id
stringlengths
1
6
articleBody
stringlengths
1
295k
description
stringlengths
1
14.1k
headline
stringlengths
0
157
title
stringlengths
1
157
0
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื. ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื•ื ื™ื”ืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืจื•ื“ื‘ ืืช ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืง, ื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืคื•ืจืจ, ืฉืจื›ืฉื• ืืžื ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืชืžื•ืจืช ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื‘ื–ืง. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ืกื‘ืจ ืื—ืจืช. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•, ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ 26.3% ื‘ื‘ื–ืง ืœื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ื˜ื™ืจืคื“ 3-2 ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืœื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ืฉืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ ื ื—ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ืง ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืฅ ื‘ืขื“ ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืจื•ื“ื‘, ื•ืžื ืขื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™. ืฉื ื—ืœ ืงื• ื”ืฉื‘ืจ. ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืคื›ื• ืงืคื•ืื™ื. ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ื (ื‘') ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืฉ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœื— ืจื•ื“ื‘ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื”ื: "ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™. ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™. ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”". ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื ื“ื”ืžื• ืžื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื”, ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืจื™ื—ืคื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช. ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™. ื’ื ื‘ืกืจืฆ'ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ืคืชืขื• ืžื”ืžื›ืชื‘. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืชื’ื™ืข, ื•ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื›ืš ืฉ"ืœื ืชืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืช ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช". ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืจื•ื“ื‘ ืกื™ืจื‘, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื•ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื”ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื, ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื–ืง; ื”ื ืžืงืคื—ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื; ื•ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื–ืง. ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืคืขืœ ืœื˜ืจืคื“ ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื ื‘ืืกื™ืคืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื™, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื ืจื•ื‘ ืœืขืžื“ืชื•. ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืกืจืฆืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ ื”ื•ื‘ืกื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืกื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืื•ื™ืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืกื™ืคื”, ืฉืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื ืชื•ืžืจ ืจืื‘"ื“. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืืกื™ืคื” ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื•ื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ื”ื›ืขืก ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื—ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ืื’ื‘, ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืจื•ื“ื‘ ื™ืคืจื•ืฉ. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื—"ืฆื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื” ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื˜ื™ืจืคื“ ื’ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™. ื”ื•ื ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืง ืฉื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ื—"ืฆื™ื ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืง, ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืœื•ืกืงื™ ื•ื–ืื‘ ื•ื•ืจืžื‘ืจื ืจื“,ืฉืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื’ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืงื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชึพื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื’ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืง ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื•, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžืงืคื—. ื‘ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจื” ื‘ื–ืง ืœืืกื™ืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ึพ14 ื‘ืžืื™ ืฆื•ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืกืขื™ืฃ ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื”. "ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™. ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืขื ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”. ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช", ืืžืจ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื–ืง. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•"ืจ ื ื•ืงืฉื”. ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ืึพืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืœืคื•ืœื™ื’ืจืฃ, ื›ืฉื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ืฉ"ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืชืง ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื•ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืš ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ืžืฉืจื“ KPMG ื”ืชืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื™ืจื—ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื ืฉืืจ. ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคื•ืจืจ ื™ืžื ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื•ื“ื‘, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ืืœื ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช. ืขื“ ืื– ื™ืžื•ื ื” ื™ื•"ืจ ื–ืžื ื™, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื ืจืข ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื’ืจื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•"ืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื•ื“ื‘. ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื• ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ืื’ื‘, ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื“ื‘. ื‘ื–ืง ืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื™ ื”ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื–ืืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœ 1.94 ืฉืงืœ ืœืžื ื™ื” ื‘ึพ16 ื‘ืžืจืฅ, ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื”, ื•ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 17% ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืื– ื›ื ื™ืกืชื•. ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืจื•ื“ื‘, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืชึพื”ื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 2020 ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 11% ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื ืงื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืœึพ332 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ, ื–ืืช ื—ืจืฃ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 3% ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช. ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืกื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”, ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืจื•ื•ื— ืขื ื”ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืง ืฉื’ืจืจื” ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ึพืงื•ื. ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืชืจืžื” ื’ื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืขื– ื”ื ื“ืœ ืฉื ืชืคืก ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ื–ืง ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื” ืœื‘ื–ืง, ื•ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ื›ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื•ืจืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ื”ืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืจื•ื“ื‘ ืืช ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ืฉืงืคืชื ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืคื•ืจืจ, ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืจื•ื“ื‘ ื ืœื—ื, ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™, ื•ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืชื™ื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื›ื™ ืžืืก ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”
ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ืœืจื•ื“ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช
ืกืจืฆ'ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ืœืจื•ื“ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช
1
ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืชื ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœ- 12 ืž"ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืฉื˜ื— ื“ื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื—ืช ืž-60 ืž"ืจ; ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉืจื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื” ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื”; ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019 ืื™ืฉืจื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื‘ืœื• ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 12 ืž"ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœืฉื˜ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ 60 ืž"ืจ. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืฉืžืื™ ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืชืงืŸ 21, ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 25-12 ืž"ืจ ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื” (ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 25 ืž"ืจ). ืื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื ืชื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 12 ืž"ืจ ื•ืœืฉื˜ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื—ืช ืž-65 ืž"ืจ. ื”ืžื’ืžื”, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืž-25 ืž"ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœ-12 ืž"ืจ ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืชื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืฆืขื“ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืื˜ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขืกืงื•ืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™? ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื. ืขื•ื“ ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืžืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื™ืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ื–ื. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื–ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื—ื ื™ื” ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืขืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืกื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื— ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืœื“ื™ืจืชื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”; ืื ื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืงื• ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื•/ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• "ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง". ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ืขืœื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขืœ 12 ืž"ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื˜ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 12 ืž"ืจ ืชืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš, ืžื™ื™ื’ืข ื•ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ, ื”ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 12 ืž"ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจืคืชืงื”. ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื’ื•ืจืกืช ื›ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืงืคืื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ื™ื–ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื›ื ื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 12 ืž"ืจ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื™ื™ืืœืฅ ื”ื™ื–ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื™ืจื“ื• ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื? ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื“ ื•ื”ื ื’ื“. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืš ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืชื’ืœื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืื•ืจืš ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืกืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื—ืชืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ื–ื, ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื โ€“ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉืฉืจืจ ืขืจื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื•ืช ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื™ื–ื ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืกืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืชืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืŸ 21. ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื™ืฆื ืฉื›ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ืŸ. ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืืœ ื•ืฉื•ืช' โ€“ ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืืœ ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ >>
ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ โ€“ ื”ืื ืชื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืื• ืฉืžื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื? ืขื•"ื“ ืื•ืจื™ืช ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืืœ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืชื›ืช
ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ื•ืจืกืช: ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœ-12 ืž"ืจ?
ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ื•ืจืกืช: ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœ-12 ืž"ืจ?
2
ื–ื•ื›ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื ื” ื’ื™ืœื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื”ื ืชื•ืฆืžื“ ืจืง ื—ื ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ, ืฉืœื˜ืขื ืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื•ื˜ืจื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืชืฉืข ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 147 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื”ืŸ 27 ื™ื™ืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ึพ14 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœืžโ€ืจ, ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ึพ1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืœึพ2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื‘"ืข, ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืฉ 298 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืชึพืงืจืงืขื™ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื™ื•ืฆืžื“ื• ืฉืชื™ ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 54 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ืชืจ 120 ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืžื“ ืจืง ื—ื ื™ื” ืื—ืช. ื›ึพ20 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืžื“ื• ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ. ืžื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉึพ104 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืฆืžื“ื”. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื, ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื›ืžื™ืœ ืฉื’ืจืื•ื•ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื’ืจืื•ื•ื™ SBC ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืคืจื˜, ืฉื”ื•ืคืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2017, "ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืžื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช". ืขื•ื“ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื›ื™ "ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืžื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ". ืžื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื›ืžื™ืœ ืฉื’ืจืื•ื•ื™ ืœื ื ืžืกืจื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”. ืœืคื™ ืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืจืขื ื ื”, ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื” ืžืขืœ 75 ืž"ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ึพ1.7 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 120 ืž"ืจ ื•ืžืขืœื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื”. ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ 147 ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืžืขืœ 75 ืž"ืจ, ื•ึพ33 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืžืขืœ 120 ืž"ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœึพ260 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชืงืŸ. ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช. ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืžื“ืช ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืžื“ื• ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืืœื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ืกืจ ื–ืืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื’ื ืื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืš. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื›ืœ ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ 28 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื•ื›ึพ3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืขื•"ื“ ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืœื•ื™, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื›ึพ50 ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜: "ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื ืคื’ืขื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื–ื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ื—ื ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช". ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: "ืชืงืŸ ื—ื ื™ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืžื“ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืžื›ืจื–ื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืœื“ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืžื“ืช ื—ื ื™ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืžื“ืชืŸ ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช". ืžืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืจืขื ื ื” ื ืžืกืจ: โ€œื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืžืจ ืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืชืืจื™ืš 13.6.2016, ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ 75 ืžโ€ืจ, ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 75ึพ120 ื•ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืœ 120 ืžโ€ืจ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจืชโ€.
ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื ื” ืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ 298 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™. ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ืกืจ ื–ืืช, ืืš ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืชื™ืจื” ืœื•
ื™ื–ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ืงืžื‘ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื“ 100 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช
ื™ื–ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ืงืžื‘ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื“ 100 ื—ื ื™ื•ืช
3
ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ. ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ืœื ืชืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžื ืกื” ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 8.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•. ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืค"ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœื• 26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ื ืืžื ื•ืช. ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื—ื’ื’ ืืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื•, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืขืœื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืขื ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื - ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”. ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ืœืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช (RFEF), ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื‘-11 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜. "ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘-RFEF, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช (FFF) ื•ืœืคื™ืค"ื", ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื”. "ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืœื ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื–ืืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืœื 8.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•-10% ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื’ื ืฉืื ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื™ืกืจื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ืชืžืžืŸ ื–ืืช". ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื—ืชื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงืืžืค ื ื•ืื• ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— 26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ 222 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ืœืคืจื™ื–, ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื’'ื•ื–ืฃ ื‘ื™ื‘ืก ืื™ืฉืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื•. "ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื ืื™ื ืœื—ื•ื–ื”: ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืœื ื™ื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž ืขื ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 31 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™, ืฉื ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ืข ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘-1 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ", ืืžืจ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ. "ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก, ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ". ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืงืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคืจื™ื– ืขื“ ืœ-3 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ืฅ ืืช ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื•ืžืจ: ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ ืžื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”", ืืžืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืœื•ื– ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. "ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื•ืฆื”. ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืžืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืžืจื•ืฆื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื”ื. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื™ืฉืชืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื•ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืืจ".
ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื ืชืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžื ืกื” ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ
ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ, ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”
ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ, ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”
4
ืžื ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื ืคืœื” ื‘-9% ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืœื” (ื”') ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”-7 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืื›ื–ื‘ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ืกื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 1.1% ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ 60.4 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ 255.7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช - ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืชื•ืื ืฉืœ 1.19 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื” (5.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ) ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืœ-1.11 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื”, ื•-92 ืกื ื˜ ืœืžื ื™ื” (4.18 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ) ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”. ื›ืŸ ื ืจืฉืžื• ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ 19.73 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืœ-18.55 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื• -16.51 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืืฉืชืงื“ (ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ 20%). ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื”ืฆืคื™ ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืชื•ืื ืฉืœ 1.1 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœ-1.14 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื”. ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ 18.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืœ-17.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 4.85 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ 75 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืฉืœ 4.81 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 73.86 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ืžืกืจื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืขืœื” ื‘-20% ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 23% ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื, ืจืฉืžื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 7% ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ 9.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืœ-9.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืื˜ื”, ืฉืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืฉืจืชื™ื, ืชืจืžื” 7.12 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช - ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 43%. ื”ืฆืคื™ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ 6.61 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืขืงื‘ ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืจืฉืžื” ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœ 76% ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช - ืœ-1.66 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืœ-1.29 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืกื™ืคืงื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืงืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ ื”-7 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœื” - ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืœื• ืฉืœ AMD. ืžื”ืฆื”ืจืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื”. ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื™ืขื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2021. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช AMD ืขืœื• ื‘-6% ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ.
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืžื ื ืกื™ืคืง ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืš ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืขื ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 1.1 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืคื™ ืœ-1.14; ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ ื”-7 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”
ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืื›ื–ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื™ื” ื‘-9% ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ
ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืื›ื–ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื™ื” ื‘-9% ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ
5
ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉืจ, ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ื™ืฉืจ (57) ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉืจ ืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ื“ื™ื–ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืกื ื˜ืจ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™, ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืš ืœื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, "ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื" ื‘ื ื™ 30โ€“40 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื›ืจืš. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืชื›ื ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ 1, ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ 17, ืžื’ื“ืœ W, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืžืจื•ื ื ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ื ื•. ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช, ืงืฆืช ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ - ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื•ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื, ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ - ื‘ื“ื™ืจืช ื’ื’ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ื ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื”ืกื ื“ืœืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื™ื—ืฃ. "ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื’ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืงืกื™ื", ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื ื•ืฃ, ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืคืชื•ื—. ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื“ืฉื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืจืฆื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ, ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกืจื˜. ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”". ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืขื•ื“ 400 ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื‘ืœืช? "ื–ื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ. ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืžืขืœื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืœื™ื” ืขื’ืœืช ืชืื•ืžื™ื, ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืง ืื•ืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืืฆืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช, ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืืฉืคื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœืš. ื›ืฉืืช ื’ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื™ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื. ื–ื”ื•. ืื– ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืื ืžืขืœื™ื™ืš ื™ืฉ 10 ืื• 37 ืงื•ืžื•ืช? ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื™ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช, ืื ื”ื›ืœ ื ืงื™ ื•ื ื—ืžื“ - ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื™? ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื’ื ืœื ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ". ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ืœื ืžืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื”? "ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ืง ืœื™, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื’ืจื” ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื. ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ื™ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžืžื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื 'ืขืžืžื™' ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™". ืืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืš ืื ื˜ื™? ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ื ืžื ื” ืขื ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ. "ืืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ื ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื ื™ ืœื ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜, ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื–ื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคื™, ืื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™, ื›ืจื’ืข ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื ืงืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ ืฉื—ืคืฅ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื• ืžืคื•ืืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืคื™ื ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื. ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ". ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื–ื™ ื”ืืœืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ? "ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ื—ื“ื• ืื•ืชืŸ. ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืื›ืœืก 120 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ - ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข - ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื 30 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. "ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื 120 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืง 37. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื• ื—ืฉื•ืš, ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื™ ื”ืœื‘. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื ื• ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืžื˜ืจื”. ืื ื–ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืื– ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืื•ืชืŸ 37 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื” ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืœื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขื 400 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืœืืžืก. ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช". "ืขื™ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื ืžื™" ื™ืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื• ื”ืžื•ื ื” 50 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• "ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ". ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ, ื•ืฆืœื™ืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื• ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืกืืค ื‘ืจืขื ื ื”, "ืงื•ืคืกืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืงื•ืคื”, ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืจื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ืช ื•ื ืกื’ืจืช ืœืคื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื ืขืœืžืช, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืš ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืœื’ืžืจื™". ื”ืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื“ืจื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืŸ 30 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, "ืื—ื“ ื‘ืŸ 30 ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืจืง ืžื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ึพ20. ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžืคืฆืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช". ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื, 57 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ 300 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ. "ืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช", ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ื–ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—. ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื” ืฆืžื—ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืจืง ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•. ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื›ื”. ืื ืœื ื ืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืฆืจื•ืจื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ 30 ืฉื ื” ื ื”ื™ื” 15โ€“17 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื•ืื ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืชื›ืกื” ื‘ืืกืคืœื˜ ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื, ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื“ืฉื ืฉืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ึพ9 ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ึพ5:30 ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื - ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืชืœื. "ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื™ ืคืฉื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ. ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื• ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื. ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืœ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื•ืช. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆื•ืคืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื, ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื”. ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื ืœื ื›ื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื - ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. "ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืœื›ืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2025, ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืกืžืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืืœื ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืžืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืžื’ื“ืœ. ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืชืื•ืฉืจ ื›ื›ื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืฉื›ื ืข. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ 2.5 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืž"ื 38". ืœืžื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”? "ืขื™ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื ืžื™. ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื–, ืขื™ืจ ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืžืžื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืงืกื. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืื ื™ ืžืชืจืฉื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” - ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— - ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืงืฆืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืกื ื™ืœื ื“, ืงืฆืช ืชืคืื•ืจืชื™. ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. "ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืขื ื™ ืœื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจ. ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื. ืžื’ื“ืœ "ื”ืฉืืจื“" ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”: ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืžืื•ื“ ื ื•ืขื– ื•ื™ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ื—ืจื™ื’. ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืœื. ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื‘ื ื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืŸ 30 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืŸ ืžื™ืฉืœ ืขื ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื•ืขืชื™ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•, ื•ืžืื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ื–ื”ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื'. ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”. "ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ 10 ืื• 15 ืฉื ื” ื—ื“ืจ ื™ืขืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื›ื•ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื’ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 130โ€“140 ืž"ืจ - ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ืงืจืงืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืงืจื”, ื•ืื– ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” 5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ. ืื ื”ื™ื• ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืœ 40 ืž"ืจ, ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื”. ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง". ืื™ื–ื” ืงื• ืจืงื™ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ืš? ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง? ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ื‘ืื™? ืœืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ? "ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื• ื”ืจืงื™ืข ืคื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ืคื” ื•ืื™ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื'. ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื, ื›ืฉื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฆืžื—ื• ืคื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืฆืช ืžืงืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”. ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืื“ื™ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื”". ืื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”? "ืขืจื™ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ 2.7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” - 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืขืกืงื™ื. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืžืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช, ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืืฉืคื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืืจื ื•ื ื”, ืื– ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื ืขืกืงื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื. ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ ืืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”. ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”". "ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืจื™ื" ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื–ื ื—ื• ืœื“ืขืชืš? ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืงืจื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช? "ื™ืฉ ื ืชืง ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื›ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ืงื™ืŸ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื•. ื™ืฉ TLV ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช. "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืงืจื•, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืžื•ืกืจื™. ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™, ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืš. ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืืช TLV ื”ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช ื•ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืช - ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”ื–ื•. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืืฃ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฉื›ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™. ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ, ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื” ื™ืชืงืฆืจื• ื•ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช - ืœื 'ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘' ืขื ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ". ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืฉื ื‘ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ื? "ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืงืœื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื”. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืœืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืžืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช: ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืกื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืœืง, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ืคืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ - ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื” ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช". ื›ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ืขืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื”? "ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ืื ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ - ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืื’"ื— ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืขืจื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจ. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืื™ืœืช. ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืื ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื˜ื™ืกื” ื—ื™ื ื ืœืื™ืœืช ื‘ึพ30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืžื” ื™ื™ืกืขื•?" ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื? ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข? ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื’ืช? ืื•ืคืงื™ื? "ืื ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ื•ื‘ึพ2035 ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ 16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ืื– ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ืœื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื›ืŸ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื’ืฉื’, ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ, ืขื™ืจ ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื” ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื”ื. ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื”. ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 30 ืงื•ืžื•ืช. ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ. ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ืคื”. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช". "ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืฉื" ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ื•ื "ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืชื›ื ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื: 'ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”'. ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื ื•ื—ื”, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื•, ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื ื•ื—ื” ืœื• ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื‘ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช: ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืžืื™ื™ื, ืœื ืžืคื•ืืจ ืžื“ื™, ืœื ืขืžืžื™ ืžื“ื™, ืชื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืงืกื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ื ื•ืกื—ื”". ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 90, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืžื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืจ, ื–ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ึพืกื•ืคืจืŸ ืจืžื” ืกืžืกื•ื ื•ื‘, ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื”, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 91. "ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ90 ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื", ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ. ื™ืฉืจ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื™, ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœื”ื. ื”ื ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“, ื•ืžืื– ื”ืกืคื™ืง ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืขื•ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื. "ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืคืจื“ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 3, 50 ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 53, ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืืžื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื™ื“ ืื‘ื ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ", ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื—ืง. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืกื™ืคืจ ื›ื™ "ืืžื™, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ืืฉื” ืงืฉื”. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืงืžื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืฆ'ื™ื. ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ืจ ื—ื›ื, ืงื•ืจื ืกืคืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื—ืชื™ืš ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืžืจืฆื• ื‘ื ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ืœื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื“. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืชืง, ืื‘ืœ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืขื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช". ื–ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืœื ืฉืœ ืื‘ ื•ืื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื•ืื‘ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืฆื•ืข. "ืืชื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืฉืืชื” ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ' ื”ื’ื™ืข. ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืš ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ' ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืš. ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืคื•ืชื— ืœืš ื“ืœืชื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืขืœื™ืš. ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ 'ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ', ื–ื” ื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. "ื–ื” ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืกื•ื ื ืก, ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ 'ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจ', ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืจืข. ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืจืข ืžืื•ื“, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื“ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืขื ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. "ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืขื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจืกื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืคื"ื™, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืžืคื"ื™. ืื‘ื ืœื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื– ืœืฆืžื•ื—, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•. ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘". ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื? "ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช". ืืชื” ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœื™ื”ื? "ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื›ืขืก ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื“ืœืชื™. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ืขื ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ. ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื— ืื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€” ืืœื” ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจืช. "ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™, ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”". "ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช" ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืง ื‘' ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื ื™ืฉื ืœืืฉืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืืœืงื‘ืฅ, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ืขื•ืžืจื™ ื•ืฉืืœื™ืžืจ. ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”: ืชื•ืช, ืชืจื” ื•ืชืื™ (29, 23, 22). "ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงืกื™ื", ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจ - ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื– ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื™, ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ื›ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืจื ืก ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”, ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื•ื—, ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. "ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ. ื›ืฉื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘: 'ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืกื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆืžืื™' - ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืจื•ื’ืข, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื—ื›ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžืงืกื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืกื™ื ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš". ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™? "ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื‘ื ืฆืขื™ืจ ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช, ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืฉืื ื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ืœื“ ืœื™ืœื“ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื. ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืืชื” ืจืง ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื. ื›ืฉื”ื—ื–ืงืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉืžืืœ, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืžื ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื ืื•ืคื™ ืžืœื. ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืกืขืจื” ื•ืืฉ ื•ืื—ื“ ืจื’ื•ืข ื•ืžื‘ืกื•ื˜, ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื’ืฉื ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื™. "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื–ื”. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฆื•ื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื™, ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ". ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ50 ืฉืœืš? "ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืœ 55 ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 25. ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืชืช, ืœืงื‘ืœ, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช. ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื”ื‘, ืืœื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจ. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 25, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ืืชื”, ืื™ืš ืชื“ืข ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืš? ืืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ, ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ืคื™ืช. "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื•ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืœืืฉืชื™. ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื”, ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ ืคื—ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช, ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช, ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืจืื” ืœื™ ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื™". ืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืขืชื™ื“? "ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื”. ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื, ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข, ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช, ืขืจื™ื ื•ืขืจื™ื ืชืชึพืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื, ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืช".
ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ื™ืฉืจ, ืฉื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™: "ืœื ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืคื™ืœืœื ื•. ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื ืงืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•. ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื• ืžืคื•ืืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื’ื•ืจ ืจืง ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืžืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ"
"ืœื ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื"
"ืœื ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื"
6
ืงืคื”: ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ Soma ื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืœื ืฉื™ืืช ืžืฉืงื” ื—ื: ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืงืคื”, ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื, ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื“ืจืš. ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืงืจื” ื•ืื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืคื”? ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ืœืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืงืกื ื™ืงืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื•. 40 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ: ืงื•ืคืกืช ืงืกืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ Prepdeck ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ ืžื“ื™, ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ึพืžื˜ื‘ื—, ืžืœื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ื›ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืชืื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืงืœื” ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ืงืจืฉ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื•ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืชืื™ื ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืื™ื™ืคื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™. 109 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืœื’ื•: ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื›ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืœืจื—ืคืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™: ื“ื’ื ืœื’ื• ืžื•ืงืคื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ DB5, ื–ื• ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืืช ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžึพ1,300 ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื›ื™ืกื ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ืฉืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ. 150 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืžืฉื—ืง: ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื ืกื•ื’ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื–'ืื ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ "Tiny Bubbles". ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ื™ื” ืžืื•ืชื• ืฆื‘ืข ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืคืฆืœื•ื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืชืžื•ืจืช 3.99 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“. ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ: ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ โ€” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘. "Free the Tipple" ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ 60 ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืžืจืœืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืจื™ืš ืขื“ ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ื•ืกืจื™ื ื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก. ื”ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืกื™ืœ ื‘ื•ืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื™ ื•ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืจื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื, ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ. 15 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”: ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื• ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื•, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ืขื ืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉืžืœื™, ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื–'ื ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™. ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ืœื™ืง, ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื™ื 90 ืงืž"ืฉ, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข. ืกืจื˜: ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ึพ1989 ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, General Magic, ืขืžืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš: ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื™ืฉื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ืก. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืื–, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ืื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช: ืืคืœ, ืฉืื•ืชื” ื”ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื‘ืขืœืช ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ. ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืจืชืง ื”ื–ื”.
ื“ื’ื ืœื’ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“, ืกืคืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืคืกืช ืงืกืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ ืžื“ื™
ืžื” ื”ืœืื”: ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
ืžื” ื”ืœืื”: ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
7
ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ TheAge ื‘ึพ2012, ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืžื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืืช ื”ืคืชื’ื calca de veludo ou bunda de fora ืงืฉื” ืœืชืจื’ื, ืืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช", "ืจืง ื”ืžืขื– ืžื ืฆื—" ื•"ืชืžื™ื“ ืืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื™". ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ, ื‘ืŸ 25 ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”. ืžื’ื™ืœ 3-4, ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืœืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืžื ืคืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื - 222 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•. ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืงื— ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื“ื“ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื•ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื ืจืข, ืื‘ืœ "ืœื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•. ื‘ึพ1992 ืขื‘ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœืžื•ื’'ื™, ืขื™ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื›ึพ40 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื–ืจื— ืœืกืื• ืคืื•ืœื•, ื•ืฉื ื ื•ืœื“ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื’'ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš, ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืกืื• ืคืื•ืœื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”, ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ืื‘ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืขื‘ื“, ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื’'ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื•, ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. ืื‘ื™ื• ื“ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ื•. ืกืงืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื• ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืชืœื˜ื™ืงื” ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื”. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 11 ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืกื ื˜ื•ืก - ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ - ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ืื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืง, ืื‘ืœ calca de veludo ou bunda de fora. ื”ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 14 ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ื•ืื’ื ืจ ืจื™ื‘ืจื•, ืฉืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืžื“ืจื™ื“. ืกื ื˜ื•ืก ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื™ืงื—ื• ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืฉืœื ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืืžืŸ ืขื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช. ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ืกื ื˜ื•ืก ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืœื• ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 3,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 16 ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื“ืจื’ ืœึพ40 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืœื• ื•ืœืื‘ื™ื• 40% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืœืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื‘, ืกื ื˜ื•ืก ืงื™ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื“ืœืกื™ืจ ืกื•ื ื“ื”, ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื”ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ืกื•ื ื“ื” ืจื›ืฉ ืžืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืื—ื–ืงืชื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ึพ2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 17. ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืงืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื ื“ื”, DIS, ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ. ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื–ื ืก ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืคืจ ื•ื—ื™ื“ื“ ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื, ืžืืžื ื™ื ื•ืกืงืื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœื•, ืกื•ื ื“ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื ืจื•ืžืŸ ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืœืกื™, ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจึพืื™ื™ื’'ื ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืคื™ื ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ื™. ื‘ึพ2010 ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ืคืš ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื ื˜ื•ืก ื•ืฉื™ื—ืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ. ืฆ'ืœืกื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 35 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืืš ื•ื ื“ื—ืชื”. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืชื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ื›ืžืงื“ืžื”, ื•ึพ30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืื ื”ืขืกืงื” ืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœืคื•ืขืœ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกืช, ืื‘ืœ calca de veludo ou bunda de fora. ื”ืขืจืš ืงื•ืคืฅ ื‘ื‘ืืจืกื” ื‘ึพ2011 ืจื™ืืœ ืžื“ืจื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”. ื‘ึพ15 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2011 ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืฉืœื 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืื‘ื™ื•. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช N&N Consultoria Esportiva e Empresarial, ืฉืืœื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืื—ืจื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืชื•, ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืชืฉืœื 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืื‘. ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ื, ื›ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืกื ื˜ื•ืก ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืงื‘ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœื”, ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ื• ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื“ืžื” ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืฉืฉืžื• ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื•ืชื’. ื ื™ื™ืงื™, ืคื ืกื•ื ื™ืง ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ืกื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 2014, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืชื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™. ืืš ื‘ึพ2013 ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืจื›ื™ืฉืชื• ื‘ึพ17 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืžืกื ื˜ื•ืก ื•ืขื•ื“ 40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืžืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืฉืœื— ื’'ื•ืจื“ื™ ืงืืกืก, ืจื•ืงื— ื•ืื—ื“ ืžึพ222 ืืœืฃ ื”ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื ื”ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืžื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ืืš ืžืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2016 ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืœืฉืœื ืงื ืก ืฉืœ 5.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ "ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืก" ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจื• ืžืกื ื˜ื•ืก. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœึพ2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ึพ2016 ื•ึพ4.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืชืคืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื˜ื•ืก. ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืงื ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœึพ111.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•, ื•ืœื›ืš ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื” ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ136.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•. ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ืขื ืœื•ืื™ืก ืกื•ืืจืก ื•ืœื™ืื• ืžืกื™, ื•ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ืชืืจื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœื• ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•. ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืœื™ืื• ืžืกื™ - ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” - ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืžื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืœืขืžื“ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ืžืจืกืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืจ, ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ืฉืคืจืกื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ, ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœึพCNN ื›ื™ "ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ืžืกื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื–ื•ื‘". ืืžื ื ื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ calca de veludo ou bunda de fora. ื”ืงื˜ืืจื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืก ืœืคื™ Goal.com, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœืคืจื™ื– ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื. ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื: ืžื”ืคื™ื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื™ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™, ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืชื• ื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ืกืฃ. ืœืงื˜ืืจ, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื” QSI, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืžื™ื“. ืžืื– ืฉืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืจื›ืฉ ืืช ืฆ'ืœืกื™ ื‘ึพ2003 ื”ื’ื™ื—ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™. ื—ืœืงื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ, ื—ืœืงื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื—ืœืงื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง. ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืจื›ืฉื• ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. ืื ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' "ื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•" ืžื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืงื˜ืืจ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืžืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžื˜ืจื” ืขืกืงื™ืช, ืืœื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช: ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืงื˜ืืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืจื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืœื™ื’; ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื—ืœืฉื” ืžื‘ืœื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช; ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืืคื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”. ื›ืš, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื”ืงื˜ืืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืงื”ืื, ื–ืœืื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืจื”ื™ืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื•ืื“ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ืงืื‘ืื ื™, ืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื ืœืงื ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช. ืืš ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืงื˜ืืจื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžื•ื ืืงื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื– ื’ื ื”ื•ืฉืคืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื ื•ืง ืืื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื’ืช ื”ืืœืคื•ืช, ื›ืฉื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืงื˜ืืœื•ื ื™ืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื—ืกื•ืช ืขื ืงื˜ืืจ. ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืคืจื™ื–ืื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื’ืžื’ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ื”ืงื˜ืืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืืจืกื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื• 222 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•, ื•ืœืชืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืขื•ื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœื”. ืงื˜ืืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืืจ - ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœ"ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ" ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” - ื›ืœืœื” ื’ื ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืงืฆืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ. ื–ื•, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉื’ืจื ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืืš ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืกืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืžืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ืคื˜, ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืื’"ื— ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื‘ึพ2022. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ, ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืขื•ืง ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง, ื”ืคืš ืœื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ", ืื•ืžืจ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฆ'ื“ื•ื•ื™ืง, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜. "ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ืžืื” ื”ึพ21 ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”". ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืœืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืกืื• ืคืื•ืœื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ื“ืืขืฉ, ืืœึพืงืขื™ื“ื”, ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” - ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ื’ืช ื”ืืœื•ืคื•ืช - ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืืจ. ืื™ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช calca de veludo ou bunda de fora?
