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[ { "contents": "Termination rates\n\n\nlandline numbers starting 01 and 02, non-geographic numbers starting 03 and mobile numbers starting 071-075 and 077-079. The rates do not apply to landline or mobile numbers allocated in the Channel Islands or Isle of Man. Termination charges for calls to mobile numbers are reviewed every three years and annual reductions are set for the next three years. A separate set of regulations cover non-geographic numbers starting 084, 087, 09 and 118. The termination rate for mobile voice calls was set to 0.68 pence per", "id": "11148034" }, { "contents": "Flipper (mobile application)\n\n\nFlipper is a mobile application created by London-based UK telecoms start up, Futuregen Communications Ltd. The application allows users to download additional UK mobile numbers onto their smartphones, from anywhere in the world. The company was founded by Josh Aspess and George Lineker, with the aim of providing security and safety online by offering a convenient means by which users can avoid giving out their personal phone number online, and yet still be contacted on their usual phone via a mobile number. The company successfully closed their first round of funding in", "id": "21412117" }, { "contents": "Big Brovaz\n\n\nNumber 4 in the UK singles chart. The fifth single from the album, \"Ain't What You Do\", which sampled Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \"It Ain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)\" was the group's fifth top 15 hit, peaking at Number 15. The group's debut album was certified platinum in the UK, a great achievement for UK R&B and hip hop. The group next appeared on-screen in the 2004 film \"\",", "id": "5718407" }, { "contents": "Ain't What You Do\n\n\n\"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ai", "id": "1771241" }, { "contents": "The Zutons discography\n\n\nValerie\", \"Oh Stacey (Look What You've Done!)\" and \"It's the Little Things We Do\" all in 2006 achieving number 9, number 9, number 24 and number 47, in the UK singles chart respectively. In June 2008, the band released their third studio album, \"You Can Do Anything\" which peaked at number 6 in the UK album chart. They released two singles from the album: \"Always Right Behind You\", which reached number 26 in the UK singles", "id": "13511015" }, { "contents": "Lycamobile\n\n\nservices. T-Mobile in the United Kingdom charges its customers exclusive of their minutes allowance for calls to United Kingdom Lycamobile/GT Mobile numbers, despite Lycamobile UK being headquartered in London, and using United Kingdom \"07\"-prefixed numbers issued by Ofcom, in the UK. By contrast, Lycamobile UK does not treat calls to UK T-Mobile customers any differently and calls are charged just as any \"07\" UK mobile telephone numbers. In June 2016, Lycamobile in France was under investigation by authorities for tax fraud and money", "id": "2499213" }, { "contents": "Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\n\n\nAs such they are not usually meant to be directly dialled. These numbers have been problematic as some mobile phone operators in the UK do not allow access to these ranges, and there may also be difficulty accessing these numbers from outside the UK. Regulator Ofcom proposes that in future these numbers be released for wider, general-purpose use in up to 70 area codes facing number shortage. In order to avoid confusion with codes beginning with these digits, the area code must always be dialled, even from within the same geographic", "id": "16936548" }, { "contents": "Radiotelephone\n\n\n. Such transponding systems usually have a status code that the user can set to indicate what they are doing. Features like this, while very simple, are one reason why they are very popular with organisations that need to manage a large number of remote mobile units. Selcall is widely used, though is becoming superseded by much more sophisticated digital systems. Mobile radio telephone systems such as Mobile Telephone Service and Improved Mobile Telephone Service allowed a mobile unit to have a telephone number allowing access from the general telephone network, although some", "id": "8627800" }, { "contents": "What Am I Gonna Do with You\n\n\n\"What Am I Gonna Do with You\" is a popular song recorded by Barry White. Written and produced by White, the song was White's fifth top ten hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart, reaching number eight and spent a week at number one on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart during the spring of 1975. In the UK, it peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart. It appeared on White's 1975 album, \"Just Another Way to Say I Love You\"", "id": "16060601" }, { "contents": "Chesney Hawkes\n\n\nas the mobile phone ringtone of Michelle Monaghan's character. The single spent five weeks at No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart. He has released eight singles including \"I'm a Man Not a Boy\" and \"Another Fine Mess\". In 1993, his single \"What's Wrong With This Picture?\" reached number 63 in the UK, and his 2002 collaboration with Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne, \"Stay Away Baby Jane\", reached number 74 in the UK Singles Chart. Hawkes returned to", "id": "10482962" }, { "contents": "Telephone numbers in Brazil\n\n\n\". In order to standardize the mobile numbering plan in Brazil, ANATEL started gradually rolling out the change to nine digits in other area codes and states as well. The last three states to implement the ninth digit in mobile numbers (the Southern states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, corresponding to area codes \"41\" through \"55\") did so on 6 November 2016. Initial digits \"6\" through \"8\" remain reserved for mobile lines, but as of August 2018 all mobile", "id": "13864202" }, { "contents": "Robin Brattel\n\n\nfor UK Government Websites – Illustrated Handbook for Web Management Teams\", the UK Government's official web guidelines document. In September 2014, Brattel founded WeGoDo Inc and WeGoDo Ltd, a business whose focus is to help connect people who share the same interests so that they can do more of what they love to do. WeGoDo was shortlisted for the Alpha Summit part of the Dublin Web Summit 2014 event in Dublin, Ireland. The mobile first solution was scheduled to roll out in spring 2015. In 2009, Brattel founded Inapub", "id": "90857" }, { "contents": "What Can You Do for Me\n\n\n\"What Can You Do For Me\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of number 10 in the UK Singles Chart. The song uses samples from \"There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)\" by Eurythmics and \"Ain't Nothin' Goin' on But the Rent\" by Gwen Guthrie. The single was released in August 1991 and entered the UK Singles Chart on 18 August at number 26. The song steadily rose", "id": "12658787" }, { "contents": "HTC Desire\n\n\n, Cox Wireless, nTelos Wireless, Cellcom, and United Wireless in southwest Kansas. In Canada, the device was released by Telus Mobility on 6 August 2010. In Europe, the carriers were Elisa in Finland, Vodafone UK, Vodafone Ireland, Meteor Irl, BT Broadband Anywhere, T-Mobile UK, O2, Orange UK, 3, and Virgin Mobile UK. In Australia, it is exclusive to Telstra. In Japan, Softbank Mobile started sales in April. In Turkey, Vodafone started sales in late November 2010", "id": "10207219" }, { "contents": "What Went Down\n\n\nWhat Went Down is the fourth studio album by British rock band Foals, released on 28 August 2015 via Transgressive Records in the United Kingdom. The album is produced by James Ford, known for his work with Simian Mobile Disco, The Last Shadow Puppets and Arctic Monkeys amongst others. According to frontman Yannis Philippakis, it is slated to be their loudest and heaviest record to date. \"What Went Down\" debuted at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart and at number 58 on the \"Billboard\" 200, making it", "id": "2428108" }, { "contents": "What Do You Want? (Adam Faith song)\n\n\n\"What Do You Want?\" was a 1959 song that became a number one hit in the United Kingdom for Adam Faith. It was written by Les Vandyke and produced by John Burgess and arranged by John Barry. It first appeared on the UK Singles Chart on 20 November 1959 and spent 19 weeks there. It was at number one for three weeks, sharing the position for the final week with \"What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?\" by Emile Ford & The Checkmates. It is", "id": "4626310" }, { "contents": "Telecommunications in the United Kingdom\n\n\n1990s and celebrated its centenary in 2004. There are more mobile phones than people in the UK. In 2011 there were 82 million subscriptions in the UK. There were 76 million in 2008 and 55 million in January 2005. Each of the main network operators sells mobile phone services to the public. In addition, companies such as Virgin Mobile UK and Tesco Mobile act as mobile virtual network operators, using the infrastructure of other companies. There is a set numbering plan for phone numbers within the United Kingdom, which is regulated", "id": "13127588" }, { "contents": "'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)\n\n\non the fact that he liked their look. \"It Ain't What You Do...\" became a big hit in the UK, climbing to number four in the UK Singles Chart, and achieving a Silver certification from the British Phonographic Industry. The success of the single also prompted Bananarama to return the favour and have Fun Boy Three sing on their next single, \"Really Saying Something\". In 2012, the cover version was used in a commercial for Hewlett-Packard's color printers, which aired in the United", "id": "1979804" }, { "contents": "EE Limited\n\n\n, the police indicated that they would no longer go ahead with the deal. Ipsos MORI defended its actions, while EE refused to comment. In April 2013, T-Mobile UK was embroiled in a mid-contract increase controversy when it applied an above Retail Price Index increase to many contract customers but refused to allow termination as allowed by the terms of the contract. A number of customers complained to CISAS about the conduct of T-Mobile UK, and its handling of the matter. In August 2014, EE started", "id": "10013882" }, { "contents": "Mobile search\n\n\nuser looking for a local cab or taxi company after a night out. Services also usually come with a map and directions to help the user. An example is the service offered by Yell in the UK which is powered by MobilePeople's technology. These services offer users recommendations on what they should do next. An example would be recommending a user a similar ringtone to the one that s/he has just browsed for. They operate, in a mobile context, in a similar way to the recommendation engines provided by internet", "id": "130684" }, { "contents": "Sky UK\n\n\nfor Unlimited Calls & Texts. The Unlimited Calls & Texts package is free for new or existing Sky TV customers using the Sky Mobile network. As of 30 March 2017, Sky Mobile is offering handset deals. Products are available from manufacturers such as Samsung, Sony, LG and Apple. Sky launched with a set top box known as the Sky Digibox, using the Slogans \"\"What do you want to watch?\", \"Entertainment your way\"\" and the current slogan \"\"Believe in Better\"\".", "id": "15179359" }, { "contents": "What's Love Got to Do with It (song)\n\n\n\"What's Love Got to Do with It\" is a song recorded by the American singer Tina Turner, released in 1984. It was taken from her fifth solo album, \"Private Dancer\" and became Turner's most successful single. Although Turner had already scored a UK Top 10 and US Top 30 hit some months earlier with her rendition of \"Let's Stay Together\", \"What's Love Got to Do with It\" gave Turner her first and only US number one. The song ranked number 309 on", "id": "18737263" }, { "contents": "T-Mobile\n\n\nspeed 3G and HSDPA networks operated by T-Mobile UK and 3 (UK) was to take place starting January 2008. This left T-Mobile and 3 with the largest HSDPA mobile phone network in the country. In 2009, France Télécom's Orange and DT, T-Mobile's parent, announced they were in advanced talks to merge their UK operations to create the UK's largest mobile operator. In March 2010, the European Commission approved this merger on the condition that the combined company sell 25% of", "id": "18756434" }, { "contents": "Behind Closed Doors (Thunder album)\n\n\n. The single debuted at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart and number 2 on the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart, behind Van Halen's \"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)\". \"River of Pain\" was issued as the album's second single on 13 February 1995, debuting at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart and number 5 on the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart, and \"Castles in the Sand\" was released as the third and final single from the record on 24", "id": "11191621" }, { "contents": "118 118 (UK)\n\n\n118 118 is the UK telephone number for a US owned directory enquiries provider. Once wildly popular for its advertising featuring two runners, the service has experienced a dramatic decline in calls due to easily accessible information via mobile devices. Calls are answered from call centres in the Philippines, with some administration in Cardiff, Wales and other management offices in London that provides telephone numbers, given subscriber name and address, and answers general questions on any subject. 118 118 started operation in December 2002. In September 2013 the company started 118118Money", "id": "13950218" }, { "contents": "Telephone numbers in the Netherlands\n\n\nbr 078 Dordrechtbr 079 Zoetermeerbr The non-geographic numbers do not have a prescribed fixed number of digits, but are usually kept as short as possible. Mobile telephone numbers, however, always have 9 digits, just like geographic numbers. The non-geographical telephone number categories are, including the trunk access code: Toll-free numbers (0800) can always be dialled for free, even from (public) payphones; other numbers starting with 08 are not free. The emergency number is 112. GSM mobile phones may", "id": "17503124" }, { "contents": "What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?\n\n\n\"What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?\" is a song written by Joseph McCarthy, Howard Johnson and James V. Monaco in 1916. It was released in 1917 by Ada Jones and Billy Murray on Victor Records (catalogue number 18224). It became a UK hit in 1959 when a doo-wop version, produced by Michael Barclay, became a number one hit for Emile Ford and the Checkmates over the Christmas and New Year of 1959/60, having overtaken Adam Faith's 'What Do You Want", "id": "4626270" }, { "contents": "Industrial Toys\n\n\nthe things we're working on constantly doing is tearing away those preconceptions of what a core game is and starting over with the ideas that we have on that mobile platform. And it really just boils down to designing for the device. The second thing is our team. We are going to invest millions in this space. And we are assembling what I think is a dream team to go after core gamers on mobile, and we haven't even announced half the folks that are working on our first project. In the", "id": "9114419" }, { "contents": "Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\n\n\nmay be excluded from calling plans offering unlimited UK fixed line calls. Mobile operators may also charge more for calls to the islands and these calls are usually excluded from calling plans. Calls and SMS messages sent to island mobile phone numbers are not charged at the same rate as calls to UK mobile phone numbers. This area code is used for the Bailiwick of Guernsey, i.e. including Alderney and Sark. Several Jersey companies also have non-geographic numbers allocated. On the Isle of Man, both fixed (01624) and mobile", "id": "16936562" }, { "contents": "Sony Xperia Z1\n\n\n(And other Xperia devices) got an update that removed the \"What's new\" application when swiping up, because of user complaints. On 15 April 2015, Sony Mobile officially released the Android 5.0.2 Lollipop update for the Xperia Z1 starting with build number 14.5.A.0.242. The PlayStation App on the Xperia Z1 came preinstalled on the Lollipop update, whereas it was previously not preinstalled on earlier Jelly Bean and KitKat updates. In September 2015, Sony Mobile officially released the Android 5.1.1 Lollipop update for the Xperia Z1 starting with build number", "id": "21990168" }, { "contents": "National Infrastructure Commission\n\n\noptions for improving connectivity across the North of England. Options include High Speed 3, upgrades to the motorway network, investment in conventional railways and a new Trans-pennine Tunnel. Connected Future explored what the UK needs to do to become a world leader in 5G deployment and take early advantage of the potential applications of 5G services. The commission found that Britain was 54th in the world for 4G and that the UK government and the communications regulator, Ofcom, needed to ensure that essential outdoor mobile services, such", "id": "6184674" }, { "contents": "Local number portability\n\n\nprovider they are migrating. Some companies even do not charge anything. Singapore was one of the first countries to introduce number portability for mobile telephones in 1997. This is currently implemented through voice call & SMS forwarding. True number portability was realized from June 13, 2008, with the implementation of a Centralised Number Portability Database Solution, as proposed by the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) of Singapore. In South Korea, mobile number portability service started from January 1, 2004. One thing different from other countries is that it", "id": "5252432" }, { "contents": "Contactless payment\n\n\nnumbers and percentages of adoption. Telecom operators are starting to get involved in contactless payments via the use of near field communication phones. Belgacom's Pingping, for example, has a stored value account and via a partnership with Alcatel-Lucent's Touchatag provides contactless payment functionalities. In January 2010, Barclaycard partnered with mobile phone firm Orange, to launch a contactless credit card in the UK. Orange and Barclaycard also announced in 2009 that they would be launching a mobile phone with contactless technology. In October 2011, the first mobile", "id": "5070696" }, { "contents": "Young Foolish Happy\n\n\n's \"The Chris Moyles Show\" on 11 July 2011. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Lott's third UK number one. \"All About Tonight\" also reached number nine on the Irish Singles Chart, Lott's second highest-peaking single on the chart after \"Boys and Girls\" (2009). Second single \"What Do You Take Me For?\", featuring rapper Pusha T, was released on 4 November 2011. The track reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart", "id": "19235085" }, { "contents": "Do What U Want\n\n\nas an album pre-order incentive. 'Do What U Want' is the second track [following 'Applause'] to be delivered to fans who pre-order \"Artpop\"\". Thus the song was not eligible to enter the chart until the promotion finished and the album was released. According to Alan Jones from \"Music Week\", in the week following its release the single sold 22,915 copies in the UK. After the release of \"Artpop\", \"Do What U Want\" debuted at number", "id": "3469690" }, { "contents": "Richard Ashcroft\n\n\nAshcroft was booked as a support act for Coldplay's Twisted Logic Tour throughout North America and the UK, which started on 14 March in Ottawa, Canada. Ashcroft saw the support slot as \"a good chance to play to a significant amount of people and say, 'I’m back. And this is what I do'\". The album's second single, \"Music Is Power\", charted at number 20. On 18 April 2006, he recorded the \"Live from London EP\", the ninth in", "id": "8191707" }, { "contents": "Mobile number portability\n\n\nMobile number portability (MNP) enables mobile telephone users to retain their mobile telephone numbers when changing from one mobile network carrier to another. Mobile number portability is implemented in different ways across the globe. The International and European standard is for a customer wishing to port his/her number to contact the new network (recipient), which then sends the number portability request (NPR) to the current network (donor). This is known as \"recipient-led\" porting. The UK and India are the only exceptions", "id": "6091044" }, { "contents": "3G\n\n\nDO. AT&T Mobility was also a true 3G UMTS network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA. The first commercial United Kingdom 3G network was started by Hutchison Telecom which was originally behind Orange S.A.. In 2003, it announced first commercial third generation or 3G mobile phone network in the UK. The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2100 MHz. This was a demonstration", "id": "2691067" }, { "contents": "Freeserve\n\n\nUK operation of Orange, and were known as Orange Home UK plc. In 2010 Orange UK and T-Mobile UK merged to form EE which was a joint venture between Deutsche Telekom and France Télécom. Orange's broadband service was then rebranded as EE Broadband on 30 October 2012. In August 2007, Orange started a process to purge unused Freeserve accounts from its system. Originally Freeserve accounts would be deactivated after ninety days if the dial-up number was not accessed (hence not generating any revenue for Orange). Customers", "id": "16075125" }, { "contents": "Do What U Like\n\n\nThe single was released on then-manager Nigel Martin-Smith's record label Dance U.K. and was a commercial failure, peaking at number 82 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Do What U Like\" is also the only single not to be included on the band's second greatest hits compilation, \"Never Forget – The Ultimate Collection\" (2005). During the band's early television appearances and outdoor shows, the song was a recurring number to play. They performed it during the \"Everything Changes\" tour with", "id": "8837926" }, { "contents": "What Do You Mean?\n\n\nBlues\" and Pharrell Williams' \"Happy\". 'What Do You Mean?' was the ninth best-selling single of 2015 in the UK with combined sales of 988,000 copies. In Australia, \"What Do You Mean\" debuted atop the ARIA Singles Chart on September 5, becoming Bieber's first number-one single on the chart. The song spent four consecutive weeks on top of the chart, becoming the second-longest running chart-topping track for 2015 and gaining a platinum certification from the Australian Recording", "id": "10685661" }, { "contents": "John Carter (musician)\n\n\nengineer in a small recording studio in Denmark Street, London. They noticed their voices blended well and started recording demos together, resulting in a single on Pye Records, \"What More Do You Want\" as the Ivy League. Their luck changed when Herman's Hermits recorded \"Can't You Hear My Heartbeat\" and took it to number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States. In the UK it was a smaller hit for Goldie and the Gingerbreads. They then provided backing vocals for \"I", "id": "21497545" }, { "contents": "History of rugby league in South Africa\n\n\nworld 15 to play against the Springboks at Ellis Park - Mr Oxley replied \"...sport and politics are inextricably mixed, and to ignore one without the other is simply to bury ones head in the sand...\" So what are you going to do now Dave? Well not quite sure at the moment. TB-Why don't we do it ourselves? What? Start League in SA? DS-Yeah I'm up for that how should we start? TB-I'm actually going to the UK for a month", "id": "9044025" }, { "contents": "A Head Full of Dreams\n\n\n, replacing \"25\". This enabled Coldplay to achieve there what Adele prevented them from doing in other territories; all of their studio albums reaching the top spot. On 12 February 2016, following the positive reception and exposure from Coldplay's headlining set at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show, the album rose to number one in the UK after selling 30,146 copies that week. This secured them a seventh number one album in the UK, thus putting them second in the list of acts with the most UK number one albums", "id": "4690871" }, { "contents": "Mobile number portability\n\n\nalso known as \"indirect routing\" and is highly inefficient as it is wasteful of transmission and switching capacity. Because of its donor dependent nature, indirect routing also means that if the donor network develops a fault or goes out of business, the customers who have ported numbers out of that network will lose incoming calls to their numbers. The UK telecoms regulator Ofcom completed its extended review of the UK MNP process on 29 November 2007, and mandated that ACQ/CDB be implemented for mobile to mobile ported calls by no later", "id": "6091050" }, { "contents": "Orange Livebox\n\n\nallowed Orange mobile users free calls to UK landline 01 02, UK non-geographic 03 and Orange UK mobile calls and landlines in 30 countries as per the newer Livebox package when calls started over wifi (and continued to be free when call transferred seamlessly over to Orange UK mobile network). Later the Unique plan above was FREE on any price plan, then optional £1 for Orange UK calls, £3 for UK landlines & Orange or £5 for both and included the 30 International landlines. Orange dropped these Unique", "id": "10872367" }, { "contents": "JLS\n\n\nnumber two on the UK Singles Chart. The song was written by Emile Ghantous, Frankie Bautista, Nasri Atweh, and Nick Turpin. The band's third single \"Do You Feel What I Feel?\" was released on 1 January 2012 and became their lowest-charting single to date, peaking at number sixteen. The album charted at number 2 on the UK Album Charts, making it the second consecutive album to miss the number 1 spot, and entered the Irish Album Charts at number 5. In 2012, JLS", "id": "16421575" }, { "contents": "Dive In\n\n\nwas released on 29 July 2002 and went straight to number 1 in the UK for two weeks and was certified Silver. The second single \"Rushes\", also did well, going to number 5 in the UK charts, and the third single \"Incredible (What I Meant to Say)\" went to number 9. The fourth and last single \"Girl in the Moon\" didn't do as well but still got to number 21. The album actually has 69 tracks, but after the first 12 they are all", "id": "10128724" }, { "contents": "Do You Feel What I Feel?\n\n\n\"Do You Feel What I Feel?\" is a song by British boy band JLS from their third studio album, \"Jukebox\". It was released as the album's third and final single on 30 December 2011. The song was written by Gloria Shayne Baker, Tebey, Julian Bunetta, Noël Regney, John Ryan, and it was produced by Julian Bunetta. The song samples Bing Crosby's classic festive hit \"Do You Hear What I Hear?\". The song charted at number 16 on the UK Singles", "id": "7333640" }, { "contents": "There Will Never Be Another Tonight\n\n\npeak at number one. The song was released in Australia, Europe and New Zealand in 1991. \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\" (\"Waking Up the Neighbours\"' first single) and \"Can't Stop This Thing We Started\" reached the UK top five. \"There Will Never Be Another Tonight\" continued the trend of lower-charting singles when it debuted and peaked at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart. Although \"There Will Never Be Another Tonight\" reached the top", "id": "628545" }, { "contents": "Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless\n\n\nnow MTS) in India, and by the 3 network in much of Europe, the UK and Australia on many mobile phones produced especially for their network. Because BREW is only offered to mobile networks that operates in CDMA, other countries (with the exception of parts of Europe, the UK and Australia via the 3 network, India, Japan and China) do not have BREW, because they don't have CDMA networks. Manufacturers such as Huawei, INQ Mobile, Amoi, LG, Samsung Mobile, ZTE, and", "id": "4117920" }, { "contents": "List of Record Mirror number-one singles\n\n\n, reached number-one on the \"Record Mirror\" chart but are not classified as number-one by the UK Singles Chart. Additionally, the \"Record Mirror\" and other charts differed about what they classified as the top song of the year. \"Record Mirror\" classified The Everly Brothers' \"All I Have to Do Is Dream\"/\"Claudette\" as the top single of 1958 while the UK Singles Chart best-selling single of that year was Elvis Presley's \"Jailhouse Rock\". Furthermore, despite never reaching number", "id": "10991994" }, { "contents": "Connectify\n\n\nnetwork it creates. This feature is available for free. Speedify is a mobile VPN service available for devices running Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. Speedify 1.0 was first launched in June 2014 as a channel bonding service. Speedify can combine multiple Internet connections given its link aggregation capabilities. In theory, this should offer faster Internet connection speeds and failover protection. Starting 2016, as a VPN service, Speedify's privacy policy states they do not log what users do or what sites they visit through the Speedify service. Speedify", "id": "13328942" }, { "contents": "Kyla (British singer)\n\n\nKyla Reid ( Smith; born 22 September 1983) is a British house music singer in the UK funky subgenre. She is best known for her song \"Do You Mind\" which was later featured on Drake's 2016 international hit \"One Dance\". Kyla features on the Crazy Cousinz UK funky song \"Do You Mind\", released in 2008, which peaked at number 48 on the UK Singles Chart in 2009. DJ Paleface liked Kyla's voice after seeing her in a video for the song \"Be What I", "id": "21166343" }, { "contents": "Listen (business)\n\n\nListen Fundraising is a UK-based telemarketing company that conducts telephone fundraising, mobile fundraising, and legacy fundraising campaigns on behalf of charitable and non-charitable institutions. Listen began operations on December 1, 2008. The company started out as a small operation of three Fundraisers conducting telephone-based fundraising campaigns. It now has two London-based offices calling across the UK and abroad. The company has raised £150 million for its clients across the UK. The company has run campaigns for a number of high-profile charities", "id": "16064357" }, { "contents": "Now TV (Sky)\n\n\nthe UK. On 26 April 2017 the Now TV internet television service was launched in Ireland. From July 2018 Now TV started offering a Hayu video on demand subscription. Now Broadband is not currently available in the Republic of Ireland or Italy with no future plans announced. Television content is available on a number of different platforms providing access via big screen and small screen mobile devices. In the UK, Republic of Ireland and Italy six devices can be registered onto one Now TV account. In the UK and Republic of Ireland two", "id": "18995869" }, { "contents": "Pixie Lott\n\n\nCruikshank. Lott's debut album, \"Turn It Up\", was released in September 2009. It reached number six on the UK Albums Chart, spawned six consecutive top twenty singles, and sold over 1.5 million copies. Her second album, \"Young Foolish Happy\", was released on 14 November 2011. The lead single, \"All About Tonight\", debuted at the top of the UK Singles Chart, becoming her third UK number-one hit. The album also produced the top ten singles \"What Do", "id": "4657960" }, { "contents": "What Do I Know?\n\n\n\"What Do I Know?\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was included on his third studio album \"÷\" (2017). After the album's release it charted at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Sheeran performed the song live with the cast of \"People Just Do Nothing\" on the telethon for Comic Relief 2017. The song is the tenth track on Ed Sheeran's third studio album \"÷\", which was released in March 2017, three years on from", "id": "8873849" }, { "contents": "List of UK top-ten singles in 1991\n\n\nLive and Let Die\" made the top 5, and \"Don't Cry\" reached number 8. Kylie Minogue had a similar level of success, with \"If You Were with Me Now\" reaching number 4 in November, and \"Shocked\" and \"What Do I Have to Do\" charting at number 6. Roger Taylor was involved on the same two Queen tracks as May, as well as the number-one charity single \"The Stonk\", all topping the chart. Cher was one of a number", "id": "12012058" }, { "contents": "Premium-rate telephone number\n\n\naccessing a premium rate service. The DIAL Q service ended operations in early 2013. Premium rate numbers start with the prefix 060 followed by 7 or 8 digits. Some consumers do not know that numbers starting with 060 are premium rate numbers because 060 is mistaken for one of long-distance area codes in Korea (there are 062, 061 and 063). They call back when they find that they miss a call to their mobile phones from a 060 number ending up paying for just making a call. 1588-##", "id": "14490868" }, { "contents": "List of UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart number ones of 1995\n\n\nthe year at number one. The final number-one single of the year was \"When Love & Hate Collide\" by Def Leppard, which spent the last two weeks of the year atop the chart. The most successful songs on the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart in 1995 was Van Halen's \"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)\", which spent seven weeks at number one. The band also spent two weeks at number one with \"Can't Stop Lovin' You\". Def Leppard's", "id": "8933611" }, { "contents": "Orange UK\n\n\npackages to animals: Dolphin, Canary, Racoon and Panther. On some plans there are unlimited minutes (to landlines or Orange UK mobiles), texts or data. In addition to this Orange offers dedicated business plans- Solo and Sense (a sharer plan). Orange also offers 'magic numbers'- unlimited free calls to other Orange UK mobiles on contract or \"talk for an hour, pay for a minute\" on PAYG (you will have to add it as your \"magic number\"). Later in April 2008 Orange", "id": "18613232" }, { "contents": "National conventions for writing telephone numbers\n\n\n-XXXX\" or \"+82-0XX-XXXX-XXXX\"). For mobile numbers, \"01X-XXX-XXXX\" is commonly used. With the third generations of the mobile phone, most of the mobile numbers start with 010 but there still are a number of people who continue to use the second generation, with the numbers starting with 011, 016, 017, so on. As with the landline home numbers, the mobile numbers' middle three-digit part is extended to four digits (e.g.", "id": "9509712" }, { "contents": "QUIC\n\n\nand the protocol stack is unaware of higher-layer boundaries within this stream. These can be negotiated by the layers running on top, but QUIC aims to do all of this in a single handshake process. Another goal of the QUIC system was to improve performance during network-switch events, like what happens when a user of a mobile device moves from a local WiFi hotspot to a mobile network. When this occurs on TCP, a lengthy process starts where every existing connection times out one-by-one and is", "id": "8536066" }, { "contents": "What Do You Mean?\n\n\ntop spot by Sam Smith's \"Writing's on the Wall\", but a week later, it returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. This means that it has spent five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. Bieber became only the fourth person to have the same single reach number one on the UK Singles Chart on three separate occasions. The other songs to top the chart three separate times are Frankie Laine's \"I Believe\", Guy Mitchell's \"Singing the", "id": "10685660" }, { "contents": "Introducing Joss Stone\n\n\nIt\" was released on 5 March 2007 as the lead single from \"Introducing Joss Stone\". The song peaked at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart, and became Stone's first solo single to chart on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, reaching number 83. The album's second single, \"Tell Me What We're Gonna Do Now\", features rapper Common and was released on 23 July 2007, peaking at number 84 on the UK Singles Chart. Despite not being released as a single,", "id": "20258428" }, { "contents": "Lisa Stansfield\n\n\nand reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single was certified Platinum in the US for selling over one million copies and Gold in many other countries, including the UK, Germany, Australia, Sweden and Austria. In the UK, other singles from the album reached numbers ten (\"Live Together\"), thirteen (\"This Is the Right Time\") and twenty-five (\"What Did I Do to You?\") on the chart. In the US, \"You Ca", "id": "2504936" }, { "contents": "Three UK\n\n\nHutchison 3G UK Limited, doing business as Three UK, is a British telecommunications and internet service provider operating as a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings, operating under the global Three brand. The company launched in March 2003 as the United Kingdom's first commercial video mobile network. It provides 3G and 4G services through its own network infrastructure. The Three mobile service was launched in the UK on 3 March 2003 (03-03-03, for publicity purposes), with handsets going on sale (such as", "id": "325028" }, { "contents": "List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom\n\n\nrefers to, e.g. Brampton, numbers using the (0169 77) xxxx format. In the following areas, the area code must be included when dialling local numbers. This enables local numbers to start with 0 or 1, and was introduced to increase the number of available telephone numbers within these areas. Unlike the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man which use the UK area codes 01534, 01481 and 01624 respectively, telephone numbers in British Overseas Territories do not come under the UK telephone numbering plan.", "id": "17149474" }, { "contents": "CableHell\n\n\nother online publications. Started in April 2002, CableHell was one of the UK's larger ex-ntl: focused customer support forums in the UK. There were numerous forums available for members, for each different type of service which Virgin Media provides; such as Digital TV, Telephone, Internet and Mobile. There were also alternative forums for other topics and providers, as well as a number of support and FAQ guides available. The forum was previously known as Ntl:hell however with the re-branding of /Telewest,", "id": "16858916" }, { "contents": "Porting Authorisation Code\n\n\nPorting Authorization Code (PAC) is a unique identifier (normally 9 characters long and in the format \"ABC123456\") used by some mobile network operators to facilitate mobile number portability (MNP). This allows users to retain their mobile telephone number when switching operators. Telecommunications service is regulated in the UK by Ofcom. On 25 July 2003, Ofcom introduced the \"General Conditions of Entitlement\" which apply to all communications networks and service providers in the UK. Several amendments to this original document have been issued since this time", "id": "22193197" }, { "contents": "Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\n\n\n, work or mobile phone as they choose. They are controversial as they are charged at premium rates and can be confused for mobile numbers, and therefore the cost of calls to them may not be apparent to callers until they receive their bills. From 1 October 2019, Ofcom will cap the termination rate for these calls at the same rate as for calls to UK mobile numbers thereby allowing phone providers to include these calls within monthly allowances or otherwise charge them at the same rate as a call to a mobile number. A", "id": "21359519" }, { "contents": "Here It Goes Again\n\n\nit was removed from their channel. In addition, the single peaked at number 36 on the UK Singles Chart on October 1, 2006, hence marking their second UK Top 40 single and their third UK Top 75 single. Its B-side, \"The Lovecats\", a cover of The Cure's single, was previously released on the band's \"Do What You Want EP\" and the single \"A Million Ways\". An alternate version was nicknamed \"UK Surf\". Written by Damian Kulash Jr.,", "id": "14212687" }, { "contents": "Pixie Lott\n\n\nTonight\" was released on 2 September 2011 as the album's lead single. Lott premiered the song on BBC Radio 1's \"The Chris Moyles Show\" on 11 July 2011. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 88,893 copies (the highest of Lott's career), giving Lott her third UK number one. It also reached number nine on the Irish Singles Chart, her second top ten hit in that country. The second single \"What Do You Take Me For", "id": "4657975" }, { "contents": "Stop Funding Hate\n\n\nwith the social justice charity Citizens UK. The campaign targeted mobile network operators including Sky Mobile, Virgin Mobile UK, BT Mobile, EE Limited, O2 and Tesco Mobile using the slogan \"Start Spreading Love\". In September 2016 Specsavers withdrew an advert from the \"Daily Express\" after hundreds, including Stop Funding Hate, complained that it was funding \"fear and division\". Gary Lineker showed support for the campaign, saying that he had spoken to Walkers about their advertisements in \"The Sun\". Following calls from", "id": "20721995" }, { "contents": "The Caution Horses\n\n\ncalled simplistic, or narcoleptic, or uncatergorizable. Margo states \"It's not country, it's not blues, it's not rock, we just do what we do.\" The album peaked at number 47 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 and number 33 on the UK Charts. The band decided to record in a live setting as they had on \"The Trinity Session\". This time they chose the Sharon Temple, a National Historic Site north of Toronto, as their studio. The recording proved challenging,", "id": "47234" }, { "contents": "Bryan Adams\n\n\nin the motion picture \"\" and spent a record sixteen consecutive weeks at Number One on the UK Singles Chart, as well as ten weeks on top of the Australian singles chart and seven weeks at the \"Billboard\" singles chart's summit. That was followed by \"Can't Stop This Thing We Started\" which peaked at number 2 in the US, \"Do I Have to Say the Words?\" reached number 11, and in the UK, \"Thought I'd Died and Gone to Heaven\" was the", "id": "18124198" }, { "contents": "T-Mobile UK\n\n\ngave the user an amount of money to use for calls, texts, MMS and mobile internet as necessary. This was withdrawn in early 2010. There is no warning when pay-monthly customers exceed their monthly inclusive limit, leading to unexpectedly large bills. T-Mobile launched their 3G UMTS services in the Autumn of 2003. On 12 December 2007, it was confirmed that a merger of the high-speed 3G and HSDPA networks operated by T-Mobile UK and 3 was to take place starting January 2008", "id": "855379" }, { "contents": "118 118 (UK)\n\n\n1 March 2016 and on 1 May 2017. The access charge is set by the caller's landline or mobile provider. It is set at the same rate as for calls to 084, 087 and 09 numbers. Including VAT, it varies between 2p and 13p per minute from landlines or between 5p and 55p per minute from mobiles. The service charge is £2.50 per call plus 75p per minute including VAT. In December 2008, The Number UK Ltd, purchased Texperts, which had operated in the UK since 2003.", "id": "13950222" }, { "contents": "Tommy Zoom\n\n\nTommy Zoom is a children's animated television series, shown regularly on CBeebies in the UK. It started out as a feature on the CBeebies website, but proved so popular it was made into the television show. Each episode begins and ends with a live action sequence, narrated by Daniel (Tommy's dog), in which Tommy is faced with a dilemma. Daniel will pose the question \"What should Tommy do? What would Tommy Zoom do?\" The show then switches to animation to show Tommy Zoom foiling a", "id": "7817980" }, { "contents": "I Know What I Like (In Your Wardrobe)\n\n\n\"I Know What I Like (In Your Wardrobe)\" was the first charting single by the rock band Genesis. It was drawn from their 1973 album \"Selling England by the Pound\". The single was released in the UK in February 1974, and became a minor hit in April 1974, when it reached number 21 in the UK Singles Chart. The song's lyrics concern a young man who is employed as a groundsman and who says that he does not want to grow up and do great things, being", "id": "7522009" }, { "contents": "John Burgess (record producer)\n\n\n. In 1959, as Newell was unavailable for the recording session, Burgess was given responsibility for producing then-unknown Adam Faith's fourth single, \"What Do You Want?\". Arranged by John Barry, it rose to number one on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks in December 1959. The record company wished to stick to a successful formula, and so Burgess was retained as producer for Faith's follow-up record, \"Poor Me\", also a number one UK hit, and then for subsequent", "id": "11768870" }, { "contents": "Poor Me\n\n\n\"Poor Me\" is a single released by English singer Adam Faith. On 10 March 1960, it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart, staying there for two weeks. \"Poor Me\" was released when the previous single, \"What Do You Want?\", was still at number two in the UK Singles Chart. The song was originally rejected by several music publishers in its original incarnation as \"Poor Man\". It was felt by some that Faith and Barry contrived a backing and singing style that", "id": "1237656" }, { "contents": "Marie Adams\n\n\nUS, it was released in the UK and rose to number 2 on the UK Singles Chart in early 1958. To follow up its success, Adams and Otis recorded a duet, \"Bye Bye Baby\", which reached number 20 in Britain. However, other recordings by Adams with Otis, including their version of \"What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?\" (covered in Britain by Emile Ford and the Checkmates) were less commercially successful, and in early 1960 Adams and the Three Tons", "id": "18615932" }, { "contents": "Young Foolish Happy\n\n\nreviewers found the album solid, others viewed it as formulaic and short of originality, and felt it lacks the \"charm\" of Lott's debut album, \"Turn It Up\" (2009). The album debuted at number 18 on the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 18,503 copies, failing to match the commercial success of its predecessor. It spawned the UK number-one single \"All About Tonight\" and the top-10 singles \"What Do You Take Me For?\" and \"Kiss the Stars", "id": "19235081" }, { "contents": "Cuba (song)\n\n\n\"Cuba\" is a 1978 song by the Gibson Brothers taken from their album \"Cuba\". It was the group's first charting single reaching number 41 in the UK upon its original release however following the success of their following top 10 hit songs \"Ooh, What a Life\" and \"Que Sera Mi Vida (If You Should Go)\"; it was re-released in 1980 where it reached number 12 in the UK with \"Better Do It Salsa\", however, its chart performance did not improve", "id": "20666278" }, { "contents": "Contactless payment\n\n\nto store encrypted personal information. Contactless payments with enabled mobile phones still occur on a small scale, but every month an increasing number of mobile phones are certified. In February 2014, MasterCard announced that it would partner with Weve, which is a joint venture between EE, Telefónica UK, and Vodafone UK, to focus on mobile payments. The partnership will promote the development of \"contactless mobile payment systems\" by creating a universal platform in Europe for it. In September 2014, Transport for London's Tube began accepting", "id": "5070698" }, { "contents": "You're Not Alone (Of Mice & Men song)\n\n\nnumber seven in the UK rock charts and number 44 in the US rock charts. This song premiered the band's new album, \"Restoring Force\" which was released on January 28, 2014 via Rise Records. The band's front runner Austin Carlile unveils his reasoning for the name when saying, \"What happens after a disaster? What happens after \"The Flood\"? You return to normal. You find balance again. That's what we felt like were doing with this album. We wanted this record to bring", "id": "19596120" }, { "contents": "Robert Johnson's Tombstone\n\n\n& Metal Albums Chart. \"The Devil Made Me Do It\" was released as the only single from the album on 4 December 2006, reaching number 40 on the UK Singles Chart and number 2 on the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart. The album was promoted on a concert tour between November 2006 and September 2007, featuring shows in the UK, Europe and Japan. Thunder started the \"first stage of recording\" for their eighth studio album on 29 November 2005, shortly before embarking on the second European leg of", "id": "18211468" }, { "contents": "What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\n\n\nwhere his guitar was supposed to go on certain songs and I'd say, 'Well, nowhere, it doesn't really have a place'.\" Released in March 1999, \"Rust\" was the first single to come from \"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\". The single peaked at number twenty-two on the UK Singles Chart, and \"NME\" magazine named it their Single of the Week. The album was released the following month on 16 April and, having failed to", "id": "10644811" }, { "contents": "The Interns (band)\n\n\nreleased two more records, \"Ray of Sunshine\" and \"Is It Really (What You Want Me to Do)\" on Parlophone in the UK and on Capitol Records in the US. Both were recorded at Rockfield Studios, on the outskirts of Monmouth. \"Is it Really (What You Want Me to Do)\" is considered particularly collectable as it also features Dale Griffin on drums. Remaining in London, Mark Goodwin took up a number of club residencies before joining the Lonnie Donegan Skiffle Group. Goodwin stayed with", "id": "12120505" }, { "contents": "Sandy Posey\n\n\nwas re-released in Britain in 1975 and reached the top 50 for a second time. In November 1966, \"What a Woman in Love Won't Do\" hit No. 31 on the Hot 100, while in the UK singles chart it peaked at No. 48. Posey’s final pop top 20 hit was \"I Take It Back\", another US number 12 in July 1967, although she made other recordings for MGM Records until 1968, including \"What a Woman in Love Won't Do\" that", "id": "22062138" }, { "contents": "College transfer\n\n\nmay involve re-entry from the workforce as students stop and start along their degree pathway. Student mobility spans institutions and regions, differing policies and practices often extending college degree completion by an average of one semester according to the GAO in a report to Congress in October 2005. Student mobility is not just in the United States. By mid-2010, 2.2 million students will have experienced what it means to do an ERASMUS term in one of more than 4 000 higher education institutions in 33 participating countries. These include all the EU", "id": "10277647" }, { "contents": "UK Calling\n\n\n, who worked alongside major landline and mobile companies including Three UK, Vodafone and Virgin Media. Before the UK Calling system was introduced, callers would often be given unclear information about the costs of calls made to service numbers. Advertisements of service numbers were often accompanied by messages such as: \"“Calls cost 20p per minute from a BT landline. Other landlines may vary and calls from mobiles may cost considerably more.”\" These messages were seen as confusing by many, with the cost hard to decipher unless the call", "id": "11397483" }, { "contents": "Rasony District\n\n\nthe interpreter. A German. But people say: 'You're doing wrong ... mister interpreter.' 'Why,' he says, 'am I doing wrong?' 'My husband was called up in the first mobilization... What are you punishing us so for?...' Then the interpreter started to look how people were lying - who was alive. It was already rather late. And those polizeis... They sure had their fun with us!... First of all they took Lida Bychowcowa and dragged her along", "id": "5440345" }, { "contents": "Show Me Love (Robyn song)\n\n\n, peaking at number 14, lower than \"Do You Know (What It Takes)\" and \"Do You Really Want Me (Show Respect)\", which both went top 10. In the US, the single peaked at number seven, her second consecutive top 10 hit. In the UK, \"Show Me Love\" became Robyn's first of two top 20 hits from \"Robyn Is Here\" and her first top 10 hit, peaking at number eight. In December 1997 the single received a Gold certification", "id": "4749361" }, { "contents": "Orange UK\n\n\nwas rebranded as EE Broadband on 30 October 2012. In February 2015, Orange UK's parent company EE announced that Orange (along with T-Mobile) tariffs were withdrawn for new customers. Existing customers wishing to upgrade had to choose an EE price plan. Starting in July 2015, Orange pay-as-you-go customers also had the ability to dial premium rate and directory enquiries numbers withdrawn. Those who need to call such services being advised to transfer to an EE plan. Remaining Orange customers were informed in", "id": "18613225" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations\n\n\npermits British National (Overseas) of ages 18 to 30 to participate Tier 5 (Youth Mobility Scheme) without sponsor nor limit on the number of places. Starting from 1 January 2014, both the UK and Hong Kong have offered \"Working Holiday Programs\" for a maximum stay of 24 months. The programme allows 1000 young students with Certificate of Sponsorship to holiday in Hong Kong or the UK and to take temporary employment as needed to cover the expenses of their visit. The programme aims to increase travel by young British citizens", "id": "3360617" }, { "contents": "Mind of Mine\n\n\n\", \"NPR\", and \"Rolling Stone\". It debuted at number 85 on the UK Singles Chart and number 16 on the UK R&B Chart. Its accompanying music video was released on 25 March 2016. The video was shot in Manchester's Miles Platting district, and dramatises what Malik's working class teenage life was like in Northern England, including scenes at a boxing club (Malik used to do boxing before his music career), restaurant/pool hall, barber shop, parking lot, and fish and", "id": "18863938" }, { "contents": "Tell Me What We're Gonna Do Now\n\n\n\" had a lacklustre performance in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number eighty-four on the UK Singles Chart the week of 4 August 2007 and spent only one week on the tally, becoming Stone's first solo single to miss the UK top seventy-five. It charted mildly in other countries such as Canada, Germany, Romania and Switzerland. Nevertheless, the single did manage to achieve success in Turkey and the Netherlands, where it peaked at numbers four and twenty-three, respectively. It was also", "id": "21056052" } ]

[ { "contents": "Sport in Scotland\n\n\nwith Innes Ireland, the Dumfries man winning Lotus’ first Grand Prix, at Watkins Glen in 1961. However, perhaps the best known Scottish drivers are Jim Clark, who won 2 World Championships before his untimely death, Jackie Stewart who managed to gain 3 World Championships and David Coulthard who raced from 1994 to 2008 with McLaren F1, Williams F1 and Red Bull F1. Coulthard has been Scotland's most successful driver in recent memory finishing runner up in the World Drivers Championships in 2001. Other recent successes include Bathgate's Paul", "id": "14871516" }, { "contents": "Jim Clark\n\n\npoorly at the opening South African Grand Prix, so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following Monaco Grand Prix, retiring with suspension failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with Ford-Cosworth. Their first car, the Lotus 49 featuring the most successful F1 engine in history, the Ford-Cosworth DFV, won its first race at the Dutch Grand Prix, driven by Clark. He won with it again at the British, United States and Mexican Grands Prix; and, in January 1968, at the South", "id": "13586163" }, { "contents": "Intercity Istanbul Park\n\n\nwinning three of the seven Grands Prix held at Istanbul Park. The winner of the inaugural Turkish Grand Prix was Kimi Räikkönen (McLaren-Mercedes), Fernando Alonso (Renault F1) came in second, followed by Juan Pablo Montoya (McLaren-Mercedes). The fastest race lap was achieved by Juan Pablo Montoya in 1'24.770, a time which is yet to be surpassed. The 2006 Turkish Grand Prix was won by Felipe Massa (Ferrari), who led from start to finish, Fernando Alonso (Renault F1) came", "id": "15505005" }, { "contents": "Swiss Grand Prix\n\n\nbanned; this forced the organizers to cancel the Grand Prix that year. Bremgarten was ultimately abandoned and was never used again for motor racing. The Swiss Grand Prix returned in 1975 as a non-Championship Grand Prix just across the border, at the Dijon-Prenois circuit, France. Swiss Clay Regazzoni won the race. The Swiss Grand Prix only ran once more, when it returned to the Formula One (F1) World Championship in . The 1982 race, also held at Dijon, was the first F1 win by", "id": "1489412" }, { "contents": "United Kingdom\n\n\nGrand National, the Epsom Derby, Royal Ascot and the Cheltenham National Hunt Festival (including the Cheltenham Gold Cup). The UK has proved successful in the international sporting arena in rowing. The UK is closely associated with motorsport. Many teams and drivers in Formula One (F1) are based in the UK, and the country has won more drivers' and constructors' titles than any other. The UK hosted the first F1 Grand Prix in 1950 at Silverstone, the current location of the British Grand Prix held each year", "id": "13052508" }, { "contents": "Formula One drivers from Canada\n\n\nfinish in Formula One. Only one Canadian has won the \"F1\" Canadian Grand Prix, Gilles Villeneuve, at the 1978 Canadian Grand Prix. His son Jacques Villeneuve almost accomplished the feat at the 1997 Canadian Grand Prix, where he may have won, except for Michael Schumacher snatching pole position away from him and Jacques, in an effort to catch Michael, crashing into the Wall Of Champions. Lance Stroll would score his first World Championship points at the 2017 Canadian Grand Prix, the 50th anniversary grand prix. He is", "id": "8068656" }, { "contents": "1977 United States Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 2, 1977, at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. It was the fifteenth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The event was also referred to as the United States Grand Prix East in order to distinguish it from the United States Grand Prix West held on April 3, 1977, in Long Beach, California. The 59-lap race was won from", "id": "6295178" }, { "contents": "1987 Japanese Grand Prix\n\n\ncontention by a qualifying crash, the other three cars of Piquet, Senna and Nakajima could only qualify in 5th, 7th and 11th places respectively, with the best finish for Honda being Senna's 2nd place. The race was won by Austrian driver Gerhard Berger driving a Ferrari F1/87. It was the end of a 38-race losing streak for Formula One's most famous team and Berger's second Grand Prix victory having won the Mexican Grand Prix the previous year. Berger won by 17 seconds over Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna driving a Lotus", "id": "8922030" }, { "contents": "Pau Grand Prix\n\n\nto standard by the personal intervention of the Mayor André Labarrère (who had been in office since 1971). François Cevert won that year. Drivers such as Jacques Laffite, Patrick Depailler and René Arnoux won in Pau, and many F1 drivers at the time continued to race in Formula Two. In 1980, the 40th Grand Prix de Pau was won by the French driver Richard Dallest. In 1985, Formula 3000 replaced Formula Two as the \"second-division\" formula below Formula One and the Grand Prix de Pau continued", "id": "17398218" }, { "contents": "Ferrari F1/87\n\n\nMarino Grand Prix. However, reliability issues were a major concern. From the Hungarian Grand Prix onwards, Ferrari looked to have a car that was as quick as any of their rivals. Berger challenged Mansell for the lead at the Hungarian Grand Prix before being forced to retire. The Austrian also nearly won the Portuguese Grand Prix before spinning and handing McLaren's Alain Prost his record 28th Grand Prix win (where Berger admitted it was a result of worrying too much about Prost who consequently stated that he believed that Alboreto would not", "id": "17741844" }, { "contents": "Sky Sports\n\n\nin its first two years of broadcasting, the coverage has twice won F1 International Broadcaster of the Year from the FIA (in 2012 & 2013). Sky Sports F1 currently broadcast the entire 2019 season in 4K Ultra-HD, on the Sky Q Silver Ultra-HD package. Presentation team at Grands Prix: Sky Sports' additional F1 programming includes: Golf is one of the most broadcast sports across the Sky Sports channels, with at least one tournament shown live in 50 weeks of the year. Sky Sports’", "id": "9373358" }, { "contents": "Renault in Formula One\n\n\nrebranded as Renault F1 and contested the season with drivers Jarno Trulli and Jenson Button who scored 23 points during the season. Despite outscoring his teammate during 2002, Button was dropped by Renault in . His replacement was Spain's Fernando Alonso, who had been considered impressive as a test driver the previous year. Alonso won the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix, the first time Renault had won a Grand Prix since the 1983 Austrian Grand Prix. Renault was innovative during this period producing non-standard designs such as the 111° 10-cylinder engine", "id": "10410423" }, { "contents": "1976 Austrian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1976 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Österreichring on 15 August 1976. It was the eleventh race of the 1976 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1976 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 54-lap race was won by John Watson, driving a Penske-Ford. As well as being Watson's first F1 victory, it was also the only F1 victory for the Penske team, coming a year after the death of their former driver Mark Donohue at the same circuit. This is the last", "id": "8921135" }, { "contents": "Kimi Räikkönen\n\n\n2018 Italian Grand Prix, setting the fastest lap ever recorded in Formula One history. On 21 October 2018, he won the 2018 United States Grand Prix becoming, at 39, F1's oldest race winner since Nigel Mansell in 1994, and the 13th oldest F1 race winner ever. It was his first win since the 2013 Australian Grand Prix 2,044 days earlier, his first win for Ferrari since he returned to the team back in 2014, his first win for Ferrari since the 2009 Belgian Grand Prix 3,339 days and 140 races", "id": "8734834" }, { "contents": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering\n\n\nteammate, Villeneuve, took third place. Hill and Villeneuve dominated the next Grand Prix in Canada, with a 1–2 in qualifying and a 1–2 finish. Williams made it a second 1–2 after Hill won the French Grand Prix. Villeneuve won his second race in F1 at Silverstone after Hill retired with a wheel bearing failure on lap 26. Hill was victorious in the next Grand Prix in Germany while Villeneuve won the race after that in Hungary. Schumacher's Ferrari would then take the next two Grands Prix at Spa-Francorchamps and", "id": "15232924" }, { "contents": "1995 Australian Grand Prix\n\n\nDamon Hill. Hill won by two clear laps from the Ligier-Mugen-Honda of Olivier Panis, with Gianni Morbidelli achieving his best-ever F1 result with third in a Footwork-Hart. Of the 23 drivers who started, only eight finished, the lowest number in the 1995 season. The race had an attendance of 210,000 – an F1 record until 2000, when 250,000 people attended that year's United States Grand Prix at Indianapolis. Heading into the final round of the 1995 Formula One season, both the Drivers", "id": "8972414" }, { "contents": "2005 Canadian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 2005 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 12 June 2005 at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The 70-lap race was the eighth round of the 2005 Formula One season, the 43rd running of the Canadian Grand Prix, and the 37th running as a round of the World Championship. It set a ratings record and was the most watched F1 race in history. It was also the first of two consecutive North American rounds. The race was won by McLaren driver Kimi Räikkönen,", "id": "1105458" }, { "contents": "Spanish Grand Prix\n\n\nthe Spanish government refurbished the Montjuïc street circuit in Barcelona with safety upgrades. A non-championship Grand Prix took place at Jarama in 1967, which was won by Jim Clark racing in a Lotus F1 car. In 1968, Jarama hosted the Spanish Grand Prix, near the beginning of the F1 season. It was agreed, following this event, that the race would alternate between the tight, slow and twisty Jarama and the fast, wide and sweeping Montjuïc, and the Montjuïc circuit hosted its first Formula One race in 1969", "id": "3095024" }, { "contents": "1976 French Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1976 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit Paul Ricard in Le Castellet, near Marseille in France, on 4 July 1976. It was the eighth race of the 1976 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1976 International Cup for F1 Constructors. It was the 54th French Grand Prix and the fourth to be held at Paul Ricard. The race was held over 54 laps of the circuit for a race distance of . The race was won by eventual 1976 world champion James Hunt driving a McLaren", "id": "8921108" }, { "contents": "1977 German Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Hockenheimring on 31 July 1977. It was the eleventh race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The German Grand Prix was moved to Hockenheim following Niki Lauda's near-fatal accident at the dangerous Nürburgring in 1976. This was the second time the race was held at Hockenheim, the first being in 1970. The 47-lap race was won by Lauda, driving a Ferrari. Jody Scheckter finished second in a", "id": "8921199" }, { "contents": "Onyx Grand Prix\n\n\nof F1's most powerful men, F1 commercial rights holder and F1 management CEO Bernie Ecclestone and then-FIA president Jean-Marie Balestre. He denied apparent allegations that he had referred to Balestre as a Nazi (Balestre apparently was part of the pro-Nazi Vichy French military during World War II) and Ecclestone as a Mafia boss. Ecclestone then banned Van Rossem from attending any further Grands Prix. At the Italian Grand Prix Gachot qualified for what would be his final race for the team while Johansson failed to make the", "id": "6295610" }, { "contents": "Jos Verstappen\n\n\nJohannes Franciscus \"Jos\" Verstappen (born 4 March 1972) is a Dutch former racing driver. After his F1 career Jos Verstappen has won races in A1 Grand Prix and Le Mans Series LMP2 races (winning the 24 hours of Le Mans LMP2 class in 2008). Prior to his F1 debut in 1994, he was also the German Formula Three champion and Masters of Formula Three winner in 1993. Jos was the most successful Dutch F1 racing driver before he retired and started mentoring his son Max in Formula 1. Verstappen", "id": "12873818" }, { "contents": "German Grand Prix\n\n\n, the German Grand Prix only became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1951. It was designated the European Grand Prix four times between 1954 and 1974, when this title was an honorary designation given each year to one Grand Prix race in Europe. It has been organised by the Automobilclub von Deutschland (AvD) since 1926. The German Grand Prix was held at Hockenheimring every year between 1977 and 2006 (except 1985). During this time, a separate F1 race was held in Germany at the Nürburgring most years", "id": "1623536" }, { "contents": "2012 Chinese Grand Prix\n\n\nrace. This race was also HRT's thirty-ninth race start, setting the record for most Grand Prix starts without scoring a single point. This was the first race since the 2009 Italian Grand Prix that was not won by Red Bull, McLaren or Ferrari. After extended debate over the legality of the Mercedes F1 W03's \"front wing F-duct\" design in Australia and Malaysia, that ended with the FIA declaring the design to be legal, Red Bull Racing team principal Christian Horner stated that his team was", "id": "17413399" }, { "contents": "1989 Japanese Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1989 Japanese Grand Prix (formally the XV Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Suzuka Circuit, Japan, on 22 October 1989. It was the 15th and penultimate round of the 1989 Formula One season. The 53-lap race was won by Alessandro Nannini for the Benetton team, from a sixth position start. Riccardo Patrese finished second for the Williams team, with Thierry Boutsen third in the other Williams car. This race would become one of the most notorious in F1 history, as the", "id": "8922376" }, { "contents": "Formula One drivers from Germany\n\n\nthat spanned eleven F1 seasons starting in 1997. All six wins came in the middle of his F1 career as a driver for Williams. Heinz-Harald Frentzen won three Grands Prix over ten seasons, twice finishing in third place in the drivers' championship. Nick Heidfeld has the most podium finishes without a win (13) and holds the record for the most consecutive race classifications with a tally of 41. Timo Glock was the third driver for Jordan in 2004 and was called up for racing duty when Giorgio Pantano was unable", "id": "21845244" }, { "contents": "Leslie Brooke\n\n\n, initially with his \"special\", but subsequently purchased an ERA B-type. With this car he won the Grand Prix des Frontières in 1946 and hillclimb events. In 1947, he finished second in the Swedish Winter Grand Prix in February, but retired from the Vallentuna F1 race held later the same month and from the Jersey F1 race held at Saint Helier. Brooke then purchased an ERA E-type which he used to compete in the Reims Grand Prix retiring after five laps after which he shared Fred Ashmore's", "id": "592206" }, { "contents": "1978 Monaco Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1978 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 7 May 1978 at Monaco. It was the fifth race of the 1978 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1978 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 75-lap race was won by Frenchman Patrick Depailler, driving a Tyrrell-Ford. It was Depailler's first Formula One victory in his 69th Grand Prix. Niki Lauda finished second in a Brabham-Alfa Romeo, with Jody Scheckter third in a Wolf-Ford. Carlos Reutemann started on pole with the Brabham", "id": "8921229" }, { "contents": "1978 Belgian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1978 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 21 May 1978 at Zolder. It was the sixth race of the 1978 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1978 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 70-lap race was won from pole position by Mario Andretti, driving the new Lotus 79. Teammate Ronnie Peterson was second in the older Lotus 78, with Carlos Reutemann third in a Ferrari. The main news before the Belgian Grand Prix was that the new Lotus 79 was now ready to race, and immediately", "id": "8921250" }, { "contents": "1979 British Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1979 British Grand Prix (formally the XXXII Marlboro British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 14 July 1979. It was the ninth race of the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 68-lap race was won by Clay Regazzoni, driving a Williams-Ford. It was the first Formula One victory for the Williams team. René Arnoux finished second in a Renault, with Jean-Pierre Jarier third in a Tyrrell-Ford. Qualifying saw Alan", "id": "8921304" }, { "contents": "1993 Australian Grand Prix\n\n\nin his Williams-Renault, with teammate Damon Hill third. This was the last race for cars with active suspension, which was to be banned from 1994 along with other driver aids. Riccardo Patrese and Derek Warwick also retired from F1 after this race, Patrese having competed in a then-record 256 Grands Prix. It was also to be Senna's final F1 victory, the last for a Brazilian driver until 2000 when Rubens Barrichello won the German Grand Prix that year, and would also prove to be the final victory", "id": "8971968" }, { "contents": "Formula One Group\n\n\nCanal+), Italy (by TELE+) and United Kingdom (by BSkyB). FOM and F1 Digital+ produced the world feeds of the Brazilian Grand Prix's from 1997 to 1999 and the 2002 United States Grand Prix. F1 Digital+ was axed in December 2002 and most of the design featured by FOM in the world feed from 2004. FOM produced the world feed for four races in 2004: the Australian, Bahrain, Malaysian and Chinese Grand Prix's. In 2005, they added the Canadian, United States and Turkish Grand", "id": "7262614" }, { "contents": "2008 Canadian Grand Prix\n\n\nfor BMW Sauber marked the first time a German constructor had won a Formula One Grand Prix since the 1962 French Grand Prix, as well as the first and only win for BMW engines since the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix which Juan Pablo Montoya won for Williams. The top three finishers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Kubica was delighted with his first race victory, saying, \"I'm very happy at having won the first race for the BMW Sauber F1 Team. I'm also happy for Poland and", "id": "8832345" }, { "contents": "Sport in Scotland\n\n\ndi Resta who drove for Force India between 2010 and 2013 and Oban's Susie Wolff who in 2014 became the first woman to take part in a Formula One race weekend in 22 years, at the British Grand Prix, at Silverstone. No round of F1 has however been held in Scotland making the country one of the most successful countries without hosting a race, however a 50 lap 100-mile (160 km) motor race run to Formula One regulations called the Scottish Grand Prix was held in 1951 and there has been public discussion", "id": "14871517" }, { "contents": "List of Formula One Grand Prix winners\n\n\nFormula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The \"formula\" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The F1 world championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets. The most famous Grand Prix is the Monaco Grand", "id": "22033372" }, { "contents": "1977 United States Grand Prix West\n\n\nThe 1977 United States Grand Prix West (officially the Long Beach Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on April 3, 1977 in Long Beach, California. It was the fourth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 80-lap race was won by Mario Andretti, driving a Lotus-Ford. Andretti held off Niki Lauda in the Ferrari to become the first American to win a Formula One race on home soil, while also giving the ground-effect", "id": "6294759" }, { "contents": "1978 British Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1978 British Grand Prix (formally the XXXI John Player British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 16 July 1978. It was the tenth race of the 1978 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1978 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 76-lap race was won by Argentinian driver Carlos Reutemann, driving a Ferrari. After starting from eighth position, Reutemann worked his way up the field and took the lead on lap 60, eventually winning by 1.2 seconds from Austrian driver Niki Lauda in the", "id": "8921263" }, { "contents": "Rubens Barrichello\n\n\nat the end of made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid, and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history. He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts, doing so in 2010. During his six years with Ferrari, Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors' titles, as Schumacher won five drivers' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004. At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda. In 2009", "id": "14844185" }, { "contents": "Sport in Russia\n\n\nchampion. Today, 25 of the world's top 100 chess players are Russian. Vitaly Petrov became Russia's first Formula One driver in 2010. So far he has driven in F1 for three seasons with the Renault and Caterham F1 teams. He scored the best result of his career when he finished third at the 2011 Australian Grand Prix. Daniil Kvyat made his debut in F1 in 2014. He took his first podium finish with a second place at the 2015 Hungarian Grand Prix. A Russian Grand Prix joined the calendar for", "id": "1336580" }, { "contents": "Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid\n\n\nthe hybrid was marked to recognize the utilization of fully integrated hybrid power units. The car made its competitive debut at the 2015 Australian Grand Prix, the opening round of the 2015 season. After participating in 18 rounds of Grand Prix racing, the car made its final competition appearance at the season finale race – the 2015 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, before retirement. This was the last Mercedes car to feature sponsorship from BlackBerry. The F1 W06 Hybrid was the successor of the highly successful F1 W05 Hybrid, which has been described", "id": "434340" }, { "contents": "Grand Prix Ball\n\n\nThe Grand Prix Ball (GP Ball) at London's Hurlingham Club is an annual charity gala held prior to the British Grand Prix at Silverstone in support of The Prince's Trust In 2010 it was hosted by Eddie Jordan and James Allen and has so far raised over £150,000 for the CLIC Sargent. The event features a showcase of F1 cars through the ages. Previous balls have been held at Stowe House and Royal Albert Hall. The 2012 event had London's only live F1 demonstration from Lotus F1 Team's Jérôme d'Ambrosio", "id": "8278974" }, { "contents": "1987 Detroit Grand Prix\n\n\ntwo-point lead in the championship over Prost, but it would be a brief surge. Senna would not win again this year. It would also be the last win in the very long history of Team Lotus which began with their first win in the 1961 United States Grand Prix. The next occasion on which a car bearing the Lotus name would win a Grand Prix was the 2012 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, won by Kimi Räikkönen driving for the Lotus F1 team. Ayrton Senna repeated his 1986 win in Detroit and won", "id": "10240243" }, { "contents": "Brazilian Grand Prix\n\n\nsaw continued Mercedes domination, but it was Hamilton who won with Rosberg second. But the Mercedes victory that day was overshadowed by lots of drama: it was a rain soaked race, there were multiple accidents and an astonishing drive from the Dutch teenager Max Verstappen, son of former F1 driver Jos Verstappen, who drove his Red Bull from 16th to 3rd in 15 laps after his team botched its tire strategy. Five Brazilian drivers have won the Brazilian Grand Prix, with Emerson Fittipaldi, Nelson Piquet, Ayrton Senna and Felipe Massa", "id": "16718395" }, { "contents": "2014 Australian Grand Prix\n\n\nFormula One. It was the 79th race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix – which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928 – and the 19th time the event was held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit. The race also marked the thirtieth year that the Australian Grand Prix was run as a round of the Formula One World Championship. The race was won by German driver Nico Rosberg in a Mercedes F1 W05. It was Rosberg's fourth Grand Prix victory and completed a rare double in the Australian", "id": "12738604" }, { "contents": "Formula One drivers from Colombia\n\n\nout of the sport when Theodore ran out of money before the final race of the season. Juan Pablo Montoya is the most successful Colombian driver to race in F1. In a career spanning five and a half seasons he won 7 Grands Prix for Williams and McLaren, including the 2003 Monaco Grand Prix, finished on the podium 30 times and finished 3rd in the championship twice, in 2002 and 2003. Having won the Indianapolis 500 twice, he is one of two active drivers one race win away from completing the Triple Crown", "id": "15505230" }, { "contents": "1972 Formula One season\n\n\nPierre Beltoise won his only championship F1 race after producing a stirring drive in his BRM. There was some controversy when the F1 troupe arrived at the Nivelles circuit just outside Brussels. A lot of people were unhappy with the replacement of the Spa-Francorchamps circuit, which Formula One stopped racing at because of safety issues with the circuit. But the racing continued, and Fittipaldi won again in his John Player Lotus 72D. There was a 4-week break between Grand Prix's as the Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled due to safety issues with", "id": "11851299" }, { "contents": "Renault Formula One crash controversy\n\n\nthe Formula One triple-world champion Nelson Piquet – joined the Renault F1 team as the second car driver alongside Alonso for the 2008 season, having been their reserve and test driver during 2007. Since October 2006, Piquet Jr. was also personally contracted to Flavio Briatore's management company FFBB. Before the Singapore incident, Renault F1 had not won a race for almost two years (the last Grand Prix won was on 8 October 2006, the Japanese Grand Prix), and were said to be close to quitting the sport.", "id": "12178349" }, { "contents": "BMW M12\n\n\n. Reigning World Champion Nelson Piquet recorded the first win for the engine in F1 when he led home Brabham teammate Riccardo Patrese (in the Cosworth powered car) in the crash marred 1982 Canadian Grand Prix. In , Brazilian driver Piquet won his second Formula One World Championship driving a Brabham BT52 powered exclusively by the turbocharged BMW M12 engine, which in 1983 was producing approximately in qualifying trim and for the races. Piquet, who won the Brazilian, Italian and European Grands Prix in 1983, won the championship by just two points", "id": "13636883" }, { "contents": "List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)\n\n\nFormula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The \"formula\" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The F1 world championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets, the most famous of which is the Monaco Grand Prix", "id": "11555314" }, { "contents": "Sport in Venezuela\n\n\nthe 125cc class in the Swedish and Finnish Grands Prix in 1982 on his way to finishing third in the 125cc standings. More recently Pastor Maldonado has emerged as Venezuela's most successful F1 racer, scoring his first F1 pole position and win at the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix. Previously Maldonado had been successful in GP2, scoring ten wins in the series and winning the championship in 2010. Venezuelan racers have also competed in top-level motorsport in North America in recent years, including E. J. Viso and Milka Duno. Swimming is", "id": "4033263" }, { "contents": "Riccardo Patrese\n\n\nRiccardo Gabriele Patrese (born 17 April 1954) is an Italian former racing driver, who raced in Formula One from to . He became the first Formula One driver to achieve 200 Grand Prix starts when he appeared at the 1990 British Grand Prix, and the first to achieve 250 starts at the 1993 German Grand Prix. Patrese entered 257 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix and started 256 races making him the seventh most experienced F1 driver in history, after Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Jenson Button, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen", "id": "17886515" }, { "contents": "Sport in Catalonia\n\n\nChampionships. In 2010, the Catalonia men's team won the Copa America, and in 2011 the women's national team won also the competition. Motorsport has a long tradition in Catalonia involving many people, with some world champions and several competitions organized since the beginning of the 20th century. The Circuit de Catalunya, built in 1991, is one of the main motorsport venues, holding the Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix, the Spanish F1 Grand Prix, a DTM race, and several other races. Also of note is the Montjuïc", "id": "8827650" }, { "contents": "Ferrari F1/86\n\n\nlead one lap of the entire 1986 season at the Belgian Grand Prix when Johansson inherited the lead from Mansell, who had made an early pit stop for new tyres (Johansson finished 3rd in front of team leader Alboreto despite being told via the radio to stay behind the Italian). The F1/86 looked to be at its most competitive during the Italian Grand Prix where Alboreto was keeping pressure on the Williams' of Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet, before a spin exiting the Variante del Rettifilo chicane. Alboreto had already overtaken Keke Rosberg", "id": "10632445" }, { "contents": "German Grand Prix\n\n\nterritories, and West Germany was banned from international sporting events until 1951. A non-championship Formula 2 race was won by Alberto Ascari in 1950 at the Nürburgring. The German Grand Prix was included as part of the new Formula One championship in its second season. The Nordschleife was to be the mainstay of West Germany's premier motor racing event for the next quarter of a century, and was to be known as the toughest and most technically challenging circuit on the F1 calendar. The expanse of the circuit allowed an average", "id": "1623549" }, { "contents": "Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid\n\n\nduring in-season testings. The performance of the F1 W06 Hybrid was statistically the most dominant in any F1 season, earning a record number of 703 constructor's points out of a possible 817; they lost just 114 points across the whole season (earning 86.0% of points available). Both cars finished on the podium for 9 consecutive races, matching the record held by Ferrari – from the 1952 Belgian Grand Prix to the 1953 Belgian Grand Prix. The team clinched their second consecutive Constructors' Championship at the , the", "id": "434345" }, { "contents": "Jackie Stewart\n\n\n. In F1, after his promising start the previous year, 1966 was a poor year for Stewart; the 3-litre H16 BRMs were unreliable, although Stewart did win the Monaco Grand Prix in a 2-litre engined car. The most significant event in that year was his accident at the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps, which sparked his campaign to improve safety in F1 and caused him to miss the French Grand Prix at Reims. Stewart had some success in other forms of racing during the year, winning the 1966 Rothmans 12", "id": "5729578" }, { "contents": "Portuguese Grand Prix\n\n\nto the F1 calendar, ending the season, where Frenchman Alain Prost won the race but failed to win the Championship by half a point from his teammate, Austrian Niki Lauda who finished 2nd in the race. In 1985, the Grand Prix was moved to April 21 and held under heavy rain, the ideal conditions for Ayrton Senna to win his first race. From 1986, the race was held in what would become its traditional date, in the penultimate week of September; this race was won by Briton Nigel Mansell.", "id": "20534007" }, { "contents": "F1 Pole Position 2\n\n\nF1 Pole Position 2 - known in Japan as - is the sequel to \"Human Grand Prix\" and the predecessor to \"Human Grand Prix III: F1 Triple Battle\". Satoru Nakajima is introduced to the series as a hidden character that can be saved to either of the two provided files. This relationship would continue until \"Human Grand Prix IV: F1 Dream Battle\" was released. It is possible to edit the contracts for the engine manufacturers in addition to the individual players and their respective contracts. The engines in", "id": "19880887" }, { "contents": "Andrea de Cesaris\n\n\nAndrea de Cesaris (31 May 19595 October 2014) was an Italian racing driver. He started 208 Formula One Grands Prix but never won. As a result, he holds the record for the most races started without a race victory. A string of accidents early in his career earned him a reputation for being a fast but wild driver. In 2005 and 2006 he competed in the Grand Prix Masters formula for retired F1 drivers. De Cesaris died on 5 October 2014 after losing control of his motorcycle on Rome's Grande Raccordo", "id": "21644176" }, { "contents": "Zhuhai International Circuit\n\n\nMans Team and the Malaysian Proton R3 Amprex team also took part. The FIA GT Championship race has been postponed to 25 March 2007 from October 2006, in order to keep clear of the Shanghai F1 Grand Prix in early October and the Macau Grand Prix in the middle of November. The race was won by All-Inkl.com racing's Lamborghini Murciélago R-GT, driven by Christophe Bouchut and Stefan Mucke. GT2 class was won by AF Corse's Ferrari F430 GT2, with Dirk Müller and Toni Vilander at the wheel.", "id": "13824881" }, { "contents": "Ian Raby\n\n\nwon a heat and finished second overall in the Albi Grand Prix, France, for Formula Junior cars. Later that year he won a Formula Libre race at Mallory Park in a Cooper-Climax F2. On 9 May 1963 he took third place in the non-championship F1 Rome Grand Prix at Vallelunga in a Gilby-B.R.M. V8. At the Solitude Grand Prix he was still running at the end but not classified, and he retired in the Oulton Park Gold Cup. He switched to a Brabham-B.R.M. for 1964", "id": "1743719" }, { "contents": "Bahrain Grand Prix\n\n\na F1 race, with Egypt, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates all hoping for the prestige of hosting a Formula One Grand Prix. By the completion of the project, the circuit became the centre of motor sport in the Persian Gulf, as it held many other races such as drag races, GT races, Formula 3 races and the Australian V8 Supercar series. The first race was in 2004. The race was won by German driver Michael Schumacher for Ferrari. Fernando Alonso won the second Bahrain Grand Prix for Renault in", "id": "21328520" }, { "contents": "McLaren Group\n\n\nMcLaren M7A Ford. Later that year the team scored its first Grand Prix win when Bruce McLaren took the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa Francorchamps. By the end of the season Denny Hulme had won two further Grands Prix—in Italy and Canada (the team's first 1-2 finish in a World Championship race). Emerson Fittipaldi won the F1 world championship in 1974, and McLaren also took their first constructor's title at the same time. The 1976 title was taken by James Hunt, and then there was a", "id": "8624812" }, { "contents": "1971 Formula One season\n\n\n, Amon, and Hulme. There were 3 notable non-championship events between the first and second 1971 Formula One championship rounds. A number of teams traveled to England (where most F1 teams were and are based) to compete in the Race of Champions 2 weeks after the South African Grand Prix, held at the undulating and bumpy Brands Hatch circuit just outside London. This race, run at a shorter distance than is usual for a Grand Prix was won by the Swiss Regazzoni in a Ferrari, ahead of pole-", "id": "11851323" }, { "contents": "2000 European Grand Prix\n\n\nrunning at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours with driver Nick Heidfeld to test the AP03's aerodynamic components. Luca Badoer spent three days at the Fiorano Circuit practicing pit stops and testing aerodynamic and mechanical setups of the F1-F2000. Barrichello ran a new engine for the car and performed tyre testing at the Mugello Circuit. Michael Schumacher won the opening three races of the season and had an healthy advantage over Häkkinen, who had reliability issues in the Australian and Brazilian races. Coulthard then won the British Grand Prix and Hakkinen took the", "id": "9123806" }, { "contents": "Japanese Grand Prix\n\n\nyear, interest went into decline despite the addition of the Pacific Grand Prix to the F1 calendar, an event also held in Japan during the and seasons. The 1995 Japanese Grand Prix was the first for which the allocated tickets did not sell out. Subsequently, the appearance of new Japanese drivers such as Takuma Sato and the entry of Honda and Toyota as full manufacturer teams has restored the event to its former popularity. But Honda pulled out of F1 at the end of 2008, citing economic reasons, and Toyota did the", "id": "21013960" }, { "contents": "Sebastian Vettel\n\n\nto drive an F1 car quickly. It made a huge difference – not only to the speed he could unlock, but also to his ability to do so consistently.\" At the 2008 Italian Grand Prix, Vettel became the youngest driver in history to win a Formula One Grand Prix. Aged 21 years and 74 days, Vettel broke the record set by Fernando Alonso at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix by 317 days when he won in wet conditions at Monza. Vettel led for the majority of the Grand Prix and crossed the", "id": "13316176" }, { "contents": "1986 Formula One World Championship\n\n\nSurer in a rally crash in Germany following the Belgian Grand Prix. This was the only F1 season for both Johnny Dumfries and Allen Berg; Huub Rothengatter also dropped out of F1 at season's end. Elio de Angelis was killed in a testing accident at the Circuit Paul Ricard following the Monaco Grand Prix; he remained the last driver to die in F1 until Roland Ratzenberger at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix. The 1986 Formula One calendar featured the brand-new Hungarian Grand Prix, as well as the return of both", "id": "11850711" }, { "contents": "Team Lotus\n\n\nadvantage of this, with Clark's Type 48 F2 appearing at Hockenheim in the red, gold and white colors of Imperial Tobacco's Gold Leaf brand. The F1 followed at the 1968 Spanish Grand Prix in Jarama. Team Lotus as a constructor was first to achieve 50 Grand Prix victories. (Ferrari was the second to do so, having won their first Formula One race in 1951, seven years before the first Lotus F1 car.) In the mid-to-late 1970s, Lotus experienced a resurgence with Mario Andretti", "id": "8010816" }, { "contents": "1977 Austrian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Österreichring on 14 August 1977. It was the twelfth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. Since the previous year's race, the Hella-Licht corner had been converted to a fast chicane, thus increasing the length of the circuit to . The race was held over 54 laps of the circuit for a race distance of . The race was won by Australian driver and future World Champion, Alan", "id": "8921201" }, { "contents": "1978 French Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1978 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Paul Ricard on 2 July 1978. It was the ninth race of the 1978 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1978 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 54-lap race was won by Mario Andretti, driving a Lotus-Ford, with teammate Ronnie Peterson second and James Hunt third in a McLaren-Ford. Following the voluntary withdrawal of the \"fan car\", Brabham had to revert to their previous car again, but it did not deter them,", "id": "8921261" }, { "contents": "2006 Hungarian Grand Prix\n\n\nwon with Canadian team Wolf in the 1977 Canadian Grand Prix. The race would also prove to be Honda's only win in their second stint in Formula One as a full constructor, ending in late 2008 after Honda decided to pull out of F1 after the Global Financial Crisis. It was the last victory for a Honda-powered car in Formula One until Max Verstappen won the 2019 Austrian Grand Prix for Red Bull and also last victory for Honda as a fully constructor team in Formula One to date. The weekend before the", "id": "16482335" }, { "contents": "Rubens Barrichello\n\n\n, breaking Patrese's record of 256 Grand Prix starts and becoming the most experienced driver in F1 history. The particular Grand Prix at which he broke this record has been disputed, as he technically did not start some races, such as the 2002 Spanish Grand Prix, but Barrichello and Honda chose Turkey to be the location of the official celebrations. In Monaco, he scored his first points since 2006 and in Canada he scored consecutive points, finishing 7th after starting in 9th position. He led some laps because of the appearance", "id": "14844205" }, { "contents": "Maserati in motorsport\n\n\nMaserati A6GCM, designed as a Formula Two car, was also used in F1. Due to financial difficulties in the late 1950s the team had to withdraw from Formula One in 1958 despite the 250F still being successful. Privateers continued to use the 250F until 1960. In the 1960s, Maserati supplied engines to British Formula One team Cooper. The most successful car of that collaboration was the Cooper-Maserati T81, which had a Maserati V12 engine. It won the 1966 Mexican Grand Prix and the 1967 South African Grand Prix,", "id": "1332949" }, { "contents": "2013 United States Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 2013 United States Grand Prix is a Formula One motor race that was held at the Circuit of the Americas on November 17, 2013. The race was the eighteenth round of the 2013 season, and marks the second running of the United States Grand Prix in Austin. The race was won by Red Bull-Renault's Sebastian Vettel, for his eighth consecutive win, a new F1 record for consecutive wins within a single season. Kimi Räikkönen announced a week before the Grand Prix that he would be missing the final two", "id": "20542641" }, { "contents": "1985 German Grand Prix\n\n\nuntil 1976, and at that race Niki Lauda had a near-fatal accident in his Ferrari that forced the Formula One circus to move to the safer, shorter and faster Hockenheimring. The GP-Strecke would not host another Grand Prix until it hosted the 1995 European Grand Prix, and would not host the German Grand Prix again until 2009. Michele Alboreto won the race, his fifth and last F1 victory. This event was the first occasion on which an onboard camera was used in a race; one was attached to", "id": "8921783" }, { "contents": "Steve Rider\n\n\n: wouldn't it look great if you were standing by the 18th green as Nick Faldo putted out and you would say \"No, that would get in the way of everybody's enjoyment of the event\". He has twice won the Royal Television Society's 'Sports Presenter of the Year' award, including in 1994, and won a BAFTA TV award for ITVs coverage of the 2008 F1 Brazilian Grand Prix. His defection to ITV was one of the most high-profile from BBC Sport since Des Lynam. Rider", "id": "20320451" }, { "contents": "Naoki Hattori\n\n\nAfter he won the Japanese Formula 3 championship in 1990, he failed to pre-qualify for two Formula One grands prix with Coloni in 1991 as a late-season replacement for Pedro Chaves. He raced in Indy Lights in the mid-90s, and in CART briefly in 1999 for Walker Racing with a best finish of 14th. In 1997, he tested a Formula One prototype, the F105, for Dome F1 at Suzuka and other Japanese race tracks, but Dome F1 never entered a Formula One Grand Prix. Hattori competed regularly", "id": "16453602" }, { "contents": "1977 Monaco Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 22 May 1977. It was the sixth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 76-lap race was won by South African driver Jody Scheckter, driving a Wolf-Ford. It was Scheckter's second victory of the season, and the 100th World Championship race victory for the Ford-backed Cosworth DFV engine. Austrian Niki Lauda finished second in a Ferrari, with Argentinian teammate Carlos Reutemann third", "id": "8921180" }, { "contents": "1977 Belgian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zolder on 5 June 1977. It was the seventh race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 70-lap race was won by Swedish driver Gunnar Nilsson, driving a Lotus-Ford. Austrian driver Niki Lauda finished second in a Ferrari, while Nilsson's fellow Swede, Ronnie Peterson, finished third in the six-wheeled Tyrrell-Ford. This was to be Nilsson's only Formula One victory, before", "id": "8921182" }, { "contents": "1977 Swedish Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 Swedish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Scandinavian Raceway on 19 June 1977. It was the eighth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 72-lap race was won by Frenchman Jacques Laffite, driving a Ligier-Matra. This was the first Formula One victory for a French team and a French engine, as well as the first all-French victory in the Formula One World Championship. German driver Jochen Mass finished second in a McLaren", "id": "8921185" }, { "contents": "1977 British Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 16 July 1977. It was the tenth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 68-lap race was won from pole position by local driver James Hunt, driving a McLaren-Ford, with Austrian driver Niki Lauda second in a Ferrari and Swedish driver Gunnar Nilsson third in a Lotus-Ford. The race marked the debut of Canadian driver Gilles Villeneuve, as well as the first outing for", "id": "8921196" }, { "contents": "1978 Spanish Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1978 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 4 June 1978 at Jarama. It was the seventh race of the 1978 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1978 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 75-lap race was won from pole position by Mario Andretti, driving a Lotus-Ford, with teammate Ronnie Peterson second and Jacques Laffite third in a Ligier-Matra. Once again the new Lotus 79 demonstrated its speed, with Mario Andretti on pole and Ronnie Peterson alongside him on the front row, the", "id": "8921252" }, { "contents": "1979 Belgian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1979 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 1979 at Zolder. It was the sixth race of the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 70-lap race was won by Jody Scheckter, driving a Ferrari. Scheckter collided with Clay Regazzoni's Williams-Ford on the second lap, but recovered to take his first victory of the season. Jacques Laffite finished second in a Ligier-Ford, having started from pole position, while Didier Pironi achieved his", "id": "8921300" }, { "contents": "1979 Italian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1979 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 9 September 1979 at Monza. It was the thirteenth race of the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 50-lap race was won by South African Jody Scheckter, driving a Ferrari, with Canadian team-mate Gilles Villeneuve second and Swiss Clay Regazzoni third in a Williams-Ford. Scheckter claimed the Drivers' Championship in the process, while Ferrari clinched the Constructors' Championship. This race marked Scuderia Ferrari's 300th", "id": "8921314" }, { "contents": "1991 Brazilian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1991 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Interlagos on 24 March 1991. It was the second race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship. The 71-lap race was won from pole position by local driver Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda. It was the first time Senna had won his home Grand Prix, in his eighth season of F1. Riccardo Patrese finished second in a Williams-Renault, with Senna's teammate Gerhard Berger third. Ayrton Senna made a perfect start to lead from Nigel", "id": "8971544" }, { "contents": "Brazilian Grand Prix\n\n\nafter he exited his car due to exhaustion. São Paulo native Ayrton Senna's success thus far in Formula One had city officials working hard to revamp the Interlagos circuit in a $15 million investment to shorten and smooth over the circuit. In the Grand Prix returned to a shortened Interlagos, where it has stayed since. The Interlagos circuit has created some of the most exciting and memorable races in recent Formula One history, and is regarded as one of the most challenging and exciting circuits on the F1 calendar. The first race", "id": "16718376" }, { "contents": "Tavo Hellmund\n\n\nOne Management and Formula One Administration) has spanned nearly 40 years. In July 2010, Hellmund announced he had signed a deal with Formula One in April to return the United States Grand Prix to the F1 schedule in 2012. The Austin circuit was sketched then designed by Hellmund and engineered by Herman Tilke and Peter Wahl, whom he hired to complete the 5.513 km circuit. In July 2014, Bernie Ecclestone confirmed the Mexican Grand Prix would return to the F1 schedule in the 2015 Formula One season. The revived Mexican Grand Prix", "id": "11682927" }, { "contents": "Japanese Grand Prix\n\n\ntwo Formula One Japanese Grands Prix in 1976 and 1977 were held at the Fuji Speedway, before Japan was taken off the calendar. It returned in 1987 at Suzuka, which hosted the Grand Prix exclusively for 20 years and gained a reputation as one of the most challenging F1 circuits. In 1994 and 1995, Japan also hosted the Pacific Grand Prix at the TI Circuit, making Japan one of only seven countries to host more than one Grand Prix in the same season (the others being Great Britain, France, Spain,", "id": "21013909" }, { "contents": "2013 Bahrain Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 2013 Bahrain Grand Prix (formally known as the 2013 Formula 1 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 21 April 2013 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, Bahrain. Mercedes' Nico Rosberg started the race from pole. Sebastian Vettel won the race, with Lotus F1 drivers Kimi Räikkönen and Romain Grosjean completing the podium. Contested over 57 laps, it was the fourth round of the 2013 season, and the ninth time that the Bahrain Grand Prix had been held as a round of", "id": "20542510" }, { "contents": "2008 Australian Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 2008 Australian Grand Prix (formally the LXXIII ING Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 16 March 2008 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit, Melbourne, Australia. It was the first race of the 2008 Formula One season. The 58 lap race was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from pole position. Nick Heidfeld finished second in a BMW Sauber car, with Nico Rosberg third in a Williams, his first ever F1 podium. This was the last race until the 2010 Korean", "id": "9837238" }, { "contents": "McLaren MP4/2\n\n\nfirst driver to win back-to-back championships since Jack Brabham had won in and . The MP4/2 won 22 Grands Prix (Prost, 16; Lauda, 6), took 7 pole positions (Prost, 6; Rosberg, 1), and scored 327.5 points throughout its three-year career. It contributed to 2 Constructors' and 3 Drivers' championships, and remains the most successful chassis in F1 history. Prost's MP4/2C was driven at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed by World Champion Jenson Button who had", "id": "3234758" }, { "contents": "South African Grand Prix\n\n\nlast F1 race. 1971 saw American Mario Andretti won his first F1 race in a Ferrari. 1974 saw American Peter Revson crash horribly at Barbeque Bend during testing for the race and slam head-on to the barriers; he later died from his injuries. Argentine Carlos Reutemann won for the first time at that year's event. 1975 saw South African Jody Scheckter take victory. The 1977 event was the location of one of the most gruesome crashes in history, as Tom Pryce was killed when he hit and killed track marshal", "id": "10341583" }, { "contents": "Canadian Grand Prix\n\n\nJenson Button have also fallen victim to the wall. In 2011 Friday practice the wall claimed 4-time F1 Champion Sebastian Vettel. During Q2 in 2019, the wall claimed another former Formula Renault 3.5 champion, Kevin Magnussen. Before the wall was named it also claimed victims such as 1992 World Sportscar Champion and long-time F1 driver Derek Warwick who spectacularly crashed his Arrows-Megatron during qualifying for the 1988 Canadian Grand Prix. On 7 October 2008, the Canadian Grand Prix was dropped from the Formula One calendar, which left the", "id": "12953088" }, { "contents": "1995 Formula One World Championship\n\n\n, equalling the record set by Nigel Mansell in . He also continued his rivalry with Williams-Renault driver Damon Hill, including collisions at the British and Italian Grands Prix. Both these races were won by Schumacher's Benetton teammate Johnny Herbert, taking his first two F1 victories. Hill's Williams teammate, David Coulthard, claimed his first victory in Portugal, while Ferrari's Jean Alesi achieved his only F1 victory in Canada. The calendar was initially announced at the beginning of 1995. The European Grand Prix moved to the Nürburgring", "id": "11388674" }, { "contents": "1977 Spanish Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1977 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 8 May 1977 at the Circuito del Jarama near Madrid, Spain. It was the fifth race of the 1977 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1977 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 75-lap race was won from pole position by American driver Mario Andretti, driving a Lotus-Ford. Argentinian Carlos Reutemann finished second in a Ferrari, with South African Jody Scheckter third in a Wolf-Ford. Mario Andretti continued his recent form with pole position and Jacques", "id": "8921178" }, { "contents": "1978 Argentine Grand Prix\n\n\nThe 1978 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 15 January 1978 at Buenos Aires. It was the first race of the 1978 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1978 International Cup for F1 Constructors. The 52-lap race was won from pole position by American driver Mario Andretti, driving a Lotus-Ford, with Austrian Niki Lauda second in a Brabham-Alfa Romeo and Frenchman Patrick Depailler third in a Tyrrell-Ford. Mario Andretti took pole in his Lotus, with Carlos Reutemann's Ferrari joining him on", "id": "8921225" }, { "contents": "Motorsport in Australia\n\n\nAlan Jones, who won in , giving Williams its first Drivers' and Constructors championships. As of , Daniel Ricciardo (Renault F1 Team) is the only Australian driver in Formula One. Of the 13 Australians who have driven in Formula One, only Brabham (14), Jones (12), Webber (9) and Ricciardo () have won a Formula One Grand Prix. Australian Formula 3 has been the name applied to two distinctly different motor racing categories, separated by over twenty years. The original Australian Formula", "id": "3518276" }, { "contents": "Japanese Grand Prix\n\n\nreturn to Japan in 1987, the Grand Prix found a new venue at the redesigned and revamped Suzuka Circuit. The circuit, set inside a funfair, was designed by Dutchman John Hugenholtz and owned by Honda, who used it as a test track. Most notable initially for its layout—Suzuka is the only figure-eight race track to appear on the F1 calendar. The demanding and fast Japanese circuit became very popular among drivers and fans; and it was to see some of the most dramatic and memorable moments in Formula", "id": "21013915" }, { "contents": "Sky Sports F1\n\n\nend at the 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix on 25 November 2012. On 7 March 2012, Sky Sports F1 revealed their theme tune for the 2012 season, \"Just Drive\" by Alistair Griffin, which has been re-recorded with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra and Rodolfus Choir. (Incidentally, the original version of the song was also used as the BBC's ending theme for 2010). The 43-second opening credits feature archive footage of former world champions and memorable F1 moments from 32 Grands Prix between 1950 and 2011. The theme", "id": "11249967" } ]

[ { "contents": "Lawmaking procedure in India\n\n\nbill is introduced in the Rajya Sabha. After a Bill has been introduced, it is published in \"The Gazette of India\". Even before introduction, a Bill might, with the permission of the Speaker, be published in the \"Gazette\". In such cases, leave to introduce the Bill in the House is not asked for and the Bill is straight away introduced. After a Bill has been introduced, the Presiding Officer of the concerned House (Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha", "id": "1747273" }, { "contents": "Parliamentary Committees of India\n\n\nSabha, each of these Standing Committees used to consist of 45 members— 30 nominated by the Speaker from amongst the members of Lok Sabha and 15 members nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha from amongst the members of Rajya Sabha. However, with re-structuring of DRSCs in July, 2004 each DRSC consists of 31 members—21 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha. There are 24 Department-related Standing Committees (DRSCs). Each of these committees have 31 members - 21 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha", "id": "16108023" }, { "contents": "Leader of the Opposition (India)\n\n\nof Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977\" which defines the term \"Leader of the Opposition\" as that member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha who, for the time being, is the Leader of that House of the Party in Opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and recognised, as such, by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha or the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. As per the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977\" by which the post has got", "id": "15643060" }, { "contents": "Speaker of the Lok Sabha\n\n\nVice President of India is the \"ex-officio\" chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the order of precedence, the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the Chief Justice of India. The Speaker is answerable to the House. Both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by the majority of the members. Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by an effective majority (50% of total strength excluding vacancies) of the house as per . The Speaker", "id": "12927052" }, { "contents": "Constitution Club of India\n\n\nsociety by the name \"Constitution Club of India\" hereinafter referred as Club and to register it under the Societies Registration Act 1860. After the Independence, the Club has emerged as a platform for exhibitions, vital meetings, events, press conferences, elite parties & social hangouts between the present and former Members of Parliament. Smt. Sumitra Mahajan, Hon'ble Speaker Lok Sabha, President. She is the 16th Speaker of Lok Sabha. Shri P. J. Kurien, Hon'ble ex-Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha & Shri Hardeep Singh Puri", "id": "12594059" }, { "contents": "Parliamentary Committees of India\n\n\n. These members are to be nominated by the Speaker of Lok Sabha or the Chairman of Rajya Sabha respectively. The term of office of these committees does not exceed one year. These committees are serviced either by Lok Sabha secretariat or the Rajya Sabha secretariat depending on who has appointed the chairman of that committee. ** In each House there is a GPC. All members are ex-officio members by virtue of being chairmen of respective standing committees and leaders of respective parties. , the following Ad-hoc Committees are in", "id": "16108024" }, { "contents": "Derek O'Brien (politician)\n\n\nDerek O’Brien (born 1961) is an Indian politician, author, television personality, public speaker and quiz show host. He is a member of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of India's Parliament) from Bengal, representing the All India Trinamool Congress. He is the chief national spokesperson as well as leader of the Trinamool Congress Parliamentary party in the Rajya Sabha. O’Brien comes from an Anglo-Indian family and can trace his paternal origins to an Irish soldier who came to India in the early 1860s and whose descendants married", "id": "10061764" }, { "contents": "D.B. Singh\n\n\nD.B. \"Dinesh Bahadur\" Singh is a career India civil servant who formerly served as Secretary of Rajya Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariat, Parliament of India, i.e. the Upper House in the Indian Parliament (similar to the House of Lords but different as most Rajya Sabha members are elected by people's representatives, unlike most of the members of the House of Lords who have peerages bestowed upon them). He was appointed as Advisor in Rajya Sabha in 2014 and previously served as Additional Secretary and Joint Secretary in Rajya Sabha. He", "id": "9297721" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\npublications, as may be required concerning the functioning of the Rajya Sabha and its Committees. In the discharge of his constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is assisted by the Secretary-General, who holds the rank equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. The Secretary-General, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of Secretary, Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat. Present secretary-general is Desh Deepak Verma, IAS.", "id": "8096719" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\n. 12 members are nominated by the President. As per the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950, the Rajya Sabha was to consist of 216 members of which 12 members were to be nominated by the President and the remaining 204 elected to represent the States. The present strength, however, is 245 members of whom 233 are representatives of the states and union territories and 12 are nominated by the President. The 12 nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are persons who are eminent in particular fields, and", "id": "8096714" }, { "contents": "Lok Sabha\n\n\n, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha. Speaker and Deputy Speaker As per \"Article 93\" of Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. In the Lok Sabha, both presiding officers—the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker- are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House. No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker; the Constitution only requires", "id": "1261534" }, { "contents": "Parliament of India\n\n\nthe current complex. A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Former Speaker, Meira Kumar. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag. The Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head. The President of India, the head of", "id": "18622285" }, { "contents": "List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairmen\n\n\nIn the Republic of India, the various central and state legislatures are presided by either a Speaker or a Chairman. A speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha and of the legislative assembly of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). Similarly a chairman heads the Rajya Sabha and the legislative council of each of seven states. This is the list of current Speakers and Chairmen of both houses of the Parliament of India (respectively): This is the list of current Speakers and", "id": "12436799" }, { "contents": "Joint Session of the Parliament of India\n\n\nThe Parliament of India is bicameral. Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill. However, the makers of the Constitution of India anticipated situations of deadlock between the upper house i.e. Rajya Sabha and the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha. Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break this deadlock. The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President (Article 108) and is presided over by the Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok", "id": "8234378" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\ntwo houses can be held, where the Lok Sabha would hold greater influence because of its larger membership. The Vice President of India (currently, Venkaiah Naidu) is the \"ex-officio\" Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. The Deputy Chairman, who is elected from amongst the house's members, takes care of the day-to-day matters of the house in the absence of the Chairman. The Rajya Sabha held its first sitting on 13 May 1952. Rajya Sabha meets in", "id": "8096705" }, { "contents": "Speaker of the Lok Sabha\n\n\nmotion of adjournment, motion of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the President. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the Speaker. The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the Parliament of India. The counterpart of the Speaker in the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States) is its Chairperson; the", "id": "12927051" }, { "contents": "Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha\n\n\nA Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of the Indian states to the upper house of the Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha). Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by the electoral college of the elected members of the State Assembly with a system of proportional representation by a single transferable vote. Parliament of India is bicameral with two houses; Rajya Sabha (Upper house i.e. Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (Lower house i.e. House of the People). The total number of", "id": "4261048" }, { "contents": "Elections in India\n\n\ncan be nominated by the President of India for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members of the Parliament in Rajya Sabha get a tenure of six years, with one-third of the body facing re-election every two years. Rajya Sabha acts as a second-level review body before a bill becomes an act. The Vice President of India is the \"ex-officio\" Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. The Legislative proposals (making new laws,", "id": "3448020" }, { "contents": "List of current members of the Rajya Sabha\n\n\nThe Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership is limited to 250 members, and the present Rajya Sabha has 245 members. 233 members are elected by the Vidhan Sabha members and 12 are nominated by the President for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members sits for six years term, with one-third of the members retiring every two years. The nominated and state-wise list given below lists the number of seats against each category (", "id": "10965178" }, { "contents": "K. S. Hegde\n\n\nKawdoor Sadananda Hegde (11 June 1909 – 24 May 1990) was an Indian jurist and politician who served as a judge in the Supreme Court of India and later as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Hegde founded the Nitte Education Trust. He is the father of Santhosh Hegde, who also served as a judge in the Supreme Court of India. Hegde served as a public prosecutor from 1947 to 1951. In 1952, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha, a position which he held until 1957. In 1967,", "id": "10907262" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\nplaces some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha which makes the Lok Sabha more powerful in certain areas. The definition of a money bill is given in article 110 of constitution of India. A money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha by a minister and only on recommendation of President of India. When the Lok Sabha passes a money bill then the Lok Sabha sends money bill to the Rajya Sabha for 14 days during which it can make recommendations. Even if Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to", "id": "8096707" }, { "contents": "Rajkumar Dhoot\n\n\nCommittee for the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India). In April 2008, he was re-elected to Rajya Sabha for a second term & had been a Member of the Standing Committee on IT apart from being a Member of the Hindi Salahkar Samiti of the Ministry of Textiles. He was consecutively re-elected for a third term for the Rajya Sabha in 2014. At present, he is a Member of the Standing Committee on Health & Family Welfare. He has introduced Private Members Bills in the Rajya Sabha.", "id": "7308818" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\nRajya Sabha chamber in Parliament House in New Delhi. Since 18 July 2018, the Rajya Sabha has facility for simultaneous interpretation in all the 22 official languages of India. Article 84 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for membership of Parliament. A member of the Rajya Sabha must: In addition, twelve members are nominated by the President of India having special knowledge in various areas like arts and science. However, they are not entitled to vote in Presidential elections as per Article 55 of the Constitution. The Constitution of India", "id": "8096706" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\nthe Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both the Houses. Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) of the amendments proposed by the Rajya Sabha, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses of Parliament of India in the form the Lok Sabha finally passes it. Hence, Rajya Sabha can only give recommendations for a money bill but Rajya Sabha cannot amend a money bill. This is to ensure that Rajya Sabha must not add any non money matters in money", "id": "8096708" }, { "contents": "Lawmaking procedure in India\n\n\noutside the legislative competence of the House, the Speaker may permit a full discussion thereon. Thereafter, the question is put to the vote of the House. However, the motion for leave to introduce a Finance Bill or an Appropriation Bill is forthwith put to the vote of the House. Money/Appropriation Bills and financial bills can be introduced only in Lok Sabha per . Speaker of Lok Sabha decides whether a bill is Money Bill or not. Chairman of Rajya Sabha decides whether a bill is finance bill or not when the", "id": "1747272" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\non a bill passed by it. Considering that the numerical strength of Lok Sabha is more than twice that of Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha tends to have a greater influence in a joint sitting of Parliament. A joint session is chaired by the Speaker of Lok Sabha. Also, because the joint session is convened by the President on advice of the government, which already has a majority in Lok Sabha, the joint session is usually convened to get bills passed through a Rajya Sabha in which the government has a minority. Joint", "id": "8096710" }, { "contents": "Leader of the Opposition (India)\n\n\nthe Rajya Sabha, in December, 1969, the Congress Party in Parliament (Opposition) was recognised as' a Party and its Leader, Shyam Nandan Mishra as the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha by reason of that Party's following of 39 in a House of 240. After Shyam Nandan Mishra ceased to be a member of the House by reason of his election to the Lok Sabha, M. S. Gurupadaswamy who was elected the Leader, was recognised in the Rajya Sabha. However, no formal announcement in the", "id": "15643078" }, { "contents": "Joginapally Santosh Kumar\n\n\nJoginapally Santosh Kumar (born 7 December 1976) is a political leader from the Telangana Rashtra Samithi party and presently a Member of the Parliament of India representing Telangana in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He won the election on 23 March 2018. He is the Managing Director of Telugu media house, Namasthe Telangana in Telangana, India. He is presently a General Secretary in Telangana Rashtra Samithi. He was running for Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha. He was born in Kodurupaka village in Boinpally mandal", "id": "4677711" }, { "contents": "Standing Committee on Finance\n\n\nSabha by the Lok Sabha Speaker and from amongst the members of Rajya Sabha by the Rajya Sabha Chairman. Efforts are made as far as possible to allocate seats in proportion to party strength in respective houses. The chairperson is appointed by the Lok Sabha speaker. The term of office of the members is one year. A minister is not eligible to become a member of the committee. If a member after his election to the committee becomes a Minister, he ceases to be a member from the date of such appointment. The", "id": "13781533" }, { "contents": "Third Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nIII (Concurrent List). The full text of the Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the bill is given below: A motion to refer the bill to a Joint Committee was moved by the Lok Sabha on 10 September and adopted on 13 September. The motion was concurred by the Rajya Sabha on 16 September 1954. The Joint Committee presented its Report to the Lok Sabha on 20 September. The Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 28 September 1954. The bill, after ratification by the States, received assent from then", "id": "14035505" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\npowers that protect the rights of States against the Union. The Constitution empowers the Parliament of India to make laws on the matters reserved for States. However, this can only be done if the Rajya Sabha first passes a resolution by a two-thirds supermajority granting such a power to the Union Parliament. The union government cannot make a law on a matter reserved for states without any authorisation from Rajya Sabha. The [Rajya Sabha], by a two-thirds supermajority can pass a resolution empowering the Government of India", "id": "8096712" }, { "contents": "Lawmaking procedure in India\n\n\nby both Houses with amendments recommended by Rajya Sabha and accepted by Lok Sabha. If Lok Sabha does not accept any of the recommendations of Rajya Sabha, the Money Bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form in which it was passed by Lok Sabha without any of the amendments recommended by Rajya Sabha. If a Money Bill passed by Lok Sabha and transmitted to Rajya Sabha for its recommendations is not returned to Lok Sabha within the said period of fourteen days, it is deemed to have been passed by", "id": "1747295" }, { "contents": "1952 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\n\n\nRajya Sabha elections were held in 1952, to elect members of the Council of States ( the Rajya Sabha), Indian Parliament's upper chamber. Elections were held in 1952 to elect members from various states of Independent India. \"The list is incomplete.\" The members are elected in the elections held in 1952. As per the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the Rajya Sabha was first constituted 3 April 1952. and consist of 216 members of which 12 members were to be nominated by the President and the", "id": "839847" }, { "contents": "S. M. Krishna\n\n\nSomanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (born 1 May 1932) is an Indian politician who served as Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012. He was the 16th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008. SM Krishna had served as the Speaker of the Karnataka Vidhan Sabha from December 1989 to January 1993. He was also a member of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha at various times from 1971 to 2014. S. M. Krishna is son of S.C. Mallaiah. He was", "id": "782947" }, { "contents": "2013 Rajya Sabha election in Tamil Nadu\n\n\nRajya Sabha election in Tamil Nadu was the indirect election to the Rajya Sabha which is the upper house of the Parliament of India to elect members from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The election were held for six seats on 27 June 2013. The elections for which voting was held for the first time in 17 years. The term of six members of Rajya Sabha from Tamil Nadu expired on 27 July. Hence, the Election Commission of India decided to hold a biennial election for the six seats. The candidates were indirectly", "id": "9181233" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha TV\n\n\nRajya Sabha TV (RSTV) is a cable television network channel owned and operated by Rajya Sabha that covers the proceedings of Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of the Parliament of India). Apart from telecasting live coverage of Rajya Sabha proceedings, RSTV also brings incisive analysis of parliamentary affairs. While focusing on current national and international affairs, it provides a platform for knowledge-based programmes for the discerning viewer. The channel offers special attention to legislative business undertaken by the Parliament. Conscious of its role as a public broadcaster,", "id": "8873440" }, { "contents": "Elections in India\n\n\nSabha. Members of Rajya Sabha debate bills sent by the Lok Sabha and can approve, reject or send the bill back to the Lok Sabha for further debate and discussion on the matter, as well as to suggest better changes in the drafted bill. Members of Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations to the Lok Sabha for money bills within 14 days. Even if Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both the Houses. Also, if", "id": "3448022" }, { "contents": "Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nunder that clause\". This amendment was accepted by the House, and the clause, as amended, was adopted by the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on 1 and 8 December 1971, respectively. Clauses 1 and 3 of the Bill were adopted, in the original form, by the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on 1 and 8 December 1971, respectively. The Bill, as passed by the Lok Sabha, was considered by the Rajya Sabha on 7 and 8 December and passed on 8 December 1971. The", "id": "6860543" }, { "contents": "P. V. Abdul Wahab\n\n\nP. V. Abdul Wahab is a businessman, social activist and politician hailing from Kerala state in India. He is currently a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, representing Kerala state. He is one of the top leaders of Indian Union Muslim League and the present Treasurer of the party. He has been elected unopposed as Member of Parliament twice to the Rajya Sabha for the years 2004 to 2010 and 2015 to the present. P V Abdul Wahab is a retired non-resident Indian", "id": "8278563" }, { "contents": "Lawmaking procedure in India\n\n\n. The Rajya Sabha cannot make amendments to a Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha and sent to it. It can, however, recommend amendments in a Money Bill, but must return all Money Bills to Lok Sabha within fourteen days from the date of their receipt. The Lok Sabha can choose to accept or reject any or all of the recommendations of the Rajya Sabha with regard to a Money Bill. If Lok Sabha accepts any of the recommendations of Rajya Sabha, the Money Bill is deemed to have been passed", "id": "1747294" }, { "contents": "2017 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\n\n\nRajya Sabha elections were held in India on 21 July and 8 August 2017 as nomination contests by state legislators routinely for ten members of the Rajya Sabha across three states, replacing those who retired in July and August 2017. The State Legislatures which contribute in this six-year minor elections/nomination cycle are Goa, Gujarat and West Bengal. The mechanism is the single transferable vote (STV) among legislators, meaning nominations may be unopposed contests (commonly in states with an absolute majority for a particular party in its legislative,", "id": "5347127" }, { "contents": "Lok Sabha TV\n\n\nLok Sabha TV is an Indian cable television network channel from Government of India that offers coverage of central government proceedings and other public affairs programming. Its remit is to make accessible to all the work of the parliamentary and legislative bodies of India. The channel broadcasts live and recorded coverage of the Lok Sabha (lower house of Parliament) while Rajya Sabha TV covers the sessions of the Rajya Sabha (upper house of Parliament). Select Parliamentary proceedings have been telecast in India since 1989, when the President's address to Parliament was", "id": "3969718" }, { "contents": "List of Rajya Sabha members from Sikkim\n\n\nThe Rajya Sabha (meaning the \"Council of States\") is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Sikkim elects 1 seat and it is indirectly elected by the state legislators of Sikkim, since year 1976. The number of seats, allocated to the party, are determined by the number of seats, a party possesses during nomination and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections in within the state legislatures are held using Single transferable vote with proportional representation. Source: Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha", "id": "1316081" }, { "contents": "Jharna Das\n\n\nJharna Das is an Indian politician from the Communist Party of India (Marxist). She is a Member of the Parliament of India, representing Tripura in the Rajya Sabha. She was elected unopposed in March 2010. Das is a member of the Tripura State Committee of the CPI(M). Before being elected to parliament, she served as the chairperson of the State Social Welfare Board. Das is the first Dalit to be elected to the Rajya Sabha from Tripura, and the second woman representing the state in the Rajya Sabha.", "id": "19124399" }, { "contents": "List of Rajya Sabha members from Arunachal Pradesh\n\n\nThe Rajya Sabha (meaning the \"Council of States\") is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Arunachal Pradesh elects 1 seat and they are indirectly elected by the state legislators of Arunachal Pradesh, since 1972. The number of seats allocated to the party, are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using Single transferable vote with proportional representation. Source: Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha) \"", "id": "1316069" }, { "contents": "Triple talaq in India\n\n\nthe approval of the upper house of Parliament. The ruling NDA (ruling coalition) does not have a majority of its own in the Rajya Sabha. In a major political win for the Narendra Modi government, the triple talaq bill jumped Rajya Sabha hurdle. Put to vote after a lengthy debate, the triple talaq bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha with 99 supports versus 84 votes. It is celebrated as a big day for Indian Islamic women, a step ahead for secular, developed and modern India. Triple talaq is", "id": "2320291" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha TV\n\n\nRSTV has conceptualised programmes on the basis of the vibrant relationship between the Parliament and the people of India. It aims at providing an objective perspective on national and international affairs to the people. RSTV touches upon all the aspects of political, economic, social and cultural life of the people, while promoting scientific temper among masses. Currently, the CEO of Rajya Sabha TV is Manoj Pandey. With a vision to document the story of how the Constitution of India was created, Rajya Sabha TV produced the 10-part TV mini-series", "id": "8873441" }, { "contents": "Chandan Mitra\n\n\nDr. Chandan Mitra () (born 12 December 1955) is an Indian journalist, presently editor and managing director of \"The Pioneer\" newspaper in Delhi, India. He was nominated as a member of the Rajya Sabha during August 2003 to August 2009. He was elected to another term in the Rajya Sabha, as a Bharatiya Janata Party MP from Madhya Pradesh, in June 2010. Mitra was educated at La Martiniere Calcutta, where he was awarded the Founder's Gold Medal in 1971. He was a batchmate of Swapan", "id": "11988560" }, { "contents": "Standing Committee on Finance\n\n\nAfter the general discussion on the budget in the House is over, the Lok Sabha is adjourned for a fixed period. The Committee considers the Demands for Grants (DFGs) of the concerned ministries or departments under its jurisdiction during the aforesaid period and presents reports on them to the House. There is a separate report on the DFGs of each ministry or department. The committee considers only such bills introduced in either of the houses as are referred to it by the Speaker, Lok Sabha or the Chairman, Rajya Sabha as the", "id": "13781538" }, { "contents": "Satish Pradhan\n\n\nSatish Pradhan (b 29 August 1940 Dhar M.P.) is a former mayor of Thane city of India. He was the member of Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra for the two terms of 5 July 1992 to 4 July 1998 and 5 July 1998 till 4 July 2004. He belongs to Shiv Sena and was Leader of Shiv Sena Party in Rajya Sabha. Satish Pradhan (b 29 August 1940 Dhar M.P.) is a former mayor of Thane city of India. He was the member of Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra for the two terms of", "id": "17722385" }, { "contents": "Ambika Soni\n\n\nwith Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1975 she was elected president of the Indian Youth Congress and worked closely with Sanjay Gandhi. In March 1976 she was elected to Rajya Sabha. In 1998 she became the president of All India Mahila Congress. From 1999 - 2006 she was General Secretary of All India Congress Committee. In January 2000 she was again elected to Rajya Sabha and resigned on 10 June 2004. In July 2004 she was again elected to Rajya Sabha. From 29 January 2006 - 22 May 2009 she was Minister of Tourism and", "id": "9708059" }, { "contents": "Standing Committee on Defence (India)\n\n\nand 15 members nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha from amongst the members of Rajya Sabha. However, during the re-structuring of DRSCs in July, 2004 by the 14th Lok Sabha, the membership was reduced to 31 members—21 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha. The inaugural chairperson of the committee was Buta Singh, former Minister of Home Affairs (1984-86) and Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (1995-96) and a member of Indian National Congress. The functions of the", "id": "10028050" }, { "contents": "Rabi Ray\n\n\nwas elected to the Rajya Sabha from Orissa and he completed his term in Rajya Sabha in 1980. He was the Union minister of health and family welfare in Morarji Desai Ministry from January 1979 to January 1980. In 1989, he was re-elected to the 9th Lok Sabha from the Kendrapara constituency in Orissa as a Janata Dal candidate. On 19 December 1989, he was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the 9th Lok Sabha. In 1991, he was re-elected to the 10th Lok Sabha from the same constituency", "id": "16775027" }, { "contents": "One Hundred and Second Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nwas passed by the Lok Sabha on 10 April 2017. The bill was introduced in the Rajya Sabha the following day. The House adopted a motion to refer the Bill to a Standing Committee composed of 25 members and chaired by Bhupender Yadav. The Select Committee tabled its report before the Rajya Sabha on 19 July 2017. The Rajya Sabha passed the Bill on 31 July 2017, after making one amendment. The Bill was transmitted back to the Lok Sabha for concurrence. However, the House did not adopt the amendment made by", "id": "300375" }, { "contents": "Atul Satya Koushik\n\n\nLahore are some of his promising contributions to original play-writing in India. He has also come up with some remarkable adaptations of classic Indian and foreign literature in the form of Kahani Teri Meri, Kaali Shalwar and Animal Farm. His plays based on chapters from mythology with streaks of his imagination such as Draupadi and Chakravyuh have won accolades for its performances in various parts of India. Atul was invited by Lok Sabha Speaker Sumitra Mahajan to perform his play Chakravyuh at Rajya Sabha Auditroium for a show for the Members of Indian Parliament", "id": "7587482" }, { "contents": "16th Lok Sabha\n\n\ndeclared the leader of the Indian National Congress in the Lok Sabha. 5 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 16th Lok Sabha after the 2014 Indian general election. The \"pro-tem\" Speaker Kamal Nath was administered oath on 4 June 2014 & presided over the election of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Sumitra Mahajan was elected as its Speaker on 6 June 2014 and would remain in office until the day before the first sitting of the 17th Lok Sabha. M Thambidurai", "id": "2698448" }, { "contents": "Elections in India\n\n\nremoving or appending new conditions to the existing law) are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament. The Constitution of India however places some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha which makes the Lok Sabha more powerful in certain areas. For example, it stipulates that Money bills must originate in the Lok", "id": "3448021" }, { "contents": "Cho Ramaswamy\n\n\nand \"Anbai Thedi\". Cho has acted with Sivakumar in films like \"Shanmugapriya, Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu, Thaip Paasam, Uravu Solla Oruvan, Aan Pillai Singam, Yaarukkum Vetkamillai, Chinna Kuyil Padudhu, Sattai Illatha Pambaram\" and \"Kanna Thorakiran Samy\". Among these, \"Yaarukkum Vetkamillai\" was directed by Cho in 1976. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President of India, K. R. Narayanan. In the Rajya Sabha 12 MPs are nominated by the President of India from amongst persons who have", "id": "18875000" }, { "contents": "Suryakant Acharya\n\n\nSuryakant Acharya (9 December 1929 – 21 December 2009) was an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a member of the Parliament of India representing Gujarat in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was elected from Gujarat State in Rajya Sabha, the Council of States of India parliament for the 2005 to 2011. He was Vice Chairman of State Planning Commission of Gujarat from June 1998 to January 2003. He was married to Hemaben Acharya who was Minister of Health at Govt of Gujarat during 1975", "id": "7308603" }, { "contents": "Vice President of India\n\n\nhe is of the opinion, a bill introduced in the Rajya Sabha is a money bill, he would refer the case to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha for deciding it. Article 66 of the Indian Constitution states the manner of election of the Vice President. The Vice President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of Proportional Representation by means of the Single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by election commission. The Vice", "id": "21207060" }, { "contents": "Standing committee (India)\n\n\nexceptions. Their appointment, terms of office, functions and procedures of conducting business are broadly similar. These standing committees are elected or appointed every year, or periodically by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha or the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, or as a result of consultation between them. There are two types of Parliamentary committee, the Standing committee and the Ad hoc committee. 1. The Standing committees are constituted every year or frequently and they work on continuous basis. 2. Ad hoc committees are temporary and created for", "id": "9679697" }, { "contents": "Rajni Patil\n\n\nRajni Patil (5 December 1958) is an Indian politician representing the Indian National Congress. She is currently the All India Congress Committee In-charge for Himachal Pradesh. She was a Member of Parliament, representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Indian Parliament) .She was elected unopposed in a Rajya Sabha bye election in 2013 after the death of Vilasrao Deshmukh . She was awarded the Best debut Parliamentarian award for her performance in the Rajya Sabha. She was elected to the Lok Sabha(the lower house of the Indian", "id": "14199012" }, { "contents": "Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nObjects and Reasons appended to the bill is given below: The bill, as introduced, was referred to the Standing Committee on Home Affairs, which presented its report to the Rajya Sabha, recommending that the Bill be passed in the present form. The Report was laid on the table of the Lok Sabha on 5 December 2003. The Bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 22 December 2003 and passed on the same day, with a formal amendment changing the short title from \"One-hundredth\" to \"Ninety-", "id": "15498228" }, { "contents": "Standing Committee on Defence (India)\n\n\nmembers of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. The members are elected every year from amongst its members of respective houses according to the principle of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The chairperson is appointed by the Lok Sabha speaker. The term of office of the members is one year. A minister is not eligible to become a member of the committee. If a member after his election to the committee becomes a Minister, he ceases to be a member from the date of such appointment. The", "id": "10028048" }, { "contents": "Standing Committee on Defence (India)\n\n\nof the Reports of the Committee The Committee considers only such Bills introduced in either of the Houses as are referred to it by the Speaker, Lok Sabha or the Chairman, Rajya Sabha as the case may be. The Committee considers the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to it and makes Reports thereon within the given time. Keys: = 31 members The $8.9 billion deal for the purchase of 36 Rafale aircraft from France was delayed due to the Agusta Westland bribery scandal and a cautious stance taken by the government", "id": "10028052" }, { "contents": "Syama Prasad Mukherjee\n\n\n), Mukherjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21 October 1951 in Delhi, becoming its first president. In the 1952 elections, the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) won three seats in the Parliament of India, including Mukherjee's. He had formed the National Democratic Party within the Parliament. It consisted of 32 members of the Lok Sabha and 10 members of the Rajya Sabha; however, it was not recognised by the speaker as an opposition party. The BJS was created with the objective of nation-building and \"", "id": "11395680" }, { "contents": "Committee on Public Undertakings (India)\n\n\nlower house of the Parliament, and not more than seven members of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. The members are elected every year from amongst its members of respective houses according to the principle of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The chairperson is appointed by the Lok Sabha speaker. The term of office of the members is one year. A minister is not eligible to become a member of the committee. If a member after his election to the committee becomes a Minister, he ceases to", "id": "4539341" }, { "contents": "Rajiv Gandhi\n\n\nraised the issue in the Indian Parliament; the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Shivraj Patil, expunged Rajiv Gandhi's name from the proceedings. In December 2011, Subramanian Swamy wrote to the director of the Central Bureau of Investigation, citing the article and asking him to take action on black money accounts of the Nehru-Gandhi family. On 29 December 2011, Ram Jethmalani made an indirect reference to the issue in the Rajya Sabha, calling it a shame that one of India's former Prime Ministers was named by a Swiss", "id": "6597329" }, { "contents": "Vice President of India\n\n\nThe Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in India after the President. Article 63 of Indian Constitution states that \"There shall be a Vice President of India.\" The Vice President acts as President in the absence of the president due to death, resignation, impeachment, or other situations. The Vice President of India is also \"ex officio\" Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. When a bill is introduced in Rajya Sabha, the vice president decides whether it is a financial bill or not. If", "id": "21207059" }, { "contents": "Government of India\n\n\nSabha. The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected for a term of five years by universal adult suffrage through a first-past-the-post voting system. Members of the Rajya Sabha, which represents the states, are elected by the members of State legislative assemblies by proportional representation, except for 12 members who are nominated by the president. India is currently the largest democracy in the world, with around 900 million eligible voters, as of 2019. State governments in India are the governments ruling States of India", "id": "9016837" }, { "contents": "Rajya Sabha\n\n\nare well known contributors in the particular field. Members of Rajya Sabha by their political party (As of 12 July 2019): Besides the Chairman (Vice-President of India) and the Deputy Chairman, there is also a position called \"Leader of the House\". This is a cabinet minister – the Prime Minister if he is a member of the House, or another nominated Minister. The Leader has a seat next to the Chairman, in the front row. Besides the Leader of the House, who is", "id": "8096715" }, { "contents": "Twenty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nThe Bill, as passed by the Lok Sabha, was considered by the Rajya Sabha on 10 and 11 August and passed on 11 August 1971. The debate in the Rajya Sabha was brief. The bill received assent from then President Varahagiri Venkata Giri on 5 November 1971. It was notified in \"The Gazette of India\" and came into force on the same day. The Act was passed in accordance with the provisions of Article 368 of the Constitution, and was ratified by more than half of the State Legislatures, as", "id": "15728184" }, { "contents": "A. Vijayaraghavan\n\n\nA. Vijayaraghavan is a politician from Communist Party of India (Marxist), and is the current Convenor of Left Democratic Front in Kerala. He was a Member of the Parliament of India representing Kerala in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. He was the chairman of parliamentary committees on Subordinate Legislation and General Assurances, He was also the Chief Whip of CPI (M) in Rajya Sabha. He was elected to Lok Sabha from Palakkad in 1989. He is the Central Secretariat member of CPI(M) and General", "id": "8278526" }, { "contents": "Joint Session of the Parliament of India\n\n\nLok Sabha only. Rajya Sabha can make recommendations to Lok Sabha, which it is not required to accept. Even if Rajya Sabha doesn't pass a money bill within 14 days, it is deemed to have been passed by both the Houses of Parliament after expiry of the above period. Therefore, a requirement to summon a joint session can never arise in the case of money bill. 2. Constitution Amendment Bill Article 368 of Indian constitution require that constitution of India can be amended by both houses of parliament by 2/3 majority(special", "id": "8234382" }, { "contents": "Election Commission of India\n\n\nParliament of India (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) outlining the grounds of misbehavior or incapacity. Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President of India on the advice of the Chief Election Commissioner. A Chief Election Commissioner has yet to be impeached. In 2009, just before the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, Chief Election Commissioner N. Gopalaswami sent a recommendation to President Prathibha Patil to remove Election Commissioner Navin Chawla, who was soon to take office as the chief election commissioner and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, a potential", "id": "20945365" }, { "contents": "Leader of the Opposition (India)\n\n\nin Rajya Sabha, as a member of the Council of States who is, for the time being, the Leader in that House of the party in opposition to the Government constituting the greatest numerical strength and recognised as such by the Chairman of the Council of States. Thus, the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha should satisfy three conditions, namely, The Leader of the Opposition holds an Office similar to the one that arose in England out of practice, although it has no official functions as per legislation or to", "id": "15643063" }, { "contents": "2015 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\n\n\nRajya Sabha elections were held in India in 2015 to elect eight members of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. Five by-elections were also held. The regular elections were held to fill seats in the States of Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, and the Union Territory of Pondicherry. Jammu and Kashmir had an election on 7 February 2015. Kerala was supposed to have an election on 16 April 2015. But, the election was postponed to 20 April. Pondicherry held the election on 28 September 2015", "id": "4860257" }, { "contents": "Saroj Khaparde\n\n\nthe Union Minister of State of India holding portfolios of Health and Family Welfare and Textiles from 1986 to 1989. She was the Vice-Chairman of the Rajya Sabha from 1994-2000. She also chaired several boards in the Rajya Sabha during her tenure. She was the Chairman of the House Committee from 1982-1984, the Committee on Government Assurances, from 1996 to 98 and the Committee on Subordinate Legislation, in 1996 and then from 1998 to 2000. Khaparde also introduced 28 private-member bills in the Rajya Sabha", "id": "7494532" }, { "contents": "Parvathi Krishnan\n\n\nParty of India candidate in the 1952 by-election (caused by the death of T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar). She was defeated by INC's N.M. Lingam. Later she was nominated to the Rajya Sabha on 3 April 1954 and served as a member of the Rajya Sabha till 12 March 1957. She was elected to the Lok Sabha from Coimbatore constituency as a Communist Party of India candidate in 1957 & 1977 general elections and the 1974 by-election. She lost the 1962 election to P. R. Ramakrishnan from Indian National Congress", "id": "13407857" }, { "contents": "Statue of B. R. Ambedkar (Parliament House)\n\n\n, Vice President of India, Prime Minister, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha speaker and Members, Union Ministers, Governor, other politicians and people gather greeting the statue remembering Ambedkar. The statue was donated by \"Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Committee\" to the Parliament House. For the creation of this statue, Ambedkarite community collected money through public contributions. This statue was made by Mumbai's architect, Brahmesh Vinayak Wagh. In order to make it, Ambedkar's wife, Savita Ambedkar, rendered all help to Brahmesh Wagh. She", "id": "17551604" }, { "contents": "Anandiben Patel\n\n\nRajya Sabha from Gujarat in 1994. As an MP, she participated in the Fourth World Women's Conference at Beijing (China) in 1994–95, representing India. She also visited Bulgaria with the BJP Leader, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and speaker of the Lok Sabha, P. A. Sangma. Patel resigned from Rajyasabha in 1998 and contested her first assembly election from Mandal assembly constituency. She won and became the cabinet minister for education under the Chief Minister Keshubhai Patel. In her first term as Education Minister, Patel started \"Lokdarbar", "id": "19644454" }, { "contents": "Brahmadev Anand Paswan\n\n\nBrahmadev Anand Paswan is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha (upper house of the parliament of India) on 28 May 1993, from the Bihar Legislative Assembly constituency. He represented the Janata Dal at the time. According to one narrative, it was Paswan's poetry that attracted the attention of the Janata Dal chief Laloo Prasad Yadav and enabled his election to the Rajya Sabha. His tenure in the Rajya Sabha lasted from 1 June 1993 to 2 April 1994. Paswan was named as the Bahujan Samaj Party", "id": "21354298" }, { "contents": "Jesudasu Seelam\n\n\n(1992–98). Elected twice as Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha - June 2004 & June 2010 Served as Member, Standing Committee on Energy, Information & Technology, Coal & Steel, Chemicals & Fertilizers, Consultative Committee for Social Justice Ministry, Parliamentary Committee on SC/ST welfare, Committee on Computers to Members of Rajya Sabha, Business Advisory Committee of Rajya Sabha, Parliamentary Forum on Population & Public Health, IPU Global Advisory Group on HIV/AIDS, Animal Welfare Board of India, Khadi & Village Industries Board of", "id": "7253364" }, { "contents": "Veer Pal Singh Yadav\n\n\nShri Veer Pal Singh Yadav a politician from Samajwadi Party is a former Member of the Parliament of India representing Uttar Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. On 8 March 2010 seven MPs of Rajya Sabha including Yadav tore the copies of the Women's Reservation Bill, snatched the microphones on the Chairman’s podium and climbed onto the reporters’ table. The following day Rajya Sabha unanimously suspended Yadav along with other six MPs for their unruly behaviour in the House on 8 March 2010. The motion for", "id": "8279301" }, { "contents": "Elections in Bihar\n\n\nelections to Vidhan Sabha are conducted every five years. Last Lok Sabha election was held in 2014 and Vidhan Sabha election was held in 2015. Elections to the Rajya Sabha are held at regular interval with one third of the members retiring in a staggered manner. Members of Vidhan Sabha elect the state's representative to Rajya Sabha. The elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha are conducted along similar lines with the major difference being size of constituencies. At present each Lok Sabha constituency consists of 6 Vidhan Sabha constituency. Each constituency", "id": "11874334" }, { "contents": "Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014\n\n\nThe Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014 is a proposed Act of the Parliament of India which seeks to end the discrimination faced by transgender people in India. The Bill was passed by the upper house Rajya Sabha on 24 April 2015. It was introduced in the lower house Lok Sabha on 26 February 2016. The Bill was introduced in the Rajya Sabha by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) leader Tiruchi Siva as a private member's bill. Some Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leaders initially tried to convince Siva to withdraw the", "id": "5014708" }, { "contents": "Chief Election Commissioner of India\n\n\nof the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha need to present and vote against him for disorderly conduct or improper actions. Despite the recent changes in the hierarchy, the system always had powers to impose unambiguous rules and guidelines that applied across the entire nation e.g. as to how the ballots will be cast and counted, what will be regarded as 'unqualified' vote. India was probably one of the first countries in the world to go for a completely electronic ballot in the parliamentary elections in 2014. What made this remarkable was that", "id": "16678990" }, { "contents": "Twenty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nto the bill is given below: A motion was moved in the Lok Sabha on 20 December 1968, adopted on the same day and concurred in by the Rajya Sabha on 28 December 1968, to refer the Bill was to a Joint Committee of the Houses of Parliament. The Report of the Joint Committee on the Bill was presented to the Lok Sabha on 12 March 1969 . The Committee suggested certain amendments in the Enacting Formula and clauses 1 and 3 of the Bill. The Bill, as reported by the Joint Committee,", "id": "15609666" }, { "contents": "Liberhan Commission\n\n\nSabha. The Lok Sabha debated the report on 1 December 2009 and the Rajya Sabha on 7 December 2009. The BJP had initially decided to field Sushma Swaraj as the lead speaker in the Lower House, but she will now be the second speaker on the issue. The performance of its star speakers in both Houses will be keenly watched by the RSS, say party sources.While the initial plan would have seen the quartet of Delhi BJP leaders — Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj, in addition to Venkaiah Naidu, and Ananth Kumar", "id": "6696451" }, { "contents": "Parliament of India\n\n\nis the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library Hall and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for ministers, chairmen, parliamentary committees, party offices, important offices of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariats, and also the offices of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is in diameter. It is a place of historical importance. The Indian Constitution was", "id": "18622283" }, { "contents": "Government of India\n\n\n, are either chosen from parliament or elected thereto within six months of assuming office. The cabinet as a whole is responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can be dissolved only when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and can never be dissolved. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected for a six-year term. The executive of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration", "id": "9016817" }, { "contents": "Violet Alva\n\n\nthe Rajya Sabha, thereby becoming the first female to preside over the Rajya Sabha in its history. She served two consecutive terms in Rajya Sabha. Her first term commenced on 19 April 1962 and continued till 2 April 1966. Her second term began with her election to the office of Deputy Chairman on 7 April 1966 and she held the position till 16 November 1969. In 1969, Alva resigned after Indira Gandhi declined to back her as Vice-President of India. In 1937, Violet Hari married politician, lawyer, journalist", "id": "5410021" }, { "contents": "K. Keshava Rao\n\n\nDr Kancherla Keshava Rao popularly known as KK (born 4 June 1939) is a politician from Telangana Rashtra Samithi party is a Member of the Parliament of India representing Andhra Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. Despite being from Telangana he was assigned to Andhra Pradesh because of the lot method used to assign Rajya Sabha members for the newly created Telangana and residual Andhra Pradesh. He was reelected to the Rajya Sabha on 7 February 2014. He was born to K. Niranjan Rao and Govindamma in Mahbubabad", "id": "7253336" }, { "contents": "Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)\n\n\nParliament (Lok Sabha) from Hissar Constituency, after defeating Om Prakash Chautala by a giant margin. In 2010, Birender Singh was elected as Congress MP Rajya Sabha from Haryana for a 6 years term (2010–16). Birender Singh joined Bharatiya Janata Party on 29 August 2014, after tendering his resignation from the membership of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India on 28 August 2014. In November 2014, Ch. Birender Singh took oath as a Cabinet Minister, Govt. Of India. He was given", "id": "444235" }, { "contents": "Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India\n\n\nParliamentary law) would be subject in regard to the system of levy, rates and other incidents of the tax on the sale or purchase of those goods. The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 7 May 1956, and on 9 May, the House moved and adopted a motion to refer the bill to a Joint Committee of the Houses of Parliament. This motion was concurred in the Rajya Sabha on 16 May 1956. The Joint Committee presented its Report to the Lok Sabha on 23 May 1956, recommending that the", "id": "14632361" }, { "contents": "Parliament of India\n\n\nnominated (by the President) to either house of Parliament are referred to as Members of Parliament (MP). The Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public voting in Single-member districts and the Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of all State Legislative Assembly by proportional representation. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 545 in Lok Sabha including the 2 nominees from the Anglo-Indian Community by the President, and 245 in Rajya Sabha including the 12 nominees from the", "id": "18622280" }, { "contents": "Oscar Fernandes\n\n\nMinister of State (Independent charge) of the Ministry of Labour and Employment in Dr. Manmohan Singh's first UPA government in India. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to Rajiv Gandhi. He was elected to the 7th Lok Sabha in 1980 from Udupi constituency in Karnataka. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1984, 1989, 1991 and 1996 from the same constituency. Later, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1998. He was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2004. He was a Union", "id": "1895495" }, { "contents": "Premalakaki Chavan\n\n\nPremalabai Chavan (2 July 1918 – 8 July 2003) was an Indian politician and was a member of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Founder-President of the All India Women's Cricket Association, she was involved in various other activities that contributed to the welfare of women in Indian society. Premalakaki Chavan is notable for holding the record for the most number of representations (four) in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, by a female M.P. from Maharashtra. Chavan was born to the M. N. Rao", "id": "5995426" }, { "contents": "Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha\n\n\nmembers of Rajya Sabha are lesser than the Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha and have more restricted power than the lower house (Lok Sabha). Unlike membership to the Lok Sabha, membership to the Rajya Sabha is permanent for a term of six years and cannot be dissolved at any time. Broad responsibilities of the members of parliament of Rajya Sabha are; Rajya Sabha enjoys certain special powers which in effect gives special powers and responsibilities to the Rajya Sabha MPs. The special powers are; Unlike membership to the Lok", "id": "4261049" }, { "contents": "List of current Members of Parliament from Kerala\n\n\nMember of parliament in India refers to persons who serve in the Indian parliament. These include: In addition to the 29 MPs representing the state in the upper and lower houses, there are four MPs from Kerala who have either been nominated or elected from other states . Totally there are 33 MPs working for Kerala and representing Kerala in both houses in Parliament. The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India and there are 20 Lok Sabha MPs from Kerala The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of", "id": "8926302" } ]

[ { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nfirst film of Meredith Quill in the sequence, was also slightly de-aged to play the younger version of that character. Luma worked on the Sovereign people and their world, and Adam Warlock's cocoon. By August 2014, Gunn had \"some ideas listed, but nothing for sure\" in terms of songs to include in Quill's \"Awesome Mix Vol. 2\" mixtape, for which he felt \"a little pressure\" due to the positive response to the first film's soundtrack. Gunn added, \"But", "id": "12263093" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nand Yondu, and they destroy the ship and its crew as they escape, but Taserface warns the Sovereign before dying. Ego, a god-like Celestial that manipulated the matter around its consciousness to form this \"home\" planet, explains that he projected a humanoid guise to travel the universe and discover a purpose, eventually falling in love with Quill's mother Meredith. Ego hired Yondu to collect the young Quill after Meredith's death, but the boy was never delivered, and Ego has been searching for him ever since", "id": "12263031" }, { "contents": "Laura Haddock\n\n\nLaura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in \"Honest\", Lucrezia in \"Da Vinci's Demons\", Meredith Quill in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and its sequel \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", Alison in \"The Inbetweeners Movie\" and Viviane Wembly in \"\". Haddock was born in Enfield, London, to a reflexologist mother and a financier father. She was raised in Harpenden, Hertfordshire, where she attended", "id": "2818225" }, { "contents": "Laura Haddock\n\n\nShe starred as Lucrezia Donati, the mistress of Lorenzo de' Medici and lover of Leonardo da Vinci in the 2013 series \"Da Vinci's Demons\". Haddock's theatre credits include \"Famous Last\", which formed part of the 2009 Sky Arts Theatre Live! project, and \"Rutherford & Son\" at Northern Stage. In 2014, she portrayed Meredith Quill in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", a role she reprised in its 2017 sequel \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". She appears in the", "id": "2818228" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nto access the Celestial power. Under Ego's influence, Quill helps him activate the seedlings, which begin to consume every world, but Quill fights back when Ego reveals that he gave Meredith the tumor that killed her due to the distraction she posed. Mantis, Ego's naïve empath servant, grows close to Drax and warns him of Ego's plan. Gamora and Nebula also learn of the plan as Rocket, Yondu, Groot, and Kraglin arrive. The reunited Guardians find Ego's brain at the planet's core,", "id": "12263033" }, { "contents": "Captain America: The First Avenger\n\n\nportray Meredith Quill in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", has a brief appearance as an autograph seeker. Writer and director of \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" James Gunn jokingly claimed that this was Peter Quill's grandmother. Stan Lee has a cameo appearance as a general. In April 1997, Marvel was in negotiations with Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn to produce \"Captain America\", and Larry Wilson and Leslie Bohem were set to write a script. In May 2000, Marvel teamed with Artisan Entertainment to help finance the film", "id": "3852980" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nand portrays Kraglin, Yondu's first mate in the Ravagers. Alexis Denisof reprises his role as Thanos's vizier, \"The Other\", from \"The Avengers\". Ophelia Lovibond plays Carina, the Collector's slave; Peter Serafinowicz plays Denarian Garthan Saal, a Nova Corps officer; Gregg Henry plays Quill's grandfather; Laura Haddock plays Quill's mother, Meredith; Melia Kreiling plays Bereet; Christopher Fairbank plays The Broker; Mikaela Hoover plays Nova Prime's assistant; Marama Corlett plays a pit boss at the bar,", "id": "11805934" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nAyesha creates a new artificial being with whom she plans to destroy the Guardians, naming him Adam; and a group of uninterested Watchers abandon their informant, who is discussing his experiences on Earth. Additionally, reprising their roles from the first film are Laura Haddock as Meredith Quill, Gregg Henry as her father, Seth Green as the voice of Howard the Duck, and canine actor Fred as Cosmo. Members of Yondu's Ravager crew appearing in the film include Evan Jones as Retch, Jimmy Urine as Half-Nut, Stephen", "id": "12263036" }, { "contents": "J'son (comics)\n\n\nof the Galaxy\" Vol. 3. For this reason, it is assumed that these are two difference characters, although no official explanation has been given for these continuity issues. J'son first appears in the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" episode \"Don't Stop Believing\", voiced by Jonathan Frakes. He is the Emperor of Spartax and the father of Peter Quill by Meredith Quill as well as being the father of Captain Victoria. In addition, he is a secret ally of Thanos. The episode \"Black Vortex\"", "id": "16551692" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\n2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, with many crew changes from the first film due to other commitments. Filming concluded in June 2016. James Gunn chose to set the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters' new roles as the Guardians, and to follow the storyline of Quill's father established throughout that previous film. Russell was confirmed as Quill's father in July 2016, portraying Ego, a departure from Quill's comic father. \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" premiered", "id": "12263026" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack)\n\n\nGuardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2: Awesome Mix Vol. 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on April 21, 2017. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date. \"Awesome", "id": "1086829" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nAwards. A sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\" is in development, with Gunn returning as writer and director. In 2014, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, Rocket, and Baby Groot are renowned as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Ayesha, leader of the Sovereign race, has the Guardians protect valuable batteries from an inter-dimensional monster in exchange for Gamora's estranged sister Nebula, who was caught attempting to steal the batteries. After Rocket steals the batteries for himself, the Sovereign attacks the", "id": "12263028" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nGuardians' ship with a fleet of drones. The drones are destroyed by a mysterious figure, and the Guardians crash-land on a nearby planet. There, this figure reveals himself as Quill's father, Ego, and invites Quill, Gamora, and Drax to his home planet. Rocket and Groot remain behind to repair the ship and guard Nebula. Meanwhile, Ayesha hires Yondu Udonta and his crew, who have been exiled from the greater Ravager community for child trafficking, to recapture the Guardians. They capture Rocket,", "id": "12263029" }, { "contents": "Chris Pratt\n\n\nPeter Quill / Star-Lord in the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" sequel \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", which was released in May 2017. The film focuses on Quill's and his team's search for his father. Pratt also portrayed the character in \"\", which was released in April 2018, and reprised the role in \"\", which was released on April 26, 2019. Additionally, Pratt reprised his role as Emmet in \"\" along with another character Rex Dangervest. In August", "id": "11176706" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe film actors\n\n\nand \"Avengers: Endgame\" (2019). Edward Norton headlined \"The Incredible Hulk\" (2008), playing Bruce Banner / Hulk, but did not reprise the role in the future films, being replaced by Mark Ruffalo for all subsequent films involving the character. Chris Pratt portrays the lead character, Peter Quill / Star-Lord, in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), and returns for its sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017), while Paul Rudd and", "id": "20894544" }, { "contents": "Wyatt Oleff\n\n\nWyatt Jess Oleff (born July 13, 2003) is an American actor known for playing Stanley Uris in the 2017 supernatural horror film \"It\" as well as its 2019 sequel. Both are directed by Andy Muschietti and based on the 1986 horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. Oleff also had a minor role in the Marvel Studios films \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", as the young Peter Quill. Oleff was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Doug", "id": "316508" }, { "contents": "J'son (comics)\n\n\nis forced to leave to return home and fight in a war. He leaves, not knowing Meredith is pregnant with Peter Quill. Years later, J'son is revealed to be the King of the Spartax planetary system. J'son joined other members of the Galactic Council to declare the Earth off-limits to extraterrestrial interaction. Once his son defended Earth from a Badoon attack, J'son sent Spartoi soldiers to capture him and his team called the Guardians of the Galaxy. However, the Guardians managed to escape and flee. In an attempt", "id": "16551682" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series\n\n\non board, Peter dies from his injuries, only to be brought back to life by the Forge. Not knowing what to do with it, they visit Yondu (Mark Barbolak), a former space-pirate and the man who raised Peter Quill after his mother's death, to help repair the ship. Whilst holding the Forge together, they share a vision where Meredith tells Peter to find her whilst Ancient Kree appears on the Forge. After finishing repairs on the ship, Gamora suggests that they find her adopted sister", "id": "3130241" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nas they come under attack from the Sovereign's drones. Rocket makes a bomb using the stolen batteries, which Groot plants on the brain. Quill fights Ego with his newfound Celestial powers to distract him long enough for the other Guardians and Mantis to escape. The bomb explodes, killing Ego and disintegrating the planet. Quill loses his Celestial powers soon after Ego's death. Yondu sacrifices himself to save Quill and dies in the vacuum of space. Meanwhile, Quill realizes that the reason Yondu kept him was to spare him from", "id": "12263034" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)\n\n\ndestroys her past self while convincing the 2014 Gamora to turn on Thanos. After Thanos is defeated, Thor abdicates as King of Asgard, appointing Valkyrie as his replacement, while deciding to travel with the Guardians, quipping they are now the \"Asgardians of the Galaxy\". Prior to leaving Earth, Quill attempts to locate the 2014 Gamora, who previously showed she has no emotional connection to him. A third film, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\", is in development. The Guardians of the Galaxy appears", "id": "10203781" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\n, uses it to disintegrate Ronan. In the aftermath, Quill tricks Yondu into taking a container supposedly containing the Stone, and gives the real Stone to the Nova Corps. As the Ravagers leave Xandar, Yondu remarks that it turned out well that they did not deliver Quill to his father per their contract. Quill's group, now known as the Guardians of the Galaxy, have their criminal records expunged, and Quill learns that he is only half-human, his father being part of an ancient, unknown species.", "id": "11805932" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack)\n\n\nMix Vol. 2\" was the United States' eighth best-selling album of 2017 with 600,000 copies.marvel id's. By August 2014, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" writer and director James Gunn had \"some ideas listed, but nothing for sure\" in terms of songs to include in Quill's \"Awesome Mix Vol. 2\" mixtape. In April 2015, Gunn said he felt \"a little pressure for the soundtrack because so many people loved [the first film's soundtrack] and we", "id": "1086830" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nKlementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell. In \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage. The film was officially announced at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International before the theatrical release of the first film, along with James Gunn's return from the first film, with the title of the sequel revealed a year later in June 2015. Principal photography began in February", "id": "12263025" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nthe titular Guardians, along with Lee Pace, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro. In \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial criminals who are on the run after stealing a powerful artifact. Perlman began working on the screenplay in 2009. Producer Kevin Feige first publicly mentioned \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" as a potential film in 2010 and Marvel Studios announced it was in active development at the San", "id": "11805922" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\n\", was released on May 5, 2017. A third film, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\", is in development. In 1988, following his mother's death, a young Peter Quill is abducted from Earth by the Ravagers, a group of alien thieves and smugglers led by Yondu Udonta. Twenty-six years later on the planet Morag, Quill steals a mysterious orb but is attacked by Korath, a subordinate to the fanatical Kree militant, Ronan. Although Quill escapes with the orb, Yondu", "id": "11805925" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films\n\n\nagainst new enemies. In July 2014, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" co-writer Nicole Perlman confirmed that Gunn would return to write and direct the sequel. Chris Pratt returns for the sequel as Peter Quill / Star-Lord, along with the other Guardians from the first film as well as additional cast members. They are joined by Pom Klementieff as Mantis, and Kurt Russell as Ego. In June 2015, the film's title was revealed as \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". Filming began in", "id": "10372498" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nbeing the only earthling is important. That serves the entire movie-going audience and not just the handful of Nova [and Carol Danvers] fans.\" Feige said exploring Quill's father \"would certainly be part of a next Guardians adventure\", adding \"I think there's a reason we seeded it at the very end of the [first] film like that.\" Gunn also stated that he wanted to make sure \"Yondu's place in everything made sense\" in regards to his relationship to Quill and his", "id": "12263053" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nthe film, with his role later revealed as Stakar Ogord. Gunn also introduced multiple actors who were playing Ravager characters, since the Ravagers have a larger presence in the film. On the decision to reveal Russell as Ego and Quill's father when he did, Gunn felt that since \"people were going to figure it out eventually [...] it was better that we took the reins in our own hands\" and make the reveal. Gunn also felt that this would move the focus of audiences from wanting to discover who", "id": "12263077" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nalso made it difficult to understand its humor.\" \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" was released on May 5, 2017, again written and directed by James Gunn. Pratt, Saldana, Bautista, Diesel, Cooper, Rooker, Gillan, and Sean Gunn all reprise their roles in the film, and are joined by Pom Klementieff as Mantis, Elizabeth Debicki as Ayesha, Chris Sullivan as Taserface, and Kurt Russell as Quill's father Ego. In April 2017, Gunn announced he would return to write and", "id": "11806015" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nthe sequel, along with other supporting characters, and the release date was moved up to May 5, 2017. In the following months, Michael Rooker said he would return as Yondu, and was looking forward to exploring new areas of the character. Chris Pratt, who played Peter Quill/Star-Lord in the first film, confirmed the sequel would be one of his next projects. Bradley Cooper expressed interest and excitement when asked if he would return as Rocket. Vin Diesel also confirmed he would return as Groot.", "id": "12263046" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)\n\n\nGuardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on July 29, 2014. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date, along with a deluxe version featuring both albums. The soundtrack", "id": "9643812" }, { "contents": "Star-Lord\n\n\n), and \"\" (2019). Wyatt Oleff portrays a young Peter Quill in the first two \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" films. Pratt will return to play the character in \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3.\" The character first appeared in the black-and-white magazine publication \"Marvel Preview\" #4 (Jan 1976). Creator Steve Englehart had plans for the character that went unrealized. He later reflected on his website: Star-Lord continued to appear in \"Marvel Preview\"", "id": "17516940" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nopening sequence includes CGI and digital doubles, with three moments (Quill falling on the ground near Baby Groot, Gamora talking to Baby Groot, and Drax rolling behind Baby Groot) consisting of actual photography. As with the first film, Sarofsky created the typography for the opening, using the same style from \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" for consistency, \"this time in rusty gold and glowing blue neon\". Executive Creative Director Erin Sarofsky noted the challenge of placing the credits while the sequence was being refined by Framestore.", "id": "12263085" }, { "contents": "Hala the Accuser\n\n\nsacrificed herself to confront Hala the Accuser, she bought the rest of the Guardians of the Galaxy time for them to get away and rescue Peter Quill. Upon realizing that Peter Quill is no longer in her grasp, Hala the Accuser continued beating up Gamora in order to get the information on what she did with him. In the nick of time, the rest of the Guardians of the Galaxy arrived in an attempt to talk Hala the Accuser out of destroying Spartax. When Hala doesn't give in to their plea, Kitty", "id": "3611137" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\ndown the role of \"the villain\" in the film, in favor of \"The Dark Tower\" (2017). McConaughey felt he would have been \"an amendment\" in \"Vol. 2\" in \"a colorful part [made] for another big-name actor.\" In December, Gunn said that he was corresponding with John C. Reilly about him reprising his role as Nova Corpsman Rhomann Dey, while Kurt Russell entered early talks to play Quill's father. After the death of David Bowie in January", "id": "12263062" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nassociation with Thanos and Ronan, who killed his family. Quill convinces Drax that Gamora can bring Ronan to him, though Gamora reveals that she has betrayed Ronan, unwilling to let him use the orb's power. Learning that Gamora has a buyer for the orb, Quill, Rocket, Groot, and Drax work with her to escape the Kyln in Quill's ship, the \"Milano\". Ronan meets with Gamora's adoptive father, Thanos, to discuss her betrayal. Quill's group flee to Knowhere, a remote", "id": "11805927" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nfor \"Vol. 2\" took place in Cartersville, Georgia, a state park north of Portland, Oregon, and in St. Charles, Missouri. The Georgia International Convention Center served as additional soundstage space after pre-production on \"\" (2017) began at several Pinewood Atlanta soundstages. Principal photography wrapped on June 16, 2016. At San Diego Comic-Con 2016, Russell and Debicki were revealed to be playing Ego, Quill's father, and Ayesha, respectively. Sylvester Stallone was also revealed to be in", "id": "12263076" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\ndiscovered \"Come and Get Your Love\", the song used in the sequence, Gunn felt it was a \"better fit.\" Three albums were released by Hollywood Records on July 29, 2014: The film's score, \"Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score)\", which features the music composed by Bates for the film; \"Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\", which comprises the twelve songs from Quill's mixtape; and a deluxe edition featuring", "id": "11805977" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\n. He teaches Quill to manipulate the Celestial power. Nebula arrives at Ego's planet and tries to kill Gamora, but the pair reach an uneasy alliance when they discover a cavern filled with skeletal remains. Ego reveals to Quill that in his travels, he planted seedlings on thousands of worlds that can terraform into new extensions of himself, but they can only be activated by the power of two Celestials. To that end, he impregnated countless women and hired Yondu to collect the children, but killed them all when they failed", "id": "12263032" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nThe Boot; Emmett J. Scanlan plays a Nova riot guard; Alexis Rodney plays Moloka Dar; Tom Proctor plays Horuz, a Ravager; and Spencer Wilding plays a prison guard who confiscates Quill's Walkman. Canine actor Fred appears as Cosmo. Stephen Blackehart had a supporting role. Naomi Ryan also had a supporting role in the film, though it was cut in the final version. Cameos in the film include: James Gunn as a Sakaaran; Stan Lee as a Xandarian Ladies' Man; Lloyd Kaufman as an inmate;", "id": "11805935" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nteam are the CG characters Krugarr and Mainframe, with the latter voiced, in an uncredited cameo, by Miley Cyrus. Rosenbaum had previously auditioned to play Peter Quill in \"Vol. 1\". Gunn cast Yeoh because of his love of 1990s Hong Kong films, and Cyrus after admiring \"the tone of her voice\" while watching her as a judge on \"The Voice\". He added that the team would return in future MCU films alongside Stallone's Stakar. Stan Lee appears as an informant to the Watchers,", "id": "12263038" }, { "contents": "Vance Astro\n\n\nthe new Guardians of the Galaxy team leader Star-Lord. Astro confirms his identity to the band of aliens and later converses with Mantis at the Guardians' home base, Knowhere. Mantis confirms to Star-Lord that Astro has been temporally displaced. The Guardians are then attacked by the Cardinals of the Universal Church of Truth. Vance later joins this incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy and helps to rescue Peter Quill from Blastaar. He later joins Rocket Raccoon's team on their mission to stop the War of Kings.", "id": "4994870" }, { "contents": "Troll doll\n\n\n1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", in the 1999 sequel \"Toy Story 2\" and in the 2010 sequel \"Toy Story 3\". Another appearance was made by a Troll doll in Marvel Studios 2014 production of \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", where it appears as a relic from Peter Quill's childhood and later is substituted for the infinity stone. The 2005 DIC Entertainment range included an animated series called \"Trollz\". The series stars five trolls who live in a magical world of ogres,", "id": "2338448" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack)\n\n\nInferno\" is an original song for the film, co-written by Gunn and score composer Tyler Bates, \"meant as a sort of \"Guardians\" take on Meco's disco \"Star Wars\" theme [\"Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band\"].\" David Hasselhoff was chosen as the vocalist because he is one of Peter Quill's childhood heroes, and Gunn was a fan of Hasselhoff when he starred on \"Knight Rider\". Edgar Wright, director of \"Baby Driver\", consulted with Gunn before", "id": "1086838" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nGuardians\" is because it's fresh and different, so the second one will be fresh and different from the first one.\" Before starting on the script, Gunn hoped to further explore Drax, Nebula, Kraglin, and the Collector, and expand on Xandarian, Kree, Krylorian, and Ravager culture. He also hoped to introduce more female characters in the sequel, though wanted to avoid including \"earthlings\" such as Carol Danvers, as well as Novas Richard Rider or Sam Alexander, saying, \"I think Quill", "id": "12263052" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\ndestroy the galaxy. On Ronan's flagship, the \"Dark Aster\", Ronan embeds the Stone in his warhammer, taking its power for himself. He contacts Thanos, threatening to kill him after first destroying Xandar; hateful of her adoptive father, Nebula allies with Ronan. The Ravagers and Quill's group join with the Nova Corps to confront the \"Dark Aster\" at Xandar, with Quill's group breaching the \"Dark Aster\" with the \"Milano\". Ronan uses his empowered warhammer to destroy the Nova Corps", "id": "11805930" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!\n\n\nlift while Rocket rides on top to blow up the generator so that the Guardians, as well as the other creatures in the collection, can escape. The Guardians will then reunite with Mantis who will arrive with their ship so that they can make a quick getaway. On his way out of the Collector's office, Rocket grabs Quill's walkman. Ride After guests are seated in the gantry lift, the Collector tells the riders that \"this is the moment you've been waiting for.\" However, Rocket unplugs the", "id": "5445245" }, { "contents": "J'son (comics)\n\n\n\"Marvel Preview\" #11 Jason, but from earlier in time. After 2004 when Peter Quill was introduced into the Earth-616 continuity, the problems that were caused by Quill's presence in the then present-day Marvel Universe were never officially explained by Marvel Comics. In 2013, King J'son of Spartax was introduced in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" Vol. 3 #0.1. As reimagined by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Steve McNiven, this character is definitively identified as being the father of the Star-Lord who", "id": "16551680" }, { "contents": "Cheers\n\n\ncrossover reference to \"\" (a Cheers bartender has a cameo appearance as an unspeaking extra). In \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", Peter Quill makes numerous references to the show \"Cheers.\" In the season 2 finale of the NBC sitcom \"The Good Place\", Ted Danson's character Michael appears as a bartender while wearing a blue plaid button-down, in a clear homage to Danson's character in \"Cheers\". In \"A Night at the Roxbury\", Dan Hedaya's", "id": "6127600" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nfleet. Drax kills Korath and Gamora defeats Nebula, who escapes, but the group find themselves outmatched by Ronan's power until Rocket crashes a Ravager ship through the \"Dark Aster\". The damaged \"Dark Aster\" crash-lands on Xandar, with Groot sacrificing himself to shield the group. Ronan emerges from the wreck and prepares to destroy Xandar, but Quill distracts him, allowing Drax and Rocket to destroy Ronan's warhammer. Quill grabs the freed Stone, and with Gamora, Drax, and Rocket sharing its burden", "id": "11805931" }, { "contents": "Kitty Pryde\n\n\nfor her future self's crimes. Kitty and the time-displaced X-Men team up with the Guardians of the Galaxy and succeed in rescuing Jean from the Shiar. At the conclusion of the storyline, Kitty begins a long-distance, flirtatious relationship with Starlord, Peter Quill. In the following weeks, Kitty's relationship with Peter Quill evolves more and more as they developed stronger feelings for each other everyday. At one point, Quill gets captured during one of their dates and she has no option but to go", "id": "13640796" }, { "contents": "Gamora\n\n\nInfinity Watch. The character played a role in the 2007 crossover comic book event \"\", and became a member of the titular team in its spin-off comic, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". Gamora has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise. Zoe Saldana plays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017), \"\" (2018), and \"\" (2019). The", "id": "14037729" }, { "contents": "Karen Gillan\n\n\nKaren Sheila Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress and filmmaker. She played Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One series \"Doctor Who\" (2010–2013). She received international recognition for playing Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017), \"\" (2018) and \"\" (2019) as well as for her starring role in \"\" (2017)", "id": "1850346" }, { "contents": "Gamora\n\n\n, Gamora costarred in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 2 #1-25 (2008-2010). She played a minor role in \"The Thanos Imperative\" #1-6 (2010). The character, along with the other Guardians, appears in \"Avengers Assemble\" issues #4-8 (2012). She stars in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 3, a part of the Marvel NOW! relaunch, and in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 4.", "id": "14037732" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nGamora's adoptive sister Nebula. Nebula destroys Gamora's ship, leaving her floating in space, and Ronan's fighters capture the orb. Quill contacts Yondu before following Gamora into space, giving her his helmet to survive; Yondu arrives and retrieves the pair. Rocket, Drax, and Groot threaten to attack Yondu's ship to rescue them, but Quill negotiates a truce, promising the orb to Yondu. Quill's group agrees that facing Ronan means certain death, but that they cannot let him use the Infinity Stone to", "id": "11805929" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)\n\n\nsuccess of the film adaptation, spinoff books were also created as solo titles featuring Star-Lord, Rocket Raccoon, and Groot. \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" was relaunched as part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel initiative with Brian Michael Bendis and Valerio Schiti returning as writer and artist respectively. The series sees Peter Quill and Gamora leaving the team, and Rocket becoming the new team's self-appointed leader, also two new characters were added to the team. Kitty Pryde (taking up the mantle", "id": "10203760" }, { "contents": "Hala the Accuser\n\n\nAccuser's Universal Weapon enabling her to regain conscious and gain the upper hand against the Guardians of the Galaxy. She then placed Emperor Peter Quill in an escape pod so that he can watch Hala the Accuser destroy Spartax as she also plans to do the same thing to Earth as part of her revenge on his part for the near-genocide of the Kree. As Hala the Accuser continued wreaking havoc on Spartax, she defeats the Spartax Royal Guards before she realized that the Guardians of the Galaxy retreated and regrouped. As Gamora", "id": "3611136" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\n, the largest ever for the country. On May 4, 2017, 550 theaters in the United States had a special RealD \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" double feature event before preview screenings of \"Vol. 2\". Guests who attended received an exclusive mini poster and a set of souvenir collectible buttons. \"Vol. 2\" was originally intended to be released on July 28, 2017. \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on August 8,", "id": "12263105" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nfilm. Prop master Russell Bobbitt had difficulty finding the cassette decks that had been used in the first film, and all of the Sony Walkman headsets they sourced for the sequel were broken. Sony also did not have any headsets available for filming, while three pairs Bobbitt found on eBay cost around $1,800 and were not the exact model. Bobbitt eventually created six from scratch for \"Vol. 2\". Other props he created for the film included two sets of blasters for Quill, with removable blaster cartridges, and \"", "id": "12263064" }, { "contents": "Emmet Brickowski\n\n\nwants to have a bright future with Lucy, but Lucy disagrees due to the fact that everything is rather bleak than awesome. After Lucy and his friends are abducted by General Sweet Mayhem (Stephanie Beatriz) of the Systar System galaxy, under the orders of shape-shifter Queen Watevra Wa'Nabi (Tiffany Haddish), he meets Rex Dangervest (Radical Emmet Xtreme), a galaxy defending (referencing Peter Quill from \"Guardians of the Galaxy\") archaeologist (in turn to the speculation that Chris Pratt was to be the next", "id": "17552211" }, { "contents": "Sam and Diane\n\n\n, the taxicab ride scene of regular character Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and recurring character Abby (Britney Spears) includes a homage to the Sam and Diane's office scene from \"Showdown\", which includes lines, like \"Are you as turned on right now as I am?\" and \"More!\" In Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Peter Quill (Chris Pratt) compares his relationship with Gamora (Zoe Saldana) to the relationship of Sam and Diane while dancing to Sam Cooke's \"", "id": "10466166" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nclarify for fans that the character would not be seen in either of the Avengers films. After the film's announcement, Gunn said he knew \"a lot of where I want to go [in the sequel]\", having written the backstory of Peter Quill, his father, and his history with Yondu during the making of the first film with the intention of exploring them in a future film. Gunn wanted to give the sequel a different structure from the first film, since \"one of the reasons people like \"", "id": "12263051" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nQuill's father is to \"the story and the relationship that these characters have\". In August 2016, Gunn confirmed the film would feature a post-credits scene, later stating there would be five in total, with four mid-credits scenes and one post-credits. Gunn also planned a sixth scene, where the Ravager Gef is found \"mortally wounded\" on the ship, but \"it ended up being a little confusing.\" In November, Gillan revealed that the film was undergoing reshoots. That February", "id": "12263078" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)\n\n\nhelp the Avengers identify a suitable point in history to retrieve them. As Rocket and Thor recover the Realty Stone in 2013, Nebula unintentionally calls the attention of the past versions of herself and Thanos to her existence while helping James Rhodes recover the Power Stone from Quill in 2014. After Thanos's forces analyse Nebula's memories via her cybernetic implants, Nebula is replaced with her past self, who arranges to transport Thanos and his forces into the present as the Avengers restore everyone Thanos erased. Nebula becomes an official Guardian as she", "id": "10203780" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nfather, and also revealed Quill's father would not be J'son as in the comics. Gunn \"was less confident [Marvel] was going to buy in on Baby Groot than\" including Ego, since \"adult Groot was the most popular character from the first film and I didn't think they'd want to risk a good thing.\" However, by changing Groot, Gunn felt it \"opened the film up\" creatively, allowing Gunn to bring out \"new aspects of our other characters.\" Gunn said Thanos", "id": "12263054" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nestablishment on the \"pleasure planet\" of Contraxia, which Chambliss wanted to feel like it had been put together from \"a whole yard of repurposed junk where old spaceships are cast away and industrial materials that aren't of use anymore are just left to rot\", creating a \"kind of neon jungle in its own way and covered in ice and snow.\" Interiors for other ships were also constructed, to limit the amount of blue screen the actors had to interact with; this includes the cockpit of Quill's ship", "id": "12263070" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series\n\n\nGuardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series is an episodic graphic adventure video game series developed and published by Telltale Games. Based on Marvel Comics' \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" comic book series, the game's first episode was released in April 18, 2017. The plot centers on the Guardians finding an artifact of great power, called the 'Eternity Forge' that each individually covets, but must protect it from the malicious Kree Hala the Accuser who wants it for herself. \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" plays similar", "id": "3130231" }, { "contents": "Starhawk (comics)\n\n\nOne Who Knows\". He made many enemies in doing so, but his tampering and guidance also led to the formation of the Guardians of the Galaxy in the 31st Century. Sylvester Stallone played Stakar in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017). A character called Starhawk appeared in an advertisement on the last page of \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #20 (May, 1969) as the feature that would appear in the next issue. That next issue, though,", "id": "3579414" }, { "contents": "Groot\n\n\nits spin-off series, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", joining the team of the same name. Groot has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise, including animated television series, toys and trading cards. Vin Diesel voices Groot in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017), \"\" (2018), and \"\" (2019), while Krystian Godlewski played the character via performance capture in the", "id": "21834251" }, { "contents": "Bereet\n\n\n,\" Star Eyes, and \"Web-Spider.\" Bereet demonstrated a number of other techno-art creations in her movie, but it is unrevealed if she used any or all of these in the 616 reality. Melia Kreiling plays Bereet in the 2014 Marvel Studios film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". After Peter Quill retrieves an orb on the planet Morag, he discovers Bereet is still in his ship, apparently from a brief fling. He later drops her off on Xandar while he attempts to sell the orb", "id": "4853943" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series\n\n\nthe Guardians receive a call from the Nova Corps asking them to help defeat Thanos (Jake Hart). After being shot down by the mad titan's ship, they arrive at a Kree outpost where they find him in the lower section of the building, the Nova Corps having been killed during the battle. In the lower section of the building, Thanos finds an artifact called the Eternity Forge and claims it for his own. The Guardians engage him in battle, ending with Star-Lord/Peter Quill (Scott Porter", "id": "3130238" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nEclector\" was handled by Weta Digital. Weta Digital also handled Ego during his fight with Quill, utilizing a digital double of Russell for many of their shots. Weta also needed to create a digital double for David Hasselhoff for the moment when Ego shifts into Hasselhoff's guise. Guy Williams, Weta's visual effects supervisor, said, \"We tried morphing to a live-action Hoff—but it did not hold up as well. The Kurt version looked better than the Hoff version ... and while we had built a", "id": "12263087" }, { "contents": "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)\n\n\n2016 film \"\". The song is one of six songs Rocket Raccoon plays off of Peter Quill's Walkman when breaking the Guardians of the Galaxy out of the Collector's Fortress () at Disney California Adventure. The phrase \"turn those mothers out\" is sung repeatedly in the bridge to the 1990 song \"Flovilla Thatch vs. The Virile Garbageman\" by American ska-funk rock band the Cherry Poppin' Daddies. This was an intentional homage to Parliament. In 1991, Ecuadorian musician Gerardo Mejía sampled the chorus for \"", "id": "11675169" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nDiego Comic-Con International in July 2012. Gunn was hired to write and direct the film that September. In February 2013, Pratt was hired to play Peter Quill / Star-Lord, and the supporting cast members were subsequently confirmed. Principal photography began in July 2013 at Shepperton Studios in England, with filming continuing in London before wrapping up in October 2013. Post-production was finished on July 7, 2014. The film premiered in Hollywood on July 21, 2014, and was released in the United States on", "id": "11805923" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)\n\n\nThe Guardians of the Galaxy must find and destroy the Cosmic Seed before it can wind up in the hands of Thanos, his minions Ronan the Accuser, Nebula, Korath the Pursuer, and his ally J'son (who is Star-Lord's long-lost father), the Ravagers led by Yondu, and anyone else who would abuse its power to threaten the entire universe. Marvel Entertainment announced on their Twitter feed that the Avengers will team up with the Guardians of the Galaxy in Season 2 for an episode where they fight", "id": "2760502" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!\n\n\nsystem and inserts Quill's walkman starting one of the songs listed above. The lift quickly rises up to the generator room where Rocket blows it up, opening the cages and freeing the team, but also cutting the power to the gantry lift. Rocket tries to regain control as the lift accelerates up and down, and guests see the Guardians entangled in various situations, as well as getting a brief view of Disneyland. Rocket finally restores power and the lift drops down to show the Guardians reunited along with Mantis and Cosmo the", "id": "5445246" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nbut when Yondu hesitates to turn over Quill, whom he raised, his assistant Kraglin questions his objectivity, and his lieutenant Taserface leads a mutiny with help from Nebula. Taserface imprisons Rocket and Yondu aboard the latter's ship, and executes his loyalists by releasing them into space. Nebula leaves to find and kill Gamora, whom she blames for the torture inflicted on her by their father, Thanos. While imprisoned, Rocket and Yondu bond. Groot and Kraglin, the latter having never intended to start the mutiny, free Rocket", "id": "12263030" }, { "contents": "Chris Pratt\n\n\nMarvel Studios' \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", which grossed $773.3 million. Pratt had initially turned down the role of Peter Quill in 2013, explaining that he did not \"want another Captain Kirk or \"Avatar\" moment\" (after humbling auditions for both). The film's casting director, Sarah Finn, suggested Pratt to director James Gunn, who had struggled to cast that role and dismissed the idea. Despite this, Finn arranged for a meeting between the two, at which point Gunn was convinced that", "id": "11176701" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\n'70s were \"cultural reference points\", saying, \"It's striking the balance throughout the whole movie, through something that is very unique, but also something that is easily accessible to people at the same time. The music and the Earth stuff is one of those touchstones that we have to remind us that, yeah, [Quill] is a real person from planet Earth who's just like you and me. Except that he's in this big outer space adventure.\" When choosing the songs, Gunn", "id": "11805974" }, { "contents": "Rocket Raccoon\n\n\nhe has a case of obsessive compulsive disorder. Rocket's trademark rocket skates are absent. Rocket joins the new Guardians of the Galaxy at the behest of his friend Star-Lord. It is he who suggests that the team adopt that moniker after hearing it mentioned by Major Victory. Later, when the team almost disbands and Peter Quill (Star-Lord) disappears (sent into the Negative Zone by Ronan), Rocket keeps the team alive, and brings in Groot as member, as they had become firm friends.", "id": "18693784" }, { "contents": "Mantis (Marvel Comics)\n\n\nAvengers Disassembled\" storyline, although many occurrences in that storyline are illusions. Mantis appears in the 2007 miniseries \"Annihilation Conquest: Star-Lord\", where she is shown as a Kree prisoner who volunteers for a mission led by Peter Quill, a.k.a. Star-Lord. After the defeat of Ultron and the Phalanx, Mantis takes up residence on the Knowhere station with the rest of the Guardians of the Galaxy. She has assumed the role of counselor for the group, using her knowledge of the mind to maintain a", "id": "2238226" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)\n\n\nconnected to the Earth, home and family he lost. In May 2014, Gunn added that using the songs from the 60s and 70s were \"cultural reference points\", saying, \"It's striking the balance throughout the whole movie, through something that is very unique, but also something that is easily accessible to people at the same time. The music and the Earth stuff is one of those touchstones that we have to remind us that, yeah, [Quill] is a real person from planet Earth who's", "id": "9643815" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!\n\n\n. It is revealed through their banter that the Guardians, specifically Peter Quill, were tricked into coming to visit as they thought they too were going to be given a tour of the facility. The Collector has their glass cases electrified so that the team cannot escape, yet Rocket is still determined to get out (and later, it is revealed that he managed to escape his case). The Collector reveals to the guests that they can access the facility once their biological signs are scanned into the system and then all", "id": "5445243" }, { "contents": "Star-Lord\n\n\nStar-Lord (Peter Jason Quill) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character, created by Steve Englehart and Steve Gan, first appeared in \"Marvel Preview\" #4 (January 1976). The son of human Meredith Quill and Spartoi J'son, Peter Quill assumes the mantle of Star-Lord, an interplanetary policeman. The character played prominent roles in the comic book storylines \"Annihilation\" (2006) and \"\" (2007), \"War of Kings\" (", "id": "17516938" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nGuardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom", "id": "12263024" }, { "contents": "Timothy Williams (composer)\n\n\nGuardians of the Galaxy\", \"Conan the Barbarian\", \"300\", \"Watchmen\", \"Super\", \"Sucker Punch\", \"Doomsday\", \"Shark Night 3D\", and \"Brightburn\". In addition to orchestrating and conducting all the above, Williams also orchestrated and/or conducted the scores to \"Deadpool 2\", \"The Spy Who Dumped Me\", \"Christopher Robin\", \"Hidden Figures\", \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", \"It\", \"", "id": "14510334" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nNovember, Joel Edgerton, Jack Huston, Jim Sturgess, and Eddie Redmayne signed deals to test for the role of Peter Quill, as did Lee Pace, which he confirmed a week later in early December. Other actors who were considered for the role included \"\"s Zachary Levi, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Michael Rosenbaum, and John Gallagher Jr. Chris Pratt was cast in the role in February 2013, as part of a multi-film deal that he signed with Marvel. In January 2013, filming was scheduled to", "id": "11805945" }, { "contents": "Avengers: Infinity War\n\n\nWakanda, which he believes has the resources to remove the Stone without destroying Vision. The Guardians of the Galaxy respond to a distress call from the Asgardian ship and rescue Thor, who surmises that Thanos is currently going after the Reality Stone, which is in the possession of the Collector on Knowhere. Rocket and Groot accompany Thor to Nidavellir, where they and Eitri create Stormbreaker, a battle-axe capable of killing Thanos. On Knowhere, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, and Mantis find Thanos with the Reality Stone already", "id": "5565098" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\n.\" For \"The Atlantic\", Christopher Orr felt the film did not live up to the original, particularly due to its heavier themes and feeling that Russell was \"badly miscast\", but the rest of the cast, soundtrack, and humor were enough for him to give an overall positive review. At \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Todd McCarthy said \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" plays like a second ride on a roller-coaster that was a real kick the first time around but feels", "id": "12263124" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\n\n\nJune 2, 2015, Gunn announced on social media that he had completed the first draft of the screenplay, and that the film's title would not simply be \"Guardians of the Galaxy 2\". The same week, he confirmed the return of Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, and Cooper as Gamora, Drax, and Rocket, respectively. At the end of the month, Gunn announced the film would be titled \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", saying he \"came up with a LOT of titles", "id": "12263059" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (New Guard)\n\n\nwriter and artist respectively. The series sees Peter Quill and Gamora leaving the team, and Rocket becoming the new team's self-appointed leader, also two new characters were added to the team. Kitty Pryde (taking up the mantle of Star-Lord) and the Thing. As a part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel initiative, all the cast of the movie Guardians will get their own solo series. Star-Lord will continue as a solo series written by Sam Humphries, while Rocket Raccoon", "id": "13680566" }, { "contents": "Yondu\n\n\n, great, great grandfather of the Yondu in the original Guardians of the Galaxy and Guardians 3000.\" On this Earth, Yondu is the leader of The Ravagers, a group of Space Pirates. Yondu finds Peter Quill when his ship malfunctions and strands him on Earth. The Ravagers rescue him as Peter tries to steal his ship, managing to outsmart every member of the crew and capturing Yondu. After Yondu frees himself from his restraints and attacks Peter, he gives him a choice between letting himself be released into space without", "id": "17488719" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!\n\n\nSpacedog. Quill and Gamora thank the guests, but as the lift resets itself, Drax is heard asking why they are thanking them as all the guests did was sit through the whole ordeal and did not actually do any fighting. As guests leave the gantry lift and exit down a corridor, the sounds of the escaping creatures can be heard. The Collector can be heard over the intercom, upset over the loss of the Guardians and his creatures. Howard the Duck can also occasionally be heard, mocking the Collector's misfortune", "id": "5445247" }, { "contents": "Martinex\n\n\nMartinex T'Naga is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as being from an alternate future version of Marvel's shared universe, the Marvel Universe. Most of Martinex's adventures take place as a member of the 31st century Guardians of the Galaxy. Michael Rosenbaum played Martinex in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017). Martinex first appeared in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (January 1969) as part of the Guardians", "id": "177386" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\n\n\nQuill finally opens the last present he received from his mother: a cassette tape filled with her favorite songs. The Guardians leave in the rebuilt \"Milano\" along with a sapling cut from Groot, which grows into a baby version of him. In a post-credits scene, Tivan sits in his destroyed archive with two of his living exhibits: a canine cosmonaut and an anthropomorphic duck. Additionally, Josh Brolin appears, uncredited, as Thanos through voice acting and performance capture. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos during filming", "id": "11805933" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\nThe Living Legend and Symbol of Courage, features a meet and greet experience. From May to September 2017, Disneyland Resort featured the \"Summer of Heroes\", which sees members of the Guardians and Avengers making appearances throughout the Disneyland Resort. Additionally, the Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Dance Off event was featured, which involved Peter Quill / Star-Lord blasting music from his boombox, along with the Avengers Training Initiative, a limited experience where Black Widow and Hawkeye \"assemble a group of young recruits to see if", "id": "9769339" }, { "contents": "J'son (comics)\n\n\nto finally get rid of the Guardians and make his son join him, all of the Guardians were separately dealt with by the Spartoi and its allies. However, they didn't count with the Guardians' ally Captain Marvel, who saved Peter Quill from J'son and the Spartoi Empire. As he was escaping, Quill discredited J'son to the whole empire revealing him as a heartless murderer. The entire Spartoi Empire rebelled against J'son, who was forced to flee. With no longer an empire or fortune as seen in \"The Black", "id": "16551683" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Debicki\n\n\nDebicki plays the lead in an eight-hour television series, \"The Kettering Incident\", and a supporting role, Jed, in the miniseries \"The Night Manager\". She was then cast in the film \"The Tale\". In May 2017 she portrayed the role of Ayesha, the leader of the Sovereign people in the Marvel Studios film \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". She will return for its sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\". Debicki also appeared in the film", "id": "12332335" }, { "contents": "Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)\n\n\n\" by Glen Campbell and \"Mama Told Me (Not to Come)\" by Three Dog Night were originally considered for the film instead of \"Moonage Daydream\". \"Fox on the Run\" by Sweet and \"Surrender\" by Cheap Trick were also considered for the film. Both would be used for \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"s \"Awesome Mix Vol. 2\". By August 2014, \"Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1\" had reached the top of the \"Billboard\"", "id": "9643817" }, { "contents": "Star-Lord\n\n\n, was written by Timothy Zahn, with art by Dan Lawlis. Whether the events depicted in this miniseries fit into Peter Quill's chronology has never been revealed. Star-Lord's adventures in \"Marvel Preview\" #4 and #11 have been officially designated as occurring in an alternate past. In these issues, Peter Quill is born during an unusual astronomical phenomenon when many of the planets align. Seeing no resemblance, the man who believed he was Quill's father accuses his wife Meredith of infidelity and attempts to kill", "id": "17516975" } ]

[ { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nbasement membrane that separates it from the underlying connective tissue. In general, it is found where absorption and filtration occur. The thinness of the epithelial barrier facilitates these processes. In general, simple epithelial tissues are classified by the shape of their cells. The four major classes of simple epithelium are: (1) simple squamous; (2) simple cuboidal; (3) simple columnar; (4) pseudostratified. Stratified epithelium differs from simple epithelium in that it is multilayered. It is therefore found where body linings have", "id": "7261017" }, { "contents": "Simple squamous epithelium\n\n\nA simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nuclei. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This", "id": "14968011" }, { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nEpithelium () is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cell: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal. These can be arranged in a single layer of cells as simple epithelium, either squamous, columnar", "id": "7261013" }, { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nof the rectum are composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Other surfaces that separate body cavities from the outside environment are lined by simple squamous, columnar, or pseudostratified epithelial cells. Other epithelial cells line the insides of the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive and urinary tracts, and make up the exocrine and endocrine glands. The outer surface of the cornea is covered with fast-growing, easily regenerated epithelial cells. A specialised form of epithelium, endothelium, forms the inner lining of blood vessels and the heart,", "id": "7261020" }, { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nthe underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane. Cell junctions are well employed in epithelial tissues. In general, epithelial tissues are classified by the number of their layers and by the shape and function of the cells. The three principal shapes associated with epithelial cells are—squamous, cuboidal and columnar. By layer, epithelium is classed as either simple epithelium, only one cell thick (unilayered) or stratified epithelium having two or more cells in thickness or multi-layered – as stratified squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium,", "id": "7261015" }, { "contents": "Anatomical terms of microanatomy\n\n\nstratified squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, and stratified columnar epithelium that are two or more cells thick (multi-layered), and both types of layering can be made up of any of the cell shapes. However, when taller simple columnar epithelial cells are viewed in cross section showing several nuclei appearing at different heights, they can be confused with stratified epithelia. This kind of epithelium is therefore described as pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Transitional epithelium has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension", "id": "457827" }, { "contents": "Squamous metaplasia\n\n\nSquamous metaplasia is a benign non-cancerous change (metaplasia) of surfacing lining cells (epithelium) to a squamous morphology. Common sites for squamous metaplasia include the bladder and cervix. Smokers often exhibit squamous metaplasia in the linings of their airways. These changes don't signify a specific disease, but rather usually represent the body's response to stress or irritation. Vitamin A deficiency or overdose can also lead to squamous metaplasia. In regard to the cervix, squamous metaplasia can sometimes be found in the endocervix, as it is", "id": "18841181" }, { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nand stratified columnar epithelium, and both types of layering can be made up of any of the cell shapes. However, when taller simple columnar epithelial cells are viewed in cross section showing several nuclei appearing at different heights, they can be confused with stratified epithelia. This kind of epithelium is therefore described as pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Transitional epithelium has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium. Simple epithelium is a single layer of cells with every cell in direct contact with the", "id": "7261016" }, { "contents": "Anatomical terms of microanatomy\n\n\nthe vessel wall. It is a thin layer of simple, or single-layered, squamous cells called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells, whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Epithelium can be arranged in a single layer of cells described as \"simple\", or more than one layer, described as \"stratified\". By layer, epithelium is classed as either simple epithelium, only one cell thick (unilayered) or stratified epithelium as", "id": "457826" }, { "contents": "Lymphatic vessel\n\n\nnodes and eventually to either the right lymphatic duct or the largest lymph vessel in the body, the thoracic duct. These vessels drain into the right and left subclavian veins, respectively.The lymphatic vessels contain valves. The general structure of lymphatics is based on that of blood vessels. There is an inner lining of single flattened epithelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) composed of a type of epithelium that is called endothelium, and the cells are called \"endothelial cells\". This layer functions to mechanically transport fluid and since the", "id": "4403708" }, { "contents": "Renal corpuscle\n\n\nblood flow by their contractile activity and secrete extracellular matrix, prostaglandins, and cytokines. Mesangial cells also have phagocytic activity, removing proteins and other molecules trapped in the glomerular basement membrane or filtration barrier. The Bowman's capsule has an outer parietal layer composed of simple squamous epithelium. The visceral layer, composed of modified simple squamous epithelium, is lined by podocytes. Podocytes have foot processes, pedicels, that wrap around glomerular capillaries. These pedicels interdigitate with pedicels of adjacent podocytes forming filtration slits. There are two poles in the", "id": "3517144" }, { "contents": "Descending limb of loop of Henle\n\n\nthe descending limb. The epithelium of the Thick segment is low simple cuboidal epithelium. The epithelium of the Thin segment is simple squamous. They can be distinguished from the vasa recta by the absence of blood, and they can be distinguished from the thick ascending limb by the thickness of the epithelium. Like the ascending limb, the descending limb has thick and thin portions. However, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure. The thick descending limb", "id": "1315218" }, { "contents": "Vagina\n\n\nof glycogen compared to other epithelial tissue in the body. Under the influence of maternal estrogen, the vagina of a newborn is lined by thick stratified squamous epithelium (or mucosa) for two to four weeks after birth. Between then to puberty, the epithelium remains thin with only a few layers of cuboidal cells without glycogen. The epithelium also has few rugae and is red in color before puberty. When puberty begins, the mucosa thickens and again becomes stratified squamous epithelium with glycogen containing cells, under the influence of the girl", "id": "14116780" }, { "contents": "Stratified squamous epithelium\n\n\ntype of epithelium is well suited to areas in the body subject to constant abrasion, as the thickest layers can be sequentially sloughed off and replaced before the basement membrane is exposed. It forms the outermost layer of the skin and the inner lining of the mouth, esophagus and vagina. Non-keratinized surfaces must be kept moist by bodily secretions to prevent them from drying out. Examples of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include corneal epithelium, lining mucosa of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, ectocervix, vagina, foreskin", "id": "14968003" }, { "contents": "Anal canal\n\n\nto expel feces from the rectum and anal canal. Anal canal is divided into three parts. The zona columnaris is the upper half of the canal and is lined by simple columnar epithelium. The lower half of the anal canal, below the pectinate line, is divided into two zones separated by Hilton's white line. The two parts are the zona hemorrhagica and zona cutanea, lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized and stratified squamous keratinized epithelium, respectively. In humans it is approximately 2.5\" to 4\" long, extending", "id": "6506062" }, { "contents": "Bronchus\n\n\nthe airways clear in the mucociliary clearance process. As branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the bronchioles. As the cartilage decreases, the amount of smooth muscle increases. The mucous membrane also undergoes a transition from ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal epithelium to simple squamous epithelium. In 0.1 to 5% of people there is a right superior lobe bronchus arising from the main stem bronchus prior to the carina. This is known as a tracheal bronchus,", "id": "10909202" }, { "contents": "Germinal epithelium (female)\n\n\nThe ovarian surface epithelium, also called the germinal epithelium of Waldeyer, is a layer of simple squamous-to-cuboidal epithelial cells covering the ovary. The term \"germinal epithelium\" is a misnomer as it does not give rise to primary follicles. These cells are derived from the mesoderm during embryonic development and are closely related to the mesothelium of the peritoneum. The germinal epithelium gives the ovary a dull gray color as compared with the shining smoothness of the peritoneum; and the transition between the mesothelium of the peritoneum and the", "id": "3666004" }, { "contents": "Anatomy\n\n\nis a type of ciliated epithelial lining; in the small intestine there are microvilli on the epithelial lining and in the large intestine there are intestinal villi. Skin consists of an outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that covers the exterior of the vertebrate body. Keratinocytes make up to 95% of the cells in the skin. The epithelial cells on the external surface of the body typically secrete an extracellular matrix in the form of a cuticle. In simple animals this may just be a coat of glycoproteins. In more advanced animals", "id": "71930" }, { "contents": "Human anus\n\n\n, the mucosa of the internal anus becomes skin. The pectinate line is also the division between the internal and external anus. The anus receives blood from the inferior rectal artery and innervation from the inferior rectal nerves, which branch from the pudendal nerve. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract transitions to stratified squamous epithelium at the pectinate line. The stratified squamous epithelium gradually accumulates sebaceous and apocrine glands. During puberty, as testosterone triggers androgenic hair growth on the body, pubic hair begins to appear around the anus. Although", "id": "14572856" }, { "contents": "Mesothelium\n\n\nThe mesothelium is a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracic cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery), mediastinum and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while the layer that covers the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium. Mesothelium is", "id": "12844032" }, { "contents": "Cock's peculiar tumour\n\n\nCock's peculiar tumour is a sebaceous cyst linked growth that can resemble a squamous cell carcinoma. The name is given after a 19th-century English surgeon Edward Cock. The proliferating cyst is usually solitary, but it often arises from a simple trichilemmal cysts in the hair follicle epithelium and these are multiple in 70% of cases. They are most commonly found on the scalp where the proliferating trichilemmal cyst will grow to a large size and ulcerate. Chronic inflammation can cause the cyst to take the form of a granuloma. This", "id": "20496343" }, { "contents": "Oral mucosa tissue engineering\n\n\nthe mouth the epithelium may be keratinized or non-keratinized. Non-keratinized squamous epithelium covers the soft palate, lips, cheeks and the floor of the mouth. Keratinized squamous epithelium is present in the gingiva and hard palate. Keratinization is the differentiation of keratinocytes in the granular layer into dead surface cells to form the stratum corneum. The cells terminally differentiate as they migrate to the surface (from the basal layer where the progenitor cells are located to the dead superficial surface). The lamina propria is a fibrous connective tissue", "id": "1353109" }, { "contents": "Mucous membrane of the soft palate\n\n\nThe mucous membrane of the soft palate is thin, and covered with stratified squamous epithelium on both surfaces, except near the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, where it is columnar and ciliated. According to Klein, the mucous membrane on the nasal surface of the soft palate in the fetus is covered throughout by columnar ciliated epithelium, which subsequently becomes squamous; some anatomists state that it is covered with columnar ciliated epithelium, except at its free margin, throughout life. Beneath the mucous membrane on the oral surface of the soft", "id": "11653469" }, { "contents": "Cervix\n\n\n. In prepubertal girls, the functional squamocolumnar junction is present just within the cervical canal. Upon entering puberty, due to hormonal influence, and during pregnancy, the columnar epithelium extends outwards over the ectocervix as the cervix everts. Hence, this also causes the squamocolumnar junction to move outwards onto the vaginal portion of the cervix, where it is exposed to the acidic vaginal environment. The exposed columnar epithelium can undergo physiological metaplasia and change to tougher metaplastic squamous epithelium in days or weeks, which is very similar to the original squamous", "id": "5878176" }, { "contents": "Stratified squamous epithelium\n\n\nA stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural integrity. Although this epithelium is referred to as squamous, many cells within the layers may not be flattened; this is due to the convention of naming epithelia according to the cell type at the surface. In the deeper layers, the cells may be columnar or cuboidal. There are no intercellular spaces. This", "id": "14968002" }, { "contents": "Heart\n\n\nband. The left ventricle pumps blood to the body through the aortic valve and into the aorta. Two small openings above the aortic valve carry blood to the heart itself, the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery. The heart wall is made up of three layers: the inner endocardium, middle myocardium and outer epicardium. These are surrounded by a double-membraned sac called the pericardium. The innermost layer of the heart is called the endocardium. It is made up of a lining of simple squamous epithelium and", "id": "16207061" }, { "contents": "Vaginal epithelium\n\n\nThe vaginal epithelium is the aglandular inner lining of the vagina consisting of multiple layers of (squamous) cells. The basal membrane provides the support for the first layer of the epithelium-the basal layer. The intermediate layers lie upon the basal layer and the superficial layer is the outermost layer of the epithelium. Anatomists have described the epithelium as consisting of as many as 40 distinct layers. The mucous found on the epithelium is secreted by the cervix and uterus. The rugae of the epithelium create a involuted surface and result in", "id": "21928771" }, { "contents": "Vaginal epithelium\n\n\n. Though mucous is not produced by the vaginal epithelium, mucous originates from the cervix. The cervical mucous that is located inside the vagina can be used to assess fertility in ovulating women. The Bartholin's glands and Skene's glands located at the entrance of the vagina do produce mucous. The epithelium of the vagina originates from three different precursors during embryonic and fetal development. These are the vaginal squamous epithelium of the lower vagina, the columnar epithelium of the endocervix, and the squamous epithelium of the upper vagina. The distinct", "id": "21928779" }, { "contents": "Junctional epithelium\n\n\nnonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, lies immediately apical to the sulcular epithelium, which lines the gingival sulcus from the base to the free gingival margin, where it interfaces with the epithelium of the oral cavity. The gingival sulcus is bounded by the enamel of the crown of the tooth and the sulcular epithelium. Immediately apical to the base of the pocket, and coronal to the most coronal of the gingival fibers is the junctional epithelium. The JE attaches to the surface of the tooth by way of the EA with hemidesmosomes and is,", "id": "16808069" }, { "contents": "Squamous cell papilloma\n\n\nA squamous cell papilloma is a generally benign papilloma that arises from the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, lip, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, cervix, vagina or anal canal. Squamous cell papillomas are typically associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) while for others the cause is unknown. Squamous cell papilloma of the mouth or throat is generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 50, and is normally found on the inside of the cheek, on the tongue, or inside of lips", "id": "8416093" }, { "contents": "Cervical ectropion\n\n\nCervical ectropion is a condition in which the cells from the 'inside' of the cervical canal, known as glandular cells (or columnar epithelium), are present on the 'outside' of the vaginal portion of the cervix. The cells on the 'outside' of the cervix are typically squamous epithelial cells. Where the two cells meet is called the transformation zone, also known as the stratified squamous epithelium. Cervical ectropion can be grossly indistinguishable from early cervical cancer and must be evaluated by a physician to determine risks and", "id": "1474338" }, { "contents": "Histology of the vocal cords\n\n\ncomposed of the epithelium (mucosa), basal lamina (or basement membrane zone), and the superficial layer of the lamina propria. The transition is composed of the intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria. The body is composed of the thyroarytenoid muscle. This layered structure of tissues is very important for vibration of the true vocal folds. The free edge of the vibratory portion of the vocal fold, the anterior glottis, is covered with stratified squamous epithelium. This epithelium is five to twenty-five cells thick with", "id": "20496835" }, { "contents": "Corneal epithelium\n\n\ncells, similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei. The layers of the epithelium are constantly undergoing mitosis. Basal and wing cells migrate to the anterior of the cornea, while squamous cells age and slough off into the tear film. Epithelial ingrowth is a LASIK complication in which cells from the cornea surface layer (epithelial cells) begin to grow underneath the corneal flap. Epithelial ingrowth is a rarely occurring LASIK complication, appearing", "id": "8252511" }, { "contents": "Barrett's esophagus\n\n\nBarrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from normal stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. This change is considered to be a premalignant condition because it is associated with a high incidence of further transition to esophageal adenocarcinoma, an often-deadly cancer. The main cause of Barrett's esophagus is thought to be an adaptation", "id": "19361343" }, { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nis usually separated from underlying tissues by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane. The lining of the mouth, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made of epithelial tissue. The lining of the blood and lymphatic vessels are of a specialised form of epithelium called endothelium. Epithelium lines both the outside (skin) and the inside cavities and lumina of bodies. The outermost layer of human skin is composed of dead stratified squamous, keratinized epithelial cells. Tissues that line the inside of the mouth, the esophagus, the vagina, and part", "id": "7261019" }, { "contents": "Epithelial cell adhesion molecule\n\n\ncarcinomas; in fact, EpCAM is expressed in a variety of human epithelial tissues, carcinomas, and progenitor and stem cells. However, EpCAM is not found in non-epithelial cells or cancers of non-epithelial origin. EpCAM is expressed on the basolateral membrane of all simple (especially glandular), pseudo-stratified, and transitional epithelia. In contrast, normal squamous stratified epithelia are negative for EpCAM. The level of expression may differ significantly between the individual tissue types. In the gastrointestinal tract, the gastric epithelium expresses", "id": "20503700" }, { "contents": "Ascending limb of loop of Henle\n\n\n25 cells known as the macula densa that are part of renal autoregulation through the mechanism of tubuloglomerular feedback. As in the descending limb, the epithelium is simple squamous epithelium. The thin ascending limb is impermeable to water; but is permeable to ions allowing for some sodium reabsorption. Na/K-ATPase is expressed at very low levels in this segment and thus this reabsorption is likely through passive diffusion. Salt moves out of the tubule and into the interstitium due to osmotic pressure created by the countercurrent system. Functionally, the", "id": "1315224" }, { "contents": "Esophagus\n\n\nvagus nerve and pain passed up the sympathetic trunk. The gastro-esophageal junction (also known as the esophagogastric junction) is the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, at the lower end of the esophagus. The pink color of the esophageal mucosa contrasts to the deeper red of the gastric mucosa, and the mucosal transition can be seen as an irregular zig-zag line, which is often called the z-line. Histological examination reveals abrupt transition between the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus and the simple columnar epithelium", "id": "6216846" }, { "contents": "Simple columnar epithelium\n\n\nA simple columnar epithelium is a columnar epithelium that is uni-layered. In humans, a simple columnar epithelium lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Simple columnar epithelia line the uterus. Simple columnar epithelium is further divided into two categories: ciliated and non-ciliated. The ciliated part of the simple columnar epithelium has tiny hairs which help move mucus and other substances up the respiratory tract. Non-ciliated types are found in the digestive tract. Ciliated types are found", "id": "13480184" }, { "contents": "Chromoendoscopy\n\n\niodine, methylene blue, toluidine blue and crystal violet (gentian violet) . Lugol's iodine specifically stains non-keratinized squamous epithelium, and consequently is useful for identifying squamous tissue, squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas. Methylene blue stains absorptive epithelium and is useful for identifying abnormality in the small intestine and colon. Barrett's esophagus involves change in the mucosa of the esophagus into a tissue that includes glands (intestinal metaplasia), and as a result, can be identified with methylene blue staining. Also, methylene blue has", "id": "22022162" }, { "contents": "Fonsecaea pedrosoi\n\n\nchronically progressive, crusted ulceration of the skin known as chromoblastomycosis. Clinically it is often misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The disease is characterized by the appearance of spherical, brownish yellow cells with thick, darkly pigmented walls. The presence of the agent is associated with host cell proliferation and enlargement known as hyperplasia localized to the stratified squamous epithelium and the formation of mycotic granulomas. Sclerotic bodies are present both extracellularly and intracellularly throughout the affected tissue and are a defining feature of chromoblastomycosis. The melanin content of sclerotic bodies may be important", "id": "18644172" }, { "contents": "Squamous odontogenic tumor\n\n\nhave been observed. Radiographically, they are small unilocular or larger multilocular well defined non-corticated radiolucencies, triangular or crescent in shape, with the base apically between adjacent roots of vital teeth. They are often misdiagnosed as periodontitis. SOT should be suspected where isolated periodontal defects occur without obvious risk factors. Lesions are non-encapsulated with islands of well differentiated squamous epithelium that commonly contain microcysts and calcifications in a dense fibrous connective tissue stroma. The pathogenesis is unclear but they appear to arise from the gingival epithelium or cell rests", "id": "2776111" }, { "contents": "Subareolar abscess\n\n\ncaused by previous surgery is a frequent cause of subareolar abscesses. Goepel and Pahnke and other authors recommend performing surgeries only with concomitant bromocriptine treatment. Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts - abbreviated SMOLD is a change where the normal double layer cuboid epithelium of the lactiferous ducts is replaced by squamous keratinizing cell layers. The resulting epithelium is very similar to normal skin, hence some authors speak of epidermalization. SMOLD is rare in premenopausal women (possibly 0.1-3%) but more frequent (possibly up to 25%) in postmenopausal women", "id": "3633178" }, { "contents": "Nabothian cyst\n\n\nA nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus). This tissue growth can block the cervical crypts (subdermal pockets usually 2–10 mm in diameter), trapping cervical mucus inside the crypts. Nabothian cysts appear most often as firm bumps on the cervix's surface. A woman may notice", "id": "13564901" }, { "contents": "Brush border\n\n\nA brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvilli-covered surface of simple cuboidal epithelium and simple columnar epithelium cells found in certain locations of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers in length. Because individual microvilli are so small and are tightly packed in the brush border, individual microvilli can only be resolved using electron microscopes; with a light microscope they can usually only be seen collectively as a fuzzy fringe at the surface of the epithelium", "id": "21185303" }, { "contents": "Cervical ectropion\n\n\nmeets the stratified squamous covering of the ectocervix, is located at the external os before puberty. As estrogen levels rise during puberty, the cervical os opens, exposing the endocervical columnar epithelium onto the ectocervix. This area of columnar cells on the ectocervix forms an area that is red and raw in appearance called an ectropion (cervical erosion). It is then exposed to the acidic environment of the vagina and, through a process of squamous metaplasia, transforms into stratified squamous epithelium. Usually no treatment is indicated for clinically asymptomatic cervical", "id": "1474341" }, { "contents": "Oral mucosa\n\n\nthe region of the mouth, the epithelium may be nonkeratinized or keratinized. Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium covers the soft palate, inner lips, inner cheeks, and the floor of the mouth, and ventral surface of the tongue. Keratinized squamous epithelium is present in the gingiva and hard palate as well as areas of the dorsal surface of the tongue. Keratinization is the differentiation of keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum into nonvital surface cells or squames to form the stratum corneum. The cells terminally differentiate as they migrate to the surface from the stratum", "id": "11186637" }, { "contents": "Keratomalacia\n\n\nKeratomalacia is an eye disorder that results from vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is required to maintain specialized epithelia (such as in the cornea and conjunctiva). The precise mechanism is still not known, but vitamin A is necessary for the maintenance of the specialized epithelial surfaces of the body. A lack of vitamin A leads to atrophic changes in the normal mucosal surface, with loss of goblet cells, and replacement of the normal epithelium by an inappropriate keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. In addition, the substantia propria of the cornea breaks", "id": "11470377" }, { "contents": "Ceruminous adenocarcinoma\n\n\nto have ulceration of the surface squamous epithelium. Most tumors are about 1.5 cm in greatest dimension, a limitation of the anatomic site rather than of the tumor type itself. The tumors are separated into three main histologic or microscopic types: All of the tumors are infiltrative into the soft tissue, benign ceruminous glands, and/or bone. The tumor may expand into the overlying squamous surface epithelium, but it usually does not arise from the surface epithelium. The tumors are cellular, arranged in solid, cystic, cribriform, glandular,", "id": "11305721" }, { "contents": "Stratified squamous epithelium\n\n\n, and the internal portion of the lips. Even non-keratinized surfaces, consisting as they do of keratinocytes, have a minor superficial keratinized layer of varying thickness, depending on the age of the epithelium and the damage it has experienced. Keratinized surfaces are protected from abrasion by keratin and kept hydrated and protected from dehydration by glycolipids produced in the stratum granulosum. Examples of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include epidermis of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot, and the masticatory mucosa. Skin is also covered with stratified", "id": "14968004" }, { "contents": "Esophagus\n\n\n, the esophagus is lined by stratified squamous epithelium without glands. In fish, the esophagus is often lined with columnar epithelium, and in amphibians, sharks and rays, the esophageal epithelium is ciliated, helping to wash food along, in addition to the action of muscular peristalsis. In addition, in the bat \"Plecotus auritus\", fish and some amphibians, glands secreting pepsinogen or hydrochloric acid have been found. The muscle of the esophagus in many mammals is striated initially, but then becomes smooth muscle in the caudal third", "id": "6216872" }, { "contents": "Odontogenic keratocyst\n\n\nSmall multilocular and unilocular cysts can be treated more conservatively through enucleation and curretage. Treatment options: Annual radiographic review has been recommended. Long-term clinical follow-up is also recommended due to recurrences occurring many years after treatment. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma may occur, but is unusual. Recurrence is likely when treated by simple enucleation. Contributing causes include thin and fragile epithelium leading to incomplete removal, cyst extensions extending into cancellous bone, satellite cysts found in the wall, experience of the surgeon, formation of further", "id": "2775870" }, { "contents": "Cervix\n\n\na single layer of columnar mucous cells, and contains numerous tubular mucous glands which empty viscous alkaline mucus into the lumen. In contrast, the ectocervix is covered with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which resembles the squamous epithelium lining the vaginal. The junction between these two types of epithelia is called the squamocolumnar junction. Underlying both types of epithelium is a tough layer of collagen. The mucosa of the endocervix is not shed during menstruation. The cervix has more fibrous tissue, including collagen and elastin, than the rest of the uterus", "id": "5878175" }, { "contents": "Esophagus\n\n\na tough stratified squamous epithelium without keratin, a smooth lamina propria, and a muscularis mucosae. The epithelium of the esophagus has a relatively rapid turnover, and serves a protective function against the abrasive effects of food. In many animals the epithelium contains a layer of keratin, representing a coarser diet. There are two types of glands, with mucus-secreting esophageal glands being found in the submucosa, and esophageal cardiac glands, similar to cardiac glands of the stomach, located in the lamina propria and most frequent in the terminal", "id": "6216848" }, { "contents": "Vocal cords\n\n\ndeath growl vocal style. Mature human vocal folds are composed of layered structures which are quite different at the histological level. The topmost layer comprises stratified squamous epithelium which is bordered by ciliated pseudostratified epithelium. The inner lining surface of this squamous epithelium is covered by a layer of mucus (acting as a mucociliary clearance), which is composed of two layers: a mucinous layer and serous layer. Both mucus layers provide viscous and watery environment for cilia beating posteriorally and superiorly. The mucociliary clearance keeps the vocal folds essentially moist and", "id": "14365005" }, { "contents": "Epidermoid cyst\n\n\nAn epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst is a benign cyst usually found on the skin. The cyst develops out of ectodermal tissue. Histologically, it is made of a thin layer of squamous epithelium. The epidermoid cyst may have no symptoms, or it may be painful when touched. It can release macerated keratin. In contrast to pilar cysts, epidermoid cysts are usually present on parts of the body with relatively little hair. An epidermoid cyst is one type of vaginal cyst. Occasionally, an epidermoid cyst will present with trigeminal", "id": "5964958" }, { "contents": "Epiglottis\n\n\nbody of the epiglottis consists of elastic cartilage. The epiglottis has two surfaces, a forward-facing surface facing the tongue, and a surface facing the larynx. The entire lingual surface and the apical portion of the laryngeal surface (since it is vulnerable to abrasion due to its relation to the digestive tract) are covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. However, some parts of the laryngeal surface, which is in relation to the respiratory system, has respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified, ciliated columnar cells and mucus secreting goblet", "id": "2440996" }, { "contents": "Navicular fossa of male urethra\n\n\nThe cavernous portion of the urethra is narrow, and of uniform size in the body of the penis, measuring about 6 mm in diameter; it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae. The navicular fossa is the spongy part of the male urethra located at the glans penis portion. It is essentially the part right before the external urethral orifice. It is lined by stratified squamous, non-keratinizing epithelium when viewed histologically. During development,", "id": "16842359" }, { "contents": "Vocal cord cyst\n\n\n; the Epithelium, the Lamina Propria (containing superficial, intermediate and deep layers) and the Thyroarytenoid Muscle. Vocal fold cysts commonly appear in the Superficial portion of the Lamina Propria, the cyst size impacts the nature of this layer making it more rigid. The border of vocal fold cysts contains squamous or epithelial cells. In the case of retention cysts, the border consists of glandular epithelium. Epidermoid cysts closely resemble epidermal cysts that can occur anywhere in the body. Sub-epithelial cysts (also known as \"mucous retention", "id": "16051737" }, { "contents": "Simple cuboidal epithelium\n\n\nSimple cuboidal epithelium is a type of epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal (cube-like) cells. These cuboidal cells have large, spherical and central nuclei. Simple cuboidal epithelia are found on the surface of ovaries, the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid. On these surfaces, the cells perform secretion and absorption. Simple cuboidal cells are also found in kidney tubules, glandular ducts, ovaries, and the thyroid gland. Simple cuboidal cells are", "id": "15320055" }, { "contents": "Metaplasia\n\n\nsquamous epithelium (squamous metaplasia). Metaplasia is an adaptation that replaces one type of epithelium with another that is more likely to be able to withstand the stresses it is faced with. It is also accompanied by a loss of endothelial function, and in some instances considered undesirable; this undesirability is underscored by the propensity for metaplastic regions to eventually turn cancerous if the irritant is not eliminated. The cell of origin for many types of metaplasias are controversial or unknown. For example, there is evidence supporting several different hypotheses of origin", "id": "14986272" }, { "contents": "Esophagus\n\n\nThe word \"oesophagus\" is the Greek word οἰσοφάγος , meaning \"gullet\". The wall of the oesophagus from the lumen outwards consists of mucosa, submucosa (connective tissue), layers of muscle fibers between layers of fibrous tissue, and an outer layer of connective tissue. The mucosa is a stratified squamous epithelium of around three layers of squamous cells, which contrasts to the single layer of columnar cells of the stomach. The transition between these two types of epithelium is visible as a zig-zag line. Most of", "id": "6216834" }, { "contents": "Keratin 8\n\n\nreacts mainly with secretory epithelia, but not with squamous epithelium, such as that found in the skin, cervix, and esophagus. However, it also reacts with a range of malignant cells, including those derived from secretory epithelia, but also some squamous carcinomata, such as spindle cell carcinoma. It is considered useful in identifying microscopic metastases of breast carcinoma in lymph nodes, and in distinguishing Paget's disease from malignant melanoma. It also reacts with neuroendocrine tumors. Keratin 8 is often used together with keratin 18 and keratin 19", "id": "9109585" }, { "contents": "Intersphincteric groove\n\n\nIntersphincteric groove or Hilton's white line is a boundary in the anal canal. Below it, lymphatic drainage is to the superficial inguinal nodes. Hilton's white line is slightly below the pectinate line, a landmark for the intermuscular border between internal and external anal sphincter muscles. This line represents the transition point from non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal to keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the anus and perianal skin. In live persons the color of the line is white, hence the name. It is named for", "id": "17361135" }, { "contents": "Anisakis\n\n\nreproductively isolated. This finding has allowed the proportion of different sibling species in a fish to be used as an indicator of population identity in fish stocks. Anisakids share the common features of all nematodes; the vermiform body plan, round in cross section and a lack of segmentation. The body cavity is reduced to a narrow pseudocoel. The mouth is located anteriorly, and surrounded by projections used in feeding and sensation, with the anus slightly offset from the posterior. The squamous epithelium secretes a layered cuticle to protect the body from", "id": "16759402" }, { "contents": "Epidermis\n\n\n(ENaCs) are found in all layers of the epidermis. The word epidermis is derived through Latin , itself and . Something related to or part of the epidermis is termed epidermal. The human epidermis is a familiar example of epithelium, particularly a stratified squamous epithelium The epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes (proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal), which comprise 90% of its cells, but also contains melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells, and inflammatory cells. Epidermal thickenings called Rete ridges (or rete pegs) extend downward between", "id": "18527974" }, { "contents": "Cellular adaptation\n\n\ncell reprogramming. Stem cells are found in epithelia and embryonic mesenchyme of connective tissue. A prominent example of metaplasia involves the changes associated with the respiratory tract in response to inhalation of irritants, such as smog or smoke. The bronchial cells convert from mucus-secreting, ciliated, columnar epithelium to non-ciliated, squamous epithelium incapable of secreting mucus. These transformed cells may become dysplasic or cancerous if the stimulus (e.g., cigarette smoking) is not removed. The most common example of metaplasia is Barrett's esophagus, when", "id": "4275221" }, { "contents": "Larynx\n\n\nare false vocal folds (vestibular folds) and true vocal folds (folds). The false vocal folds are covered by respiratory epithelium, while the true vocal folds are covered by stratified squamous epithelium. The false vocal folds are not responsible for sound production, but rather for resonance. The exceptions to this are found in Tibetan Chant and Kargyraa, a style of Tuvan throat singing. Both make use of the false vocal folds to create an undertone. These false vocal folds do not contain muscle, while the true vocal folds", "id": "4761083" }, { "contents": "Tongue\n\n\nany taste buds. The tongue can also divide itself in dorsal and ventral surface. The dorsal surface is a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium which is characterized by numerous mucosal projections called papillae. The lingual papillae covers the dorsal side of the tongue towards the front of the terminal groove . The ventral surface is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium which is smooth. The tongue begins to develop in the fourth week of embryonic development from a median swelling – the median tongue bud (tuberculum impar) of the first pharyngeal arch. In the", "id": "11232249" }, { "contents": "Human tooth\n\n\ntypes of epithelium associated with the gingiva: gingival, junctional, and sulcular epithelium. These three types form from a mass of epithelial cells known as the epithelial cuff between the tooth and the mouth. The gingival epithelium is not associated directly with tooth attachment and is visible in the mouth. The junctional epithelium, composed of the basal lamina and hemidesmosomes, forms an attachment to the tooth. The sulcular epithelium is nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue on the gingiva which touches but is not attached to the tooth. Plaque is a biofilm consisting", "id": "19316710" }, { "contents": "KLF4\n\n\nin skin resulted in hyperplasia and dysplasia, which lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Similar finding in esophageal epithelium was observed, where overexpression of KLF4 resulted in increased inflammation that eventually lead to the development of esophageal squamous cell cancer in mice. The role of KLF4 in Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is also controversial. It was shown to stimulate EMT in some systems by promoting/maintaining stemness of cancer cells, as is the case in pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, endometrial cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer", "id": "7240067" }, { "contents": "Pseudostratified columnar epithelium\n\n\nA pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that, though comprising only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia. As it rarely occurs as squamous or cuboidal epithelia, it is usually considered synonymous with the term pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The term \"pseudostratified\" is derived from the appearance of this epithelium in section which conveys the erroneous (\"pseudo\" means almost or approaching) impression that there is more than one layer of cells, when in fact this is a true", "id": "14659453" }, { "contents": "Vaginal epithelium\n\n\nthe female reproductive system, the vaginal epithelium is more sensitive and its structure is an indicator of estrogen levels. Some Langerhans cells and melanocytes are also present in the epithelium. The epithelium of the ectocervix is contiguous with that of the vagina, possessing the same properties and function. The vaginal epithelium is divided into layers of cells, including the basal cells, the parabasal cells, the superficial squamous flat cells, and the intermediate cells. The superficial cells exfoliate continuously and basal cells replace the superficial cells that die and slough off", "id": "21928773" }, { "contents": "Vaginal cysts\n\n\ndevelop on the anterolateral vaginal wall. This cyst can be lined with epithelium from the cervix, uterus and Fallopian tubes. An epithelial inclusion cyst is also referred to as epidermal inclusion cyst or squamous inclusion cyst. This type of cyst comprises 23% of all vaginal cysts and is the second most common. This cyst originates from epithelium tissue that has been 'trapped' from surgery, episiotomy, or other trauma. It is most often found on the lower posterior vaginal wall. An epidermoid cyst is one type of vaginal cyst", "id": "351944" }, { "contents": "Branchial cleft cyst\n\n\ninto gills. The cyst wall is composed of squamous epithelium (90%), columnar cells with or without cilia, or a mixture of both, with lymphoid infiltrate, often with prominent germinal centers and few subcapsular lymph sinuses. The cyst is typically surrounded by lymphoid tissue that has attenuated or absent overlying epithelium due to inflammatory changes. The cyst may or may not contain granular and keratinaceous cellular debris. Cholesterol crystals may be found in the fluid extracted from a branchial cyst. The diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts are typically done", "id": "9039099" }, { "contents": "Squamous cell carcinoma\n\n\nform of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of epithelium, or cells showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. Studies have found evidences for an association between diet and skin cancers, including SCC. The consumption of high-fat dairy foods increases SCC tumor risk in people with previous skin cancer. Green leafy vegetables may help prevent development of subsequent SCC and multiple studies", "id": "12190127" }, { "contents": "Nephron\n\n\nefferent arteriole. The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than that of the afferent, and this difference increases the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule, also called the glomerular capsule, surrounds the glomerulus. It is composed of a visceral inner layer formed by specialized cells called podocytes, and a parietal outer layer composed of simple squamous epithelium. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are filtered through the visceral layer of podocytes, resulting in the glomerular filtrate. The glomerular filtrate next moves to the renal tubule,", "id": "2650394" }, { "contents": "Loop of Henle\n\n\nof high urea concentration deep in the medulla, near the papillary duct in the collecting duct system. Water present in the filtrate in the papillary duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the duct, moving passively down its concentration gradient. This process reabsorbs water and creates a concentrated urine for excretion. The loop of Henle can be divided into four parts: The tissue type of the loop is simple squamous epithelium. The \"thick\" and \"thin\" terminology does not refer to the size of the lumen, but to the", "id": "7961963" }, { "contents": "Paramesonephric duct\n\n\nfrom the ciliated columnar epithelium in the uterine tube to stratified squamous epithelium in the vagina. The paramesonephric ducts and the mesonephric ducts share a majority of the same mesenchyme due to Hox gene expression. The genes expressed play a critical role in mediating the regional characterization of structures found along the cranial-caudal axis of the female reproductive tract. Individuals that are 46, XY and have been tested positive for mutations in their AMH or AMH receptor genes have been known to exhibit features typical of that which are exhibited in persistent müllerian duct", "id": "3963620" }, { "contents": "Nasal vestibule\n\n\nThe nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It is enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin (stratified squamous, keratinized). The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called \"nasal cavity proper\". Inside the vestibule are the nasal hair, which filter dust and other matter that are breathed in. Within the vestibule, the epithelium loses its keratinised nature and undergoes a transition into typical respiratory epithelium before entering", "id": "8499222" }, { "contents": "Bronchus\n\n\nabout half of observed cases the cardiac bronchus presents as a short dead ending bronchial stump, in the remainder the bronchus may exhibit branching and associated aerated lung parenchyma. The alveolar ducts and alveoli consist primarily of simple squamous epithelium, which permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries occurs across the walls of the alveolar ducts and alveoli. Bronchial wall thickening, as can be seen on CT scan, generally (but not always) implies inflammation of", "id": "10909204" }, { "contents": "Gastrointestinal wall\n\n\nlongitudinal layer shortens the tract. The thickness of the muscular layer varies in each part of the tract: The outermost layer of the GI tract consists of several layers of connective tissue and is either \"adventitia\" or \"serosa\". Intraperitoneal regions of the digestive tract (aka those parts suspended by peritoneum) are covered with serosa. This structure consists of connective tissue covered by a simple squamous epithelium, called the mesothelium, which reduces frictional forces during digestive movements. The intraperitoneal regions include most of the stomach, first part", "id": "20337994" }, { "contents": "Thyroid\n\n\nthat occur high in the neck are lined by stratified squamous epithelium, which is essentially identical to that covering the posterior portion of the tongue in the region of the foramen cecum. The disorders that occur in the lower neck more proximal to the thyroid gland are lined by epithelium resembling the thyroidal acinar epithelium. Characteristically, next to the lining epithelium, there is an intense lymphocytic infiltrate. Superimposed infection may convert these lesions into abscess cavities, and rarely, give rise to cancers. Another disorder is that of thyroid dysgenesis which can", "id": "10889784" }, { "contents": "Duct (anatomy)\n\n\nlikely to classified with simple columnar epithelium (or pseudostratified epithelium), reserving the stratified columnar for the lobar ducts. The intercalated duct, also called intercalary duct (ducts of Boll), is the portion of an exocrine gland leading directly from the acinus to a striated duct. The intercalated duct forms part of the intralobular duct. This duct has the thinnest epithelium of any part of the duct system, and the epithelium is usually classified as \"low\" simple cuboidal. They are found in both the pancreas and in salivary", "id": "15257561" }, { "contents": "Simple cuboidal epithelium\n\n\nfound in single rows with their spherical nuclei in the center of the cells and are directly attached to the basal surface. Simple ciliated cuboidal cells are also present in the respiratory bronchioles. These cells provide protection and may be active (pumping material in or out of the lumen) or passive, depending on the location and cellular specialization. Simple cuboidal epithelium commonly differentiates to form the secretory and duct portions of glands. They also constitute the germinal epithelium which covers the ovary (but does not contribute to ovum production) and the", "id": "15320056" }, { "contents": "Laryngopharyngeal reflux\n\n\ncontrast to the resistant stratified squamous epithelium lining the esophagus, the larynx is lined by ciliated respiratory epithelium, which is more fragile and susceptible to damage. While the epithelium lining the esophagus is capable of withstanding as many as 50 instances of exposure to gastric contents each day, which is the uppermost estimate considered to be within the range of normal physiologic functioning, injury to laryngeal epithelium can occur following exposure to only small amounts of acidic gastric contents. LPR presents with non-specific symptoms and signs that make differential diagnosis difficult to", "id": "10718988" }, { "contents": "Vagina\n\n\n's rising estrogen levels. Finally, the epithelium thins out from menopause onward and eventually ceases to contain glycogen, because of the lack of estrogen. Flattened squamous cells are more resistant to both abrasion and infection. The permeability of the epithelium allows for an effective response from the immune system since antibodies and other immune components can easily reach the surface. The vaginal epithelium differs from the similar tissue of the skin. The epidermis of the skin is relatively resistant to water because it contains high levels of lipids. The vaginal epithelium contains", "id": "14116781" }, { "contents": "Ora serrata\n\n\nThe ora serrata is the serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body. This junction marks the transition from the simple, non-photosensitive area of the ciliary body to the complex, multi-layered, photosensitive region of the retina. The pigmented layer is continuous over choroid, ciliary body and iris while the nervous layer terminates just before the ciliary body. This point is the ora serrata. In this region the pigmented epithelium of the retina transitions into the outer pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body and the inner portion of", "id": "8877958" }, { "contents": "Human skin\n\n\nfrom 25-40 micrometres (squared), depending on a variety of factors. Skin is composed of three primary layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis. Epidermis, \"epi\" coming from the Greek meaning \"over\" or \"upon\", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina. The epidermis contains no blood vessels,", "id": "7187343" }, { "contents": "Intestinal epithelium\n\n\nThe intestinal epithelium is the single cell layer that form the luminal surface (lining) of both the small and large intestine (colon) of the gastrointestinal tract. Composed of simple columnar epithelial cells, it serves two main functions: absorbing useful substances into the body and restricting the entry of harmful substances. As part of its protective role, the intestinal epithelium forms an important component of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Certain diseases and conditions are caused by functional defects in the intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, various diseases and", "id": "15868106" }, { "contents": "Epithelium\n\n\nto withstand mechanical or chemical insult such that layers can be abraded and lost without exposing subepithelial layers. Cells flatten as the layers become more apical, though in their most basal layers the cells can be squamous, cuboidal or columnar. Stratified epithelia (of columnar, cuboidal or squamous type) can have the following specializations: The basic cell types are squamous, cuboidal, and columnar classed by their shape. Epithelial tissue is scutoid shaped, tightly packed and form a continuous sheet. It has almost no intercellular spaces. All epithelia", "id": "7261018" }, { "contents": "Norman Barrett\n\n\n\"\". In this paper, Barrett suggested that the finding of an oesophagus lined with columnar epithelium (rather than the usual squamous epithelium) was due to the presence of a congenitally shortened oesophagus leading to a tubular portion of stomach being trapped in the chest. In this article Barrett also introduced the term reflux oesophagitis, and described the development of benign oesophageal strictures in patients with this condition. In contrast, Philip Allison and Alan Johnstone argued that this columnar epithelium–lined structure was oesophagus and not stomach, and suggested that", "id": "12299538" }, { "contents": "Prostate\n\n\nbasal cells which are supported by a fibroelastic stroma — containing randomly oriented smooth-muscle bundles — that is continuous with the bladder. The epithelium is highly variable and areas of low cuboidal or squamous epithelium are also present, with transitional epithelium in the distal regions of the longer ducts. Within the prostate, the urethra coming from the bladder is called the prostatic urethra and merges with the two ejaculatory ducts. Three histological types of cells are present in the prostate gland: glandular cells, myoepithelial cells, and subepithelial interstitial cells.", "id": "11231568" }, { "contents": "Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia\n\n\nCervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia, is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer. More specifically, CIN refers to the potentially precancerous transformation of cells of the cervix. CIN most commonly occurs at the squamocolumnar junction of the cervix, a transitional area between the squamous epithelium of the vagina and the columnar epithelium of the endocervix. It can also occur in vaginal walls and vulvar epithelium. CIN is graded on a 1-3 scale,", "id": "19848190" }, { "contents": "Transitional epithelium\n\n\nfor more superficial layer. While the Golgi complex is much less prominent in the cells of the basal layer, these cells are rich in cytoplasmic proteins that bundle together to form tonofibrils. These tonofibrils converge at hemidesmosomes to attach the cells at the basement membrane. The transitional epithelium cells stretch readily in order to accommodate fluctuation of volume of the liquid in an organ. (The distal part of the urethra becomes non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in females; the part that lines the bottom of the tissue is called the basement membrane", "id": "5560317" }, { "contents": "Wart\n\n\nsite affected, as well as the type of human papillomavirus involved. These include: Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). There are about 130 known types of human papilloma viruses. HPV infects the squamous epithelium, usually of the skin or genitals, but each HPV type is typically only able to infect a few specific areas on the body. Many HPV types can produce a benign growth, often called a \"wart\" or \"papilloma\", in the area they infect. Many of the more", "id": "15231781" }, { "contents": "Epithelioma\n\n\nEpithelioma is an abnormal growth of the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue that covers the surfaces of organs and other structures of the body. Epitheliomas can be benign growths or malignant carcinomas. They are classified according to the specific type of epithelial cells that are affected. The most common epitheliomas are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancers). Treatment usually involves surgically removing the tumor and affected tissue. Also used is cryosurgery and radiotherapy. The prognosis varies dramatically, depending on the type and stage at the", "id": "20687348" }, { "contents": "Lingual tonsils\n\n\nThe lingual tonsils are two small mounds of lymphatic tissue located at the back of the base of the tongue, one on either side. They are composed of lymphatic tissue that functions to assist the immune system in the production of antibodies in response to invading pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Lingual tonsils are covered externally by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. The epithelium invaginates inward to form a single crypt. Beneath the epithelium is a layer of lymphoid nodules containing lymphocytes. These tonsils are surrounded by thin capsule of connective tissue which separates them from", "id": "11025484" }, { "contents": "Oral mucosa\n\n\nformation compared to the skin. The underlying mechanism remains unknown but research suggest that extracellular vesicles might be involved. Oral mucosa can be divided into three main categories based on function and histology: Oral mucosa consists of two layers, the surface stratified squamous epithelium and the deeper lamina propria. In keratinized oral mucosa, the epithelium consists of four layers: In nonkeratinised epithelium, the two deep layers (basale and spinosum) remain the same but the outer layers are termed the \"intermediate\" and \"superficial\" layers. Depending on", "id": "11186636" }, { "contents": "Cervix\n\n\nuterus, after puberty. Previously it was thought that during fetal development, the original squamous epithelium of the cervix is derived from the urogenital sinus and the original columnar epithelium is derived from the paramesonephric duct. The point at which these two original epithelia meet is called the original squamocolumnar junction. New studies show, however, that all the cervical as well as large part of the vaginal epithelium are derived from Müllerian duct tissue and that phenotypic differences might be due to other causes. The endocervical mucosa is about thick, lined with", "id": "5878174" } ]

[ { "contents": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes\n\n\n\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" is an American reality television series, airing on the E! network. Its premise was originated with Ryan Seacrest, who additionally serves as an executive producer. The series focuses on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian. It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step-parent Caitlyn Jenner, their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed", "id": "19386749" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n.\" The following year, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" was picked up for a third season. In April 2012, E! signed a three-year deal with the Kardashian family that kept the series airing through seasons seven, eight and nine. \"Keeping up with the Kardashians\" was later renewed for a tenth season which premiered on March 15, 2015. In February 2015, it was announced that the show had been renewed for four more years, along with an additional spin-off series, making", "id": "19572005" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nplatform. Libby Hill of \"The A.V. Club\" also acknowledged the show's success and said: \"\"Keeping Up With The Kardashians\" gives us real, joyous, ugly, unsavory, hilarious life, with all the polished sitcom trappings. And though the latter may have launched a multimedia empire, the former has made it last\". Maura Kelly of \"The Guardian\" evaluated the aftermath of the failed wedding of Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries, which was documented on \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians,\" and", "id": "19572033" }, { "contents": "Dash Dolls\n\n\ngame to get a bunch of drama,\" Haqq also added. Kim Kardashian has disclosed that she initially wanted \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" to focus more on their stores in order to bring people's attention and later said that she \"didn’t think it would turn into what it turned into.\" The reality series chronicles the daily life of the employees working in one of the Dash boutiques. The show features Khloé Kardashian’s best friend Malika Haqq, who has also been appearing on \"Keeping Up with the", "id": "13156060" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nKeeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007, and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The sixteenth season premiered on March 31, 2019. The seventeenth season will premiere on September", "id": "19571990" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nsince the first season, as well as on the show's spin-offs. Cast members also include numerous friends and other acquaintances of the family members, most notably Malika Haqq and Jonathan Cheban who joined \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" in the second and third seasons, respectively. Most of the Kardashian sisters' significant others have appeared on the reality series. Kim's relationship with football player Reggie Bush was featured on the show when they were dating; after the breakup, Bush commented on appearing on the show saying", "id": "19572010" }, { "contents": "Keeping up with the Kardashians (season 16)\n\n\nKeeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The sixteenth season premiered on March 31, 2019. On August 24, 2017, it was", "id": "9507808" }, { "contents": "Robert Kardashian\n\n\nRobert George Kardashian (February 22, 1944 – September 30, 2003) was an American attorney and businessman. He gained national recognition as O. J. Simpson's friend and defense attorney during Simpson's 1995 murder trial. He had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian (née Houghton, later Jenner): Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob, who appear on their family reality television series, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", and its spinoffs. Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California. He", "id": "18466151" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nseries finished as the most-social ad-supported cable program and, as of March 2015, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" is the most-watched show on E! network. The first episode of the tenth season averaged 2.5 million viewers, slightly less than the premiere of the ninth season. In 2016, a \"New York Times\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" \"tends to most popular in areas with large Hispanic populations,", "id": "19572040" }, { "contents": "Simon Huck\n\n\nStyle published a feature story describing Huck's rise in the entertainment industry and close friendship with the Kardashians. According to the article, Command Entertainment Group serves over 100 brands annually. Kardashian told The New York Times, \"He's the definition of loyal. I feel like you need to surround yourself with people who make you laugh and keep your spirit alive as you grow and evolve.\" Huck and then-business partner Cheban have appeared on reality television shows, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", \"Kourtney and", "id": "20436704" }, { "contents": "Rob & Chyna\n\n\n11, 2016. Jeff Olde, an executive vice president of the network, explained the reasons of giving Kardashian and Chyna their own series: The series airs on E!, an American cable network which features mostly entertainment-related programming, and reality television series, including \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", another series that both Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna have been part of. The show is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and Ryan Seacrest Productions, which also produce \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". On", "id": "20576902" }, { "contents": "Keeping up with the Kardashians (season 16)\n\n\nannounced the family had signed a $150 million deal with E!. On August 20, 2018, Kim Kardashian announced on Twitter that the family will begin filming Season 16 the following week. The 16th season finale of E!’s “Keeping Up With the Kardashians” finished as the show’s most-watched episode in nearly three years. The episode, which showcased the fallout of the cheating scandal plaguing Khloé Kardashian’s relationship with Tristan Thompson, delivered 2.4 million total viewers with three days of delayed viewing factored in,", "id": "9507809" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nApril 2009, E! announced the first spin-off of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" entitled \"Kourtney and Khloé in Miami\", which was later renamed \"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\". The series followed the sisters who moved to Miami to open a new Dash boutique. Ted Harbert, president and CEO of Comcast Entertainment Group, considered the sisters capable of handling their own standalone series. \"It's a very simple formula that we took from scripted TV and applied to a reality show. […", "id": "19572015" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n\", was ending. The show, entitled \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", premiered on October 14, 2007. The reality series centers around the members of the Kardashian-Jenner blended family, focusing on the sisters Kourtney, Kim and Khloé. Most episodes have very similar structure: the family \"show[s] off their privileged lifestyle and maybe get into one or two minor family squabbles before ultimately wrapping things up with a monologue that reinforces the importance of family,\" as noted by Caroline Siede of \"Quartz\"", "id": "19572002" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nA few days after Caitlyn Jenner (then Bruce) came out as a trans woman during a \"20/20\" interview with Diane Sawyer in May 2015, E! aired a two-part special on \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" entitled \"About Bruce\", in which another side of the story was told featuring family members who were not involved in the previous interview on \"20/20\". The first part of the special debuted on May 17, 2015, and attracted 2.92 million total viewers, a 40% increase", "id": "19572021" }, { "contents": "Dash Dolls\n\n\nreality television series. The network has ordered eight hour-long episodes. The show is the sixth series installment in the \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" franchise, following \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\", and the first one not featuring any members of the Kardashian family as the main cast. The series is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and Ryan Seacrest Productions, the same companies which produce \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" and their spin-offs; Gil Goldschein, Jeff Jenkins, Farnaz Farjam and", "id": "13156056" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nit one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. In terms of the show's future, Kim Kardashian has commented that the reality series could go for an indefinite number of seasons saying that she: \"hope[s] it goes on for as long as it can.\" \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", including its spin-off series, has become the cable network's flagship show and its most lucrative franchise. \"It has changed the face of E!\" said Lisa Berger, the", "id": "19572006" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nthe Kardashians\". The eight-part, one-hour docuseries debuted on July 26, 2015, on E!, and focused on how Jenner was handling the aftermath of the transition; it also attempted to deal with various LGBT-related issues. It was later cancelled after two seasons. In April 2017, it was announced E! had ordered an 8-episode spin-off \"Life of Kylie\" revolving around Kylie Jenner. It premiered on August 6, 2017. \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" has been", "id": "19572023" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n\"Los Angeles Times\" described \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" as a: \"Hollywood version of \"The Brady Bunch\" -- the harmless high jinks of a loving blended family against a backdrop of wealth and famous connections\". Jessica Chasmar of \"The Washington Times\" said that series: \"illustrates our nation's moral, spiritual and cultural decay.\" Chasmar emphasized its negative influence and noted: \"America of 50 years ago would regard Ms. Kardashian with a mixture of disdain and pity, embarrassed by the very", "id": "19572028" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nidea of a young lady's most private moments being broadcast for all the world to see.\" Goal Auzeen Saedi, reviewing \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" for \"Psychology Today\", emphasized the show's influence saying that: \"The Kardashians become more relatable the more famous they become.\" Saedi also questioned their decision to appear on the show and added: \"But if living life in the spotlight is so taxing and demands multiple justifications for the way your life is being lived and criticized, perhaps you can", "id": "19572029" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\na two-hour long episode entitled \"The Wedding\" on November 8, and ended on February 21, 2010; some of the episodes aired throughout the season were extended to a full hour. The fifth season of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" began airing on August 22, 2010, and concluded with another \"Junk in the Trunk\" episode on December 20. The sixth season commenced on June 12, 2011, and ended with a television special \"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\" which aired", "id": "19572044" }, { "contents": "Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\n\n\nKourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons is an American reality television series that premiered on E! on November 2, 2014. The series is the fourth spin-off show of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", following \"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\", \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\", and \"Khloé & Lamar\". The show featured sisters Kourtney and Khloé Kardashian who opened a new D-A-S-H location in The Hamptons on Long Island, New York. The Kardashians' DASH", "id": "9350840" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nparticularly in the Southwest\". Despite negative reviews from critics, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" has been nominated for, and won, several television awards. The reality series has received nominations for a Teen Choice Award in the Choice TV: Celebrity Reality Show category nine consecutive times between 2008 and 2016, winning the award in 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2016. The show also won a People's Choice Award as Favorite TV Guilty Pleasure in 2011. The Kardashian sisters have been nominated as part of the cast for", "id": "19572041" }, { "contents": "Rob Kardashian\n\n\ntelevision special featuring the birth of Kardashian and Chyna's newborn. The show concluded that December. Kardashian dated actress Adrienne Bailon from 2007 until 2009. Their relationship was documented on the family reality show \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". After months of speculation, in October 2012, Kardashian confirmed through his Twitter account that he and singer Rita Ora were dating. In December 2012, it was revealed that their relationship had ended. In December 2015, it was reported that Kardashian was hospitalized after falling ill and diagnosed with diabetes", "id": "8551615" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nfive awards, winning four times; Kim Kardashian has been nominated for three awards winning one in 2012. In 2010, Kris and Caitlyn Jenner received a Teen Choice Award nomination in a one-time Choice TV: Parental Unit category. \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" premiered on October 14, 2007, in the United States on the E! cable network at 10:30/9:30 pm ET/PT. The half-hour reality series continued to air every Sunday night in the same time slot, and the eight-episode first", "id": "19572042" }, { "contents": "Khloé Kardashian\n\n\nconfirmed on April 22, 2013 that Kardashian will not return to co-host \"The X Factor\" for its third season. On March 26, 2014, E! announced a \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" spin-off series titled \"Kourtney & Khloé Take the Hamptons\". \"The Hamptons\" follows Kourtney, Khloé, and Scott Disick as they relocate to The Hamptons while the girls work on the New York Dash store plus open a pop-up store. Since January 2016, Kardashian hosts the \"", "id": "5387953" }, { "contents": "Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\n\n\nKourtney and Kim Take Miami (previously titled Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami) is an American reality television series. It premiered on E! on August 16, 2009, as the first \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" spin-off. The series originally followed sisters Kourtney and Khloé Kardashian as they opened a second D-A-S-H location in Miami, Florida. From the third season onward, sister Kim Kardashian replaced Khloé, who had other work commitments. The third season began filming in October 2012,", "id": "21082085" }, { "contents": "Deadbeat Darling\n\n\nMorgantown, WV Necessary Roughness Episode 214 \"Fall Guy\" - Loaded Game of Chance The Jersey Shore Episode 2.9 \"The Dirty Pad\" - Without a Trace, Portrait of an Era Keeping Up with the Kardashians Episode 5.11 - Picture Perfect World The Spin Crowd - Portrait of an Era The X-Life - Episode 2 - \"It's My World, You Just Live in It\" - Bedroom Ceiling The Jersey Shore - Episode 2.6 \"Where's the Beach?\" - Brilliant Broken Glow I Used to be Fat -", "id": "17007589" }, { "contents": "Lamar Odom\n\n\n, who he calls [his] \"white dad\". DeGregorio is the godfather to Destiny and Lamar Jr. In September 2009, Odom married Khloé Kardashian after a month of dating. He had met her at a party for Lakers teammate Artest. Their wedding was featured on the E! reality-based series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", in which she stars. Odom became a fixture on the show and a household name to millions who were not already familiar with him as a basketball player. In December 2010", "id": "6256622" }, { "contents": "Alecko Eskandarian\n\n\namateur soccer match. Eskandarian finished his 1st season as a head coach with an undefeated record, as Cosmos B posted a 15-0-1 record in the 2015 NPSL season. Alecko is of Armenian-Iranian descent and is the son of former Iranian soccer player Andranik Eskandarian, who played soccer professionally for the New York Cosmos, and the Iranian national football team. Eskandarian also appeared on an episode of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". During the episode, fellow Armenian-American Kim Kardashian was set up with", "id": "11877617" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nfollowed Kourtney and Khloé who relocated to the Hamptons to work on opening a new Dash pop-up store. The fifth spin-off series called \"Dash Dolls\" premiered on September 20, 2015. The reality series chronicles the daily life of the employees of the Dash boutique in Los Angeles. In June 2016, the network announced another show entitled \"Rob & Chyna\" which premiered on September 11 the same year, and follows the relationship of Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna as they prepare to welcome their first child.", "id": "19572019" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nnetwork's executive producer. \"We were a place to report on celebrity; we weren't a place to break and make celebrity, which is now the whole idea of the E! brand.\" The show's success contributed significantly towards building the \"Kardashian brand\", or \"Kardashian Inc.\" as it is called by \"The Hollywood Reporter\". \"These shows are a 30-minute commercial,\" Khloé Kardashian admitted in 2011, in response to a suggestion that the television series is used to promote their retail stores", "id": "19572007" }, { "contents": "Selfish (book)\n\n\n[Kim's assistant] get a Polaroid, and we were taking photos around the entire house…making this cool book,\" Kardashian commented on an idea during an episode of \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\". \"It ended up turning out so cool we came up with this idea to do a selfie book. So I'm going to make some super racy,\" she continued. The book features various selfies of Kardashian, including travel pictures, family photos, and swimsuit shots. The book also features various", "id": "14776188" }, { "contents": "The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs\n\n\nSalinger's book. \"The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs\" aired two months after the death of author J.D. Salinger, and just weeks after letters by J.D. Salinger went on display at The Morgan Library & Museum in New York City. The episode also prominently features the Kardashian family, who are the focus of the E! reality series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". Sarah Jessica Parker, an actress who has been mocked on \"South Park\" before, is also lampooned in the story. During one scene, Butters", "id": "19320697" }, { "contents": "Khloé Kardashian\n\n\ndate – later saying she received the GED \"with honors\". In February 2007, a sex tape made by Kim Kardashian and her former boyfriend Ray J in 2003, \"Kim Kardashian, Superstar\", was leaked, which contributed to her rise to prominence. Later that year, Khloé; her mother Kris; her stepfather Bruce; her siblings Kourtney, Kim, and Rob; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie were commissioned to star in the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The series", "id": "5387946" }, { "contents": "Rob Kardashian\n\n\nRobert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known for appearing on \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", a reality television series that centers upon his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\", during which he placed second. Rob and his siblings derive most of their revenue by endorsing products such as Coca-Cola, for which they are paid (", "id": "8551610" }, { "contents": "Kourtney Kardashian\n\n\n: son Mason (born December 2009), daughter Penelope (born July 2012), and son Reign (born December 2014). Kardashian and Disick's on-again, off-again relationship has been shown on \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\" and its numerous spin offs. Kardashian's pregnancies and the births of all three of her children have also been featured on the show. In early 2010, the couple temporarily moved to Miami with their son and Kourtney's sister Kim. During this time, Kourtney believed", "id": "9245733" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nfrom the previous episode, while the second part aired the following day with similar viewership. \"I Am Cait\", a separate documentary series, was announced immediately after the \"20/20\" interview. Jeff Olde, head of programming at E! network, said that the series is \"not at all a \"Kardashian\" spin-off\", and that \"we will not resort to spectacle,\" trying to emphasize its distinct format that is entirely different from most programming on the network, including \"Keeping Up with", "id": "19572022" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nlatest addition, which includes the eleventh season of the show, was released on April 28, 2016. In the United Kingdom, the reality series is distributed by Universal Pictures UK. The DVD set of the seventh season, the latest addition, was released on June 24, 2013. The episodes of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" are also available on numerous streaming video on demand services, such as Amazon Video, iTunes, Google Play, Microsoft Movies & TV, Hulu, and Vudu, as well as the", "id": "19572048" }, { "contents": "Kim Kardashian\n\n\nKimberly Noel Kardashian West ( née Kardashian; born October 21, 1980) is an American media personality, entrepreneur, socialite, model, part-time singer and actress. West first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton but received wider notice after releasing a 2003 sex tape with her then-boyfriend Ray J in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". Its success soon led to the creation of", "id": "10821118" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n15, 2019. The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner. It also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner (previously known as Bruce Jenner), and brother Rob Kardashian. The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show, including Kourtney's ex-boyfriend Scott Disick, Kim's ex-husband Kris Humphries, and current husband Kanye West, Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom, ex-boyfriend French Montana,", "id": "19571991" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nin New York City. The series returned for another season which premiered on November 27 the same year. In January 2011, \"Khloé & Lamar\", which featured Khloé and her husband Lamar Odom, became the third spin-off of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The show premiered on April 10, 2011, and lasted two seasons. In March 2014, E! announced the fourth spin-off entitled \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\". The series premiered on November 2, 2014, and", "id": "19572018" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nsomething for their fellow man and not reap the benefits of their service, but two seasons' worth of self-absorbed egocentrism speaks to the contrary.\" Roxana Hadadi, reviewing \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" for \"The Washington Post\", was extremely negative towards the reality series due to its absurdity, and commented that the show: \"firmly captures all of Kim and Co.'s dumbest instances from the series' debut—from the simply self-absorbed to the downright despicable.\" Amaya Rivera, writing about", "id": "19572026" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nsummarized the controversy. Josh Duboff, writing for \"Vanity Fair\", commented on the show's long run and said that \"it is near impossible to argue that their continued relevance, 10 years later, is anything other than awe-inspiring and remarkable\". \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" has been a ratings success for E! in its first month it became the highest-rated series aired on Sunday nights for adults 1834 and was seen by 1.3 million total viewers, according to Nielsen Media Research. Lisa", "id": "19572035" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n. The two-hour fourth-season premiere, which aired on November 8, 2009, and featured the wedding ceremony of Khloé and Lamar Odom, brought in then-record ratings with 3.2 million viewers. The subsequent season debuted with nearly 4.7 million total viewers, which ranked as the highest-rated season premiere of the show, as of August 2015. It was also the second highest-rated episode of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", second only to the previous season's record-breaking finale with 4.8", "id": "19572037" }, { "contents": "Faye Resnick\n\n\nRichards. Her most infamous appearance is in series one, when she engages in an argument with Camille Grammer and Alison Dubois at Grammer's dinner party. It was later dubbed, by many cast members, as the dinner party from hell. Faye also appeared in Season 10, Episode 6 of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" entitled, \"Don't Panic\", as a guest at her friend Kris Jenner's birthday party in Las Vegas. Faye appeared again in \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" for Season 12", "id": "3051622" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nended with the couple's wedding special \"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\". They eventually went through a highly publicized divorce; Kardashian's former publicist later claimed that Humphries was allegedly set up to be portrayed on the show in a negative way and that the short-lived marriage was staged for the cameras as a ploy to generate money. Khloé married basketball player Lamar Odom during a fourth-season premiere aired in 2009. He later had a major role as part of the supporting cast of the series,", "id": "19572012" }, { "contents": "Kim Kardashian\n\n\nthe concierge. Once they accessed West's room, they held a gun to her head, tying her wrists and legs and wrapping duct tape around her mouth as a gag. West, who was placed in the bathtub, was physically unharmed and reportedly begged for her life. She managed to wriggle her hands free from the plastic ties around her wrists and scream for help. The thieves escaped. On October 6, 2016, it was revealed that filming for the next season of \"Keeping up with the Kardashians\" had", "id": "10821157" }, { "contents": "Jen Atkin\n\n\nfashion shows and made connections by talking herself into VIP lounges. Atkin frequently works with the stars of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", including styling their hair for the interview portions of the reality show. She met Kim through friends and began working with her in 2010 for a shoot for \"Cosmopolitan\". She met Khloe during the shoot, who asked her to create her looks for \"The X Factor\", and eventually began working with the rest of the family. She became friends with the Kardashians through this", "id": "13740435" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nIt would be natural.\" Producer Ryan Seacrest, who had his own production company, decided to develop the idea, having the popular family-based show \"The Osbournes\" in mind. He hired a camera man to visit the Kardashian's family home to film them having a Sunday barbeque: \"They were all together—as crazy and as fun as loving as they are,\" Seacrest described the family after seeing the tape. He later initiated the series by sharing the tape with E!, an American cable", "id": "19572000" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n. Harriet Ryan and Adam Tschorn of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described the reality series as a: \"Hollywood version of \"The Brady Bunch\" -- the harmless high jinks of a loving blended family against a backdrop of wealth and famous connections\". Kim Kardashian described the beginning of filming the show, \"When we first started [the show], we came together as a family and said, 'If we're going to do this reality show, we're going to be 100 percent who we really are", "id": "19572003" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n\"the Kardashian show is not about an eccentric family living conventionally; it is purely about some desperate women climbing to the margins of fame, and that feels a lot creepier.\" Laura Burrows of IGN criticized the family for being too self-seeking and using the given platform only to gain more notoriety for themselves. Following the conclusion of the second season of the series, Burrows wrote: \"Those of us who watch this show […] want to believe that these whores of attention have souls and would actually do", "id": "19572025" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nsome aspects of its storylines. Several critics also noted the show's lack of intelligence. However, some critics recognized the reality series as a \"guilty pleasure\" and acknowledged the family's success. Despite the negative reviews, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians \" has attracted high viewership ratings, becoming one of the network's most successful shows and winning several audience awards. The series' success has led additionally to the creation of numerous spin-off series, including: \"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\", \"Kourtney", "id": "19571993" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nthough he did not appear regularly during the following seasons as he was attempting to repair his marriage with Khloé. Kim's current husband Kanye West made his first appearance on \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" in July 2012 during the seventh season when he started dating Kim. However, West was seldom seen in subsequent seasons. He explained the reasons for not appearing on the show later: \"You know, the amount of backlash I got from it is when I decided to not be on the show anymore. And it", "id": "19572013" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nthe watershed. In North America, the first three seasons of the reality series were distributed on DVD. The first season was released on October 7, 2008, by Lions Gate Entertainment which obtained the home entertainment distribution rights for a variety of programming from Comcast Entertainment Group, including \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The second and third seasons of the series were released on November 10, 2009, and August 17, 2010, respectively. In Australia, all seasons are released on DVD by Universal Sony Pictures. The", "id": "19572047" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nand ex-fiancé Tristan Thompson. Caitlyn's son Brody Jenner made appearances in the early seasons, before appearing regularly between the 8th and 11th seasons, along with brother Brandon and Brandon's wife Leah. Kim's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khloé's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show. \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" has received very poor critical reviews since its premiere. It is often criticized for the high degree of emphasis on the \"famous for being famous\" concept, and for appearing to fabricate", "id": "19571992" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nthe series for \"Popmatters\", noted: \"Indeed, there is something disturbing about the Kardashians' intense hunger for fame. But even worseit is downright boring to watch this family live out their tedious lives.\" John Kubicek, the senior writer of BuddyTV, reviewed the premiere of the third season of the show and discussed the reason for the family's success by saying that: \"the Kardashians' fame is a lot like Möbius strip or an M. C. Escher painting.\" Harriet Ryan and Adam Tschorn of the", "id": "19572027" }, { "contents": "Kim Kardashian\n\n\nrelease as a publicity stunt to promote their upcoming reality show. In October 2007 West, in addition to her mother Kris Jenner, her step-parent Caitlyn Jenner (Bruce), her siblings Kourtney, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian, and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, began to appear in the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The series proved successful for E!, and has led to the creations of spin-offs including \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\" and \"Kourtney", "id": "10821124" }, { "contents": "Vail, Colorado\n\n\nthe Stephen Adly-Guirgis play \"Den of Thieves\" as the place Paul would like to go to for a \"Holistic wellness retreat\" The Kardashian sisters filmed in Vail, Colorado for their TV show Keeping Up With the Kardashians in 2016. Khloé Kardashian, Kendall, and Kylie Jenner skied and snowboarded down the mountain while exploring Vail's Vail Village and Lionshead. Vail has a council-manager form of government and is led by a seven-member town council elected at-large. Vail's public schools are part", "id": "17688645" }, { "contents": "Casa Aramara\n\n\nby Joe Francis and designed by Martyn-Lawrence Bullard. The home was featured on Bravo's hit television show, \"Million Dollar Decorators\", and E!'s mega franchise, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The estate has been a private getaway for Jennifer Aniston, Eva Longoria, Demi Moore, and the Kardashian family. In 2013, Kourtney Kardashian and boyfriend Scott Disick took their children to Casa Aramara. In December 2012, \"Extra\" and \"The X Factor\" host Mario Lopez used the property", "id": "18568294" }, { "contents": "Adrienne Bailon\n\n\nKim Kardashian. While dating Rob, Bailon appeared in a total of eight episodes of the reality series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", appearing as Rob's girlfriend. The show saw Bailon and Kardashian get tattoos with one another, among other aspects of their relationship. The couple officially split in 2009. On the breakup, Bailon stated \"You know they say opposites attract. I’m a real New Yorker [...] Sometimes I think the things that matter to us were different.\" Though the reasoning was not", "id": "20163982" }, { "contents": "Meredith Jones (author)\n\n\nTuck Trip\", and on BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 5 Live, and ABC Radio National. Jones has written articles about \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" for \"The Conversation\" and \"The Guardian\" newspapers, and in 2015 she organized \"Kimposium,\" the world's first academic conference for scholarship on the Kardashians. She described the experience as having required her to \"argue quite hard about the academic, social, and cultural significance of the Kardashians,\" and that she learned \"too much about", "id": "21703574" }, { "contents": "Criticism of reality television\n\n\ncast member interviews, and stages the auctions seen on the show. A&E denied the accusation, saying that the show is entirely authentic. On February 4, 2013, Russell Jay, a producer on the series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", stated in a 165-page deposition in the divorce proceedings of star Kim Kardashian and her husband, Kris Humphries, that at least two of the scenes that were shot for that series were scripted, reshot or edited in order to cast Humphries in a negative light following Kardashian's decision", "id": "21900159" }, { "contents": "Caitlyn Jenner\n\n\nJenner has starred in the E! reality series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" along with wife Kris Jenner, stepchildren Kourtney, Kimberley, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian (from Kris's marriage to attorney Robert Kardashian), and daughters Kylie and Kendall. In 2011, Jenner appeared in the Adam Sandler comedy \"Jack and Jill\" in a scene with Al Pacino as an actor in a play. Like \"Can't Stop the Music\", the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture and swept every Razzie", "id": "3534926" }, { "contents": "Dash (boutique)\n\n\nDash (stylized as DASH) was a boutique clothing and accessory chain founded in 2006 by the Kardashian sisters (Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé). , the chain had three locations in the United States. As of April 2018, all locations have closed after 11 years of operation. The first Dash boutique was opened in Calabasas, California in 2006. The original store was subsequently relocated to West Hollywood in 2012. The retail stores have appeared on reality television series about the Kardashian family, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians", "id": "5816864" }, { "contents": "Lamar Odom\n\n\n, his career declined. He was traded back to the Clippers in 2012 and played briefly in Spain in 2014. Odom played on the United States national team, winning a bronze medal in the Olympics in 2004 and a gold medal in the FIBA World Championship (known later as the World Cup) in 2010. Odom was married to Khloé Kardashian from 2009 to 2016. During their marriage, Odom made several appearances on the reality television show, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". He and Kardashian also had their own", "id": "6256585" }, { "contents": "Comments by Celebs\n\n\nhosts have included Katie Couric, Lisa Rinna, and Gary Janetti. In January 2019 they left Betches and partnered with Cadence13. The podcast generally consists of five sections: weekly celebrity news, a comments award ceremony, a Kardashian update, a Q&A, and a game (usually The Dinner Party Game). In February 2019, they started releasing weekly bonus podcast episodes which focus on the stars of \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\". The episodes discuss Kardashian news, scandals, and past and current episodes of the reality", "id": "7674974" }, { "contents": "Kourtney Kardashian\n\n\nKourtney Mary Kardashian (born April 18, 1979) is an American media personality, socialite, businesswoman, model, and author. In 2007, she and her family began starring in the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". Its success led to the creation of spin-offs including \"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\" and \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\". With sisters Kim and Khloé, Kourtney is involved in the retail and fashion industries. They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances,", "id": "9245722" }, { "contents": "The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs\n\n\nonto the set of reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" and murders the entire Kardashian family with a pump-action shotgun. Both \"The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs\" and \"The Poop That Took a Pee\" are banned as a result, and Butters is devastated, mainly because he always saw Kim Kardashian as \"the most beautiful woman in the world\". Stan and Kyle suggest that rather than reading books and mindlessly discovering false messages in them, people should simply watch television instead. Cartman also tricks", "id": "19320689" }, { "contents": "Khloé Kardashian\n\n\nKhloé Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American media personality, socialite, model, businesswoman, and entrepreneur. Since 2007, she has starred with her family in the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". Its success has led to the creation of spin-offs, including \"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\" (2009–2013) and \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\" (2014–2015). From September 2009 to October 2016, she was married to basketball player Lamar Odom, whom", "id": "5387941" }, { "contents": "Kourtney Kardashian\n\n\nshe earned money for charity. In February 2007, a sex tape made by her sister Kim and former boyfriend Ray J in 2003, \"Kim Kardashian, Superstar\", was leaked, which largely contributed to her rise to prominence. Later that year, Kourtney, in addition to her mother Kris; her stepfather Bruce (now known as Caitlyn); her siblings Kim, Khloé, and Rob; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie were commissioned to star in the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"", "id": "9245726" }, { "contents": "Kourtney and Kim Take New York\n\n\nKourtney and Kim Take New York is an American reality television series that premiered January 23, 2011, on E! and ran for two seasons. It follows sisters Kourtney and Kim Kardashian as they open a Dash boutique in New York City. \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\" is the second spin-off of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\" follows Kourtney Kardashian as she leaves Los Angeles once more, this time followed by younger sister Kim, to open a third", "id": "1240738" }, { "contents": "Kris Jenner\n\n\nKristen Mary Jenner (née Houghton , formerly Kardashian; born November 5, 1955) is an American television personality, entertainment manager, producer, businesswoman, and author. She rose to fame starring in the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" (2007–present). She has four children from her first marriage to lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robert, and two children from her second marriage to television personality and retired Olympic Games medalist, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn): Kendall and Kylie", "id": "8660224" }, { "contents": "Kris Jenner\n\n\nfurther commented on the possible series: The show eventually was picked up to air on the E! cable network with Jenner acting as the executive producer. The series focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended families. The series debuted on October 14, 2007, and has later become one of the longest-running reality television shows in the country. The twelfth season of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" started airing on May 1, 2016. The show has resulted in the development of several", "id": "8660229" }, { "contents": "Jam (Turn It Up)\n\n\nCulver City, California recording studio by director Hype Williams but never officially released. The video also featured a special appearance by Kanye West. In March, Kim tweeted pictures from the video shoot in which she is sporting a white fur and long braids. Some behind-the-scenes archive footage from the video were shown in ads for \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", Season 6. According to Kim's sister, Khloé Kardashian, \"It [the video] was never meant to be played publicly.\" She", "id": "14389502" }, { "contents": "The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs\n\n\nplays a major part in the episode, as the South Park boys are inspired to write their own book when they feel Salinger's book does not live up to its controversial reputation. The episode also mocks actress Sarah Jessica Parker and the Kardashian family from the reality series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". \"The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs\" received generally positive reviews, with many commentators praising the episode's themes of the over-analysis of works of culture. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by", "id": "19320682" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nnetwork which features mostly entertainment-related programming, and reality television series; the show was eventually picked up. In August 2007, it was announced that the Kardashian and Jenner families would star in a yet-to-be-titled reality show on E! described as a \"new non-scripted family sitcom\", being produced by Ryan Seacrest and Bunim/Murray Productions. The series' announcement came one week after Paris Hilton and her friend Nicole Richie announced that their popular E! series, \"The Simple Life", "id": "19572001" }, { "contents": "Tokyo Stylez\n\n\nWilliam Jackson, known professionally as Tokyo Stylez (born December 15, 1989), is a hairstylist and wigmaker originally from Omaha, Nebraska. He is best known for his appearances on E!'s \"Keeping up with the Kardashians\" and \"Life of Kylie\" as Kylie Jenner’s personal hairstylist. He has also styled Kim Kardashian, Gabrielle Union, Nicki Minaj, Kendall Jenner, Rihanna and Cardi B. Tokyo Stylez grew up in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother was incarcerated for part of his childhood. During that time", "id": "7675180" }, { "contents": "Deep fried Oreo\n\n\n. He said it is one of the most popular food in the Taiwanese night market. In 2013, Kim Kardashian appeared on \"The Jay Leno Show\" and she introduced the deep fried Oreo. On the program, Kardashian cooked her deep fried Oreos with Food Network chef Guy Fieri and said of the goodies: \"It's like a once-a-year snack.\" A famous Japanese YouTuber named Yuka Kinoshita, who is also known as a gurgitator, filmed a video of eating over 30 fried oreos in 2016", "id": "7386159" }, { "contents": "Jonathan Cheban\n\n\nappearance on the reality show \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", appearing as a friend of the Kardashian sisters. He subsequently appeared in several episodes of the show's spin-offs, \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\", \"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\" and \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\". In 2010, Cheban starred in his own reality show, \"The Spin Crowd\", chronicling the lives of Cheban, Simon Huck and their employees at his firm. The series' executive producer was", "id": "12588095" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\ntake the cameras out of your house.\" Vinnie Mancuso, writing for \"New York Observer\", criticized the show and felt: \"roughly one iota of shadenfreudic pleasure from this endeavor, but for the most part this show is the 100% drizzling poops.\" David Hinckley of the \"New York Daily News\", reviewing the tenth season, said that \"even when you think something about the Kardashians could be interesting, it's not,\" adding that the \"entertainment value [of the show] is", "id": "19572030" }, { "contents": "Dash Dolls\n\n\nDash Dolls is an American reality television series that premiered on the E! cable network, on September 20, 2015. The show is a spin-off of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The series features a group of young female employees, referred to as Dash Dolls, working in the Dash boutique in Hollywood which is owned by the Kardashian sisters. The series was greenlit on March 26, 2014. The show is broadcast on E!, an American cable network which features mostly entertainment-related programming and", "id": "13156055" }, { "contents": "Celebrity culture\n\n\nexample, the Kardashian family has no real talents to be celebritized, but they provide excess amounts of entertainment via their TV series, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians,\" that allows them to remain in the spotlight, acting as the pinnacle of celebrity culture. One possible explanation of this trend is that an artificial importance has been created in order to promote a product or a service, rather than to record a purely biographical event. As more new products are launched in a world market that is constantly expanding, the need", "id": "15843906" }, { "contents": "Kim Kardashian\n\n\nstars, estimating them at $6 million. In April 2011, West released her third fragrance \"Gold\". In March 2012, West debuted her fourth fragrance, titled \"True Reflection\", which she worked with the company Dress for Success to promote. In April, \"E!\" renewed \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" for two additional seasons, in a deal reported to be worth $50 million. In October 2012, West released her fifth fragrance, \"Glam\", which \"draws on the", "id": "10821133" }, { "contents": "Dash Dolls\n\n\nClaudia Frank serve as executive producers, along with the Kardashian sisters and Kris Jenner. The network describes the premise of the show as: Dash is a chain of retail stores which was founded in 2006 by the Kardashian sisters. There are several stores operating in the United States; the reality series is set in a boutique located in West Hollywood, which was opened in 2012 when the store was relocated from its original location in Calabasas, California. On April 5, 2015, the network aired an episode of \"Keeping Up", "id": "13156057" }, { "contents": "Khloé & Lamar\n\n\nKhloé & Lamar is an American reality television series that debuted on E! in the United States and Canada on April 10, 2011. The series is the third spin-off of the show \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" and features reality star Khloé Kardashian and her then-husband, basketball player Lamar Odom. The series returned for its second and final season on February 19, 2012. Riley Sky of \"Dropkick Divas Media\" gave the series 3 out of 5 stars, saying \"Khloé & Lamar is probably", "id": "1518219" }, { "contents": "Two Weeks (The Office)\n\n\nPrince Family Paper\", an episode from earlier in the fifth season, in which Michael and Dwight go undercover at Prince Paper to learn their company secrets and steal their clients. While flirting with Charles, Kelly said her family was so close they were like the Kardashians, a reference to the E! reality series, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". Several reviewers compared Pam's decision to quit with Michael to that of Renée Zellweger's character in the 1996 film \"Jerry Maguire\", and the final scene in", "id": "18377026" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nand Kim Take New York\", \"Khloé & Lamar\", \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\", \"Dash Dolls\", \"Rob & Chyna\", and \"Life of Kylie\". The network has also broadcast several television specials featuring special events involving members of the family and friends. Robert Kardashian (19442003) and Kristen Mary \"Kris\" Houghton (born 1955) married in 1978, and had four children together: daughters Kourtney (born 1979), Kim (born 1980), and Khloé", "id": "19571994" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nthe suit in April 2007, settling with Vivid Entertainment for $5 million. The release of the sex tape was a major contributor to the rising fame of Kim Kardashian and her family. The idea of creating a reality series originated in 2006 when Kris Jenner showed an interest in appearing on a television show together with her family. Jenner commented: \"Everybody thinks that [my children] could create a bunch of drama in their lives, but it's something that I felt I didn't even have to think about.", "id": "19571999" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\n] There are a lot of family sitcom elements to 'Kardashians,' and we think that humor and warmth will carry over to Miami,\" Harbert added. The show premiered on August 16, 2009, to very high ratings; the first episode brought in 2.7 million total viewers and then became the most-watched show on the network since \"The Anna Nicole Show\" in 2002. The spin-off was subsequently renewed for a second season which premiered on June 13, 2010, and later returned as \"Kourtney", "id": "19572016" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nThe show was later renewed for a second season. In July 2017, E! confirmed the series was put on hold, and not on their current schedule. The network has also aired several television specials featuring important family events. A two-part television event called \"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\", showcasing the wedding between Kim and Kris Humphries, was broadcast on October 9 and 10, 2011, as part of the sixth season; the special was highly successful with a combined 10.5 million viewers.", "id": "19572020" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nlike having spent 10 years in Rapid City, S.D., watching the traffic lights change.\" Amy Amatangelo of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" said that \"in true Kardashian fashion, they managed to make everything about them,\" after Caitlyn Jenner came out as a trans woman to her family in the \"About Bruce\" special aired as part of the tenth season. Amatangelo felt that the conversations \"seemed a little too staged, too controlled\", and noted that \"there was no attempt to educate the viewers about transgender", "id": "19572031" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nBerger, executive vice president of original programming and series development for E!, said: \"The buzz surrounding the series is huge, and viewers have clearly fallen for the Kardashians. […] Seacrest and Bunim-Murray's unique ability to capture this family's one-of-a-kind dynamics and hilarious antics has made the series a fantastic addition to our prime-time lineup.\" The second season continued the success and was viewed by 1.6 million viewers on average, which led to a third season renewal", "id": "19572036" }, { "contents": "Caitlyn Jenner\n\n\nof \"world's greatest athlete\", Jenner established a career in television, film, writing, auto racing, business, and as a \"Playgirl\" cover model. Jenner has six children with three successive wives—Chrystie Crownover, Linda Thompson, and Kris Jenner—and has since 2007 appeared on the reality television series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" with Kris, their daughters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kris's other children Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian. Assigned male at birth, Caitlyn", "id": "3534897" }, { "contents": "Dash (boutique)\n\n\n\", which premiered in 2007 on the E! cable network. Kim Kardashian has disclosed that she initially wanted \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" to focus more on their stores in order to bring people's attention and later said that she \"didn’t think it would turn into what it turned into.\" The second store was opened in Miami Beach, Florida on May 20, 2009. The third store was opened on November 3, 2010, in the SoHo district of Manhattan, New York City. The store", "id": "5816865" }, { "contents": "Kim Kardashian\n\n\ncaptors, prompting more questions as to whether or not the events were staged. In response, West filed lawsuits against several media outlets the following day, and secured a gag order to get the video removed from any articles due to it being part of an active police investigation. On October 25, 2016, West dropped the lawsuit, prompting more criticism that the robbery was a ploy to generate media attention. Production resumed on \"Keeping up with the Kardashians\" on October 26. Teen Choice Awards Other awards A Jenner changed", "id": "10821159" }, { "contents": "Terrence J\n\n\na recurring role on the debut of the E! network's television series: \"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\", a spin-off series of \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" featuring Kourtney and Khloé Kardashian. He co-hosted the radio show Khloé After Dark with Khloé on Y100. In 2008, he had a small cameo appearance in Estelle's video for her hit single American Boy. In 2011, he began a recurring role as Danté Young (the younger boyfriend of Tasha Mack) BET comedy-drama", "id": "1140440" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nKim's early career, she was involved in some high-profile relationships including Brandy Norwood's brother, singer Ray J, and later, singer Nick Lachey. In 2006, Kourtney starred in her first reality television series, \"\". In February 2007, a home sex tape that Kim made with Ray J years earlier was leaked. Vivid Entertainment bought the rights for $1 million and released the film as \"Kim Kardashian, Superstar\" on February 21. Kim sued Vivid for ownership of the tape, but dropped", "id": "19571998" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nand endorsement deals. On August 3, 2017, it was announced the show's 10 year anniversary will premiere on September 24, 2017, following the show's season 14 premiere. On August 24, 2017, it was announced the family had signed a $150 million deal with E!. On August 20, 2018, Kim Kardashian announced on Twitter that the family would begin filming Season 16 the following week. The reality series revolves around the children of Kris Jenner, and originally focused mainly on the children from her", "id": "19572008" }, { "contents": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians\n\n\nsubsequently caused public outrage, including an online protest petition to cancel the show. \"Since Kim doesn't exactly seem to be an exemplar of self-awareness, I suppose it's possible that she really believed she and Humphries would live happily ever after,\" Kelly speculated whether or not the marriage was a publicity stunt. \"But more likely, she and E! are laughing all the way to the bank 10.5 million viewers tuned into \"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\", after all,\" Kelly", "id": "19572034" } ]

[ { "contents": "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\n\n\nThe Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain is a 1995 British film with a story by Ifor David Monger and Ivor Monger, written and directed by Christopher Monger. It was entered into the 19th Moscow International Film Festival and was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based on a story heard by Christopher Monger from his grandfather about the real village of Taff's Well, in the old county of Glamorgan, and its neighbouring Garth Hill. Due to 20th", "id": "2561882" }, { "contents": "Media in Cardiff\n\n\nbuilding houses most of the Cardiff School of Creative and Cultural Industries faculty (CCI for short) of the University of South Wales. Cardiff is the filming location and/or setting for many mainstream television programmes such as \"Torchwood\", \"Doctor Who\", \"Sarah Jane Adventures\", \"Merlin (TV series)\", \"Gavin & Stacey\", \"Caerdydd\" and Pobl y Cwm, and for films such as \"Human Traffic\", \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\"", "id": "14277805" }, { "contents": "Garth Hill\n\n\nthe primary school. The access road to Pentyrch village, Heol Goch, runs between the main and lesser Garth. Christopher Monger, a native of Taff's Well, wrote the novel \"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\". The location of the fictional \"Ffynnon Garw\" above the writer's home village suggests that it is the Garth and the mound on which the trigonometrical point stands is a Bronze Age burial mound. Monger adapted the story for the 1995 film of the same title on", "id": "19901910" }, { "contents": "Taff's Well\n\n\nthe Taff Trail runs. Taff's Well is next to Castell Coch, which overlooks Cardiff. The actor David Jason spent much time in Taff's Well and based the situation comedy Open All Hours based upon Arthur's shop which is one of many buildings to have been dismantled and sent to the St Fagan's Museum of Welsh Life. Taff's Well is the original location of the story that inspired the film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\", by Ivor Monger and Christopher Monger.", "id": "9712074" }, { "contents": "Llansilin\n\n\nmaking of the film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\", which starred Hugh Grant. The hilltop scenes were filmed on the Gyrn, the long hill that overlooks the village. It was also featured in \"Monk's Hood\", an episode of \"The Cadfael Chronicles\". The church in Llansilin is dedicated to Saint Silin (now better known as Sulien). The earliest part of the present building dates from the 13th century, although there had been a church on the site", "id": "16126734" }, { "contents": "Hill\n\n\n, which formed the basis of the plot of the 1995 film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\". In contrast, hillwalkers have tended to regard mountains as peaks above sea level: the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" also suggests a limit of and Whittow states \"Some authorities regard eminences above as mountains, those below being referred to as hills.\" Today, a mountain is usually defined in the UK and Ireland as any summit at least high, while the official UK government's definition", "id": "394013" }, { "contents": "English-language accents in film\n\n\nloosest intonation system in the whole of the British Isles.\" The accent is more difficult than Irish and Scottish. For \"How Green Was My Valley\" (1941), set in Wales but filmed in California, director John Ford avoided depicting the Welsh accent by casting British and Irish actors who spoke with Irish accents. For the British film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\" (1995), director Christopher Monger sought to capture the accent onscreen by having actors Colm Meaney, Tara", "id": "19789098" }, { "contents": "Ieuan Rhys\n\n\nin the daytime drama series Pitching In along side Larry Lamb and Hayley Mills (BBC/LA Productions) and Dorien in S4C's popular 'whodunnit' drama series 35 Awr (Boom Cymru) His film work includes \"Masterpiece\" (Burn Hand Films), \"Goldfish in a Blender\" and \"What?\" (Screengems), \"Ringfinger\" (Fiction Factory), \"Darklands\" (Lluniau Lliw) and the Hugh Grant film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain.\"", "id": "20874385" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Griffith\n\n\nEnglishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\" (1995) and the Minister in \"Very Annie Mary\" (2001). In 1965, Huw Wheldon and the then director of BBC2, David Attenborough, asked Griffith if he would like to make a film for the BBC on any subject that he chose. This resulted in a series of films on subjects as diverse as the Boer War in \"Soldiers of the Widow\" (BBC tx. 27/5/1967), \"A Touch of Churchill\", \"", "id": "7886368" }, { "contents": "Tara Fitzgerald\n\n\nSirens\". The film landed Fitzgerald an Australian Film Institute nomination for Best Actress in a Lead Role. Two years later she again appeared with Grant in the comedy\" The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\". Fitzgerald appeared in a steady stream of independent feature films through the 1990s and 2000s, among them \"A Man of No Importance\" (1994), \"Brassed Off\" (1996), the Czech World War II fighter pilot drama \"Dark Blue World\" (2001),", "id": "488666" }, { "contents": "Ian McNeice\n\n\n2001 Series 4 Episode 4. McNeice has also appeared in a number of films, including \"84 Charing Cross Road\", \"Day of the Dead\", \"No Escape\", \"From Hell\" and \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\". His breakthrough into American films occurred when he played Fulton Greenwall in \"\" (1995). He played the Nazi Gerhard Klopfer in the 2001 BBC/HBO television film \"Conspiracy\". Since then, he has been in \"", "id": "7654129" }, { "contents": "Ian McNeice\n\n\nIan McNeice (born 2 October 1950) is an English actor and voice actor. He found fame portraying government agent Harcourt in the 1985 television series \"Edge of Darkness\", and went on to feature in popular films such as \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\", \"\" and \"Frank Herbert's Dune\". He played the Newsreader in historical drama \"Rome\" (2005–2007) and currently plays Bert Large in the comedy drama series \"Doc Martin\" (2004–present).", "id": "7654126" }, { "contents": "Christopher Monger\n\n\nof Modern Art in New York City, and shortly thereafter he moved to Los Angeles to work with producer Ed Pressman of \"Badlands\" fame. His graduation short, a comic rendering of the life of 8th Chinese poet Han Shan, \"Cold Mountain\", was the opening film of the first ever British Festival of Independent Film in 1974. As a director, his credits include: \"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\" (1995) for Miramax Films, adapted from his novel of", "id": "22104005" }, { "contents": "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\n\n\nand make it high enough to be considered a mountain. In regard to its humorous and affectionate description of the locals, the film has often been compared with \"Waking Ned\", a comedy film written and directed by Kirk Jones. The movie has resulted in a stream of visitors climbing to the summit of The Garth, and the Pentyrch History Society and the local community council have erected a notice on the mountain to explain its real historical significance. One joke in the film which may not be obvious to non-Welsh", "id": "2561885" }, { "contents": "Cinema of Wales\n\n\n. In 2009 a biopic of the early relationship between Welsh poet Dylan Thomas and his wife Caitlin Macnamara was released entitled \"The Edge of Love\". Despite an improvement in film production in Wales, finance is still an issue with very few films being created without external funding. \"House of America\" took its funding from six different sources while Multinationals funded both \"Twin Town\" (PolyGram) and \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\" (Miramax). Film in Wales is supported", "id": "5164264" }, { "contents": "Lisa Palfrey\n\n\na Welsh language secondary school near Pontyclun. Palfrey started acting at the age of 20 when she played the role of 15-year-old girl, Jane Sanderson, in the BBC One television series \"The District Nurse\". Her first major role was in the film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\". She has gone on to star in the cult film \"House of America\", and appeared as Insp Tracey McAndrew in the third series of \"Line of Duty\" and \"Casualty", "id": "13231609" }, { "contents": "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\n\n\ncentury urbanisation of the area, it was filmed in the more rural Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant and Llansilin in Powys. The Welsh Male Voice Choir used to provide background music throughout the film was, in fact, the London-based Gwalia Male Choir. The film is set in 1917, with World War I in the background, and revolves around two English cartographers, the pompous George Garrad and his junior Reginald Anson. They arrive at the fictional Welsh village of Ffynnon Garw ( \"Rough Fountain\" or \"Rough Spring", "id": "2561883" }, { "contents": "Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant\n\n\nto Blodwell Junction was closed. The trackbed has been incorporated into agricultural use but the newly form Tanat Valley Light Railway have expressed interest in reopening the line to as far as Llanrhaiadr Mochnant for heritage and tourist use. But are currently focused on reaching Blodwell Junction from Nantmawr. Parts of the 1995 film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\", starring Hugh Grant, were filmed in the village, portraying the real-life village of Taff's Well, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, which by", "id": "85004" }, { "contents": "Waking Ned\n\n\n\"Certified Fresh\" score of 83% based on 59 reviews. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" lauded the film as \"another one of those delightful village comedies that seem to spin out of the British isles annually.\" He added, \"\"Waking Ned Devine\" can take its place alongside \"Local Hero\", \"Comfort and Joy\", \"The Snapper\", \"The Van\", \"The Full Monty\", \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a", "id": "19610088" }, { "contents": "Christopher Monger\n\n\nChristopher Monger (born 1950) in Taffs Well, Cardiff, Wales is a Welsh screenwriter, director and editor, best known for writing and directing \"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\" and writing the HBO biopic \"Temple Grandin\". He has directed eight feature films and written over thirty screenplays. Monger was born in Taff's Well, Wales. His father, Ifor David Monger, was the local doctor and a published author and playwright. His short story \"The Man Who Lost", "id": "22104001" }, { "contents": "Taff's Well\n\n\nthe Carboniferous Limestone, in somewhat similar manner to the warm springs at Bristol and Bath. Various religious groups regard it as a spiritual site. The Garth Mountain overlooks the village and was the inspiration for the fictional \"Ffynnon Garw\", featured in the book, and film \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\". The name \"Taff's Well\" is derived from the situation of the village alongside the River Taff and the presence of the warm spring within Taff's Well Park . Taff", "id": "9712071" }, { "contents": "List of Welsh films\n\n\n-man show featuring Bob Kingdom as Thomas and directed by Anthony Hopkins. 1992: \"Elenya\", concerning a woman of Italian descent living in Wales, was directed by Steve Gough. 1992: \"Under Milk Wood\" is an animated adaptation of the Dylan Thomas play. 1994: \"Second Best\", starring William Hurt, Alan Cumming\" and Chris Cleary Miles, was directed by Chris Menges. 1995: \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\", starring Hugh Grant, was", "id": "5904240" }, { "contents": "Mynydd y Glyn\n\n\nMynydd y Glyn is a mountain in South Wales, between the towns of Pontypridd and Tonyrefail. It has a height above sea level of 377 metres. It is the mountain which was used in \"The Englishman who went up a Hill and came down a Mountain\" in which Hugh Grant and Ian McNeice star as English cartographers. In the film the mountain is known as 'Ffynnon Garw'. In the story, set in the First World War years, written by Ifor Christopher and Ivor Monger, Welsh villagers are determined", "id": "823021" }, { "contents": "David Lloyd Meredith\n\n\nDavid Lloyd Meredith (30 October 1933 – 22 October 2008) was an English actor. He came from a Welsh family background, but was born in London. His best known role was as uniform Sergeant, then Detective Sergeant (finally Detective Inspector) Bob Evans in \"\" for its entire run from 1969 to 1976. He also played small roles in films such as \"That Summer!\", \"Henry V\" and \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\". He also trained", "id": "15703637" }, { "contents": "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\n\n\n\" in Welsh) to measure its \"mountain\" – only to cause outrage when they conclude that it is only a hill because it is slightly short of the required 1000 feet (305 m) in height. The villagers, aided and abetted by wily local Morgan the Goat and the Reverend Mr Jones (who after initially opposing the scheme, grasps its symbolism in restoring the community's war-damaged self-esteem), conspire to delay the cartographers' departure while they build an earth mound on top of the hill", "id": "2561884" }, { "contents": "Stephen Endelman\n\n\nStephen Endelman is a British born classical composer and conductor. He is best known for his soundtracks including \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\" (1995), \"Ed\" (1996), \"City of Industry\" (1997), \"Finding Graceland\" (1998), \"The Proposition\" (1998), \"Jawbreaker\" (1999), \"Evelyn\" (2002), \"Home of the Brave\" (2006) and \"Redbelt\" (2008).", "id": "19865707" }, { "contents": "Hugh Grant\n\n\nwas then becoming, rather than the international dreamboat he is today.\" His next role was as a cartographer in 1917 Wales in \"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\" (1995). Grant's first studio-financed Hollywood project was opposite Julianne Moore in Chris Columbus's comedy \"Nine Months\" (1995). Though a hit at the box office, it was almost universally panned by critics. The \"Washington Post\" called it a \"grotesquely pandering caper\" and singled out", "id": "7159571" }, { "contents": "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\n\n\nspeakers occurs when a mechanic is asked about a nondescript broken part he has removed from a car, and replies \"Well I don't know the English word, but in Welsh we call it a \"be'chi'ngalw.\"\" In Welsh, \"be'chi'ngalw\" is a placeholder name, like \"whatchamacallit\" or \"thingamajig\" in English. and literally means \"what [do] you call\" and is a contracted form of \"beth dych chi'n galw\". The joke is made obvious in the novel on which the", "id": "2561886" }, { "contents": "Gwalia Male Choir\n\n\nwidely in Europe, most recently in Lombardy, Italy. Choir members sang as part of the closing ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games. The choir appeared on the 1973 album Back Into The Future by Welsh psychedelic/progressive rock band Man (band), and on the sound track of the Hugh Grant movie The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain. They also appear on the Chris De Burgh album \"Beautiful Dreams\" and have performed live on the Robert Elms show on BBC Radio London as", "id": "15929897" }, { "contents": "1967 United States Grand Prix\n\n\nWhile the Englishman struggled to find a gear, the Ferrari went through for second place. Amon, however, suddenly saw his oil pressure drop on lap 76, and Hill regained second place. After eight laps, when Hill's Lotus again was unable to select a gear, Amon moved back into second until lap 96, when, after a scintillating drive, his engine finally ran out of oil entirely. \"With Hill too far behind to take up the claim on first he had 'won' the night before,", "id": "8865068" }, { "contents": "Ash Hill (Maryland)\n\n\nAsh Hill, or Hitching Post Hill, is a two-story brick dwelling erected ca. 1840, and located on Rosemary Lane, in Hyattsville, Prince George's County, Maryland. The house was built by Robert Clark, an Englishman who was seeking space and quiet in contrast to the crowded city of Washington, D.C. In 1875, General Edward Fitzgerald Beale bought the property. Beale entertained luminaries such as President U.S. Grant (a close personal friend who kept his two Arabian horses, Leopard and Linden, stabled at Ash", "id": "1427381" }, { "contents": "Mohammed al Janahi\n\n\nMohammed al Janahi (; died June 20, 2008) was a noted Emirati film and stage actor. Al Janahi starred in the role of Moubarak in the 1998 French film, \"La Guerre de l'eau\" (\"Sands of Eden\"). He appeared in the film opposite actors Randy Quaid, Christian Brendel and Rose-Marie LaVaullee. The film, which was released in 1998, told the story of an Englishman who grows up in Arabia with his father, an archaeologist. The Englishman returns to Arabia over 25 years", "id": "3495993" }, { "contents": "The Englishman's Boy\n\n\nThe Englishman's Boy is a novel by Guy Vanderhaeghe, published in 1996 by McClelland and Stewart, which won the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction in 1996 and was nominated for the Giller Prize. It deals with the events of the Cypress Hills Massacre (1873) as told 50 years later to a young screenwriter in Hollywood by the last living survivor. On March 2, 2008, \"The Englishman's Boy\" premiered as a made-for-television film on CBC with a budget of $11.7", "id": "12576076" }, { "contents": "The Adventures of Algy\n\n\nThe Adventures of Algy is a 1925 Australian film comedy from director Beaumont Smith about a \"silly ass\" Englishman (Claude Dampier) who inherits a sheep station in New Zealand. It is an unofficial follow up to \"Hullo Marmaduke\" (1924), which also starred Dampier. Unlike most of Smith's silent films, most of the movie survives today. Algy (Claude Dampier) is an Englishman who travels to New Zealand to claim a sheep station he has inherited. He falls in love with a neighbour, Kiwi", "id": "10196645" }, { "contents": "Two Fathers (film)\n\n\nTwo Fathers is a 1944 British wartime propaganda short film made by the Crown Film Unit, a division of the Ministry of Information, and directed by Anthony Asquith. An Englishman (Bernard Miles) and a Frenchman (Paul Bonifas) find themselves sharing a room in a hotel in an unidentified English location, and fall into conversation. The Englishman's son is in the Royal Air Force, and when the Frenchman shows him a photograph of his daughter, the Englishman remarks that it is less worrisome to have a daughter than a", "id": "7564419" }, { "contents": "Splendid Fellows\n\n\nSplendid Fellows is a 1934 Australian film from director Beaumont Smith about an Englishman (Frank Leighton) who comes to Australia. The cast includes Eric Colman, brother of Ronald Colman, and Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith, who has a cameo as himself. It was Smith's last film. \"Silly ass\" Englishman Hubert Montmorency \"Monty\" Ralston goes to Australia after an argument with his father, accompanied by his valet, Thomson. In a Sydney two up parlour he befriends Australian farmer Jim McBride and goes with him to", "id": "9051766" }, { "contents": "Terry-Thomas\n\n\nCadogan de Vere Carlton-Browne, a character he described as being \"rubble from the nostrils up\", \"a certain type of Englishman, the Englishman who reads \"The Times\" and no other newspaper. A brolly carrier. A squash player. A bowler hat wearer. White collar, stiff, of course\". Film writer Andrew Spicer thought that Terry-Thomas's role \"was the quintessential upper-class 'silly-ass', a sad relic of a vanished world\". The film was initially", "id": "10779886" }, { "contents": "The Scapegoat (novel)\n\n\nThe Scapegoat is a 1957 novel by Daphne du Maurier. In 1959, it was made into a film of the same name, starring Sir Alec Guinness. It was also the basis of a film broadcast in 2012 starring Matthew Rhys and written and directed by Charles Sturridge. The plot concerns an Englishman who meets his double, a French aristocrat, while visiting France, and is forced into changing places with him. The Englishman is a single, rather lonely academic, and he finds himself caught up in all the intrigues and", "id": "2093956" }, { "contents": "Mister Johnson (film)\n\n\nMister Johnson is a 1990 American drama film based on the 1939 novel by Irish author Joyce Cary. The film, set in 1929, stars first-time actor Maynard Eziashi as a Nigerian who works as a clerk for the British civil service and adopts the style of the British colonialists in the belief that he is a true Englishman. It was the first American film to be shot on location in Nigeria. Mister Johnson, a Nigerian who has adopted the style of the British colonialists, works as an assistant to the colonialist", "id": "12532800" }, { "contents": "Kew Gardens, Queens\n\n\n, Richmond Hill south, Briarwood southeast, and Kew Gardens Hills east. Kew Gardens is located in Queens Community District 9 and its ZIP Code is 11415. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 102nd Precinct. Politically, Kew Gardens is represented by the New York City Council's 29th District. Kew Gardens was one of seven planned garden communities built in Queens from the late 19th century to 1950. Much of the area was acquired in 1868 by Englishman Albon P. Man, who developed the neighborhood of Hollis", "id": "9117490" }, { "contents": "Nathan Hill\n\n\nhis maternal grandfather who was a maker of home movies, a musician, and a performer in the Entertainment Corps in the Second World War in New Guinea. Hill's education began whilst doing work experience for ABC TV during high school. He then went on to study at NMCOT (Corporate Video), Box Hill TAFE (Theatre Technology), Humourversity (Stand-Up comedy), Academy of TV (Television acting) and VCA Drama School (Stage acting). Hill completed his film studies at Footscray Film Dept.", "id": "17726218" }, { "contents": "The Englishman and the Girl\n\n\nThe Englishman and the Girl was a 1910 short comedy film directed by D. W. Griffith. The film is currently presumed to be lost. A small town's drama group is preparing for a Pocahontas-type play, when one of the member's English relatives suddenly arrives for a visit. This man, unlike the theater group, does not have any sense of humor, which sparks the relative and his friends to play practical jokes on him. They dress up as Indians to scare them, but the Englishman is so convinced", "id": "17440941" }, { "contents": "Cash Harmon Television\n\n\nNLT producers, Englishman Don Cash (1910-1973) and American Bill Harmon (born in 1915 Poughkeepsie, New York-died 1981) Harmon had arrived in Australia in 1961 with his wife Del and children Mark and Paul. Both had previously worked in the United States and England, Cash began his career producing stage shows and training films for the Royal Air Force during World War II, and producing such films as The Lavender Hill Mob and Pandora and the Flying Dutchman, before emigrating to the United States and taking up", "id": "7961145" }, { "contents": "Bukit Larut\n\n\nofficer served as overseer of botanical gardens, streets and public buildings at Maxwell Hill in 1883. Maxwell Hill was gazetted as a Permanent Forest Reserve in 1910. The name Maxwell Hill was changed to Bukit Larut in 1979. J.W.W. Birch is said to have reached the top of the hill in 1875, as indicated on a commemorative stone found on Birch Hill, which is located 2.5 km above the top of Maxwell Hill. Although the engraving states “\"THE FIRST ENGLISHMAN TO CLIMB THIS HILL WAS MR T.W.W. Birch , FIRST BRITISH", "id": "10298887" }, { "contents": "Sorceress (1982 film)\n\n\n\"worked their hearts out on the film\" but also told him \"this production had the most problems of any movie they had ever been on - all kinds of things went wrong. The Mexican film vault on the studio lot even blew up.\" Hill wrote the part of Pando for Sid Haig who had appeared in many of Hill's films but Corman would not pay the actor's fee so another person played the role. Leigh and Lynette Harris had both appeared in \"Playboy.\" Like many New World films", "id": "20693663" }, { "contents": "Surtees TS16\n\n\ntenth. Watson retired with Clutch failure at the South African Grand Prix. The Englishman finished Eighth at Spain. Watson Spun off at the Monaco Grand Prix. The Englishman finished tenth at Belgian. Watson finished 16th at the Swedish Grand Prix. The Englishman retired with Vibrations at Holland. Watson finished 16th at the French Grand Prix. At Britain the Englishman finished 11th After he, Patrick Depailler (Tyrrell) and Mark Donohue, (Penske entered (March) went off at Stowe, The team also entered Dave Morgan who finished", "id": "3300424" }, { "contents": "The Sleeping Dictionary\n\n\nThe Sleeping Dictionary is a 2003 American romantic drama film written and directed by Guy Jenkin and starring Hugh Dancy, Jessica Alba, Brenda Blethyn, Emily Mortimer, and Bob Hoskins. The film is about a young Englishman who is sent to Sarawak in the 1930s to become part of the British colonial government. There he encounters some unorthodox local traditions, and finds himself faced with tough decisions of the heart involving a beautiful young local woman who becomes the object of his affections. \"The Sleeping Dictionary\" was filmed on location in", "id": "661161" }, { "contents": "Frank Laskier\n\n\nlose nothing in the reading. By a natural genius this seaman has found an expression and a rhythm which the poets and artists of the modern world have been striving after for generations.\" Soon after, Frank appeared in propaganda films to encourage enlistment in the Merchant Marines and went on speaking tours around the United States. One film is a Crown Film Unit production called \"Seaman Frank Goes Back to Sea\" which shows Frank patriotically re-enlisting for the Merchant Navy; the narrator calls him a \"real Englishman\" who", "id": "10062778" }, { "contents": "The Limey\n\n\nThe Limey is a 1999 American crime film, directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Lem Dobbs. The film features Terence Stamp, Lesley Ann Warren, Luis Guzmán, Barry Newman, Nicky Katt, and Peter Fonda. The plot concerns an English career criminal (Stamp) who travels to America to investigate the recent suspicious death of his daughter. It was filmed on location in Los Angeles and Big Sur. Critical reception was positive, but the film was not a financial success upon its original release. An Englishman named Wilson", "id": "16756305" }, { "contents": "John Gennings\n\n\nJohn Gennings (c. 1570 – 12 November 1660 in Douai) was an Englishman who was converted to Catholicism through the martyrdom of his elder brother Saint Edmund Gennings during the English Reformation. He restored the English province of Franciscan friars. His name is sometimes spelled \"Jennings.\" Edmund Gennings converted to Catholicism at the age of about sixteen, and soon after went to Rheims to study for the priesthood. On returning to England, he met his younger brother, John, near Ludgate Hill, and spoke to him without disclosing", "id": "20600975" }, { "contents": "The Desert Rats (film)\n\n\n\" (1952) for Fox in Australia and were flown to Hollywood. Richard Boone, who had just made \"Kangaroo\" with Rafferty and Tingwell, was announced for an important role. He ended up not appearing in the film. In November, Robert Newton's casting was confirmed, as was that of James Mason, who would reprise his role as Rommel. Filming started December 1952. Australian journalist Alan Moorehead was used as a consultant and the technical adviser was an Englishman now in the Canadian Army, Lieutenant George Aclund", "id": "4512586" }, { "contents": "The Legend of Ben Hall\n\n\nwho stepped up from production manager to producer as the film geared up for filming. Victorian financier Ross Angelo also joined as a producer. The production filmed for three weeks in August–September 2014. Locations included Lauriston, Trentham and Spring Hill in Victoria, as well as Jugoing and Forbes in New South Wales. The short film was financially supported by the Forbes Shire Council who believed in the film's potential to boost and promote tourism in the Forbes area due to its affiliation with Ben Hall history. The project was picked", "id": "1198945" }, { "contents": "The Deceivers (film)\n\n\nhe pulls it off, and not pay attention to the story and the things we want to take for granted, i.e., that it concerns an Englishman.'\" The part ultimately went to Pierce Brosnan, whom Meyer fondly described as \"Errol Flynn—with talent.\" Brosnan had just missed the chance to play James Bond due to his commitments to \"Remington Steele\". His casting was announced in April 1987. \"I play an Englishman, a glorified accountant working for the East India Trading Co.,\" said", "id": "8925998" }, { "contents": "The Outlaw Michael Howe\n\n\nThe Outlaw Michael Howe is a 2013 Australian historical drama film written and directed by Brendan Cowell. Set in the early 19th century, the film is based on the exploits of Michael Howe, an Englishman who was transported as a convict to the Australian penal colony of Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania), where he achieved infamy as a bushranger and outlaw. The film was shot on location in Tasmania, including Mount Field National Park. A large reconstruction of colonial Hobart was also built at Old Sydney Town in", "id": "17164951" }, { "contents": "John Brayshaw Kaye\n\n\nof Winneshiek County\" (1913), Others who joined the ranks of the attorneys about that time were John B. Kaye, who located at Calmar in 1872. Mr. Kaye was an Englishman by birth, coming to America with his parents in 1842. The family settled near Geneva, Wisconsin, in 1848, and in 1863, Mr. Kaye went to Nevada where he spent four years in gold camps. The next four years were a time of roving with him, but after a year at his old home he came to", "id": "6517648" }, { "contents": "1963 United States Grand Prix\n\n\nand he cruised into the pits to retire. \"I was just hanging on to him,\" Hill said afterward. \"He's a very tricky driver. He was gaining a half-second each lap on me until he went out. I think it was a good measure of the difference in our two cars.\" Suddenly in the lead again, with only Ginther on the same lap, Hill backed off and set his sights on bringing the car home.\" The Englishman drove under the flag 34 seconds ahead", "id": "8864902" }, { "contents": "Lone Pine Film Festival\n\n\n. The Lone Pine area was first used as a film location in 1920, when a movie production company came to the Alabama Hills to make the silent film \"The Round-Up\". Other companies soon discovered the scenic location, and in the coming decades, over 400 films, 100 television episodes, and countless commercials used Lone Pine and the Alabama Hills as a film location. Some of the notable films shot here in the 1920s and 1930s include \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" (1925) with Tom Mix", "id": "14685997" }, { "contents": "The Englishman of the Bones (film)\n\n\nThe Englishman of the Bones (Spanish:El inglés de los güesos) is a 1940 Argentine drama film based on a novel of the same name. The 79-minute black and white drama was directed for Lumiton by Carlos Hugo Christensen. Christiansen (1914–1999) was a poet, short story writer, journalist and playwright who became an assistant film director in 1939. This was one of the first films where he was credited as director. The script was written by Christensen based on the novel of the same name written by Benito Lynch", "id": "4490481" }, { "contents": "The Cheat (1912 film)\n\n\nThe Cheat is a 1912 Australian silent film directed by Alfred Rolfe. It is considered a lost film. An Englishman is wrongly accused of a crime and flees to Australia. On the boat over he saves the life of a squatter's daughter when she falls overboard. In gratitude, the girl's father gives him a job on his station. The Englishman falls in love with the girl and they get engaged to be married. However he faces opposition from the station manager, who causes trouble for them. The climax involves", "id": "12107534" }, { "contents": "The Ape (1940 film)\n\n\nthe plays \"The Cat and the Canary\" and \"The Bat\", noting its similarities to \"The Gorilla\" and Rudyard Kipling's short story \"The Mark of the Beast\". The play had a prologue set in India, where an Englishman has killed a sacred ape and a Hindu priest puts a curse on him. Thirty years later, the Englishman has become a nervous wreck and sent to Los Angeles to be looked after by his family. Film rights were bought by Monogram Pictures who filmed the play as", "id": "17019384" }, { "contents": "John Fitzpatrick (racing driver)\n\n\nsharing with Englishman David Hobbs. Another Englishman, Derek Bell, partnered Hobbs to assist Fitzpatrick to his third Los Angeles Times Grand Prix win in four seasons. The other JFR 935 at the Riverside was entered for Bell and Stommelen, who was the fastest 935 driver at that time, according to Bell. Rolf went off the road and damaged the car when on fresh tyres, did another lap slowly to check the car out, then went full-bore again only to have the rear body collapse, causing him to lose", "id": "1427506" }, { "contents": "Henry Timberlake (merchant adventurer)\n\n\nHenry Timberlake (1570 – 1625) was a prosperous London ship captain and merchant adventurer who travelled to the Mediterranean in his ship the \"Trojan\" early in 1601. After calling at Algiers (where he took on board Muslim passengers bound for Mecca) and Tunis, he reached Alexandria. Here he and his assistant Waldred took his Levant Company stock and went overland and then up the Nile to Cairo. Finding it impossible to sell his goods in Cairo, he went with another Englishman, John Burrell, to visit Jerusalem.", "id": "8585931" }, { "contents": "Notting Hill (film)\n\n\nwould be surrounded by thousands of people and paparazzi photographers who would prevent us from shooting\". The location team, and security personnel prevented this, as well as preventing problems the presence of a film crew may have caused the residents of Notting Hill, who Michell believes were \"genuinely excited\" about the film. Location manager Sue Quinn described finding locations and getting permission to film as \"a mammoth task\". Quinn and the rest of her team had to write to thousands of people in the area, promising to donate", "id": "21677950" }, { "contents": "1990 San Marino Grand Prix\n\n\nfor the lead. On the run up to Villeneuve, Mansell tried to go around the outside, but Berger closed the door, causing Mansell to spin dramatically. The Englishman avoided hitting anything and ended up pointing in the right direction, he continued in second place, however, dirt and debris had entered Mansell's engine, causing it to overheat and blow-up a few laps later. Mansell's demise left Berger ahead of Patrese, who went through into the lead on lap 51. Nannini and Prost battled over third", "id": "8971437" }, { "contents": "Jungle Woman (1926 film)\n\n\nJungle Woman is a 1926 Australian film directed by Frank Hurley. It was shot partly on location in Thursday Island back to back with another Hurley feature, \"The Hound of the Deep\" (1926). Englishman Martin South (Eric Bransby Williams) is leading an expedition into the Dutch New Guinea hinterland to search for gold, being joined by George Mardyke (Jameson Thomas), who he thinks is his friend. The expedition is attacked by headhunters and Mardyke leaves Martin for dead so he can pursue the latter's fiancée", "id": "10637006" }, { "contents": "The Deceivers (film)\n\n\n\" said Meyer. Christopher Reeve and Treat Williams were originally considered for the part of William Savage, but Meyer successfully lobbied to have an actual Englishman in the role. In his memoir \"The View from the Bridge\", Meyer wrote, \"'Here's a story about an Englishman who disguises himself as an Indian,' I reasoned. 'If you cast this actor, you will have an American disguising himself as an Englishman, disguising himself as an Indian. We will be lost in the stunt, even if", "id": "8925997" }, { "contents": "Jordan 199\n\n\nin 8th. He gained one further place late on, with a pass on Barrichello, but 7th was not enough to score points. The Jordans started 6th and 14th (Frentzen ahead of Hill) at round 6 in Canada, and the first corner clash between Trulli, Barrichello and Alesi allowed Hill to move up to 12th. The Englishman benefited from Alex Zanardi's problems on lap 4 and moved up to 11th. He became the first victim of the now infamous \"Wall of Champions\", however, and was out", "id": "2100262" }, { "contents": "Myint Myint Khin\n\n\nthe British colonial era in Myanmar. Her father, also known as E.A. Fairmen, was an Englishman from India. Myint Myint Khin's English name is Rita Fairmen. She attended a Yangon convent school up to seventh standard. She made her film debut in 1949 with \"Maya Shin\". Not only was she one of the main leading actresses in the 1950s, Myint Myint Khin went on to win multiple (five) Burmese Academy Awards in her nearly five-decade-long career—a feat still unmatched among Burmese", "id": "9559262" }, { "contents": "Algie's Romance\n\n\nAlgie's Romance is a 1918 Australian silent film. It is a comedy starring Charlie Chaplin impersonator Leonard Doogood as an Englishman who arrives in Australia and has adventures. An Englishman, Algie, arrives in Australia and stays with friends in the country. Twin sisters both fall in love with him. Various practical jokes are played on Algie, but he eventually proves his mettle. He proves himself a crack shot and gains a wife. Doogood was a Charlie Chaplin impersonator who had previously made a one-reel short film in South", "id": "13159701" }, { "contents": "The Englishman of the Bones (film)\n\n\n. Music was by George Andreani and cinematography by José María Beltrán. It was released in Argentina on 4 September 1940. The film \"El inglés de los güesos\" starred Arturo García Buhr, Anita Jordán and Pedro Maratea. \"El inglés de los güesos\" tells of a hopeless love between an English anthropologist and a gaucho girl. The Englishman, who has come to study fossils, must return to his homeland. The film treats the novel with respect, and provides a true interpretation. \"La Nación\" said of", "id": "4490482" }, { "contents": "Jack Taylor (referee)\n\n\nball went on the spot the whole stadium went quiet. Beckenbauer, the German skipper, came to me and said 'Taylor, you're an Englishman'. The kick went in and there was complete euphoria.\" \"What really does annoy me is the suggestion that I gave [the second penalty] to even things up. It was a trip or an attempted trip and the laws of the game are that's a penalty.\" Taylor grew up above the butcher's shop next to Wolverhampton Wanderers' Molineux home", "id": "4432025" }, { "contents": "Bed & Breakfast (1992 film)\n\n\nBed & Breakfast is a 1992 romantic comedy film directed by Robert Ellis Miller, and stars Roger Moore, Talia Shire, Colleen Dewhurst (in her final film role) and Nina Siemaszko. It began filming on York Beach, Maine in 1989. A charming Englishman changes the lives of three generations of women who run a near-bankrupt bed and breakfast. Three women find him out cold on a beach and offer him free board in return for fixing the place up and being the handy man. Claire, widow of Senator", "id": "8628823" }, { "contents": "Richhill, County Armagh\n\n\nRichhill or Rich Hill is a large village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies between Armagh and Portadown. It had a population of 2,821 people in the 2011 Census. Originally named Legacorry, it takes its name from Edward Richardson, who built the manor house that the village grew up around. At the beginning of the 1600s, the area of Richhill had long been part of the Irish Gaelic territory of Oneilland. In 1610, as part of the Plantation of Ulster, the land was granted to Englishman", "id": "10835892" }, { "contents": "Philip Henry Gosse\n\n\nto him as \"that crazy Englishman who goes about picking up bugs.\" During this time he became a member of the Natural History Society of Montreal and submitted specimens to its museum. In 1838 Gosse taught eight months for Reuben Saffold, the owner of Belvoir plantation, near Pleasant Hill, Alabama. In this period, planters often hired private tutors to teach their children. Gosse also studied and drew the local flora and fauna, assembling an unpublished volume, \"Entomologia Alabamensis\", on insect life in the state.", "id": "4740188" }, { "contents": "Silves, Portugal\n\n\nof bottle corks in a defunct factory which is now also a centre for cultural events called \"Fábrica do Inglês (The Englishman's Factory); and the municipal museum (Museu Municipal de Arqueologia) with findings from the palaeolithic onwards. The town is situated on a hill above the Arade River. Silves Castle is located on the top of the hill. It occupies ca. 12,000 m². Archaeological excavations have shown that the oldest buildings date back to the 8th century, the stratigraphy is almost 6 m deep and contains Iron", "id": "13832726" }, { "contents": "Blists Hill Victorian Town\n\n\nPeter\" included an item shot at the museum. The director of the piece subsequently chose it to be the principal filming location for the 1985 \"Doctor Who\" serial \"The Mark of the Rani\". The 1995 film \"Feast of July\" was shot at Blists Hill. An episode of \"Antiques Roadshow\" was filmed at the location in September 2009. In 2010, \"Victorian Pharmacy\", which was a historical documentary looking at life in the 19th century, used Blists Hill to recreate the scene at an", "id": "10191928" }, { "contents": "WEPF World Eight-ball championship\n\n\nThe WEPF World Eight Ball is a pool world championship hosted by the World Eightball Pool Federation in the discipline of eight-ball taking place annually since 1993. Most successful player is the Englishman Mick Hill, who won the World Champion title six times and has been runner-up twice. His compatriot Gareth Potts has been World Champion three times and runner-up once. In Ladies tournament, Scotland's Sue Thompson is the most successful player with eleven titles, while Emma Cunningham from Northern Ireland and Amy Beauchamp from England has", "id": "17532254" }, { "contents": "Williams FW15C\n\n\nfair for his debut win in the British Grand Prix before a rare engine failure 18 laps from the end left the home crowd disappointed. In Germany, Hill came even closer after a stop-go penalty held Prost up, but this time the Englishman's rear tyre suffered a puncture on the penultimate lap, with Prost again claiming the win. In Hungary Hill finally got his first win, a task made easier after Prost stalled on the warm-up lap and had to start from the rear of the grid. Prost", "id": "5964346" }, { "contents": "Christopher Hills\n\n\nHills' global endeavors, but then the president lost consciousness, tightly holding onto Hills' hand. Apparently Prasad never recovered, and at the time, there was a controversy that the man who, through satyagraha, had resisted multiple British governments and Viceroys and been jailed by them for so many years, had said his last words to an Englishman. In earlier travels from Jamaica to Japan, Hills had formed an aquaculture research company with his friend and colleague, biologist Dr Hiroshi Nakamura, Dean of Tokyo Women's University.", "id": "7097638" }, { "contents": "Spadena House\n\n\nThe Spadena House, also known as The Witch's House, is a storybook house in Beverly Hills, California. Located on the corner of Walden Drive and Carmelita Avenue, it is known for its fanciful, intentionally dilapidated design, and is a landmark included on tours of the area. The house was designed by Hollywood art director Harry Oliver, who went on to play a major role in Storybook architecture. Oliver was a Hollywood art director who worked on more than 30 films between 1919 and 1938 as art director, art", "id": "18958048" }, { "contents": "Saab 29 Tunnan\n\n\nThe test pilot for this first flight of the type was an Englishman, S/L Robert A. 'Bob' Moore, DFC and bar, who subsequently went on to become the first managing director of Saab GB Ltd, UK, set up in 1960. Following the flight, Moore described the aircraft as being: \"on the ground an ugly duckling – in the air, a swift.\" Because of the shape of its fuselage, the Saab J 29 quickly received the nickname \"Flygande Tunnan\" (\"The", "id": "3603265" }, { "contents": "The Royal Tenenbaums\n\n\nLea Sheppard, who played Dudley, through his friend Judd Apatow, as he was acting in Apatow's television series, \"Freaks and Geeks\". Around 250 sets were employed during photography, with art director Carl Sprague saying the crew avoided sites that would identify New York City, even altering street signs. The house used in the film is located near the famous Sugar Hill in the Hamilton Heights section of Harlem in Manhattan at 339 Convent Avenue. For the \"quintessential New York story,\" Anderson went location scouting in", "id": "5521279" }, { "contents": "An Englishman Abroad\n\n\nAn Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film, based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne, with Guy Burgess (Alan Bates), a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6. The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger; Browne stars as herself. The film is set in Moscow in 1958, after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about", "id": "1616716" }, { "contents": "Paris–Rouen (cycle race)\n\n\nParis–Rouen was the first cycle race covering a distance between two cities. It was held between the cities of Paris and Rouen on 7 November 1869. The winner of the inaugural race was an Englishman living in Paris, James Moore, who rode the 123 kilometres dividing both cities in 10 hours and 40 minutes, including time spent walking his bicycle up the steeper hills. The event was organized by the fortnightly cycling magazine Le Vélocipède Illustré and the Olivier brothers, owners of a bicycle manufacturer company called \"The Michaux Company", "id": "15442244" }, { "contents": "Walter Hill\n\n\nscript for \"Hickey & Boggs\" and recommended him to co-write \"The Getaway\", which Bogdanovich was going to make with Steve McQueen. Bogdanovich and Hill worked on the script together in San Francisco while Bogdanovich was directing \"What's Up, Doc?\" Hill says that Bogdanovich was interested in making the film a more Hitchcock-type film. They had completed 25 pages when they went back to L.A., whereupon McQueen fired Bogdanovich without reading any of their work. Sam Peckinpah came on to direct; Hill", "id": "13808002" }, { "contents": "Cypress Hills Massacre\n\n\nrepresented a temporary extension of American frontier mentality into the Canadian North-West. A fictionalized account of the events of the Cypress Hills Massacre is told in the novel \"The Englishman's Boy\" by Canadian author Guy Vanderhaeghe. The story focuses in part on the character of the \"Englishman's boy\", one of the members of the party of wolfers. While little is known of those involved in the actual event, the novel attributes the cause of the massacre to one Tom Hardwick, the \"lead\" wolfer.", "id": "425710" }, { "contents": "An Englishman in New York (film)\n\n\nAn Englishman in New York is a 2009 biographical film that chronicles the years gay English writer Quentin Crisp spent in New York City, starring John Hurt reprising his role as Crisp from \"The Naked Civil Servant\" (1975). The film takes its title from \"Englishman in New York\", a song about Crisp written by Sting for the 1987 album \"...Nothing Like the Sun\". The film follows Quentin Crisp’s move in the late 1970s from London to New York City, where he was embraced by celebrities", "id": "11673770" }, { "contents": "Sting (musician)\n\n\nsingles, \"We'll Be Together\", \"Fragile\", \"Englishman in New York\", and \"Be Still My Beating Heart\", dedicated to his mother, who had recently died. It went Double Platinum. \"The Secret Marriage\" from this album was adapted from Hanns Eisler, and \"Englishman in New York\" was about Quentin Crisp. The album's title is from William Shakespeare's Sonnet 130. The album won Best British Album at the 1988 Brit Awards and in 1989 received three Grammy nominations", "id": "4298277" }, { "contents": "Dornford Yates\n\n\n3, Number 11 of The Windmill, a literary magazine. Yates was not pleased by the article, but nevertheless Usborne went on to write \"Clubland Heroes\" (1953; reprinted 1974 and 1983) in which he examined the work of Yates and two contemporary thriller writers, John Buchan and Sapper. The 1973 novel \"Indecent Exposure\" by Tom Sharpe plays up the 'Englishman' that Dornford Yates created in his novels. There is a group of characters in the satirical novel who style themselves as the 'Dornford Yates", "id": "12935607" }, { "contents": "Sugar (Maroon 5 song)\n\n\nsite would be the best for setting up the tent. The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It was shot at several ballrooms, located at various locations around the city, where weddings were happening. One of the ballrooms was at the Park Plaza Hotel, a very popular location for celebrations and parties. A week before filming the video commenced, Dobkin went to see the band, who were rehearsing for the visual. During the meeting, Levine questioned the concept, \"What if people don't like", "id": "18746986" }, { "contents": "House on Haunted Hill (1999 film)\n\n\nthe same title directed by William Castle, and features special effects by famed make-up artists Gregory Nicotero and Dick Smith. \"House on Haunted Hill\" marked the producing debut of Dark Castle Entertainment, a production company that went on to produce numerous other horror films, including additional remakes. \"House on Haunted Hill\" premiered on Halloween weekend in 1999. In the tradition of William Castle's theater gimmicks, Warner Bros. supplied promotional scratchcards to cinemas showing the film, offering ticket buyers a chance to win a money prize", "id": "5616591" }, { "contents": "Alexander Mackendrick\n\n\nSmell of Success\" (1957), produced by Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions (HHL). This was a critically successful film about a press agent (Tony Curtis) who is wrapped up in a powerful newspaper columnist's (Burt Lancaster) plot to end the relationship between his younger sister and a jazz musician. Mackendrick got along poorly with the producers of the film because they felt that he was too much of a perfectionist. After \"Sweet Smell of Success\", he went back to England to make the", "id": "19834864" }, { "contents": "Jordan 199\n\n\nchance to take the lead during the pitstops but the Ferrari crew got Irvine out in front. Frentzen finished second, ahead of Ralf Schumacher's Williams. Hill out qualified Frentzen at the next race in Brazil, as the Jordans were 7th and 8th. Frentzen had the better start, however, and was up to 6th, while Hill was down to 8th. The Englishman was eliminated by a collision early on again, but this one was his fault. As he tried to overtake Alexander Wurz's Benetton at the first corner", "id": "2100255" }, { "contents": "Gladys Hill\n\n\nGladys Hill was a screenwriter and film executive. She is best known as co-writer of the screenplay for \"The Man Who Would Be King\" for which she received an Academy Award Nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay. She also co-wrote screenplays for \"The Kremlin Letter\" and \"Reflections in a Golden Eye\". Hill's film career began in 1946 as dialogue director on \"The Stranger\", directed by Orson Welles. She went on to be dialogue director on other films such as John Huston's \"", "id": "5096478" }, { "contents": "Zaffergadh\n\n\nsaw Narashimha Swamy who telling him that Lord manifested himself on this hill. Pandit was given the detailed position of manifestation by Narshimha Swamy himself and was asked to spread this to people to this town. Pandit then followed his dream and went to the location on this hill where he located Narashimha Swamy's idol at the location of manifeatation. After this, people in this town constructed a temple where they found Sawmy's idol. There is a water sources on this hill where exactly at noon Narashimha Sawmy takes dip in the water", "id": "2879231" }, { "contents": "Dominic Polcino\n\n\nDominic Polcino is an animation director who has worked on \"The Simpsons\", \"Mission Hill\", \"King of the Hill\", and \"Family Guy\". Polcino worked on the first season of \"Family Guy\", then left to direct for \"King of the Hill\" and then returned to \"Family Guy\". He then went on to create the TV pilot \"Lovesick Fool\" which debuted on FunnyOrDie then went on to exhibit at Film Festivals and is currently on YouTube. His brother, Michael", "id": "21542896" }, { "contents": "Sugar Hill (1974 film)\n\n\nthe men who killed Langston and now want the club. Investigating the killings is Sugar's former boyfriend, police Lt. Valentine (Richard Lawson). The film, budgeted at $350,000, was shot on location in Houston at such locations as the Heights branch of the Houston Public Library (a historical landmark), used in the film as a \"Voodoo Institute\". \"Sugar Hill\" was the last film Quarry did for AIP, after a run that included the \"Count Yorga\" movies. Also appearing in", "id": "19053810" }, { "contents": "Doune Castle\n\n\nBruce, the 14th-century Scottish King who launched a guerilla war against the larger English army. The film largely takes place during the 3-year historical period from 1304, when Bruce decides to rebel against the rule of Edward I over Scotland, thus becoming an \"outlaw\", up to the 1307 Battle of Loudoun Hill. The British comedy film \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\" – a parody of the legends of King Arthur by the Monty Python team – was filmed on location in Scotland in 1974. The film", "id": "15457182" }, { "contents": "The Ipcress File (film)\n\n\nand the film score composer John Barry. \"The Ipcress File\" became the first of the nominally rival Harry Palmer film series and some aspects are reminiscent of film noir. In contrast to Bond's public school background and playboy lifestyle, Palmer is a working class Londoner who lives in a Notting Hill bedsit and has to put up with red tape and inter-departmental rivalries. The action is set entirely in \"a gritty, gloomy, decidedly non-swinging\" London with humdrum locations. Harry Saltzman gave Jimmy Sangster a", "id": "16246054" }, { "contents": "Beneath Hill 60\n\n\n, who agreed to direct \"Beneath Hill 60\" after reading an early treatment. Actor Hugo Weaving showed interest in participating in the film and was offered the role of Oliver Woodward, but ultimately declined due to his claustrophobia. The role went to Brendan Cowell in a decision driven by the actor's experience and numerous accolades. Working titles for the film included \"The Silence\" and \"The Silence Beneath\". Leimbach explained that the film was titled \"Beneath Hill 60\" to maximise recognition for the international audience and felt", "id": "18126879" } ]

[ { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Plateau\n\n\nThe Chhota Nagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi River lies to the south. The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau is approximately . The name \"Nagpur\" is probably taken from Nagavanshis, who ruled in this part of the country. छोटा \"Chhota\" (\"small\" in Hindi", "id": "8135286" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Tributary States\n\n\nThe Chota Nagpur Tributary States or Chota Nagpur States were a group of non-salute states (minor princely states) at the time of British Raj, located on the Chhota Nagpur Plateau. British suzerainty over the states was exercised through the government of the Bengal Presidency. These states were nine in number and they became part of the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa following Indian Independence. In the 18th century, the states came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary states of", "id": "12908810" }, { "contents": "Para (community development block)\n\n\nWest Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956. Para is located at . Para CD Block is located in the north-western part of the district. The area becomes undulating with hillocks of hard rocks, which are extended from the high Chota Nagpur Plateau. There are some hills ranging from 150 to 750 meters approximately in altitude. Para CD Block is bounded by Raghunathpur II CD Block on the north, Raghunathpur I and Kashipur CD Blocks on the east, Hura", "id": "7826017" }, { "contents": "Orissa Tributary States\n\n\nwere added from the Central Provinces and two states, Gangpur and Bonai, from the Chota Nagpur States. With the addition of these states, the total area was and the population was 3,173,395 per the 1901 census. In 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was detached from Bengal, and the Orissa Tributary States were under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa. In 1936 Orissa became a separate province, but the Orissa Tributary States were merged into the Eastern States Agency, which was under the direct authority of", "id": "13009954" }, { "contents": "East India\n\n\nEast India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and also the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands. West Bengal's capital Kolkata is the largest city of this region. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area is the country's third largest. The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Jharkhand is situated on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Odisha lies on the Eastern Ghats and the Deccan Plateau. The region is bounded by Bhutan, Nepal and the", "id": "21737431" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Division\n\n\nby Regulation XIII of 1833 from the general laws and regulations governing Bengal, and every branch of the administration was vested in an officer appointed by the supreme Government and called the Agent to the Governor-General of India for the South-West Frontier. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur and it began to be administered as a Non-regulation province under the Lieutenant Governor of the then Bihar. In 1855-56 there was the great uprising of the Santhals against the British but", "id": "5730576" }, { "contents": "Raghunathpur I\n\n\nand West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956. Raghunathpur is located at . Raghunathpur I CD Block is located in the central part of the district. The Damodar Dwaraka upland is an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area is undulating with hillocks of hard rocks. Raghunathpur I CD Block is bounded by Raghunathpur II and Neturia CD Blocks on the north, Santuri CD Block on the east, Kashipur CD Block on the south and Para CD Block on the", "id": "9874749" }, { "contents": "Raghunathpur II\n\n\nWest Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956. Cheliyama is located at . Raghunathpur II CD Block is located in the north-western part of the district. Damodar River marks the northern boundary of the CD Block. The Damodar Dwaraka upland is an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area is undulating with hillocks of hard rocks. Raghunathpur II CD Block is bounded by Jharia and Baliapur CD Blocks, in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand, both across the Damodar River", "id": "9874781" }, { "contents": "Neturia (community development block)\n\n\nBengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956. Neturia is located at . Neturia CD Block is located in the north-western part of the district. The Damodar marks the northern boundary of Neturia CD Block. The Damodar Dwaraka upland is an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area is undulating with hillocks of hard rocks. Neturia CD Block is bounded by Nirsa CD Block, in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand, and Salanpur CD Block, in Bardhaman district, both", "id": "9874804" }, { "contents": "Santuri (community development block)\n\n\nWest Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956. Santuri is located at . Santuri CD Block is located in the north-eastern part of the district. The Damodar marks the northern boundary of the CD Block. The Damodar Dwaraka upland is an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area is undulating with hillocks of hard rocks. Santuri CD Block is bounded by Salanpur CD Block, in Bardhaman district, across the Damodar River on the north, Saltora CD Block", "id": "9874826" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Division\n\n\nwas brutally suppressed. was changed to Chota Nagpur by Act XX of that year, and was administered thereafter as a non-regulation province under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal Presidency. The title of the chief administrative officer was changed from Agent to Commissioner, and the officers in charge of the districts became Deputy Commissioners. The Commissioner exercised general control over the Chota Nagpur States. The present Divisional Commissioner is Shri. Surendra Singh Meena of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) Chota Nagpur Division became part of the new province of", "id": "5730577" }, { "contents": "Kangsabati River\n\n\nKangsabati River (Pron:/ˌkæŋsəˈbɑːtɪ/) (also variously known as the Kasai and Cossye) rises from the Chota Nagpur plateau in the state of West Bengal, India and passes through the districts of Purulia, Bankura and Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal before draining in the Bay of Bengal. After rising at Murguma near Jhalda in the Chota Nagpur plateau in Purulia district, it passes by Purulia, Khatra and Ranibandh in Bankura district, and then enters Paschim Medinipur in the Binpur area. It is joined by Bhairabbanki. At Keshpur the river splits", "id": "18397016" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Division\n\n\nChota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was an administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of West Bengal, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh. Chota Nagpur division was a hilly and forested area. The region came under the control of the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was annexed to the Bengal Presidency, the largest province of British India. After the Kol rebellion of 1831-2, the division was exempted", "id": "5730575" }, { "contents": "Mahuri\n\n\nin the Suba of Bengal during the heyday of the Mughal Empire (around 500 years before) for trade and commerce, the large waves of migrations reportedly took place around 250 years before. Scores of families reached the place Bihar-E-Sharif located in the present day state of Bihar, India. Over a period of several decades, the Mahuri Vaishya folks reached the hinterland of Chota Nagpur Plateau (or Chhota Nagpur) and got located in a number of villages. Before this, they had already settled in several fertile", "id": "4772723" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Plateau\n\n\nrunning east and west through which the North Koel River passes. The hills in the south are the highest in the area, and the picturesque and isolated cup-like Chhechhari valley is surrounded by lofty hills on every side. Lodh Falls drops from a height of from these hills, making it the highest waterfall on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Netarhat and Pakripat plateaux are physiographically part of the Pat region. In the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, the Manbhum area covers the present Purulia district in West Bengal, and", "id": "8135302" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Plateau\n\n\nDhanbad district and parts of Bokaro district in Jharkhand, and the Singhbhum area broadly covers Kolhan division of Jharkhand. The Manbhum area has a general elevation of about and it consists of undulating land with scattered hills – Baghmundi and Ajodhya range, Panchakot and the hills around Jhalda are the prominent ones. Adjacent Bankura district of West Bengal has been described as the “connecting link between the plains of Bengal on the east and Chota Nagpur plateau on the west.” The same could be said of the Asansol and Durgapur subdivisions of Bardhaman", "id": "8135303" }, { "contents": "Sinhapura\n\n\n, because these places lie to the south of Bengal, away from Bihar. He, therefore, concludes that the Sinhapura of \"Mahavamsa\" was different from the capital city mentioned in records of Kalinga's rulers: it was probably located in the present-day Chota Nagpur area. S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar also believed that Lala and Sinhapura were located on road main road connecting Vanga to Magadha. According to him, this area was either a part of the Kalinga kingdom, or located near its border. Historians such as A. L.", "id": "11698615" }, { "contents": "Indo-Guyanese\n\n\ndrawn from in and around Calcutta and from the Chota Nagpur plateau, a sub-division of the Bengal Presidency about two to three hundred miles from Calcutta . Recruiting operations were pushed further north-westwards and the North-Western Provinces and Oudh (Modern Uttar Pradesh) and Bihar became the main suppliers of colonial labor. The importation of labor from the Indian subcontinent was part of a continuing search by Guianese planters for a labor force that was docile, reliable and amenable to discipline under harsh, tropical conditions. Emancipation had conferred", "id": "17995666" }, { "contents": "Ranchi\n\n\nRanchi ( ) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh. The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas. Ranchi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship", "id": "12905267" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Plateau\n\n\n, which is less than the rainforested areas of much of India and almost all of it in the monsoon months between June and August. The \"Chhota Nagpur dry deciduous forests\", a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion, encompasses the plateau. The ecoregion has an area of , covering most of Jharkhand state and adjacent portions of Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. The ecoregion is drier than surrounding ones, including the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests that covers the Eastern Ghats", "id": "8135307" }, { "contents": "Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line\n\n\nThe Howrah–Gaya–Delhi is a railway line connecting Howrah and Delhi cutting across Indo-Gangetic Plain and a comparatively small stretch of the line crossing over the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It covers a distance of across, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. The Grand Chord is a part of this line and as such is referred to by many as Howrah-Delhi line (via Grand Chord). The long trunk line, amongst the long and busy trunk lines connecting the metros, has been", "id": "12677016" }, { "contents": "Maratha invasions of Bengal\n\n\nThe Maratha invasions of Bengal, also known as the Maratha expeditions in Bengal, refers to the frequent invasions by the Maratha forces in the Bengal Subah (Bengal, Bihar, parts of Modern Orissa), after their successful campaign in the Carnatic region at the Battle of Trichinopoly. The leader of the expedition was Maratha Maharaja Raghoji Bhonsle of Nagpur. The Marathas invaded Bengal six times from August 1741 to May 1751. Nawab Alivardi Khan succeeded in resisting all the invasions, however, the frequent Maratha invasions caused great destruction in the", "id": "9326913" }, { "contents": "Geography of Bankura district\n\n\ndifferent tracts. The western portion marks the gradual descent from the table land of Chota Nagpur to the delta of lower Bengal, consisting largely of spurs projecting from the western tableland and of low swelling ridges. However, there is no marked ridge of hills. In the central portion of the district there are rolling downs eventually merging with the alluvial plains. The western part of the district has poor, ferruginous soil and hard beds of laterite with scrub jungles and \"sal\" (Shorea robusta) woods. Long broken ridges with", "id": "16109251" }, { "contents": "History of West Bengal\n\n\nThe history of West Bengal began in 1947, when the Hindu-dominated western part of British Bengal Province became the Indian state of West Bengal. When India gained independence in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part went to India (and was named West Bengal) while the eastern part joined Pakistan as a province called East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan, giving rise to independent Bangladesh in 1971). In 1950, the Princely State of Koch Bihar merged with West Bengal after King Jagaddipendra Narayan had", "id": "3708701" }, { "contents": "Bengal Presidency\n\n\nLord Kitchener, the Commander-in-Chief, and Lord Curzon, the Viceroy. The partition of the large province of Bengal, which was decided upon by Lord Curzon, and Cayan Uddin Ahmet, the Chief Secretary of Bengal carried into execution in October 1905. The Chittagong, Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions, the Malda District and the States of Hill Tripura, Sylhet and Comilla were transferred from Bengal to a new province, Eastern Bengal and Assam; the five Hindi-speaking states of Chota Nagpur, namely Changbhakar, Korea", "id": "21182119" }, { "contents": "Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line\n\n\nThe Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line (also known as Mumbai-Kolkata line) is a railway line in India connecting Kolkata and Mumbai via Nagpur. The railway line was opened to traffic in 1900. The long trunk line has been treated in more detail in smaller sections: The Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line cuts across the central parts of India in an east-west direction and traverses the plains of lower West Bengal, the southern part of Chota Nagpur Plateau, the Deccan Plateau, the Western Ghats and finally the", "id": "11341122" }, { "contents": "Mukutmanipur Dam\n\n\nThe Mukutmanipur Dam is a dam in Khatra subdivision of Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India. The Kangsabati River (also variously known as the Kasai and Cossye) rises from the Chota Nagpur Plateau in West Bengal, and passes through the districts of Purulia, Bankura and Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal before draining in the Bay of Bengal, from Mukutmonipur. It is the second largest earthen dam in India. The road over the dam is in length. In the middle, there is a small hillock called", "id": "7888162" }, { "contents": "Chhattisgarh Division\n\n\nand the princely states of Changbhakar, Korea, Surguja, Udaipur, and Jashpur were transferred from Bengal to the Central Provinces. In 1933 the princely states in Chhattisgarh Division were transferred to the Eastern States Agency. On 24 October 1936, the Central Provinces became the Central Provinces and Berar when they were fully merged with Berar Province, although Berar remained under the nominal sovereignty of Hyderabad State. The Chhattisgarh Division was bounded to the north by the Chota Nagpur States, to the east by the Orissa Tributary States, to the south", "id": "8303306" }, { "contents": "Ganges Basin\n\n\nThe Ganges basin is a part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin draining 1,086,000 square kilometres in Tibet, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. To the north, the Himalaya or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the Indus basin and then the Aravalli ridge. Southern limits are the Vindhyas and Chota Nagpur Plateau. On the east the Ganges merges with the Brahmaputra through a complex system of common distributaries into the Bay of Bengal. Its catchment lies in the states of Uttar Pradesh", "id": "13657654" }, { "contents": "Central Provinces and Berar\n\n\nthe central colonial government. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories were joined with the Nagpur province to constitute the new Central Provinces in 1861. On 1 October 1903 Berar was placed under the administration of the commissioner of the Central Provinces. In October 1905 most of Sambalpur and the princely states of Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonpur, Patna and Kalahandi were transferred from the Central Provinces and Berar to Bengal, while the Hindi-speaking Chota Nagpur States of Chang Bhakar, British Korea, Surguja, Udaipur and Jashpur were transferred from Bengal to the", "id": "3994193" }, { "contents": "Bengal Nagpur Railway\n\n\nprovincial government. Bengal Nagpur Railway was formed in 1887. The Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway was purchased from Great Indian Peninsula Railway by Bengal Nagpur Railway in 1888, and was converted to broad gauge. The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to Asansol was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891. It was only after Kharagpur was linked from the west and the south that it was connected to Howrah in 1900. Although Bengal Nagpur Railway was not a part of original design to connect major points in the subcontinent with a network of", "id": "20418748" }, { "contents": "Bihar\n\n\ntwo unequal halves and flows through the middle from west to east. Other Ganges tributaries are the Son, Budhi Gandak, Chandan, Orhani and Phalgu. Though the Himalayas begin at the foothills, a short distance inside Nepal and to the north of Bihar, the mountains influence Bihar's landforms, climate, hydrology and culture. Central parts of Bihar have some small hills, for example, the Rajgir hills. To the south is the Chota Nagpur plateau, which was part of Bihar until 2000 but now is part of a", "id": "5445928" }, { "contents": "List of districts of West Bengal\n\n\n. The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganised boundaries of the Indian states along linguistic lines. As this act was implemented, the then West Dinajpur district was enlarged with the addition of some areas from Bihar, and the Purulia district was formed on 1 November 1956 from parts of the Manbhum district of Bihar. Later, some large districts were divided into smaller districts. On 1 March 1986, the district of 24 Parganas was bifurcated into two districts—the North 24 Parganas district and the South 24 Parganas district. On 1 April", "id": "1815966" }, { "contents": "Mama Bhagne\n\n\nMama Bhagne Paharh is a rock formation near Dubrajpur town of district Birbhum in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a pair of almost spherical natural boulders of granite rock, one balancing on the top of other. The balancing of the rocks are so surprising that it is a famous landmark in West Bengal, where it is known as Mama Bhagne ( the maternal uncle and the nephew ). The site has a number of boulders splintered across the place. It is the extreme eastern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau where", "id": "19485771" }, { "contents": "Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests\n\n\nthe Ganges River and its tributaries below the eastern Vindhyas and the Bundelkhand upland. The Chota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests lie on the Chota Nagpur plateau to the east. The Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests, which receive more annual moisture from the Bay of Bengal, lie to the southeast. To the southwest, along the spine of the Western Ghats range, lie the wetter North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, which receive more moisture from the southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea. To the south, the Deccan Plateau of", "id": "17390807" }, { "contents": "1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\n\n\n(3 inches) on Kutch District as the cyclone moved out to sea. A low pressure area moved from Burma to the Bay of Bengal on September 8, where it developed into a depression. The depression strengthened as it moved to the northwest and became a deep depression on the next day, when it was southeast of Calcutta. The system crossed the West Bengal coast later and moved to the northwest across the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The depression stalled over Uttar Pradesh on September 12, and remained near Lucknow until September 14", "id": "4935803" }, { "contents": "Barakar River\n\n\nThe Barakar River is the main tributary of the Damodar River in eastern India. Originating near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand it flows for across the northern part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, mostly in a west to east direction, before joining the Damodar near Dishergarh in Asansol, Bardhaman district of West Bengal. It has a catchment area of . The main tributaries, Barsoti and Usri, flow in from the south and north respectively. Apart from the two main tributaries some fifteen medium or small streams join it. The Barakar", "id": "463016" }, { "contents": "Geography of Bihar\n\n\nOrhani and Phalgu. The Himalayas begin at foothills a short distance inside Nepal but influence Bihar's landforms, climate, hydrology and culture. Central parts of Bihar have some small hills, for example the Rajgir hills. The Himalayan Mountains are to the north of Bihar, in Nepal. To the south is the Chota Nagpur plateau, which was part of Bihar until 2000 but now is part of a separate state called Jharkhand. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km², which is 7.1 per cent of its geographical area.", "id": "7828037" }, { "contents": "Dooars\n\n\nthe Rabha, the Mech, the Toto, the Koch Rajbongshi, in Assam and Bengal and the Tamang/Murmi, the Limbu, the Rai, the Lepcha in Bengal. Apart from the tribal population, a large Bengali also populate the Dooars and their culture emerged with local people. The Dooars are famous for the tea gardens which were planted by the British. For working in the gardens, they imported labour from Nepal and the Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas. The Oraons, Mundas, Kharia, Mahali, Lohara,", "id": "10531791" }, { "contents": "Bengal Subah\n\n\nChauth\" of Bengal and Bihar to the Marathas, and the Marathas agreed not to invade Bengal again. The expeditions, led by Raghuji Bhonsle of Nagpur, also established the \"De facto\" Maratha control over Orissa, which was formally incorporated in the Maratha Dominion in 1752. The Nawab of Bengal also paid Rs. 3.2 million to the Marathas, towards the arrears of chauth for the preceding years. The chauth was paid annually by the Nawab of Bengal to the Marathas up to 1758, until the British occupation of Bengal", "id": "12047856" }, { "contents": "Pala Empire\n\n\nalso briefly lost control over Magadha and north Bengal. Gopala II lost control of Bengal, and ruled only from a part of Bihar. The Pala empire disintegrated into smaller kingdoms during the reign of Vigrahapala II. Mahipala recovered parts of Bengal and Bihar. His successors lost Bengal again. The last strong Pala ruler, Ramapala, gained control of Bengal, Bihar, Assam and parts of Orissa. By the time of Madanapala's death, the Pala kingdom was confined to parts of central and east Bihar along with northern Bengal.", "id": "18491036" }, { "contents": "Singhbhum district\n\n\nSinghbhum was a district of India during the British Raj, part of the Chota Nagpur Division of the Bengal Presidency. It was located in the present-day Indian state of Jharkhand. Chaibasa was the district headquarters. Located in the southern limit of the Chhota Nagpur Plateau, Singhbhum included the Kolhan estate located in its southeastern part. The district has been divided into three smaller districts, being East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Saraikela Kharsawan all are present in Jharkhand state of India. It bounded with Ranchi District in the north,", "id": "10134447" }, { "contents": "West Bengal\n\n\nwith the plants of the Chota Nagpur plateau in the adjoining state of Jharkhand. The predominant commercial tree species is \"Shorea robusta\", commonly known as the sal tree. The coastal region of Purba Medinipur exhibits coastal vegetation; the predominant tree is the \"Casuarina\". A notable tree from the Sundarbans is the ubiquitous \"sundari\" (\"Heritiera fomes\"), from which the forest gets its name. The distribution of vegetation in northern West Bengal is dictated by elevation and precipitation. For example, the foothills of", "id": "15231633" }, { "contents": "Administration in Bihar\n\n\nBihar is a state situated in Eastern India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north. Before 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based", "id": "7604320" }, { "contents": "Geography of West Bengal\n\n\nsection of the area remains under water during incoming times. The area is known for its wide range of fauna. The most famous among these is the royal Bengal tiger, but numerous species of birds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes also inhabit it. It is estimated that there are now 400 Bengal tigers and about 30,000 spotted deer in the area. The Western plateau and highlands forms the eastern fringes of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and is made up of igneous rocks of the Archaean era as well as coal-bearing mudstone", "id": "4314727" }, { "contents": "History of cricket in Bangladesh\n\n\n, in 1889–90. In January 1923, Bengal took part in the Nagpur Provincial Tournament with Bombay and a Central Provinces XI. In 1934, the Board of Control for Cricket in India organised the Ranji Trophy but Bengal did not take part in 1934–35. Bengal achieved first-class status in December 1935 when they played the Australian tourists and were defeated by 9 wickets. In January 1936, Bengal joined the Ranji Trophy, playing in the East Zone, and reached the semi-final where they lost to Madras. In 1937", "id": "9027319" }, { "contents": "Orissa High Court\n\n\nThe Odisha High Court is the High Court of the state of Odisha. Bengal Presidency was a vast province including present day Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal. It was difficult to administratively manage such a vast area, inhabited by people speaking in different languages and having different traditions. Administrative exigencies required separation of such areas which originally did not from part of Bengal. So, new province of Bihar and Odishsa was formed on 22 March 1912. However, the said new province of Bihar and Odisha was", "id": "8289860" }, { "contents": "Srikakulam Road railway station\n\n\nThe southern part was subsequently merged with Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway then with East Coast Railway zone of Indian Railways came into existence in its present form with effect from 1 April 2003. and then with South Coast Railway zone of Indian Railways came into existence in its present form with effect from 27 Feb 2019. The Bengal Nagpur Railway was nationalized in 1944.Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 with the portion of East Indian Railway Company east of Mughalsarai and the Bengal Nagpur Railway. In 1955, South Eastern Railway was carved out", "id": "9906240" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Tributary States\n\n\nBritish India as a result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars in the early 19th century. In October 1905, the exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi-speaking states of Chang Bhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja, and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces, while the two Oriya-speaking states of Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States, leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. In 1936, all nine states were transferred to the Eastern States", "id": "12908811" }, { "contents": "Bengali language movement in India\n\n\nThe Bengali Language Movement is a campaign to preserve Bengali language and Bengalis culture in India. The movement was started in Manbhum in 1940, ahead of the Partition of India which allocated eastern Bengal to the new nation of Pakistan and led to the relocation of many Bengali communities. The Movement remains prominent in Assam, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. In 1947 British India bifurcated into India and Pakistan. The population of the eastern part of Bengal was majority Muslim, and was incorporated into Pakistan. Bengali Hindus in this eastern", "id": "18396555" }, { "contents": "Bihar and Orissa Province\n\n\nBihar and Orissa was a province of British India which included the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and a part of Odisha. The territories were conquered by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and were part of the Bengal Presidency, the largest British province in India. On 22 March 1912 both Bihar and Orissa division were separated from the Bengal Presidency as Bihar and Orissa Province. On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. In 1756 Bihar was part of Bengal Subah of Mughal Empire", "id": "13009944" }, { "contents": "Great Bengal famine of 1770\n\n\nnoted for the looting raids conducted by the Maratha bargis (bargir) mostly from Nagpur. They looted whatever they could and laid waste the rest. The looting were mainly in those areas which were later most hard-hit by the famine. The regions in which the famine occurred affected the modern Indian states of Bihar and West Bengal in particular, but the famine also extended into Orissa and Jharkhand as well as modern Bangladesh. Among the worst affected areas were Birbhum and Murshidabad in Bengal, and Tirhut, Champaran and Bettiah in", "id": "6504422" }, { "contents": "Geography of Bankura district\n\n\ndistrict, on the south by Paschim Medinipur district and on the west by Purulia district. Bankura district has been described as the “connecting link between the plains of Bengal on the east and Chota Nagpur plateau on the west.” The areas to the east and north-east are low lying alluvial plains, similar to predominating rice lands of Bengal. To the west the surface gradually rises, giving way to undulating country, interspersed with rocky hillocks. Much of the country is covered with jungles. The area consists of two", "id": "16109250" }, { "contents": "Bankura district\n\n\ndistrict head quarter is located in Bankura town. The district has been described as the \"connecting link between the plains of Bengal on the east and Chota Nagpur plateau on the west.\" The areas to the east and north-east are low-lying alluvial plains while to the west the surface gradually rises, giving way to undulating country, interspersed with rocky hillocks. Centre of the historic Mallabhum (Malla Kingdom) of western Bengal, Bankura and its surrounding regions are identified with its historical and cultural significance for the later", "id": "1814944" }, { "contents": "Jungle Mahals\n\n\nJungle Mahals, literally 'jungle estates', was a district formed by British possessions and some independent chiefdoms lying between Birbhum, Bankura, Midnapore and the hilly country of Chota Nagpur in what is now the Indian state of West Bengal. The district was located in the area known as the Jungle Terry, a thickly forested region inhabited by tribal groups such as the Santhal people. The vagueness of the jurisdiction caused inconvenience. In 1805, Regulation XVIII was passed whereby the areas known as Jungle Mahals was separated from the jurisdiction of", "id": "15800033" }, { "contents": "Chota Nagpur Plateau\n\n\nWest Bengal it flattens out into an alluvial plain. In the Singhbhum area, there are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country. The centre of the area consists of an upland plateau enclosed by hill ranges. This strip, extending from the Subarnarekha River on the east to the Angarbira range to the west of Chaibasa, is a very fertile area. Saranda forest is reputed to have the best Sal forests", "id": "8135305" }, { "contents": "Administration in Bihar\n\n\non language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province. Following Divisions were included in Bihar and Orissa Province when it separated from Bengal Presidency in 1912: On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province In 1936, Bihar became a separate province including part of Jharkhand. After the independence of India in 1951, Bihar including Jharkhand", "id": "7604321" }, { "contents": "Jhalda II\n\n\nof government in West Bengal. The death of Kishenji, the Maoist commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark. Kotshila is located at . Jhalda II CD Block is located in the western part of the district. The Kangsabati River takes its name after the confluence of the Saharjor and Girgiri rivers near Tigra village in Jhalda II CD Block. Geographyically the area forms a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Jhalda II CD Block is bounded by Jaridih CD Block, in Bokaro district of Jharkhand, on a part", "id": "8639311" }, { "contents": "United Provinces of Agra and Oudh\n\n\non the north-east by Nepal; on the east and south-east by the Champaran, Saran, Shahabad, and Palamau Districts of Bengal; on the south by two of the Chota Nagpur States in the Central Provinces, Rewah and some small States in the Central India kanpur technical augor District in the Central Provinces; on the west by the States of Gwalior, Dholpur, and Bharatpur, the Districts of Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, and Ambala in the Punjab, and the Punjab States of Sirmur and Jubbal.", "id": "3994038" }, { "contents": "Chik Baraik\n\n\nChik Baraik (also Chik, Baraik and Badaik) is a Caste found in Indian State Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Odisha. They were traditionally Weaver. \"Chik\" means cloth in Prakrit. Due to participation in war by many weaver they were given title of \"Baraik\" by the Kings. Chik baraik are caste scattered throughout southern and western part of Chota Nagpur plateau. It is believed that they originated from a scare crow of Lord Shiva. They make traditional dresses. Cultivation of own land and share cropping", "id": "4453494" }, { "contents": "Grand Chord\n\n\nfrom Eastern section to Western and Northern sections of the country. In the down direction, the traffic consists of mostly food grains, fertilizers and empty wagons for coal loading in the Bihar and West Bengal coal fields. Mughalsarai is a transit division and the main objective is to maintain mobility of high density traffic. The present capacity of the Grand Chord is being optimally utilized. Traversing through Chhota Nagpur plateau of Jharkhand as well as parts of the fertile Gangetic plains of Bihar, the Grand Chord covers a stretch of . The railways", "id": "10822734" }, { "contents": "Asansol Sadar subdivision\n\n\nAsansol Sadar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Paschim Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. Asansol Sadar subdivision is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal in the 18th century led to industrialisation", "id": "17347127" }, { "contents": "Asur language\n\n\nAsuri is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Asur people, part of the Munda branch. Asuri has many Dravidian loanwords due to contact with Kurukh. The majority of Asuri speakers reside in the Gulma district of Chota Nagpur. In addition, there are smaller groups of Asuri speakers in Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Odisha.and Arakan. \"Ethnologue\" states that \"Birjia\" is a dialect of Asuri, but also that there is a related language Birjia; it is not clear if these refer to the same thing. However, Anderson", "id": "3973163" }, { "contents": "Singhbhum district\n\n\nof the Commissioner of the Bengal Presidency until 1912, under the Bihar and Orissa Province until 1936 and then under Chhota Nagpur Division until the end of the British Raj. Following the independence of India Singhbhum District became part of the Indian Union as a district of Bihar. The district has in recent decades been divided into three smaller districts, being East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Saraikela Kharsawan. All the three are currently part of Jharkhand state of India. The major Indian languages spoken in this region are Hindi, Bengali, Odia", "id": "10134449" }, { "contents": "Sadgop\n\n\ncenters. The Sadgop are divided into two groups, the Kulin and Mulika, with the former further sub-divided into the eastern and western Kulin. The western Kulin live in West Bengal, and are further sub-divided into the Ghosh and Sarhesia. The eastern Kulin left Midnapur in West Bengal, some part of East Bengal and moved to Bihar. The Sadgop speak Bengali but those of Bihar speak Hindi as well. By the 1910, Sadgop along with other synonymous communities like Ahir, Gop and Gopal became part of", "id": "3573949" }, { "contents": "Jamuria (community development block)\n\n\nJamuria is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Asansol subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Bahadurpur, a gram panchayat, is located at . Jamuria CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with", "id": "10447707" }, { "contents": "Raniganj (community development block)\n\n\nRaniganj is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Asansol subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Searsole Rajbari is located at . Raniganj CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders.", "id": "10447726" }, { "contents": "Salanpur (community development block)\n\n\nSalanpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Asansol subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Rupnarainpur, a gram panchayat in Salanpur CD Block, is located at . Salanpur CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily", "id": "1222207" }, { "contents": "Pandabeswar (community development block)\n\n\nPandabeswar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Durgapur subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. During World War II there was an American airbase at Pandabeswar. Pandabeswar is located at . Pandabeswar CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the", "id": "1222306" }, { "contents": "Barabani (community development block)\n\n\nBarabani is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Asansol subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Barabani is located at . Barabani CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The", "id": "1382263" }, { "contents": "Kharsawan State\n\n\nKharsawan State, also spelt Kharsua or kharaswan, was a princely state in India during the era of the British Raj. The state had a privy purse of 33,000 Rs. and was one of the nine Chota Nagpur States under the authority of the governor of Bengal Presidency. It was one of the Odia Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj and the major language spoken in the area is Odia. The capital was the city of Kharsawan and the former area of Kharsawan State is now a part of Jharkhand", "id": "7229519" }, { "contents": "Andal (community development block)\n\n\nAndal (also spelled Ondal) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Durgapur subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Andal is located at . Andal CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area with laterite soil, with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with", "id": "7518636" }, { "contents": "Binpur I\n\n\nBengal the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there has been no reported incidents of Maoist related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years. In the period 2009-2011 LWE violence resulted in more than 500 deaths and a similar number missing in Paschim Medinipur district. The Chota Nagpur Plateau gradually slopes down creating an undulating area with infertile laterite rocks/ soil. In Binpur I CD Block 70% of the cultivated area has lateritic soil", "id": "4685250" }, { "contents": "Rampurhat II\n\n\nRampurhat II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "10632028" }, { "contents": "Murarai I\n\n\nMurarai I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "10632465" }, { "contents": "Banior\n\n\nBanior is a village and gram panchayat in Nalhati I Block in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum District in the Indian state of West Bengal. The other regional name of Banior is Banur। Banior has an average elevation of 40 metres. It is on an extension of the Chota Nagpur plateau. A few small hills with low altitude can be visible outside the village. The soil of this part of Birbhum is lateritic and this area is locally known as \"Lalmatir Desh\". Nalhati, the CD Block headquarters, is 4 km away", "id": "18131973" }, { "contents": "Bolpur Sriniketan\n\n\nBolpur Sriniketan is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19736789" }, { "contents": "Mayureswar II\n\n\nMayureswar II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of", "id": "19851519" }, { "contents": "Mayureswar I\n\n\nMayureswar I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of", "id": "19989657" }, { "contents": "Rampurhat I\n\n\nRampurhat I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19989745" }, { "contents": "Murarai II\n\n\nMurarai II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of", "id": "19989787" }, { "contents": "Nalhati I\n\n\nNalhati I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19989810" }, { "contents": "Nalhati II\n\n\nNalhati II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19989835" }, { "contents": "Protected areas of West Bengal\n\n\ninto two regions: the Gangetic plain and the littoral mangrove forests of the Sundarbans. The alluvial soil of the Gangetic plain compounded with favorable rainfall make this region especially fertile. Much of the vegetation of the western part of the state shares floristic similarities with the plants of the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the adjoining state of Jharkhand. The predominant commercial tree species is \"Shorea robusta\", commonly known as sal. The coastal region of Purba Medinipur exhibits coastal vegetation; the predominant tree is the \"Casuarina\". The most valuable", "id": "7388444" }, { "contents": "Politics of West Bengal\n\n\nenclave of Chandannagar, which had passed into Indian control after 1950, was integrated into West Bengal. Portions of Bihar were subsequently merged with West Bengal. During Roy's Chief Minister-ship very few manufacturing industries were set up in the state. In 1954, when Dr. B. C. Roy was the Congress chief minister, a massive food crisis overtook the state. There was a near-famine condition in Bengal. After the state legislative elections held in 1967, the CPI(M) was the main force behind the United Front government", "id": "11027979" }, { "contents": "History of West Bengal\n\n\nsigned the Instrument of Accession with India. In 1955, the former French enclave of Chandannagar, which had passed into Indian control after 1950, was integrated into West Bengal. Portions of Bihar were subsequently merged with West Bengal. During Roy's Chief Minister-ship very few manufacturing industries were set up in the state. In 1954, when Dr. B. C. Roy was the Congress chief minister, a massive food crisis overtook the state. There was a near-famine condition in Bengal. After the state legislative elections held in", "id": "3708702" }, { "contents": "Hazaribagh\n\n\nsplit into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the Chota Nagpur Division being a part of Bihar. Bihar's boundaries remained mostly unchanged after Indian Independence in 1947. After the 1991 census, the district of Hazaribagh was divided into three separate districts, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Koderma. The two sub-divisions Chatra and Koderma were upgraded to the status of independent districts. In 2000, Jharkhand was separated from Bihar to become India's 28th state. The Town became a cantonment in 1790, the Ramgarh battalion having been raised", "id": "5734467" }, { "contents": "Neighbourhoods of Ranchi\n\n\nRanchi () is the capital city of Jharkhand state, India. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar. Jharkhand was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the districts of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas divisions of Bihar. As a part of Bihar, it used to be the summer capital from the time of the British Raj because of its cool climate. It is not very far from Rajrappa, another seminal place in the state of Jharkhand. City Plan", "id": "3600562" }, { "contents": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad\n\n\nthe death of Murshid Quli Khan in 1727. Constantly harassed by the Bhonsles, Orissa, Bengal, and parts of Bihar were economically ruined. Alivardi Khan made peace with Raghunathrao in 1751 ceding in perpetuity Orissa up to the river Suvarnarekha, and agreeing to pay 12 lacs annually in lieu of the Chauth of Bengal and Bihar. The treaty included 20 lacs as Chauth for Bengal (includes both West Bengal and Bangladesh) and 12 lacs for Bihar (including Jharkhand). After this, Maratha promised never to cross the boundary of", "id": "4262345" }, { "contents": "Mohammad Bazar (community development block)\n\n\nMohammad Bazar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5", "id": "10253247" }, { "contents": "Oscar Sevrin\n\n\nIndia with a group of other young Jesuit missionaries. At that time, the Bengal state (covering the entire Eastern part of British India) was a mission area entrusted to the Belgian Jesuits. While teaching in the schools of Rengarih and Ranchi (1911–16), both important centres in the (now) Jharkhand state (India), Sevrin had his first contacts with the aboriginal population of the Chota Nagpur plateau. He then completed his Jesuit formation by doing theological studies in Kurseong (Darjeeling district) where he was ordained priest", "id": "18581699" }, { "contents": "Suri I\n\n\nSuri I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5", "id": "19584433" }, { "contents": "Suri II\n\n\nSuri II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5", "id": "19584465" }, { "contents": "Sainthia (community development block)\n\n\nSainthia is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19584541" }, { "contents": "Dubrajpur (community development block)\n\n\nDubrajpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19584565" }, { "contents": "Rajnagar (community development block)\n\n\nRajnagar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5%", "id": "19584594" }, { "contents": "Ilambazar (community development block)\n\n\nIlambazar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of", "id": "19736815" }, { "contents": "Labpur (community development block)\n\n\nLabpur (also spelled Labhpur) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bolpur subdivision district of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest", "id": "19736841" }, { "contents": "Nanoor (community development block)\n\n\nNanoor is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of", "id": "19736871" }, { "contents": "Rarh region\n\n\nRarh region () is a toponym for an area in the Indian subcontinent that lies between the Chota Nagpur Plateau on the West and the Ganges Delta on the East. Although the boundaries of the region have been defined differently according to various sources throughout history, it is \"mainly\" coextensive with the state of West Bengal, also comprising parts of the state of Jharkhand in India. The Rarh region historically has been known by many different names and has hosted numerous settlements throughout history. One theory identifies it with the powerful Gangaridai", "id": "2771908" } ]

