane PLs has been shown to correlate positively with insulin sensitivity (Borkman et al., 1993; Pan et al., 1995), whereas the proportion of 16:0 in both skeletal muscle PLs and TGs correlated negatively with insulin sensitivity (Vessby et al.,…
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Text:However, luciferase gene expression from the IFN-stimulated Mx1 promoter or the SV40 promoter was reduced by PR(1-80)Tx(80-239) but not by Tx(1-80)PR(81-230) (Fig.
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Text:Since a NO donor relaxed the pylorus in vitro (17) , NO could be the putative NANC inhibitory neurotransmitte r at the pylorus.
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Text:With neurodisruption techniques, it is now established that both SEF (Stuphorn and Schall, 2006) and IFG (Chambers et al., 2006, 2007) are critical for inhibitory control.
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Text:As the T99 mutant was rendered unable to grow on 4-CP by an insertion of a transposon into a hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase gene, the results suggest that cleavage of hydroxyquinol is a vital part of degradation of 4-NP and 4-BP as well as of 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005).
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Text:These results appear consistent with PCR amplification bias favoring GCneutral content as previously documented for RNA-seq data (7, 17, 65).
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Text:Nowadays, there are only a few studies that have a systemic view on these accidents (Bentley 2008) and which try, by using detailed analysis (Gao and Abeysekera 2004, Leclercq and Thouy 2004, Bentley et al. 2005, 2006, Derosier 2005), to enlighten contributing factors and root causes involved in…
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Text:…I analyzed these data using a multi-level mixed-effects linear regression (GLMM, lme package in R software, 2.7.2,
Foundation for Statistical Computing, R Development Core Team 2008), which uses t-tests to test the null hypothesis that a coefficient equals 0 (Bolker et al. 2009; Crawley 2007).
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Text:It has been previously reported that chronic exposure to glucocorticoid can inhibit gonadotropin (LH and FSH) secretion as evidence by decrease responsiveness to administered GnRH and subnormal plasma testosterone.(16) LH is the hormone involved in the regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein that deliver cholesterol to inner mitochondria for steroidogenesis in the Leydig cell.
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Text:On the other hand, the conservative treatment is more often complicated by re-rupture of the Achilles tendon [14, 16, 31].
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Text:Amplicon preparation, sequencing and data analysis were conducted for all 44 samples as described previously (Hospodsky et al., 2012).
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Text:The cause is the direct effect of the antigen-antibody complex that triggers an inflammatory cascade mostly mediated by cytokines Th1 [17, 19].
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Text:Nevertheless, podocytes have been shown to possess a differentiated amino acid transport system [73] including vesicular glutamate transporter [74, 75], and recent findings reveal more and more similarities between podocytes and neuronal cells.
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Text:Our results are in agreement with the findings of a study in Brazil which also calculated low internal radiation doses for granite industry workers (Estellita et al 2010).
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Text:Previous studies indicate that jellyfish planulae have different substrate choices and settlement preferences between natural and artificial materials (Holst & Jarms, 2007; Hoover & Purcell, 2009; Duarte et al., 2012).
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Text:Our proof borrows heavily from the work of Hori, Herbst and Page [5], in which they give a detailed physical argument for a generalisation of Orlov’s result.
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Text:The coordinated formation of each of these components is crucial to synaptic function, and genetic studies have revealed multiple conserved pathways that control their development (Collins and DiAntonio, 2007; Harris and Littleton, 2015; Menon et al., 2013).
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Text:The average magnitude of the NBR increases with increasing stimulus intensity and duration (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002), suggesting that NBR reflects neuronal inhibition required to optimise task performance, by reducing sensitivity and allocation of processing resources to the unattended or irrelevant part of the sensory field.
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Text:…for multiple bands is that chick brain contains at least two BgtR subtypes because of the expression of a8 subunits (Schoepfer et al., 1990; Gotti et al., 1992, 1994; Keyser et al., 1993). a8 subunits, which are highly homologous to a7 subunits, are not found in mammals (Elgoyhen et al.,…
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Text:Even though many studies about complications following transpedicular instrumentation have been reported [2, 11, 17, 20], the possibility of adjacent superior facet joint violation that may lead to instability, which can bring about adjacent segmental degeneration, has not been studied in detail.
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Text:Several studies revealed redundant and essential roles of both, class I and II HDACs, in multiple levels of development and tissue patterning (De Rubertis et al., 1996; Shi and Mello 1998; Lagger et al. 2002; Brunmeir et al., 2009; Pillai et al., 2004).
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Text:TPC, TFC, FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC values were slightly different from, but comparable to, values in other reports (Cardador-Martinez et al., 2002; Heimler et al., 2005; Xu et al., 2007).
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Text:In preliminary implementations of SSEhunter, the identified structural features have been used to establish virus evolutionary relationships (Baker et al., 2005) and compare ion channel structures (Ludtke et al.
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Text:Because previous work [10, 9, 5] has found strong diurnal patterns in traffic matrices, the third generation methods we study assume that when flow monitors are turned on, they remain on for 24 hours.
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Text:Chen (2001) developed a new FMADM approach for resolving the DC location selection problem under fuzzy environments based on a stepwise ranking procedure.
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