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ื•ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื ืง ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืงื˜ืืจ, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™
ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ: ืื™ืš ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 25 ืฉื•ื•ื” 222 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•
ื ื™ื™ืžืืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื™ื– ืกืŸ ื–'ืจืžืŸ: ืื™ืš ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 25 ืฉื•ื•ื” 222 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•
8
ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคืชืืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื”, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื•ืžืชืคืขืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ (ื') ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›-10% ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 2020 ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 2019, ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›-50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื‘-EBITDA. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ: ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”; ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช; ืขืฆื™ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื; ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืจื•ืช; ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื“; ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื; ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื; ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืœืื™ื; ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืงื”ืœื™ ื™ืขื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 4.95 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ, ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 6.92% ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื”, ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 19% ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืก 39% ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื”. ื‘-17 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืกื™ืคืงื” ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืฉืชื™ื’ืจื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2020 ืขื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคืชืืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื”, ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืชืžื•ืจืช 76 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•. ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืžื•ืจืช 150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ (ื›ึพ39 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•), ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื” ืฉื ืช 2020 ื‘ืงื• ืื—ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื ื›ืœืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื›ื•ืœื” - ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ึพ125 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•. ืขืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืžื“ ืขืœ 7.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืงื” 2.35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืื– ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข 22 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื›ืก ืฉืงื ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืŸ 132 ื—ื“ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ ื ื›ืก ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ืก ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœึพ7.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•, ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 210 ื—ื“ืจื™ื. ืืœื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช ืœืขืช ื–ื•. ืœืคืชืืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื›ึพ225 ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ึพ19 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื›ึพ43 ืืœืฃ ื—ื“ืจื™ื. 93 ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืชืืœ, 122 ืžื”ื ืฉื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ึพ10 ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืžื ื”ืœืช.
ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืชืขืฆื•ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื; ืชืคืขืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืชื“ื—ื” ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช; ืชืฆืžืฆืžื ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืชืื—ื“ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ืชืคืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืงื”ืœื™ ื™ืขื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื
ืคืชืืœ ืฆื•ืคื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›-10% ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”
ืคืชืืœ ืฆื•ืคื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›-10% ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”
9
"ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœื”ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ื‘ืข, ืขืœ ืืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ื—ืงืจื• ื•ื™ื“ื•ื‘ืจื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื” ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•" - ื›ืš ืคืชื— ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืจื™ืง ืคื™ื ื˜ื•, ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช 2018 ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜. "ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืœืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืชื•ืš ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš; ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืชืฉื•ืื” ืœื›ืœืœ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื; ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืจื‘, ืืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“. ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ืชืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ื–ืœืช ืžื›ืกื™ื "ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืชื™ื— ืื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื‘ืฉื ืชื” ื”-70, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžืชืงื“ืžืช. ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœื ืคืฉ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืžื” ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืค ื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ โ€“ ืžืขืฆืžืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื›ื– ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™. ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. "ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืžืžืฉ ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœื”, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืจื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•, ืฉื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืžืฉืงืœ, ืืš ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœื” ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืชืื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉ. ืคื™ื ื˜ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื”ืœืš ืœื”ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืกื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™"ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืžื•ื ื” ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ; ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืœืคื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช; ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกื“ืจื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืจื™ื". ืคื™ื ื˜ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ "ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืžืื– ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืžื ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืฆื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื’ื– ืชืžืจ ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื”"ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืงืžืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—. "ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” - ื•ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ. "ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคื•ืจืกื ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ืจืžืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”-OECD. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืคืจืกื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ "ืœืชืช", ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ื›'ืขื ื™ื™ื' ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ 2017, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื. ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœืช, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืชื”. ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“. "ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืื– ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ืคื™ืœืก ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืกื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื•ื™ืงื ื” ื™ื“ืข ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ื“ืช ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“"ืจ ืงืจื ื™ืช ืคืœื•ื’, ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืืžืฅ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžื›ืœื™ืœื” โ€“ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ืจืง ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. "ื”ืกืชื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช" "ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื•ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื. ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืืฃ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ื‘ื ืง ืขื ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืขืจืš ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ื™ื 'ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™', ื ื“ืข ืœืืžืฅ ื’ื ืืช ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ. "ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœืฆืขืจื™ ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2017 โ€“ ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉ'ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืชื—ืจื•ืช'. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืงื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—: 70% ืžื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ; ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืœื: ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉืœื ื”ืœืงื•ื—, ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›-25% ืœืขื•ืžืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”; ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื•"ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ 25 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 300 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื” โ€“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจ, ืื• ืžื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื™ืœื“; "ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื—ืจื•ืช? ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ โ€“ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืœืจื’ืข ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจื ื• ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœืงื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ื•ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ืœื‘ื ืง ืื—ืจ ื‘ืงืœื™ืง ืื—ื“. ืื ื™ ื’ื ืชื•ื”ื” ืื ื”ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื—ื ื• ืœืขื•ืžืง ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ื–ื•. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื›ื™ืงืจื”, ืœื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื—ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื. "ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ: ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื ืง ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•. ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ: ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 80% - ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžืจืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืขื ืฃ, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื‘ื ืงืื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื™ืฆื™ืข ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ื•ืœืœื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœื™ื. "ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื™ืขื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืง ืฉื˜ืจื•ื, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ื‘ืืฉืจืื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื“"ืจ ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืจ, ืืฃ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืžื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื–ื•. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื ืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื›ืœืœื™ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ. "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขื“ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืคืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ื ืก ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 19,000 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืคืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ โ€“ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 32% ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืืฉืจืื™, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื. "ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ ืžื”ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืฉื—ื–ื• 'ืฉื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื™ื™ืขืœืžื•'". ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื–ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, "ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื–ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื”ืจืก ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื”ืกืชื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช, ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื: ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”". "ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืœื ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ืืœื ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ืžืกืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™: ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืฆื•ืžื—, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžืขื•ืฆืžื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืจืฅ ื ื”ื“ืจืช".
ืืจื™ืง ืคื™ื ื˜ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜": "ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง - ื—ื–ืจื ื• 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”"; ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, "ื—ื•ืง ืฉื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืฃ ื‘ืืฉืจืื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื"; ื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ "ื”ื”ืกืชื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื: ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”"
ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื: "ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื›ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”"
ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื: "ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื›ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”"
10
ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ึพื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื•ื™ ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจ, ื“ื ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจื, ืขืžื™ ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 36 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ 2ึพ6, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 15 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืฉื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ 144 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 1:4, ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 200 ืž"ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ึพื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ 16-10, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ื”ืžืชื—ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 64 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื›ึพ14 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืฉื™ื›ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื›ึพ225 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• 1,000 ืž"ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื›ึพ370 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช 3, 4 ื•ึพ5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื’ ื•ื’ืŸ. ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืคื™ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืกืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื. ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื™ืฆื™ืง ื‘ืจื•ืš ื•ื˜ืœ ื’ืจืกื•ืŸ.
ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 36 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ 2ึพ6, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 15 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืฉื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ 144 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช
ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ึพื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช
ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ึพื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช
11
ืื‘ื ืจ ื—ื“ื“, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืงืกื ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•-ETF ืžื‘ื™ืช ืืงืกืœื ืก, ืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ืช ืืช ืžืชื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื - ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื•ื (ื’') ื—ื“ื“ ื›ื™ "'ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”'ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื' ื•ืชื•ืคืขืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืงืจื™ืกื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงืจื ื•ืช. "ืงืกื ืื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช -ื”ืขื ืฃ ืœื ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืžืกืคื™ืง. ื™ืฉื ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœื”ื ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืงืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื›ืกืฃ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื–ื” ืจืข ืœื›ื•ืœื โ€“ ืจืข ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ, ืจืข ืœืขื ืฃ ื•ืจืข ืœืžืฉืงื™ืข", ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื“ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื—ื“ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืชืงืคื” ื›ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืข ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช. "ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ืืช", ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ื“ื“ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ "ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืจืื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ืช ืœืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื” ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื. ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืคืขื ืื ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ โ€“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื ืคื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื". ื—ื“ื“ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืงืจื ื•ืช ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืงืจืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ืช "ืคื™ื ื”" ื•ืžื”ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืื ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืื ื›ื•ืฉืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื ืกื’ืจืช. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื.