[ { "contents": "Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System\n\n\nThe Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System, or ERLAWS, is a lahar warning system that was installed on Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand following volcanic eruptions in 1995–1996. The system successfully detected and warned of an imminent lahar in March 2007. The system is being expanded to detect the wider range of lahar threats now expected on Ruapehu. The 1995–1996 eruptions of Ruapehu in the North Island of New Zealand left a 7-metre high dam of tephra, consisting of volcanic ash and rock, around the rim of the crater lake. It", "id": "13635630" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nin time and six of the carriages fell into the river. Spectacular eruptions occurred during 1995 and 1996. Ruapehu had been showing signs of increased activity since late November 1994, with elevated Crater Lake temperatures and a series of eruptions that increased in intensity over about nine months. Several lahars were observed, both in the Whangaehu River and other areas of the mountain, between 18 September and 25 September 1995, indicating Crater Lake was being emptied by the eruptions. The Department of Conservation immediately issued hazard warnings and advised people to keep", "id": "16668970" }, { "contents": "Mount Taranaki\n\n\na moderate ash eruption occurred about 1755, of the size of Ruapehu's activity in 1995/1996. The last major eruption occurred around 1655. Recent research has shown that over the last 9,000 years minor eruptions have occurred roughly every 90 years on average, with major eruptions every 500 years. Taranaki is unusual in that it has experienced at least five of its major eruptions by the method of cone collapse. Few volcanoes have undergone more than one cone collapse. The vast volume of material involved in these collapses is reflected in the extensive", "id": "12265642" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nactive crater is between the peaks and fills with water between major eruptions, being known as Crater Lake (). Ruapehu is largely composed of andesite and began erupting at least 250,000 years ago. In recorded history, major eruptions have been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. Minor eruptions are frequent, with at least 60 since 1945. Some of the minor eruptions in the 1970s generated small ash falls and lahars (mudflows) that damaged skifields. Between major eruptions, warm acidic Crater Lake forms,", "id": "16668967" }, { "contents": "Geography of New Zealand\n\n\nand Mount Ngauruhoe (). Ruapehu's major eruptions have historically been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, located near Rotorua, was New Zealand's largest and deadliest eruption in the last 200 years, killing over 100 people. Another long chain of mountains runs through the North Island, from Wellington to East Cape. The ranges include Tararua and Kaimanawa. The lower mountain slopes are covered in native forest. Above this are shrubs, and then tussock grasses. Alpine", "id": "1644837" }, { "contents": "Geology of New Zealand\n\n\nthe potential for a new volcano to be created, or a dormant volcano to come to life. The Tongariro Volcanic Centre developed over the last 275,000 years and contains the active andesitic volcanic cones of Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngauruhoe (really a side cone of Tongariro). Ruapehu erupts about once a decade, and while the eruptions cause havoc for skiers, plane flights and hydroelectric dams, the eruptions are relatively minor. However, the sudden collapse of the crater wall caused major problems when it generated a lahar in 1953,", "id": "1986870" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\n1996 season. Turoa closed on 29 September – earlier than usual, while Whakapapa stayed open until Labour Weekend. After the 1996 eruption it was recognised that a catastrophic lahar could again occur when Crater Lake bursts the volcanic ash dam blocking the lake outlet. This is the same mechanism that caused the 1953 lahar. The lake gradually filled with snowmelt and had reached the level of the hard rock rim by January 2005. The lahar finally occurred on 18 March 2007 (see below). Ruapehu erupted at 10.30pm on 4 October 2006", "id": "16668973" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\n, news media were trying to get live video of the eruption and amateur photographers had published eruption images on the World Wide Web. A web camera, dubbed the world's first \"Volcano Cam\", was set up. Since then Ruapehu has been monitored by at least one and sometimes several volcano cams. Another, smaller, eruption phase began on the morning of 17 June 1996. Despite a series of small eruptions that spread thin layers of ash across both Whakapapa and Turoa ski areas, the ski fields opened for the", "id": "16668972" }, { "contents": "Ring of Fire\n\n\nmuch of the North Island. The earliest historically-dated eruption was at Whakaari/White Island in 1826, followed in 1886 by the country's largest historical eruption at Mount Tarawera. Much of the region north of New Zealand's North Island is made up of seamounts and small islands, including 16 submarine volcanoes. In the last 1.6 million years, most of New Zealand's volcanism is from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Mount Ruapehu, at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, is one of the most active volcanoes", "id": "18976934" }, { "contents": "Geology of New Zealand\n\n\nJapan. There are many potentially dangerous volcanoes in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The most severe volcanic eruption since the arrival of Europeans is the Tarawera eruption in 1886. A lahar from Mount Ruapehu derailed a train in 1955 killing 151 people. Even a minor eruption at Ruapehu could cause the loss of electricity for Auckland, due to ash on the power lines, and in the Waikato River (stopping the generation of hydroelectric power). Many parts of New Zealand are susceptible to landslides, particularly due to deforestaion and the high earthquake", "id": "1986886" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\n. Future eruptions may occur without warning.\" However the level has remained at 1, where it has been since 1997. On 5 April 2011, Geonet changed Mount Ruapehu's Volcanic Aviation Colour Code from Green to Yellow (elevated unrest above the known background). Ruapehu's Volcanic Alert Level remained at level 1 (signs of volcanic unrest). The Volcanic Aviation Colour Code was changed because a sustained period of high water temperatures in the Crater Lake (approximately 38–39 °C) was observed and because changes were observed in", "id": "16668978" }, { "contents": "Taupo Volcanic Zone\n\n\nred over Rome and China (as documented in Hou Han Shu), but this has since been disproven. Taupo erupted an estimated of material in its Oruanui eruption 26,500 years ago. This was Earth's most recent eruption reaching VEI-8, the highest level on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. The Rotorua caldera has been dormant longer, with its main eruption occurring about 240,000 years ago, although lava dome extrusion has occurred within the last 25,000 years. The Taupo Volcanic Zone is approximately long by wide. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end", "id": "19748461" }, { "contents": "Rangipo Desert\n\n\nRangipo Desert is a barren desert-like environment in New Zealand, located in the Ruapehu District on the North Island Volcanic Plateau; to the east of the three active peaks of Mount Tongariro, Mount Ngauruhoe, and Mount Ruapehu, and to the west of the Kaimanawa Range. The Rangipo Desert receives of rainfall per year, but resembles a desert because of a poor soil quality and drying winds, and also due to the mass sterilization of seeds during a series of violent eruptions, particularly ignimbrite flows about 20,000 years ago.", "id": "4511400" }, { "contents": "Hauhungatahi\n\n\nHauhungatahi is an eroded volcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand, located about WNW of Mount Ruapehu. Although relatively little-known, at Hauhungatahi is one of the highest volcanoes in New Zealand, exceeded in elevation by only Ruapehu, Taranaki/Egmont (including Fanthams Peak), and the Tongariro massif (including Ngauruhoe). The volcano is constructed atop an upfaulted block of Mesozoic marine sediments. The age of the erupted andesite lava is about 900,000 years, making Hauhungatahi more than three times as", "id": "19219012" }, { "contents": "Lahar\n\n\nto 1,000 years, so Orting, Sumner, Puyallup, Fife, and the Port of Tacoma face considerable risk. The USGS has set up lahar warning sirens in Pierce County, Washington, so that people can flee an approaching debris flow in the event of a Mount Rainier eruption. A lahar warning system has been set up at Mount Ruapehu by the New Zealand Department of Conservation and hailed as a success after it successfully alerted officials to an impending lahar on 18 March 2007. Since mid-June 1991, when violent eruptions", "id": "5494738" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nlevel-1 warning was issued after GNS scientists who were monitoring the lake found irregular signs of volcanic activity. This included increased chemical changes, gases and temperature. The warning was used to let visitors know the potential of an explosion was higher than usual and could happen at any time. This could also be a follow-up to the previous year's 2007 eruption. A GeoNet New Zealand Bulletin was released on 21 July 2008 stating that \"the current phase of volcano unrest appears to be over, however Ruapehu remains an active volcano", "id": "16668977" }, { "contents": "Taupo Volcano\n\n\nrepresents the most violent eruption in the world in the last 5,000 years. The eruption went through several stages. The main pyroclastic flow devastated the surrounding area, climbing over 1500 metres (5000 ft) to overtop the nearby Kaimanawa Ranges and Mount Tongariro, and covering the land within with ignimbrite from Rotorua to Waiouru. Only Ruapehu was high enough to divert the flow. The power of the pyroclastic flow was so strong that in some places it eroded more material off the ground surface than it replaced with ignimbrite. Valleys were filled", "id": "1092025" }, { "contents": "Taupo Volcanic Zone\n\n\nTaupo Volcanic Zone is widening east–west at the rate of about 8 mm per year. It is named after Lake Taupo, the flooded caldera of the largest volcano in the zone. There are numerous volcanic vents and geothermal fields in the zone, with Mount Ruapehu, Mount Ngauruhoe and White Island erupting most frequently. The zone's largest eruption since the arrival of Europeans was that of Mount Tarawera in 1886, which killed over 100 people. Early Maori would also have been affected by the much larger Kaharoa eruption from Tarawera", "id": "19748459" }, { "contents": "Ice-marginal lava flow\n\n\nlava cliffs. Ruapehu Volcano Mount Ruapehu is the tallest mountain on the Northern island of New Zealand. The massive stratovolcano is an excellent example of how scientists put historic glacial periods and volcanism together. Ice-marginal lava flows are a keystone in Ruapehu’s history and are well displayed in the Wahainoa Lava Formation (Figure 4). The characteristic columnar jointing and massively thick lava barriers are evidence of major ice-marginal lava flows. Scientists have determined through geochronology that the volcano erupted about 15-51 thousand years ago and the", "id": "144492" }, { "contents": "Te Puke\n\n\nreceived from Tauranga. Evidence of the Tarawera eruption can still be found in disturbed ground in the area today. (Te Puke was again covered in ash during the 1995 Mount Ruapehu eruption though not to the same scale.) Te Puke town-ship began to grow and a mission/town hall was built in 1883. This was used for town meetings and as a church by three of the congregations. The first school, (Te Puke Primary) was opened in 1883. The Te Puke Times was first printed in", "id": "13543129" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nexceeded by only 1% of temperature measurements in the preceding decade, most recently in May 2016. While GeoNet retained the level 1 alert state, they added \"it is a useful reminder that eruptions can occur with little or no warning\". Ruapehu has two commercial ski fields, Whakapapa on the northern side and Turoa on the southern slope. They are the two largest ski fields in New Zealand, with Whakapapa the larger. The club Tukino field is on the east of the mountain and is open to the public.", "id": "16668981" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\neruption and a rescue operation was mounted to rescue him from the Dome Shelter near the crater. The rock crashed into the Dome Shelter, landed on the man and was too heavy for his companion to lift off. Two lahars that travelled down the mountain activated warning signals from the lahar warning system and prompted the evacuation of some ski lodges on the mountain and the closure of roads in the area. The eruption was accompanied by a 7-minute-long earthquake, measuring 2.9 on the Richter Scale. On 2 May 2008, a", "id": "16668976" }, { "contents": "Whanganui River\n\n\nCountry before turning south-east and flowing past the small settlements of Pipiriki and Jerusalem, before reaching the coast at Whanganui. It is one of the country's longest navigable rivers. The river valley changed in the 1843 Wanganui earthquake. In the 1970s a minor eruption from Mount Ruapehu spilled some of the contents from the Ruapehu Crater Lake (the same root cause of the Tangiwai disaster). This toxic water entered the Whanganui River and had the effect of killing much of the fish life downstream. In the aftermath of the", "id": "6192833" }, { "contents": "Auckland volcanic field\n\n\nthe explosive subduction-driven volcanism in the central North Island, such as at Mount Ruapehu and Lake Taupo. The field is currently dormant, but could become active again. The field ranges from Lake Pupuke and Rangitoto Island in the north to Matukutururu (Wiri Mountain) in the south, and from Mount Albert in the west to Pigeon Mountain in the east. The first vent erupted at Onepoto 248,000 ± 28,000 years ago. The most recent eruption (about 600 years ago and within historical memory of the local Māori iwi)", "id": "6451358" }, { "contents": "Mount Ngauruhoe\n\n\nMount Ngauruhoe is an active stratovolcano in New Zealand, made from layers of lava and tephra. It is the youngest vent in the Tongariro volcanic complex on the Central Plateau of the North Island, and first erupted about 2,500 years ago. Although often regarded as a separate mountain, geologically it is a secondary cone of Mount Tongariro. The volcano lies between the active volcanoes of Mount Tongariro to the north and Mount Ruapehu to the south, to the west of the Rangipo Desert and 25 kilometres to the south of the southern shore", "id": "3284112" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nfed by melting snow. Major eruptions may completely expel the lake water. Where a major eruption has deposited a tephra dam across the lake's outlet, the dam may collapse after the lake has refilled and risen above the level of its normal outlet, the outrush of water causing a large lahar. In 2000, the ERLAWS system was installed on the mountain to detect such a collapse and alert the relevant authorities. The 1945 eruption emptied Crater Lake and dammed the outlet with tephra. The crater slowly refilled with water, until", "id": "16668968" }, { "contents": "Volcanology of New Zealand\n\n\nproductive area of recent silicic volcanic activity, with the highest concentration of young rhyolitic volcanoes. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end, and it continues up through Ngauruhoe, Tongariro, Lake Taupo, the Whakamaru, Mangakino, Maroa, Reporoa, and Rotorua calderas, the Okataina Volcanic Complex (including Mount Tarawera) and 85 kilometres beyond White Island to the submarine Whakatane volcano. The TVZ also contains numerous smaller volcanoes, along with geysers and geothermal areas. Volcanic eruptions began here around two million years ago, with silicic eruptions starting around", "id": "10673507" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\noff the mountain, thus ending the ski season. The eruption cloud disrupted air travel, occasionally closing airports and the central North Island airspace. Black sand-like ash fell on surrounding farmland and stock had to be moved. The ash also entered streams and was washed into the pen stocks and turbines of the Rangipo power station causing rapid corrosion on the turbine blades which had to be rebuilt. Episodic eruptions continued until the end of November 1995. Within hours of a major eruption during the night being reported on 25 September 1995", "id": "16668971" }, { "contents": "Mount Tongariro\n\n\nMount Tongariro (; ) is a compound volcano in the Taupo Volcanic Zone of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located to the southwest of Lake Taupo, and is the northernmost of the three active volcanoes that dominate the landscape of the central North Island. Mount Tongariro is part of the Tongariro volcanic centre, which consists of four massifs made of andesite: Tongariro, Kakaramea, Pihanga, and Ruapehu. The andesitic eruptions formed Tongariro, a steep stratovolcano, reaching a height of . Tongariro is composed of layers of both", "id": "16952510" }, { "contents": "Volcanic ash\n\n\nand photosynthesis and alter growth. There may be an increase in pasture production due to a mulching effect and slight fertilizing effect, such as occurred following the 1980 Mount St. Helens and 1995/96 Mt Ruapehu eruptions. Heavier falls will completely bury pastures and soil leading to death of pasture and sterilization of the soil due to oxygen deprivation. Plant survival is dependent on ash thickness, ash chemistry, compaction of ash, amount of rainfall, duration of burial and the length of plant stalks at the time of ash fall. The acidic nature", "id": "20945765" }, { "contents": "Tongariro National Park\n\n\nEarth's crust (the faults) resulting in volcanic processes in the area. Volcanic processes have been building the mountains of Tongariro National Park for over two million years. Three volcanoes (Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu) remain active, while the park's two northernmost volcanoes (Pihanga and the Kakaramea-Tihia Massif) last erupted over 20,000 years ago. They have however produced significant historic mudflows. Erosion and deposition by mountain glaciers has also played an important role in shaping Tongariro and Ruapehu volcanoes. Small glaciers are present on the", "id": "16558407" }, { "contents": "Manawatu-Wanganui\n\n\nmountain in the North Island, Ngauruhoe 2,291 m and Tongariro 1,968 m. During the last 100 years Ruapehu has experienced six significant eruptions, and last erupted in 1995 and 1996. Three major rivers divide the region: the Whanganui (290 km), Manawatu (182 km) and Rangitikei (241 km). The Whanganui is the second-longest river and has the second-largest catchment in the North Island, draining most of the inland region west of Lake Taupo. There are few roads in this area, which contains", "id": "7663457" }, { "contents": "Volcanology of New Zealand\n\n\n, and 151 lives were lost. This was ultimately caused by Ruapehu's 1945 eruption, which had emptied the crater lake and dammed the outlet with tephra. Effects can be widespread even for eruptions of only moderate size. Ash plumes from Ruapehu's 1996 eruption forced the closure of eleven airports, including Auckland International Airport. Insurance against volcanic damage (along with other natural disasters) is provided by the country's Earthquake Commission. The Māori had many myths and legends regarding the land's volcanic mountains. Perhaps the most well known", "id": "10673494" }, { "contents": "Cascade Volcanoes\n\n\nis not expected in the near future. Glacier Peak last erupted about 200–300 years ago and has erupted about six times in the past 4,000 years. Mount Rainier last erupted between 1824 and 1854, but many eyewitnesses reported eruptive activity in 1858, 1870, 1879, 1882, and in 1894 as well. Mount Rainier has created at least four eruptions and many lahars in the past 4,000 years. Mount Adams was last active about 1,000 years ago and has created few eruptions during the past several thousand years, resulting in several major", "id": "1381851" }, { "contents": "Mount Rainier\n\n\nand what they are capable of in the future, including Mount Rainier. Of these, only two have erupted since the beginning of the twentieth century: Lassen in 1915 and St. Helens in 1980 and 2004. However, past eruptions in this volcanic arc have multiple examples of sub-plinian eruptions or higher: Crater Lake's last eruption as Mount Mazama was large enough to cause its cone to collapse, and Mt. Rainier's closest neighbor, Mount St. Helens, produced the largest eruption in the continental United States when it erupted", "id": "6780958" }, { "contents": "Volcanic ash\n\n\na result of the chemistry of the ash and gas, which contained high levels of Hydrogen Fluoride. Following the 1995/96 Mount Ruapehu eruptions in New Zealand, two thousand ewes and lambs died after being affected by fluorosis while grazing on land with only 1–3 mm of ash fall. Symptoms of flourorsis among cattle exposed to ash Brown-yellow to green-black mottles in the teeth, and hypersensibility to pressure in the legs and back. Ash ingestion may also cause gastrointestinal blockages. Sheep that ingested ash from the 1991 Mount Hudson volcanic", "id": "20945761" }, { "contents": "Ruapehu District\n\n\nRuapehu District is a territorial authority in the centre of New Zealand's North Island. It has an area of 6,730 square kilometers and the district's population at the census was . The district is landlocked, and contains the western half of the Tongariro National Park, including Mount Ruapehu and the western sides of Mount Ngauruhoe and Mount Tongariro, as well as part of the Whanganui National Park. The district is also home to the world-famous Raurimu Spiral on the North Island Main Trunk railway line. The tourist towns of Raetihi", "id": "9805265" }, { "contents": "Bill Hunt (alpine skier)\n\n\nDownhill and 51st in the Giant Slalom. He was educated at Te Kuiti School, Southwell School in Hamilton, King's College in Auckland, and Massey Agricultural College in Palmerston North. Later, he was a farmer. He had been introduced to skiing at Mount Ruapehu while at Massey in 1948, when he joined the Ruapehu Ski Club, and had instruction at Ruapehu from Swiss champion Walter Haensli. He was on the club committee; later as president, life member and patron. He was a councillor and president (chairman", "id": "17749806" }, { "contents": "Taupo Volcano\n\n\nLake Taupo, in the centre of New Zealand’s North Island, is the caldera of a large rhyolitic supervolcano called the Taupo Volcano. This huge volcano has produced two of the world’s most violent eruptions in geologically recent times. The Taupo Volcano forms part of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, a region of volcanic activity that extends from Ruapehu in the South, through the Taupo and Rotorua regions, to White Island, in the Bay of Plenty. Taupo began erupting about 300,000 years ago, but the main eruptions that still affect", "id": "1092018" }, { "contents": "Mount Shasta\n\n\nhas erupted at least eight or nine times. About 200 years ago the last significant Mount Shasta eruption came from this cone and created a pyroclastic flow, a hot lahar (mudflow), and three cold lahars, which streamed down Mount Shasta's east flank via Ash Creek. A separate hot lahar went down Mud Creek. This eruption was thought to have been observed by the explorer La Pérouse, from his ship off the California coast, in 1786, but this has been disputed. During the last 10,000 years, Mount", "id": "736045" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nMount Ruapehu is an active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. It is northeast of Ohakune and southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo, within Tongariro National Park. The North Island's major ski resorts and only glaciers are on its slopes. Ruapehu, the largest active volcano in New Zealand, is the highest point on the North Island and has three major peaks: Tahurangi (2,797 m), Te Heuheu (2,755 m) and Paretetaitonga (2,751 m). The deep,", "id": "16668966" }, { "contents": "Glacier mass balance\n\n\nbeen conducted on the glaciers on Mount Ruapehu since 1955. On Mount Ruapehu, permanent photographic stations allow repeat photography to be used to provide photographic evidence of changes to the glaciers on the mountain over time. An aerial photographic survey of 50 glaciers in the South Island has been carried out for most years since 1977. The data was used to show that between 1976 and 2005 there was a 10% loss in glacier volume. The North Cascade Glacier Climate Project measures the annual balance of 10 glaciers, more than any other program", "id": "19411660" }, { "contents": "Mount Vesuvius\n\n\nTuscany. Vesuvius is the only one to have erupted within recent history, although some of the others have erupted within the last few hundred years. Many are either extinct or have not erupted for tens of thousands of years. Mount Vesuvius has erupted many times. The famous eruption in AD 79 was preceded by numerous others in prehistory, including at least three significantly larger ones, the best known being the Avellino eruption around 1800 BC which engulfed several Bronze Age settlements. Since AD 79, the volcano has also erupted repeatedly,", "id": "3070184" }, { "contents": "Mount Cleveland (Alaska)\n\n\nvisited the island and gave Mount Cleveland its current name, after then-president Grover Cleveland. One of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc, Cleveland has erupted at least 22 times in the last 230 years. A VEI 3 eruption in 1944 produced the arc's only known volcanic fatality. Most recently Mount Cleveland has erupted three times in 2009, twice in 2010, once in 2011 and in 2016 and 2017. The volcano's remoteness limits opportunities for its study, and the Alaska Volcano Observatory relies heavily on satellites", "id": "5308124" }, { "contents": "Geyser\n\n\ntallest being only high, but with steam columns that can be over high. The average geyser eruption height at El Tatio is about . The Taupo Volcanic Zone is located on New Zealand's North Island. It is long by and lies over a subduction zone in the Earth's crust. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end, while the submarine Whakatane volcano ( beyond White Island) is considered its northeastern limit. Many geysers in this zone were destroyed due to geothermal developments and a hydroelectric reservoir, but several dozen geysers still exist", "id": "12769145" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\n. The small eruption created a volcanic earthquake at a magnitude of 2.8, sending a water plume 200 m into the air and tall waves crashing into the wall of the crater. On 18 March 2007, the tephra dam which had been holding back Crater Lake burst, sending a lahar down the mountain. An estimated 1.4 million cubic metres of mud, rock, and water travelled down the Whangaehu river. The Department of Conservation had received warning signals from the lahar warning system (ERLAWS) at around 10:30 that morning and closed", "id": "16668974" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nall major roads in the area, preventing thousands of motorists from travelling, and shut down the main rail system for the North Island. The river banks held and no spillovers occurred. There was no serious damage and no injuries. One family was trapped for around 24 hours after the lahar swept away the access route to their home. At about 8:20 p.m. on 25 September 2007, a hydrothermal eruption occurred without warning. One man, a 22-year-old primary school teacher, had a leg crushed by a rock during the", "id": "16668975" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\nvolcanic gas output, seismic activity and Crater Lake water chemistry. On 16 November 2012, GNS Science volcanologists warned that pressure was likely building up beneath Crater Lake, and that an eruption in the coming weeks or months was more likely than normal. The aviation colour code was raised from green to yellow. On 29 April 2016, Geonet issued a volcanic alert reporting that Crater Lake's temperature had risen to , up from in mid-April. An earthquake swarm was also recorded under Crater Lake. On 11 May the volcanic", "id": "16668979" }, { "contents": "2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull\n\n\nthe eruption was not large enough to have an effect on global temperatures like that of Mount Pinatubo and other major past volcanic eruptions. One previous related sequence of eruptions of this volcano, beginning in 1821 is recorded as having lasted for over two years, but no single set of major eruptions is known to have lasted more than 'several days'. Should the eruption continue for a sufficient length of time at its current intensity, the potential remains for a temporary global cooling effect. By analogy, the Laki eruption has been", "id": "2822275" }, { "contents": "Mount Pelée\n\n\ncaldera, and produced pyroclastic flows emptying into the Blanche River valley. This last eruption is mainly responsible for the current state of Mount Pelée. Before the 1902 eruption, as early as mid-1900, signs of increased fumarole activity were present in the \"Étang Sec\" (Dry Pond) crater near the summit. Relatively minor phreatic eruptions that occurred in 1792 and 1851 were evidence that the volcano was active and potentially dangerous. The indigenous Carib people knew it as \"fire mountain\" from previous eruptions in ancient times. Eruptions began", "id": "15661854" }, { "contents": "Mount Arayat\n\n\nrock, a Lava dome possibly formed by the last eruption, where its glimmering properties were most likely to have inspired the legend. Contrary to reality, the mountain is believed to be several mountains merging at the center including the tallest two peaks. Sinukuan is believed to have daughters who come down only during time of grace and are disguised as humans, Sinukuan himself can be disguised as human. The day he comes back is believed to either be when he responds to the attack of Namalyari on Mount Pinatubo's 1991 eruption or", "id": "4110103" }, { "contents": "Lassen Peak\n\n\nfissures on the volcano. In total, about 400 eruptions were observed between 1914 and 1921, which were the last eruptions in the Cascades before the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, which was the only other volcanic eruption in the contiguous United States during the 20th century. During its eruptions in the early 20th century, Lassen Peak attracted widespread media attention as the first volcano to erupt in the United States during the 20th century. Unlike eruptions at Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, or Mount Hood during the", "id": "549392" }, { "contents": "Mount Tongariro\n\n\nlava and tephra and first erupted 275,000 years ago. Tongariro consists of at least 12 cones. Ngauruhoe, while often regarded as a separate mountain, is geologically a cone of Tongariro. It is also the most active vent, having erupted more than 70 times since 1839, the last episode in 1973 to 1975. Activity has also been recorded at other vents in recent history. Te Māri Craters erupted in 2012, for the first time since 1897. Red Crater last erupted ash in 1926 and contains active fumaroles. There are", "id": "16952511" }, { "contents": "Mount Asama\n\n\nfell from the volcano. Explosive eruptions occurred at the summit of Asama volcano on 26 April. Fine ash fell in Tokyo, to the SE, for the first time in 23 years. Mount Asama erupted in 1783 (\"Tenmei 3\"), causing widespread damage. The three-month-long plinian eruption that began on 9 May 1783, produced andesitic pumice falls, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, and enlarged the cone. The climactic eruption began on 4 August and lasted for 15 hours, and contained pumice falls", "id": "6550747" }, { "contents": "Mount Bachelor\n\n\ndown its northern and northwestern sides. By 12,000 years ago, Mount Bachelor was close to its current size, as the oldest moraines from glaciers on the mountain (which are covered by lava flows from this third eruptive episode) can be dated to this time period. The current edifice at Mount Bachelor had been finished by about 10,000 years ago, followed by a gap in eruptive activity that lasted for 2,000 years. The latest eruptive activity within the chain yielded scoria cones and lava flows, including the Egan cone, which can", "id": "4103231" }, { "contents": "Mount Akagi\n\n\nPleistocene summit caldera began following the last of the plinian eruptions about 31,000 years ago. During historical time unusual activity was recorded on several occasions during the 9th century, but reported eruptions in 1251 and 1938 are considered uncertain. Mount Akagi, along with Mount Myōgi and Mount Haruna, is one of the , and the cold north winds down from it are called or . The Amagi-class aircraft carrier was named after Mount Akagi and was the flagship for the strike force commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo in the attack on Pearl", "id": "2852673" }, { "contents": "Cascade Volcanoes\n\n\nits peak called Crater Rock. Between 1856 and 1865, a sequence of steam explosions took place at Mount Hood. A great deal of volcanic activity has occurred at Newberry Volcano, which was last active about 1,300 years ago. It has one of the largest collections of cinder cones, lava domes, lava flows and fissures in the world. Medicine Lake Volcano has erupted about eight times in the past 4,000 years and was last active about 1,000 years ago when rhyolite and dacite erupted at Glass Mountain and associated vents near the caldera", "id": "1381853" }, { "contents": "Ngātoro-i-rangi\n\n\nwe see today. Ngātoro-i-rangi named a large number of places in the Central Plateau of the North Island in order to claim the area on behalf of his descendants, who would eventually return under the mantle of the tribe Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Due to the clouds that swarmed around the mountains Pihanga, Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngāuruhoe, the Desert Road side was unknown to Ngātoro-i-rangi at this time which is why the borderlines of Ngati Tuwharetoa are only one side of Mount Ruapehu, the other side", "id": "1044537" }, { "contents": "Mount Tambora\n\n\nvents is basaltic lava flows. Radiocarbon dating has established that Mount Tambora had erupted three times during the current Holocene epoch before the 1815 eruption, but the magnitudes of these eruptions are unknown. Their estimated dates are 3910 BC ± 200 years, 3050 BC and 740 AD ± 150 years. An earlier caldera was filled with lava flows starting from 43,000 years BP; two pyroclastic eruptions occurred later and formed the Black Sands and Brown Tuff formations, the last of which was emplaced between about 3890 BC and 800 AD. In 1812", "id": "19443137" }, { "contents": "Newberry Volcano\n\n\nThe last of these tephra eruptions yielded the Newberry pumice just before 1,300 years ago, reaching several hundred miles to the east. Between the last Ice Age about 12,000 years ago and 7,700 years ago, the volcano erupted at least 12 times. Mount Mazama erupted 7,700 years ago, producing volcanic ash and pumice that accumulated to a thickness of up to on the Newberry Volcano, covering many of the lava flows on its slopes. During three eruptive periods at Newberry over the past 7,500 years, the caldera has seen rhyolitic eruptions from", "id": "14032067" }, { "contents": "Geology of Taranaki\n\n\n, is also active. The main effects of eruptions from this area on the Taranaki Region involve the generation of lahars flowing down the Whangaehu River (from Ruapehu), and the Whanganui River (from both Ruapehu and Tongariro). The Taranaki Peninsula and surrounding sea provides New Zealand with its only known commercial oil and gas fields, including Kapuni, Maui, and Pohokura (see also Oil and gas industry in New Zealand). The rocks above the deposits have an appropriate shape, and are of a suitable composition to create", "id": "1712087" }, { "contents": "Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji\n\n\nwhere the dacitic magma resides), as well as the basaltic chamber at 20 km deep. Many articles find a correlation between the two earthquakes, getting to the conclusion that without one another the Hoei eruption would’ve not happened. Sixteen eruptions of New Fuji have been recorded since 781. Many of the eruptions occurred in the Heian era, with twelve eruptions between 800 and 1083. Sometimes inactive periods between eruptions lasted for hundreds of years, as in the period between 1083 and 1511, when no eruptions were recorded for over", "id": "7917315" }, { "contents": "Mount Mariveles\n\n\nTiis Spring, Saysain Spring, and Pucot Spring. There are no recorded historical eruptions from Mariveles caldera. However, archeologists report the last active eruption indicated by radiocarbon dating occurring around mid-Holocene or about 2050 BCE. Rock type is predominantly biotite, hornblende, and andesite, with dacite flows and dacitic tuffs similar to nearby Mount Natib. Mount Mariveles is on the Western Bataan Lineament volcanic belt of Luzon, which includes Mount Pinatubo, site of the second largest eruption of the last 20th century. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology", "id": "12788032" }, { "contents": "National Park, New Zealand\n\n\nRuapehu. The town is sited next to the North Island Main Trunk railway line and close to the junction of State Highways 4 and 47, halfway between Raetihi and Taumarunui and 45 kilometres southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo. It is 20 minutes drive to the country's biggest skifields, Whakapapa and 50 minutes drive to Turoa on the slopes of the active volcano, Mount Ruapehu. To the west is Whanganui National Park. The town is administered by the Ruapehu District Council. One councillor is elected for the National Park", "id": "6590978" }, { "contents": "Ruapehu District\n\n\n, Whakapapa Village, National Park and Ohakune are located near Mount Ruapehu in the south east of the district. Waiouru, with an elevation of 815 metres, is in the extreme south east of the district and houses the large Waiouru Army Camp. The southern section of the infamous Desert Road section of State Highway 1 runs through the east of the district, from Waiouru to Rangipo. The Ruapehu District Council was established by the 1989 local government reforms. It was formed from the Taumarunui Borough Council, Taumarunui County Council, Waimarino", "id": "9805266" }, { "contents": "Tongariro National Park\n\n\nMount Ruapehu. Besides these, there are numerous shorter tracks appropriate for day tramps. With this track net, three camp sites, two emergency shelters, nine public and four private huts and the facilities in Whakapapa, the park is well developed for tourism. These tracks also serve as winter routes, as well as the track to the summit of Mount Ruapehu. Rock-climbing is also an option. Snow season is from late June to early November. The biggest ski area, also called Whakapapa, is on the north", "id": "16558416" }, { "contents": "Mount Ruapehu\n\n\na.m. and made the road too dangerous for cars without chains or 4WD to leave the area. By 3 p.m. there were still over 100 cars in the Whakapapa car park and those who had not been able to leave by that point were told to settle in for the night. All cars were able to leave safely the next morning. The climate found is maritime polar or tundra (Köppen: \"ET\") for subpolar oceanic climate (\"Cfc\"). The glaciers on Mount Ruapehu are the only glaciers in the", "id": "16668985" }, { "contents": "North Island Volcanic Plateau\n\n\nThe water runs down the mountain, picking up ash, lapilli, blocks and bombs as well as previously eroded rock, forming a thick, dense mud that is capable of picking up car-sized rocks. An old lahar flow is visible from the approach road to Whakapapa ski field. In December 1953 a sudden lahar at night on Mt Ruapehu knocked out the rail bridge at Tangiwai, causing six carriages of the Wellington-Auckland express to plunge into the Whangaehu River, killing 151 people. The last major eruption in the", "id": "4510960" }, { "contents": "Edmund Hillary\n\n\n40 minutes journey each way) until the family moved to Remuera, Auckland in 1935, his last of four years at \"Grammar\". He was initially smaller than his peers and shy, and did not enjoy \"Grammar\", where commuting barred him from after-school activities. He grew to be and gained confidence after taking up boxing. He became interested in climbing when he was 16 following a 1935 school trip to Mount Ruapehu, after which he showed more interest in tramping than in studying and said he \"", "id": "21741735" }, { "contents": "Mount Bulusan\n\n\nto 7:00 AM by residents of the village of Monbon in Irosin town. The next day, June 19, Bulusan erupted yet again at around 2:55 PM producing a 1.5 kilometer high ash plume. On June 10, almost a year after its last eruption, Mount Bulusan erupted again at 11:35 AM. The eruption lasted for five minutes and generated an ash plume measuring 6,562 feet or some 2,000 meters. According to PHIVOLCS, the eruption was phreatic in nature and had a shallow source, with the ash drifting northwest to the direction", "id": "15887498" }, { "contents": "Mount Tongariro\n\n\nmany explosion craters on the massif; water has filled some of these to form the Blue Lake and the Emerald Lakes. The high altitude and severe alpine climate between March and October cause snowfall in the winter (there are commercial ski-fields at neighbouring Mount Ruapehu) and rain can freeze, causing verglas; in contrast in the mid to late summer, the mountains can be bare apart from remnant patches of snow in south-facing gullies. Unlike nearby Mt. Ruapehu, no glaciers exist on Tongariro today. However, geomorphological", "id": "16952512" }, { "contents": "George Beetham\n\n\nby 1901 the largest land holding in the Wairarapa, at . As the land had originally been owned by Māori, Beetham engaged with them frequently and they knew him as Hori Pitama. His sister Susannah married Cecil Fitzroy in 1878. Beetham made his first exploration of Mount Ruapehu in March 1878. In 1879, Beetham, accompanied by Joseph Prime Maxwell, a civil engineer of Wellington, made a complete ascent of Mount Ruapehu, and, reaching its summit, crossed the large southern glacier, and made a close examination of the", "id": "19526482" }, { "contents": "Mount Merapi\n\n\n38 metres lower than before the 2010 eruptions. After a large eruption in 2010 the characteristic of Mount Merapi was changed. On 18 November 2013 Mount Merapi burst smoke up to 2,000 meters high, one of its first major phreatic eruptions after the 2010 eruption. Researchers said that this eruption occurred due to combined effect of hot volcanic gases and abundant rainfall. The last eruption was so far 11 May 2018 The name \"Merapi\" could be loosely translated as the Mountain of Fire. The etymology of the name came from \"Meru", "id": "9740993" }, { "contents": "Mount Meager massif\n\n\nagain?\" Was the explosive eruption of Meager Mountain the last gasp of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt or only the most recent event in its on-going life? The short answer is nobody really knows for sure. So just in case I sometimes do a quick check of the old hot-spots when I get off the Peak Chair. Because of concerns about potential eruptions and danger to communities in the area, the plans to create hazard maps and emergency plans for the Mount Meager massif as well as the Mount Cayley massif", "id": "6564363" }, { "contents": "Ambrym\n\n\nalso spelled Maroum). Mount Benbow was named by Captain Cook after English Admiral John Benbow (1653–1702), whom Cook admired. Several times a century, Ambrym volcano has destructive eruptions. Mount Benbow last erupted in 1913, causing the evacuation of the population to Mele, near Port Vila on Efate. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity. In March 2017, Google added the Marum crater", "id": "7595365" }, { "contents": "Mount Eniwa\n\n\nThe last eruption occurred around the start of the 18th century (c. 1700 ±30 years). There are no historical records of this, but tephrochronology indicates phreatic explosions with mudflows from crater 3. Two centuries before this eruption (c. 1550 ±75 years), radiocarbon dating indicates a similar eruption from crater 2. Around the same time (c. 1500 ±150 years), radiocarbon dating indicates another eruption, but from crater 1. This eruption included debris avalanches instead of mudflows. The oldest eruption that has been dated is an explosive", "id": "2862469" }, { "contents": "Mount Tambora\n\n\nto be part of the 1815 eruption. This eruption was recorded at 2 on the VEI scale. Around 1880 ± 30 years, eruptions at Mount Tambora have been registered only inside the caldera. It created small lava flows and lava dome extrusions; this was recorded at two on the VEI scale. This eruption created the \"Doro Api Toi\" parasitic cone inside the caldera. Mount Tambora is still active and minor lava domes and flows have been extruded on the caldera floor during the 19th and 20th centuries. The last eruption", "id": "19443139" }, { "contents": "946 eruption of Paektu Mountain\n\n\ncolumn, and ended with voluminous pyroclastic flows. An average of of Plinian ashfall and coignimbrite ashfall covered about of the Sea of Japan and northern Japan. This ash layer has been named the \"Baegdusan-Tomakomai ash\"(B-Tm). It probably occurred in winter in late A.D. 946. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years along with the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupo at around 180 AD, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani, and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora", "id": "21868238" }, { "contents": "Paektu Mountain\n\n\ncaldera was formed by the VEI 7 \"Millennium\" or \"Tianchi\" eruption of 946, which erupted about of tephra. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years (alongside the Minoan eruption, the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupo in around AD 180, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani, and the 1815 eruption of Tambora). The mountain plays an important cultural role in the societies and civil religions of both contemporary Korean states, for instance, it is mentioned in", "id": "13704696" }, { "contents": "Mount Salak\n\n\ntranslated to \"Silver Mountain\" or \"Mount Silver\". Mount Salak is an adesetic stratovolcano with its last recorded eruption in January 1938. On October 10, 2018, there was a false alarm, as the VAAC in Darwin said that there was a sudden eruption and that an ash plume from the volcano had risen to 15 km, or 50,000 feet. After a period of no confirmation of whether an eruption took place or not, it was determined that an eruption had indeed not taken place and that the initial report", "id": "13230650" }, { "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai\n\n\nThe 1888 eruption of Mount Bandai was a major volcanic eruption which occurred during the Meiji period of the Empire of Japan. The eruption occurred on July 15, 1888, and pyroclastic flows buried villages on the northern foot of the mountain, and devastated the eastern part of Bandai region, Fukushima Prefecture north of Tokyo. At least 477 people were killed and hundreds more were injured and rendered homeless in what became the worst volcanic disaster in recent Japanese history. Mount Bandai is a stratovolcano. Its last eruption had occurred in 806.", "id": "11601924" }, { "contents": "Mount E\n\n\nMount E consists of non-alkali, mafic, volcanic rock. The andesitic volcano is topped with a lava dome. Mount E last erupted on June 8, 1874. This eruption consisted of phreatic explosions and was rated a 1 on the VEI scale. The oldest recorded eruption started November 18, 1846. The eruption triggered lahars damaging several houses and causing fatalities. Radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology indicate five other eruptions predating the historical records in the approximate years 1350, 550 BC, 1050 BC, 3900 BC ±100 years, 7050", "id": "5566545" }, { "contents": "Mount Cayley volcanic field\n\n\nflows and small amounts of pyroclastic material; its vent is presently buried under glacial ice. At least three eruptions have occurred at Pali Dome East. The age of the first volcanic eruption is unknown, but it could have occurred in the last 10,000 years. The second eruption produced a lava flow that was erupted when the vent area was not buried under glacial ice. However, the flow does show evidence of interaction with glacial ice at its lower unit. This indicates that the lavas were erupted during the waning stages of the", "id": "10425360" }, { "contents": "Mount Mazama\n\n\neffusive lava that created lava fields northward and eastward of its vent. Merriam cone does not have a summit crater, but rises to above the northern lake floor. Merriam cone was produced underwater, and was probably formed at the same or similar time as Wizard Island and the central platform. Mazama was last active about 4,800 years ago, when an eruption took place near Wizard Island's eastern base. This eruption took place underwater, and it produced viscous lava that created a rhyodacite lava dome, about 2,400 years after the first", "id": "10950949" }, { "contents": "Mount Adams (Washington)\n\n\nSince that time the volcano has erupted at least ten times, generally from above . One of the more recent flows issued from South Butte and created the long by wide A.G. Aiken Lava Bed. This flow looks young but has 3,500-year-old Mount St. Helens ash on it, meaning it is at least that old. Of a similar age are the Takh Takh Meadows and Muddy Fork lava flows. The lowest vent to erupt since the main cone was constructed is Smith Butte on the south slope of Adams. The last lava", "id": "18747779" }, { "contents": "Geology of New Zealand\n\n\nAndesitic eruptions tend to form steep stratovolcanoes, including mountains such as Ruapehu, Tongariro and Taranaki, islands such as Little Barrier, White and Raoul Islands, or submarine seamounts like Monowai Seamount. Rhyolitic eruptions with large amounts of water tend to cause violent eruptions, producing calderas, such as Lake Taupo and Lake Rotorua. New Zealand also has many volcanoes which are not clearly related to plate subduction including the extinct Dunedin Volcano and Banks Peninsula, and the dormant Auckland Volcanic Field. The South Island has no currently active volcanoes. However", "id": "1986861" }, { "contents": "Mount Hood\n\n\nthe past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below the summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now-eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending", "id": "13977969" }, { "contents": "Caldera\n\n\nnoticeable drop in temperature around the world. Large calderas may have even greater effects. When Yellowstone Caldera last erupted some 650,000 years ago, it released about 1,000 km of material (as measured in dense rock equivalent (DRE)), covering a substantial part of North America in up to two metres of debris. By comparison, when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, it released ~1.2 km (DRE) of ejecta. The ecological effects of the eruption of a large caldera can be seen in the record of the Lake", "id": "7745677" }, { "contents": "Mount Price (British Columbia)\n\n\nof some of the main agencies that would respond to an erupting volcano in Canada, an eruption close to the Canada–United States border or any eruption that would affect Canada. At least 63 volcanic events have occurred in the Garibaldi Lake volcanic field in the last 1.3 million years. Since the early Holocene epoch, there has been no eruptive activity. Future eruptions of Mount Price will probably be similar in character to those that have occurred throughout its 1.2 million year eruptive history. The minimum annual probability of an eruption occurring in", "id": "7638109" }, { "contents": "Skylanders: Swap Force\n\n\na volcano known as Mount Cloudbreak. During the last eruption ceremony, something tragic happened. Kaos' Mother aimed to destroy the volcano, but a team of Skylanders defended it. After that, the volcano erupted, sending these Skylanders to Earth. The volcano's eruption gave these Skylanders the ability to swap their tops and bottoms, transforming them into the Swap Force. Now that 100 years have passed, Flynn goes to see the eruption, when he suddenly find a girl riding on a giant bird. She explains that her", "id": "5806864" }, { "contents": "Mount Etna\n\n\nCatania) 24 years later in 1693. A study on the damage and fatalities caused by eruptions of Etna in historical times reveals that only 77 human deaths are attributable with certainty to eruptions of Etna, most recently in 1987 when two tourists were killed by a sudden explosion near the summit. A large lava flow from an eruption in 1928 led to the destruction of a population centre for the first time since the 1669 eruption. The eruption started high on Etna's northeast flank on 2 November. Then new eruptive fissures opened at", "id": "6587760" }, { "contents": "Volcanology of New Zealand\n\n\nkm³ of material (rating 7 on the VEI scale), with around 30 km³ ejected in just a few minutes. It is believed that the eruption column was high, twice as high as the eruption column from Mount St. Helens in 1980. This makes it one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years (alongside the Tianchi eruption of Baekdu at around 1000 and the 1815 eruption of Tambora). The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China. Mount Tarawera's eruption around 1310 CE, while", "id": "10673491" }, { "contents": "Mount Pinatubo\n\n\nas follows: Contributions made by participating countries in the UN are as follows: Some specific projects under the auspices of the DPWH, which were made possible by foreign assistance, included: Following the climactic eruption of June 15, 1991, activity at the volcano continued at a much lower level, with continuous ash eruptions lasting until August 1991 and episodic eruptions continuing for another month. Activity then remained low until July 1992 when a new lava dome started growing in the caldera. Volcanologists suspected that further violent eruptions could be possible,", "id": "19233465" }, { "contents": "Tongariro National Park\n\n\nof Mount Tongariro, Mount Ngauruhoe, and parts of Mount Ruapehu, were conveyed to The Crown on 23 September 1887, on condition that a protected area was established there. This 26.4 km area was generally considered to be too small to establish a national park after the model of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, United States, and so further areas were acquired. When the New Zealand Parliament passed the Tongariro National Park Act in October 1894, the park covered an area of about 252.13 km, but it took until 1907 to", "id": "16558399" }, { "contents": "Mount Etna\n\n\narea. The eruption continued at a slowly diminishing rate for 417 days, until 6 July 2009, making this the longest flank eruption of Etna since the 1991–1993 eruption that lasted 473 days. Previous eruptions, in 2001, 2002–2003, and 2004–2005 had lasted 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Lava flows advanced 6.5 km during the first few days of this eruption but thereafter stagnated at many minor distances from the vents; during the last months of the eruption lava rarely advanced more than 1 km downslope.", "id": "6587771" }, { "contents": "2009 Mount Redoubt eruptive activity\n\n\nAlaska's Mount Redoubt volcano began erupting on March 22, 2009, and activity continued for several months. During the eruptions, which lasted for several months, reports found ash clouds reaching as high as above sea level. In response, the National Weather Service issued a series of ash fall advisories. The Mat-Su Valley, Anchorage, Valdez and large portions of the Kenai Peninsula all received coatings of tephra. The 2009 eruptions of Mount Redoubt represented the most seismic activity occurring on the mountain in twenty years. The 2009", "id": "4900626" }, { "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai\n\n\npopulace with undue concern. On July 15, three earthquakes occurred prior to the main eruption. The third one was the largest, at around magnitude 5. At 07:45, while the ground was still heaving, a Phreatic eruption began at the fumaroles approximately 100 meters upslope from the Kaminoyu hot spring resort on the flank of Ko-Bandai. Successive explosions occurred 15 to 20 times per minute. Each explosion was accompanied by thunder and a black eruption column ascending to a height of 1300 meters. The last explosion was observed to", "id": "11601926" }, { "contents": "Mount Guntur\n\n\nMount Guntur or Gunung Guntur is an active stratovolcano in western Java. It is part of a complex of several overlapping stratovolcanoes about northwest of the city of Garut. The last eruption was in 1847. At an elevation of , Mount Guntur rises about above the plain of Garut. It produced frequent explosive eruptions in the 19th century, making it one of the most active volcanoes of western Java. Since then it has not erupted. The name Guntur means \"thunder\" in the Indonesian language. The Kamojang crater, a geothermal", "id": "19634146" }, { "contents": "Mount Bulusan\n\n\nof Juban town. While the PHIVOLCS did not raise the alert level 1 in the volcano, it advised residents not to enter the four-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone and warned pilots not to fly near the volcano. On December 29, Mount Bulusan had a phreatic eruption, shooting a plume of ash about two kilometers high. It happened 2:40 pm local time and lasted for about 16-minutes. The eruption prompted PHILVOLCS to raise Alert level 1 for the surrounding areas and remind the public not to enter the 4-kilometer radius Permanent Danger Zone", "id": "15887499" }, { "contents": "Mount Pinatubo\n\n\nwere damaged and replaced, including all three engines of one DC-10. Longer term damage to aircraft and engines was reported, including accumulation of sulphate deposits on engines. The eruption also irreparably damaged the Philippine Air Force's recently retired fleet of Vought F-8s, as these were in open storage at Basa Air Base at the time. The June 15 eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 6, and came some 450–500 years after the volcano's last known eruptive activity. The eruption ejected about of material, making it", "id": "19233441" } ]

[ { "contents": "Proposition 103\n\n\nCalifornia voters passed Proposition 103 on November 8, 1988. It in effect made insurance companies require \"prior approval\" from the California Department of Insurance before implementing property and casualty insurance rates. It passed with 51% of the vote. The measure expanded the Department's responsibility for enforcement to include: property insurance, automobile insurance, life insurance and other types of casualty coverage. Proposition 103 made the California Insurance Commissioner an elected position (previously being a governor-appointed position). The ballot measure required insurers \"roll back", "id": "5139020" }, { "contents": "California Insurance Commissioner\n\n\nCalifornia Insurance Commissioner has been an elected executive office position in California since 1991. Prior to that time, the Insurance Commissioner was appointed by the Governor. The officeholder is in charge of the California Department of Insurance. The current Insurance Commissioner is Democrat Ricardo Lara. As a result of the passage of Proposition 103 in 1988, the elected office of the California Insurance Commissioner was created in 1991. Previously, the position was held by a person appointed by the Governor. The Insurance Commissioner oversees the Department of Insurance. Democrat Dave", "id": "12084828" }, { "contents": "California Department of Insurance\n\n\nmargin (51%), on the promise of providing consumers with a 20% rate rollback. It also broadened the Department of Insurance's responsibility for enforcement to include property insurance, automobile insurance, life insurance and other types of casualty coverage, including a requirement that the property and casualty insurance premium rates must be pre-approved by the department. Proposition 103 also changed the status of the California Insurance Commissioner to that of an elected official, from being a governor-appointed position. Proposition 103 also expanded the department's", "id": "15607072" }, { "contents": "2004 California Proposition 62\n\n\nGeneral, Insurance Commissioner, Controller, Secretary of State, and Treasurer), for the California State Legislature, and for federal congressional elections (to both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. The proposition did exempt presidential primary elections and elections of party central committees. The provisions of Proposition 62 conflicted with those of Proposition 60, which the California State Legislature referred on the ballot. That proposition essentially re-affirmed the existing partisan primary system. The California Constitution provides that if the provisions of two approved propositions are", "id": "2294837" }, { "contents": "ProtectMarriage.com\n\n\nserved as chief counsel in the defense of Proposition 22. In July 2008, ProtectMarriage.com hired Jennifer Kerns as communications director. Kerns, a public relations consultant, was previously the communications director for Steve Poizner's successful 2006 bid for the position of California Insurance Commissioner. She also served as assistant to California Secretary of State Bruce McPherson, analyzing election practices and results. ProtectMarriage.com comprises three programs: Proposition 8 Legal Defense Fund, the ProtectMarriage.com Educational Foundation and ProtectMarriage.com Action Fund. Members of the coalition include: the Family Research Council,", "id": "12770086" }, { "contents": "Consumer Watchdog\n\n\ndefeated in the state capital. In 1987, Rosenfield began to write a ballot box proposal to regulate California property and casualty insurance companies and formed a campaign to sponsor it called Voter Revolt. The proposal turned into insurance reform Proposition 103 and promised voters a minimum 20% rollback in rates for property, auto and other kinds of insurance. The measure required auto insurers to base auto insurance premiums primarily on a policyholder's driving safety record, annual mileage driven and years driving experience. Proposition 103 also made the California Insurance Commissioner an", "id": "13660222" }, { "contents": "Sandy Praeger\n\n\nSandy Praeger was the Republican Kansas Insurance Commissioner from 2003 to 2015. She was first elected on November 2, 2002. Her term began January 13, 2003. She was re-elected in 2006 and 2010 to the same position. Commissioner Praeger was responsible for regulating all insurance sold in Kansas and overseeing the nearly 1,700 insurance companies and 110,000 agents licensed to do business in the state. Praeger is also the former president of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, and has been their spokesperson in favor of maintaining state insurance regulation", "id": "14220040" }, { "contents": "Write-in candidate\n\n\nstate, state treasurer, state controller, attorney general, insurance commissioner, and superintendent of public instruction), California Board of Equalization, and for the California State Legislature. In the system set up by Proposition 14, there are two rounds of voting, and the top two vote-getters for each race in the first round (the primary, normally held in June) advance to a second round (the general election, held in November). Proposition 14 specifically prohibits write-in candidates in the second round,", "id": "14535210" }, { "contents": "California Department of Insurance\n\n\n, assessments, and Proposition 103 recoupment fees. The CDI licenses over 1,500 insurance companies and more than 320,000 insurance agents and insurance brokers in the state of California, United States. The current California Insurance Commissioner is Ricardo Lara. In the early 1900s, the California State Legislature transformed the CDI into a law enforcement agency when it passed new anti-fraud insurance legislation. The legislation provided sworn peace officers to investigate and arrest those who commit fraud. On November 8, 1988, California voters passed Proposition 103, by a narrow", "id": "15607071" }, { "contents": "James David Cain\n\n\nwithout the need for a general election. On September 30, 2006, Cain was defeated in a special election for state insurance commissioner by his fellow Republican Jim Donelon of suburban Jefferson Parish, who had succeeded to the position in 2006 on the resignation of J. Robert Wooley, a Democrat from Baton Rouge elected in 2003 but who had been acting commissioner from 2000 to 2003. In that race, Cain charged that Donelon, also a former Democrat who remains insurance commissioner, was insufficiently committed to Republican and conservative principles. However,", "id": "13140584" }, { "contents": "Street Artists Program of San Francisco\n\n\nand safety regulations that would ease sidewalk congestion. In an effort to appease the merchant community, Proposition M called for reducing the number of artists around Union Square by 75%, implementing a system to insure that artists make what they sell, and limiting the number of artists in a given region by using a lottery system to equally share designated selling spaces. To the disappointment of the artists, Proposition M failed and Proposition L became law during the November election. To date, the ordinance defined by Proposition L is still the", "id": "5281641" }, { "contents": "2010 California Insurance Commissioner election\n\n\nThe 2010 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 2, 2010 to choose the Insurance Commissioner of California. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010. Incumbent Insurance Commissioner Steve Poizner, a Republican, ran for Governor of California and did not seek reelection. Democratic Assemblyman Dave Jones defeated Republican Michael Villines in the general election. The following were certified by the California Secretary of State as candidates in the primary election for Insurance Commissioner. Candidates who won their respective primaries and qualified for the general election are shown in", "id": "16645352" }, { "contents": "Wade O. Martin Jr.\n\n\n1) a separate commissioner of insurance (Martin was insurance commissioner AND secretary of state from 1944-1956.) would be established, with Rufus D. Hayes, taking the new position until 1964 (2) a separate position of \"custodian of voting machines,\" later called \"elections commissioner,\" would be established, and the secretary of state would no longer sit on the board that handled the purchase of voting machines, (3) the secretary of state would no longer handle voter registration, and (4)", "id": "7724973" }, { "contents": "State constitutional officer\n\n\n. Some states, such as Colorado and Michigan, elect the regents of state universities in statewide elections. Some states, such as Florida, elect an agriculture commissioner, who oversees the state department of agriculture. In addition to other offices, North Carolina elects a commissioner of labor, commissioner of insurance, and superintendent of public instruction. Texas elects a land commissioner, who oversees use of state-controlled land. Some states have positions that are not elected on a statewide basis, but rather by state districts. The Massachusetts", "id": "19138452" }, { "contents": "Alfred W. Redmer Jr.\n\n\nCommittee. In 2003, Redmer was appointed Maryland Insurance Commissioner by Governor Bob Ehrlich, resigning his seat in the House of Delegates. Redmer served in this position for two years before resigning to accept a position with Coventry Health Care, a health insurance company located in Delaware. Redmer was appointed to a second term as Maryland Insurance Commissioner by Gov. Larry Hogan (R) in January 2015. Redmer is a candidate for County Executive of Baltimore County in 2018. If elected, he would be the first Republican County Executive in the", "id": "8164257" }, { "contents": "Chinatown, Oakland\n\n\nprofiling. The insurance actuarial theory behind this market practice purports that drivers residing or \"principally garaging\" their cars in a certain area face a greater loss and accident ratio. This practice was outlawed by California voters in 1988 by Proposition 103 on the statewide ballot. The law made its way through the courts for 18 years before several insurance companies settled with California Insurance Commissioner John Garamendi in 2006 to put an end to the practice. Oakland is served by several AC Transit bus lines which run on 7th, 8th, 11th,", "id": "21968076" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner\n\n\nThe Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner is an elected executive officer of the state of Oklahoma. The Insurance Commissioner serves as the head of the Oklahoma Insurance Department. The Oklahoma Insurance Department is charged with executing all laws relating to insurance and insurance companies doing business in the State. The current Insurance Commissioner is Glen Mulready who was elected in November 2018 and took the oath of office on January 14, 2019. In order to serve as the Insurance Commissioner, a candidate must be at least twenty-five years old, a resident of the", "id": "3062541" }, { "contents": "Political party strength in Washington (state)\n\n\nWashington ratified its constitution and held its first state elections in 1889, the year it was admitted to the union as a state. It established the positions of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, State Treasurer, State Auditor, Commissioner of Public Lands, and Superintendent of Public Instruction. The position of Insurance Commissioner was legislatively established in 1907. All positions are elected to four-year terms, concurrent with presidential elections. Washington is one of three states that elects nine separate statewide officials, while six", "id": "312310" }, { "contents": "June 2010 California elections\n\n\n13 is a legislatively referred constitutional amendment prohibiting the reassessment of property values due to seismic retrofitting work. Proposition 14 is an initiative statute establishing nonpartisan blanket primaries. Proposition 15 is an initiative statute creating a public campaign finance system for Secretary of State elections. Proposition 16 is an initiative constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds majority to establish or expand public electricity providers. Proposition 17 is an initiative statute allowing auto insurance companies to charge based on continuity of insurance coverage. The seat of the 37th State Senate district was vacated by John", "id": "7444504" }, { "contents": "Insurance commissioner\n\n\nAn insurance commissioner (or commissioner of insurance) is a public official in the executive branch of a state or territory in the United States who, along with his or her office, regulate the insurance industry. The powers granted to the office of an insurance commissioner differ in each state. The office of an insurance commissioner is established either by the state constitution or by statute. While most insurance commissioners are appointed, in some jurisdictions they are elected. The office of the insurance commissioner may be part of a larger regulatory agency", "id": "15403245" }, { "contents": "Proposition 103\n\n\nliability, professional liability, special multi-peril, umbrella, and coverage under the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. According to the California Insurance Commissioner, Proposition 103 \"has saved consumers billions\" since being implemented, specifically a $4.29 billion per year dividend. It also claims \"Californians spent 0.3% less on auto insurance in 2010 than they spent in 1989, while the nation spent 43.3% more\". Investigatory and regulatory hearings are open to intervenors. Members of the public or organizations can observe or may", "id": "5139022" }, { "contents": "2018 California Insurance Commissioner election\n\n\nThe 2018 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the Insurance Commissioner of California. Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. The top two finishers — regardless of party — advance to the general election in November, even if a candidate manages to receive a majority of the votes cast in the primary election. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Dave Jones was", "id": "676322" }, { "contents": "Kim Holland\n\n\nKim Holland (born August 6, 1955) is an American politician and insurance professional from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Holland served as the Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner until January 2011. She was appointed to that position by Governor Brad Henry in 2005, following the indictment and resignation of her predecessor, Carroll Fisher. The second woman to serve as the state insurance commissioner, she was re-elected in 2006 to her own four-year term. In 2010, attempting to gain her second full term in office, Holland faced", "id": "21275365" }, { "contents": "2014 California Insurance Commissioner election\n\n\nThe 2014 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 4, 2014, to elect the Insurance Commissioner of California. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Dave Jones ran for re-election to a second term in office. A primary election was held on June 3, 2014. Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. The top two finishers — regardless of party — advance to the general", "id": "11692773" }, { "contents": "1996 California Proposition 218\n\n\nregistration advantage during the November 1996 statewide election. What made the Proposition 218 victory so unusual was that it was behind in nearly all the polls, especially final polls just before the election. Polling from the Proposition 218 opposition campaign revealed the measure was expected to lose by about 15 percentage points. Proposition 218 was also significantly behind in the final Field Poll with only 36% support from likely voters. Proposition 218 ended up winning by 13 percentage points. The large variation between the final polling numbers and the election results was a", "id": "21245172" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner\n\n\nState for at least five years prior to their election, and have had at least five years' experience in the insurance industry in administration, sales, servicing or regulation. The Insurance Commissioner is forbidden from being financially interested, directly or indirectly, in any insurer, agency or insurance transaction except as a policyholder or claimant under a policy. The Insurance Commissioner serves a four-year term that runs concurrent with that of the Governor. As the chief executive officer of the Oklahoma Insurance Department, the Insurance Commissioner is responsible for", "id": "3062542" }, { "contents": "North Dakota Insurance Commissioner\n\n\nThe North Dakota Insurance Commissioner regulates the insurance industry in North Dakota, United States, licenses insurance professionals in the state, educates consumers about different types of insurance, and handles consumer complaints. The current Insurance Commissioner is Jon Godfread who was elected in 2016. Since the creation of the office with the state's constitution in 1889, the state has seen a total of 22 Insurance Commissioners. The commissioners have served relatively short terms when compared with North Dakota's other state offices; the longest tenure was that of Sveinung A. Olsness", "id": "15564481" }, { "contents": "Steve Poizner\n\n\nvotes cast in 2004. In 2006, Poizner ran for the office of California Insurance Commissioner. He ran unopposed in the Republican primary on June 6, and won the general election on November 7 by defeating Democrat Cruz Bustamante, then Lieutenant Governor of California, by a 12.4% margin. In 2006, Poizner became a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations after being nominated by former Secretary of State George Shultz. In late 2007, Poizner led the effort to defeat Proposition 93, a term limit removal initiative. As", "id": "7166175" }, { "contents": "John Garamendi\n\n\nnominations for Governor of California in 1982 and for California State Controller in 1986. In 1990, he became the first elected California Insurance Commissioner, serving from 1991 to 1995. Previously, Insurance Commissioners had been appointed by the Governor. Rather than seek re-election, he ran for governor in the 1994 election, losing in the Democratic primary. He left public office and served as President Bill Clinton's Deputy Secretary of the Interior from 1995 to 1998, then worked for the Peace Corps again. He was elected insurance commissioner", "id": "310161" }, { "contents": "Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner\n\n\nThe Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner was created in 1889–90, and became a separate agency in 1907 with an elected commissioner. The current commissioner is Mike Kreidler, a Democrat first elected in 2000 and reelected four times. In 2014, a bill was introduced to replace the elected commissioner with a 10-person board which would hire the commissioner. It was passed in both houses but vetoed by Governor Jay Inslee. In 2015, the office denied applications by a number of association health plans, resulting in a legal dispute with those", "id": "16984893" }, { "contents": "Evelyn Gandy\n\n\nIn 1963, she was elected to a second term as treasurer without opposition. In 1972, she became the first woman elected as Insurance Commissioner, a position through which she worked to tighten regulations and scrutiny on the insurance industry. In 1975, Gandy was elected Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi, the first woman to hold that office in Mississippi, and one of the first women in the country to hold such a seat in state government. Gandy was defeated twice in her bids for the Office of Governor of Mississippi. She ran", "id": "1101548" }, { "contents": "Mike Chaney\n\n\nMike Chaney (born January 6, 1944 in Tupelo, Mississippi) is the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Mississippi. He is a 1966 graduate of Mississippi State University with a Bachelor of Science in Business and Finance. Chaney is a veteran of the United States Army, serving in Vietnam in 1968-69. Chaney, a Republican, was elected Mississippi Insurance Commissioner for a 4-year term in 2007 and re-elected in 2011 and in 2015. Prior to his election as Insurance Commissioner in 2007, Chaney served seven", "id": "17459805" }, { "contents": "Mike Kreidler\n\n\n, when he resigned in order to seek election to the office of Washington State Insurance Commissioner. Kreidler is Washington’s eighth insurance commissioner. A former member of Congress, he was first elected as insurance commissioner in 2000. He was re-elected to a fifth term in 2016. A doctor of optometry with a master's degree in public health, Kreidler practiced at Group Health Cooperative in Olympia for 20 years, with 16 of them shared with the Washington State Legislature. He served as a member of the Northwest Power Planning", "id": "3212451" }, { "contents": "Victor H. Schiro\n\n\na third term in the election of 1969-70, due to a clause in the city charter which had been adopted by voters in 1954 limiting mayors to two consecutive elected terms. He was succeeded by Moon Landrieu, the first person to win the mayor's office with significant black support. After his two terms as mayor, Schiro returned to selling insurance at his Victor Schiro Insurance Agency. After a campaign for the position of state insurance commissioner in 1975 when he polled 16 percent of the vote against the incumbent Democrat Sherman", "id": "21921464" }, { "contents": "Adam Hamm\n\n\nAdam Hamm (born July 24, 1971) is a former North Dakota Insurance Commissioner who served from 2007 to 2016. He was appointed to the position and he began his work on October 22, 2007. Hamm is a former prosecutor in the Cass County State's Attorney's office and is a native of Jamestown. He won re-election in 2008 against challenger Jasper Schneider. In late 2015, Hamm announced he would not seek a third term as Insurance Commissioner. Hamm is married to Michelle, and they have two", "id": "17158344" }, { "contents": "Karen Weldin Stewart\n\n\nKaren Weldin Stewart is an American politician. She served as the Delaware Insurance Commissioner from 2009 to 2017. Weldin Stewart unsuccessfully ran for state insurance commissioner in 2000 general election and again in the 2004 Democratic primary. In 2008, insurance commissioner Matthew Denn decided to run for Lieutenant Governor of Delaware rather than reelection to his office, and Weldin Stewart won the three-way primary election to replace him as the Democratic nominee. In the general election, Weldin Stewart was elected to office with 57 percent of the vote over Republican John", "id": "4845123" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Department of Insurance\n\n\nThe Oklahoma Insurance Department (OID) is a agency of the state of Oklahoma under the Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner, a statewide elected official. The Oklahoma Insurance Department is responsible for supervising and regulating all insurance business in Oklahoma. The current Insurance Commissioner is Glen Mulready. Glen Mulready was sworn in as Oklahoma’s 13th Insurance Commissioner on January 14, 2019. The Oklahoma Insurance Department is responsible for regulating and reviewing all insurance companies within Oklahoma to make sure they are solvent and comply with all insurance laws and regulations. The Department also", "id": "11794960" }, { "contents": "November 2012 California elections\n\n\nfrom donating to office holders involved in awarding the contract or committees controlled by said officers. Similar to the failed Proposition 17 on the June, 2010 ballot. This is an initiative statute that would allow auto insurance companies to charge based on continuity (length) of the buyer's insurance coverage. Proposition 34 is an initiative statute that would end the death penalty in California. The proposition was eventually defeated with 53% of the vote against it, despite the fact that supporters had spent 6 times more money in the campaign than", "id": "1054107" }, { "contents": "Virginia Mae Brown\n\n\n, Barron (who was then West Virginia Governor) appointed Brown as his legal advisor. Brown was named West Virginia's Insurance Commissioner in May 1961. This promotion made her the first female insurance commissioner in the United States. Barron made Brown a member of the West Virginia Public Service Commission in September 1962, being the only woman in the state to have this position. Brown was appointed a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission (\"ICC\") in March 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, the first female since its", "id": "15727666" }, { "contents": "Thomas J. Spellacy\n\n\nfor any elective office. However, he was a member of the Metropolitan District Commission and Park River Flood Commission and was appointed Insurance Commissioner of the State of Connecticut by Gov. Abraham Ribicoff in 1955. He served in that position until his death in New York City while attending a conference of state insurance commissioners on December 5, 1957. Illustrator James Montgomery Flagg, best known for creating Uncle Sam and his \"I Want You!\" World War I recruiting poster, drew a portrait of Spellacy that was used in his 1918", "id": "10543321" }, { "contents": "J. Robert Wooley\n\n\n2000 because of federal indictments against him. Cleared of those indictments, Brown still served a six-month sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution in Oakdale, Louisiana, on conviction of having lied to an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding an insurance company, a claim that he sought to refute in his book \"Justice Denied\". Wooley served as Brown's assistant insurance commissioner from 1999 to 2000 and then became the acting commissioner for three years. Wooley won the position himself in the general election held on November 15", "id": "14272528" }, { "contents": "Dudley A. Guglielmo\n\n\nDudley Anthony Guglielmo, Sr. (April 21, 1909 – July 30, 2005), was the Louisiana insurance commissioner from 1964 to 1972. Guglielmo went to work in 1930 for the administration of Governor Huey Pierce Long, Jr.. He held the position of administrator of personnel and finance until 1940, when Sam Houston Jones succeeded Earl Kemp Long as governor. Thereafter, he served in numerous state appointed posts. Guglielmo succeeded Rufus D. Hayes as insurance commissioner in 1964, after Hayes declined to seek re-election. Guglielmo", "id": "8305767" }, { "contents": "Florida Cabinet\n\n\nstate Governor in executive decisions. The original Cabinet positions were: In 1998, Florida voters voted to amend the Florida Constitution to shrink the Cabinet to its current three members. This amendment took effect in 2003, following the 2002 election. Under the reforms adopted, the Secretary of State and Education Commissioner became appointed officials under the Governor who would oversee their respective agencies, while the positions of the Comptroller and the Treasurer/Insurance Commissioner/Fire Marshal were combined into the new position of the Chief Financial Officer of Florida. The", "id": "1290646" }, { "contents": "2018 Georgia elections\n\n\nState Libertarian Convention in February 2018. Incumbent Republican Commissioner of Agriculture Gary Black is eligible to run for re-election to a third term in office. Fred Swann is the Democratic candidate for Commissioner of Agriculture. Incumbent Republican Commissioner of Insurance Ralph Hudgens is not running for re-election. Cindy Zeldin, executive director of Georgians for a Healthy Future, is running for the Democratic nomination. Donnie Foster won the Libertarian nomination for Insurance Commissioner at the Georgia Libertarian Convention in February 2018. Incumbent Republican Commissioner of Labor Mark Butler is", "id": "15028307" }, { "contents": "Colorado Division of Insurance\n\n\nThe Colorado Division of Insurance was established by the Colorado General Assembly in 1879. It became part of the Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) in 1968. The chief executive officer of the Division is the Commissioner of Insurance. The Commissioner is appointed by the governor, Prior to 1906, the commissioner was known as the Superintendent of Insurance and was under the State Auditor, and until 1984 was a state employee. In 1984 the position changed to become a gubernatorial appointee. The Colorado Division of Insurance regulates the insurance industry and", "id": "9477106" }, { "contents": "James E. Long\n\n\nas Chief Deputy Commissioner of the North Carolina Department of Insurance from 1975-76. Commissioner John R. Ingram fired Long as his deputy in 1976 and Long ran unsuccessfully against his former boss in 1980. Long became the state's insurance commissioner in January 1985 having been elected in November 1984. He won a sixth term in the 2004 statewide elections. In 2008 he chose not to run for a seventh term. Long endorsed Wayne Goodwin to succeed him as Commissioner of Insurance. Long was married to Peg O'Connell and had two children", "id": "8026321" }, { "contents": "Louisiana Insurance Commissioner\n\n\nThe Louisiana Insurance Commissioner is a statewide constitutional office that regulates the insurance industry in Louisiana. The Insurance Commissioner serves as the head of the Louisiana Department of Insurance, which consists of ten divisions; Consumer Advocacy, Financial Solvency, Health Insurance, Legal Services, Licensing & Compliance, Minority Affairs, Management & Finance, Public Affairs, Property & Casualty, and Receivership. Louisiana is one of 11 states that elect the chief insurance regulator. The first office holder was Rufus D. Hayes, who was appointed by the governor in 1957", "id": "21510263" }, { "contents": "Jim Beck (politician)\n\n\nDeputy Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioner for the State of Georgia. Later he served as the Chief of Staff for Insurance Commissioner Ralph Hudgens. In August of 2017 Beck announced his candidacy for the office of Insurance Commissioner in Georgia in 2018. On May 14, 2019, a federal grand jury indictedGeorgia Insurance Commissioner Jim C. Beck for fraud, having embezzled more than $2 million from the Georgia Underwriting Association from February 2013 - August 2018.  Beck was elected Commissioner in 2018, after previously serving as general manager of operations for the", "id": "16704507" }, { "contents": "Tracy Potter\n\n\n, I would be insurance commissioner.\" Potter had previously worked for the insurance department from 1978 to 1980 and ran unsuccessfully for the position in 1984. He was elected to the State Senate in 2006, narrowly defeating Republican State Representative Margaret Sitte. He did not run for re-election in 2010, instead running for the U.S. Senate, losing to Republican Governor John Hoeven. Potter ran as an independent for the no-party North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction, to fill the vacancy left by Wayne Sanstead, who retired", "id": "12824210" }, { "contents": "2012 Delaware elections\n\n\nthe nominee of the Libertarian Party. Democratic incumbent Karen Weldin Stewart, who has held the position of Insurance Commissioner of Delaware since 2009, is running for re-election. Mitch Crane, a lawyer, former judge, and former acting director of the Consumer Services and Investigations under Stewart; Paul Gallagher, an insurance agent; and Dennis Spivack, a former Deputy state Attorney General and Democratic nominee for the At-large congressional seat in 2006, are challenging Stewart in the Democratic primary. Crane has received the endorsement of the", "id": "21513717" }, { "contents": "James R. Young (North Carolina politician)\n\n\nYoung the first state insurance commissioner, upon which he sold his insurance agency. He was later appointed by Gov. Charles B. Aycock to continue in the post. When the North Carolina Constitution was amended to make the office popularly elected, Young was elected in the general election of 1908 and subsequently re-elected until retiring after the 1920 election. While serving as insurance commissioner, Young served as an elder at First Presbyterian Church (Raleigh, North Carolina). Young died in 1937 and is interred at the Elmwood Cemetery in Henderson", "id": "17561971" }, { "contents": "2008 California Proposition 8\n\n\nthe last two weeks leading up to the election, which amounted to $37,000 in non-monetary contributions. They were fined $5,538. Both proponents and opponents of Proposition 8 made significant use of online tactics for campaigning. For example, over 800 videos were posted on YouTube, most consisting of original content and most taking a position against the Proposition. A greater proportion of 'Yes on 8' videos were scripted and professionally produced. Many 'No on 8' videos recorded demonstrations in the aftermath of the election.", "id": "11473558" }, { "contents": "Claude B. Duval\n\n\nfor insurance commissioner and Raymond Laborde of Marksville for custodian of voting machines, a position later renamed elections commissioner. In 1968, when Duval entered the state Senate, Lieutenant Governor Aycock, presiding officer of the Senate, began his third term in the second-highest state office. Duval was state senator-elect at the time of the King assassination in Memphis Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. He issued a statement critical of the direction of the civil rights movement: The American flag flew at half-mast to [", "id": "17248840" }, { "contents": "Thomas Leonardi\n\n\ndetails of the roll-out of the Affordable Care Act; the commissioners also voiced complaints to Obama about the Federal Insurance Office and the Financial Stability Board. He was the only U.S. regulator to be invited to testify at the February 2014 Congressional hearing on the Federal Insurance Office's Insurance Modernization report. During his term as insurance commissioner of Connecticut, Leonardi held multiple leadership positions at the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), including being a member of its Executive Committee, Chair of its International Insurance Relations Committee, Chair", "id": "16025262" }, { "contents": "Chuck Quackenbush\n\n\nRepublican to the California Assembly in 1986. In 1994 he was elected insurance commissioner, effectively applying considerable campaign contributions from various insurance companies. He won re-election in 1998. At this point, Quackenbush was considered the most promising Republican elected official in the state of California. In early 2000, Cindy Ossias, then a senior lawyer for the California Department of Insurance (CDI), charged the Department with corruption. According to testimony by CDI employees, including Ossias and staff attorney Robert Hagedorn, Commissioner Quackenbush and his top", "id": "4393517" }, { "contents": "Constitution of Florida\n\n\nthe Florida Cabinet from six elected officials to three. The change became effective January 7, 2003, and the Florida Cabinet now consists of the attorney general, the chief financial officer and the commissioner of agriculture. The secretary of state and commissioner of education became appointed positions and their respective agencies became the responsibility of the governor. The revised constitution also created a new State Board of Education with seven members appointed by the governor to oversee the Department of Education. The Cabinet offices of Florida state treasurer/insurance commissioner/fire marshal", "id": "8786358" }, { "contents": "Edward F. McLaughlin\n\n\nrun for reelection in 1921, but remained involved in politics as chairman of the Democratic City Committee and as a state committeeman. In 1930, McLaughlin was appointed fire commissioner by Mayor James Michael Curley. In October 1933, McLaughlin resigned in order to support Frederick Mansfield for Mayor. Mansfield won the election and McLaughlin returned to the position of fire commissioner in January 1934. McLaughlin resigned in January 1938 and became involved in the insurance and road construction industries. In 1941, he returned to city government as street commissioner under Mayor Maurice", "id": "9948022" }, { "contents": "Emerson Harrington\n\n\nto the bar in 1898 and commenced practice soon thereafter. In 1899, he was elected as the State's Attorney for Dorchester County, and served in that position until his election defeat in 1903. As state's attorney, Harrington gained a reputation as a hard-liner, and was an aggressive prosecutor. This, along with party conflict, contributed to his defeat. Harrington resumed the practice of law in Cambridge, Maryland in 1903. In 1910, he was appointed as Insurance Commissioner, a position he served in until", "id": "8429799" }, { "contents": "National Association of Insurance Commissioners\n\n\nbased insurance regulation in the U.S. The NAIC is an Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The 2018 NAIC President is Julie Mix McPeak, insurance commissioner from the Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance. Officers of the NAIC include a President, President-Elect, Vice President and Secretary-Treasurer, who are elected annually by the membership by secret ballot. To help organize the NAIC’s efforts, the United States has been divided into four geographic zones: Northeastern, Southeastern, Midwestern and Western; each zone", "id": "9843820" }, { "contents": "2014 Georgia elections\n\n\n, ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Incumbent Republican Commissioner of Insurance and Safety Fire Ralph Hudgens is running for re-election to a second term in office. He was unopposed in the Republican primary. Insurance associate and former State Representative Keith Heard and retired insurance professional Liz Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination. Ted Metz has qualified as the Libertarian nominee. Incumbent Republican Commissioner of Labor Mark Butler is running for re-election to a second term in office. He was unopposed in the Republican primary. Attorney and former State", "id": "10811440" }, { "contents": "Horace J. Bryant\n\n\nin the state Department of Banking and Insurance, becoming deputy commissioner in 1965. In 1969, he was appointed commissioner by Governor Richard J. Hughes, becoming the first African American to hold a cabinet-level position in New Jersey. He retired from state office in 1970 at the end of the Hughes administration and returned to Atlantic City. In 1972, he was elected to the Atlantic City Commission, and he served as City Commissioner of Revenue and Finance until 1980. He also founded the Atlantic City Municipal Utilities Authority. Bryant", "id": "15190880" }, { "contents": "2010 Georgia statewide elections\n\n\nJoe Martin and John D. Barge won the Democratic and Republican nominations, respectively. Incumbent Commissioner of Insurance John Oxendine (R) is retiring from his position to run for Governor of Georgia. Ralph Hudgens defeated Maria Sheffield in a runoff for the Republican nomination, while Mary Squires was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Incumbent Commissioner of Agriculture Tommy Irvin (D) is retiring in 2010. Gary Black won the Republican nomination, while J. B. Powell was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Incumbent Commissioner of Labor Mike Thurmond (D)", "id": "9327963" }, { "contents": "Florida Comptroller\n\n\nThe Florida Comptroller was the state comptroller of Florida from 1845 to 2003 (when the position was merged with the position of Florida State Treasurer/Insurance Commissioner/Fire Marshal to create the post of Chief Financial Officer of Florida following amendments to the State Constitution). The Comptroller was a member of the Florida Cabinet and was elected by the Florida Legislature until 1865, when it became an elected office. The Comptroller was Florida's chief fiscal officer. The post was created in the 1838 Constitution and the first Comptroller took office in", "id": "6439545" }, { "contents": "Monica Lindeen\n\n\nhome. On November 4, 2011, Lindeen was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. In 2013, Lindeen received the Excellence in Consumer Advocacy Award, presented by the NAIC’s Consumer Representatives. She received the honor in recognition for her work as a strong voice for consumer protection and her dedication in maintaining states’ rights in insurance regulation. She was elected to serve as the president of the NAIC throughout 2015.. After serving eight years as the State Commissioner of Securities and Insurance she entered the campaign", "id": "10037412" }, { "contents": "November 2004 San Francisco general election\n\n\nthe number of aides, and commissioners' length of service after terms have expired. Proposition E would have the City pay to the survivors of a police officer or firefighter who dies in the line of duty 100% of the retirement benefits entitled to the officer or firefighter. Proposition F would allow adult noncitizen parents, guardians, and caregivers with children in the San Francisco Unified School District to vote in San Francisco Board of Education elections. Proposition G would allow the City to authorize the Health Services Board to establish health plans for", "id": "17832569" }, { "contents": "Providence Village, Texas\n\n\nenough petition signatures had been gathered for a proposition to incorporate Providence Village to be put to a vote. The Denton County Commissioners Court approved the item on March 2, 2010, which called for an incorporation election to be held on May 8, 2010. The Providence Village Clubhouse served as the official polling place on election day. The ballot proposition asked voters whether they were in favor of or opposed to the incorporation of the Town of Providence Village as a Type A municipality. Of the 421 votes cast in the election,", "id": "10073477" }, { "contents": "Wayne Goodwin\n\n\nCommissioner of Insurance and Assistant State Fire Marshal for the State of North Carolina from 2005 through 2008. In 2008, Goodwin filed to run for Commissioner of Insurance after the surprise retirement of longtime Commissioner Jim Long. Goodwin defeated David Smith in the Democratic primary 56%–43% and went on to beat Republican John Odom and Libertarian Mark McMains with 51.57% of the vote. Goodwin won re-election in the 2012 general contest by almost four percentage points. He was a candidate for re-election in 2016. After very narrowly losing", "id": "7455864" }, { "contents": "California Republican Party\n\n\nU.S. House of Representatives, 7 are held by Republicans: California has not elected any GOP candidates to statewide office since 2006, when Arnold Schwarzenegger was re-elected as governor and Steve Poizner was elected insurance commissioner. In 2010, term limits prevented Schwarzenegger from seeking a third term while Poizner chose not to seek re-election as insurance commissioner, instead making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for governor. Republicans hold 1 of the 5 seats on the State Board of Equalization: Republicans are in the minority, holding 11", "id": "902642" }, { "contents": "Chief Financial Officer of Florida\n\n\nthe offices which handles banking and insurance regulation. The CFO is a member of the Cabinet. Tom Gallagher was the first state CFO and a former treasurer/insurance commissioner/fire marshal. Gallagher retired from the position in 2006 and Alex Sink (D), a Florida business executive and the wife of former Florida gubernatorial candidate Bill McBride, was elected on November 7, 2006. Alex Sink launched an unsuccessful campaign for governor in 2010, and was succeeded by Jeff Atwater. Atwater resigned and then-governor Rick Scott appointed", "id": "1290790" }, { "contents": "J. Robert Wooley\n\n\n. While Brown served eight years as secretary of state, Wooley ran a consulting firm in Baton Rouge and was an assistant secretary of state. In the latter role in 1986, he worked for legislative passage of the Software License Enforcement Act. Critics, however, said that the measure offered little consumer protection for computer users in Louisiana. In 1991, Brown was handily elected insurance commissioner after the scandals of the preceding administration of Commissioner Douglas D. \"Doug Green. After nine years in the position, Brown was suspended in October", "id": "14272527" }, { "contents": "Shirley D. Bowler\n\n\nto have read all the bills or at least most of them, and every bill she voted on. Such claims are generally folklore, but it thought that she read more bills than any other legislator during her tenure. Upon departing the legislature she was appointed to the position of Deputy Commissioner of Management and Finance for the Louisiana Department of Insurance as an appointee of the elected Commissioner, James \"Jim\" Donelon. Shirley Duvigneaud married Michael J. Bowler (born April 2, 1948); the couple have three children, and", "id": "7498107" }, { "contents": "2006 California Insurance Commissioner election\n\n\nThe 2006 California Insurance Commissioner election occurred on November 7, 2006. The primary elections took place on June 6, 2006. Businessman Steve Poizner, the Republican nominee, defeated Lieutenant Governor Cruz Bustamante, the Democratic nominee, for the office previously held by Democrat John Garamendi, who was term-limited and ran for lieutenant governor. Poizner holds the distinction of being the only Republican other than Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to win a statewide election in California since 2000. A bar graph of statewide results in this contest are available at http://primary2006.ss.ca.gov", "id": "5063750" }, { "contents": "Silas Reynolds Barton\n\n\nStates. Barton became Nebraska's state auditor in 1909 and served until his election to the United States Congress in 1913. During his two terms as auditor he was an insurance commissioner and a member of the National Executive Committee of Insurance Commissioners. Elected in 1913 to the 63rd Congress, Barton was in office from March 4, 1913, until March 3, 1915. He ran for the 65th Congress, but died before the election. Barton died in Grand Island, Nebraska, on November 7, 1916, at the age", "id": "18268922" }, { "contents": "Michael Villines\n\n\nrun for governor. Villines received the 2010 Republican nomination for Insurance Commissioner over BrianFitzGerald, but lost the general election to the Democratic nominee, fellow Assemblyman Dave Jones. Villines received the endorsement of San Francisco Chronicle for the post of Insurance Commissioner and had the follow to say \"Villines has shown he can balance competing interests and is willing to take the heat for doing the right thing...The fortitude to do the right thing against immense pressure is a pretty good credential for insurance commissioner, the state officeholder charged with regulating and approving", "id": "19463235" }, { "contents": "Andy Dinniman\n\n\n1979. In 1979, Dinniman was elected chairman of the Chester County Democratic Committee, a position he held until 1985. Dinniman later served as Chester County commissioner for three terms, beginning in 1991. During his three terms as commissioner, Dinniman was the body's only Democrat. After the death of Republican Senator Robert \"Bob\" Thompson in 2006, Dinniman sought and attained his party's nomination to run in the ensuing special election. The special election pit Dinniman against his fellow county commissioner, Republican Carol Aichele. In what", "id": "9450060" }, { "contents": "2002 United States elections\n\n\nThus the balance of power (excluding non-state entities) would be changed from 27-21 Republican majority to 26-24 Republican Majority. In some states where the positions were elective offices, voters elected candidates for state executive branch offices (Lieutenant Governors (though some were elected on the same ticket as the gubernatorial nominee), Secretary of state, state Treasurer, state Auditor, state Attorney General, state Superintendent of Education, Commissioners of Insurance, Agriculture or, Labor, etc.) and state judicial branch offices", "id": "13044388" }, { "contents": "Thomas Vincent Welch\n\n\nThe Saratoga Journal reported he \"spoke with force, made a favorable impression and commanded the attention of the house.\" Welch moved for instant rejection of a proposition from Tammany Hall members and throughout 1882 would push back against the Tammany members in Assembly. On March 2, 1882 Welch introduced his first bill, a brief bill that would create an independent board of Water Commissioners, elected at a separate election in June of each year, as well as a clause that prohibited the increase of bonded indebtedness of the village of Suspension", "id": "21728885" }, { "contents": "Solomon P. Ortiz\n\n\n, Ortiz was reassigned to the 61st Military Police Company Criminal Investigation Office and received advanced military police training at Fort Gordon, Georgia. After returning to South Texas, Ortiz worked for three years as an insurance agent. In 1964, he was urged by friends to run for Nueces County Constable and was elected in 1965, defeating the incumbent in a runoff election. He was elected to the County Commissioners Court of Nueces County in 1969; the first Hispanic to serve in that capacity. He remained in that position until 1976,", "id": "7720822" }, { "contents": "Henry Scagnoli\n\n\nmanaged Collins' campaign in the 1959 Boston mayoral election, which saw Collins defeat Senate President John E. Powers in what was seen as one of the city's biggest political upsets. On December 20, 1959, Mayor-elected Collins named Scagnoli to the position of fire commissioner. He was sworn in on January 4, 1960. At the age of 37, Scagnoli was the youngest person appointed to the position. As commissioner, Scagnoli led a \"space heater research program\", which cut space heater deaths from 15 in", "id": "21296008" }, { "contents": "Truthmaker theory\n\n\nhas proposed a more moderate version of the truthmaker theory on which truthmakers are only required for positive propositions (e.g., there must be a truthmaker for the proposition that there are horses, but not for the equally true proposition that there are no unicorns). What makes a negative proposition \"p\" true is the \"lack\" of a falsemaker for it, i.e., the lack of a truthmaker for the negation of \"p\". Thus what makes it true that there are no unicorns is the lack of a truthmaker", "id": "7944337" }, { "contents": "James R. Young (North Carolina politician)\n\n\nJames Richard Young (17 February 1853 – 25 April 1937) was the first North Carolina Commissioner of Insurance. Born in 1853 in what was then Granville County, North Carolina, Young was educated at Hampden-Sydney College and established an insurance agency in Henderson. He also became the first clerk of court for the new county of Vance and served from 1881-1890. Before 1880 he married Annie Eliza Southerland (1857–1894), with whom he had at least four children. In 1899, the North Carolina General Assembly elected", "id": "17561970" }, { "contents": "Thomas B. Considine\n\n\nmagna cum laude\" from the W. Paul Stillman School of Business Administration at Seton Hall University. Additionally, he recently served on the Seton Hall University Alumni Board of Directors. He received the Seton Hall University W. Paul Still School of Business Alumni Service Award in 2012. Governor Chris Christie nominated Considine to serve as Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (DOBI) on January 15, 2010. Considine fought insurance fraud. While commissioner, Considine held leadership positions with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC)", "id": "17490599" }, { "contents": "Tom Capella\n\n\nto become the assistant state insurance commissioner under J. Robert Wooley, a Democrat. When Wooley later resigned as commissioner, Donelon moved up to the top spot on an interim basis and was elected in 2006 to the position, which he still holds. Capella polled 1,861 votes (50.6 percent) to runner-up fellow Republican Dianna Dyer's 1,489 (40.5 percent). Two other candidates held the remaining 9 percent of the ballots cast. Capella's abbreviated term in the House corresponded with the second administration of Republican Governor Murphy J.", "id": "22089123" }, { "contents": "Evans County, Georgia\n\n\ngovernment is a constitutional body and is granted powers by the Constitution of Georgia. Evans County has a board of commissioners, sheriff, tax commissioner and clerk of court. The original top positions were held by: Individuals currently holding Constitutional Offices are: Board of Commissioners: The board of commissioners in Evans County is made up of six members elected by the people and led by a chairman elected by the board. The board of commissioners acts as both the legislative and executive branches of government for the county and is charged with financing", "id": "11558643" }, { "contents": "Consumer Watchdog\n\n\nof America estimated that Proposition 103 had saved consumers over $62 billion since 1988. During 2010, Consumer Watchdog opposed Proposition 17, a ballot measure sponsored by Mercury Insurance Group to repeal a provision of Proposition 103 which prohibits insurance companies from considering a driver's history of prior insurance coverage when determining the price or availability of automobile insurance. Mercury spent $16 million in its effort, funding a group called Californians for Fair Automobile Insurance Rates. Consumer Watchdog argued that the measure would have allowed Mercury and other companies to impose surcharges", "id": "13660225" }, { "contents": "Sherman A. Bernard\n\n\n(49.7 percent). In 1983, Bernard was forced for his final term as insurance commissioner into a general election, popularly called the runoff in Louisiana, with the Republican candidate, Dave Brennan, an insurance executive. In the primary, Bernard led with 652,060 votes (46.7 percent); Brennan trailed with 362,147 (26 percent). Bernard won his fourth and final term as commissioner in the general election, having polled 553,230 votes (54.9 percent) to Brennan's 453,793 (46.1 percent). Turnout dipped sharply in", "id": "14272463" }, { "contents": "Andrew Ryan McGill\n\n\nelected governor of Minnesota and McGill was selected as his private secretary. In 1873, McGill was appointed insurance commissioner of the state, a position he held for thirteen years. In 1886, the Republican state convention nominated McGill as their candidate for governor of Minnesota. He won the nomination and the election, serving a single, two-year term as governor (1887–1889). During his term he recommended a revision of the railroad laws pertaining to transportation, storage, and grading of wheat, the watering of railroad stocks,", "id": "14290885" }, { "contents": "1933 Lyttelton by-election\n\n\nof United, accepted the recommendation on behalf of the coalition and endorsed Freeman's selection. Freeman was born in Christchurch in 1881 and educated locally. After a term of legal work, he trained as a surveyor and later became a civil engineer. He was a commissioner of the Waimakariri River Trust and an elected member of the Heathcote County Council. He had held leading positions with the Canterbury Automobile Association, the South Island Motor Union, and had been a director for an insurance company. At the time of the by-", "id": "4155327" }, { "contents": "Russell Gurney\n\n\nwas made a Queen's Counsel and in 1856 was elected Recorder of London. He occasionally acted as Judge of Assize, and went the Western, Oxford, Northern, and North Wales circuits. He was a Commissioner of the Jamaica Rebellion inquiry and was sworn a member of the Privy Council in 1866, in recognition of his services. He was one of the Boundary Commissioners appointed by the Representation of the People Act 1867. He was chairman of the Law Reversionary Interest Society, deputy chairman of the Law Fire Insurance Co.,", "id": "5722651" }, { "contents": "Bill Spivey\n\n\ninvolved sales; these included the selling of building materials and insurance. He also helped to develop real estate and owned restaurants, including a Lexington-based eatery, Bill Spivey's Restaurant and Lounge. For a time he was the state's deputy insurance commissioner. Spivey ran in the primary election for Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1983 as a Democrat, but came in last in the seven-person race. Spivey made his final public appearance in 1991, at a reunion of the 1951 Kentucky Wildcats team in Lexington. Writer", "id": "2126495" }, { "contents": "Anderson County Commissioners v. Beal\n\n\nelection 33 days before it was to be held, and had canvassed the returns and certified that there was a majority of voters in favor of the proposition, and had made such vote the basis of their action in subscribing for the stock and issuing the bonds to the company, and the court directed the jury to find a verdict for the plaintiff. After the plaintiff had offered in evidence the coupons sued upon, and one of the bonds (the bond having on it a certificate of the auditor of the state, dated", "id": "1789621" }, { "contents": "Oscar E. Erickson\n\n\nto the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1922, and served for 10 years until 1932. At that time, he was elected to the North Dakota Senate, where he served until 1936 when he was elected as Insurance Commissioner of North Dakota. He also served as a fieldman in the Real Estate department of the Bank of North Dakota from 1932 to 1935. He served as Insurance Commissioner from 1937 until his death on August 15, 1945. Near to the end of the legislative session in 1945, Erickson was impeached by", "id": "6740895" }, { "contents": "California Victory 2006\n\n\nof each Victory office was to have all 40 phone lines filled with volunteers making phone calls & reaching out to potential voters. Each of the 48 offices had varying levels of success with volunteer recruitment. Governor Schwarzenegger's soaring poll numbers led to a decrease in the urgency to volunteer. The Victory '06 program has come under fire after Election Day, as Conservative Republicans were displeased by the fact that only one other Republican besides Schwarzenegger was elected. Steve Poizner was easily elected to the position of Insurance Commissioner. A list of", "id": "16448611" }, { "contents": "Empowering Patients First Act\n\n\n. Insurers are required to disclose to individuals in secondary states information regarding the insurer's primary and secondary states and are required to submit to primary and secondary state Insurance Commissioners a copy of the plan, including quarterly financial reports certified by an independent public accountant, and an opinion on loss and loss adjustment expense reserves made by a member of the AAA or a qualified loss reserve specialist. Insurers cannot provide individual health insurance in secondary states if the Insurance Commissioner of those states do not use a risk-based capital formula for", "id": "14266052" }, { "contents": "Arthur E. Hess\n\n\nwas named as the director of the Bureau of Health Insurance in 1965, placing him as the first executive in charge of the Medicare program. At the time, the program provided health insurance to 19 million Americans. Called “Mr. Medicare,” he was praised for bringing together private insurers, hospitals and government agencies to make the program successful, according to news reports at the time. In 1967, he was promoted to the position of deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration and served as acting commissioner for several months in", "id": "9930216" }, { "contents": "Right of foreigners to vote in the United States\n\n\n, the proposition is only effective for the school board elections of 2018, 2020, and 2022. Voters rejected similar proposals in 2004 and 2010. Critics, such as Florida's Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam, have used this proposition to generalize that noncitizens can vote in San Francisco. Former Congressmember Doug Ose has submitted a proposed ballot measure to state officials that would ban voting by those in the U.S. illegally. San Francisco's effort to get noncitizen parents to the ballot box in mid-term elections in 2018 resulted in only 49", "id": "17735999" }, { "contents": "2006 Georgia state elections\n\n\nseek the governorship of Georgia. All other state Executive Officers, Attorney General of Georgia Thurbert Baker (D), state Superintendent of Schools Kathy Cox (R), Commissioner of Insurance John Oxendine (R), Commissioner of Agriculture Tommy Irvin (D), and Commissioner of Labor Mike Thurmond (D), were re-elected. In 2006, four seats on the Supreme Court of Georgia and four on the Georgia Court of Appeals were up for election. All judicial elections in Georgia are officially non-partisan.", "id": "1041101" }, { "contents": "2014 Oklahoma state elections\n\n\nthe race. Incumbent Republican Insurance Commissioner John D. Doak is running for re-election to a second term in office. He was challenged in the Republican primary by Bill Viner. No other candidate filed to run. Incumbent Republican Labor Commissioner Mark Costello is running for re-election to a second term in office. Mike Workman is running for the Democrats. One of the three seats on the Oklahoma Corporation Commission are up for election. Incumbent Republican Commissioner Patrice Douglas, the Chairman of the Commission, is not running for re", "id": "17704982" }, { "contents": "Elections in North Dakota\n\n\n. Most of the other statewide executive offices are elected in a statewide popular vote to a term of four years. On presidential election years, voters select a State Auditor, State Treasurer, and Insurance Commissioner, all on a partisan ballot. They also select a Superintendent of Public Instruction on a nonpartisan ballot. On mid-term election years, voters select an Attorney General, Secretary of State, Commissioner of Agriculture, and Tax Commissioner. In addition, every two years, voters select someone to fill a six-year", "id": "5014106" }, { "contents": "Ricardo Lara\n\n\nRicardo Lara (born November 5, 1974) is an American politician who is currently serving as the 8th Insurance Commissioner of California. Lara was elected during the 2018 election, defeating former California insurance commissioner Steve Poizner. Lara previously served in the California State Senate from 2012 to 2019 as a Democrat, representing the 33rd Senate District. Prior to that, he served in the California State Assembly, representing the 50th Assembly District. Born in Commerce, California, Lara is the son of a formerly undocumented factory worker and seamstress from", "id": "11196323" } ]

[ { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (film)\n\n\nValley of the Dolls is a 1967 American drama film directed by Mark Robson, produced by Robson and David Weisbart, and starring Barbara Parkins, Patty Duke, Sharon Tate and Susan Hayward. It was based on Jacqueline Susann's 1966 novel of the same name. Three young women meet when they embark on their careers. Neely O'Hara (Duke) is a plucky kid with undeniable talent who sings in a Broadway show, of which legendary actress Helen Lawson (Hayward) is the arrogant star, while Jennifer North (Tate)", "id": "6783606" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls\n\n\n\"dolls\" again. Susann had apparently been thinking about the novel for some time. Some years earlier, she had begun \"Underneath the Pancake\", a show business novel, with her actress friend Beatrice Cole (c. 1910–1999). Later, she considered writing a novel about drug usage in show business to be called \"The Pink Dolls\". \"Valley of the Dolls\" is considered to be a \"roman à clef\", with its characters based on famous figures such as Judy Garland, Carole Landis,", "id": "17122359" }, { "contents": "(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls\n\n\n\"(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls\" is a 1967 song by André and Dory Previn, composed for the film version of the Jacqueline Susann novel \"Valley of the Dolls\", and recorded by Dionne Warwick. Actress Barbara Parkins, who starred in the motion picture, suggested that Warwick be considered to sing the film's theme song. The song was to be given to Judy Garland, who had been fired from the film. Warwick performed the song, and when the film became a success in the early", "id": "12923198" }, { "contents": "Reborn doll\n\n\n\", Berenguer Babies, Zapf, Lee Middleton, Ashton-Drake Galleries, Apple Valley, and Secrist Dolls are doll companies that make dolls which are easy to transform into reborns. Kathryn Peck of \"Doll Reader Magazine\" explains that with JC Toys Berenguer Babies, it is because the dolls already resemble human babies in their expressions, body shapes, surface materials, and other lifelike attributes. Ashton Drake uses a trademark vinyl for their outer skin. Almost all the Ashton-Drake dolls are created using a theme based marketing", "id": "17227261" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nthe world.\" He described the film as \"a soap opera for young people, a cornocopia of wild, way-out now entertainment.\" Roger Ebert revealed that many of the film's themes and characters were based upon real people and events, but because neither Ebert nor Russ Meyer actually met these people, their characterizations were based on pure speculation. The cast was composed almost entirely of unknowns. \"\"Valley of the Dolls\" plus my own name will be enough,\" said Meyer. Meyer said even", "id": "2352905" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nBeyond the Valley of the Dolls is a 1970 American satirical musical melodrama film starring Dolly Read, Cynthia Myers, Marcia McBroom, Phyllis Davis, John LaZar, Michael Blodgett, and David Gurian. The film was directed by Russ Meyer and co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert. Originally intended as a sequel to the 1967 film \"Valley of the Dolls\"—\"dolls\" being a slang term for depressant pills or \"downers\"—\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" was instead revised as a parody of the commercially successful but critically reviled original.", "id": "2352889" }, { "contents": "Dot and Tot of Merryland\n\n\nface that brings them to the magical country of Merryland. Merryland is made of seven valleys, arranged in a circular pattern connected by a river running through them. The first valley is populated by clowns, the second is a land in which everything—including the people—is entirely made of candy, and the third the valley where babies grow from blossoms before storks deliver them to their parents. The fourth valley is populated by living dolls and is also the home of the Queen of Merryland, a large wax doll who", "id": "5811095" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (film)\n\n\nfilm had previously been released by Arrow Films in the United Kingdom in the same year, this was the first Blu-ray release for \"Valley of the Dolls\". Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes has a 33% rating based on 36 reviews. The films grossed $50 million worldwide against a $5 million budget. According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $9,700,000 in rentals to break even and made $22,925,000, meaning it made a profit. The soundtrack was released in 1967. Dionne Warwick sang", "id": "6783620" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nValley of the Dolls\" was originally intended as a straightforward sequel to the 1967 film \"Valley of the Dolls\". Jacqueline Susann, author of the novel \"Valley of the Dolls\", had come up with the title while she was writing her second novel \"The Love Machine\". She wrote a treatment and in June 1968 it was reported Fox wanted Dorothy Kingsley to write a screenplay but she was busy on \"Bracken's World\". In November, it was reported that Barbara Parkins would return in the film", "id": "2352897" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nthan the original \"Valley of the Dolls\" book and movie, but thought that by \"quite consciously attempting to parody his earlier movies\" Meyer had \"become patronizing.\" \"Variety\" wrote that it was \"not much of a film. Producer-director Russ Meyer, who once made low-budget sex pix which had a crude and innocuous charm but not much of a story, this time around spent between 20 and 30 times the money he used to have, and got less for it.\" Charles", "id": "2352918" }, { "contents": "Dionne Warwick in Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nDionne Warwick in Valley of the Dolls is the title of Dionne Warwick's tenth album for the Scepter label. It was recorded during the summer and fall of 1967 and was released early the next year. It was recorded at A&R and Bell Sound Studios in New York City and was produced by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. The album's lead single was the title track, \"(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls\", from the film of the same name. The song was written by André Previn and Dory", "id": "17162013" }, { "contents": "Jacqueline Susann\n\n\nfor its time. Susann herself hated the film; after its November premiere aboard the passenger liner, \"Princess Italia\", she confronted the film's director, Mark Robson, and stated, \"This picture is a piece of shit.\" In 2001, author Rae Lawrence published a continuation of \"Valley of the Dolls\", titled \"Jacqueline Susann's Shadow of the Dolls\" (Crown), which was reputedly based on notes left by Susann for an intended sequel. In its review, \"Publishers Weekly\"", "id": "7574111" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nshit.\" The novel was adapted for television in 1981 as \"Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls\", a mini-series executive-produced by Susann's widower Irving Mansfield and directed by Walter Grauman. This version stars Catherine Hicks, Lisa Hartman, and Veronica Hamel. In 1994 a late-night, syndicated television soap opera, \"Valley of the Dolls\", ran for one season and 65 episodes. The premise was a loose adaptation of the novel. BBC Radio 4 broadcast a 15-episode dramatisation scripted by", "id": "17122365" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (album)\n\n\nValley of the Dolls is the second studio long-player by the British post-punk band Generation X, which was produced by Ian Hunter. \"Valley of the Dolls\" was recorded at Wessex Sound Studios in Islington in October 1978. The record's working title was 'Intercourse (Old Meets New)', which was superseded by a name taken from a 1966 novel. Ian Hunter was commissioned as the record's producer at Tony James's request, from having been a fan of his work with Mott the Hoople", "id": "2580687" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (film)\n\n\nMansfield's book \"Life With Jackie.\" Susann created the title for a Jean Holloway-scripted sequel that was rejected by the studio, which allowed Russ Meyer to film a radically different movie with the same title. The suit went to court after Susann's death in 1974; the estate won damages of $2 million against Fox. The Criterion Collection released \"Valley of the Dolls\" along with its parody \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" in September 2016 on DVD and Blu-ray. While the latter", "id": "6783619" }, { "contents": "Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nJacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls is an American television drama miniseries that aired on CBS in October 1981. The first two hours were broadcast on October 19, followed by three hours on October 20 during prime time. The teleplay is adapted from the 1966 novel \"Valley of the Dolls\" by Jacqueline Susann. The miniseries was directed by Walter Grauman, with Susann's husband Irving Mansfield as executive producer. \"The Washington Post\"s Tom Shales reviewed the miniseries and called it a \"leaden and laborious remake\" and found the", "id": "14631409" }, { "contents": "Miss Lupita project\n\n\n. The Miss Lupita project was initiated in Mexico City in 2010, with the aim being the revitalization of the craft of making dolls. The name is based on the Mexico City name for the dolls (in Celaya they are simply called cartonería dolls). The base of the project would be to introduce new and contemporary designs based on urban culture through workshops in Mexico City. The project was initiated by Carolina Esparragoza in January 2010, who continues to run it. Carolina Esparragoza was born in Mexico City in 1977. She", "id": "14558550" }, { "contents": "Mildred Seeley\n\n\nMildred Seeley (1918 - 10 December 2001) was a doll collector, doll-related entrepreneur, and prolific author on the subjects of doll making and doll collecting. Mildred Seeley lived in a \"small village in upstate New York\" and in Green Valley, Arizona. She never visited the countries where her beloved dolls were made. Yet, she built \"an international network of doll lovers and a world-class doll collection\". She is widely recognized as a primary force in raising the profile of antique doll collecting", "id": "4326698" }, { "contents": "Denali Destroyer Dolls\n\n\nThe Denali Destroyer Dolls (DDD) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Wasilla, Alaska. Founded in 2010, the league consists of a single team, which competes against teams from other leagues. The league was founded in July 2010 and played its first season in 2012/13, winning a majority of its eight bouts. It works closely with a junior roller derby league, the Valley Vixens, and has been involved in a variety of local events, including a bra-related art exhibition. Denali was", "id": "6544780" }, { "contents": "B movies (exploitation boom)\n\n\nwho began her film career with a bit part in Russ Meyer's \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" (1970) and who had appeared in several New World pictures, including \"The Big Doll House\" (1971) and \"The Big Bird Cage\" (1972), both directed by Jack Hill. Hill also directed her best-known performances, in two AIP blaxploitation films: \"Coffy\" (1973) and \"Foxy Brown\" (1974). Grier has the distinction of starring in the first", "id": "16369385" }, { "contents": "Dot and Tot of Merryland\n\n\nmakes Dot and Tot her adopted children. After Dot and Tot have a day of running the valley by themselves, the queen joins Dot and Tot to see the remaining three valleys. The fifth valley is populated entirely by cats, the sixth valley is run by Mr. Split, who makes wind up animals. The final valley is the Valley of Lost Things, where every lost item goes. Tot finds a doll he'd lost and is allowed to take it with him. The Queen decides to allow Dot and Tot to", "id": "5811096" }, { "contents": "MS Italia (1965)\n\n\noperated for Crociere d'Oltremare, who chartered her to a Genoa-based company called Fratelli Cosulich for three cruise voyages in the Mediterranean, and in turn was chartered to Princess Cruises. During her delivery voyage to Princess from Trieste to California the \"camp classic\" film \"Valley of the Dolls\" premiered on board in the ship's movie theater. Princess renamed her \"Princess Italia\" and had the ship sail to Mexico out of Los Angeles. In 1968 the logo on the ships funnel was changed from red and yellow triangles", "id": "8654705" }, { "contents": "University Hills, Los Angeles\n\n\nincrease in Southern California real estate values in the early 2000s attracted professionals looking for alternative neighborhoods to more distant suburbs and the Westside. The mid-2010s recovery from the 2009 Great Recession and its subsequent depressed real estate values has returned University Hills to a desirable community for new homeowners. Gentrification is changing the historically predominant Latino enclave. The Los Angeles Derby Dolls, formerly based at \"The Doll Factory\" on Temple Street in Historic Filipinotown, relocated in 2015 to \"The Dollosseum\" on Alhambra Avenue near Valley Boulevard in El Sereno,", "id": "3940249" }, { "contents": "R. John Wright Dolls\n\n\nmet with limited edition replica based on the original Lenci doll. 2009-2015, RJW produced felt dolls based on the Flower Fairy books of Cicely Mary Barker under license with Frederick Warne & Co. 2010-2018, RJW was licensed by Warner Bros. to produce felt art dolls and mohair mice based on the film the Wizard of Oz. 2012, an edition of the vintage Patsy and Skippy dolls designed by Bernard Lipfert were made by special permission of the copyright holders. 2013, RJW began production of felt dolls based on the", "id": "2392697" }, { "contents": "Phillip R. Ford\n\n\n\"Sluts A-Go-Go Still Alive!\" (1989) and \"Who Does That Bitch Think She Is?: An All Star Tribute To Doris Fish\" (1990). He directed such stage plays as \"Phillip R. Ford's Dolls\", 1993's sensational send-up of \"Valley of the Dolls\" starring Connie Champagne at the On-Broadway Theater in San Francisco (for which he directed eight short films), a remarkably dramatic \"The Bad Seed\" (1987) at Theater Rhinoceros", "id": "17267364" }, { "contents": "Paper Dolls (film)\n\n\n. ... And the generational thing, that these younger Asian men were caring in a very beautiful way for these older men who had been, frankly, abandoned by their families.\" Himberg met Rubasingham at the Sundance Theatre Programme. Himberg changed the story told in the documentary by creating a character, Yossi, partly based on Tomer Heymann, a filmmaker who grows in his perspective as he comes to know the Dolls. The Dolls \"dream of hitting the big time, and are convinced that allowing [Yossi] to make", "id": "6970344" }, { "contents": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1966\n\n\nThis is a list of adult fiction books that topped \"The New York Times\" Fiction Best Seller list in 1966. Only three novels topped the list that year, which was dominated by Jacqueline Susann's \"Valley of the Dolls\" which spent 28 weeks at the top of the list and 65 weeks in the top 10. \"Valley\" was toppled by Robert Crichton's \"The Secret of Santa Vittoria\", a World War II story based on fact, which sold more than 100,000 copies in the first month of", "id": "11632597" }, { "contents": "The Doll Family\n\n\nthe film was based. All four siblings played Munchkins in The Wizard of Oz; Harry played a minor featured part as a member of the Lollipop Guild, who welcome Dorothy upon her arrival in Oz. The Dolls dubbed themselves \"The Moving Picture Midgets\" because of their numerous film credits. The Dolls were a close-knit family who always lived, ate, and worked together - with the exception of Daisy's brief marriage in 1942 to an average-sized man, Louis E. Runyan, which ended in divorce less", "id": "15337658" }, { "contents": "Doll\n\n\nusually held onto the dolls by folding tabs. They often reflect contemporary styles, and 19th century ballerina paper dolls were among the earliest celebrity dolls. The 1930s Shirley Temple doll sold millions and was one of the most successful celebrity dolls. Small celluloid Kewpie dolls, based on illustrations by Rose O'Neill, were popular in the early 20th century. Madame Alexander created the first collectible doll based on a licensed character – Scarlett O'Hara from \"Gone with the Wind\". Contemporary dollhouses have their roots in European \"baby house\" display", "id": "5011073" }, { "contents": "B movie\n\n\nstories revolving around drugs, violent crime, and prostitution, were the product of AIP. One of blaxploitation's biggest stars was Pam Grier, who began her film career with a bit part in Russ Meyer's \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" (1970). Several New World pictures followed, including \"The Big Doll House\" (1971) and \"The Big Bird Cage\" (1972), both directed by Jack Hill. Hill also directed her best-known performances, in two AIP blaxploitation films:", "id": "15337956" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls\n\n\n-known singer, but their romantic progression is frequently intercepted by his domineering manager and older sister, Miriam. Jennifer, desiring only to be loved, pressures him into marrying her and quickly falls pregnant despite knowing of his infidelity. After reuniting with an increasingly unsympathetic Neely, who is in the midst of an affair, Jennifer becomes increasingly dependent on \"dolls,\" amphetamines and barbiturates to calm her frayed nerves. Finally, Miriam reveals the reason for her opposition to the relationship: Tony, already barely mentally competent, has", "id": "17122347" }, { "contents": "Phantom Blue\n\n\n'm So Unclear!), Unholy Pink and Valley Dolls. She was also the drummer of the all-female Ozzy Osbourne tribute The Little Dolls from 2005 to 2010. Guitarist Karen Kreutzer (from the 1993-1997 lineups) retired after moving to West River, Maryland. She is currently married with one daughter and has worked as a data analyst for a content solutions company. Bassist Kim Nielsen (who, for a brief period, went by her married name Kim Nielsen-Parsons) worked in tour production and as", "id": "8754992" }, { "contents": "Donald Trump dolls\n\n\nSeveral dolls based on Donald Trump have been created since 2004, beginning with the release of a 12-inch Trump doll by Stevenson Entertainment Group, which signed a licensing deal with The Trump Organization. The doll includes 17 phrases recorded by Trump. During and after Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, various artists created their own Trump dolls, which included voodoo dolls and failed plans to produce Trump Troll dolls. FCTRY, a Brooklyn-based toy company, also launched their own Trump doll in 2016. In February 2004, officials for Stevenson", "id": "11136812" }, { "contents": "Momiji Dolls\n\n\nwere usually made by farmers. The dolls typically consist of a head and elongated torso representing the body and legs as a single piece. Momiji dolls are different from the traditional Kokeshi dolls in that they are made from resin and contain a small space in the base. Inside the base is a small folded card for a secret message or greeting. Momiji dolls are often designed by fresh new designers and are known for their work with colleges and art schools worldwide. Momiji Dolls, also known as Momiji Friendship Dolls, are typically", "id": "12743294" }, { "contents": "Pussycat Dolls Present\n\n\nother contestant Jamie Lee Ruiz joined the burlesque version of The Pussycat Dolls. Mark McGrath was the Master of Ceremonies during the contestants' performances and the sneak peek of the proceeding episode. Each show contestants performed at the Pussycat Dolls Lounge, consisting of singing and dancing. Based on the stagework, three judges determine the weakest performer, whom they eliminate. The first week, the judges were vocal coach Eric Dawkins, choreographer Mikey Minden who would recur throughout the show as well as main judge Robin Antin and Pussycat Dolls lead singer", "id": "5386688" }, { "contents": "Frozen Charlotte (doll)\n\n\nFrozen Charlotte is a name used to describe a specific form of china doll made from c. 1850 to c. 1920. The dolls had substantial popularity during the Victorian era. The name of the doll originates from the American folk ballad Fair Charlotte, based on the poem \"A Corpse Going to a Ball\" by Seba Smith, which tells of a young girl called Charlotte who refused to wrap up warmly to go on a sleigh ride because she did not want to cover up her pretty dress; she froze to death during the", "id": "8494501" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nhis new baby with Anne; Anne is increasingly left alone as he and the now-possessive and cruel Neely (who has become self-centered and arrogant due to her newfound success and resentful of Anne) spend every night together. Henry convinces Anne to wait out the humiliating, public affair and pretend she knows nothing, assuring her that Lyon will grow tired of Neely and return to her. The affair stretches out for years, with Neely pressuring Lyon to end his marriage and Anne becoming dependent on the \"dolls\"", "id": "17122357" }, { "contents": "Doll\n\n\nfurther developed on these theories. Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori expanded on these theories to develop the uncanny valley hypothesis: if an object is obviously enough non-human, its human characteristics will stand out and be endearing; however, if that object reaches a certain threshold of human-like appearance, its non-human characteristics will stand out, and be disturbing. A doll hospital is a workshop that specializes in the restoration or repair of dolls. Doll hospitals can be found in countries around the world. One of the oldest", "id": "5011084" }, { "contents": "Scott River\n\n\nwas then known as Beaver Valley. Meek, who had hunted all over the West, declared the Beaver Valley one of the best places he had ever seen to trap beaver and hunt game, and returned to retire there at the Josiah Doll ranch from 1871 until his death in 1889 at the age of 90. The 1850 discovery of gold during the California Gold Rush by pioneer John W. Scott at Scott Bar, downriver from Scott Valley, brought many prospectors into the area; Scott's discovery led to the naming of the", "id": "17840260" }, { "contents": "Quaker Valley High School\n\n\n. Over 50 students participate on stage or behind the scenes building sets, assembling costumes, or hanging lights. The high school has staged a wide range of shows, the most recent being The Sound of Plaid, 9 to 5, The Drowsy Chaperone, and Pirates of Penzance. Quaker Valley musicals have won numerous Gene Kelly Awards along the way (the Tony Awards of area high schools), winning best musical for Guys and Dolls in 2012. Students who excel in the Music Department qualify for membership in the Quaker Valley", "id": "7724071" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\na party scene. \"This is a now movie,\" said Meyer. \"It's about what's happening now.\" Meyer and Ebert kept the costs down by writing \"97 percent of the film\" for existing sets on the Fox backlot. Ebert said that \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" seemed \"like a movie that got made by accident when the lunatics took over the asylum\". \"It was the first time I've made a movie with more than a five man crew,\" said", "id": "2352907" }, { "contents": "Billy doll\n\n\nBilly – The World's First Out and Proud Gay Doll (a.k.a. The Billy Doll and Billy The Gay Doll) is a doll introduced in the US in 1997. Billy was created by artists John McKitterick and Juan Andres and marketed by London based Totem International Ltd and New York based Totem International Inc as \"the first out and proud gay doll\" although that distinction actually belongs to Gay Bob, introduced in 1977. Unlike Barbie and GI Joe, Billy was sold exclusively to adults. John McKitterick and Juan Andres created", "id": "20964097" }, { "contents": "Bob Andrews (guitarist)\n\n\nthrough their two long-players, the self-titled \"Generation X\" (1978), which reached #29 in the U.K. Albums Chart, followed by \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1979). After two propitious opening years, with a hectic touring schedule and record releases entering the charts, the release of the \"Valley of the Dolls\" LP at the start of 1979, although being marked simultaneously by their highest chart hit with the single \"King Rocker\" achieving #11 in the UK Singles Chart", "id": "10834275" }, { "contents": "Nagoro\n\n\nNagoro or Nagoru, now known as Nagoro doll Village () is a village in the Iya Valley on the island of Shikoku in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is known for the large number of realistic dolls positioned throughout the village, which have made it a tourist attraction. The village is located on Route 439 in the Iya Valley, a remote mountainous area. It formerly had about 300 inhabitants, but the decline in Japan's population has caused that to fall to 35 by January 2015 and 30 . Tsukimi Ayano,", "id": "11451009" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nthe two films were not intended to be connected. Posters for the movie read, \"This is not a sequel—there has never been anything like it\". The suit did not go to trial until after Susann's death in September 1974. Her estate won a $2 million verdict against the studio in August 1975. The production of the film, along with \"Myra Breckinridge\", helped lead to the ousting of Richard Zanuck from Fox. \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" was released as a two", "id": "2352922" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\n-disc, special-edition DVD set on June 13, 2006, which is now out of print. However, 20th Century Fox re-released it on the second disc of the four-disc variety feature pack, \"Studio Classics: Set 9\", which also includes \"All About Eve\", \"The Inn of the Sixth Happiness\", and \"Valley of the Dolls\", on May 4, 2010. In the UK, Arrow Video released the film on Blu-ray on January 18,", "id": "2352923" }, { "contents": "Kewpie Doll (song)\n\n\n\"Kewpie Doll\" is a 1958 popular song, written by Sid Tepper and Roy C. Bennett. It is based on the popular Kewpie comics characters by Rose O'Neill, who inspired a merchandising phenomenon of dolls and other toys. In the United States, the most popular was a recording by Perry Como; in the United Kingdom, Como competed with a cover version recorded by Frankie Vaughan. The release marked the end of Como's regular high chart placings in the US. It was his last Top Ten hit there for 11", "id": "15280092" }, { "contents": "Stage Dolls\n\n\nStage Dolls is a Norwegian hard rock band based in Trondheim, Norway. In 1982, Erlend Antonsen and Terje Storli played at local clubs in and around Trondheim. In need of a guitarist they called on Torstein Flakne, who by then had finished playing in The Kids (Norwegian band) (a popular teeny-band in Norway 1980-82). Throughout the summer and fall of 1982 the newly formed band started rehearsing and playing shows in the region. The trio took the name Stage Dolls in January 1983. The", "id": "3515295" }, { "contents": "Dolle Mina\n\n\n. Some Dolle Mina members found MVM also reformist: they saw themselves as members of a new \"grassroots\" who sought a more fundamental change in society. There should be, according to them, a democratic socialist society. Various groups at the bottom of society (\"the base\") had to be mobilized in it. This basic strategy groups the line at that time was also the student movement (among others Ton Regtien was turned off) Dolle Mina had a Marxist outlook, and brought attention to the struggle by", "id": "6340177" }, { "contents": "Russ Meyer\n\n\n' low-budget \"Easy Rider\", and impressed by Meyer's frugality and profitability, 20th Century Fox signed him to produce and direct a proposed sequel to \"Valley of the Dolls\" in 1969, fulfilling his longstanding ambition to direct for a major Hollywood studio. What eventually appeared was \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" (1970), scripted by film critic (and Meyer devotee) Roger Ebert. The film bears no relation to the novel or film adaptation's continuity, a development necessitated when Jacqueline Susann", "id": "13470851" }, { "contents": "Tony James (musician)\n\n\n(1978) and \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1979), and several singles, all but one of which charted, and through a hectic touring schedule increasingly gained media recognition as one of the acts with a potentially bright commercial future that had emerged from the punk-rock scene. However, in early 1979 the band's internal cohesion began to come apart after the relative commercial failure of the \"Valley of the Dolls\" L.P., which had gone no higher than #51 in the U.K. Albums Chart, and", "id": "15066804" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (film)\n\n\nthe title track, however, her version is not on the soundtrack album, only on the actual film soundtrack. According to Susann, she wrote her own lyric for the film's title track as she felt that Dory Previn's lyric did not establish the story's background. Warwick was signed to Scepter Records at the time and could not contractually appear on the soundtrack album. Therefore, a re-recorded version appears on the LP \"Dionne Warwick in Valley of the Dolls.\" The film contains two versions of the", "id": "6783621" }, { "contents": "Charles Fitzroy Doll\n\n\nCharles Fitzroy Doll JP, FRIBA (1850–1929), was an English architect of the Victorian and Edwardian eras who specialised in designing hotels. He also designed the dining room on the RMS \"Titanic\", which was based on his design for that in the Hotel Russell in Bloomsbury. Doll was educated in Germany, and on his return to Britain he trained as an architect under Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt. Under Wyatt he was involved in designing the India Office in London, a project he worked on from 1866 to 1868.", "id": "20845210" }, { "contents": "Charles Fitzroy Doll\n\n\nIn 1885 Doll was appointed Surveyor to the Bedford Estates in Bloomsbury and Covent Garden in London. In 1898 he designed the Hotel Russell, which is distinctively clad in decorative thé-au-lait (\"tea with milk\") terracotta, and which was based on the Château de Madrid on the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. Doll engaged the sculptor Henry Charles Fehr to model the four life-size statues of British Queens, who look down from above the main front entrance. The hotel's restaurant, until recently named", "id": "20845211" }, { "contents": "Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (animated TV series)\n\n\nis Benta's black housemaid and she is 66 years old. She is a hard worker, very strict, and a routine-based person, calling the kids for eating & errands. She is also renowned for being an excellent cook, adored by everyone. She also has knack for making living dolls, seen with Visconde, Pedrinho's doll, and Angelica's doll. A gluttonous, selfish, cowardly and lazy pig. While he is the cast member who tends to get into the deepest trouble and is the butt", "id": "2566413" }, { "contents": "Ted Casablanca\n\n\nalongside cast member Barbara Parkins for the special edition DVD of \"Valley of the Dolls\". He also appeared in the featurette on the bonus DVD entitled, \"The Divine Ms. Susann\". Casablanca has been a long-time fan of the film. The name \"Ted Casablanca\" was borrowed from a minor character from \"Valley of the Dolls\". Casablanca's birth date was found to have been November 20, 1960. According to Ancestry.com’s Texas Birth Index 1903-1997 Bruce Wallace Bibby was born November 20", "id": "10958272" }, { "contents": "Judy Garland\n\n\nLos Angeles, her recording contract with Capitol Records, and any other business dealings in which she could derive an income. Garland was left in a desperate situation which saw her sell her Brentwood home at a price far below its value and being cast in February 1967 for the role of Helen Lawson in \"Valley of the Dolls\" by 20th Century Fox. According to co-star Patty Duke, Garland was treated poorly by director Mark Robson on the set of \"Valley of the Dolls\" and was primarily hired so as", "id": "13593135" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nValley of the Dolls is the first novel by American writer Jacqueline Susann. Published in 1966, the book was the biggest selling novel of its year. To date, it has sold more than 31 million copies, making it one of the best-selling works in publishing history. In 1945, beautiful ingenue Anne Welles moves to New York to start a new life, seeking to escape the ennui of her hometown of Lawrenceville, Massachusetts. She quickly finds employment as a secretary at a talent agency, working under Henry Bellamy", "id": "17122341" }, { "contents": "Do You Know the Way to San Jose\n\n\nRIAA Certified Gold album \"Dionne Warwick in Valley of the Dolls\". \"Do You Know the Way to San Jose\" was issued as the follow-up single to the double-sided hit \"(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls\"/ \"I Say a Little Prayer\" in April 1968. It became Warwick's third consecutive Top Ten song in the closing months of 1967 and into 1968, punctuating the most successful period of Warwick's recording career. The song peaked at #8 in the UK, Ireland,", "id": "19135614" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nthe Valley of the Dolls\" grossed 10 times that amount in the U.S. market, qualifying it as a hit for Fox. It has since grossed more than $40 million from theatrical revivals and video sales, according to Roger Ebert. According to \"Variety\", the film earned $6,800,000 in theatrical rentals in North America by 1976. According to Fox records the film required $4,100,000 in rentals to break even and by 11 December 1970 had made $7,000,000 so made a profit to the studio. Upon release, Ebert", "id": "2352916" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (album)\n\n\n. I'd read (Mick Farren's novel) \"The Tale of Willy's Rats\", and thought it was wonderful. I certainly had a romantic vision of rock and roll groups, and I think with the \"Valley of the Dolls\" album we reached an all time bottom in that rock and roll romanticism. After the album came out I realised that I'd been talking about things that I didn't really understand, or which even were just not true. Afterwards we realised we had to sing about what", "id": "2580691" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (album)\n\n\nwe knew about, not what we wished we were.\" Concerns from the record's producer Ian Hunter about the technical competence of Generation X's drummer led to the employment for the recording sessions of Clive Bunker as a session musician. Bunker and Laff played together on the tracks, achieving a distinctive double-drum sound. The album contained the UK singles: \"King Rocker\", which reached #11 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1979; \"Valley of the Dolls\", which reached #23 in April", "id": "2580692" }, { "contents": "Mark Laff\n\n\n\". He was Generation X's drummer through its two long-players, the self-titled \"Generation X\" (1978), followed by \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1979); which saw the band amidst a heavy performance schedule across Great Britain gaining momentum, drawing recognition and impacting the British pop music charts with its releases. However, after the relative commercial failure of the \"Valley of the Dolls\" long-player, internal disagreements about the band's musical direction and personality clashes within it came", "id": "519105" }, { "contents": "Valley of the Dolls (film)\n\n\nthat time. Hayward reportedly had a difficult relationship with the cast and crew, and her clashes with Duke became part of the dramatic tension between their characters. 20th Century Fox wanted contract star Raquel Welch to play Jennifer but she turned it down, not wanting to play a \"sexpot\" role. She asked to play Neely but the studio refused. \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\", a 1970 satirical pastiche, was filmed by 20th Century Fox while the studio was being sued by Jacqueline Susann, according to Irving", "id": "6783618" }, { "contents": "American Character Doll Company\n\n\n. The Puggy and Sally Campbell Kids children dolls were introduced in 1928; they were based on the cartoon characters designed by Grace Drayton. American Character released a limited number of celebrity dolls over the years, beginning with \"Lucky Aviation Kid\" in 1927, a Charles Lindbergh doll wearing a brown aviator suit and flight cap, with a \"Spirit of St. Louis\" model plane ribbon, white socks and brown shoes. In the 1930s, the company released the celebrity doll \"Carol Ann Beery,\" based on the child", "id": "5037513" }, { "contents": "Guys and Dolls (film)\n\n\nGuys and Dolls is a 1955 American musical film starring Marlon Brando, Jean Simmons, Frank Sinatra, and Vivian Blaine. The film was made by Samuel Goldwyn Productions and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). It was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who also wrote the screenplay. The film is based on the 1950 Broadway musical by composer and lyricist Frank Loesser, with a book by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows, which, in turn, was loosely based on \"The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown\"", "id": "22033807" }, { "contents": "Celebrity doll\n\n\ndolls of recent years include the Britney Spears doll, made in 1999, the New Kids on the Block dolls (selling over two million dolls) and Christina Aguilera doll (selling over three million dolls). Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen dolls were also popular from 1999-2004. Dolls of Lindsay Lohan, Hilary Duff and Destiny's Child were being made in 2005-2006. In 2007-2009, dolls based on characters in Disney Channel movies and TV series, such as, \"High School Musical\",", "id": "21028296" }, { "contents": "Pam DeLuco\n\n\nPam DeLuco (born 1968) is an American contemporary textile and fiber artist, book artist and papermaker, and co-founder of Shotwell Paper Mill based in San Francisco. She is noted for her military paper doll project. DeLuco studied in Los Altos, California, and Notre Dame, Indiana. She has traveled extensively, studying indigenous handicrafts and artisans around the world. DeLuco's work explores the lives of women in the military in her paper dolls series \"Paper Dolls: stories from women who served\". In 2008", "id": "19029461" }, { "contents": "My Living Doll\n\n\nis a reference to this series because creator who was previously the story editor for My Favorite Martian was offered a stake in Doll to remain with Martian he turned this down to begin work on Gilligan. . Chertok producer Peter Greenwood has begun active development of a new \"My Living Doll\" limited series based on posts found on his LinkedIn account which also featured a bound set of the original series scripts as part of that same post. He has stated that this show would be more in tune with present day morals and would", "id": "2340966" }, { "contents": "Boris Hoppek\n\n\nsimilar projects over the following years, like a cardboard church front built for the 2010 edition of the Swab art fair in Barcelona. In 2005 Hoppek was approached by the advertising company DLKW, who wanted to create an advertising campaign for the Opel Corsa based on his own Bimbo dolls. For the campaign Hoppek created a new set of dolls, using elliptic instead of oval shapes in order to differentiate the new characters from the Bimbo dolls. The result are The C'Mons, Hoppek's fictional rock band that has been featured Europe-", "id": "4321161" }, { "contents": "American Girl\n\n\naddition, the company has switched back to the old \"iconic boutique box\" packaging following complaints by collectors who deemed the new boxes to be inferior and more susceptible to damage. YouTube videos made with American Girl Dolls are becoming increasingly popular. In 2015, the American Girl fan community, more specifically the practice of creating and uploading American Girl doll-based stop motion videos, (AGSM for short) was featured in a news report for BBC News' Trending site, along with interviews and videos from several prominent doll community", "id": "6568961" }, { "contents": "Martin Milner\n\n\nSmell of Success\" (1957), \"Marjorie Morningstar\" (1958), \"Compulsion\" (1959) and \"13 Ghosts\" (1960). He was one of the stars of \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1967), based on the Jacqueline Susann best-seller. In 1960, Milner won the role of Tod Stiles on the CBS television series, \"Route 66\", which ran from 1960 to 1964. Created by Stirling Silliphant, \"Route 66\" is about two regular but distinctly", "id": "15416046" }, { "contents": "Jackie Ormes\n\n\nthe contemporary stereotypical media portrayals, was confident, intelligent, and brave. Ormes contracted with the Terri Lee doll company in 1947 to produce a play doll based on her little girl cartoon character. The Patty-Jo doll was on the shelves in time for Christmas and was the first American black doll to have an extensive upscale wardrobe. As in the cartoon, the doll represented a real child, in contrast to the majority of dolls that were mammy and Topsy-type dolls. The dolls were popular with both black and", "id": "20862819" }, { "contents": "Living Dead Dolls\n\n\naccept commissions or make handmades to order, but would instead occasionally offer handmade dolls on eBay to the highest bidder. Since their commercial launch by Mezco in 2000, variations have been produced such as miniature dolls, ragdolls and baby dolls, large 18-inch tall porcelain dolls and 13-inch tall fashion dolls called 'Fashion Victims.' A separate line called \"Living Dead Dolls Presents\" offers dolls based on contemporary and classic movie characters such as Annabelle and the Creature of the Black Lagoon. In addition to dolls, the brand has produced", "id": "6840305" }, { "contents": "Ideal Toy Company\n\n\n, the head of the company. Ideal, via the Betsy Wetsy doll, was also one of the first doll manufacturers to produce an African American version of a popular doll. In 2003, the Toy Industry Association named Betsy Wetsy to its Century of Toys List, a compilation commemorating the 100 most memorable and most creative toys of the 20th century. Debuting in 1934, the Shirley Temple doll was their best-selling doll. Ideal follow up with licensed Disney dolls and a Judy Garland doll. Two cosmetics-based doll", "id": "16174068" }, { "contents": "Coppélia\n\n\nconsists of a prologue, three fantastic tales in which Hoffmann is a participant, and an epilogue. In the first story, based on \"Der Sandmann\", Hoffmann falls in love with a mechanical doll, Olympia, but in this case, the story has a melancholy tinge as the doll was destroyed by Dr. Coppelius, who share the same name as Coppelius who wants Coppélia to come to life, after he didn't get a check from Spalanzani for Olympia's eyes. In 1939, San Francisco Ballet produced a version", "id": "20276225" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who merchandise\n\n\n\" dolls between 2006 and 2007. While the series is now defunct, 10-inch dolls of the Eleventh and Thirteenth Doctors were released in 2011 and 2018, respectively. The company also released the \"Doctor Who\" Micro Universe game series in 2007 featuring collectible miniature figurines and models based on the programme's first, second and third series. In November 2007, Character Options released merchandise relating to \"Doctor Who\" spin-off \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\". Originally launching with a Sarah Jane Smith and Star Poet action figure", "id": "13690633" }, { "contents": "Free to Be... You and Me\n\n\nfor puppets, designed, performed and manipulated by Wayland Flowers, resembling human babies, who use cultural gender stereotypes to try to discover which is a boy and which a girl; \"William's Doll\", based on Charlotte Zolotow's picture book about a boy whose family resists his requests for a doll until his grandmother explains that William wishes to practice being a good father; and \"Dudley Pippin\" with Robert Morse and Billy De Wolfe, based on stories by Phil Ressner. A number of pieces from the record did", "id": "16664" }, { "contents": "History of Russian animation\n\n\ndog. According to Migunov, they had to reinvent the whole production process. They organized a technical base, constructed and patented a device for shooting in statics, with a horizontally moving camera and attachable dolls. Also for the first time they used ball-jointed dolls and latext to make puppet faces. They were followed by Vladimir Degtyaryov who produced many films such as \"Beloved Beauty\" (1958) and ' (1962), Roman Kachanov and who directed the award-winning ' (1959) that combined stop motion", "id": "973635" }, { "contents": "Reborn doll\n\n\na product. As part of this, the dolls often come with fake birth certificates or adoption certificates. Many women collect reborns as they would a non-reborn doll, whilst others purchase them to fill a void of a lost child and may treat reborns as living babies. Media features and public receptions have used such adjectives as \"creepy\" to describe the reborns. This can be explained by the uncanny valley hypothesis. This states that as objects become more lifelike they gain an increasing empathetic response, until a certain point", "id": "17227279" }, { "contents": "Norah Wellings\n\n\n, England. The factory had six employees, including some family members. As well as her own brand dolls, Wellings continued to make Chad Valley dolls in similar style. Wellings' dolls are often made of cloth (felt, velvet and velveteen), and represent children and adults, as well as storybook characters. The manufacturing process involved moulding buckram over a layer of plastic wood, overlaid with steamed felt. The faces were then handpainted on, with a waterproof coating to make them washable. Wellings exhibited at the British", "id": "17706722" }, { "contents": "Sympathetic magic\n\n\neffigies, fetishes or poppets to affect the environment of people, or occasionally people themselves. Voodoo dolls are an example of fetishes used in this way. Such as using a lock of hair on the doll creating a \"link\" between the doll and the person the hair came from so whatever happens to the doll will also happen on the person. Correspondence is based on the idea that one can influence something based on its relationship or resemblance to another thing. Many popular beliefs regarding properties of plants, fruits and vegetables have", "id": "14999395" }, { "contents": "Momiji Dolls\n\n\nMomiji [‘mom-ee-jee’] is a brand of collectible, hand-painted dolls inspired by Asian style and contemporary illustration. Each Momiji has a small space in the base to hide a secret message on a blank piece of folded card which is included with the doll. The dolls are a contemporary form of traditional Japanese Kokeshi dolls. Momiji Dolls were originally inspired in 2005 by traditional folk-art in northern Japan called Kokeshi. These dolls were carved from spare pieces of wood and hand painted. They", "id": "12743293" }, { "contents": "Clea Bella\n\n\nClea Bella is a 39 cm (15.5 in) fashion doll similar to Gene Marshall, Madame Alexander's Alex, and Tonner's Tyler Wentworth fashion dolls. Clea Bella is a theatre-based doll, created in 2001 by Christina Bougas, of the Bella Productions Doll Company. The first Clea Bella doll she sculpted was called \"Peacock Paradise\" and was an \"en pointe\" foot doll with straight, non-bending arms and legs. The doll featured theatrical style make-up, a blue and green dance costume", "id": "15010072" }, { "contents": "Black doll\n\n\n. Between 1910 and 1930, Horsman, Vogue, and Madame Alexander included black dolls in their doll lines. Gradually, other American companies followed suit. In 1947, the first African American woman cartoonist Jackie Ormes created the Patty-Jo doll, which was based on \"Patty-Jo 'n Ginger\", the cartoon panel she penned for newspapers at the time. The doll was a realistic black doll, breaking the mammy doll stereotype. Beatrice Wright Brewington, an African American entrepreneur, founded B. Wright's Toy Company", "id": "1962573" }, { "contents": "Bild Lilli doll\n\n\nThe Bild Lilli doll was a German fashion doll launched on August 12, 1955 and produced until 1964. Its design was based on the comic-strip character Lilli, created by Reinhard Beuthien for the German tabloid newspaper \"Bild\". The doll was made of polystyrene, came in two sizes, and had an available wardrobe of 1950s fashion. The Lilli doll was the inspiration for Mattel co-founder Ruth Handler's creation of the Barbie doll. Production of the Bild Lilli doll ceased after Mattel bought the copyright. Lilli", "id": "2731043" }, { "contents": "Claudene Christian\n\n\na racing track. In April 2002 the \"Metropolitan News-Enterprise\" reported on three intellectual property suits between Cheerleader Doll and Mattel, the manufacturer of Barbie Dolls. Claudene Christian initiated the first lawsuit, claiming a Mattel doll of a cheerleader improperly copied a Cheerleader Doll design. Mattel was able to establish, to the court's satisfaction, that the cheerleader doll they were marketing was based on a Mattel design that preceded Cheerleader Doll's. Mattel won and Cheerleader Doll was ordered to pay $100,000. Subsequently, her father", "id": "7710220" }, { "contents": "Sharon Case\n\n\nthat hadn't been covered on daytime television. During this, she also appeared on the CBS crime drama \"Silk Stalkings\" as Bonnie Abagail. In 1994, a year after departing from \"As the World Turns\", she became a regular on the primetime soap opera \"Valley of the Dolls\", which was based on the romantic novel of the same name. In 1997, Case had a role in the HBO film \"Breast Men\". Previously, she turned down a larger role in the film due to", "id": "16410253" }, { "contents": "Roger Ebert\n\n\n\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" (for which Ebert also wrote the screenplay, based on a story that he co-wrote with Russ Meyer). Ebert was also interviewed by Central Park Media for an extra feature on the DVD release of the anime film \"Grave of the Fireflies\". Ebert appeared as a guest star multiple times on \"Sesame Street\". A bio-documentary about Ebert, called \"Life Itself\", was released in 2014 to universal acclaim. Though not making a personal appearance,", "id": "5791633" }, { "contents": "A Witch's Tale\n\n\nattack enemies. Monsters appear randomly in the game and in certain situations such as boss battles. Players are given the opportunity to collect various dolls throughout the game, several of which are based upon the characters in the game. The dolls have the ability to launch attacks, give boosts to various stats, or heal the player depending on the type of doll. The dolls can become damaged, making repair necessary. The game's plot is set within several different worlds, many of which are loosely based upon various fictional characters", "id": "9119016" }, { "contents": "Black Balloon (Goo Goo Dolls song)\n\n\n\"Black Balloon\" is a song recorded by the Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in June 1999 as the fourth single from the band's 1998 album, \"Dizzy Up the Girl\", and reached number three in Canada, number 16 in the United States, and number 76 in the United Kingdom. The song, according to lead singer John Rzeznik, is based on a woman who is struggling with a heroin addiction and her lover who is desperately trying to save her. He has also said that it is", "id": "13316775" }, { "contents": "House of Dolls\n\n\nHouse of Dolls is a 1953 novella by Ka-tzetnik 135633. The novella describes \"Joy Divisions\", which were groups of Jewish women in the concentration camps during World War II who were kept for the sexual pleasure of Nazi soldiers. The origin of Ka-tzetnik's story is not clear. Some say it is based on a diary kept by a young Jewish girl who was captured in Poland when she was fourteen years old and forced into sexual slavery in a Nazi labour camp. However, the diary itself has", "id": "1345585" }, { "contents": "West Cornwall Covered Bridge\n\n\nbridge on the way to the Berkshires which inspired the third movement in the \"Three Places in New England\". The bridge appeared in the opening scenes of the movie, \"Valley of the Dolls\" a 1967 American drama film based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Jacqueline Susann. This brief scene occurs near the 2 minute mark of the film, during the opening credits. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Numerous photos, including photos from before the 20th-century", "id": "14075349" }, { "contents": "RM Films International\n\n\nRM Films International is a film distribution company based in Hollywood, California. It was started by filmmaker Russ Meyer to distribute his movies. Since Meyer’s death in 2004, RM Films International has been owned and operated by the Russ Meyer Charitable Trust and is a recognized 501(c) private foundation. With the exceptions of \"Fanny Hill\" and the two movies he made for 20th Century Fox (\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\" and \"The Seven Minutes\"), Russ Meyer retained the rights to all of the", "id": "20843286" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nNeither of them had read the novel but they watched the 1967 film and used the same formula: Three young girls come to Hollywood, find fame and fortune, are threatened by sex, violence, and drugs, and either do or do not win redemption,\" according to Ebert. He later added \"We would include some of the sensational elements of the original story- homosexuality, crippling diseases, characters based on \"real\" people, events out of recent headlines- but, again, with flat-out exaggeration.\"", "id": "2352900" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\n\n\nPhillips adapted Paul Dukas' \"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\" for the psychedelic scene at Z-Man's house near the film's end. Members of the fictitious Carrie Nations neither sing nor play their own instruments in the film. Vocals for the lip-synced songs were performed by Lynn Carey, a blue-eyed soul singer based in Los Angeles. Carey's voice is showcased on the apocalyptic rocker \"Find It\" (by Stu Phillips and Carey), the earnest folk anthem \"Come With the Gentle People\"", "id": "2352912" }, { "contents": "It's Oh So Quiet\n\n\njoined by The Pussycat Dolls. A version of \"It's Oh So Quiet\" was used in a Maybelline advertisement, and a version by Amanda Fondell was used in an advertisement for Candy Crush Saga. The music video, directed by Spike Jonze, was shot in San Fernando Valley, California. Based on Jacques Demy's 1964 film \"Les Parapluies de Cherbourg\", it features everything in slow motion and set in a Broadway musical style as Björk sings the verses; during the riotous chorus, everything returns to regular speed", "id": "985921" }, { "contents": "Fashion doll\n\n\n. They are distinguished by large heads with skinny bodies and lush, glossy lips. Mattel introduced the My Scene line in 2002 and the Flavas line in 2003 to rival Bratz. In 2010 Mattel launched the Monster High doll line, based from fantasy and horror monsters. In 2014, artist Nickolai Lamm unveiled Lammily, a fashion doll based on Lamm's study comparing Barbie's figure with measurements matching those of an average 19-year-old woman. Asian fashion dolls are made by Asian manufacturers and primarily targeted to an Asian market.", "id": "6106564" }, { "contents": "Ball-jointed doll\n\n\n. Angell Studio was established in HangZhou, China in 2005 as one of the earliest BJD creators in China. In 2013, the company collaborated with makers of Gujian Qitan (古剑奇谭), a popular Chinese MMOG to create ball jointed dolls for the game. Doll Leaves Doll Leaves is a Hong Kong based ball jointed doll company introduced in April, 2010. The company produces both male and female dolls in sizes ranging from 12 cm to 70 cm in a variety of skin tones. Resin ball-jointed fashion dolls like the", "id": "6063188" }, { "contents": "Spice Girls dolls\n\n\nThe Spice Girls Dolls are celebrity dolls based on the popular girl group the Spice Girls. They were released by Galoob Toys from 1997 to 1999. With sales of over 11 million, they are the best-selling celebrity dolls of all time. In October 1997, it was announced that the Spice Girls were collaborating with Galoob Toys to create a range of Spice Girls dolls. The first dolls were originally due to be released in 1998, but as the profile of the band rose, the decision was taken to rush through", "id": "9098613" } ]