ืื‘ื ืจ ื—ื“ื“ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข: "ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืจืื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ืช ืœืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื” ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื"
ืžื ื›"ืœ ืงืกื: "ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช"
ืžื ื›"ืœ ืงืกื: "ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช"
12
"ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™", ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืจืืฉ ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืคืืœ, ืชื"ืœ (ื‘ืžื™ืœ.) ืืจื™ืืœ ืงืืจื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช Mind the Data 2017 ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™, ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ "ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื" - ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืคืขื ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ืื˜ื”. ืงืืจื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื™. "ืžืฉื—ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืื˜ื”, ืœื ื”ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ". ืืžืจ ืงืืจื•, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ืฉื•ืง ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื ื”ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ. "ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ืื˜ื”, ืืœื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืžื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืœืงื•ื—". ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืงืืจื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ืื˜ื”. "ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื ืชื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข. ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ืก ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ืื˜ื” ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืงืืจื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืžืช ืžื’ืŸ ื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื” ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื‘ื ืœืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช. "ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•", ืืžืจ ืงืืจื•. "ืื•ืชื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื–ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘". ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืงืืจื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืคืชื— ื•ืœืกืคืง. ืงืืจื•, ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื–ื "ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื" ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ, ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื• ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื โ€“ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื›ื ืžื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื. "ืžืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื™ืกืคืœื™ื ืจื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื‘ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื™ืกืคืœื™ื ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืจื‘ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืžื•ื˜ืžืขืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ื’ื ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืงืืจื• ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. "ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฆื“ ืืœื• ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”", ืกื™ืคืจ ืงืืจื•. "ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื›ืœื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•". ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืจืคืืœ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ, ืืžืจ ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืœืงื•ื— ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืจืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”. "ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืจื‘ื“ื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”. ื–ืืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืกืคืง ืœื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”", ื”ืขื™ื“ ืงืืจื•. "ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœืช ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื•ืืชื’ืจ ืžืžืฉื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช".
ืชื"ืœ (ื‘ืžื™ืœ.) ืืจื™ืืœ ืงืืจื•, ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช Mind the Data 2017 ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜", ื›ื™ "ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข. ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ืก ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ืื˜ื” ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื"
"ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ 11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื ืขื‘ืจ"
"ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ 11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื ืขื‘ืจ"
13
ืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืจื ื™ื˜; ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1990 ื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœืžืกื›ื™ื. ืขื™ืจืืง ืคืœืฉื” ืœื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช, ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ื˜ื™ืœื™ ืกืงืื“ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ, ื•ื—ื˜ืคื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”. ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ ืžื”ื“ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฆื“ืง, ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื ืคื˜. ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”-F117 ื ื™ื™ื˜ื”ื•ืง, ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ืฉืžื—ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจืืงื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ ืฉืœื•. "ื–ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ", ืืžืจื• ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื. "ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื›"ืž". ื”ื™ื•ื ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”-F117; ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘"ืžื™ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ืžืชืงื“ื - ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืขืœื ืืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื’ืจื•ื˜ืื•ืช? ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”-F117 ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœ-Ho229 ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื˜ืŸ ืž-1944, ืฉื ื™ ื ืืฆื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช (ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื—ืžื“, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืœื•ื—ืžืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื™ืจืงื•ืช). ื”-F117 ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื•ื’ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื›ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ื”ืžื›"ืž, ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืงืฆืฅ ืืช ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก, ืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื™ ืงืจืงืข ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ืฉืชืคืจื•. ื”ื•ืžืฆืื• ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืžื›"ืž, ืืš ื”ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชืงืฉื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœื•. ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื”; ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื˜ื›ื ื™, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ืžื˜ื•ืก ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชืŸ. ืื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉืชืฉืœื ื‘ืขืฆืžื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 1974 ื–ื” ืงืจื”: DARPA, ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืก ื—ืžืงืŸ. ื–ืืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืืชื” ืื™ืš ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืื˜ื ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ. ืจืฉืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืœ ื•ื™ืื˜ื ื ืื• ืžืฆืจื™ื; ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืื•ืชื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืจื•ื•ื–ื™ื. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคื ืชื” ืœื›ืžื” ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืกืคื™ื™ืก ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืœื•ืงื”ื™ื“. ืžื ื”ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ืคืชืขื• ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง; ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” ืืช ื”-U2 ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืืœื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื”ื–ื”. ื“ื ื™ืก ืื•ื‘ืจื”ื•ืœืกืจ, ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืคืš ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžืกืžืš ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘-1962 ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื‘ื• ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืžื›"ืž ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ื. ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืงื•: ืžื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื˜ื•ืก, ืื ืœื ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื? ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื•ืงื”ื™ื“ ื”ืฆืขืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—; ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื•ืก, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ืžื›"ืž. ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืชื”, ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ Have Blue ื ื•ืœื“. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืงื”ื™ื“ ื™ื™ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืคืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื“ื•ืงื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจืŸ, ื”ื ื”, ืชืจืื•. ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื—ืกืจ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”" ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง - ืขืœ ืืฃ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืงื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•, ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“; ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ืก ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™: ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื ืื˜ืžื•. ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืชื”. ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืžืงื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”. ื”ืฉืœื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื•ืคื™ื‘ืจื’ืœืืก, ืžืขืœื™ื” ืฆื‘ืข ืคื—ืžื ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื’ืœื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืžื›"ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืกื˜ื• ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื• ื ื‘ืœืขื• ื‘ื•. ื‘ืžืื™ 1978, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™, ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืชืงืœืช ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื”ืชืจืกืง. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1979 ื”ืชืจืกืง ื’ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืงื”ื™ื“ ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืืกื”: ื”ื™ื ืฆื‘ืจื” ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืก ื—ืžืงืŸ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™. ื”ื—ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืฉื Senior Trend - ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื™ืคื•ืชื— ืžื˜ื•ืก ืชืงื™ืคื” ื—ืžืงืŸ, ืžื™ืŸ ืžืคืฆื™ืฅ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืฃ ืžื ืฆื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™. ื›ื›ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืื™ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื: ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื ืœื•ืงื”ื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื—ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืจืขืชื”. ืœืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืงืฆื” ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 314 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ (1.143 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•). ืœื•ืงื”ื™ื“ ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขื™ื’ืœื• ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื: ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื ืœืงื—ื” ืžื”-F16; ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืงืคื™ื˜ - ืžื”-F18 ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื”ืžืคืฆื™ืฅ ื”ืขื ืง B52. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืื—ืจ: ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืจืฆื• ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ ืงืจื‘; ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื’ื•, ืขืœื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžื˜ื•ืก ืงืจื‘ ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ืชืงื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืืก ืื• ืœืกืจื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชื ื• ืœื—ืžืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื F117; ื”ืื•ืช F ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืžื˜ื•ืก ืงืจื‘, ืžื” ืฉื ืชืคืก ื›ืกืงืกื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1982 ื ืžืกืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืœื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื™ืง (ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›"ืื–ื•ืจ 51") ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ืื“ื”. ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก-ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกืช ืขืฉื• ืืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ืชืงื™ืคื” A7 ืงื•ืจืกื™ื™ืจ, ืฉื˜ืกื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื”-F117 ื˜ืกื• ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ. ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืคื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืชืกื›ื•ืœ. ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงืœืฃ ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืืš ื‘ืจื™ื”"ืž ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœืฉื—ืง; ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืกื•ืงื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื”ืชืคืจืง ืคื™ืงืกืœ ืื—ืจ ืคื™ืงืกืœ. ื‘-1989 ืฉืžื—ื• ื”ื’ื ืจืœื™ื: ืืจื”"ื‘ ืคืœืฉื” ืœืคื ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืžื˜ืจื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช". ืฉื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืืฉ. ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืคื ืžื”, ืžื ื•ืืœ ื ื•ืจื™ื™ื’ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”-CIA, ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœื• ืžืื” ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื ื™ื•. ื”ื "ืœ ื’ื ื”ืชืขืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•, ื•ืงื™ื“ื ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืจืขื“ ืžื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช: ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืžืงื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืืžืช. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื”, ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ F117 ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืžื—ื ื” ืืจืขื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืคื ืžื” ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืจื™ื• ื”ืื˜ื•. ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ืคืœื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงืกืจืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื ืช ืคื ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ื ื—ื™ืชืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื. ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืžืื™ื•ื ืœืื™ื•ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืคื ืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžืงื ื™ื. ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืชืง, ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื—ืฉืื™, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื”? ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื? ืฆืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”-F117; ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื—ืžื•ืง. ื•ืื– ื‘ื ืœื• ืžื•ืฉื™ืข ืžืฉื•ืคื: ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืืœ-ืžื’'ื™ื“ ื-ืชื›ืจื™ืชื™. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืคืœืฉื” ืœื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช, ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื’ื™ื™ืกื” ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉืชื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ื”ืขื™ืจืืงื™. ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืจืš ื "ืž ืฆืคื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ื”ื•ืง ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืคืฆื— ืื•ืชื•; ื”ื—ืžืงื ื™ื ืชืงืคื• ื›-1,600 ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืžืชืคืืจืช ื‘ื”ื. ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื’ื ืจืœื™ื ื“ื™ืœื’ื• ืžืื•ืฉืจ: ื”-F117 ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืขืจืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืžืื– ืื•ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉืงืข ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ื”ื•ืง; ืžืกืคืจ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื—ื“ ืืฃ ื”ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ 1999. ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™? ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ? ืœื ื•ืœื: ื’ืจืกื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืœ ื”-SA3, ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื‘-1961. ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคืชื— ืืช ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืชื ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ืคืš ืขืœ ื”ืžื›"ืž ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉ ืœืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœื• ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื—ืžืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื ืคืœ ืœืื“ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจืกืง ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื‘ืœื’ืจื“, ื•ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืชื™ื• ืžืฉื›ื• ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืคืœื ืฉื”ื™ื”, ื•ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื•. ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืžืคื’ืŸ ื ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ, ื”ืคื™ืฆื• ืขืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ื•ืจ ื”-F117 ื•ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ "ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื, ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”". ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-F117 ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื: ืžืชื•ืš 64 ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• (59 ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ), ืฉื™ืฉื” ื”ืชืจืกืงื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืงืœื•ืช. ืขื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื›ื–ืืช, ืื™ื‘ื“ ื’ื ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื’ื ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื. ื‘-2008 ืงื•ืจืงืขื• ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ื”ื•ืง, ืื—ืจื™ 25 ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื ืฉืžืข ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฆื‘ืื™ ืขื™ืงืจื™. ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชืงื™ืคื” A6 ืื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืจืช 37 ืฉื ื” (ื•ื“ื’ื ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื” ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื™ืจืช 44 ืฉื ื”), ื”ืžืคืฆื™ืฅ F111 ืฉื™ืจืช 31 ืฉื ื”, ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชืงื™ืคื” ืกืงื™ื™ื”ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจืช 47 ืฉื ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”-F15 ื•ื”-F16 ืœื“ื’ืžื™ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ 42 ื•-40 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”. ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ? ืงืœ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ืงืจื™ืกืช ื‘ืจื™ื”"ืž; ื”ื–ืื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจืข, ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื–ืื‘. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ื’ื ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”-F117 ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกืชื™. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื—ืžืงืŸ ืื—ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื "ืž. ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืžืงื ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื”; ื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘. ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ ืžืฉื™ืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื ืœืฉืคื•ืš ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฆืฆื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ืฉืœืฃ ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”-F117 ืžื”ื ืคื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื ืฆืคื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื ื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืื“ื”. ืื ื™ ืžื”ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ืžืงื ื™ื; ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉื ืขืœืžื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืืžื‘ืง. ื˜ื™ืกื” ื ืขื™ืžื”!