[ { "contents": "Gerry Skilton\n\n\nGerry Skilton is an Australian actor of the 20th and early 21st century. Skilton is best known as playing the character Nugget in all three of the Crocodile Dundee series of films: \"Crocodile Dundee\", \"Crocodile Dundee II\", and \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\". With permission from Paul Hogan, he reprised the character in 2010 for a proposed outback-adventure reality series \"Nugget Gets A Life\" which he self-financed and had hoped to sell to a network. Among other roles, Skilton played", "id": "9374388" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\n\n\nCrocodile Dundee in Los Angeles (also known as Crocodile Dundee III) is a 2001 Australian-American action comedy film, directed by Simon Wincer and starring Paul Hogan. It is the sequel to \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988) and the third film of the \"Crocodile Dundee\" series. Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively. The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Queensland. Actor Paul Hogan reported that the inspiration for the storyline came", "id": "4975735" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee II\n\n\nCrocodile Dundee II is a 1988 Australian-American action comedy film. The second of the \"Crocodile Dundee\" films, it is a sequel to \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986) and was followed by \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\" (2001). Actors Paul Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Mick Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively; here shown opposing a Colombian drug cartel. The film was directed by John Cornell and shot on location in New York City and Northern Territory, Australia. It cost $", "id": "8429396" }, { "contents": "Ernie Dingo\n\n\nbreak in movies. Dingo got his first big break in acting after moving to [Perth] and meeting [Richard Walley], with whom he played basketball in a local team. He then went on to play state league first division for the East Perth Hawks. Later, Ernie was a lead actor in Crocodile Dundee II (the movie). He is an accomplished actor and presenter in film and television, having starred opposite Paul Hogan in the Crocodile Dundee II movie. As Australia's National Living Treasure, he promoted", "id": "1984921" }, { "contents": "George Negus\n\n\n' son, Serge Cockburn was the child actor who played Mikey Dundee alongside Paul Hogan in \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\". Negus is a fan of association football and a former board member of the national governing body Soccer Australia, as it was known at the time. Negus became a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2015 Australia Day honours. On the 28 February 2012 episode of \"The Circle\", Negus along with Yumi Stynes, made comments about a photo of Corporal Ben Roberts-Smith, a", "id": "6692570" }, { "contents": "Paul Hogan\n\n\nPaul Hogan, (born 8 October 1939) is an Australian comedian, actor and television presenter. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance as outback adventurer Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee in \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986), the first in the \"Crocodile Dundee\" film series. Paul Hogan was born in Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia. He moved to Granville in Western Sydney at a young", "id": "12620573" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\nMichael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is a fictional character, the protagonist in the \"Crocodile Dundee\" film series consisting of \"Crocodile Dundee\", \"Crocodile Dundee II\", and \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\". The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname and is modeled on Rodney Ansell. In \"TV Week\" magazine, Paul Hogan spoke of the character: He said the character was seen by people in the USA as a cross between", "id": "4623089" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\none redeeming feature is that it has a goldmine in it that Mick calls his \"retirement fund\". Dundee is rarely seen without his black Akubra hat or his Bowie knife. During the first film, \"Crocodile Dundee\", Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback, but made it the supposedly hundred or so miles back to civilization and lived. However,", "id": "4623092" }, { "contents": "The Paul Hogan Show\n\n\nThe Paul Hogan Show is a popular Australian comedy show which aired on Australian television from 1973 until 1984. It made a star of Paul Hogan, who later appeared in \"\"Crocodile\" Dundee.\" Hogan's friend (and producer of \"Crocodile Dundee\") John Cornell also appeared in the show, playing Hogan's dim flatmate Strop. Episodes of the series generally opened with Hogan, playing a version of himself he called 'Hoges', presenting a stand-up comedy routine dressed in his bridge rigger's costume", "id": "1762677" }, { "contents": "Kings Island\n\n\na variety of water slides. It originally opened in 1989 as \"WaterWorks\" and has since been expanded several times. It was renamed in 2004 to \"Crocodile Dundee's Boomerang Bay\", based on the titular character from the film \"\"Crocodile\" Dundee\", played by Paul Hogan who was also hired to promote the revamped water park. Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of Kings Island, it was later renamed \"Boomerang Bay\", and all references to the film character were removed. On September 2, 2011", "id": "467854" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nAustralia and abroad, it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences—who resented the image of Australians as being ocker. Robert Hughes complained in 2000 that to Americans \"\"Crocodile Dundee\" is a work of social realism\", giving them a Wild West' fantasy\" about Australia. David Droga said in 2018, however, that \"There has been no better ad for Australia than that movie\". The film became the first in the \"Crocodile Dundee\" series, with two sequels and a Super Bowl commercial", "id": "18138679" }, { "contents": "Cinema of Australia\n\n\ntitle role in his first film, \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986), about a down-to-earth hunter who travelled from the Australian Outback to New York City. The movie became the most successful Australian film ever, and launched Hogan's international film career. Following the success of \"Crocodile\" Dundee Hogan starred in the sequel, \"Crocodile Dundee II\" in 1988. 1988 also saw the release of the drama \"Evil Angels\" (released outside of Australia and New Zealand as \"A Cry in the", "id": "20353674" }, { "contents": "Danny McBride\n\n\n2017. In January 2018, two trailers were released online for what was supposedly a \"Crocodile Dundee\" sequel, titled \"Dundee: The Son of a Legend Returns Home\". The film was said to star McBride as Brian Dundee, the son of the original Crocodile Dundee. The trailers also feature cameo appearances by Australian actors Chris Hemsworth, Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Margot Robbie, and Ruby Rose. From the beginning, various aspects of the campaign made some publications believe that film was an elaborate hoax. It", "id": "14346632" }, { "contents": "Paul Hogan\n\n\non his face): \"Drink it warm, mate.\" Hogan's breakout role was that of Mick \"Crocodile\" Dundee in the 1986 film \"Crocodile Dundee\". Hogan also co-wrote the movie, which was a massive critical and commercial success in many countries. He won the 1987 Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and was also nominated for Best Actor at the BAFTAs. The screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award, a BAFTA and a Saturn Award. Along with Chevy", "id": "12620581" }, { "contents": "Jim Holt (actor)\n\n\nJames David Holt (born 15 January 1956) is an English-born actor who has appeared in many Australian television shows and films. Holt is also a magician, and has had the opportunity to incorporate this talent into some of his television appearances. Well known productions in which he has appeared include \"Bodyline\", \"Anzacs\", \"Crocodile Dundee II\", \"A Country Practice\", \"Embassy\", \"G. P.\", \"Heartbreak High\", \"Wildside\", and most recently in an", "id": "13069977" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee (film series)\n\n\ncrime boss takes her to Colombia under threatening pretenses, hoping that she'll give up the evidence. The legendary intrepid Dundee is soon on the criminal's trail, and as an expert hunter and adventurer he aims to rescue his hostage girlfriend. Dundee an expert adventurer in the truest sense: a crocodile hunter who lives in the wilds of the Australian Outback, and survived the dangers of New York City. The titular character must move to the colorful netherworld of the United States - Los Angeles, California - when his wife,", "id": "20593975" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\n, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. Feeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere,\" as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water,\" showing how despite his expert approach to the bush, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's fiance', Richard, who work together and have a lot in", "id": "4623094" }, { "contents": "Barry Kivel\n\n\nBarry Kivel is an American actor, director, editor, and producer who appeared in \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1984), \"Memoirs of an Invisible Man\" (1992), \"Coneheads\" (1993), \"Bound\" (1996), \"One Fine Day\" (1996), \"Body and Soul\" (2000), \"Turn of Faith\" (2001), and \"Q-4: Dream Corporation\" (2016), a futuristic thriller which is in post-production. To his credits", "id": "19229110" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nin town. As Paul Hogan said: The film's budget was raised through the 10BA tax concessions via Morgan Sharebrokers. Paul Hogan used his regular collaborators from TV, including John Cornell, Peter Faiman and Ken Shadie. Linda Kozlowski was imported to play the American reporter; Actors' Equity Australia objected to this but eventually relented. The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland, where the hotel used has original warped and polished hardwood floors. There are also no crocodiles in the area as it's", "id": "18138675" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee (film series)\n\n\nThe Crocodile Dundee film series are centered around a crocodile hunter named Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee. The movies star Paul Hogan in the titular role, over the course of three feature films centered around his adventures. Hogan refused several proposals for more \"Crocodile Dundee\" films. A New York reporter named Sue Charlton heads to Australia to interview the living legend, known as \"Crocodile\" Dundee. When she finally finds him in the vast Australian terrain, she is so enthralled with him that she brings him back with her", "id": "20593973" }, { "contents": "Australian comedy\n\n\ncharacters of the \"Crocodile Dundee\" films of the 1980s and the Working Dog Productions' 1997 homage to suburbia \"The Castle\". Paul Hogan's Aussie bushman-in-New York/fish-out-of-water comedy romance \"Crocodile Dundee\" was a huge international hit – becoming the most successful foreign film ever released in the United States. Other than Hogan in the lead role, the film series features such veteran Australian comedic actors as John Meillon, David Gulpilil and Ernie Dingo. Australian cinema's all", "id": "11985333" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee (film series)\n\n\nthe original Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee. The trailers also feature cameo appearances by Australian actors Chris Hemsworth, Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Margot Robbie, Isla Fisher, and Ruby Rose. Various aspects of the campaign made some publications believe that the film was an elaborate hoax. It was later reported that these ads were actually part of a lead up to a Super Bowl commercial for Tourism Australia. McBride and Hemsworth starred in the final commercial, which included Hogan in a cameo. Following the positive response to the fake trailers", "id": "20593977" }, { "contents": "John Meillon\n\n\nJohn Meillon, ( ; 1 May 1934 – 10 August 1989) was an Australian character actor, known for many straight as well as comedy roles, he became most widely known internationally however as Walter Reilly in the films \"Crocodile Dundee\" and \"Crocodile Dundee II\". He also voiced Victoria Bitter beer adverts. Meillon was born in Mosman, New South Wales. His younger brother was director Bob Meillon (1943–2012). He began his acting career at the age of eleven in the ABC's radio serial \"Stumpy", "id": "5958391" }, { "contents": "Rod Ansell\n\n\nMick \"Crocodile\" Dundee. Following the unexpected blockbuster success of \"Crocodile Dundee\", Ansell unsuccessfully took Hogan to court. His inability to profit from the films remained a source of bitterness his entire life. According to Ansell's friends, he was \"at one\" with Arnhem Land's Indigenous Australians, and like the film character, he spoke Urapunga fluently, having become a \"fully initiated white man.\" An \"unassuming achiever\" who embodied \"the spirit of the Territory,\" Ansell was named Territorian of", "id": "16342377" }, { "contents": "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown\n\n\ndied. The song is quoted by rapper Ol' Dirty Bastard in his song \"Snakes\". Lyrics for the song Rock n Roll Heaven, popularized by the Righteous Brothers, recall the song and Croce. Loretta Lynn's album \"Van Lear Rose\" contains the song \"Mrs. Leroy Brown\", about a jealous wife exacting revenge on a cheating husband. In the movie \"Crocodile Dundee II\", Crocodile Dundee's friend, who has a self-perceived image as a \"bad guy in the streets\", is", "id": "17019907" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\n. By the second film, \"Crocodile Dundee II\", Mick and Sue are living together in a New York apartment. Sue's ex-husband is in Colombia following a gang of drug dealers, he posts some evidence to Sue, as she is the only person he can trust. When he is discovered and killed by the dealers, they realize he has sent information to Sue, and kidnap Sue to get it back. Mick, who only receives the letter that morning doesn't realize that Sue is in trouble", "id": "4623096" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\nChuck Norris and Rambo. This didn't sit well with Hogan, who said people would rather see his character \"who doesn't kill 75 people\" than the likes of \"those commandos, terminators, ex-terminators and squashers\". Dundee was supposedly born in a cave, in the Northern Territory, and raised by Aborigines. He is unaware of his age; he asked an Aboriginal elder when he was born once, the reply was \"in the summertime\". Until the events of the first film, Dundee", "id": "4623090" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nreplaced with more commonly understood terms, and was slightly shorter. As the first film in the \"Crocodile Dundee\" film series, it was followed by two sequels: \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988) and \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\" (2001), although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor. Sue Charlton is a feature writer for her father's newspaper \"Newsday\", and is dating the editor Richard Mason. She travels to Walkabout Creek, a small hamlet in the Northern", "id": "18138668" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nTerritory of Australia, to meet Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee, a bushman reported to have lost half a leg to a saltwater crocodile before crawling hundreds of miles to safety. On arrival in Walkabout Creek, she cannot locate Dundee, but she is entertained at the local pub by Dundee's business partner Walter \"Wally\" Reilly. When Dundee arrives that night, Sue finds his leg is not missing, but he has a large scar which he refers to as a \"love bite\". While Sue dances with", "id": "18138669" }, { "contents": "Paul Hogan (darts player)\n\n\nPaul Hogan (born 30 August 1963 in Dudley) is an English darts player. He is nicknamed \"Crocodile Dundee\" after the movie starring his namesake, the Australian actor Paul Hogan. Hogan made his World Championship debut in 1995, reaching the quarter finals. He beat Per Skau and Sean Palfrey before losing to Richie Burnett who went on to win the tournament. He returned the next year but couldn't repeat his performance of twelve months earlier, losing in the first round to Matt Clark. He failed to qualify for", "id": "312470" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nCrocodile Dundee (stylised as \"Crocodile\" Dundee in the U.S.) is a 1986 action comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City. It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee. Hogan's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton. Inspired by the true-life exploits of Rod Ansell, the film was made on a budget of under $10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience, but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon.", "id": "18138666" }, { "contents": "Reginald VelJohnson\n\n\nwas the subject of an internet hoax when, on February 13, 2017, a website reported that the actor had died as a result of a heart attack. The fact checking website Snopes.com proved the claim to be false and VelJohnson took to Twitter to show he was still alive and doing well. VelJohnson is known for playing police officers in films and on television. His early career included a brief appearance in \"Ghostbusters\" (1984) as a Municipal Corrections Officer and an appearance in \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986)", "id": "6117995" }, { "contents": "Bart vs. Australia\n\n\nhis pocket he says, \"This is a knife.\" The scene is a reference to a famous scene from \"Crocodile Dundee\", in which Mick Dundee is threatened by some thugs with a switchblade, and Mick takes out a bowie knife and says; \"That's not a knife; that's a knife!\" The Simpson family is shown a slide show by the US Department of State depicting a boarded up cinema with a marquee reading \"Yahoo Serious Festival\", in reference to the Australian actor and director", "id": "4963162" }, { "contents": "Bowie knife\n\n\n), John Wayne's character Ethan Edwards uses a Bowie knife to scalp the Comanche Indian chief 'Scar' he has been hunting throughout the film. The Bowie knife was a staple in \"The Alamo\" movies of 1960 and 2004; the first three Rambo movies, \"First Blood\" (1982), \"\" (1985), and \"Rambo III\" (1988); the Crocodile Dundee films, \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986) and \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988), and \"Friday", "id": "18138196" }, { "contents": "Peter Best (composer)\n\n\nPeter Best (born 18 October 1943 in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia) is an Australian film composer who has contributed to such films as \"The Adventures of Barry McKenzie\" (1972), \"Barry McKenzie Holds His Own\" (1974), \"End Play\" (1976), \"The Picture Show Man\" (1977), \"We of the Never Never\" (1982), \"Goodbye Paradise\" (1983), \"Bliss\" (1985), \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986)", "id": "19277436" }, { "contents": "Matthew Berry\n\n\ngetting him into the LA writing scene. During his writing tenure, he worked on such movies as \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\", and the final year of the TV show \"Married... with Children\". \"Crocodile Dundee\" was nominated for a Razzie award in 2001 under the category of \"Worst Remake or Sequel\", but lost to \"Planet of the Apes\". Berry gained further (possibly unwanted) attention for \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\" after Paul Hogan filed a lawsuit against Berry and", "id": "7140040" }, { "contents": "Betty Bobbitt\n\n\nuntil May 1985, making her one of the show's longest serving characters. After leaving the series, she continued with theatre roles, made several guest-starring television appearances, and appeared in a few film roles. She subsequently appeared in cameo roles in \"Crocodile Dundee II\" and \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\" (a.k.a.\"Crocodile Dundee III\"). She recently appeared in the Melbourne Theatre Company's production of \"Cruel & Tender\" by Martin Crimp. Bobbitt also performed with fellow \"Prisoner\" cast", "id": "18403110" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee (film series)\n\n\nto New York City. In New York, Dundee is amazed by the many wonders of the city life and the interesting people there. It's a whole new way of life for the crocodile hunting adventurer. Mick \"Crocodile\" Dundee is just settling into his new way of life, in a home in Manhattan, when a South American drug dealer abducts his girlfriend, Sue. The drug dealer believes that images of his criminal activities, taken by her photographer ex-husband, are now being held by her. The", "id": "20593974" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nDundee, a group of city kangaroo shooters make fun of Dundee's status as a crocodile hunter, causing him to knock the leader out with one punch. At first, Sue finds Dundee less \"legendary\" than she had been led to believe, being unimpressed by his pleasant-mannered but uncouth behaviour and clumsy advances towards her; however, she is later amazed, when in the outback, she witnesses \"Mick\" (as Dundee is called) subduing a water buffalo, taking part in an aboriginal tribal dance ceremony", "id": "18138670" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\n\n\nduring a tour of Litomyšl, Czech Republic in 1993. At the beginning of the film, protagonist Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee (Paul Hogan) is living in the Australian outback with Sue Charlton (Linda Kozlowski) and their young son Mikey (Serge Cockburn). Because crocodile hunting has been made illegal, Mick is reduced to wrestling crocodiles for the entertainment of tourists, having as his rival in the business another outback survivalist named Jacko (Alec Wilson). When an opportunity arises for Sue to become the Los Angeles bureau", "id": "4975736" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee (film series)\n\n\nSue receives a new job as bureau chief of a newspaper. \"Mick\" becomes an amateur undercover investigator when a conspiracy arises surrounding a Hollywood studio and their next big film release. Hogan refused several proposals for more \"Crocodile Dundee\" films. In January 2018, two trailers were released online for what was marketed as another film in the series, titled \"Dundee\", with the tagline \"The son of a legend returns home\". The film was said to star Danny McBride as Brian Dundee, the son of", "id": "20593976" }, { "contents": "Lost Verizon\n\n\nof the barman in profile and another person in the background looking directly into the camera is a visual reference to Bergman's 1966 film \"Persona\". The Australian barman resembles Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee, and his bar is called the \"Crocodile Drunkee's\", both referencing the 1986 film \"\"Crocodile\" Dundee\". In his bar window, a partial sticker for the band INXS is seen, as well as the album \"Business as Usual\" by Men at Work. The zoom-in places the Australian", "id": "22008294" }, { "contents": "Ferret-legging\n\n\n\" American sportswriter Rick Reilly of ESPN tried ferret-legging as part of his quest to find \"the world's dumbest sport\" for a book published in 2010. Mellor made a brief appearance in the 1976 television documentary presented by actor and wrestler Brian Glover entitled \"It's no joke living in Barnsley\", in which he demonstrated ferret-legging. During his appearance on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in May 1996, actor Paul Hogan (\"Crocodile Dundee\") spent much of the interview with Leno", "id": "8313307" }, { "contents": "Bloke\n\n\nbloke' who liked to 'play around with words'. John Simpson Kirkpatrick (1892–1915) was known as 'the bloke with the donk' (donkey) for his work as a stretcher bearer during the Gallipoli Campaign. Examples of famous contemporary Australians associated with the bloke image include Bill Hunter, Paul Hogan and his fictitious movie character Crocodile Dundee, and Steve Irwin. Following the Australian leadership spill which installed Julia Gillard as the first female Prime Minister of Australia on 24 June 2010, media outlets began to focus on her", "id": "1141964" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee II\n\n\nthe end, he retrieves Walter from Rico and Miguel, leaving the latter to face him alone. Tired of chasing Dundee, Rico sets a bushfire to corner Mick, but Mick regains the upper hand, captures Rico, and switches clothes with him in to lure Miguel into a vulnerable position. Sue and Walter, observing them from a distance, mistake Mick for Rico and take shots at him. Walter shoots Mick, though not fatally, and Rico tries to escape but is shot by Miguel (who mistakes him for Mick", "id": "8429402" }, { "contents": "Paul Hogan\n\n\nChase and Goldie Hawn, Hogan co-hosted the 59th Academy Awards, also in 1987. Hogan again portrayed Mick Dundee in the sequel \"Crocodile Dundee II\", released in 1988. Hogan was also executive producer and co-writer with his son, Brett. Although less popular than the first \"Crocodile Dundee\" film with critics, it was also a commercial success. The character made him popular in the United States, with phrases like, \"That's not a knife...\"that's\" a knife!\"", "id": "12620582" }, { "contents": "Antoine Préget\n\n\nAntoine Préget (born October 5, 1972 in Sète) is a French footballer who has played defence/midfield for a number of European clubs. Préget began his career with Nîmes Olympique and spent three years with \"Les crocodiles\" before spending single seasons with LB Châteauroux and Toulouse FC. Préget then had a trial with Southampton in a bid to move to British football before joining Scottish side Raith Rovers. A move to Dundee United followed but Préget made just four appearances during his time at Tannadice. A move to Greece beckoned", "id": "9312255" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\nuntil she phones from the kidnapper's house. Mick (with help from a local gang) breaks in and sneaks Sue out. Mick and Sue head to Australia for protection. The Colombians follow and try to track Mick and Sue, but Mick is always one step ahead. The third movie, \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\", set around 13 years later, Mick is living with Sue and their 9-year-old son, Mikey. Now that it is illegal to kill Saltwater Crocodiles in Australia, Mick is forced", "id": "4623097" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\nto relocate and wrestle crocodiles. Sue replaces a worker at her father's newspaper who died mysteriously, so Mick and Mikey travel with Sue to Los Angeles while she fills the position until a full replacement is found. Together they travel around Los Angeles and the usual fish-out-of-water jokes occur. Mick uses his detective skills to discover that a film crew had been smuggling paintings that had supposedly been destroyed years earlier (during the Yugoslav Wars), and that they've killed a reporter for getting too close", "id": "4623098" }, { "contents": "Ernie Dingo\n\n\n1998 he starred in \"Somewhere in the Darkness\". In 2010 he returned to the silver screen with a role in the Aboriginal musical \"Bran Nue Dae\" along with Jessica Mauboy and Geoffrey Rush. Ernest Dingo stars opposite fellow actor Paul Hogan in the global smash hit Crocodile Dundee II. Dingo's first minor big break in television was in 1989 in the first season of Channel 7 sketch comedy TV show \"Fast Forward\" (1989–1992). As an actor, he has also appeared in many Australian television series such", "id": "1984924" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee II\n\n\n14 million to make. A year has passed since the events of \"Crocodile Dundee\", and Mick Dundee and Susan \"Sue\" Charlton are living happily together in New York. Although Mick's ignorance of city life is a hazard when he attempts to continue his former lifestyle, like blast fishing in Manhattan's waters, Sue's writing has made him a popular public figure. He later goes to work for Leroy Brown, a mild-mannered stationery salesman trying to live up to his self-perceived 'bad guy", "id": "8429397" }, { "contents": "Mark Blum\n\n\nMark Blum (born May 14, 1950) is an American actor in movies, on television, and on the stage. Blum started acting on stage in the 1970s. In the 1980s, he acted in these movies: \"Lovesick\" (1983), \"Desperately Seeking Susan\" (1985), \"Just Between Friends\" (1986), \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986), \"Blind Date\" (1987), and \"The Presidio\" (1988). On television, he co-starred", "id": "235555" }, { "contents": "Kangaroo emblems and popular culture\n\n\nbeing filled with mucus. In \"Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog\", there is a kangaroo named MacHopper, who is also a parody of Crocodile Dundee, another Australian icon. In the \"\" episode \"Bwar and Peace\", Brad talks about his Australian self, who after was punched, and the kangaroo appears before and during his wedding with the girl he's with. Kick also interacted with the kangaroo. In the fifth season of \"The Flintstones\", the Rubbles adopt Hoppy, a pet hoparoo (a", "id": "21255001" }, { "contents": "Garry Kenneth\n\n\nGarry Kenneth (born 21 June 1987) is a Scottish former footballer, who played as a centre back for Dundee United, Cowdenbeath, Bristol Rovers, Brechin City, Carnoustie Panmure, Adamstown Rosebud and Skonto Riga. He also represented Scotland twice at full international level. Kenneth, who was brought up in Dundee, played for Dundee United Social Club and St.Josephs, before he returned with a second spell at Dundee United Social Club. Kenneth, who is a keen Dundee United supporter and came through the Jim McLean School", "id": "5205834" }, { "contents": "Mercia Deane-Johns\n\n\nCrocodile Dundee\" films as well as \"Heatwave\". She has also worked with John Ewart who is known for \"Sunday Too Far Away\" and Alwyn Kurts who famously portrayed the gruff Inspector Colin Fox in the TV series \"Homicide\". Much of her work like \"Homicide\", \"Cop Shop\", \"Matlock Police\", \"Division 4\", and \"Bluey\" was done at Crawford Productions. As well as acting, Deane-Johns has done voiceovers including four episodes of \"Persons of Interest", "id": "15428492" }, { "contents": "Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets station\n\n\nthat move and try to trap the characters. The station was also featured in the Eddie Murphy comedy \"Coming to America\" (1988), as well as in \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (1990). \"The Warriors\" (1979), \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986) and \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988), and \"The Taking of Pelham 123\" (2009) have also filmed at Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets. The Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets station's mezzanine was the main setting for", "id": "14153838" }, { "contents": "Dundee Repertory Theatre\n\n\nin \"The Merchant of Venice\", which also featured Steven Berkoff and Dundee-born Brian Cox who has gone on to play many roles in TV productions and Hollywood films. In the mid-1960s, a stable repertory company including Jill Gascoigne, Vivien Heilbron, Charmian May and Stephen Yardley saw short seasons from visiting actors James Bolam and Michael York. Other past associates include the actress Ann Way. Vivien Heilbron was a member of the Company in the 1960s. In 1987 Alan Cumming was at the Rep. as Phil McCann in two", "id": "5850349" }, { "contents": "Major Dundee\n\n\n\"A Streetcar Named Desire\") began making the movie into a complex character study about Dundee, making him a glory-hungry officer who would do anything to gain fame and recognition. He had the support of Heston, who had seen and enjoyed Peckinpah's previous film, \"Ride the High Country\", and was eager to work with the director. Actor R.G. Armstrong, who had a small part as a Reverend who tags along with the expedition, referred to the 156 minutes version of the film as \"\"", "id": "2777929" }, { "contents": "George W. Anson\n\n\nGeorge W. Anson (25 November 1847 – 2 August 1920) was a British actor. He specialised in comedy roles, and appeared in New York and Sydney, Australia. He appeared in plays of Shakespeare, particularly in productions by Herbert Beerbohm Tree. Anson was born in Montrose in Scotland; his father was actor John W. Anson, whose early career was with theatrical companies of Dundee, Perth, Montrose and Inverness. His mother was the actress Barbara Johnson, the sister of Samuel Johnson who played the low-comedy roles", "id": "13183007" }, { "contents": "The Mavis Bramston Show\n\n\nwriter of \"A Song to Sing, O\") and Ken Shadie, who had begun writing comedy sketches while working in Seven's engineering department; he also later wrote for \"Number 96\" and co-wrote the script of the hit Paul Hogan film \"Crocodile Dundee\". At this stage Raye was intending to work only as the show's producer, and she still needed to find a female lead; Chater suggested June Salter (who agreed to a guest appearance in the pilot) and they also approached Judi", "id": "2199158" }, { "contents": "Terry Gill\n\n\nwomen's prison drama \"Prisoner\" as Det. Insp. Jack Grace, a regular cast member as Sgt. Jack Carruthers in \"The Flying Doctors\" and played another recurring role in \"Blue Heelers\" as Superintendent Clive Adamson. He appeared in a guest role on \"Neighbours\". Gill appeared in \"Crocodile Dundee\" as the leader of a group of kangaroo shooters whom Dundee (Paul Hogan) fights in the Walkabout Creek Hotel bar, and later uses a dead kangaroo as a cover to shoot at the shooters", "id": "14078285" }, { "contents": "Peter Best (composer)\n\n\n, \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988), \"Muriel's Wedding\" (1994) and \"Doing Time for Patsy Cline\" (1997). His career started in 1970. Many of his scores have been released on compact disc, including Crocodile Dundee on Varèse Sarabande, Dad and Dave: On Our Selection, and We of the Never Never on 1M1 Records. He was also responsible for the theme music for the Life. Be in it, Care For Kids (International Year of the Child 1979),", "id": "19277437" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee II\n\n\n. \"Crocodile Dundee II\" was also a worldwide hit, but not as big as its predecessor. The film grossed $24,916,805 in Australia, which is equivalent to $48,843,593 in 2009 dollars. The film was released theatrically in the United States by Paramount Pictures in May 1988. It grossed $109,306,210 at the domestic box office. It was the second highest-grossing film that year for Paramount (second only to \"Coming to America\") and the sixth highest-grossing film at the United States box office.", "id": "8429404" }, { "contents": "The Phantom Band\n\n\nExtreme Nudity, self distributed to independent record outlets in the UK, before removing all reference to it from their online presence and reforming under a new name, Robert Louis Stevenson. The sought-after release now only changes hands on online auction sites, and the only element traceable from the band's current incarnation is the presence of the track \"Crocodile\" (formerly \"Crocodile Dundee\") on their 2009 album \"Checkmate Savage\". Under the title of Robert Louis Stevenson, they played a number of live shows in", "id": "5503457" }, { "contents": "George Ali\n\n\nGeorge Ali (born George Bolingbroke; c.1866−April 26, 1947) was an actor who specialized in the \"skin game\", playing animals in stage and cinema productions, known as an animal impersonator. He performed in a number of stage plays, working as lions, tigers, and bears, but it was as the canine nursemaid Nana and the Crocodile in the 1924 film adaptation of \"Peter Pan\" for which he seems best remembered. Barrie had written the part expecting it to be played by a boy, but adults", "id": "10149289" }, { "contents": "Oliver Platt\n\n\n1996), \"Executive Decision\" (1996), and \"Bulworth\" (1998). In 1998 Platt and Stanley Tucci played two deadbeat actors who improvise with unsuspecting strangers in \"The Impostors\". Tucci and Platt developed the characters while working on a play at Yale University in 1988, with Tucci later completing the screenplay and directing the film. In 1999, Platt played the wealthy and eccentric crocodile enthusiast Hector in David E. Kelley's \"Lake Placid\", alongside Bill Pullman and Bridget Fonda. Platt described Hector", "id": "646167" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nn't think we've had one yet—not a real, general public, successful, entertaining movie.\" \"Crocodile Dundee\" debuted at #1, and was a worldwide box office hit. The film grossed $47,707,045 at the box office in Australia and was the highest-grossing film of all-time there. A number of minor changes were made to the film for its US release where it was released theatrically by Paramount Pictures in September 1986. It grossed $174,803,506 at the U.S. box office. It was", "id": "18138677" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\n\n\nCrocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\" holds a rating of 11% (out of 79 reviews) on Rotten Tomatoes; the consensus reads: \"A family movie without toilet jokes, but there's nothing that seen before.\" The film was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Remake or Sequel but lost to \"Planet of the Apes\". The film grossed $7,759,103 at the box office in Australia. The film debuted in 4th place at the US box office behind \"Bridget Jones's Diary\" (which was #", "id": "4975740" }, { "contents": "Charles S. Dutton\n\n\n3\", the debut film of director David Fincher, then co-starred in 1993's \"Rudy\". Other films he has appeared in include \"Get on the Bus\"; \"A Time to Kill\"; \"Cookie's Fortune\"; \"Crocodile Dundee II\"; \"Cry, the Beloved Country\"; \"Surviving the Game\", Menace II Society, \" \"Secret Window\" and A Low Down Dirty Shame. Dutton won Outstanding Guest Actor Emmy Awards in 2002 and 2003 for his roles in", "id": "20477917" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nthe second-highest-grossing film that year (after \"Top Gun\") for both the studio and the United States box office. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 46 million tickets in North America. The film has a rating of 87% on Rotten Tomatoes. James Berardinelli of \"Reelviews.net\" gave the film three stars out of four stating, \"What the storyline lacks in ambition, it makes up for in sheer, unfettered likability\". Although \"Crocodile Dundee\" was a hit both in", "id": "18138678" }, { "contents": "Charlie Craig (footballer)\n\n\nCharles Thomson Craig (11 July 1874 – 11 January 1933) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a full-back. He played for both Dundee and West Ham United during their inaugural seasons, and later played in the Football League for Nottingham Forest and Bradford Park Avenue. Craig was born was born in Dundee and played for Dundee Our Boys, where he was part of the team that reached the Dundee Charity Cup Final in 1892–93, before they merged with Dundee East End to form Dundee F.C. He played for the", "id": "14476297" }, { "contents": "Soul Man (film)\n\n\noffice success. On its opening weekend, it debuted at #3 behind \"Crocodile Dundee\" and \"The Color of Money\" with $4.4 million. In total, \"Soul Man\" went on to gross $27.8 million domestically. A music video for the film's soundtrack was released for the Sam & Dave song \"Soul Man\" performed by Sam Moore and Lou Reed. The video starred actors Bruce Willis, Cybill Shepherd, Rae Dawn Chong, C. Thomas Howell, Ron Reagan Jr., George Segal, Jamie", "id": "10390530" }, { "contents": "Paul Hogan\n\n\nwas appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) \"for service to tourism and entertainment\". in 1987 Hogan won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Musical or Comedy for \"Crocodile Dundee\". In 2016 Hogan received the Longford Lyell Award, the highest honour of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA), for outstanding services to the Australian screen. Hogan and his first wife, Noelene Edwards, married in 1958. They separated and divorced in 1981 and remarried less than one year", "id": "12620588" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee\n\n\nRichard, follows Mick to a subway station. There, she cannot reach him through the crowd on the platform, but has members of the crowd relay her message to him, whereupon he climbs up to the rafters and walks to Sue on the heads and raised hands of the onlookers and kisses her. The idea to make the film came to Paul Hogan (the lead actor and one of the story writers) when he was in New York. He wondered what it would be like if a Northern Territory bushman arrived", "id": "18138674" }, { "contents": "University of Dundee\n\n\n, who assumed the position on 25 January 2016. He replaced, Brian Cox CBE, a Dundee-born actor, who served for two terms. Previous Rectors since the university's independence have included Sir Peter Ustinov, Sir Clement Freud, and Stephen Fry, who each served two terms, and Craig Murray, Tony Slattery, Lorraine Kelly and Fred MacAulay, who each served one. The Principal and Vice-Chancellor is the chief academic and administrative officer of the university, presiding over the Senatus Academicus. As a result", "id": "17174016" }, { "contents": "Jane Scott (film producer)\n\n\nwork on a number of productions and again in 1974/5 as Associate Producer on \"Barry Mckenzie Holds His Own\". Over more than thirty years in the film industry Scott has worked on a large number of feature films, television productions and television commercials throughout the world. Titles of some of the films she has been involved with include \"My Brilliant Career\", \"Crocodile Dundee\", \"Crocodile Dundee II\", and \"Strictly Ballroom\". \"Shine\", which Scott produced in 1996, received worldwide acclaim and", "id": "21224654" }, { "contents": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee\n\n\nby the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still intrigued by the idea of \"Crocodile\" Dundee, Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his macho approach and seemingly sexist opinions, the pair eventually become close", "id": "4623093" }, { "contents": "Soak City (Kings Island)\n\n\nThe cost was roughly $4 million USD. The water park was expanded in 1997 to . It was renamed in 2004 to Crocodile Dundee's Boomerang Bay, and again in 2007 to Boomerang Bay dropping \"Crocodile Dundee\" from the name. On September 2, 2011, Kings Island announced that the water park would undergo a $10-million expansion, which would include the renovation of the water park's main entrance, a revamp of the existing Lazy River ride, and the construction of additional amenities. A second, larger wave", "id": "6424143" }, { "contents": "Crocodile Dundee II\n\n\nThe film did well at the box office but not with critics. It was sixth-highest-grossing film of the year in the United States and earned more than $240 million worldwide. For its first six days of American release, its box office receipts of US$29.2 million exceeded those of \"Rambo III\" at $21.2 million. \"Crocodile Dundee II\" received generally negative reviews from critics. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" deemed the sequel to be inferior, noting \"the novelty has begun", "id": "8429405" }, { "contents": "Saltwater crocodile\n\n\nof North Borneo 12-cent stamp; a 1948 Australian 2 shilling stamp depicting an aboriginal rock artwork of the species; a 1966 Republic of Indonesia stamp; a 1994 Palau 20-cent stamp; a 1997 Australian 22-cent stamp; and a 2005 1 Malaysian ringgit postage stamp. The species has featured in contemporary Australian film and television including the \"Crocodile\" Dundee series of films and The Crocodile Hunter television series. There are now several saltwater crocodile-themed parks in Australia. The crocodile is considered to be holy on Timor. According to legend", "id": "11594799" }, { "contents": "Coritiba Crocodiles\n\n\nThe Coritiba Crocodiles are a professional Brazilian American football team headquartered in Curitiba, Paraná. Founded as the Barigui Crocodiles by a group of friends who used to watch NFL games, the team name originated from a crocodile that lived in Parque Barigui's lake. In 2008, they were the first Brazilian American Football team to play internationally, going up against the Emperadores from Uruguay. In 2009, the Crocodiles played in the Pantanal Bowl, but unfortunately, did not emerge victorious, placing second. On January 21, 2011, the", "id": "19990923" }, { "contents": "Grahame Bond\n\n\nGrahame John Bond AM (born 21 November 1943) is an Australian actor, writer, director, musician and composer, known primarily for his role as Aunty Jack. Bond began his career in entertainment at University of Sydney in the 1960s as a founding student member of the Sydney University Architecture Revue, which included his university friends Geoffrey Atherden (writer \"Mother and Son\", \"Grass Roots\"), Peter Weir (director \"Gallipoli\", \"The Truman Show\"), Peter Best (composer \"Crocodile Dundee", "id": "17719394" }, { "contents": "Slim De Grey\n\n\nClifford Frank de Grey (20 May 1918 – 16 March 2007), better known as Slim De Grey was an English-Australian actor, compere, musician, lyricist/composer and comedian. He served with the Australian Army, the eighth division and was a POW in Changi Prison during World War Two. While an inmate there he composed, presented and produced shows. Roles included \"Young Ramsay\", \"Bellamy\", \"Newsfront\" and \"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\". He died in a Gold Coast", "id": "9190005" }, { "contents": "Arvid Schenk\n\n\nArvid Schenk (born 28 July 1989) is a German professional football player who plays as a goalkeeper and is currently without a club having last played for Dundee. Schenk was signed by Dundee in October 2014, to provide goalkeeping cover after Kyle Letheren was injured. He made his first and only appearance for Dundee in a Dundee derby on 1 January 2015, but was utter shite in goal as Dundee lost 6–2 to Dundee United. It was the first time that Dundee had conceded six goals in a Dundee derby match. He", "id": "16777791" }, { "contents": "Dundee HSFP\n\n\nDundee High Rugby are a rugby union team that play their home games at the Mayfield Playing Fields, Dundee, Scotland. The team was founded in 1880 by former pupils of the High School of Dundee, and currently play in Scottish National League Division One, the second tier of Scottish club rugby. No doubt inspired by Abertay's Louis Auldjo, Dundee's first international rugby player, who had represented Scotland against England at the Oval in 1878, Dundee High School Former Pupils' Rugby Football Club was formed in 1880 by a", "id": "12614520" }, { "contents": "Angelo Dundee\n\n\nin an often corrupt sport. Perhaps the greatest tribute to Dundee was paid by Howard Cosell who said \"If I had a son who wanted to be a fighter and I couldn't talk him out of it, the only man I would let train him is Angelo Dundee\". In November 2008, he was hired as a special consultant for Oscar De La Hoya's fight with Manny Pacquiao. Dundee was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1992. Dundee was played in the movie \"Ali\" (2001", "id": "18764919" }, { "contents": "Scott Robertson (footballer, born 1985)\n\n\nScott Robertson (born 7 April 1985) is a Scottish football player and coach, who is currently a youth team coach at Dundee and plays for Forfar Athletic. Robertson is a midfielder, who previously played for Dundee, Peterhead, Dundee United, Blackpool, Hibernian, Romanian club Botosani, Raith Rovers and Brechin City. He also represented Scotland twice in full international matches. Robertson began his career with Dundee, but made his senior debut while on loan at Peterhead, spending the second part of the 2003–04 season at Balmoor.", "id": "14219892" }, { "contents": "Jed Reilly\n\n\nGerard Reilly is a Scottish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Reilly grew up in St Marys, Dundee. He played junior football with Broughty Athletic before joining Dundee United in August 1969. He was immediately called up to play for the reserve team as cover for Hamish McAlpine, who had a long-term injury. On 15 September 1969, Reilly was named as a substitute for Dundee United's Inter-Cities Fairs Cup tie against Newcastle United. Aged 16 and having never even watched the first team play before,", "id": "7325161" }, { "contents": "Ozzie Devrish\n\n\nOzzie Devrish is an Australian actor, director and producer, originally from Melbourne. He began acting in 2000 after suffering injury as a professional AFL player. One of his first roles was Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. His fame came with an Australian TV Series The Strip, following feature films such as, Peter Pan, Chronicles of Narnia, The Condemned and many more prestigious productions that has enjoyed critical acclaim and international visibility. He demands the attention of elite casting directors in Hollywood and around the globe. Devrish is residing in", "id": "4023968" }, { "contents": "Christopher Booker\n\n\n, who objected to Booker employing his generalisations about conventional plot structures prescriptively: \"He sets up criteria for art, and ends up condemning \"Rigoletto\", \"The Cherry Orchard\", Wagner, Proust, Joyce, Kafka and Lawrence – the list goes on – while praising \"Crocodile Dundee\", \"ET\" and \"Terminator 2\"\". Fay Weldon wrote \"This is the most extraordinary, exhilarating book. It always seemed to me that 'the story' was God's way of giving meaning to crude", "id": "20300334" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nKevin William Cairns (born 29 June 1937 in Preston) is an English former footballer who played as a left back in the Scottish Football League for Dundee United and in the Football League for Southport, where he spent most of his career. Cairns was briefly attached to Blackburn Rovers as a youngster, and also played non-League football for Weymouth and Carshalton Athletic. During his National Service, he played in an Army match alongside Dundee United's Ron Yeats, who recommended him to the club. Cairns signed for Dundee United", "id": "20271755" }, { "contents": "Stewart McKimmie\n\n\nStewart McKimmie (born 27 October 1962) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who predominantly played for home town club Aberdeen. He played in defence, primarily as a right-back, and also played for Dundee and Dundee United. He now writes a weekly column in the Evening Express, as well as appearing as a pundit on Northsound 2's Friday Sport. He signed for Aberdeen in 1983 from Dundee, as a replacement for Stuart Kennedy who had been forced to retire due to injury. He won the European Super", "id": "7624384" }, { "contents": "Bobby Farrell (footballer)\n\n\nRobert Farrell (1 January 1906 – 17 January 1971) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an outside forward. He made 16 appearances in the Scottish League for Dundee and 382 in the English Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion. Farrell was born in Dundee. He began his football career with junior club Dundee North End before joining Dundee in 1926. According to the \"Dundee Courier\", he was a \"tall, well-built lad\" who could \"fill any position in the forward line, having", "id": "1138826" }, { "contents": "Ken Shadie\n\n\nKenneth George \"Ken\" Shadie (born 8 December 1935) is an Australian screenwriter, who co-wrote the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for the film \"Crocodile Dundee\" with Paul Hogan and John Cornell. Shadie was born in the Sydney suburb of Bondi and raised in Lane Cove. From 1964 to 1968, he was chief writer and script editor of \"The Mavis Bramston Show\". He worked on its follow up \"News Revue\". In 1974, he was a script writer for the soap opera \"", "id": "1916825" }, { "contents": "Ken Shadie\n\n\nNumber 96\". In the late 1970s he was writing a revue for Ron Frazer. This was seen by Paul Hogan who loved the writing and asked to meet Shadie. They two of them started writing together on \"The Paul Hogan Show\". Hogan, Shadie and Cornell co-wrote the script for the film \"Crocodile Dundee\", which went on to become a massive hit in Australia and abroad, with the screenplay nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1986. In the late 1980s Ken Shadie", "id": "1916826" }, { "contents": "Wild One (Johnny O'Keefe song)\n\n\nIt also charted on \"Billboard\"'s Album Rock Tracks chart, peaking at No. 27. The Iggy Pop version was featured in the films \"Crocodile Dundee II\", \"Adventures in Babysitting\", \"Problem Child\" and its sequel \"Problem Child 2\". The clip for that song was used in the opening titles for ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) music block, \"rage\". A cover of the song was recorded again by Iggy Pop who teamed up with Aussie rockers Jet, titled \"The", "id": "19525170" }, { "contents": "Shootout\n\n\nMumbai police: 0 Injuries: Gangsters: 0; ATS and Mumbai police: 2 Rod Ansell was an Australian bushman who served as the inspiration for the \"\"Crocodile\" Dundee\" films. On 3 August 1999, Ansell ambushed several police officers at a roadblocked intersection at Acacia Hills, Northern Territory, Australia, and fatally shot one of them. A gun-battle erupted as more officers arrived on scene, and Ansell was killed in the ensuing gunfight. The day before his attack on police, Ansell had been on", "id": "3591890" }, { "contents": "Mugged (Flight of the Conchords)\n\n\nout a knife, Jemaine says \"that's not a knife\". Bret replies \"yeah, that's, that's a knife\". \"Oh, it is a knife\", says Jemaine, then they both run away. This is a reference to the famous scene in the 1986 Australian film, \"Crocodile Dundee\", in which Mick Dundee is accosted by a mugger on his first visit to New York. The would-be mugger threatens him with a switch blade. Dundee says \"that's not", "id": "15084679" }, { "contents": "Crocodile coup\n\n\nThe Crocodile Coup is a play in the game contract bridge. It is executed by the defense: specifically by the second hand to play to a trick. It is the play of a higher card than might seem necessary, to keep a run of honors from being blocked by a singleton honor being in the other hand with either no entry back to the remaining tricks, or having to return the lead to declarer who can promptly dispose of his losers. In the following example, West executes the Crocodile Coup: If the", "id": "3167103" }, { "contents": "Samphran Elephant Ground & Zoo\n\n\n40 kilometers from the city. The elephant theme show and the crocodile wrestling show are the highlight events in this zoo. In the elephant show, the elephants dance, race, paint and play “Yutha Hathi”, a royal battle in Thai history which is performed with actors riding on the elephants. For the crocodile wrestling, performers show the visitors how to catch crocodiles with their bare hands and also put their arms or heads inside the crocodile’s jaws. Show time The zoo open is daily from 08.30 A.M. – 05.30", "id": "10677256" } ]

[ { "contents": "Massage\n\n\nconfused with pressure point massage, this involves deactivating trigger points that may cause local pain or refer pain and other sensations, such as headaches, in other parts of the body. Manual pressure, vibration, injection, or other treatment is applied to these points to relieve myofascial pain. Trigger points were first discovered and mapped by Janet G. Travell (President Kennedy's physician) and David Simons. Trigger points have been photomicrographed and measured electrically and in 2007 a paper was presented showing images of Trigger Points using MRI. These points", "id": "73687" }, { "contents": "Three positions\n\n\ntrigger guard and place their forearm against their body. Natural point of aim is especially crucial in this position. Natural point of aim is where your body is naturally aiming at while aiming downrange. If shooters fight their natural point of aim it is very difficult to stay stable and make a good shot. There are many tricks for finding a shooters natural point of aim and can be very difficult to teach to new shooters. The last position in the match would be the kneeling phase. Shooters generally use a kneeling roll and", "id": "4823851" }, { "contents": "Myofascial pain syndrome\n\n\nMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS), also known as chronic myofascial pain (CMP), is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain in multiple myofascial trigger points (\"knots\") and fascial (connective tissue) constrictions. It can appear in any body part. Symptoms of a myofascial trigger points include: focal point tenderness, reproduction of pain upon trigger point palpation, hardening of the muscle upon trigger point palpation, pseudo-weakness of the involved muscle, referred pain, and limited range of motion following approximately 5 seconds of", "id": "20419559" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nto help address certain musculoskeletal pain. The trigger point model states that unexplained pain frequently radiates from these points of local tenderness to broader areas, sometimes distant from the trigger point itself. Practitioners claim to have identified reliable referred pain patterns which associate pain in one location with trigger points elsewhere. There is variation in the methodology for diagnosis of trigger points and a dearth of theory to explain how they arise and why they produce specific patterns of referred pain. Compression of a trigger point may elicit local tenderness, referred pain, or", "id": "3425122" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nlocal twitch response\" to acupuncture's \"de qi\" (\"needle sensation\"), based on a 1977 paper by Melzack \"et al.\" Peter Dorsher comments on a strong correlation between the locations of trigger points and classical acupuncture points, finding that 92% of the 255 trigger points correspond to acupuncture points, including 79.5% with similar pain indications. The first written descriptions of trigger points are from the 16th century. The French physician Guillaume de Baillou described trigger points in the context of what is now called", "id": "3425143" }, { "contents": "Natural point of aim\n\n\nNatural point of aim, (NPOA, or NPA), also known as \"Natural Aiming Area\", (NAA), is a shooting skill where the shooter minimizes the effects of body movement on the firearm's impact point. Along with proper stance, sight alignment, sight picture, breath control, and trigger control, it forms the basis of marksmanship. To achieve natural point of aim, the shooter settles into position while not looking through the sights. Some shooters actually close their eyes, but this can upset", "id": "2049309" }, { "contents": "Bedwetting alarm\n\n\nthe sensor (located at the point of urination) underneath the user's pajama shirt to wherever the alarm is located on the body (frequently on the collar of the pajama shirt, so that it is close to the ear). The attachment mechanism to the alarm, through which the electric current flows to the alarm, is important. If it is easily detached (unintentionally comes out from the alarm during use) the alarm may not be triggered. Most connectors are plastic telephone jacks which are very unlikely to be detached", "id": "10119929" }, { "contents": "Ligamentous laxity\n\n\nsome distance from the injury. (Pain will not only occur at the site of the injury and loose ligaments, but may also be referred to other parts of the body.) These painful points that refer pain elsewhere are called trigger points, and will be dealt with later. Abnormal joint movement also creates many “protective actions” by adjacent tissues. Muscles will contract in spasm in an attempt to pull the joint back to the correct location or stabilize it to protect it from further damage. When this occurs in the", "id": "15140428" }, { "contents": "Dry needling\n\n\nof patient pain. A high degree of correspondence is reported between myofascial trigger point dry needling and traditional western acupuncture. Acupuncture and dry needling are similar in the underlying phenomenon and neural processes between trigger points and acupuncture points. There is a high degree of correspondence between published locations of trigger points and classical acupuncture points for the relief of pain. Dry needling, and its treatment techniques and desired effects, would be most directly comparable to the use of 'a-shi' points in acupuncture. However, dry needling theory only", "id": "18933190" }, { "contents": "Acupuncture\n\n\nprevent the flow of electricity in the body, as electrical pulses were found to make a frog's leg twitch after death. The West eventually created a belief system based on Travell trigger points that were believed to inhibit pain. They were in the same locations as China's spiritually identified acupuncture points, but under a different nomenclature. The first elaborate Western treatise on acupuncture was published in 1683 by Willem ten Rhijne. In China, the popularity of acupuncture rebounded in 1949 when Mao Zedong took power and sought to unite China behind", "id": "1420766" }, { "contents": "Jonah Hex\n\n\nburial, but they were robbed at gunpoint by Farnham and an accomplice. Farnham had Wheeler shot and the widow left unconscious to die in a house fire while he stole Hex's corpse for his Wild West Revue. Jonah Hex was taxidermized to be put on display permanently in a gaudy outfit, although the two evil men met their ends through the \"accidental\" discharge (at point-blank range) of Jonah's hair-trigger guns. His body was thereafter transported from location to location. His final resting place was", "id": "9016633" }, { "contents": "Implant (medicine)\n\n\nprocess done within the body to prevent blood loss from damaged blood vessels. However, the coagulation process is triggered from proteins that become attached to the implant surface and lose their shapes. When this occurs, the protein changes conformation and different activation sites become exposed, which may trigger an immune system response where the body attempts to attack the implant to remove the foreign material. The trigger of the immune system response can be accompanied by inflammation. The immune system response may lead to chronic inflammation where the implant is rejected and has", "id": "10772790" }, { "contents": "Infrared open-path detector\n\n\nlow and high alarms triggered at 1LFLm and 3LFLm respectively. An open path detector usually costs more than a single point detector, so there is little incentive for applications that play to a point detector's strengths: where the point detector can be placed at the known location of the highest gas concentration, and a relatively slow response is acceptable. The open path detector excels in outdoor situations where, even if the likely source of the gas release is known, the evolution of the developing cloud or plume is unpredictable. Gas will", "id": "11981677" }, { "contents": "Lagrangian point\n\n\nIn celestial mechanics, the Lagrangian points ( also Lagrange points, L-points, or libration points) are the points near two large bodies in orbit where a smaller object will maintain its position relative to the large orbiting bodies. At other locations, a small object would go into its own orbit around one of the large bodies, but at the Lagrangian points the gravitational forces of the two large bodies, the centripetal force of orbital motion, and (for certain points) the Coriolis acceleration all match up in a way", "id": "18665149" }, { "contents": "One-man band\n\n\n1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers. Some \"one-man bands\" use organ-style pedal keyboards to perform basslines. A small number of MIDI enthusiasts use custom-made MIDI controllers connected to different parts of their bodies to trigger music on synthesizers. Custom-made MIDI controllers range from wind-operated controllers to small triggers mounted on the arms or feet. At a certain point, the use of body MIDI controllers may come to resemble performance art", "id": "6187394" }, { "contents": "Metal Gear Solid\n\n\ncomics, and novels. The player must navigate the protagonist, Solid Snake, through the game's areas without being detected by enemies. Detection is triggered by the player moving into an enemy's field of vision and sets off an alarm that draws armed enemies to his location. This also triggers \"alert mode,\" and the player must then hide and remain undetected, at which point \"evasion mode\" begins and once the counter reaches zero the game returns to \"infiltration mode\" where enemies are not suspicious of Snake", "id": "2857168" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nand, if all trigger points have been deactivated, elongating the structures affected along their natural range of motion and length. In the case of muscles, which is where most treatment occurs, this involves stretching the muscle using combinations of passive, active, active isolated (AIS), muscle energy techniques (MET), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching to be effective. Fascia surrounding muscles should also be treated to elongate and resolve strain patterns, otherwise muscles will simply be returned to positions where trigger points are likely", "id": "3425136" }, { "contents": "Neurotransmitter\n\n\ncleft is wider. Finally, the active zone on a Type I synapse is larger than that on a Type II synapse. The different locations of type I and type II synapses divide a neuron into two zones: an excitatory dendritic tree and an inhibitory cell body. From an inhibitory perspective, excitation comes in over the dendrites and spreads to the axon hillock to trigger an action potential. If the message is to be stopped, it is best stopped by applying inhibition on the cell body, close to the axon hillock where", "id": "2089521" }, { "contents": "Instant centre of rotation\n\n\npoint P, the instant center of rotation for the body BAC. What applies to point A also applies to point B, therefore this instant center of rotation P is located on a line perpendicular to vector V, a line colinear with link P-B. Therefore, the instant center of rotation P of body BAC is the point where the lines through P-A and P-B cross. Since this instant center of rotation P is the center for all points on the body BAC for any random point, say point", "id": "21676326" }, { "contents": "Dry needling\n\n\nconsidered to be acupuncture depends on the definition of acupuncture, and it is argued that trigger points do not correspond to acupuncture points or meridians. They correspond by definition to the ad hoc category of 'a-shi' acupoints. It is important to note that this category of points is not necessarily distinct from other formal categories of acupoints. In 1983, Janet Travell described trigger point locations as 92% in correspondence with known acupuncture points. In 2006, Peter T. Dorsher, acupuncturist at the Mayo Clinic, concludes that the", "id": "18933204" }, { "contents": "Pain\n\n\ncan be assessed through locating trigger points and the region of sensation, as well as utilising phantom maps. Phantom pain is pain felt in a part of the body that has been amputated, or from which the brain no longer receives signals. It is a type of neuropathic pain. The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72% of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later,", "id": "4739016" }, { "contents": "Safety (firearms)\n\n\ntrigger face must be fully depressed in order to disengage a lock that allows the main trigger body to move. Unintentional pressure against the top of the trigger without pressing the lever does not disengage the lock and the trigger will not move. Other designs include a spring-loaded pad that forms the upper portion of the trigger face and manipulates a similar lock. This design has more moving parts, but is advantageous in that accidental pressure on the lock release has reduced leverage thus requiring more force to pull the main trigger, where", "id": "8915287" }, { "contents": "Inferior costal facet\n\n\nThe inferior costal facet (or inferior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the inferior aspect of the body of a thoracic vertebra. In the adjacent picture, the arrow points to an inferior costal facet. The facets are named for their location on the vertebral body, not the rib. The inferior costal facet is located on the inferior aspect of the vertebral body, but has a superior location on the rib. Similarly, the superior costal facet is superior on the vertebral body but is inferior", "id": "11921351" }, { "contents": "Mossberg 500\n\n\nand their receiver channels reduce wear on the aluminium receiver while allowing the shotgun to function with the presence of dirt or debris. The Model 500's bolt locks into a recess located on the top of the steel barrel instead of the receiver itself, thus allowing the use of lightweight aluminum instead of steel. The trigger housing and safety button are made of plastic to reduce cost. The trigger assembly, which includes the trigger, hammer, sear, and trigger body with guard, can be removed by pushing out one retaining pin", "id": "3349486" }, { "contents": "Halo Array\n\n\nthe bodies exhibit characteristics of both a jovian planet and a small star. In each system, there are five points where a body of negligible mass would remain stationary to the two much larger bodies in the system, the gas giant and its moon. These areas, known as Lagrange points, are classified by stability; while bodies at 60° angles to the gas giant would remain in the same location relative to the other objects in the system, the other three Lagrange points are meta-stable, having the tendency to", "id": "9771952" }, { "contents": "Carmen Sandiego Adventures in Math\n\n\nThe player uses \"the Wii Remote to point at the screen and highlight characters to talk to, or point to the part of the screen you want your agent to walk to. You can also press and hold the B Trigger at any time in these scenes, at which point your cursor transforms into a hidden object scanner\". Each location will provide clues which will reveal where to head to next, and several Hint Coins are also scattered around the environments. After finding three clues, the player can study the dossiers", "id": "9955755" }, { "contents": "Gravitational potential\n\n\ngradient is where x is a vector of length \"x\" pointing from the point mass toward the small body and formula_5 is a unit vector pointing from the point mass toward the small body. The magnitude of the acceleration therefore follows an inverse square law: The potential associated with a mass distribution is the superposition of the potentials of point masses. If the mass distribution is a finite collection of point masses, and if the point masses are located at the points x, ..., x and have masses \"m\",", "id": "14089579" }, { "contents": "Operation Neptune (video game)\n\n\ntakes the form of a word problem, and it is up to the player to determine the order of operations involved and arrive at the correct solution. Inputting an incorrect solution causes the player to lose Oxygen. If the Neptune survives the problem, the game then returns to action-game mode, resuming precisely where the player left off. Each Sector contains three invisible and unavoidable trigger points; when the Neptune crosses one of these trigger points, a chime plays and a beacon on the Neptune flashes. These trigger points are", "id": "3220499" }, { "contents": "Through-the-lens metering\n\n\ninclude off-camera flash lighting, where one or more flash units are located at different locations around the subject. In this case a 'commander' unit (which can be integrated in the camera body) is used to control all of the remote units. The commander unit usually controls the remote flashes by using flashes of visible or infrared light, although TTL-capable radio triggering systems are available. The photographer can normally vary the light ratios between the different flashes. The technique of using preflashes to get a proper exposure", "id": "14356430" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\n(via systemic inflammation), homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes instant trigger points) radiculopathy, infections and health issues such as smoking. Trigger points form only in muscles. They form as a local contraction in a small number of muscle fibers in a larger muscle or muscle bundle. These in turn can pull on tendons and ligaments associated with the muscle and can cause pain deep within a joint where there are no muscles. The integrated", "id": "3425125" }, { "contents": "Lagrangian point\n\n\nfive positions in space where a third body, of comparatively negligible mass, could be placed so as to maintain its position relative to the two massive bodies. As seen in a rotating reference frame that matches the angular velocity of the two co-orbiting bodies, the gravitational fields of two massive bodies combined providing the centripetal force at the Lagrangian points, allowing the smaller third body to be relatively stationary with respect to the first two. The location of L is the solution to the following equation, gravitation providing the centripetal force", "id": "18665158" }, { "contents": "Primate basal ganglia\n\n\ncell bodies or somata, or trigger points) sending their axons through their particular thalamic territories (or nuclei) to one determined cortical target are organized into radial bands. These were assested to be totally representative of the pallidal organisation. This is certainly not the case. Pallidum is precisely one cerebral place where there is a dramatic change between one afferent geometry and a completely different efferent one. The inmap and the outmap are totally different. This is an indication of the fundamental role of the pallidonigral set: the spatial reorganisation of", "id": "1032192" }, { "contents": "Apsis\n\n\n, asteroids, etc., (see table, top figure).) According to Newton's laws of motion all periodic orbits are ellipses, including: 1) the single orbital ellipse, where the primary body is fixed at one focus point and the planetary body orbits around that focus (see top figure); and 2) the two-body system of interacting elliptic orbits: both bodies orbit their joint center of mass (or barycenter), which is located at a focus point that is common to both ellipses", "id": "6103685" }, { "contents": "Observer (video game)\n\n\noff to live in tenement buildings. One morning, Observer detective Daniel Lazarski receives a call from his estranged son Adam, whose caller ID is traced to a tenement building. Locating Adam's apartment, Daniel discovers a body missing its head. He scans a ComPass implant and sees a missed call from \"H.N.\" Checking the tenant log, he learns the initials belong to Helena Nowak who lives in apartment 104. At this point, a lockdown has been triggered. In apartment 104, Daniel finds a moribund man called Amir", "id": "21991347" }, { "contents": "Cre-Lox recombination\n\n\nbranch point of the junction (where the strands cross over) would be located at the first cleavage site. Migration of the branch point to the second cleavage site would then somehow trigger the second half of the pathway. This model provided convenient explanation for the strict requirement for homology between recombining sites, since branch migration would stall at a mismatch and would not allow the second strand exchange to occur. In more recent years, however, this view has been challenged, and most of the current models for Int, Xer,", "id": "8348057" }, { "contents": "Newton–Euler equations\n\n\n's center of mass, they can be expressed in matrix form as: where With respect to a coordinate frame located at point P that is fixed in the body and \"not\" coincident with the center of mass, the equations assume the more complex form: where c is the location of the center of mass expressed in the body-fixed frame, and denote skew-symmetric cross product matrices. The left hand side of the equation—which includes the sum of external forces, and the sum of external moments about", "id": "15746372" }, { "contents": "Axon hillock\n\n\nThe axon hillock is a specialized part of the cell body (or soma) of a neuron that connects to the axon. It can be identified using light microscopy from its appearance and location in a neuron and from its sparse distribution of Nissl substance. The axon hillock is the last site in the soma where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs are summated before being transmitted to the axon. For many years, it was believed that the axon hillock was the usual site of initiation of action potentials—the trigger zone. It", "id": "18560202" }, { "contents": "Deus Ex: Invisible War\n\n\ntriggered a worldwide period of war and depression dubbed the \"Collapse\". Following the Collapse, major capitals organize themselves into city states, creating walled enclaves where the population can be watched and expansion is closely controlled. The story moves between a variety of locations across the world, starting in Seattle and moving on to Cairo, Trier and Antarctica. A recurring feature are \"Augmentations\", advanced nanotechnologies that enhance the human body; the type used in \"Invisible War\" are dubbed \"biomods\". The main protagonist is", "id": "4608559" }, { "contents": "Continuum mechanics\n\n\nquantity (mass, momentum, energy) in a volume must arise from three causes: Let formula_124 be the body (an open subset of Euclidean space) and let formula_125 be its surface (the boundary of formula_124). Let the motion of material points in the body be described by the map where formula_128 is the position of a point in the initial configuration and formula_129 is the location of the same point in the deformed configuration. The deformation gradient is given by Let formula_131 be a physical quantity that is flowing through the", "id": "6127758" }, { "contents": "Golden Dragon massacre\n\n\nhe put what he thought was an unloaded gun to her head as she was sleeping and pulled the trigger. Although he had removed the clip, he neglected to check the firing chamber, which was still loaded with a live round when he shot her at point-blank range. To cover the crime, he scattered pieces of the weapon in San Francisco Bay and dumped her body near Stinson Beach, where it was discovered on January 1, 1977, but not identified until November 1977. Michael Louie pleaded guilty to voluntary", "id": "1884950" }, { "contents": "Common roach\n\n\na wider diet. The roach can adapt to environments where invertebrates are scarce by slowing their growth, maintaining slender body shapes, and early maturation. The spawning season is generally from March to June, with some variation due to spawning being triggered by the rising of water temperature during spring and summer. Roach generally spawn at the same location each year. Large males form schools, which females enter. Males trail the females and fertilize their eggs. The behaviour is rough and the fish often jump out of the water. A", "id": "14937332" }, { "contents": "Seibu Keisatsu Special\n\n\nchases that destroy several police cars. Meanwhile, Naomi finds the body of her late father and superior and cries over it, but his death is not in vain as he was able to write on his hand the words \"Marine Express\", a ferry where the second bomb is planted. While the remaining members go after Suzuki, Niimii and their cronies, Naomi locates the bomb. She is forced to remove her gear due to a laser scanner system that will trigger the bomb. After following them to a quarry,", "id": "18793214" }, { "contents": "Hypersonic flight\n\n\nand then glided for 10 minutes on its last flight in 2004. The Boeing X-51 Waverider flew on scramjet for 210 seconds in 2013, finally reaching Mach 5.1 on its fourth flight test. The stagnation point of air flowing around a body is a point where its local velocity is zero. At this point the air flows around this location. A shock wave forms, which deflects the air from the stagnation point and insulates the flight body from the atmosphere. This can affect the lifting ability of a flight surface to counteract its", "id": "15870038" }, { "contents": "Nathaniel Stern\n\n\n— whether publicly or privately. His pieces attempt to \"get people to move in ways they normally wouldn't,\" and accent said movements in relation to their surroundings. His installation, \"enter:hektor\", for example, asks participants to chase projected words with their arms and bodies in order to trigger spoken word in the space, and his subsequent piece, \"stuttering\", floods the interaction area with too many trigger points, pushing its viewers \"not to interact.\" His early (2005) and", "id": "15272557" }, { "contents": "Shivering\n\n\nShivering (also called shaking) is a bodily function in response to cold in warm-blooded animals. When the core body temperature drops, the shivering reflex is triggered to maintain homeostasis. Skeletal muscles begin to shake in small movements, creating warmth by expending energy. Shivering can also be a response to a fever, as a person may feel cold. During fever the hypothalamic set point for temperature is raised. The increased set point causes the body temperature to rise (pyrexia), but also makes the patient feel cold", "id": "18007108" }, { "contents": "Danika (film)\n\n\n, her psychiatrist. The movie begins with Danika apologizing for being late, being scolded by her bank manager about incorrect calculations. Her manager leaves the office, instructing Danika to remain there until errors are corrected. Danika then witnesses a bank robbery in progress with two trigger-happy robbers shooting anyone who moves. The alarm activates, and the robbers force Danika's boss to tell them where the security monitors are located. The manager points to her office where a shivering Danika seeks shelter in a corner. As the door opens", "id": "13998347" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nis a heat differential in the local area of a trigger point. A 2007 review of diagnostic criteria used in studies of trigger points concluded that A 2009 review of nine studies examining the reliability of trigger point diagnosis found that physical examination could not be recommended as reliable for the diagnosis of trigger points. A 2008 review in \"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation\" of two recent studies concludes they present findings that can reduce some of the controversy surrounding the cause and identification of myofascial trigger points (MTPs). The study by", "id": "3425129" }, { "contents": "ALICE experiment\n\n\nshape of colliding beams and therefore the luminosity delivered to the experiment. ALICE T0 serves as a start, trigger and luminosity detector for ALICE. The accurate interaction time (START) serves as the reference signal for the Time-of-Flight detector that is used for particle identification. T0 supplies five different trigger signals to the Central Trigger Processor. The most important of these is the T0 vertex providing prompt and accurate confirmation of the location of the primary interaction point along the beam axis within the set boundaries. The detector is", "id": "5866783" }, { "contents": "Center of pressure (fluid mechanics)\n\n\nThe center of pressure is the point where the total sum of a pressure field acts on a body, causing a force to act through that point. The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the value of the integrated vectorial pressure field. The resultant force and center of pressure location produce equivalent force and moment on the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both static and dynamic fluid mechanics. Specification of the center of pressure, the reference point from which the center of pressure is referenced", "id": "13605221" }, { "contents": "VS-JAP mine\n\n\nThe VS-JAP (Valsella Jumping Anti-Personnel) is an Italian bounding anti-personnel mine. It is the latest of the Valmara family of bounding mines that includes the Valmara 59 and Valmara 69. The mine has a waterproof plastic faceted cylindrical body with a three-pronged cap, with a central fixing point for a tripwire. The fuze is triggered via downward (someone treading on the mine) or sideways (pulling a tripwire) pressure. When the mine is triggered a small propellant charge in the base launches", "id": "2871278" }, { "contents": "Human chorionic gonadotropin\n\n\n, that mimic the body's natural testosterone, trigger the hypothalamus to shut down its production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. Without GnRH, the pituitary gland stops releasing luteinizing hormone (LH). LH normally travels from the pituitary via the blood stream to the testes, where it triggers the production and release of testosterone. Without LH, the testes shut down their production of testosterone. In males, HCG helps restore and maintain testosterone production in the testes by mimicking LH and triggering the production and", "id": "7574386" }, { "contents": "Dry needling\n\n\nof trigger points for persons with myofascial pain syndrome, dry needling is an invasive procedure in which a filiform needle is inserted into the skin and muscle directly at a myofascial trigger point. A myofascial trigger point consists of multiple, hyperirritable contraction knots related to the production and maintenance of the pain cycle; essentially, myofascial trigger points will generate much local pain upon stimulation or irritation. Deep dry needling for treating trigger points was first introduced by Czech physician Karel Lewit in 1979. Lewit had noticed that the success of injections into trigger", "id": "18933194" }, { "contents": "Tipping points in the climate system\n\n\nnow absorbs a lot of carbon, might switch to a state where it does not do this anymore. Climate change can trigger regional tipping points as well. Examples are the disappearance of Arctic sea ice, the establishment of woody species in tundra, permafrost loss, the collapse of the monsoon of South Asia and a strengthening of the West African monsoon which would lead to greening of the Sahara and Sahel. Deforestation may trigger a tipping point in rainforests (i.e. Savannization in the Amazon rainforest, ...). As rain forests recycle", "id": "18332567" }, { "contents": "Buckaroo!\n\n\naccumulated items (the toy has a spring mechanism that is triggered by significant vibration). The player who triggered this buck is knocked out of the game, and play resumes. The winner is the last player remaining in the game. In the (unlikely) event that a player manages to place the last item onto the mule's back without it bucking, that player is the winner. The toy has three sensitivity levels that are adjustable via a switch located on the side of the mule's body, under the blanket", "id": "17021085" }, { "contents": "Tentacled snake\n\n\nbody posterior to the neck. This disturbance triggers an escape reflex in the fish called the C-start, in which the fish contorts its body into a \"C\" shape. Normally at this point the fish would swim quickly away from the disturbance by quickly straightening its body, but the snake grabs it, usually by the head, anticipating its movement. The snake catches fish by tricking them into reflexively attempting to escape in the wrong direction. Unlike most predators, the snake doesn’t aim for the fish’s initial", "id": "2922751" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\n. Pain is also common after a massage if the practitioner uses pressure on unnoticed latent or active trigger points, or is not skilled in myofascial trigger point therapy. Researchers of evidence-based medicine concluded as of 2001 that evidence for the usefulness of trigger points in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia is thin. More recently, an association has been made between fibromyalgia tender points and active trigger points. Injections without anesthetics, or dry needling, and injections including saline, local anesthetics such as procaine hydrochloride (Novocain) or articaine without vasoconstrictors", "id": "3425138" }, { "contents": "Mantle plume\n\n\nall of which can contribute to permitting surface volcanism, are recognised: In addition to these processes, impact events such as ones that created the Addams crater on Venus and the Sudbury Igneous Complex in Canada are known to have caused melting and volcanism. In the impact hypothesis, it is proposed that some regions of hotspot volcanism can be triggered by certain large-body oceanic impacts which are able to penetrate the thinner oceanic lithosphere, and flood basalt volcanism can be triggered by converging seismic energy focused at the antipodal point opposite major impact", "id": "9419582" }, { "contents": "Sega Lock-On\n\n\n. A second trigger called the high power button is located on the left hand side of the gun and when pressed gives a quick tone indicating that a high powered shot is ready. If, within a few seconds, the main trigger is then pressed, a high power shot would be fired. This high power shot would take off three hit points from a headset, whereas a normal shot would take off one. When turned on, each headset would start at nine hit points and when shot would count down and display", "id": "3559496" }, { "contents": "Spatial acceleration\n\n\nmeasure velocity and/or accelerations on a fixed locate inside a testing apparatus. Consider a moving rigid body and the velocity of a particle/point \"P\" along the body being a function of the position and velocity of a center particle/point \"C\" and the angular velocity formula_1. The linear velocity vector formula_2 at \"P\" is expressed in terms of the velocity vector formula_3 at \"C\" as: formula_4 where formula_1 is the angular velocity vector. The material acceleration at \"P\" is: \\vec a_P =", "id": "6937961" }, { "contents": "Anachronox\n\n\n, and lip-synching. Facial deformation involved moving the vertices of a character's face, thereby creating emotional expressions and body language. Developers built the first models in Lightwave; the main characters had polygon counts of 500-700. By the end of 1997, Hall had scripted interaction with 130 non-player characters for 160 planned locations. Hall cited \"Chrono Trigger\" as a strong influence; previewers drew parallels with the \"Final Fantasy\" series and \"Ultima III\". As in \"Chrono Trigger\",", "id": "20326693" }, { "contents": "Inertial frame of reference\n\n\nlooks the same as in an inertial frame, but now the force F′ is the resultant of not only F, but also additional terms (the paragraph following this equation presents the main points without detailed mathematics): where the angular rotation of the frame is expressed by the vector Ω pointing in the direction of the axis of rotation, and with magnitude equal to the angular rate of rotation \"Ω\", symbol × denotes the vector cross product, vector x locates the body and vector v is the velocity of the body", "id": "14951915" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nathletic trainers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, acupuncturists, massage therapists and structural integrators are also aware of these ideas and many of them make use of trigger points in their clinical work as well. The term \"trigger point\" was coined in 1942 by Dr. Janet Travell to describe a clinical finding with the following characteristics: Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress", "id": "3425124" }, { "contents": "Hippocampal replay\n\n\nthe encoding of future events. Sensory stimuli can induce replay events or enhance the replay: in the awake state, replay often begins from the current location and continue either forward or backward in time, and nearby locations are more likely to be the place fields of neurons exhibiting replay than far away locations. This is like cued memory retrieval, where a sensory input triggers retrieval of similar or relevant memories. The cue may even trigger a replay in a different environment, if the place cells cued represent a location in a different", "id": "6614355" }, { "contents": "Immersive journalism\n\n\nthe participant will see their avatar as if it were actually their own body and they will be offered a first-person point of view. Ideally, depending on the extent of body tracking, the movements of the virtual body will match those of the movements on the person’s real body. The news story can be constructed to control how the participant may enter the story: as oneself, a visitor gaining first-hand access to a virtual version of the location where the story is occurring, or through the perspective of", "id": "1063049" }, { "contents": "Native title prescribed body corporate\n\n\nAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) Act 2006\" (\"CATSI Act\"). Once registered by the National Native Title Tribunal (NNTT) as required by the \"Native Title Act 1993\", they are technically known as registered native title bodies corporate (RNTBCs). It is at this point that their statutory obligations under the \"Native Title Act 1993\" and the \"Native Title (Prescribed Bodies Corporate) Regulations 1999\" are triggered. In some instances, native title claim groups will create a new organisation whose sole", "id": "14614402" }, { "contents": "Zero-velocity surface\n\n\nproblem, the four-body problem with solar wind drag, or in rings. The zero-velocity surface is also an important parameter in finding Lagrange points. These points correspond to locations where the apparent potential in the rotating coordinate system is extremal. This corresponds to places where the zero-velocity surfaces pinch and develop holes as formula_6 is changed. Since trajectories are confined by the surfaces, a trajectory that seeks to escape (or enter) a region with minimal energy will typically pass close to the Lagrange point, which", "id": "12372407" }, { "contents": "Center of lateral resistance\n\n\nThe center of lateral resistance is the center of pressure of the hydrodynamic forces on the hull of a boat. The center of pressure is the point on a body where the total sum of a pressure field acts, causing a force and no moment about that point. The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the value of the integrated vectorial pressure field. The resultant force and center of pressure location produce equivalent force and moment on the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both static and", "id": "17413391" }, { "contents": "Statute of frauds\n\n\nother specific law, stating that a contract for the sale of such property where the purchase price exceeds $500 is not enforceable unless memorialized by a signed writing. The most recent UCC revision increases the triggering point for the UCC Statute of Frauds to $5,000, but states have been slow to amend their versions of the statute to increase the trigger point. For purposes of the UCC, a defendant who admits the existence of the contract in his pleadings, under oath in a deposition or affidavit, or at trial, may", "id": "9508891" }, { "contents": "Security alarm\n\n\nby detecting the heat energy given off by other objects. Strictly speaking, PIR sensors do not detect motion; rather, they detect abrupt changes in temperature at a given point. As an intruder walks in front of the sensor, the temperature at that point will rise from room temperature to body temperature, and then back again. This quick change triggers the detection. PIR sensors may be designed to be wall- or ceiling-mounted, and come in various fields of view, from narrow-point detectors to 360-degree fields.", "id": "10242377" }, { "contents": "Aspect-oriented software development\n\n\n(and by the base) may be controlled in a variety of ways, including: More general ways to describe the ordering of advice bodies in terms of partial-order graphs have also been provided. When the execution of a join point satisfies a pointcut expression, the base and advice code associated with the join point are executed. The advice may interact with the rest system through a join point instance containing reflective information on the context of the event that triggered the advice, such as the arguments of a method call or", "id": "1178108" }, { "contents": "Body Forward\n\n\n, a team competes on each field with their robot to earn up to 400 points manipulating the mission models. One of the mission models, the \"Mechanical Arm Patent\", straddles both fields in the center. This model can earn points for either team, or both in the rare circumstance of simultaneous triggering. The \"touch penalty objects\" are red blood cell models. All 11 are worth 5 points each anywhere on the field, but are removed every time the robot is touched outside of \"base\". All", "id": "4155525" }, { "contents": "Human bycatch\n\n\nwhen triggered. Researchers may use a device and software that automatically detect a certain trigger event, such as a specific bird call or gunshot. By using acoustic location technology, law enforcement can locate the approximate location of the gunshot, and use that to pursue poachers. Anyone in the vicinity of these sound recorders may unknowingly have their conversations and activities recorded. Most states in the US have wire-tapping laws that require consent of one or all parties for certain types of conversations to be recorded; ones where there is a", "id": "11547843" }, { "contents": "Little Chalfont\n\n\nLittle Chalfont is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is one of a group of villages known collectively as The Chalfonts, which also comprises Chalfont St Giles and Chalfont St Peter. Little Chalfont is located around east of Amersham and northwest of Charing Cross, central London. Little Chalfont is a 20th-century creation triggered by the coming of the Metropolitan Railway. A station called Chalfont Road was opened in 1889 at the northernmost point of Chalfont St Giles Parish where the parishes of Amersham,", "id": "12266580" }, { "contents": "Airbrush\n\n\nusually classified by three characteristics. The first characteristic is the action performed by the user to trigger the paint flow while the second is the mechanism for feeding the paint into the airbrush and the third is the point at which the paint and air mix. The simplest airbrushes work with a \"single-action\" mechanism where the depression of the trigger actuates air flow through the airbrush. The airbrush's color flow and spray pattern are adjusted separately from the trigger action. This is done through an adjustment of the airbrush's needle", "id": "1927442" }, { "contents": "Deer gun\n\n\npulled until cocked. The aluminium trigger had no trigger guard. The Deer gun was loaded by removing the barrel and placing a 9 mm cartridge in the chamber. The striker was then cocked, and a small plastic clip placed around the striker to impede the forward motion of the striker to prevent accidental discharge. The barrel was then screwed back onto the receiver. The gun was fired by removing the plastic clip, placing it on the barrel where it would become the sight, and pulling the trigger. At this point the", "id": "4723334" }, { "contents": "Hypoxic ventilatory response\n\n\nHVR is initiated by the carotid bodies, which are bilaterally located at the port of brain circulation. Carotid bodies contain oxygen-sensitive cells that become more active in response to hypoxia. They send input to the brainstem which is then processed by respiratory centers. Other mechanisms include hypoxia-inducible factors, particularly \"HIF1\". Hormonal changes have also been associated with HVR, particularly those that affect the functioning of the carotid bodies. As HVR is a response to decreased oxygen availability, it shares the same environmental triggers as hypoxia", "id": "13769539" }, { "contents": "Logic analyzer\n\n\nTCP/IP stack and triggering on a certain HTTP packet). At this point, the user sets the analyzer to \"run\" mode, either triggering once, or repeatedly triggering. Once the data are captured, they can be displayed several ways, from the simple (showing waveforms or state listings) to the complex (showing decoded Ethernet protocol traffic). Some analyzers can also operate in a \"compare\" mode, where they compare each captured data set to a previously recorded data set, and halt capture or", "id": "19037438" }, { "contents": "Spawning trigger\n\n\nsynchronise their breeding, making it more probable that individual fish will find a mate. However, many fish do not respond to specific spawning triggers and will breed either constantly (e.g., guppies); at specific times of the year (e.g., grunion); or only at a certain point in their life cycle (e.g., eels). Aquarists can sometimes trigger spawning by duplicating the natural conditions where fish would breed. Raising the water temperature, lowering the water level, and feeding mosquito larvae are examples of things that", "id": "810842" }, { "contents": "Somatotopic arrangement\n\n\nSomatotopy is the point-for-point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system. Typically, the area of the body corresponds to a point on the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus). This cortex is typically represented as a sensory homunculus which orients the specific body parts and their respective locations upon the homunculus. Areas such as the appendages, digits, penis, and face can draw their sensory locations upon the somatosensory cortex. The areas which are finely controlled (e.g.,", "id": "2424052" }, { "contents": "Accurizing\n\n\nindividual preferences vary; some shooters prefer a \"soft\" break, where there is a smooth but discernible amount of trigger travel during firing, while others prefer a \"crisp\" break, with a heavier weight and little or no discernible movement. The overtravel can be the most critical factor in the trigger pull, as any movement caused at this point will happen as the shot is fired. This is especially important with firearms where there is a sudden release of resistance when the sear breaks, such as in double-action", "id": "18318658" }, { "contents": "Murder of David Reed\n\n\nat this point. Fry, intimidated by the older boy's larger stature, left. Fry did not participate in the actual murder and cover-up of the murder that followed. Years later, he admitted to police that he had had no idea of Reed's death until Reed's body was discovered. Geiger then carried Reed's body a few hundred yards into the surrounding woods in Cressona where he left the body. The location of Reed's body was less than 100 yards from the Reed's home, however the", "id": "3818814" }, { "contents": "Karl Schwarzschild\n\n\nc\" is the speed of light in a vacuum. In cases where the radius of the central body is less than the Schwarzschild radius, formula_16 represents the radius within which all massive bodies, and even photons, must inevitably fall into the central body (ignoring quantum tunnelling effects near the boundary). When the mass density of this central body exceeds a particular limit, it triggers a gravitational collapse which, if it occurs with spherical symmetry, produces what is known as a Schwarzschild black hole. This occurs, for example", "id": "21640678" }, { "contents": "Management of chronic headaches\n\n\nmay be triggering headaches. In physical therapy, the patient must take an active role to practice exercises and make changes to his or her lifestyle for there to be improvement. Another non-medicinal treatment, which does not require at-home exercises, is acupuncture. Acupuncture involves a certified acupuncturist picking particular points on the body to insert acupuncture needles; these points may differ on an individual basis. With chronic headache patients, the acupuncturist may needle \"tender points at or near the site of maximal headache pain\". A", "id": "13847019" }, { "contents": "Fever\n\n\nFever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point. There is not a single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using values between . The increase in set point triggers increased muscle contractions and causes a feeling of cold. This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat. When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes flushed, and may begin to", "id": "2303699" }, { "contents": "Rigid body dynamics\n\n\nand If R is chosen as the center of mass these equations simplify to To specialize these formulas to a rigid body, assume the particles are rigidly connected to each other so P, i=1...,n are located by the coordinates r and velocities v. Select a reference point R and compute the relative position and velocity vectors, where ω is the angular velocity of the system. The linear momentum and angular momentum of this rigid system measured relative to the center of mass R is These equations simplify to become, where M is the", "id": "14692131" }, { "contents": "Migraine treatment\n\n\nhas been identified in the nose of patients who have significant nasal septum deviation with enlargement of the turbinates. The nasal trigger points where enlarged turbinates are in contact with the nasal septum are addressed with a septoplasty and a turbinectomy. Trigger point release is only carried out for patients who respond favorably to intramuscular injections of Botulinum toxin. This removes the guesswork, as the surgery is only carried out when a positive diagnosis has been made. There is significant evidence that a link exists between migraine with aura and the presence of a patent", "id": "85159" }, { "contents": "Achiltibuie\n\n\nbody of St Ayles class coastal rowing around the world. The Roman epic movie \"The Eagle\", based on the 1954 novel \"The Eagle of the Ninth\" by Rosemary Sutcliff, was filmed on location in Achiltibuie for a week in October 2009. The main location was Fox Point, Old Dornie. The Pictish village which was constructed at Fox Point was used on most days of the filming. Other sites included Achnahaird beach where a horse chase was filmed and Loch Lurgainn. The village and its residents featured in \"", "id": "2949760" }, { "contents": "Gravitational acceleration\n\n\nan attractive force. In that way, the force acting upon the smaller mass can be calculated as: where formula_10 is the force vector, formula_11 is the smaller mass, and formula_12 is a vector pointing toward the larger body. Note that formula_12 has units of acceleration and is a vector function of location relative to the large body, independent of the magnitude (or even the presence) of the smaller mass. This model represents the \"far-field\" gravitational acceleration associated with a massive body. When the dimensions of", "id": "20519049" }, { "contents": "In the Name of Love: A Texas Tragedy\n\n\nLuke's house and finds him drunk and brandishing a gun. Luke threatens to shoot Laurette; she tells him to go ahead and kill her - he pulls the trigger, killing her with one shot. After Laurette dies, Luke somehow manages to get her body out of the house and to a remote location on his family's property. After placing Laurette's dead body on top of gathered branches and twigs, he lights it all on fire and watches Laurette's body burn. He momentarily considers killing himself, but is", "id": "3249456" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nestimate that in 75–95 percent of cases, myofascial pain is a primary cause of regional pain. Myofascial pain is associated with muscle tenderness that arises from trigger points, focal points of tenderness, a few millimeters in diameter, found at multiple sites in a muscle and the fascia of muscle tissue. Biopsy tests found that trigger points were hyperirritable and electrically active muscle spindles in general muscle tissue. The misdiagnosis of pain is the most important issue taken up by Travell and Simons. Referred pain from trigger points mimics the symptoms of a", "id": "3425133" }, { "contents": "Neural therapy\n\n\nglands, trigger points, and other tissues\". The idea underlying the therapy is that \"interference fields\" (\"Störfelder\") at certain sites of the body are responsible for a type of electric energy that causes illness. The fields can be disrupted by injection, allowing the body to heal. The practice originated in 1925 when Ferdinand Huneke, a German surgeon, used a newly launched pain drug that contained procaine (a local anaesthetic) on his sister who had severe intractable migraines. Instead of using it intramuscularly as", "id": "20873766" }, { "contents": "GP-25\n\n\nAK-series assault rifle, from where it is designed to be fired. A grenade is first muzzle loaded into the barrel, the weapon is aimed, then the self-cocking trigger is pulled to fire the weapon. This fires the percussion cap at the base of the grenade which triggers the nitrocellulose propellant inside the body of the grenade. The hot expanding gas from the propellant is forced through vents in the base of the grenade that move the grenade along the barrel, and at the same time force the driving band", "id": "16067868" }, { "contents": "Heathen (film)\n\n\nblock. Inside he finds Chloe, deeply upset after being attacked by the man and threatened. She is instructed to give William a message: the whereabouts of his brothers body. William and Chloe immediately embark on a car journey to the forest location where the man has instructed them to find the grave. Upon arriving, they are greeted by the mysterious man, Harry. Harry reveals his involvement in David's killing and points to where the body is buried. William attacks Harry and demands more information. Harry, bloodied and", "id": "16746615" }, { "contents": "Milutin Milanković\n\n\nan influence behaves as an elastic body. Using vector analysis he made a mathematical model of the Earth to create a theory of secular motion of the terrestrial poles. He derived the equation of secular trajectory of a terrestrial pole and also the equation of pole motion along this trajectory. The equations further led to a determination of the 25 most characteristic points with pole trajectories for both hemispheres. This mathematical calculation led Milanković to 16 important points from the past that form parts of early explorations; 8 points triggered future explorations. He drew", "id": "17645338" }, { "contents": "Myofascial trigger point\n\n\nMyofascial trigger points, also known as trigger points, are described as hyperirritable spots in the skeletal muscle. They are associated with palpable nodules in taut bands of muscle fibers. They are a topic of ongoing controversy, as there is limited data to inform a scientific understanding of the phenomenon. Accordingly, a formal acceptance of myofascial \"knots\" as an identifiable source of pain is more common among bodyworkers, physical therapists, chiropractors, and osteopathic practitioners. Nonetheless, the concept of trigger points provides a framework which may be used", "id": "3425121" }, { "contents": "Astra A-100\n\n\npull of its trigger to fire it; in this way it is similar to the SIG P22X series of pistols. The double-action trigger pull is relatively long and heavy, thereby precluding the need for a safety as the probability of an inadvertent discharge is low. The A-100 resembles the SIG P228 and is similar in overall size and dimension, but differs in several respects, the most visible being the location of the take-down/disassembly lever on the right side of the frame (from the shooter's point of", "id": "19307210" }, { "contents": "Murder of Rocío Wanninkhof\n\n\nperson to drag a body alone, it was believed that the body was dragged by at least two people, then left in a less exposed area of the vacant lot before the vehicle was brought in to transport the body to another location. \"Three or four days\" after the disappearance, a taxi driver came forward to say that the night of the crime, at 22:00, he dodged an off-road vehicle driving on the wrong lane at the exact point on the road where the running shoes were found. When", "id": "7448766" }, { "contents": "Type 4 70 mm AT Rocket Launcher\n\n\nthe left side while the loader was similarly positioned on the other side. The pistol grip and trigger mechanism were attached to the rear half of the launcher. A cable ran from the trigger to the rear of the launcher where the hammer was located. The hammer and firing pin was mounted on an arm. The arm was above the bore and out of the way of loading the rocket when it was in the cocked position. Pulling the trigger pulled the pin holding the arm in position and the arm swung around under spring", "id": "21734905" }, { "contents": "Center of pressure (fluid mechanics)\n\n\n, and the associated force vector allows the moment generated about any point to be computed by a translation from the reference point to the desired new point. It is common for the center of pressure to be located on the body, but in fluid flows it is possible for the pressure field to exert a moment on the body of such magnitude that the center of pressure is located outside the body. Since the forces of water on a dam are hydrostatic forces, they vary linearly with depth. The total force on the dam", "id": "13605222" }, { "contents": "Deus Ex: Mankind Divided\n\n\nbe bought from vendors or built from salvage in each area. Using salvage to craft new components requires blueprints discovered in the overworld. Adam can hack a variety of devices, with the hacking divided into two modes. The first has Adam hacking static devices such as computers, which triggers a minigame allowing players to capture points (nodes) and access a device. The second mode involves hacking devices such as laser traps and security robots, triggering an altered minigame where zones on a graph must be triggered to deactivate a device within", "id": "14182365" } ]

[ { "contents": "List of tied Twenty20 Internationals\n\n\n, when the bowl-out was announced; the 2007 \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\" reported that \"suddenly the evening took a madcap turn.\" The next tie, involving India and Pakistan, happened during the group stages of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. India won the resulting bowl-out, and were awarded two points, the equivalent of a win. In October 2008, the tie between Canada and Zimbabwe was the final international match to be decided by a bowl-out; Zimbabwe won 3–1. Two months", "id": "603077" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nand Pakistan met at Kingsmead Cricket Ground, Durban, South Africa. After India got to 141 for 9 in their twenty overs, a Misbah-ul-Haq run-out on the last ball of the game saw the match head into a bowl-out which India won 3–0 with Virender Sehwag, Harbhajan Singh and Robin Uthappa scoring for India. In the Super 8s, India lost to New Zealand by 10 runs. India then defeated England and host South Africa by 18 and 37 runs. Meanwhile, Pakistan beat Sri", "id": "14126113" }, { "contents": "Yuvraj Singh\n\n\nbetween 2000 and 2017 and played his first Test match in October 2003. He was the vice-captain of the Indian ODI team between 2007 and 2008. He was the Man of the Tournament in the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup, and one of the top performers at the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, both of which India won. In a match against England at the 2007 World Twenty20, he famously hit six sixes in one over bowled by Stuart Broad — a feat performed only three times previously in any form of senior", "id": "4724385" }, { "contents": "Limited overs cricket\n\n\nby Herschelle Gibbs of the South African cricket team when, in the 2007 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies, he hit 6 sixes in one over bowled by Daan van Bunge of the Netherlands. This record is shared by Yuvraj Singh of India who achieved this feat in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa, he hit 6 sixes in an over bowled by Stuart Broad of England. Sachin Tendulkar holds the record of being the first male cricketer to score a double century in ODIs (200 not out). He", "id": "3088088" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nThe 2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final was a Twenty20 International cricket match played between India and Pakistan at the Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa. Administered by the International Cricket Council (ICC) it was the culmination of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 which was the inaugural edition of the tournament. India won by defeating Pakistan by five runs. The teams had previously played each other in a Group-D match of the tournament, which was also won by India. In Group D, after initial games against Scotland, rivals India", "id": "14126112" }, { "contents": "Twenty20 International\n\n\nthis, the first international tournament was held in 2007 in South Africa; the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. That tournament was won by India, who defeated their close rivals Pakistan in the final. Writing for \"The Guardian\", Dilip Premachandran suggested that the competition's success meant that \"the format is here to stay\". The next tournament was scheduled for 2009, and it was decided that they would take place biannually (more frequently than the 50 over Cricket World Cup, which occurs once every four years).", "id": "20527367" }, { "contents": "2014 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nmatch was watched by 25,000 spectators. Prior to this match India and Sri Lanka played 5 times against each other in Twenty20s, where Sri Lanka won 3 times and India won 2 times. In 2010 ICC World Twenty20 these teams met each other where Sri Lanka beat India by 5 wickets in a last ball thriller. This was their only meeting in an ICC World Twenty20 until this match. India directly qualified for the super 10s. They started their tournament strongly. They won their first match against Pakistan very easily. They beat", "id": "13980633" }, { "contents": "Pakistan national cricket team\n\n\nthe third foreigner to take on the rôle. In the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, Pakistan exceeded expectations to reach the final but ended as runners-up, after losing the final to India in a nail-biting finish. On 25 October 2008, Intikhab Alam was named as a national coach of the team by the PCB. In the final at Lord's, the home of cricket in London, Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to bat. The first over was bowled by Mohammad Amir. After failing to score", "id": "1131678" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\n's second match. Kenya were then bowled out for 88 and lost by a record 172 runs. India and Pakistan played in the first ever World Twenty20 bowl-out. India's bowlers defeated Pakistan 3–0. This tournament's Super Eight format was designed such that the top 2 seeds from each group was pre-decided at the start of the tournament. The actual performance of the team in the Group Stage played no role in determining if the team qualified into Super Eight Group E or F. For example, in Group C", "id": "15321166" }, { "contents": "2010 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nThe 2010 ICC World Twenty20 Final was played between England and Australia at the Kensington Oval in Bridgetown, Barbados on 16 May 2010. This was the third ICC World Twenty20. England won the match by 7 wickets, its first World Twenty20 victory, and first ICC world championship for the cricket birthplace. England became the third team to win this title after India in 2007 and Pakistan in 2009 Prior to this match, England and Australia had played four times against each other in Twenty20s, where Australia won 2 matches and England won", "id": "20554646" }, { "contents": "Tim Southee\n\n\n56. He played in three of the ODIs but didn't bowl in the last of them (India's chase only lasted 22 overs), and took a combined 1/97. With the 2011 ICC World Cup starting in February, New Zealand only hosted one tour for the summer. Pakistan visited for three Twenty20s, two tests and six ODIs. Southee only missed one ODI, playing all the other matches. He became the third bowler (and second New Zealander) to take a hat-trick in a Twenty20 international,", "id": "20511992" }, { "contents": "India–Pakistan cricket rivalry\n\n\nSeptember 2012 during the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 competition in Sri Lanka. Kohl also holds the record for the most runs scored overall in matches between the two sides with 254 runs score in six innings. Pakistan's highest individual score was the 68 runs made by Mohammad Hafeez in December 2012. The best bowling performance in matches between the sides was the 4/18 taken by Mohammad Amir during the group stage meeting between the teams at the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa. India's best bowling performance was the 3/8 taken by Hardik", "id": "12305154" }, { "contents": "Shakib Al Hasan\n\n\n, scoring 27 runs, and bowled 13 overs without taking a wicket as the match ended in a draw. India won the Test series 1–0 and the ODI series 3–0. After the tour, Dav Whatmore resigned from his position as Bangladesh coach, and batsman Mohammad Ashraful replaced Habibul Bashar as captain. In September 2007, South Africa hosted the ICC World Twenty20. Victory against West Indies in the first round was enough to ensure Bangladesh's progression to the second round, although it was the only one of their five matches they", "id": "18462872" }, { "contents": "Harbhajan Singh\n\n\nwickets at 29.50 and an economy rate of 4.65 in five matches. Harbhajan returned to international cricket as part of India's squad for the ICC World Twenty20 tournament in South Africa in September 2007, which India won, having been rank outsiders at the start of the tournament with many senior players opting out of the competition. He played in all six of India's matches and totalled seven wickets at 26.00 and an economy rate of 7.91. In the opening pool match against Pakistan, Harbhajan hit the stumps in a bowl-out", "id": "18250327" }, { "contents": "2009 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\nseed from Group X and X2 is the second seed from Group X. The seedings were based on performance in the last ICC T20 (2007). If a non-seeded team knocks out a seeded team, the non-seeded team inherits the seed of the team it knocked out. In the final at Lord's, the home of cricket in London, Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to bat. The first over was bowled by Mohammad Amir. After failing to score off the first four balls – all short", "id": "5701757" }, { "contents": "Twenty20\n\n\nhad played in the first tournament, selected through the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One, a 50-over competition. In December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams. With six participants, two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money. The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009. The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in the West Indies in May", "id": "3296380" }, { "contents": "Bowl-out\n\n\n\" in International Twenty20 cricket, if a match ended with the scores level (either because both teams reached the same score after 20 overs, or the second team scored exactly the par score under the Duckworth-Lewis method), the tie was broken with a bowl-out. The first international bowl-out in a Twenty20 match took place on 16 February 2006, when New Zealand beat West Indies 3-0 in Auckland. A bowl-out was also used on 14 September 2007 when India beat Pakistan 3-", "id": "14264031" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\nThe 2007 ICC World Twenty20 was the inaugural Twenty20 International cricket world championship, contested in South Africa from 11 to 24 September 2007. Twelve teams took part in the thirteen-day tournament—the ten Test-playing nations and the finalists of the 2007 WCL Division One tournament: Kenya and Scotland. India won the tournament, beating Pakistan in the final. During the group stage and Super Eight, points were awarded to the teams as follows: In case of a tie (i.e., both teams score exactly the same number", "id": "15321162" }, { "contents": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final\n\n\ntournaments: the non-ICC World Championship of Cricket Final in 1985, and the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final. Prior to this match, the teams had met four times in the Champions Trophy and had two victories each. Pakistan's last win was in 2009; since then, India won seven games against Pakistan across ICC tournaments consecutively. Their most recent clash was on 4 June 2017, during the group stages of the ongoing Champions Trophy where India won by 124 runs (D/L method). Much of the", "id": "20520615" }, { "contents": "ICC T20 World Cup\n\n\nDecember 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams. With six participants, two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money. The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009. The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in West Indies in May 2010, where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets. The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West-Indies, by", "id": "5701573" }, { "contents": "Nuwan Kulasekara\n\n\nin 2014. In 2014, Kulasekara formed a formidable bowling partnership with Malinga and duo helped Sri Lanka to win 2014 ICC World Twenty20 by bowling difficult four overs at the death against strong Indian batting line up. During 2014 season, Sri Lanka won 20 ODIs out of 32 matches with 62.50% of winning percentage, where the bowling was dominated by Malinga and Kulasekara. In 2014, Sri Lanka went India for the ODI series. The series considered as a black mark in Sri Lanka cricketing history, where they suffered a 5", "id": "19550443" }, { "contents": "MS Dhoni\n\n\nMahendra Singh Dhoni ( born 7 July 1981), commonly known as MS Dhoni, is an Indian international cricketer who captained the Indian national team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2016 and in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014. Under his captaincy, India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2010 and 2016 Asia Cups, the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. A right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper, Dhoni is one of the highest run scorers in One", "id": "11815345" }, { "contents": "Twenty20\n\n\nthe cricket world. On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test-playing nations have a domestic cup competition. The inaugural ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final. Pakistan won the second tournament in 2009, and England won the title in the West Indies in 2010. West Indies won in 2012, with Sri Lanka winning the 2014 tournament. West Indies are the reigning champions, winning the 2016 competition, and in doing", "id": "3296367" }, { "contents": "History of the ICC T20 World Cup\n\n\nIn December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams. With six participants, two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money. The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009. The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in West Indies in May 2010, where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets. The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West-Indies,", "id": "14973319" }, { "contents": "Scotland national cricket team\n\n\nmatch was reduced slightly to 46 overs after a couple of brief showers, but India won by 7 wickets. Having reached the final of the World Cricket League earlier in the year, Scotland qualified to play in the Twenty20 World Championship held in South Africa. They lost by 51 runs to Pakistan in their first game, and did not get a chance to play their other Group D opponents India, as the game was washed out without a ball being bowled. In July 2008, Scotland played a tri-series against New", "id": "5537719" }, { "contents": "S. Sreesanth\n\n\n. The latter proved to be decisive in turning the match round in India's favour. His spell of 2-12 was named as the third-best T20I bowling performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters. In the final against Pakistan, Sreesanth proved expensive with the ball, but became the centre of Indian celebrations as he held on to the catch in the last over that ended Pakistan's innings and made India World Twenty20 champions. In August 2009, Sreesanth signed a deal to play for Warwickshire for the remainder of the", "id": "19066116" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nhis innings on eight. Settling down, Gautam Gambhir played his shots (he achieved top score for India with 75 from 54 balls including 8 fours and 2 sixes). On the other end, Yuvraj Singh was caught-out from a Umar Gul delivery to end the 63-run partnership. After MS Dhoni was bowled by Gul for 6, the innings slowed between over 14 to 18. Rohit Sharma made some late-order hitting which brought India to 157 for 5 in the twenty overs. For Pakistan, Gul was the", "id": "14126116" }, { "contents": "2009 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nThe 2009 ICC World Twenty20 Final was played between Sri Lanka and Pakistan at the Lord's in London on 21 June 2009. This was the 2nd ICC World Twenty20. Pakistan won the match by eight wickets, its first World Twenty20 victory, after being the runners-up at the very previous tournament at 2007 Pakistan became the 2nd team to win this title after India. This was the second consecutive time where both the finalists were Asian teams. In the stadium, the match was watched by 28,000 spectators and almost 32 million", "id": "8594977" }, { "contents": "2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20\n\n\nThe 2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20 was an international Twenty20 cricket tournament which was held in the West Indies from 5 May to 16 May 2010. The group stage matches were played at the Warner Park Sporting Complex on Saint Kitts. It was won by Australia, who defeated New Zealand in the final. Nicola Browne was named as player of the tournament. After captain Alex Blackwell elected to bat, but New Zealand started more effectively. Their opening fast bowler Nicola Browne bowled her quota of four overs straight through, taking 2/11", "id": "20287175" }, { "contents": "Hamid Hassan\n\n\nspecialist death bowler, bowling the final overs of most matches. He took wickets throughout the tournament and played an important role in Afghanistan’s wins over Scotland, the United States and the United Arab Emirates. Afghanistan won the tournament and qualified for the 2010 ICC World Twenty20, and Hassan himself took 12 wickets throughout the tournament at a bowling average of just 11.14. At the World Twenty20, Hassan was a standout both with the ball and, unusually, with the bat. In Afghanistan’s second and final match against South Africa", "id": "5861941" }, { "contents": "Chamara Kapugedera\n\n\nhim for the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 in West Indies, where his talents emerged again. The most notable knock came during the match with India on 11 May 2010, where Kapugedera sent India home with a last ball winning six on Ashish Nehra bowling. Sri Lanka needed three runs off the last ball, Kapugedera smashed a mighty shot over cover for six allowing the team for the victory. He scored unbeaten 37 runs in the match. He along with Chamara Silva set the record for the highest 6th wicket stand for Sri Lanka", "id": "10644903" }, { "contents": "2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier\n\n\nThe 2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier was the inaugural tournament of ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier and was played between 2 and 5 August 2008 in Stormont, Belfast in Northern Ireland. The top three played in the 2009 ICC World Twenty20, the international championship of Twenty20 cricket. The six competing teams were: Bermuda, Canada, Ireland, Kenya, The Netherlands and Scotland. The competition was won by Ireland and the Netherlands, who shared the trophy after rain forced the final to be abandoned without a ball bowled. Both teams qualified for", "id": "8292145" }, { "contents": "Sri Lanka national cricket team\n\n\ninnings and 175 runs. Sri Lanka registered their first ODI win against India at Manchester, England, in 16 June 1979. They also won the 1996 Cricket World Cup, co-champions in 2002 ICC Champions Trophy and also became five times Asian champions in 1986, 1997, 2004, 2008 and 2014. Sri Lanka played their first Twenty20 International (T20I) match at the Rose Bowl, on 15 June 2006, against England, winning the match by 2 runs. In 2014, they won the 2014 ICC World Twenty20", "id": "14559824" }, { "contents": "Mudassar Bukhari\n\n\nODIs against Canada national cricket team on 3 July 2007. On his debut matches Bukhari took 3 wicket of 8 over and 6 runs with the bats. In 2014 ICC World Twenty20, he took 3 for 12 to defeat England. He was later awarded the Man of the Match. Bukhari's best bowling performance in Twenty20 Internationals came on 3 February 2016 against UAE. He took 4 wickets from 7 runs and Netherlands won the match by a margin of 84 runs. Bukhari was adjudged man of the match as well. In", "id": "17708221" }, { "contents": "2018 Deaf T20 World Cup\n\n\nwith the Deaf International Cricket Council. In the final, Sri Lanka batted first and managed to score 145/9 in the 20 overs after being put into bat by India. India were bowled out for 109 runs in 17.5 overs as Sri Lanka claimed victorious for the first time in a major deaf cricket tournament. This was also the third major world cup triumph for Sri Lanka in cricket following the victories at the 1996 Cricket World Cup and 2014 ICC World Twenty20. Former Australian cricket who is also a global ambassador for Deaf movement Brett", "id": "17161478" }, { "contents": "Second Test, 2007–08 Border–Gavaskar Trophy\n\n\nin October 2007, Symonds, the only non-white Australian player, was subjected to monkey chants from some members of the Indian crowd at the fifth ODI in Vadodara. Before the start of the tour, Symonds had expressed his displeasure over the celebrations in India over the Twenty20 World Cup win preceding the series. The tournament was won by India after defeating Australia in the semi finals and Pakistan in the final, and they were given a ticker-tape parade in Mumbai upon their return home. In an interview after second", "id": "6721293" }, { "contents": "Dwayne Bravo\n\n\nof the West Indies squad for the 2015 Cricket World Cup in Australia and New Zealand. The West Indies struggled in his absence, especially in the bowling department. He then played in all of West Indies games at the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 in India, which the West Indies won. His high quality death bowling is considered to be one of the main reasons that the West Indies won the title. He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' by Cricbuzz. In May 2019, Cricket West Indies (CWI", "id": "19346369" }, { "contents": "History of the West Indian cricket team\n\n\n1995-2015, when the team never lost more than 4 matches by over an innings combined from 1966-1995. When Twenty20 cricket began to be contested full force beginning with the 2007 World Twenty20 in South Africa, the West Indies began to develop and realize an advantage of possessing and developing Richards-style batsmen who could devastate bowling attacks with power. As well, many West Indian batsmen put an emphasis on power to prepare for Twenty20 play as it offered them their most lucrative contracts. Foremost among the hard hitters was", "id": "1131440" }, { "contents": "India national cricket team\n\n\nfollowing which Dhoni was made the captain of the Twenty20 and ODI team. In September 2007, India won the first-ever Twenty20 World Cup held in South Africa, beating Pakistan by 5 runs in the final. In 2007–08, they toured Australia where India lost the highly controversial home Test series 2–1 but managed to win the CB series the following month with a whitewash final of Australia. In April 2009, India secured their first Test series win in New Zealand in 41 years. After beating Sri Lanka 2–0 in December 2009", "id": "17906755" }, { "contents": "2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Final\n\n\n132 for 6. To win England would have to achieve the highest winning run chase so far in the tournament. They came out strong and the opening partnership scored 67 runs at better than a run-a-ball. They needed just 17 runs from the final 10 balls to win, and 12 from the last over bowled by Rene Farrell, but fell short by five runs. Australia reached their fourth straight Twenty20 final, a match they have won three times previously. The West Indies first match off the tournament was", "id": "9439358" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads\n\n\nconcurrently to the World Twenty20 tournament. The winner of the Final was India. Second place went to Pakistan. Bangladesh announced their squad on 9 August 2007. South Africa announced their squad on 11 August 2007. Loots Bosman was ruled out of the competition with a lower back injury. Australia's T20 squad was announced on 20 July 2007. Shaun Tait was named in the original squad but was later ruled out after elbow surgery; he was replaced by Ben Hilfenhaus. The squad was generally the same as that which won the", "id": "20839549" }, { "contents": "2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20\n\n\nput on 41 from as many balls in partnership with Devine, who ended with 38 not out from 35 balls. However, they could not score quickly, with a total of only two fours and one six. In the 18th over, Browne was caught behind for 20 from Perry. Devine hit a four and a six from the last two balls of the 19th over bowled by Farrell to leave New Zealand requiring 14 runs from the last over, which Perry bowled. A single from the first ball put Devine on strike", "id": "20287181" }, { "contents": "Shahid Afridi\n\n\nthe second best ODI bowling figures of all time. In July 2014, he played for the Rest of the World side in the Bicentenary Celebration match at Lord's. Afridi announced his retirement from ODI cricket after 2015 Cricket World Cup. Pakistan lost to Australia in the quarter final and lost the tournament. In March 2016, Pakistan was eliminated from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 after losing to India, New Zealand and Australia. There were talks about this being Afridi's 'last Twenty20' and he said after the loss to", "id": "9071787" }, { "contents": "Anirudha Srikkanth\n\n\nthe following seasons but has enjoyed greater success in the limited-overs format and once topped the run charts for India Under-19s against the touring England U-19s in 2004-05. His record in the Twenty20 format too has been impressive, finishing the fourth-highest run-getter in the inter-state Twenty20 in 2007. That carried him into the list of 30 probables for the ICC World Twenty20 as well as the India Greens squad in the 2007-08 Challenger Trophy. He was later included in the Chennai Super Kings squad", "id": "1250995" }, { "contents": "2014 ICC World Twenty20 Knockouts\n\n\nstatistically there had been little between the two teams during the tournament. India, sent into bat by Sri Lanka after they won the toss, posted 130 runs in their 20 overs. Virat Kohli top scored with 77, but Yuvraj Singh's 11 runs off 21 balls slowed the innings momentum in the final overs. Sri Lanka reached 134 runs in 17.5 overs with the loss of 4 wickets. Kumar Sangakkara, playing his last Twenty20 international match, guided Sri Lanka home with an unbeaten 52 runs. Sangakkara was named Player of", "id": "14080028" }, { "contents": "Bowl-out\n\n\nintroduced the bowl-out should scores be tied in the semifinals and final of the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy or the 2007 Cricket World Cup, although it was not required to be used in either tournament. At the ICC Annual Conference 2008 it was decided that the bowl-out should be replaced by a one-over \"eliminator\" (also called a \"Super Over\") in the 2008 ICC Champions Trophy (postponed to 2009) and the 2009 ICC World Twenty20. Up until the introduction of the \"Super Over", "id": "14264030" }, { "contents": "History of the Sri Lankan cricket team\n\n\n, 1997, 2004, 2008 and 2014. Sri Lanka played their first Twenty20 International (T20I) match at the Rose Bowl, on 15 June 2006, against England, winning the match by 2 runs. In 2014, they won the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, defeating India by 6 wickets. As of 10 July 2018, Sri Lanka have played 108 T20I matches and won 54 of them; 52 were lost and 1 tied and 1 no result match as well. As of January 2016, Sri Lanka have faced all", "id": "8132661" }, { "contents": "Culture of India\n\n\nhas not declared any sport as the national game. At a time when it was especially popular, the India national field hockey team won the 1975 Men's Hockey World Cup, and 8 gold, 1 silver, and 2 bronze medals at the Olympic Games. However, field hockey in India no longer has the following that it once did. Cricket is considered the most popular sport in India. The India national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20,", "id": "5550225" }, { "contents": "Laura Marsh\n\n\n's World Cup in Sydney and finished the competition's top wicket-taker, with 16 wickets at 10.31. She opened the bowling for England in the Twenty20 World Championship in 2009, taking 6 for 68 in the tournament which England won by defeating New Zealand at Lords, and struck the winning runs off the last ball of the match to secure England's first victory over Australia in a One Day International series in 33 years in July 2009. She made her highest Test score of 38 in a last-wicket stand of", "id": "18919662" }, { "contents": "Pakistan\n\n\nthe Cricket World Cup held in 1992; it was runner-up once, in 1999. Pakistan was runner-up in the inaugural World Twenty20 (2007) in South Africa and won the World Twenty20 in England in 2009. In March 2009, militants attacked the touring Sri Lankan cricket team, after which no international cricket was played in Pakistan until May 2015, when the Zimbabwean team agreed to a tour. Pakistan also won the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy by defeating arch-rivals India in the final. Association Football is", "id": "3528097" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket centuries at the Wanderers Stadium\n\n\nStadium. This stadium also hosted one of the greatest One-Day International matches. The match was played between South Africa and Australia in which a world record score of 434 was chased down by South Africa. It hosted matches of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 including the first match and the final which was won by India, who defeated Pakistan. The following table summarises the Test centuries scored at the Wanderers. The following table summarises the One Day International centuries scored at the Wanderers. The following table summarises the Twenty20 International century", "id": "9019568" }, { "contents": "Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2009\n\n\nThe Indian cricket team toured the Caribbean from 26 June to 5 July 2009 for a four-match One Day International series against the West Indies. This tour was India's reciprocal tour of the Caribbean, after West Indies visited them in January 2007. The series was won 2–1 by India. India arrived in the Caribbean on the back of a strong performances in One Day Internationals (ODIs) having lost only three of their last 18 games. The team arrived two days after the World Twenty20 had ended, a tournament that", "id": "2779806" }, { "contents": "ICC T20 World Cup\n\n\noccasions. The inaugural event, the 2007 World Twenty20, was staged in South Africa, and won by India, who defeated Pakistan in the final at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. The 2009 tournament took place in England, and was won by the previous runner-up, Pakistan, who defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Lord's. The third tournament was held in 2010, hosted by the countries making up the West Indies cricket team. England defeated Australia in the final in Barbados, which was played at Kensington", "id": "5701564" }, { "contents": "R. P. Singh\n\n\nfrom the tournament. The spell was named the Best Twenty20 Bowling Performance of 2007 by ESPN Cricinfo. He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup. For his performances in 2007, he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo. Singh was then selected for India's one-day home series against Australia and Pakistan that followed, playing four games in each series and picking up a total of 11 wickets. In August 2011 RP Singh was called up to the", "id": "1019468" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads\n\n\nICC Cricket World Cup earlier in the year. England announced their squad on 6 August 2007. Ravi Bopara pulled out from the tournament on 4 September, after dislocating his thumb during a bowling spell in the ODI series against India. Three days later, James Anderson was announced to replace him. Ryan Sidebottom also withdrew after failing to recover from a side injury sustained during the third Test against India in early August: Dimitri Mascarenhas was called up as his replacement. Zimbabwe announced their squad on 14 August 2007. Tatenda Taibu returned", "id": "20839550" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\nof runs at the end of their respective innings), a bowl-out decided the winner. This was applicable in all stages of the tournament. The bowl-out was used to determine the result of only one game in this tournament – the Group D game between India and Pakistan on 14 September . Within each group (both group stage and Super Eight stage), teams were ranked against each other based on the following criteria: By finishing first and second in the 2007 WCL Division One, Kenya and Scotland qualified", "id": "15321163" }, { "contents": "Cricket in India\n\n\nin Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. India also shared a joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Championship, and went on to the finals in the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be beaten by Australia. In September 2007, India won the first ever Twenty20 World Cup held in South Africa, beating their arch-rivals Pakistan by 5 runs in a thrilling final. India won the Cricket World Cup in 2011 under the captainship of Mahendra Singh Dhoni, the first time since 1983 – they beat Sri", "id": "5425584" }, { "contents": "Pakistan national cricket team\n\n\nSouth Asia, has hosted the 1987 and 1996 World Cups, with the 1996 final being hosted at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore. The team has also played 142 Twenty20 Internationals, the most of any team, winning 90 losing 49 and tying 3. Pakistan won the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 and were runners-up in the inaugural tournament in 2007. Pakistan also won the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy for the first time, defeating India. Pakistan has the distinct achievement of having won each of the major ICC international cricket tournaments: ICC", "id": "1131661" }, { "contents": "Nicola Carey\n\n\nNicola Jane Carey (born 10 September 1993 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian cricketer. Carey plays for the Women's Big Bash League team Sydney Thunder. Carey was a member of the victorious Southern Stars squad that won the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 title in Sri Lanka. Carey was part of two ICC World Twenty20 in 2012 and in 2016. She made her Women's One Day International cricket (WODI) debut for Australia Women against India Women on 12 March 2018. Although she bowled well, and was", "id": "14061395" }, { "contents": "Arul Suppiah\n\n\na season for the first time in 2009 and was awarded his county cap during the final game of the 2009 County Championship season against Worcestershire. On 5 July 2011, Suppiah set a new world record for best Twenty20 bowling figures, recording 6 for 5 from 3.4 overs for Somerset against Glamorgan at Cardiff; this record endures as the best current Twenty20 bowling figures. He followed this up with a career best first-class innings of 156 against India, in the touring side's warm-up match before the Test series against", "id": "6936346" }, { "contents": "2012 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\nof the tournament, named \"Modern Spin\". The 2012 World Twenty20 is the fourth edition of the Twenty20 tournament. The first was hosted by South Africa in 2007, where India beat Pakistan in a thriller to become Twenty20 champions. Pakistan, the losing finalists in 2007, defeated Sri Lanka in 2009 tournament to become World T20 Champions, held in England. In 2010 England became the third World Twenty20 champions by beating Australia in the West Indies. The format is the same as the 2010 edition. The format has four", "id": "15697644" }, { "contents": "Twenty20 in England in 2005\n\n\nlast Ashes. (Cricinfo scorecard) International XI won by six wickets Despite South African international Shaun Pollock only bowling two of a possible four overs, Brian Lara again using plenty of bowlers as captainof the International XI, the Asia XI were bowled out for 157 thanks to patient bowling from the retired Adam Hollioake, who took three for 16 – the three wickets being a hat-trick of Rahul Dravid, Chaminda Vaas and Anil Kumble. Former Australian batsman Greg Blewett then smashed five sixes in a massive 91 not out, and", "id": "114571" }, { "contents": "R. P. Singh\n\n\nIn the one-day series he took seven wickets at 31.71 from five matches. Singh was selected to play in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 tournament in South Africa in September 2007. Singh emerged as the second-highest wicket-taker in the entire competition, taking 12 wickets in 7 matches at an average of 12.66 runs per wicket. India won the 12-nation tournament after beating Pakistan in the final. R.P. Singh's best figures were 4/13 in 4 overs in India's final Super-8 stage match in which they eliminated South Africa", "id": "1019467" }, { "contents": "2014 ICC World Twenty20 Knockouts\n\n\nThe Knockout stage of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 took place from 3 April to 6 April 2014. Defending champions the West Indies were knocked out in the first semi-final, while India defeated South Africa in the second semi-final. Sri Lanka and India had played each other over sixty times in the last seven years, with India winning the majority of the matches. During the tournament India was the only unbeaten team heading into the final, whereas Sri Lanka had lost a group match to England. Despite this,", "id": "14080027" }, { "contents": "India national cricket team\n\n\nIndia became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once, and the first cricket team to win the World Cup at home. It also won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, under the captaincy of MS Dhoni. It was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, along with Sri Lanka. , India is ranked first in Tests, second in ODIs and fifth in T20Is by the ICC. Virat Kohli is the current captain of the team", "id": "17906730" }, { "contents": "Twenty20\n\n\n2010, where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets. The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West Indies, by defeating Sri Lanka at the finals. It was the first time in cricket history when a T20 World Cup tournament took place in an Asian country. The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was won by Sri Lanka, by defeating India at the finals, where the tournament was held in Bangladesh. The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 was won by West-Indies, by defeating England at the finals, with the tournament held", "id": "3296381" }, { "contents": "Twenty20\n\n\n100 runs, a record victory which lasted until 2007. On 9 January 2006 Australia and South Africa met in the first international Twenty20 game in Australia. In a first, each player's nickname appeared on the back of his uniform, rather than his surname. The international match drew a crowd of 38,894 people at The Gabba. Australia convincingly won the match with man of the match Damien Martyn scoring 96 runs. On 16 February 2006 New Zealand defeated West Indies in a tie-breaking bowl-out 3–0; 126 runs", "id": "3296378" }, { "contents": "2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier\n\n\nOman qualified for a major ICC event and with their win over Namibia, they gained T20I status. The UAE and Nepal who made their debut in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 did not qualify, however the UAE did play in the 2016 Asia Cup which for the first time was played in a Twenty20 format. Scotland and the Netherlands shared the trophy after the final was abandoned without a ball being bowled due to rain. The Netherlands were the only associate nation to advance past the group stage in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 tournament", "id": "15499221" }, { "contents": "Rose Bowl (cricket ground)\n\n\nwinning the match by 100 runs. In 2006, England played another T20I against Sri Lanka, which England won, due in large to Marcus Trescothick's 72. The Rose Bowl hosted three further ODIs prior to the grounds redevelopment, hosting Pakistan in 2006, India in 2007 and Australia in 2009. The ground held Twenty20 Cup Finals Day in 2008, which saw Middlesex defeat Kent in front of a capacity crowd. Prior to the redevelopment, major matches such as this match and international matches were catered for by erecting temporary seating", "id": "9218315" }, { "contents": "Carlos Brathwaite\n\n\nsixes in the first four balls of the last over in the final of 2016 ICC World Twenty20 to enable the West Indies to win their second World Twenty20 title. This was his debut World Cup. He was the first player for the West Indies to hit four consecutive sixes in a T20I match. In August 2016, Brathwaite was named the captain of the West Indies team for their Twenty20 International matches against India in Florida later that month. On 8 March 2018, during the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier match against Papua New", "id": "15775472" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\na notable innings. A 21-run over from Sreesanth swung the game towards Pakistan. However, Irfan Pathan (3–16) and Joginder Sharma (2–20) slowed the scoring dramatically. With Pakistan needing 54 from 24 balls, Misbah-ul-Haq hit 3 sixes off Harbhajan Singh in one over. Sreesanth was also dispatched for 2 sixes but took the wicket of Sohail Tanvir, as Pakistan went into the last over needing 13 runs to win, with only 1 wicket remaining. Joginder Sharma bowled a wide first ball, followed by", "id": "15321169" }, { "contents": "Sport in India\n\n\nCricket World Cup (co-hosted with Pakistan and Sri Lanka), the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy and the 2011 Cricket World Cup (co-hosted with Sri Lanka and Bangladesh). The India national cricket team has won major tournaments, including the 1983 Cricket World Cup in England, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa, the 2011 Cricket World Cup (which they won by beating Sri Lanka in the final at home), and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and has shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with", "id": "18717649" }, { "contents": "Brad Hogg\n\n\nFebruary 2012, Hogg returned to international cricket at the Sydney Olympic Stadium in a Twenty20 international against India, returning figures of one wicket (that of Virat Kohli) for 21 runs from four overs. In the second match of the Twenty20 series at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, he took the wicket of Virender Sehwag in his first over, and ended up with bowling figures of 1/19. Hogg has since been selected for the 2014 Australian T20 World Cup team, plus the three games against Pakistan in Dubai in the leadup to that", "id": "19692889" }, { "contents": "List of United Arab Emirates Twenty20 International cricketers\n\n\nthe Netherlands, Ireland, and Zimbabwe. The team played further T20Is at the 2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier, but failed to qualify for the 2016 World Twenty20 tournament. This list comprises all members of the UAE cricket team who have played at least one T20I match. It is initially arranged in the order in which each player won his first Twenty20 cap. Where more than one player won his first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname. \"Last updated 16 March 2019. This list includes", "id": "11852278" }, { "contents": "2010 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\nThe 2010 ICC World Twenty20 was the third ICC World Twenty20 competition, an international Twenty20 cricket tournament that was held in the West Indies between 30 April and 16 May 2010. It was won by England, who defeated Australia in the final. Kevin Pietersen was named as player of the tournament. Although the tournament was held every two years beginning in 2007, the scheduled ICC Champions Trophy One Day International tournament to be held in the West Indies in 2010 was revised to a Twenty20 format because the 2008 Champions Trophy tournament in Pakistan", "id": "2678226" }, { "contents": "2013 Champions League Twenty20\n\n\nThe 2013 Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20) was the fifth edition of Champions League Twenty20, an international Twenty20 cricket tournament. It was held in India from 17 September to 6 October 2013. Sydney Sixers were the defending champions but they failed to qualify for the event. During the finals on 6 October 2013, in a re-match of the opening game, the Mumbai Indians won their 2nd CLT20 title after bowling out the Rajasthan Royals, defeating them by 33 runs. Domestic Twenty20 competitions faced several setbacks in 2013. The", "id": "984078" }, { "contents": "2009 Twenty20 Cup Final\n\n\nThe 2009 Twenty20 Cup Final was a cricket match between Somerset County Cricket Club and Sussex County Cricket Club played on 15 August 2009 at Edgbaston in Birmingham. It was the seventh final of the Twenty20 Cup, which was the first domestic Twenty20 competition between first-class sides. Somerset were making their second appearance in a Twenty 20 final, having won the competition in 2005. In contrast, the furthest that Sussex had previously progressed was the semi-finals in 2007. Somerset won the toss and elected to bowl first, and", "id": "15478842" }, { "contents": "Bowl-out\n\n\n0 during the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in Durban, South Africa. A bowl-out was first used to decide a domestic Twenty20 match when Surrey beat Warwickshire in July 2005. In some forms of domestic one-day cricket competition, a bowl-out is used to decide the result when the match is tied or rained out: for example, the quarterfinal of the Minor Counties Cricket Association Knockout Trophy in 2004, when Northumberland beat Cambridgeshire 4-2. In the 2009 Twenty20 Cup, Somerset beat Lancashire 5-1", "id": "14264032" }, { "contents": "Irfan Pathan\n\n\nIrfan Pathan () (; born 27 October 1984) is an Indian cricketer who plays all formats of the game. He is a bowling all rounder. He was an important member of 2007 ICC World Twenty20 winning squad of India. Beginning his career as a fast-medium swing and seam bowler, Pathan broke into the national team soon after turning 19, and evoked comparisons with Pakistan's Wasim Akram with his promising performances and prodigious swing. In early 2006, Pathan became the only bowler to take a Test hat-trick", "id": "9185097" }, { "contents": "Irfan Pathan\n\n\nout of the inaugural World Twenty20, Pathan was one of several younger players to regain national selection. India were not expected to do well in a format that favoured stronger fielding sides. In the first match, he scored 20 and took 2/20 in four overs as India tied with Pakistan in the first round, before winning in a bowl-out. He then took 0/16 as India lost to New Zealand before taking 3/37 in a defeat of England. India needed a win over hosts South Africa to reach the semi-final", "id": "9185163" }, { "contents": "Australian cricket team in 2007–08\n\n\ntaking 4/20, the best ever figures by an Australian in Twenty20 Internationals. Openers Adam Gilchrist and Matthew Hayden once again got the Australians off to a magnificent start, and guided them to a very comfortable 10 wicket victory, the first in the Twenty20 World Championship. As a result of this match, Australia finished second in Group F, and therefore qualified for the semi-finals where they would meet India. The semi-final stage of the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship saw Australia knocked out by eventual winners India. The Indians", "id": "5964211" }, { "contents": "Cricket in India\n\n\nCricket is the most popular sport in India by far, and is played almost everywhere. The Indian national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. The 2023 Cricket World Cup will be hosted by India. The domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy.", "id": "5425573" }, { "contents": "2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nmid-off. England lost their final two wickets in the last over, and were bowled out for 105. Only Wyatt and Knight reached double figures for England. In their reply, Australia started quickly; in the second over, bowled by Shrubsole, Healy hit three boundaries. She continued to score quickly, but was bowled by Ecclestone in the fifth over for 22. Despite being her lowest total of the tournament, Healy had scored at quicker than a-run-a-ball and had contributed the majority of", "id": "8109303" }, { "contents": "Twenty20\n\n\nwere scored apiece in the game proper. The game was the last international match played by Chris Cairns – NZC handed out life-size cardboard masks of his face to patrons as they entered the ground. Every two years an ICC World Twenty20 tournament is to take place, except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year, in which case it will be held the year before. The first tournament was in 2007 in South Africa where India defeated Pakistan in the final. Two Associate teams", "id": "3296379" }, { "contents": "Culture of Pakistan\n\n\nand 1994. The Pakistan national cricket team won the Cricket World Cup in 1992, were runners-up in 1999, and co-hosted the games in 1987 and 1996. Additionally, they have also won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009 and were runners-up in 2007. The team has also won the Austral-Asia Cup in 1986, 1990, and 1994. In 2017, Pakistan won the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy against their rival India. The women's team is yet to win a world cup. At", "id": "3084147" }, { "contents": "India–Pakistan cricket rivalry\n\n\nfive. The two-match series held in the UAE was tied, each team winning one match. The teams have only played one Twenty20 International series, a two match series played in 2012 as part of Pakistan's tour of India. Each team won one match, leaving the series drawn. The two sides have played each other eight times in Twenty20 Internationals (T20I). Five of these matches have taken place during T20 World Cups, including their meeting during the final of the 2007 competition, and one at the", "id": "12305152" }, { "contents": "2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series\n\n\nDhoni, Uthappa, Pathan and Harbhajan Singh. At one point India were 290/7 with 27 needed from 15 balls, but Brett Lee then took the last 3 wickets, India were all out for 299 after 49.1 overs. It was the highest ever score batting second at the SCG. India won the toss and elected to field on a cloudy day. Sri Lankans were bowled out for 179 after 47.1 overs. India beat Sri Lanka by 7 wickets, scoring 180 losing 3 wickets in 32.2 overs. India secured its place in", "id": "10885264" }, { "contents": "Ajay Lalcheta\n\n\nACC Twenty20 Cup, where Oman finished third to qualify for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in the United Arab Emirates. At the ACC Twenty20 Cup, he took eight wickets at an average of 12.00, behind only Aamer Kaleem and Hemal Mehta (10 wickets each) for Oman. Against Afghanistan, the eventual winner of the tournament, he took 4/13 from 3.3 overs, though the man of the match award went to Afghan Hamid Hassan, who helped bowl Oman out for 77. At the World Twenty20 Qualifier, Oman lost", "id": "1761371" }, { "contents": "Yuvraj Singh\n\n\nof international cricket against a bowler from a Test playing nation. He finished his innings with 58 runs off 16 balls and won the man of the match. Yuvraj missed the next game against South Africa due to a niggle but recovered before the semifinal against Australia. In the semifinal, he top-scored with 70 off 30 balls and also hit the longest six of the tournament ( off the bowling of Brett Lee). The knock later was named the Best Twenty20 Batting Performance of 2007 by ESPN Cricinfo. India won the", "id": "4724425" }, { "contents": "Australian cricket team in 2007–08\n\n\nin the later overs that Australia's chase was dismantled, as the wicket of Andrew Symonds seemed to give the Indians momentum. Australia managed 173 off their 20 overs, and thus India won by 15 runs and knocked Australia out of the tournament. On 26 September, Australia arrived in India for a 7 game One Day International series, contesting the Future Cup. The first game of the series was played on 29 September 2007, and the tour concluded with a one off Twenty20 International on 20 October 2007. Series was level", "id": "5964213" }, { "contents": "2014 ICC World Twenty20 Final\n\n\nThe 2014 ICC World Twenty20 Final was played between India and Sri Lanka at the Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium in Dhaka on 6 April 2014. This was the 5th ICC World Twenty20. Sri Lanka won the match by six wickets, its first World Twenty20 victory, after being runners-up twice at 2009 and 2012. Sri Lanka became the 5th team to win this title after India, Pakistan, England , West Indies This was the third time where both the finalists were Asian teams. In the stadium, the", "id": "13980632" }, { "contents": "2007 ICC World Twenty20\n\n\ntook on the A2 spot in Group F. The other seven top seeds qualified. The eight teams were divided into two groups of four teams each. The two top teams from each Super Eight group qualified for the semi-finals. India won the toss and chose to bat on what was considered to be a traditionally batsman-friendly pitch at the Bullring. Umar Gul took the wickets of both Yuvraj Singh and Mahendra Singh Dhoni, leaving India with 157/5 in 20 overs; only Gautam Gambhir (75 from 54 balls) produced", "id": "15321168" }, { "contents": "Tillakaratne Dilshan\n\n\nscore hundreds in all formats as a captain. Dilshan won the Twenty20 International Performance of the Year award at the 2009 ICC Awards for his 96 off 57 ball shots against West Indies in the semi-final of the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 in England. He also won the man of the series trophy for his individual batting performances in the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 tournament. He was also a key member of the team that won the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 and was part of the team that made the finals of 2007 Cricket World", "id": "19550381" }, { "contents": "Umar Gul\n\n\nhe took 3 wickets in a first innings and triggered a South African collapse of 380 on a flat wicket. He took the crucial wicket with an excellent inswinger against AB de Villiers. With injuries limiting Gul's test cricket participation, he made a distinct change to his bowling set-up, making a focus on bowling in the late overs of T20. He got his opportunity with the absence of Shoaib Akhtar and Abdul Razzaq in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 held in South Africa. He bowled from the 13th over onwards and", "id": "20459524" }, { "contents": "Jonny Bairstow\n\n\nassist England to a 116 run victory. The second and final group game was against India, England won the toss and sent India in to bat. Bairstow caught Virat Kohli from a Graeme Swann ball when Kohli was on 40, however India got to 170 runs in 20 overs setting England a target of 171. England's batting order failed and Jonny was bowled by Piyush Chawla for 1 run, England only made 80 runs (which was their worst for a Twenty20 International) and lost the match by 90 runs. They", "id": "6339241" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium\n\n\nwickets for 61 runs against India during the 1997 Pepsi Independence Cup. The other five-wicket haul was made by West Indies' Ravi Rampaul, which is also the best figures in ODI cricket at this ground. He took 5 for 51 against India during the 2011 World Cup. As of November 2017, a match between India and New Zealand is the only Twenty20 International (T20I) to be held at the ground, which New Zealand won by one run. The best bowling figures in T20I cricket at Chepauk are Irfan", "id": "15302930" }, { "contents": "2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Final\n\n\n153. In response, New Zealand lost their first three wickets cheaply, falling to 13 for three. Suzie Bates scored 48 runs, but ultimately three wickets for Megan Schutt meant that New Zealand were bowled out for 120 runs, meaning Australia won by 33 runs. In their final group game, Australia faced India. Scores of 83 from Smriti Mandhana and 43 from Harmanpreet Kaur propelled India to a score of 167 for eight. Late in the India innings, Healy and Schutt collided, resulting in a mild concussion for Healy", "id": "8109286" }, { "contents": "West Indies women's cricket team\n\n\nwon five-two. They finished fifth in the 2004–05 World Cup, ahead of Sri Lanka, South Africa and Ireland, but behind Australia, India, New Zealand and India. They won two and lost three games, with one no result and one abandoned match. After being eliminated from the World Cup, the team stayed on to play three ODIs against South Africa and won the series two-nil. ICC Women's World Twenty20 (1): 2016 The West Indies squad for the 2018 ICC World Twenty20 was", "id": "12041050" }, { "contents": "India–Pakistan cricket rivalry\n\n\nInternational between the two sides. India has the better record in ICC tournaments, with Pakistan yet to win a match in either the World Cup or T20 World Cup in meetings between the two sides. In the Champions Trophy, however, Pakistan have won three of the five meetings between the two sides, including the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final. This was the second time the two teams had met in an ICC final, with India winning the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final in South Africa. The teams have met on 14", "id": "12305149" }, { "contents": "Paul Collingwood\n\n\nCollingwood's captaincy, though the man himself hit only 5 runs. He went on to captain the one-day side against India, where they won the 1st ODI but lost an entertaining 2nd ODI at Bristol by 9 runs. After the 2nd ODI Collingwood was fined half of his match fee for a slow over rate. England eventually won the closely fought series 4–3. Collingwood was fined £1000 during the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship when he visited a lap-dancing club prior to England's match with New Zealand. Collingwood", "id": "9674086" } ]

[ { "contents": "Muhammad Ali's seizure of power\n\n\nThe process of Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in Egypt was a long three-way civil war between the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service of the Ottomans. It ended in victory for the Albanians led by Muhammad Ali of Egypt (1769–1849). The three-way struggle followed the French invasion of Egypt by Napoleon. After the French defeat a power vacuum was created in Egypt. The Mamluks had governed Egypt before the French invasion and still retained much power", "id": "12367564" }, { "contents": "History of Egypt\n\n\nEgypt vulnerable to foreign invasion. Portuguese traders took over their trade. Egypt suffered six famines between 1687 and 1731. The 1784 famine cost it roughly one-sixth of its population. The brief French invasion of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte began in 1798. The expulsion of the French in 1801 by Ottoman, Mamluk, and British forces was followed by four years of anarchy in which Ottomans, Mamluks, and Albanians — who were nominally in the service of the Ottomans – wrestled for power. Out of this chaos, the", "id": "13330401" }, { "contents": "Francophile\n\n\nEgypt also had an effect. Muhammad Ali the Great, who became the Ottoman \"vali\" (governor) of Egypt in 1805 and ruled as a \"de facto\" independent ruler until his death in 1848 had been strongly impressed with the Napoleon's \"Armée d'Orient\", and imported French veterans of the Napoleonic wars to train his army. Egypt was very much in the French sphere of influence politically, economically and culturally in the 19th century, and French was the preferred language of Egypt's elites right up to the", "id": "11064398" }, { "contents": "French campaign in Egypt and Syria\n\n\nof Islam and claiming \"friendship\" between France and the Ottoman Empire despite French intervention in the breakaway state. This position as a liberator and Ottoman ally initially gained him solid support in Egypt and later led to admiration for Napoleon from Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who succeeded where Bonaparte had not in reforming Egypt and declaring its independence from the Ottomans. In a letter to a sheikh in August 1798, Napoleon wrote, \"I hope... I shall be able to unite all the wise and educated men of all the countries and", "id": "13337882" }, { "contents": "Trabluslu Ali Pasha\n\n\n, led by Muhammad Ali (who would later seize control of Egypt), chose to remain in Egypt and gain influence for themselves. Playing both long-warring factions in Egypt (the Ottomans and the Mamluks) against each other, the Albanians gained power. The Ottoman sultan Selim III instructed Ali Pasha to oust the Albanians and the Mamluks and take back Ottoman control of the province. When Ali Pasha arrived in Egypt in July 1803, he found that the Mamluk emir Ibrahim Bey was ruling it as kaymakam (acting governor", "id": "9125672" }, { "contents": "Islam and modernity\n\n\nof the 18th century the power relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Europe began to shift in Europe's favor. In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte's army occupied the Ottoman province of Egypt and killed roughly 3000 Egyptians. Although the occupation was only three years, followed by lingering hostility to the French, the experience ultimately exposed the Egyptian people to Enlightenment ideas and Europe's new technology. The exposure to European power and ideas would later inspire the new governor of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, to draw on this technology to modernize Egypt, setting", "id": "2453934" }, { "contents": "Ottoman wars in Europe\n\n\nin 1774 with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarcai. Another war with Russia started in 1787 and a concurrent war with Austria followed in 1788; the Austrian war ended with the 1791 Treaty of Sistova, and the Russian war ended with the 1792 Treaty of Jassy. An invasion of Egypt and Syria by Napoleon I of France took place in 1798–99, but ended due to British intervention. Napoleon's capture of Malta on his way to Egypt resulted in the unusual alliance of Russia and the Ottomans resulting in a joint naval expedition to the", "id": "14977290" }, { "contents": "Albanians in Egypt\n\n\nShkodrani and so on. Sarechesme Halil Agha, commanding the Kavala Volunteer Contingent, would bring along his cousin, Muhammad (Mehmed) Ali, a young second rank commander. Muhammad Ali was a commander in the Ottoman army that was sent to drive Napoleon's forces out of Egypt, but upon the French withdrawal, seized power himself and forced the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II to recognize him as Wāli, or Governor of Egypt in 1805. He traced his ancestry back to Ibrahim Aga, from Korca, Albania, who had moved", "id": "15877960" }, { "contents": "Trabluslu Ali Pasha\n\n\nas though the Albanian troops had taken control of the province from the Ottomans. Thus, in June 1803, he became a vizier and was appointed the Ottoman governor of Egypt. At the time that Ali Pasha was appointed governor in 1803, Egypt had come under the rule and influence of Ottoman Albanian troops originally sent by the Ottoman sultan in 1801 to fight against the French invasion of Ottoman Egypt under Napoleon, which had occurred in 1798. Although successful in ousting the French with significant help from the British, the Albanian troops", "id": "9125671" }, { "contents": "Shihab dynasty\n\n\ncity in Palestine, about forty kilometers south of Tyre. Both Napoleon and Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar, the governor of Sidon, requested assistance from Bashir, who remained neutral, declining to assist either combatant. Unable to conquer Acre, Napoleon returned to Egypt, and the death of Al-Jazzar in 1804 removed Bashir's principal opponent in the area. When Bashir II decided to break away from the Ottoman Empire, he allied himself with Muhammad Ali Pasha, the founder of modern Egypt, and assisted Muhammad Ali's son", "id": "20360858" }, { "contents": "Tahir Pasha (Egypt)\n\n\nTahir Pasha or Thir Pasha (died 29 April 1818) was the Albanian commander of bashi-bazouks under Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha. He rebelled and assumed government of Cairo, becoming the acting Ottoman governor of Egypt on 6 May 1803. He was beheaded by a Janissary soldier within a month of acting as governor when he was unable to pay the troops their outstanding pay. Ottoman Albanian troops were sent by the Ottoman sultan in 1801 to fight against the French invasion of Ottoman Egypt under Napoleon, which had occurred in 1798.", "id": "18315906" }, { "contents": "Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire\n\n\nRusso-Turkish frontier in Europe, and leaving the Asiatic frontier (Kuban River) to the East. Led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798 France invaded Egypt. While forced to leave in 1800, they had a great social impact on the country and its culture. The Turks struggle to hold onto Egypt against a civil war between the Albanians, Mamelukes, and Turks. The between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on May 28, 1812 in Bucharest at the end of the Russo-Turkish War, 1806", "id": "14063292" }, { "contents": "List of Ottoman governors of Egypt\n\n\nÇeşteci Ali Pasha after only one year). Governors ruled from the Cairo Citadel in Cairo. They ruled along with their divan (governmental council), consisting of a \"kadı\" (judge) and \"defterdar\" (treasurer). The title \"\"beylerbey\"\" refers to the regular governors specifically appointed to the post by the Ottoman sultan, while the title \"\"kaymakam\"\", when used in the context of Ottoman Egypt, refers to an acting governor who ruled over the province between the departure of", "id": "20909786" }, { "contents": "Ottoman wars in Africa\n\n\nI) of France invaded Egypt in 1798. The main Ottoman army was preoccupied in European fronts and the only defenders were local forces which were routed in the Battle of Pyramids. However Napoleon couldn't proceed much because his fleet was defeated by the British navy. In 1799 he returned and the French army evacuated Egypt following the Battle of Alexandria in 1801. The Ottoman Empire lost direct control of Egypt and the lands to the south during the revolt of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha in the 1830s. Although Egypt was still considered an", "id": "12685959" }, { "contents": "James Kempt\n\n\nGeneral Sir James Kempt, (c. 1765 – 20 December 1854) was a British Army officer, who served in the Netherlands, Egypt, Italy, the Peninsula, and British North America during the Napoleonic Wars. He led a British brigade at the Battle of Waterloo and later became Governor General of Canada. Born in Edinburgh around 1764, he was the son of Gavin Kempt of Batley Hall, Hampshire. Kempt was gazetted to the 101st Grenadiers in India in 1783, but on its disbandment two years later was placed on", "id": "5200093" }, { "contents": "Al-Azhar Mosque\n\n\nEgypt. Napoleon also unsuccessfully sought a \"fatwa\" from the al-Azhar imams that would deem it permissible under Islamic law to declare allegiance to Napoleon. Napoleon's efforts to win over both the Egyptians and the Ottomans proved unsuccessful; the Ottoman Empire declared war on 9 September 1798, and a revolt against French troops was launched from al-Azhar on 21 October 1798. Egyptians armed with stones, spears, and knives rioted and looted. The following morning the \"diwan\" met with Napoleon in an attempt to bring", "id": "10108556" }, { "contents": "Sovereign Military Order of Malta\n\n\nthe ultimate destruction of the Ottoman naval power in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, led by John of Austria, half brother of King Philip II of Spain. Their Mediterranean stronghold of Malta was captured by the French First Republic under Napoleon in 1798 during his expedition to Egypt, following the French Revolution and the subsequent French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleon demanded from Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim that his ships be allowed to enter the port and to take on water and supplies. The Grand Master replied that only two foreign ships", "id": "957701" }, { "contents": "Albanians in Egypt\n\n\nand the culminating Egyptian Revolution of 1952 the Albanian community in Egypt diminished. Since 1517, Egypt became an Ottoman province. An Ottoman ruler would be appointed in Cairo. The title \"\"beylerbey\"\" refers to the regular governors specifically appointed to the post by the Ottoman sultan, while the title \"\"kaymakam\"\", when used in the context of Ottoman Egypt, refers to an acting governor who ruled over the province between the departure of the previous governor and the arrival of the next one. Several of these", "id": "15877958" }, { "contents": "Petrobey Mavromichalis\n\n\nwhich gave him a useful contact with a potential ally. During that period he possibly made an alliance with Napoleon Bonaparte, who was fighting in Egypt; Napoleon was to strike the Ottoman Empire in coordination with a Greek revolt. Napoleon's failure in Egypt doomed that plan. By 1814, the reorganized Maniots again became a threat to the Ottomans, and the Sultan offered a number of concessions to Pierrakos, including his being named Bey, or \"Chieftain\", of Mani - in effect formalizing the de facto status of autonomy", "id": "8673884" }, { "contents": "Preveza\n\n\nNapoleon Bonaparte, however, focused his attention in another direction, launching the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria, placing France at war with the Ottoman Empire and giving little thought to the fate of the small Preveza garrison exposed on the edge of Ottoman territory. In October 1798, the local Ottoman governor Ali Pasha Tepelena – having great ambitions to make himself a semi-independent ruler – attacked Preveza with an overwhelming force. In the Battle of Nicopolis on 12 October 1798 the 7,000 Ottoman troops of Ali Pasha and his son Mukhtar", "id": "8517676" }, { "contents": "Alexandria\n\n\nSufyan, who strengthened the Arab presence and built a governor's palace in the city in 664–665. After the Battle of Ridaniya in 1517, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks and remained under Ottoman rule until 1798. Alexandria lost much of its former importance to the Egyptian port city of Rosetta during the 9th to 18th centuries, and only regained its former prominence with the construction of the Mahmoudiyah Canal in 1807. Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. French troops stormed the", "id": "2898080" }, { "contents": "Ottoman wars in Africa\n\n\nThe Ottoman Empire was founded at the beginning of the 14th century. Beginning in the 16th century, it also began acquiring possessions following series of wars in coastal North Africa. Egypt was under the rule of a Mamluk Sultanate led by Circassians and Kipchak Turks, and who also ruled Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan. After Mehmed II (the Conqueror) united most of Anatolia under Ottoman rule, the two empires became neighbours of each other where two Mamluk vassals of Turkmen origin were the buffer states between the two. During", "id": "12685951" }, { "contents": "Burji dynasty\n\n\n1453 and had friendly relations with the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, who captured Constantinople later that year, causing great rejoicings in Egypt. However, under the Greek reign of Khoshkadam, who took power in 1463, Egypt began the struggle between the Egyptian and the Ottoman sultanates which finally led to the incorporation of Egypt in the Ottoman Empire. Both Koshkadam and Mehmed II supported different candidates to the principality of Karaman; then in 1467 sultan Kait Bey offended the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II, whose brother was poisoned while being entertained by Kait", "id": "18093420" }, { "contents": "Ottoman conquest of Habesh\n\n\nby several generations of conflict between the Ottomans, who had been primarily concerned with Anatolia and Eastern Europe, and the Portuguese, who were the major power in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517 brought the two powers into direct conflict. In an attempt to monopolize the spice trade from Asia to Europe, the Portuguese, led by the newly appointed Governor Afonso de Albuquerque, \"blockad[ed] the entrance to the Red Sea and the [Persian] Gulf\", and made an unsuccessful", "id": "18423066" }, { "contents": "Muhammad Ali of Egypt\n\n\nin Kavala, Ottoman Macedonia to a family of Albanian origins. He was a military commander in an Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from a French occupation under Napoleon. Following Napoleon's withdrawl, Muhammad Ali rose to power through a series of political maneuvers, and in 1805 he was named \"Wāli\" (viceroy) of Egypt and gained the rank of Pasha. As \"Wāli\", Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres. He also initiated a violent purge", "id": "19479607" }, { "contents": "Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars\n\n\nBy 1799, the French Revolutionary Wars had resumed after a period of relative peace in 1798. The Second Coalition had organized against France, with Great Britain allying with Russia, Austria, the Ottoman Empire, and several of the German and Italian states. While Napoleon's army was still embroiled in Egypt, the allies prepared campaigns in Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Napoleon had consolidated his control of Egypt for the time being. Soon after the beginning of the year, he mounted an invasion of Syria, capturing El", "id": "16582510" }, { "contents": "Egypt Eyalet\n\n\nwho had ruled the country for centuries. As such, Egypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until it was invaded by the French forces of Napoleon I in 1798. After the French were expelled, power was seized in 1805 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt. Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty remained nominally an Ottoman province. It was granted the status of an autonomous vassal state or \"Khedivate\" in 1867. Isma'il Pasha and Tewfik Pasha governed Egypt as a quasi-", "id": "17100936" }, { "contents": "Convention of El Arish\n\n\n1802, after which the French troops were returned to France on board British ships, in accordance with the terms of the original convention. France invaded the nominally Ottoman-ruled Egypt in 1798 with an army led by Napoleon Bonaparte. Initially successful in taking control of key cities, an expedition to Syria led to defeat and Napoleon returned to France after successfully defeating Ottoman force at the Battle of Abukir in July 1799. Napoleon left command of the French forces in the hands of Jean-Baptiste Kléber. The army was in a", "id": "7661294" }, { "contents": "History of France\n\n\nTogether with successful general Napoleon Bonaparte who had just returned to France, Sieyes began preparing another coup d'état, which took place on 9–10 November 1799 (18–19 Brumaire VIII), replacing the five directors now with three \"consuls\": Napoleon, Sieyes, and Roger Ducos. During the War of the First Coalition (1792–97), the Directoire had replaced the National Convention. Five directors then ruled France. As Great Britain was still at war with France, a plan was made to take Egypt from the Ottoman Empire, a", "id": "13984355" }, { "contents": "Russian occupations of Beirut\n\n\na Polish uprising near the Ottoman border, a Cossack regiment chased some of the rebels across the border and reportedly carried out a massacre in the town of Balta. The Sultan eventually responded by declaring war on Russia. He demanded military assistance from Ali Bey, a Mamluk, who was the most powerful official in Ottoman Egypt at the time. Ali closely observed the course of the war, sending the required 3,000 soldiers to the aid of the Sublime Porte in 1769. Early in the following year, however, he declared Egypt", "id": "11875041" }, { "contents": "Egyptian nationalism\n\n\nabandoned the union. Nasser saw himself as the successor of Mohammad Ali the Great, the illiterate Albanian tobacco merchant turned Ottoman \"vali\" (governor) of Egypt, who had sought to found a new dynasty to rule the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Nasser came to embrace pan-Arabism as the best way of justifying a greater Egypt that would stretch from the Atlantic to Indian oceans. After the Six Day War of 1967, Nasser started to downplay pan-Arab nationalism, and instead promoted an \"Egypt first", "id": "10464120" }, { "contents": "Keki Abdi Pasha\n\n\nAleppo, going to Rakka (modern Raqqa, Syria), where he soon became governor. Aleppo would remain without a governor for just over a year after his expulsion. In 1786, while Abdi Pasha was the governor of Diyarbekir Eyalet, the Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral of the Ottoman Navy) Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha was ordered by the sultan Abdülhamid I to take troops to Egypt and drive out the Mamluk emirs led by Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk) and Murad Bey, who had become \"de facto\" rulers of the", "id": "8147751" }, { "contents": "Selman Reis\n\n\nSelman Reis was an Ottoman admiral and former corsair who was active in the Mamluk Navy of Egypt and later in the Ottoman Navy against the Portuguese in the first half of the 16th century. Selman Reis was originally from the Aegean island of Lesbos. Selman Reis entered the service of the Mamluks, and led a group of 2,000 armed Levantines, possibly against the own wishes of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I. Following the disruption of the spice trade between India and Mamluk Egypt by the Portuguese, Selman Reis led a Mamluk fleet of 19", "id": "7723378" }, { "contents": "Sidon Eyalet\n\n\n. In 1799, Acre resisted a siege by Napoleon Bonaparte. As part of the Egyptian–Ottoman War of 1831–33, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt took Acre after a severe siege on May 27, 1832. The Egyptian occupation intensified rivalries between Druzes and Maronites, as Ibrahim Pasha openly favoured Christians in his administration and his army. In 1840, the governor of Sidon moved his residence to Beirut, effectively making it the new capital of the eyalet. After the return to Ottoman rule in 1841, the Druzes dislodged Bashir III al", "id": "19610279" }, { "contents": "Bonaparte Crossing the Alps\n\n\nduring the French Revolutionary Wars, Napoleon prepared to invade and conquer Egypt, which was at the time a province of the Ottoman Empire. Such a military action promised numerous benefits, including securing French trade interests, and inhibiting British access to India. By 1 July 1798, Napoleon had landed on the shores of Egypt. After a lengthy chain of conflicts with heavy casualties, the campaign resulted in an Ottoman-British victory. Napoleon received news from France that Austrian forces had retaken Italy and he decided to return to Paris.", "id": "14347311" }, { "contents": "Siege of Acre (1799)\n\n\nThe Siege of Acre of 1799 was an unsuccessful French siege of the Ottoman-defended, walled city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) and was the turning point of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and Syria. It was Napoleon`s first strategic defeat as three years previously he had been tactically defeated at the Second Battle of Bassano. Acre was a site of significant strategic importance due to its commanding position on the route between Egypt and Syria. Bonaparte wanted to capture it following his invasion of Egypt. He hoped to incite", "id": "8580688" }, { "contents": "Khedivate of Egypt\n\n\nThe Khedivate of Egypt (, ; \"\") was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt. The United Kingdom invaded and took control in 1882. In 1914 the Ottoman Empire connection was ended and Britain established a protectorate called the Sultanate of Egypt. Upon the conquest of the Sultanate of Egypt by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, the country was governed", "id": "235680" }, { "contents": "Sultan of Egypt\n\n\n. Following the defeat of Napoleon I's forces in 1801, Muhammad Ali Pasha seized power, overthrowing the Mamelukes, and declaring himself ruler of Egypt. In 1805, the Ottoman Sultan Selim III reluctantly recognized him as Wāli under Ottoman suzerainty. Muhammad Ali, however, styled himself as Khedive, and though technically a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, governed Egypt as if it were an independent state. Seeking to rival and ultimately supplant the Ottoman Sultan, Muhammad Ali implemented a rapid modernization and militarization program, and expanded Egypt's", "id": "17391059" }, { "contents": "Muhammad Ali of Egypt\n\n\nGeneral Napoleon Bonaparte's withdrawal. He later married Ali Agha's daughter, Emine Nosratli, a wealthy widow, who was his maternal Cousin, because her Mother Kadriye and his Mother Zeynep were sisters, both daughters of Çorbaci Husain Agha. In 1801, his unit was sent, as part of a much larger Ottoman force, to re-occupy Egypt following a brief French occupation that threatened the way of life in Egypt. The expedition landed at Aboukir in the spring of 1801. One of his trusted army commanders was Miralay", "id": "19479611" }, { "contents": "Egypt\n\n\nin part to the continuing power and influence of the Mamluks, the Egyptian military caste who had ruled the country for centuries. Egypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until it was invaded by the French forces of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798 (see French campaign in Egypt and Syria). After the French were defeated by the British, a power vacuum was created in Egypt, and a three-way power struggle ensued between the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service", "id": "534010" }, { "contents": "History of Alexandria\n\n\nAlexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. French troops stormed the city on July 2, 1798 and it remained in their hands until the British victory at the Battle of Alexandria on March 21, 1801, following which the British besieged the city which fell to them on 2 September 1801. Two French savants assessing the population of Alexandria in 1798 estimated 8,000 and 15,000. Mohammed Ali, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, began rebuilding the city around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had", "id": "14149831" }, { "contents": "Curt Prüfer\n\n\nand archaeologist Max von Oppenheim, who instilled in Prüfer anti-British ideology, and a strategy of sabotage against British rule in Egypt. Until 1919 he was in Cairo and Constantinople. In 1928 he wrote an introductory level textbook on the introduction of the Arabic dialect of Egypt. During the First World War, he organized reconnaissance in the Ottoman territories of Palestine and Syria, wrote reports for the Ottoman governor of Palestine Djemal Pasha, and was involved in the organization of attacks on the British post at the Suez Canal. From", "id": "16298811" }, { "contents": "Emir Mehmed Pasha\n\n\nSeyyid Emir Mehmed Pasha (), known by the epithet \"al-Sharif\" among his Arab subjects, was an Ottoman statesman who served as defterdar (finance minister) (1589–1593, 1595), Ottoman governor of Egypt (1596–1598), and Ottoman governor of Damascus (1599–1600). He was a descendant of Hussein ibn Ali, earning him the epithet \"sayyid.\" While he was the governor of Egypt (with the title beylerbey, often known as viceroy), he was reportedly a frequent visitor of the", "id": "5132499" }, { "contents": "Egypt Eyalet\n\n\nconquest of Egypt for the Ottomans. A great financial reform was then effected by Kara Mehmed Pasha, who readjusted the burdens imposed on the different communities of Egypt in accordance with their means. With the troubles that beset the metropolis of the Ottoman Empire, the governors appointed thence came to be treated by the Egyptians with continually decreasing respect. In July 1623, an order came from the Porte dismissing Kara Mustafa Pasha, and appointing Çeşteci Ali Pasha governor in his place. The officers met the deputy of the newly appointed governor and", "id": "17100944" }, { "contents": "Kara Mustafa Pasha (governor of Egypt)\n\n\nKara Mustafa Pasha (died 1628) was an Ottoman statesman who served twice as the Ottoman governor of Egypt, firstly from 20 July to 9 October 1623 and secondly from 12 February 1624 to 16 May 1626. He also served earlier as the agha (chief) of the Janissary corps in 1623. Mustafa Pasha was educated in the Enderun palace school. He married Fatma Sultan, a daughter of Sultan Ahmed I, in 1628 but was executed that same year by the reigning Sultan (and his new brother-in-law", "id": "6437933" }, { "contents": "Josef Philipp Vukassovich\n\n\nBaron Josef Philipp Vukassovich (; 1755 – 9 August 1809) was a Croatian soldier who joined the army of Habsburg Monarchy and fought against both Ottoman Empire and the First French Republic. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he commanded a brigade in the 1796–1797 Italian campaign against Napoleon Bonaparte. He led a division during the Napoleonic Wars and received a fatal wound in action. While serving in the Grenz infantry from the Croatian Military Frontier, Vukassovich received a coveted military award for notable actions in battle against the Ottomans. Still leading his Grenzers", "id": "9698496" }, { "contents": "Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur\n\n\nwho reported in September 1796 that the Ottoman Empire was in an extreme state of decay and that Egypt could be taken with little effort. On 9 April 1797 Verninac had a long interview with the general Napoleon Bonaparte, who appears to have accepted this view. The idea took hold in Napoleon's mind, and on 16 August 1797 he wrote to the Directory revealing his plan to attack Egypt. In 1798 Raymond de Verninac married Henriette Delacroix, older sister of the future painter Eugène Delacroix. She was the daughter of Charles-", "id": "11632512" }, { "contents": "Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha\n\n\nfacto Ottoman governor of Egypt for around a year. His long-time \"kethüda\" (assistant/deputy) Ismail Pasha the Tripolitanian remained in Egypt and was soon appointed the Ottoman governor of Egypt himself (1788–89, 1789–91) while his allied Mamluk emir Ismail Bey became the Shaykh al-Balad and de facto ruler. In the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792, Hasan Pasha (then 85) commanded the Turkish troops in the beginning campaigns, taking part in the Action of 17 June 1788, the Battle", "id": "21459459" }, { "contents": "Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)\n\n\nhis army to further the war against Shah Ismail I. The war started in 1516 which led to the later incorporation of Egypt and its dependencies in the Ottoman Empire, with Mamluk cavalry proving no match for the Ottoman artillery and the janissaries. On August 24, 1516, at the Battle of Marj Dabiq Sultan al-Ghawri was killed. Syria passed into Ottoman Turkish possession, who were welcomed in many places as deliverance from the Mamluks. The Mamluk Sultanate survived until 1517, when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman", "id": "17239473" }, { "contents": "Israel\n\n\nend of the First World War, when Britain defeated the Ottoman forces and set up a military administration across the former Ottoman Syria. In 1660, a Druze revolt led to the destruction of Safed and Tiberias. In late 18th century, local Arab Sheikh Zahir al-Umar created a de facto independent Emirate in the Galilee. Ottoman attempts to subdue the Sheikh failed, but after Zahir's death the Ottomans regained control of the area. In 1799 governor Jazzar Pasha successfully repelled an assault on Acre by troops of Napoleon, prompting", "id": "13672396" }, { "contents": "History of Palestine\n\n\nboth times ending in defeat. In February 1799, Emperor Napoleon of France entered Palestine after conquering Egypt as part of his campaign against the Ottomans, who were allied with his enemy, the British Empire. He occupied Gaza and moved north along Palestine's coastal plain, capturing Jaffa, where his forces massacred some 3,000 Ottoman troops who had surrendered and many civilians. His forces then captured Haifa and used it as a staging ground for their siege of Acre. Napoleon called for Jewish support to capture Jerusalem. This was done to", "id": "20314266" }, { "contents": "Al-Azhar Mosque\n\n\nthree fugitives. The gates at al-Azhar were closed in protest and the Ottoman governor, fearing a larger uprising, ordered the \"aghas\" to refrain from going near al-Azhar. Another disturbance occurred in 1791 in which the \"wāli\" harassed the people near the al-Hussein Mosque, who then went to al-Azhar to demonstrate. The \"wāli\" was subsequently dismissed from his post. Napoleon invaded Egypt in July 1798, arriving in Alexandria on July 2 and moving on to Cairo on July 22", "id": "10108554" }, { "contents": "Hayır Bey\n\n\nHayır Bey (sometimes spelled Kha'ir Bey or Kha'ir Beg; died 1522) ruled Egypt in the name of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 until his death in 1522. He was granted the position of governor by sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire for his help in the conquest of Egypt. Being of Abkhazian origin, he was the former Mamluk governor of Aleppo who contributed to the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Marj Dabiq. After the Ottoman conquest of the Mamluks and the end of the Mamluk Sultanate, the grand vizier Yunus", "id": "18391147" }, { "contents": "Franco-Ottoman alliance\n\n\nOttoman Empire became all of a sudden strained. Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798 and fought against the Ottomans to establish a French presence in the Middle East, with the ultimate dream of linking with Tippoo Sahib in India. Although the long period of Franco-Ottoman friendship was now over, Napoleon I still claimed great respect for Islam, and appealed to the long history of friendly relations between the Ottoman Empire and France: Napoleon had toppled the Mamluk beys, the effective rulers of Egypt under nominal Ottoman suzerainty, but still raised", "id": "5723451" }, { "contents": "Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha\n\n\nHadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha (usually referred to as Hafız Ahmed Pasha; died November 3, 1613) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Egypt from 1590 or 1591 to 1594. Previously, he had served as governor (beylerbey) of Cyprus, and he became a vizier along with his appointment to Egypt. After Egypt, he became the governor of Bursa from 1594 to 1595. His epithet \"Hadım\" means \"eunuch\" in Turkish. He commanded the victorious Ottoman forces during sultan Mehmed III's siege", "id": "5079923" }, { "contents": "Ismail Pasha (Tripolitanian)\n\n\nout the Mamluk emirs led by Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk) and Murad Bey, who had become \"de facto\" rulers of the province, Ismail Pasha went with him. When Hasan Pasha completed the removal (at least temporarily) and departed, he left Ismail Pasha behind in Egypt. Ismail Pasha then received the news that he was appointed the Ottoman governor of Egypt on 2 December 1788. When the Mamluk emirs, who had secured a negotiation with Ismail Pasha's predecessor Keki Abdi Pasha as to their power and holdings in", "id": "8147841" }, { "contents": "History of Israel\n\n\n1831, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, an Ottoman ruler who left the Empire and tried to modernize Egypt, conquered Ottoman Syria and tried to revive and resettle much of its regions. His conscription policies led to a popular Arab revolt in 1834, resulting in major casualties for the local Arab peasants, and massacres of Christian and Jewish communities by the rebels. Following the revolt, Muhammad Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali, expelled nearly 10,000 of the local peasants to Egypt, while bringing loyal Egyptian peasants and discharged soldiers to settle", "id": "13842835" }, { "contents": "Napoleonic Wars\n\n\nAustria, Naples, the Ottoman Empire, the Papal States, Portugal, Russia, and Sweden. The French Republic, under the Directory, suffered from heavy levels of corruption and internal strife. The new republic also lacked funds, and no longer enjoyed the services of Lazare Carnot, the minister of war who had guided France to its victories during the early stages of the Revolution. Bonaparte, commander of the Armée d'Italie in the latter stages of the First Coalition, had launched a campaign in Egypt, intending to disrupt the", "id": "1712715" }, { "contents": "List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty\n\n\nMonarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953. Their rule also extended to Sudan throughout much of this period, as well as to the Levant, and Hejaz during the first half of the 19th century. The Muhammad Ali dynasty was founded by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian commander in the expeditionary force sent by the Ottoman Empire in 1801 to dislodge the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. The defeat and departure of the French left a power vacuum in Egypt, which had been an Ottoman", "id": "20753780" }, { "contents": "Ismailia Governorate\n\n\nIsmailia Governorate ( \"\", ) is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. Located in the northeastern part of the country, its capital is the city of Ismailia. It was named after Ismail Pasha, who as Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt, oversaw the country during the building of the Suez Canal. It is located between the other two Canal governorates; Port Said Governorate, in the Northern part of Egypt and Suez Governorate. The governorate is divided into municipal divisions, with a total estimated population as of July 2017", "id": "11974604" }, { "contents": "Čolak-Anta\n\n\nfollowers, but they were captured on Ada Kaleh island on the Danube and executed.br By the winter of 1806 the Serbs had gained control of the whole Sanjak, including Belgrade. br The success of the uprising as well as Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 led the Ottomans to fear a Christian insurrection, the Ottoman Sultan Selim III started to negotiate with the rebels, he offered them autonomy but the Serbs refused demanding nothing but complete independence from Turkish rule. With the failure of the negotiation the Sultan launched a massive military campaign", "id": "2811620" }, { "contents": "Al-Azhar Mosque\n\n\nSultanate, only two Ottoman \"walīs\" (governors) restored al-Azhar in the early Ottoman period. Despite their defeat by Selim I and the Ottomans in 1517, the Mamluks remained influential in Egyptian society, becoming \"beys\" (\"chieftains\"), nominally under the control of the Ottoman governors, instead of \"amirs\" at the head of an empire. The first governor of Egypt under Selim I was Khai'r Bey, a Mamluk \"amir\" who had defected to the Ottomans during the Battle of Marj", "id": "10108546" }, { "contents": "Convention of Kütahya\n\n\nThe Convention of Kütahya, also known as the Peace Agreement of Kütahya, ended the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833) in May 1833. At the Convention, the Ottoman provinces of Syria and Adana were ceded to Egypt, and Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt became governor-general of the two provinces. But the settlement of the Peace Agreement was not satisfactory to either party, resulting in the Second Ottoman-Egyptian War in 1839–1841. Muhammad Ali of Egypt, ostensibly only a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, was seeking to", "id": "10903980" }, { "contents": "Çelebi Ismail Pasha\n\n\nPasha's was the Ottoman governor of: One of the first things that Ismail Pasha did after he was appointed the governor of Egypt and had arrived in Cairo in October 1695 was to reveal to the kaymakam (acting governor) Ibrahim Bey, who had occupied the position until Ismail Pasha's arrival in Egypt, that the sultan Mustafa II had ordered him to close the deficit in the Egypt provincial treasury by whatever means possible. He accomplished this by assigning a local Hasan Bey to do the job, who managed to break even", "id": "6980580" }, { "contents": "Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha\n\n\narmy, and the reformation of Turkish attire. He was one of the main statesmen, who predicted a war with the Russian Empire, which would eventually be the case with the outbreak of the Crimean War. He was a protégé of Küçük Hüseyin Pasha, a reformer who became Kapudan Pasha in 1792. In 1801, Hüsrev Pasha commanded the 6,000 Ottoman troops who assisted the British in removing the French from Rashid (Rosetta). For this, he was made governor of Egypt Eyalet (province), in which position he", "id": "16659580" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Balta Liman\n\n\nto negotiate with the Ottomans, to gain the upper-hand in trade agreements. The UK took advantage of the unrest and offered its hand in helping the Ottoman Empire defeat Mehmet Ali Pasha, in exchange for complete access to Ottoman trade markets. Between the years 1803 and 1807 civil war broke out in Egypt among the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian Mamluks, and Albanian mercenaries. Mehmet Ali Pasha emerged victorious from the battle. Egypt was still under Ottoman control, so when Sultan Mahmud II recognized him as the official Egyptian Governor,", "id": "7915966" }, { "contents": "Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars\n\n\n1798 was a relatively quiet period in the French Revolutionary Wars. The major continental powers in the First coalition had made peace with France, leaving France dominant in Europe with only a slow naval war with Great Britain to worry about. The leaders of the Directory in Paris feared Napoleon Bonaparte's popularity after his victories in Italy, so they were relieved when he proposed to depart France and mount an expedition to Egypt to gain further glory. At this time, Egypt was a province of the Ottoman Empire, but Napoleon viewed invading", "id": "15419683" }, { "contents": "Battle of Abukir (1799)\n\n\nday. The Turkish army fled in panic. Some Ottomans drowned trying to swim to the British ships two miles away from shore, while others fled to Abukir castle, but they surrendered shortly thereafter. The Turks suffered about 8,000 casualties and the French only 1,000. News of the victory reached France before Napoleon arrived in October and this made him even more popular, an important asset considering the troubles brewing in the French Directory. This battle temporarily secured France's control over Egypt. The Ottoman army led by Britain declared war on", "id": "14461874" }, { "contents": "Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire\n\n\nwho defeated the Safavids in the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, annexing much of eastern Anatolia and briefly occupying Tabriz. In 1516 he led a campaign against the Mamluk Sultanate, conquering first Syria and then Egypt the following year. This marked a dramatic shift in the orientation of the Ottoman Empire, as it now came to rule over the Muslim heartlands of the Middle East, as well as establishing its protection over the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. This increased the influence of Islamic practices on the government of the empire,", "id": "2492203" }, { "contents": "List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty\n\n\nprovince since the 16th century, but in which the pre-Ottoman Mamluk military caste maintained considerable power. After a three-year civil war, Muhammad Ali managed to consolidate his control over Egypt, and declared himself Khedive of the country. The Ottoman Porte refused to acknowledge this title, instead recognizing Muhammad Ali by the more junior title of \"Wāli\" (meaning governor or viceroy) on 18 June 1805, making Muhammad Ali the successor to Ahmad Khurshid Pasha in that position. In the years following his consolidation of power", "id": "20753781" }, { "contents": "Siege of Diu\n\n\nto Egypt with a large tribute in 1536, the Ottoman governor (pasha) of Egypt, 60-year-old eunuch Hadim Suleiman Pasha, was nominated by Sultan Suleiman \"the Magnificent\" to organize and personally lead an expedition to India. Pasha Suleiman forbade any shipping out of the Red Sea to avoid leaking information to the Portuguese in India. There were delays however due to the Siege of Coron in the Mediterranean, and the Ottoman-Safavid war of 1533–1535. According to the \"Tarikh al-Shihri\", Ottoman forces", "id": "6190283" }, { "contents": "History of Palestine\n\n\n, instigated by Farhi's relatives, attempted to oust Abdullah in a siege against Acre, but Muhammad Ali, Wali of Egypt, persuaded the Ottomans to keep Abdullah as governor. In 1830, the Sidon Eyalet was assigned the sanjaks of Nablus, Jerusalem and Hebron, thereby bringing all of Palestine under a single province. That year, the Jarrars led a revolt against Abdullah, who thereafter besieged and destroyed Sanur's fortress, which had successfully resisted sieges by his predecessors. Abdullah's rule was marked by declining revenues from the", "id": "20314272" }, { "contents": "Sulayman Pasha al-Azm\n\n\nSulayman Pasha al-Azm (; ; died August 1743) was the governor of Sidon Eyalet (1727–33), Damascus Eyalet (1733–38, 1741–43), and Egypt Eyalet (1739–40) under the Ottoman Empire. He belonged to the prominent Arab al-Azm clan and was the uncle of As'ad Pasha al-Azm, who succeeded him as governor of Damascus, and Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm, who also served as governor of Egypt. Shortly after gaining the post of \"wali\" (governor) of Damascus Eyalet,", "id": "5565953" }, { "contents": "John Holloway (Royal Navy officer)\n\n\nAdmiral John Holloway (15 January 1744 – 26 June 1826) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, before serving as Governor of Newfoundland between 1807 and 1809. Holloway was born in Wells, Somerset, and entered the navy in 1760, aged about 13, aboard the 50-gun ship , under Captain James Webb, who sailed to Newfoundland to serve as Commodore-Governor of the colony. The following year he returned to Newfoundland in the", "id": "9676747" }, { "contents": "Egypt\n\n\ndecision of the Young Turks of the Ottoman Empire to join World War I on the side of the Central Powers. In 1914, the Protectorate was made official, and the title of the head of state was changed to \"sultan\", to repudiate the vestigial suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan, who was backing the Central powers in World War I. Abbas II was deposed as khedive and replaced by his uncle, Hussein Kamel, as sultan. After World War I, Saad Zaghlul and the Wafd Party led the Egyptian nationalist movement", "id": "534019" }, { "contents": "Women in music\n\n\nmore highly paid than male performers and more highly regarded. In the 9th century, using male instrumentalists was harshly criticized in a treatise, because male musicians were associated with perceived vices such as playing chess and writing love poetry. Following the invasion of Egypt, Napoleon commissioned reports on the state of Ottoman culture. The report reveals that there were guilds of male instrumentalists who played to male audiences, and \"learned female\" singer/musicians who sang and played for women audiences. In Chinese music, music was a major activity", "id": "22080024" }, { "contents": "George Baldwin (diplomat)\n\n\nGeorge Baldwin was a British merchant, writer and diplomat of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries whose career was principally based in Egypt, where he established valuable trade links for the East India Company and negotiated directly with the Ottoman governors. Despite repeated warnings of the importance of Egypt to links with British India, his advice was ignored and thus when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798 the British were ill-placed to respond directly. In 1801 he assisted the British counter-invasion of Egypt and later returned to Britain with his", "id": "7372317" }, { "contents": "List of Ottoman governors of Egypt\n\n\nthe previous governor and the arrival of the next one. Although almost all governors were succeeded and preceded by a \"kaymakam\" due to the traveling distance from their old post to Egypt, only the most notable are included in this list. Below is a list of Ottoman \"wālis\" of the Egypt Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 (the Ottoman conquest of Egypt) to 1805 (the beginning of the Muhammad Ali dynasty; see list of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty). Governors of Egypt after 1805 are", "id": "20909787" }, { "contents": "Charles Austen\n\n\n1840, Britain waged an undeclared war against Mohammed Ali the Great, the \"vali\" (governor) of Egypt who was attempting to make the House of Ali the new ruling family in the Ottoman Empire by deposing the House of Ottoman. He sailed with the \"Bellerophon\" to the Mediterranean, and was active at the bombardment of Acre on 3 November 1840. As a result of his good service during the bombardment he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 18 December 1840. Austen and the \"", "id": "2525079" }, { "contents": "Ottoman Egypt\n\n\nOttoman Egypt covers two main periods of the history of Egypt from the 16th through early 20th centuries, when under the rule of or allied to the Ottoman Empire that was based in (present day) Turkey. The Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867) was established when the Egypt region came under the direct rule of the Ottoman Empire with their 1517 victory over the Mamluk Sultanate. The interruption of the Napoleon's French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) allowed Muhammad Ali's seizure of power from Ottoman Hurshid Pasha, and the founding", "id": "8684274" }, { "contents": "Veli Mehmed Pasha\n\n\nVeli Mehmed Pasha (died 1716), also known as Mehmed Veli Pasha or Wālī Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman who served as Kapudan Pasha (1706–1707) and the Ottoman governor of Bosnia Eyalet (1707) and Egypt Eyalet (1711–1714, with a small break in 1712). When he was governor of Egypt in 1711, a Turkish preacher arrived in Cairo and began to denounce the local Egyptian practice of praying at the graves of Sufi saints, claiming that this was against Islam and that \"the miracles of the saints", "id": "7606562" }, { "contents": "Khedive\n\n\nWith the outbreak of the First World War, Abbas Hilmi Pasha sided with the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on the side of the Central Powers, and was subsequently deposed by the British, who declared Egypt a protectorate (which means formally adding a territory to British sovereignty under a subordinate ruler) while he was on a visit to Vienna. His uncle Hussein Kamel was declared Sultan of Egypt by the British, who declared severance of the nominal ties of Egypt and Sudan to the Ottoman Empire (at least arguably", "id": "13703408" }, { "contents": "Basra\n\n\nthe city. Twelve years later, in 1536, during the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1532-1555, the Bedouin ruler of Basra, Rashid ibn Mughamis, acknowledged Suleiman the Magnificent as his suzerain who in turn confirmed him as governor of Basra. The Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire exercised a great deal of independence, and they even often raised their own troops. Though Basra had submitted to the Ottomans, the Ottoman hold over Basra was tenuous at the time. This changed a decade later; in 1546, following", "id": "12365448" }, { "contents": "Ottoman wars in Asia\n\n\nnavy and restored the Ottoman dominance in the Red Sea in 1548. In 1552, he captured Muscat and the south coasts of Arabian Peninsula. Later he also captured small forts in the Persian Gulf. Ottoman dominance on most of Arabian Peninsula continued up to 20th century. General Napoleon Bonaparte of France invaded Egypt in 1798 and tried to annex Palestine as well. He easily captured Jaffa. His next target was Acre (now in north Israel) for the city controlled the route between Syria and Egypt. But after the stubborn defense", "id": "12516709" }, { "contents": "Middle Eastern theatre of World War I\n\n\nAlliance on 2 August 1914, followed by another treaty with Bulgaria. The Ottoman War ministry developed two major plans. Bronsart von Schellendorf, a member of the German military mission to the Ottoman Empire who had been appointed Assistant Chief of the Ottoman General Staff, completed a plan on 6 September 1914 by which the Fourth Army was to attack Egypt and the Third Army would launch an offensive against the Russians in Eastern Anatolia. There was opposition to Schellendorf among the Ottoman army. The most voiced opinion was that Schellendorf planned a war", "id": "21881472" }, { "contents": "Yemen Eyalet\n\n\nThe Yemen Eyalet () was an eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire. In 1872, most of it became Yemen Vilayet after a land reform in the empire. In 1516, the Mamluks of Egypt annexed Yemen; but in the following year, the Mamluk governor surrendered to the Ottomans, and Turkish armies subsequently overran the country. They were challenged by the Zaidi Imam, Qasim the Great (r.1597–1620), and by 1636, the Zaydi tribesmen had driven the Ottomans out of the country completely. Governors of the", "id": "7727694" }, { "contents": "Ottoman Crete\n\n\n, but the local uprising was suppressed with the aid of Muhammad Ali of Egypt. The island remained under Egyptian control until 1840, when it was restored to full Ottoman authority. Following the Cretan Revolt (1866–1869) and especially the Pact of Halepa in 1878, the island received significant autonomy, but Ottoman violations of the autonomy statutes and Cretan aspirations for eventual union with the Kingdom of Greece led to the Cretan Revolt of 1897–98 and the Greco-Turkish War (1897). Despite an Ottoman victory in the war, Crete", "id": "3428181" }, { "contents": "Behram Pasha Mosque\n\n\nBehrem Pasha Mosque (, ) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the town of Diyarbakır in southeast Turkey. It was commissioned by the Ottoman governor-general Behrem Pasha and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The mosque was commissioned by the local Ottoman governor-general Behrem Pasha. He was the son of Kara Şahin Mustafa Pasha who served as the governor-general of Yemen and Egypt. The dates of Behrem Pasha's tenure in Diyarbakır are uncertain but were probably between 1564-65 and 1567-68", "id": "8061476" }, { "contents": "Napoleon\n\n\nin a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings. In early 1799, he moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus (Syria and Galilee). Bonaparte led these 13,000 French soldiers in the conquest of the coastal towns of Arish, Gaza, Jaffa, and Haifa. The attack on Jaffa was particularly brutal. Bonaparte discovered that many of the defenders were former prisoners of war, ostensibly on parole, so he ordered the garrison and 1,400 prisoners to be executed by bayonet or drowning to", "id": "20108384" }, { "contents": "French Revolutionary Wars\n\n\n, and defeated an Ottoman effort to relieve the city at the Battle of Mount Tabor on 17 April. However, his repeated assaults on Acre were driven back by Ottoman and British forces under the command of Jezzar Pasha and Sir Sidney Smith. By May, with plague rampant in his army and no sign of success against the city, Napoleon was forced to retreat into Egypt. In July, Turkey, with the help of the British navy, mounted an invasion by sea from Rhodes. Napoleon attacked the Turkish beachheads and scored", "id": "8365221" }, { "contents": "Maniots\n\n\ninto Roumelia. In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte, at the time a general serving in the French Revolutionary Wars under the orders of the French Directory, sent two members of the Stephanopoulos family to Mani in order to convince the Maniots to attack the Ottomans from the Peloponnese while he attacked from Egypt. Zacharias and Zanetbey accepted the offer, and Napoleon sent them weapons. When the Turks discovered this, they had Zanetos replaced as bey with Panagiotis Koumoundoureas. During 1803, the Ottomans deposed Koumoundourakis, because he was not capable of subduing", "id": "896984" }, { "contents": "Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)\n\n\nThe Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 was the second major conflict between the Egypt-based Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate and the incorporation of the Levant, Egypt and the Hejaz as provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The war transformed the Ottoman Empire from a realm at the margins of the Islamic world, mainly located in Anatolia and the Balkans, to a huge empire encompassing much of the traditional lands of Islam, including the cities of Mecca, Cairo, Damascus and Aleppo", "id": "21010845" }, { "contents": "History of the French Navy\n\n\n\"L'Empire, c'est la paix\"\"), but actually he was thoroughly determined to follow a strong foreign policy to extend France's power and glory. The French Navy was involved in a multitude of actions around the world. Napoleon's challenge to Russia's claims to influence in the Ottoman Empire led to France's successful participation in the Crimean War (March 1854–March 1856). During this war Napoleon successfully established a French alliance with Britain, which continued after the war's close. The French line-of-battle", "id": "2602444" }, { "contents": "Egypt Eyalet\n\n\nthat Yunus Pasha had created an extortion and bribery syndicate, and gave the office to Hayır Bey, the former Mamluk governor of Aleppo, who had contributed to the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Marj Dabiq. The history of early Ottoman Egypt is a competition for power between the Mamluks and the representatives of the Ottoman Sultan. The register by which a great portion of the land was a fief of the Mamluks was left unchanged, allowing the Mamluks to quickly return to positions of great influence. The Mamluk emirs were to be", "id": "17100938" }, { "contents": "Mahmud II\n\n\nwould be much more successful. During the early years of Mahmud II's reign, his governor of Egypt Mehmet Ali Paşa successfully waged the Ottoman-Saudi War and reconquered the holy cities of Medina (1812) and Mecca (1813) from the First Saudi State. Abdullah bin Saud and the First Saudi State had barred Muslims from the Ottoman Empire from entering the holy shrines of Mecca and Medina; his followers also desecrated the tombs of Ali ibn Abi Talib, Hassan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali. Abdullah bin Saud and", "id": "486887" }, { "contents": "Alexandria expedition of 1807\n\n\nThe Alexandria expedition of 1807 or Fraser expedition (Arabic:حملة فريزر) was an operation by the Royal Navy and the British Army during the Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) of the Napoleonic Wars to capture Alexandria in Egypt with the purpose of securing a base of operations against the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean Sea. It was a part of a larger strategy against the Ottoman-French alliance of the Ottoman Sultan Selim III. It resulted in the occupation of Alexandria from 18 March to 25 September 1807. The people of", "id": "21854423" }, { "contents": "Umar Makram\n\n\nUmar Makram bin Hussien al-Sayouti () (1750-1822) was an Egyptian political leader at the time of the 1798 French invasion and in the subsequent political disorders. Makram was born in 1750 in Asyut. He was educated at Al-Azhar University, and became a leader of the nobles of Egypt. He was prominent in resistance to the 1798 invasion of Egypt by France (led by Napoleon). After the French withdrew in 1801, control of Egypt was nominally restored to the Ottoman Empire, but in", "id": "19139428" }, { "contents": "Independence Day (Malta)\n\n\nit was a great base for military assaults from the air and the sea. The island's longest ruler was the Knights of St. John, who controlled the island for 250 years. The Knights lost their control of the island after an invasion by French forces led by Napoleon. Napoleon's fleet was en route to invade Egypt and beyond, but needed a place to rest beforehand. Malta refused Napoleon's request to harbour at its islands, but he was not going to let his invasion fail at the fault of the small", "id": "9365862" }, { "contents": "1860 Mount Lebanon civil war\n\n\nto the ground, and 4,000 perishing from destitution. Other estimates claim 380 Christian villages were destroyed. The bloody events led France to intervene and stop the massacre after Ottoman troops had been aiding Islamic forces by either direct support or by disarming Christian forces. France, led by Napoleon III, recalled its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire which was established in a treaty in 1523. Following the massacre and an international outcry, the Ottoman Empire agreed on 3 August 1860 to the dispatch of up to 12,000 European", "id": "11996786" }, { "contents": "History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty\n\n\n1805, when the Ottoman Sultan acknowledged his position. Thereafter, Muhammad Ali was the undisputed master of Egypt, and his efforts henceforth were directed primarily to the maintenance of his practical independence. Ottoman-Saudi war in 1811–18 was fought between Egypt under the reign of Muhammad Ali (nominally under Ottoman rule) and the Wahabbis of Najd who had conquered Hejaz from the Ottomans. When Wahabis captured Mecca in 1802, the Ottoman sultan ordered Muhammad Ali of Egypt to start moving against Wahabbis to re-conquer Mecca and return the honour", "id": "12367859" } ]

[ { "contents": "Vice President of the People's Republic of China\n\n\nis mostly ceremonial; Vice Presidents Zeng Qinghong, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping have been members of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee and the Central Secretariat, the country's main decision making bodies; these three served concurrently as the first-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat, in charge of party affairs. The Vice President may play a major role in foreign affairs. For instance, the Vice President generally sits on the Foreign Affairs Leading Group, a policy coordination body of the Communist Party. The Vice President has also typically sits", "id": "17689579" }, { "contents": "Li Yuanchao\n\n\nwas also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998. Since taking on the office, which is largely ceremonial in nature, Li has played a major role in foreign affairs. He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group, the main foreign affairs coordination body of the Communist Party, and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs. Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and", "id": "12064959" }, { "contents": "High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy\n\n\nreplacement, the Treaty of Lisbon, retained the change under a different name. The new \"High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy\" would still merge the External Relations Commissioner with the High Representative and, like the Constitution, would have it backed up by an External Action Service. The new role also took over other foreign affairs roles, such as chairing the Foreign Affairs Council and representing the EU in international fora, roles which were previously exercised by the foreign minister of the country holding the presidency of", "id": "52902" }, { "contents": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)\n\n\nresponsibilities for Indonesian foreign policy. The head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, is the President's principal foreign policy advisor. The Ministry advances Indonesian objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the President's foreign policy. It also provides important services to Indonesian citizens and to foreigners seeking to visit Indonesia. All activities—bilateral programs, consular affairs, Indonesian representation abroad—are paid for by the budget, which represents a little more than 0.30% of the", "id": "1949917" }, { "contents": "Progressive Alliance of Liberia\n\n\nwho had been jailed. He appointed Gabriel Baccus Matthews as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chea Cheapoo as Attorney General. But 1981 the PPP had fallen out of favour with Doe, who became increasingly dictatorial. The banned PPP was reorganised as the United People's Party (UPP). During the 1980s, Baccus Matthews had the role as the main opposition politician in Liberia. In 1990 under Amos Sawyer as Interim President after Doe's death, he was again appointed as Foreign Minister. Both Matthews (for the United People's", "id": "5582392" }, { "contents": "Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)\n\n\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs pursued the promotion of trade and investment, played an active role in hosting international meetings, and participated in the meetings of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Foreign Service Institute was created in 1976 to provide in-house training to Foreign Service personnel. The 1986 EDSA Revolution saw the re-establishment of a democratic government under President Corazon Aquino. During this period, the DFA once again pursued development policy, in the active pursuit of opportunities abroad in the vital areas of trade, investment, finance,", "id": "3709472" }, { "contents": "Jean-David Levitte\n\n\n, who was appointed on August 1, 2007. On May 16, 2007, Levitte was appointed as diplomatic advisor and sherpa to President Nicolas Sarkozy, and the head of a future American-style National Security Council. The nature and extent of his new role were not immediately clear. While some commentators suggested he would not eclipse Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Bernard Kouchner, Levitte was elsewhere referred to as \"seemingly the true Minister of Foreign Affairs.\" Despite assertions made while campaigning, it was still unclear to what", "id": "19000118" }, { "contents": "Kao Kim Hourn\n\n\nin the United States. He played an integral role in Cambodia's entrance into ASEAN in 1999, and has continued to be a leader for international affairs within Cambodia, as Advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (2001-2003) and as Secretary of State for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (2004-2013). He founded The University of Cambodia (UC) in 2003, which has become a top ranking Cambodian university under his tenure as President. He has since helped to found", "id": "2523501" }, { "contents": "United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.\n\n\narguing that the embargo and proclamation were void, as Congress had unconstitutionally delegated legislative power to the executive branch, giving the President \"unfettered discretion\" to make what should be a legislative determination. The defendant raised several issues for consideration by the Court: In its 7–1 decision authorized by Justice George Sutherland, the Court ruled that the U.S. government, through the President, is categorically allowed great foreign affairs powers independent of the U.S. Constitution: While the Constitution does not explicitly say that all ability to conduct foreign policy is vested in", "id": "19952897" }, { "contents": "Gent Cakaj\n\n\nfor European Union affairs. Then in the Rama II cabinet he was appointed as deputy minister of foreign affairs. In January 2019 Cakaj was designated to replace incumbent Ditmir Bushati as Minister Of Foreign Affairs by Prime Minister Edi Rama after a cabinet reshuffle. The appointment was rejected by President Ilir Meta citing issues with Cakaj over credentials for the portfolio. The matter led to a public spat between the president and prime minister that ended with Rama temporarily taking on the additional role of Foreign Affairs Minister. After Rama became Foreign Minister he delegated", "id": "19669713" }, { "contents": "Igor Ivanov\n\n\nMinister of Foreign Affairs on September 11, 1998. As Russian foreign minister, Ivanov was an opponent of NATO's action in Yugoslavia. He was also an opponent of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Ivanov played a key role in mediating a deal between Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze and opposition parties during Georgia's \"Rose Revolution\" in 2003. Ivanov was succeeded to the post of foreign minister by Sergey Lavrov in 2004, and appointed by President Vladimir Putin to the post of Secretary of the Security Council, followed shortly by the", "id": "18348986" }, { "contents": "Louis Henkin\n\n\nway these powers were wielded by the executive. In his 1990 work \"Constitutionalism, Democracy and Foreign Affairs\" Henkin reiterated his concerns about the growth of the Imperial Presidency and its effect on the way the nation's foreign affairs were conducted, emphasizing that the preservation of human rights must play an important role. This and other books such as \"The Rights of Man Today\", \"How Nations Behave\", and \"Age of Rights\", comprised a collection of works that \"The New York Times\" described in", "id": "162677" }, { "contents": "European External Action Service\n\n\nThe European External Action Service (EEAS) is the diplomatic service and foreign and defence ministry of the European Union (EU). The EEAS is led by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR), who is also President of the Foreign Affairs Council and Vice-President of the European Commission, and carries out the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), including the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The EEAS does not propose or implement policy in its own name,", "id": "18023400" }, { "contents": "Jean-Pierre Raffarin\n\n\nposition of France\" and \"The position of France has always been to 'one China' and we will remain attached to this position\". On the embargo on weapons, he stated that \"France continues to ask for a lifting of the embargo, and does not see what could lead the European Council to change position on that question\". By convention, foreign affairs are one of the President's—and not the Prime Minister's—sole responsibilities. 29 November 2004 – following a Nicolas Sarkozy's resignation to become president", "id": "3826771" }, { "contents": "President of the European Commission\n\n\nthe meetings of the G8 to represent the Union. However, in foreign affairs, the President does have to compete with several Commissioners with foreign affairs related portfolios: the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the President of the European Council. The Presidential system had started to develop since Jacques Delors and has since been cemented. However, externally they are still dependent on support from the Council and Parliament. Delors had enjoyed the Parliament's and the Council's support for his whole term, during which, through", "id": "4740253" }, { "contents": "Avaz Hasanov\n\n\nheld in Yalta in 1996 and played the role of Armenian president in role plays. He regularly visited Armenia and Nagorny Karabakh since 2000. At the same year, he had meetings with the official representatives, the members of civil society and ordinary people in the various regions of Armenia and Nagorny Karabakh as a coordinator of the international working group for freedom of hostages. He had meetings with Serj Sarkisyan, the current president of Armenia, Foreign Affairs Minister of Armenia and Parliamentarians, head of Nagorny Karabakh as well during the visit.", "id": "3424022" }, { "contents": "Deputy Prime Minister of Greece\n\n\nThe Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (, \"Vice-President of the Government\"; older form: Αντιπρόεδρος του Υπουργικού Συμβουλίου, \"Vice-President of the Ministerial Council\") is the second senior-most member of the Greek Cabinet. Despite the English translation of the title, he does not actually deputize for the Prime Minister, rather it is a mostly honorific post for senior ministers, and is usually combined with another senior government portfolio (traditionally either Foreign Affairs, Finance or Defence) or a coordinating role over", "id": "5527791" }, { "contents": "United States Department of State\n\n\nconstitutional responsibilities for U.S. foreign policy. Within the Executive Branch, the Department of State is the lead U.S. foreign affairs agency, and its head, the Secretary of State, is the President's principal foreign policy advisor. The Department advances U.S. objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the President's foreign policy. It also provides an array of important services to U.S. citizens and to foreigners seeking to visit or immigrate to the United States. All foreign affairs activities—U.S. representation abroad, foreign", "id": "13358254" }, { "contents": "Arthur MacMahon\n\n\nthe program were carried over into its administration.\" MacMahon also analyzed the management structure of the WPA and the proper role for political authorities, particularly the President of the United States to play in the organization. MacMahon concluded that it was inappropriate for the President to lead the WPA, and that an independent administrator should be chosen. MacMahon's work \"Administration in Foreign Affairs\" focused on how to effectively organize the government to create foreign policy. Clarence Thurber, writing in the \"Western Political Quarterly\" called the book \"", "id": "5319171" }, { "contents": "Adam Schiff\n\n\n's prime minister said that approval of the resolution would endanger U.S.-Turkey relations. On March 4, 2010, the resolution was again approved to go forward by the House Foreign Affairs Committee by a 23-22 margin. Immediately, the Turkish government recalled its U.S. ambassador. Schiff said in 2007, \"When you think about what we have against us -- the president, a foreign policy establishment that has condoned this campaign of denial, the Turkish lobby -- against that you have the truth, which is a powerful thing but does", "id": "18134209" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of Indonesia\n\n\nSince independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a \"free and active\" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. Indonesian foreign policy under the \"New Order\" government of President Suharto moved away from the stridently anti-Western, anti-American posturing that characterised the latter part of the Sukarno era. Following Suharto's ouster in 1998, Indonesia's government has preserved the broad outlines of Suharto's independent, moderate foreign policy", "id": "14831467" }, { "contents": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration\n\n\nThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration of the Government of Niger (var. Foreign Ministry) is the government authority responsible for the foreign relations of Niger and its diplomatic corps abroad. The Foreign Ministry is headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, a political appointment who sits in the Council of Ministers of Niger, reporting directly to the President of Niger. The reference to \"African Integration\" speaks to the Minister's role in the African Union and its long professed Pan-African project on continental integration.", "id": "21687898" }, { "contents": "José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco\n\n\n, still Minister of Foreign Affairs, noted in February 1853: \"In a general manner, I approve of what our diplomatic representatives do; however, it almost always seems to me that, were I in their places, I would have done better. But with Dr. Paranhos that thought does not occur to me. Every time I read his communiqués, I tell myself: 'This is precisely what I would have done or said.'\" On 6 September 1853, Carneiro Leão was appointed President of the Council of", "id": "18955139" }, { "contents": "Presidency of Vicente Fox\n\n\nthat foreign governments should not judge, for good or bad, governments or changes in governments in other nations, because it would imply a breach of their sovereignty. President Fox appointed Jorge Castañeda to be his Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the \"Castañeda Doctrine\". The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community, and the increase of national involvement in foreign affairs. During Fox's term, Mexico actively sought", "id": "15538700" }, { "contents": "Francis Martin O'Donnell\n\n\nWhat role for Political Leadership?\" . The panel consisted of Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay (2008-2012); Ali Ahmadov, Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan; Akramsho Felaliev, Vice Chairman of the Parliament of the Republic of Tajikistan; Hikmet Çetin, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey (1991-1994); Ambassador Antonio Zanardi Landi, former Diplomatic Advisor to the President of Italy and current Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to the Holy See; Maksatbek Toktomushev, Grand Mufti of the Kyrgyz Republic, and", "id": "21809778" }, { "contents": "Minister of External Affairs (India)\n\n\nThe Minister of External Affairs (or simply Foreign Minister) is the head of the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the chief responsibility of the Foreign Minister is to represent India and its government in the international community. The Foreign Minister also plays an important role in determining Indian foreign policy. Occasionally, the Foreign Minister is assisted by a Minister of State for External Affairs or the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of External Affairs. India's first", "id": "8624999" }, { "contents": "Nana Akuoko Sarpong\n\n\nTrafficking and Money Laundering held in Versailles, near Paris, France. He was acting Secretary of Foreign affairs for a second occasion and during this period he played a leading role in the transitioning of Ghana to democratic rule in 1992. His last ministerial appointment before the fourth Republic was as Secretary for Chieftaincy Affairs. After Ghana transitioned to constitutional rule his portfolio changed to; presidential Advisor for Chieftaincy Affairs at the office of the President of the Republic of Ghana. In the early hours of 16 December 1975, Nana Kwaku Duah,", "id": "2237195" }, { "contents": "Olavo de Carvalho\n\n\nby Carvalho, in what was interpreted as a sign of his influence over the newly elected President. It was claimed that Carvalho influenced the nomination of two prominent Ministers by Bolsonaro: Ricardo Vélez Rodríguez (Education) and Ernesto Araújo (Foreign Affairs). In November 2018, after the Brazilian presidential election, Carvalho declared that, if nominated by President-elect Jair Bolsonaro, he would accept the role of Brazilian ambassador to the United States. However, in February 2019, Carvalho clashed with some key figures of the Bolsonaro administration", "id": "505033" }, { "contents": "Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\n\n\nduring the Sino-Indo clashes in October 1959 in Ladakh, in a move seen as a result of American pressure and a lack of understanding of Foreign affairs Upon hearing this proposal, India's Prime Minister Nehru reportedly counter-ask \"Defence Minister Ayub: Joint Defence on what?.\" India remained uninterested with such proposal and Prime Minister Nehru decided to push his country's role in the Non-Aligned Movement In 1960, President Ayub signed the water treaty with Prime Minister Nehru that was facilitated by the World Bank as", "id": "7612734" }, { "contents": "Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)\n\n\nother countries. During the period when the Philippines was a colony of the United States, the Government did not take an active role in the crafting and execution of its foreign policy. This was also the case during Japan's occupation of the Philippines from 1942 to 1944. The country regained full control of foreign affairs and diplomatic matters on July 4, 1946, when Commonwealth Act No. 732 was passed creating the Department of Foreign Affairs. On September 16, President Manuel Roxas issued Executive Order No. 18, which provided", "id": "3709466" }, { "contents": "United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra\n\n\nprovinces, including Socotra, comes within the efforts of the Arab Coalition to support legitimate government at this critical stage in the history of Yemen.\" The UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Anwar Gargash said in a statement \"The UAE’s role in Socotra is not strategic, the UAE does not have any ambitions on the archipelago. It is a Yemeni territory.\" Gargash also stated \"Because Socotra was far away from the conflict in Yemen, we took a decision not to communicate what we were doing there. In", "id": "12969963" }, { "contents": "Bruno Le Maire\n\n\n2013. He speaks French, English, Italian and German. After leaving the ÉNA in 1998, Bruno Le Maire found a job in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development. He eventually joined the team assisting the Secretary General of the Office of the President, Dominique de Villepin. He went on to a role of Foreign Affairs Advisor in the ministry in 2002, then onto an advisor role in the Interior ministry in 2004. Following several roles in Government including one working directly with Dominique de Villepin, Le Maire was", "id": "11637940" }, { "contents": "Powers of the President of Singapore\n\n\npeople can look to for support for some of the issues, national problems and so on. ... I would like to play a much bigger role to engage Singaporeans and have them come to talk to the president\". Tony Tan Keng Yam, who was eventually elected President, took a more conservative view and stated that the President ought to work within the Constitution. The controversy drew sharp rebuttals from Law and Foreign Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam. In a speech at a forum organized by the Institute of Policy Studies, he argued", "id": "283543" }, { "contents": "Mirza Javad Khan Ameri\n\n\nof Foreign Affairs. In the Foreign Ministry, first he replaced the French legal advisor who had previously left Iran. Subsequently, he was appointed Director-General for Internal Affairs, Director-General for Political Matters, Deputy Foreign Minister and finally acting Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1941, at the time of the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, Ameri was responsible for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and thus played a key role in the subsequent developments. Shortly thereafter, since presence of foreign troops on Iranian soil had caused", "id": "14253274" }, { "contents": "The IFSIM Network\n\n\nFlight Community. It was very successful and had reached 120 registered members before it shut down on July 31, 2016. IFSIM was re-built on February 17, 2017 by its original founder, Keith James and Nicholas Charles, who became the new Vice President. The former Vice President, Sagar Vinod re-joined and became the Head of Foreign Affairs. After some time, Nicholas Charles stepped down as Vice President and swapped roles with Sagar Vinod, making himself the Head of Foreign Affairs and Sagar Vinod the Vice President", "id": "18968751" }, { "contents": "Daily Telegraph Affair\n\n\nThe \"Daily Telegraph\" Affair was the uproar that followed the 28 October 1908 publication in British newspaper \"The Daily Telegraph\" of comments by German Kaiser Wilhelm II intended to improve German–British relations. It was a major diplomatic blunder that worsened relations and badly hurt the Kaiser's reputation; after that he played a much smaller role in deciding foreign policy. The episode had a far greater impact in Germany than overseas. \"The Telegraph\" presented what appeared to be an interview with the Kaiser. It was in fact", "id": "6226599" }, { "contents": "President of the European Council\n\n\n, ensure the external representation of the Union on issues concerning its common foreign and security policy, without prejudice to the powers of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security\"\". Some overlap between the roles of the President of the European Council, the President of the Commission, and the High Representative—notably in foreign policy—leaves uncertainty about how much influence the President of the European Council will acquire. There is further concern over whether the President will have sufficient personnel and resources to fulfil the duties", "id": "5003693" }, { "contents": "Japan Center for International Exchange\n\n\n. They also host the Shimoda Conferences. While hosting dialogues on policies, the JCIE does not hold policy related positions themselves. Policy Innovations describes the JCIE as \"one of the few truly independent think tanks\" in Japan's international affairs. At the last Shimoda Conference Japan's Minister of Foreign Affairs commented that since their founding the Japan Center for International Exchange \"has played an enormous role in enhancing mutual understanding and exchange between Japan and other countries.\" The Japan Center for International Exchange alongside the Japan Society have been leading", "id": "18225237" }, { "contents": "Egidio Ortona\n\n\nGeneral of Economic Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and then Secretary General of the Ministry itself. In this period he played an instrumental role in the successful signing of the Ussr-Fiat deal that marked the beginning of private mass motorization in the leading socialist State. In 1967 Ortona was appointed Italian ambassador in Washington, a post which he held for the next eight years. In 1975 Ortona, aged 65, retired from the diplomatic service. He took on posts as president of Honeywell’s Italian businesses, of Aeritalia and", "id": "11906439" }, { "contents": "Boris Trajkovski\n\n\nDPMNE party. He played an important role in developing the party's relations with other European political parties and was appointed Chairman of the party's Foreign Relations Commission. In 1997, he became the Chief of Staff of the Mayor of Kisela Voda, a municipality in Skopje. He was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs on 21 December 1998 but served in this post for less than a year. Largely because of his reputation as a moderate reformist, Trajkovski was selected as VMRO-DPMNE's candidate for president in the November 1999", "id": "20359438" }, { "contents": "Li Zhanshu\n\n\nChina and Russia, and is the first General Office chief in post-Mao China to have played such an active role in foreign affairs. For example, in 2015 Li was sent as a \"special representative\" of Xi Jinping to meet with Vladimir Putin in Moscow. During the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade held in Moscow, Li was a member of the Chinese delegation. Li was known to have accompanied Xi on the President's various meetings with foreign guests, including on Xi's 2015 state visit to the United States", "id": "2410837" }, { "contents": "Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia)\n\n\nand the vice president can no longer serve at the same time, the line of succession falls to the minister of foreign affairs, minister of home affairs and minister of defence concurrently until the succeeding President and Vice President are elected by the People's Consultative Assembly within thirty days. The role of the department is officially given as: The Indonesian Department of Home of Affairs traces its origin to the \"Departement van Binnenlands Bestuur\" of the Dutch East Indies Government. Its main function was to oversee police force, transmigration, and", "id": "2003313" }, { "contents": "Gender role\n\n\nwith crime and foreign affairs. That view lines up with the most common gender stereotypes. It has also been predicted that gender does only highly matter for female candidates that have not been politically established. These predictions apply further to established candidates, stating that gender would not be a defining factor for their campaign or the focal point of media coverage. This has been disproven by multiple scholars, often based on Hillary Clinton's multiple campaigns for the office of President of the United States. Additionally, when voters don't have a", "id": "20586021" }, { "contents": "Paul Deschanel\n\n\nthe separation of church and state. He also gained a position on the Committee of Foreign Affairs, and was president of the committee when the Franco-German treaty of 1911 came before Parliament. He was re-elected deputy in 1910, and on 23 May 1912 was chosen to be the Presidency of the Chamber. In this role he played a great part during World War I as the national orator; he delivered orations more frequently than he made speeches. He served until he was elected President of France on 17 January", "id": "20514067" }, { "contents": "Russia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics\n\n\nothers stated that Russia was \"just doing what the rest of the world does\". Russian President Vladimir Putin said that Russia had \"never supported any violations in sport, we have never supported it at the state level, and we will never support this\" and that the allegations were part of an \"anti-Russia policy\" by the West. Aleksei Pushkov, chairman of Russia's parliamentary foreign affairs committee, said that the IAAF's decision to uphold its ban was \"an act of political revenge against Russia for", "id": "12835068" }, { "contents": "History of U.S. foreign policy, 1861–1897\n\n\n. Republican Benjamin Harrison became president in 1889 after defeating Cleveland in the 1888 presidential election. Blaine and Secretary of State James G. Blaine found common ground on most major policy issues. Blaine played a major role in Harrison's administration, though Harrison made most of the major policy decisions in foreign affairs. Blaine served in the cabinet until 1892, when he resigned due to poor health and was replaced by John W. Foster. Harrison appreciated the forces of nationalism and imperialism which were inevitably pulling the United States onward into playing a more", "id": "20581888" }, { "contents": "President of Ukraine\n\n\nnations rests solely with the President. The President may appoint and dismiss heads of diplomatic missions of Ukraine to other states and to international organizations and accept the recall of diplomatic representatives to Ukraine of foreign states. Although the President does not head the executive branch of government, he has the right to nominate his candidates for Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence in the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. As per the checks and balances system of Ukrainian government, the President can veto laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada (except constitutional", "id": "16517481" }, { "contents": "Eric P. Schwartz\n\n\norganization Asia Watch (now the Asia Division of Human Rights Watch). In 1989, he became a staff consultant of the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. He worked there until 1993, when he moved to the United States National Security Council, serving in a variety of functions, with his senior most title being Senior Director and Special Assistant to the President for Multilateral and Humanitarian Affairs. There, he played a role in drafting the Clinton Administration's response to a number of peacekeeping, humanitarian", "id": "10052245" }, { "contents": "Shaxlo Maxmudova\n\n\nof Foreign Affairs, at the same time decreeing that Zokir Almatov should become Minister of Internal Affairs. It was rumored that her appointment was due to the influence of Shukrullo Mirsaidov. She did not last long in the position; events during her ministry included the entry of Uzbekistan into the United Nations and a state visit by the President of Turkey. She also met with representatives of the government of the United States during her tenure. Otherwise she did not play a major role in the diplomatic life of her country, and during", "id": "10351306" }, { "contents": "Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy\n\n\nSweet, Washington, D.C. bureau chief for the \"Chicago Sun-Times,\" asked President Barack Obama \"Recently, Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. was arrested at his home in Cambridge. What does that incident say to you? And what does it say about race relations in America?\" Obama replied, \"Now, I've – I don't know, not having been there and not seeing all the facts, what role race played in that. But I think it's fair to say, number one,", "id": "20118438" }, { "contents": "Germaine de Staël\n\n\ncareer and decided not to be re-eligible. \"Fine arts and letters will occupy my leisure.\" Though, in the succession of Comte de Montmorin the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the appointment of Narbonne as she played an important role and became the center of the stage. Marie Antoinette wrote to Hans Axel Fersen: \"Count Louis de Narbonne is finally Minister of War, since yesterday; what a glory for Mme de Staël and what a joy for her to have the whole army, all to herself.", "id": "1219271" }, { "contents": "Jakaya Kikwete\n\n\nelected President of the United Republic of Tanzania in December 2005, hence becoming the country's longest serving foreign minister. During his tenure in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tanzania played a significant role in bringing about peace in the Great Lakes region, particularly in The Democratic Republic Of Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Kikwete was also deeply involved in the process of rebuilding regional integration in East Africa. Specifically, several times, he was involved in a delicate process of establishing a customs union between the three", "id": "11389403" }, { "contents": "Edgar Granville, Baron Granville of Eye\n\n\nEye in Suffolk in 1929. He played a wide role within the Liberal Party, chairing their Agricultural Group, as secretary of the Foreign Affairs Group and as vice-president of the Young Liberals. Becoming a Liberal National for the 1931 general election, he served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to then Home Secretary, Sir Herbert Samuel, then to Sir John Simon, Foreign Secretary, in the National Governments of the 1930s. Granville served in the Royal Artillery as an officer in the Second World War, resigning his commission in August", "id": "13689786" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of North Korea\n\n\nthat the President of SPA Presidium, which can convene this assembly, represents the state and receives \"credentials and letters of recall from envoys accredited by other countries.\" Additionally, the cabinet of the DPRK has the authority to \"conclude treaties with foreign countries and conduct external affairs\" as noted in Article 125. The DPRK is one of the few countries in which the giving of presents still plays a significant role in diplomatic protocol, with Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reporting from time to time the country's leader", "id": "1588947" }, { "contents": "Benjamin Harrison\n\n\n, Harrison reaffirmed the Monroe Doctrine as a mainstay of foreign policy, while urging modernization of the Navy and a merchant marine force. He gave his commitment to international peace through noninterference in the affairs of foreign governments. John Philip Sousa's Marine Corps band played at the Inaugural Ball inside the Pension Building with a large crowd attending. After moving into the White House, Harrison noted, quite prophetically, \"There is only a door – one that is never locked – between the president's office and what are not very accurately", "id": "12511236" }, { "contents": "Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011\n\n\nintelligence service Omar Suleiman as Vice-President. Mubarak asked aviation minister and former chief of Egypt's Air Force, Ahmed Shafiq, to form a new government. Opposition to the Mubarak regime has coalesced around Mohamed ElBaradei, with all major opposition groups, including the Muslim Brotherhood, supporting his role as a negotiator for some form of transitional unity government. On 29 January, the head of the Egyptian Shura Council's Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, and also a part of the ruling party, said he does not believe the", "id": "5948358" }, { "contents": "Jorma Vanamo\n\n\n67, this time at the ambassador's post. During this time as President Urho Kekkonen, during the second time, he was convinced of Vanama's qualifications. In 1967, he was appointed State Secretary to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. During his State Secretaryshp, Vanama played an important role in dealing with the investigation of the operation of the Soviet Ambassador Aleksey Beljakov. Beljakov was revealed to support the Stalinist hardline wing of the Finnish Communist Party, which naturally strengthened the ideological role of the Soviet Union in domestic politics in", "id": "20510909" }, { "contents": "Antonio Guzmán Blanco\n\n\nthe Treaty of Coche, by which arms were laid down, and a general assembly called at La Victoria, which elected Falcón president and Guzmán vice president. The latter was at the same time secretary of the treasury, and went to London to negotiate a loan. In 1863, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela. On August 7, 1863, Guillermo Tell Villegas was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela (Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores) when he temporarily assumed the role of Guzman during Guzman's absence.", "id": "11310908" }, { "contents": "Joseph Périer\n\n\ntariffs. In 1845 it was joined by the committee of metallurgists. The council included Antoine Odier (President), Auguste Mimerel (Vice-President), Joseph Périer (Treasurer) and Louis-Martin Lebeuf (Secretary). Members included Henri Barbet, Léon Talabot and Eugène Schneider. During the July Revolution of 1830 Joseph Périer played a leading role in quieting a crowd that was on the point of attacking some disarmed soldiers who had taken refuge in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was a member of the General Council", "id": "20337014" }, { "contents": "Secretary of state\n\n\nand administrative assistance to the President and Vice President in running State affairs. In the President's case, the Minister-Secretary of State also provides assistance for the President in his role as Commander-in-chief of Indonesian National Armed Forces. In addition, the State Secretary provides the President and Vice President with their reports, coordinates household matters and protocols, as well as assisting in the drafting of bills and/or Governmental regulations. The Kuwaiti Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Sheikh Muhammad Al-Sabah Al-Salem Al-", "id": "14631783" }, { "contents": "Abdelaziz Bouteflika\n\n\nas Minister for Foreign Affairs. He was later a prime mover in the military coup led by Houari Boumediene that overthrew Ben Bella on 19 June 1965. Bouteflika continued as Minister for Foreign Affairs until the death of President Boumédienne in 1978. He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1974 and of the seventh special session in 1975. While in these posts he came in for severe criticism from the United States for what it regarded as politically partisan decisions. Algeria at this time was a leader of the", "id": "11679649" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of Mexico\n\n\nCastañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the \"Castañeda Doctrine\". The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community, and the increase of Mexican involvement in foreign affairs. On November 28, 2006, former President Felipe Calderón announced that Patricia Espinosa would serve as his Secretary of Foreign Affairs starting on December 1, 2006. He declared priorities include the diversification of the United States-Mexico agenda, heavily concentrated on immigration and security issues, and", "id": "19551761" }, { "contents": "Foreign policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration\n\n\nThe foreign policy of the Lyndon Johnson administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1963 to 1969, when Lyndon B. Johnson served as President of the United States. Johnson held office during the Cold War, a period of sustained geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. In foreign affairs, Johnson's presidency was dominated by the Vietnam War. The had stationed military personnel in South Vietnam since the 1950s, but Johnson presided over a major escalation of the U.S. role in the Vietnam War. After the", "id": "19103261" }, { "contents": "Eamon Gilmore\n\n\n1 January 2012, Ireland assumed the 2012 chair of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OCSE) for the first time. In his role as Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Gilmore served as the Chairman-in-Office of the OSCE. As Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Gilmore led Ireland's seventh Presidency of the Council of the European Union during the first half of 2013. He chaired the General Affairs Council of the European Union (EU) and acted as lead negotiator for the", "id": "15234983" }, { "contents": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev\n\n\nKazakhstan. In January 2002, he resigned and was subsequently appointed Secretary of State – Minister of Foreign Affairs. Tokayev continued to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs until January 2007 when he was elected as a Chairman of the Senate of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Tokayev held the post of Foreign Minister for ten years (1994–1999, 2002–2007). As a Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tokayev played an active role in the field of nuclear non-proliferation. In 1995 and 2005, he participated in the Review Conferences", "id": "8766895" }, { "contents": "Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle\n\n\n-Saharan French Africa a major component of his foreign-policy. All the colonies in 1958, except Guinea, voted to remain in the French Community, with representation in Parliament and a guarantee of French aid. In practice, nearly all the colonies became independent in the late 1950s, but maintained very strong connections. Under close supervision from the president, French advisors played a major role in civil and military affairs, thwarted coups, and, occasionally, replaced upstart local leaders. The French colonial system had always been based", "id": "12048757" }, { "contents": "Sabri Godo\n\n\nuntil his last days, he was Honorary President and Chairman of the National Assembly of PR. Sabri Godo was a Member of the Albanian Parliament in two legislatures, (1996-2002) simultaneously holding the position of the Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee. During this period and later, he played an active role in the intensification of Albanian relationships with European structures and other countries, extending his recognition to the highest levels of important political personalities. Godo's role in resolving the Kosovo issue, for which he fought for 22", "id": "3759146" }, { "contents": "Premiership of Margaret Thatcher\n\n\nMargaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 4 May 1979 and served until 28 November 1990. She was elected to the position after leading the British Conservative Party since 1975. In domestic affairs, Thatcher is best known for her sweeping policies concerning the affairs of the economy, including the privatisation of most nationalised industries. In foreign policy, she fought a war against Argentina and played a key role with US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in ending the Cold War. By the late 1980s, she would", "id": "14276119" }, { "contents": "Stanley Bruce\n\n\nher dominions in a wide range of areas, particularly in the areas of trade, defence and the formulation of a common foreign policy. He particularly desired a greater role for the dominions in imperial affairs, including a collective decision-making body for common questions of defence and foreign affairs. He took exception to a lack of involvement in foreign policy decisions made by Britain that would have significant ramifications for Australia. In 1922, in what became known as the Chanak Crisis, British brinkmanship over Turkey's aggressive manoeuvres to redefine its", "id": "5645621" }, { "contents": "Edmond-Charles Genêt\n\n\nasylum in America, which was granted. Genêt stayed in the United States until his death. Historian Carol Berkin, argues that the Genet affair strengthened popular respect for the president and strengthened his role in dealing with in foreign affairs. Genêt was born in Versailles in 1763. He was the ninth and final child of a French civil servant, Edmond Jacques Genêt (1726–1781), who was a head clerk in the ministry of foreign affairs. The elder Genêt analyzed British naval strength during the Seven Years' War and monitored the", "id": "19473568" }, { "contents": "Slovakia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence\n\n\nof Foreign Affairs issued this statement on its website: \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Slovak Republic takes note of the Kosovo unilateral declaration of independence. For the time being Slovakia does not consider recognising Kosovo on the basis of this declaration. Slovakia has always been in favour of the final settlement of the Kosovo status based upon an agreement with the decisive role of the UN Security Council in accordance with the UN-approved principles of the Contact Group. Slovakia will support all activities of the UN, European Union, NATO,", "id": "18682303" }, { "contents": "Morocco–United States relations\n\n\nin a continental war because of Morocco in 1905. President Theodore Roosevelt played an important role in settling the affair during the 1906 Algeciras Conference. Elihu Root, his Secretary of State, declared, \"Fair play is what the United States asks - for Morocco and for all the interested nations - and it confidently expects that outcome.” President Roosevelt offered a compromise plan which the European powers accepted. The proposal granted Morocco a greater deal of autonomy and allowed for all European nations to trade with Morocco. In 1912, after", "id": "4564125" }, { "contents": "History of foreign relations of the People's Republic of China\n\n\noutside world grew, party and government leaders at all levels increasingly were involved in foreign affairs. The president of the People's Republic fulfilled a ceremonial role as head of state and also was responsible for officially ratifying or abrogating treaties and agreements with foreign nations. In addition to meeting with foreign visitors, Chinese leaders, including the president, the premier, and officials at lower levels, traveled abroad regularly. In the late 1980s, the Political Bureau, previously thought of as the major decision-making body, was no longer", "id": "11737508" }, { "contents": "Hilia Barber\n\n\nHilia Barber is a Bissau-Guinean politician who served as the country's first female Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1999. She has also served as the country's ambassador to France and Israel. Hilia Barber has a long history in the foreign service. She was chief of the Guinea-Bissau Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Europe-America department in 1982. In this role Barber was part of a delegation sent to Cuba to negotiate technical assistance, international scholarships and military training. She presented her credentials to President of Israel Ezer", "id": "10129532" }, { "contents": "Ernest Bevin\n\n\nbetween Bevin and Herbert Morrison, who was scheduled to play a leading role in Labour domestic policy. At that time diplomats were recruited from public schools, and it was said of Bevin that it was hard to imagine him filling any other job in the Foreign Office except perhaps that of an old and truculent lift attendant. In praise of Bevin, his Permanent Secretary at the Foreign Office (Alexander Cadogan) wrote, \"He knows a great deal, is prepared to read any amount, seems to take in what he does", "id": "15921839" }, { "contents": "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower\n\n\nadvertisements; this was the first presidential election in which television played a major role. In domestic policy, Eisenhower attacked the growing influence of the federal government in the economy, while in foreign affairs, he supported a strong American role in stemming the expansion of Communism. Eisenhower adopted much of the rhetoric and positions of the contemporary GOP, and many of his public statements were designed to win over conservative supporters of Taft. A potentially devastating allegation hit when Nixon was accused by several newspapers of receiving $18,000 in undeclared \"gifts", "id": "18329646" }, { "contents": "1965 Algerian coup d'état\n\n\nexpand the people's militias while simultaneously reducing the role of the military. Ben Bella had also forced the resignation of two allies of Boumédiène,the interior minister, Ahmed Medeghri, and the minister for foreign affairs, Abdelaziz Bouteflika (who later became President of Algeria in 1999). The reshuffle intensified the growing power struggle between Boumédiène and Ben Bella, playing a major role in the June 19 coup. Boumédiène spent time travailing in early 1965, making trips to Baghdad, Cairo, and Moscow. In Cairo, he represented", "id": "3251709" }, { "contents": "Egyptian Fund for Technical Cooperation with Africa\n\n\nAfrica and to consolidate Egypt's pivotal role in the continent in the post decolonization era. As Egypt played historical role in supporting the African liberation movements in their struggle against Colonization and racial discrimination under the rule of the late Egyptian president Nasser. The EFTCA is considered a part of the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs with an independent budget and has its development cooperation programs that cover most of the African continent. Since its establishment in 1980, \"EFTCA\" contributed effectively in building capacities and developing human resources in African countries aiming at", "id": "977329" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of the Gambia\n\n\nThe Gambia followed a formal policy of non-alignment throughout most of former President Dawda Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained the Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Since 1995, President Yahya Jammeh has established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, the Republic of China (on Taiwan, before 2013), and Cuba. The Gambia plays an active role in international affairs, especially West African", "id": "20108217" }, { "contents": "William Bundy\n\n\nWilliam Putnam \"Bill\" Bundy (September 24, 1917 – October 6, 2000) was an American attorney and intelligence expert, an analyst with the CIA. Bundy served as a foreign affairs advisor to both presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He had key roles in planning the Vietnam War, serving as deputy to Paul Nitze under Kennedy and as Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific affairs under Johnson. After leaving government service in 1969, Bundy served as a historian of foreign affairs, teaching at", "id": "4478082" }, { "contents": "Russia involvement in regime change\n\n\nsaid the arrival of the planes was approved and authorized by Maduro. Russian Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Maria Zakharova also confirmed the presence of military personnel in Venezuela, arguing that the countries had a bilateral agreement on military cooperation signed by Presidents Putin and Chávez in May 2001. National Assembly president Juan Guaidó declared that foreign soldiers have been \"imported\" because Maduro's government does not trust the Venezuelan Armed Forces. National Assembly deputy Williams Dávila said the National Assembly would investigate the \"penetration of foreign forces in Venezuela\", since Venezuela's", "id": "20003077" }, { "contents": "Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)\n\n\nThe Ministers of Foreign Affairs () is Ukraine's head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which is in charge of a diplomatic corps and realization of the state foreign policy. The Minister of Foreign Affairs is appointed by the President. Since Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, there have been 13 Ministers. Leonid Kozhara, under President Yanukovich, has been heading the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in 2013. Actual minister, appointed by President Poroshenko is Pavlo Klimkin (from June 19, 2014)", "id": "13364770" }, { "contents": "Bricker Amendment\n\n\nSupreme Court held New York was interfering with the President's exclusive power over foreign affairs, independent of any language in the Constitution, a doctrine it enunciated in \"United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.\" and ordered New York to pay the money to the Federal Government. The Court declared that \"the Fifth Amendment does not stand in the way of giving full force and effect to the Litvinov Assignment\" and The powers of the President in the conduct of foreign relations included the power, without consent of the Senate,", "id": "13734895" }, { "contents": "Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)\n\n\nfor External Affairs, from 1909 until 1912, (Charles Murphy under Sir Wilfrid Laurier and William James Roche under Sir Robert Borden) concurrently served as Secretary of State for Canada. The two portfolios were permanently separated in 1912, and the External Affairs portfolio was then held by the Prime Minister of Canada until 1946. Ministers holding the External Affairs and Foreign Affairs portfolios have sometimes played prominent international roles: As in Pearson's case (and that of Louis St. Laurent, his predecessor), the portfolio can be a final stepping", "id": "220476" }, { "contents": "Cultural diplomacy\n\n\noverlooked, cultural diplomacy can and does play an important role in achieving national security efforts. Culture is a set of values and practices that create meaning for society. This includes both high culture (literature, art, and education, which appeals to elites) and popular culture (appeals to the masses). This is what governments seek to show foreign audiences when engaging in cultural diplomacy. It is a type of soft power, which is the \"ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments.", "id": "20090037" }, { "contents": "Constitution of Finland\n\n\nconfidence of Parliament, is given a greater role in presidential decision-making. The most notable change was the transfer of the final decision on the introduction and withdrawal of Government bills from the President of the Republic to the Government, this including bills in the area of foreign affairs. In relation to the formation of the Government, the provisions of the new Constitution transfer the appointment of the Prime Minister from the President to Parliament. The new Constitution thus marked the end of the President's leading role in the formation of the", "id": "909158" }, { "contents": "Air Defense Identification Zone (East China Sea)\n\n\nCarriers\" that the U.S. government generally expects that U.S. carriers operating internationally will operate consistent with NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen) issued by foreign countries but also stressed that this does not mean U.S. government acceptance of China's ADIZ requirements. On 4 December 2013, American vice president Joe Biden discussed the issue at length with Chinese president Xi Jinping. Australia summoned the Chinese ambassador in Australia to protest and the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs issued the following remarks: Chinese Foreign Ministry said China cannot accept \"the Australian side's irresponsible", "id": "13698428" }, { "contents": "Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe\n\n\nthe TCE. The TCE unifies legal instruments across areas of policy (referred to as pillars of the European Union in previous treaties). Specifically: Under the TCE, the role of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy would be amalgamated with the role of the Commissioner for External Relations. This would create a new Union Minister for Foreign Affairs who would also be a Vice President of the Commission. This individual would be responsible for co-ordinating foreign policy across the Union, representing the EU abroad in areas where", "id": "8676744" }, { "contents": "List of international trips made by the President of the United States\n\n\npresidential international travel taboo (though foreign travel by former presidents was acceptable). Domestic travel was regarded as a welcome opportunity for presidents to talk with the people who had elected them, but foreign travel was seen in an altogether different light. The general public did not want their president mingling with royalty, visiting grand palaces, or exchanging bows with kings and queens. This taboo was broken in the early 20th century, as policy makers at the federal level began to reevaluate the nation's role in international affairs. The first", "id": "5797701" }, { "contents": "Traian Băsescu\n\n\nthe President nor the Transport Minister had the legal means to solve. In the spring of 2007, when Foreign Minister Mihai-Răzvan Ungureanu resigned, Băsescu refused to accept Prime-Minister Tăriceanu's nomination of Adrian Cioroianu as the country's new Minister of Foreign Affairs, claiming that Cioroianu did not have enough experience. On 5 April 2007, the Constitutional Court decided that \"The Romanian President doesn't have veto power, but, if he observes that the proposed person does not correspond to the legal conditions required to be a", "id": "5102363" }, { "contents": "Alieu Badara Njie\n\n\nAlieu Badara Njie (17 October 1904 – 21 April 1982) was a Gambian statesman who served as the 3rd Vice-President of the Gambia from 1977 to 1981. He served as the first Gambian High Commissioner to Senegal and in Dawda Jawara's first cabinet. He held several ministerial roles under Jawara and played a key role in securing Gambian independence. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1965–1967 and 1974–77, Minister of Communications from 1960–1961 and 1963–1965, Minister of Works from 1962–1965, Minister of Information from 1970–1971, and Minister", "id": "5874218" }, { "contents": "Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)\n\n\n(or better, roles) played by causation in scientific practice is undeniable; what Cartwright does, then, is reconfigure empiricism from the ground up based on this insight. In the reconfiguration process, many mainstays of the received view of science take a beating; especially [...] the fundamentality of laws of nature. Cartwright served as the president of the Philosophy of Science Association (2009–10) and as vice-president (2007–8) and president (2008–9) of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association. She is", "id": "9551790" }, { "contents": "Jerusalem Embassy Act\n\n\nof Legal Counsel concluded that the provisions of the Embassy Relocation Act \"invade exclusive presidential authorities in the field of foreign affairs and are unconstitutional.\" Former U.S. presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama have alluded to or explicitly stated the belief that Congressional resolutions attempting to legislate foreign policy infringe upon the Executive's authority and responsibility to carry out sound and effective U.S. foreign relations. Regarding the status of Jerusalem specifically, President Bush had deemed Congress' role as merely \"advisory\", stating that it \"impermissibly interferes", "id": "10726370" }, { "contents": "Foreign policy of Japan\n\n\n. It accommodated itself flexibly to the regional and global policies of the United States while avoiding major initiatives of its own; adhered to pacifist principles embodied in the 1947 constitution, referred to as the \"peace constitution\"; and generally took a passive, low-profile role in world affairs. Relations with other countries were governed by what the leadership called \"omnidirectional diplomacy,\" which was essentially a policy of maintaining political neutrality in foreign affairs while expanding economic relations wherever possible. This policy was highly successful and allowed Japan to", "id": "18124861" }, { "contents": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)\n\n\nthis end all Polish diplomatic missions around the world are subordinate to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ambassadors, whilst receiving their credentials from the President of Poland, are employees of the foreign ministry and are recommended to the President for their posts by the minister of foreign affairs. The ministry is considered to be one of Poland's most important, with the minister of foreign affairs ranking amongst the most influential people in Polish politics. This position is typically reserved for seasoned, professional politicians, and is thought to require a great deal", "id": "14044665" }, { "contents": "Council of the European Union\n\n\nthe following Presidency also assists the presiding member and may take over work if requested. The exception however is the foreign affairs council, which has been chaired by the High Representative since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. The role of the Presidency is administrative and political. On the administrative side it is responsible for procedures and organising the work of the Council during its term. This includes summoning the Council for meetings along with directing the work of COREPER and other committees and working groups. The political element is the role", "id": "6028041" }, { "contents": "Eamon Gilmore\n\n\n1997. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency from 1989 to 2016. At the 2011 general election he led the Labour Party to its best electoral performance, with a record 37 Dáil seats. Labour entered into a coalition government with Fine Gael, with Gilmore being appointed Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade. As Minister for Foreign Affairs he led Ireland's seventh presidency of the European Council during the first half of 2013, and took on the role of chief negotiator for the Council in", "id": "15234953" }, { "contents": "Arikpo Okoi\n\n\n. “The pivotal role that the Ministry of External Affairs was able to play in the foreign policy decision-making system was also due to the sort of leadership that the Commissioner for External Affairs was able to provide. Dr. Okoi Arikpo, who was the Commissioner, was a respected politician and an able administrator. His steady and competent leadership earned respect and support of the career diplomats who dominated the Ministry of External affairs. Arikpo’s ability to work effectively with the career diplomats was also enhanced by his cautious and moderate foreign", "id": "1023241" }, { "contents": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)\n\n\ninformation and technological revolution, the increase in the role of non-governmental organisations in international relations, and the emergence of economic globalisation. The Ministry is responsible for conducting the Egypt's foreign relations within the framework of the Egyptian Cabinet. It plays an essential role in collecting and evaluating political, economic, cultural, and scientific information that may affect foreign relations. It is also responsible for planning and implementing Egyptian foreign policy, and co-ordinating with the other Egyptian ministries and institutions concerned. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1952", "id": "18954188" }, { "contents": "Armenia–Denmark relations\n\n\nhave worked to build ties, with both government and NGOs playing a role. According to the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, civil society agencies such as \"Mission Ost\", the \"Danish Armenian Mission\" and the \"Danish Society for the Caucasus Research\" have been active in developing the bilateral relationship. In 2003, 100 illegal Armenian immigrants lived in Denmark, and was a subject for return to Armenia, in the negotiations between the two governments. In 2004, Armenia's President Robert Kocharyan discussed the developing relationship with", "id": "1936694" } ]

[ { "contents": "Limited overs cricket\n\n\nby Herschelle Gibbs of the South African cricket team when, in the 2007 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies, he hit 6 sixes in one over bowled by Daan van Bunge of the Netherlands. This record is shared by Yuvraj Singh of India who achieved this feat in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa, he hit 6 sixes in an over bowled by Stuart Broad of England. Sachin Tendulkar holds the record of being the first male cricketer to score a double century in ODIs (200 not out). He", "id": "3088088" }, { "contents": "Lancashire County Cricket Club in 2005\n\n\nway to 273 for 6 at Chelmsford. His innings included five sixes and four fours, as Sajid Mahmood was the main recipient of his boundary-hitting - ending with figures of two for 67 in nine overs. England Under-19 player Tom Smith, who had taken 15 Test wickets in three U-19 matches with Sri Lanka, proved that the gap between Under-19 cricket and List A cricket is huge, as he finished with 42 off his five overs. When Lancashire Lightning batted, Darren Gough got an early wicket of Iain Sutcliffe,", "id": "17809818" }, { "contents": "Justin Avendano\n\n\nJustin Avendano (born 11 August 1993) is an Australian cricketer who represents the Sydney Sixers in the Big Bash League. Avendano plays club cricket for North Sydney and for the Cricket NSW High Performance Transition Academy squad. In 2012 featured on the FOX Sports reality show \"Cricket Superstar\". Avendano is a big hitting batsman and in a Sydney Sixers Academy match in November 2018 against Auckland at the Hurtsville Oval, his innings of 122 from 63 balls included hitting the maximum 6 sixes in one single 6-ball over. Avendano also hit", "id": "18815653" }, { "contents": "Keith Stackpole\n\n\nKeith Raymond Stackpole Junior (born 10 July 1940) is a former Victorian and Australian cricketer who played in 43 Tests and 6 ODIs from 1966 to 1974, who is now a radio cricket commentator. His father, Keith Senior also played first-class cricket and was a noted Australian rules footballer for Collingwood and Fitzroy. Stackpole was a big, heavy batsman in the Colin Milburn mould and quite capable of hitting the ball all over the ground. He made his Test debut against England in the Fourth Test in Adelaide in 1965–66", "id": "3922288" }, { "contents": "Amar Singh (cricketer)\n\n\nAt Lord's in 1936 he claimed 4/10 in his first nine overs and overall 6 for 35 from his 25.1 overs. In the next Test at Old Trafford he hit 48 not out to save India from an innings defeat. In the unofficial five-Test series against Lord Tennyson's MCC team of 1937–38 he captured 36 wickets at 16.66. Much to the delight of the Burnley supporters, Amar Singh scored two centuries and six half-centuries. There was a 167 against Rishton, followed by a hard-hitting 112 versus", "id": "9217329" }, { "contents": "Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968)\n\n\nIjaz Ahmed (Urdu: اعجاز احمد) (born 20 September 1968 in Sialkot) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former cricketer who played 60 Tests and 250 One Day Internationals for Pakistan over a period from 1986 to 2001. He is considered as one of the greatest fielders of all time, Ijaz played a major role in 1992 Cricket World Cup winning Pakistani team. Ijaz had the lowest batting average of the team, with a Test average of 38 and an ODI average of 32, but he did hit six Test centuries", "id": "4585434" }, { "contents": "Boundary (cricket)\n\n\nfirst player to hit a six off the first ball in a Test cricket match. On 31 August 1968, Garfield Sobers became the first man to hit six sixes off a single six-ball over in first-class cricket. The over was bowled by Malcolm Nash in Nottinghamshire's first innings against Glamorgan at St Helen's in Swansea. Nash was a seam bowler but decided to try his arm at spin bowling. This achievement was caught on film. On 10 January 1985, Ravi Shastri equaled Garry Sobers's record of", "id": "15750375" }, { "contents": "List of England Test cricket centurions\n\n\nIn cricket, a century occurs when a batsman scores 100 runs or more in an innings. 167 England players have scored centuries in Test matches. The first England batsman to hit a century was W. G. Grace, who made 152 in the first innings of England's five-wicket victory over Australia at The Oval on 6 September 1880. The player with the most centuries for England is Alastair Cook, who has made 33 since his first against India at the Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground in Nagpur on 1 March 2006. Wally", "id": "15168767" }, { "contents": "Foffie Williams\n\n\nErnest Albert Vivian \"Foffie\" Williams (10 April 1914, Bank Hall, St Michael, Barbados – 13 April 1997, Bridgetown, Barbados) was a West Indian cricketer who played in four Tests in 1939 and 1948. In the second innings of the First Test at Bridgetown in 1948, Williams hit his first six balls to the boundary: 6, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4. He reached 50 in half an hour and finished with 72 in 63 minutes. His highest first-class score was", "id": "2721238" }, { "contents": "Essex County Cricket Club in 2005\n\n\nnot out with five sixes as Essex Eagles made their way to 273 for 6 at Chelmsford. Sajid Mahmood was the main recipient of ten Doeschate's boundary-hitting – ending with figures of two for 67 in nine overs. England Under-19 player Tom Smith, who had taken 15 Test wickets in three U-19 matches with Sri Lanka, finished with 42 conceded runs off his five overs. When Lancashire Lightning batted, Darren Gough got the early wicket of Iain Sutcliffe, and despite scores in the 30s from Andrew Crook and Mal Loye", "id": "14498882" }, { "contents": "Chris Broad\n\n\nBrian Christopher Broad (born 29 September 1957) is a former English cricketer and broadcaster who currently serves as a cricket official. As an opening batsman, he played 26 Test matches for England and scored six centuries, together with 34 One Day International matches with a respectable over 40 average. He is known largely for his feats during the 1986/87 Ashes series where he hit three centuries in consecutive Tests, and for his fiery demeanour at the crease. Broad's children are both involved in cricket. His son Stuart is a fast", "id": "1845627" }, { "contents": "Carlisle Best\n\n\nCarlisle Alonza Best (born 14 May 1959) is a Barbadian former cricketer who played eight Tests and 24 One Day Internationals for the West Indies. He represented the West Indies at the 1987 World Cup. A right-handed batsman, Best hit his first scoring shot on his Test debut for six runs. This was only the second time in the history of Test cricket that this feat had been achieved. Over his career, Best made one century in each international format (both coming against England), and also captained", "id": "2808684" }, { "contents": "Glamorgan County Cricket Club\n\n\nwas the unintentional venue for a piece of cricket history on 31 August 1968 when, during Glamorgan v Notts at Swansea, Gary Sobers hit all six balls in an over from Malcolm Nash for six. Glamorgan won the championship again under Tony Lewis in 1969 and Matthew Maynard in 1997. Lewis is the only Glamorgan player to captain England in Tests, when he became the first Glamorgan cricketer to lead an England tour abroad to play series against India and Pakistan in 1972-73. Maynard, who retired at the end of the", "id": "3028670" }, { "contents": "Comparison of baseball and cricket\n\n\ncricket\" (unfair), \"had a good innings\", \"sticky wicket\", \"hitting for six\", \"played with a straight bat\" and \"bowled over\". The twelve Test-playing nations regularly participate in tours of other nations to play usually both a Test and One Day International series. Twenty20 is becoming more popular in international competition. The amateur game has also been spread further afield by expatriates from the Test-playing nations. Many of these minor cricketing nations (including the USA and", "id": "9610721" }, { "contents": "Jack Ryder (cricketer)\n\n\nworld record team total of 1,107. Ryder smashed six sixes, including two in three balls, and was out attempting to hit another six to bring up his triple century. For over 50 years after his retirement, he held the record for games played and runs scored in Melbourne District Cricket, before being passed by district stalwart John Scholes. Ryder's bowling brought him 150 wickets for Victoria and 805 in all grades and he was an outstanding fieldsman, who once caught five English batsman in a Test innings. Ryder's career", "id": "6437324" }, { "contents": "Wankhede Stadium\n\n\n1996 as well as 2011 Cricket World Cup. The stadium is also the host to the match in which Ravi Shastri hit six sixes in an over. As of 19 July 2017, it has hosted 25 Tests, 20 ODIs and 5 T20Is. Mumbai has seen Test matches played at three different grounds. The Bombay Gymkhana ground hosted the first ever Test in India, in 1933–34 against England. After World War II, the Cricket Club of India Ltd's Brabourne Stadium – second ground of the city – was used for 17", "id": "20502871" }, { "contents": "Amar Singh (cricketer)\n\n\ntime, who displayed his lower-order batting prowess, hitting 51 with the help of one six. He added 74 runs for the eighth wicket with Lall Singh, who scored 29 runs. Ultimately, Amar Singh was the last man out for 187, and India lost by 158 runs. Amar Singh Lodha played the rest of his six test matches against England, producing several of his best displays, including 4 for 106 in Kolkata in 1934, 6 or 35 at Lord's in 1936, and his career-best", "id": "9217338" }, { "contents": "Younis Khan\n\n\na very occasional leg-spin bowler. Once, Craig McMillan hit Younis for 26 runs, 4 4 4 4 6 4 in an over, a then world record, during 3rd Test at Westpac Trust Park, Hamilton. He has performed particularly well on foreign grounds, including on tours of Australia, India, England and Sri Lanka. In the six Tests he has played against India, Younis averages an exceptional 106, the highest average against India by a Pakistani cricketer. Apart from his 267 at Bangalore, Younis also", "id": "15680436" }, { "contents": "Stuart Broad\n\n\nnot prevent another defeat for England. On 19 September 2007, Indian batsman Yuvraj Singh hit six sixes from one Broad over in a group match at Kingsmead Cricket Ground in Durban, South Africa, during 2007's ICC World Twenty20. This was the fourth time the feat had been performed in senior cricket and the only time in Twenty20 cricket. The performance has never been repeated in any form of the game in international cricket against a leading bowler from a test playing nation. The 36-runs from the Broad over helped Yuvraj Singh make", "id": "6936609" }, { "contents": "Australian Cricket Hall of Fame\n\n\nAustralia's legendary cricketers. It was opened on 6 December 1996 by the then Prime Minister, John Howard. The hall of fame opened with ten inaugural members, ranging from Fred Spofforth, a pace bowler who retired from Test cricket in 1887, to Dennis Lillee who played his last Test match in 1984. , the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame comprises 49 members. All twelve members of the Australian Cricket Board Team of the Century are included, six of them amongst the inaugural members. The vast majority are men; Belinda", "id": "2852712" }, { "contents": "Ravi Shastri\n\n\n, he equaled West Indian Garry Sobers's record of hitting six sixes in an over in first class cricket. He was regarded as a potential captain, but his image outside cricket, injuries and tendency to lose form at crucial times meant that he captained India in only one Test match. In domestic cricket, he played for Bombay and led them to the Ranji Trophy title in his final year of playing. He also played four seasons of county cricket for Glamorgan. He was forced to retire aged 31 due to a recurring", "id": "19606984" }, { "contents": "History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900\n\n\nuntil the next season, though his illness killed him in 1902. The fourth and fifth Tests were both draws. Between those Tests, Albert Trott, playing for the Marylebone Cricket Club against the Australians, notably hit a six off the bowling of Monty Noble that went over the pavilion at Lord's. This remains the only time someone has achieved this since the current pavilion was built. The fourth Test was also notable for WM (Bill) Bradley taking a wicket (that of Frank Laver) with his first ball in", "id": "5544315" }, { "contents": "Boundary (cricket)\n\n\n, and usually fewer than 10 (and sometimes none) will be scored in the course of a match (especially a Test match). The record for most sixes in a Test match innings is 12, which was achieved by Pakistani all-rounder Wasim Akram during an innings of 257 not out against Zimbabwe in October 1996 at Sheikhupura. The One Day International record for most sixes hit in an innings is held by Eoin Morgan, who hit 17 sixes against Afghanistan at Old Trafford on 18 June 2019 in his innings of", "id": "15750372" }, { "contents": "Alan Thomson (cricketer)\n\n\nhe was called up for the First Test in the 1970-71 Ashes series, having by this stage in his career taken 120 wickets in 22 matches at 20.01, but he failed to live up to expectations. In the Fifth Test at Melbourne Thomson bowled bouncers at the England fast bowler John Snow, who had hit Garth McKenzie on the head in the previous Test, and six in one eight-ball over against the captain Ray Illingworth. Thomson was not warned for intimidatory bowling, which Snow thought was partisan umpiring as", "id": "11243732" }, { "contents": "Boundary (cricket)\n\n\nhitting six sixes in an over in first class cricket. On 16 March 2007, in a match between South Africa and the Netherlands at the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Herschelle Gibbs became the first person to hit six sixes off an over in a One Day International match. The over was bowled by Dutch leg-spinner Daan van Bunge. On 19 September 2007, during a match between England and India in the inaugural T20 World Cup, Yuvraj Singh became the first batsman to hit six sixes in an over in a T20", "id": "15750376" }, { "contents": "Ted Alletson\n\n\n4, 6. This new world record for first-class cricket lasted for 57 years until Garry Sobers hit 36 off an over in 1968. There was speculation that the fielder was over the boundary rope when he took the catch to dismiss Alletson: if this was the case then according to the laws of cricket Alletson should have been credited with six more runs rather than being given out. Anyway, Alletson had done enough to save the match: it ended in a draw, with Sussex, who needed 237 to win", "id": "5888656" }, { "contents": "2005–06 Australian cricket season\n\n\nthen claimed the first five wickets, as the Bulls were five for 113, and they eventually needed ten off the last over. However, Chris Hartley hit a six off the first ball, and with two needed to win off three balls he hit another six to secure the victory. The second Test began at Melbourne Cricket Ground on 26 December, Boxing Day, with Australia batting to two for 154 before Shaun Pollock and André Nel started taking wickets; Nel finished with bowling figures on the day of four for 58 as", "id": "2685578" }, { "contents": "Bangladeshi cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2006\n\n\nThe Bangladeshi cricket team toured Zimbabwe from July 29 to August 6, 2006. The tour included only five One Day International, as Zimbabwe have voluntarily withdrawn from Test cricket. Zimbabwe changed captains before this series, sacking Terry Duffin and replacing him with Prosper Utseya. Utseya began his tenure with a last-over victory. Stuart Matsikenyeri, playing his first international since March 2005, was Man of the Match after hitting his highest ODI score with 89, including a stand of 116 for the sixth wicket with Elton Chigumbura, who", "id": "13409450" }, { "contents": "West Indian cricket team in England in 2007\n\n\nthe third-highest scorer behind Bell and Cook. With just three overs before lunch, the West Indies made six runs in the first over before an unpredictable over from Steve Harmison, who conceded six runs with wides before delivering his first legal delivery of the Test. However, in a 9-ball over, he did get Daren Ganga out lbw for 6. During the lunch break, West Indies lodged a complaint against Harmison who had unwittingly contravened Law 17 by practising on the match strip before the innings. The complaint was denied", "id": "12941434" }, { "contents": "Eric Rowan\n\n\nRowan set the test record for the highest score in a test innings by any player without hitting a boundary or a six as well as did not try to run four times in that innings.(67*).In 1978, his record was almost broken by Geoffrey Boycott who scored 77* without hitting even a single boundary or a six, but he ran four times in a row to collect four runs in that innings.(though the total included one all-run four) Rowan also having the record for being the oldest test cricketer to score a double century(42", "id": "22018432" }, { "contents": "Adam Gilchrist\n\n\nDay International (ODI) cricket until it was surpassed by Kumar Sangakkara in 2015 and the most by an Australian in Test cricket. His strike rate is amongst the highest in the history of both ODI and Test cricket; his century against England at Perth in December 2006 is the fourth-fastest century in all Test cricket. He was the first player to have hit 100 sixes in Test cricket. His 17 Test centuries are the most by a wicket-keeper and his 16 in ODIs second only to Sangakkara. He holds", "id": "19816312" }, { "contents": "Salim Durani\n\n\nto hit a six. The crowd would cheer, \"We want a sixer!\" and Durani would hit one. Durani had a special rapport with the spectators, who once agitated when he was inexplicably dropped from the team for the Kanpur Test in 1973, with placards and slogans such as, \"No Durani, no test!\". As he was afgan born Indian test cricketer he was also the part of historic test India VS Afghanistan on June-14-2018 He appeared in the film \"Charitra\" with Parveen Babi", "id": "7615579" }, { "contents": "Freddie Brown (cricketer)\n\n\nits 1933 matches. Brown was chosen as one of the 1933 Wisden Cricketers of the Year for his \"double\" of 100 wickets and 1,000 runs in 1932. He played less cricket after 1933 but was recalled for the second Test against New Zealand in 1937 when he hit 57 with a six and 8 fours and took 3/81 and 1/14. He was dropped again and it was thought that his Test career was over. His career-best bowling was 8/34, achieved against Somerset just two weeks before the Second World War began", "id": "16454324" }, { "contents": "Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)\n\n\nthe second highest during the away tour to Zimbabwe. Rafique is also known as a handy, hard-hitting lower-order batsman. His 77 versus Kenya in May 1998 at Hyderabad was instrumental in Bangladesh's first ever ODI win against Kenya. With the ball, he took 3/56, and was adjudged the man of the match. He also scored a Test century against the West Indies in Bangladesh's drawn Test. Also he scored 65 against Australia in 2005-6, including six sixes. He was instrumental in steering", "id": "20459175" }, { "contents": "Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2005–06\n\n\n, who got two wickets, conceded 136 in 31 overs. Faisal Iqbal, who returned after a three-year hiatus from Test cricket, scored his first Test century in his eleventh Test, and left Pakistan with a lead of 518, well ahead of the all-time Test record chase of 418 to win. Iqbal and Razzaq continued to hit out for Pakistan, before Iqbal was dismissed for 139 and Razzaq joined him in the pavilion the next over. With seven men down, Pakistan declared on 599, leaving India", "id": "12878883" }, { "contents": "Boundary (cricket)\n\n\n148 off 71 balls. Brendon McCullum currently holds the record for most sixes in a Test career with 107. Shahid Afridi holds the record for most sixes in an ODI career (351 in 398 matches, 369 innings, on his retirement). The record for the most sixes in a Test match is 27, which occurred during a 2006 Test match between Pakistan and India at the Iqbal Stadium in Faisalabad. In their first innings, Pakistan hit eleven sixes. India hit nine in their first innings. Pakistan hit seven more", "id": "15750373" }, { "contents": "George Bonnor\n\n\nGeorge John Bonnor (25 February 1855 – 27 June 1912) was an Australian cricketer, known for his big hitting, who played Test cricket between 1880 and 1888. Bonnor was born in Bathurst, New South Wales, and made his international debut in the first match played in England in 1880. Being very tall for the 19th century at 6 foot 6 inches he was also exceedingly strong and made the most of it with some powerful hitting, however at times his cavalier attitude led to some periods of poor scores as well", "id": "2527555" }, { "contents": "Ramnaresh Sarwan\n\n\nbest bowling figures of 4 for 37. During the most recent controversy involving the bowling action of Sri Lanka great Muttiah Muralitharan, which led to an International Cricket Council investigation of most of the world's international-class bowlers, Sarwan was found to be the only bowler tested who did not transgress the Laws of Cricket regarding the straightening of the arm during delivery. On 23 June 2006, on his 26th birthday, while playing against India Sarwan hit 6 fours in an over off Munaf Patel and emulated Sandeep Patil (off Bob", "id": "20111677" }, { "contents": "Lindsay Hassett with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\n\n\nout for the top score of 151 while attempting a big hit, leaving the score at 6/446, having anchored the tourists’ innings. Australia declared at 7/522 and bowled out the hosts for 298 when rain ended the match. Hassett bowled six wicketless overs and conceded 28 runs in South's only innings. Australia's biggest challenge in the post-Test tour matches was against the H. D. G. Leveson-Gower's XI. During the last tour in 1938, this team was effectively a full-strength England outfit, but", "id": "1753243" }, { "contents": "Trevor Bayliss\n\n\nrestrict their opponents to 153–8, and they went on to win the match by seven wickets. England lost the final after Ben Stokes was hit for four consecutive sixes, although it was still a big improvement from England and their exciting brand of cricket was generally praised. Following their win over South Africa, England went into the series against Sri Lanka on a high. The only change to the Test side was enforced, with James Vince replacing James Taylor, who had retired due to health reasons. England won the first Test", "id": "4115951" }, { "contents": "Boundary (cricket)\n\n\nsixes in their second innings. The record for most sixes in a One Day International is 46, which was achieved in a match between West Indies and England at St George’s on 27 February 2019. England hit 24 and West Indies hit 22 sixes. The equivalent record in Twenty20 Internationals was set on the AMI Stadium, 24 sixes were hit during the Twenty20 International match between India and New Zealand on 25 February 2009. In 2012, during the First Test against Bangladesh in Dhaka, West Indies cricketer Chris Gayle became the", "id": "15750374" }, { "contents": "Shaheen Afridi\n\n\nShaheen Shah Afridi (, ; born 6 April 2000) is a Pakistani professional cricketer who plays as a fast bowler for the Pakistan national cricket team. He made his international debut for Pakistan in April 2018 and his Test match debut for the team in December 2018. In 2017, Afridi was noted as a 6-foot 6 inch 17-year-old Pakistani fast-bowling talent who can bowl 90 mph and also for his big-hitting ability. He considers himself an all-rounder and seeks to excel in bowling, batting and", "id": "2508673" }, { "contents": "Mount Riverview, New South Wales\n\n\n, unsupported and unorganised basketball team playing in the Springwood and Districts Basketball Association (SDBA) domestic competition at the Blaxland High School Sports Centre . Team members consist of players who have attended Mount Riverview Primary School or who currently reside, or who have previously resided in the Mount Riverview area. Mount Riverview is also the home of test cricketer Patrick Cummins, who made an explosive impact on the world of cricket with his debut test in South Africa during November, 2011, taking six wickets in an innings and hitting the winning runs", "id": "21222862" }, { "contents": "John Watkins (South African cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Cecil Watkins (born 10 April 1923) is a former South African cricketer who played in fifteen Tests from 1949 to 1957. He was born in Durban, Natal. His best series with the bat was in Australia in 1952-53, when he made 352 runs at 35.20. In the Fifth Test at Melbourne, after Australia batted first and made 520, Watkins, batting at number three, hit 92 (his highest Test score) and 50 to help South Africa to victory by six wickets, to square the", "id": "1013630" }, { "contents": "Narsingh Deonarine\n\n\nSarwan at the bowlers end. Narsingh hit a 6 to win it for Guyana, capping one of the most exciting comebacks in the history of 20 over cricket. He was later rewarded with the Play of the Match award for his million dollar 6, and a hefty cheque of $25,000. He returned to the West Indies Test team for the Third Test against Australia at Perth on 16 December 2009 after both Shivnarine Chanderpaul and Adrian Barath were ruled out due to injury. Deonarine promptly claimed his best bowling in Tests with 2/72", "id": "6265074" }, { "contents": "Ben Stokes\n\n\nsixes. It was the second fastest double century in the history of test cricket (from 167 balls). His sixth wicket stand with Jonny Bairstow (who himself scored 150 not out) of 399 was a new world record, of which 196 were scored in 25 overs in the morning session on Day 2 alone. Stokes' innings was ended in bizarre fashion, when after hitting two successive sixes, he was dropped by AB de Villiers only to be run out having paused between the wickets. The match finished in a", "id": "10665389" }, { "contents": "Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\n\n\n20 fours and three sixes. The Australians hit nine sixes off the off spin bowling of Jim Laker on the second morning of the match in an attempt to establish their mastery of him before the Test series. After Miller's dismissal, Australia were out for 552. With the ball, Miller and Lindwall attempted to maintain their ascendancy over Hutton, who was playing for MCC. On this occasion, he scored 52 and 64, but MCC were defeated by an innings and 158 runs. Miller had figures of 3/28 and 1/37", "id": "5677939" }, { "contents": "Ray Lindwall with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\n\n\nPawson and former Test wicket-keeper Les Ames. The hosts were further hampered by the absence of opener Leslie Todd, who had been hit on the foot by a Lindwall swinging yorker in the first innings. The blow caused so much bruising that Todd's foot could not fit inside his cricket boots. Lindwall ended with 4/25 as Kent fell for 124 to lose by an innings. In his match total of 6/41 from 15 overs, Lindwall bowled four of his victims. The Kent fixture was followed by a match against the", "id": "17513220" }, { "contents": "Tom Veivers\n\n\nhit a cricket ball any harder than Dexter did today. Melbourne is a huge ground and no one who hits a six here is likely to forget it. Against Veivers, an off-spinner, Dexter twice cleared the sight screen, once by a good 20 yards.\" Veivers was selected for the Test team the following season to make his debut against South Africa in the First Test in Brisbane, in which he scored 14 batting at No. 8 and took 1/48. He was omitted for the third and fourth Tests", "id": "5210313" }, { "contents": "Sadanand Mohol\n\n\nSadanand Namdeo Mohol (born 6 October 1938, Bassein, Maharashtra) is a former medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket in India from 1960 to 1971. He toured England in 1967, but did not play Test cricket. Mohol made his first-class debut for Maharashtra against Gujarat in the Ranji Trophy in 1959-60, taking six wickets, including 3 for 8 off 18.3 overs in the second innings. He established himself in the Maharashtra team in 1961-62. In 1962-63 his bowling", "id": "11601209" }, { "contents": "Lalith Kaluperuma\n\n\nLalith Wasantha Silva Kaluperuma (born 25 June 1949, Colombo) is a former Sri Lankan Test cricketer and ODI cricketer, who played first-class cricket from 1970 to 1983. He is the 6th Sri Lankan Test cap. He was educated at Kalutara Vidyalaya & Nalanda College Colombo. He was recognised as a good off spinner in Sri Lankan domestic cricket before their elevation to Test status, and played in Sri Lanka's inaugural Test against England at Colombo in 1981/82. However, Kaluperuma bowled 21 wicketless overs, followed by six", "id": "17737795" }, { "contents": "Peter Siddle\n\n\nAnderson off of his bowling. He finished with figures of six wickets for just 54 runs, his best ever in Test match cricket, having bowled 16 overs in total. Despite a heavy series loss to England, Siddle had another successful match in the Boxing Day Test Match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, taking 6/75 in an innings loss. Siddle started to enjoy more consistent success, starring against India the next summer with 23 wickets at an average of 18.65. During the series, he took his 100th Test wicket at the", "id": "3991371" }, { "contents": "Carl Mumba\n\n\nCarl Mumba (born 6 May 1995) is a Zimbabwean cricketer who plays for Mid West Rhinos. He made his Test cricket debut for the Zimbabwe cricket team in October 2016. In December 2018, during the opening round of the 2018–19 Logan Cup, Mumba took six wickets for seven runs in the second innings against Mountaineers. These were the best figures for a bowler taking six wickets in a first-class cricket match in Zimbabwe. He made his Twenty20 debut for Mid West Rhinos in the 2018–19 Stanbic Bank 20 Series on", "id": "12563381" }, { "contents": "England women's cricket team\n\n\non tour: Molly Hide, who also batted out the third day of the final Test to make England's only century in Australia this season to draw the game, and Myrtle Maclagan, who hit 77 in the second Test. Both had Test experience from before the War. Maclagan was also England's leading wicket-taker on tour, with nine wickets, ahead of Hide and Mary Johnson who took six each. However, England still beat New Zealand in their Test one month after the conclusion of the Ashes. In", "id": "12086430" }, { "contents": "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04\n\n\nover. Australia could still have hit back from 183/6, but then their tail succumbed to Ajit Agarkar, whose only claim to fame in his 18 test matches till then was the sobriquet of 'Bombay Duck', which was bestowed upon him for scoring seven ducks on the trot against Australia. Agarkar, came back for a new spell of 4 overs, in which he picked up a wicket off every over. He used the short ball judiciously and sparingly, and this tactic nailed the well-set Simon Katich, who", "id": "13729065" }, { "contents": "Shane Warne\n\n\n. He also was hit for the most sixes by the time he retired, but Warne does not like to be hit for single figures, because he has to plan for two batsmen at the same over. As well as his Test career Warne has been highly effective bowling in one-day cricket, something few other leg spin bowlers have managed. He also captained Australia on several occasions in One Day Internationals, winning ten matches and losing only one. Warne was instrumental in helping Australia win the 1999 Cricket World Cup in", "id": "15492484" }, { "contents": "Bert Vogler\n\n\nstatistics were posthumously compiled became the earliest South African to be named a Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World. Although Vogler did not play any cricket after this until the 1908/1909 South African season, on the matting pitches the following season he reached his highest point against England with thirty-six wickets in the five Tests for 21.75 each, and fifty-eight for 19.12 in all matches against the tourists. Vogler also hit to that point the fastest fifty in the history of Test cricket, hitting George Thompson for 22 in a single", "id": "21198455" }, { "contents": "John Goddard (cricketer)\n\n\nto control his men both on and off the field. All of them had the utmost faith in him ... there can be no question that the flourishing state of cricket in the Caribbean to-day is partly due to his shrewdness and leadership.\" Goddard made only 106 runs at 26.50 batting at number eight, and bowled only 74.4 overs in the four Tests, taking 6 wickets at 20.33. At this stage Goddard had captained West Indies in 11 Tests, winning six and losing only one. He was awarded the OBE", "id": "20076274" }, { "contents": "Bill Hyman\n\n\nfirmly on his club cricket career and on one particular match between Bath and Thornbury Cricket Club at the Thornbury ground in 1902. In that match, Hyman made an unbeaten 359 out of a Bath total of 466 for six wickets, with 32 sixes off the lob bowling of E. M. Grace, the elder brother of W. G. Grace and himself a Test player (though by now 60 years of age). He hit 62 runs from two consecutive overs of bowling from Grace. Other Thornbury bowlers that day included Gloucestershire first-", "id": "719296" }, { "contents": "Dooley Briscoe\n\n\nCaptain Arthur Wellesley \"Dooley\" Briscoe MC (6 February 1911 – 22 April 1941) was a South African cricketer who played in two Tests, one in 1935-36 and the other in 1938-39. Briscoe was born at Johannesburg, Transvaal, and was educated at King Edward VII School. A batsman, he played domestic first-class cricket for Transvaal from 1931-32 to 1939-40, scoring six centuries. He played in two Test matches, making his début in the second Test against the touring", "id": "445387" }, { "contents": "Lord's Pavilion\n\n\nwas extended to the upper levels and certain historic areas, such as the Long Room, were refurbished and redecorated. The only batsman to hit a ball over the top of the pavilion has been Albert Trott in 1889. In 2010, Somerset County Cricket Club captain, Marcus Trescothick was reportedly offered £1 million to hit a six over the pavilion. When Lord's is hosting a Test match, only members of MCC are permitted in the pavilion. However, for all other matches, members of Middlesex and their opponents are", "id": "12249153" }, { "contents": "David Allen (cricketer)\n\n\nFourth Test at Old Trafford in 1961 he took three quick wickets to have Australia nine wickets down, but Alan Davidson hit him for 20 runs in an over and Peter May took him off. Davidson added 98 for the last wicket and Australia won by 54 runs. Nevertheless, in six winters, Allen completed the set of playing against all the other Test playing nations of the time. In India and Pakistan in 1961–62, he bowled 482 overs in the Test series alone. A right-arm off-break bowler,", "id": "6697760" }, { "contents": "Salim Durani\n\n\nSalim Aziz Durani (born 11 December 1934) is a former Indian cricketer who played in 29 Tests from 1960 to 1973. An all-rounder, Durani was a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and a left-handed batsman famous for his six-hitting prowess. He is the only Indian Test cricketer to have been born in Afghanistan. Durani was the hero of India's series victory against England in 1961–62. He took 8 and 10 wickets in their wins at Kolkata and Chennai, respectively. Also, a decade", "id": "7615577" }, { "contents": "Shute Banerjee\n\n\ninnings for East Zone against West Indians on a matting wicket at Allahabad and later scored the final runs in a ten wicket victory. This was the only defeat for West Indies in the tour. This led to his selection, at the age of 37, for the last Test of the series at the Brabourne Stadium. He took four quick wickets in the second innings and a hit six over midwicket as India nearly chased down a target of 361. India played no Test cricket in the next three years and the Brabourne Test", "id": "7556163" }, { "contents": "Yuvraj Singh\n\n\nof the Indian squad at the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa. In India's Super 8 match against England at Durban, he hit six sixes in an over off Stuart Broad. In the process, he reached the fastest fifty ever in a Twenty20 game, off just 12 balls, which was also the fastest in any form of international cricket. This was the fourth time that six sixes had been hit in one over in senior cricket, the first time in Twenty20 cricket, and the first time in any form", "id": "4724424" }, { "contents": "Chris Gayle\n\n\nTest cricket in July 2012, he scored 150 on the third day of the first Test against New Zealand. Gayle scored 75 runs from 41 balls, fuelling West Indies' total of 205, against Australia in the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 semifinal, which was the highest total of the tournament. In November 2012, during the First Test against Bangladesh in Dhaka, Gayle became the first player to hit a six off the first ball in the history of Test cricket. In February 2015, he became the fourth cricketer to score", "id": "20111249" }, { "contents": "Colin Stuart (cricketer)\n\n\nColin Ellsworth Laurie Stuart (born September 28, 1973 in Georgetown) is a Guyanese cricketer, who has played for the West Indies. In six Tests, Stuart, who is a right-hand batsman, has a batting average of 3.42 average, and as a right-arm, medium-fast bowler, has taken twenty wickets with a 31.39 average. Stuart took part in the only instance in Test cricket history, when three bowlers were used in completing one over. In 2001, playing against the hosts, Sri", "id": "5950583" }, { "contents": "Sanath Jayasuriya\n\n\nEngland in May 2006. Missing the first two Tests, Jayasuriya returned in the Third Test at Trent Bridge. After scoring 78 runs on day three of the first Test against England in Kandy in 2007, he announced he was to retire from Test cricket at the end of the match. In that inning he hit six fours in one over against James Anderson. Jayasuriya held the records for the fastest fifty (against Pakistan 17 balls), fastest 100 for Sri Lanka(against Pakistan 48 balls) and fastest 150 (against England in", "id": "14559924" }, { "contents": "Frank Hayes (cricketer)\n\n\nFrank Charles Hayes (born 6 December 1946, Preston, Lancashire) is a former English cricketer, who played in nine Tests and six ODIs from 1973 to 1976. He made an unbeaten 106 in his first Test appearance, becoming the thirteenth man to score a century on debut for England, but in eight further Tests (all against the West Indies) his highest score was a mere 29. For Lancashire he had more success. He made 94 on his first-class debut in the 1970 season, seven years later", "id": "17766111" }, { "contents": "Marvan Atapattu\n\n\nhis cricket career as a teenager at Mahinda College, Galle, where Major G. W. S. de Silva was his first cricket coach. Then he crossed over to Ananda College, Colombo, where he was subsequently coached by P. W. Perera. Making his Test debut in November 1990 just after his 20th birthday, his first six innings yielded five ducks and a 1. After this difficult start in his first three matches, he did not score above 29 in his next 11 innings, before hitting his first Test century in his 10th", "id": "20458411" }, { "contents": "India at the Cricket World Cup\n\n\n85 not out from 76 balls, 8 fours and 2 sixes), who secured yet another victory in the World Cup for India in his trademark style by hitting a sixer with just 6 runs to win in the 49th over. India finished the Group stage with an all-win record. India returned to Australia to play the knockout matches. In the quarterfinals, India played Bangladesh at Melbourne, which they won comfortably by 109 runs. India, batting first, scored 302/6, thanks to an attacking century from Rohit (", "id": "720963" }, { "contents": "English cricket team in Australia in 1965–66\n\n\n1962–63, but who never really succeeded against Australia and did not play in any of the Tests. The captain M.J.K. Smith enjoyed playing against the state and country sides, but was the only batsmen who failed to cash in on a weak Australian attack and never passed 50 in the Tests. John Murray and Jim Parks were both decent wicket-keeper-batsmen, and Parks played in all five Tests due to his superior batting, hitting 3 sixes and 4 fours in his 52 in the First Test. Barry Knight was a", "id": "20137422" }, { "contents": "West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2012–13\n\n\nThe West Indies cricket team toured Bangladesh in November and December 2012. The tour consisted of one Twenty20 (T20), two Test matches and five One Day Internationals (ODIs). This series saw the first Test Match to be held at the Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium, Khulna. At the First Test in Dhaka, West Indian batsman Chris Gayle became the first player to hit a six off the first ball in a Test cricket match. All matches will be played at the following three grounds: Bangladesh: ESPN also webcast", "id": "13643678" }, { "contents": "List of highest individual scores in ODIs\n\n\nOne Day International (ODI) cricket is played between international cricket teams who are Full Members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) as well as the top six Associate and Affiliate members. Unlike Test matches, ODIs consist of one innings per team, having a limit in the number of overs. The limit of overs is currently 50 overs per innings, although in the past this has been 55 or 60 overs. ODI cricket is List-A cricket, so statistics and records set in ODI matches also count toward List", "id": "913879" }, { "contents": "Keith Miller\n\n\nthan cricket\". A member of the record-breaking \"Invincibles\", at the time of his retirement from Test cricket in 1956, Miller had the best statistics of any all-rounder in cricket history. He often batted high in the order, sometimes as high as number three. He was a powerful striker of the ball, and one straight six that he hit at the Sydney Cricket Ground was still rising when it hit the upper deck of the grandstand. Miller was famous for varying his bowling to bemuse batsmen", "id": "1078398" }, { "contents": "Mahela Jayawardene\n\n\nhe scored a double century in the first Test. Sri Lanka was in a good position in the Test with Thilan Samaraweera hitting his second successive double hundred of the series and Tillakaratne Dilshan scoring a century. On their way to the Gaddafi Stadium for the third day's play, the bus that carried the Sri Lankan players was fired at by 12 masked gunmen. Jayawardene, along with six other Sri Lankan cricketers, sustained injuries. Six policemen who guarded the bus and two civilians were killed in the attack. Jayawardene was appointed", "id": "13945471" }, { "contents": "Thomas Russell (cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Russell (6 July 1863 — 28 February 1927), birth registered as Thomas Marychurch Freeman, was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Essex and Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Lewisham and died in Leyton. Russell played his first two matches for Essex in miscellaneous fixtures against Leicestershire during the 1893 season, featuring in a game against a team of touring Australians just six weeks later, a match in which one-time Test cricketer and Wisden Cricketer of", "id": "5438351" }, { "contents": "Queen's Park Oval\n\n\nhas had a sporadic allotment of international cricket. Since 2007 there has been six (6) test matches the most recent of which was the infamous washed out match held in August 2016 against India. That match was notable for the third shortest non-abandoned test ever, with the match being curtailed by a wet outfield which allowed for only twenty two overs to be bowled over the five days despite rain not falling for the majority of the match. Test matches were not allocated to the ground for 2010, 2011, 2013", "id": "19555281" }, { "contents": "One-Test wonder\n\n\nIn cricket, a one-Test wonder is usually a cricketer who is only selected for one Test match during his career and never represents his country again (not necessarily due to poor performance). The term may derive from \"one-hit wonder\", which is used to describe singers who have only one hit song. The term is also used in rugby. More rarely, the term may refer to a player who has played in more than one Test, but was very successful only once. Examples include the", "id": "12806538" }, { "contents": "Muttiah Muralitharan\n\n\noff 16 balls) against Bangladesh in the final of the 2009 Tri-Series in Bangladesh. In the latter match, Muralitharan's effort, which included three fours and a six off one over, played a key role in Sri Lanka winning the match and series after the first eight overs saw them reduced to 6 for 5, the lowest score ever recorded in an ODI at the fall of the fifth wicket. Muralitharan has a strike rate close to 70 in Test cricket and scored over 55% of his Test runs in", "id": "790120" }, { "contents": "Queanbeyan District Cricket Club\n\n\n105 respectively). In the 1935-36 FCTCA final against a Northbourne team that fielded champion Lorne Lees, Tom O'Connor for a Queanbeyan side with only 10 men took 6/27 (off 17.4 overs) and 5/63 before coming to the wicket at 6/127 with 180 needed to win. O'Connor hit 46 (including 13 and 19 off his two overs from Lees, with six fours and a six) of the 53 needed to win the match. Other notable performances by the club included scoring 728 in 10 hours in a semi-", "id": "3878577" }, { "contents": "Ray Lindwall with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\n\n\nbehind Johnston (102), who was assigned more of the workload in order to keep Miller and Lindwall fresh for the Tests. With the bat, Lindwall scored 191 runs at a batting average of 31.83 in the Tests. Lindwall's most influential contributions in the Ashes matches were his 5/70 in the first innings of the Second Test at Lord's, a hard-hitting 77 that limited Australia's first innings deficit in the Fourth Test at Headingley, and most notably, his 6/20 on the first day of the Fifth Test", "id": "17513142" }, { "contents": "1962–63 Ashes series\n\n\nThe 1962–63 Ashes series consisted of five cricket Test matches, each of five days with six hours play each day and eight ball overs, a change as before 1960-61 Australian Test matches had been played over six days. It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1962–63 and the matches outside the Tests were played in the name of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The MCC was determined to \"brighten up\" cricket, but the series was drawn 1-1 and Australia retained the Ashes. The MCC chose Ted", "id": "6580120" }, { "contents": "Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nhe was hit for 0/170 in the match and was so out of form that he was dropped. Returning for the third Test at the WACA he hit 62, took 6/38 and 3/44 was instrumental in Australia's 267-run victory. However, his wayward bowling returned and Johnson became the subject of a chanting by the Barmy Army whenever he bowled; \"He bowls to the left, He bowls to the right, That Mitchell Johnson, His bowling is shite\". In the fifth Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground, England fans", "id": "17846380" }, { "contents": "English cricket team in Australia in 1965–66\n\n\nwere needed in the Fifth Test at Melbourne he surprised everyone by smashing a hundred off 122 balls and bringing up the century with a six into the stands. Colin Cowdrey was the most experienced England batsmen – this was the fourth of his six tours in Australia – and was a classic strokemaker whose perfect timing was a great asset on hard Australian wickets. He was accused of overly careful batting on the tour, but like Barrington hit out in the Fifth Test. Peter Parfitt was a pleasing young Middlesex batsman who had toured in", "id": "20137421" }, { "contents": "List of cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut\n\n\nNovember 2012; he took six wickets for 74 runs. Five of the players have taken six wickets in an innings on Test debut. As of July 2017, forty-seven English cricketers have taken a five-wicket haul on their debut in Test cricket. Alfred Shaw was the first Englishman to take a five wicket haul at Test debut. He took five wickets for 38 runs in the first Test of the history, against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877, but could not prevent England's defeat.", "id": "13907287" }, { "contents": "1979 ICC Trophy\n\n\nnot out. In the other game, a reasonable American total of 168 was boosted by a fifth-wicket stand of 90 between Stuger (48) and former first-class cricketer Kamran Rasheed, who hit 44. Despite the loss of two early wickets, a fine 76 not out from future Test batsman Roy Dias ensured that there were no real alarms for the Sri Lankans as they won by six wickets with 20 overs to go. Sri Lanka against Wales was called off with no play having been possible. Netherlands against", "id": "13578390" }, { "contents": "English cricket team in Australia in 1965–66\n\n\nEdrich had a First Class run of 139, 121 not out, 205 not out, 55, 96, 188, 92, 105 and 310 not out, the last innings against New Zealand in the Third Test at Headingley, where he hit 52 fours and 5 sixes, but M.J.K. Smith declared before he could overtake Gary Sobers record 365. In the following Test he was hit on the head by a Peter Pollock bouncer and thereafter was a tenacious left-hander who made solid rather than stylish innings. Eric Russell was", "id": "20137418" }, { "contents": "Sarah Elliott (cricketer)\n\n\nsecure a seventh run on the final ball. Australia was awarded the match because they had hit more sixes in the match—Jess Cameron scored the solitary six. In the next match against South Africa, Elliott came in and made eight runs from six balls before being run out. This was part of a collapse in the death overs and Australia were bowled out for 155 in the last over after losing 6/16. During the run-chase Elliott ran out Alicia Smith. She bowled two overs but was expensive, conceding 22", "id": "10700084" }, { "contents": "Vinothen John\n\n\nVinothen Bede John Jeyarajasinham (born May 27, 1960, Colombo), or Vinothen John, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in six Tests and 45 ODIs from 1982 to 1987. After attending St Peter's College, Colombo, John played for the Nondescripts Cricket Club, Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club, Moratuwa Sports Club, Sinhalese Sports Club and continuously for over two decades in the Nationalised Services Cricket Tournament, representing the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation. John made his Test debut in Lancaster Park in New Zealand and had the", "id": "10644315" }, { "contents": "Amin Lakhani\n\n\nAmin Lakhani (born 1 October 1959) is a former cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket in Pakistan from 1976 to 1993. A left-arm spin bowler, Lakhani took a hat-trick in each innings of a match in October 1978. At 19, playing for a Universities and Young Pakistan team against the touring Indian Test team, he took 6 for 58 with a hat-trick in the first innings and 6 for 80 with a hat-trick in the second. All six of his", "id": "8659060" }, { "contents": "Second Test, 2007–08 Border–Gavaskar Trophy\n\n\nThe Second Test in the Indian cricket team's tour of Australia for the 2007–08 summer was a controversial Test cricket match played over five days at the Sydney Cricket Ground from 2 to 6 January 2008. Australia won the match by 122 runs with minutes to spare at the end of the fifth day. The match attained notoriety owing to the number of umpiring wrong decisions given by international umpires Steve Bucknor and Mark Benson and accusations of poor sportsmanship against Australian players (even Adam Gilchrist who is known for his fair play) and Harbhajan", "id": "6721253" }, { "contents": "History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900\n\n\nwas looking for a new wife, \"Whose wife?\" being one reply. McLeod scored 112, getting revenge on England, who were well beaten by over an innings. There was controversy here, when Australian bowler Ernie Jones became the first Test bowler to be called for throwing. This was after Ranji had criticised Jones' bowling in the press. The third Test was won with the help of Joe Darling's 178. Darling reached his century with the first six scored in Test cricket without the aid of other throws", "id": "5544305" }, { "contents": "List of Sri Lanka Test cricket records\n\n\nTest cricket is the oldest form of cricket played at international level. A Test match takes place over a period of five days, and is played by teams representing Full Member nations of the International Cricket Council (ICC). Sri Lanka obtained Full Member status of the ICC in 1981, becoming the eighth nation eligible to play Test cricket. The Sri Lanka national cricket team played their first Test match on 17 February 1982 against England, and recorded their first victory in a match against India on 6 September 1985. Since then", "id": "11212544" }, { "contents": "Jock Cameron\n\n\nvictory over England by one Test to nil (though England had the better of all four draws). In the only decisive result on a spinners' wicket at Lord's (due to leatherjackets having infested the wicket during England's mildest winter on record), Cameron hit his highest Test score of 90 in the first innings. At one stage he hit 58 out of his team's 60 runs in half an hour. \"The Cricketer\" wrote: \"We have seldom, if ever, seen a batsman who hits", "id": "11672341" }, { "contents": "West Indian cricket team in Australia in 1960–61\n\n\ncaptured the imagination, and he took nine wickets in the first Test. O'Neill scored the only century for Australia, an innings full of character, in the first Test. Simpson made two centuries as well as six scores of 70 or over in eight appearances against the touring team, though neither century was in a Test. He made a major contribution to Australia's final victory by hitting 75 and 92. Grout had a fine series behind the stumps, assisting in 23 dismissals. Davidson took 33 wickets with his accurate left", "id": "15042172" }, { "contents": "James Franklin (cricketer)\n\n\nRiders for his contributions of both bat and ball (45* off 23 balls and 2/35 in 4 overs). Needing 21 off the last over to be bowled by Lakshmipathy Balaji, Franklin scored 17 runs off the first five balls (4 boundaries in first 4 balls) and with Ambati Rayudu hitting a six off the last ball, sealed a stunning victory for the Mumbai Indians to finish 3rd in the IPL standings. Franklin has previously played county cricket for Essex, Glamorgan, Gloucestershire and Middlesex. On 6 February 2015,", "id": "16719377" }, { "contents": "India national cricket team\n\n\nunder his captaincy. India won its first ODI under the captaincy of Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan in the 1975 Cricket World Cup, against East Africa. Between 1975–76 and 1978–79, Bishen Singh Bedi captained the team in 22 Tests and 4 ODIs, winning 6 Tests and one ODI. Sunil Gavaskar took over as Test and ODI captain in 1978–79, leading India in 47 Test matches and 37 ODIs, winning 9 Tests and 14 ODIs. He was succeeded by Kapil Dev in the 1980s, who captained for 34 Test matches, including 4 victories", "id": "17906791" }, { "contents": "Shafiq Ahmed\n\n\nShafiq Ahmed (born 28 March 1949, Lahore, Punjab) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in 6 Tests and 3 ODIs from 1974 to 1980. Ahmed co-holds the Test record with Chandrasekhar Gadkari for the most matches played in a career without either winning or losing - six. Shafiq Ahmed was a prolific run-scorer in domestic cricket in Pakistan between 1967–68, when he made his first-class debut for Punjab University at the age of 18, until 1990-91, when he played his final first", "id": "8563932" }, { "contents": "Sunil Ambris\n\n\nthe West Indies against New Zealand on 1 December 2017 and became the sixth batsmen to be out hit wicket off the first ball, and the first to be dismissed in this manner on Test debut. In the second innings, he opened his account with a six and became only the sixth batsman in Test cricket to do so. On December 10, 2017, he got out hit wicket again in the second innings in the second Test against New Zealand and became the first player to be dismissed hit-wicket twice in consecutive", "id": "14498217" } ]

[ { "contents": "West Coast offense\n\n\n, with the Eagles reaching Super Bowl XXXIX following the 2004 season. Since 2013, he has served as head coach of the Chiefs. Kansas City has made the playoffs 5 of the 6 seasons he's been their head coach. Although Andy Reid has never won a Super Bowl, his former offensive coordinator, Doug Pederson, has succeeded in both reaching and winning a Super Bowl. Pederson, who served as the Chiefs' offensive coordinator under Reid from 2013-2015, became head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles in 2016 and", "id": "3994160" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl VIII\n\n\nas their own 27-yard line. The Dolphins set the record which still stands for the largest Super Bowl lead (14 points) at the end of the first quarter. It has since been tied by the Oakland Raiders against the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XV (led 14-0) and the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV (led 14-0). The situation never got much better for the Vikings the rest of the game. After each team traded punts early in the second period", "id": "9614865" }, { "contents": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nEngland Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did so in Super Bowl XXXVI 15 years earlier.", "id": "19704222" }, { "contents": "Charle Young\n\n\nwas inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2004. Following graduation, Young earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1973 and went on to play for 13 seasons in the NFL with four teams. He played in the Pro Bowl in 1973, 1974 and 1975, played in Super Bowl XIV with the Los Angeles Rams in 1979, and won Super Bowl XVI with the San Francisco 49ers in 1981. He was a key contributor on the final 89-yard drive that led to the play that has been", "id": "12199214" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nThe Eagles would beat the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the Divisional Round which was their first playoff win since the 2008 season, to face the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship. The game would end up being a surprising blowout with the Eagles dominating the Vikings 38-7 to go to the Super Bowl for the first time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41", "id": "6902283" }, { "contents": "Mike Bartrum\n\n\nas the long snapper and tight end. He caught nine passes, four of which went for touchdowns. In 2004, Bartrum handled the long snapper duties in his second Super Bowl appearance when the Eagles lost to the New England Patriots 24-21 in Super Bowl XXXIX played on February 6, 2005. In 2005, he handled kickoff duties in two games due to an injury to David Akers. His play earned him a selection to the Pro Bowl after the 2005 season. In 2006, Bartrum was the emergency quarterback after", "id": "9332090" }, { "contents": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nthe defense bothered the Vikings all night as the Eagles destroyed the Vikings 38-7 to advance to Super Bowl LII in a Super Bowl XXXIX rematch with the New England Patriots. Foles had his best performance since Week 15, and his third best as an Eagles player, throwing for 352 yards and 4 touchdowns. The Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl title in franchise history, and their first championship since 1960. During the game, a trick play, known as the Philly Special was", "id": "19704269" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl LII\n\n\nin that position. Two Eagles, running back LeGarrette Blount and defensive lineman Chris Long, had been Patriots in 2017's Super Bowl LI. The Eagles were 1–4 against the Brady/Belichick era Patriots prior to this game (preseason notwithstanding), including Super Bowl XXXIX, their one win being a 35–28 win at Gillette Stadium in December during their relatively weak 2015 season, where after falling behind 14–0, they proceeded to rally for 35 points and hold them down to only two more touchdowns on their end to win, allowing", "id": "17786061" }, { "contents": "2008–09 NFL playoffs\n\n\nwent on to win Super Bowl XXXIX over the Eagles 24–21. Pittsburgh held the Ravens to 184 yards and forced five turnovers, including three in the last 3:13 of the game, en route to their seventh Super Bowl appearance in franchise history. Baltimore became the third consecutive road team (Pittsburgh was the last to win it), and the 11th out of 19 since the 1990 season, to lose the AFC title game and thus unable to duplicate their success in 2000 as a wild card team advancing to the Super Bowl.", "id": "1650770" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XLII\n\n\nchanges in the fourth quarter were also a Super Bowl record. Although not a record, the 17 points scored by the Giants was the least number of points for a Super Bowl victor since Super Bowl IX. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XLII, Super Bowl XLII Play Finder NYG, Super Bowl XLII Play Finder NE Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted Mike Carey was chosen to be the head referee for this game, marking the first time that an African American has been chosen to be the head official in a", "id": "5966302" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XXXIX\n\n\nin NFL history to win three Super Bowls in a span of four years. The Patriots' Super Bowl win was the third championship for Boston-area sports teams in 12 months, following the Patriots winning Super Bowl XXXVIII the year before and the Red Sox winning the World Series–first in 86 years–three months earlier. This marked the first time since 1989–1990 in the San Francisco Bay Area that the same market has had 2 Super Bowl and World Series winners in 12 months. With the Eagles’ loss, the", "id": "11645870" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\n-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many injuries plagued the team including their quarterback Carson Wentz who was still recovering from an ACL injury. Nick Foles would be the starting quarterback to begin the season and", "id": "6902284" }, { "contents": "Brandon Brooks\n\n\nhis team advancing to the Super Bowl. Brooks would win his first Super Bowl when the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII by a score of 41-33. On December 17, 2018, Brooks was named to his second Pro Bowl. That season the Philadelphia Eagles went 9–7 and earned a wildcard spot. They defeated the Chicago Bears 16–15 in the wildcard round, then lost 20–14 to the New Orleans Saints in the divisional round. The loss was costly for Brooks, as he suffered a torn Achilles", "id": "12474114" }, { "contents": "2004 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nsecond half. In their first Super Bowl appearance since Super Bowl XV, the Eagles met the New England Patriots on February 6, 2005 at ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The Patriots, led by Tom Brady had won two of the past three Super Bowls and a win against the Eagles would likely lead to \"dynasty status\". They had cruised to a 14–2 regular season record, and taken down the Indianapolis Colts and 15–1 Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC playoffs. Meanwhile, the Eagles, considered heavy underdogs, had", "id": "16782107" }, { "contents": "Sports in Philadelphia\n\n\nof the East Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League. They have operated continuously since then, with the partial exception of the 1943 season, when the Eagles temporarily merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers to become the Steagles. The Eagles have won three NFL titles (1948, 1949, 1960), four conference championships, and thirteen division championships. They have made three Super Bowl appearances, losing in Super Bowl XV and Super Bowl XXXIX, and winning Super Bowl LII. The franchise frequently finished", "id": "5676655" }, { "contents": "Boston College Eagles football\n\n\ndelayed in the first quarter and ultimately cancelled). The Eagles posted an 8-game bowl winning streak from 2000 to 2007 and went to 12 consecutive bowl games from 1999 to 2010. BC's 8-game bowl win streak was the nation's longest active streak before it was snapped in 2008. The 12-year streak was tied with Oklahoma for the 6th longest active streak in country. The Eagles recently broke their 5 bowl-game losing streak in 2016 with a 36–30 victory over former ACC foe Maryland. Since 1957, Alumni Stadium has been", "id": "18189282" }, { "contents": "Fog Bowl (American football)\n\n\nfirst-down markers. The Bears ended up winning 20–12. The game eventually was named #3 on NFL Top 10's \"Weather Games\". The game was also notable in that it involved head coaches who had been previously worked on the same staff of a Super Bowl winning team. Eagles coach Buddy Ryan had been the defensive coordinator for Mike Ditka on the Bears when the team won Super Bowl XX. An NFL Network special on the game highlighted how unusual the conditions were: the fog was caused by a very", "id": "6996767" }, { "contents": "The Lombardi Curse\n\n\nfirst two Super Bowls. Meanwhile, the Eagles had not won another league championship since, including having never won the Super Bowl since the game started being played annually in 1966. They appeared in Super Bowl XV in the 1980 season and Super Bowl XXXIX in the 2004 season, but lost both times. In 1970, the Super Bowl trophy was officially named the Vince Lombardi trophy when the league decided to honor Lombardi by naming the trophy after him following his death in 1970. This renaming of the Super Bowl trophy combined with", "id": "14613051" }, { "contents": "Eagles–Redskins rivalry\n\n\nhave met twice annually since 1936. The rivalry is one of the most heated rivalries in the NFL, and has featured some memorable moments in NFL history. The rivalry is most notable for the \"Body Bag Game\", where the Eagles knocked out eight Redskins players in a game in 1990. The Redskins lead in all-time series 86–78–6. The Redskins have won five NFL championships including three Super Bowls, while the Eagles have won four NFL championships including one Super Bowl. The teams have met once in the Playoffs", "id": "9797345" }, { "contents": "Sports-related curses\n\n\nthem disbanded, but the Honey Bears had a contract through the 1985 season. The Bears lost only one regular season game that year and won Super Bowl XX, but the Honey Bears contract was not renewed. In spite of repeated attempts to bring back the Honey Bears, the idea has been killed by the organization as long as the McCaskey family owns it, and the Bears have not won the Super Bowl since then. The last time the Bears appeared in the Super Bowl was Super Bowl XLI. They were defeated by", "id": "21631368" }, { "contents": "2018 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nThe 2018 season was the Philadelphia Eagles' 86th season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles entered the season as the defending champions of Super Bowl LII, and attempted to become the first team since the 2004 New England Patriots to repeat as Super Bowl Champions. They opened the season with the NFL Kickoff Game on September 6, beating the Atlanta Falcons 18–12. A vast majority of their Super Bowl-winning squad from the 2017 season was retained, although some notable losses included tight", "id": "13394734" }, { "contents": "2018 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nCard round to advance to the divisional round, where they lost 14–20 to the top-seeded New Orleans Saints, ending their hopes of defending their Super Bowl title. Draft trades The Eagles had a disappointing preseason. The starting offense during their exhibitions looked nowhere like their Super Bowl counterparts. Super Bowl MVP Nick Foles had an awful preseason struggling in games versus the Patriots and Browns. Many injuries occurred while some from the previous season affected the starting offense's play. Many questioned how they would fare out after a lousy preseason", "id": "13394738" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XLVIII\n\n\noutdoor Super Bowl of the first 47 games was Super Bowl VI, held at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans on January 16, 1972, with a kickoff temperature of . However, New Orleans usually has a humid subtropical climate, with January morning lows averaging around and daily highs around ; also, all New Orleans Super Bowls since XII have been played at the indoor Superdome. Since Super Bowl X in 1976, all but one outdoor Super Bowl has been played in either California or Florida, the exception being Super Bowl XXX in", "id": "12128430" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl\n\n\nSuper Bowl MVP. In Super Bowl LII, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the defending Super Bowl champions, the Patriots, 41–33. It was the Eagles' third Super Bowl appearance, and their first win in franchise history. The Minnesota Vikings had the most successful playoff showing for a Super Bowl host team by winning their Divisional Playoff Game at home, but lost the NFC Championship game to the Eagles, thus denying the Vikings from being the first team to contest the Super Bowl in their own stadium. In Super Bowl LIII,", "id": "8017259" }, { "contents": "Philly Special\n\n\nindicating he was properly aligned. This practice is typical at all levels of the sport for confirming proper alignment before a play. The Eagles went on to win Super Bowl LII, 41–33. It was the team's first NFL championship since 1960, and first ever Super Bowl win. After the game, coach Doug Pederson told reporters \"We call [the play] the Philly special ...\" Pederson also noted that the play came from \"... [looking] at different plays around the league and the collegiate ranks, and", "id": "22004764" }, { "contents": "Minnesota Vikings\n\n\n, coming off a 44–6 victory over the Dallas Cowboys, went on to defeat the Vikings 26–14. The Eagles would go on to defeat the defending Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the Divisional round, only to lose to the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game. Since 2006, the Vikings have been known especially for their strong run defense (#1 in the NFL in 2006, 2007, and 2008; they are the first NFL team to accomplish this since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970), anchored", "id": "3466" }, { "contents": "History of the New York Giants\n\n\n. The Giants won their first playoff game against the Eagles, 20–10, and then defeated the Vikings 41–0 in the NFC Championship game. They advanced to play the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. Though the Giants kept the game close early and went into halftime down only 10–0, the Ravens dominated the second half. The Ravens' defense harassed Kerry Collins all game long, and he had one of the worst games in Super Bowl history. Collins completed only 15 of 39 passes for 112 yards and four interceptions, and", "id": "2105730" }, { "contents": "List of Philadelphia Eagles head coaches\n\n\nThis is a list of head coaches for the Philadelphia Eagles. The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1933. Currently members of the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC), the team has won three NFL titles and made three Super Bowl appearances (1980, 2004, and 2018), with their first Super Bowl victory coming in Super Bowl LII under second-year head coach Doug Pederson", "id": "10801284" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl commercials\n\n\nwell, such as during newscasts and morning shows. Since 2000, CBS has aired an annual television special prior to the game, \"Super Bowl’s Greatest Commercials\", which showcases notable Super Bowl ads from prior games, and in recent years, has allowed viewers to vote for their favorite Super Bowl ads to be featured during it. Many viewers watch the Super Bowl only for the commercials: in 2015, Dish Network went as far as allowing the \"Primetime Anytime\" and \"AutoHop\" features on its Hopper digital", "id": "8406232" }, { "contents": "2018 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\ncontain Drew Brees and the Saints. The Eagles suffered a major meltdown all evening long as fans started to boil over on social media and question their defending champs inconsistent performance. The Saints were too much for the Eagles as the team fell to 4–6 on the season and at the brink of the playoff picture. Furthermore, the Eagles' loss to the Saints by 41 points is the biggest defeat for a defending Super Bowl Champion. In addition, this was their worst loss since their 42–0 defeat to the Seahawks in 2005 and", "id": "13394758" }, { "contents": "Donnie Jones\n\n\nfor 2,888 net yards for a 45.84 average. In the 2017 season, Jones finished with 67 punts for 3,033 net yards for a 45.27 average. He earned a Super Bowl ring when the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 in Super Bowl LII. Jones recorded the only punt in the game that went 41 yards. On February 27, 2018, Jones announced his retirement from the NFL. During his time with the Eagles, Jones set the all-time Eagles gross punting average record with 45.4 yards, punts", "id": "35416" }, { "contents": "Tom vs Time\n\n\nchildren and wife, Gisele Bündchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his son Jack, and in the car during Brady’s commute to and from work in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Following the Patriots' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, the release of the series finale was delayed. Chopra went on to explain that the episode had originally been \"tied to the Pats winning the Super Bowl", "id": "20991030" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nat Veterans Stadium. Led by an incredible rushing performance from Montgomery, whose long cutback TD run in the first half is surely one of the most memorable plays in Eagles history, and a gutsy performance from fullback Leroy Harris, who scored the Eagles' only other TD that day, the Birds earned a berth in Super Bowl XV with a 20-7 victory. The Eagles traveled to New Orleans for Super Bowl XV and were heavy favorites to knock off the Oakland Raiders, who were merely a wild card team. Things", "id": "6902200" }, { "contents": "Dan Fouts\n\n\nDick Enberg. In 2009, he was moved to partner with Enberg as the number 3 broadcasting team for the NFL on CBS. Fouts has since teamed with Eagle in the number three slot until 2014, when the pair was elevated to the number two team behind Jim Nantz and Phil Simms (and later, Tony Romo). Fouts and Eagle are often called \"The Bird and the Beard\". Fouts has also helped call NFL games for Westwood One radio, including Super Bowl 50. He had been the play-", "id": "19575" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XXXVI\n\n\n, responded, \"Of course you can go. How many times do you win the Super Bowl?\" The game heralded the Patriots dynasty, being the first of nine Super Bowl appearances under the duo of head coach Belichick and quarterback Brady. The Patriots finished the 2002 NFL season 9–7, missing the playoffs. But they went on to win Super Bowl XXXVIII, Super Bowl XXXIX, thus winning three Super Bowls in four years. Then, they won their fourth, fifth, and sixth Super Bowls (Super Bowl XLIX", "id": "10379474" }, { "contents": "Fletcher Cox\n\n\n, Cox was named to his third straight Pro Bowl. Cox could not play in the Pro Bowl because of his team advancing to the Super Bowl. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII 41-33 to give Cox his first Super Bowl ring. Cox recorded one tackle. He has been ranked 69th by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018. In Week 17, Cox recorded three sacks, four tackles for loss, and a forced fumble in a 24-0 win over the", "id": "12294720" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nagain and miss the playoffs. During the offseason, a lot of changes were made in the receiving corps and running back position to help Wentz. This would end up working as the Eagles would soar to the top of the NFL with a 13-3 record which gave them their first NFC East Championship since 2013, and gave them a first round bye for the first time since the 2004 season which was the last time they last went to the Super Bowl. Carson Wentz improved drastically during the season in which he threw", "id": "6902281" }, { "contents": "Army–Navy Game\n\n\n, 2016 and 2017 games have seen both teams enter with winning records. Nonetheless, the game is considered a college football institution. It has aired nationally on radio since 1930, and has been nationally televised every year since 1945. Some participants in the Army–Navy Game have gone on to professional football careers. Quarterback Roger Staubach (Navy, 1965) went on to a Hall of Fame career with the Dallas Cowboys that included starting at quarterback in two Super Bowl victories including being named the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl", "id": "19671857" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl LII\n\n\nSuper Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played", "id": "17786037" }, { "contents": "National Football League television blackout policies\n\n\nalso have long waiting lists for season tickets). Similarly, no Super Bowl has ever been unavailable in the market of origin since Super Bowl VII 1973. Every Super Bowl except the first was a sellout, and, with the game's high-profile status, a television blackout is highly unlikely. Another policy to encourage sellouts is, except in Week 17, no other NFL game can air opposite the local franchise's broadcast on the primary market's affiliate due to NFL rules or due to a blackout. Special exemptions", "id": "16078096" }, { "contents": "Corey Simon\n\n\nselected him in the first round (sixth pick overall) of the 2000 NFL Draft, and he played for the Eagles from 2000 until 2004. He started in four NFC Championship games during his six seasons with the Eagles. Philadelphia reached the Super Bowl once during these years, losing Super Bowl XXXIX to the New England Patriots, 24-21. After the 2004 season, the Eagles placed the franchise tag on Simon, which he refused to sign. After contract negotiations failed to produce a long-term deal, the", "id": "4672932" }, { "contents": "List of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl\n\n\nThis article is a list of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl. The U.S. national anthem (\"The Star-Spangled Banner\") has been performed at all but one Super Bowl since its first year in 1967; Vikki Carr sang \"America the Beautiful\" in place of the anthem at Super Bowl XI in 1977. Since Super Bowl XVI in 1982, famous singers or music groups have performed the anthem at the vast majority of Super Bowl games. Beginning with Super Bowl XLIII in 2009, \"America the Beautiful", "id": "12773074" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XLIV\n\n\nconsecutive Super Bowls have been played in the same state. Super Bowls II and III were both played at the Orange Bowl. Super Bowls XXI and XXII were both played in California: XXI at Pasadena's Rose Bowl Stadium and XXII at San Diego's Jack Murphy Stadium. Miami became the first city to host two Super Bowls designated as a National Special Security Event (NSSE). In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, every Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXXVI has been designated as an NSSE. Super", "id": "220738" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nNFL). At long last, the Eagles justified the hopes of their long-suffering fan base, defeating Michael Vick's much-hyped Atlanta Falcons, 27-10, sending them to their first Super Bowl in 24 years. The victory sent the city of Philadelphia into wild celebrations. With two Super Bowl wins under their belt, the defending champion New England Patriots were heavily favored. McNabb had a great game with 357 yards and three touchdowns, but he also threw three interceptions. Terell Owens returned despite his injury", "id": "6902232" }, { "contents": "WCAU\n\n\nConference. That arrangement lasted until 1994, when Fox acquired the NFC contract and with it, the Eagles games to WTXF. After being traded to NBC, only select games where the Eagles hosted an American Football Conference opponent would air on WCAU from 1995 to 1997, when CBS regained the NFL. Since 2006, Eagles games broadcast nationally by NBC Sports have aired on WCAU, mostly \"Sunday Night Football\" contests but also Super Bowl LII, which saw the Eagles clinch their first NFL championship in the modern Super Bowl era", "id": "14738106" }, { "contents": "Eagles–Redskins rivalry\n\n\nThe Eagles–Redskins rivalry is a rivalry between the Philadelphia Eagles and Washington Redskins of the National Football League. The rivalry began in 1934, during the time the Redskins played in Boston. The Redskins lead in all-time series 86–78–6. The Redskins have won five NFL championships including three Super Bowls, while the Eagles have won four NFL championships including one Super Bowl. Both teams were members of the NFL's Eastern Conference prior to the 1970 AFL-NFL merger, and the NFC East division since 1970. The teams", "id": "9797344" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XXXIX\n\n\nwere trying to win their first NFL title since 1960 and the first championship for the city of Philadelphia since Moses Malone's \"fo', fi', fo'\" during the 76ers run to the NBA Championship. With President George W. Bush being inaugurated for a second time in January, the Eagles were also trying to end a losing streak—teams in the city of Philadelphia had lost six straight championships during presidential inauguration years, beginning with the 76ers loss in . The streak included the Eagles in Super Bowl XV in", "id": "11645842" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XII\n\n\nstart a Super Bowl game for two different franchises (Kurt Warner was the second with St. Louis Rams and Arizona Cardinals, and Peyton Manning was the third with the Indianapolis Colts and Denver Broncos). Morton is also the only quarterback to have started two different franchises' \"first\" Super Bowl appearances. This was the final Super Bowl in the 14-game schedule era. The following season, the NFL went to a 16-game schedule, where it has remained since. Super Bowl XII provided an opportunity for Morton to not only beat", "id": "9615023" }, { "contents": "Robert Newhouse\n\n\nyards, 956 receiving yards and 31 touchdowns during his notable career. His longest run from scrimmage as a professional was a 54-yard gain against the Philadelphia Eagles in 1973. While he was on the team, the Cowboys went to three Super Bowls, winning Super Bowl XII against the Denver Broncos in 1977. His most notable career highlight and Super Bowl moment was the 29-yard touchdown pass he threw (going to his left) to Golden Richards in Super Bowl XII. Newhouse played sparingly backing up Ron Springs during his last 3 seasons", "id": "5518249" }, { "contents": "Tom Brady\n\n\npassing yards in a Super Bowl, but the Patriots lost to the Philadelphia Eagles. In 2019, the Patriots won Super Bowl LIII, earning Brady his sixth super bowl title, becoming the first player in history to have won six Super Bowls. Over his career, Brady has won three league MVP awards, six Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 14-time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he owns the third-highest career passer rating", "id": "20550428" }, { "contents": "Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nthe Eagles a 22–12 lead, which was taken into the locker room after a short drive by the Patriots. The play came to be known as the Philly Special. The Eagles won their first Vince Lombardi Trophy in franchise history, and their first league championship since 1960, ending the third-longest active championship drought in the NFL at 57 years. The combined 74 points scored was one point shy of the Super Bowl record of 75, set in Super Bowl XXIX in 1995; this game marked only the second time in", "id": "3791533" }, { "contents": "Pittsburgh\n\n\ndiaspora. The Steelers have been owned by the Rooney family since the team's founding in 1933, show consistency in coaching (only three coaches since the 1960s all with the same basic philosophy) and are noted as one of sports' most respectable franchises. The Steelers have a long waiting list for season tickets, and have sold out every home game since 1972. The team won four Super Bowls in a six-year span in the 1970s, a fifth Super Bowl in 2006, and a league record sixth Super Bowl", "id": "5198148" }, { "contents": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nblowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5 point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), which also happened to be against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter, the Eagles managed to score first when Jake Elliott kicked a 25-yard field goal to make the", "id": "19704273" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl\n\n\nseasons. The New England Patriots were 3–0 in their white uniforms in Super Bowls prior to Super Bowl LII with Belichick and Brady, and they may have been going on recent trends of teams who wear white for the Super Bowl game. White-shirted teams have won 33 of 52 Super Bowls to date (63%). The only teams to win in their dark-colored uniform in more recent years are the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV and the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots", "id": "8017293" }, { "contents": "Minneapolis Miracle\n\n\nthe NFC Championship Game. The Eagles , thus denying them the opportunity to become the first team to play in a Super Bowl in its home stadium. The Eagles went on to win Super Bowl LII, beating the New England Patriots, 41–33. On January 15, the Vikings filed for trademarks on the phrases \"Minneapolis Miracle\" and \"Minnesota Miracle\" for use on over 100 items, from football helmets to bathing suits. At the 7th Annual NFL Honors, the Minneapolis Miracle won the NFL Play of the Year Award", "id": "19523004" }, { "contents": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nThe Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs, the third team to beat both of them this season, after the Carolina Panthers and Miami Dolphins. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances: the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV, and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl XXXIX. Notes The Eagles began", "id": "19704223" }, { "contents": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nDivisional Round and routed the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship. The win against the Falcons in the divisional round was their first playoff win since 2008. The Eagles were the first No. 1 seed in the playoffs since 1980 to be an underdog in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New", "id": "19704221" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XLIII\n\n\nBowl XLIII championship home video went on sale on DVD on February 24, 2009. One week later on March 3, it was released on Blu-ray, making it the first NFL Films home video release to be on Blu-ray Disc. The Blu-ray copy was \"officially\" sold exclusively through Amazon.com, though it was also available through the Sports Illustrated Super Bowl offer, and has since been made available at other retailers. Among its exclusive content included having most of the features in high-definition video", "id": "6405610" }, { "contents": "2017 New England Patriots season\n\n\n, and gave the Patriots a chance to repeat as Super Bowl Champions for the second time in franchise history, and for the first time since 2004. In addition, they had the chance to tie the Pittsburgh Steelers for the record of most Super Bowl wins by a team in NFL history with 6. However, due to a late strip-sack of Brady by Brandon Graham and a failed Hail Mary pass, the Eagles defeated the Patriots in Super Bowl LII by 41–33, ending the Patriots chance at a sixth Super Bowl", "id": "19704082" }, { "contents": "Nate Sudfeld\n\n\nthe Minnesota Vikings, he appeared in his first playoff game late in the 4th to take a knee down since the Eagles already locked up the 38–7 victory. The Eagles advanced to Super Bowl LII, where they won a close game against the New England Patriots 41–33, giving the Eagles their first Super Bowl win. Sudfeld was active as the backup to Foles, but did not play a down during the game. On December 30, 2018, Sudfeld came into the game against his former team to replace an injured Nick Foles", "id": "18247881" }, { "contents": "Philly Special\n\n\n; Foles thereby became the first player in Super Bowl history to both throw and catch a touchdown. Eagles coach Doug Pederson's decision to attempt to score a touchdown rather than attempt a field goal on the play helped put the Eagles in a better position to defeat the New England Patriots, which they subsequently did, 41–33. The victory was the Eagles' first championship in 57 years. Many analysts have since called the play one of the gutsiest play-calls in Super Bowl history. It was described by NFL Films as", "id": "22004751" }, { "contents": "Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nsince week 15 and threw for 352 passing yards and three touchdowns. The Eagles traveled to Minneapolis to compete in Super Bowl LII, their third attempt at a title, against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX from 2005. With Foles at the helm, the game's first touchdown was scored by the Eagles taking only three plays: a short pass from Foles to Nelson Agholor, a 36-yard run up the middle by LeGarrette Blount, and a 34-yard touchdown pass from Foles to Jeffery on", "id": "3791530" }, { "contents": "Chris Long\n\n\nBowl LI with the Patriots and Super Bowl LII with the Eagles. He won the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award for 2018. Chris Long was born in Santa Monica, California and is a son of Hall of Fame NFL defensive end Howie Long. He has two younger brothers, Chicago Bears offensive lineman Kyle Long and Howie Long, Jr., a scouting assistant and personnel assistant for the Oakland Raiders. He is a great-nephew of film director Irvin Kershner. He appeared in a 1980s anti-underage drinking", "id": "4436218" }, { "contents": "Chris Long\n\n\nPatriots, in Super Bowl LII with the Eagles, the two becoming just a handful of players to return to the Super Bowl with a new team the season after playing for the reigning champions the previous year. Long announced his retirement on May 18, 2019. On June 22, 2013, Long married Megan O'Malley in Charlottesville, Virginia. O'Malley is a graduate of the University of Virginia and former member of the UVa women's lacrosse team. The couple welcomed their first child, a son named Waylon James Long, on", "id": "4436240" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl LII\n\n\nCowboys in Super Bowls XII and XIII and again in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII. The Eagles therefore wore their standard home uniform of midnight green jerseys with white pants. Twelve of the previous 13 Super Bowls had been won by teams wearing white jerseys. The last team to win a Super Bowl while wearing their home uniforms was the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV (who, coincidentally, had also worn green jerseys). To coordinate the game and 10 days of events, the National Football League temporarily operated an events", "id": "17786063" }, { "contents": "Jerome Brown\n\n\nEagles' first game of the 1992 season. After his death, Eagles players and fans started the unofficial motto \"Bring it home for Jerome,\" an indirect reference among Eagles fans to bringing a Super Bowl title to the city in Brown's honor. The Eagles would win Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018, which would have been Brown's 53rd birthday. Brown is mentioned in The Wonder Years track \"We Could Die Like This\" off their 4th album \"The Greatest Generation\" with the lyrics: \"", "id": "12000682" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XVI\n\n\n-time participants since Super Bowl III (there has been only one since, Super Bowl XX between the Chicago Bears and New England Patriots). This was also the only Super Bowl to date between two teams who had losing records the previous season, although Super Bowl XXXIV matched a team that had a losing record in 1998 (St. Louis Rams) against a team that finished a mediocre 8–8 that year (Tennessee Titans). This is the most recent Super Bowl in which both teams had never appeared in \"any\"", "id": "9615208" }, { "contents": "Nelson Agholor\n\n\nhis previous two seasons combined. During Super Bowl LII against the New England Patriots, Agholor finished with 84 receiving yards as the Eagles won 41-33, earning their first Super Bowl championship in franchise history. On April 30, 2018, the Eagles exercised the fifth-year option on Agholor's contract in order to retain him for the 2019 season. In the 2018 season opener, against the Atlanta Falcons, Agholor completed his first career NFL pass attempt to Nick Foles on a trick play that went for 15 yards.", "id": "14517175" }, { "contents": "Trey Burton\n\n\nreceptions in the Eagles' NFC East Championship clinching 43–35 victory at the Los Angeles Rams. He received more playing time with Zach Ertz inactive after suffering a concussion. In Super Bowl LII against the New England Patriots, Burton threw a touchdown pass on a trick play to quarterback Nick Foles with 34 seconds remaining in the first half. The Eagles went on to win the Super Bowl 41–33. On March 14, 2018, Burton signed a four-year, $32 million contract with the Chicago Bears. On September 9,", "id": "18058447" }, { "contents": "Crash the Super Bowl\n\n\nfor two to Detroit during Super Bowl XLI in February 2007. The five finalist ads were posted to the contest web site for a month-long public vote. The commercial that received the most votes, \"Live the Flavor\" aired during the 2007 Super Bowl. Though the five 2006–2007 finalists were flown to Detroit, they did not actually attend the Super Bowl. Instead, they watched the game from a private party near the stadium. In a move that has since become a Crash the Super Bowl tradition, no one", "id": "1357826" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl Sunday (This Is Us)\n\n\n. Fogelman envisioned Jack's death as a consequence of the fire since the pilot script. He wanted the moment to take place towards the end of the second season and asked for the slot upon knowing NBC would air the Super Bowl. The fire sequence was filmed in December 2017 in Newhall Ranch, California. The episode was edited moments before airing to integrate footage of the Super Bowl LII, including the pregame show and the actual game featuring the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots. \"Super Bowl Sunday\" was originally", "id": "22035801" }, { "contents": "Doug Pederson\n\n\nremainder of the year. Despite becoming major playoff underdogs due to the loss of Wentz, Foles filled in admirably as the starter, allowing Philadelphia to make it to Super Bowl LII, their first Super Bowl appearance since the 2004 season. Eventual Super Bowl MVP Foles led the team in a 41-33 win over the New England Patriots, giving them their first Lombardi Trophy in franchise history and their first league championship since 1960. On May 3, 2018, it was reported the Philadelphia Eagles picked up Pederson's 5th year", "id": "12116852" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XXXVIII\n\n\nwhile losing to Philadelphia and Dallas in the regular season, then routing the Cowboys and edging the Eagles in the playoffs. VS. Jacksonville Jaguars VS. Philadelphia Eagles VS. Washington Redskins VS. Tennessee Titans VS. New York Giants VS. Indianapolis Colts VS. Houston Texans VS. Dallas Cowboys Since the Panthers finished with the third best regular season record in the NFC, they had to win three playoff games to reach the Super Bowl. The St. Louis Rams and the Philadelphia Eagles had better regular season records at 12–4,", "id": "1945955" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles\n\n\nfinal four matches and finishing 8-8. The Eagles entered 2012 with strong hopes after winning their last 4 games of last season. When the team started 3-1, including a 24-23 victory over the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens, the fans were thinking playoffs, even Super Bowl. However, these hopes came to a crashing halt as the team lost their next 8 and 11 of their next 12 to finish 4-12, their worst record since 1998. The Eagles proceeded to fire Andy Reid", "id": "6902273" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XV\n\n\n. In 1980, under head coach Dick Vermeil, the Philadelphia Eagles, who had not played in a league championship since their 1960 NFL championship, advanced to their first ever Super Bowl. The Eagles were led by quarterback Ron Jaworski, who completed 257 out of 451 passes for 3,529 yards during the regular season, including 27 touchdowns and only 12 interceptions. Another key player on the Eagles offense was halfback Wilbert Montgomery, who was widely considered one of the top running backs in the NFL and had rushed for over 1,200 yards", "id": "9615170" }, { "contents": "Bethel Johnson\n\n\nBethel Johnson (born February 11, 1979) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the second round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas A&M. Johnson earned two Super Bowl rings with the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVIII and Super Bowl XXXIX. He has also been a member of the New Orleans Saints, Minnesota Vikings, Philadelphia Eagles, Houston Texans and Toronto Argonauts. Johnson attended Corsicana High School in Corsicana, Texas and as a senior, he led", "id": "4312153" }, { "contents": "Alias (TV series)\n\n\n-Super Bowl timeslot due to ABC airing an 40-minute post-game show (unusually long even by Super Bowl standards), which pushed its start time past 11:00 p.m. ET. The episode retained only 19 percent of the Super Bowl audience, and has the dubious distinction of earning the lowest overall ratings for a program airing after a Super Bowl since at least 1987, and the lowest rating ever (8.3 rating) in the age 18–49 demographic for a post-Super Bowl program, until \"Elementary\" in 2013. Its", "id": "6746375" }, { "contents": "TIAA Bank Field\n\n\ncontract expired; by that point, most of Alltel's assets had been purchased by Verizon. In 2005, the stadium hosted Super Bowl XXXIX in which the New England Patriots defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 24–21 in front of 78,125, the largest Super Bowl in attendance since 1994. Paul McCartney performed at halftime, performing Beatles classics \"Drive My Car\", \"Get Back\", and \"Hey Jude\", as well as a firework-filled \"Live and Let Die\". In 2003 and 2004, $47 million", "id": "1114636" }, { "contents": "Sports-related curses\n\n\nbe at par, since there would be no Super Bowl until after the 1966 season, the Bills could be no greater than co-champions. There have been conflicting suggestions on how the Bills would have fared against the Green Bay Packers or Cleveland Browns, much as there have been disputes over how well the San Diego Chargers would have played against the Bears in 1963, had the Super Bowl existed at that time. Some writers and historians specifically attribute the Bills' lack of success to the location of their current stadium next", "id": "21631469" }, { "contents": "Alshon Jeffery\n\n\nGame against the Minnesota Vikings, Jeffery caught 5 passes for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns in 38–7 victory to advance to Super Bowl LII. In the Super Bowl, Jeffery caught 3 passes for 73 yards and scored the first touchdown of the game. The Eagles went on to defeat the New England Patriots 41–33 to give Jeffery and the franchise its first Super Bowl championship. On February 21, 2018, it was revealed that Jeffery underwent surgery for a torn rotator cuff. Jeffery underwent rotator cuff surgery in the offseason. He was", "id": "20411671" }, { "contents": "Keyshawn Johnson\n\n\nNFL. At that time he was joining a team that had fallen one game short of the Super Bowl the previous season. In 2002 Johnson went on to win a Super Bowl with the Buccaneers after the arrival of new head coach Jon Gruden, who succeeded Tony Dungy. Johnson had 76 catches for 1,088 yards and five touchdowns; In the playoffs, he had eight catches for 125 yards and a touchdown against the Eagles, then had six grabs for 69 yards in the Super Bowl. However, his bitter relationship with Gruden", "id": "3921937" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl curse\n\n\nThe Super Bowl curse or Super Bowl hangover is a phrase that refers to one of three phenomena that may occur in the National Football League (NFL). First, that host teams rarely qualify for the Super Bowl during the year their city will host. Second, that teams rarely win consecutive Super Bowls. Third, that a participating team will follow their Super Bowl appearance with sub-par seasons. These interpretations of the Super Bowl curse are not mutually exclusive. The term has been used since at least 1992, when", "id": "1311257" }, { "contents": "Jon Dorenbos\n\n\nnon-football illness list by the Saints the same day, and released with an injury settlement on September 9 before retiring. On February 4, 2018, the Eagles won Super Bowl LII; Eagles owner Jeffrey Lurie promised after the game that Dorenbos would receive a Super Bowl ring alongside the rest of the organization. Dorenbos was presented with his Super Bowl ring on June 21, 2018. Dorenbos is a professional magician, who has performed in Las Vegas, America's Got Talent and Hollywood. He collects the autographs of every", "id": "10686324" }, { "contents": "Curse of Billy Penn\n\n\nand , and appeared in the finals in , , , and ; the National Football League's Eagles appeared in Super Bowl XV following the 1980 season, losing to the Oakland Raiders; and the National Basketball Association's 76ers swept the 1983 NBA Finals, as well as making the finals in , , and . Before 1980, the Phillies had appeared in only two other World Series, in and , and the Eagles had won no NFC conference championships since the 1966 agreement that had created the Super Bowl, while the 76ers won", "id": "15089" }, { "contents": "1981 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nthe game, the Giants would stun the eagles 27-21, ending the Eagles season as well as hopes for a second straight Super Bowl appearance. The Eagles would not make the playoffs again until 1988. They also wouldn't reach the Super Bowl again until 2004. After going 12–4 and winning the NFC title and losing in Super Bowl XV to the Oakland Raiders in the 1980 season the Eagles would be picking next to last in the 12 rounds of the draft The 1981 NFL Draft was the procedure by which National Football", "id": "15740830" }, { "contents": "LeGarrette Blount\n\n\nyards, which included a 21-yard touchdown run. The Eagles won against his former team, the New England Patriots, by a score of 41–33, giving Blount his third Super Bowl championship and the Eagles' first in franchise history. Blount is one of only five players to win back-to-back Super Bowls with different teams along with Ken Norton, Jr., Deion Sanders, Brandon Browner, and teammate Chris Long. On March 16, 2018, Blount signed a one-year, $4.5 million contract which includes", "id": "21784619" }, { "contents": "American Eagle Foundation\n\n\n& Wildlife Service. The American Eagle Foundation is well known for using some of the eagles in its care to perform free-flights during the \"Star Spangled Banner\". The American Eagle Foundation found that people responded well to the sight of an eagle flying from one trainer to another. Since 1991, AEF eagles have performed over 8,000 free flights ranging from venues such as school gyms, all the way to Super Bowl and World Series games. Named in honor of the lost space shuttle crew, Challenger has performed free-", "id": "1034451" }, { "contents": "2006 Oakland Raiders season\n\n\nOutsiders\", the 2006 Raiders had the 6th largest offensive-defensive gap in the history, ranking 32nd in offense, but 8th in defense, behind the 2011 Patriots, 2002 and 2004 Chiefs, the 1992 Seahawks, and the 1991 Eagles. Former Raiders head coach Art Shell, frequently regarded as one of the greatest offensive linemen in NFL history, and who won two Super Bowls and went to multiple Pro Bowls as a member of the Raiders, received an interview. Since firing Shell in 1994, Davis had said numerous", "id": "6969540" }, { "contents": "History of the Green Bay Packers\n\n\nthe second time in franchise history and the first time since they were named league champions following the 1929–31 seasons. To this day, no other NFL team has matched or surpassed this record. The Packers' back-to-back wins in the first two Super Bowls remains a Super Bowl record, and has since been tied seven times by six other franchises: the Miami Dolphins won Super Bowls VII and VIII following the 1972 and 1973 seasons, the Pittsburgh Steelers won Super Bowls IX and X following the 1974 and 1975 seasons", "id": "245972" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl LII\n\n\nas underdogs after starting quarterback Carson Wentz suffered a season-ending injury late in the regular season. Backup quarterback Nick Foles, who was widely underestimated and discredited by pregame broadcasts, was the Eagles' starting quarterback for the rest of the season. With Foles, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl appearance, having previously lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV and to the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX. Several records were set during Super Bowl LII, including most yards gained in an NFL game by both teams", "id": "17786039" }, { "contents": "Ron Jaworski\n\n\nthe Minnesota Vikings in the Divisional Round of the playoffs (31–16), and then defeated the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Championship Game (20–7) to reach the franchise's first Super Bowl. Tom Landry's Cowboys had previously dominated the Eagles, a divisional rival, since the formation of the National Football Conference in 1970. The Eagles lost Super Bowl XV to the Oakland Raiders, 27–10. Following a shaky performance in the 1985 season-opener, Jaworski was benched and replaced by rookie Randall Cunningham in Week 2; Jaworski", "id": "1078711" }, { "contents": "1981 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nThe Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 49th season in the National Football League, they made the postseason for the fourth straight season (first time in franchise history the Eagles had made the postseason four straight times). The team was coming off a Super Bowl loss to the Oakland Raiders the previous season. Because they made the Super Bowl in 1980, they were picked by many to not only reach the Super Bowl, but to win it as well. The Eagles began the 1981 season with 6 straight wins, their", "id": "15740828" }, { "contents": "List of Philadelphia Eagles players\n\n\nThis is a complete list of American football players who have played for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). It includes players that have played at least one game in the NFL regular season. The Philadelphia Eagles franchise was founded in 1933. The Eagles played in four pre-Super Bowl Era NFL Championships (1947, 1948, 1949 and 1960) winning three (1948, 1949 and 1960). They have also played in three Super Bowls (XV, XXXIX and LII), winning Super Bowl", "id": "6708238" }, { "contents": "Thunder (mascot)\n\n\nThunder is the stage name for the horse who is the official live animal mascot for the Denver Broncos football team. Three purebred Arabians have held this role since 1993, all gray horses whose coats lightened with age until they turned completely white. Sharon Magness-Blake has owned all three horses, and Ann Judge has been their rider since 1998 and trainer since 1999. , Thunder has appeared in four Super Bowls with the team since 1998. The original Thunder performed in Super Bowl XXXII and Super Bowl XXXIII and Thunder III appeared", "id": "3240893" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XLIV\n\n\nIn 2012, New Orleans failed to make the playoffs for the first time since their Super Bowl win, with the sanctions for Bountygate cited as one of the primary causes. The Saints rebounded in 2013, but were eliminated in the Divisional playoff round by the eventual Super Bowl XLVIII champion Seattle Seahawks.They returned to the playoffs in 2017 by defeating the Carolina Panthers in the Wild Card Round, but lost to the Minnesota Vikings in the Divisional Round. The next season they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the Divisional Round to advance", "id": "220805" }, { "contents": "List of Super Bowl lead-out programs\n\n\nSuper Bowl XXXVII was dampened by an unusually-long 40-minute post-game show (with a performance by Bon Jovi prior to the trophy presentation), which pushed the start time past 11:00 p.m. ET. Although a series high, the episode was one of the lowest-rated Super Bowl lead-outs. It is common for affiliates in the home markets of the competing teams to delay the lead-out show further, until after additional local post-game coverage (though in 2018, despite the Philadelphia Eagles's win", "id": "7808236" }, { "contents": "Bowl game\n\n\nNFL World Championship Game became the NFL's championship and is now known as the Super Bowl, as it has been named since 1968 (the name was coined by Lamar Hunt after watching his daughter play with a super ball). There has also been the American Bowl, a preseason match held overseas, and various one-time games informally nicknamed bowls, such as the Bounty Bowl, Ice Bowl, Snow Bowl, Freezer Bowl, Fog Bowl, Mud Bowl, Tuna Bowl, Manning Bowl, Harbaugh Bowl and the proposed", "id": "18862955" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Jenkins\n\n\nfirst round bye and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Eagles advanced to the Super Bowl after defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the NFC Divisional Round and the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Jenkins started in Super Bowl LII recorded four solo tackles and a pass deflection as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33. The victory in Super Bowl LII marked Jenkins' second Super Bowl victory and became the second time he helped a team achieve their first Super Bowl", "id": "15046064" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl ring\n\n\nproduced at that time, only to be surpassed by the rings awarded for Super Bowl 50 and Super Bowl LI. The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter, to which Falcons owner Arthur Blank reportedly confronted Patriots owner Robert Kraft in August 2017 over his perceived \"insult-by-karat\". The Philadelphia Eagles's ring for Super Bowl LII contains 127 diamonds on the bezel, which is the total", "id": "22086825" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XL\n\n\nsibling ESPN the following season under the new deal, which also saw ESPN/ABC removed from the Super Bowl rotation. However, ABC would show all future ESPN-produced playoff games, with the exception of January 2015, although ESPN/ABC has yet to be reinstated to the Super Bowl rotation. Although the Super Bowl had largely been presented in high definition since Super Bowl XXXIV, Super Bowl XL was the first Super Bowl where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD. The telecast featured play-by", "id": "11645922" } ]