ื”ื—ืžืงืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงืกื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืขื ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื ืขื™ืจืืง. ืื‘ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืกื ืขืžื“ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ืขืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™, ื”ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื”ืฆืคื•ื™
ืžืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”: F117, ื—ืžืงืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืœ ืื• ืžื˜ื•ืก ื’ืื•ื ื™?
ืžืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”: F117, ื—ืžืงืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืœ ืื• ืžื˜ื•ืก ื’ืื•ื ื™?
14
"ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื", ื›ืš ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื (ื•') ืจื•ืขื™ ื•ืจืžื•ืก ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคืกื’ื•ืช ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ. "ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื", ืืžืจ ื•ืจืžื•ืก ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ืชืžื” ืคืกื’ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ื“ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื•ืจืžื•ืก ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ื•ืจืžื•ืก ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜, ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ "ื”ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•", ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืžืชืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•. ื•ืจืžื•ืก ืชื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืคื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืคืงืก ื•ืคืกื’ื•ืช, ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืจืžื•ืก ืขืชื™ืจื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื—ืชื•. ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื’"ืฅ ืœื ื ืขืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“' ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืจืžื•ืก ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืคืงืก, ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•. ืžืื™ื™ืคืงืก ื•ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœื ื ืžืกืจื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคืกื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ, ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžืชืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•. ื•ืจืžื•ืก ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืคื˜ืจื• ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™"ืข. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• "ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื"
ืจื•ืขื™ ื•ืจืžื•ืก: "ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื"
ืจื•ืขื™ ื•ืจืžื•ืก: "ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื"
15
ื“ืœืง ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” (ื‘') ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ืคืงืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ 'ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“' ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›- 2.25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืืช ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื’'ื™ื™.ืคื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืŸ ื•-HSBC. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” - ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ืชื•ืขืžื“ ื›ื›ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื” (back to back). ื“ืœืง ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืชืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘. ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื ืคืงื• ื‘-4 ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืขื“ ืคื™ืจืขื•ื ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2023, 2025, 2027 ื•-2030 - ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ BB . ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื“ืœืง ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื, ืฉืื ืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื’ืดื— ืžืกื“ืจื” ืืณ ื•ืžืชืžืจ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ - ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช. ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื“-ืฉื•ืื• (roadshow) ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ืฉื‘ื• ืชืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ื ืคืงื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื™ืกื—ืจื• ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื”ื”ื ืคืงื”; ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2023, 2025, 2027 ื•-2030; ื’'ื™ื™.ืคื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืŸ ื•-HSBC. ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื ืคืงื”
ื“ืœืง ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืชื ืคื™ืง 4 ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืื’"ื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 2.25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
ื“ืœืง ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืชื ืคื™ืง 4 ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืื’"ื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 2.25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
16
ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืคื“ืจืœ ืจื™ื–ืจื‘ ื’'ืจื•ื ืคืื•ื•ืœ ืืžืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ (ื•') ืฉื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื•ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. "ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื™ืชื ื™ื", ืืžืจ ืคืื•ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืคืจืกื ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. "ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื. ื”ืคื“ืจืœ ืจื™ื–ืจื‘ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”", ืืžืจ ืคืื•ื•ืœ. ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืื•ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืคืื•ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืคื“. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœ-CNBC, ืงืจื ืžื•ืฉืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื“, ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฉ (Kevin Warsh), ืœื”ืงืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื“ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืกื ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ื•ื•ืืจืฉ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื "ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืžืจ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ืœืืจื“, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื“ ื‘ืกื ื˜ ืœื•ืื™ืก, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืื ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื™ืชืคืชื— ืœืžื’ืคื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช. ื‘ื ืื•ื ืฉื ืฉื ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืกืžื™ืช', ืืจืงื ืกื•, ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ืœืืจื“ ืฉืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื "ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคื—ืชื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืชืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืืžืจ ื’'ืจื•ื ืคืื•ื•ืœ: "ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื—ื–ืงื™ื. ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”"
ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืคื“: "ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš"
ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืคื“: "ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš"
17
ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš? "ืžืขืœ 440 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช - ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ - ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื”", ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื‘ืœื˜, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื”. "ืื ืชืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืจืง ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” - ืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืกืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืคื™ืคื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื“". ืœืคืจืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ "30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช" ืœื™ื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ (Forter) ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžื ืกื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื›ืืœื”. ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช Fraud Sciences ืฉื ืžื›ืจื” ืœืคื™ื™ืคืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2008 ื•ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: "ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืฉืจ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”", ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื‘ืœื˜. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช: "ื›ืฉ-Fraud Sciences ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืื”, ื‘ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืื ื“ื™ื™ 2007, ืขืฉื™ื ื• 1,800 ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœ-1,800 ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื”, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื ื“ื—ื™ื". ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ "30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช" ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชื’ื™ืข ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืžื”ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก, ื’ื ืื ืชื’ื™ืข ื”ืฆืขืช ืขื ืง. ืžืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื: ื ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืœืง, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง. ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืคืจื ืงืœ, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืคื™ืกื˜.
ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื‘ืœื˜, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 440 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš, ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืื™ืš ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืืžื–ื•ืŸ
"ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืชื˜ืคืœ ืจืง ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžื–ื•ืŸ"
"ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืชื˜ืคืœ ืจืง ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžื–ื•ืŸ"
18
ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืœืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ืจื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื˜ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื. ื”ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื›ืขืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืชื•ื’ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜. "ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœืš ื•ืขืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉืจื” ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ, "ื›-3.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื›-200 ืืœืฃ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœ-200 ืืœืฃ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื”ืžืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืคืกื•ืœืช ื–ื•, ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ื•ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื’ืจื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื". ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคืกื•ืœืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืคืŸ ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ืช ELV- End of Life Vehicles. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ื˜ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื. ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืขื ื• ื—ื•ืง ืžึพ2014, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 50% ืžืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ืื•, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื ื–ืจืง. ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ื›ืš ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื•. ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ "ื”ืžื–ื”ื ืžืฉืœื". ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื• ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ 95% ืžื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื™ืžืžื ื• ื’ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื’ืจื™ื˜ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืฉืชืกื‘ืกื“ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœืœื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ 3,000 ืฉืงืœ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืŸ 15-20 ืฉื ื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง, ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื’ื ืื–, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ืœ ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืืจืฅ ืžืจื’ืข ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืชื•ืงืคื•, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืช 2035. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคื ื• ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื’ืจื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืกื•ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื›ืœืœื” ื’ื ื”ืขื ืงืช "ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ืžืขื ืง" ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืœื—.
ื”ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื’ื™ืœื” ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ, ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช, ืฉืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ื’ืจื™ื˜ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ืงื— ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช
ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœื’ืจื•ื˜ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœื’ืจื•ื˜ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
19
"A+ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 3-7 ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื. ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœื•ื— ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื™ืœื“ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื•. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“, ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“. ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขืจื›ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืœื™ืœื“ ื–ื• ื”ืจืคืชืงื”, ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืจืืฉ. ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืง. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ืื• ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื ื•ืฉื. ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื™ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื. ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื", ื›ืš ืืžืจื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื’ืœื™ื” ื—ืœืื•ื™ ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช A+Kids ื•ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืค ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ื ืก "When Technology Meets Kids" ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜". ื—ืœืื•ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, "ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ ืžืื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื. ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื". ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื”, "ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžืจื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืช"ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืจืฉื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”, "ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืœืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”. ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฉื”, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื–ืืช". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื” "ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ื. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืœื ืจืง ื”ืืžื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”, ื’ื ื”ืืžื ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ื›ื•'. ืื™ืš ืžื’ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื? ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืืชื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื“ื™ื”. ืžื” ืฉืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื– ื”ื•ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื™ื–ื” ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื™ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื? ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื - ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื• ื•ื›ื•'". ื—ืœืื•ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืืžืจื” "ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉืขืžืžืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื ื˜ืฉื• ืื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ืช. ืžื™ ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“, ืขื ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“. ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืงืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฆื“. ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื".
ื’ืœื™ื” ื—ืœืื•ื™, ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช A+Kids, ื‘ื›ื ืก "When Technology Meets Kids" ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜", "ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉืขืžืžืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื ื˜ืฉื• ืื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ืช"
"ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“"
"ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“"
20
ืฉื•ื”ื ื“ื™ืจืช ื’ืŸ, 5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืืจื–, 135 ืžโ€ืจ, 2 ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 50 ื•ึพ60 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžืช ืงืจืงืข ืžืชื•ืš 3, ืขื ื—ื ื™ื”, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ2.8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ืจืช 6 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืฆืคื”, 135 ืžโ€ืจ, ืžืจืคืกืช 32 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 2 ืžืชื•ืš 6, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ3.07 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื“ื™ืจืช 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืจ, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื‘, 76 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 3 ืžืชื•ืš 4, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ625 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ืจืช 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืžืœ, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”, 72 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 3 ืžืชื•ืš 3, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ550 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ืจืช 2 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื“, 62 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 3 ืžืชื•ืš 4, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ620 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ืจืช 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจื—ื‘ืช ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื˜, 76 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 4 ืžืชื•ืš 7, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ830 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“, ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, 100 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 5 ืžืชื•ืš 5, ืขื ื—ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ืช, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ1.48 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ืจืช 5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, 117 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 2 ืžืชื•ืš 4, ืขื ื—ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ืช, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ1.74 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจืช 5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื•, 126 ืžโ€ืจ, 20 ืžโ€ืจ ืžืจืคืกืช, ืงื•ืžื” 4 ืžืชื•ืš 7, ืขื ืžืขืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื ื™ื”, ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ึพ3.26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ืจืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, 99 ืžโ€ืจ, ืžืจืคืกืช 14 ืžโ€ืจ, ืงื•ืžื” 2 ืžืชื•ืš 18, ืขื ื—ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ืช ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘-2.25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื•: ืจื™/ืžืงืก ืื•ืฉืŸ, ืจื™/ืžืงืก ืคืœื•ืก, ืจื™/ืžืงืก TEAM, ืจื™/ืžืงืก ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื
ื•ื’ื: ื“ื™ืจืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘-1.48 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ, ื“ื™ืจืช 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืžืœ ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘-550 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืžื›ืจื” ื“ื™ืจืช 6 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืฆืคื” ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื?
ืขืฉื• ืขืกืงื”: ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืžื›ืจื” ื“ื™ืจืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืช"ื?
ืขืฉื• ืขืกืงื”: ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืžื›ืจื” ื“ื™ืจืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืช"ื?
21
ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื”ืคืจืง ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ, ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฉืžืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื”: ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœืจื’ืข ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“ โ€” ืืš ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ 6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช; ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืจืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื, ืœืœื ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื—ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื•ื”ืชืืจื›ื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื โ€“ ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืกื™ืจืชืŸ ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขื›ื‘. "ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื•ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ", ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื, ื”ื“ื•"ื— ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, 41% ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขื“ ืžืื™ 2018 ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช 5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืจืง 14% ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 3โ€“3.5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื™ืจื” โ€” ืžืจืคืกืช ืื• ื—ืฆืจ โ€” ื”ื™ื” 35 ืž"ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžืื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืŸ ื•ืคื ื˜ื”ืื•ื–ื™ื ืœืœื ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉ-53% ืžื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืจืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื• ืขืœืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ืคื™ืงืก ืžื—ื™ืจ "ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืœื”ื. ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื, ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ โ€“ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ื–ื” ืจืื” ื•ืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช", ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืจื– ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื–.ื›. ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืกืงืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื™ื•"ืจ ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, "ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช". ืžืฉื’ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื”ื•ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืชืืžื• ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื. 58% ืžื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืจืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื—ื•ื– ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื”, ืจืง 30% ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื–ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”: "ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืฆืข, ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื. ืœื ืกืชื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืจื• ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืงืจืงืข ื›ืฉืœื•, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื, ื‘ื˜ื— ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• 'ืœืงืจื‘' ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ". ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ื˜ื™ึพื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืกืคืง, ื•ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืจืง ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื’ื™ืฉื”. ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืžืคื ื” ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืขืจืš ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืœืคื™ื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืžื ื ื ืžื•ืš ื‘โ€“21% ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืืš ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื–ืŸ. ื›ืš, ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื“ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ื ื” ื ืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 175 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœ-195 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-600 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. "ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืช", ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื”ืŸ. "ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืœื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื”. ื›ืš ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืœื•ืชื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉืง, ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื”. ื”ืœืงื— ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืกื“ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆืจืš, ื•ืœื ืœืžืฆืจืš". ืžืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: "ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืจืž"ื™, ืฆื™ื ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืกื’ืจื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ. ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืชืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ". ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ "ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ื”ื•ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื•, ื•ืœืžืชืŸ ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืจืื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ื•ื— ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2018 , ื•ืžืขืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื ืขืฉื• ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžื•ืงื“ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“". ืœื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืืœ ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ >>
ืคืจืง ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืฉืžืื™ ืืจื– ื›ื”ืŸ: "ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆืจืš, ื•ืœื ืœืžืฆืจืš"
ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
22
"ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ", ื›ืš ืืžืจื” ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช DBM, ื‘ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช 2018 ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื•ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืจืฉืช ืขืžืœ. ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื™ืคืจื” ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ. "ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18 ืขื‘ืจืชื™ 13 ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ", ืืžืจื” ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, "ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืžืคืงื“ ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืžื” ื—ืกืจ ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ. ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื—ืจืช โ€“ ืœืžืฉืœ ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืงื ืžืกื˜ื™ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 15 ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•: 'ืคื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืืจืงื™ื, ืคื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื—ืจ'. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื™ ื•ืœืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืงื•ืจืื•ืช 'ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ืœื ื•ืขืจ', ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช". ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 16. "ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœืกื ื™ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื’ื“ืจื”, ืฉื ืœื™ ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืคืชื— ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: 'ืชื›ืคื™ืœื™, ืชื—ื–ื™ืจื™, ืชืคืกื™ื“ื™ โ€“ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”'. ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™: 'ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื ื•'". ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžืœืฆืจื™ืช. "ืœืงื— ืœื™ ืฉื ื” ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื•. ื›ืฉื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจืชื™ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”, ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืœื ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ โ€“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ ืขื ืง, ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžื—ืฉืžืœืช, ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉืคื•ืคืจื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืขืงื•ืช. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืื ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืก ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืœื". ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ, ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืจืืœ ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ื•ืŸ. "ืฉื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืœ", ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช, "ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืกืงืช ืขื ืง, ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืชื•ื“ื”, ื•ื ืคืœ ืœื™ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜: ืื ื™ ืืžื ืœืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืœื“ืขืชื™. ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืืœ ื”ืœืโ€“ื ื•ื“ืข? ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคืขื ืœื ืžืฆืžืฅ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ 'ืคืจืฉื™ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื™'. "ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช โ€“ ื“ื™.ื‘ื™.ืื, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000. ืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ืืช, ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื” ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื“ื•ื˜.ืงื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื ืคืœื•. ื”ืจื’ืขืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืชื’ื™ืข 2001. ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืœื™ื ืฅ' ื‘ืจืžืืœืœื”, ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื. ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” 2002 - ืžืคื•ืœืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘-2002 ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืžืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื. ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™: ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืจืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ื—ืชืžืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื". ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. "ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืจืกื” ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ืจื”. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืื ื™ ืืžื ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื˜ื™ืก, ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืžืงืฆืข ื‘ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 11 ืกื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืช ื“ืžื• ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื™. ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืกื‘ื ื•ื‘ื ื›ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืจ ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™", ืกื™ื›ืžื”.
ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื™ืคืจื” ื‘ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช 2018 ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืขืกืงืช ืขื ืง ื›ืฉื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจืืœ ื•ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ "ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืชื•ื“ื”, ื ืคืœ ืœื™ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™"
ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช DBM: "ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืงืจืื• ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืขืจ, ืื ื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช"
ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช DBM: "ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืงืจืื• ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืขืจ, ืื ื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช"
23
ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ื” ื ื—ื ืš ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ืœืง ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื ืฉืจ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฉืคื”. ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืชื• ื›-400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›-1500 ื˜ื•ืŸ ืืฉืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืžื ื” ื›-500 ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ืœืง ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™, ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืžืคืขืœ ื ืฉืจ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจ, ืกื’ืŸ ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืช"ื, "ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ืชื•ืœื“ ืคืกื•ืœืช. ื–ื”ื• ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”". ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉืคื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืขืจื™ ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื, ื›ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขืจื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ืชื•ืœื“ ืคืกื•ืœืช (RDF) ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื ืฉืจ, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ืืฉืคื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ืœืง, ื•ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ืœืง ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื˜.
ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ื” ื ื—ื ืš ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื›-500 ื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ืœืง ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื ืฉืจ, ืžืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ
ื”ืืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื“ืœืง ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ื”
ื”ืืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื“ืœืง ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ื”
24
ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื”ืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื›ืฉื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ โ€œื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜โ€. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืกื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืคื™ื, ืฉื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื, ืฉืžื•ืชื’ ื›ืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ืฉืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื ืกื—ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ึพ2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ, ืขื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ืืœื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืจืง ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืงืคืช ืื•ืชื” ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืžื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื‘ึพ50% ื•ืขื•ื“ 25% ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ, ืฉืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ึพ25% ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื. ื’ื ืœืœื ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืขื•ืงืคืช ืืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ. ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืงืืื•ื˜. ืœื ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื”ืคื›ืช ื‘ึพ5 ืฉื ื™ื ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉืœ 103.3% ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœึพ99.5% ืฉืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืœื ืขื•ืจืจื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (1.24 ืžื•ืœ 1.36 ืฉืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ, ื”ื’ื ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช (ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 40%), ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (75% ืœืขื•ืžืช 67% ืฉืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ). ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข. ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืฆ'ืžืจืงื™ื, ื›ื–ื” ืฉ"ื ืฆืžื“" ืœืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกื”, ืืœื ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืกืชืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื”, ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื• ื‘ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืœื™ืœื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’, ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื’ืข. ื’ื ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ื•ื’ื ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœืžืขื˜ ืงืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ, ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžื˜ื” ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืงืœืœ. ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืขื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ 31.5% ืœืขื•ืžืช 27.2% ืฉืœ ื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืจืฉืžื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ 27.4%. ืืœื ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ ื•ืงืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืจ, ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืœื ืžืชื‘ืจื’ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช (1.72) ื•ืžื“ื“ ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” (63.3%) โ€” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืข ืืฆืœ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœื ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ ื—ืœืฉ. ื”ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ื›ืจื™ื”. ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืžืชื‘ืจื’ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžื ืฃ ื–ืืช ืœื’ื™ื•ืกื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืžื• ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ. ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื ื™ื ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ืžืŸ ื›"ื›ื•ื›ื‘" ื•ืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืคื ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš โ€“ ื•ืœื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื โ€“ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ โ€“ ื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ื•ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ โ€“ ื”ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืฉื’ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช (ื“ื‘ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืช, ื’ื™ืœืขื“ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœื‘ ื•ืื”ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื ื™), ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืœืคื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. * * * ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืคืจืฆื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืš ื“ื™ืจื’ื ื• ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ึพ10 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืขื ืฆื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ 1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’, ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืงืžื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื‘, ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืงืœื™ ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื, ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉืงืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื: ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” 50% ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ; ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ โ€“ 25% ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ืžื“ื“ ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืขื•ื“ืคืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข โ€“ 25%. ืžื” ืžืฆืื ื•? ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืœืœื ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืชื™ืง ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช: ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืืคื™ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ื™ื ืงื” ืžื›ึพ22% ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ึพ36% ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019. ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืคื—ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ึพ2009, ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืคืกื™ืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืชืจืžื• ืœืชื“ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช. ื‘ืืคื™ืง ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื ื™ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืจืื” โ€“ ื—ืœืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’"ื— ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืžึพ30.5% ืœึพ19.2%. ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ืง ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืฉืœื ืžืคืฆื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคื™ืง, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื’"ื— ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืคื™ืงื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ึพ8.5% ื‘ืœื‘ื“. 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื ืงื” ืœื›ึพ32.5%. ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘, ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช, ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•'. ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืืคื™ืง ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื›ึพ250% ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ึพ18% ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019, ื•ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›ึพ43.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ. ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ืฉืชืจืžื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ. ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื•ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ. ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื™ืจื“ื• ืžึพ1.17% ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2009 ืœึพ0.73% ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2018, ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019. ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืจืจ, ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืงืœื™ ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืงืœื™
ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ ื•ืงืœื™ ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ ืขื ืฃ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื”, ืขื ืคืขืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื. ื›ืš ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง
ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ, ืื—ืจื™ ืงืจื‘ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืขื ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ
ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ, ืื—ืจื™ ืงืจื‘ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืขื ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ
25
"ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืงื˜", ืืžืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื—ื’'ื’', ืžื ื›"ืœ ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืงื˜, ื‘ืคืื ืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜". "ื”ืื ื ืขืฉื• ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช?! ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜", ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื—ื’'ื’'. "ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ. ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ - ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง, ื•ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื". ื—ื’'ื’' ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืชืจื ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืคืืจืง ืฉืจื•ื ื” ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืกื‘ืœ ืžืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืขืกืงื™ื, "ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืืจืงื˜ ื ืคืชื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ืกืคื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ืขืจื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ". ืืจื ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืืฉื“ืจ, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื›ื™ "ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ืคืจืขื”". ื”ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืœืฃ (ืžืžืฉืจื“ ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืœืฃ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื), ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ืื—ื“ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื’ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื "ื™ืฉ ืœืจื›ื– ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื. ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื". ื•ื•ืœืฃ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื–ื”. "ืžืชื—ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื ืกื• ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืกืงื™ื", ืืžืจ. ืขื•"ื“ ืขื ืช ื‘ื™ืจืŸ, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ื”"ื“ ืขื ืช ื‘ื™ืจืŸ, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ืงืžื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ื”ืจืก. "ื›ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืคืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื”ื. ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ". ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื™ "ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื” ืœืชืช ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœื• ืืœื™ื•". ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช "ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชื ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืคื•ืจืจื™ื. ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉ "ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื”. ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื’ื ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ืชื•ืงืข ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜".