[ { "contents": "Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election\n\n\nother than that of the two major parties in the 2008 presidential election, as well those who ran as independents, are listed below. The following nominees appeared on enough state ballots to theoretically obtain the minimum 270 electoral votes needed to win the election. \"For independent candidates that did not achieve ballot access in enough states to win 270 electoral votes, see Independents section\". The nominees of the following parties appeared on fewer state ballots than needed to qualify for the minimum 270 electoral votes required to win the electoral college.", "id": "9389465" }, { "contents": "Independence Day (Philippines)\n\n\narmy August 1, 1898, and was again ratified on September 29, 1898 by the Malolos Congress. The Philippines failed to win international recognition of its independence, specifically including the United States of America and Spain. The Spanish government later ceded the Philippine archipelago to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. The Philippines Revolutionary Government did not recognize the treaty and the two sides subsequently fought what was known as the Philippine–American War. The United States of America granted independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946", "id": "17060553" }, { "contents": "Chin State\n\n\nresult, when the 1947 Constitution of Burma granted the right of secession to states after 10 years after the independence, the Chin people did not get a state (no right to secede). (The Karen, who did not participate in the conference, received a state, with the right to secede.) Upon Burma's independence from the United Kingdom in 1948, Chin Hills Special Division was created out of the Chin Hills, with its capital at Falam. On January 4, 1974, it was granted state status", "id": "17190918" }, { "contents": "2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio\n\n\npodiatrist and U.S. Army veteran who unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Cincinnati in 2009; Tony Brush; Joe Green, who ran as a write-in candidate; Fred Kundrata; and Schmidt sought the Republican nomination. Wenstrup upset Schmidt to win the nomination. William R. Smith won the Democratic primary against David Krikorian, who challenged Schmidt in 2008 and 2010. Krikorian said in October 2011 that if he did not receive the support of the Democratic Party he would run as an independent candidate but did not. State representative Connie Pillich,", "id": "19335707" }, { "contents": "Río Piedras massacre\n\n\nhis opposition, the bill did not progress in Congress, and Puerto Rico did not receive its political independence from the U.S. In 1950, the 81st United States Congress passed legislation to enable the people of Puerto Rico to organize a local government pursuant to a constitution of their own, comparable to those of other territories and states of the United States. From its enactment until this day, the act has served as the organic law for the government of Puerto Rico and its relation with the United States. Muñoz Marín, as Governor", "id": "1530182" }, { "contents": "Hispanos\n\n\nHispanic and Latino Americans who have lived in the Southwestern United States for centuries, who did not cross any border into the United States, but rather had the border cross them. They have lived in the area that today is the Southwestern USA from the time that the area represented the northernmost region of the colony of New Spain. That Spanish colony then mostly became Mexico upon its independence from Spain. Finally, the northernmost parts of Mexico became a part of the USA, which the USA acquired along with the existing population.", "id": "14374947" }, { "contents": "United States Declaration of Independence\n\n\nattention in the years immediately following the American Revolution, having served its original purpose in announcing the independence of the United States. Early celebrations of Independence Day largely ignored the Declaration, as did early histories of the Revolution. The \"act\" of declaring independence was considered important, whereas the \"text\" announcing that act attracted little attention. The Declaration was rarely mentioned during the debates about the United States Constitution, and its language was not incorporated into that document. George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights was", "id": "13293969" }, { "contents": "United States Supreme Court Building\n\n\noriginated from Chief Justice William Howard Taft in 1912 and was officially completed under the guidance of Chief Justice Hughes.In 1929, Chief Justice Taft argued successfully for the Court to have its own headquarters to distance itself from Congress as an independent branch of government, but he did not live to see it built. The court was finally designed by Cass Gilbert, who was a well-known architect and friend to Taft, and created many other structures in the United States. From 1860 to 1935, the Supreme Court Justices were", "id": "14788288" }, { "contents": "List of 1948 Winter Olympics medal winners\n\n\nWorld War II. The Soviet Union, who did not form an NOC until 1951, declined to take part. Sweden repeated its success in cross-country skiing, winning all three medals in the Men's 18 km event and all three gold medals available in the sport. Canadian teenager Barbara-Ann Scott became the first from her nation to win an Olympic gold medal in figure skating, and Dick Button from the United States did the same. Alpine skier Henri Oreiller from France won the most medals with a total of", "id": "6462697" }, { "contents": "George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign\n\n\nFormer Governor of Alabama George Wallace ran in the 1968 United States presidential election as the candidate for the American Independent Party. Wallace's pro-segregation policies during his term as Governor of Alabama were rejected by the mainstream of the Democratic Party. The impact of the Wallace campaign was substantial, winning the electoral votes of several states in the Deep South. Although Wallace did not expect to win the election, his strategy was to prevent either major party candidate from winning a majority in the Electoral College. This would throw the election", "id": "4495600" }, { "contents": "2008 United States Senate election in Virginia\n\n\nVote On March 29, 2008, the Libertarian Party of Virginia state convention nominated Bill Redpath as its Senate candidate. Redpath, who was serving as national party chair at the time, cited the importance of running a Libertarian candidate for federal office this election year, considering the fact that the Independent Greens have been fielding candidates so actively in recent years. Glenda Gail Parker from Alexandria, a retired U.S. Air Force officer, ran again for the Independent Greens as she did in the 2006 Senate election. After the Democratic, Republican", "id": "15564538" }, { "contents": "Republic of Yucatán\n\n\nprecedent for the independence of the Yucatán and the formation of a new republic. As Mexico had won its independence from Spain, several provinces on the periphery of New Spain had been subsumed into the new Mexican empire and its successor state, the Republic of Mexico, or the United States of Mexico. One of its northernmost territories, Texas, had been populated mostly by settlers from the United States. Mexican centralization conflicted with the ideas of the Anglo-Texans, who decided to seek US volunteers for their own independence. With", "id": "17377285" }, { "contents": "Samoan Americans\n\n\nSamoan Americans are Americans of Samoan origin, including those who emigrated from the Independent State of Samoa or American Samoa to the United States. Samoan Americans are Pacific Islanders in the United States Census, and are the second largest Pacific Islander group in the U.S., after Native Hawaiians. American Samoa has been an unincorporated territory of the United States since 1900, and Samoa, formally known as the Independent State of Samoa and known as Western Samoa until 1997, is an independent nation that gained its independence from New Zealand in 1962.", "id": "20191791" }, { "contents": "Po-ca-hon-tas, or The Gentle Savage\n\n\ncontaminate could be reined in”, but regardless of this view, the culture of the Native Americans took on a considerable amount of damage over the course of the nineteenth century. After winning independence from England in 1776, the new United States’ government began taking possession of Indian territories that lay west of the Appalachian Mountains, even though the United States did not yet manifest past that frontier. From this seizure on, there was a rapid fire of treaties and court cases between the American government and the Indian nations. Treaties", "id": "16353134" }, { "contents": "John Jay\n\n\nThe United States agreed to negotiate with Britain separately, then with France. In July 1782, the Earl of Shelburne offered the Americans independence, but Jay rejected the offer on the grounds that it did not recognize American independence during the negotiations; Jay's dissent halted negotiations until the fall. The final treaty dictated that the United States would have Newfoundland fishing rights, Britain would acknowledge the United States as independent and would withdraw its troops in exchange for the United States ending the seizure of Loyalist property and honoring private debts. The", "id": "20030598" }, { "contents": "Elbridge Gerry\n\n\nWar. Elected to the Second Continental Congress, Gerry signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. He was one of three men who attended the Constitutional Convention in 1787 who refused to sign the United States Constitution because it did not then include a Bill of Rights. After its ratification he was elected to the inaugural United States Congress, where he was actively involved in drafting and passage of the Bill of Rights as an advocate of individual and state liberties. Gerry was at first opposed to the idea of political", "id": "10260301" }, { "contents": "1972 United States presidential election\n\n\nof Vietnam Veterans Against the War were brought on federal charges for conspiring to disrupt the Republican convention. They were acquitted by a federal jury in Gainesville, Florida. The only major third party candidate in the 1972 election was conservative Republican Representative John G. Schmitz, who ran on the American Independent Party ticket (the party on whose ballot George Wallace ran in 1968). He was on the ballot in 32 states and received 1,099,482 votes. Unlike Wallace, however, he did not win a majority of votes cast in any state", "id": "18887916" }, { "contents": "International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)\n\n\n, culminating in the Cuban War of Independence. The United States demanded reforms from Spain, which Spain refused. The U.S. intervened by war in 1898. Winning easily, the U.S. took Cuba and gave it independence. The U.S. also took the Spanish colonies of the Philippines and Guam. Though it still had small colonial holdings in North Africa, Spain's role in international affairs was essentially over. The Greek War of Independence was the major military conflict in the 1820s. The Great Powers supported the Greeks, but did not want", "id": "13298791" }, { "contents": "Angola–United States relations\n\n\nthat Communist Cuba had 30,000 troops in Angola, the Republican administration of President Ford attempted to counter them. This was thwarted by the Tunney/Clark amendment, passed by a Democratic congress forbidding any involvement. The United States opposed Angola's membership in the United Nations from its declaration of independence in 1975 to its acceptance in December 1976. Angola did not have formal relations with the United States until 1993. Fidel Castro regarded the attitude of the United States: Why were they vexed? Why had they planned everything to take possession", "id": "2844295" }, { "contents": "Mexico–United States relations\n\n\nNew Spain gained its independence from Spain and established the First Mexican Empire under the rule of Agustín de Iturbide, who had initially fought in the royal army against the insurgents in the independence from Spain. Independent Mexico was soon recognized by the United States. The two countries quickly established diplomatic relations, with Joel Poinsett as the first envoy. In 1828 Mexico and the United States confirmed the boundaries established by the Adams–Onís Treaty by concluding the Treaty of Limits, but certain elements in the United States were greatly displeased with the", "id": "18595160" }, { "contents": "Head of state\n\n\n, representing the territorial expansion of the United States in the first 130 years from its founding, which is promoted as the \"Shrine of Democracy\". Former Presidents of the United States, while holding no political powers per se, sometimes continue to exert influence in national and world affairs. A monarch may retain his style and certain prerogatives after abdication, as did King Leopold III of Belgium, who left the throne to his son after winning a referendum which allowed him to retain a full royal household deprived him of a constitutional", "id": "13116091" }, { "contents": "International recognition of Kosovo\n\n\nSerbia to seek an International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence. On 22 July 2010, the ICJ ruled that the declaration of independence of Kosovo \"did not violate any applicable rule of international law\", because its authors, who were \"representatives of the people of Kosovo\", were not bound by the Constitutional Framework (promulgated by UNMIK) or by UNSCR 1244 that is addressed only to United Nations Member States and organs of the United Nations. Within the EU, key supporters of Kosovo's", "id": "21817488" }, { "contents": "Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin\n\n\nfor the premiership and was voted into this post on May 22, 1959. On August 1, 1960 Dahomey gained its independence and Maga became its first president. Shortly after independence, the three parties united into the \"Patriotic Action Front\" and redistricted Dahomey into one electoral constituency. Under this system, they would provide a list of candidates of whom whoever received a majority would win all legislative seats. It did not last long; soon, Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin broke from the union and, using the discontent among people over", "id": "7699143" }, { "contents": "United Kingdom general election records\n\n\ncandidates are not included, nor are Speakers of the House or Commons. Also excluded are occasions where the party had merged into an organisation which did contest the election, such as when the Social Democratic Party and Liberal Party formed the Liberal Democrats, or the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party merged into the Ulster Unionist Party. Victories by independent and minor party candidates since 1945. For a complete list, see the list of UK minor party and independent MPs elected. Independent candidates who did not win, but took 10% or more", "id": "14690508" }, { "contents": "Natural-born-citizen clause\n\n\nclaim U.S. citizenship on the basis of his parents, who lived all their lives in the Philippines, because they were born while the Philippines was U.S. territory prior to being given its independence. The Courts for the Second, Third, and Ninth Circuits have also held that birth in the Philippines at a time when the country was a territory of the United States does not constitute birth \"in the United States\" under the Citizenship Clause, and thus did not give rise to United States citizenship. In a 2012 New York case", "id": "20464392" }, { "contents": "2018 United States elections\n\n\nincumbents did not seek election in 2018 while all Democratic and independent incumbents sought another term. 42 Republican senators and 23 Democratic senators were not up for election. Assuming that the two independents won re-election and continued to caucus with them, Senate Democrats needed to win a net gain of two Senate seats to win a majority. Including the two independents, Democrats held approximately 74 percent of the seats up for election, the highest proportion held by one party in a midterm election since at least 1914. Prior to the 2018", "id": "10389832" }, { "contents": "History of Liberia\n\n\nsettlers was the highest in accurately recorded human history. Of the 4,571 emigrants who arrived in Liberia from 1820 to 1843, only 1,819 survived until 1843. In 1847, the ACS encouraged Liberia to proclaim independence, as it no longer wanted to support it. The United States declined to act on requests from the ACS to make Liberia an American colony, or to establish a formal protectorate over Liberia, but it did exercise a \"moral protectorate\" over Liberia, intervening when European powers threatened its territory or sovereignty. Northern state", "id": "17919658" }, { "contents": "International relations, 1648–1814\n\n\nhighly popular with elite French opinion, including intellectuals and the Royal court. France wanted revenge after its defeat in the 1760s, and again heavily funding the American revolt. After the Americans captured a British invasion force at Saratoga, in upstate New York in 1777, the French officially declared war on Britain, recognize the independence of the new United States, and were joined officially by the Dutch (who recognized the United States) and the Spanish (who did not.) All of Europe was neutral, with the favoritism toward", "id": "10395153" }, { "contents": "History of soccer in the United States\n\n\nThe 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup took place at this point, and the United States fielded a younger team of players who were attempting to win their way into the senior squad, including Landon Donovan who was coming off of a sabbatical from the sport at the time. The United States won every game they played in the tournament, defeating Panama 1-0 in the Final to take the cup. The United States continued its win streak by defeating Bosnia-Herzegovina, but lost to Belgium to end their win streak at 13.", "id": "16663095" }, { "contents": "Crown of Ireland Act 1542\n\n\nunamended on the statute books. From a British perspective, the Irish Free State became legislatively independent with the passage in the British parliament of the Statute of Westminster 1931. However, the Irish Free State considered itself legislatively independent before its passage and did not recognize its legal situation as being changed. The country thereafter shared the person of its monarch with the United Kingdom and the other Dominions of the then-called British Commonwealth. The Irish Free State adopted a new constitution in 1937, although the Irish monarchy was not abolished in", "id": "4791869" }, { "contents": "Roger Sherman\n\n\nfour great state papers of the United States, the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Association, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Robert Morris, who did not sign the Articles of Association, signed the other three. John Dickinson also signed three, the Continental Association, the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He was involved with the Declaration of Independence but abstained, hoping for a reconciliation with Britain. Despite the fact that Sherman had no formal legal training, he was", "id": "17589222" }, { "contents": "Culture of the United States\n\n\n, or prohibiting its free exercise. In following decades, the animating spirit behind the constitution's Establishment Clause led to the disestablishment of the official religions within the member states. The framers were mainly influenced by secular, Enlightenment ideals, but they also considered the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups who did not want to be under the power or influence of a state religion that did not represent them. Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence said: \"The priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in", "id": "684292" }, { "contents": "List of third party performances in United States presidential elections\n\n\ntheir major party status). In the 58 presidential elections since 1788, third party or independent candidates have won at least 5.0% of the vote or garnered electoral votes 12 times (21%); this does not count George Washington, who was elected as an independent in 1788–1789 and 1792, but who largely supported Federalist policies and was supported by Federalists. The last third party candidate to win a state was George Wallace of the American Independent Party in 1968, while the last third party candidate to win more than 5.0", "id": "19822220" }, { "contents": "Vallabhbhai Patel\n\n\nthe princely states into India. This achievement formed the cornerstone of Patel's popularity in the post-independence era. Even today he is remembered as the man who united India. He is, in this regard, compared to Otto von Bismarck of Germany, who did the same thing in the 1860s. Under the plan of 3June, more than 562 princely states were given the option of joining either India or Pakistan, or choosing independence. Indian nationalists and large segments of the public feared that if these states did not accede", "id": "14508054" }, { "contents": "Foster Care Independence Act\n\n\nUnited States.\" Qualified individuals are considered individuals who: First Lady of the United States Hillary Clinton was instrumental in passage of the bill, first holding a youth conference on the issues involved and then lobbying the United States Congress in support of legislation. It followed in the wake of her support for the earlier Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, which made it easier to adopt foster children; the Foster Care Independence Act was intended to ease the transition into adulthood of foster children who did not get adopted. Passage of", "id": "10741200" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of Serbia\n\n\nSerbia has strong but strained relations with the United States and a bit more relaxed relations with Canada, because of their hostile recognition of Kosovo's independence and NATO aggression from 1999, which aimed to help this secession. On 25 February 2008, Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica demanded that the United States rescind its recognition of Kosovo, warning that \"there will be no stability until the fake state\" is annulled. Serbia has very good relations with Latin America, except Colombia and Panama, which did recognize Kosovo's independence. Brazil", "id": "13792119" }, { "contents": "Independent Republican (United States)\n\n\nIndependent Republican is a term occasionally adopted by members of Congress in the United States to refer to their party affiliation. It is also used for those on the state level who are Republicans but do not affiliate with the national Republican Party. It has generally been used by members of Congress who have considered themselves to be members of the Republican Party, but who did not receive the nomination of the Republican Party and therefore ran against and defeated the Republican Party's official candidate in the general election. Examples include Thomas S. Butler,", "id": "20442945" }, { "contents": "Backspacer\n\n\nJam did not re-sign its record deal with J Records, and the band released the album through its own label Monkeywrench Records in conjunction with Universal Music Group in the United States and through Universal's Island Records internationally. Pearl Jam reached a deal with Target to be the exclusive big-box store retailer for the album in the United States. The album also saw release through the band's official website, independent record stores, online retailers, and iTunes. Those who purchase the compact disc or iTunes version of the", "id": "2641574" }, { "contents": "2016 United States presidential election in New Mexico\n\n\nHillary Clinton won the state of New Mexico with a plurality, by a margin of 8.2 percentage points, carrying the state's five electoral votes. The state had long been considered leaning Democratic, or a state Hillary Clinton would win, due to its large population of Hispanic/Latino and Native American voters. This is the third time since 1912, when New Mexico attained statehood, that the state voted for a candidate who did not win the electoral college. New Mexico voted for the electoral college runner-up in 1976", "id": "4439381" }, { "contents": "761st Tank Battalion (United States)\n\n\nThe 761st Tank Battalion was an independent tank battalion of the United States Army during World War II. The 761st was made up primarily of African-American soldiers, who by federal law were not permitted to serve alongside white troops as the U.S. military did not officially desegregate until after World War II. They were known as the Black Panthers after their unit's distinctive insignia; their motto was \"Come out fighting\". The battalion received a Presidential Unit Citation for its actions. In addition, a large number of individual members", "id": "7277637" }, { "contents": "2018 United States Senate election in Maine\n\n\nbecoming more culturally conservative, the state began moving toward the Democrats, and Bill Clinton carried it in 1992. Clinton's win established a Democratic winning streak that lasted until Donald Trump won an electoral vote from the state's second congressional district in 2016 despite losing the rest of the state. The state has a tradition of electing various independent candidates to high office, such as Angus King, who served as governor of the state from 1995 to 2003. In 2012, King's decision to run for the Senate seat being vacated", "id": "4020765" }, { "contents": "Status of Jerusalem\n\n\nthe Palestinian people to an independent state with its capital in East Jerusalem.\" The United States recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and maintains its embassy there. Prior to the embassy's opening in Jerusalem on 14 May 2018, the United States maintained its embassy in Tel Aviv, and a consulate general in Jerusalem as part of the \"Consular Corps of the Corpus Separatum\". When Israel was founded, the position of the United States was that its recognition of Israel did not imply a particular view on the status of", "id": "10644256" }, { "contents": "Liberia\n\n\nis Monrovia. Liberia began as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States. The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. did not recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198", "id": "17919581" }, { "contents": "2017 World Baseball Classic – Pool F\n\n\nRepublic, were eliminated. Pool F MVP: Yadier Molina Puerto Rico made its comeback from its three-loss streak from 2013 World Baseball Classic by giving the reigning champions Dominican Republic its first loss since the 2009 World Baseball Classic. Drew Smyly struck out eight Venezuelan batters, while Félix Hernández did not allow a run to the United States for five innings. Adam Jones and Eric Hosmer hit home runs in the eighth inning to give the United States the lead. With their win against the United States, Venezuela was eliminated from", "id": "18191751" }, { "contents": "United States Army\n\n\nat the Battle of the Wabash, where more than 800 Americans were killed, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the United States Army in 1796. The War of 1812, the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. The U.S. Army did not conquer Canada but it did destroy Native American resistance to expansion in the Old Northwest and it validated its independence by stopping two major British invasions in 1814 and 1815.", "id": "13609287" }, { "contents": "1968 United States presidential election in Vermont\n\n\nMuskie of Maine. Nixon took 52.75% of the vote to Humphrey’s 43.53%, a margin of 9.22%. The American Independent candidate, Southern populist Governor George Wallace of Alabama, did not have a serious impact on the race. While taking 13.53 percent nationally and winning electoral votes from five Southern states, Wallace would take only 3.16 percent of the vote in Vermont. Wallace's base of support was in the South, and he had little appeal in Northeastern states. Vermont would be Wallace’s third weakest state in", "id": "17731293" }, { "contents": "Economy of Haiti\n\n\nindependence, Haiti suffered from isolation on the international stage, as evidenced by the early lack of diplomatic recognition accorded to it by Europe and the United States; this had a negative impact on willingness of foreigners to invest in Haiti. One very significant economic obstacle in Haiti's early independence was its necessary payment of 150 million francs to France beginning in 1825; this did much to drain the country of its capital stock. According to a 2014 study, the Haitian economy stagnated due to a combination of weak state power and adverse", "id": "13003774" }, { "contents": "Philippine Independence Day Parade\n\n\nThe Philippine Independence Day Parade takes place annually in the United States along Madison Avenue in the Manhattan borough of New York City. The parade is held on the first Sunday in June. Its main purpose is to create awareness of Philippine culture and to raise funds for charity projects in the Philippines and the United States. Philippine Independence, as a celebration in America, has gained cultural awareness prominently after the 21st century began. Earlier generations of Filipino immigrants did not celebrate Philippine Independence in significant ways. Philippine Independence Day is widely celebrated", "id": "19737033" }, { "contents": "Women's suffrage in states of the United States\n\n\nproceeded to elect the first woman to the United States Congress in 1916, Jeannette Rankin. Arizona became a state in 1912, but it had many conservative Southerners and its new constitution did not include women's suffrage. Activists formed the Arizona Equal Suffrage Association (AESA) and launched a campaign to win the vote. Their tactics were to reach out to progressive organizations for endorsements, winning the support of influential political and civic leaders, and getting help from NAWSA for speakers and funds. AESA sent delegations to the Republican and Democratic", "id": "1115937" }, { "contents": "Southard's Independent Company\n\n\nCompany \"A\" (Southard's Independent Company), Pennsylvania (Colored) Infantry was a United States Colored Troops unit briefly formed during the Civil War. The unit was organized at Camp William Penn, Pennsylvania on July 28, 1864 It was named for its commander, Captain Converse Southard. The unit was disbanded November 14, 1864 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and its remaining members sent to reinforce existing U.S.C.T. regiments. Not much is known about this unit, except that it did not see combat. It was enlisted for a", "id": "7496841" }, { "contents": "Emanuel Weinberg\n\n\ndrew criticism from reform-minded Democrats, including United States Senator (and former Philadelphia mayor) Joseph S. Clark, Jr., who said the nomination showed \"contempt for the independent vote.\" Weinberg's nomination also disappointed Guerin's widow, Mary C. Guerin, who ran as an independent. Guerin noted that Weinberg had been fired from his state job for good reason, saying \"one would suppose that Governor Leader did not fire him for being late for work.\" Despite the split in Democratic support, Weinberg achieved a", "id": "20441612" }, { "contents": "1840s\n\n\nin 1849—of which 50,000 to 60,000 were from the United States. In 1850, California joined the union as the 31st state. The Republic of Texas had declared independence in 1836, as part of breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States declined the offer. In 1844, James K. Polk was elected the United States president after", "id": "15883575" }, { "contents": "History of Estonia\n\n\nKalamaja cemetery. Many countries including the United States did not recognize the seizure of Estonia by the USSR. Such countries recognized Estonian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in many countries in the name of their former governments. These aging diplomats persisted in this anomalous situation until the ultimate restoration of Baltic independence. Ernst Jaakson, the longest-serving foreign diplomatic representative to the United States, served as vice-consul from 1934, and as consul general in charge of the Estonian legation in the United States from 1965 until reestablishment of Estonia", "id": "20379173" }, { "contents": "List of Olympic medalists for the Philippines\n\n\nthree bronze medals. It was even said that Los Angeles' weather helped the athletes, as it was comparatively as same with that of the Philippines. The Philippines would win another bronze medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics at Berlin. After independence from the United States, the country did not win another medal until the Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics, where boxer Anthony Villanueva was beaten at the gold medal bout. His father, José, was one of the bronze medalists in 1932. Boxing would later bring all of the remaining medals", "id": "2925922" }, { "contents": "1968 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\n\n\nEngland states voting for Humphrey, New Hampshire became one of the two states in the region (the other being neighboring Vermont) to vote for Nixon. The American Independent candidate, Southern populist Governor George Wallace of Alabama, did not have a serious impact on the race. While taking 13.53% nationally and winning electoral votes from five Southern states, Wallace would take only 3.76% of the vote in New Hampshire. Wallace’s base of support was in the South, and he had little appeal in Northeastern states. New Hampshire", "id": "5904028" }, { "contents": "United States Interests Section in Havana\n\n\n20, 2015, following the normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries. USINT Havana and its counterpart, the \"Interests Section of the Republic of Cuba\" in Washington, were formally sections of the respective Embassies of Switzerland, although they operated independently of the Swiss in virtually all but protocol respects. During this period, the United States and Cuba did not operate embassies in each other's countries, and their respective Interests Sections functioned as de facto embassies. The last Section Chief of USINT Havana was Jeffrey DeLaurentis, who", "id": "21337062" }, { "contents": "Caddo Lake State Park\n\n\nthe two was set along the Sabine River and the 32nd parallel, which placed the Caddo Lake Area within the borders of Texas. In 1821, after 11 years of fighting, the Spanish territory of Mexico won its independence. This included the area of the present-day Caddo Lake state park. Winning the Texas Revolution allowed the Republic of Texas to become independent from Mexico and be annexed by the United States. The 1931 Texas Legislature dedicated state property at Caddo Lake as a public park. Land was donated by various institutions", "id": "4570629" }, { "contents": "United Nations Border Relief Operation\n\n\n, who also served as WFP representative. Because the operation had no staff at the beginning, UNICEF agreed to a six-month loan of its Kampuchean Emergency Unit until UNBRO could hire its own people. UNBRO was a temporary agency, created by the UN General Assembly to address a specific crisis. It had a mandate but no charter or independent governing council. Nor did it have an independent budget; it had to rely on the support of donor countries from the General Assembly, solicited through pledges at donor meetings twice a", "id": "7172034" }, { "contents": "Alcoa Power Generating Inc.\n\n\nRiver was not navigable at the time of United States independence from Great Britain, meaning that the state of North Carolina would not have ownership of it from that time. This means the riverbed may have been included in land purchases by Alcoa and other companies that preceded it. Alcoa attorneys said the company did own the land and the state did not have a claim. A determination of who owned the riverbed was to be made in a trial. On August 27, while asking attorneys questions that would help him determine whether to", "id": "2310490" }, { "contents": "List of national founders\n\n\nsigned the Declaration of Independence in 1776) and the Framers (who were delegates to the Federal Convention and took part in framing or drafting the proposed Constitution of the United States). Some historians have suggested a revised definition of the \"Founding Fathers\", including a significantly broader group of not only the Signers and the Framers but also all those who, whether as politicians or jurists or statesmen or soldiers or diplomats or ordinary citizens, took part in winning US independence and creating the United States of America. Eminent American historian", "id": "22202835" }, { "contents": "Gini Laurie\n\n\nVirginia Grace Wilson \"Gini\" Laurie (June 10, 1913 – June 28, 1989) was a central figure in the 20th century development, in the United States, of the independent living movement for people with disabilities. It is sometimes said that she was one of its two \"grandmothers\"—the other one being Mary Switzer, who was in charge of vocational rehabilitation at the national level from 1950 to 1970. Gini Laurie did her work entirely as a volunteer. From modest beginnings in the 1950s, she founded the organizations now", "id": "15166850" }, { "contents": "History of Kenya\n\n\none-party state. On 1 August members of the Kenyan Air Force launched an attempted coup, which was quickly suppressed by Loyalist forces led by the Army the General Service Unit (GSU) – paramilitary wing of the police – and later the regular police, but not without civilian casualties. Independent Kenya, although officially non-aligned, adopted a pro-Western stance. Kenya worked unsuccessfully for East African union; the proposal to unite Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda did not win approval. However, the three nations did", "id": "16824242" }, { "contents": "Estonia–Mexico relations\n\n\nthe few countries that did not recognize the Soviet annexation of Estonia. In August 1991, Estonia obtained its independence after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. Mexico soon recognized the independence of Estonia on 5 September 1991 and re-established diplomatic relations with the country on 5 December 1991. Since then, Mexico has been accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki, Finland and Estonia has been accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. In October 1995, both nations signed a Technology related co-", "id": "3068218" }, { "contents": "Spanish–American War\n\n\nCuba technically gained its independence after the war ended, the United States government ensured that it had some form of power and control over Cuban affairs. The U.S. annexed the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam. The notion of the United States as an imperial power, with colonies, was hotly debated domestically with President McKinley and the Pro-Imperialists winning their way over vocal opposition led by Democrat William Jennings Bryan, who had supported the war. The American public largely supported the possession of colonies, but", "id": "8586780" }, { "contents": "Television in the United States\n\n\ndistribute his station – which subsequently had its call sign changed to WTBS (for \"Turner Broadcasting System\") – via satellite enabled WTCG to be received nationwide, especially in markets that did not have a local independent station or did not receive an out-of-market independent. In 1981, Turner Broadcasting split the Atlanta broadcast feed of WTBS from the satellite-delivered cable feed and began marketing the channel to cable providers as a \"free market superstation\". (The broadcast and cable feeds, however, simulcast one", "id": "1734975" }, { "contents": "Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey\n\n\nroots back to the first informal varsity team that began in 1922 playing an independent NCAA Division I schedule. On January 11, 1922, Michigan State played its first intercollegiate hockey game, a 1-5 loss to Michigan. Home games during the first season were played on the frozen Red Cedar River on MSU's campus. Michigan State finished 0-3 in the 1922 season and picked up its first win during the second season on February 11, 1923, 6-1 over the Lansing Independents. The team did not", "id": "16663857" }, { "contents": "1876 United States presidential election\n\n\nany of the cares and responsibilities of the office.\" Hayes paid off those who helped him win the Electoral College with government sinecures. According to the Commission's rulings, of the 2,249 counties and independent cities making returns, Tilden won in 1,301 (57.85%) while Hayes carried only 947 (42.11%). One county (0.04%) in Nevada split evenly between Tilden and Hayes. While the Greenback ticket did not have a major impact on the election's outcome, attracting slightly under one percent of the popular", "id": "18722437" }, { "contents": "Hawaiian sovereignty movement\n\n\nmany attempts to restore the kingdom, it became a territory of the US in 1898, without any input from Native Hawaiians. Hawaii became a US state on March 18, 1959, following a referendum in which at least 93% of voters approved of statehood. By then, most voters were not Native Hawaiian. The 1959 referendum did not have an option for independence from the United States. Following Hawaii's admission as a state, the United Nations removed Hawaii from its list of non-self-governing territories (a", "id": "12179363" }, { "contents": "National Party (Zambia)\n\n\nnominated 98 candidates, receiving 7% of the vote and winning five seats in the National Assembly, making it the largest opposition party amidst a United National Independence Party boycott. In 2000 Sam Chipungu was elected party president. In the 2001 general elections it did not run a presidential candidate, but supported Anderson Mazoka of the United Party for National Development, who finished as runner-up. In the parliamentary elections it received just 0.07% of the vote and failed to win a seat, having disintegrated after the death of Mulemba", "id": "11615682" }, { "contents": "2005 Dominican general election\n\n\n. The United Workers' Party lost one seat, one independent candidate was elected, whilst the Dominica Freedom Party lost both its seats. It was the first election in 35 years where the Dominica Freedom Party—the governing party of Eugenia Charles from 1980 to 1995—did not win any seats. Prime Minister Skerrit announced that the day after the election would be a national holiday and called for Dominica to unite behind the government after the elections. Following the elections, the United Workers' Party made legal challenges to the results of five", "id": "9810672" }, { "contents": "Opposition to the war in Afghanistan (2001–2014)\n\n\nthan 100 al-Qaida fighters left in Afghanistan and that the Afghan Taliban, an indigenous Afghan group seeking to win back territory within their own country, do not themselves pose a direct security threat to the United States. He said: \"When the two are aligned, it's mainly on the tactical front.\" The comments were made a day after the Taliban asserted that it did not pose a direct threat to the United States. The Taliban stated that their aim was \"obtainment of independence and establishment of an Islamic", "id": "17456825" }, { "contents": "Scott Ritter\n\n\nopposing view on Portuguese radio station TSF: \"The United States is going to leave Iraq with its tail between its legs, defeated. It is a war we can not win ... We do not have the military means to take over Baghdad and for this reason I believe the defeat of the United States in this war is inevitable ... Every time we confront Iraqi troops we may win some tactical battles, as we did for ten years in Vietnam, but we will not be able to win this war, which in my", "id": "8191368" }, { "contents": "2006 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont\n\n\nThe United States House of Representatives election in Vermont, 2006 was held on November 7, 2006 for representation of Vermont's at-large congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 2007 to January 3, 2009. Incumbent Congressman Bernie Sanders, an independent member of Congress who caucused with the Democrats, did not seek a ninth term in the House, instead running successfuly for the United States Senate. To replace Congressman Sanders, Democrat Peter Welch defeated Republican Martha Rainville by a surprisingly narrow margin in staunchly", "id": "8990337" }, { "contents": "Mike Mazzei\n\n\nMike Mazzei is a former Republican United States politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma and was an Assistant Majority Floor Leader of the Oklahoma Senate. Mazzei was elected by an overwhelming majority in a five-person Republican primary in 2004. The Democratic Party did not field a candidate and no independent or third-party candidate filed for the general election; thus, the primary win resulted in his election to the Oklahoma Senate. Mazzei faced no opposition in his 2008 election bid. In his personal profession, Mike Mazzei, CFP,", "id": "7722224" }, { "contents": "Eilardus Westerlo\n\n\nEilardus Westerlo (October 30, 1738, Kantens, Netherlands – December 26, 1790, Albany, New York) was a Dutch Reformed minister who worked in the United States. He spent his career, from October 1760 until December 1790, as pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in Albany. During this period, the United States fought for its independence, and the Dutch Reformed Church in North America gained its independence from the mother church in the Netherlands. Westerlo was born to Isaac Westerlo (1708-1766), a", "id": "11254996" }, { "contents": "America's Backyard\n\n\nthe verge of restoration. The United States and Great Britain did not want Spain to gain any power back in Latin America because they wanted those colonies to become independent. Simon Bolivar was a leader in the fight for independence. With those colonies independent, they could trade in a mutually beneficial way with the United States and Great Britain and not be restricted by mercantilistic Spain which wanted to benefit its home economy at the expense of the South Americans. In light of all of this, President James Monroe proposed the Monroe Doctrine on", "id": "259879" }, { "contents": "History of Texas (1845–1860)\n\n\namong slave states and those that did not allow slavery. The tension was partially defused with the Compromise of 1850, in which Texas ceded some of its territory to the federal government to become non-slave-owning areas but gained El Paso The Republic of Texas had formed in 1836, after breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the", "id": "6858062" }, { "contents": "Territorial evolution of the British Empire\n\n\nthe United Kingdom, control over its colonial possessions passed to the latter state. Collectively, these territories are referred to as the British Empire. Upon much of Ireland gaining independence in 1922 as the Irish Free State, the other territories of the Empire remained under the control of the United Kingdom. From 1714 to 1837 the British throne was held by a series of kings who were also the rulers of the German state of Hanover. However, this was purely a personal union, with Hanover maintaining its political independence otherwise, and", "id": "67206" }, { "contents": "International Criminal Court\n\n\n, the ICC is legally independent from the United Nations. However, the Rome Statute grants certain powers to the United Nations Security Council, which limits its functional independence. Article 13 allows the Security Council to refer to the Court situations that would not otherwise fall under the Court's jurisdiction (as it did in relation to the situations in Darfur and Libya, which the Court could not otherwise have prosecuted as neither Sudan nor Libya are state parties). Article 16 allows the Security Council to require the Court to defer from investigating", "id": "14953079" }, { "contents": "African diaspora in the Americas\n\n\nThe African diaspora in the Americas refers to the people born in the Americas with predominantly African ancestry. Some are descendants and transferred from Africa to the Americas by Europeans, to work in their colonies, mostly in mines and plantations, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. At present, they constitute about 14% of the population of the Americas. After the United States achieved independence came the independence of Haiti, a country populated almost entirely by people of African descent and the second American colony to win its independence. After the", "id": "22143258" }, { "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election\n\n\none moving to LF and one going independent. A seat was earlier vacated due to the demise of PP's popular C. J. P. Paglar, who died from a stroke. To the chagrin of the British, who had anticipated a PP victory and its leader, Tan Chye Cheng, to emerge as Chief Minister, it was the Labour Front that garnered the most seats and its chairman, David Marshall, thus became Singapore's first Chief Minister. Although the Labour Front was the largest winning party, it did not have the", "id": "13323823" }, { "contents": "1968 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\n\n\nGovernor Spiro Agnew of Maryland. Humphrey carried Massachusetts in a landslide, taking 63.01 percent of the vote to Nixon’s 32.89 percent, a Democratic victory margin of 30.12 percent. This made it the second most Democratic state in the nation, after Rhode Island. The American Independent candidate, Southern populist Governor George Wallace of Alabama, did not have a serious impact on the race. While taking 13.53 percent nationally and winning electoral votes from five Deep South states, Wallace would take only 3.73 percent of the vote in Massachusetts. Wallace", "id": "17145371" }, { "contents": "Rafael Reyes\n\n\nand troops from the United States of America, had declared their independence. This action was supported by President Theodore Roosevelt, who had expressed interest in building an interoceanic canal in this strategic region. There had been a treaty between Colombia and United States of America, the Hay–Herrán Treaty, signed on January 12, 1903, by which the United States would finance, direct and supervise the construction of the canal. In the 1904 presidential race, which did not have any Liberal candidates, Reyes ran against another conservator;", "id": "13992298" }, { "contents": "Leopoldo Figueroa\n\n\nDiego and Eugenio María de Hostos expected the United States to grant the island its independence. However, this did not concur with the Monroe Doctrine, or the geopolitical interests of the United States. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 ratified on December 10, 1898, Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States. Spain had lost its last colony in the western hemisphere, and the United States gained imperial strength and global presence. When he was 14 years old, he began participating in the political activities of", "id": "18577556" }, { "contents": "1996 United States elections\n\n\nThe 1996 United States elections were held on November 5. Democratic President Bill Clinton won re-election, while the Republicans maintained their majorities in both houses of the United States Congress. Clinton defeated Republican nominee Bob Dole and independent candidate Ross Perot in the presidential election, taking 379 of the 538 electoral votes. Due in part to Perot's fairly strong third party performance, Clinton did not win a majority of the popular vote, but his popular margin of 8.5 percentage points remains largest popular vote margin won by either party since", "id": "20038725" }, { "contents": "1990 United States Senate elections\n\n\nwho did not seek re-election. Incumbent Democrat Paul Simon sought re-election to the United States Senate. Simon was opposed by Republican nominee Lynn Morley Martin, a United States Congresswoman from Illinois's 16th congressional district, whom he easily defeated to win a second and final term in the Senate. Incumbent Republican Dan Coats, who was recently appointed to this seat two years prior, won election to serve out the remainder of the term, beating Democratic State Representative Baron Hill. During the 1988 presidential election, Republican nominee", "id": "6836880" }, { "contents": "2000 United States presidential election in California\n\n\nindependent and moderate base surrounding San Diego and Sacramento's suburbs. This was the first time since 1880 in which a winning Republican presidential candidate lost California. , Bush is the last Republican candidate to carry Alpine and Mono counties in a presidential election. This was also the first time since 1976 that California did not back the candidate who won the overall presidential election as well. Vice President Al Gore easily defeated Texas Governor George W. Bush in California. Bush campaigned several times in California, but it didn't seem to help as", "id": "18406163" }, { "contents": "Vytautas Landsbergis\n\n\ncritical of certain Western powers (such as the United States and United Kingdom) for not showing enough support in Lithuania's bid to restore its independence after more than 40 years of Soviet occupation, although he did accept the recommendation from his government that the newly independent Lithuania immediately seek to establish full diplomatic relations with the UK and US. In 1993, Landsbergis led much of Sąjūdis into a new political party, the Homeland Union (\"Tėvynes Sąjunga\"). It gained a landslide victory in the 1996 parliamentary elections. Landsbergis", "id": "9849522" }, { "contents": "2008 Canadian federal election\n\n\n10.5% of the vote. The NDP retained its seats held at the dissolution of Parliament, and won 11 more, making its total 29 seats (30 at dissolution), with 17.5% of the vote. The Green Party received 4.5% of the vote, a minimal increase from the previous election, but did not win any seats (1 at dissolution). Independents and other parties constituted 1% of the total vote with one independent winning a seat. Since the 2006 election, seven Members of Parliament (MPs", "id": "965492" }, { "contents": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\n\n\nterritories demanding independence. The India region split into India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma. By the late 1950s, almost all the colonies were independent. Most colonial territories joined the Commonwealth of Nations, an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. Britain reduced its involvements in the Middle East, with the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956 marking the end of its status as a superpower. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and traditional foes such as Germany, in", "id": "9081811" }, { "contents": "Curtis Guild Jr.\n\n\none of Guild's choices for commissioner of the state's board of labor statistics, for his pro-labor stance. After his tenure as governor ended, Guild received support for the 1908 Republican nomination for Vice President, but did not win the nomination. In 1910 President William Howard Taft appointed Guild as a special ambassador to the Mexican independence centennial. Taft then appointed him to be the United States Ambassador to Russia, a position he held from 1911 until 1913. He was thrust into a touchy diplomatic situation on his arrival", "id": "8091756" }, { "contents": "P. K. van der Byl\n\n\nIn September 1965, it was announced that he would tour the United Kingdom to promote Rhodesian independence. According to David Steel, he claimed then that France and the United States would lead the international recognition of the UDI government. He was appointed Deputy Minister of Information on 22 October and so was present at, but did not sign, the Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965. Van der Byl was greeted by a speech strongly critical of the Rhodesian government from the Archbishop of Canterbury, Michael Ramsey, who supported the", "id": "4652668" }, { "contents": "Yates v. United States\n\n\n, but limited its application to such a degree that it became nearly unenforceable. The \"Yates\" decision outraged some conservative members of Congress, who introduced legislation to limit judicial review of certain sentences related to sedition and treason, which did not pass. The appellants' convictions were reversed and the case was remanded to District Court for a retrial. The decision was announced on the same day as several other decisions in which communists were on the winning side, including \"Watkins v. United States\" and \"Sweezy v. New Hampshire", "id": "18206372" }, { "contents": "Western Massachusetts\n\n\nthe Springfield Armory would bring concentrated prosperity and innovation to Springfield and its surrounding towns. Nait After the American Revolution, a rebellion led by Daniel Shays, a Revolutionary War veteran from East Pelham, culminated in a battle at the National Armory in Springfield. Shays and his followers, the Shaysites, hoped to win government reforms, including the issue of new currency and help for Continental soldiers who had incurred debts while fighting for independence. Shays' Rebellion is often considered the watershed event in the creation of the United States Constitution.", "id": "1874832" }, { "contents": "State of Scott\n\n\nThe State of Scott was a Southern Unionist movement in Scott County, Tennessee, in which the county declared itself a \"Free and Independent State\" following Tennessee's decision to secede from the United States and align the state with the Confederacy on the eve of the American Civil War in 1861. Like much of East Tennessee, Scott became an enclave community of the Union during the war. Although its edict had never been officially recognized, the county did not officially rescind its act of secession until 1986. Tennessee was the last", "id": "13687758" }, { "contents": "Independent Party of Utah\n\n\nThe Independent Party of Utah was founded in 1988 by Merrill Cook. It joined the Patriot Party, a predecessor of the Reform Party, but did not join the Reform Party like other Patriot Party affiliates. Cook was the party's candidate for Governor of Utah in 1988 and 1992, winning 136,651 votes in his first race. In 1996, the party ran a ticket for President of the United States consisting of Alma Peter Crane (February 17, 1924 — May 4, 2002) of Murray, Utah and Connie Chandler of", "id": "19392479" }, { "contents": "Malaysian Chinese\n\n\norder to preserve their language rights as the national education policy was seen as exclusionary and discriminatory for non-Malays, summed up in the aphorism \"non-Malays belong to Malaysia but Malaysia only belongs to the Malays\". Although other remaining Chinese independent schools were also included in the national school system in 1996, these independent schools still did not receive any financial assistance from the federal government and its United Examinations Certificate (UEC) is not recognised by the government, making students who finishing their studies from the local Chinese independent", "id": "12551595" }, { "contents": "American entry into World War I\n\n\n. They did not prevent him from being hostile to Germany, but they did force him to keep his distance from Britain. Indeed, Irish-American pressure influenced the United States into not accepting Britain's war aims as its own and define its own objectives, primarily self-determination. The Irish-American community thought they had Wilson's promise to promote Irish independence in exchange for their support of his war policies, but after the war they were bitterly disappointed by his refusal to support them in 1919. Wilson saw the", "id": "7743414" }, { "contents": "Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle\n\n\nin Washington, London, or Moscow nor in Beijing, New Delhi, Tokyo, Bonn and Rome. West Germany remained much more closely aligned with the United States in major world affairs, especially regarding NATO. When Soviet control of Eastern Europe collapsed in 1989, the United States led the effort to reunite Germany, despite serious French doubts. Secondly, France did establish its independence of the Anglo-Saxon powers – especially the United States, and also Great Britain. De Gaulle's anti-American rhetoric did indeed rub Americans", "id": "12048771" }, { "contents": "Eureka Rebellion\n\n\nthe public record has come about because Australian history does not include a major armed rebellion phase equivalent to the French Revolution, the English Civil War, or the American War of Independence, making the Eureka story inflated well beyond its real significance. Others, however, maintain that Eureka was a seminal event and that it marked a major change in the course of Australian history. In 1980, historian Geoffrey Blainey drew attention to the fact that many miners were temporary migrants from Britain and the United States, who did not intend to", "id": "9747707" } ]

[ { "contents": "Colombia's Next Top Model\n\n\nColombia's Next Top Model is a Colombian reality television series, based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". It is the third franchise in Latin America after \"Brazil's Next Top Model\" and \"Mexico's Next Top Model\". The series began to air on Caracol TV on January 8, 2013. The series features a group of young women who compete for the title of \"Colombia's Next Top Model\" and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry. The second season", "id": "20263634" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model\n\n\ncycles. Elliot served as both judge and creative director in cycle 23 and 24. Los Angeles has been the primary filming location of most of the seasons. The first three seasons of \"America's Next Top Model\" were filmed in New York City, along with seasons 10, 12, 14 and 23. \"America's Next Top Model\" was also connected with Banks' talk show, on which several contestants have appeared, most notably Natasha Galkina (cycle 8), who worked as a correspondent for the show.", "id": "14133" }, { "contents": "New Zealand's Next Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nNew Zealand's Next Top Model, Season 1 is the original season of \"New Zealand's Next Top Model\" which is a reality TV show based on \"America's Next Top Model\". Thirteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry. The catchphrase for this season is \"Our Turn To Turn Heads\". The prize for this season was a contract with 62 Model Management, a 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics, an 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine, an all", "id": "5181633" }, { "contents": "New Zealand's Next Top Model (season 3)\n\n\nNew Zealand's Next Top Model, Season 3 is the third and final season of \"New Zealand's Next Top Model\" which is a reality TV show based on \"America's Next Top Model\". Fourteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry. The prize for this season was a contract with 62 Model Management, a Ford Fiesta, a 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics, a cover and 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine, there would also be an all expenses paid", "id": "14573974" }, { "contents": "New Zealand's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\nNew Zealand's Next Top Model, Season 2 is the second season of \"New Zealand's Next Top Model\", a reality TV show based on \"America's Next Top Model\". Auditions started on 5 June 2010 in Auckland and ended on 13 June 2010 in Tauranga. Fourteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry. The prize for this season are a contract with 62 Model Management, 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics, an 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine, an", "id": "3461880" }, { "contents": "Germany's Next Topmodel (season 3)\n\n\nand being surpassed by the other girls. This week's photo shoot was inspired by the shoot for 1-800-Flowers on the episode \"The Girl Who Suddenly Collapsed\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 4. \"Original airdate:\" 3 April 2008 This week's photo shoot was inspired by the beach shoot on the episode \"The Girl Who Blames The Taxi Driver\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 8. \"Original airdate:\" 10 April 2008 This week's photo shoot", "id": "7891559" }, { "contents": "Germany's Next Topmodel (season 3)\n\n\nwas inspired by the gender swap shoot on the episode \"The Girl Who Takes Credit\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 8. \"Original airdate:\" 17 April 2008 This week's photo shoot was inspired by the nude shoot on the episode \"The Girl Who Marks Her Territory\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 7. \"Original airdate:\" 24 April 2008 This episode marks the first time that host Heidi Klum is not part of the judges panel. \"Original airdate", "id": "7891560" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 18)\n\n\nThe eighteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: British Invasion) premiered on February 29, 2012 and was the twelfth season to air on The CW. It occupied the time slot of the final two scheduled episodes of \"Remodeled\". This was the first American edition of \"Top Model\" to be filmed and broadcast in high definition (HD). The cycle featured fourteen contestants, placing seven British models who had competed in previous cycles of \"Britain's Next Top Model", "id": "1794539" }, { "contents": "Lisa Jackson (model)\n\n\nLisa Cassandra Jackson (born May 28, 1987) is an American model who is best known for her participation on \"America's Next Top Model, Cycle 9\" in 2007. She went on to appear on season 11 of Project Runway in 2013, and was the model for the winning designer. In 2007, Jackson participated on \"America's Next Top Model, Cycle 9.\" She was declared the best performer of the week twice, won two reward challenges and was twice voted CoverGirl of the Week. Jackson", "id": "20942312" }, { "contents": "Vietnam's Next Top Model (season 4)\n\n\nVietnam's Next Top Model, Cycle 4 is the fourth season of \"Vietnam's Next Top Model\". It was broadcast on VTV in 2013, featuring 18 finalists including 8 male and 10 female contestants. This is the first year the show includes male contestants in addition to female contestants in previous years. The change was made after the 20th season of America's Next Top Model, which opened to male models. When its audition round kicked off in August, the show attracted 1,200 participants, the highest number of applicants", "id": "10434531" }, { "contents": "Brazil's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\ninspired by the gender swap shoot on the episode The Girl Who Takes Credit from America's Next Top Model, Season 8. Mariana Richardt from Season 1 makes an appearance as one of the models. Priscila, Élly and Maíra are praised during their photo shoots. Malana was said to be too masculine, even though they were supposed to look feminine. Marianna was criticized for looking like a girl, and focusing too much on looking pretty, while Dayse couldn't make a connection with her partner. At panel, Malana redeems", "id": "13724548" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 5)\n\n\nmodelling as she came out with great skills as a model on America's Next Top Model. \"First aired November 30, 2005 The final four girls went on go-sees throughout London. They had to dress mod, Bollywood, preppy, and punk. Nik won the challenge and chose Nicole to share in the prize. Nicole then picked Jayla. Nik won 100 frames, Nicole won 80 frames, Jayla won 60 frames, and Bre only had 50 frames and had shoot first and could not see herself before the", "id": "12060422" }, { "contents": "China's Next Top Model (season 5)\n\n\nChina's Next Top Model Cycle 5 is the fifth cycle of the Chinese reality TV series, based on the international version and spin-off to the original, \"America's Next Top Model\". It began to air on 21 May 2015 at 9:20 pm (UTC+8). This was the first season of the show to feature male contestants. The cycle featured 16 contestants competing for several prizes, including a modeling contract with \"Paras Talent Management\" and an editorial in \"Vogue China\" & \"GQ China\"", "id": "8791457" }, { "contents": "Grendel Alvarado\n\n\nGrendel Alvarado is a Filipina fashion model from Bacolod who won the first cycle of \"Philippines' Next Top Model\", a Philippine version of Tyra Banks' model search program, \"America's Next Top Model\". In 2012, she became a contestant in Miss Asia Pacific World 2012, where she placed up to Top 15. Alvarado was born in Bacolod City in 1984. Alvarado appeared in \"Philippines' Next Top Model\", who won over Rina Lorilla. Her prizes was a Php 150,000 contract, a modeling", "id": "9825556" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model\n\n\nAmerica's Next Top Model (abbreviated ANTM and Top Model) is an American reality television series and interactive competition in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of \"America's Next Top Model\" and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry. Created by Tyra Banks, who also serves as an executive producer, and developed by Ken Mok and Kenya Barris, the series premiered in May 2003, and was aired semiannually until 2012, then annually from 2013. The first six seasons (referred to", "id": "14118" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 14)\n\n\nshowed up another powerful photo, but Alexandra's photo was deemed as one of the best in the History of America's Next Top Model and it won her the second best photo. Raina's photo was deemed as \"told you thousands of tale\" by Nigel, while Angelea's photo was criticized for showing the dress rather than herself. Ultimately Alasia and Jessica were called forward as the bottom two with Jessica for producing a poor photograph and Alasia for her lack of focus, but in the end it was Alasia who was", "id": "12315508" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nThe eighth cycle of America's Next Top Model aired from February 28, 2007 to May 16, 2007, and was the second season of the series to be aired on The CW network. The international destination during this cycle was Sydney, Australia. The winner, similar to all of the cycles aired on The CW network, received representation by Elite Model Management, a cover & six-page spread within \"Seventeen\" magazine, and a US$100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The cycle's promotional tagline was \"Welcome", "id": "10324935" }, { "contents": "Peru's Next Top Model\n\n\nPeru's Next Top Model is a Peruvian reality television series, based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". It is the fourth franchise in Latin America after \"Brazil's Next Top Model\", \"Mexico's Next Top Model\", and \"Colombia's Next Top Model\". The first season of the series began to air on ATV on September 7, 2013. Peru's Next Top Model, Season 1, was the first and only installment, hosted by Peruvian model Valeria De Santis.", "id": "17545077" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\n, 2007\" The 33 contestants were sent to Los Angeles, and were immediately thrown into model boot camp. They met Jay Manuel and J. Alexander who tested them with a quick photo shoot and a quiz on fashion-related knowledge. Sarah won the posing challenge as impressed with the Jays. Later that day, they met Tyra. After the boot camp, the semi-finalists went into a room with Tyra, Jay and Miss J, to tell them about themselves. Returning applicant Jaslene (did not make it to", "id": "10324937" }, { "contents": "Jez Smith\n\n\n. Smith has appeared as a judge on Cycle 3 and Cycle 6 of \"Australia's Next Top Model\". He also was featured as a guest photographer and judge on Cycle 5 where he shot 'natural beauty' photographs for the final three contestants; Tahnee Atkinson, Cassi Van Den Dungen and Clare Venema. In Episode 12, Smith was a guest judge on season 18 of America's Next Top Model. Also Smith was a guest photographer and judge on season 3 of Asia's Next Top Model in Episodes 8 and", "id": "17097903" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nAmerica's Next Top Model, cycle 1 was the first cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\". It originally aired on UPN from May to July 2003, and was hosted by Tyra Banks, who additionally served as its executive producer and presenter. The judging panel consisted of Banks, Janice Dickinson, Kimora Lee Simmons, and Beau Quillian. The cycle's catchphrase was \"One girl has what it takes\". This was the only season to feature a cast of only 10 finalists. All later cycles have featured", "id": "12060346" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 20)\n\n\n, Alex was allowed to return to the competition at the end of episode 9. Immediately after her comeback, it was revealed that one additional male contestant would also be given the opportunity to return. In episode 11, the episode following the season recap, it was revealed that Jeremy was the male model who would be returning to the competition. Note: Bianca and Chris S. did not participate in the Comeback Series. The season premiere of \"America's Next Top Model\" received record breaking ratings for Top Model as well", "id": "17805957" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nto the test. Their challenge, judged by two fashion mavens, was to assemble their own clothing line and be their own mannequins. At the end, when they were called to pose, Whitney, ignoring Natasha’s reminder, sat on the floor, outside the designated posing platform, and disqualified herself and her group. They were then told that their group would have won, and Whitney individually, but due to the circumstances, they selected Sarah as the next best and she won her first reward – double the frames", "id": "10324950" }, { "contents": "Canada's Next Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nCycle one of Canada's Next Top Model, the Canadian adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on Citytv from May to July 2006. The show was hosted by Canadian model and actress Tricia Helfer, who also served the role of head judge with a judging panel composed of columnist and designer Jeanne Beker, former model Stacey McKenzie, and make-up artist Paul Venoit. The creative director of \"America's Next Top Model\", Jay Manuel also made guest appearances in the cycle,", "id": "18584991" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 17)\n\n\nThe seventeenth cycle of America's Next Top Model (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: All Stars and stylized as America's Next Top Model ALL ★ STARS) premiered on September 14, 2011 on The CW. It featured fourteen returning models from previous seasons. The judging panel, unchanged since cycle 14, once again consisted of Tyra Banks, Nigel Barker and André Leon Talley. The first judging was conducted in front of a live audience. The international destination for this cycle was the Greek island of Crete. The", "id": "12048295" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 6)\n\n\nThe sixth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on March 8, 2006, which would be the last cycle to air on UPN before merging with The WB to create The CW. The catch-phrase for this cycle was \"Fairy Tales Come True.\" This cycle was filmed from October through December 2005. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destination during this cycle was Bangkok & Phuket, Thailand. The winner was 20-year-old Danielle Evans from Little Rock, Arkansas. \"First aired March 8", "id": "12060427" }, { "contents": "Top Model\n\n\n. Votes are usually submitted via SMS or on any other given website. In season 17 of \"America's Next Top Model\" the first panel was presented in front of a live crowd, but this wasn't broadcast until the season premiere some months later. Season 17 of \"America's Next Top Model\" featured returning models from previous seasons with an All-Stars competition. In season 18 of the same version, seven British models from \"Britain's Next Top Model\" competed along with new American contestants. The", "id": "21371150" }, { "contents": "Australia's Next Top Model\n\n\nStarting from season 3, contestants must be aged between 16 and 23 at the time of filming. Those auditioning have to be at least 172 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall. In the past, some contestants have weighed less than 60 kg, but there is no restriction on weight. \"Australia's Next Top Model\" shares the format of its American counterpart, but there are a few differences. On \"America's Next Top Model\" the final two models compete in a runway fashion show and the winner", "id": "11504401" }, { "contents": "Plus-size model\n\n\nNext Top Model\" has featured several contestants, including Louise Watts, who was Season 3's runner up and competed in America's Next Top Model Cycle 18. In 2016, Scandinavia's Next Top Model was rebooted as Top Model Curves, and all contestants featured were plus-size models from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Swede Ronja Manfredsson was declared the winner during the finale episode in Lisbon. The plus size industry in Asia is not as developed as in North America or Europe, but a number of Asian plus", "id": "19405246" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 15)\n\n\nThe fifteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on September 8, 2010 and was the ninth season to be aired on The CW network. Several changes were made to the show in a bid to place greater emphasis on high fashion, including a lineup of prominent fashion industry guest judges as well as a change in prizes. All three permanent judges from the previous cycle, \"Vogue\" editor-at-large André Leon Talley, photographer Nigel Barker and Tyra Banks, remained in place. The prizes for this cycle", "id": "10891768" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nback at the modeling agency late, and they were disqualified. Natasha accepted it gracefully while Brittany had a tantrum, throwing her portfolio on the ground, yelling at Natasha to \"shut up,\" and blaming the taxi driver for not meeting her at the designated area. Everyone inside the agency, including challenge administrator Priscilla Leighton Clark, heard Brittany expressing her displeasure with her disqualification. Jaslene impressed the clients the most and won the challenge. She chose Dionne to accompany her to share a photo shoot on top of the famous", "id": "10324963" }, { "contents": "Germany's Next Topmodel (season 3)\n\n\n:\" 1 May 2008 Sarah refers to a \"Bild\" article published on 11 April 2008 – 33 days before the broadcast. This week's reward photo shoot was shot on top of the Sydney Harbour Bridge as in \"The Girl Who Blames The Taxi Driver\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 8. \"Original airdate:\" 8 May 2008 This week the contestants are put to the test when they have to maneuver their way through a laser maze. Carolin wins the challenge, and her reward", "id": "7891561" }, { "contents": "Mongolia's Next Top Model\n\n\nMongolia's Next Top Model (abbreviated as \"MNTM\") is a Mongolian reality television series, based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", which features a group of young women who compete for the title of Mongolia's Next Top Model and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry. The series began to air on EduTV on January 15, 2017. Each season of \"Mongolia's Next Top Model\" has about 16-17 regular episodes, with a special recap episode which airs", "id": "9411272" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 20)\n\n\ncalled LeGore's Next Top Model (2011), inspired her to start including male contestants. The international destination for this cycle was Bali, Indonesia. The prizes for this cycle included a modeling contract with NEXT Model Management, a spread in \"Nylon\" magazine, and a US$100,000 campaign with \"Guess\". The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend, Oregon. \"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\" \"Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (8/7c)\"", "id": "17805954" }, { "contents": "Slovenski Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nSlovenski Top Model, Season 1 was the first season of a reality documentary based on Tyra Banks \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Slovenia against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win title of the next \"Slovene Top Model\" and a lucrative modelling contract with Alen Kobilica Models agency, a spread in the Slovenian issue of \"Elle\", car Seat Ibiza, the winner will also become face of Maybeline New York for Slovenia, she will receive mobile package Orto Muziq for 2", "id": "12560109" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 19)\n\n\nThe nineteenth cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: College Edition), consisted of thirteen episodes and was broadcast on The CW. It aired from August 24, 2012, until November 16, 2012, and was promoted by the catchphrase \"Only One Can Be Top of the Class\". The program saw thirteen women, all of whom were enrolled in higher education, compete for the title of \"America's Next Top Model\", providing them with an opportunity to", "id": "1295369" }, { "contents": "Hellcats\n\n\nAshley Tisdale, Robbie Jones, Heather Hemmens, Matt Barr, Gail O'Grady, and Sharon Leal. In May 2010, \"Hellcats\" had been picked by The CW for the fall 2010–11 season. Initially with a 13-episode order, The CW aired the series after \"America's Next Top Model\" on Wednesday nights. The pilot episode aired on September 8, 2010, and became the first premiere to ever match or build on an \"America's Next Top Model\" lead-in since The CW began in 2006.", "id": "202773" }, { "contents": "Top Model. Zostań modelką (season 2)\n\n\nTop Model. Zostań modelką, Cycle 2 (Polish for \"Top Model. Become a Model\") is the second Cycle of an ongoing reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\" and a lucrative modeling contract with NEXT Model Management as well as an appearance on the cover of the Polish issue of \"Glamour\" and a nationwide \"Max Factor", "id": "16841293" }, { "contents": "Top Model. Zostań modelką (season 3)\n\n\nTop Model. Zostań modelką, Cycle 3 (Polish for \"Top Model. Become a Model\") is the third Cycle of an ongoing reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\" and a lucrative modeling contract with NEXT Model Management as well as an appearance on the cover of the Polish issue of \"Glamour\" and a nationwide \"Max Factor", "id": "20492923" }, { "contents": "Top Model. Zostań modelką (season 1)\n\n\nTop Model. Zostań modelką, Cycle 1 (Polish for \"Top Model. Become a Model\") was the first cycle of an ongoing reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that places contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\" and a lucrative modeling contract with NEXT Model Management as well as an appearance on the cover of the Polish issue of \"Glamour\" and a nationwide \"Max Factor", "id": "8936728" }, { "contents": "Austria's Next Topmodel (season 1)\n\n\nAustria's Next Topmodel, season 1 was the first season of the Austrian reality documentary based on Tyra Banks \"America's Next Top Model\".br The host of the show was Lena Gercke, the first winner of \"GNTM\" who is also the first winner of a Top Model franchise that later becomes a host of another Top Model show. The jury consisted of the head of Vienna-based agency \"Wiener Models\" Andrea Weidler and Dutch-born runway coach Alamande Belfor. The show caused some controversy, as it was discovered", "id": "11513410" }, { "contents": "Next Top Model (Romanian TV series)\n\n\nNext Top Model is a Romanian reality television show based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". It pits aspiring models against each other in a variety of tests in order to determine who will win title of Romania's \"Next Top Model\" along with a lucrative 4 year-long modelling contract with MRA Models worth 50,000 Euros. The first three season of the competition were hosted by Romanian fashion designer Cătălin Botezatu, making him the fifth male host of the \"Top Model\" franchise after Fyodor Bondarchuk,", "id": "1317164" }, { "contents": "Top Model (Polish season 5)\n\n\nTop Model, Cycle 5 is the fifth cycle of an ongoing reality show based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\". Joanna Krupa, who also serves as the lead judge, returned to host the fifth cycle. Other judges included fashion designer Dawid Woliński, fashion show director Kasia Sokołowska and photographer Marcin Tyszka. This is the second season of the show to", "id": "1532610" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 9)\n\n\nan exotic dancer. They docked at St. John’s, Antigua for a beach photo shoot, where they met Cycle 8 winner Jaslene Gonzalez. After the shoot, the final 20 were selected. Tyra asked the final 20 why they should become America's Next Top Model, before the final deliberations with Mr. and Ms. Jay were done and the final 13 contestants were chosen. Marvita Washington failed to make the final cut, but later successfully became a contestant on the next cycle. \"First aired September 26, 2007\" The", "id": "2774999" }, { "contents": "Jaslene Gonzalez\n\n\nJaslene González (born May 29, 1986) is a Puerto Rican model, television host, and winner of Cycle 8 of \"America's Next Top Model\". Gonzalez was born in Puerto Rico and grew up in Humboldt Park, Chicago. She attended Notre Dame High School for Girls on the Northwest Side of Chicago. She was an online college admissions advisor prior to America's Next Top Model. Gonzalez had done some modeling prior to \"America's Next Top Model\", having been represented by \"Avant Garde Models", "id": "19903722" }, { "contents": "Top Model (Polish season 6)\n\n\nTop Model, cycle 6 is the sixth cycle of an ongoing reality television series based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\". Joanna Krupa, who also serves as the lead judge, returned to host the sixth cycle. Other judges included fashion designer Dawid Woliński, fashion show director Kasia Sokołowska and photographer Marcin Tyszka. This is the third season of the show", "id": "14824314" }, { "contents": "Top Model (Polish season 7)\n\n\nTop Model, cycle 7 is the seventh cycle of an ongoing reality television series based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\". Joanna Krupa, who also serves as the lead judge, returned to host the seventh cycle. Other judges included fashion designer Dawid Woliński, fashion show director Kasia Sokołowska and photographer Marcin Tyszka. This is the fourth season of the show", "id": "8368868" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 22)\n\n\nThe twenty-second cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls) premiered on August 5, 2015 and is the sixteenth and final season to air on The CW. The network announced in mid-October that they were cancelling the show and the finale episode aired on December 4, 2015. Like the two previous seasons, cycle 22 featured both male and female contestants. However, for the first time since cycle 13, the height restriction was removed and", "id": "1308558" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\n. In the end, despite having a stronger portfolio, Felicia was sent home because she was getting weaker and weaker as the weeks went on, proving that one bad photo, will send you home. \"First aired March 28, 2007\" This week, the girls learned all about fashion appeal. They met up with Elite Model Management director Cathy Gould, who taught them what not to wear and what outfits were considered “top model” standard. After this, the girls were split into groups of three and put", "id": "10324949" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 14)\n\n\nletters from home to cheer them up. The next day, they arrived at Roosevelt Island, where they were tasked to create chemistry between themselves and a male model, who turned out to be Nigel. Later, they met comedian Ross Matthews and their challenge required them to model with him and produce a good shot with only five frames. Jessica won and received a pair of $6500 Jude Frances diamond earrings, while Alasia (who had the best photo the previous week) received a $5000 ring. The photo shoot", "id": "12315495" }, { "contents": "Caribbean's Next Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nthe first challenge, the girls put their fashion knowledge to the test with surprise guest and America's Next Top Model season 9 and season 17 alum, Bianca Golden, along with guest judge and style guru, Freddie Leiba. Clad in school uniforms and sitting at desks, class was in full session as the model hopefuls competed to be the smartest fashion student. Although Susan won the challenge, her sense of victory was short-lived after Treveen voiced harsh comments about Susan's performance during the competition. Despite being visibly upset", "id": "10338540" }, { "contents": "Nyle DiMarco\n\n\nNyle DiMarco (born May 8, 1989) is an American model, actor, and Deaf activist. In 2015, DiMarco was the second male winner and the first deaf winner of The CW's \"America's Next Top Model Cycle 22\". The following year, he won season 22 of the ABC televised dance competition \"Dancing with the Stars\", with professional dance partner Peta Murgatroyd. DiMarco was born Nyle Thompson, explaining in 2016 that at some unspecified point, \"We changed our last name from Thompson to", "id": "15302660" }, { "contents": "Top Model (Polish season 4)\n\n\nTop Model, Cycle 4 is the fourth cycle of an ongoing reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" that pits contestants from Poland against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next \"Polish Top Model\". Among the prizes are a lucrative modeling contract with NEXT Model Management as well as an appearance on the cover of the Polish issue of \"Glamour\" and 100,000 złotys (US$30,000). The campaign with Max Factor featured in previous cycles", "id": "18122663" }, { "contents": "Srpski Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nSrpski Top Model Season 1 (Serbian Top Model) is the first Season of the reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". It started on March 16, 2011 and featured 15 contestants who were fighting for the title of the new Serbian \"Top Model\" as well as a modelling contract with a Serbian agency and the cover of \"Grazia\" in hopes of a promising career start in the modeling industry. Together with the panel of judges which includes photographer Miša Obradović and fashion expert Nenad", "id": "4951740" }, { "contents": "Vietnam's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\nVietnam's Next Top Model, Cycle 2 is the second season of \"Vietnam's Next Top Model\" to be produced again by Vietnam Television and Multimedia JSC. The show is set to air on VTV3, at every Sunday primetime (8:00 pm UTC+7) from September 25, 2011 to January 8, 2012. There are 14 episodes. For the first time in VNTM, the creator of \"Top Model\" franchise, Tyra Banks appeared as a special guest judge in the final show on January 8, 2012. The", "id": "6166581" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 21)\n\n\nThe 21st cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls) premiered on August 18, 2014 and it is the 15th season to air on The CW. It was the second season to feature male and female contestants. Tyra Banks and Kelly Cutrone retained their positions on the judging panel. Runway coach J. Alexander returned to the judging panel, replacing former judge Rob Evans while Johnny Wujek, creative director since Cycle 19, was succeeded by photographer Yu Tsai. In", "id": "7154527" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nRichie was gossiping and told Jael that Renee hated her, leading to a fight between Jael and Renee. The week’s photo shoot required the girls to direct their own hair and makeup, and to showcase four sides of their personalities as follows: After the shoot, Dionne, having impressed Benny the most at the party, won the reward of a spread for Keds in Seventeen magazine, and chose Jaslene and Whitney to go with her. The next day, Tyra visited the girls for a chat, where Renee was criticized", "id": "10324955" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\nThe second cycle of America's Next Top Model, premiered on January 13, 2004, and was hosted by model Tyra Banks. The show aimed to find the next top fashion model. The cycle's catch-phrase was, \"They are all gorgeous, but only one has what it takes\". The prizes for this cycle were a contract with IMG Models, a fashion spread and a cover in \"Jane\" magazine, and a cosmetics campaign with Sephora. This was the only season to feature a cast of", "id": "12060353" }, { "contents": "Korea's Next Top Model (season 3)\n\n\nwall while practising and complained of back pain constantly, which annoyed some of the girls. Then, all the girls were paired for the challenge, which was to perform the stunts taught in synchronization with their partners. Cho-won and Jin-kyung were declared the winners and won the right to assign house chores to the other contestants. The next morning, the girls were welcomed by their creative director and played a video message from Americas Next Top Model's creative director, Jay Manuel. Mr. Jay was then revealed to", "id": "13216591" }, { "contents": "The Model Scouts\n\n\n, won a contract with the Independent Models agency and a cover of \"Image\" magazine. Supermodel Erin O'Connor, who was also discovered by Ellis at the beginning of her career, advised the girls. Ellis said that, in contrast to \"America's Next Top Model\", her aim was to give an insight in finding new model talent with serious ambitions without \"\"all the drama\"\". For its second season in 2010, the show was renamed \"The Model Scouts\". Jeni Rose and David Cunningham", "id": "20762885" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 20)\n\n\nThe twentieth cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls and stylized as ANTM 2.0) premiered on August 2, 2013. It was the 14th season to air on The CW. Tyra Banks, Kelly Cutrone, Bryanboy, and Rob Evans all returned as judges. As in the previous cycle, public voting was still a factor in eliminations. This was the first cycle of the show to feature male contestants. Tyra indicated in an interview that a school version", "id": "17805953" }, { "contents": "Canada's Next Top Model (season 3)\n\n\nCycle 3 of Canada's Next Top Model, the Canadian adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on CTV from May to July 2009. Jay Manuel returned for his second season as the show's host. The panel was composed of Jeanne Beker, Yasmin Warsame, and photographer Mike Ruiz, who was the only new addition. Nolé Marin returned as creative director for the show. Encore presentations of the show aired on A-Channel, Star! and FashionTelevisionChannel. The prize package for this", "id": "19223172" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 4)\n\n\nThe fourth season of America's Next Top Model aired in spring 2005, with the shooting location being moved from New York City to Los Angeles. The catch-phrase of the season was \"Dive In.\" These were the last appearances of Janice Dickinson and Nolé Marin who participated as judges. The Beauty Tip of the Week has now been replaced by the My Life as a CoverGirl segment. The house that the girls stayed in the first half of the competition was later used in The CW TV series (successor to", "id": "12060370" }, { "contents": "Canada's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\nCycle 2 of Canada's Next Top Model, the Canadian adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on Citytv from May to July 2007. The show was hosted by Jay Manuel, replacing former host Tricia Helfer, who left the series to pursue her acting career. Jeanne Beker was the only returning judge from last season, with the new judges being photographer Paul Alexander, and model Yasmin Warsame. This was the last cycle aired on Citytv before it moved to CTV. Encore presentations aired on", "id": "18585047" }, { "contents": "Austria's Next Topmodel (season 5)\n\n\nAustria's Next Topmodel, season 5 was the fifth season of the Austrian reality documentary based on Tyra Banks \"America's Next Top Model\". Having the entire panel of judges replaced, Austrian-born international fashion model Melanie Scheriau became the new host and was joined by runway-model and former Lagerfeld-muse Carmen Kreuzer, who was also the casting director for the season, and Rolf Scheider, who was already a judge during the third and fourth season of Germany's Next Topmodel. The show kicked off on January", "id": "19480046" }, { "contents": "Hrvatski Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nHrvatski Top Model Season 1 was the first Season of a reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\" which pits contestants against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win title of the new Croatian \"Top Model\" as well as a modelling contract with an agency in hopes of a promising career start in the modeling industry. The season was aired from April to June 2008 and hosted by Tatjana Jurić and featured sixteen contestants (originally fifteen with one being replaced by a semifinalist after", "id": "15276586" }, { "contents": "Top Model Sverige\n\n\nTop Model Sverige () was a Swedish reality television show based on \"America's Next Top Model\". It was broadcast on TV3 in Sweden. The first season, \"Top Model Stockholm\" (appreviated as \"Sthlm\"), aired in 2007 and was hosted by Vendela Kirsebom. The show returned to TV3 in 2012 with Izabella Scorupco as host. However, she also lasted for one season only and was replaced by Caroline Winberg who hosted the show's third and fourth seasons. During the second season the show", "id": "5428254" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nthe 80s prom and ghetto fabulous. Sarah's wardrobe malfunctioned, and she was commended for not letting it affect her walk but was criticized for not covering up in front of the students. Brittany won the runway challenge and received a trophy. Although Samantha did not win, she expressed her happiness for being there as she missed her own prom. The next day, the contestants returned to the high school for a photoshoot, where Jay Manuel assigned each of them a different high school cliché: While Jaslene stood out and was", "id": "10324942" }, { "contents": "Vietnam's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nThe eighth cycle of Vietnam's Next Top Model (subtitled as Vietnam's Next Top Model: All Stars and stylized as Vietnam's Next Top Model ALL ★ STARS) premiered on June 24, 2017 on VTV3. The cycle was originally announced to be an all-stars co-ed cycle, but was later changed to the original format of an all-female cycle. This cycle features contestants who had previously competed in cycles 1-7, as long as they were not the winners. In addition to the all", "id": "15223245" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 9)\n\n\nThe ninth cycle of America's Next Top Model was the third season of the series to be aired on The CW network. This cycle's promotional tagline was \"The Future Of Fashion.\" The promotional song was \"Shut Up and Drive\" by Rihanna. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destinations for this cycle were St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda (for the semi-finals) and Shanghai and Beijing, China. Among the thirteen finalists was 21-year-old Heather Kuzmich, who has Asperger's", "id": "2774996" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nBrittany won and shared her Seventeen photoshoot prize with Jael & Sarah, though it was announced Cassandra would have won, had she not been late. For the photo shoot, the contestants posed nude, decorated as various types of candy: At judging, the judges were impressed by Brittany's \"editorial\" photograph, and learned of Jael's tragedy. While most girls also received praise for their improvements, the judges criticized Jaslene for losing her \"spicy personality.\" However, the judges were left disappointed with Cassandra's picture", "id": "10324945" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\ntheir families. Natasha began to have an emotional breakdown from missing her daughter. Despite being down, Natasha was able to push the thought out of her head and model (as Mr. Jay puts it) \"like a professional.\" Excitement rose when girls from past seasons of ANTM showed up for their next photo shoot, where the Cycle 8 girls were to portray notorious, memorable moments from the contest's past: At panel, Dionne, Natasha and Brittany impressed the judges with their outstanding photographs, while Jael landed in", "id": "10324958" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 23)\n\n\nThe twenty-third cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" premiered on December 12, 2016 on VH1, as a result of the revival of the series following its cancellation by The CW. As opposed to the past three cycles, this cycle followed the series' original format of an all-female contest. The cycle was presented by British singer Rita Ora, who took over from former model and businesswoman Tyra Banks. The judging panel was fully revamped, consisting of model Ashley Graham, \"Paper\" magazine chief", "id": "9527549" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 17)\n\n\nthe cycle, said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had once worked as an escort. This season has been subtitled \"All-Stars,\" featuring fourteen returning non-winning contestants representing twelve of the series' sixteen cycles (cycles 3, 6, 7 and 8 are not represented) for a second chance to win the title. Cycles 5 and 11 were each represented by two contestants. cycle 14 contestant Angelea Preston appeared for the third time in this", "id": "12048297" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 17)\n\n\nshown, which revealed Lisa as the winner of America’s Next Top Model: All Stars. Following the finale, reports began to speculate regarding the disqualification of Angelea Preston. Due to the bizarre circumstances surrounding the event, including the re-shooting of the final panel/winner reveal, many people began to speculate that Preston had been originally named the winner prior to her disqualification. Multiple theories circulated on social media during the months following the finale. In January 2013, Angelea confirmed that she had indeed won the competition prior", "id": "12048339" }, { "contents": "Caribbean's Next Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nThe first season of \"Caribbean's Next Top Model\", a Caribbean reality television show, premiered on February 18, 2013. It features a number of aspiring models from the entire Caribbean region, who compete for a chance to begin their career in the modelling industry. On November 15, 2012 the contestants of the first season were revealed. For reasons not specified, the show stopped airing temporarily after episode 8. The season resumed with the last three episodes of the series, beginning with episode 9, under its regular", "id": "10338520" }, { "contents": "Toccara Jones\n\n\nalso hosted \"America's Next Thick and Sexy Model\" on the show. She recently was one of the former \"Top Model\" girls who appeared in post show interviews in \"America's Next Top Model: Exposed\". In 2006, Jones appeared in another reality show for VH1, \"Celebrity Paranormal Project\". In 2008, Jones was a competitor on the second season of the VH1 series \"Celebrity Fit Club\". During the show, she lost 32 lb (15 kg) to get down to .", "id": "10069172" }, { "contents": "Mexico's Next Top Model\n\n\nMexico's Next Top Model, sometimes abbreviated as MxNTM, is a Mexican reality television series, based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". It is the second franchise in Latin America after \"Brazil's Next Top Model\", and like the latter, the Mexican version is broadcast on Sony Entertainment Television. The series features a group of young women who would be competing for the title of \"Mexico's Next Top Model\" and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry. The challenge", "id": "21723844" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model\n\n\nJuly 24 interview on the website Television Without Pity with Daniel J. Blau, a former recapper on the site who covered the series, and at the time was an \"America's Next Top Model\" show producer. In November 2006, the writers on strike were taken off payroll. To celebrate its tenth cycle, \"America's Next Top Model\" aired a special installment called \"America's Next Top Model: Exposed\" in two parts on the CW on Wednesday, February 6 & 13, 2008. It reviewed the", "id": "14124" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 5)\n\n\nAmerica's Next Top Model (cycle 5) was the fifth cycle of America's Next Top Model. The judging panel ensemble was altered: Janice Dickinson was replaced by one of the most recognizable models of the 1960s, Twiggy, and Nolé Marin was replaced by runway coach J. Alexander. The cycle's catch-phrase was \"Bling It On\". The prizes for this cycle were: The international destination during this cycle was London, England. The cast size was reduced from 14 to 13, which was maintained up", "id": "12060388" }, { "contents": "Italia's Next Top Model\n\n\nfour permanent judges: the host Natasha Stefanenko, Russian former model and actress who is popular in Italy and equals the role of Tyra Banks as the head of the search in the original series; former top model, Gianni Versace's and Giorgio Armani's muse, Nadège du Bospertus, Michael Giannini who also appeared on \"ANTM season 2\" of \"America's Next Top Model\"'s go-sees episode and is the art director and talent scout of d’Management Group; the fourth judge is the noted Italian fashion journalist Giusi", "id": "16053568" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 8)\n\n\nsaw male models on set, but were surprised when they heard that they were drag queens and would be posing as women, and the girls as men. One of the drag queens in the shoot was Raven from RuPauls Drag Race season 2. The couples each contestant had to portray were as follows: While Brittany and Jaslene once again impressed Jay with their shots, the real shock of the day came from Natasha, who wowed everyone on set. Not only did she turn out with a great photo, she also incorporated", "id": "10324952" }, { "contents": "Germany's Next Topmodel (season 3)\n\n\nLip Puffed Up\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 2. Raquel and Jennifer struggle with their commercials and eventually Alvarez is eliminated due to the lack of potential compared to the other contestants. The song that is played during Alvarez's \"Best of\" compilation is \"Grissom's Overture\" by John M. Keane. \"Original airdate:\" 15 May 2008 This week, inspired by her appearance on \"The Girl Who Graduates\" from \"America's Next Top Model\", Cycle 7, Dita von", "id": "7891563" }, { "contents": "Mexico's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\nSeason two of Mexico's Next Top Model, the Mexican adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on Sony Entertainment Television from August to November 2011. The show was hosted by Mexican model Elsa Benítez, with the judging panel of the previous season remaining unchanged. The prize package for this season included a US$100,000 contract with Shock Modeling management, a cover feature and an editorial spread in \"Elle\" magazine, replacing the show's previous magazine, \"Glamour\", and brand new Nissan", "id": "4301628" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 19)\n\n\nand Leila, along with the previous-eliminated contestants walked in the final runway show at Rose Hall in Montego Bay, and shot for Nine West and \"Nylon\" magazine photo shoot. At the end of the episode, Laura was crowned the nineteenth winner of \"America's Next Top Model\". \"Originally aired \" This episode recapped the cycle, with previously unaired footage being shown. For this cycle, \"America's Next Top Model\" launched a web-series called \"The Comeback Series\". After being", "id": "1295387" }, { "contents": "Colombia's Next Top Model (season 3)\n\n\nColombia's Next Top Model, Cycle 3 is the third cycle of the Colombian reality show based on the popular American format \"America's Next Top Model\" in which a number of women compete for the title of \"Colombia's Next Top Model\" and an opportunity to start her career in the modeling industry. The premiere of the third season was January 10, 2017. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Alejandra Merlano from Armenia. \"First aired January 10, 2017\" \"First aired January 11,", "id": "6408642" }, { "contents": "Mexico's Next Top Model (season 4)\n\n\nSeason four of Mexico's Next Top Model, the Mexican adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on Sony Entertainment Television from August to November 2013. Former host Elsa Benítez left the show and was replaced by Jaydy Michel. With the exception of Benítez, all of the judges from the previous season returned for the new season of the show. The prize package for this season included a US$100,000 modeling contract with Queta Rojas management, a cover feature and an editorial spread in \"Elle\"", "id": "14067511" }, { "contents": "Mexico's Next Top Model (season 1)\n\n\nSeason one of Mexico's Next Top Model, the Mexican adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on Sony Entertainment Television from October to December 2009. The show was hosted by Mexican model Elsa Benítez, with a judging panel composed of photographer Allan Fis, TV personality Jo Lance, and former model Glenda Reyna. The prize package for this season included a US$100,000 contract with Shock Modeling management, a cover feature and an editorial spread in \"Glamour\" magazine, and trips to San Francisco", "id": "21612677" }, { "contents": "Germany's Next Topmodel (season 3)\n\n\nis jewellery amounting to $10,000. This challenge is taken from the episode \"The Girl Who Changes Her Attitude\" on Cycle 8 of \"America's Next Top Model\". The episode features martial arts training with Daniel Bernhardt and a photo shoot for McDonald's Germany. In lieu of the main photo shoot that week, the girls act in a Kill Bill themed commercial shoot for a fictional energy drink called \"taka\". The commercial is inspired by the \"Rollitos chips\" commercial in the episode \"The Girl Whose", "id": "7891562" }, { "contents": "Jourdan Miller\n\n\nthe season finale, becoming the twentieth winner of \"America's Next Top Model\". Miller's win also means that she is the sixth winner of \"America's Next Top Model\" to have never made an appearance in the bottom two, along with Jaslene Gonzalez, McKey Sullivan, Nicole Fox, Krista White, Sophie Sumner and later winner India Gants. Miller also became the second \"America's Next Top Model\" winner to have also never even appeared in the bottom three. This was preceded by cycle 13 winner", "id": "12256016" }, { "contents": "Korea's Next Top Model (season 3)\n\n\nKorea's Next Top Model, season 3 (or Do-jeon Supermodel Korea, season 3) is the third season of the Korean reality television show in which a number of women compete for the title of \"Korea's Next Top Model\" and a chance to start their career in the modelling industry. This season featured eighteen contestants in its final cast. The prizes for this season included: A cash prize of 100,000,000 Korean won, a cover shoot and editorial in W Magazine Korea, a modelling contract with YGKPlus and", "id": "13216580" }, { "contents": "Korea's Next Top Model (season 2)\n\n\nKorea's Next Top Model, season 2 (or Do-jeon Supermodel Korea, season 2) is the second season of the Korean reality television show in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of \"Korea's Next Top Model\" and a chance to start their career in the modelling industry. This season featured fifteen contestants in its final cast. The prizes for this season included: A cash prize of 100,000,000 Korean won, a cover shoot and editorial in W Magazine Korea, a contract with SK-", "id": "340774" }, { "contents": "J. Alexander (model)\n\n\nTop Model\", \"Estonia's Next Top Model\" and \"Scandinavia's Next Top Model\". Alexander appeared on the 4 May 2008 episode of Finland's version of \"ANTM\" \"Suomen huippumalli haussa\". In 2009 and the 2011 final, Alexander appeared on \"Britain's Next Top Model\". On April 20, 2012, Alexander was fired from \"America's Next Top Model\" by Banks after 18 seasons due to the show's plummeting ratings. Alexander was fired together with Nigel Barker, and Manuel", "id": "362490" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 11)\n\n\naired October 29, 2008\" When the girls arrived in Schiphol Airport at Amsterdam, they were greeted by Holland's Next Top Model host Daphne Deckers. They were split into pairs to find their house through a series of tasks. Elina and Samantha were the quickest and earned 50 extra frames to share. The girls then went to the Red Light district for yet another challenge, this time posing as store-front models selling various designers' dresses. While Marjorie was singled out as the best girl, McKey and Samantha won", "id": "5498608" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 13)\n\n\nThe thirteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on September 9, 2009 and was the seventh season to be aired on The CW network. The cycle's catch phrase is \"'The Lineup Is 5' 7\" And Under. Not The Usual Suspects. BOOK 'EM!\", and the promotional song was \"Good Girls Go Bad\" by Cobra Starship featuring Leighton Meester. The ending/elimination song, entitled \"Top Model\", is sung by Marvin Fequiere, husband of Cycle 10 contestant Stacy-", "id": "3670185" }, { "contents": "Italia's Next Top Model\n\n\nItalia's Next Top Model (; abbreviated as INTM) is an Italian reality television show hosted by Natasha Stefanenko and based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". It is broadcast on SKY Uno, a channel of the Italian Pay Television SKY Italia. The first season premiered in December 2007 and soon became popular among viewers. The show is mainly taped in Milan, one of the most important capitals of fashion where the girls stay during the competition. Each season of \"Italia's Next Top Model\" features", "id": "16053564" }, { "contents": "Africa's Next Top Model\n\n\nAfrica's Next Top Model is a reality television show and spin-off to \"America's Next Top Model\". It follows the format of the original version, and documents a competition in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of \"Africa's Next Top Model\" and a chance to start a career in the modeling industry. The show is hosted by model Oluchi Onweagba, and features contestants from countries in Africa. The first season (\"cycle\") aired on Africa Magic from November 2013 to", "id": "8148276" }, { "contents": "Korea's Next Top Model (season 5)\n\n\nKorea's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls, is the final season of the Korean reality television show in which a number of women and men compete for the title of \"Korea's Next Top Model\" and a chance to start their career in the modelling industry. This is also the first season to feature male contestants. This season featured sixteen contestants in its final cast. The prizes for this season included: A cash prize of 100,000,000 Korean won, a cover shoot and editorial in W Magazine Korea, a modelling", "id": "3113254" }, { "contents": "Austria's Next Topmodel (season 2)\n\n\nAustria's Next Topmodel, season 2 was the second season of the Austrian reality documentary based on Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\". Once again Lena Gercke hosted the show while runway coach Alamande Belfor was replaced by former model and fashion photographer Andreas Ortner. Sabine Landl, who was the styling expert in season 1, also became a permanent member of the jury. Like last year, the winner was represented by \"Wiener Models\". Among the other prizes were a cover on Austrian magazine \"Woman\"", "id": "9251894" }, { "contents": "Lisa Jackson (model)\n\n\neditorial feature, and won a $25,000 cash prize making her the first \"America's Next Top Model\" contestant to win. Since that time, Jackson is not accepting Time for print photo sessions anymore. Jackson has also modeled for Source, Carmen Marc Valvo, amongst others. She has also been featured twice on the \"America's Next Top Model\" segment Top Models In Action: the first time in Cycle 11, and the second in Cycle 13. She is currently signed with Muse Model Management in New York", "id": "20942314" } ]

[ { "contents": "Francis Bacon\n\n\nFrancis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (; 22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are credited with developing the scientific method and remained influential through the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of events in nature. Most importantly, he argued science could be achieved by use of a sceptical and methodical approach whereby scientists", "id": "11119015" }, { "contents": "Early Islamic philosophy\n\n\nall times\", \"at most times\", and \"at some time\". While Avicenna (980-1037) often relied on deductive reasoning in philosophy, he used a different approach in medicine. Ibn Sina contributed inventively to the development of inductive logic, which he used to pioneer the idea of a syndrome. In his medical writings, Avicenna was the first to describe the methods of agreement, difference and concomitant variation which are critical to inductive logic and the scientific method. Ibn Hazm (994-1064)", "id": "7276982" }, { "contents": "Baconian method\n\n\nThe Baconian method is the investigative method developed by Sir Francis Bacon. The method was put forward in Bacon's book \"Novum Organum\" (1620), or 'New Method', and was supposed to replace the methods put forward in Aristotle's \"Organon\". This method was influential upon the development of the scientific method in modern science; but also more generally in the early modern rejection of medieval Aristotelianism. Bacon's method is an example of the application of inductive reasoning. However, Bacon's method of induction", "id": "18174859" }, { "contents": "History of statistics\n\n\nof chance (gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability models and statistical theories, particularly the method of least squares. Early probability theory and statistics was systematized in the 19th century and statistical reasoning and probability models were used by social scientists to advance the new sciences of experimental psychology and sociology, and by physical scientists in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The development of statistical reasoning was closely associated with the development of inductive logic and the scientific method, which are concerns that move statisticians away from the narrower area of mathematical statistics", "id": "4523078" }, { "contents": "Case-based evidence\n\n\nthe German-speaking world. The method of case-based evidence is based on analogy, in contrast to learning through inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. In business informatics, drawing inductive conclusions from observed phenomena and applying them to more general knowledge ('economic theory') is a widespread way of evaluating technical and economic systems. In turn, (predictive) deductions are made from 'theory' onto new or future phenomena. It is the subject of heated discussion ('based on scientific theory') what precise form", "id": "11434252" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nfurther methods for finding a first principle: the ancient Aristotelian method of induction (\"istiqra\"), and the more recent method of examination and experimentation (\"tajriba\"). Avicenna criticized Aristotelian induction, arguing that \"it does not lead to the absolute, universal, and certain premises that it purports to provide.\" In its place, he advocated \"a method of experimentation as a means for scientific inquiry.\" Earlier, in \"The Canon of Medicine\" (1025), Avicenna was also the first", "id": "2685932" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\n. All of society's knowledge had become scientific, with questions of theology and of metaphysics being unanswerable. Comte found enumerative induction reliable as a consequence of its grounding in available experience. He asserted the use of science, rather than metaphysical truth, as the correct method for the improvement of human society. According to Comte, scientific method frames predictions, confirms them, and states laws—positive statements—irrefutable by theology or by metaphysics. Regarding experience as justifying enumerative induction by demonstrating the uniformity of nature, the British philosopher", "id": "13538120" }, { "contents": "Logic in Islamic philosophy\n\n\nlogic and inductive logic. Other important developments in early Islamic philosophy include the development of a strict science of citation, the isnad or \"backing\", and the development of a scientific method of open inquiry to disprove claims, the ijtihad, which could be generally applied to many types of questions. Early forms of analogical reasoning, inductive reasoning and categorical syllogism were introduced in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Sharia (Islamic law) and Kalam (Islamic theology) from the 7th century with the process of \"Qiyas\",", "id": "17100617" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nprogress using deductive reasoning as its primary emphasis, known as critical rationalism. His astute formulations of logical procedure helped to rein in the excessive use of inductive speculation upon inductive speculation, and also helped to strengthen the conceptual foundations for today's peer review procedures. Critics of Popper, chiefly Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend and Imre Lakatos, rejected the idea that there exists a \"single\" method that applies to all science and could account for its progress. In 1962 Kuhn published the influential book \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\"", "id": "2685982" }, { "contents": "Reason\n\n\n. Thus, this method of reasoning is ampliative. A classic example of inductive reasoning comes from the empiricist David Hume: Analogical reasoning is a form of inductive reasoning from a particular to a particular. It is often used in case-based reasoning, especially legal reasoning. An example follows: Analogical reasoning is a weaker form of inductive reasoning from a single example, because inductive reasoning typically uses a large number of examples to reason from the particular to the general. Analogical reasoning often leads to wrong conclusions. For example:", "id": "20121142" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\ntoday. Extracting the theory of inquiry from its raw materials in classical logic, he refined it in parallel with the early development of symbolic logic to address the then-current problems in scientific reasoning. Peirce examined and articulated the three fundamental modes of reasoning that play a role in scientific inquiry today, the processes that are currently known as abductive, deductive, and inductive inference. Thirdly, he played a major role in the progress of symbolic logic itself – indeed this was his primary specialty. Charles S. Peirce was also a", "id": "2685977" }, { "contents": "Scientific method\n\n\n\" and \"Science\", have a policy that researchers must archive their data and methods so that other researchers can test the data and methods and build on the research that has gone before. Scientific data archiving can be done at a number of national archives in the U.S. or in the World Data Center. The classical model of scientific inquiry derives from Aristotle, who distinguished the forms of approximate and exact reasoning, set out the threefold scheme of abductive, deductive, and inductive inference, and also treated the compound forms such", "id": "7030537" }, { "contents": "Outline of science\n\n\nof the universe and everything in it. Some scientists do not know of the rules themselves, but follow them through research policies. These procedures are known as the scientific method. Scientific method   (outline) – body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is based on observable, empirical, measurable evidence, and subject to laws of reasoning, both deductive and inductive. Branches of science – divisions within science with respect to the entity or system concerned,", "id": "10056121" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\n, universal truths can be known from particular things via induction. To some extent then, Aristotle reconciles abstract thought with observation, although it would be a mistake to imply that Aristotelian science is empirical in form. Indeed, Aristotle did not accept that knowledge acquired by induction could rightly be counted as scientific knowledge. Nevertheless, induction was for him a necessary preliminary to the main business of scientific enquiry, providing the primary premises required for scientific demonstrations. Aristotle largely ignored inductive reasoning in his treatment of scientific enquiry. To make it", "id": "2685912" }, { "contents": "Mathematical induction\n\n\nmisconstrued as a form of inductive reasoning as used in philosophy (also see Problem of induction). Mathematical induction is an inference rule used in formal proofs. Proofs by mathematical induction are, in fact, examples of deductive reasoning. In 370 BC, Plato's Parmenides may have contained an early example of an implicit inductive proof. The earliest implicit traces of mathematical induction may be found in Euclid's proof that the number of primes is infinite and in Bhaskara's \"cyclic method\". An opposite iterated technique, counting \"", "id": "19194130" }, { "contents": "History of Harvard University\n\n\nfrom vocational preparation. The school introduced a first-year curriculum that was widely imitated, based on classes in contracts, property, torts, criminal law and civil procedure. Critics bemoaned abandonment of the more traditional lecture method, because of its efficiency and the lower workloads it placed on faculty and students. Advocates of the case method had a sounder theoretical basis in scientific research and the inductive method. Langdell's graduates became leading professors at other law schools where they introduced the case method. From its founding in 1900, the", "id": "15599990" }, { "contents": "Islamic philosophy\n\n\nat some time\". While Avicenna (980–1037) often relied on deductive reasoning in philosophy, he used a different approach in medicine. Ibn Sina contributed inventively to the development of inductive logic, which he used to pioneer the idea of a syndrome. In his medical writings, Avicenna was the first to describe the methods of agreement, difference and concomitant variation which are critical to inductive logic and the scientific method. Ibn Hazm (994–1064) wrote the \"Scope of Logic\", in which he stressed on the importance of", "id": "4636729" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nhypothesis. George Boole and William Stanley Jevons also wrote on the principles of reasoning. Attempts to systematize a scientific method were confronted in the mid-18th century by the problem of induction, a positivist logic formulation which, in short, asserts that nothing can be known with certainty except what is actually observed. David Hume took empiricism to the skeptical extreme; among his positions was that there is no logical necessity that the future should resemble the past, thus we are unable to justify inductive reasoning itself by appealing to its past success.", "id": "2685964" }, { "contents": "Circular reasoning\n\n\nof nature and to predict what will happen in the future, based on those laws. However, per David Hume's problem of induction, science cannot be proven inductively by empirical evidence, and thus science cannot be proven scientifically. An appeal to a \"principle of the uniformity of nature\" would be required to deductively necessitate the continued accuracy of predictions based on laws that have only succeeded in generalizing past observations. But as Bertrand Russell observed, \"The method of 'postulating' what we want has many advantages", "id": "12468096" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\nAs this reasoning form's premises, even if true, do not entail the conclusion's truth, this is a form of inductive inference. The conclusion might be true, and might be thought probably true, yet it can be false. Questions regarding the justification and form of enumerative inductions have been central in philosophy of science, as enumerative induction has a pivotal role in the traditional model of the scientific method. This is \"enumerative induction\", aka \"simple induction\" or \"simple predictive induction\". It is", "id": "13538092" }, { "contents": "History of physics\n\n\nemphasis on experimental data and reproducibility of its results. The earliest methodical approach to experiments in the modern sense is visible in the works of Ibn al-Haytham, who introduced an inductive-experimental method for achieving results. Bīrūnī introduced early scientific methods for several different fields of inquiry during the 1020s and 1030s, including an early experimental method for mechanics. Biruni's methodology resembled the modern scientific method, particularly in his emphasis on repeated experimentation. Ibn Sīnā (980–1037), known as \"Avicenna\", was a polymath from", "id": "13701043" }, { "contents": "Empiricism\n\n\nknowledge, even the most basic beliefs about the natural world, can be conclusively established by reason. Rather, he maintained, our beliefs are more a result of accumulated \"habits\", developed in response to accumulated sense experiences. Among his many arguments Hume also added another important slant to the debate about scientific method—that of the problem of induction. Hume argued that it requires inductive reasoning to arrive at the premises for the principle of inductive reasoning, and therefore the justification for inductive reasoning is a circular argument. Among", "id": "10021657" }, { "contents": "Residential Burglary Expert System\n\n\nthe early 'expert systems' of the 1980s and 1990s were 'amateur systems' and prototypes. In order to simulate the human reasoning process, simplistic heuristics were used to re-formulate the investigative approach into programmed processes. For Jo Reichertz, the approach by the REBES developers misunderstood the cognitive methods used by burglary experts. Good investigation uses abduction than mere induction but the early expert systems could only produce results based on the entered data (knowledge base) and could not generate 'ideas' nor 'hypotheses'. The", "id": "3879293" }, { "contents": "Early Islamic philosophy\n\n\nscientific method of open inquiry to disprove claims, the ijtihad, which could be generally applied to many types of questions. Early forms of analogical reasoning, inductive reasoning and categorical syllogism were introduced in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Sharia (Islamic law) and Kalam (Islamic theology) from the 7th century with the process of \"Qiyas\", before the Arabic translations of Aristotle's works. Later during the Islamic Golden Age, there was a logical debate among Islamic philosophers, logicians and theologians over whether the term \"Qiyas", "id": "7276977" }, { "contents": "User Advocacy\n\n\nengineers who use the scientific method to make improvements that result in increased ease of use, time savings, improved levels of user satisfaction, or other user-centered metrics. An advocate is a person who argues for or supports a cause or policy. A user advocate could either be a \"person\", as in a research study; a \"persona\", fictional characters that represent a typical customer or segment of the customer base; or a \"community\", such as participants of a public discussion board. The", "id": "6134185" }, { "contents": "Problem of induction\n\n\nThe problem of induction is the philosophical question of whether inductive reasoning leads to knowledge understood in the classic philosophical sense, highlighting the apparent lack of justification for: The problem calls into question all empirical claims made in everyday life or through the scientific method, and, for that reason, the philosopher C. D. Broad said that \"induction is the glory of science and the scandal of philosophy.\" Although the problem arguably dates back to the Pyrrhonism of ancient philosophy, as well as the Carvaka school of Indian philosophy, David Hume", "id": "10666086" }, { "contents": "Science communication\n\n\nor study, or to inform decision making, including political and ethical thinking. There is increasing emphasis on explaining methods rather than simply findings of science. This may be especially critical in addressing scientific misinformation, which spreads easily because it is not subject to the constraints of scientific method. Science communicators can use entertainment and persuasion including humour, storytelling and metaphors. Scientists can be trained in some of the techniques used by actors to improve their communication. Writing in 1987, Geoffery Thomas and John Durant advocated various reasons to increase public", "id": "11690974" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\none age. 'Tis much better to do a little with certainty, and leave the rest for others that come after you, than to explain all things. Newton's work became a model that other sciences sought to emulate, and his inductive approach formed the basis for much of natural philosophy through the 18th and early 19th centuries. Some methods of reasoning were later systematized by Mill's Methods (or Mill's canon), which are five explicit statements of what can be discarded and what can be kept while building a", "id": "2685963" }, { "contents": "Scientific method\n\n\nThe scientific method is an empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are \"principles\" of the scientific method,", "id": "7030469" }, { "contents": "Critique of Pure Reason\n\n\npure concepts of reason are derived only from experience. Plato and Leibniz contended that they come from reason, not sense experience, which is illusory. Epicurus never speculated beyond the limits of experience. Locke, however, said that the existence of God and the immortality of the soul could be proven. Those who follow the naturalistic method of studying the problems of pure reason use their common, sound, or healthy reason, not scientific speculation. Others, who use the scientific method, are either dogmatists (Wolff) or skeptics", "id": "888434" }, { "contents": "Pseudoscience\n\n\nbut which is otherwise consistent with existing science or which, where inconsistent, offers reasonable account of the inconsistency. It may also describe the transition from a body of practical knowledge into a scientific field. Karl Popper stated it is insufficient to distinguish science from pseudoscience, or from metaphysics (such as the philosophical question of what existence means), by the criterion of rigorous adherence to the empirical method, which is essentially inductive, based on observation or experimentation. He proposed a method to distinguish between genuine empirical, nonempirical or even", "id": "3472739" }, { "contents": "Laurence Jonathan Cohen\n\n\nbring in all the relevant factors when arguing from known specifics to a general conclusion—the essence of inductive reasoning—was in his view far too complex to express in a logical equation. But their methods of reasoning could still be held up to inspection and, to some extent, classified. In clinical and scientific work, he was also concerned with the nature of proof. Another book, \"Belief and Acceptance\" (1992), examined the bases of people's assumptions. In all, Jonathan Cohen believed in the", "id": "12254091" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nthe Study of Experimental Medicine\" (1865), he described what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist a true discoverer. Unlike many scientific writers of his time, Bernard wrote about his own experiments and thoughts, and used the first person. William Stanley Jevons' \"The Principles of Science: a treatise on logic and scientific method\" (1873, 1877) Chapter XII \"The Inductive or Inverse Method\", Summary of the Theory of Inductive Inference, states \"Thus there are but three steps in", "id": "2685974" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\nInductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying \"some\" evidence for the truth of the conclusion; this is in contrast to \"deductive\" reasoning. While the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument may be \"probable\", based upon the evidence given. Many dictionaries define inductive reasoning as the derivation of general principles from specific observations, though there are many inductive arguments that do not have that form. The following are types of", "id": "13538085" }, { "contents": "Works by Francis Bacon\n\n\nFrancis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban(s), KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author, and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the creator of empiricism. His works established and popularized inductive methodologies", "id": "6578963" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\n. Hume nevertheless stated that even if induction were proved unreliable, we would still have to rely on it. So instead of a position of severe skepticism, Hume advocated a practical skepticism based on common sense, where the inevitability of induction is accepted. Bertrand Russell illustrated Hume's skepticism in a story about a turkey, fed every morning without fail, who following the laws of induction concluded that this feeding would always continue, but then his throat was cut on Thanksgiving Day. In 1963, Karl Popper wrote, \"Induction", "id": "13538129" }, { "contents": "Uncertainty reduction theory\n\n\nrelationship development: verbal communication, nonverbal warmth, information seeking, self-disclosure, reciprocity, similarity, and liking. The uncertainty reduction theory uses scientific methodology and deductive reasoning to reach conclusions. This part of uncertainty reduction theory demonstrates the positivistic approach Berger and Calabrese took. The approach \"advocates the methods of the natural sciences,with the goal of constructing general laws governing human interactions\". Based on further research two additional axioms were added to the theory, the 8th axiom was add by Berger and Gudykunst (1991)", "id": "12643884" }, { "contents": "Models of scientific inquiry\n\n\nwhich scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work.\" The classical model of scientific inquiry derives from Aristotle, who distinguished the forms of approximate and exact reasoning, set out the threefold scheme of abductive, deductive, and inductive inference, and also treated the compound forms such as reasoning by analogy. Wesley Salmon (1989) began his historical survey of scientific explanation with what he called the \"received view\", as it was received from Hempel and Oppenheim in the years beginning with", "id": "21555153" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\n. While induction was sufficient for discovering universals by generalization, it did not succeed in identifying causes. For this task Aristotle used the tool of deductive reasoning in the form of syllogisms. Using the syllogism, scientists could infer new universal truths from those already established. Aristotle developed a complete normative approach to scientific inquiry involving the syllogism, which he discusses at length in his \"Posterior Analytics\". A difficulty with this scheme lay in showing that derived truths have solid primary premises. Aristotle would not allow that demonstrations could be circular", "id": "2685914" }, { "contents": "Being\n\n\nit dominated the philosophic landscape. The rationalist philosophers, however, with a new emphasis on Reason as a tool of the intellect, brought the classical and medieval traditions under new scrutiny, exercising a new concept of doubt, with varying outcomes. Foremost among the new doubters were the empiricists, the advocates of scientific method, with its emphasis on experimentation and reliance on evidence gathered from sensory experience. In parallel with the revolutions against rising political absolutism based on established religion and the replacement of faith by reasonable faith, new systems of", "id": "3074444" }, { "contents": "Inductive probability\n\n\nInductive probability attempts to give the probability of future events based on past events. It is the basis for inductive reasoning, and gives the mathematical basis for learning and the perception of patterns. It is a source of knowledge about the world. There are three sources of knowledge: inference, communication, and deduction. Communication relays information found using other methods. Deduction establishes new facts based on existing facts. Only inference establishes new facts from data. The basis of inference is Bayes' theorem. But this theorem is sometimes hard", "id": "18070388" }, { "contents": "Timeline of chemistry\n\n\nDemocritus) used deductive reasoning in an attempt to explain the behavior of the world around them. Alchemists (such as Geber and Rhazes) were people who used experimental techniques in an attempt to extend the life or perform material conversions, such as turning base metals into gold. In the 17th century, a synthesis of the ideas of these two disciplines, that is the \"deductive\" and the \"experimental\", leads to the development of a process of thinking known as the scientific method. With the introduction of the scientific", "id": "18857917" }, { "contents": "Baconian method\n\n\nnotions, and [also] in the first principles, which depend in common induction [versus Bacon's induction]; still more is this the case in axioms and inferior propositions derived from syllogisms. While he advocated a very empirical, observational, reasoned method that did away with metaphysical conjecture, Bacon was a religious man, believed in God, and believed his work had a religious role. He contended, like other researchers at the time, that by doing this careful work man could begin to understand God's wonderful creation", "id": "18174863" }, { "contents": "John Stuart Mill\n\n\nwife's. Mill joined the debate over scientific method which followed on from John Herschel's 1830 publication of \"A Preliminary Discourse on the study of Natural Philosophy\", which incorporated inductive reasoning from the known to the unknown, discovering general laws in specific facts and verifying these laws empirically. William Whewell expanded on this in his 1837 \"History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Time\" followed in 1840 by \"The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded Upon their History\", presenting induction as the", "id": "15638274" }, { "contents": "Resurrection\n\n\nIt is regarded with skepticism within the mainstream scientific community and has been widely characterized as quackery. Russian Cosmist Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov advocated resurrection of the dead using scientific methods. Fedorov tried to plan specific actions for scientific research of the possibility of restoring life and making it infinite. His first project is connected with collecting and synthesizing decayed remains of dead based on \"knowledge and control over all atoms and molecules of the world\". The second method described by Fedorov is genetic-hereditary. The revival could be done successively in the", "id": "6788973" }, { "contents": "Abductive reasoning\n\n\nabout evidence to be found, predictions which induction can test through observation so as to evaluate the hypothesis. That is Peirce's outline of the scientific method of inquiry, as covered in his inquiry methodology, which includes pragmatism or, as he later called it, pragmaticism, the clarification of ideas in terms of their conceivable implications regarding informed practice. As early as 1866, Peirce held that: 1. Hypothesis (abductive inference) is inference through an \"icon\" (also called a \"likeness\"). br 2", "id": "14994949" }, { "contents": "Harvard Law School\n\n\nstudents. Advocates said the case method had a sounder theoretical basis in scientific research and the inductive method. Langdell's graduates became leading professors at other law schools where they introduced the case method. The method was facilitated by casebooks. From its founding in 1900, the Association of American Law Schools promoted the case method in law schools that sought accreditation. During the 20th century Harvard Law School was known for its competitiveness. For example, Robert C. Berring, Jr. called it \"a samurai ring where you can test your swordsmanship", "id": "727145" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\nrandom, and quantification methods are elusive. The process of analogical inference involves noting the shared properties of two or more things and from this basis inferring that they also share some further property: Analogical reasoning is very frequent in common sense, science, philosophy and the humanities, but sometimes it is accepted only as an auxiliary method. A refined approach is case-based reasoning. This is \"analogical induction\", according to which things alike in certain ways are more prone to be alike in other ways. This form of", "id": "13538096" }, { "contents": "History of science\n\n\nphilosophy, which did much to shape later investigations of nature. Their development of deductive reasoning was of particular importance and usefulness to later scientific inquiry. Plato founded the Platonic Academy in 387 BC, whose motto was \"Let none unversed in geometry enter here\", and turned out many notable philosophers. Plato's student Aristotle introduced empiricism and the notion that universal truths can be arrived at via observation and induction, thereby laying the foundations of the scientific method. Aristotle also produced many biological writings that were empirical in nature, focusing", "id": "14644842" }, { "contents": "Theodor Geiger\n\n\nthe social sciences. Seeing no necessary difference between the laws and methods of the natural sciences and those of the social sciences, he advocated for unity of the methodologies of all the empirical sciences. Geiger believed that Sociology can only be a true scientific discipline if it establishes this consistent methodology and a rejection of the idiographic approach. Further, Sociology should not study isolated instances, but rather patterns. This requires the use of the general versus the specific. Geiger stressed the importance of supporting inductive research with empirical data but also the", "id": "8673708" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\n\"A System of Logic\" (1843) upon reading Whewell's \"History of the Inductive Sciences\". Mill may be regarded as the final exponent of the empirical school of philosophy begun by John Locke, whose fundamental characteristic is the duty incumbent upon all thinkers to investigate for themselves rather than to accept the authority of others. Knowledge must be based on experience. In the mid-19th century Claude Bernard was also influential, especially in bringing the scientific method to medicine. In his discourse on scientific method, \"An Introduction to", "id": "2685973" }, { "contents": "Case-based reasoning\n\n\nfirst glance, CBR may seem similar to the rule induction algorithms of machine learning. Like a rule-induction algorithm, CBR starts with a set of cases or training examples; it forms generalizations of these examples, albeit implicit ones, by identifying commonalities between a retrieved case and the target problem. If for instance a procedure for plain pancakes is mapped to blueberry pancakes, a decision is made to use the same basic batter and frying method, thus implicitly generalizing the set of situations under which the batter and frying method can", "id": "6845003" }, { "contents": "Pessimistic induction\n\n\nIn the philosophy of science, the pessimistic induction, also known as the pessimistic meta-induction, is an argument which seeks to rebut scientific realism, particularly the scientific realist's notion of epistemic optimism. Scientific realists argue that we have good reasons to believe that our presently successful scientific theories are true or approximately true. The pessimistic meta-induction undermines the realist's warrant for their epistemic optimism (the view that science tends to succeed in revealing what the world is like and that there are good reasons to take theories to", "id": "18104539" }, { "contents": "Works by Francis Bacon\n\n\nbelieved to be superior to the old ways of syllogism, developing his scientific method, consisting of procedures for isolating the formal cause of a phenomenon (heat, for example) through eliminative induction. For him, the philosopher should proceed through inductive reasoning from fact to axiom to physical law. Before beginning this induction, though, the enquirer must free his or her mind from certain false notions or tendencies that distort the truth. These are called \"Idols\" (\"idola\"), and are of four kinds: About", "id": "6578982" }, { "contents": "A Treatise of Human Nature\n\n\nsame experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\". Against the philosophical rationalists, Hume argues that passion rather than reason governs human behaviour. He introduces the famous problem of induction, arguing that inductive reasoning and our beliefs regarding cause and effect cannot be justified by reason; instead, our faith in induction and causation is the result of mental habit and custom. Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on", "id": "12872191" }, { "contents": "Thomas Laycock (physiologist)\n\n\n, Laycock used observation as his principal method of scientific inquiry. He did not advocate for microscopic experimentation, which he saw as unnecessary in studying nature's biological forces. Rather, he preferred passive observation of purposeful phenomena in nature, from which theories could be inducted. In 1863, Laycock published a paper on the classification of psychiatric disorders. On the classification, he said: \"If we further analyse the standard as applied to the naming and classification of mental diseases in general, we find it includes attributes or qualities in", "id": "14615252" }, { "contents": "Intuitive statistics\n\n\nThis ties together questions about the statistical toolkit(s) that might be involved in learning, and how they apply to infant and childhood learning specifically. Gopnik advocates the hypothesis that infant and childhood learning are examples of inductive inference, a general-purpose mechanism for generalization, acting upon specialized information structures (\"theories\") in the brain. On this view, infants and children are essentially proto-scientists because they regularly use a kind of scientific method, developing hypotheses, performing experiments via play, and updating models about the world", "id": "8521364" }, { "contents": "Meng Anming\n\n\nhe was awarded the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation Prize for Scientific and Technologic Progress. Meng's research mainly focuses on the molecular mechanism of early vertebrate embryonic development. He uses zebrafish to study zygote genome activation, mesoderm induction and pattern formation in development of vertebrate embryos, and discovered the role of several specific genes in mesoderm induction and dorsoventral patterning. And he first developed a method to study gene expression regulatory elements in living embryos of zebrafish using GFP transgenic technology. In 1990s he studied genetic variability using DNA profiling. He is", "id": "16984642" }, { "contents": "Combinatorial method (linguistics)\n\n\n. It has also been used for other languages, for example by Yves Duhoux (1982) for Eteocretan. The method was first advocated by Wilhelm Deeke in his 1875 refutation of Wilhelm Corssen's attempt to demonstrate a supposed relationship between Etruscan and the Indo-European languages by the etymological method, which is based on perceived resemblances between words in the text in the unknown language and words existing in known languages. The combinatorial method was developed to replace the etymological method because the latter bases itself on circular reasoning, in which the", "id": "2926101" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\n, Aristotle in the 300s BCE used the Greek word \"epagogé\", which Cicero translated into the Latin word \"inductio\". In the 300s CE, Sextus Empiricus maintained that all knowledge derives from sensory experience and concluded in his \"Outlines of Pyrrhonism\" that induction cannot justify the acceptance of universal statements as true. In 1620, early modern philosopher Francis Bacon repudiated the value of mere experience and enumerative induction alone. His method of inductivism required that minute and many-varied observations that uncovered the natural world's structure", "id": "13538114" }, { "contents": "Rippling\n\n\nrules, called wave rules, can then be used in a terminating fashion to manipulate the target expression until the source expression can be used to complete the proof. We aim to show that the addition of natural numbers is commutative. This is an elementary property, and the proof is by routine induction. Nevertheless, the search space for finding such a proof may become quite large. Typically, the base case of any inductive proof is solved by methods other than rippling. For this reason, we will concentrate on the step", "id": "14688477" }, { "contents": "Terminology of alternative medicine\n\n\nin biomedicine. \"Biomedicine\" or \"medicine\" is that part of medical science that applies principles of biology, physiology, molecular biology, biophysics, and other natural sciences to clinical practice, using scientific methods to establish the effectiveness of that practice. Unlike medicine, an alternative product or practice does not originate from using scientific methods, but may instead be based on hearsay, religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural energies, pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Terminology has", "id": "11768369" }, { "contents": "Criticism of the theory of relativity\n\n\nCriticism of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein was mainly expressed in the early years after its publication in the early twentieth century, on scientific, pseudoscientific, philosophical, or ideological bases. Though some of these criticisms had the support of reputable scientists, Einstein's theory of relativity is now accepted by the scientific community. Reasons for criticism of the theory of relativity have included alternative theories, rejection of the abstract-mathematical method, and alleged errors of the theory. According to some authors, antisemitic objections to Einstein's Jewish", "id": "5558604" }, { "contents": "History of statistics\n\n\n, the methods then used would not be considered as modern statistics today. The Oxford scholar Francis Ysidro Edgeworth's book, \"Metretike: or The Method of Measuring Probability and Utility\" (1887) dealt with probability as the basis of inductive reasoning, and his later works focused on the 'philosophy of chance'. His first paper on statistics (1883) explored the law of error (normal distribution), and his \"Methods of Statistics\" (1885) introduced an early version of the t distribution, the Edgeworth", "id": "4523110" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nwhere he applied himself diligently to the several sciences as then taught, and came to the conclusion that the methods employed and the results attained were alike erroneous; he learned to despise the current Aristotelian philosophy. He believed philosophy must be taught its true purpose, and for this purpose a new method must be devised. With this conception in his mind, Bacon left the university. Bacon attempted to describe a rational procedure for establishing causation between phenomena based on induction. Bacon's induction was, however, radically different than that employed", "id": "2685946" }, { "contents": "Chemistry\n\n\ninto medieval and Renaissance Europe through Latin translations. The development of the modern scientific method was slow and arduous, but an early scientific method for chemistry began emerging among early Muslim chemists, beginning with the 9th century Perso-Arab chemist Jābir ibn Hayyān (known as \"Geber\" in Europe), who is sometimes referred to as \"the father of chemistry\". He introduced a systematic and experimental approach to scientific research based in the laboratory, in contrast to the ancient Greek and Egyptian alchemists whose works were largely allegorical and", "id": "4896904" }, { "contents": "Science of morality\n\n\nmoral truth can be backed by \"science\", or more specifically, empirical knowledge, critical thinking, philosophy, but most controversially, the scientific method. Patricia Churchland offers that, accepting David Hume's is–ought problem, the use of induction from premises and definitions remains a valid way of reasoning in life and science: Daleiden and Leonard Carmichael warn that science is probabilistic, and that certainty is not possible. One should therefore expect that moral prescriptions will change as humans gain understanding. The science of morality may aim", "id": "16982405" }, { "contents": "Crime reconstruction\n\n\nCrime reconstruction or crime scene reconstruction is the forensic science discipline in which one gains \"explicit knowledge of the series of events that surround the commission of a crime using deductive and inductive reasoning, physical evidence, scientific methods, and their interrelationships\". Gardner and Bevel explain that crime scene reconstruction \"involves evaluating the context of a scene and the physical evidence found there in an effort to identify what occurred and in what order it occurred.\" Chisum and Turvey explain that \"[h]olistic crime reconstruction is the development of actions and", "id": "5300908" }, { "contents": "Case-based reasoning\n\n\nCase-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular outcome in a trial based on legal precedents or a judge who creates case law is using case-based reasoning. So, too, an engineer copying working elements of nature (practicing biomimicry), is treating nature as a database of", "id": "6845001" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\nwhen they exhibit what Whewell termed \"consilience\"—that is, simultaneously predicting the inductive generalizations in multiple areas—a feat that, according to Whewell, can establish their truth. Perhaps to accommodate the prevailing view of science as inductivist method, Whewell devoted several chapters to \"methods of induction\" and sometimes used the phrase \"logic of induction\", despite the fact that induction lacks rules and cannot be trained. In the 1870s, the originator of pragmatism, C S Peirce performed vast investigations that clarified the basis of deductive inference", "id": "13538123" }, { "contents": "Critique of Practical Reason\n\n\nvirtue. We therefore need to postulate that there is an omniscient God who can order the world justly and reward us for our virtue. In the first Critique, the Doctrine of Method plans out the scientific study of the principles of pure theoretical reason. Here, however, the Doctrine of Method will instead be a discussion of how the principles of practical reason can be brought to bear on real life. In other words, the Doctrine of Method in the second Critique is fundamentally concerned with moral education: the question of how", "id": "19558915" }, { "contents": "Empiricism\n\n\nof reasoning serve as a primary conceptual foundation for the empirically based scientific method today. Peirce's approach \"presupposes that (1) the objects of knowledge are real things, (2) the characters (properties) of real things do not depend on our perceptions of them, and (3) everyone who has sufficient experience of real things will agree on the truth about them. According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, the conclusions of science are always tentative. The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the", "id": "10021676" }, { "contents": "Empiricism\n\n\nof the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on \"a priori\" reasoning, intuition, or revelation. Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that \"knowledge is based on experience\" and that \"knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification\". Empirical research, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides the scientific method. The English term \"empirical\" derives from the Ancient Greek word ἐμπειρία, \"empeiria\"", "id": "10021631" }, { "contents": "Knowledge\n\n\nconcept of bounded rationality which assumes that in real life situations people often have a limited amount of information and make decisions accordingly. Intuition is the ability to acquire partial knowledge without inference or the use of reason. An individual may \"know\" about a situation and be unable to explain the process that led to their knowledge. The development of the scientific method has made a significant contribution to how knowledge of the physical world and its phenomena is acquired. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering", "id": "11482495" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\n. And again, some years earlier, speaking of Galileo's physics in a letter to his friend and critic Mersenne from 1638, without having considered the first causes of nature, [Galileo] has merely looked for the explanations of a few particular effects, and he has thereby built without foundations. Whereas Aristotle purported to arrive at his first principles by induction, Descartes believed he could obtain them using reason only. In this sense, he was a Platonist, as he believed in the innate ideas, as opposed to Aristotle", "id": "2685957" }, { "contents": "Scientific method\n\n\nas existential statements, stating that some particular instance of the phenomenon being studied has some characteristic and causal explanations, which have the general form of universal statements, stating that every instance of the phenomenon has a particular characteristic. Scientists are free to use whatever resources they have – their own creativity, ideas from other fields, inductive reasoning, Bayesian inference, and so on – to imagine possible explanations for a phenomenon under study. Albert Einstein once observed that \"there is no logical bridge between phenomena and their theoretical principles.\"", "id": "7030521" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\n, \"i.e.\" inference based on many observations, is a myth. It is neither a psychological fact, nor a fact of ordinary life, nor one of scientific procedure.\" Popper's 1972 book \"Objective Knowledge\"—whose first chapter is devoted to the problem of induction—opens, \"I think I have solved a major philosophical problem: the problem of induction\". In Popper's schema, enumerative induction is \"a kind of optical illusion\" cast by the steps of conjecture and refutation during a \"problem shift\"", "id": "13538130" }, { "contents": "Scientific method\n\n\nmatters, and that the scientific method is best suited to theoretical research, which in turn should not be trammeled by the other methods and practical ends; reason's \"first rule\" is that, in order to learn, one must desire to learn and, as a corollary, must not block the way of inquiry. The scientific method excels the others by being deliberately designed to arrive – eventually – at the most secure beliefs, upon which the most successful practices can be based. Starting from the idea that people seek", "id": "7030540" }, { "contents": "Newtonianism\n\n\n\"Principia Mathematica\", published by the Royal Society in 1687 but not available widely and in English until after his death, is the text generally cited as revolutionary or otherwise radical in the development of science. The three books of \"Principia\", considered a seminal text in mathematics and physics, are notable for their rejection of hypotheses in favor of inductive and deductive reasoning based on a set of definitions and axioms. This method may be contrasted to the Cartesian method of deduction based on sequential logical reasoning, and showed the", "id": "5680082" }, { "contents": "Scientific method\n\n\n; and hypothetico-deductivism, which came to the fore in the early 19th century. The term \"scientific method\" emerged in the 19th century, when a significant institutional development of science was taking place and terminologies establishing clear boundaries between science and non-science, such as \"scientist\" and \"pseudoscience\", appeared. Throughout the 1830s and 1850s, by which time Baconianism was popular, naturalists like William Whewell, John Herschel, John Stuart Mill engaged in debates over \"induction\" and \"facts\" and were", "id": "7030475" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nnovel, \"The New Atlantis\", the ultimate role is given for inductive reasoning: Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments into greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms. These we call interpreters of nature. In 1619, René Descartes began writing his first major treatise on proper scientific and philosophical thinking, the unfinished \"Rules for the Direction of the Mind\". His aim was to create a complete science that he hoped would overthrow the Aristotelian system and establish himself as the sole architect of a", "id": "2685953" }, { "contents": "Induction heater\n\n\nin the early 1970s. In the early 1970s the advent of solid state switching technology saw a shift from the traditional methods of induction heating power generation. Initially this was limited to the use of thyristors for generating the 'MF range of frequencies using discrete electronic control systems. State of the art units now employ SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier), IGBT or MOSFET technologies for generating the 'MF' and 'RF' current. The modern control system is typically a digital microprocessor based system utilising PIC, PLC (programmable", "id": "20487200" }, { "contents": "Test construction strategies\n\n\ntraditionally constructed without expectation for how they will be answered by each group. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was initially developed using this method. This method primarily differs from the inductive method in the way items are selected. While inductive methods select items based upon factor loadings, empirical items are selected based upon validity coefficients and their ability to accurately predict group membership. However, the empirical method shares many of the strengths and weaknesses of atheoretical item creation with inductive methods, while also having an initial item pool more likely to relate to", "id": "17602722" }, { "contents": "Hobbes's moral and political philosophy\n\n\nor philosophical in nature. To Hobbes, this type of knowledge was based on subjective and diverse experience, and was therefore only capable of producing speculative assumptions. This view predetermined Hobbes’s method of deductive reasoning, which involved the application of geometry, Galilean scientific concepts and definition. This scientific method stresses the importance of first establishing well-defined principles of human nature (moral philosophy) and ‘deducing’ aspects of political life from this. Hobbes first used the mechanics of motion to define principles of human perception, behaviour and", "id": "10822952" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nby the Aristotelians. As Bacon put it, [A]nother form of induction must be devised than has hitherto been employed, and it must be used for proving and discovering not first principles (as they are called) only, but also the lesser axioms, and the middle, and indeed all. For the induction which proceeds by simple enumeration is childish. —\"Novum Organum\" section CV Bacon's method relied on experimental \"histories\" to eliminate alternative theories. Bacon explains how his method is applied in his \"Novum", "id": "2685947" }, { "contents": "Natural kind\n\n\nscientifically and logically unjustified. The number and degrees of similarities and differences humans experience are infinite. But the method is justified by its instrumental success in revealing natural kinds. The \"problem of induction\" is how humans \"should stand better than random or coin-tossing chances of coming out right when we predict by inductions which are based on our innate, scientifically unjustified similarity standards.\" Quine credited human ability to recognize colors as natural kinds to their evolutionary role in human survival—distinguishing safe from poisonous kinds of food.", "id": "11116348" }, { "contents": "Claude Bernard\n\n\nwrites with scientific fervor: \"Induction and Deduction\". Experimental science is a constant interchange between theory and fact, induction and deduction. Induction, reasoning from the particular to the general, and deduction, or reasoning from the general to the particular, are never truly separate. A general theory and our theoretical deductions from it must be tested with specific experiments designed to confirm or deny their truth; while these particular experiments may lead us to formulate new theories. \"Cause and Effect\". The scientist tries to determine the", "id": "9200994" }, { "contents": "Inductive reasoning\n\n\nIn a 1965 paper, Gilbert Harman explained that enumerative induction is not an autonomous phenomenon, but is simply a disguised consequence of Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE). IBE is otherwise synonymous with C S Peirce's \"abduction\". Many philosophers of science espousing scientific realism have maintained that IBE is the way that scientists develop approximately true scientific theories about nature. Thinkers as far back as Sextus Empiricus have criticised inductive reasoning. The classic philosophical critique of the problem of induction was given by the Scottish philosopher David Hume.", "id": "13538126" }, { "contents": "Intelligence analysis\n\n\na process tailored to the nature of the problem. Four basic types of reasoning apply to intelligence analysis: induction, deduction, abduction and the scientific method. The induction process is one of discovering relationships among the phenomena under study. It may come from human pattern recognition ability, looking at a seemingly random set of events, perhaps writing them on cards and shuffling them until a pattern emerges. An analyst might notice that when Country X's command post with call sign ABC sent out a message on frequency 1 between Thursday and", "id": "13440098" }, { "contents": "Louis Cheskin\n\n\nwas a unique approach at the time. His methods focused on catering to what consumers felt, desired, and needed, rather than trying to directly manipulate those ideas. His methods also advocated frequent updates to the methodology used, as Cheskin's methods were based on ephemeral consumer attitudes rather than on Freudian psychology. By the 1950s, Cheskin had already implemented the concept that brands, messages, and offerings could be coordinated and delivered through multiple contexts and media. He relied on scientific testing procedures and detailed standards, including colour guides", "id": "5741300" }, { "contents": "History of scientific method\n\n\nis one and that change and subdivision do not exist. In the 3rd and 4th centuries BCE, the Greek physicians Herophilos (335–280 BCE) and Erasistratus of Chios employed experiments to further their medical research; Erasistratus at one time repeatedly weighing a caged bird, and noting its weight loss between feeding times. Aristotle's inductive-deductive method used inductions from observations to infer general principles, deductions from those principles to check against further observations, and more cycles of induction and deduction to continue the advance of knowledge. The \"Organon", "id": "2685909" }, { "contents": "Scientific Revolution\n\n\na \"blank tablet,\" upon which sensory impressions were recorded and built up knowledge through a process of reflection. The philosophical underpinnings of the Scientific Revolution were laid out by Francis Bacon, who has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the \"Baconian method\", or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions", "id": "10379214" }, { "contents": "Bates method\n\n\nand have no effect on improving eyesight; the only effect they can have is to delay the use of effective therapy, with possible adverse consequences. As early as 1929, the Federal Trade Commission lodged a complaint against Bates' for advertising \"falsely or misleadingly\". In 1967, the \"British Medical Journal\" reported that \"Bates […] advocated prolonged sun-gazing as the treatment of myopia, with disastrous results.\" Philosopher Frank J. Leavitt has argued that the method Bates described would be difficult to test scientifically", "id": "6565963" }, { "contents": "Alternative medicine\n\n\nis not based on the scientific method. Alternative medicine practices are diverse in their foundations and methodologies. Alternative medicine practices may be classified by their cultural origins or by the types of beliefs upon which they are based. Methods may incorporate or be based on traditional medicinal practices of a particular culture, folk knowledge, superstition, spiritual beliefs, belief in supernatural energies (antiscience), pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, new or different concepts of health and disease, and any bases other than being proven by scientific", "id": "1665063" }, { "contents": "Early Islamic philosophy\n\n\n), the \"Ar-Radd 'ala al-Mantiqiyyin\" (\"Refutation of Greek Logicians\"), where he argued against the usefulness, though not the validity, of the syllogism and in favour of inductive reasoning. Avicenna's proof for the existence of God, known as the \"Proof of the Truthful\", was the first ontological argument, which he proposed in the \"Metaphysics\" section of \"The Book of Healing\". This was the first attempt at using the method of a priori proof,", "id": "7276985" }, { "contents": "Inductivism\n\n\nnoumena). Kant's transcendental idealism launched German idealism—increasingly speculative metaphysics—while philosophers continued awkward confidence in empirical sciences as inductive. Refining Baconian inductivism, John Stuart Mill posed his own five methods of discerning causality to describe the reasoning whereby scientists exceed mere inductivism. In the 1830s, opposing metaphysics, Auguste Comte explicated positivism, which, unlike Baconian model, emphasized \"predictions\", confirming them, and laying scientific laws irrefutable by theology or metaphysics. Finding experience to show uniformity of nature and thereby justify enumerative induction,", "id": "21963295" }, { "contents": "British philosophy\n\n\n(c. 1214–1294), also known as Doctor Mirabilis (Latin: \"Wondrous Doctor\"), was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on empirical methods. He is sometimes credited as one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Plato and Aristotle via early Islamic scientists such as Avicenna and Averroes. John Duns Scotus (c. 1265 – 8 November 1308) was an important philosopher and theologian of the High Middle Ages. Scotus was born around 1265, at Duns,", "id": "2208068" }, { "contents": "Astrology and astronomy\n\n\nphysics of the universe. Astrologers use astronomical calculations for the positions of celestial bodies along the ecliptic and attempt to correlate celestial events (astrological aspects, sign positions) with earthly events and human affairs. Astronomers consistently use the scientific method, naturalistic presuppositions and abstract mathematical reasoning to investigate or explain phenomena in the universe. Astrologers use mystical or religious reasoning as well as traditional folklore, symbolism and superstition blended with mathematical predictions to explain phenomena in the universe. The scientific method is not consistently used by astrologers. Astrologers practice their discipline", "id": "16320447" }, { "contents": "Elżbieta Pleszczyńska\n\n\njust a convention, not mathematics. The parametric methods always work out of their conditions of use. However, their results are othen considered valid, which leads to \"scientific\" validation of false hypothesis. For the reasons mentioned above, Elżbieta Pleszczyńska is a strong advocate of explorative data analysis and non-parametric statistics, like Spearman's rho, Kendall's tau, or grade data analysis. Elżbieta Pleszczyńska has cofounded Foundation Supporting Physically Disabled Mathematicians and Computer Specialists in Warsaw (September 1990). For many years she has been", "id": "17536779" }, { "contents": "Mathematical induction\n\n\nusing a stronger hypothesis: one proves the statement under the assumption that \"P\"(\"n\") holds for all natural \"n\" less than ; by contrast, the basic form only assumes \"P\"(\"m\"). The name \"strong induction\" does not mean that this method can prove more than \"weak induction\", but merely refers to the stronger hypothesis used in the inductive step; in fact the two methods are equivalent, as explained below. In this form of complete induction one still has to prove the base case", "id": "19194150" } ]

[ { "contents": "Hindu nationalism\n\n\nand political movements that originated in the first decade of the twentieth century. Anushilan Samiti was one of the prominent revolutionary movements in India in the early part of the twentieth century. It was started as a cultural society in 1902, by Aurobindo and the followers of Bankim Chandra to propagate the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. But soon the Samiti had its goal to overthrow the British rule in India. Various branches of the Samiti sprung across India in the guise of suburban fitness clubs but secretly imparted arms training to its members with", "id": "8809830" }, { "contents": "Frank Hugh O'Donnell\n\n\nclaimed credit for inventing the tactic of obstructionism which was to yield such results for the Home Rule League under Charles Stewart Parnell. Indeed, O'Donnell saw himself as a natural leader and became disillusioned when Parnell was selected in May 1880 to succeed William Shaw as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. He called the British 'Imperial pirates' and inaugurated the Constitutional Society of India. Its aim was Home Rule for India, 'Mr O'Donnell's grand passion in politics was a confederation of all the discontented races of the Empire under the", "id": "723249" }, { "contents": "Shyamji Krishna Varma\n\n\ncomplete independence of India. Shyamji made his debut in Indian politics by publishing the first issue of his English monthly, \"The Indian Sociologist,\" an organ and of political, social and religious reform. This was an assertive, ideological monthly aimed at inspiring mass opposition to British rule, which stimulated many intellectuals to fight for the independence of India. On 18 February 1905, Shyamji inaugurated a new organisation called The Indian Home Rule Society. The first meeting, held at his Highgate home, unanimously decided to found The Indian", "id": "11546928" }, { "contents": "1840s\n\n\nmonarchs. Siam seized the opportunity to intervene as the tide of Khmer discontent rose against Vietnamese rule. King Rama III ruled Siam during the 1840s under the Chakri Dynasty in Bangkok. Emperors Minh Mạng, Thiệu Trị and Tự Đức ruled Vietnam during the 1840s under the Nguyễn dynasty. The First Anglo-Afghan War had started in 1838, started by the British as a means of defending India (under British control at the time) from the Russian Empire's expansion into Central Asia. The British attempted to impose a puppet regime", "id": "15883556" }, { "contents": "History of Gujarat\n\n\nIndia during Mughal rule. Later in the 18th century, Gujarat came under control of the Maratha Empire who dominated the politics of India. The British East India Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Many local rulers, notably the Gaekwads of Baroda, made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. Gujarat was placed under the political authority of the Bombay Presidency, with the exception of Baroda state, which had a", "id": "5730084" }, { "contents": "Zamindars of Bengal\n\n\nfor the British East India Company in the rich province of Bengal only, the Battle of Buxar is really the battle that secured its political ascendancy in India. The Viceroyalty and later direct Royal British Rule over Bengal started as the British being given the Jemmidarship (British diminutive of the word \"zamindari\") by the Rulers of Bengal. In 1877, the title of Emperor of India of the Mughal Royal Family (\"Imperial House of Timur\") went to the British Royal family, first to Queen Victoria (1877-", "id": "275296" }, { "contents": "Manusmriti\n\n\nthe ancient and medieval Indian society. In the 18th century, the earliest British of the East India Company acted as agents of the Mughal emperor. As the British colonial rule took over the political and administrative powers in India, it was faced with various state responsibilities such as legislative and judiciary functions. The East India Company, and later the British Crown, sought profits for its British shareholders through trade as well as sought to maintain effective political control with minimal military engagement. The administration pursued a path of least resistance, relying", "id": "6117841" }, { "contents": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad\n\n\nover the territories which were under the direct rule of the British East India Company in 1858, which marked the beginning of the British Raj. These territories, including the territory of the Nawab Nazims came under the direct rule of the British Crown and British Raj was established in India. Thus, the Nawab Nizams remained just the titular heads of their territory, which was now ruled by the British Crown, and they had no political or any other kind of control over the territory. The last Nawab of Bengal, Mansoor Ali", "id": "4262341" }, { "contents": "Higher education in India\n\n\nparliament and later under direct British rule. The first institution of higher learning set up by the British East India Company was the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781. This was followed by the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784, Benaras Sanskrit College in 1791 and Fort William College in 1800. With the Charter Act of 1813, the British Parliament officially declared Indian education as one of the duties of the state. The same act also removed restrictions on missionary work in British India, thus leading to the establishment of the evangelist Serampore College in", "id": "4970479" }, { "contents": "History of Balochistan\n\n\nsuzerainty\" was never explained although the Khan saw it as a triumph. Scholar Ian Talbot states that the British Baluchistan was socially and economically underdeveloped compared to other parts of British India with an extremely low literacy rate and a mainly rural population. The province was also politically backward. During British rule Baluchistan was under the rule of a Chief Commissioner and did not have the same status as other provinces of British India. Yet it was an important province for the All-India Muslim League which, under Muhammad Ali Jinnah, proposed", "id": "10411850" }, { "contents": "Economic Deindustrialisation of India\n\n\nThe Economic Deindustrialisation of India refers a period of reduction in industrial based activities within the Indian economy from 1757 to 1947. The deindustrialisation of India started when the Indian economy was colonoised under the British Empire. The Indian Economy was ruled under the British East Indian Company Rule from 1757 to 1858. This ruling period mainly involved British protectionist policies, restricting sales of Indian goods and services within Britain while exposing Indian markets to British goods and services, without tariffs and quotas. By the 19th century, the British empire had overtaken the", "id": "13904088" }, { "contents": "John Nicholson (East India Company officer)\n\n\nBrigadier John Nicholson (11 December 1821 – 23 September 1857) was a British Victorian era military officer known for his role in British India. Born in Ireland, Nicholson moved to India at a young age and obtained a commission in the East India Company where he spent the majority of his life helping to expand British rule on the Company Raj's periphery in numerous conflicts such as the First Anglo-Afghan War and the First and Second Anglo-Sikh War. Nicholson created a legend for himself as a political officer under Henry", "id": "17227950" }, { "contents": "Early Nationalists\n\n\n\" as he was the one who guided Mahatma Gandhi to travel around India in order to fight against the British, was one of the social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and founder of the Servants of India Society. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and also social reform. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress", "id": "5090140" }, { "contents": "Assam Sahitya Sabha\n\n\nplaces. Till 1826 AD. Assam was ruled mainly by Ahom and Koch dynasties. In 1826, Assam came under the rule of the British, and in the process it had become a part of the political map of India. Of course Assam was always an integral part of the cultural map of India. However, the history of modern Assam, modern Assamese language and literature and culture found their starting points in the early part of the 19th century. Since 1872 some efforts were made to build up some organisations to work", "id": "15904978" }, { "contents": "Mizo Union\n\n\nMizo Union (6 April 1946 – 12 January 1974) was the first political party in Mizoram, northeast India. It was founded on 6 April 1946 at Aizawl as the Mizo Common People's Union. At the time of independence of India from the british rule in india in 1947, the party was the only political force in the Lushai Hills (former name of Mizoram). It won the first Mizoram District Council general election under the new Indian Union in 1951, and consecutively in 1957, 1962 and 1966. However", "id": "4147926" }, { "contents": "Direct rule\n\n\n\"India\" in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The \"de facto\" political amalgamation was also called the \"Indian Empire\" and after 1876 issued passports under that name. As India, it was a of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and", "id": "7175288" }, { "contents": "Residencies of British India\n\n\npower of the East India Company. After the establishment of Crown rule of British India in 1858, the indigenous States ruled by the Indian princes retained their internal autonomy in terms of political and administrative control, while their external relations and defence became the responsibility of the Crown. An area over two-fifths of the Indian subcontinent was administered by native princes, although nothing like such a high proportion in terms of population. The continuation of Princely rule allowed the British to concentrate their resources on the more economically significant areas under their", "id": "6460033" }, { "contents": "History of Patna\n\n\nThe diwani rights were legally granted by Shah Alam, who was then ruling sovereign Mughal emperor of Undivided India. The Battle of Buxar, which was fought hardly 115 km from Patna, heralded the establishment of the rule of the British East India Company in East India. During the rule of the British East India Company in Bihar, Patna emerged as one of the most important commercial and trading centers of the East India, preceded only by Kolkata. Under the British Raj, Patna gradually started to attain its lost glory and emerged", "id": "13133002" }, { "contents": "Dalit Buddhist movement\n\n\n, traditionally the most oppressed and marginalized group in Indian society. He was the fourteenth child in an impoverished Maharashtra Dalit family, who studied abroad, returned to India in the 1920s and joined the political movement. His focus was social and political rights of the Dalits. During 1931–32, the Mahatma Gandhi led Indian independence movement held discussions with the British government over the Round Table Conferences. They sought constitutional reforms as a preparation to the end of colonial British rule, and begin the self-rule by Indians. The British side", "id": "16793388" }, { "contents": "Gurusaday Dutt\n\n\n-reliant. Saroj Nalini Dutt, who became an eminent Social Worker in her own right, was inspired by Gurusaday to start Mahila Samitis (Women’s Institutes) as early as 1913, at Pabna district in British India, where he was then the District Magistrate. In 1918, he started the first Rural Reconstruction Movement in India in Birbhum. He then extended the movement to several districts where he was subsequently posted, like Bankura, Howrah and Mymensingh. This movement was a bold and unique India that was under British Rule", "id": "8366334" }, { "contents": "History of Pakistan\n\n\ntheir misls appeared to be coming into their own. The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the disbandment of the Sikh Khalsa Army by the time of coronation of Ranjit Singh in 1801, creating a unified political state. All the misl leaders who were affiliated with the Army were from Punjab's nobility. Most of the territory of modern Pakistan was occupied beginning first by the East India Company – and continued under the post-Sepoy Mutiny (1857-1858) direct rule of Queen Victoria of the British Empire – through", "id": "3791854" }, { "contents": "Colonial Assam\n\n\nColonial Assam (1826–1947) refers to the period of History of Assam between the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo and Independence of India when Assam was under the British colonial rule. The political institutions and social relations that were established or severed during this period continue to have a direct effect on contemporary events. The legislature and political alignments that evolved by the end of the British rule continued in the post Independence period. The immigration of farmers from East Bengal and tea plantation workers from Central India continue to affect contemporary politics, most", "id": "9230650" }, { "contents": "British Empire\n\n\nmilitary and political power in India. France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, ending French hopes of controlling India. In the following decades the British East India Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys. The British and French struggles in India became but one theatre of the global Seven Years'", "id": "4474919" }, { "contents": "Education in Kottayam district\n\n\nKottayam district is a centre of education in Kerala state. The Orthodox Theological Seminary (Orthodox Pazhaya Seminary) at Chungam was the first institution to teach English in South India. It was founded in 1815 by Colonel John Monroe. The C.M.S High School (which later became the Church Missionary Society College High School) was founded by the British missionary, Benjamin Bailey. The first college in Kerala state and the second established under British rule in India was the C.M.S. College (Grammar School) (1840). Mahatma Gandhi University is", "id": "7103635" }, { "contents": "Political integration of India\n\n\nAt the time of Indian independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining in the hands of their hereditary rulers. The latter included 552 princely states, having different types of revenue sharing arrangements with the British, often depending on their size, population and local conditions. In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal. The political integration of these territories into", "id": "20652967" }, { "contents": "Bangkok Conference\n\n\nand the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere with a free India. The Indian Independence League was a political organisation operated from the 1920s to the 1940s to organize those living outside of India into seeking the removal of British colonial rule over India. Some accounts indicate it was founded in 1928 by Indian nationalists Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru, By the start of the war the organisation was located in various parts of South-East Asia and included Indian expatriates, and later, Indian nationalists in-exile under Japanese occupation following", "id": "14916400" }, { "contents": "Insurgency in Balochistan\n\n\nway for the formation of new political parties, Balochistan Muslim League allied to the Muslim League in June 1939 and Anjuman-i-Watan allied to the Indian National Congress in the same year. During British rule Balochistan was under the rule of a Chief Commissioner and did not have the same status as other provinces of British India . The Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the period 1927-1947 strived to introduce reforms in Balochistan to bring it on par with other provinces of British India. During the Pakistan Movement, public", "id": "21079231" }, { "contents": "History of Bangladesh\n\n\non the rivers with the construction of bridges and railways. Improvements in technology aided communications. Despite the government's authoritarian form, the British tried out limited democratic systems in the later part of their rule due to political constraints. A vital development under British rule was the rise of Calcutta to political and cultural prominence. It became colonial India's capital. From 1757 to 1931 the Government of India was located in the city. Aspiring Bengalis migrated to Calcutta and obtained education and government employment. They are known to historians as the", "id": "18489122" }, { "contents": "India–Malta relations\n\n\ncommunity of about 45 Sindhi Indian families, that traces its roots to migration of Sindhi traders starting around 1887 under British colonial rule of Malta. Malta did not attract people from any other part of India although Maltese have a continued presence in India since 1800 AD. On the partition of India by the British in 1947, Sindh was given to Muslim dominated Pakistan thus many Hindus in Sindh province fled and went to whichever country that was willing to take them that included Malta. While both countries were under British rule, Malta served", "id": "14922342" }, { "contents": "Theosophy and politics\n\n\n-India Home Rule League, founded by Annie Besant. According to Richard Hodgson, an author of the well-known \"Hodgson Report\", Blavatsky's \"function in India was to foster as widely as possible among the natives a disaffection towards British rule.\" In his article in \"The Age\" (1885), he noted that her influence has spread far beyond of the Theosophical Society. And further: \"When she returned to India at the end of last [1884] year an address of sympathy was", "id": "12726742" }, { "contents": "Assamese Response to Regionalism\n\n\nAssamese Response To Regionalism is a book based on a study on Electoral Politics of Assam. The book is authored by Chandra Nath Baruah and published by Mittal Publications in 2009. Regionalism has been playing an influential role in the political process of India. As India is a 'diverse' society of heterogeneous regional specialties, so the regional urges are bound to be reflected in the political process. However, it emanates, essentially from the socio-cultural, economic and political dimension. Assamese regionalism since the British rule, has been", "id": "5711377" }, { "contents": "Jawaharlal Nehru\n\n\n. The British Indian Empire, which included present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, was divided into two types of territories: the Provinces of British India, which were governed directly by British officials responsible to the Viceroy of India; and princely states, under the rule of local hereditary rulers who recognised British suzerainty in return for local autonomy, in most cases as established by a treaty. Between 1947 and about 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union under Nehru and Sardar Patel.", "id": "16432517" }, { "contents": "British Raj\n\n\nThe British Raj (; from \"rāj\", literally, \"rule\" in Sanskrit and Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states", "id": "20440009" }, { "contents": "Liaquat Ali Khan\n\n\nAli Khan was called to join the Inner Temple, one of the Inns of Court in London. He was called to the Bar in 1922 by one of his English law professor, and starting his practices in law as an advocate. Ali Khan returned to his homeland India in 1923, entering in national politics, determining to eradicate to what he saw as the injustice and ill-treatment of Indian Muslims under the British Indian Government and the British Government. His political philosophy strongly emphasised a divided India, first gradually believing in", "id": "10022154" }, { "contents": "Political history of Sri Aurobindo\n\n\nthough, were inconsequential. After his return to India, he started working to bring about a revolutionary change in the political situation in India. He came to believe that the only way to free India from the British yoke was that the common people and not just the elite that composed the erstwhile Congress, should embark upon a total revolution. Aurobindo espoused a threefold approach to this end : At the beginning of 20th century Bengal had become the central hub for voices against the British Rule and during his vacations to meet his family", "id": "18845131" }, { "contents": "Lokman Khan Sherwani\n\n\nLokman Khan Sherwani (14 August 1910 – 27 August 1969) was an activist of the Indian independence movement under the British rule. He was a Bengali poet and journalist. Lokman Khan Sherwani was married to Shobnom Khanam Sherwani, who was also an active member of the Forward Block. He served as the provincial vice-president of the All India Forward Block under its founder Subhas Chandra Bose who continued to call for the full and immediate independence of India from British rule. Sherwani served in many political activities, including (but", "id": "8363349" }, { "contents": "History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\n\n\nDeputy-Commissioner, formed part of the Leiah Division till 1861, when two Deputy-Commissioners were appointed and both Districts were included in the Derajat Division, an arrangement maintained until the formation of the North-West Frontier Province. The province was created during the colonial rule of the British empire and was a province of British India. As a province of British India it had an area of , of which only 13,193 was under direct control of the British, the remainder occupied by the tribes under the political control of the", "id": "3709142" }, { "contents": "Urdu\n\n\nspecialized vocabulary, spoken Urdu is mutually intelligible with standard Hindi, another recognized register of Hindustani. The Urdu variant of Hindustani received recognition and patronage under British rule when the British replaced the local official languages with English and Hindustani written in Nastaʿlīq script, as the official language in North and Northwestern India. Religious, social, and political factors pushed for a distinction between Urdu and Hindi in India, leading to the Hindi–Urdu controversy. According to Nationalencyklopedin's 2010 estimates, Urdu is the 21st most spoken first language in the", "id": "13712477" }, { "contents": "History of propaganda\n\n\nthe Girondists distributed broadsheets among enemy troops offering them rewards for desertion. Propaganda as generally understood, is a modern phenomenon that emerged from the creation of literate and politically active societies informed by a mass media, where governments increasingly saw the necessity for swaying public opinion in favour of its policies. During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era Propaganda was among the first of the Modern Period. A notable example was perhaps during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, where Indian sepoys rebelled against the British East India Company's rule in India. Incidents", "id": "10645210" }, { "contents": "Economic Deindustrialisation of India\n\n\ncrops including maize and tobacco. The Company Rule in India refers to areas in the Indian subcontinent which were under the rule of British East Indian Company. The East Indian Company began its rule over the Indian subcontinent starting with the Battle of Plessey, which ultimately led to the vanquishing of the Bengal Subah and the founding of the Bengal Presidency in 1765, one of the largest subdivisions of British India. Capital amassed from Bengal following the Battle of Plessey assisted in investment in textile manufacturing during textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution , increasing", "id": "13904091" }, { "contents": "Mir Jafar\n\n\nSyed Mir Jafar Ali Khan Bahadur(Urdu: غدار) ( – 5 February 1765) was the first dependent Nawab of Bengal with support from the British East India Company. He was the second son of Sayyid Ahmad Najafi. His rule is widely considered the start of British imperialism in India and was a key step in the eventual British domination of vast areas of the subcontinent. Mir Jafar served as the commander of Bengali forces under Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, but betrayed him during the Battle of Plassey and succeeded", "id": "16301532" }, { "contents": "Political warfare in British colonial India\n\n\n, in morals, and in intellect.\" The Indian civil service (ICS) held nearly every senior, non-military, position in the government and through the creation of a new ruling caste, and propaganda, \"invented an ideology of imperial service and amassed a scholarly literature in which India’s history, society, economy and culture were interpreted as a story of chaos from which only the \"steel frame\" of Civilian [Indian Civil Service] rule had been able to save them.\" In 1885 after the", "id": "15971093" }, { "contents": "Bengalis\n\n\nthe Battle of Plassey. In Bengal effective political and military power was transferred from the old regime to the British East India Company around 1757–65. Company rule in India began under the Bengal Presidency. Calcutta was named the capital of British India in 1772. The presidency was run by a military-civil administration, including the Bengal Army, and had the world's sixth earliest railway network. Great Bengal famines struck several times during colonial rule, notably the Great Bengal famine of 1770 and Bengal famine of 1943, each killing millions", "id": "19995399" }, { "contents": "Bengal\n\n\nand defeated the last independent Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. In Bengal effective political and military power was transferred from the old regime to the British East India Company around 1757–65. Company rule in India began under the Bengal Presidency. Calcutta was named the capital of British India in 1772. The presidency was run by a military-civil administration, including the Bengal Army, and had the world's sixth earliest railway network. Great Bengal famines struck several times during colonial rule (notably the Great Bengal famine", "id": "4734071" }, { "contents": "Young Men's Buddhist Association (Burma)\n\n\nstarted its first open campaign against British rule in 1916, and after many protests obtained a ruling that abbots could impose dress codes on all visitors to Buddhists monasteries. The organisation split in 1918 when older members insisted that it should remain apolitical, whilst younger members sought to enter the political sphere, sending a delegation to India to meet the Viceroy and Secretary of State to request the separation of Burma from India. Further lobbying delegations were sent to London in 1919 and 1920. Following its key involvement in the 1920 student strike,", "id": "12778447" }, { "contents": "History of Mizoram\n\n\nheadquarters. The process of the consolidation of the British administration in tribal dominated area in Assam started in 1919 when Lushai Hills, along with some of the other hill districts, was declared a \"Backward Tract\" under the 1919 Government of India Act. The tribal districts of Assam including Lushai Hills were declared \"Excluded Area\" in 1935. It was during the British regime that a political awakening among the Mizos in Lushai Hills started taking shape the first political party, the Mizo Common People's Union was formed on 9 April", "id": "3405256" }, { "contents": "Early Nationalists\n\n\nthem. They also trained people in politics by popularising the ideas of democracy, civil liberties, secularism and nationalism .The Early Nationalists did pioneering work by exposing the true nature of British rule in India. They made the people realise the economic content and character of British imperialism. In doing so, they weakened the foundations of British rule in India. Their political and economic programmes established the idea that India must be ruled in the interest of the Indians. The efforts of the Early Nationalists also led to the implementation of various social", "id": "5090130" }, { "contents": "Tej Bahadur Sapru\n\n\nthe evolution of the Indian Constitution. For the first time in the history of India, it proposed uniting the princely states with the rest of India as a part of the federal polity. The Constitution was finally ratified in 20 years later. Although initially a member of the Indian National Congress, India's largest political party, Sapru left it to join the Liberal party of India. While he supported \"Swaraj\" (Self Rule) and civil disobedience against British colonial rule, as a constitutionalist, Sapru advocated for greater political", "id": "11573155" }, { "contents": "Alleged British use of chemical weapons in Mesopotamia in 1920\n\n\ncommander should observe \"the rules of justice and humanity\" according to his own individual discretion. Some gas shells and protective clothing were shipped to India in July 1919, with a further small shipment in January 1920, for use on the North-West Frontier. However, a requisition for 16,000 shells and 10,000 gas masks was blocked by Lord Sinha, the Under-Secretary of State for India. He believed that a first use of chemical weapons by British/Indian forces would have serious implications, both moral and political,", "id": "13998236" }, { "contents": "Presidencies and provinces of British India\n\n\nincluded over 77% of the population. In addition, there were Portuguese and French exclaves in India. Independence from British rule was achieved in 1947 with the formation of two nations, the Dominions of India and Pakistan, the latter also including East Bengal, present-day Bangladesh. The term \"British India\" also applied to Burma for a shorter time period: starting in 1824, a small part of Burma, and by 1886, almost two-thirds of Burma had come under British India. This arrangement lasted until", "id": "8720978" }, { "contents": "First Anglo-Afghan War\n\n\nBritish were not offering him a big enough bribe. Unlike Stoddart, Dost Mohammad was able to escape from the dungeon in August 1840 and fled south to Afghanistan. The majority of the British troops returned to India, leaving 8,000 in Afghanistan, but it soon became clear that Shuja's rule could only be maintained with the presence of a stronger British force. The Afghans resented the British presence and the rule of Shah Shuja. As the occupation dragged on, the East India Company's first political officer William Hay Macnaghten allowed his", "id": "21290922" }, { "contents": "History of Myanmar\n\n\n1824–85) eventually led to British colonial rule. British rule brought several enduring social, economic, cultural and administrative changes that completely transformed the once-agrarian society. Most importantly, British rule highlighted out-group differences among the country's myriad ethnic groups. Since independence in 1948, the country has been in one of the longest running civil wars involving insurgent groups representing political and ethnic minority groups and successive central governments. The country was under military rule under various guises from 1962 to 2010, and in the process has become", "id": "16566395" }, { "contents": "History of Bombay under British rule (1661–1947)\n\n\npublic meeting at Gowalia Tank. The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 18 February 1946 in Bombay marked the first and most serious revolt by the Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy against British rule. On 15 August 1947, finally India was declared independent. The last British troops to leave India, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed through the arcade of the Gateway of India in Bombay on 28 February 1948. The 282-year-long period of the British period in Bombay ended after India's Independence in 1947.", "id": "16402930" }, { "contents": "Lahijan\n\n\nMirza known as \"Kashef-ol-Saltaneh\" who was born in Lahijan was the first mayor of Tehran. As the Iranian ambassador to India under British rule, he knew the British would not allow him to learn about the secrets of tea production, as it was their biggest business in India at the time. So being fluent in French, the prince pretended to be a French laborer and started to work in the tea plantations and factories to learn how to produce tea. Ultimately his plan was to take back some", "id": "20434023" }, { "contents": "History of Ahmedabad\n\n\ndecline (1511–1572) when the capital was transferred to Champaner. For next 135 years (1572–1707), the city renewed greatness under the early rulers of Mughal Empire. The city suffered due to political instability (1707–1817) under late Mughal rulers followed by joint rule between Maratha and Mughal. The city further suffered following joint Maratha rule. The city again progressed when politically stabilized when British East India Company established the rule in the city (1818–1857). The city further renewed growth when it gain political freedom by establishment of municipality", "id": "22204845" }, { "contents": "Gomdhar Konwar\n\n\nIn 1828, Gomdhar Konwar (Assamese: গোমধৰ কোঁৱৰ), a prince of the Ahom royal family, his colleague Dhanjay Borgohain and their followers rose in revolt against the British occupation of Assam. By end of 1828 the process extension of British dominion into Assam was completed. With the assumption of the political power by the officers of the East India Company, the ruling Ahom monarchy lost not only their political authority but social privileges too. The feudal structure of the society began to crumble as new measures were adopted by the colonial", "id": "6705999" }, { "contents": "Colonial Development and Welfare Acts\n\n\nThe Colonial Development and Welfare Acts were a series of acts implemented by the British parliament. Following the First World War, a group of European settlers emerged in Kenya, known as the Happy Valley set. Under the political guidance of Lord Delamere they sought to ensure that colonial policy suited the interests of these White settlers. However, with a certain amount of migration from the sub-continent of India, then under British rule, the racial exclusivity of the prime areas for settling came into dispute, and in 1923 Lord Devonshire", "id": "19627547" }, { "contents": "Rajbongshi people\n\n\nMughals of India. It should be mentioned here that the independent-minded Koches always tried to retain their sovereignty. In 1773, during the rule of Dharmendra Narayan Koch Behar came under British India by a treaty were British agreed to drive away the Bhutiyas from the Kingdom. Thus Kamrup Kamata Kingdom became a princely state of British India. The territories were gradually lost to the British due to various conspiracy and politics and when Koch Behar joined the Indian Domain on 28 August 1949 it was only a symbolic version of the vast Kamrup", "id": "9246750" }, { "contents": "Tamil nationalism\n\n\nin Tamilakam and parts of Sri Lanka. During the colonial period, the Tamil areas came under the rule of British India and Ceylon. This saw the end of the sovereignty of Tamils and reduced them to minority status under a political model implemented during the British Raj. Since the independence of India and Sri Lanka, Tamil separatist movements have been actively suppressed in both countries. A famous quote by Tamil poet Kannadasan about the Tamils as a stateless nation. Since the adoption of the Vaddukoddai Resolution in 1976 under the leadership of S.J.V.", "id": "8142814" }, { "contents": "Neo-Vedanta\n\n\n, then, avoids the obfuscating tendency to subsume advaitic but non-vedantic works under a 'Vedanta' or 'Advaita Vedanta' umbrella.\" Drawing on this broad pool of sources, after Muslim rule in India was replaced by British rule, Hindu religious and political leaders and thinkers responded to western colonialism and orientalism, contributing to the Indian freedom struggle and the modern national and religious identity of Hindus in the Republic of India. This societal aspect is covered under the term of Hindu reform movements. Among the main proponents of", "id": "225619" }, { "contents": "Undivided Kamrup district\n\n\nthe west of Manas had come under British rule following the transfer of the Bengal in 1765, and the British became concerned, leading to the First Anglo-Burmese War. In mid nineteenth century it was subsequently occupied by British East India Company. In 1826 CE, it became an district of British India, in the Brahmaputra Valley division of Eastern Bengal and Assam. During British rule, this settlement had been one of the peasant uprising center against the British. Armed peasants vowed to through British rule but eventually suppressed by British", "id": "2641213" }, { "contents": "Khan Abdul Ghani Khan\n\n\nof Ghani Khan. The Pakistan launch of the book took place in the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pukhtun Festival, in March 2015. The Afghanistan launch took place on 22 February 2016 by the Ministry of Information and Culture. Political Life and Imprisonment During a part of Ghani Khan's life, modern-day Pakistan did not exist. India was under British rule (hence called British India) and was fighting for its independence from the British. On August 15, 1947, India finally gained its independence. And a day before,", "id": "15906297" }, { "contents": "Economy of India under Company rule\n\n\nThe Economy of India under Company rule describes the economy of those regions (contemporaneously British India) that fell under Company rule in India during the years 1757 to 1858. The British East India Company began ruling parts of the Indian subcontinent beginning with the Battle of Plassey, which led to the conquest of Bengal Subah and the founding of the Bengal Presidency, before the Company expanded across most of the subcontinent up until the Indian Rebellion of 1857. A number of historians point to the colonization of India as a major factor in both", "id": "16461393" }, { "contents": "The Indian Sociologist\n\n\na mild stance in that \"India and England should sever their connection peaceably and part as friends\", it became more radical in 1907, actively advocating Swaraj (Home Rule) and organisation of the Society of Political Missionaries of India. This incurred police surveillance, a debate in the British House of Commons (30 July 1907) and a ban on import and sale of the journal in India from 19 September 1907. Krishnavarma had already departed in June 1907, remarking in the September issue: \"On the earnest advice of", "id": "21789034" }, { "contents": "Economic Deindustrialisation of India\n\n\nIndian economy as the world's largest textile manufacturer. From 1858, the Indian economy was ruled directly under the British Imperial Rule, also known as the Rule under the British Raj. India continued to be ruled directly under the British until the end of the deindustrialisation period in 1947. The Mughal Economy is well known for the building of the Mughal Road system, establishing the Rupee as a standardised currency, and the unification of the country. Prior to deindustrialisation, India was one of the largest economies in the world, accounting", "id": "13904089" }, { "contents": "Baran Khan Kudezai\n\n\nSawan had started guerrilla war against British invasion. However, there was no concept of political and democratic struggle in the tribal areas of Loralai, Zhob, Barkan. In 1936, Baran became involved in Anjuman-i-Watan, the democratic movement against British rule in India, which was founded by Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai's. This was the first organized democratic movement in the history of Loralai. By 1937, the movement had attracted a large following, demanding a separate homeland for Pashtuns. In 1938, Anjuman-i", "id": "18957968" }, { "contents": "History of Pakistan\n\n\na series of wars, the main ones being the Battle of Miani (1843) in Sindh, the gruelling Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–1849) and the Anglo-Afghan Wars (1839–1919), to remain a part of British Indian Empire until the independence in 1947. The physical presence of the British was minimal; they employed \"Divide and Rule\" political strategy to remain in power. The administrative units of British India under the tenancy or the sovereignty of either the East India Company or the British Crown lasted between 1612", "id": "3791855" }, { "contents": "Japanese conquest of Burma\n\n\nhaving been progressively occupied and annexed following three Anglo-Burmese wars in the 19th century. Initially governed as part of British India, Burma was formed into a separate colony under the Government of India Act 1935. Under British rule, there had been substantial economic development but the majority Bamar community was becoming increasingly restive. Among their concerns were the importation of Indian workers to provide a labour force for many of the new industries, and the erosion of traditional society in the countryside as land was used for plantations of export crops or", "id": "7406095" }, { "contents": "Media of India\n\n\n(1785), and \"The Bombay Herald\"(1789) soon followed. These newspapers carried news of the areas under the British rule. The \"Bombay Samachar\", founded in 1822 and printed in Gujarati is the oldest newspaper in Asia still in print. On May 30, 1826 \"Udant Martand\" (The Rising Sun), the first hindi-language newspaper published in India, started from Calcutta (now Kolkata), published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla. Currently India publishes about 1,000 hindi Dailies that have", "id": "17883887" }, { "contents": "Economic history of India\n\n\nimports and allow them access to markets in India. Starting in the 1830s, British textiles began to appear in—and then inundate—Indian markets, with the value of the textile imports growing from £5.2 million in 1850 to £18.4 million in 1896. The abolition of slavery encouraged Caribbean plantations to organize the import of South Asian labor. British colonial rule created an institutional environment that stabilized Indian society, while they stifled trade with the rest of the world. They created a well-developed system of railways, telegraphs", "id": "14833980" }, { "contents": "Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi\n\n\nRai Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi (Urdu:رائے امیر حبیب الله خان سعدی) (born 1909 – died 1989) was a Manj Rajput ruler of Talwan in Jalandhar District, Punjab, British India and a military officer who became a freedom fighter in British India and a political leader in Pakistan. He is known in the pre-1947 era for struggling against British rule in India and in favour of the Pakistan Movement and, in the post-1947 era for the restoration of democracy in Pakistan under various autocratic rulers. Amir (pronounced \"Ameer", "id": "12752368" }, { "contents": "Justice Party (India)\n\n\nconferences and other meetings symbolised the arrival of the SILF as a non-Brahmin political organisation. During 1916–20, the Justice party struggled against the Egmore and Mylapore factions to convince the British government and public to support communal representation for non-Brahmins in the presidency. Rajagopalachari's followers advocated non-cooperation with the British. In 1916, Annie Besant, the leader of the Theosophical Society became involved in the Indian Independence Movement and founded the Home Rule League. She based her activities in Madras and many of her political associates were", "id": "14113841" }, { "contents": "Amritsar\n\n\nwhole, too, there had been a spurt in political activity mainly owing to the emergence of two leaders: Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) who after a period of struggle against the British in South Africa, had returned to India in January 1915, and Annie Besant (1847–1933), head of the Theosophical Society of India, who on 11 April 1916 established the Home Rule League with autonomy for India as its goal. In December 1916, the Indian National Congress, at its annual session held at Lucknow, passed a resolution", "id": "6624912" }, { "contents": "History of the United Kingdom\n\n\nBritish East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, the \"La Compagnie française des Indes orientales\", during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. The British, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French and their Indian allies in the Battle of Plassey, leaving the Company in control of Bengal and a major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or indirectly via local puppet rulers under the threat of force of the", "id": "13052593" }, { "contents": "Politics of Myanmar\n\n\n1937. Burma (Myanmar) was ruled as a British colony from 1824 until 1948. While the Bamar heartland was directly administered, first as a part of India and then, from 1937, as British Burma, ethnic regions outside the heartland were allowed some measure of self-rule along the lines of the Princely States of India. This led to split loyalties among the various ethnic groups to outside powers in Burma either to the British or Japanese. The dominant ethnic group in Burma are the Bamar, who make up approximately", "id": "333037" }, { "contents": "Discrimination based on skin color\n\n\nideals and media that equate whiteness with modern and urban wealth and success. The legacies of European colonialism in India and Pakistan also influence the modern relations between light skin and power. Colorism in India has also been fueled due to the events under British colonial rule, where British officials consistently demeaned dark-skinned Indians and favored light-skinned Indians for jobs over dark-skinned Indians. As a result of hundreds of years of British colonial influence, remnants of the British tactics that exacerbated colorism still remain in Indian society. Other", "id": "2831273" }, { "contents": "Aritar, Sikkim\n\n\n(first political officer of Sikkim during British rule in India) in the year 1895. At the same premises Sikkim’s first treasury was built as well as Sikkim Police was raised and the first outpost started functioning in the year 1897. Aritar Gumpa : A monastery of the Kagyuapa order, considered as one of the holiest and oldest in Sikkim. The visitor’s can imbibe the tranquil air with splendour of monastic arts reflected in its traditional architecture, carved & painted murals and treasure of manuscripts and icons. Parbateyswar Shivalaya Mandir :", "id": "13107076" }, { "contents": "British Indian Association\n\n\n1837 by Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Radhakanta Deb, Ramkamal Sen and Bhabani Charan Mitra. It has been described as “the first organisation of Bengal with distinct political object.” The society virtually became defunct after the death of Debendranath Tagore. The British India Society was set up in 1839 in England primarily as a result of the efforts of William Adam, who had come to India and befriended Ram Mohan Roy. On his return to England he took up India’s cause. Others involved were George Thompson, William", "id": "18663884" }, { "contents": "Instrument of Accession\n\n\nThe Instrument of Accession was a legal document first introduced by the Government of India Act 1935 and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British paramountcy to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan created by the Partition of British India. 565 princely states existed in India during the period of British rule. These were not parts of British India proper, having never become possessions of the British Crown, but were tied to it in a system of subsidiary alliances. The Government of India", "id": "20770204" }, { "contents": "Coffee production in India\n\n\nquality of coffee in the cup.” To cover research specific to each coffee growing region covering different agro-climatic conditions, the following five research stations are fully functional under the overall control of the Central Coffee Research Institute. The India Coffee House chain was first started by the Coffee Board in early 1940s, during British rule. In the mid-1950s, the Board closed down the Coffee Houses, due to a policy change. However, the discharged employees then took over the branches, under the leadership of the then communist leader", "id": "21111225" }, { "contents": "Economic Deindustrialisation of India\n\n\neconomy under the British Raj refers to the period of the British's direct imperial rule over India from 1858 to 1947, which mainly arose due to revolt against the Company rule by Indians. This marked the formal conquest of India by the British. Under rule of the British Raj, the Indian economy was in a state of stagflation and further deindustrialisation while the British economy went through the Industrial Revolution. Several economic policies implemented by the British Raj also caused a severe decrease in Indian handicraft (and handiloom) sectors of the economy", "id": "13904095" }, { "contents": "Theosophy and politics\n\n\n. In December 1917, Besant presided over the session of INC. Prof. Catherine Wessinger noted that Besant was \"not only the first woman to be elected president of the Indian National Congress, but she was the first president to make that position into an active year-long job.\" Under her leadership, INC adopted, in particular, a resolution on the inadmissibility of social discrimination of untouchables. Bevir claimed as follows: \"Although the All-India Home Rule League remained independent of the Society, and although Besant generally", "id": "12726735" }, { "contents": "History of Sikkim\n\n\nCalcutta. In 1888, the Tibetans were defeated and northern Sikkim came under the rule of British India. The British established new landholdings in Sikkim, but released the Chogyal only to have him captured again in 1891. In 1894, the capital was shifted to Gangtok. In 1895, the Chogyal was released, but the British governors in India reneged on an agreement – the Ten Clauses Agreement – which returned sovereignty to Sikkim. The Political Officer in Sikkim, John Claude White, refused to return any sovereignty, and only let", "id": "7842449" }, { "contents": "History of Bombay under British rule (1661–1947)\n\n\nthe first-ever Indian railway line began operations between Bombay and neighbouring Tanna, over a distance of 21 miles. The first cotton mill in Bombay, the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company was established on 7 July 1854. The foundation of the University of Bombay in 1857 made it the first modern institution of higher education in India, along with the University of Calcutta. The Great Indian Peninsular Railway and the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) were started in 1860. The outbreak of the American Civil War", "id": "16402918" }, { "contents": "Political warfare in British colonial India\n\n\nto appease some of the nobles' concerns in the aftermath of the Indian Mutiny, princes were allowed to adopt heirs rather than have their estates automatically ceded to British control at their death. Direct rule required replacing of pre-existing political institutions and replacing them with centralised, territory-wide, and bureaucratic legal-administrative institutions that were controlled by colonial officials. Indirect rule was a form of colonial domination via collaboration with indigenous intermediaries who controlled regional political institutions. Colonial India was a mix of the two types of rule.", "id": "15971098" }, { "contents": "Khan Abdul Ghani Khan\n\n\non August 14, 1947, Pakistan had been born, becoming independent of British India. Hence, before all this independence, the Pashtuns who are now in Pakistan (all except the Swati Pashtuns, since Swat was an independent, princely state until 1964) were under the rule of British India before the partition of India and Pakistan. This is where and why Bacha Khan's work was significant. As for Ghani Khan, he was initially influenced by his father's political struggles and thus worked for the independence of the Pashtuns", "id": "15906298" }, { "contents": "Sri Aurobindo\n\n\nmany articles to \"Indu Prakash\" and had spoken as a chairman of the Baroda college board. He started taking an active interest in the politics of India's independence struggle against British rule, working behind the scenes as his position in the Baroda state administration barred him from an overt political activity. He linked up with resistance groups in Bengal and Madhya Pradesh , while travelling to these states. He established contact with Lokmanya Tilak and Sister Nivedita. Aurobindo often travelled between Baroda and Bengal, at first in a bid to re", "id": "13623486" }, { "contents": "Economy of India under the British Raj\n\n\nThe Indian economy under the British Rule describes the economy of India during the years of the British Rule, from 1858 to 1947. During this period, according to British economist Angus Maddison, India's share of the world economy collapsed from 24.4% to 4.2% between 1700 and 1950. India experienced deindustrialization. Compared to the Mughal Era, India during the British colonial era had a lower per-capita income, a large decline in the secondary sector, and lower levels of urbanisation. The subject of the economic impact of", "id": "19229855" }, { "contents": "Lhotshampa\n\n\nNepalese origin started to settle in uninhabited areas of southern Bhutan in 19th century. The first small groups of Nepalese emigrated primarily from eastern Nepal under Indian auspices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The beginning of Nepalese immigration largely coincided with Bhutan's political development: in 1885, Druk Gyalpo Ugyen Wangchuck consolidated power after a period of civil unrest and cultivated closer ties with the British in India. In 1910, the government of Bhutan signed a treaty with the British in India, granting them control over Bhutan's foreign relations", "id": "16105634" }, { "contents": "Economy of India under Company rule\n\n\nBritish cotton mill industry began to lobby the government to both tax Indian imports and allow them access to markets in India. Starting in the 1830s, British textiles began to appear in—and soon to inundate—the Indian markets, with the value of the textile imports growing from £5.2 million in 1850 to £18.4 million in 1896. The American Civil War too would have a major impact on India's cotton economy: with the outbreak of the war, American cotton was no longer available to British manufacturers; consequently,", "id": "16461417" }, { "contents": "India Unbound\n\n\nstart of an \"economic revolution\" that he believes \"may well be more important than the political revolution.\" The book starts with a brief history of 18th and 19th century India. Gurucharan Das starts with the augmentation of the railways in India, which was presumed to usher India into the industrial revolution. The book also points to the factors which led to the decline in the Indian economy under the British Raj. The ‘Spring of Hope’ (1942–65) describes the period in Indian history when it embarks upon as", "id": "1928244" }, { "contents": "History of Pune\n\n\nCompany, under the leadership of Mountstuart Elphinstone, in 1818. In 1818, Pune and rest of the Peshwa territories came under the control of the British East India Company. The company rule came to an end when in 1858, under the terms of Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Bombay Presidency, along with Pune and the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown. British rule over more than a century, saw huge changes that were seen in all spheres, social, economic,", "id": "809213" }, { "contents": "Direct rule\n\n\narmy forces invaded in 1994 and again in 1999 in response to the War of Dagestan. By early 2000, Russia almost completely destroyed Grozny and put Chechnya under direct control of Moscow. The Russian government declared that the conflict ended in 2002 but operations continued until 2009. Direct rule has occurred over India by the British Raj, and within India under the system of President's rule. The British Raj was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The region under British control was commonly called", "id": "7175287" }, { "contents": "Presidencies and provinces of British India\n\n\n1793, the Company gradually began to formally expand its territories across India. By the mid-19th century, and after the three Anglo-Maratha Wars the East India Company had become the paramount political and military power in south Asia, its territory held in trust for the British Crown. Company rule in Bengal from 1793, however, ended with the Government of India Act 1858 following the events of the Bengal Rebellion of 1857. From then known as British India, it was thereafter directly ruled by the British Crown as a colonial possession", "id": "8720976" }, { "contents": "Bartaman Bharat\n\n\nUdbodhan\". The Bengali essay \"Bartaman Bharat\" was first published in the \"Udbodhan\" in March 1899. In this essay Vivekananda briefly recounted and analyzed the entire history of India, from the time when Vedic priests used to be rulers of the society to the occupation of the country by the British. But, his main focus was on his contemporary India. He tried to describe how the society was first ruled by Vedic priests (\"Brahmin\"), who were followed by the mighty rulers, who had powers", "id": "22114081" }, { "contents": "Indian Independence League\n\n\nThe Indian Independence League (also known as IIL) was a political organisation operated from the 1920s to the 1940s to organise those living outside India into seeking the removal of British colonial rule over India. Founded in 1928 by Indian nationalists, the organisation was located in various parts of Southeast Asia and included Indian expatriates, and later, Indian nationalists in-exile under Japanese occupation following Japan's successful Malayan Campaign during the first part of the Second World War. During the Japanese Occupation in Malaya, the Japanese encouraged Indians in Malaya", "id": "14602349" }, { "contents": "Calcutta Film Society\n\n\na room in his home for the meetings. And despite tough censorship policies, under the \"Indian Cinematograph Act 1918\" of the British Raj, which still in enforced censorship rule to all gathering for cinema viewing, they survived low membership during the first five years viewing mainly Russian and European films. The society also started a bulletin designed by Ray, and several of his article were later published in the book, \"Our Films, Their Films\" (1972). Noted film personalities were invited to speak at the society", "id": "19528687" }, { "contents": "Religion in Varanasi\n\n\nmissionaries came to preach but it had no impact on the upper caste Hindus. It was only the lower class of the society, that too the untouchables, who embraced Christianity. However, with the end of British rule, Christianity did not expand any further in Varanasi. The city has 22 churches. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi (Latin: Varanasien(sis)) is located in the city under the Ecclesiastical province of Agra in India. St. Mary's Cathedral is notable. Under the Church of North India, which is", "id": "11397263" }, { "contents": "Dharampal\n\n\nmodern British and European scientific and cultural institutions, and fourthly, a rigorous study of the mechanisms by which Indian society had been shattered and cognitively colonised under the impact of British rule. A complete listing of his published works is compiled below. Whereas Dharampal's published oeuvre, in dispelling colonial myths about India's recent past, serves as a seminal and powerful inspiration for engaging in crucial reinterpretations about the nature of Indian society, the enormous portent of his research (much of which in the form of extensive notes and typed extracts", "id": "19196778" }, { "contents": "History of Gujarat\n\n\ncontrol over Baroda and other parts of Gujarat. The British East India Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1802–1803. Many local rulers, notably the Rajput Maratha Gaekwad Maharajas of Baroda (Vadodara), made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. Gujarat was placed under the political authority of the Bombay Presidency, with the exception of Baroda state, which had a direct relationship with the Governor-General of India", "id": "5730116" } ]