ื”ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืœืฃ ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืื ืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื›ื™ "ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื–ื”. "ืžืชื—ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื ืกื• ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืกืงื™ื", ืืžืจ
ืžื ื›"ืœ ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืงื˜: "ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช; ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืกื—ืจ"
ืžื ื›"ืœ ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืงื˜: "ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช; ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืกื—ืจ"
26
ื”ืื ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ? ืื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ, ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื. "ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”", ืืžืจ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜". "ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื’ ืืฉื“ื•ื“. ื™ืชืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื•, ื›ื•ืœื, ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ื ืขื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ืš. ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืชื—ื• 80 ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ 388 ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฆ'ืžื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื—ืจ. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ, ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื’ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืžื ื’ื“ ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช. ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ: "ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื•ืŸ (ื”ืงืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ โ€“ ื"ื™). ื ืคืชื—ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืชืžื”ื™ืœ, ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื™ืกืขื• ืœืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืœื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื›ื™ ืจื‘, ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืจื•ื•ื—. ืœื ืจืง ื–ืืช, ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื ื’ืกื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื". ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ืœื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื. "ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื”, ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”", ืืžืจ ืœื•ื™. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื—. ื–ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื ืœื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืจืฉืช ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก ืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืœื™ื”ื. ืื‘ื™ ื›ืฅ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก, ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื™ืกืช ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื, ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, "ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืฉื ื™ ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก, ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”. ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก ืœืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืคื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•? ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื‘ืžืจืชืคื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื”ื—ืœื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื”. ื”ื—ืœื• ืชื•ืจื™ื". ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืื‘ื™ ื›ืฅ. "ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขื ื›ืฅ ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก ื ื›ื ื™ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื™ ืœื•ื™ ืื• ื™ื•ื—ื ื ื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœืœืงื•ื— ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื™ืคื” ืœืงื ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืจืงื˜ ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืจืžื™ ืœื•ื™. ื’ื ืืช ืงื•ืคื™ืงืก ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•". ืื‘ื™ ื›ืฅ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ืชืชืคื•ืฆืฅ: "ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื›ื ืก ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ. ืื ืœื ืชืฉืชื ื” ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืชืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš". ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืจ ื–ืื‘, ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื™ื’, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื’ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื‘ื™ื’ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžื”ืขื•ืžืก ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ื•ืžืœื™ืกืจื•ืŸ. "ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื•ืžื–ื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืื– ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื ืžื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื™. ืฉืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืงื•ืคืฅ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืฉืฉื•ื›ืจ ืคื•ืชื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืคื’ืข. ื™ืงื— ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช". ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืก ืœืฉื ืช 2015, ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื• ื‘ 2.5% ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืื•ื•ืจ ืกื ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื• ืจืง ื‘ 0.07%. ื‘ืจ ื–ืื‘ ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉ ืžื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. "ื‘ืคืื•ื•ืจ ืกื ื˜ืจื™ื (ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื) ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” 30% ืžืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืก. ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ืืช ืกื•ืคืจ ืคืืจื, ืืช ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคืื•ื•ืจ ืกื ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืจืื” ืจื™ืก. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื—ืงืช ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ. ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช". ืจืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื•. ื”ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช 2015 ื‘ื”ืคืกื“, ื•ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ื•ื’ืกืช ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช. ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืงืฅ ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืืชืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช buy2 ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ. "ื–ื” ืฉืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืงื ื• ืืช buy2 ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืชื—ืจื•ืช. ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื’ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ". ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืขื ืฃ: ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืงื™ืฆืฆืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื–. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” - ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชืคื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื—ื’ ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื’ - ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื’ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ." "ืœื‘ื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืคืื•ื•ืจ ืกื ื˜ืจื™ื. ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืื•ื•ืจ ืกื ื˜ืจื™ื. ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื, ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืกืฃ. ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืขื•ื“ 4 ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ืงื“ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื”. ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• 15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืฉื–ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ืืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ ืจืžืœื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ." ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืกื™ื›ื: "ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ. ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื”. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช โ€“ ื ื’ืžืจ ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื ืคืชื— ื—ื•ื–ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื›ืกืฃ. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช. ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืคืชื—ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืกื’ืจื• ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืœื”ื“ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื”".
ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ืจืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜. ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืชื—ื• 80 ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ืื ื”ื”ืื˜ื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื? "ื—ื’ ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื’ - ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช"
ื”ืื ื”ื”ืื˜ื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื? "ื—ื’ ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื’ - ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช"
27
ื–ื•ื›ื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืืคื˜. ื”ืื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืืจื•ื—ื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจื• ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืงืฉื™ื™ืจ ื”ืช'ืื•ื•ื™ื™, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืืคื˜. ื”ืกื›ื•ื, 3.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื™ื™ืชืจื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื“ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 19 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืŸ ื ืžื›ืจื•ืช, ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืืคื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืืจื•ื—ื” ืขื ื‘ืืคื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื”-87 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ 7 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข, ืฉื™ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืกืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงื™ืช ืกืžื™ืช' ืื ื“ ื•ื•ืœื ืกืงื™. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืืš ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ืื™-ืคืขื, ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ 3,456,789 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘-2012 ื•ื‘-2016. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืืคื˜ ื”ื™ื” 25 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ. "ื’ืœื™ื™ื“ ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื. ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”", ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืืคื˜ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืคืจืกื.
ื–ื•ื›ื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืืจื•ื—ื” ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”-87. ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื™ืชืจื ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•. ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืขื“ 7 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื™ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืกืขื“ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืืคื˜: 3.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืืคื˜: 3.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
28
ืืช ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืคื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ืžื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™'. ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืงืจืื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™' ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืขื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. "ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื", ืืžืจื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคื” ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืืœื ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื? ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืจืฆื•? ืžืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžืชื™ ืชืกืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืชืฉืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื™ืฉ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™'. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™', ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืจืŸ ืืจื– ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™' ืชืกืชื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘-20 ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื”. ืžื–ื›"ืœื™ืช ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ืคื” ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™' ื™ืชื ื• 9 ื™ืžื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื-ื˜, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืขื“ ื”-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™. ื”ื™ื ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืื—ืจืช ื’ื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื-ื˜ ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืชืฉืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืฉืœืฉื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜ ืฉื’ื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™' ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื“ ื”-1 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™. ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืง, ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”-16 ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื•ื“ 9 ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื— ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืฉืง. ื’ืœื ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืชืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื-ื’ ืฉื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืžืฉืง ื’ื•ืจืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืคืจืื™ื™ืจ. ืจืŸ ืืจื– ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื ื›ื ืข ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ. ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืกืคื’ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืงืฉื” ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืฉืขื”. ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื’ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ืจื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื™' ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื-ื˜ ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช. ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืชืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆืืช ื›ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืชืคืฉืจื™ื, ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืคืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื•ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื”. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืœื ืขืฉื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ. ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช. ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืจื’ืข ื‘ืกื›ื ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืŸ 750 ืืœืฃ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื. ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืกื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”" ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืžื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื– ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืจืง ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœืžื•ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืคื’ืขื• ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื ื›ื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืคืœ. ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืœื•"ื– ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•: 19 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื™' ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืžื“ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื 30 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื. 1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 9 ื™ืžื™ื. ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื’ื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™' ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”. 13 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 9 ื™ืžื™ื. 27 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™ื-ื™ื‘.
ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™' ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืื™ืฉ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื™ ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื
ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืœืฆืืช ืคืจืื™ื™ืจื™ื
ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืœืฆืืช ืคืจืื™ื™ืจื™ื

Dataset Description

id - article id
articleBody - article main content
description - short version of the article, description of the article
headline - headline of the article
title - title of the article 
Downloads last month
95
Edit dataset card