[ { "contents": "Analgesic\n\n\nexample, antihistamines including orphenadrine combat the release of histamine caused by many opioids. Stimulants such as methylphenidate, caffeine, ephedrine, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine work against heavy sedation and may elevate mood in distressed patients as do the antidepressants. The use of medicinal cannabis remains a debated issue. In patients with chronic or neuropathic pain, various other substances may have analgesic properties. Tricyclic antidepressants, especially clomipramine and amitriptyline, have been shown to improve pain in what appears to be a central manner. Nefopam is used in Europe", "id": "2024830" }, { "contents": "Off-label use\n\n\ntheir indicated purpose. Frequently, the standard of care for a particular type or stage of cancer involves the off-label use of one or more drugs. An example is the use of tricyclic antidepressants to treat neuropathic pain. This old class of antidepressants is now rarely used for clinical depression due to side effects, but the tricyclics are often effective for treating pain (e.g. neuropathy), as well as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) particularly in adults. Drug manufacturers market drugs for off-label use in a range of", "id": "15315826" }, { "contents": "Serotonin transporter\n\n\nLeuT, co-crystallized with tricyclic antidepressants in the vestibule leading from the extracellular space to the central substrate site it was inferred that this binding site did also represent the binding site relevant for antidepressant binding in SERT. However, studies on SERT showed that tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors bind to the central binding site overlapping the substrate binding site. The \"Drosophila\" dopamine transporter, which displays a pharmacology similar to SERT, was crystallized with tricyclic antidepressants and confirmed the earlier finding that the substrate binding site is also the", "id": "14534158" }, { "contents": "Antidepressants in Japan\n\n\n, sertraline with a share of 20% and fluvoxamine with a share of 15%. The Japan algorithm for mood disorders does not include many of the post-tricyclic antidepressants used as first-line antidepressants in Western countries for almost two decades, and recent studies are still comparing SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, even though tricyclics are clearly 2nd or 3rd line treatments in the West. Organon International and Meiji Seika have filed an application for approval of mirtazapine in Japan, a drug on the market in many Western countries since 1994.", "id": "5963959" }, { "contents": "Classification of mental disorders\n\n\nthat psychiatrists like to diagnose conditions they can treat, and gives examples of what he sees as prescribing patterns paralleling diagnostic trends, for example an increase in bipolar diagnosis once lithium came into use, and similar scenarios with the use of electroconvulsive therapy, neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, and SSRIs. He notes that there was a time when every patient seemed to have \"latent schizophrenia\" and another time when everything in psychiatry seemed to be \"masked depression\", and he fears that the boundaries of the bipolar spectrum concept, including", "id": "9054671" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds. Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been largely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake", "id": "12900249" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\nmoclobemide. However, tricyclic antidepressants are possibly more effective in treating melancholic depression than other antidepressant drug classes. Newer antidepressants are thought to have fewer and less severe side effects and are also thought to be less likely to result in injury or death if used in a suicide attempt, as the doses required for clinical treatment and potentially lethal overdose (see therapeutic index) are far wider in comparison. Nonetheless, the TCAs are commonly prescribed for treatment-resistant depression that has failed to respond to therapy with newer antidepressants, they also", "id": "12900253" }, { "contents": "Epigenetics of depression\n\n\n. BDNF is involved in depression through its effects on serotonin. BDNF has been shown to promote the development, function, and expression of serotonergic neurons. Because more active serotonin results in more positive moods, antidepressants work to increase serotonin levels. Tricyclic antidepressants generally work by blocking serotonin transporters in order to keep serotonin in the synaptic cleft where it is still active. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants antagonize serotonin receptors. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) such as miratzapine and tricyclic antidepressants such as imapramine both increased BDNF in the", "id": "21501267" }, { "contents": "Antidepressant\n\n\nof use as medications prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are particularly effective in treating atypical depression. They are also used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and several other disorders. Because of potentially lethal dietary and drug interactions, monoamine oxidase inhibitors have historically been reserved as a last line of treatment, used only when other classes of antidepressant drugs (for example selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants) have failed. MAOIs have been found to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia,", "id": "2088638" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\n\n\nTricyclic antidepressant overdose is poisoning caused by excessive medication of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) type. Symptoms may include elevated body temperature, blurred vision, dilated pupils, sleepiness, confusion, seizures, rapid heart rate, and cardiac arrest. If symptoms have not occurred within six hours of exposure they are unlikely to occur. TCA overdose may occur by accident or purposefully in an attempt to cause death. The toxic dose depends on the specific TCA. Most are non-toxic at less than 5 mg/kg except for desipramine", "id": "17403269" }, { "contents": "Medically unexplained physical symptoms\n\n\nhigh quality studies have been conducted examining the effectiveness of antidepressants in MUPS. Those antidepressants that have been investigated include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). For example, TCAs have effects on IBS, fibromyalgia, back pain, headaches, and possibly tinnitus, and single studies show a possible effect in chronic facial pain, non-cardiac chest pain, and interstitial cystitis. SSRIs are usually not effective or have only a weak effect. One exception is menopausal syndrome, where SSRIs are \"possibly", "id": "1347322" }, { "contents": "Major depressive episode\n\n\ndepression. Some of the main forms of psychotherapies used for treatment of a major depressive episode along with what makes them unique are included below: Medications used to treat depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and atypical antidepressants such as mirtazapine, which do not fit neatly into any of the other categories. Different antidepressants work better for different individuals. It is often necessary", "id": "11357368" }, { "contents": "Treatment of mental disorders\n\n\ntricyclic antidepressants which inhibit synaptic uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most frequently used antidepressant. These drugs share many similarities with the tricyclic antidepressants but are more selective in their action. The greatest risk of the SSRIs is an increase in violent and suicidal behavior, particularly in children and adolescents. In 2006 antidepressant sales worldwide totaled $15 billion USD and over 226 million prescriptions were given. As increasing evidence of the benefits of physical activity has become apparent, research on the mental benefits", "id": "7759591" }, { "contents": "Psychotic depression\n\n\nlower cortisol suppression). Those with psychotic depression also have higher ventricular-brain ratios than those with non-psychotic depression. Several treatment guidelines recommend either the combination of a second-generation antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic or tricyclic antidepressant monotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as the first-line treatment for unipolar psychotic depression. There is some evidence indicating that combination therapy with an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic is more effective in treating psychotic depression than either treatment alone or placebo. Pharmaceutical treatments can include tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, or", "id": "16734000" }, { "contents": "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor\n\n\n, which lets emergency medical personnel know what drugs to avoid. (E.g., adrenaline (epinephrine) dosage should be reduced by 75%, and duration is extended.) Tryptophan supplements should not be consumed with MAOIs as the potentially fatal serotonin syndrome may result. MAOIs should not be combined with other psychoactive substances (antidepressants, painkillers, stimulants, including prescribed, OTC and ‘controlled drugs’ etc.) except under expert care. Certain combinations can cause lethal reactions, common examples including SSRIs, tricyclics, MDMA, meperidine", "id": "789800" }, { "contents": "Management of depression\n\n\ntreatment because of the higher rate of side effects, and its use is specifically discouraged in children and adolescents. Fluoxetine is the only antidepressant recommended for people under the age of 18, though, if a child or adolescent patient is intolerant to fluoxetine, another SSRI may be considered. Evidence of effectiveness of SSRIs in those with depression complicated by dementia is lacking. Tricyclic antidepressants have more side effects than SSRIs (but less sexual dysfunctions) and are usually reserved for the treatment of inpatients, for whom the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline,", "id": "3147154" }, { "contents": "Anticholinergic\n\n\nantidepressant overdose, so a conduction delay (QRS 0.10 second) or suggestion of tricyclic antidepressant ingestion is generally considered a contraindication to physostigmine administration. Piracetam (and other racetams), α-GPC and choline are known to activate the cholinergic system and alleviate cognitive symptoms caused by extended use of anticholinergic drugs. Anticholinergics are classified according to the receptors that are affected: Examples of common anticholinergics: Plants of the Solanaceae family contain various anticholinergic tropane alkaloids, such as scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine. Physostigmine is one of only a", "id": "3327204" }, { "contents": "Opicapone\n\n\nare also interactions with drugs being metabolised by COMT (for example isoprenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, or dobutamine), tricyclic antidepressants and antidepressants of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor type. Possible pharmacokinetic interactions are with substrates of the liver enzyme CYP2C8, such as repaglinide, and the transporter protein SLCO1B1, such as simvastatin. Opicapone blocks the enzyme catechol-\"O\"-methyltransferase (COMT) effectively (90% at therapeutic doses), selectively and reversibly, and only outside the central nervous system. It dissociates slowly from COMT, resulting in a duration of action", "id": "8873784" }, { "contents": "Prevention of migraines\n\n\n(NSAIDs), tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), other antidepressants, and other specialized drug therapies. The US Headache Consortium lists five drugs as having medium to high efficacy: amitriptyline, divalproex, timolol, propranolol and topiramate. Lower efficacy drugs listed include aspirin, atenolol, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, fluoxetine, gabapentin, ketoprofen, metoprolol, nadolol, naproxen, nimodipine, verapamil and Botulinum A. Additionally, most antidepressants (tricyclic, SSRIs and others such as Bupropion) are listed as \"clinically efficacious based", "id": "5114007" }, { "contents": "Clomipramine\n\n\ncholinergic receptors by tricyclic antidepressants. Restarting the antidepressant and slow tapering is the treatment of choice for tricyclic antidepressant withdrawal. Some withdrawal symptoms may respond to anticholinergics, such as atropine or benztropine mesylate. Clomipramine overdose usually presents with the following symptoms: There is no specific antidote for overdose and all treatment is purely supportive and symptomatic. Treatment with activated charcoal may be used to limit absorption in cases of oral overdose. Anyone suspected of overdosing on clomipramine should be hospitalised and kept under close surveillance for at least 72 hours. Clomipramine has", "id": "748452" }, { "contents": "Duloxetine\n\n\nDPN is unclear. A systematic review noted that tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine and amitriptyline), traditional anticonvulsants and opioids have better efficacy than duloxetine. Duloxetine, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants have similar tolerability while the opioids caused more side effects. Another review in \"Prescrire International\" considered the moderate pain relief achieved with duloxetine to be clinically insignificant and the results of the clinical trials unconvincing. The reviewer saw no reason to prescribe duloxetine in practice. The comparative data collected by reviewers in \"BMC Neurology\" indicated that amitriptyline, other tricyclic", "id": "11595311" }, { "contents": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor\n\n\na result, SSRIs have fewer side effects. There appears to be no significant difference in effectiveness between SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, which were the most commonly used class of antidepressants before the development of SSRIs. However, SSRIs have the important advantage that their toxic dose is high, and, therefore, they are much more difficult to use as a means to commit suicide. Further, they have fewer and milder side effects. Tricyclic antidepressants also have a higher risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, which SSRIs lack. SSRIs act", "id": "13940180" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\n\n\nand the United Kingdom showed that between 8 and 12% of drug overdoses were following TCA ingestion. TCAs may be involved in up to 33% of all fatal poisonings, second only to analgesics. Another study reported 95% of deaths from antidepressants in England and Wales between 1993 and 1997 were associated with tricyclic antidepressants, particularly dothiepin and amitriptyline. It was determined there were 5.3 deaths per 100,000 prescriptions. Sodium channel blockers such as Dilantin should not be used in the treatment of TCA overdose as the Na+ blockade will increase the", "id": "17403279" }, { "contents": "Tolerability\n\n\nwill generally tolerate an immense amount of pain or discomfort during a chemotherapeutic study with the hope of prolonging survival or finding a cure, whereas patients experiencing a benign condition, such as a headache, will not. As an example, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are very poorly tolerated and often produce severe side effects including sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic effects, whereas newer antidepressants have far fewer adverse effects and are well tolerated. Drug tolerability should not be confused with drug tolerance, which refers to subjects' reduced reaction to", "id": "15760543" }, { "contents": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor\n\n\nalso found no association with ADHD, but did find an association with increased rates of depression diagnoses in early adolescence. SSRIs appear safer in overdose when compared with traditional antidepressants, such as the tricyclic antidepressants. This relative safety is supported both by case series and studies of deaths per numbers of prescriptions. However, case reports of SSRI poisoning have indicated that severe toxicity can occur and deaths have been reported following massive single ingestions, although this is exceedingly uncommon when compared to the tricyclic antidepressants. Because of the wide therapeutic index of", "id": "13940161" }, { "contents": "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor\n\n\nstill underutilized despite demonstrated efficacy. New research also questions the validity of the perceived severity of dietary reactions, which has been based on outdated research. Despite this, many psychiatrists still reserve monoamine oxidase inhibitors as a last line of treatment, used only when other classes of antidepressant drugs (for example selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants) have failed. MAOIs have been found to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia, atypical depression or mixed anxiety disorder and depression, bulimia, and post-", "id": "789794" }, { "contents": "Entacapone\n\n\ninteraction with other drugs. In theory, it could interact with MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors because they also increase catecholamine levels in the body, with drugs being metabolized by COMT (for example methyldopa, dobutamine, apomorphine, adrenaline, and isoprenaline), with iron because it could form chelates, with substances binding to the same albumin site in the blood plasma (for example diazepam and ibuprofen), and with drugs being metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2C9 (for example warfarin). None of the medications", "id": "6784981" }, { "contents": "Panic attack\n\n\n(SSRIs), serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and MAO inhibitors (MAOIs). SSRIs in particular tend to be the first drug treatment used to treat panic attacks. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants appear similar for short-term efficacy. SSRIs carry a relatively low risk due to the fact that they are not associated with much of a tolerance or dependence, and are difficult to overdose with. TCAs are similar to SSRIs in their many advantages, but", "id": "14576876" }, { "contents": "Treatments for PTSD\n\n\nas pharmacotherapy, is widely used as a treatment for PTSD. Drug therapy is considered less time consuming and easier to continue than psychotherapy (talk therapy). The only two medications for PTSD that are approved by the FDA are sertraline and paroxetine, both antidepressants of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) class. Antidepressants are widely used in the treatment of PTSD and have consistently shown efficacy, though the magnitude of improvement is often modest. The most popular types of antidepressants are SSRIs, atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs", "id": "20052295" }, { "contents": "Postherpetic neuralgia\n\n\nneuralgia pain. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as nortriptyline or desipramine, are effective in reducing postherpetic neuralgia pain but are limited by their numerous side effects. For every three people treated with a tricyclic antidepressant, one person is expected to have a clinically significant reduction in their pain (NNT=3). Additionally, of every sixteen people treated with a TCA, one person is expected to stop the medication due to a bothersome side effect, such as dry mouth, constipation, or urinary retention (number needed to harm=16)", "id": "18825176" }, { "contents": "Propizepine\n\n\nPropizepine (brand names Depressin, Vagran) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in France for the treatment of depression which was introduced in the 1970s. Condensation of 2-chloronicotinic acid (2) with \"o\"-phenylenediamine (1) leads directly to the tricyclic lactam (3) Although the reaction involves amide formation and nucleophilic aromatic displacement of chlorine, the order of these steps is not known. Alkylation of the anion obtained by treatment if 3 with the 1-chloro-2-dimethylaminopropane (4) affords the antidepressant compound propizepine (5). The last", "id": "347847" }, { "contents": "Reuptake\n\n\n-term exposure led to a down-regulation of binding sites. These results suggest some mechanism for long-term changes in the pre-synaptic neuron after drug therapy. Horschitz et al. found that after removing citalopram from the system, normal levels of SERT binding site expression returned. Depression has been suggested to be a result of a decrease of serotonin found in the synapse. This theory has been supported by the successful reduction of depressive symptoms after administration of tricyclic antidepressants (such as desipramine) and SSRIs. Tricyclic antidepressants", "id": "10085228" }, { "contents": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n\n\nGabapentin, pregabalin, and tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline) can be used for neuropathic pain, while nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and opioids can be used for nociceptive pain. Depression can be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants, while benzodiazepines can be used for anxiety. There are no medications to treat cognitive impairment/frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, SSRIs and antipsychotics can help treat some of the symptoms of FTD. Baclofen and tizanidine are the most commonly", "id": "10408577" }, { "contents": "Tourette syndrome\n\n\ntic disorders. Drugs from several other classes of medications can be used when stimulants fail, including guanfacine (trade name Tenex), atomoxetine (Strattera) and tricyclic antidepressants. Clomipramine (Anafranil), a tricyclic, and SSRIs—a class of antidepressants including fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and fluvoxamine (Luvox)—may be prescribed when a Tourette's patient also has symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Several other medications have been tried, but evidence to support their use is unconvincing. Because children with tics often", "id": "11649788" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\ninhibit sodium channels and -type calcium channels, and therefore act as sodium channel blockers and calcium channel blockers, respectively. The former property is responsible for the high mortality rate upon overdose seen with the TCAs via cardiotoxicity. It may also be involved in their efficacy as analgesics, however. In summary, tricyclic antidepressants can act through NMDA antagonism, opioidergic effects, sodium, potassium and calcium channel blocking, through interfering with the reuptake of serotonin and acting as antagonists to SHAM (serotonin, histamine, alpha, muscarinic) receptors.", "id": "12900269" }, { "contents": "Hs and Ts\n\n\n. Tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cocaine, digoxin, aspirin, paracetamol/acetominophen. This may be evidenced by items found on or around the patient, the patient's medical history (i.e. drug abuse, medication) taken from family and friends, checking the medical records to make sure no interacting drugs were prescribed, or sending blood and urine samples to the toxicology lab for report. Treatment may include specific antidotes, fluids for volume expansion, vasopressors, sodium bicarbonate (for tricyclic antidepressants)", "id": "14753928" }, { "contents": "Tension headache\n\n\ntension type headaches the first-line preventative treatment is amitriptyline, whereas mirtazapine and venlafaxine are second-line treatment options. Tricyclic antidepressants appear to be useful for prevention. Tricyclic antidepressants have been found to be more effective than SSRIs but have greater side effects. Evidence is poor for the use of SSRIs, propranolol, and muscle relaxants for prevention of tension headaches. Treatment for a current tension headache is to drink water and confirm that there is no dehydration. If symptoms do not resolve within an hour for a person who has", "id": "15240802" }, { "contents": "Treatment of Tourette syndrome\n\n\nlower side effect profile than the neuroleptics. Stimulants and other medications may be useful in treating ADHD when it co-occurs with tic disorders. Drugs from several other classes of medications can be used when stimulant trials fail, including guanfacine (Tenex), atomoxetine (Strattera) and tricyclics. Clomipramine (Anafranil), a tricyclic antidepressant, and SSRIs—a class of antidepressants including fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and fluvoxamine (Luvox)—may be prescribed when a Tourette's patient also has symptoms of obsessive–compulsive", "id": "21268703" }, { "contents": "Atypical trigeminal neuralgia\n\n\npatient response to one of these medications might be considered as supporting evidence for the diagnosis, which is otherwise made from medical history and pain presentation. There are no present medical tests to conclusively confirm TN or ATN. If the anti-seizure drugs are found ineffective, one of the tricyclic antidepressant medications such as amitriptyline or nortriptyline, may be used. The tricyclic antidepressants are known to have dual action against both depression and neuropathic pain. Other drugs which may also be tried, either individually or in combination with an anti-", "id": "5594732" }, { "contents": "Diabetic neuropathy\n\n\n), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and capsaicin cream. About 10% of people who use capsaicin cream have a large benefit. A systematic review concluded that \"tricyclic antidepressants and traditional anticonvulsants are better for short term pain relief than newer generation anticonvulsants.\" A further analysis of previous studies showed that the agents carbamazepine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and amitriptyline were more effective than placebo, but that comparative effectiveness between each agent is unclear. The only three medications approved by the", "id": "696189" }, { "contents": "Clomipramine\n\n\nof tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Possible symptoms include: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, insomnia, headache, nervousness, anxiety, dizziness and worsening of psychiatric status. Differentiating between the return of the original psychiatric disorder and clomipramine withdrawal symptoms is important. Clomipramine withdrawal can be severe. Withdrawal symptoms can also occur in neonates when clomipramine is used during pregnancy. A major mechanism of withdrawal from tricyclic antidepressants is believed to be due to a rebound effect of excessive cholinergic activity due to neuroadaptations as a result of chronic inhibition of", "id": "748451" }, { "contents": "Diuresis\n\n\nthe active form of drug. For acidic drugs, urine pH should be above the pK value of that drug, and converse for the basic drugs. It is because the ionization of acidic drug is increased in alkaline urine and ionized drugs cannot easily cross a plasma membrane so cannot re-enter blood from kidney tubules. This method is ineffective for drugs that are strongly protein bound (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants) or which have a large apparent volume of distribution (e.g. paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressants). For forced alkaline diuresis", "id": "7574485" }, { "contents": "Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor\n\n\nSSRIs), which act upon serotonin only. The human serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) are membrane transport proteins that are responsible for the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Dual inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake can offer advantages over other antidepressant drugs by treating a wider range of symptoms. SNRIs, along with SSRIs and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), are second-generation antidepressants. Over the past two decades, second-generation antidepressants have gradually replaced first-generation antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants", "id": "869270" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\nmania led to testing with depressed patients. The first trial of imipramine took place in 1955 and the first report of antidepressant effects was published by Swiss psychiatrist Roland Kuhn in 1957. Some testing of Geigy's imipramine, then known as Tofranil, took place at the Münsterlingen Hospital near Konstanz. Geigy later became Ciba-Geigy and eventually Novartis. Dibenzazepine derivatives are described in U.S. patent 3,074,931 issued 1963-01-22 by assignment to Smith Kline & French Laboratories. The compounds described share a tricyclic backbone different from the backbone of", "id": "12900275" }, { "contents": "Pharmacology of antidepressants\n\n\nThe delayed onset of clinical effects from antidepressants indicates involvement of adaptive changes in antidepressant effects. Rodent studies have consistently shown upregulation of the 3, 5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system induced by different types of chronic but not acute antidepressant treatment, including serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium and electroconvulsions. cAMP is synthesized from adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) by adenylyl cyclase and metabolized by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). One manifestation of depression is an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (", "id": "14408843" }, { "contents": "Ketamine\n\n\nto conventional antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which generally require at least several weeks for their benefits to occur and become maximal. Moreover, based on the available preliminary evidence, the magnitude of the antidepressant effects of ketamine appears to be more than double that of conventional antidepressants. On the basis of these findings, a 2017 review described ketamine as the single most important advance in the treatment of depression in over 50 years. It has sparked interest in NMDA receptor antagonists for depression", "id": "17350668" }, { "contents": "Antidepressant\n\n\nand norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs). Adverse effects have been found to be of a similar level between TCAs and SSRIs. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of antidepressants that were first introduced in the 1970s. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains four rings of atoms, and are closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which contain three rings of atoms. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are chemicals which inhibit the activity of the monoamine oxidase enzyme family. They have a long history", "id": "2088637" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\n\n\ncause seizures. In cases of severe TCA overdose that are refractory to conventional therapy, intravenous lipid emulsion therapy has been reported to improve signs and symptoms in moribund patients suffering from toxicities involving several types of lipophilic substances, therefore lipids may have a role in treating severe cases of refractory TCA overdose. Tricyclic antidepressants are highly protein bound and have a large volume of distribution; therefore removal of these compounds from the blood with hemodialysis, hemoperfusion or other techniques are unlikely to be of any significant benefit. Studies in the 1990s in Australia", "id": "17403278" }, { "contents": "Antifungal\n\n\nare also many drug interactions. Patients must read in detail the enclosed data sheet(s) of any medicine. For example, the azole antifungals such as ketoconazole or itraconazole can be both substrates and inhibitors of the P-glycoprotein, which (among other functions) excretes toxins and drugs into the intestines. Azole antifungals also are both substrates and inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 family CYP3A4, causing increased concentration when administering, for example, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants, chemotherapeutic drugs, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides and SSRIs. Before", "id": "13136730" }, { "contents": "Monoamine transporter\n\n\ninto the synaptic terminal by selectively inhibiting SERT. It has been recently observed that serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine may all be involved in depression. Therefore, drugs such as venlafaxine and paroxetine are being used as effective antidepressants that selectively inhibit both SERT and NET. The tricyclic antidepressant desipramine is an antidepressant drug that is a relatively selective inhibitor of NE uptake. Studies of inhibition of NET correlate with antidepressant activity. NET regulation is linked to altered dopamine transmission and schizophrenia-like behaviors. Nisoxetine is a NET inhibitor and reverses some", "id": "10525761" }, { "contents": "Agoraphobia\n\n\nare often useful skills for the agoraphobic to develop, as they can be used to stop or prevent symptoms of anxiety and panic. Antidepressant medications most commonly used to treat anxiety disorders are mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Benzodiazepines, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and tricyclic antidepressants are also sometimes prescribed for treatment of agoraphobia. Antidepressants are important because some have antipanic effects. Antidepressants should be used in conjunction with exposure as a form of self-help or with cognitive behaviour therapy. A combination of medication and cognitive behaviour therapy is sometimes the", "id": "12570385" }, { "contents": "Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome\n\n\nwith imipramine, the first tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), in the late 1950s, and each new class of antidepressants has brought reports of similar conditions, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), SSRIs, and SNRIs. As of 2001, at least 21 different antidepressants, covering all the major classes, were known to cause discontinuation syndromes. The problem has been poorly studied, and most of the literature has been case reports or small clinical studies; incidence is hard to determine and controversial. With the explosion of use and", "id": "19933180" }, { "contents": "Treatment-resistant depression\n\n\ntricyclic antidepressant, bupropion or an MAOI. However, the more antidepressants an individual had already tried, the less likely they were to benefit from a new antidepressant trial. Medications that have been shown to be effective in people with treatment-resistant depression include lithium, triiodothyronine, benzodiazepines, atypical antipsychotics, and stimulants. Adding lithium may be effective for people taking some types of antidepressants, it does not appear to be effective in patients taking SSRIs. Triiodothyroxine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone and has been associated with", "id": "21650492" }, { "contents": "Tetracyclic antidepressant\n\n\nTetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of antidepressants that were first introduced in the 1970s. They are named after their tetracyclic chemical structure, containing four rings of atoms, and are closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which contain three rings of atoms. Drugs that contain four rings not all fused together but are sometimes still classified as TeCAs include: Drugs that contain four rings not all fused together but could still be classified as tetracyclic include: Drugs that contain four rings not all fused together but could still", "id": "3213047" }, { "contents": "Major depressive disorder\n\n\nof choice (over medication) for people under 18. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2004 guidelines indicate that antidepressants should not be used for the initial treatment of mild depression, because the risk-benefit ratio is poor. The guidelines recommend that antidepressants treatment in combination with psychosocial interventions should be considered for: The guidelines further note that antidepressant treatment should be continued for at least six months to reduce the risk of relapse, and that SSRIs are better tolerated than tricyclic antidepressants. American Psychiatric Association", "id": "8378662" }, { "contents": "Antidepressant\n\n\noccur following the interruption, reduction, or discontinuation of antidepressant medication. The symptoms may include flu-like symptoms, trouble sleeping, nausea, poor balance, sensory changes, and anxiety. The problem usually begins within three days and may last for several months. Rarely psychosis may occur. A discontinuation syndrome can occur after stopping any antidepressant including selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The risk is greater among those who have taken", "id": "2088624" }, { "contents": "5-HT1A receptor\n\n\nto standard antidepressants like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). 5-HT autoreceptor desensitization and increased 5-HT receptor postsynaptic activation via general increases in serotonin levels by serotonin precursor supplementation, serotonin reuptake inhibition, or monoamine oxidase inhibition has been shown to be a major mediator in the therapeutic benefits of most mainstream antidepressant supplements and pharmaceuticals, including serotonin precursors like L-tryptophan and 5-HTP, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs),", "id": "7700447" }, { "contents": "Fengabine\n\n\nFengabine (SL-79,229) is a drug which was investigated as an antidepressant but was never marketed. Its mechanism of action is unknown, but its antidepressant effects are reversed by GABA receptor antagonists like bicuculline and it has hence been labeled as GABAergic; however, it does not actually bind to GABA receptors, nor does it inhibit GABA-T. In clinical trials, fengabine's efficacy was comparable to that of the tricyclic antidepressants, but with a more rapid onset of action and much less side effects. Notably, fengabine lacks any sedative", "id": "11856354" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\n, trichotillomania, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), interstitial cystitis (IC), nocturnal enuresis (NE), narcolepsy, insomnia, pathological crying and/or laughing, chronic hiccups, ciguatera poisoning, and as an adjunct in schizophrenia. For many years the TCAs were the first choice for pharmacological treatment of clinical depression. Although they are still considered to be highly effective, they have been increasingly replaced by antidepressants with an improved safety and side effect profile, such as the SSRIs and other newer antidepressants such as the novel reversible MAOI", "id": "12900252" }, { "contents": "Moclobemide\n\n\nthe pressor effect and such a combination requires dietary restriction of foods containing high amounts of tyramine. The combination of moclobemide and a reversible MAO-B inhibitor requires tyramine dietary restrictions. Moclobemide is considered to be less toxic in overdose compared to older antidepressants, such as the tricyclic antidepressants and nonselective, irreversible MAO inhibitors, making it a safer antidepressant in the elderly or people with physical disorders. Of 18 people who overdosed on moclobemide during clinical trials, all recovered fully and moclobemide was judged to be safe for in as well as", "id": "20191588" }, { "contents": "Maprotiline\n\n\nMaprotiline, sold under the brand name Ludiomil among others, is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) that is used in the treatment of depression. It may alternatively be classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), specifically a secondary amine. In terms of its chemistry and pharmacology, maprotiline is closely related to other secondary amine TCAs like nortriptyline and protriptyline, and has similar effects to them. Maprotiline is used in the treatment of depression, such as depression associated with agitation or anxiety and has similar efficacy to the antidepressant drug moclobemide", "id": "3687811" }, { "contents": "Development and discovery of SSRI drugs\n\n\nby the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as a first-line treatment of depression, because they typically have fewer adverse effects than other type of antidepressants with the same effectiveness. Before the discovery of SSRI drugs the treatment for mood disorders were relatively limited. Now, however there are dozens of antidepressants on the market for the treatment of depression. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were the first drugs to be developed for the treatment of depression, dating back to the early", "id": "4091110" }, { "contents": "Biological psychiatry\n\n\nas the first class of antidepressants. In 1959 imipramine, the first tricyclic antidepressant, was developed. Research into the action of these drugs led to the first modern biological theory of mental health disorders called the catecholamine theory, later broadened to the monoamine theory, which included serotonin. These were popularly called the \"chemical imbalance\" theory of mental health disorders. Starting with fluoxetine (marketed as Prozac) in 1988, a series of monoamine-based antidepressant medications belonging to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were approved. These", "id": "7501210" }, { "contents": "Atypical depression\n\n\nacute melancholic depression. Some studies suggest that the older class of antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), may be more effective at treating atypical depression. While the more modern SSRIs and SNRIs are usually quite effective in this illness, the tricyclic antidepressants typically are not. The wakefulness-promoting agent modafinil has shown considerable effect in combating atypical depression, maintaining this effect even after discontinuation of treatment. Antidepressant response can often be enhanced with supplemental medications, such as buspirone, bupropion, or aripiprazole. Psychotherapy, whether alone or", "id": "10006320" }, { "contents": "Mammoplasia\n\n\nvarious drugs, including estrogens, antiandrogens such as spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, bicalutamide, and finasteride, growth hormone, and drugs that elevate prolactin levels such as D receptor antagonists like antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone), metoclopramide, and domperidone and certain antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The risk appears to be less with serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine. The \"atypical\" antidepressants mirtazapine and bupropion do not increase prolactin levels (bupropion may actually decrease prolactin", "id": "10084917" }, { "contents": "Animal models of depression\n\n\nspan, and according to the World Health Organization, depression is projected to reach second place as leading contributor to the global burden of disease by the year 2020. The effects of current antidepressant drugs are often significantly delayed, with improvements beginning around 3–6 weeks after treatment is started. Despite the clinical success of many antidepressant drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), many individuals' symptoms are not adequately alleviated by medication alone, and other methods", "id": "12182664" }, { "contents": "Mark R. Hughes\n\n\ndrug doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant, for the insomnia. On May 21, 2000, authorities said that Mark Hughes died of an accidental overdose after mixing alcohol with a \"toxic level\" of antidepressants. Scott Carrier, of the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office, said final autopsy results found that Hughes, 44, had ingested a toxic combination of alcohol and Doxepin, an antidepressant he was taking to help him sleep. His blood-alcohol level was measured at 0.21. Hughes' then 9-year-old son, Alexander", "id": "13294606" }, { "contents": "Pharmacology of antidepressants\n\n\nstudies show pro-inflammatory cytokine processes take place during clinical depression, mania and bipolar disorder, and it is possible that symptoms of these conditions are attenuated by the pharmacological effect of antidepressants on the immune system. Studies also show that the chronic secretion of stress hormones as a result of disease, including somatic infections or autoimmune syndromes, may reduce the effect of neurotransmitters or other receptors in the brain by cell-mediated pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby leading to the dysregulation of neurohormones. SSRIs, SNRIs and tricyclic antidepressants acting on", "id": "14408850" }, { "contents": "Tianeptine\n\n\nTianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon and Coaxil among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used mainly in the treatment of major depressive disorder, although it may also be used to treat anxiety, asthma, and irritable bowel syndrome. Tianeptine has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects with a relative lack of sedative, anticholinergic, and cardiovascular side effects. It has been found to act as an atypical agonist of the μ-opioid receptor with clinically negligible effects on the δ- and κ-opioid receptors as do most tricyclic antidepressants (", "id": "18675754" }, { "contents": "Electroconvulsive therapy\n\n\nThe severity of each patient’s depression was assessed at the same baseline in each group. There is little agreement on the most appropriate follow-up to ECT for people with major depressive disorder. When ECT is followed by treatment with antidepressants, about 50% of people relapsed by 12 months following successful initial treatment with ECT, with about 37% relapsing within the first 6 months. About twice as many relapsed with no antidepressants. Most of the evidence for continuation therapy is with tricyclics; evidence for relapse prevention with newer antidepressants", "id": "209480" }, { "contents": "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction\n\n\nthat there was insufficient evidence to support or not to support the use of these drugs in TMD. Low-doses of anti-muscarinic tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, or nortriptyline have also been described. In a subset of people with TMD who are not helped by either noninvasive and invasive treatments, long term use of opiate analgesics has been suggested, although these drugs carry a risk of drug dependence and other side effects. Examples include morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, tramadol, hydrocodone, and methadone. Botulinum toxin solution (", "id": "12052831" }, { "contents": "Serotonin transporter\n\n\nfactor for affective disorders.\" SERT spans the plasma membrane 12 times. It belongs to the NE, DA, SERT monoamine transporter family. Transporters are important sites for agents that treat psychiatric disorders. Drugs that reduce the binding of serotonin to transporters (serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SRIs) are used to treat mental disorders. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) clomipramine are examples of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Following the elucidation of structures of the homologous bacterial transporter,", "id": "14534157" }, { "contents": "Chloramphenicol\n\n\nthey are given concomitantly. Inhibition of CYP3A4 causes increased levels of, for example, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants, chemotherapeutic drugs, benzodiazepines, azole antifungals, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolide antibiotics, SSRIs, statins, cardiac antiarrhythmics, antivirals, anticoagulants, and PDE5 inhibitors. Chloramphenicol is antagonistic with most cephalosporins and using both together should be avoided in the treatment of infections. Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis. It prevents protein chain elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome. It specifically binds to A2451", "id": "6481668" }, { "contents": "Late life depression\n\n\nadults often have better treatment compliance, lower dropout rates, and more positive responses to psychotherapy than younger patients. Consultation with a clinical geropsychologist is useful. Pharmacotherapy for acute episodes of depression usually is effective and free of complications. Underuse or misuse of antidepressants and prescribing inadequate dosages are the most common mistakes physicians make when treating elderly patients for depression. Only 10% to 40% of depressed elderly patients are given medication. Different types of antidepressants may by used such as TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants), SSRIs, and MAOIs,", "id": "10850683" }, { "contents": "Depression in childhood and adolescence\n\n\nsyndromes because of untreated attentional and other behavioural problems which reduce their self-esteem. Although antidepressants were used by child and adolescent psychiatrists to treat major depressive disorder, they may not always have been used in young people with a comorbid conduct disorder because of the risks of overdose in such a population. Tricyclic antidepressant were the predominant antidepressants used at that time in this population. With the advent of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), child and adolescent psychiatrists probably began prescribing more anti-depressants in the comorbid conduct", "id": "12506848" }, { "contents": "Antidepressants in Japan\n\n\nIn a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, fluvoxamine was superior to placebo for General Anxiety Disorder. According to a Japanese medical report in 2002, Trazodone and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were widely available in Japan while only two SSRIs (paroxetine and fluvoxamine) were marketed. A third SSRI, sertraline, received approval in April 2006 after over 15 years of clinical trial development in Japan. The three most sold antidepressants in Japan were by the end of 2010 were paroxetine with a value market share of 37%", "id": "5963958" }, { "contents": "Psychoneuroimmunology\n\n\nand IL-6 through a psychoneuroimmunological process. Antidepressants have also been shown to suppress TH1 upregulation. Tricyclic and dual serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibition by SNRIs (or SSRI-NRI combinations), have also shown analgesic properties additionally. According to recent evidences antidepressants also seem to exert beneficial effects in experimental autoimmune neuritis in rats by decreasing Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) release or augmenting NK activity in depressed patients. These studies warrant investigation of antidepressants for use in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric illness and that a psychoneuroimmunological approach may", "id": "8879431" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\nsodium load may also help to reverse the Na+ channel blocking effects of the TCA). The TCAs are highly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) hepatic enzymes. Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 (for example cimetidine, methylphenidate, fluoxetine, antipsychotics, and calcium channel blockers) may produce decreases in the TCAs' metabolism, leading to increases in their blood concentrations and accompanying toxicity. The major factor that distinguishes SSRI's amongst one another is the inhibition of select CYP enzymes . Drugs that prolong the QT interval including antiarrhythmics such", "id": "12900265" }, { "contents": "Piperazine\n\n\nPZ, enhancing the rate of overall CO absorbed under operating conditions (refer to Figure 1 below). Due to these reactions, there is limited free piperazine present in the solvent, resulting in its low volatility and rates of precipitation as PZ-6HO. Many currently notable drugs contain a piperazine ring as part of their molecular structure. Examples include: Antianginals Antidepressants Antihistamines Antiserotonergics Antipsychotics Recreational Drugs Urologicals Others Most of these agents can be classified as either phenylpiperazines, benzylpiperazines, diphenylmethylpiperazines (benzhydrylpiperazines), pyridinylpiperazines, pyrimidinylpiperazines, or tricyclics (with", "id": "5768226" }, { "contents": "Psychoneuroimmunology\n\n\nanticonvulsants, GABA agonists (including opioids and cannabinoids), COX inhibitors, acetylcholine modulators, melatonin analogs (such as Ramelton), adenosine receptor antagonists and several miscellaneous drugs (including biologics like Passiflora edulis) are being studied for their psychoneuroimmunological effects. For example, SSRIs, SNRIs and tricyclic antidepressants acting on serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and cannabinoid receptors have been shown to be immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory against pro-inflammatory cytokine processes, specifically on the regulation of IFN-gamma and IL-10, as well as TNF-alpha", "id": "8879430" }, { "contents": "Irritable bowel syndrome\n\n\ndose, and found 20 g of ispaghula (psyllium) were better than 10 g and equivalent to 30 g per day. Medications that may be useful include antispasmodics such as dicyclomine and antidepressants. With respect to antidepressants both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants appear useful. Both H1-antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers have also shown efficacy in reducing pain associated with visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. For people who do not adequately respond to dietary fiber, osmotic laxatives such as polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, and lactulose can help avoid \"cathartic colon", "id": "1026073" }, { "contents": "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment\n\n\nfor RNA viruses) multiplication. A small 1988 RCT compared acyclovir against placebo and found that an equal proportion of patients improved from placebo and with active treatment. The authors concluded that the improvement reflected either spontaneous remission or the placebo effect. Three people withdrew from acyclovir treatment due to reversible renal failure. Antidepressants are often prescribed to CFS patients. Their purpose can be to treat secondary depression or mood swings, but low dosage tricyclic antidepressants are sometimes prescribed to improve sleep quality and reduce pain. The evidence for antidepressants is mixed and", "id": "18510449" }, { "contents": "Methylphenidate\n\n\nrise to ΔFosB overexpression in D1-type neurons which subsequently triggers a series of gene transcription-mediated signaling cascades that induce an addiction. Methylphenidate may inhibit the metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, certain anticonvulsants, and some antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Concomitant administration may require dose adjustments, possibly assisted by monitoring of plasma drug concentrations. There are several case reports of methylphenidate inducing serotonin syndrome with concomitant administration of antidepressants. When methylphenidate is coingested with ethanol, a metabolite called ethylphenidate is formed via hepatic transesterification, not unlike", "id": "21946548" }, { "contents": "Neuropsychopharmacology\n\n\nmental dysfunction as what could be dubbed as \"software\" errors. In the same era, the nervous system was progressively being studied at the microscopic and chemical level, but there was virtually no mutual benefit with clinical fields—until several developments after World War II began to bring them together. Neuropsychopharmacology may be regarded to have begun in the earlier 1950s with the discovery of drugs such as MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, thorazine and lithium which showed some clinical specificity for mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia. Until that time", "id": "8318595" }, { "contents": "Bruxism\n\n\nmore likely to also have sleep bruxism than children of people who do not have bruxism, or people with awake bruxism rather than sleep bruxism. Certain stimulant drugs, including both prescribed and recreational drugs are thought by some to cause the development of bruxism, however others argue that there is insufficient evidence to draw such a conclusion. Examples may include dopamine agonists, dopamine antagonists, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines (including those taken for medical reasons). In some reported cases where bruxism", "id": "20589850" }, { "contents": "Iprindole\n\n\nIprindole, sold under the brand names Prondol, Galatur, and Tertran, is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed. It was developed by Wyeth and was marketed in 1967. The drug has been described by some as the first \"second-generation\" antidepressant to be introduced. However, it was very little-used compared to other TCAs, with the number of prescriptions dispensed only in the thousands.", "id": "12695319" }, { "contents": "Mianserin\n\n\nunder the brand name Athymil, and soon thereafter in the UK as Norval. Investigators conducting clinical trials in the US submitted fraudulent data, and it was never approved in the US. Mianserin was one of the first antidepressants to reach the UK market that was less dangerous than the tricyclic antidepressants in overdose; as of 2012 it was not prescribed much in the UK. \"Mianserin\" is the English and German generic name of the drug and its and , while \"mianserin hydrochloride\" is its , , and . Its generic", "id": "22171893" }, { "contents": "Nordoxepin\n\n\nNordoxepin, also known as \"N\"-desmethyldoxepin, is the major active metabolite of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) doxepin (Sinequan). It has been found to play a significant role in the antidepressant effects of doxepin. Nordoxepin is a mixture of (\"E\") and (\"Z\") stereoisomers. Whereas pharmaceutical doxepin is supplied in an approximate 85:15 ratio mixture of (\"E\")- and (\"Z\")-stereoisomers and plasma concentrations of doxepin remain roughly the same as this ratio with treatment, plasma levels of the (\"E\")-", "id": "3245746" }, { "contents": "Glucose test\n\n\nsome test types. Fasting blood sugar test for example requires 10–16 hour long period of not eating before the test. Blood sugar levels can be affected by some drugs and prior to some glucose tests these medications should be temporarily given up or their dosages should be decreased. Such drugs may include salicylates (Aspirin), birth control pills, corticosteroids, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, diuretics and phenytoin. Some foods contain caffeine (coffee, tea, colas, energy drinks etc.). Blood sugar levels of healthy people are generally", "id": "15454651" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\nand as agonists at the sigma receptors (σ and σ), some of which may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, as well as their side effects. The TCAs also have varying but typically high affinity for antagonising the H and H histamine receptors, as well as the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. As a result, they also act as potent antihistamines and anticholinergics. These properties are often beneficial in antidepressants, especially with comorbid anxiety, as it provides a sedative effect. Most, if not all, of the TCAs also potently", "id": "12900268" }, { "contents": "Norepinephrine transporter\n\n\nand clinical depression. Certain antidepressant medications act to raise noradrenaline, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs or NERIs) and the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The mechanism by which these medications work is that the reuptake inhibitors prevent the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic neuron, paralyzing the normal function of the NET. At the same time, higher levels of 5-HT are maintained in the synapse increasing the concentrations of the latter", "id": "14113644" }, { "contents": "Moclobemide\n\n\nIt was first approved in the UK and Europe as the first reversible and selective inhibitor of MAO-A and is now approved in over 50 countries worldwide. Subsequent research found that moclobemide is well tolerated in elderly patients and far superior to tricyclic antidepressants in terms of side effects/tolerability as well as being much safer in overdose; with regard to effectiveness in the treatment of depression, moclobemide was determined to be as effective as all major antidepressant drug classes. There is no need for dietary restrictions in contrast to people on irreversible", "id": "20191606" }, { "contents": "Pridefine\n\n\nPridefine (AHR-1,118) is a drug which was investigated as an antidepressant in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but was never marketed. It acts as a balanced reuptake inhibitor of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, and also has some weak releasing activity. In clinical trials pridefine was found to be as efficacious as the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and imipramine in the treatment of major depressive disorder but was much more tolerable in comparison and also had an earlier onset of action. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of", "id": "2158613" }, { "contents": "Indalpine\n\n\nearly to mid 1970s, and in particular, the clinical report by Shopsin et al. (1976) relating to PCPA's rapid reversal of antidepressant response to tranylcypromine in depressed patients. This led to an understanding of the role of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5HT) in the therapeutic effects of the available tricyclic and MAOI class antidepressants. The studies led to widespread recognition of a serotonin hypothesis of depression, contradicting theories that promoted the role of norepinephrine. While citalopram and zimelidine were developed in the early 1970s,", "id": "21589768" }, { "contents": "Amitriptylinoxide\n\n\nAmitriptylinoxide (brand names Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin), or amitriptyline \"N\"-oxide, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which was introduced in Europe in the 1970s for the treatment of depression. Amitriptylinoxide is both an analogue and metabolite of amitriptyline, and has similar effects as well as equivalent efficacy as an antidepressant. However, it has a faster onset of action and fewer adverse effects, including reduced drowsiness, sedation, anticholinergic symptoms like dry mouth, sweating, and dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiotoxicity. In receptor binding", "id": "284430" }, { "contents": "Biological psychiatry\n\n\ndeveloped: chlorpromazine (also known as Thorazine), the first widely used antipsychotic, was synthesized in 1950, and iproniazid, one of the first antidepressants, was first synthesized in 1957. In 1959 imipramine, the first tricyclic antidepressant, was developed. Based significantly on clinical observations of the above drug results, in 1965 the seminal paper \"The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders\" was published. It articulated the \"chemical imbalance\" hypothesis of mental health disorders, especially depression. It formed much of the conceptual basis for the", "id": "7501203" }, { "contents": "Tricyclic antidepressant\n\n\nng/mL, or 350 to 1,100 nM. Plasma protein binding is generally 90% or greater. There are two major groups of TCAs in terms of chemical structure, which most, but not all, TCAs fall into. The groupings are based on the tricyclic ring system. They are the dibenzazepines (imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, lofepramine) and the dibenzocycloheptadienes (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, butriptyline). Minor TCA groups based on ring system include the dibenzoxepins (doxepin), the dibenzothiepines (dosulepin)", "id": "12900271" }, { "contents": "Antidepressant\n\n\n, depression, and sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome. Tricyclics appear to be the most effective class, with moderate effects on pain and sleep and small effects on fatigue and health-related quality of life. The fraction of people experiencing a 30% pain reduction on tricyclics was 48% versus 28% for placebo. For SSRIs and SNRIs the fraction of people experiencing a 30% pain reduction was 36% (20% in the placebo comparator arms) and 42% (32% in the corresponding placebo comparator arms). Discontinuation", "id": "2088608" }, { "contents": "Perphenazine\n\n\nPerphenazine is a typical antipsychotic drug. Chemically, it is classified as a piperazinyl phenothiazine. Originally marketed in the US as Trilafon, it has been in clinical use for decades. Perphenazine is roughly ten times as potent as chlorpromazine; thus perphenazine is considered a medium-potency antipsychotic. In low doses it is used to treat agitated depression (together with an antidepressant). Fixed combinations of perphenazine and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline in different proportions of weight exist (see Etrafon below). When treating depression, perphenazine is discontinued as", "id": "10229265" }, { "contents": "Flupentixol/melitracen\n\n\nFlupentixol/melitracen (trade name Deanxit, Placida, Franxit, Anxidreg, Danxipress) is a combination of two psychoactive agents (a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class) and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)) which has antidepressant properties. It is designed for short term usage only. It is produced by Lundbeck. Flupentixol/melitracen were banned in India by the country's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on July 11, 2014, after the government noted it was not approved for marketing in several developed markets including the United", "id": "10414796" } ]

[ { "contents": "Rising Star (Indian season 2)\n\n\nweek. In each episode, the contestant sitting on Golden Sofa (the contestant with the highest score) will move on to compete for the \"Ticket To Finale\". The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round. The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated,", "id": "18085127" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (Indian season 2)\n\n\nround progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The Top 8 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The contestants compete to earn a direct entry to the finale", "id": "18085126" }, { "contents": "2015 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\n\n\nat 9/1. If the match was a draw it would be the fourth year in a row that the match would have finished in a draw. The Cork All-Ireland-winning team of 1990, who won the title following a 5-15 to 2-21 defeat of Galway, were the jubilee team that were presented to the crowd before the final. With a stadium capacity of 82,300, the 32 individual county boards will receive 60,000 tickets. Schools and third level colleges will get 2,500 tickets, while season ticket", "id": "14055690" }, { "contents": "Star (TV series)\n\n\nrelationship becomes strained. Derek and Alex break up after she cheats on him with Noah Brooks. He then persues a relationship with his physical therapist. However, Derek and Alex eventually get back together and marry in the season 3 finale. A talent manager who believes Take 3 is his ticket back to the top. However, he is hobbled by both a cocaine addiction and money problems. In Season 2, it is revealed that he faked his death with the help of Carlotta to avoid being framed for Hunter's murder.", "id": "3194206" }, { "contents": "Haifa derby\n\n\nHaim Stadium (1–1). The aggregate score between the two teams is 148–98 to Maccabi Haifa. The two clubs have met 15 times in the State Cup. Maccabi have won 10 games, and Hapoel have won 3. Two games ended with a penalty kick: once in 2000 when Maccabi won and managed to get the quarter final ticket (2–2 after 120 minutes), and in the second time in 2005 and Hapoel made it (after 3–3) to get the quarter final ticket. The teams have met twice in", "id": "15392421" }, { "contents": "Ticket to Ride (board game)\n\n\ntrain/ship pieces, then each player gets 2 more turns. Final scoring includes the players current score from claiming routes and exchanging pieces; then adding completed destination ticket points and subtracting uncompleted destination ticket points; then scoring harbors, 20 points if only one destination ticket includes the harbor city, 30 if two tickets include the harbor city and 40 if three or more tickets include the harbor city; and finally subtracting 4 points for each unplaced harbor. There are no other bonuses in this game. The Great Lakes - With", "id": "2484025" }, { "contents": "Reservation against Cancellation\n\n\nA Reservation Against Cancellation (RAC) is a type of ticket that can be sold for travel on the Indian Railways. Although it ensures certainty of travel, it does not guarantee a berth. A berth will be allocated to the ticket who reserves an RAC ticket if passengers who already have a confirmed ticket do not board before the train departure or get their confirmed ticket cancelled. A berth is split into 2 seats for 2 RAC ticket holders. A RAC ticket holder is given an empty berth if: If this happens the", "id": "15947705" }, { "contents": "2017 General Aung San Shield Final\n\n\nGeneral Aung San Shield final. Both Shan United and Yangon United received a ticket allocation of 10,000 for the game. Ticket price are 1,000 MMK(Normal Ticket) and 2,000MMK(Special Ticket). Shan United, as a National League team, started their campaign in the second round. In it, they won at MNL-2 City Stars. At Thuwunna, Shan United won 6-0 with goals from Han Kyung-In's Hat-rick, two goal from Christopher Chizoba and Dway Ko Ko Chit. In the Quarter-final, Shan", "id": "6323475" }, { "contents": "Rising Star Indonesia\n\n\n, and resigned as the main experts. Unlike the other talent that leaves two finalists at the end of the competition, the Rising Star Indonesia leaves four finalists competing for the first prize. Indah Nevertari, , and Bluesmates band made it through to the grand final. This round is divided into three stages. At each stage, the finalists had to get the highest vote to beat other finalists. In the first stage, Bluesmates get the lowest voting and failed to get into the next stage. In the second half,", "id": "21339419" }, { "contents": "Just the Ticket\n\n\nJust the Ticket is a 1998 film directed by Richard Wenk. It stars Andy García and Andie MacDowell. Garcia was also the producer. The film was originally titled The Ticket Scalper. Gary Starke (Garcia) is a New York City ticket scalper who, in the old traditional style of scalping \"works the street\", known as \"the walk\", as opposed to the plethora of modern-day ticket brokers who ply the Internet for sales. Yet when his girlfriend Linda (MacDowell) gets enough of his lifestyle", "id": "14213274" }, { "contents": "Ticket lock\n\n\nsince now_serving is still 2 (Row 7). When P2 releases the lock, it increments now_serving to 3, allowing P4 to get it (Row 8). Finally, P4 releases the lock, incrementing now_serving to 4 (Row 9). No currently waiting threads have this ticket number, so the next thread to arrive will get 4 for its ticket and immediately acquire the lock. The Linux kernel implementation can have lower latency than the simpler test-and-set or exchange based spinlock algorithms on modern machines. Consider", "id": "6961124" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (franchise)\n\n\nthe semifinals as the number of contestants goes down. But for indian rising star votes of experts remain 5% from auditions to semi finale. During the finale, contestants are paired into a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the \"benchmark\" for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant gets the higher percentage of votes, then the wall rises and the second contestant moves onto the next round of duels. However, if the second contestant's", "id": "18447046" }, { "contents": "Ticket lock\n\n\nto 0 ensures that the first thread that attempts to get the lock will get ticket 0, thus acquiring the lock due to its ticket matching now_serving. So when P1 tries to acquire the lock it immediately succeeds and next_ticket is incremented to 1 (Row 2). When P3 tries to acquire the lock it gets 1 for its my_ticket, next ticket is incremented to 2, and it must wait since now_serving is still 0 (Row 3). Next, when P2 attempts to acquire the lock it gets 2 for its", "id": "6961122" }, { "contents": "Olympiacos F.C. in European football\n\n\nsecure two away draws in Porto (2–2) and Zagreb (1–1), topping the group and getting the ticket for the quarter-finals. There, they were drawn to face Juventus, one of the favourites to win the trophy. In the first leg at the Stadio delle Alpi in Turin, Juventus took a 2–0 lead, but Olympiacos scored a crucial away goal in the 90th minute of the game with a penalty by Andreas Niniadis, a goal that caused the 10.000 Olympiacos fans who travelled to Italy to erupt into", "id": "6031484" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (Indian season 2)\n\n\nscore gets eliminated. Episode 11: 24 February 2018 The Top 14 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the", "id": "18085124" }, { "contents": "Go for Broke (2002 film)\n\n\nGo for Broke is a 2002 urban comedy film, written by Jean-Claude La Marre, who also directed and co-produced the film, which stars Pras, Michael A. Goorjian, LisaRaye, Kira Madallo Sesay, and Bobby Brown. Two guys have the winning ticket in a lottery, but the ticket is taken by a woman robbing the restaurant they're in, who swallows the ticket before getting arrested. The guys come up with a scheme to recover the ticket by committing a felony while impersonating women so as to", "id": "16314831" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (Indian season 2)\n\n\ncontestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. Wild Card Twist: Some of the eliminated contestants were brought back for another chance. Raenit Singh, Aman Biswal & Chetan Brijvasi. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. WILD CARD Top 12 The Top 10 contestants compete in this round. As the", "id": "18085125" }, { "contents": "Getafe CF\n\n\n\" upon victory, promising to pay for a new design. During that final, thousands of supporters rushed to get tickets and packed into the Santiago Bernabéu, yet were vastly outnumbered by \"Sevillistas\". However, those who failed to get tickets – most of which went to season ticket holders for the 2007–08 campaign – were able to watch the match on a big screen in Getafe's central square. Getafe has also a small group of Ultras supporters, called \"Comandos Azules\" (\"blue commandos\"). In", "id": "7062738" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (Indian season 1)\n\n\n15 April 2017 Episode 22: 16 April 2017 Face-off for the Ticket to Finale The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round. In this round, the judges score of 21% will be given in whole to only one contestant who, according to them, performed better. Episode 23: 22 April 2017 The top 4 contestants sing duets along with playback singers Master Saleem, Neha Bhasin, Akriti Kakar & Jubin Nautiyal. Finalist Maithili Thakur gave a guest performance along with Jubin", "id": "17986412" }, { "contents": "History of Red Star Belgrade\n\n\nof the European Cup Winners' Cup. There, the team played against Ferencváros from Budapest. Red Star lost to Ferencváros by a score of 2–1, and the return game will always being remembered as the game with the biggest attendance at Red Star Stadium. Although 96,070 tickets were sold, it is estimated that about 110,000 people were in attendance. All of them went home disappointed, as a penalty-kick converted in the 83rd minute placed the scoreline at 2–2 and put Ferencváros into the final. As it usually happens,", "id": "8645769" }, { "contents": "Won Seong-jin\n\n\nWon Seong-jin (born 15 July 1985) is a professional Go player. Won became a professional in 1998. In 2011, Won entered his first World Championship Final, the 16th Samsung Cup, by defeating Pak Yeong-hun in the quarter-finals, and Chen Yaoye 2-1 in a hard fought semi-final to face the defending champion Gu Li, who respectively defeated former winner Lee Chang-ho, then rising Korean star Na Hyun 2-0. The final, played from 5–7 December with", "id": "17289713" }, { "contents": "List of The Lion King characters\n\n\nthe episode \"Too Many Termites\", where they attempt to eat a pack of aardwolves, but are stopped by the Lion Guard. In Season 2, they become members of Scar's army. Shupavu's group are a group of skinks who are friends with Ushari and serve as his spies in the Pride Lands. Ushari (voiced by Christian Slater) is an Egyptian cobra who often conflicted with Bunga and would get disturbed whenever the Lion Guard was near him. In \"The Rise of Scar\", Ushari finally gets", "id": "8507340" }, { "contents": "Paper Mill Playhouse\n\n\nschool theater performances across the state of New Jersey. Students who are nominated in lead and supporting acting categories receive scholarships to Paper Mill's Summer Musical Theater Conservatory and may perform in their annual finale concert. The 2016 Rising Star Awards were held on June 7, 2016 in the Paper Mill Playhouse theater. The awards show was broadcast and streamed live on HomeTowne Television. The 2016 recipients include: The 2015 Rising Star Awards were held on June 2, 2015 in the Paper Mill Playhouse theater. The awards show was broadcast &", "id": "10795062" }, { "contents": "Running up the score\n\n\nticket-holders. In a Bradley home game against Wichita State, coach Jim Les put in some reserve players during the last 1–2 minutes of the game after the score got to 62–50. During the final possession, the crowd started to yell \"Shoot shoot shoot\" because the season ticket-holders would get a buy-one-get-one-free rib-eye steak dinner at a local restaurant if the score reached 63. One of the Bradley players launched a buzzer-beating 3 because of the crowd encouragement", "id": "6903088" }, { "contents": "Red Star Stadium\n\n\nthe subject of records, according to the number of tickets sold, the stadium saw its largest crowd on 23 April 1975 at the Cup Winners Cup semi-final home leg against the Hungarian side Ferencváros 2–2. There were officially 96,070 spectators in the stands that night with purchased tickets, but it is believed that the stadium was filled to the maximum allowable capacity which at the time was 110,000. In the years since, the stadium's capacity has gradually decreased. Following different modernization touch-ups, more seats were added.", "id": "4213182" }, { "contents": "Monica Seles\n\n\nOpen, beating Anke Huber in the final. Her pivotal match was the semifinal vs rising American star Chanda Rubin who led her 5–3 in the final set, and had 2 break points to lead 5–1. Seles came back from 2 points from defeat to triumph and reach the final. This was to be Seles' last Grand Slam title, as she struggled to recapture her best form on a consistent basis. Seles was the runner-up at the US Open to Steffi Graf again in 1996. Seles' last Grand Slam", "id": "7574527" }, { "contents": "Utah Stars\n\n\nby this time. As a result, on December 2, 1975, the league canceled the Stars franchise for missing payroll. Four of their players (including Moses Malone) were sold to the Spirits of St. Louis, with Daniels getting a 10% minority stake in the Spirits as well. A fifth player was sold to the Virginia Squires. Daniels ultimately paid back all of the season ticket holders at eight percent interest. The Stars are widely considered one of the most successful teams in ABA history. They were also known", "id": "11959067" }, { "contents": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\n\n\n. Tipperary were bidding to become the first Munster champions to win the All-Ireland title since Cork in 2005. The Tipperary team that won the 1991 All-Ireland Final was presented to the crowd before the match to mark 25 years. Tipperary manager Michael Ryan who played on that team was represented by his mother for the presentation. With a stadium capacity of 82,300, the 32 individual county boards will receive 60,000 tickets. Schools and third level colleges will get 2,500 tickets, while season ticket holders will be entitled to 5,500", "id": "18690312" }, { "contents": "Metcard\n\n\ntickets was available, including two-hour, all-day, weekly, monthly and annual tickets. There were also concession tickets for students, seniors and others. As of 2010, a daily Zone 1 and 2 full-fare (as distinct from concession fare) ticket costs A$2.70, and a weekly Zone 1 and 2 ticket costs A$10.40. Prices generally rise by inflation (CPI) on 1 January each year, though there have been occasional higher than CPI increases. The Metcard system was originally scheduled to", "id": "11975186" }, { "contents": "2012 Football League Cup Final\n\n\nwho have had to endure a few years when we've not been [to Wembley].\" Both clubs received an allocation of approximately 31,000 tickets. Cardiff fans would be housed in the East End of the stadium, while Liverpool fans were allocated the West End of the stadium. Ticket prices were increased from last year's final, with the most expensive tickets costing £90 up £4 from the previous year. The least expensive tickets cost £40, which was £2 more than last year. It was decided", "id": "18866067" }, { "contents": "Kala Bazar\n\n\nnetwork of black marketers outside all prominent cinema-halls of Bombay. First, he works with Kalu, and at the premiere of Mother India, their tickets sell faster and faster as more film stars arrive – they include Dilip Kumar, Geeta Dutt, Guru Dutt, Kishore Kumar, Raaj Kumar, Rajendra Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Sohrab Modi, Mohammed Rafi, Nargis, Nadira and Nimmi. Finally, he sells his last ticket for 100 rupees when one ticket cost only 2 rupees. Elated with his newfound business, Raghu", "id": "19577194" }, { "contents": "The Honeymoon Tour\n\n\nwhich was 51% above the tour's ticket average on the secondary market. Also in his report, Lawrence mentioned that the cheapest show, which was in Dallas, had an average ticket price of $191, which was only 15% below the tour's average price per ticket on the secondary market. Also noted in the article was that the rising ticket prices of Grande's tour had surpassed the ticket prices of fellow pop stars Katy Perry and Lady Gaga. Tickets for Perry's Prismatic World Tour (2014–2015) averaged", "id": "19913744" }, { "contents": "Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport\n\n\n. Tickets are also sold in the trains by the conductors and they should be in this case purchased immediately after getting on the train. Regular tickets to and from Gdańsk (City ticket) cost 3,50 PLN one way. Regular tickets to/from Gdynia (Tricity ticket) cost 6,50 PLN one way. It is possible to change trains and to get to other areas of Tricity. In this case, the ticket prices may vary depending on the final station of the journey. As of January 2018, the following city bus", "id": "12001063" }, { "contents": "Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\n\n\nBailey was happy that Cody put himself out there to try to get the tickets for the two of them. Cody then gets himself splattered on a cake that Woody was holding, and Hannah remembers him (mistaking him for Zack, who was splattered by it), giving them concert tickets. Bailey then tells Cody that it is going to be the best date ever, then surprises him with a kiss. He privately shouts \"Yes! My six-month plan worked!\". Of course, the two finally start", "id": "2081635" }, { "contents": "The 1989 World Tour\n\n\nwhere the average ticket price was $182.95 with a get-in of $79. The show on June 29, 2015 in Dublin was the most expensive European date, where the average ticket price was $285, with a get-in price of $198. The Sydney show has the cheapest get-in price for Taylor Swift tickets in Australia at $130 Australian ($100 USD). The most expensive show is the final concert in Melbourne – Saturday, December 12, 2015 – with a get-", "id": "6522870" }, { "contents": "2007 PDC World Darts Championship\n\n\nup before Priestley produced an inspired comeback (despite Laursen having eight darts to win the match in the sixth set) to win 4-3. In the final match of the afternoon rising star Colin Osborne, who had beaten Kevin Painter in the first round, defeated 20th seed Wes Newton 4-2. Andy Jenkins opened the evening session by reaching the last 16 for the first time beating Andy Smith 4-2. The final second round game became the third match of the tournament to go down to a sudden-", "id": "3538829" }, { "contents": "Man on the Flying Trapeze\n\n\n. Ambrose has a series of misfortunes on his way to the wrestling match: He has encounters with ticket-writing policemen, he has a flat tire, and he is nearly hit by a train while chasing a runaway tire. Finally, while trying to get into the wrestling arena (Claude had stolen his ticket earlier), he gets knocked down by a wrestler who is thrown out of the building by his opponent. As spectators exit the arena, Claude sees Ambrose sprawled on the sidewalk and sees Ambrose's secretary,", "id": "2156877" }, { "contents": "Grosse Pointe (TV series)\n\n\nFisher or the final version which included Nat Faxon. DVD extras include an interview with Darren Star and commentary tracks on the following episodes: The DVD release jacket of disc 2 has a misprint with two of the episode descriptions. \"Star Wars\" description says that Marcy gets a restraining order to stop Quentin's harassment; it is actually Hunter who gets the restraining order. \"End of the Affair\" description says that Dave looks for the courage to break up with Marcy; again, it is actually Hunter that he is", "id": "16020796" }, { "contents": "List of Power Rangers Ninja Steel characters\n\n\nfrom them. At the end of \"Helping Hand,\" Galvanax gets the Rangers' Ninja Stars except for their Power Stars due to Victor and Monty's magnetic device attracting them which caught the attention of a Buzzcam. While Galvanax has Madame Odius and the Basher Bots take Victor and Monty as hostages, Galvanax makes plans for the season finale of \"Galaxy Warriors\". In \"Galvanax Rises,\" Galvanax puts the season finale of \"Galaxy Warriors\" at hand by engaging the Rangers in a final showdown. He starts", "id": "11428920" }, { "contents": "Indonesian Idol\n\n\nwho competed on 'Coba Lagi Awards' (Try Again Awards). The winner of this award became a guest star on The Top 11 Spectacular Show's Result Show. The number of the finalists on the first Spectacular Show was originally planned to be 10. However, the judges then made a surprising move by picking Lucky Octavian to also get the wild-card ticket (the first wild card ticket was taken by Karen Pooroe) making the number of contestants became 11. Guy Sebastian who was in Indonesia for his album", "id": "5619628" }, { "contents": "Club Atlético River Plate\n\n\nwon its first Metropolitano championship after beating Ciudad de Buenos Aires by 3–2 at the final. In 2017, \"Las Vikingas\" won their third consecutive Hockey National League after defeating Club Italiano by 2–0 at the final, thus becoming one of the two clubs with most titles at the national tournament. Two players from River Plate, Lucina von der Heyde and Bianca Donati, who were Junior World Champions in Chile 2016, made their debut in a world cup in London 2018. Von der Heyde was named the FIH Rising Star of", "id": "20037906" }, { "contents": "Our Earthly Pleasures\n\n\nto get hold of \"Our Earthly Pleasures\". A third launch party took place in London, at the 100 Club on Oxford Street, on the evening of 2 April. The tracks \"Our Velocity\", \"Books from Boxes\", \"Girls Who Play Guitars\" and \"Karaoke Plays\" have been released as singles. Tickets to the April/May \"Our Earthly Pleasures Tour\" went on sale on 2 February 2007. Tickets sold out within one hour to the majority of the venues. The two US", "id": "7445033" }, { "contents": "2009 Churchill Cup\n\n\ntournament, the Georgia national team. Tickets for the event went on sale to USA Rugby members on April 2, 2009, and general sales tickets went on sale on April 24, 2009. The matches were broadcast live on Sky Sports in the UK and Setanta Sports North America in the US. The Main Cup was won by Ireland A (who beat the England Saxons in the Cup Final), the Plate Competition was won by the Argentina Jaguars (who defeated in the Final), and the Bowl Competition was won", "id": "5067714" }, { "contents": "2005–06 Eredivisie\n\n\nchampions PSV. Ajax would have qualified for the UEFA Cup via the cup even if they had lost the final. This had consequences for the play-off schedule. Games F and H were not played. The teams ranked 2 to 5 instead played for one Champions League qualifier ticket and three UEFA Cup tickets. The fourth and final UEFA Cup ticket went to the winner of matches C, D and G, between the teams who finished from 6th to 9th place in the regular season. The loser of match G played", "id": "13165183" }, { "contents": "Lottso!\n\n\nfour numbers and two stars. There are three tickets containing numbers to each side of the game screen. The purpose of the game is to place the numbers inside the triangle in the tickets that have matching numbers, to fill out the tickets. All tickets that get filled help the player obtain points, but some tickets are better than others. Practically all of the tickets feature themes from other games available on the Pogo website. The most valuable tickets are Aces Up and Pop Fu. The least valuable tickets are Harvest Mania", "id": "248477" }, { "contents": "Nuestra Belleza Latina 2016\n\n\ncompetition and move into the \"Mansion de la Belleza\" (Mansion of Beauty) as they get one step closer to becoming the first All Star winner. \"(ages stated are at time of contest)\" Original Air Date—20 March 2016 The finalists move into the Mansion with a twist. NBL Camp will be the temporary place for the finalists, they will need to earn their stay at the Mansion. Tensions rise as the pressure start. The final girl chosen to be the final 12th All Star was Josephine Ochoa.", "id": "20363685" }, { "contents": "2009 UEFA Champions League Final\n\n\nperiod that ran from 2 to 16 March 2009. Each club was also allocated approximately 20,000 tickets for distribution to fans. Manchester United chose to limit ticket applications to season ticket holders, with preference given to those who had attended more of the club's Champions League away fixtures that season. Barcelona, meanwhile, allotted 80% of their ticket allocation to fans, with the remaining 20% going to the club's corporate sponsors. Unlike United, however, Barcelona opened ticket applications to all 150,000 of their members. The remaining", "id": "11150107" }, { "contents": "The Biggest Loser Australia: Families\n\n\n. Finally, after eating thirteen cookies, she found one of the immunity tickets, but was struggling to find the remaining one. After eating twenty cookies, she finally found both the immunity tickets and was safe for the week. Week 9 - The contestants were faced with a 24-hour lockdown in a large room, with food being brought in every hour, ranging from a sausage roll worth 75 calories to pancakes worth over 800. The person who eats the most calories in 24 hours gets the first immunity of the week,", "id": "3852521" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (franchise)\n\n\nLos Angeles in the Eastern, Central, & Mountain time zones. The US edition was also carried in Canada, with advertising simultaneous substitution and voting access on CTV. The American version lasted a full 10-episode season before getting canceled due to low viewership. Another major broadcaster RTL Television launched a German language version in Germany. After the show experienced low ratings during its first few episodes, RTL Television cancelled \"Rising Star Germany\" and reduced the season's length to 7 episodes; the winner was determined through a special finale event", "id": "18447049" }, { "contents": "Bad Girls All-Star Battle (season 2)\n\n\nhave to push their opponent to get to their flag. The second round is called The Diamond Ring. The 3 girls who win the push over challenge, will compete in this challenge. Each player will hold on to the ring and try to rip it away from the other girls. The first girl to let go of the ring will be eliminated. The final round is called Wrap Up. The final 2 girls will have their right arms tied together by a rope thing and will try and pull the other girl to", "id": "19527805" }, { "contents": "Beiimaan Love\n\n\nmy decision,” Chaudhari told \"Mid-Day\". \"Times of India\" rated the film 2 stars and said, \"If you are hankering for a Sunny Leone performance this weekend hop on to Baby Doll on Youtube and call it a day.\" and for Leone's performance, \"Sunny Leone gets A for effort, because her struggle to rise up the content is evident\" \"Filmfare\" rated the film 2 stars and said \"There are two good things about the film, one’s Sunny Leone", "id": "6208899" }, { "contents": "Rossa (singer)\n\n\nbecome increasingly severe. Rossa then got the highest award from \"Anugerah Planet Music Award 2018\", namely \"Planet Music Special Award / Legend Award\" on September 28, 2018 in Singapore. This award was given to Rossa for being considered an Indonesian artist who successfully in region music market. Where the albums are always selling, well until the concert tickets are always sold out not only in Indonesia. On October 1, 2018, the Rising Star Indonesia also officially announced that Rossa would again be the judge of \"Rising", "id": "3399597" }, { "contents": "Brawl Stars\n\n\nare converted into Star Points (which are used to buy exclusive skins in the in-game shop), 1 lost trophy=1 Star Point. Players can join clubs to play alongside other players. Players can also create their own club for free. There is a trophy road in which players get rewards with succession in trophies. There are four currencies in the game at the moment, Gems, Coins, Star Points and Tickets (used for ticketed events), plus Power Points and Tokens. \"Brawl Stars\" is centered", "id": "10451939" }, { "contents": "Fablehaven: Rise of the Evening Star\n\n\nanyone who is 13 and older meaning that Seth, who is 12, is the only one that can enter. When he succeeds in getting the item, it bites him and teeth marks are left in his skin. Later, Errol asks Kendra and Seth to help him retrieve another object that can help save their grandparent's secret preserve for mythical beings, Fablehaven. Kendra is suspicious and so decides to call her Grandpa Sorenson but he fails to respond. After many failed attempts her grandpa finally calls back and tells them not", "id": "12404888" }, { "contents": "UEFA Euro 1980\n\n\nas Bernd Schuster, Hans-Peter Briegel, Horst Hrubesch, Hansi Müller and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, and the inspirational performance of Belgium (around rising stars such as Jan Ceulemans, Eric Gerets, Jean-Marie Pfaff, and Erwin Vandenbergh) who reached the final, only losing to West Germany (2–1) by a Hrubesch goal two minutes before time. Each national team had to submit a squad of 22 players. The teams finishing in the top position in each of the two groups progress to the finals, while", "id": "12965280" }, { "contents": "The Ticket Factory\n\n\n; LG Arena, the National Indoor Arena and National Exhibition Centre, as well as being the primary agent for River Street Events and Haymarket. The Ticket Factory is member of the Society of Ticket Agents and Retailers (STAR). Notably, The Ticket Factory became exclusive ticket agent for the Society of London Theatre’s (SOLT) ‘Get Into London Theatre’ 2014 campaign. In 2012, Barclaycard partnered with The Ticket Factory to become their official payment partner, which evolved into the Barclaycard Unwind brand and Fee Free Friday.", "id": "3866921" }, { "contents": "Half Ticket\n\n\nHalf Ticket, directed by Kalidas, is a 1962 classic Hindi film starring Kishore Kumar, Madhubala and Pran. The film is based on the Hollywood movie \"You're Never Too Young\". Vijay (Kishore Kumar) is the good-for-nothing son of a rich industrialist, who becomes bored of his father's constant railing and the efforts to marry him off, with the intention of getting him \"settled\" in life. So Vijay walks out of his home and decides to leave for Bombay and start life", "id": "5969373" }, { "contents": "Saint Joseph Regional High School\n\n\nhad seven final nominations for the Helen Hayes Theater Awards, and four final nominations for the Paper Mill Rising Star Awards. \"West Side Story\" also received the 2008 Showstopper Runner-Up Award for best musical in the country by \"USA Weekend\". Helen Hayes Theater Awards include: Paper Mill Rising Star Awards include: The 2009 musical was \"The Who's Tommy\". SJR received seven final nominations from the Metropolitan High School Theater Awards, formerly known as the Helen Hayes Youth Theater Awards, and three final nominations", "id": "7917857" }, { "contents": "2018 AFF Championship\n\n\n!\". Many Malaysian and Vietnamese fans who cannot get even a single ticket are also disappointed over how tickets management are being conducted by both FAM and VFF. In Malaysia, many of the fans queue up overnight and even camping outside the stadium with some are unconscious after being trampled by other fans in crowded areas. Similar situation also occurred in Vietnam, hundreds of Vietnam People's Army (VPA) wounded veteran gathered outside the VFF's office gate to buy priority tickets for the second final match since the VFF had", "id": "21811306" }, { "contents": "Secrets of the Stars\n\n\nSecrets of the Stars is a story of \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" which was broadcast on CBBC in 2-parts on 20 and 27 October 2008. It is the third serial of the second series. The scene opens up on a woman, Cheryl visiting an astrologer to see her future in the stars. The man is a con artist, deceiving his customers to get money out of them, to which he finally admits this Cheryl (who has been visiting him frequently) when she reveals that she is using her mortgage money", "id": "21715834" }, { "contents": "Fiesta Shows\n\n\nrides and concession set up for fairs and carnivals. At the gate, admission is usually less than 2 or 3 dollars to get into the carnival or fair. To get on the rides and attractions, you need to purchase tickets. Tickets are sold at any ticket window you can find at your local carnival or fair. Each ride usually takes 3 to 5 tickets for anyone willing to participate on them. Typical game concessions. Here are a list of carnival rides that Fiesta Shows currently has (in alphabetical order).", "id": "15251563" }, { "contents": "Rising Star Indonesia\n\n\nthe results of voting of the first and second appearance Ghaitsa accumulated and get the lowest number of votes which would automatically qualify for the next stage. In the final round, Indah and Hanin must compete to get the highest voting. By singing the song \"Animals\" from Maroon 5 in the first round, \"Man Down\" from Rihanna in the second half and the victory song, \"Come N Love Me\" at the end of the round, Indah Nevertari get the highest number of votes and became the champion of", "id": "21339420" }, { "contents": "Honduras national football team\n\n\nled the two teams into a winner-take-all final match. On the 27th of June the final match was played in Mexico City in Estadio Azteca. By the end of the match the team of El Salvador emerged victorious with a score of 3:2. This result left Honduras home and helped El Salvador punch their ticket into the 1970 World Cup. Honduras qualified for the World Cup finals for the first time in 1982. Despite getting draws against host Spain, 1–1, and Northern Ireland, 1–1, they could not", "id": "15797355" }, { "contents": "Penrith Australian Football Club\n\n\ngame and had an extremely satisfying season. Individually, Ramettes Natalie Camilleri made the Sydney AFL Women's team of the year and Stephanie Kostic won the Sydney AFL Women's Rising Star award. The Rams maintained five sides for season 2013. The most successful of these was the Ramettes, now in the newly created Women's Division 2 competition, who won their First Semi-Final in extra time and bowed out of contention in the Preliminary Final. The best of the other sides was Senior Grade, finishing in sixth position,", "id": "21020266" }, { "contents": "Loose in London\n\n\nLoose in London is a 1953 comedy film starring The Bowery Boys. The film was released on May 24, 1953 by Allied Artists and is the thirtieth film in the series. Sach receives notice that a dying British earl is his long-lost relative. He travels there with the rest of the gang after exchanging his free first-class ticket for four economy class tickets. Meanwhile, Louie, who is on board to say goodbye, gets locked in a closet and becomes a stowaway. When the boys arrive in London", "id": "16872716" }, { "contents": "2018 Malaysia FA Cup Final\n\n\nThe 2018 Malaysia FA Cup Final was the 29th final of the Malaysia FA Cup, the Malaysia football cup competition. Pahang won the cup after defeating Selangor 2–0. The final was played on 7 July 2018 at Bukit Jalil National Stadium. \"Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first.\" Each club received an allocation of 80,000 tickets; 30,750 tickets for Selangor, 30,750 tickets for Pahang and 18,500 tickets for online purchase. The final was played as a single match. If tied after", "id": "20638301" }, { "contents": "Eyes Open Tour\n\n\non 28 January, were priced at 350 pesos, and could be obtained through Ticketmaster. The final leg of the tour was in Australia and New Zealand. Tickets for the Australian dates went on sale on 15 June via Ticketek. A pre-sale was held before the said date for website members. To add to it, the band offered a copy of \"Final Straw\" for every purchased ticket. Tickets for the New Zealand shows 18 July via Ticketek and Ticketmaster. Members again were given the chance of getting tickets", "id": "5458320" }, { "contents": "Leicester Square\n\n\n. Tickets for theatre performances taking place around the West End that day and during the week are sold from the booth at a significant discount. The popularity of the booth has given rise to other booths and stores around the Square that advertise half-price tickets for West End shows. The Official London Theatre Guide recommends avoiding these booths as they are not official and do not contain the Society of Ticket Agents & Retailers (STAR) logo. The Square is home to the Hippodrome Casino. Following a £40m refurbishment in", "id": "10184935" }, { "contents": "Star Rise\n\n\nStar Rise is a remix from two previous Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan–Michael Brook collaborations. The album was dedicated to the memory of Khan, who died prior to the album's completion, and released posthumously by Real World Records. Tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, and 8 are remixed from the 1996 album \"Night Song\". Tracks 3, 4, 7, and 9 are remixed from the 1990 album \"Mustt Mustt\". According to the \"Star Rise\" liner notes, the Nitin Sawhney remix", "id": "4712215" }, { "contents": "Café Montmartre\n\n\na symbol of glamor across the United States and gained renown as a place where one could get a ticket to stardom, due to the many film bosses and stars who frequented the venue. Tourists from around the country visited daily, hoping to be spotted and to make their name as a film star. Some were lucky; Don Terry was discovered by Fox screenwriter Charles Francis Coe at the restaurant, who gave Terry his business card and invited him to the Fox lot for a screen test. Terry was later signed as the", "id": "5463146" }, { "contents": "2017 Malaysia FA Cup Final\n\n\nThe 2017 Malaysia FA Cup Final was the 28th final of the Malaysia FA Cup, the Malaysia football cup competition. Kedah won the cup after defeating Pahang 3–2 and were assured a place for the 2018 AFC Cup group stage. The final was played on 20 May 2017 at Shah Alam Stadium. Each club received an allocation of 72,000 tickets; 32,750 tickets for Pahang, 32,750 tickets for Kedah and 6,500 tickets for purchase online. The final was played as a single match. If tied after regulation, extra time and, if", "id": "3171601" }, { "contents": "The Ticket of Leave Man (1912 film)\n\n\nThe Ticket of Leave Man is a 1912 Australian silent film directed by Gaston Mervale starring Louise Lovely. John Galloway serves time in prison and gets his ticket of leave. He rescues Lady Northon from some roadside ruffians, and her belief in him encourages him to reform. However his old associates, led by Yellow Rose, are keen to get him to participate in a bank robbery. John refuses, the robbery goes ahead and Yellow Rose hides some stolen papers. John is blamed and the gang's hiding place is raided.", "id": "12274260" }, { "contents": "Club León\n\n\nat Cruz Azul Hidalgo with goals from Freddy Barreiro and Mauritius Romero drawing 1–1 in the return of Jorge Almirón goal, in a 3–2 semi-finals defeat Durango with many of Borboja, Juan Carlos Rojas and Almirón; and reach the final against Golden tying the first game 2–2 and Romero Barreiro goals, turn held in Estadio Banorte on May 17; wins León Barreiro work 1–0 74' to get your ball game rise against Indios de Ciudad Juárez, which had a season ago eliminated in semi-finals, the round was the", "id": "16881312" }, { "contents": "Dyson Heppell\n\n\n, Essendon selected him ahead of midfielders Dion Prestia and Shaun Atley. Heppell, who supported the Bombers as a child and had \"idolised\" Hird while growing up, said that getting drafted by Essendon was \"like a dream\". Heppell received the first Rising Star nomination for 2011 after recording 20 possessions in his debut AFL match, against the Western Bulldogs in round 1. In his first season, he played every match of the home and away season and was described as a major contributor in helping Essendon make the finals", "id": "11172149" }, { "contents": "A Ticket in Tatts (1934 film)\n\n\nA Ticket in Tatts is a 1934 musical comedy film starring popular stage comedian George Wallace as an accident-prone stablehand. It was the last of three films Wallace made for F. W. Thring. After being fired from his job at a grocer, George, gets a job as a stableboy at a local stud farm run by the Fleming family. He befriends the horse Hotspur who is a favourite to win the Melbourne Cup, and develops a strong whistle which is used to make the horse run fast. Gangsters working for the", "id": "8403095" }, { "contents": "Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid\n\n\nYour Ticket is No Longer Valid is a 1981 Canadian film directed by George Kaczender and starring Richard Harris, George Peppard, Jennifer Dale, and Jeanne Moreau. Harris later regarded the film as one of the biggest artistic disappointments of his career. A businessman (Richard Harris) has a younger girlfriend who loves him. He struggles to be able to perform in bed. He gets aroused however at the thought of his girlfriend being made love to by a handsome thief. The businessman becomes obsessed with tracking down the thief. The", "id": "8668887" }, { "contents": "GEM Altigliss Challenge\n\n\ncourse. The event is usually combined with a DJ performance and it is graded 2 stars in the Ticket to Ride (World Snowboard Tour). The finals of Ride Her First are divided into two parts. The first official part is a team contest in which riders perform tricks on the course, in groups of three. The teams are judged by style, technique and synchronization of the tricks. The best groups are rewarded with prizes in skiing and snowboarding equipment. The second part of the finals is the free session,", "id": "10040348" }, { "contents": "Robert Thornton (darts player)\n\n\n, and world numbers 4 and 5, Gary Anderson and Wes Newton. In the semi-finals he faced rising star Dave Chisnall and with the scores level at 2–2 early on, Thornton produced a devastating run and took the match 10–4 to reach his second major PDC final, where he played fifteen time world champion Phil Taylor. Thornton trailed 0–2 in the final but then won nine of the next ten legs, as his opponent missed 23 darts at a double, and went on to seal an 11–5 victory with a 121", "id": "10548630" }, { "contents": "Howard Moscoe\n\n\nthat a shouting match between Moscoe and union president Bob Kinnear sparked the final successful negotiations. When the union accepted a tentative deal, Moscoe remarked, \"I feel like a member of the bomb squad who was faced with a green wire and red one and thank God we cut the red wire\". Moscoe oversaw TTC fare increases in both 2005 and 2006. The 2005 increase saw adult fares rise by 25 cents and the price of tickets and tokens rise by ten cents; the TTC attempted to mitigate the inconvenience by simultaneously", "id": "18502128" }, { "contents": "Mortimer Zuckerman\n\n\nexpensive primary. Critics pointed to apparent inconsistencies in Zuckerman's publicly stated positions on key issues. Wayne Barrett, of the \"Village Voice\" wrote: \"If real estate titan Mort Zuckerman gets into the senate race against Kirsten Gillibrand, we'll finally have a vigorous debate about the big-ticket issues troubling Americans. All we have to do is listen to Mort and we'll get both sides of the key economic questions.\" However, on March 2, 2010, he declined to run, citing family and work", "id": "18212102" }, { "contents": "French rugby union system\n\n\nPoints scored in the preliminary phase are \"not\" kept. Teams only play teams from other groups. The best four top clubs are automatically qualified for the quarter finals. The other two top clubs and the six n°2 clubs have to fight it out in a play-off game to get into the quarter finals. The two finalists are promoted to Pro D2 and play for the championship. In the past, the losing semifinalists played for a third ticket to Pro D2, but no longer do so after the", "id": "9520818" }, { "contents": "2010 Scottish Cup Final\n\n\nfourth-round game was against First Division side Partick Thistle and fifth-round game was against SPL side St. Johnstone. In the quarter-final, United took the defending champions Rangers to a replay at Tannadice in which they won 1–0. In the semi-final they faced another First Division team in Raith Rovers, who they beat 2–0. Dundee United sold more than 20,000 tickets for the match up to the end of April and have asked the Scottish Football Association for another 5,000 tickets. Ross County president Roy McGregor expects", "id": "4131713" }, { "contents": "The Bhoys from Seville\n\n\nfor £500 in the lead up to the game. UEFA and the Spanish police had warned Celtic fans to avoid buying the 700 estimated fake tickets that were circulating before the game. Many of the fans who were not able to get tickets for the final watched the game on a large screen placed a mile from the stadium. There was a scramble to arrange travel to Spain for what was described by a member of the Madrid Celtic Supporters Club as \"one of the biggest events in sporting history\". Celtic fans travelled", "id": "8646012" }, { "contents": "2018 General Aung San Shield Final\n\n\nGeneral Aung San Shield final. Both Yangon United and Hanthawady United received a ticket allocation of 10,000 for the game. Ticket price are 1,000 MMK(Normal Ticket) and 2,000MMK(Special Ticket). Yangon United, as a National League team, started their campaign in the Quter Final. In it, they defeated GFA. At Thuwunna, Yangon United won 2-0 with goals from Aee Soe and Zaw Min Tun. In the Semi-final, Yangon United were drawn against Magwe. At Home Stadium, Yangon United won 1–0 with goals", "id": "8421838" }, { "contents": "Rising Star (French TV series)\n\n\nwith following episodes as audiences fell below the 2-million benchmark and with 6 November 2014 only 1.52 million viewers capturing just 6.7% of the market. M6 announced that the French adaptation of \"Rising Star\" had failed to attain the figures M6 had anticipated, although its format was welcomed as \"audacious\" and \"innovative\". M6 followed that by its decision to cut short the planned series by two episodes, and airing the finals much earlier than anticipated, i.e. by 13 November 2014. The candidates (or groups) perform", "id": "18533585" }, { "contents": "Knight and Day\n\n\ndropped for \"Knight and Day\", ticket sales for \"Toy Story\" only fell by three percent, \"The Karate Kid\" dropped by six percent; while other films increased revenues at the same time, including, \"Shrek Forever After\", \"Sex and the City 2\", \"Get Him to the Greek\", \"Killers\", and \"Robin Hood\". In its first weekend, \"Knight and Day\" was paired up against \"Grown Ups\", a comedy film starring Adam Sandler", "id": "17611015" }, { "contents": "Daniel Talia\n\n\nDaniel Talia (born 2 October 1991) is a professional Australian rules football player who plays for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted with selection 13 in the 2009 National Draft from the Calder Cannons. In 2012 he won the AFL Rising Star award as the best young player in the league. Talia is the great-grandson of former player Arthur Stevens, and the grandson of Harvey Stevens who played in Footscray's 1954 VFL Grand Final victory. His younger brother, Michael Talia", "id": "9179465" }, { "contents": "Lemonade Mouth (film)\n\n\nthat was left was Stella, who doesn't have an injury. Stella calls the band to the school, where she is protesting the removal of the lemonade machine. The group gets into a heated argument with the men removing the lemonade machine. Police arrive and they are brought to a holding cell to wait for their parents. They slowly come together singing \"Turn up the Music.\" The band agrees to perform at Rising Star, after contemplating quitting. At Rising Star, Mudslide Crush performs \"Don't Ya Wish", "id": "15424191" }, { "contents": "LKG (film)\n\n\ndiseases, which gets the media attention. Finally, LKG gets the attention of Bojappan and is offered the party ticket to contest. However, Ramraj Pandian, who also happens to be from the same ruling party, gets furious and feels cheated by Bojappan. Ramraj challenges that he will contest in the election as an independent candidate and will try all means to break the party. Now, LKG realises the hardships of contesting in elections. He understands that people are in favour of Ramraj due to his strong influence and image.", "id": "124420" }, { "contents": "Rise (Trip Lee album)\n\n\n, who produced the album, released two remixes of songs from the \"Rise\" album, one of \"Lazarus\" and another of \"Sweet Victory\" for free on SoundCloud. In January 2015, Trip Lee announced the \"Rise Tour\" which he'll be embarking on until August 2015 in support of the album. Trip Lee wrote a book titled \"Rise: Get Up and Live in God's Great Story\" to accompany the album. It was released on January 27, 2015. Signaling in a four star", "id": "7021399" }, { "contents": "Don Adams\n\n\nnot successful in the United States. The show also starred Gordon Clapp, an unknown actor at the time, who developed a rapport with Adams. Adams reprised his Maxwell Smart role one last time on \"Get Smart\" for Fox in 1995, which co-starred Barbara Feldon and rising star Andy Dick as Max and 99's son. Unlike the original version, this show did not appeal to younger viewers, and it was cancelled after just seven episodes. One of his last public appearances was at the Get Smart Gathering", "id": "10779360" }, { "contents": "Grace Unplugged\n\n\nGrace meets up with Johnny's ex-producer, and her star soon begins to rise. Grace's first concert is a success. She gets to meet her favorite female singer, Renae Taylor, who gives her some baffling advice. She gets asked out by a movie star and overhears his conversation on the phone. Grace struggles to comprehend and hold in the information from her favorite singer and the hot movie star that asked her out on a date. People want to hear her next song, and she struggles to write", "id": "3161850" }, { "contents": "Mountain Ash Comprehensive School\n\n\nwin 1000 pounds for charity. The winning students also get guaranteed tickets for WE Day in London. All students involved in the final also get a slim chance of winning tickets for the event. The school started the First Give project in 2017 and hold the final at the end of June. The school is a member of the Cynon Valley 16+ Consortium which combines the sixth-form teaching resources of several local schools. These schools have approximately 620 sixth-form students, most of whom travel between the schools for tuition", "id": "10078576" }, { "contents": "The Apartment - Rising Stars\n\n\nThe Apartment: Rising Stars Edition is the fifth season of reality show competition \"The Apartment\" which after six seasons is the longest running reality competition television show in Asia. The contestants are 12 up-and-coming interior designers competing to win $100,000. Its judges are Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, Jamie Durie (who also hosts), and Genevieve Gorder. In episode 3, Ally & Cara land down bottom 2, but no one home. In episode 4, Andres & Ben land down bottom 2, but", "id": "17165036" }, { "contents": "Dark Rising\n\n\n2/5 stars and wrote, \"What we have here is a handsome-looking, low budget production with an attractive cast who seem up to the task but everyone’s hard work is scuttled by a script that comedically isn’t anywhere as hip or witty as it thinks it is and plot-wise borders on complete gibberish.\" David Johnson of DVD Verdict wrote, \"Slow parts aside, Dark Rising is big fun, wallowing in the excesses of B-movie.\" Adam Tyner of DVD Talk rated it 2/5 stars", "id": "18590819" }, { "contents": "My Little Pony: Twinkle Wish Adventure\n\n\n54 (+76%), Persons 2+ (+124%) and Households (+98%). The Winter Wishes Festival is finally coming and all of the ponies in Ponyville are excited to see Twinkle Wish, a wishing star who grants each pony one special wish. However, after Twinkle Wish gets kidnapped by a dragon named Whimsey Weatherbe, the entire event is facing a big dilemma and it's up to Pinkie Pie and her friends to get her back before the night of the festival. Otherwise, everyone's wishes", "id": "875081" }, { "contents": "2019 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final\n\n\nThe 2019 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match that was played on 30 June at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick. It was contested by Tipperary and Limerick. Limerick won the game on a 2-26 to 2-14 scoreline to win their 20th Munster title. Tickets for the final went on sale on 19 June and ranged in price from €35 to €40 in the stand and €25 to €30 in the terrace. Terrace tickets sold out on the first day. The final was the first", "id": "17596862" }, { "contents": "Yoonew\n\n\nNFC conference). If the trader shorts a Team Fantasy Seat for a team which gets eliminated, she earns the amount at which she shorted the Fantasy Seat. However, in the \"unfortunate\" case the team makes it to the final, she loses her ticket. On February 1, 2010 Yoonew ceased operations. Yoonew personally called its users on 1/31/2010 to make the announcement and notify customers that Yoonew would not be able to deliver Super Bowl 2010 tickets to customers who owned valid futures for that event. In the phone", "id": "8199254" }, { "contents": "Royal Never Give Up\n\n\n, RNG won the championship of Demacia Cup Summer 2017 Playoffs in Changsha. In the 2017 LPL Summer Season, RNG got the first place in the Group B. In July, RNG also helped LPL get its first championship of Rift Rivals. In the 2017 LPL Summer Playoffs, RNG defeated WE with a score of 3:2 in semifinals. Then they were defeated again in finals by EDG with a score of 2:3. Although RNG got two runner-ups in spring and summer season, they gained enough points and got the ticket to", "id": "16023638" }, { "contents": "Rockcorps\n\n\n, including Lady Gaga, David Guetta, Lil Wayne, T.I., Akon, Nelly, Nas, Snoop Dogg, Kanye West, Young Jeezy, Korn, N-Dubz,and Vampire Weekend. RockCorps' principal idea is \"Got 2 Give to Get (U.S.), Give, Get Given (UK). Tagline: Moving a Generation to Change the World Anyone who gives 4 hours of their time at a RockCorps organized volunteer event in their local community gets given a ticket to an exclusive concert put on by RockCorps", "id": "5019425" } ]

[ { "contents": "The One After the Superbowl\n\n\n47 percent audience share, making it the highest-rated episode of any show ever (scripted or otherwise) to debut after the Super Bowl. The advertising rates for \"The One After the Superbowl\" averaged $600,000 for 30 seconds of commercial time. This was one of the largest advertising rates ever for a sitcom at the time. The episode's director, Michael Lembeck, won the 1996 Emmy Award in the \"Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Comedy Series\" category for this episode, the only Emmy won", "id": "8642778" }, { "contents": "Eddie Joost\n\n\nthe Oakland Athletics played the Philadelphia Phillies for the first time in interleague play in June 2003 at Veterans Stadium, the Phillies invited former-Philadelphia A's Joost and Gus Zernial to the games. When the Phillies played the Athletics in Oakland in June 2005, the A's invited Joost to throw out the first pitch before the series opening game on June 17, 2005. Joost was the last living member of the Reds team that won the 1940 World Series. At the time of his death, no living player had played", "id": "2406567" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\n1993, and the Phillies could not post a winning record in either of the Mets' wild-card-winning seasons of 1999 or 2000, when the Mets faced the New York Yankees in the 2000 World Series. The rivalry intensified in the mid 2000s, as the teams battled more often for playoff position. The Mets won the division in 2006, while the Phillies won five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011. The Phillies' 2007 championship was won on the last day of the season as the Mets lost a", "id": "3506828" }, { "contents": "Sergio Escalona\n\n\nstriking out one batter against the Washington Nationals. The Phillies went on to defeat their opponents, 8–6; Escalona was the pitcher of record in the game, earning his maiden Non-minor League victory in his first game. This was the second consecutive victory by a rookie in a Phillies uniform, as Andrew Carpenter had earned his first victory the night before; the last time that had happened was 2007, when Cole Hamels and Kyle Kendrick won back-to-back games for the Phillies. On January 10, 2011", "id": "8707356" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XXXIX\n\n\ncity of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philly-based pro sports team since the 1983 Sixers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a 13-3 record, when they beat the Falcons and Vikings in the reverse order that they did in the 2004-05 playoffs. They exacted revenge on New England in Super Bowl LII, defeating them 41–33. As of 2019, this is the last time that", "id": "11645871" }, { "contents": "Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\nremained low-key before the 2006 season, as the teams had seldom been equally good at the same time. Since 2006, the teams have battled for playoff position. The Mets won the division in 2006 and contended in 2007 and 2008, while the Phillies won five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011. The Phillies' 2007 Eastern Division Title was won on the last day of the season as the Mets lost a seven-game lead with seventeen games remaining. Although the rivalry lacks the hatred of the Mets,", "id": "4252407" }, { "contents": "1972 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1972 Philadelphia Phillies season saw the team finish with a record of 59–97, last place in the National League East. The Phils made perhaps one of the most significant trades in their history on February 25, when they traded Rick Wise to the St. Louis Cardinals for Steve Carlton. Both teams were engaged in difficult contract negotiations with each pitcher. Carlton went on to win four Cy Young Awards with the Phillies, and Wise continued a solid career. Carlton won his first Cy Young Award on the 1972 Phillies who won only", "id": "5323903" }, { "contents": "Major League Baseball rivalries\n\n\nin 2006, while the Phillies won five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011. The Phillies' 2007 championship was won on the last day of the season as the Mets lost a seven-game lead with 17 games remaining. The Phillies broke the Curse of Billy Penn to win the 2008 World Series, while the Mets' last title came in the 1986 World Series. In 2015, the Mets won the National League Championship Series for their fifth pennant while the Phillies entered a rebuild phase. The Mets beat the Phillies", "id": "19117994" }, { "contents": "Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\ntitles, with the Braves having won 12 times, and the Phillies having won 11 times each since 1969, with the Braves holding it for eleven consecutive years from 1995 through 2005. The rivalry between the Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates was considered by some to be one of the best rivalries in the National League. The rivalry started when the Pittsburgh Pirates entered National League play in their fifth season of 1887, four years after the Phillies. The Phillies and the Pirates had remained together after the National League split into two divisions", "id": "4252409" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nIn 1960, the Phillies were in last place when the Pirates won the World Series. It was during the 1970s that the rivalry became intense. The Phillies and the Pirates made up 10 of the possible 22 National League Championship Series appearances from 1970 to 1980. However, neither team enjoyed success during LCS appearances. The Phillies went 1–3 and the Pirates went 2–4 in NLCS appearances. In most cases, the teams had to face \"The Big Red Machine\" of the Cincinnati Reds in the NLCS. In each of the", "id": "13065520" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\nseven-game lead with 17 games remaining. The Phillies broke the Curse of Billy Penn to win the 2008 World Series, while the Mets' last title came in the 1986 World Series. In 2015, the Mets won the National League Championship Series for their fifth pennant while the Phillies entered a rebuild phase. The Mets beat the Phillies 14 times and lost 5 for a lopsided season series. The season still provided contentious moments such as, Mets pitcher Matt Harvey drilling Phillies 2nd baseman Chase Utley in retaliation for Mets players", "id": "3506829" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nhit a grand slam home run and it looked like the lead would be cut to half a game. Instead, Phillies pitcher Randy Lerch hit two home runs to help the Phillies come from behind to win the game, 10–8, to win their third straight division title on the next-to-last day of the season. This was the first time that visiting teams won a division title at Three Rivers Stadium. In the postseason, the Phillies lost for the second year in a row to the Dodgers in the 1978", "id": "13065529" }, { "contents": "Philly Swain\n\n\nMr. Philadelphia on Sony. In the MC battlefield, Philly won the Eminem Red Bull Tournament as Best MC. However, competing across the world in multiple battle leagues was taking away from Philly’s time in the studio and so, at the top of his game, Philly decided to retire, but not before another documentary was made, called The Last Battle. Tyga ft. Lil wayne - “4 My Dawgs” (Producer) 2015 Tyga - “Work” (Writer) 2014 Christina Milian - We Ain’t Worried", "id": "4634572" }, { "contents": "1964 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nand then suffering a drastic collapse during the final two weeks of the season. The \"Phold of '64\", as it became known, is one of the most infamous collapses in baseball history. From 1919 through 1947, the Phillies finished last a total of 17 times and next to last seven times. A 1962 cartoon in a baseball magazine depicted a ballplayer arriving at a French Foreign Legion outpost, explaining, \"I was released by the Phillies!\" Things began to change slowly beginning in 1960 when Gene Mauch", "id": "21983501" }, { "contents": "Superbowl of Wrestling\n\n\nThe Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 1970s. It was one of the first professional wrestling \"Supercards\". The first Superbowl of Wrestling was held in Cleveland, Ohio at Municipal Stadium on August 12, 1972. Three rings were set up, side by side, and often more than one match would be going on at a time. Attendance figures have been estimated as high as 20,000 and as low as 5,000. No reliable sources seem to agree on a number. Here are partial results of the show", "id": "22210739" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\nwon the 1969 World Series and the National League pennant in 1973, while the Mets did not enjoy success in the late 1970s when the Phillies won three straight division championships. Although both teams each won a World Series in the 1980s, the Mets were not serious contenders in the Phillies' playoff years (1980, 1981, and 1983), nor did the Phillies seriously contend in the Mets' playoff years (1986 and 1988). The Mets were the Majors' worst team when the Phillies won the NL pennant in", "id": "3506827" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nthey won their first World Series, in , becoming the first team to open a new stadium with a World Series championship, having played their first season at Forbes Field that year. The Phillies were in the midst of a period of futility from 1918 to 1948 when the Pirates won the 1925 World Series and the 1927 National League pennant. During that time, the Phillies had only one winning season, in 1932. From 1933 to 1948, the Phillies posted 16 consecutive losing seasons, a major league record that stood until", "id": "13065518" }, { "contents": "Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\nstreaks of futility in baseball history. From 1918 to 1948, the Phillies had only one winning record (78–76 in 1932), only finished higher than sixth twice, and were never a serious factor past June. During this stretch, they finished last a total of 17 times and next to last seven times. This saddled the franchise with a reputation for failure that dogged it for many years. The team's primary stars during the 1920s and 1930s were outfielders Cy Williams, Lefty O'Doul, and Chuck Klein, who won", "id": "4252338" }, { "contents": "Mediterranean Challenge Cup\n\n\nwon six of seven women's \"all-events\" gold medals. The eighth MCC was held in St. Julian's (Malta) for the second time at Eden Superbowl, with Turkey withdrawing. Anastasia Rovithaki (Greece) and Marcial Ovide (Spain) won the singles events. Anastasia Rovithaki-Despina Chrisanthi (Greece) won women's doubles and Yaniv Gresario-Yahav Rabin (Israel) won men's doubles. Malta won the teams event. Abela and Ovide won the \"all-events\" gold medals, just", "id": "10665762" }, { "contents": "1941 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1941 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in Major League Baseball. The Phillies finished eighth in the National League with a record of 43 wins and 111 losses. On July 1, the Phillies played the Dodgers in Brooklyn; the game was televised by WNBT in New York (now WNBC), making the ballgame the first program aired by a commercial TV station in the United States. Although the Phillies finished dead last and the Dodgers later won the pennant, Philadelphia won the game 6–4, in 10 innings. \"Note", "id": "4955248" }, { "contents": "1982–83 Philadelphia 76ers season\n\n\n), which they accomplished in 13 games. The 76ers were also led by Julius Erving, Maurice Cheeks, Andrew Toney, and Bobby Jones. The 1983 NBA Finals was the last to end before June 1. This championship is especially noted because it would be the last major sports championship for the city of Philadelphia until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. At the time, no other city with all four professional sports teams had a championship drought last as long as that from 1983–2008 (25 years). When the", "id": "619867" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nperiod, the Pirates won three straight division champions, from 1970 to 1972. However, the Phillies didn't enjoy any success, finishing next-to-last in 1970 and in last place in 1971 and 1972. On June 25, 1971, Willie Stargell of the Pirates hit the longest home run in history of Veterans Stadium in a 14-4 Pirates win. The spot where the ball landed was marked with a yellow star with a black \"S\" inside a white circle until Stargell's 2001 death, when", "id": "13065523" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\n1976 and last in 1977 and 1978. In 1980, McGraw was on the mound against the Kansas City Royals when the Phillies won their first World Series championship, earning his fourth save of that postseason. He struck out Willie Wilson with the bases loaded to preserve the win for Steve Carlton and the Phillies, leaping from the mound to embrace catcher Bob Boone on the field at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia. Sportswriter Allen Barra recounted that McGraw, in the victory parade after the World Series, told New York fans they could \"", "id": "3506837" }, { "contents": "Major League Baseball rivalries\n\n\n1964, the first perfect game in Phillies history, which happened when the Mets were on a losing streak. The Phillies were near the bottom of the NL East when the Mets won the 1969 World Series and the National League pennant in 1973, while the Mets did not enjoy success in the late 1970s when the Phillies won three straight division championships. Although both teams each won a World Series in the 1980s, the Mets were not serious contenders in the Phillies' playoff years (1980, 1981, and 1983),", "id": "19117992" }, { "contents": "2012 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nwith the bases loaded in the ninth inning to win the game and the series. The victory also put them out of last place in the NL East for the first time since June 27. The Phillies then took 1 of 3 from the Braves, a team that they got swept by in the past 2 series. In game 1 of the series, the Phillies saw their sellout streak end when the Phillies did not have a sell-out crowd. This ended their streak at 257 games, the third-longest sellout", "id": "16779432" }, { "contents": "Mediterranean Challenge Cup\n\n\nheld March 31 - April 7, 2019 in St. Julian's, Malta for the third time (previously hosted in 1999 and 2005) at Eden Superbowl. This was the biggest edition yet, attracting 16 Federations. Egypt, Kosovo and Portugal participated for the first time, while Gibraltar and Israel returned after a one-year absence. The singles events were won by Georgia Sagona (Greece) and Antonino Fiorentino (Italy). Sara Xuereb and Sue Abela (Malta) won women's doubles, while Ege Gediz and Erkeskin", "id": "10665782" }, { "contents": "Bob Molinaro\n\n\n65 games of action, Molinaro was purchased by the Philadelphia Phillies on August 31 and finished the season with the Phillies, seeing playing time in 19 games. The 1983 season was Molinaro's last in the majors. After returning to the Phillies and playing in 19 games, he was released on June 6 and found himself back in the minor league's this time playing for the Triple A Indianapolis Indians. A return to the Major Leagues came that September when on the 1st Molinaro was signed as a free agent by the Detroit", "id": "9113181" }, { "contents": "Steve Carlton\n\n\n-most lifetime wins of any left-handed pitcher (11th overall). He was the first pitcher to win four Cy Young Awards in a career. He held the lifetime strikeout record several times between and , before his contemporary Nolan Ryan passed him. One of his most remarkable records was accounting for nearly half (46%) of his team's wins, when he won 27 games for the last-place (59-97) Phillies. He is the last National League pitcher to win 25 or more games", "id": "7635255" }, { "contents": "1978 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1978 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 96th season in the history of the franchise. The Phillies won their third straight National League East title with a record of 90-72, a game and a half over the Pittsburgh Pirates, as the Phillies defeated the Pirates in Pittsburgh on the next to last day of the season. For the third consecutive season the Phillies came up short in the NLCS, as the Los Angeles Dodgers defeated them three games to one, as they had the previous season. The Phillies were managed by", "id": "2030141" }, { "contents": "1983 NBA Finals\n\n\nuntil the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. At the time, no other city with all four professional sports teams had a championship drought last as long as that from 1983 to 2008 (25 Years). Some suggested that this was the Curse of Billy Penn. When the Flyers played for the 2010 Stanley Cup, \"The Ottawa Citizen\" reported that the main reason for that lengthy championship drought was because the only years the city's teams played for championships during that time were years presidents were inaugurated. The city's", "id": "4938746" }, { "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1958 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 76th in franchise history. The Phillies finished the season in last place in the National League. It was the Phillies third losing season in five seasons, and their fourth losing season during the 1950s. Following their off-season move from Brooklyn to Los Angeles, the Dodgers played their first game as the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Phillies at Miami Stadium in the 1958 spring training opener on March 8, 1958. The Phillies won 7 to 4. With the move of the Brooklyn Dodgers", "id": "4955630" }, { "contents": "Best Boy (film)\n\n\nBest Boy is a 1979 documentary made by Ira Wohl. The film received critical acclaim, and won many awards including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1979. The film follows Ira's mentally handicapped cousin, Philly Wohl, who at that time was 52 years old and still living with his elderly parents. Ira forces his aunt and uncle to realize that they will not be around to care for Philly forever, and that they must start making preparations for when that time should come. Philly then begins to attend classes", "id": "15746685" }, { "contents": "Bo Díaz\n\n\nwith two outs in the ninth inning, when Díaz hit a grand slam home run off Neil Allen to win the game for the Phillies by a score of 10 to 9. On September 23, Díaz was the Phillies catcher when Steve Carlton won the 300th game of his career. With the Phillies leading the game by a score of 3 to 2 in the fifth inning, Díaz sealed the victory with a two-run single. The Phillies won 12 out of the final 14 games of the season to win the National", "id": "10204121" }, { "contents": "Toni Rose\n\n\nNWA Women's World Tag Team Championship twice with The Fabulous Moolah. They first won the title in May 1970, but lost it to Donna Christanello and Kathy O'Day. During a rematch in June, Rose and Moolah regained the title. Later that November, Rose won the title, this time with Christanello. In 1972 at the Superbowl of Wrestling, they defended the World Women's Tag Team Championship against Sandy Parker and Debbie Johnson. During their reign, there was an unrecorded title change; Susan \"Tex\" Green and", "id": "4210134" }, { "contents": "2012 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nhas been the hottest Phillies's pitcher since. Right away in his next outing, he shut the Miami Marlins out, allowing no runs. He did the same in his next outing against a normally strong Milwaukee Brewers offense. Although in his next outing Kyle allowed a 2-run home run against the Washington Nationals, Kendrick received his 3rd win in a row when the Phillies won 4-2. Kendrick picked up his fourth win in a row when the Phillies won 3-2 against the New York Mets. The Phillies were", "id": "16779436" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\nthe last of the 16 teams that made up the major leagues from 1901 to 1960 to win a World Series. By comparison, the other 15 teams had each appeared in at least three World Series and won it at least once. During the early 1980s, when baseball was becoming more drug-conscious, several Philadelphia players admitted to having used amphetamines from time to time. A memorable \"Philadelphia Daily News\" headline dubbed the team \"The Pillies\". The team made the playoffs in the strike-shortened 1981 season", "id": "11182218" }, { "contents": "2017 Washington Nationals season\n\n\nof four from the Phillies at home, suffered a rare series loss to the Braves at home as the visitors won two of three, dropped two of three to the visiting Dodgers, returned the favor in Atlanta by winning two of three there, again won two of three against the Mets in Queens, lost two of three to the Phillies in their last road series of the season, and finished the month having taken two of three from the Pirates in their last homestand of the season with one game left to play.", "id": "13801326" }, { "contents": "2014 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\n-three at the plate (doubling and driving in a run). The Phillies lost the series, with the bullpen failing to hold the lead in a third-game 6–4 loss. Their final series of the season, at home, was three games with the Braves. The Phillies won the opener with a strong start by Williams, who ended his Phillies season with a 2.83 ERA. Although Burnett pitched decently in game two, the Braves won 4–2. The Phillies' season ended when Hamels, despite a quality start", "id": "3470948" }, { "contents": "1972 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\n59 games. Carlton was 27–10 and the team was 32–87 when Carlton did not pitch. No pitcher in the twentieth century has won as high a proportion of his team's victories (45.8%). Carlton also led the N.L. in ERA (1.97), strikeouts (310), and innings pitched (346). During the season, Steve Carlton became the last pitcher to win at least 25 games in one season for the Phillies in the 20th century. On July 10, manager Frank Lucchesi was fired with the", "id": "5323904" }, { "contents": "Carlos Ruiz (baseball)\n\n\nthe years. Subsequently, in game 3 of the 2008 World Series, Ruiz tapped a ground ball up the third-base line for a walk-off infield single, the first in MLB history. Ruiz noted, \"I heard them cheering. And that's when I knew, 'Okay it's over' ... I'll take a win.\" The Phillies eventually won the World Series for the first time since 1980, doing so in five games, the last of which began on October 27 and ended on", "id": "19082294" }, { "contents": "2009 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\ndespite Stairs' grand slam; it was their third loss of the season to Washington in fifteen games. The Mets came to Philadelphia for their last series of the season, which began on September 11. The Phillies won game one, 4–2, but the Mets came from behind in the second game of the series, scoring five runs in the final two innings to win 10–9. Making up a postponed game from earlier in the season, the Phillies won the first game of a day-night doubleheader behind Kyle Kendrick's", "id": "12361226" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\ndiscussions after Wagner departed the Phillies. For the first time in 2006, both franchises fielded contenders until deep into the season. The Mets steadily led the NL East (finally supplanting the decade-long division champions, the Atlanta Braves), while the Phillies maintained pace as a wild card contender until the very end of the season. The Mets won the head-to-head season matchup, beating the Phillies 11 out of 18 times. The Mets won the division, but lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in the", "id": "3506863" }, { "contents": "Melvin Ingram\n\n\n\" He also said that \"I was taught you've got to speak stuff into existence. If you want to do something, you've got to say you're going to do it and then you've got to go do it.\" In the end, Ingram and the Chargers failed to make it to the Superbowl when they lost to the eventual Superbowl champion New England Patriots by a score of 41-28 in the divisional round of the playoffs. On June 17, 2019, Ingram predicted that the Chargers would", "id": "20521279" }, { "contents": "Adam Eaton (pitcher)\n\n\none of the worst in the league; despite this, the Phillies won the National League Eastern Division for the first time since . However, Eaton was not included in the postseason roster. Eaton's performance with the Phillies in the first half of the season was also decidedly poor; through July 12, he notched a 3–8 record in 19 starts with an earned run average of 5.71. His last two outings before the All-Star break were a prime example; he yielded a combined 17 hits and 14 runs in 6", "id": "661244" }, { "contents": "Prince (New Girl)\n\n\nmake it funny and romantic. The last sitcom to follow the Super Bowl was \"The Office\" in 2009, while the \"Friends\" episode \"The One After the Superbowl\" is the highest-rated Super Bowl lead-out program ever. On December 12, 2013, it was announced that Prince would be guest starring in the episode as himself, marking the first time he had ever appeared in a television sitcom. Meriwether told O'Connell that near to the time Fox gave \"New Girl\" the post-Super", "id": "13887565" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\n. All Pennsylvania is proud of you.\" In the 1980s, the rivalry saw a moment of peace twice. The game between the two teams during the Phillies home opener on April 13, 1981 was a moment of peace in the rivalry. When the Phillies received their World Series rings, the team in the visitors' dugout was the Pirates. The Phillies won the game 5–1, giving Phillies starter Steve Carlton his 250th career victory. In 1982, when Willie Stargell played his final season, both the Phillies and Pirates", "id": "13065532" }, { "contents": "2009 National League Division Series\n\n\n2007 NLDS. The Dodgers and Cardinals last met in the postseason during the 2004 NLDS, which the Cardinals won 3–1. The Dodgers and Phillies won their respective series—the Dodgers three games to none and the Phillies three games to one. The Phillies defeated the Dodgers in the NLCS by a series score of 4–1, and lost the 2009 World Series to the New York Yankees, 4–2. 9:37 p.m. (ET) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California Neither team's starting pitcher was particularly effective in the series opener", "id": "4134586" }, { "contents": "Steve Carlton\n\n\nPittsburgh Pirates slugger Willie Stargell once remarked, \"Hitting Steve Carlton's slider is like trying to drink coffee with a fork\". \"Auggie Busch traded me to the last-place Phillies over a salary dispute,\" Reflected Carlton on his 1972 season. \"I was mentally committed to winning 25 games with the Cardinals and now I had to re-think my goals. I decided to stay with the 25-win goal and won 27 of the Phillies 59 victories. I consider that season my finest individual achievement.\" When", "id": "7635270" }, { "contents": "2014 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\n. It was the first Phillies sweep of a four-game series since 2011, when they defeated the Cincinnati Reds in late August and early September. After the game the team called up former all-star outfielder Grady Sizemore, whom they had signed to a minor-league contract in June, as an extra bat in their final series before the All-Star break. The Phillies returned home to play the Washington Nationals before the break. With Sizemore leading their lineup for the first time, they won 6–2; Burnett", "id": "3470910" }, { "contents": "1976 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1976 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 94th season in the history of the franchise. The Phillies won their first National League East title, as they compiled a record of 101–61, nine games ahead of the second-place Pittsburgh Pirates, and won 100 games or more for the first time in franchise history. The Phillies lost the NLCS, 3–0 to the Cincinnati Reds. Danny Ozark managed the Phillies, as they played their home games at Veterans Stadium, where the All-Star Game was played that season. The final", "id": "2029642" }, { "contents": "1991 World Series\n\n\n1991, no league champion had ever finished the previous season in last place, yet this was the case with both the Twins and the Braves. The Twins also won the AL West Division in 1991 with every team in the division having a .500 or better record, a feat the Braves themselves would achieve when they won the National League East in 2005. After the Twins' triumph, the 1993 Phillies, 1998 Padres, 2007 Rockies and the 2008 Rays followed previous season's last-place finishes with a World Series appearance", "id": "5358253" }, { "contents": "Atlanta Braves\n\n\nJune 3, the Braves longest since 2000 when they won 16 in a row. On May 31, the Atlanta Braves defeated the then-first place Philadelphia Phillies at Turner Field to take sole possession of first place in the National League East standings, a position they had maintained through the middle of August. The last time the Atlanta Braves led the NL East on August 1 was in 2005. On July 13, 2010 at the 2010 MLB All-Star Game in Anaheim, Braves catcher Brian McCann was awarded the All", "id": "1848234" }, { "contents": "1951 National League tie-breaker series\n\n\ncompletely fold in their last 50 games, they're in.\" While the Phillies fell out of contention, the Giants won 16 consecutive games from August 12 to August 27, cutting their deficit from games to six. By September 20, the Dodgers had ten games left to play while the Giants had seven, and the Dodgers had a game advantage, making a pennant win appear imminent. However, the Giants won their last seven games, and the Dodgers needed to defeat the Phillies in the final game of the season", "id": "18670152" }, { "contents": "Joe Bowman\n\n\nyear with them before moving to the New York Giants (1934), Philadelphia Phillies (1935–37), Pittsburgh Pirates (1937–41), Boston Red Sox (1944–45) and Cincinnati Reds (1945). He was one of two 20-game losers with the last-place 1936 Phillies, but won 39 games in five seasons for Pittsburgh. He went 12–8 with Boston in 1944 and won 11 games for Cincinnati in 1945, his last major league season. Often used as a pinch hitter, he hit .333 in 1938 and .344", "id": "4161021" }, { "contents": "Tom Phillis\n\n\ncontract. A few weeks later, Phillis dominated the Pyynikki TT at the Tampere Circuit in Finland. Not only winning 125, 250 and 350cc events, but also setting record lap times in every race. He began 1961 with equal prowess, when at the Victorian Grand Prix event at Phillip Island, he won the 250 and 350cc events on a Honda and the Senior A-grade race and 500cc events on a Norton, setting lap records for 250cc, 350cc and 500cc classes. In 1961, he won Honda's first", "id": "9109514" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\nresulting in two blown saves. By the time Philadelphia swept the Mets at Shea Stadium in mid-September, the Phillies were threatening to move from wild-card contender to division leader. With 17 games left to play, the Mets led the Phillies by seven games; during that final stretch, the Mets won only five games and lost twelve, while the Phillies went 13–4. On the final day of the season, the Phillies won the division, backing up Rollins' quote. Mets starter Tom Glavine gave up seven", "id": "3506866" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nto the eventual champion St. Louis Cardinals. They dropped five of seven at home, reducing their lead to four with 13 games remaining. On September 27, the Phillies came into Pittsburgh for a four-game series against the Pirates. The Phillies were ahead by 6 games with seven games left: four against the Pirates and the last three against the Cardinals. The Phillies won the opener, 6–4, and with the Florida Marlins winning at home against the second place Montréal Expos, 3–1, clinched at least a tie for", "id": "13065542" }, { "contents": "2014 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\n6–0, but the Mets routed the Phillies 11–2 in the series finale. The last game of the month opened a four-game series with the Nationals; the Phillies won 10–4 but Lee re-injured his elbow, probably ending his season. The Phillies batted .248 in July (11th in the National League), hit 24 home runs (fourth in the NL) and scored 111 runs (third in the league). For the season to date they had a .243 batting average (10th in NL), 89", "id": "3470917" }, { "contents": "The One After the Superbowl\n\n\nviewers and a 47 percent audience share, \"The One After the Superbowl\" was the most-watched episode of the series, and is the highest-rated Super Bowl lead-out program of all time. The episode itself received mixed reviews, with some critics arguing that the excessive number of guest stars dampened the episode's quality (with several reviews making comparisons to \"The Love Boat\"), but others praising it for its funnier moments. Brooke Shields was considered a standout among the guest stars; impressed by", "id": "8642766" }, { "contents": "Dock Street Brewing Company\n\n\na time, and limited amounts are allocated to select bars and restaurants in Philadelphia as well. Dock Street partnered with Di Bruno Brothers on a Truffled Honey Saison in 2016. Dock Street Philly Beer Week Music Fest is held annually on the last Sunday of Philly Beer Week. The concert is usually outdoors, free to the public and highlights local Philadelphia musicians and artists. Dock Street Philly Beer Week Run is held annually on the last Sunday of Philly Beer Week and coincides with the Dock Street Philly Beer Week Music Fest. In", "id": "8049523" }, { "contents": "Don Demeter\n\n\nDon to be their regular first baseman on opening day. Plans changed when recent acquisition, third baseman Andy Carey, announced his retirement, sparking interest in making Demeter the Phillies new third baseman. Mauch had high expectations of Demeter, predicting that he and Roy Sievers would be the two catalysts to make the Phillies successful and improve upon their 47-107 record from last season. This marked the first season where Don knew he would have regular playing time for the Phillies no matter what, whether it be at third base or", "id": "2883316" }, { "contents": "2014 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nthe need for greater urgency on the field, the Phillies were swept. In game one they were shut out for the seventh time in their last 27 games, losing 7–0 as Buchanan struggled in his first road start. Burnett started the next night, also struggling through six innings and allowing eight runs in a rain-delayed 8–4 loss. When Kendrick started the series' final game, the Phillies jumped into the lead with a first-inning run before losing 4–2 (their sixth consecutive loss). After the series,", "id": "3470890" }, { "contents": "1989 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\ntime, all player and team statistics generated during the tie game would stand (except since neither team had won, there could not be a winning or losing pitcher); a replacement game would be played at a later date. This game would mark the last regular season tie game for the Phillies as playing rules changed in 2007 allowing tie games to continue from the point of interruption at a later date. On June 8, 1989, Steve Jeltz hit two of his five career home runs in a game against the Pittsburgh", "id": "5324100" }, { "contents": "Major League Baseball rivalries\n\n\nnor did the Phillies seriously contend in the Mets' playoff years (1986 and 1988). The Mets were the Majors' worst team when the Phillies won the NL pennant in 1993, and the Phillies could not post a winning record in either of the Mets' wild-card-winning seasons of 1999 or 2000, when the Mets faced the New York Yankees in the 2000 World Series. As the rivalry has intensified in recent years, the teams have battled more often for playoff position. The Mets won the division", "id": "19117993" }, { "contents": "1993 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1993 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 111th season in the history of the franchise The team won the National League East championship and defeated the Atlanta Braves in the 1993 National League Championship Series in six games, before losing the World Series to the Toronto Blue Jays. After finishing in last place the previous year, the Phillies took the lead in the National League East Division on opening day and never relinquished it, as they clinched the division title on September 28 in Pittsburgh. The 1993 Phillies were led by stars Darren Daulton,", "id": "13956309" }, { "contents": "2014 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nsplit the series, losing the last two games: a June 21 pitchers' duel between Hamels and Adam Wainwright (the 4–1 loss ended the Phillies' five-game winning streak) and a 5–3 loss the following day, with Kendrick giving up four runs in one inning. The Phillies ended the month with two four-game home series, against the Marlins and Braves. In their first game against the Marlins, a 4–0 loss, they had six hits. The next night the Phillies won, 7–4; Asche and", "id": "3470898" }, { "contents": "Chris Darkins\n\n\nmeters at the 1995 Big Ten Championships with a Big Ten title in the 55 meters in 1996, establishing a school record time. Following his collegiate career, Darkins was drafted in the fourth round of the 1996 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers. Darkins was a member of the 1996 Superbowl Championship team and the 1997 NFC Championship team that lost to Denver in the Superbowl. In 1992 Darkins was inducted into the Strake Jesuit College Preparatory Hall of Honor for his accomplishments as a 4 year letter winner and member of championship teams", "id": "11527461" }, { "contents": "Sports in Philadelphia\n\n\nPhiladelphia Phillies. Founded in 1883, the team is the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports. The Phillies compete in the National League East and have won the World Series twice, in and . The Phillies have won seven National League pennants and eleven NL East division titles. In 2007, the Phillies lost a game for the 10,000th time in franchise history; according to the Elias Sports Bureau, no professional sports franchise in any sport has lost more games. For its", "id": "5676646" }, { "contents": "Eppa Rixey\n\n\nhim to sign directly with the Phillies, bypassing minor league baseball entirely. His time with the Phillies was marked by inconsistency. He won 22 games in 1916, but also led the league in losses twice. In 1915, the Phillies played in the World Series, and Rixey lost in his only appearance. After being traded to the Reds prior to the 1921  season, he won 20 or more games in a season three times, including a league-leading 25 in 1922, and posted eight consecutive winning seasons. His", "id": "8729596" }, { "contents": "William D. Cox\n\n\ngo on strike in protest, but Harris urged them to drop those plans after Cox threatened legal action. Despite this, the Phillies showed signs of respectability for the first time in years, and they finished 64-90, a healthy 22-game improvement from 1942, to get out of the cellar for the first time in five years. The long-beleaguered Phillies fans appreciated what Cox was trying to do, as the Phillies had their best attendance since . At the time of Harris' firing, the Phillies had already won", "id": "14521896" }, { "contents": "Michael Lembeck\n\n\nNia Vardalos film \"Connie and Carla\" and \"Tooth Fairy\". Lembeck now works as a full-time film and TV director. He won an Emmy for his work on the \"Friends\" episode \"The One After the Superbowl\" (\"sic\"). He also directed 20 other episodes of the series. Lembeck is married to his second wife, retired actress Lorna Patterson, with whom he has two children. Lembeck's work has received recognition from the Directors Guild of America, and the Academy of", "id": "18389643" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\nGreg Luzinski in the Phillies' opening 3–1 win in Game 1 at Philadelphia. Facing Kansas City in the 1980 World Series, the Phillies won their first world championship in 6 games, thanks to the timely hitting of Mike Schmidt and Pete Rose. Schmidt, who was the NL MVP for the 1980 season, also won the World Series MVP finals award on the strength of his 8 for 21 hitting (.381 average), including game-winning hits in Game 2 and the clinching Game 6. Thus, the Phillies became", "id": "11182217" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nyears the two teams won a pennant, they won a World Series (Pirates in and and Phillies in ). From 1970 to 1980, the two teams reigned exclusively as National League East champions, except in 1973, when the New York Mets won the National League pennant. The Phillies success under manager Danny Ozark was attributed to a well-rounded lineup with Greg Luzinski and Mike Schmidt leading the team in homers, Steve Carlton and Tug McGraw leading the pitching, and Larry Bowa and Garry Maddox being the secretaries of Philadelphia", "id": "13065521" }, { "contents": "Mets–Phillies rivalry\n\n\nfavored the Mets, who had a winning percentage of .540 (27–23) against the division in the 2000 season, while the Phillies managed a .451 mark (23–28); the trend held true in 2001, when the Mets won the season series over the Phillies, 11–8. The scheduling drew criticism both when it was enacted and after the fact, with some analysts even positing that the unbalanced schedule \"hurt\" intra-divisional play. This, however, did not affect the Phillies and Mets, as they drew an", "id": "3506861" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\n, the Cardinals won their last game of the season, leaving the Phillies tied with the Reds for second place—just one game out of first. The \"Phold of '64\" is frequently mentioned as the worst collapse in sports history. By the late 1950s, Carpenter decided that the Phillies needed a new home. As mentioned above, he never wanted to buy Connie Mack Stadium in the first place, and was now convinced there was no way he could make money playing there. The stadium didn't have nearly", "id": "11182211" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Bloodworth\n\n\nBloodworth was traded to the Pirates in December 1946 and to the Dodgers about a year later. He was traded to the Reds in 1948 before being purchased by the Phillies in 1950. He was on the 1950 Phillies team that won the 1950 NL pennant. He played in one game in the 1950 World Series; as a ninth-inning defensive replacement, he did not get any plate appearances. Bloodworth's last major-league season was with the 1951 Phillies. In 11 seasons, he played in 1,002 games and had", "id": "980258" }, { "contents": "2011 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nwin in the last game of the season. By winning the final game of the regular season, Phillies Manager Charlie Manuel also became the manager with the most wins in Phillies history. The win by the Phillies also eliminated the Braves from postseason contention, and allowed the St. Louis Cardinals to play in the postseason. The Phillies also led the major leagues in attendance for the first time, with 3,680,718 fans (a franchise record), an average of 45,440 per game. \"All players who made an appearance for the Phillies", "id": "4277609" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\nPhillies, led by stars such as Darren Daulton, John Kruk, Lenny Dykstra, and Curt Schilling, won the 1993 NL pennant. All NL East division titles during this period, except for 1990, were won at Three Rivers Stadium. In 1990, the Pirates returned to the postseason for the first time since winning the 1979 World Series, but lost to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 National League Championship Series. The 1991 Pirates won the division for the second straight year, aided by their 12–6 record against the Phillies", "id": "13065538" }, { "contents": "New York Mets\n\n\nPhiladelphia Phillies from 2006 to 2008 was said to be among the \"hottest\" rivalries in the National League. Aside from several brawls in the 1980s, the rivalry remained low-key before the 2006 season, as the teams had seldom been equally good at the same time. Since 2006, the teams have battled for playoff position. The Mets won the division in 2006 and contended in 2007 and 2008, while the Phillies won five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011. The Phillies' 2007 Eastern Division Title was won", "id": "1971945" }, { "contents": "2012 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\n. The Phillies finished April with a record of 11–12, their first losing-record month since going 11–15 in June 2009. However, the Phillies have experienced struggle in April before, most notably in 2008, when they would eventually win the World Series, and in 2009, when they would eventually win the National League pennant. The Phillies began May by taking two of three from the division-leading Braves. The only loss came in an 11-inning game, won by a walk off home run by Chipper Jones. The", "id": "16779415" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\ndeclared \"Willie Stargell Day\" in honor of Stargell's last games. The Pirates honored him on September 6 before they won a game against the New York Mets, while the Phillies honored him during a game against the Pirates on September 19, Stargell's final game in Philadelphia. Both teams finished first and second in the standings with the Phillies finishing six games ahead of the Pirates in their pennant season of 1983. In the mid to late 1980s, the rivalry was often low-key, as both teams sank in", "id": "13065533" }, { "contents": "1980 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\n, and then defeated the Kansas City Royals to win their first-ever World Series Championship. The 1980 Phillies were known as \"The Cardiac Kids\" because of the many close games. The Phillies won the National League East on the second-to-last day of the season with a 6-4 victory over the Expos in a game played in Montreal on Oct. 4, 1980. Pete Rose, 1Bbr Bake McBride, RFbr Garry Maddox, CFbr Mike Schmidt, 3Bbr Greg Luzinski, LFbr Bob Boone, Cbr Larry", "id": "8679867" }, { "contents": "Lehigh Valley IronPigs\n\n\nseason only. The Lynx were the only International League franchise based in Canada at the time of their existence, and during the club's last years there, the team had difficulty attracting fans. The Phillies were unhappy with the local ownership of their previous affiliate, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons, and affiliated with the Lynx when the Orioles ended their relationship. The Red Barons are now the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders and serve as the affiliate of the New York Yankees. The Phillies signed a one-", "id": "17714877" }, { "contents": "2012 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nthree game skid, with another solid performance on the mound, as the Phillies won 7–1. The Phillies would end up winning the series the next day, with a 3–1 victory. The Phillies would then go on to trade two wins and losses for the next 8 games. In mid-April, the Phillies began their first major road trip of the season. They began the trip by taking 1 of 3 from the Giants. It was in the second game of the series, when Cliff Lee threw 10 scoreless innings", "id": "16779413" }, { "contents": "2011 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe Philadelphia Phillies 2011 season was the 129th season in the history of the franchise. The Phillies won their fifth consecutive National League East championship, and also finished with the best record in baseball for the second straight year. The Phillies, at 3-1 odds, were the heavy-favorite to win the World Series. However, they were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs in five games to the eventual World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals. The offseason for the Phillies began on October 23, 2010 when they", "id": "4277597" }, { "contents": "1962 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nbe retired by the team on March 21, 1962, when the Yankees would visit Clearwater to play the Phillies in a spring training game. It was the first uniform number to be retired by the organization and only the second time (after the Yankees retired Babe Ruth's number 3) that a uniform number was retired while the player was still active. Roberts started for the Yankees in the spring game, gave up four runs in three innings, and was the winning pitcher in the game as the Yankees won 13–10.", "id": "21983297" }, { "contents": "1931 Cincinnati Reds season\n\n\nlast place in the National League. After a 2-17 start to the season, the Reds managed to win three games in a row, including sweeping a double header against the Philadelphia Phillies on May 15. Wins continued to be few and far between, as the club finally won their 10th game of the season on June 3, defeating the Phillies 3-1 to improve to 10-32. This started a five game winning streak, and a nine game stretch where Cincinnati won eight games. On June 15", "id": "12693589" }, { "contents": "History of the Philadelphia Phillies\n\n\ndivision for the Phillies for the first time in 14 years. The Phillies won the final game behind 44-year-old Jamie Moyer, who in 1980 had skipped a day of high school to attend that year's Phillies championship parade down Philadelphia's Broad Street. After their historic comeback, they were swept in three games by the Colorado Rockies after losing 2–1 in Game 3 on October 6, 2007. It was the first time since 1976 that the Phils were swept in a postseason series. On November 20, 2007, Jimmy", "id": "11182243" }, { "contents": "Cole Hamels\n\n\nof the National League Championship Series, going 2–0 in the NLCS with a 1.93 ERA and winning the series clincher on October 15 in Los Angeles. Hamels was selected the Phillies starter for Game 1 of the World Series; the Phillies won 3–2, and Hamels earned his fourth win of the postseason. Hamels also started Game 5, which was suspended due to rain after the top of the sixth inning tied at 2-2, and receiving a no-decision; when Game 5 resumed the Phillies won 4-3 to", "id": "21897325" }, { "contents": "Jack Russell Memorial Stadium\n\n\nhit the Winter Haven Red Sox whose Scott Bakkum no-hit the Phillies. Cleawater won 1-0 on two seventh inning walked batters and sacrifice bunts. In a spring training game on April 2, 1993, the Boston Red Sox' Frank Viola and Cory Bailey no-hit the Phillies 10-0 at Jack Russell. The Clearwater Phillies played their last game at the stadium on Saturday night, August 23, 2003. Robin Roberts, who had pitched the first exhibition game in 1955, threw out the first-", "id": "1213927" }, { "contents": "1924 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nThe 1924 Philadelphia Phillies season saw the Phillies climb out of last place and into seventh and home attendance improving to over 299,000. Cy Williams led the team in home runs with 24. On August 21, 1924, the Phillies were traveling from games in St. Louis to Cincinnati when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad train on which they were traveling turned over in the train yards in Mitchell, Indiana. Phillies players and personnel were unharmed but the engineer and fireman were killed in the accident. In the season's final series against the", "id": "4954987" }, { "contents": "Darren Daulton\n\n\nDarren Arthur Daulton (January 3, 1962 – August 6, 2017), nicknamed \"Dutch\", was an American professional baseball catcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies (, –) and Florida Marlins (1997). While with the Phillies, Daulton was a three-time MLB All-Star and won the Silver Slugger Award. He won the 1997 World Series with the Marlins. The Philadelphia Phillies selected Daulton in the 25th round of the 1980 Major League Baseball draft. On", "id": "12501683" }, { "contents": "Donna Christanello\n\n\n's World Tag Team Championship in 1970. In 1972, she competed at the Superbowl of Wrestling, where she and Rose defended the time World Women's Tag Team Championship against Sandy Parker and Debbie Johnson. They eventually lost the title in October 1973 to Joyce Grable and Vicki Williams at Madison Square Garden in New York. There is also an unrecorded title change. Susan Green and Sandy Parker won the World Tag Team title from Christanello and Rose in November 1971 in Hawaii and lost them in February 1972 to Christanello and Rose in", "id": "21292148" }, { "contents": "Phillies–Pirates rivalry\n\n\n, and won the division championship in the final meeting between the two teams. When the Phillies saw the Pirates celebrate the championship, several Phillies, including outfielder Wes Chamberlain and shortstop Dickie Thon said that they had seen it before, but Phillies manager Jim Fregosi \"didn't watch it\" after seeing Pittsburgh Police and Pirates security ring the field. The Pirates became the first NL East team to win consecutive division titles since the Phillies in 1978, but lost to the Atlanta Braves in the 1991 National League Championship Series. In", "id": "13065539" }, { "contents": "Lenny Dykstra\n\n\ninto the outfield wall and missed the rest of the season. On Opening Day 1992, Dykstra was hit by a pitch that broke his hand. He played in just 145 of 324 possible games for the Phils in 1991 and 1992. It all came together again in 1993 for Dykstra and the Phillies. The team, which had been rebuilding since its last playoff appearance ten years before, when they won the 1983 pennant but lost the World Series to Baltimore, returned to the top of the National League East and won the", "id": "16673050" }, { "contents": "2014 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nfor a three-game series with the Mets. Although a game-one win would have lifted them out of last place in their division for the first time since June, they lost 4–1 on a fielding error by Sizemore (who said he \"let the team down\"). The Phillies evened the series with Williams' quality start in the second game, winning 7–2, but their series-victory streak ended when they lost the final game 6–5 (A. J. Burnett's 15th loss of the season). Although", "id": "3470937" }, { "contents": "Kyle Kendrick\n\n\nhe spent significant time working out and focusing on mechanical improvement allayed the previous fears of poor work ethic. Ultimately, 2007 would be his last in the low levels of the Phillies' minor leagues, as he began the season with the Double-A (AA) Reading Phillies, and finished it with the big league club. Despite several options at Triple-A (AAA), when Freddy García got hurt, Pat Gillick promoted Kendrick to the major leagues, which drew skepticism, as Kendrick was just 22 years old", "id": "9642753" }, { "contents": "Atlanta Braves\n\n\nheated through the early 2000s. While their rivalry with the Philadelphia Phillies lacks the history and hatred of the Mets, it has been the more important one in the last decade. Between 1993 and 2013, the two teams reigned almost exclusively as NL East champions, the exceptions being in 2006, when the Mets won their first division title since 1988 (no division titles were awarded in 1994 due to the player's strike), and in 2012, when the Washington Nationals claimed their first division title since 1981 when playing as", "id": "1848267" }, { "contents": "Philly Ryan\n\n\nPhillip \"Philly\" Ryan (1916 - 1991) was an Irish hurler who played for the Tipperary senior team. Born in Borrisoleigh, County Tipperary, Ryan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team. He joined the senior panel during the 1937 championship. Ryan was a non-playing substitute for that year but was recalled to the team fourteen years later. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals and two Munster medals as a", "id": "12814486" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Slagle\n\n\nhe won the Western League batting title with a .378 average. He spent four seasons in MiLB before signing with the Washington Senators in 1899. He played one season in Washington, D. C. before signing with the Philadelphia Phillies when the Senators folded. Over the next two season, he played for the Phillies and, for a short time, the Boston Beaneaters. In 1902, he signed with the Chicago Cubs, and stayed with the team for seven seasons. He was the Cubs' starting center fielder for three of their", "id": "20306981" } ]

[ { "contents": "Pop music\n\n\n, while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'\". From about 1967, the term “pop music” was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, a division that gave generic significance to both terms. While rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of popular music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral, and accessible. According to British musicologist Simon Frith, pop music is produced \"as a matter of enterprise not art\"", "id": "4899084" }, { "contents": "C-pop\n\n\nC-pop is an abbreviation for Chinese popular music (), a loosely defined musical genre by artists originating from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Others come from countries where the Chinese language is used by a large number of the population, such as Singapore and Malaysia. C-pop is sometimes used as an umbrella term covering not only Chinese pop but also R&B, ballads, Chinese rock, Chinese hip hop and Chinese ambient music, although Chinese rock branched off as a separate genre during the early 1990s", "id": "14664625" }, { "contents": "Rida Al Abdullah\n\n\nclassical singing into Arabic pop. Rida’s training and knowledge in the oldest and richest Arabic classical traditions gave him a distinct edge among even the most talented Middle Eastern pop singers. This album’s lyrics forged new ground for pop music as well, probing the dynamics of a troubled relationship. “Why do we fight?” Rida sang to a woman, “You are so sweet and lovely. Where does this anger come from? From outside, not from within you.” Rida’s romantic quandaries played as parables for", "id": "17470856" }, { "contents": "African popular music\n\n\nrecording studio techniques of western music. The term \"afropop\" (also styled afro-pop or afro pop) is sometimes used to refer to contemporary African pop music. The term does not refer to a specific style or sound, but is used as a general term for African popular music. Cuban music has been popular in sub-Saharan Africa since the mid-twentieth century. It was Cuban music that more than any other, that provided the initial template for Afropop. To the Africans, clave-based Cuban", "id": "250770" }, { "contents": "Tropipop\n\n\nTropipop (also known as Colombian pop) is a music genre that developed in Colombia in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It is a blend of traditional musical forms of the Caribbean Region of Colombia, mainly vallenato, with foreign Latin genres such as salsa and merengue, and pop and pop rock. The term \"tropipop\" comes from the synthesis of the words \"tropical\" and \"pop music\" describing the genre's mix of Latin tropical roots with American popular music. Some popular tropipop acts are Fanny Lu,", "id": "2472047" }, { "contents": "Music of Hong Kong\n\n\nespecially after the 1997 handover which made Mandarin one of the standard languages under Basic Law. One of the TV series that emulate the 60s/70s mandopop club scene in Hong Kong is the TVB series Glittering Days. The term \"English pop\" in Hong Kong does not mean \"pop music from England\", but western style pop songs sung in the English language. In the 1950s, popular music of Hong Kong was largely dominated by pop songs in the English language until the Cantopop's emergence in the mid-1970s. Many well-", "id": "20974046" }, { "contents": "Pop music\n\n\n, and is \"designed to appeal to everyone\" but \"doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste\". Frith adds that it is \"not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward [...] and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative\". It is, \"provided from on high (by record companies, radio programmers, and concert promoters) rather than being made from below ... Pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced", "id": "4899085" }, { "contents": "Happy Pills (song)\n\n\nkitten and retro soul songbird.\" Katherine St Asaph, a writer of \"Pop Dust\", wrote that \"her vocals are serviceable and frequently better\" and that the song \"is likely neither to alienate fans or placate those with words for Come Away With Me (2002). It’s exactly what a Norah Jones record would sound like in the current alt-pop climate, where breezy usually does better than torchy.\" A lyric video for the track was released on March 5, 2012. The official music", "id": "9337517" }, { "contents": "Lounge music\n\n\n, and was known as light music. In the 21st century, the term \"lounge music\" may also be used to describe the types of music played in hotels (the lounge, the bar), casinos, supermarkets, several restaurants, and piano bars. Exotica, space age pop, and some forms of easy listening music popular during the 1950s and 1960s are now \"broadly\" termed \"lounge\". The term \"lounge\" does not appear in textual documentation of the period, such as \"Billboard\"", "id": "13222100" }, { "contents": "Jangle\n\n\n. In the 1980s, the most prominent bands of early indie rock were jangle groups such as R.E.M. and the Smiths. Around this time, the term \"jangle pop\" was sometimes conflated with \"college rock\". \"Jangle\" is a noun-adjective that music critics often use in reference to guitar pop with a bright mood. The term originated from the lyric \"in the jingle-jangle morning, I'll come following you\" from the Byrds' 1965 rendition of Bob Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\"", "id": "10305466" }, { "contents": "Adult-oriented pop music\n\n\nAdult Oriented Pop Music is a term used in music radio programming. Although the specific composition of this genre of radio programming is debatable, it generally combines music selections from established formats such as Adult Contemporary (AC), Hot Adult Contemporary (Hot AC), Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR), and Gold. One subjective element of defining this term rests on the definition of an \"Adult listener\". This may vary depending on the radio station's view of where the adult market starts and ends. While one station", "id": "8101602" }, { "contents": "Mr. Pine\n\n\nthe most longevity was Cone Five who were a kind of noise-pop band. Kevin had been involved with the University of Manitoba radio station UMFM as Music Director and DJ, and had come to know Matt both through Cone Five's performances and through double-bills with the band Cheatron where he served as the keyboardist. Matt, coming from a background of punk, noise, pop and folk, and Kevin, coming from a background of college rock, traditional folk and especially classical music (he has a Grade X", "id": "18799353" }, { "contents": "J-pop\n\n\nby new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars. Eventually, J-pop replaced \"kayōkyoku\" (\"Lyric Singing Music\", a term for Japanese pop music from the 1920s to the 1980s) in the Japanese music scene. The term was coined by the Japanese media to distinguish Japanese music from foreign music and now refers to most Japanese popular music. Popular styles of Japanese pop music included technopop during the 1970s1980s, city pop in", "id": "20215200" }, { "contents": "Joan Sutherland\n\n\ndo with \"blues\" in the pop sense of the term. (Ella Fitzgerald had a blue voice, but Billie Holiday had a blues voice, which is very different.) Diana Damrau is blue. Mirella Freni is blue-ish. Karita Mattila is ice blue. Régine Crespin was deep blue shading to violet. Sutherland was true blue (like the Garter ribbon). There is a coolness here that can take on the passion in the music but does not inject passion where the music lacks it, could possibly", "id": "9301564" }, { "contents": "Turkish pop music\n\n\nhip hop, heavy metal and reggae. Turkish pop music is now everywhere, whether it's the latest from Tarkan, female singer/songwriter Sezen Aksu, or the more radical sounds of the Turkish club underground, like Mercan Dede. The fusion of sounds work so well that Turkish pop music does not sound so Westernised like Indonesian or Filipino pop even though it does include global influences such as technological developments from the west, western harmonies grafted onto folk songs, influences from Arabic music and, of course, American-influenced", "id": "17827460" }, { "contents": "Pop music\n\n\nPop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. \"Pop\" and \"rock\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is", "id": "4899078" }, { "contents": "Thirtyseven\n\n\nThirtyseven is an American pop punk band, where they primarily play a pop punk style of music. They come from Dallas, Texas. The band started making music in 2010. The band released a studio album, \"This Is What I Want\", in 2013, with Blood and Ink Records. They never technically disbanded, just stopped playing a few years ago. Thirtyseven is a pop punk band from Dallas, Texas. Their members are husband and wife, Moses, a guitarist, and Dylan, a vocalist and", "id": "9074216" }, { "contents": "Gamelan\n\n\nsince the introduction of pop music, gamelan is still commonly played on formal occasions and in many traditional Indonesian ceremonies. For most Indonesians, gamelan is an integral part of Indonesian culture. The word gamelan comes from the low Javanese word \"gamel\", which may refer to a type of mallet used to strike instruments or the act of striking with a mallet. The term karawitan refers to classical gamelan music and performance practice, and comes from the word \"rawit\", meaning 'intricate' or 'finely worked'.", "id": "13569067" }, { "contents": "Indian hip hop\n\n\nIndian hip hop is a part of the South Asian hip hop culture termed as Desi hip hop. Desi hip hop is a term for music and culture which combines the influences of hip hop and the Indian subcontinent; the term \"desi\" referring to the South Asian diaspora. The term has also come to be used as an alternative for rap music and even pop music which involves rappers of South Asian origins. Creation of the term \"desi hip hop\" is credited to Bohemia. Apache Indian, UK artist of Indian", "id": "10640967" }, { "contents": "Okinawan music\n\n\nsongs are sometimes referred to as \"shima-uta\". The term comes from the Amami language and was introduced in the 1970s. It was originally a genre of songs from the Amami Islands. The music of Okinawa came under the influence of American rock music beginning with the end of World War II. Many musicians began to blend the Okinawan folk music style and native instruments with those of American popular and rock music. This is called \"Uchinaa pop\". One example is Ryukyu Underground, who combine both classical and", "id": "14906197" }, { "contents": "Turkish pop music\n\n\n's single \"Yarının Şarkısı\" (Tomorrow's Song). On the record's sleeve they coin the term \"Turkish pop music\", indicating that their product was indicative of things to come. Musicologists document that the first original composition was released in 1967 by Paris trained Timur Selçuk, the son of famous classicist Münir Nurettin Selçuk, called \"Ayrılanlar İçin\" For Those Departed. The vehicle for Turkish pop was often film, and singers such as Gönül Yazar became icons of the time, though their films were rarely seen", "id": "17827457" }, { "contents": "Shibuya-kei\n\n\n, soul, and lounge influences. Shibuya-kei peaked in the late 1990s and declined after its principal players began moving into other music styles. The term \"Shibuya-kei\" comes from , one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo known for its concentration of stylish restaurants, bars, buildings, record shops, and bookshops. In the late 1980s, the term \"J-pop\" was formulated by FM radio station J-Wave as a way to distinguish Western-sounding Japanese music (a central characteristic of", "id": "19762618" }, { "contents": "Rhythm Nation (music video)\n\n\nMusicians,\" calling Jackson \"a brilliant dancer\" who has \"arguably had a greater long-term impact on the choreography of contemporary music videos\" than Michael Jackson. The publication added the video \"set the template for hundreds of videos to come in the Nineties and aughts.\" It was also included in a list of the \"Ten Best Apocalyptic Dance Music Videos\" in 2011, heralded as \"the gold standard for dystopian dance pop music videos\" which features \"some of the most memorable choreography in pop video", "id": "8410607" }, { "contents": "Champs (Brazilian band)\n\n\nsame year the agency announced a new hearing where recruited another member. The group has been named by the media and fans as a \"B-pop band\" due to its influences in K-pop music and South Korean musical groups, although the term \"B-pop\" has never been used by other artists. The group spent two months in Seoul where he made the recording of \"Dynamite\" music video and took lessons with choreographer of the hit \"Gangnam Style\" Ju Sun Lee. The person responsible for", "id": "5444624" }, { "contents": "Lovelite (band)\n\n\nLovelite is an American Christian music pop rock worship band from Southern California, where they play a version of Christian rock, CCM, indie rock, and synthpop music. Their two main members are husband-and-wife, Andrew and Jen Polfer. They have released four extended plays and three studio albums, mostly with Come&Live! Records, where they got attention for \"In Three Persons\". Lovelite is a Southern California-based Christian pop rock worship group, established in 2008, who are a co-lead vocalist", "id": "4742540" }, { "contents": "Proto-prog\n\n\nPretty Things, the Zombies, the Byrds, the Grateful Dead and Pink Floyd. Although a unidirectional English \"progressive\" style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, progressive rock had come to constitute a diversity of loosely associated style codes. When the \"progressive\" label arrived, the music was dubbed \"progressive pop\" before it was called \"progressive rock\", with the term \"progressive\" referring to the wide range of attempts to break with standard pop music formula. Music writer Doyle Greene believes that the", "id": "21314621" }, { "contents": "Desi hip hop\n\n\nDesi hip hop is a term for music and culture which combines the influences of hip hop and the Indian subcontinent; the term \"desi\" referring to the South Asian diaspora. The term has also come to be used as an alternative for rap music and even pop music which involves rappers of South Asian origins. Creation of the Genre \"desi hip hop\" is credited to Bohemia. Following the launch of Bohemia (rapper) second album Pesa Nasha Pyar (2006), whose tracks such as \"Kali Denali\",", "id": "17802196" }, { "contents": "Skid Row (James Ferraro album)\n\n\n\" categorized the LP as a vaporwave album due to its use of news snippits overlaid on top of each other, samples of lounge music and smooth jazz, slow track tempos and 1980s rock and hip-hop samples. A \"Pitchfork\" reviewer also noticed more pop music hooks in \"Skid Row\" than on \"NYC, Hell 3:00 AM\", which suggests that \"he might be starting to come to terms with his innate pop talents, or it could just be a new tactic of dispensing hints of traditional pop", "id": "10353747" }, { "contents": "Delirium (Ellie Goulding album)\n\n\nshe's finally come to terms with playing in the major leagues because she's sussed out the sweet spot between pop homogeneity and experimentation.\" Despite criticising Goulding for copying pop trends and stating the \"darker, deeper tones\" may have been \"a better fit for Meghan Trainor than Goulding\", \"Pitchfork\"s Hazel Cills commended the singer for her \"evocative storytelling and ability to craft great dance music\". Jon Dolan of \"Rolling Stone\" compared Goulding's change in musical direction to \"the country-to-pop", "id": "20173412" }, { "contents": "Where Does My Heart Beat Now\n\n\nby Dion one year later. It was produced by Christopher Neil. Dion premiered this song at the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 in Switzerland, where she performed it along with her 1988 winning track, \"Ne partez pas sans moi\". \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" received positive reviews from music critics and won the ASCAP Pop Award. It was the most successful single from \"Unison\" album and became Dion's highest charting English-language single at the time. In 2008, it was included on the North", "id": "8450466" }, { "contents": "Where the Streets Have No Name\n\n\nopen-ended lyrics: \"I can look at it now and recognize that [the song] has one of the most banal couplets in the history of pop music. But it also contains some of the biggest ideas. In a curious way, that seems to work. If you get any way heavy about these things, you don't communicate. But if you're flip or throwaway about it, then you do. That's one of the paradoxes I've come to terms with.\" In a 2017 interview", "id": "15678510" }, { "contents": "Nederpop\n\n\npopular thanks to airplay over the offshore pirate radio stations targeting the Netherlands such as Mi Amigo, Veronica, Atlantis and Northsea International. During the early 1980s, the Nederpop term was revived to name the sudden growth of Dutch language pop music from the Netherlands. The revived meaning came about because of the huge success of Doe Maar. This success helped other bands to sing in Dutch and/or get the spot light. Aside from Doe Maar, the early eighties were good for, amongst others, Golden Earring, Vandenberg, The Frank", "id": "3191864" }, { "contents": "Post-disco\n\n\nDOR) as umbrella term used by various DJs in the 1980s. Dance-pop is a dance-oriented pop music that appeared slightly after the demise of disco and the first appearance of \"stripped-down\" post-disco. One of the first dance-pop songs were \"Last Night a D.J. Saved My Life\" by Indeep and \"Love Come Down\" by Evelyn \"Champagne\" King, whereas the latter crossed over to \"Billboard\" charts including Adult Contemporary, while peaking at number 17 on the pop", "id": "10253415" }, { "contents": "Hadag Nahash\n\n\non their back window with these words. The band's icon, depicting a child urinating, comes from a Hebrew idiom loosely translated as \"I will show you from where the fish pisses\" () meaning something akin to \"I will show you how it's done.\" Like many Israeli pop musicians such as Teapacks and the Idan Raichel project, Hadag Nahash blends Western pop music with Eastern elements to create a sound tapestry containing influences from funk and world music. The band notes that although its style is hip-", "id": "10996683" }, { "contents": "Pop music\n\n\njazz, and folk musics\". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is \"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\". Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. As a genre, pop music is seen to exist and develop separately. Therefore, the term \"pop music\" may be used to describe", "id": "4899080" }, { "contents": "Brill Building (genre)\n\n\nBrill Building (also known as Brill Building pop or the Brill Building Sound) is a subgenre of pop music originating from the Brill Building in New York City, where numerous teams of professional songwriters penned material for girl groups and teen idols in the early 1960s. The term has also become a catch-all for the period in which those songwriting teams flourished. In actuality, most hits of the mid 1950s and early 1960s were written elsewhere. The Brill Building's music was more sophisticated than other pop styles of the time", "id": "16887057" }, { "contents": "Hypnagogic pop\n\n\ncome to be associated with.\" A contemporary review by Marc Hogan for Neon Indian's \"Psychic Chasms\" (2009) listed \"dream-beat\", \"chillwave\", \"glo-fi\", \"hypnagogic pop\", and \"hipster-gogic pop\" as interchangeable terms for \"psychedelic music that's generally one or all of the following: synth-based, homemade-sounding, 80s-referencing, cassette-oriented, sun-baked, laid-back, warped, hazy, emotionally distant", "id": "20853229" }, { "contents": "Contemporary hit radio\n\n\n. Used alone, \"CHR\" most often refers to the CHR-pop format. The term \"contemporary hit radio\" was coined in the early 1980s by \"Radio & Records\" magazine to designate top 40 stations which continued to play hits from all musical genres as pop music splintered into adult contemporary, urban contemporary and other formats. The term \"top 40\" is also used to refer to the actual list of hit songs, and, by extension, to refer to pop music in general. The term has", "id": "2704548" }, { "contents": "Rock festival\n\n\nfor the entire generation of that era was derived from a rock festival: the ‘Woodstock Generation’.\" Reflecting their musical diversity and the then-common term ‘pop music’, for the first few years, particularly in the US, many rock festivals were called ‘pop festivals’. This also served to distinguish them among the ticket-buying public from other, pre-existing types of music festivals such as jazz and folk festivals. By the end of 1972, the term ‘pop festival’ had virtually", "id": "10453011" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Sakis Rouvas\n\n\non October 25, 2008, where he won third place with 130 points, coming in only behind Croatia and the United Kingdom, respectively. The \"Pop Corn\" Music Awards are a defunct awards ceremony that were the first official Greek music awards show from 1992–2001 and were organized by the Greek magazine \"Pop Corn\". The Arion Music Awards became their successor in 2002. For four consecutive years, Rouvas was said to have \"monopolized\" the awards ceremony, winning a number of the major awards. Since the introduction", "id": "21813599" }, { "contents": "Tunisian underground music\n\n\nTunisian underground music refers to music performed by Tunisian artists that play or compose in a style different from the established Tunisian mainstream (most notably classic Malouf or arab pop). Using the term underground to define a performing arts movement or scene in tha Arab world, including Tunisia, takes on a slightly different meaning compared to the one generally understood when used in the western countries. Given that contemporary Tunisian mainstream music includes only a few different musical styles, underground music has come to include any artist or band that sings or composes", "id": "9097638" }, { "contents": "K-pop\n\n\nK-pop (abbreviation of Korean pop; ) is a genre of popular music originating in South Korea. While the modern form of K-pop can be traced back to the early 90s, the term itself has been popularized since the 2000s, replacing the term \"Gayo\" (가요), which also refers to domestic pop music in South Korea. Although it generally indicates \"popular music\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop that", "id": "1995502" }, { "contents": "Music of Japan\n\n\nthe musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. Modern J-pop has its roots in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles, which led to bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music. J-pop was further defined by Japanese new wave bands such as Yellow Magic Orchestra and Southern All Stars in the late 1970s. Eventually, J-pop replaced \"kayōkyoku\" (\"Lyric Singing Music\", a term for Japanese pop music from the 1920s to the 1980s) in the Japanese music", "id": "16639200" }, { "contents": "KStewart\n\n\n, Jazz, Hip Hop. During her early career in music, she sometimes used very pop music with mixes of sound such as Dance-pop and Electro-pop, in her Debut EP of \"In the Beginning\", Stewart said during an interview that she wanted to change her style of music, from pop to R&B/Soul to better start her career, because it does not represent her to write songs about love and boys, she was better comfortable in the music R&B than pop. Stewart is a soprano", "id": "12624697" }, { "contents": "Everything Bad Is Good for You\n\n\nreaders of “two things: Johnson challenges the precept that pop culture is deteriorating as a result of new media platforms. He derives the term \"Sleeper Curve\" from the Woody Allen film \"Sleeper\", where \"scientists from 2173 are astounded that twentieth-century society failed to grasp the nutritional merits of cream pies and hot fudge\". He uses this to argue against contemporary perception of the deteriorating standards of pop culture, although Johnson is quick to point out that by no means does the Sleeper Curve imply that popular", "id": "6320439" }, { "contents": "Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall\n\n\n\"X&Y\" single \"Talk\". The song received a positive reception from critics. The \"Boston Herald\" gave a positive review, saying \"Chris Martin does it again. He gives force to wimp music, beauty to base pop and the world another Coldplay anthem. Basically, the boys are joyous, and so is this stadium-rock track. 'I turn the music up, I got my records on, I shut the world outside until the lights come on' Martin sings over buoyant synths, ringing", "id": "14285985" }, { "contents": "Come Home (Luminate album)\n\n\nboy-band fad. It is an unashamedly an 'anthem' album, offering track after track of rousing music. I'm genuinely impressed with their fusion of accessibility and creativity. Whilst they’re only just starting out on this stage of their journey, \"Come Home\" shows that they know where their roots are. Let’s hope they build from here.\" Christian Music Zine's Tyler Hess said \"this is the national debut for the self labeled pop-rock band from the Lone Star State. Although,", "id": "906938" }, { "contents": "V-pop\n\n\nV-pop (Nhạc Pop Việt Nam), an abbreviation for Vietnamese pop, is a musical genre covering Vietnamese music from the 1990s to modern-day. In Vietnam, it is also known as \"youth music\" (Nhạc trẻ), but this broad Vietnamese term is decreased in use for more specific genres like EDM, Indie/Underground, R&B/Soul, Pop/Ballad, etc. Vietnamese pop music was heavily influenced early on by the large United States military presence in South Vietnam. Much of the", "id": "9937832" }, { "contents": "Suarez (band)\n\n\nWallonia) Albums Chart. Suarez' style of music includes elements of rock, pop, acoustic music, French, English, Latin and Malagache (Madagascar) music from where most of the members come from. The band was named after Portuguese explorer Diego Suarez who explored Madagascar where the Bay of Diego Suarez is named after him. The band has a following in Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Canada. Suzarez' lead vocalist Marc Pinilla served as a coach during the third season of \"The Voice Belgique\", the", "id": "21465317" }, { "contents": "Brand New Eyes\n\n\n. They make the kind of forceful, commercial emo-pop that music lovers love to hate. However, as forceful, commercial emo-pop goes – and it does – \"Brand New Eyes\" is very good. It is brash and gauche, but charming.\" \"Rock Sound\" however, went on to laud the slower efforts. \"The album's big surprise comes in the form of the stripped-down closing tracks 'Misguided Ghosts' and 'All I Wanted', which see the fragility of", "id": "10883116" }, { "contents": "Pinkpop Festival\n\n\nshifted as well, for similar reasons. The name consists of two parts. 'Pink' comes from the Dutch word for Pentecost (\"Pinksteren\") and 'pop' comes from \"pop\" music (or 'popular music'). But a later creative interpretation for the name combines the \"English\" word pink and the Dutch word \"pop\", which means doll, thus forming the origin for the logo, a doll in a pink dress. The precursor to Pinkpop was held on Pentecost Monday in", "id": "5365171" }, { "contents": "Avant-pop\n\n\nAvant-pop is popular music that is experimental, new, and distinct from previous styles while retaining an immediate accessibility for the listener. The term implies a combination of avant-garde sensibilities with existing elements from popular music in the service of novel or idiosyncratic artistic visions. \"Avant-pop\" has been used to label music which balances experimental or avant-garde approaches with stylistic elements from popular music, and which probes mainstream conventions of structure or form. Writer Tejumola Olaniyan describes \"avant-pop music\" as trangressing", "id": "7167874" }, { "contents": "98 Degrees\n\n\nrevealed that a week before, the group had their first rehearsal in over a decade. He also explained the group decided to come back together because they were all at that place in their lives where they felt comfortable committing to being in a group again, and they also felt the timing was right because the pop music genre has come back around. \"Music is very cyclical. You go through rock stages, R&B stages, rap stages... It's an uphill battle if you try and do pop during a rap stage", "id": "9545561" }, { "contents": "Music of Naples\n\n\nand early 20th centuries, such as \"Marechiaro\" and \"Rundinella\", backed by north African string and percussion instruments. Also, the English term \"musical\" (or, occasionally, the Italian \"commedia musicale\"—a translation of \"musical comedy\") has come to be used over the last few decades in Italy, in general, and Naples, in particular, to describe a kind of musical drama not native to Italy, a form that employs the American idiom of jazz-pop-and rock-based music", "id": "3933443" }, { "contents": "Super Mario Adventures\n\n\nMushroom Castle basement, where Mario gets right to work, singing as he does so. Just then, gigantic pipes start popping up in the basement and in the courtyard. Various enemies from \"Super Mario World\" pop out of the pipes and attack the guards, but the Mario Bros. fight back. Bowser comes out of the largest of the pipes in his Koopa Clown Car and proposes marriage to Princess Peach. He then leaves Peach one week to decide on his proposal, but Peach rallies her troops and takes off after", "id": "1205317" }, { "contents": "Hypnagogic pop\n\n\ngive it a sense of the uncanny, such as slowing it down and/or lowering the pitch, making it, as the term goes, ‘screwed’.\". Of differences, vaporwave does not typically engage in long tracks, lo-fi productions, or non-sampled material, and it draws more from the early 1990s than it does the 1970s and 1980s. Simon Reynolds described hypnagogic pop as a \"21st-century update of psychedelia\" in which \"lost innocence has been contaminated by pop culture\" and hyper", "id": "20853232" }, { "contents": "Pop-up exhibition\n\n\nmuseums, some pop-up exhibitions encourage the viewer to interact with the artwork. With this interaction, the exhibition allows for a “public curation,” where the artwork is sometimes dependent on the user interaction. Many pop-ups are also intended to open up conversation and discussion about relevant social issues. Another possible benefit of pop-up exhibitions is the idea of a short-term art show. This allows for more exposure for new up-and-coming artists. It is also intended to appeal to a", "id": "15875087" }, { "contents": "New Pop\n\n\na roughly equivalent but slightly more expansive umbrella term for a pop music and cultural phenomenon in the US associated with the Second British Invasion. The term was used by the music industry and by American music journalists during the 1980s to characterize \"new\" movements like New Pop and New Romanticism. Many New Pop artists created music that sweetened less commercial and experimental aspects with a pop coating. Entryism became a popular concept for groups at the time. New Music acts were danceable, had an androgynous look, emphasized the synthesizer and drum", "id": "2737917" }, { "contents": "Music journalism\n\n\npopular music articles and academic articles about pop music are usually written from \"masculine subject positions\". Kembrew McLeod analyzed terms used by critics to differentiate between pop music and rock, finding a gendered dichotomy in descriptions of \"'serious,' 'raw,' and 'sincere' rock music as distinguished from 'trivial', 'fluffy,' and 'formulaic' pop music\". McLeod found that a likely cause of this dichotomy was the lack of women writing in music journalism: \"By 1999, the number", "id": "13771473" }, { "contents": "Malaysian pop\n\n\nwas taken from a line from the popular Beatles song, \"She Loves You\" (\"she loves you, \"yeah-yeah-yeah\"\"). The term \"pop yeh yeh\" however was never used in the 1960s but used much later when such music was revived in the 1980s by M. Shariff & The Zurah. It might be that music journalists of the 1980s coined the term. The first local song in the Pop Yeh-yeh vein was a song called \"Suzanna\", sung by M", "id": "5435115" }, { "contents": "The Singles 1992–2003\n\n\nan album packed with as much drama as the band themselves have suffered, it'll be the pop anthems you come back for and fortunately there's enough here to keep even the soap addicts happy.\" Sara McDonnell of \"musicOMH\" wrote that the album's music had \"sheer diversity\" due to the band's \"pick 'n mix approach to musical styles\". The high points were \"Gwen Stefani's lyrics, which deal principally with coming to terms with her own femininity\" and \"the band's collaborations", "id": "3751685" }, { "contents": "Cowboy pop\n\n\nCowboy pop is a term that was first coined by American music journalist J. D. Considine in his review of Rubber Rodeo's 1984 album \"Scenic Views\". Although the term was coined in the 1980s, its usage since that time has been varied. In the late 2010s, the term began to be used to describe country-influenced indie rock and indie pop bands. Following Considine's coining of the term \"cowboy pop\" in the 1980s, the term was used retrospectively to describe a broad range of music recorded throughout", "id": "8368238" }, { "contents": "Same as Sunday\n\n\nSame as Sunday is an American Christian punk band, and they primarily play a style of pop punk and punk rock music. They come from Indianapolis, Indiana, where the band started making music in 2005, with frontman, Chris Bauchle. They released, two extended plays, \"The Dollar for Dollar\", in 2009, and, \"Earn Your Stripes\", in 2010, both independently released. They, really, enjoy, commas. Same as Sunday is a Christian punk band from Indianapolis, Indiana, where", "id": "12373749" }, { "contents": "Rob Thomas (musician)\n\n\nalbums have a much stronger pop feel. His last album, \"The Great Unknown\", was \"unabashed pop\". His detractors say the music is fluff and too sweet. Thomas writes all of the time, saying \"it's a lot easier to come up with ideas than it is to edit them.\" Thomas admits that his songs have \"a radio sensibility\". He writes songs that he hopes people will like and does not strive to follow or set trends. In his opinion, this is the", "id": "14307219" }, { "contents": "Where Does This Door Go\n\n\ngo down as one of the year's most exceptional releases. \"Where Does This Door Go\" is as refreshing as a tropical breeze, if not a good cup of joe at your favorite hangout.\" Nate Patrin of \"Pitchfork\" stated, \"Inconsistency or complexity? Depends on how much you believe in this music as sincere self-expression versus its status as smartly crafted, artist-as-listener-proxy pop.\" David Jeffries of AllMusic stated, \"Wherever this door does go, it is a", "id": "14204501" }, { "contents": "Rock music\n\n\nElvis for the army, the retirement of Little Richard to become a preacher, prosecutions of Jerry Lee Lewis and Chuck Berry and the breaking of the payola scandal (which implicated major figures, including Alan Freed, in bribery and corruption in promoting individual acts or songs), gave a sense that the rock and roll era established at that point had come to an end. The term \"pop\" has been used since the early 20th century to refer to popular music in general, but from the mid-1950s it began to be", "id": "5785920" }, { "contents": "Psychedelic music\n\n\nCarles invented the genre name for a host of similarly sounding up-and-coming bands. In August 2009, \"hypnagogic pop\" was coined by journalist David Keenan to refer to a developing trend of 2000s lo-fi and post-noise music in which artists from varied backgrounds began to engage with elements of cultural nostalgia, childhood memory, and outdated recording technology. By 2010, albums by Ariel Pink and Neon Indian were regularly hailed by publications like \"Pitchfork\" and \"The Wire\". The terms \"hypnagogic", "id": "6622716" }, { "contents": "Rhythm Nation (music video)\n\n\nand imitated routines in pop culture. Co-choreographer Anthony Thomas said, \"she's not a trained dancer/ It comes from her soul. She's a natural. She's unbelievable.\" \"Rolling Stone\" included the video in a list of \"10 Favorite Dancing Musicians\", calling Jackson \"a brilliant dancer\" who has \"arguably had a greater long-term impact on the choreography of contemporary music videos\" than Michael Jackson, setting a format for \"hundreds\" of subsequent videos. The publication said \"", "id": "8410582" }, { "contents": "Phonographic Performance Limited\n\n\nlicence holder the permission to play recorded music from PPL's repertoire (the vast majority of commercially released music in the UK). Playing music that is outside of its copyright term or freely licensed does not require a PPL licence. In 2018 PPL and \"PRS for Music\" joined forces to streamline music licensing for businesses, coming together to launch PPL PRS Ltd. PPL licenses radio stations based in the UK, Isle of Man and Channel Islands to use recorded music within its repertoire in all forms of radio, from traditional FM", "id": "14513382" }, { "contents": "Music from the Unrealized Film Script: Dusk at Cubist Castle\n\n\nexception of the \"random bursts and transient noise\" of \"Green Typewriters\", \"Dusk at Cubist Castle\" is \"an embarrassment of pop riches, a mildly psychedelic, lavishly melodic quasi-masterpiece.\" \"Alternative Press\" praised the album as \"a perfect psych-pop explosion\", while \"Q\" called it \"a soundscape where anything can, and frequently does, happen\". It ranked at number 37 on \"The Village Voice\"s year-end Pazz & Jop critics' poll. \"Dusk", "id": "4281899" }, { "contents": "Popular music in Sweden\n\n\nSwedish popular music, also called Swedish pop music, or just Swedish pop, refers to music that has swept the Swedish mainstream at any given point in recent times. After World War II, Swedish pop music was heavily influenced by American jazz, and then by rock-and-roll from the U.S. and the U.K. in the 1950s and 60s, before developing into the dansband music. Since the 1970s, Swedish pop music has come to international prominence with bands singing in English, ranking high on the British, New Zealand", "id": "4972717" }, { "contents": "Neotheater\n\n\nNeotheater is the third studio album by pop band AJR. It was released on April 26, 2019, by the band's label AJR Productions. The album was self-produced by the trio. The 12 tracks were collectively described as \"a coming of age tale that hears the band coming to terms with the sacrifices that come with growing older now that they are in their 20s\". A description of the album also stated: \"The buoyant and uplifting music is juxtaposed with darker lyrical narratives that touch on anxiety,", "id": "9766895" }, { "contents": "Never Forget (Where You Come From)\n\n\nNever Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart and spawned five singles, including number one single \"I Believe\" and a cover version of 98 Degrees' 1999 Christmas single \"The Gift", "id": "18871471" }, { "contents": "The Marble Index\n\n\nlatter was \"\"not\" supposed to be noise, because most pop music to me is noise, alright?\" According to John Cale, the album \"makes more sense in terms of advancing the modern European classical tradition than it does as folk or rock music\". With Nico's compositions based around one or two chords, Cale decided to avoid drone and raga (Eastern music common on the West Coast at the time) in favor of a European classical approach in his arrangements. The resulting sound has been compared", "id": "7321204" }, { "contents": "Mandopop\n\n\nHokkien pop and in particular the Campus Song folk movement of the 1970s. It may be used as a general term to describe popular songs performed in Mandarin. Mandopop is categorized as a subgenre of commercial Chinese-language music within C-pop. Popular music sung in Mandarin was the first variety of popular music in Chinese to establish itself as a viable industry. It originated in Shanghai, and later Hong Kong, Taipei and Beijing also emerged as important centers of the Mandopop music industry. Among the countries where Mandopop is most", "id": "6569021" }, { "contents": "Pop music\n\n\na distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as \"instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers\" in contrast to rock music as \"album-based music for adults\". Pop music continuously evolves along with the term's definition. According to music writer Bill Lamb, popular music is defined as \"the music since industrialization in the 1800s that is most in line with the tastes and interests of the urban middle class.\" The term \"pop song\" was first used in 1926, in the", "id": "4899081" }, { "contents": "Le Tigre (album)\n\n\npositive reviews from music critics. \"The Village Voice\" writer Robert Christgau wrote that \"Hanna does the unprecedented—if not, apparently, impossible—and reinvents punk again.\" AllMusic described \"Le Tigre\" as sounding \"like the best new wave album not to come from the 1980s.\" \"Pitchfork\" called the album's songwriting \"less didactic than Bikini Kill's ... geared for the repeated listens these well-crafted pop songs beg for.\" \"Spin\" said that the album \"sparkles with a", "id": "11557371" }, { "contents": "It's Only Christmas\n\n\nrichness to his voice that conveys a sincerity often absent in his pop peers – doesn’t quite make the covers his own, the picks are much more interesting than most records of a similar pop-does-Santa slant. This, you feel, is not simply a seasonal money spinner. The variety of tracks is such that it could only have come together with Keating taking a very active, personal role in its compiling.\" A music video featuring Keating and Ceberano was uploaded to YouTube on 21 December 2009. The", "id": "10775812" }, { "contents": "Beyoncé\n\n\nshe has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers. In 2001, she became the first black woman and second female lyricist to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number-one songs (\"Irreplaceable\", \"Grillz\" and \"Check on", "id": "4446971" }, { "contents": "Art pop\n\n\nto describe the music of the Who, the Small Faces, and the Beach Boys. Power pop later developed as a genre known for its reconfiguration of 1960s tropes. Music journalist Paul Lester argued that this component could ratify power pop as one of the first postmodern music genres. Music journalist Paul Lester locates \"the golden age of adroit, intelligent art-pop\" to when the bands 10cc, Roxy Music and Sparks \"were mixing and matching from different genres and eras, well before the term 'postmodern' existed in", "id": "615020" }, { "contents": "Pop rock\n\n\n, commercial product, less authentic than rock music. Much pop and rock music has been very similar in sound, instrumentation and even lyrical content. The terms \"pop rock\" and \"power pop\" have been used to describe more commercially successful music that uses elements from, or the form of, rock music. Writer Johan Fornas views pop/rock as \"one single, continuous genre field\", rather than distinct categories. To the authors Larry Starr and Christopher Waterman, it is defined as an \"upbeat variety", "id": "17092952" }, { "contents": "The Mothers of Invention\n\n\nMothers to the Verve Records division of MGM Records, which had built up a strong reputation in the music industry for its releases of modern jazz recordings in the 1940s and 1950s, but was attempting to diversify into pop and rock audiences. Verve insisted that the band officially rename themselves because \"Mother\" in slang terminology was short for \"motherfucker\"—a term that apart from its profanity, in a jazz context connotes a very skilled musical instrumentalist. The label suggested the name \"The Mothers Auxiliary\", which prompted Zappa to come up", "id": "9356561" }, { "contents": "Russian pop\n\n\nRussian music of different genres, through the Internet, satellite television, various media, music in nightclubs. A notable contribution to Russian pop music performers that do not come from Russia. Among them: Philipp Kirkorov from Bulgaria, Ani Lorak and Verka Serduchka from Ukraine, Laima Vaikule from Latvia, Seryoga and Dmitry Koldun from Belarus, Avraam Russo from Syria, A-Studio from Kazakhstan and others. Formed as one of the largest markets in the world in the early of the 1960s, the Russian-language pop music was", "id": "1714181" }, { "contents": "Music of Vancouver\n\n\nputs on shows at the St. James Community Centre and the Capilano University Theatre for the Performing Arts. Vancouver World Music Collective Vancouver pop music developed its own \"sound\" in the late 1960s. From the folk music played in the coffee houses of Kitsilano's 4th Avenue, people would come to see hippies wandering - and hear acoustic music- filling the street. Another major venue was \"The Retinal Circus\" on Davie St. where famous and infamous \"psychedelic \" rock bands played regularly. The \"West Coast Sound\" grew from", "id": "21199017" }, { "contents": "Folk-pop\n\n\nEurope, (Balkan) pop-folk is an umbrella term for genres of Balkan popular music that blend pop, folk and ethnic music. It's the modern counterpart of Balkan folk music, in which the dominant rhythms are influenced by oriental music, especially Arabic music and Romani folk music. Much of this music could be defined as a mix of traditional Balkan folk music and dance-pop. Balkan pop-folk music is a part of the ethnic pop-folk style which is spread at the junction area of Asia", "id": "2843317" }, { "contents": "Denpa song\n\n\ninclude Akiba-pop and A-pop. The term specifically refers to denpa music of otaku origin featuring moe themes. The term \"denpa song\" is a slang term that describes quirky, weird music. The term originally arose in the 1990s to describe quirky individuals who often daydream and live in their personal fantasies, and derives from the in 1981. The assailant, Kawamata Gunji, was using illicit substances when he slashed random bystanders in broad daylight, killing two housewives and two toddlers, and injuring many others. When", "id": "7947517" }, { "contents": "Popular music\n\n\nlocal audiences. The original application of the term is to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States. Although popular music sometimes is known as \"pop music\", the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular music is a generic term for a wide variety of genres of music that appeal to the tastes of a large segment of the population, whereas pop music usually refers to a specific musical genre \"within\" popular music. Popular music songs and pieces typically have easily singable melodies. The song structure", "id": "10259225" }, { "contents": "Traditional pop\n\n\nTraditional pop (also classic pop, pop standards or tradipop) music consists of Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this style of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the \"Great American Songbook\". More generally, the term \"standard\" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture", "id": "6104252" }, { "contents": "C-pop\n\n\nand now closely resembles the styles of K-pop and J-pop, from South Korea and Japan, respectively. The term \"shidaiqu\" (meaning \"music of the era\" or \"\"popular music\"\") is used to describe all contemporary music sung in Mandarin and other Chinese dialects recorded in China From 1920 to 1952, then in Hong Kong until the 1960s. Shanghai was the main hub of the Chinese popular music recording industry, and an important name of the period is composer Li Jinhui. Buck", "id": "14664627" }, { "contents": "Soul music\n\n\nand \"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\" (written by Chips Moman and Dan Penn), were significant and commercially successful productions. Soul music dominated the U.S. African-American music charts in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S. Otis Redding was a huge success at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. The genre also became highly popular in the UK, where many leading acts toured in the late 1960s. \"Soul\" became an umbrella term for an increasingly wide variety of", "id": "16222191" }, { "contents": "Audio Out\n\n\nAudio Out is the first album by the Australian singer Amiel, released in Australia by Festival Records on 18 August 2003 (see 2003 in music). Produced by Josh Abrahams, the album is filled with a variety of strange pop songs which helped the album to receive favorable reviews. Amiel states that the album comes from the love of so many different kinds of music; hip hop, folk and pop music and she states \"[the album] is my weird take on the world. It all comes from how I", "id": "12420568" }, { "contents": "Tim Be Told\n\n\nTim Be Told is a Contemporary Christian music group that originated in Charlottesville, VA. Their musical style incorporates elements of soul, pop, rock, gospel and blues. Their name was derived from the term \"truth be told,\" where honesty is one of the band's focuses. Their goal within the music industry is promote the themes of honesty, hope, redemption, and change. In 2008, they won the University of Virginia's \"Battle of the Bands\" competition. Despite their accomplishments, the band was", "id": "1516629" }, { "contents": "XXXO\n\n\nM.I.A. sings, \"You want me be somebody who I'm really not\", she does it with her middle finger raised high, pointing squarely at your face.\" PopMatters described the song as being \"catchy, relatively straightforward dance pop\", shedding the \"Technicolor excesses\" and world-music hybridity that listeners had come to expect from the rapper. \"XXXO\" debuted on the UK Singles Chart on 18 July 2010 at number 26, following the release of \"Maya\". \"XXXO\" marks M.I.A.'s", "id": "9864848" }, { "contents": "Overcomer (album)\n\n\nalbum doesn't feel as if it's been taken to the next level\", however he called the effort \"upbeat, energized, yet fuels a message of hope to those who are down.\" At The Phantom Tollbooth, Michael Dalton felt that \"Maturity does not come easily.\", and noted that \"\"Overcomer\" is like a roadmap to follow.\" Jono Davies of Louder Than the Music affirmed that \"She has produced yet another album of quality pop music for the listener to really get their teeth", "id": "17626227" }, { "contents": "The Narrow Margin\n\n\nhim off in a shootout. Kemp jumps off the stopped train, but is quickly arrested. Brown escorts Ann from the Los Angeles train station to the grand jury. The film was based on a story by Martin Goldmsith and Jack Leonard called \"Target\". RKO bought it in 1950. The film does not have a music score in the usual meaning of the term: the director substituted actual train sounds in places where music would ordinarily be heard for dramatic effect. However, the film \"does\" have music,", "id": "18004901" }, { "contents": "Arabic pop music\n\n\nfans of Arabic pop live in the Arab World. Arabic pop also has found fans in communities of expats particularly in France, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Further fan bases come from Western belly dance fans. The early days of Arabic pop featured a more traditional style of music. Artists such as Umm Kulthum, who is now considered an Arabic music legend, made it acceptable for females to perform. At this point the performers tended to write lyrics, though not always. Music was", "id": "18671442" }, { "contents": "Sentimental ballad\n\n\nB section is usually referred to as the \"bridge\"; often a brief \"coda\", sometimes based on material from the bridge, is added, as in \"Over the Rainbow\". Examples of notable traditional pop and jazz ballads include: The most common use of the term \"ballad\" in modern pop and R&B music is for an emotional song about romance, breakup and/or longing. The singer would usually lament an unrequited or lost love, either where one party is oblivious to the existence of the other,", "id": "16716457" }, { "contents": "She Is Coming\n\n\nmusical influences from Cyrus' previous releases \"without resorting to extreme stereotypes\" in terms of promotion, and complimented Cyrus for \"making some of the best pop songs she has made in years.\" Mike Neid from \"Idolator\" described the EP as \"certainly enough to net the hitmaker yet another win\", but described Ghostface Killah's verse on \"D.R.E.A.M.\" as \"vibe-killing\" and \"Cattitude\" as the \"most glaring stumble.\" Mikael Wood from the \"Los Angeles Times\" described the EP", "id": "15103304" }, { "contents": "British pop music\n\n\nDave Clark Five, Tom Jones, The Kinks and The Who At this point most of the British Invasion bands did not distinguish their rock 'n' roll or blues based music from pop music. However, around 1967 as blues-rock acts, emerging folk rock and some beat bands, including the Beatles, veered towards a more serious forms of music (with an emphasis on meaning, virtuosity and orientated towards the albums market), the term pop music began to be applied to rock and roll based music with more", "id": "17756485" }, { "contents": "Music\n\n\ntonic of the key. Simple classical pieces and many pop and traditional music songs are written so that all the music is in a single key. More complex Classical, pop and traditional music songs and pieces may have two keys (and in some cases three or more keys). Classical music from the Romantic era (written from about 1820–1900) often contains multiple keys, as does jazz, especially Bebop jazz from the 1940s, in which the key or \"home note\" of a song may change every four bars or", "id": "19192475" } ]

[ { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nwrong on her part and betray all those other women who have suffered the same plight as her. As a final testament to her purity,Sita returns to her celestial abode by going back to her mother Bhumi after confronting Ram. Ram is very heartbroken at this and returns to Ayodhya. He then promotes woman rights on Sita's behalf. After some years Ram crowns Luva and Kusha as Kings of Ayodhya and along with his brothers - Bharat and Shatrughan drown themselves in the Sarayu river. Lakshman precedes his brothers, being the", "id": "2518624" }, { "contents": "Ramayan (2012 TV series)\n\n\nRamayan: Sabke Jeevan Ka Aadhar is an Indian mythological television series produced by Sagar Arts which aired on Zee TV. \"Ramayan\" narrates the tale of Ram who was the eldest of the four sons of Dasharath, the King of Ayodhya. Ram was to become the Ruler of Ayodhya after his father's retirement. But his stepmother, Kaikeyi, under the influence of Manthara, wanted her son Bharat to become the king. Recalling that Dasharath had once promised to grant her any two boons that she asked of him, she", "id": "5231252" }, { "contents": "Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\n\n\nto become king of Ayodhya and rule it, thus creating Ram-Rajya. For this purpose, he also bought the waters of five rivers along with him to do Lord Shri Ram's coronation. But, Lord Ram told Bharath that he does not wish to break his vow given to King Dasharath of coming back to Ayodhya only after completing Vanvas of 14 years. Hence, Bharath asked rishi Vashisht how to use the 5 rivers water that he brought along with him for Lord Ram's Rajya Abhishek. Rishi Vashisht advised him", "id": "17090826" }, { "contents": "Ram Raja Temple\n\n\nAyodhya and return with the child form of Ram or else she would drown herself in Ayodhya's Sarayu river. The queen left the palace and started the long journey to Ayodhya on foot to bring Lord Ram with her to Orchha. She didn't tell the King before leaving that she had ordered her servants to start building a temple (Chaturbhuj Temple) when she brings Lord Ram with her. On reaching Ayodhya, the Queen started praying to Lord Ram close to Laxman Fort near Sarayu river. She ate only fruits, then", "id": "504713" }, { "contents": "Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath\n\n\nignores her pleas. In the battlefield, ravana fights Ram and his army, and after much of a showdown, Vibhishan tells Ram the secret of Raavan's survival. Ram sets a bow towards Raavan's belly and kills him. After the battle, Ram and Sita finally meet and everyone return to Ayodhya, where the royal family and especially, Bharat is awaiting their arrival. The city of Ayodhya rejoices their beloved king's arrival and celebrates Diwali on the occasion. Music is composed by various composers from Bollywood. Composers include", "id": "6984705" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nrefuses to become the king of Ayodhya. Bharat and Janak decide to bring Ram back to Ayodhya. Kaikeyi is grateful to Janak for reminding her about her love for Ram. She requests Bharat to take her along with him to meet Ram. Ram meets Bharat and is depressed on learning about Dasharath's death. Bharat requests Ram to return to Ayodhya, but he refuses. He tells Janak that he will not return because he wants to fulfill the promise he had made to Dasharath. Bharat asks Ram for his sandals. Bharat", "id": "2518602" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\n. Kaushalya, Sumitra and Lakshman are ecstatic to know that Ram will be crowned the king of Ayodhya. Manthara is determined to stop Ram from becoming the king. Manthara reminds Kaikeyi about Dasharath's promise to Ashwapati. She tells Kaikeyi about Dasharath's conspiracy against her. Kaikeyi decides to stop Ram's coronation. Kaikeyi reminds Dasharath about the boons that he had given her. He promises to fulfill two wishes. Kaikeyi tells him to crown Bharat the king of Ayodhya and send Ram into exile for 14 years. Dasharath hesitantly agrees", "id": "2518600" }, { "contents": "Ahivarn\n\n\nMaharaja Ahibaran was the 12th century ancestor King of Modi/Baranwal community. Ahibaran was a Soorya vanshi kshatriya, who was the 21st descendant of Emperor King Mandhata, the ruler of Ayodhya. Ayodhya is the place where Bhagwan Sri Ram was born and ruled. The descendants of Emperor Ahibaran were called \"Baranwal\". He was a Tomar king and his successors ruled areas of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana for many centuries. Later the seat of power went to Dors and Chauhans, with the rise of Hardatta, a Dor ruler who", "id": "6941893" }, { "contents": "Ram Raja Temple\n\n\nstop praying child form of lord Ram and accompany him to Braj. But the queen was adamant, after which the king said that \"You keep praying to Ram but Ram never appears in front of us, unlike Lord Krishna who danced with us along with Radha the other day. If you are so adamant to go to Ayodhya then go, but return only when you have the child form of Ram with you. Only then will I accept your true devotion.\" The queen took a vow that she would go to", "id": "504712" }, { "contents": "Ram Rath Yatra\n\n\nstood. Historical evidence to support this belief is scarce, and several historians have stated that Ayodhya became a religious centre with a number of temples only in the 18th century AD. Additionally, the location of Ayodhya itself is a matter of dispute, since the city has shifted slightly over the millennia. Following the Mughal conquest of the region in 1528, a mosque was built in Ayodhya by the Mughal general Mir Baqi, who named it the \"Babri Masjid\" after the Mughal emperor Babur. According to hearsay, Baqi destroyed", "id": "9591319" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya\n\n\nhouses a temple, which depicts Ram, Sita, Lakshmana, Bharat and Shatrughan as the chief deities. The environment there, provides such serene and tranquil feeling that a devotee would be able to sense the presence of Lord Ram. The legendary princess Heo Hwang-ok, who married king Suro of Geumgwan Gaya of Korea, is believed by some to be a native of Ayodhya. In 2001, a Memorial of Heo Hwang-ok was inaugurated by a Korean delegation, which included over a hundred historians and government representatives.", "id": "19511287" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nto crown Bharat the king and send Ram away. Sita urges Ram to take her along with him. Urmila supports Lakshman's decision of accompanying Ram. Ram leaves Ayodhya on his exile with Sita and Lakshman. Bharat and Shatrughna receive a message asking them to return to Ayodhya. A grieving Dasharatha passes away. Sumitra blames Kaikeyi for his death. Bharat asks Mandavi and Vashistha about Ram. When he learns about Kaikeyi’s misdeed, he blames her for Dashrath's death. He confronts her for her actions against Ram. Bharata", "id": "2518601" }, { "contents": "Ram Rajya\n\n\nIt was the first Indian movie that premiered in the USA. Following Bhagwan Shri Ram's 14 year exile, whereby he demolishes the evil empire of Lord Ravan, rescues his wife, Sita, and returns triumphantly home to Ayodhya to be crowned the King. Bhagwan Ram arranges for Sita to be placed on top a funeral pyre, and when she comes out unscathed with the Lord of Fire himself appearing and asking Bhagwan Ram to take Sita back as she is pure, and her presence has not only purified Ayodhya, but also", "id": "19651932" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nnavel. Rama then shots the arrows at Ravana 's navel.Ravana dies! After the death of the cruel ten-headed King Ravana, Rama crowns Vibhishana, as the King of Lanka.Now everyone goes to Sita in Ashoka Vatika. But, Rama doesn't accepts to take Sita back to Ayodhya.Sita undergoes an Agni pariksha to prove her chastity.Everyone say Goodbye to each other.Ram, Lakshman, Sita, Vibhishana, Hanumana, Sugriva, Angada all leave for Ayodhya. After being crowned king, Ram", "id": "2518620" }, { "contents": "Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath\n\n\non the mythical bow of Lord Shiva shall marry Sita. At the ceremony, only Ram is successful and he marries Sita. In Rama's state, Ayodhya, maidservant Manthara poisons Queen Kaikeyi's (King Dasharatha's third and last wife) mind in asking King Dashratha for her two pending boons —to make her son Bharat the next king of Ayodhya and to exile Rama from Ayodhya for the next 14 years. With a heavy heart, King Dashrath exiles his sons Rama.Rama's half-brother, Lakshman and wife", "id": "6984696" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nwho destroyed a Rakshasha. Soon, afterwards Sita comes to know about Gautama Maharishi and the curse he gave to his wife Ahilya. Meanwhile, King Dasharatha is travelling to Guru Vashistha's ashram to see his sons and gets inspired by Ram. Ram comes to his kingdom and meets his mothers. Meanwhile, he comes to know that he has an elder sister called Shanta. Later it is shown that both Ram and Sita have grown up. In Ayodhya, King Dasharatha conducts the Ashwamedha Yajna for the well-being of his", "id": "2518593" }, { "contents": "Sita: Warrior of Mithila\n\n\nin the kingdom with the help of her childhood friend Samichi, who served as the chief of the police force. After Mithila's financial conditions stabilized, Sita visited the Malayaputra capital city of Agastyakootam to continue training for becoming the next Vishnu. However, she starts suspecting Vishwamitra's reasoning for choosing her over Ram, who was the prince of Ayodhya and the son of king Dashrath the supreme ruler of India. Through Radhika she came to know that Ram was also being considered for becoming the next Vishnu by his mentor Rishi Vashistha", "id": "429157" }, { "contents": "Ram Raja Temple\n\n\nThey joined a group of devotees who were singing and dancing in praise of Lord Krishna outside the temple. The king and queen also joined in the prayers and started to sing and dance. It is believed that Lord Krishna and Radha personified and danced with them and golden flowers were showered from the heavens at that moment. After that incident the king asked the queen to accompany him to Braj-Mathura the land of Lord Krishna, but the queen wanted to go to Ayodhya. The king got annoyed and told the queen to", "id": "504711" }, { "contents": "Ram Lalla Temple\n\n\nAyodhya is one of seven most holy places for Hindus in India. Ayodhya is revered as the birthplace of the Maryaada Purushottama, i.e. ideal man, Lord Rama, the King of Ayodhya, as worshiped also by Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu. The Skandha Puraana, narrates in detail the different temples in Ayodhya, including the one commemorating the birthplace of Rama. Rama lalla (or \"Rama as an infant\" / \"Rama lalla virajmana\" / \"Rama lalla birajmana\") is a Hindu God as an infant (", "id": "1376874" }, { "contents": "Ram ke Naam\n\n\nnational and international awards. In 1526 following the Mughal invasion of the Indian subcontinent, Mir Baqi, a general of the emperor Babur, built a mosque at Ayodhya which he named after Babur. In Hindu mythology, Ayodhya is the birthplace of the god-king Rama. Local traditions hold that a temple to Rama stood at the site and was demolished by Baqi. The site was used for religious purposes by people of both beliefs until 1949. In that year, idols of Rama were surreptitiously placed inside the mosque. An", "id": "14967241" }, { "contents": "Sarayu\n\n\nthe ancient city of Ayodhya, which is in modern day Uttar Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Ghaghara. This Sarayu played a vital role in the city and life of Ayodhya, and according to the Ram Charit Manas, Rama, the seventh Avatar of Vishnu immersed himself in the river to return to his eternal Mahavishnu form, after he retired from the throne of Kosala. His brothers Bharata and Shatrughna also joined him, as did many devout followers. The Sarayu is also the river on whose banks King Rama was", "id": "7677212" }, { "contents": "Bharata (Ramayana)\n\n\nexile. His mother was the reason that Lord Ram was exiled, since she wished Bharat to become the King instead of Ram. Bharat was sad with his mother's act. He also attempted to bring Rama back to Ayodhya after his family sage Vashisht advised him to ascend the throne. He never sat on the throne instead he brought the paduka of Lord Ram and placed them on the throne. After 11,000 years of Rama's rule, Bharata also merges with Rama's Mahavishnu form followed by Shatrughana. According to Valmiki Ramayana", "id": "16975080" }, { "contents": "Ramayan (2012 TV series)\n\n\nBut, Ram refuses, so Bharat decides instead to obtain Ram's paduka and places them on the throne as a gesture that Ram is the true king, ruling as his proxy and regent over Ayodhya. Ram, Sita & Lakshmana wander the forests, combating evil wherever they find it and gaining the blessings of wise men and sages along the way. Many years later, Ravan, the King of Lanka, abducts Sita. How Ram & Laxman along with Hanuman, Sugriv, Jamvanta, & later Vibhishana, along with his", "id": "5231254" }, { "contents": "2005 Ram Janmabhoomi attack\n\n\nsite, in the city of Ayodhya. According to Hindu mythology, the site was the birthplace of the God-king Rama. On 5 July 2005, the heavily guarded Ram Janmabhoomi - Babri Masjid complex was attacked by heavily armed terrorists. The attack was foiled by security officials and the attackers were killed. The terrorists were from the Islamic terrorist organisation Lashkar-e-Taiba, and were believed to have entered India through Nepal. They posed as pilgrims on their way to Ayodhya, and boarded a Tata Sumo at Akbarpur", "id": "16829392" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nthem. She then reveals to the twins that Rama is their father and they realise that their mother is the very Sita herself who they fought for, so as to give her justice. Ram decides to bring Sita back and asks the people of Ayodhya if he could do so. He proceeds with the entire family to bring Sita back and there Luva and Kusha are united with Ram. Sita refuses to return to Ayodhya as it was that society who doubted her character and she cannot return to it as it would be", "id": "2518623" }, { "contents": "Scion of Ikshvaku\n\n\nScion of Ikshvaku (also known as Ram: Scion of Ikshvaku) is a fantasy book by Indian author Amish Tripathi, released on 22 June 2015. It is based on Ram, the legendary Indian king regarded as an incarnation of Vishnu. The title was revealed by the author at the Jaipur Literature Festival. The story begins with King Dashrath of Ayodhya being defeated in a war by Lankan trader Raavan, and the birth of his son Ram. It follows through Ram's childhood and tutelage, along with the politics surrounding his", "id": "2530870" }, { "contents": "Ram Sharan Sharma\n\n\n, he writes, \"Ayodhya seems to have emerged as a place of religious pilgrimage in medieval times. Although chapter 85 of the Vishnu Smriti lists as many as 52 places of pilgrimage, including towns, lakes, rivers, mountains, etc., it does not include Ayodhya in this list.\" Sharma also notes that Tulsidas, who wrote the Ramcharitmanas in 1574 at Ayodhya, does not mention it as a place of pilgrimage. After the demolition of Babri masjid, he along with historians Suraj Bhan, M. Athar Ali", "id": "10310717" }, { "contents": "Scion of Ikshvaku\n\n\ndecides to take a 14-year exile as punishment for breaking Rudra's rule about the weapon. A begrudged Manthara asks Kaikeyi to substantiate the matter by using two boons given to her by Dashrath for saving his life. Thus Ram undertakes the exile with Sita and Lakshman. After Dashrath's death, Bharat declares Ram as King of Ayodhya and decides to rule the kingdom as a regent. Sita makes a secret deal with the vulture-like Naga Jatayu and his men, to protect Ram and supply the trio with the anti-ageing", "id": "2530876" }, { "contents": "Vishnu Puran (TV series)\n\n\nregrow new heads - shoot his navel instead. Ram kills Ravan. Episode 120The 14 years are up and Vibhishan, now king of Lanka, lends Shri Ram, Devi Sita and Lakshman his flying chariot so they can return to Ayodhya on the correct day and not worry Bharat. The exiles joyously return to Ayodhya and Bharat. Episode 121: Mother Earth concludes that whenever she was riddled with sinners, whenever the human race was endangered - the Creator of the Universe, the God incarnated Himself. She summarizes the 10 incarnation of", "id": "15516119" }, { "contents": "Ram Raja Temple\n\n\nwill be my final place of stay and will be famous by the name of Ramraj.\" The Queen agreed and started her journey to Orchha with baby Ram in her lap. Since the queen travelled only in Pukh Nakshtra it took 8 months and 27 days for the queen to reach Orchha from Ayodhya on foot (between 1574 and 1575). King Madhukar Shah meanwhile had a dream where Lord Banke Bihari scolded him on discriminating between Lord Ram and himself. Lord Banke Bihari reminded the King that Lord Ram and he are one", "id": "504716" }, { "contents": "Ram statue\n\n\nRam Statue is a planned monument in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, dedicated to the Hindu God Ram. The statue will be 251 meters tall and once completed will be the world's tallest statue. The cost of the statue will be Rs.2500 crore. The Yogi Adityanath government had announced in 2017 that it would construct a Ram statue in Ayodhya as part of the “Navya Ayodhya” scheme of the UP Tourism Department to develop the area into tourist center. On 24 November 2018, the design of the statue was finalised. On", "id": "15340878" }, { "contents": "Ram Raja Temple\n\n\nand the same, there is no difference. King was very apologetic when he woke up and found out that the queen was returning from Ayodhya. The King went to receiver the queen with horses, elephants, servants, food, etc. and apologized to the queen. The queen did not accept king's apology and refused the comforts offered to her by the King. The Queen claimed that she now possessed everything one could ever ask for (Lord Ram in child form). On returning to Orchha, the queen went", "id": "504717" }, { "contents": "Walkeshwar\n\n\nthat Hindu god, Ram paused at that spot on his way from Ayodhya to Lanka in pursuit of the demon king, Ravana who had kidnapped his wife, Sita. Then Lord Rama was advised to worship Shiv linga and he is said to have constructed the original linga of sand, after getting tired of waiting for his brother, Lakshman to bring an idol. The name is etymologically derived from the Sanskrit word for an idol made of sand -- \"Valuka Iswar\", an Avatar of Shiva. As the story progresses,", "id": "12427022" }, { "contents": "Ram Rajya\n\n\nSri Lanka, as well as himself. Thus satiated, Ram and Sita return to Ayodhya, but not for long as the people, especially a washer-man (Dhobi) demands that Sita be expelled from the kingdom, as the people would like him to ask his wife to leave Ayodhya as she has spent several days and nights away from husband, and has thus maligned herself. Bhagwan Ram gives way to the demands of his people, and expels Sita, who then goes to reside with Lord Valmiki, calls herself", "id": "19651933" }, { "contents": "Deva dynasty (Saketa)\n\n\nThe Deva dynasty of Saketa, was a dynasty of kings who ruled in the area of the city of Ayodhya, Kosala, in India from the 2nd century BCE until the end of 1st century BCE. Five Deva kings are attested by their coins: Mula-deva, Vayu-deva, Vishakha-deva, Patha-deva, and Dhana-deva. Another king - Phalgudeva - is attested by the 1st century BCE Ayodhya inscription of his son Dhanadeva. After the decline of the Maurya empire, Saketa (modern Ayodhya", "id": "12087734" }, { "contents": "Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\n\n\ntemples commemorate this spot, which offers a panoramic view of Chitrakut. Bharath Koop is where Bharata stored holy water collected from all the places of pilgrimage in India. It is small, an isolated spot a few kilometres from the town. It has a small well and temple situated next to it. The water in the well remains pure and clean round the year. The story goes, that Bharatji came to Chitrakoot to convince Shri Ram to come back to Ayodhya, after the death of King Dasharath, to ask Shri Ram", "id": "17090825" }, { "contents": "Reasons for Ram avatar\n\n\nwill never be destroyed.\" (That is, they are holy/immortal.) Then the king said — \"O lord! I have one more request... Like a fish cannot survive without water, [let] that way my life be dependent on you.\" Ram said — \"So be it. [For now, come] stay in the [celestial] capital Amaravati [with me]...[A]fter some time, you will be the king of [the earthly kingdom] Awadh (Kosala or Ayodhya", "id": "9979246" }, { "contents": "Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\n\n\nhis seat upon the throne of Ayodhya, he refused and came to Chitrakoot to meet Lord Ram. Here at place called Bharat Milap, Bharat met Lord Ram and requested him to return to Ayodhya and rule; but Lord Ram would not. Then Bharat returned to Ayodhya and installed the sandals on the throne, and, living in retirement, carried on the government as their minister. Now Lord Rama decided for two reasons to leave Chitrakuta: first, inasmuch as hosts of rakshasas, out of hatred of him, annoyed the", "id": "17090816" }, { "contents": "King Romapada\n\n\nDharmaratha grew old, He decided to make Romapada as the ruler of Anga. After King Dharmaratha went to forest, Romapada became the King of Anga. He married Vershini who was the elder sister of Kausalya (mother of Rama) and made friendship with King Dasharatha of Ayodhya who was the father of Rama. He ruled Anga without the path of dharma. This angered Devaraja Indra and did not give rain only to his kingdom. He became worried. He asked what the solution to solve the problem of drought to his royal", "id": "6441808" }, { "contents": "Shweta Shalini\n\n\nShe is also a columnist and a thought-leader whose opinion pieces on political as well as articles on non-political issues are noteworthy. Being from Ayodhya herself and in recognition of her work in Ayodhya and ideology rooted in traditional Indian values, she was appointed General Secretary of the Ayodhya Samanvaya Samiti which was formed at the behest of petitioners of Ram Janmabhoomi movement to construct Ram Mandir at the birthplace of Lord Rama. This Samiti having representations from Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Vishva Hindu Parishad, Nirmohi Akhara, Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas and", "id": "4864254" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya firing incident\n\n\nThe Ayodhya firing incident describes the occasion when the Uttar Pradesh police fired live ammunition at civilians on two separate days, 30October 1990 and 2November 1990. The civilians were religious volunteers, or \"kar sevaks\", assembled near the Ram Janmabhoomi site at Ayodhya. The state government's official records report that 16 people were killed. In September 1990 the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Bhartiya Janata Party campaigned for a new Ram Temple to be built at the Ram Janmabhoomi site.", "id": "6798924" }, { "contents": "Faizabad\n\n\nof Bahu Begum, Gulab Bari. The earliest reference made to Ayodhya is said to be in the Ramayana, in which the city is referred to as Saket, the mythical private estate of King Dashrath father of Lord Ram but the other sources indicate that Saket, which means Heaven in Sanskrit, is the ancient name of holy city of Ayodhya not Faizabad. However, more accurately, the reference is found in Medieval and Modern history, when Nawab Saadat Ali Khan, Burhan-ul-Mulk was given the charge of the", "id": "470270" }, { "contents": "Sita\n\n\nopposed to jumping in it. She is not burnt, and the coals turn to lotuses. The couple came back to Ayodhya, where Rama was crowned king with Sita by his side. While Rama's trust and affection for Sita never wavered, it soon became evident that some people in Ayodhya could not accept Sita's long captivity under Ravana. During Rama's period of rule, an intemperate washerman, while berating his wayward wife, declared that he was \"no pusillanimous Rama who would take his wife back after she had", "id": "5508038" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya dispute\n\n\nbook, but it is made clear that it is in pursuance of this pledge that he got the Babri mosque constructed after conquering Hindustan. The original book was written in Persian by Maulvi Abdul Karim, a spiritual descendant of Musa Ashiqan, and it was translated into Urdu by Abdul Ghaffar, his grandson, with additional commentary. The older editions of Abdul Ghaffar's book contain more detail, which seems to have been excised in the 1981 edition. Lala Sita Ram of Ayodhya, who had access to the older edition in 1932", "id": "1106386" }, { "contents": "Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath\n\n\nSita also accompany him. Stricken with grief, obedient half-brother Bharata begins to rule Ayodhya under the name of rightful King Rama, who begins his exile in Panchvati. After 12 years, Ram, Lakshman and Sita are well acquainted with the forest. But they are yet to meet the most feared villain of all times - Ravana. One day Ravana's sister, Surpanakha accidentally meets Rama and gets attracted towards him. However, when he refuses she advances to kill Sita but Lakshmana cuts her nose. Hearing this an", "id": "6984697" }, { "contents": "Ram Janmabhoomi\n\n\nthe columns were in good preservation.\" A section of historians, such as R. S. Sharma, state that such claims of Babri Masjid site being the birthplace of Rama sprang up only after the 18th century. Sharma states that Ayodhya emerged as a place of Hindu pilgrimage only in medieval times, since ancient texts do not mention it as a pilgrim centre. For example, chapter 85 of the Vishnu Smriti lists 52 places of pilgrimage, which do not include Ayodhya. Sharma also notes that Tulsidas, who wrote the Ramcharitmanas in", "id": "12155746" }, { "contents": "Scion of Ikshvaku\n\n\nascension to the throne, and ultimately his 14-year exile, accompanied by wife Sita and brother Lakshman. King Dashrath of Ayodhya, Emperor of the Sapta Sindhu region in India, objects demands made by Kubera,trader and ruler of Lanka. He declares war but is defeated by Kubera's general Raavan, at Karachapa. Dashrath barely escapes with his life thanks to Kaikeyi, his second queen. At the same time in Ayodhya, Dashrath's first queen Kaushalya gives birth to their son, Ram. Following the defeat, Ravan monopolizes", "id": "2530871" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya\n\n\nwith so many religious places and shrines, in Ayodhya is a venerated place that has been revered by all, the fraction of Hindu religious. This holy place is associated with Lord Ram, the hero of the great epic Ramayana. All the places in Ayodhya is somehow related to this legendary ruler who is regarded as an icon of virtue, truth and devotion. Chakravarti Maharaja Dasrath Mahal is not an exception to this common phenomenon. It is where Maharaja Dasharatha is believed to reside with his kith and kin. Now the place", "id": "19511286" }, { "contents": "Ram Raja Temple\n\n\nRam agreed to go but he put forth three conditions: \"I will travel only in Pukh Nakshatra. When Pukh Nakshatra will end I will stop and resume only when Pukh Nakshatra sets in again. In this manner I will travel from Ayodhya to Orchha on foot along with a group of sages. Secondly, once I reach Orchha, I will be the King of Orchha and not your husband. Thirdly, (since the child form of Ram would travel in the queen’s lap), the first place you seat me", "id": "504715" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya\n\n\nthe capital of the Gupta Empire was moved from Pataliputra to Ayodhya. Paramartha states that king Vikramaditya moved the royal court to Ayodhya; Xuanzang also corroborates this, stating that this king moved the court to the \"country of Shravasti\", that is, Kosala. A local oral tradition of Ayodhya, first recorded in writing by Robert Montgomery Martin in 1838, mentions that the city was deserted after the death of Rama's descendant Brihadbala. The city remain deserted until King Vikrama of Ujjain came searching for it, and re-", "id": "19511263" }, { "contents": "Ancestors of Rama\n\n\nThe ancestors of Lord Ram are described below according to Vishnu Purana and Valmiki Ramayana. The famous personalities of Suryavansha as per Vishnu Purana, Valmiki Ramayana, Ramakatha Rasavahini and Raghuvansha Charitram are Ikshvaku, Vikukshi, Kakusta, etc. The city of Kosala and Ayodhya was founded by Manu (earliest Prajapathi) and by his son Ikshvaku whose descendant was Ram. 01. Vivasvan (vaivasvata) Manu (wife: Shraddha) 02. Ikshvaku (originally Rishabha, became Ikshvaku after surviving with sugar-cane juice) 03. Bharata:", "id": "8372270" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nplaces Ram's sandals on the throne. He apologizes to Vashisht saying he cannot take over Ram's place. Shatrughna confronts Bharata for his decision of becoming a tapasvi. Bharat assures Kaushalya that he will stay near Ayodhya. He asks Shatrughna to help him in keeping his promise to Ram to take care of Ayodhya. Lakshman tells Ram and Sita that Goddess Nidradevi has given him a boon to stay awake so that he can serve them. Lakshman's request, Nidradevi has given his share of sleep to Urmila, until he", "id": "2518603" }, { "contents": "My Country My Life\n\n\nnarration of the BJP's active participation in the movement for the reconstruction of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya. Advani writes: ‘(It) soon snowballed into the largest mass movement in the history of independent India. The spectacular public response to my Ram Rath Yatra from Somnath to Ayodhya in September–October 1990 far exceeded my own expectations. Just as the struggle against the Emergency opened my eyes to the Indian people’s unflinching faith in democracy, the Ayodhya movement opened my eyes to the deep-rooted influence of religion in", "id": "11660345" }, { "contents": "Liberhan Commission\n\n\nin a statement.Togadia asserted the VHP was committed to building a great Ram temple at the disputed site in Ayodhya and was ready to make any sacrifice for achieving this. \"A magnificent temple will be built at the site. It is a socio-religious, cultural and legal right of the Hindus,\" the VHP secretary general said. The VHP pointed out that in para 158.3, the commission says it(Ayodhya debate) “...never became a movement...” whereas in para 158.9 & 159.10, it contradicted itself with", "id": "6696471" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya\n\n\nestablished it. He cut down the forests that had covered the ancient ruins, erected the Ramgar fort, and built 360 temples. Vikramditya was a title of multiple Gupta kings, and the king who moved the capital to Ayodhya is identified as Skandagupta. Bakker theorizes that the move to Ayodhya may have been prompted by a flooding of the river Ganges at Pataliputra, the need to check the Huna advance from the west, and Skandagupta's desire to compare himself with Rama (whose Ikshvaku dynasty is associated with the legendary Ayodhya)", "id": "19511264" }, { "contents": "Adhiratha\n\n\nAdhiratha was the foster father of Karna and the chief charioteer of King Dhritrashtra. But as per Srimad Bhagavatam, Adhiratha descended from Yayati and therefore was related to Krishna. He was also the descendant of Rompad, the king of Angdesh and brother-in-law of Maharaja Dashratha's descendant Shighra, king of Ayodhya. His wife's name was Radha (Mahābhārata). They both had a son named Shon after Karna's adoption, who became his younger foster brother. Karna as his son was also called as \"Suryaputra", "id": "13607905" }, { "contents": "Ram Lalla Temple\n\n\n\"lalla\"), the presiding deity at the temple of Janambhumi (Birthplace Temple) at Ayodhya, India. Historically, the site was of utmost importance to Hindus. Hindus have been worshiping there as the birthplace of God Rama and visiting it as a sacred place of pilgrimage as of right. The Janmasthana temple was rebuilt many times by kings of well-known dynasties prior to 900A.D. Even after the temple was demolished in 1528 by Emperor Babur, it remained under continuous veneration and Hindus attempted to rebuild the temple at the", "id": "1376875" }, { "contents": "Vishnu Hari inscription\n\n\nAshva-pati Nara-pati Gaja-pati\". But this particular inscription does not mention any such title for Govindachandra. Therefore, he concludes that the \"Govindachandra\" mentioned in this inscription was not the Gahadavala monarch, but a \"weak Gahadavala princeling\" of the same name, who was a contemporary of Jayachandra. Habib theorizes that Ayodhya came under the control of the imperial Gahadavalas, sometime after 1184 CE, during Jayachandra's reign. Some scholars, such as Ram Sharan Sharma and Sita Ram Roy, believe that", "id": "524981" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya Inscription of Dhana\n\n\nAyodhya Inscription of Dhana is a stone inscription related to a Hindu Deva king named Dhana or Dhana–deva of the 1st-century BCE. He ruled from the city of Ayodhya, Kosala, in India. His name is found in ancient coins and the inscription. According to P.L. Gupta, he was among the fifteen kings who ruled from Ayodhya between 130 BCE and 158 CE, and whose coins have been found: Muladeva, Vayudeva, Vishakadeva, Dhanadeva, Ajavarman, Sanghamirta, Vijayamitra, Satyamitra, Devamitra and Aryamitra.", "id": "12087667" }, { "contents": "Ramcharitmanas\n\n\nMany scholars have commented on the sudden ending to the Manas. Valmiki's Uttar Kānd goes into great detail about Sita going into the forest, as a result of disapproving gossip of the citizens of Ayodhya, during the rule of Ram over Ayodhya. Sitaji asks mother Earth to receive her and Ram leaves His human form and returns to His celestial abode. Tulsidas decides not to mention these at all. The Katha Kar Morari Bapu has mentioned in many of his retellings of Ram Katha, that Tulsidasji didn't want to end the", "id": "11025002" }, { "contents": "Paduka\n\n\nhe will return only after completing his fourteen years in the forest, Bharata requested for Rama's paduka to serve as his proxy, to be crowned in Ayodhya Raj Singhasan (King's throne) of Kosala country and to serve as an object of veneration for Rama's followers. Bharata carried Rama's golden sandals (padukas) with great reverence by placing them on his head as a mark of his obedience to his elder brother. Bharata ruled Kosala as Rama's proxy in the name of \"Ram's Padukas\". The", "id": "16687476" }, { "contents": "Sita Samahit Sthal\n\n\nValmiki who wrote Ramayana. According to Ramayana when Lord Rama came to Sita to ask her to come with him. According to Ramayana and other sacred books of Hindu dharma, when Lord Rama returned from the grand victory on Ravana the powerful king of Lanka. After becoming the king of Ayodhya a big yaga was held by Lord Rama and the horse of that grand yagya Ashvamedha was released from Ayodhya, the horse was to move in any direction or in any kingdom, the king of that kingdom should have to declare Rama as", "id": "11969066" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya dispute\n\n\ncentre grew. In particular, multiple versions of \"Ayodhya Mahatmya\" (magical powers of Ayodhya) prescribed the celebration of \"Ram Navami\" (the birthday of Rama). In modern times, a mosque was located at the supposed birth spot of Rama, which sat on a large mound in the centre of Ayodhya, called the \"Ramadurg\" or \"Ramkot\" (the fort of Rama). The mosque bore an inscription stating that it was built in 1528 A.D. by Mir Baqi on the orders of Babur.", "id": "1106384" }, { "contents": "Bharata (Ramayana)\n\n\nthe four sons of king Dasharatha i.e. shree Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna were very close to each other. Ram was in line to become the king of Ayodhya, as dictated by Primogeniture policy followed in the Ikshvaku clan, which they belonged to. But, Bharat's mother Kaikeyi, before the crowning of shree Rama went into Kopa Bhawan. The Kopa Bhawan was a place where the wives of the ruling king could go when they felt neglected, in order to compel the king to come visit her and hear her", "id": "16975081" }, { "contents": "Putrakameshti\n\n\nPutrakameshti is a special Yajna performed in Hinduism for the sake of having a male child/son. It is a kaamya-karma. In the ancient Indian epic Ramayana, upon the recommendation of Sage Vashishta, King Dasharatha of Ayodhya performed the Putrakameshti Yajna under the supervision of Rishishringa Muni, who was an expert in Yajurveda, which has the guidelines for this prayer. After its successful completion, the Lord of Fire, Agnidev appeared and gave a bowl of sweet to the King of Ayodhya, which was provided to his three", "id": "13949854" }, { "contents": "Hey Ram\n\n\n, as narrated by his grandson. The film takes place as Ram, a retired archaeologist, lies on the deathbed, on 6 December 1999, the 7th anniversary of the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. The movie begins at present day with Saket Ram (Kamal Haasan), an 89-year-old Hindu man at his death bed in Madras. He is being taken care of by his grandson Saket Ram Junior, a famous novelist who writes historical fiction, and their family doctor, Munawar. Ram Jr. explains how", "id": "5034539" }, { "contents": "Tulsi Ram Sharma\n\n\nIn 1950, the two main organisations active in politics in the sugar cane growing districts of Fiji were the farmers’ unions, Kisan Sangh and Maha Sangh. A. D. Patel was the incumbent for the North West Indian Division and had the support of Maha Sangh while the preferred candidate for Kisan Sangh was Ayodhya Prasad. When Tulsi Ram also put up his nomination, Ayodhya Prasad withdrew in his favour as he did not want to split the anti-Patel votes. With the support of the Kisan Sangh, Tulsi Ram won the", "id": "11700659" }, { "contents": "Sons of Ram\n\n\nAyodhya, the greatest warrior king that ever lived and the main character of the Ramayana, was forced to send his beloved wife Sita into exile, thus leading him and his kingdom to despair and towards an empty future. Unknown to Ram, far away in sage Valmiki's hermitage, Sita lives as Vandevi, raising their twin sons, Luv & Kush. Though not aware of their lineage, the twins imbibe wisdom, compassion and combat skills that would put any royal prince to shame. Sita teaches Luv -Kush to always work", "id": "13321774" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya (Ramayana)\n\n\nAyodhya is a legendary city mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit-language texts, including the \"Ramayana\" and the \"Mahabharata\". These texts describe it as the capital of the Ikshvaku kings, including Rama. The historicity of this legendary city is of concern to the Ayodhya dispute. According to one theory, it is same as the present-day Ayodhya city. According to another theory, it is a fictional city, and the present-day Ayodhya (originally called Saketa) was renamed after it around the 4th or", "id": "21239548" }, { "contents": "Vishnubhat Godse\n\n\nto Kalpi to join the queen who had escaped there during the attack. He was also present at the battle of Kalpi in May 1858. Later, he paid visits to Bramhavarta, Chitrakuta, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Ayodhya. He was in Ayodhya on the day of Ram Navami, i.e. April 11, 1859. Throughout his journey, he had dangerous encounters with mutineers, company soldiers, and robbers, who took almost all of the money he had earned during his travel. In the beginning of 1860, he returned", "id": "17006284" }, { "contents": "Basti district\n\n\nthe most ancient Hindu Mandir of Lord Ram and Goddess Sita. Lord Shri Ram stayed here for one day during his journey of Janakpur-Ayodhya. Lord Shri Rama and Sita with Lakshmana journeyed towards Ayodhya by the road called Ram Janki Marg (State Highway 72) near Chhawani. The district lies between the parallels of 26° 23' and 27° 30' North Latitude and 82° 17' and 83° 20' East longitude. Its maximum length from north to south is about 75 km. and breadth from east", "id": "8354294" }, { "contents": "Ramrekha Mandir\n\n\nRamrekha Mandir is an ancient Hindu temple of Lord Ram and Goddess Sita. This Temple is near Amorha also called the place of Raja Zalim Singh's State Amorha (also known as Amodha) in Basti district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Amorha Khas is a town and a Gram panchayat in Basti district. Lord Shri Ram stayed there for one day during his journey from Janakpur to Ayodhya. Lord Shri Rama, Sita and Lakshmana journeyed towards Ayodhya by the road now called Ram Janki Marg (State Highway 72) near", "id": "8895883" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya (Ramayana)\n\n\n5th century, during the Gupta period. According to the \"Ramayana\", Ayodhya was founded by Manu, the progenitor of mankind, and measured 12x3 \"yojanas\" in area. Both \"Ramayana\" and \"Mahabharata\" describe Ayodhya as the capital of the Ikshvaku dynasty of Kosala, including Rama and Dasharatha. The \"Purana-pancha-lakshana\" also describes the city as the capital of Ikshvaku kings, including Harishchandra. The \"Ramayana\" states that the city was ruled by king Dasaratha, who a descendant of", "id": "21239549" }, { "contents": "Ram ke Naam\n\n\nRam ke Naam (English: \"In the Name of God\") is a 1992 documentary by Indian filmmaker Anand Patwardhan. The film explores the campaign waged by the Hindu-nationalist Vishva Hindu Parishad to build a Ram temple at the site of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, as well as the communal violence that it triggered. A couple of months after \"Ram ke Naam\" was released, VHP activists demolished the Babri Masjid in 1992, provoking further violence. The film earned Patwardhan a wide recognition, and received several", "id": "14967240" }, { "contents": "Shiva Nath Katju\n\n\nquo. In 1978, Katju became the President of the Varanasi branch of Bhagwan Gopinath Trust. He was also a member of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, and became its President in the late 1980s. As a VHP leader, he campaigned for the construction of a Hindu temple at the Ram Janmabhoomi in Ayodhya. He was put under house arrest during the height of this campaign. Katju married Girja (1913–1938), and after her death, Raj Kumari (1912–2006). His brother Brahma Nath was a Chief Justice of the", "id": "11936215" }, { "contents": "Miscegenation\n\n\n(the progenitor of the Gimhae Kim clan) took a princess (Princess Heo) from the \"Ayuta nation\" (which is the Korean name for the city of Ayodhya in North India) as his bride and queen. Princess Heo belonged to the Mishra royal family of Ayodhya. According to the Samguk Yusa, the princess had a dream about a heavenly fair handsome king from a far away land who was awaiting heaven's anointed ride. After Princess Heo had the dream, she asked her parents, the king and queen", "id": "14640868" }, { "contents": "Chandgad\n\n\nmore than 7000 years to the time when Lord Ram killed the demon king Ravan. Ram was welcomed in his hometown Ayodhya by a celebration of crackers and lights. Chandgad mostly depends on agriculture. This place has many crops like paddy, nachani, banana, sugar cane, and cashews. There are large number of cashew nut processing factories in the Chandgad region. Chandgad has three sugar factories, one co-operative, Daulat Sugar Factory, Halkarni; and two private, Hemarus sugars, Rajgoli and Nalwade Sugars, mahalunge khalsa", "id": "1496653" }, { "contents": "Ram Sharan Sharma\n\n\nto examine the historical veracity of claims made regarding Ram Sethu by certain devout Hindus- specifically, that Ram Sethu was made by the Hindu God Ram and not a result of natural formation (the result of continuous wave action). Sharma, who was the historian on the committee, submitted his report in December 2007 and thus helped in defusing the crisis. Incidentally, work on the report occasioned his last visit to Delhi. Sharma has denounced communalism of all types. In his booklet, \"Communal History and Rama's Ayodhya\"", "id": "10310716" }, { "contents": "Ram Janmabhoomi\n\n\nRam Janmabhoomi (literally, \"Rama's birthplace\") is the name given to the site that is the birthplace of Rama, the 7th avatar of the Hindu deity Vishnu. The Ramayana states that the location of Rama's birthplace is on the banks of the Sarayu river in a city called \"Ayodhya\". A section of Hindus claim that the exact site of Rama's birthplace is where the Babri Masjid once stood in the present-day Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. According to this theory, the Mughals demolished a Hindu", "id": "12155738" }, { "contents": "Scion of Ikshvaku\n\n\nthe entire trade system in India, causing economic crisis. Dashrath blames Ram as the reason for his defeat, and treats him apathetically. Ram and his half-brothers, Bharat (son of Kaikeyi), Lakshman and Shatrughan (twin sons of Dashrath's third wife Sumitra), are sent to live at the hermitage of sage Vashistha. Under his tutelage, Ram becomes a skilled warrior, and gains knowledge about India's predicament. After training, Ram is given the job of maintaining law and police in Ayodhya, which", "id": "2530872" }, { "contents": "William Finch (merchant)\n\n\nCompany and published an abridged version of it as a chapter in his \"\"Pilgrimes\"\". In Ayodhya, Finch was an early witness to the location of the Ram Janmabhoomi (the birth place of Rama), the source of the present day Ayodhya dispute. Finch did not mention the birthplace or a mosque (Babri Masjid, believed to have been constructed by a general of Babur). He did mention ruins, which were apparently believed to be Rama's castle and houses. Scholar Hans T. Bakker, who made", "id": "19270283" }, { "contents": "Satrikh\n\n\naverage of 67.68 %. Male literacy is 62.02% while female literacy is 50.00%. In Satrikh, 15.41% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is said that in ancient times it was part of the kingdom ruled by Suryavanshi kings, whose capital was Ayodhya. King Dashrath and his famous son, Ram were of this dynasty. Guru Vashisht was their Kulguru, and he preached and taught the young royal princes of the dynasty at Satrikh, initially known as Saptrishi. The Muslims had made their first", "id": "7740203" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya\n\n\nof Waqfs, one-third to the Nirmohi Akhara and one-third to the Hindu party for the shrine of \"Ram Lalla\" (infant Rama). The court further ruled that the area where the idols of Ram are present be given to Hindus in the final decree, while the rest of the land shall be divided equally by metes and bounds among the three parties. Some South Koreans have identified the \"Ayuta\" mentioned in their ancient Samgungnyusa legend with Ayodhya. According to this legend, the ancient Korean princess", "id": "19511277" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya\n\n\nstatues of Sita with her husband. Ramkot is the main place of worship in Ayodhya, and the site of the ancient citadel of its namesake, standing on elevated ground in the western city. Although visited by pilgrims throughout the year, it attracts devotees from all over the world on \"Ram Navami\", the day of the birth of Rama. Ram Navami is celebrated with great pomp in the Hindu month of Chaitra, which falls between March and April. Swarg Dwar is believed to be the site of cremation of Rama", "id": "19511282" }, { "contents": "Ram Janmabhoomi\n\n\nviolence. Since then, the archaeological excavations have indicated the presence of a temple beneath the mosque rubble. The \"Ramayana\", a Hindu epic whose earliest portions date back to 1st millennium BCE, states that the capital of Rama was Ayodhya. According to the local Hindu belief, the site of the now-demolished Babri Mosque in Ayodhya is the exact birthplace of Rama. The Babri mosque is believed to have been constructed during 1528-29 by a certain 'Mir Baqi' (possibly Baqi Tashqandi), who was", "id": "12155740" }, { "contents": "Ram ke Naam\n\n\nthe city of Ayodhya in support of the movement. The journey triggered communal riots in several cities, leading to Advani's arrest by the government of Bihar. A large number of volunteers nonetheless reached Ayodhya, and attacked the mosque. This resulted in a pitched battle with government's paramilitary forces that ended with the death of several VHP volunteers. \"Ram ke Naam\" explores the VHP's campaign to demolish the Babri Masjid and build a temple to Rama in its place. The film begins with a clip of an organizer describing", "id": "14967243" }, { "contents": "1989 Bhagalpur violence\n\n\nGujarat riots. Bhagalpur has a history of communal violence, and in 1989, the Hindu-Muslims tensions had escalated during the Muharram and Bisheri Puja festivities in August. In 1989, as part of the Ram Janmabhoomi campaign, which aims to construct a Hindu temple at Ayodhya in place of the Babri mosque, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) had organized a \"Ramshila\" procession in Bhagalpur. The procession aimed to collect bricks (\"shilas\") for the proposed Ram temple at Ayodhya. One such procession passing through", "id": "21758525" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya Mandapam\n\n\nAyodhya Mandapam is common meeting hall type of building-structure specifically made for the purpose of Sath-Sangham (Association of like-minded or common interest on religious development/discourses) at West Mambalam, Chennai, India. The mandapam is managed by Sri Ram Samaj. who also operate Mithilapuri Kalyana Mandapam - a marriage hall, Sri Sitaram Vidyalaya school and Gnanavapi - a place for conducting funeral rites. The Mandapam was constructed in 1964 and initially it was thrown open to the Iyers of Mambalam (a set of Brahmin Community", "id": "18849799" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya dispute\n\n\n6 December 1992. A subsequent land title case was lodged in the Allahabad High Court, the verdict of which was pronounced on 30 September 2010. In the landmark hearing, the three judges of The Allahabad High Court ruled that the of Ayodhya land be divided into 3 parts, with 1/3 going to the Ram Lalla or Infant Rama represented by the Hindu Maha Sabha for the construction of the Ram temple, 1/3 going to the Islamic Sunni Waqf Board and the remaining 1/3 going to a Hindu religious denomination Nirmohi Akhara. While the", "id": "1106374" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nsons and his kingdom. While travelling towards Mithila, Sita dares to stop the ceremonial horse and comforts it. After coming back Ram tells not to kill the horse but spare its life. Guru Vishvamitra take Ram and Lakshman from Ayodhya to destroy the demoness queen Tataka. Sita and her sisters also travel along with Kushadhwaja to see Guru Vishvamitra. Sita and her sisters give Lakshman the food. Soon Taraka and her son Subahu is killed by Ram and Lakshman. Guru Vishvamitra tells that he wants to take both of them to Mithila", "id": "2518594" }, { "contents": "Atal Bihari Vajpayee\n\n\n. It became the political voice of the Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir Movement, which sought to build a temple dedicated to the Hindu deity Rama in Ayodhya. The temple would be built at a site believed to be the birthplace of Rama after demolishing a 16th-century mosque, called the Babri Masjid, which then stood there. The strategy paid off for the BJP; it won 86 seats in the Lok Sabha in the 1989 general election, making its support crucial to the government of V. P. Singh. In December 1992, a", "id": "13502035" }, { "contents": "Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)\n\n\nof the negative forces—the rise of demon dictator Ravana—plunges the universe into terror. The birth of God becomes necessary to eliminate the terror of Ravana, leading to the birth of two of the most powerful and mutually attached gods: Shri Rama and Hanuman, sons of Ayodhya's King Dashrath and the ape-headed King Kesari respectively. As time passes, the two meet and become close friends. Hanuman is a celibate monkey, dedicated friend, and brave warrior. Shri Ram is an ideal human being and an", "id": "1065468" }, { "contents": "Ram Janmabhoomi\n\n\nof Afghanistan is the original \"Sarayu\", and Ayodhya was located on its banks. In 1998, archaeologist Krishna Rao put forward his hypothesis about Banawali being Rama's birthplace. Banawali is an Indus-Sarasvati civilization archaeological site located in the Haryana state of India. Rao identified Rama with the Sumerian king Rim-Sin I and his rival Ravana with the Babylonian king Hammurabi. He claimed to have deciphered Indus seals found along the Sarasvati rivers, and found the words \"Rama Sena\" (Rim-Sin) and \"", "id": "12155755" }, { "contents": "1990 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence\n\n\npogrom took place in Bangladesh, marked by widespread destruction of Hindu temples and violence against the Hindus, following the laying of foundation of Ram temple in faraway Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh, India. The relations between the majority Muslims and minority Hindus remained tense and as the events unfolded in Ayodhya. On 29 October, the Jamaat-e-Islami-funded newspaper \"The Daily Inqilab\" ran a top story \"Babri mosque destroyed\". Tensions began to mount in the country after the publication of the news and spread of the", "id": "10696925" }, { "contents": "Demolition of the Babri Masjid\n\n\nOn 6 December 1992, a large group of Hindu activists of the Vishva Hindu Parishad and allied organisations demolished the 16th-century Babri Mosque in the city of Ayodhya, in Uttar Pradesh. The demolition occurred after a political rally organised by Hindu nationalist organisations at the site turned violent. In Hindu tradition, the city of Ayodhya is the birthplace of Rama. In the 16th century a Mughal general, Mir Baqi, had built a mosque, known as the Babri Masjid at a site identified by some Hindus as \"Ram Janmabhoomi", "id": "21622971" }, { "contents": "Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\n\n\nbackdrop of the 1981 Meenakshipuram mass conversion to Islam, and to support one of its offshoots, Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), to launch an enthno-religious movement on the Ayodhya dispute. BJP did not have much electoral success in its initial years and was able to win only two seats in the 1984 elections. After L.K. Advani replaced Vajpayee as party president in 1986, the BJP also began to rally around the Ayodhya campaign. In 1990, the party organised the \"Ram Rath Yatra\" to advance this campaign in", "id": "9513420" }, { "contents": "Siya Ke Ram\n\n\nher plan of making Ravan immortal. Elsewhere Ram, Lakshman, Bharat and Shatrughna reach Ayodhya with their brides. Kaushalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra welcome them. An Aghori predicts Manthara's future and tells her that she will be thrown out of the palace. Ravan challenges the gods to stop him from conquering the world. Ravan confronts Surpanakha for marrying a demon, Vidyutjiva, who is Raavan's enemy. Meanwhile, Bharat and Shatrughan set off to meet Ashwapati, their grandfather. Dasharath announces Ram to be his heir to the throne", "id": "2518599" }, { "contents": "Shatrughna\n\n\nnurse Manthara(who was responsible for poisoning the queen's mind against Rama) and makes an attack to kill her, but he is restrained by Bharata who feels that Rama would not approve. Bharata goes to Rama and asks him to come back to Ayodhya but Rama refuses. Bharata rules Ayodhya from Nandigramam and is an excellent leader, often referred to as the avatar of dharma. Though Bharata was the king designate of Ayodhya during Rama's exile, it was Shatrughna who took care of the administration of the whole kingdom, during Rama", "id": "8207202" }, { "contents": "Ayodhya dispute\n\n\nthe reason for this, \"that once upon a time, here was a house where Beschan [Vishnu] was born in the form of Ram.\" Both the Hindus and Muslims are said to have worshipped at the \"mosque-temple,\" Muslims inside the mosque and Hindus outside the mosque but inside the compound. After the British took over the State, they put up a railing between the two areas to prevent disputes. In 1949, after India's independence, an idol of Ram was placed inside the mosque", "id": "1106380" }, { "contents": "Ram Janmabhoomi\n\n\nIn 2009, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) released its election manifesto, repeating its promise to construct a temple to Rama at the site. Those who believe that Rama was a historic figure, place his birth before 1000 BCE. However, the archaeological excavations at Ayodhya have not revealed any settlement before that date. Consequently, a number of other places have been suggested as the birthplace of Rama. In November 1990, the newly appointed Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar made an attempt to resolve the Ayodhya dispute amicably. Towards this", "id": "12155752" } ]

[ { "contents": "European ass\n\n\nThe European ass \"(Equus hydruntinus)\" is an extinct equine from the middle and late Pleistocene of Eurasia. It appeared first in the fossil report 300,000 years before present and did not disappear until Holocene times. In the late Pleistocene it was widespread throughout much of western Eurasia from the Middle East to Europe, especially along the Mediterranean, with fossil reports from Sicily, Turkey, Spain, France and Portugal. In the east the range apparently stretched at least to the Volga and to Iran. In the north it reached", "id": "3546521" }, { "contents": "Horses in the United States\n\n\nand re-established the animals on the continent. Fossils of the earliest direct ancestor to the modern horse, \"Eohippus\" have been found in the Eocene layers of North American strata, mainly in the Wind River basin in Wyoming. Fossils found at the Hagerman Fossil Beds in Idaho, called the Hagerman horse or \"Equus simplicidens\" are from the Pliocene, dating to about 3.5 million years ago (mya). Paleontologists determined the fossils represented the oldest remains of the genus \"Equus\". The genus \"Equus\"", "id": "21562775" }, { "contents": "Hagerman horse\n\n\n. However further study by other paleontologists determined that fossils closely resembled fossils of a primitive horse from Texas named \"Equus simplicidens\", named by paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1892. Because of this similarity, the two forms were interpreted to be the same species, and since the name \"Equus simplicidens\" was the older name, it was retained following the taxonomic Principle of Priority. The Hagerman fossils represent some of the oldest widely accepted remains of the genus \"Equus\". A cattle rancher named Elmer Cook discovered some fossil", "id": "9021755" }, { "contents": "Equus scotti\n\n\nextinction of megafauna. It was among the last of the native horse species in the Americas until the reintroduction of the horse approximately 10,000 years later, when conquistadors brought modern horses to North and South America around the 16th century. Paleontological excavations have identified the locations of numerous places where \"E. scotti\" occurred. The species was named from Rock Creek, Texas, United States, where multiple skeletons were recovered. A closely related fossil find was made of \"Equus bautistensis\" in California; this species appeared closely related, but", "id": "12278200" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nintermediate form \"Plesippus\". One of the oldest species is \"Equus simplicidens\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"Equus livenzovensis\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"Equus\") lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct", "id": "78182" }, { "contents": "Quagga\n\n\nstill used colloquially for the plains zebra. The quagga was originally classified as a distinct species, \"Equus quagga\", in 1778 by Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert. Traditionally, the quagga and the other plains and mountain zebras were placed in the subgenus \"Hippotigris\". Much debate has occurred over the status of the quagga in relation to the plains zebra. It is poorly represented in the fossil record, and the identification of these fossils is uncertain, as they were collected at a time when the name \"quagga\" referred", "id": "5542410" }, { "contents": "African wild ass\n\n\n\"Equus simplicidens\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"Equus livenzovensis\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"Equus\") lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone", "id": "15987134" }, { "contents": "Paleontology in Tennessee\n\n\nmaximus\" as the giant lizard of their traditions. Among the important early fossil discoveries in Tennessee was a possible candidate for the first known occurrence of amber discovered in the 1800s near Savannah. Another major event occurred in 1920. At that time fossils extracted from Pleistocene deposits near Nashville had been shipped to the Carnegie Museum. A pit excavated into the floodplain sediments east of the Cumberland River uncovered a deer antler, the lower left molar from the horse \"Equus leidyi\", and limb bones from another horse species called \"Equus", "id": "13694443" }, { "contents": "Equus niobrarensis\n\n\nEquus niobrarensis (or commonly, Niobrara horse) is an extinct species of \"Equus\", the genus that includes the horse. \"E. niobrarensis\" may be synonymous with \"Equus scotti\". It was \"stout-legged\" and belonged to the \"big horses\" category as defined by M. C. Winans. The skull of the horse was noted as being broader than Equus caballus. \"E. niobrarensis\" was native to North America and commonly found in western North America and dates to the late Pleistocene. Fossils of", "id": "18145351" }, { "contents": "Donkey\n\n\nand companionable partners and very dependable in work. Although formal studies of their behaviour and cognition are rather limited, donkeys appear to be quite intelligent, cautious, friendly, playful, and eager to learn. The genus \"Equus\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"Dinohippus\", via the intermediate form \"Plesippus\". One of the oldest species is \"Equus simplicidens\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million", "id": "10826247" }, { "contents": "Onager\n\n\nsize and in head-body length. Male onagers are usually larger than females. The genus \"Equus\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"Dinohippus\" via the intermediate form \"Plesippus\". One of the oldest species is \"Equus simplicidens\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is about 3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged", "id": "13015787" }, { "contents": "Equus lambei\n\n\nsome long blondish mane and tail hairs, coarse whitish upper body hairs, and dark brown hairs on the lower leg. Large numbers of \"E. lambei\" teeth have been found in archaeological sites in the Yukon. Based on the fossil records discovered in the Yukon, \"Equus lambei\" is believed to have been a small, slender, caballoid horse (about four ft tall), with a broad skull and a relatively long protocones . In August 2018, a 40,000 year-old foal was discovered in the Batagaika crater", "id": "15987192" }, { "contents": "Kiang\n\n\nas zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"Equus livenzovensis\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"Equus\") lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent", "id": "21182164" }, { "contents": "Fauna of Australia\n\n\nof extant mammalian species, dominated by the marsupials, currently however there is limited taxonomic research into Australia's mammals. The fossil record shows that monotremes have been present in Australia since the Early Cretaceous 145–99 MYA, and that marsupials and placental mammals date from the Eocene 56–34 MYA, when modern mammals first appeared in the fossil record. Although terrestrial marsupials and placental mammals did coexist in Australia in the Eocene, only the marsupials have survived to the present. Non-volant placental mammals made their reappearance in Australia in the Miocene,", "id": "5054591" }, { "contents": "Ediacaran biota\n\n\nexisting body plans of animals first appeared in the fossil record of the Cambrian rather than the Ediacaran. For macroorganisms, the Cambrian biota appears to have completely replaced the organisms that dominated the Ediacaran fossil record, although relationships are still a matter of debate. The organisms of the Ediacaran Period first appeared around and flourished until the cusp of the Cambrian , when the characteristic communities of fossils vanished. A diverse Ediacaran community was discovered in 1995 in Sonora, Mexico, and is approximately 555 million years in age, roughly coeval with Ediacaran", "id": "2700373" }, { "contents": "Equus (genus)\n\n\nEquus is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Within Equidae, \"Equus\" is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses. Like Equidae more broadly, \"Equus\" has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus most likely originated in North America and spread quickly to the Old World. Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long", "id": "2036308" }, { "contents": "Lepidosauria\n\n\nSnakes do not have an extensive fossil record; the oldest known fossil is from between early and late Cretaceous period. There were Tertiary fossil snakes that became extinct by the end of the Eocene period. The first colubrid also appeared in the Eocene period. Lizards first appeared in the middle Jurassic period, and this is when the scincomorph and the anguimorph lizards were first seen. The Gekkotans first appear in the late Jurassic period and the iguanians first appear in the late Cretaceous period. The lizards of the Cretaceous period represent extinct genera", "id": "10846134" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nextinct, and has a second time been introduced into that Continent, is not one of the least interesting fruits of Mr. Darwin's palæontological discoveries.\" In 1848, a study \"On the fossil horses of America\" by Joseph Leidy systematically examined Pleistocene horse fossils from various collections, including that of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and concluded at least two ancient horse species had existed in North America: \"Equus curvidens\" and another, which he named \"Equus americanus\". A decade later, however, he found", "id": "78153" }, { "contents": "Denisova Cave\n\n\nassociated with Paleolithic artifacts where no Neanderthal fossils have been found. Neanderthal and Denisovan mtDNA were present in samples from layers 14 and 15, respectively, from the East Gallery, lower than any previous fossil finds. MtDNA has also been recovered from an equid fossil, dating to around 32,000 years ago, taken from Denisova Cave. The equid fossil was identified as coming from \"Equus ovodovi\" (Ovodov horse), an extinct species first described based on a 40,000 year old fossil taken from Proskuryakova Cave in Khakassia, Russia.", "id": "19993123" }, { "contents": "Donkey\n\n\nhas priority, even when that subspecies was described after the domestic subspecies. This means that the proper scientific name for the donkey is \"Equus africanus asinus\" when it is considered a subspecies, and \"Equus asinus\" when it is considered a species. At one time, the synonym \"ass\" was the more common term for the donkey. The first recorded use of \"donkey\" was in either 1784 or 1785. While the word \"ass\" has cognates in most other Indo-European languages, \"donkey", "id": "10826238" }, { "contents": "Hagerman Horse Quarry\n\n\nwas named from the early Smithsonian excavations of the Hagerman horse. The Hagerman horse is the first fossil representation of the genus \"Equus\" in North America. Historically, the Hagerman Horse Quarry was divided into three informal subquarries, the red, the green and white quarry sandstones. Fossils are found throughout the monument; however the Horse Quarry continues to be the focus of paleontological research. The Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument visitor center is administered by the National Park Service. There is a skeleton reconstruction of a Hagerman horse at the", "id": "6683097" }, { "contents": "Equus (comics)\n\n\nEquus is a fictional comic book supervillain, a cyborg mercenary in the DC Comics universe who serves as an opponent of Superman. Created by writer Brian Azzarello and artist Jim Lee, he first appeared in \"Superman\" Vol. 2 #206, which was published in June 2004 as part of the \"\" storyline. Equus first appears in the third issue of the year-long \"\" storyline that ran in \"Superman\" in 2004 and early 2005. A prototype for the OMAC Project, he comes into conflict with", "id": "1560186" }, { "contents": "Conodont biostratigraphy\n\n\nthe base of the Wordian stage) is at the first appearance of fossils of \"Jinogondolella aserrata\". The base of the Wordian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella aserrata\" first appear. The top of the Wordian (the base of the Capitanian stage) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where \"Jinogondolella postserrata\" first appears. The base of the Capitanian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella postserrata\" first appear.", "id": "1554854" }, { "contents": "Vatera\n\n\nacross the biggest beach on the island. 3 km west you can gaze out to the cape of Agios Fokas, where foundations and columns stubs remain of the temple of Dionysos and an early Christian basilica. The Vatera area hit the Greek news in 1997 when a palaeontologist, Michael Dermitzakis, confirmed what farmers unearthing bones had long suspected when he announced that the area was a treasure trove of two-million-year-old fossils, belonging to the Late Pliocene. The fossils include bones of stenoid horses (\"Equus stenonis", "id": "2504221" }, { "contents": "Hagerman, Idaho\n\n\nsuch varied land and aquatic species from the Pliocene. More than 180 animal species of both vertebrates and invertebrates and 35 plant species have been found in hundreds of individual fossil sites. Eight species are found nowhere else, and 43 were found here first. The Hagerman horse, \"Equus simplicidens\", exemplifies the quality of the fossils. The Hagerman Horse Quarry fossil beds have produced 20 complete skeletons and a number of partial skeletons of this zebra-like ancestor of today’s horse. Hagerman is located at (42.816904, -114.897546", "id": "19273543" }, { "contents": "Sabana Formation\n\n\nuntil the latest Pleistocene. The uppermost sediments of the Sabana Formation were deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum, a time when the first humans populated the Bogotá savanna. These hunter-gatherers used the bones of the still extant Pleistocene megafauna as \"Haplomastodon waringi\", \"Cuvieronius hyodon\" and \"Equus amerhippus lasallei\", of which fossils have been found in the Sabana Formation. Knowledge about the formation has been provided by geologists Alberto Guerrero, Thomas van der Hammen and others. The formation was first defined and named after the", "id": "5539465" }, { "contents": "Conodont biostratigraphy\n\n\nSakmarian (the base of the Artinskian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Sweetognathus whitei\" and \"Mesogondolella bisselli\" first appear. The base of the Artinskian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Sweetognathus whitei\" and \"Mesogondolella bisselli\" first appear. The top of the Artinskian (the base of the Kungurian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Neostreptognathodus pnevi\" and \"Neostreptognathodus exculptus\" first appear. The base", "id": "1554852" }, { "contents": "Conodont biostratigraphy\n\n\nof the Kungurian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Neostreptognathodus pnevi\" and \"Neostreptognathodus exculptus\" first appear. The top of the Kungurian (the base of the Roadian and the Guadalupian series) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella nanginkensis\" first appear. The Kungurian contains three conodont biozones: The base of the Roadian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella nankingensis\" first appears. The top of the Roadian (", "id": "1554853" }, { "contents": "Paleontology in Idaho\n\n\nthe state. Local Native Americans devised myths to explain fossils. By the dawn of the 20th century, the state's fossils had come to the attention of formally trained scientists. Major local finds include the 1904 discovery of multiple mammoth skeletons and the 1928 discovery of a Pliocene bonebed. The Pliocene Hagerman horse, \"Equus simplicidens\", is the Idaho state fossil. The earliest fossils of Idaho date back to the Precambrian. However, little is known about Idaho's Precambrian life. Among the few known fossils are trace fossils", "id": "13695059" }, { "contents": "Natural history of Australia\n\n\n. This find suggests that placental mammals did coexist with marsupials in Australia in the early Tertiary, although only marsupials persisted. It was not until the Devonian period (419–359 Ma) that we see the first great diversification of fishes living within Australian freshwater basins and in marginal marine embayments. Australia has a rich fossil record of early amphibians which first appeared here around 370–375 Ma, based on well-preserved ‘tetrapod’ trackways at Genoa River, Victoria. The fossil record of reptiles in Australia starts in the Mesozoic Era (250–66", "id": "15275070" }, { "contents": "Paleontology in Oregon\n\n\nferns, spongeplants, hazelnuts, water elms, laurels, and horsetails. Trees that would become more common when temperatures later cooled, including alder and birch, made their first appearance along Oregon's Paleogene coastline. Invertebrate foramenifera from the Paleogene have been reported from sediments in Coos County, but their identity remains disputed. Oregon's mid-to-late Paleogene fossil record is split between the ocean-covered western part of the state and the terrestrial east, where mammals made their first appearance in the state's fossil record.", "id": "13695146" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nthe late Pliocene. It was originally thought to be monodactyl, but a 1981 fossil find in Nebraska shows some were tridactyl. \"Plesippus\" is often considered an intermediate stage between \"Dinohippus\" and the extant genus, \"Equus\". The famous fossils found near Hagerman, Idaho were originally thought to be a part of the genus \"Plesippus\". Hagerman Fossil Beds (Idaho) is a Pliocene site, dating to about 3.5 mya. The fossilized remains were originally called \"Plesippus shoshonensis\", but further study by", "id": "78180" }, { "contents": "Timeline of plant evolution\n\n\nfirst extensive appearance of spores in the fossil record (Cambrian spores have been found, also). The first terrestrial plants were probably in the form of tiny plants resembling liverworts when, around the Middle Ordovician, evidence for the beginning of the terrestrialization of the land is found in the form of tetrads of spores with resistant polymers in their outer walls. These early plants did not have conducting tissues, severely limiting their size. They were, in effect, tied to wet terrestrial environments by their inability to conduct water, like", "id": "16395260" }, { "contents": "Hagerman Horse Quarry\n\n\n. An unknown quantity of fossil material was removed prior to the establishment of the Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument in 1988 (Richmond and others, 2002). Based on the documented number of skulls collected from the Hagerman Horse Quarry, at least 200 Hagerman horses are represented from the quarry. Besides the fossil horse, \"Equus simplicidens\", other large vertebrates collected from the quarry include an antelope, a camel and a peccary. Small mammalian fossil vertebrate genera include hare, weasel, gopher, vole and shrew. Also represented", "id": "6683100" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nthe latter name had already been taken and renamed it \"Equus complicatus\". In the same year, he visited Europe and was introduced by Owen to Darwin. The original sequence of species believed to have evolved into the horse was based on fossils discovered in North America in the 1879 by paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh. The sequence, from \"Eohippus\" to the modern horse (\"Equus\"), was popularized by Thomas Huxley and became one of the most widely known examples of a clear evolutionary progression. The horse's", "id": "78154" }, { "contents": "Hagerman horse\n\n\nThe Hagerman horse (\"Equus simplicidens\"), also called the Hagerman zebra or the American zebra, was a North American species of equid from the Pliocene epoch and the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the oldest horses of the genus \"Equus\" and was discovered in 1928 in Hagerman, Idaho. It is the state fossil of Idaho. The Hagerman horse was given the scientific name of \"Plesippus shoshonensis\" in 1930 by a Smithsonian paleontologist named James W. Gidley who led the initial excavations at Hagerman that same year", "id": "9021754" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nsmaller body size – the best-known discovery of these fossils was near Athens.) \"Pliohippus\" arose from \"Callippus\" in the middle Miocene, around 12 mya. It was very similar in appearance to \"Equus\", though it had two long extra toes on both sides of the hoof, externally barely visible as callused stubs. The long and slim limbs of \"Pliohippus\" reveal a quick-footed steppe animal. Until recently, \"Pliohippus\" was believed to be the ancestor of present-day horses", "id": "78178" }, { "contents": "Signor–Lipps effect\n\n\nThe Signor–Lipps effect is a paleontological principle proposed by Philip W. Signor and Jere H. Lipps which states that, since the fossil record of organisms is never complete, neither the first nor the last organism in a given taxon will be recorded as a fossil. The Signor–Lipps effect is often applied specifically to cases of the youngest known fossils of a taxon failing to represent the last appearance of an organism. The inverse, regarding the oldest known fossils failing to represent the first appearance of a taxon, is alternatively called", "id": "9043963" }, { "contents": "Turkmenian kulan\n\n\nIt also has shaggy black mane and a tuft at the tail end. During the summer, the Turkmenian kulan's coat is leaner and brown, then it turns into thick grayish-brown winter coat during the cold season. The genus \"Equus\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"Dinohippus\" via the intermediate form \"Plesippus\". One of the oldest species is \"Equus simplicidens\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date", "id": "15447427" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\npaleontologists determined the fossils represented the oldest remains of the genus \"Equus\". Their estimated average weight was 425 kg, roughly the size of an Arabian horse. At the end of the Pliocene, the climate in North America began to cool significantly and most of the animals were forced to move south. One population of \"Plesippus\" moved across the Bering land bridge into Eurasia around 2.5 mya. The genus \"Equus\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"Dinohippus\", via the", "id": "78181" }, { "contents": "Equus (comics)\n\n\nEquus, who carries out the execution. During the fight, Superman rips the claws right out of Equus' right arm, and seemingly defeats him. Superman then returns to Nox's palace, confronting him with the question of what he intends to do with the weapon, but Equus also appears, and ignores Nox's orders to stand down, saying that he is not being paid by Nox. Nox reminds him that Equus is there to aid him, but Equus brushes Nox aside, and attacks Superman. Superman is less", "id": "1560190" }, { "contents": "HAM (band)\n\n\n's later notoriety. The album \"Saga rokksins\" was released in 1993, and on June 4, 1994, the band held its last concert in the now defunct night club \"Tunglið\" in downtown Reykjavík. The live concert recording was subsequently released as the album \"Lengi lifi\". In 1995, the band's remaining studio recordings were released as the album \"Dauður hestur\" (Equus Mortus). HAM did not perform again until 2001, when it was clear that the German metal band Rammstein would be holding", "id": "14658671" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nand many fossil Pliocene and Pleistocene forms) belong to the subgenus \"E. (Equus)\" which diverged ~4.8 (3.2–6.5) million years ago. Pleistocene horse fossils have been assigned to a multitude of species, with over 50 species of equines described from the Pleistocene of North America alone, although the taxonomic validity of most of these has been called into question. Recent genetic work on fossils has found evidence for only three genetically divergent equid lineages in Pleistocene North and South America. These results suggest all North American fossils of caballine", "id": "78184" }, { "contents": "Hagerman Horse Quarry\n\n\nThe Hagerman Horse Quarry is a paleontological site containing the largest concentration of Hagerman horse (\"Equus simplicidens\") fossils yet found. The quarry is within Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, located west of Hagerman, Idaho, USA, at the geographic division of the Snake River Plain. The Hagerman Horse Quarry is an integral part of the monument and is located on the northern flank of Fossil Gulch in the northern portion of the monument. The Hagerman Horse Quarry resides near the top of the hillside of Smithsonian Hill. The hill", "id": "6683096" }, { "contents": "Wushan Man\n\n\n, of which 116 are mammals. This suggests the fossils existed originally in a subtropical forest environment. The presence of \"Sinomastodon\", \"Nestoritherium\", \"Equus yunnanensis\", \"Ailuropoda microta\" remains in the level containing the jaw suggested that its remains belonged to the earliest part of the Pleistocene or late Pliocene. Dating of the layers containing the fossil remains was initially done using archaeomagnetic dating of traces of the Earth's ancient magnetic field. These confirmed a Pleistocene age linking the fossil jaw to around 1.78 million to", "id": "8922805" }, { "contents": "Equus (genus)\n\n\nold middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Mya for the most recent common ancestor within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Mya. Mitochondrial evidence supports the division of \"Equus\" species into noncaballoid (which includes zebras and asses) and caballoids or \"true horses\" (which includes \"E. ferus\" and \"E. przewalskii\"). Of the extant equine species, the lineage of the asses may have diverged first, possibly as soon as \"Equus\" reached the Old World. Zebras appear to", "id": "2036314" }, { "contents": "Domestication of the horse\n\n\nChina, also happened around 2000 BCE, again apparently in conjunction with the chariot. Although \"Equus\" bones of uncertain species are found in some Late Neolithic sites in China dated before 2000 BCE, \"Equus caballus\" or \"Equus ferus\" bones first appeared in multiple sites and in significant numbers in sites of the Qijia and Siba cultures, 2000-1600 BCE, in Gansu and the northwestern provinces of China. The Qijia culture was in contact with cultures of the Eurasian steppes, as shown through similarities between Qijia and", "id": "8793930" }, { "contents": "Conodont biostratigraphy\n\n\nof the Asselian stage is at the same time the base of the Cisuralian series and the Permian system. It is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Streptognathodus isolatus\" first appear. The top of the Asselian stage (the base of the Sakmarian stage) is at the first appearance of conodont species \"Streptognathodus postfusus\". The Asselian contains five conodont biozones: The base of the Sakmarian stage is laid with the first appearance of \"Streptognathodus postfusus\" in the fossil record. The top of the", "id": "1554851" }, { "contents": "Equus (comics)\n\n\nto Metropia, an artificial paradise within the Phantom Zone, where he again encountered Equus, who has allied himself with General Zod, who is on a campaign to destroy Metropia. Equus, whose chestplate bears the Roman numeral \"III\", was the third version of a program to create super-soldiers. Equus, or \"Vee Three\" as he was designated, is said to be psychotic, due to the enlargement of the amygdalae to which the OMAC candidates were subjected. Equus III later appears in \"Titans/", "id": "1560192" }, { "contents": "James W. Gidley\n\n\nMuseum of Natural History, in 1892. He remained at this job until 1905, after which he joined the United States National Museum as the Preparator in the Section of Vertebrate Fossils. In 1908, after the development of the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, he became the Custodian of Fossil Mammals. Four years later, in 1912, he became an Assistant Curator at USNM, a position he held until his death. Gidley studied various fossil mammals throughout his career, including prehistoric rodents and horses. He described the species \"Equus", "id": "17447179" }, { "contents": "Diatom\n\n\n, after which many marine niches were opened. The gap between this event and the time that fossil diatoms first appear may indicate a period when diatoms were unsilicified and their evolution was cryptic. Since the advent of silicification, diatoms have made a significant impression on the fossil record, with major fossil deposits found as far back as the early Cretaceous, and with some rocks such as diatomaceous earth, being composed almost entirely of them. Although diatoms may have existed since the Triassic, the timing of their ascendancy and \"take-", "id": "2397404" }, { "contents": "Timeline of plant evolution\n\n\nextant liverworts, hornworts, and mosses, although they reproduced with spores, important dispersal units that have hard protective outer coatings, allowing for their preservation in the fossil record, in addition to protecting the future offspring against the desiccating environment of life on land. With spores, plants on land could have sent out large numbers of spores that could grow into an adult plant when sufficient environmental moisture was present. The first fossil records of vascular plants, that is, land plants with vascular tissues, appeared in the Silurian period.", "id": "16395261" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\n, he was \"filled with astonishment\" when he found a horse's tooth in the same stratum as fossil giant armadillos, and wondered if it might have been washed down from a later layer, but concluded this was \"not very probable\". After the expedition returned in 1836, the anatomist Richard Owen confirmed the tooth was from an extinct species, which he subsequently named \"Equus curvidens\", and remarked, \"This evidence of the former existence of a genus, which, as regards South America, had become", "id": "78152" }, { "contents": "Pampas deer\n\n\nfossil record has been destroyed, so there is no indication what the New World deer used to look like. Fossil records begin with clear differentiation and are close to what they look like now. The Pampas deer evolved as plains dwellers. Their direct ancestor first appeared during the Pleistocene period (the Ice Age) during the Pampean Formation. Scientists believe the deer evolved with no culling predators because when alarmed, they stamp their feet, have a particular trot and whistle, and deposit odor. The Pampas deer share a similar gene", "id": "11677173" }, { "contents": "Astrohippus\n\n\nAstrohippus is an extinct member of the Equidae tribe Equini, the same tribe that contains the only living equid genus, \"Equus\". Fossil remains have been found in the central United States, Florida, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Jalisco, and Guanajuato. The fossils date in time from the oldest dating from the Barstovian in the Miocene to the youngest dating in the Hemphillian faunal stage of the early Pliocene. Based on study of the tooth morphology it is considered unlikely that \"Astrohippus\" could be an ancestor of", "id": "5216543" }, { "contents": "Jinogondolella\n\n\nJinogondolella is an extinct genus of conodonts. The top of the Kungurian (the base of the Roadian and the Guadalupian series) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of the species \"Jinogondolella nanginkensis\" first appeared. The base of the Capitanian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of the species \"Jinogondolella postserrata\" first appeared. The global reference profile for this stratigraphic boundary is located at Nipple Hill in the southern Guadalupe Mountains of Texas. The base of the Wordian stage is", "id": "895594" }, { "contents": "Evidence of common descent\n\n\ncomplex structures. For many years, geologists could only roughly estimate the ages of various strata and the fossils found. They did so, for instance, by estimating the time for the formation of sedimentary rock layer by layer. Today, by measuring the proportions of radioactive and stable elements in a given rock, the ages of fossils can be more precisely dated by scientists. This technique is known as radiometric dating. Throughout the fossil record, many species that appear at an early stratigraphic level disappear at a later level. This", "id": "7261739" }, { "contents": "Paleontology in Idaho\n\n\ndown into the top of a hill and uncovered a great abundance of fossils. Among the most prominent were horse bones including skulls, jaws, and sections of their vertebral columns. The horse preserved here was later found to be a transitional form between the primitive \"Pliohippus\" and the modern horse genus \"Equus\". The Idahoan find was called \"Plesippus soshenensis\". Other fossils found at the site included beavers, fish, frogs, turtles, and other animals closely associated with water. These taxa are closely associated with", "id": "13695070" }, { "contents": "Equus (genus)\n\n\nbe monophyletic and differentiated in Africa, where they are endemic. Molecular dating indicates the caballoid lineage diverged from the noncaballoids 4 Mya. Genetic results suggest that all North American fossils of caballine equines, as well as South American fossils traditionally placed in the subgenus \"E.\" (\"Amerhippus\"), belong to \"E. ferus\". Remains attributed to a variety of species and lumped together as New World stilt-legged horses (including \"E. francisci\", \"E. tau\", and \"E. quinni\") probably", "id": "2036315" }, { "contents": "Evolution of the horse\n\n\nevolutionary lineage became a common feature of biology textbooks, and the sequence of transitional fossils was assembled by the American Museum of Natural History into an exhibit that emphasized the gradual, \"straight-line\" evolution of the horse. Since then, as the number of equid fossils has increased, the actual evolutionary progression from \"Eohippus\" to \"Equus\" has been discovered to be much more complex and multibranched than was initially supposed. The straight, direct progression from the former to the latter has been replaced by a more elaborate", "id": "78155" }, { "contents": "Evolution of lemurs\n\n\ndates predicted by Yoder and Horvath. The fossil record tells a different story. Although it cannot show the earliest possible date for the appearance of a taxonomic group, other concerns have arisen about these vastly earlier divergence dates predicted independently of the fossil record. First, palaeontologists have expressed concerns that if primates have been around for significantly more than 66 million years, then the first one-third of the primate fossil record is missing. Another problem is that some of these molecular dates have overestimated the divergence of other mammalian orders", "id": "21207904" }, { "contents": "Evolutionary history of plants\n\n\nbasic problem for survival of seed plants, just as DNA damage is a major problem for life in general. Flowers are modified leaves possessed only by the angiosperms, which are relatively late to appear in the fossil record. The group originated and diversified during the Early Cretaceous and became ecologically significant thereafter. Flower-like structures first appear in the fossil records some ~130 mya, in the Cretaceous. However, in 2018, scientists reported the finding of a fossil flower from about 180 million years ago, 50 million years earlier than", "id": "13246081" }, { "contents": "Dinohippus\n\n\nmore closely related to extant horses than to \"Dinohippus\". \"Dinohippus\" was the most common horse in North America and like \"Equus\", it did not have a dished face. It has a distinctive passive \"stay apparatus\" formed from bones and tendons to help it conserve energy while standing for long periods. \"Dinohippus\" was the first horse to show a rudimentary form of this character, providing additional evidence of the close relationship between \"Dinohippus\" and \"Equus\". \"Dinohippus\" was originally thought", "id": "14033208" }, { "contents": "Urbilaterian\n\n\nin relatively large (macroscopic) organisms, their common ancestor ought also to have been macroscopic. However, such large animals should have left traces in the sediment in which they moved, and evidence of such traces first appear relatively late in the fossil record — long after the urbilaterian would have lived. This leads to suggestions of a small urbilaterian, which is the supposed state of the ancestor of protostomes, deuterostomes and acoelomorphs. The first evidence of bilateria in the fossil record comes from trace fossils in sediments towards the end of", "id": "11885106" }, { "contents": "Prehistoric Thailand\n\n\nOld Stone Age. It spans the time from around 2.5 million years ago, when the first craft and use of stone tools by hominids appears in the archaeological record, until around 120,000 years ago when important evolutionary and technological changes ushered in the Middle Palaeolithic. The earliest hominids, known as Homo erectus and recognisable as human, appear in the archaeological record between 1,000,000-500,000 years ago. Locally typified by the fossil, Lampang Man. About 1,000,000 years ago, \"Homo erectus\" moved to Asia from Africa, where it", "id": "6054656" }, { "contents": "Quagga\n\n\nto all zebras. Fossil skulls of \"Equus mauritanicus\" from Algeria have been claimed to show affinities with the quagga and the plains zebra, but they may be too badly damaged to allow definite conclusions to be drawn from them. Quaggas have also been identified in cave art attributed to the San. Reginald Innes Pocock was perhaps the first to suggest that the quagga was a subspecies of plains zebra in 1902. As the quagga was scientifically described and named before the plains zebra, the trinomial name for the quagga becomes \"E.", "id": "5542411" }, { "contents": "Equidae\n\n\nEquidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus \"Equus\". Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes the extant tapirs and rhinoceros, and several extinct families. The term equid refers to any member of this family, including any equine. The oldest known fossils assigned to Equidae date from the early Eocene, 54 million years", "id": "10199817" }, { "contents": "Australopithecus anamensis\n\n\n. Fossil records for \"A. anamensis\" have been dated to between 4.2 and 3.9 million years ago, with recent findings from stratigraphic sequences dating to about 4.1–4.2 million years ago. Specimens have been found between two layers of volcanic ash, dated to 4.17 and 4.12 million years, coincidentally when \"A. afarensis\" appears in the fossil record. The fossils (twenty one in total) include upper and lower jaws, cranial fragments, and the upper and lower parts of a leg bone (tibia). In addition to this", "id": "7813753" }, { "contents": "Lepidosauria\n\n\nand species. The majority of amphisbaenians first appeared during the early Cenozoic period. Rhynchocephalian fossils first appear in the Middle Triassic period, between 238-240 million years ago, making them the earliest lepidosaurian fossils found to date. The tuatara can now only be found on small islands off the New Zealand coast. However, fossil records show that it once lived on mainland New Zealand and Rhynchocephalia as a whole was once distributed globally. Lizards were originally split into two clades: the Iguania and the Scleroglossa. Snakes and amphisbaenians belong", "id": "10846135" }, { "contents": "Trilobite\n\n\nthe Permian about 252 million years ago. The trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for over 300 million years. By the time trilobites first appeared in the fossil record, they were already highly diversified and geographically dispersed. Because trilobites had wide diversity and an easily fossilized exoskeleton, they left an extensive fossil record, with some 50,000 known species spanning Paleozoic time. The study of these fossils has facilitated important contributions to biostratigraphy, paleontology, evolutionary biology, and plate tectonics. Trilobites are often", "id": "15860018" }, { "contents": "Haasgat\n\n\nungulate sample and suggested a more recent depositional age of maximally 1.5 – 0.5 million years ago. The recent analysis by of all the \"ex-situ\" fauna from the cave suggests an age later than the first occurrence of \"Equus\" in Africa at ~2.3 Ma and an age prior to ~1.8 Ma also undertook a palaeomagnetic analysis of the cave deposits, indicating that the main \"in-situ\" fossil beds were older than the end of the Olduvai SubChron at 1.95 Ma and younger than the Gauss-Matuyama Boundary at", "id": "5518091" }, { "contents": "Haringtonhippus\n\n\nHaringtonhippus is an extinct genus of stilt-legged horse from the Pleistocene of North America first described in 2017. The genus is monospecific, consisting of the species H. francisci, initially described in 1915 by Oliver Perry Hay as \"Equus francisci\". Prior to its formal description, it was sometimes referred to as the New World stilt-legged horse. \"Haringtonhippus\" fossils have only been discovered in North America. Specimens have been found from northern Texas to southern South Dakota and in Alberta, Canada, at sites such as", "id": "7137684" }, { "contents": "Yunnan horse\n\n\nThe Yunnan horse (Equus yunnanensis) was an extinct horse that once roamed in Pleistocene East Asia very likely as a grazer on open tracts of grassland. It was a small horse comparable in size to the modern Przewalski's horse. It was first described by Edwin H. Colbert from dental fossils collected by Walter W. Granger in the Ma Kai Valley in northern Yunnan ten miles south of the town of Ma kai in Guangnan County as part of the program of the Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History in the winter", "id": "9233312" }, { "contents": "North American river otter\n\n\nthe US Midwest; however, fossils of the modern river otter did not appear in North America until about 1.9 Mya. The earliest known fossil of \"Lontra canadensis\", found in the US Midwest, is from the Irvingtonian stage (1,800,000 to 300,000 years ago). The oldest fossil record of an Old World river otter comes from the late Pliocene epoch (3.6 to 1.8 Mya). The New World river otters originated from the Old World river otters after a migration across the Bering Land Bridge, which existed off and", "id": "13280071" }, { "contents": "Multiregional origin of modern humans\n\n\nthe 10 features in combination appear regularly on fossils outside China. He did though note that three combined: a non-depressed nasal root, non-projecting perpendicularly oriented nasal bones and facial flatness are unique to the Chinese region in the fossil record and may be evidence for limited regional continuity. However, according to Chris Stringer, Habgood's study suffered from not including enough fossil samples from North Africa, many of which exhibit the small combination he considered to be region-specific to China. Facial flatness as a morphological clade", "id": "17466417" }, { "contents": "Skink\n\n\ngreen blood because of a buildup of the waste product biliverdin. The word \"skink\" originated around 1580-90. The word \"skink\" comes from classical Greek \"skinkos\" and the Latin \"scincus\" a name that referred to various specific lizards of the region. Skink-like lizards first appear in the fossil record about 140 million years ago, during the early Cretaceous, mostly jawbones that appear very skink-like. Definitively skink fossils appear later, during the Miocene period. Skink genera known from fossils include", "id": "15928671" }, { "contents": "Taurotragus\n\n\nterminal tuft of hair as in kudu. Female elands can also act as surrogates for bongos. The bovid ancestors of the eland evolved approximately 20 million years ago in Africa; fossils are found throughout Africa and France but the best record appears in sub-Saharan Africa. The first members of the tribe Tragelaphini appear 6 million years in the past during the late Miocene. An extinct ancestor of the common eland (\"Taurotragus arkelli\") appears in the Pleistocene in northern Tanzania and the first \"T. oryx\" fossil appears in", "id": "8577139" }, { "contents": "Chengjiangocaris\n\n\nbillion years ago when most major animal groups first appear in the fossil record. \"C. kunmingensis\" belongs to a group of animals called fuxianhuiids, and was an early ancestor of modern arthropods, which include insects, spiders and crustaceans. \"This is a unique glimpse into what the ancestral nervous system looked like,\" said study co-author Javier Ortega-Hernández. \"It’s the most complete example of a central nervous system from the Cambrian period.\" Starting about 2010, researchers have identified partially-fossilized nervous", "id": "3601947" }, { "contents": "Geology of South Wales\n\n\nSouth Wales is an area with many features of outstanding interest to geologists, who have for long used the area for University field trips. This varied and accessible region has provided a written record of geological interest that dates to the 12th century, when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport. Some of the first published representations of fossils were of fossil plants from coal measures near Neath (Gibson late 17th century). The British geologists Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison did fundamentally important work in South Wales on Old Red Sandstone and the", "id": "13948773" }, { "contents": "Geology of Wales\n\n\nrecord of geological interest going back to the 12th century when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport. George Owen in 1603 correctly identified the stratigraphic relationship between the Carboniferous Limestone and the Coal Measures. Some of the first published representations of fossils were those of fossil plants taken from coal measures near Neath (Gibson late 17th century). In the mid-19th century, two prominent geologists, Roderick Murchison and Adam Sedgwick used their studies of the geology of Wales to establish certain principles of stratigraphy and palaeontology. They did fundamental work on the", "id": "16727821" }, { "contents": "Strepsirrhini\n\n\nthey emerged are uncertain. Although the fossil record demonstrating their initial radiation across the Northern Hemisphere is very detailed, the fossil record from the tropics (where primates most likely first developed) is very sparse, particularly around the time that primates and other major clades of eutherian mammals first appeared. Lacking detailed tropical fossils, geneticists and primatologists have used genetic analyses to determine the relatedness between primate lineages and the amount of time since they diverged. Using this molecular clock, divergence dates for the major primate lineages have suggested that primates evolved", "id": "10690266" }, { "contents": "Transitional fossil\n\n\nseed. Not every transitional form appears in the fossil record, because the fossil record is not complete. Organisms are only rarely preserved as fossils in the best of circumstances, and only a fraction of such fossils have been discovered. Paleontologist Donald Prothero noted that this is illustrated by the fact that the number of species known through the fossil record was less than 5% of the number of known living species, suggesting that the number of species known through fossils must be far less than 1% of all the species that have", "id": "18194597" }, { "contents": "Vauxhall Equus\n\n\nThe Vauxhall Equus was a two-door concept car first presented by Vauxhall in 1978. The name \"Equus\" is Latin for \"Horse\". It was the last concept car from Vauxhall until 2003. The Equus was based on a Panther Lima chassis, which itself was based on Vauxhall Magnum mechanicals. Panther built the prototype. The Equus was styled by a small team led by Wayne Cherry along with his chief designer John Taylor. Work started in October 1977 and the car was unveiled at the Birmingham NEC Motor Show", "id": "9238632" }, { "contents": "Altiplano Cundiboyacense\n\n\nTequendama dated at 10,920 ± 260 years BP. In the earliest ages of human population prehistoric animals as the \"Cuvieronius\", \"Haplomastodon\" and \"Equus amerhippus\" were living on the Altiplano. Later dated excavations have revealed a transition from a hunter-gatherer society living in rock shelters to open area settlements with Checua and Aguazuque as examples. Various burial sites at Checua have been dated between 8200 and 7800 years BP. During the earliest phases, the first humans lived together with Pleistocene now extinct mastodons, as the fossil", "id": "17826763" }, { "contents": "List of mammals of South America\n\n\nof genus \"Equus\" as well as tapirs. Equids died out in both North and South America around the time of the first arrival of humans, while tapirs died out in most of North America but survived in Central and South America. South America also once had a great diversity of ungulates of native origin, but these dwindled after the interchange with North America, and disappeared entirely following the arrival of humans. Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulates and litopterns has indicated that these orders comprise", "id": "18762238" }, { "contents": "Crustacean\n\n\nCambrian, namely the Branchiopoda, Maxillopoda (including barnacles and tongue worms) and Malacostraca; there is some debate as to whether or not Cambrian animals assigned to Ostracoda are truly ostracods, which would otherwise start in the Ordovician. The only classes to appear later are the Cephalocarida, which have no fossil record, and the Remipedia, which were first described from the fossil \"Tesnusocaris goldichi\", but do not appear until the Carboniferous. Most of the early crustaceans are rare, but fossil crustaceans become abundant from the Carboniferous period", "id": "17264602" }, { "contents": "Bryozoa\n\n\nof organisms, living members of the phylum Bryozoa are divided into: Fossils of about 15,000 bryozoan species have been found. Bryozoans are among the three dominant groups of Paleozoic fossils. The oldest species with a mineralized skeleton occurs in the Lower Ordovician. It is likely that the first bryozoans appeared much earlier and were entirely soft-bodied, and the Ordovician fossils record the appearance of mineralized skeletons in this phylum. By the Arenigian stage of the Early Ordovician period, about , all the modern orders of stenolaemates were present, and", "id": "3074775" }, { "contents": "Introduction to evolution\n\n\nthe fossil record supports the concept of mass extinctions. As a result, the general idea of catastrophism has re-emerged as a valid hypothesis for at least some of the rapid changes in life forms that appear in the fossil records. A very large number of fossils have now been discovered and identified. These fossils serve as a chronological record of evolution. The fossil record provides examples of transitional species that demonstrate ancestral links between past and present life forms. One such transitional fossil is \"Archaeopteryx\", an ancient organism that", "id": "18540970" }, { "contents": "Yankalilla, South Australia\n\n\nnatural vegetation is dominated by Eucalypts and other southern natives, although grasses and weeds have taken their toll on many species. Most of the region lies on sedimentary rock, with sandstone, mudstone and limestone deposited on an ancient sea floor between 1000 million and 600 million years ago during the Proterozoic. The youngest rocks in the region are in deposits laid down during the Cambrian period (600 to 500 million years ago) when fossils first appeared in the record. Fossils in the Normanville Group of rocks, which outcrop on the coast", "id": "8095368" }, { "contents": "Salmonidae\n\n\nsalmonid, representing an important stage in salmonid evolution. A gap appears in the salmonine fossil record after \"E. driftwoodensis\" until about seven million years ago (mya), in the late Miocene, when trout-like fossils appear in Idaho, in the Clarkia Lake beds. Several of these species appear to be \"Oncorhynchus\"—the current genus for Pacific salmon and some trout. The presence of these species so far inland established that \"Oncorhynchus\" was not only present in the Pacific drainages before the beginning of the Pliocene (~5–6", "id": "4346429" }, { "contents": "Saadanius\n\n\n\"Saadanius\" is a significant discovery, because it is a stem catarrhine, it could not be used to date the divergence of the crown group. The presence of stem taxa in the fossil record does not indicate that crown groups have evolved, and stem taxa may survive for millions of years after the crown taxa appear. For this reason, the fossil record can only suggest a hard minimum boundary for divergence dates, which corresponds to the first appearance of a crown taxon. Furthermore, Pozzi \"et al.\" pointed", "id": "2954985" }, { "contents": "Equus (genus)\n\n\nof the oldest species is \"Equus simplicidens\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-like head shape. The oldest material to date was found in Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"E. livenzovensis\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate that the most recent common ancestor of all modern equines (members of the genus \"Equus\") lived ~5.6 (3.9-7.8) Mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-", "id": "2036313" }, { "contents": "Equus conversidens\n\n\n-sized, and added additional records of the species from Texas (including a skeleton from Slaton), Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas and Florida, synonymizing \"Equus francisci\", \"Equus tau\", \"E. littoralis\", \"E. achates\", and \"E. barcenaei\" with \"E. conversidens\". However, Winans (1985) and MacFadden (1992) challenged the validity of \"E. conversidens\" due to its minimal diagnostic value, and treated \"E. francisci\" as valid. Subsequent study", "id": "8278466" }, { "contents": "Megazostrodon\n\n\nMegazostrodon is an extinct Mammaliaform that is widely accepted as being one of the first mammals and which appeared in the fossil record approximately 200 million years ago. It did have some non-mammalian characteristics: the first two vertebrae (atlas and axis) were still unfused as in cynodonts, and it only had three sacral vertebrae instead of the usual mammalian five. An interclavicle is also present, another primitive trait still visible in monotremes. However, these were deemed sufficiently minor to warrant the analysis that this animal probably represents the final", "id": "20591892" }, { "contents": "Fern\n\n\nfronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter itself comprising ferns other than those denominated true ferns, including horsetails or scouring rushes, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns first appear in the fossil record about 360 million years ago in the late Devonian period, but many of the current families and species did not appear until roughly 145 million years ago", "id": "18280003" }, { "contents": "Marcellus Formation\n\n\ngray silty shale with dark gray shaly limestone concretions, appears above the Stony Hollow and Union Springs, in a layer up to thick. There are relatively sparse inclusions of fossilized marine fauna found in the Marcellus, but these fossils are still important to paleontology. For example, the Marcellus contains the oldest known diverse collection of thin-shelled mollusks still having well preserved shell microstructure. It is also where goniatites, an extinct shelled swimmer similar to a squid, make their first appearance in the fossil record. Life on land also", "id": "16901315" }, { "contents": "Flowering plant\n\n\nthem in a case, the seed. The first seed bearing plants, like the ginkgo, and conifers (such as pines and firs), did not produce flowers. The pollen grains (male gametophytes) of \"Ginkgo\" and cycads produce a pair of flagellated, mobile sperm cells that \"swim\" down the developing pollen tube to the female and her eggs. The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that Charles Darwin called it an \"", "id": "19258284" }, { "contents": "Ghost-faced bat\n\n\nNicaragua, Costa Rica, or Panama. Records of these bats then resume along the Caribbean coast of South America in countries such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago. There are also records of them along the Pacific coasts in Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. The earliest record of these bats is from the late Pleistocene era, when the bats appeared to have had a much broader geographical spread than they do today, with fossils found as far north as Florida. Fossils have also been found in many of", "id": "11899092" }, { "contents": "Transitional fossil\n\n\ndivergence. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that transitional fossils are direct ancestors of more recent groups, though they are frequently used as models for such ancestors. In 1859, when Charles Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\" was first published, the fossil record was poorly known. Darwin described the perceived lack of transitional fossils as, \"... the most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory,\" but explained it by relating it to the extreme imperfection of the geological record. He noted", "id": "18194573" }, { "contents": "Fossil Creek\n\n\nhave lived in the area, also used by 19th-century cattlemen and shepherds. Fossil Creek first appeared on maps in Arizona in the 1860s, when Arizona Territory's first governor, John Noble Goodwin, passed through the region. Members of the Goodwin group noted \"petrifactions\", travertine-encased rocks and twigs that looked like fossils, hence the name \"Fossil Creek\". Few streams in Arizona have a flow as large and steady as Fossil Creek's. Although remote, the stream was seen in the early 20th", "id": "988407" } ]

[ { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nPercy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (also known as Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief) is a 2010 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus. The film is the first installment in the \"Percy Jackson\" film series and is based on the 2005 novel \"The Lightning Thief\", the first novel in the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series by Rick Riordan. It stars Logan Lerman as Percy Jackson alongside an ensemble cast that includes Brandon T. Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, Jake Abel, Rosario Dawson,", "id": "1477582" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\n, and colored by Orpheus Collar, and was published on February 21, 2017. \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\" (also known as \"Percy Jackson & The Lightning Thief\") is a 2010 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus. The film is loosely based on \"The Lightning Thief\", the first novel in the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series by Rick Riordan. It stars Logan Lerman as Percy Jackson alongside an ensemble cast that includes Brandon T. Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, Jake", "id": "17037149" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters\n\n\nPercy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (also known as Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Sea of Monsters) is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Thor Freudenthal. It is the second installment in the \"Percy Jackson\" film series and is loosely based on the 2006 novel \"The Sea of Monsters\" by Rick Riordan. It is a sequel to the 2010 film \"\". The film continues the adventures of Percy Jackson (Logan Lerman) and his friends, as they search for the Golden Fleece at the", "id": "17603539" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson (film series)\n\n\nPercy Jackson & the Olympians (also known as Percy Jackson) is a feature film series based on the novel series of the same name by the author Rick Riordan. The series is distributed by 20th Century Fox, produced by 1492 Pictures and currently consists of two installments. The first film, \"\" (2010), was directed by Chris Columbus, and was released on February 12, 2010. The second installment, \"\", was originally intended to be released in March 2013 but was instead pushed back to August", "id": "19782437" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nexplanations of why he chose these certain locations. However, studies show that overall, readers appreciated the mundane language, witty tone and aesthetic plot of the novels, as well as how it introduced Greek mythology to them. These films have been made from the books: Chris Columbus directed and produced \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\" for 20th Century Fox through 1492 Pictures. The film was released in 2010 in the United States, Canada and in the United Kingdom on February 12 and in Australia on February", "id": "1169262" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nin the series. It was released on May 6, 2008. \"The Last Olympian\", the fifth and final book in the Percy Jackson series, was released on May 5, 2009. Percy Jackson learns that Kronos' forces are preparing to attack Olympus. Poseidon, Percy's father, decides that it is time for Percy to now fulfill the Great Prophecy. Seeking a way to defeat Kronos, Nico di Angelo tells Percy his plan, though Percy doesn't like it, Percy bathes in the River Styx,", "id": "1169247" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\ncrossover books with the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series. The main protagonist Magnus Chase, son of the Vanir god of fertility Frey, narrates the novel in first person. He is a cousin of Annabeth Chase, a main character of the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" and \"The Heroes of Olympus\" series, who links the two series together. The series consists of a trilogy of books, \"The Sword of Summer\" (2015), \"The Hammer of Thor\" (2016),", "id": "1169270" }, { "contents": "The Demigod Files\n\n\nThe Demigod Files is a collection of stories by Rick Riordan published on February 10, 2009. It is a companion book to series \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\". It contains three short stories, titled \"Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot\", \"Percy Jackson and the Bronze Dragon\", and \"Percy Jackson and the Sword of Hades\", as well as a preview of \"The Last Olympian\". It is set between the fourth and fifth novels, \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" and \"", "id": "18434781" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n, is the first companion book to the series. It was released February 10, 2009, featuring three short stories, interviews with the campers, puzzles and pictures. It is set between \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" and \"The Last Olympian\". The book received mixed reviews, with some reviewers criticizing the lack of substantial material and others commenting on the writing of the short stories. The stories are Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot, Percy Jackson and the Bronze Dragon, The Camper Interviews, and Percy Jackson", "id": "1169251" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\n's book series for 369 weeks. \"The Lightning Thief\" is the first book in the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" series. It features Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, and Grover Underwood during their travels to the Underworld to try to recover Zeus' stolen master bolt. It was released on July 1, 2005. \"The Sea of Monsters\" is the second book in the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" series. In this book, Percy, Annabeth, and Tyson, Percy's cyclops brother,", "id": "17037125" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nand others that precede the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" series and a first-person narrative from Percy's viewpoint. Set a month after the events of \"The Last Olympian\" and before he goes missing in \"The Lost Hero\", Percy and Annabeth retrieve Hermes' stolen staff. One of the stories is written by Riordan's son, Haley, and revolves around one of the demigods who fought for Kronos during the Second Titan War and survived the battle in Manhattan. As a part of the spin-", "id": "1169256" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nmillion worldwide. The film was released on June 29, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray. A video game based on the film developed by Activision was released for Nintendo DS on February 11, 2010. A sequel, \"\", was released on August 7, 2013. At the top of the Empire State Building, Zeus meets Poseidon, accusing Poseidon's demigod son, Percy Jackson, of stealing Zeus’ master lightning bolt. Poseidon reminds him that Percy is unaware of his true identity, but Zeus declares that", "id": "1477584" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\ncreatures in a contemporary setting.\" The second film in the series, \"Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters\", was released on August 7, 2013. Filming began in April 2012. Chris Columbus stated that there will not be a third movie any time soon because \"\" wasn't the greatest success according to \"Rotten Tomatoes\" and \"Metacritic\". Logan Lerman later clarified saying the films could still continue, depending on what Fox has planned. To accompany the film, a video game had also been produced", "id": "1169264" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson (film series)\n\n\nmonsters, or the Bermuda triangle, which is the only thing that will save the camp from the forces of darkness. In December 2017, The Walt Disney Company agreed to a 52.4-billion-dollar deal to acquire 21st Century Fox, including the film rights for \"Percy Jackson & The Olympians\"; it's unknown if Disney (the owners of Disney Hyperion) will continue the series or reboot it. In June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired feature film rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was", "id": "19782439" }, { "contents": "Rick Riordan\n\n\nRichard Russell Riordan Jr. (; born June 5, 1964) is an American author. He is known for writing the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series, about a twelve-year-old Percy Jackson who discovers he is a son of Greek God Poseidon. His books have been translated into 42 languages and sold more than 30 million copies in the US. 20th Century Fox has adapted the first two books of his Percy Jackson series as part of a series of films. His books have spawned related media, such", "id": "799988" }, { "contents": "The Last Olympian\n\n\nThe Last Olympian is a fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology by Rick Riordan, published on May 5, 2009. It is the fifth and final novel of the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series and serves as the direct sequel to \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\". \"The Last Olympian\" revolves around the demigod Percy Jackson as he leads his friends in a last stand to protect Mount Olympus. Upon release, the book received highly positive reviews from various critics. It was also the #1", "id": "1490940" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nChris Columbus's \"Harry Potter\" films, likening it to a \"Harry Potter\" parody book and dubbing it \"Benjamin Sniddlegrass and the Cauldron of Penguins\". This comment later sparked a satirical fan creation with precisely that title, narrated by Stephen Fry. Songs featured in the film that were not included in the soundtrack: A video game based on the film developed by Activision was released for Nintendo DS on February 11, 2010. GameZone's Michael Splechta gave it a 6/10, saying \"Percy Jackson might not make", "id": "1477601" }, { "contents": "The Lost Hero\n\n\nThe Lost Hero is an American fantasy-adventure novel written by Rick Riordan, based on Greek and Roman mythology. It was published on October 12, 2010, and is the first book in \"The Heroes of Olympus\" series, a spin-off of the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series. It is preceded by \"The Last Olympian\" of \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" and followed by \"The Son of Neptune\". The novel has since been translated into many languages and released as a", "id": "19624972" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n. Michael Splechta gave it a 6/10, saying \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" might not make a splash when it comes to movie tie-in games, but fans of turn-based combat might find some redeeming qualities in this otherwise bare-bones game.\" On January 12, 2017, \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" story editor Joe Tracz wrote a new Off Broadway musical adaptation of Percy Jackson tale “The Lightning Thief. This musical is now going on a national tour in 2019. \"The", "id": "1169265" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson's Greek Gods\n\n\nPercy Jackson's Greek Gods is a collection of short stories about Greek mythology as narrated by Percy Jackson. It was written by Rick Riordan and was released on August 19, 2014. It features Percy Jackson giving his own take on the Greek myths in a humorous way. The book is entitled \"Percy Jackson and the Greek Gods\" in the U.K. and much of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is generally published under the Puffin Books imprint of Penguin Group and may be presented as Percy Jackson and the Olympians, volume 6", "id": "13534729" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nPercy Jackson & the Olympians, often shortened to Percy Jackson, is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure novels written by American author Rick Riordan, and the first book series in the Camp Half-Blood Chronicles. Five supplementary books, along with four graphic novels, have also been released. More than 69 million copies of the books have been sold in more than 35 countries. As of October 28, 2011, the series has been on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list for children's book series for 245 weeks", "id": "1169232" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nthe Las Vegas Strip and in front of the Fremont Street Experience. Filming wrapped up on the morning of July 25, 2009, in Mission, British Columbia. Additional exterior scenes were filmed on location in Brooklyn, New York during the first week of August 2009. Digital intermediate work began in San Francisco in November 2009. Christophe Beck composed the score. Columbus has stated that the cast was chosen specifically with sequels in mind. \"I think with Percy Jackson it was a matter of finding the right cast to fit into", "id": "1477595" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n. The first book was adapted into a film titled \"\" in 2010, which was commercially successful, but received mixed reviews (because of the change in the sequence of various scenes and events) from fans around the world. An adaptation of the second book, titled \"\", was released in 2013. Development for both \"The Lightning Thief\" and the \"Percy Jackson\" series commenced when Rick Riordan began making stories for his son Haley Riordan, who had at the time been diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia.", "id": "1169233" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nthese roles, sort of the perfect cast for these roles, because hopefully, God willing, we will go on to do other Percy Jackson films and you want the cast to grow with their characters\". During production, Riordan was disappointed with the changes made to the story and warned the studio that it would likely alienate the readers of the book series that it was depending on to buy tickets. In two emails commenting at length on a draft of the script that he posted to his blog in 2018, he specifically", "id": "1477596" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson\n\n\n, when Percy undertakes a quest to free Annabeth from the Titan Atlas. However, Percy's first move towards a serious relationship does not occur until the final pages of \"The Last Olympian\". Percy's other important romantic relationship occurs in the interim of his first. As the final battle with the Titans approaches after \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\", Percy spends time with his mortal friend Rachel Dare. Their relationship causes conflict between Percy and Annabeth Chase. Towards the end of \"The Last Olympian\" Rachel realizes", "id": "8396540" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson\n\n\nLightning Thief\". Between the time of \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" and \"The Last Olympian\", Sally Jackson marries Paul Blofis, a man she met in a writing seminar. Percy likes and respects his new step-father and eventually reveals to him that he is a demigod. Though understandably shocked, Paul still stays with the Jackson family and accepts Percy's complicated life. In \"The Hidden Oracle\", Percy's mother is seven months pregnant with Paul's child (Percy's half sister).", "id": "8396535" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nIn June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired feature film rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver. Portions of the film were shot at the Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee, that has a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens. The Lotus Casino sequence was filmed at The Westin Bayshore Hotel in Vancouver in June 2009, and additional scenes of Percy, Grover and Annabeth driving to and from the casino were shot on", "id": "1477594" }, { "contents": "Poseidon\n\n\nas both \"mover of the earth and barren sea, god of the deep who is also lord of Helicon and wide Aegae, and specifies his twofold nature as an Olympian: \"a tamer of horses and a saviour of ships.\" Poseidon appears in \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" as the father of Percy Jackson and Tyson the Cyclops. He also appears in the ABC television series \"Once Upon a Time\" as the guest star of the second half of season four played by Ernie Hudson. In this version", "id": "3214429" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\n$88,768,303 with $137,728,906 elsewhere in the world, bringing it to $226,497,209. The film received mixed reviews from critics. It holds a 49% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 142 collected reviews, with an average score of 5.3/10. The site's consensus reads: \"Though it may seem like just another Harry Potter knockoff, Percy Jackson benefits from a strong supporting cast, a speedy plot, and plenty of fun with Greek mythology.\" It also holds a Metacritic score of 47 out", "id": "1477599" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nboth \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" and \"The Heroes of Olympus\". The first installment titled, \"The Hidden Oracle\" (2016), features Apollo and his journey after being cast down from Olympus. The second book titled \"The Dark Prophecy\" was released in May 2017. The third book titled \"The Burning Maze\" was released on May 1, 2018.The 4th book of the series\"The Tyrant's Tomb\" will be released in autumn 2019. The novels are set within the same fictional universe as the", "id": "1169268" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\nPercy Jackson. It was released on August 19, 2014. \"Demigods and Monsters: Your Favorite Authors on Rick Riordan's Percy Jackson and the Olympians Series\" is a collection of essays \"edited by Rick Riordan with Leah Wilson\" and published by Borders Group in 2008; an expanded edition was published by BenBella Books in 2013. The second edition front cover promotes both an \"original introduction by Rick Riordan\" and \"New Essays: Updated through \"The Last Olympian\"\". Leah Wilson is editor-in-", "id": "17037144" }, { "contents": "Rick Riordan\n\n\n\" series as bedtime stories about ancient Greek heroes for his son Haley. Haley had been diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia, inspiring Riordan to make the titular protagonist ADHD and dyslexic. Riordan published the first novel in the series, \"The Lightning Thief\", in 2005. Four sequels followed, with the last, \"The Last Olympian\" in 2009. Prior to \"Percy Jackson\", Riordan had written the \"Tres Navarres\" series, a series of mystery novels for adult readers. His Percy Jackson and the Olympians", "id": "799993" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\ngoat, half-man), and that the Greek gods are accusing Percy of having stolen Zeus' master lightning bolt, the most powerful weapon in the world. To clear his name, save the world from another war between the Olympian gods, and maybe even save his mother, Percy sets out to retrieve the lightning bolt from Hades, who is suspected of being the real thief. Thus, Percy, Grover, and Annabeth Chase, a daughter of Athena, start on a journey to the underworld, facing numerous", "id": "1169238" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nvarious activities. The book tells of Percy Jackson's starting life as a half-blood, a tour of the Underworld by Nico di  Angelo, the story of Sally Jackson's parents, and items used throughout the series. There is also a paperback version. A graphic novel based on \"The Lightning Thief\" was published on October 12, 2010. It follows a shortened version of Percy's adventures in \"The Lightning Thief\" with full-color drawings. A graphic novel based on the second book in the series", "id": "1169253" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\nGrover and Piper find the 3rd Oracle in the burning maze and free it. They stop Caligula’s plan to make himself the sun god with Apollo’s and Helios’s essence. \"The Demigod Files\" is a collection published by Hyperion on February 10, 2009, written entirely by Riordan. It is a companion book to the first series, \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\", and its main contents are four short stories: \"Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot\", \"Percy Jackson and the Bronze Dragon\"", "id": "17037137" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson's Greek Gods\n\n\n. (The Olympians novels are commonly entitled \"Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief\" rather than \"The Lightning Thief\", and so on.) On April 21, 2013, Rick Riordan announced on his Twitter account that he was writing a new book based on the stories of Greek mythology from Percy Jackson's point of view. He later confirmed this in his blog. While on tour for \"The House of Hades\" Rick Riordan also revealed that the book is 450 pages long, with illustrations throughout. It was", "id": "13534730" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\nchief of the Smart Pop series in which both the paperback first edition (2009) and the second edition were issued by BenBella. The essays were written by people likely to be recognized by fans of the series. \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Ultimate Guide\" is a guide to the world of Percy Jackson written by Mary-Jane Knight, who is not credited on the front cover. It features illustrations of characters in the series by Antonio Caparo (as trading cards in pockets) and chapters about Percy Jackson", "id": "17037145" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson\n\n\nPerseus \"Percy\" Jackson is a fictional character, the title character and narrator of Rick Riordan's \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series. He is also one of seven main protagonists of the sequel series \"The Heroes of Olympus\", appearing in every book except \"The Lost Hero,\" and appears in the ongoing \"Trials of Apollo\" series, making him one of the few characters to appear in all three series of the Camp Half-Blood chronicles. He has also been a narrator and protagonist in", "id": "8396525" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\nwas released on May 11, 2007. \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" is the penultimate book in the series. In the book, Percy, Annabeth, Grover, Tyson, Nico di Angelo, and Rachel Elizabeth Dare need to find Daedalus in the Labyrinth so he can help them keep their camp safe against the Titan army. In this book, Percy also meets Calypso. The book was released on May 6, 2008. \"The Last Olympian\" is the final book in the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians", "id": "17037127" }, { "contents": "Camp Half-Blood chronicles\n\n\nblack-and-white drawings by Steve James, and glossy color illustrations of characters by Antonio Caparo. \"Percy Jackson and the Singer of Apollo\" is a short story appearing in the Guys Read anthology \"Other Worlds\". It features Percy Jackson and Grover Underwood in New York City trying to recover the gold Singer of Apollo. The Camp Half-Blood/Kane Chronicles crossovers are a series of short stories that feature two characters each, one from \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" and one from \"The Kane", "id": "17037140" }, { "contents": "List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan\n\n\nThe Lightning Thief. She married him to protect Percy, as his foul mortal odor would hide him from any monsters. Later, she marries Paul Blofis, who she really loves. Percy is the first-person narrator in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series. He appears in The Lightning Thief, The Sea of Monsters, The Titan's Curse, The Battle of the Labyrinth, The Last Olympian, The Son of Neptune, The Mark of Athena, The House of Hades, The Blood of Olympus and The Hidden", "id": "7845090" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson\n\n\nloyal to his friends and family. The goddess Athena describes this as his fatal flaw. Percy's \"powers\", which start small and develop as the books proceed, include controlling water, making hurricanes, breathing underwater, and talking to horse-like animals and fish. He also becomes an accomplished sword-fighter and leader. Throughout \"Percy Jackson & The Olympians\", Percy grows more confident and brave. He serves as the first head counselor of the Poseidon cabin at his demigod summer camp – Camp Half-", "id": "8396530" }, { "contents": "Film adaptation\n\n\n, from an account published shortly after the 1980 \"miracle on ice\"); and \"Pushing Tin\" (1999, from a 1996 \"New York Times\" article by Darcy Frey). \"An Inconvenient Truth\" is Al Gore's film adaptation of his own Keynote multimedia presentation. The 2011 independent comedy film, \"Benjamin Sniddlegrass and the Cauldron of Penguins\" was based on \"Kermode and Mayo's Film Review\" of \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\". Films adapted from songs include", "id": "4545272" }, { "contents": "List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan\n\n\nThis is a list of characters that appear in the \"Camp Half-Blood\" Chronicles (which consists of the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series, \"The Heroes of Olympus\" series, and \"The Trials of Apollo\" series), \"The Kane Chronicles\", and \"Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard\". Percy Jackson is a demigod son of mortal Sally Jackson and immortal Poseidon. Sally married a man named Gabe Ugliano then, whom she killed using Medusa's head at the end of", "id": "7845089" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nwarned the studio that trying to make the story more attractive to a teenage audience by aging the characters and including some profanity in the script might move a significant portion of the books' readers to leave the theater in disgust long before the movie ended. He also felt the introduction of Persephone's pearls as a plot device made no sense, having no basis in mythology and distracting Percy from his goal of recovering the stolen lightning. The film opened on February 12, 2010, in 3,356 theaters; its opening weekend box-", "id": "1477597" }, { "contents": "Greek mythology in popular culture\n\n\nWalter Kerr Theatre in March 2019. In the 19th century, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote children's versions of the Greek myths, which he intended to \"entirely revolutionize the whole system of juvenile literature.\" His work, along with the works of Bulfinch and Kingsley, have been credited with \"recast[ing] Greek mythology into a genteel Victorian subject.\" The Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan stars Percy Jackson the son of Poseidon. Riordan states that he created the character of Percy when trying to tell a story to", "id": "22133663" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nJune 2005, it sold over 1.2 million copies. The book was released in multiple versions, including hardcover, paperback and audio editions. It has been translated into multiple languages and published all over the world. \"The Lightning Thief\" is the first book in the series and was released on July 1, 2005. After a harrowing experience at his school trip, Percy Jackson returns home for the summer vacation, wherein he and his mortal mother Sally Jackson, travel to their cabin in Montauk to take their mind off things", "id": "1169236" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\noffice results totaled $31,236,067 in the U.S., finishing at #3 below \"The Wolfman\", which opened at #2 with $31,479,235 and below \"Valentine's Day\", which opened at #1 with $56,260,707. The film had a strong opening weekend for its genre, posting the highest opening weekend for a fantasy film not from the \"Harry Potter\", \"Chronicles of Narnia\", or \"Lord of the Rings\" series. As of September 14, 2010, it grossed a domestic total of", "id": "1477598" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nensures that she will become immortal, never aging to 16, thus escaping the Great Prophecy and leaving Percy to fulfill it. They return to camp and Percy informs Nico about Bianca's death during the journey. Nico blames Percy for failing to protect her and runs away, only after causing skeletal warriors that invade the camp to fall into the dark void of the Underworld, thus alerting Percy to the fact that Hades is Nico (and Bianca)'s, father. \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" is the fourth installment", "id": "1169246" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\ndays later, Percy learns he is the son of Poseidon, Grover is a Satyr and Percy’s junior protector, and \"Mr. Brunner\" is the Centaur, Chiron. Percy begins training of his demigod powers, which include water manipulation and healing, and meets other demigods, including Annabeth Chase, daughter of Athena; and Camp Leader Luke Castellan, son of Hermes. Percy is visited by an apparition of Hades, who reveals the Minotaur abducted Sally to the Underworld to trade for the lightning bolt. Defying Chiron's orders", "id": "1477587" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nimprisoning her, and gives the bolt to Percy. As they only have three pearls, Grover remains behind as Percy, Annabeth, and Sally teleport to the Empire State Building, the entrance to Mount Olympus. However, before they can enter, they are ambushed by Luke, who reveals that he stole the bolt to demolish Mount Olympus and establish the demigods as new rulers of Western Civilization. After a battle across Manhattan, Percy seemingly kills Luke and returns the lightning bolt to Zeus. Percy and Annabeth are reunited with Grover", "id": "1477592" }, { "contents": "Miramax Books\n\n\nMiramax Books was a publishing company started by Bob and Harvey Weinstein of Miramax Films and was known for the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series. It published the memoirs of many major celebrities, including David Boies, Madeleine Albright, Former Mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani, TV's Tim Russert, and others. Like Miramax Films. In November 1998, the tentatively named Miramax/Talk Media Books, a division of Miramax's Talk Media, was started with the naming of its Jonathan Burnham president and editor-in", "id": "13882020" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nof 100, based on 31 sampled reviews, indicating \"mixed to average reviews.\" Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described the film as \"standard Hollywood product... unadventurous and uninteresting\". The reviewer for \"The Washington Post\" thought \"the movie suffers by taking itself a little too seriously. It's not just that it's a lot less funny than the book. It's also a lot less fun\". On BBC Radio 5, Mark Kermode criticized the similarity of the film to director", "id": "1477600" }, { "contents": "Valentine's Day (2010 film)\n\n\nhighest opening weekend in February, and the second highest-grossing President's Day weekend film. On Monday, February 15, 2010, \"Valentine's Day\" went down to #2 behind \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\", but then went back up #1 on Tuesday. On Friday, February 19, it went down to #2 behind \"Shutter Island\" then to #3 the next day. By Friday, February 26, it went down to #5 behind \"Shutter Island", "id": "21936012" }, { "contents": "The Lightning Thief\n\n\nmagazine also included the novel within its 100 \"Greatest Books for Kids.\" When asked about the various awards, Rick Riordan said: \"The ultimate compliment for a children's writer is when the kids like it.\" In June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired the feature film rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. The film, titled \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\", was released in the United States on February 12, 2010", "id": "22014552" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\non February 11, 2009. With an introduction by Riordan, it features essays written by various young adult authors that explore, discuss and provide further insight into the Percy Jackson series. At 196 pages, it also contains information on the places and characters of the series, as well as a glossary of Greek myths. \"The Demigod Diaries\" contains four new stories with character interviews, illustrations of characters and more, puzzles, and a quiz. The four stories include the adventures of Thalia, Luke, and Annabeth,", "id": "1169255" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nRick Riordan said of the various awards: \"The ultimate compliment for a children's writer is when the kids like it.\" Like its predecessor, \"The Sea of Monsters\" won several prizes and received generally positive reviews as well. It sold over 100,000 copies in hardcover by the time it was released in paperback and reviewers have praised the storyline, themes and the author's style of writing. Matt Berman, of Common Sense Media, praised the book, saying “The Percy Jackson series continues to be pure fun", "id": "1169258" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n, with the author doing nearly everything right to produce a book that few kids will be able to resist.” Kirkus reviewed \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" as, “This volume can stand alone, but no one will be able to read just one […] look no further for the next Harry Potter, meet Percy Jackson as legions of fans already have.” As of February 13, 2016, it has been on the New York Times Children's Series Best Seller List for 379 weeks. Some critics", "id": "1169259" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n11. Columbus has stated that he was drawn to directing the Percy Jackson movie because it gave him the \"opportunity to do a movie that we haven't really seen before for this generation. When I was a kid, there were movies that dealt with Greek mythology, which in terms of visual effects was really primitive. So I thought this was an opportunity to deal with Greek mythology which children and adults all over the world are fascinated by and it was not a new genre but a new avenue, dealing with mythological", "id": "1169263" }, { "contents": "The Sea of Monsters\n\n\nThe Sea of Monsters is an American fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology written by Rick Riordan and published in 2006. It is the second novel in the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series and the sequel to \"The Lightning Thief\". This book chronicles the adventures of thirteen-year-old demigod, Percy Jackson as he and his friends rescue his satyr friend Grover from the Cyclops Polyphemus and save the camp from a Titan's attack by bringing the Golden Fleece to cure Thalia's poisoned pine tree.", "id": "16785029" }, { "contents": "The Lightning Thief\n\n\nThe Lightning Thief is an American fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology, the first young adult novel written by Rick Riordan in the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series. The manuscript was sold in an auction to Miramax Books, an imprint of Hyperion Books for Children and thus Disney Publishing (succeeded by the Disney Hyperion imprint). The novel charts the adventures of modern-day twelve-year-old Percy Jackson as he discovers he is a demigod, the son of a mortal woman and the Greek god", "id": "22014532" }, { "contents": "The Titan's Curse\n\n\nThe Titan's Curse is an American fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was released on May 1, 2007, and is the third novel in the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series and the sequel to \"The Sea of Monsters\". It is about the adventures of the 14-year-old demigod Percy Jackson as he and his friends go on a dangerous quest to rescue his 14-year-old demigod friend Annabeth Chase and the Greek goddess Artemis, who have both been kidnapped.", "id": "4112639" }, { "contents": "Empusa\n\n\nin the novel \"Grecian Rune\" by James Matthew Byers. They may look like humans at first. In the \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" series, the Empousai first appear in \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" as servants of Hecate who had, by that time, joined the Titan Army. Empusa (along with Lamia and Mormo) is one of the three witches in the film \"Stardust\" (dir. Matthew Vaughn). She is played by Sarah Alexander. In Neil Gaiman's novel \"Stardust", "id": "3149466" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nunless his master bolt is returned to Mount Olympus in two weeks' time, war will be waged between all the gods. 16-year-old Percy struggles with dyslexia, but has a unique ability to stay underwater. On a school trip to a museum, Percy is attacked by Alecto, a Fury masquerading as his substitute English teacher, Miss Dodds, who demands the lightning bolt. Percy's best friend Grover Underwood and his Latin teacher Mr. Brunner help scare off Alecto. Mr. Brunner gives Percy a pen which he claims is", "id": "1477585" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\na powerful weapon, and instructs Grover to take Percy and his mother Sally to Camp Half-Blood—a hidden summer camp for demigod children. There, they are attacked by the Minotaur, who seemingly kills Sally when Sally is unable to enter the camp. At Grover's suggestion, Percy uses Mr. Brunner's pen, discovering that is a sword, to fight off the Minotaur. After having no success with the sword, Percy kills the Minotaur with his own horn before fainting out of intense shock. Waking up three", "id": "1477586" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\n, Percy sets out for the Underworld with Grover and Annabeth. Luke gives Percy a map with the location of three green pearls belonging to Hades' wife, Persephone, which will allow them to escape the Underworld. Percy is also given a pair of flying Converse All-Star shoes stolen from Hermes, and Luke's favorite shield. The trio search for the first pearl at the old and abandoned \"Auntie Em's Garden Emporium\" in Leeds Point, which turns out to be the lair of Medusa. She tries to", "id": "1477588" }, { "contents": "Mythopoeia\n\n\nchronicles\", which include three pentological book series, \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\", \"The Heroes of Olympus\" and \"The Trials of Apollo\" series, as well as their film adaptations, exist within a mythopoetic recreation of the ancient Greek and Roman mythologies and chronicles the lives of modern American-born, Graeco-Roman demigods and their interactions with Gods. His other mythopoetic works, \"The Kane Chronicles\" and \"Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard\" are also similar except the fact that they", "id": "17384099" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nSteve Coogan, Uma Thurman, Catherine Keener, Joe Pantoliano, Kevin McKidd, Sean Bean, Dylan Neal and Pierce Brosnan. The movie was released to theaters on February 12, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. The film cost $95 million to make. It received mixed reviews from critics and a largely negative response from fans, with criticism for the unfaithfulness of its source material and its script, but praise for Lerman's performance and the action sequences. Despite the response, the film grossed $226.4", "id": "1477583" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nwho has a new pair of horns, indicating his promotion to Percy's senior protector. Percy and Annabeth nearly kiss, but Annabeth tricks him and they continue to train. In a mid-credits scene, Sally kicks her abusive husband, Gabe Ugliano, out of her apartment. As Gabe walks into the kitchen to grab a beer, he finds the refrigerator locked, with a note from Percy not to open it under any circumstance. Gabe breaks the door open to find Medusa's head, turning him to stone.", "id": "1477593" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nmythological monsters on the way. After confronting an innocent Hades, they learn that their friend Luke Castellan, son of Hermes, is the real thief who stole the bolt to allow Kronos, the defeated king of the Titans from the past, a chance to rise again. The book was adapted into a film by Chris Columbus and 20th Century Fox, under the title \"\", and was released on February 12, 2010. \"The Sea of Monsters\" is the second installment in the series, released on April 1", "id": "1169239" }, { "contents": "Petrifaction in mythology and fiction\n\n\nPetrifaction). Witches in the television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" and its spin-off \"The Originals\" can use magic called desiccation to place vampires in a petrified state. Folkloric uses of petrification were introduced in the first edition of the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" tabletop role-playing game, which inspired later use in many video games such as \"\", \"\", \"\". It is also featured in the novel \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"; the films \"The Snow Queen's Revenge", "id": "17946633" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nand to escape their stepdad. However, the trip is cut short after a series of harrowing incidents, such as being attacked by the Minotaur. Percy finds himself at Camp Half-Blood, a training camp for demigods like him. He discovers that he is a demigod, son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and father of all horses, (which he made from sea foam). Percy also learns that his best friend, Grover Underwood, is actually a satyr (a half-", "id": "1169237" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nArtemis is captured by Luke's army while on the hunt for the Ophiotaurus, a cow-serpent monster that was foretold to bring the downfall of Olympus when its entrails are sacrificed to a fire. Her lieutenant Zoe Nightshade, daughter of Atlas, leads Bianca, Thalia, and Grover on a quest to save her. Percy, who was not invited to join the party, follows them on behalf of Nico Di Angelo, promising that he will do his best to protect his sister, Bianca. The others eventually find Percy", "id": "1169244" }, { "contents": "The Demigod Files\n\n\nin between The Battle of the Labyrinth and The Last Olympian. Percy Jackson and Charles Beckendorf are on the same team for capture the flag. Beckendorf, a son of Hephaestus, has a somewhat awkward conversation about girls, and thinks Percy should ask Annabeth, daughter of Athena, to the Fourth of July fireworks, the biggest dating event of the summer at Camp Half-Blood, that night. Later, when Percy's capture the flag plan is established, he and Beckendorf try to sneak up to the enemies flag.", "id": "18434785" }, { "contents": "Labyrinth\n\n\ngrants those who walk it the power to move between parallel worlds. The avant-garde multi-screen film, \"In the Labyrinth\", presents a search for meaning in a symbolic modern labyrinth. In Rick Riordan's series Percy Jackson & the Olympians, the events of the fourth novel \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\" predominantly take place within the labyrinth of Daedalus, which has followed the heart of the West to settle beneath the United States. Australian author Sara Douglass incorporated some labyrinthine ideas in her series The Troy", "id": "18664986" }, { "contents": "Self-fulfilling prophecy\n\n\nin the \"Star Wars\" films, or Lord Voldemort in the Harry Potter franchise and the Big Three in Percy Jackson & the Olympians - each attempted to take steps to prevent action against them which had been predicted could cause their downfall, but instead \"created\" the conditions leading to it. Another, less well-known, modern example occurred with the character John Mitchell on BBC Three's \"Being Human\". The Disney television series \"That's So Raven\" stars Raven-Symoné as the title character with", "id": "8198303" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nAnnabeth and his half-brother Tyson, a cyclops, Percy sets out to rescue Grover. Meanwhile, Clarisse La Rue, daughter of Ares, is sent on an official quest by Camp Half-Blood to retrieve the Fleece. The trip to the Sea of Monsters is long and hazardous and along the way the heroes encounter several dangers including Scylla and Charybdis, the sorceress Circe, the Sirens and their former friend Luke Castellan. Percy also learns about a prophecy from the Oracle about a child of one of the three most", "id": "1169241" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nkill them, but Percy decapitates her. The trio take her head and a fistful of gold drachmas along with them for later use, along with the pearl, which had been attached to her bracelet. At the Parthenon in Nashville, Percy uses the flying shoes to retrieve the second pearl from the crown of the statue of Athena. They are confronted by the Hydra disguised as a group of janitors, who Grover turns to stone with Medusa's head. The trio arrives at the Lotus Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas to", "id": "1477589" }, { "contents": "The Son of Neptune\n\n\na gold and a silver canine creature, both with red eyes, who was revealed on Rick Riordan's blog to be Reyna, and another girl riding a horse named Hazel Levesque. Along with this, two chapters were released prior to the book's launch: one was put on Riordan's website and another read out by Riordan on Percy's birthday, August 18. Nine months after Percy Jackson's defense of Mount Olympus in \"The Last Olympian\", Percy finds himself alone and on the run from monsters in northern", "id": "2727559" }, { "contents": "List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan\n\n\nand make friends with a few, including Percy, Annabeth, and Silena Beauregard. Clarisse makes frequent appearances throughout the novels. first seen just after Percy arrives at camp. In The Sea of Monsters, Clarisse is given the quest to find the Golden Fleece. She is a main character in the short story \"Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot\" (published in The Demigod Files). In The Last Olympian, Clarisse initially sits out the war for Olympus due to a personal feud. Enraged after the loss of her", "id": "7845120" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nHis son, Haley, had been studying Greek mythology in second grade and requested that his father tell him bedtime stories based on Greek myths. When Rick Riordan ran out of myths, his son suggested that he make up new stories using existing mythological characters and new ones. This led Riordan to create the fictional character of Percy Jackson and create the story of how he travels across the United States to recover Zeus' lightning-bolt. Haley suggested that he should turn that story into a book, and Riordan wrote the book", "id": "1169234" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n, \"The Sea of Monsters\" was released on July 2, 2013. Another graphic novel based on the third book, \"The Titan's Curse\" was released on October 8, 2013.The fourth book in the series, \"The Battle of the Labyrinth\"'s graphic novel was released on October 2, 2018. And the last book of the series, \"The Last Olympian\"'s graphic novel is to be released on August 13, 2019. \"Demigods and Monsters\" is an unofficial companion book and was released", "id": "1169254" }, { "contents": "The Kane Chronicles\n\n\nCrown of Ptolemy\" is the third and last book in the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\" and \"The Kane Chronicles\" crossover series. It was published in the back of the paperback version of \"The House of Hades\" on March 31, 2015, and later as an ebook and audiobook. The ebook edition was released May 12, 2015. It was later republished as part of a collection entitled \"Demigods & Magicians\", released in 2016. The story is told from Percy's point of view.", "id": "11955201" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nreaches New York but is defeated after the arrival of Poseidon's forces, led by Tyson. Annabeth is able to make Luke come back to his senses, and Percy gives him Annabeth's knife. Luke stabs himself in his mortal spot, his armpit (as he also was invulnerable from bathing in the River Styx) to destroy Kronos and save Mount Olympus, dying heroically. The gods reward Percy and his friends and offer him immortality. He rejects the offer but instead requests the gods to claim all their children and to", "id": "1169249" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\nobtain the third and final pearl. After the cocktail waitresses have them sample the casino's signature dish, lotus flowers, they immediately forget their mission, until Poseidon abruptly speaks in Percy's mind, returning him to his senses. Percy frees Grover and Annabeth from the flowers' effects; they locate the final pearl on a roulette wheel and escape by stealing a prize Maserati from the casino lobby. Annabeth realizes the casino is the lair of the Lotus-Eaters (who have been luring people into their trap since ancient times", "id": "1477590" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson\n\n\nof Kronos, nephew to Hades, Zeus, and numerous other Olympians as well as the half-nephew of Chiron. Percy's oldest friend is Grover Underwood, a satyr originally tasked with protecting him and bringing him safely to Camp Half-Blood. His next-oldest friend is Annabeth Chase, whom he meets when she helps nurse him back to health after his first fight with the Minotaur. The two accompany him on his first, and most of his subsequent, quests. Percy is also close to many other characters", "id": "8396537" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nimportant gods (Zeus, Poseidon and Hades) also called \"the Big Three\", playing a vital part in the success or failure of the resurrection of Kronos the Titan-King and saving Olympus. The heroes eventually retrieve the Fleece and restore Thalia's tree but also unknowingly revive Thalia herself, daughter of Zeus, who had been turned into the tree by her father when she sacrificed herself for Annabeth and Luke to get safely to Camp Half-Blood years earlier. The book was adapted into a film by Thor Freudenthal", "id": "1169242" }, { "contents": "Miramax Books\n\n\nbooks, five of which made a national best-seller lists. The unit generated $10 million in revenue in 2001 and was profitable. In 2004, Miramax Books won the auction for Riordan's \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\" manuscript. When the Weinsteins broke from Disney in 2005, five years before Miramax Films went for sale by Disney, the book division was still partly owned by the Weinsteins. So, a joint operation agreement for the company was made ending on September 30, 2007. Weinstein Brothers brought in", "id": "13882022" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\n\n\na splash when it comes to movie tie-in games, but fans of turn-based combat might find some redeeming qualities in this otherwise bare-bones game.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the game has a score of 56 (citing \"mixed or average reviews\") based on 6 reviews. The film was released on June 29, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray. The movie itself charted at the top of the charts (DVD sales", "id": "1477602" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\ncase g). Chiron says he doesn’t want to delve into the issue of God, but he has no qualms about discussing the Olympians because they are a \"much smaller matter.\" Critics such as The Calico Critic have also disagreed with the fusion of Greek mythology and modern American culture. They have stated that it is difficult to believe \"the reality of the tale\", claiming that \"monsters in the St. Louis Arch\" and \"the entrance to Olympus in New York\" were unimaginable, despite Riordan's", "id": "1169261" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nand 20th Century Fox, under the title \"\", and was released on August 7, 2013. \"The Titan's Curse\" is the third installment in the series. It was released on May 11, 2007. On a mission to rescue half-bloods Bianca and Nico di Angelo; Percy, Annabeth, Thalia, and Grover are attacked by a Manticore and rescued by the goddess Artemis and her Hunters. However, Annabeth falls off a cliff while fighting the manticore and is said to be captured. Later,", "id": "1169243" }, { "contents": "The Staff of Serapis\n\n\nThe Staff of Serapis is the sequel to \"The Son of Sobek\" and the second book in the \"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\"/\"The Kane Chronicles\" crossover series. It was released in the back of the paperback version of The Mark of Athena on April 8, 2014 and as a single e-book and single audio book on May 20, 2014. On April 5, 2016, it was released as the second of three short stories in a hardcover novel entitled \"Demigods and Magicians: Percy and Annabeth Meet the", "id": "6317623" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nmaking his body invulnerable except one small chosen part of his body (the small of his back). Kronos leads a siege of New York City and puts its citizens to sleep. Percy leads the campers, Hunters, nature spirits, and centaurs to protect Mount Olympus from Kronos and his forces. While they protect Olympus, the gods hold down the monster Typhon as he makes his way to New York. Kronos, possessing Luke's body, forces his way into Olympus and battles Percy in Olympus' throne room. Typhon", "id": "1169248" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson\n\n\nRiordan's Greco-Roman/Egyptian crossover stories, part of the \"Demigods and Magicians\" collection. The character serves as the narrator in \"Percy Jackson's Greek Gods\" and \"Percy Jackson's Greek Heroes\", also by Rick Riordan. Percy Jackson is played by Logan Lerman in the film adaptations of the novels and by Chris McCarrell in the . Development of the character Percy Jackson began when Rick Riordan started inventing stories for his son Haley Riordan, who was diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia in the spring of 2002", "id": "8396526" }, { "contents": "The Titan's Curse\n\n\n\" awarded it a starred review with, \"This third in the Olympians series makes the Greek myths come alive in a way no dreary classroom unit can ... will have readers wondering how literature can be this fun. This can stand alone, though newcomers to the series will race back to the first two volumes and eagerly await a fourth installment.\" \"School Library Journal\" praised the \"adventurous\" plot as well as the book's appeal: \"Teachers will cheer for Percy Jackson and the Olympians as they inspire students", "id": "4112653" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nand the Sword of Hades. At the end of the book, there are portraits on the characters of the series. \"The Ultimate Guide\" is a companion book, second to the series, released on January 19, 2010. This book has a magnetic cover and holographic character pictures that change into four different characters. Its 156 pages include trading cards, full-color diagrams, and maps. It also includes a dictionary of almost every monster Percy faces in the series, with pictures beside some, as well as", "id": "1169252" }, { "contents": "The Last Olympian\n\n\n\"USA Today\" bestseller, the #1 \"Wall Street Journal\" bestseller, and #1 \"Los Angeles Times\" bestseller. The novel opens with Percy Jackson on a drive with Rachel Dare. He is approached by Charles Beckendorf, and the two head off to attack \"The Princess Andromeda\". Kronos, hosted in the mortal body of Luke, is not caught off guard because of a spy at Camp Half-Blood, and Beckendorf is killed. Percy awakens later in his father's underwater palace, which", "id": "1490941" }, { "contents": "Arthur (TV series)\n\n\n, \"The Happy Hollisters\", and \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\". In July 2014, Chance the Rapper released his interpretation of the theme song of the series called \"Wonderful Everyday: Arthur\" with Wyclef Jean and Jessie Ware. In and leading up to July 2016, \"Arthur\" regained attention from users of Black Twitter, where stills from the series have become explicit and comedic internet memes, often using an image of Arthur's clenched fist from the episode \"Arthur's Big Hit.\" WGBH said", "id": "13626491" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\nover the next year despite being busy at that time. Leaving his manuscript with his agent and editor for review, Rick Jordan presented the book to a group of 6th, 7th, and 8th graders to read and critique. He gained their approval, and with their help, came up with the name of the book and created the way Percy's sword works. In 2004, the book was sold to Miramax Books for enough money for Riordan to quit his job and focus on writing. After it was released on 28", "id": "1169235" }, { "contents": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians\n\n\n, 2006. Camp Half-Blood is under attack when Thalia's tree, which guards the borders of the camp, is poisoned and slowly begins to die. In order to save the tree and the camp, someone must recover the Golden Fleece, which is somewhere in the Sea of Monsters. At the same time, Percy finds out that Grover, who has left on a quest to find the missing god Pan, has been captured by the Cyclops Polyphemus and that the Fleece is on Polyphemus' island. Together with", "id": "1169240" } ]

[ { "contents": "Norwegian Vietnamese\n\n\nhas turned and Vietnam now view the overseas Vietnamese as assets to the country's rapidly growing economy. The Vietnamese are one of the immigrant groups in Norway that most often send money to families in their home country. Over 60% of those who came to the country as adults reported as regularly sending money home to their families. The number regularly sending money to Vietnam among Vietnamese-born in Norway or arrived in the country as children, were over 40%. The Vietnamese coming to Norway as adults send more and more", "id": "17466834" }, { "contents": "Dulce Pinzon\n\n\n2)Name of the daily worker, 3)Name of their home country, 4)What the laborer does for a living, 5) and the amount of money that they send home. One example of these everyday superheroes is Noe Reyes. He sends hundreds of dollars back to Mexico every month. There are many undocumented workers from Puebla that reside in New York who work as dishwashers, deli workers, and cleaning women who are rarely recognized for their everyday acts of sacrifice and heroism. Another example, is the story of Minerva Valencia, she", "id": "9400819" }, { "contents": "Migrant worker\n\n\nis seen as a reliable source of income for the family only through remittances. Young girls and women are singled out in families to be migrant workers because they don't have a viable alternative role to fulfil in the local village. If they go to work in the urban centres as domestic workers they can send home money to help provide for their younger siblings. Many of these women come from developing countries, and are low skilled. Additionally women who are widowed or divorced and have limited economic opportunities in their native country may", "id": "17309422" }, { "contents": "Mixtec transnational migration\n\n\nones back home. These flows of human and financial capital have profound implications for the economies and societies of the sending and the receiving countries.” Mixtec migrants send money back to their country of origin in a variety of ways. Where available, they may use formal channels such as banks and money transfer services. Digital border crossing is often an important dimension of transborder communities, outside of electronic money transfers and the use of ATMs little attention has been paid to how digital communication is entering the lives of transborder migrants in maintaining", "id": "11603886" }, { "contents": "History of Isan\n\n\nit also created a sizable sex industry in the vicinity of the bases. Finally, the US military presence contributed substantial sums of money to the area's economy, with emigrant-spouses who accompanied American servicemen continuing to send substantial sums home. The bases were closed at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. The Thai government promoted development in Isan as one weapon in the fight against Communism. In particular, Field Marshal Sarit Dhanarajata, who took control of the country in 1958, was a native of Isan and promoted", "id": "2444360" }, { "contents": "Indian black money\n\n\norder to evade Indian tax authorities and consequent legal implications. In the Vodafone-Huthchison tax case, a foreign multinational company also evaded tax payments in India by making transactions with shell companies registered in tax haven countries. The unlawfully acquired money kept abroad is routed back to India by the round tripping processes. Round tripping involves getting the money out of one country, sending it to a place like Mauritius and then, dressed up to look like foreign capital, sending it back home to earn tax-favoured profits. Foreign direct", "id": "3393169" }, { "contents": "Sex tourism\n\n\n, prostitution of children is highest in countries where young girls are expected to carry some of the family’s financial burden, such as in Thailand. 80% of prostitutes in Thailand send money home to their families. Sex work yields higher wages than work in the formal sector, and remittances from a relative in the sex industry allows poor families (especially in rural areas) to achieve a much higher quality of life. Sex tourism is also encouraged by cultural attitudes. In Thailand, for example, prostitution is very common,", "id": "20959867" }, { "contents": "Safaricom\n\n\ncost of sending money by other methods; the dominant market position of Safaricom; the regulator's initial decision to allow the scheme to proceed on an experimental basis, without formal approval; a clear and effective marketing campaign (“Send money home”); an efficient system to move cash around behind the scenes; and, the post-election violence in the country in early 2008. During the post-election violence, M-Pesa was used to transfer money to people trapped in Nairobi's slums at the time.", "id": "1838308" }, { "contents": "Al-Barakat\n\n\n\" is an ancient money transfer system, which uses gold, fuel, foodstuffs and electronics as a way of balancing the books between operators (\"hawaladas\") in different nations. Migrant workers can send money home to relatives by depositing money with a local \"hawalada\", who then instructs an agent to hand over the money in the recipient's country of residence. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the effects of anti-terrorist financing measures of the US government and other participating countries were disastrous for Al-", "id": "8942402" }, { "contents": "Ketuanan Melayu\n\n\nn't send their money back to China. They married and spent their money here, and in this way the Government was able to open up the country from jungle to civilization. We've become inseparable from this country. It's ours, our country...\" Malay intellectuals objected to this reasoning, claiming that such reasoning is totally absurd and proposing an analogy with the Chinese as masons and Malaya as a house. A paid mason, they argued, was not entitled to a share in the ownership rights to a home he", "id": "2289659" }, { "contents": "Sanky-panky\n\n\ncontinued when the guest returns home. They then attempt to ask for money to be sent to them primarily by wire transfer, often using elaborate stories of need, involving (for example) sick relatives. A sanky's ultimate goal is to obtain a marriage visa to the tourist's native country, marry the tourist, then abandon her. In Peru they are known as bricheros (which are male and usually target female tourists) and bricheras (who are females instead and target male tourists). They hang out in popular", "id": "5901979" }, { "contents": "Circular migration\n\n\nno room in the economy of the home country to use the skilled labor, then it is better for the workers to migrate and send back remittances. When these remittances are greater than what the migrant would have made in the home country, it is also beneficial. Another example is when the migrants return with new skills, knowledge, and capacities. Lastly, the movement of skilled labor is beneficial for the country of origin when migrants forge strong economic connections between the home and host country. There are also several costs associated", "id": "14794908" }, { "contents": "Illegal immigration to Chile\n\n\nthat the Antofagastan government offers public education to all children, including those who are in the country illegally. However, many illegal immigrants leave their children in the home country. Undocumented immigrants are focused on gaining money to subsist on or to send back home, and education is not a main concern. The former president of Chile, Michelle Bachelet, has supported greater equality for immigrants, noting their economic and cultural contributions to the country. In January 2017, Bachelet proposed legislation to replace the 1975 Immigration Law, which would secure", "id": "2894916" }, { "contents": "Immigration to Singapore\n\n\n33,674 Chinese females. Most of the early Chinese immigrants did not intend to settle permanently to raise their families there; they worked to send money back home, and many would return to China after they had earned enough money. For over a hundred years, the great proportion of the Chinese in Singapore were immigrants – by the late 1890s only around 10% of the Chinese population were native-born in Singapore. Later an increasing number would also choose to settle permanently in Singapore, especially in the 1920s when more chose to", "id": "11532542" }, { "contents": "Informal value transfer system\n\n\nwire transfer in the opposite direction. Another method of balancing the books is to under-invoice goods shipped abroad, so that the receiver can resell the products at a higher market price. IVTS are used by a variety of individuals, businesses, organisations, and even governments to remit funds domestically and abroad. Expatriates and immigrants often use IVTS to send money back to their families and friends in their home countries (for workers who worked abroad) or foreign countries (for merchants who need extra money to start a business)", "id": "6569452" }, { "contents": "Remittance\n\n\nof migrants is both less likely to leave and more likely to stay in the United States for longer periods of time. Overall, this trend has contributed to falling levels of remittances sent to Latin American countries from the United States. Remittances to Africa play an important role in national economies. However, little data exists as many rely on informal channels to send money home. Immigrants from Africa today number approximately 20 to 30 million adults, who send around $40 billion USD annually to their families and local communities back home.", "id": "10703749" }, { "contents": "Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government\n\n\nin India's domestic polity. He also stressed on the need of changing laws in certain countries to allow better information sharing of black money kept abroad as it is also linked to the terror funding. India the world's largest recipient of remittances with $71 billion sent last year, pushed hard for the reduction in the remittance costs of non-residents at the G20 summit, asking it to work on steps to reduce costs in sending money home from abroad which is as high as 10 per cent in some countries. Earlier", "id": "5695408" }, { "contents": "Sam Brown (activist)\n\n\nand Brown were revealed after her resignation. Brown for example announced that the Peace Corps would only work in the poorest countries based on GNP and announced that the Peace Corps would pull out of countries that did not meet its criteria for aid. Peace Corps Director Payton responded that \"Whether or not we could find satisfactory jobs for volunteers was a better criteria than how much money a country has ... It's offensive to me to tell a host country what their needs are.\" According to Payton, Brown wanted to \"send", "id": "7559406" }, { "contents": "American Baptist Home Mission Society\n\n\nassociations, societies, and conventions began planting churches, founding schools, and sending and supporting their own missionaries. It is the ancient biblical model that the one evangelized and discipled becomes the evangelist and disciple-maker so that faith passes from neighbor to neighbor and generation to generation. A good example is the Kiowa Baptists at Saddleback Mountain in Oklahoma, who wanted \"other Indians to hear about the Jesus Road\" and filled red Jesus barrels with money to send a missionary to the Hopi Indians in Arizona and established the Sunlight Mission", "id": "12186538" }, { "contents": "Mother's Happiness\n\n\nthe neighbors, as she says), she treats the entire family with contempt. Another daughter, who is widowed, also lives away from home. Both sons set off for jobs in the city, and the mother is left behind with the second daughter-in-law. The eldest son wants to send money home but is stopped by his stern wife. He gives the money to his brother to send home, but the second son squanders all the money on a lascivious woman. With no income to pay the", "id": "9147183" }, { "contents": "Remittance\n\n\ngot help from different countries, for example, the U.S. government immediately sent $10 million, which helped to more or less recover the economy. Refugees and other displaced populations also often remit to family members left behind in conflict areas. The recent internationally coordinated effort to stifle possible sources of money laundering and/or terrorist financing has increased the cost of sending remittances, directly increasing costs to the companies facilitating the sending, and indirectly increasing the costs to the person remitting. As in some corridors a sizable amount of remittances is sent through", "id": "10703769" }, { "contents": "Sustainable Development Goals\n\n\nthe eradication of extreme poverty, and it is relevant for all countries in the world. Target 10.C is to reduce the transaction costs for migrant remittances to below 3 percent. The target of 3 percent was established as the cost that international migrant workers would pay to send money home (known as remittances). However, post offices and money transfer companies currently charge 6 percent of the amount remitted. Worse, commercial banks charge 11 percent. Prepaid cards and mobile money companies charge 2 to 4 percent, but those services were", "id": "9036868" }, { "contents": "St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (Wilmington, Delaware)\n\n\nproblem of not being able to send their children all the way across town to St. Hedwig's parish school. Faced with the problem of establishing a home and raising their children, they had little money. Most troubling of all, they could not worship in their native tongue. The immigrants requested Monsignor Gulcz to establish a new parish on the East Side of Wilmington where they could worship closer to their homes. On November 8, 1912, Monsignor Gulcz obtained permission from Bishop John James Joseph Monaghan to build a new Polish parish", "id": "8140413" }, { "contents": "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region\n\n\nin the GCC constitutes an important section of the economy in the country of origin, as money is sent home to family members and relatives. India receives approximately half of all remittances from Indian migrants in the GCC countries and further constitutes the country sending most migrants to the region. Several state leaders in the GCC regard remittances as an economical “leakage”, as economic capital is leaving the country. Due to the value of remittances, GCC countries have recently started to discuss remittance taxes as a strategy to counterbalance budget deficits.", "id": "14891673" }, { "contents": "Economy of the Caribbean\n\n\ncome more career opportunities. In the host countries, there is a lot of demand for healthcare workers, which means more job opportunities for the women. Caribbean women also emigrate in such large numbers to developed countries to earn higher pay. Income earned in host countries is usually enough for a female immigrant from the Caribbean to live off of and still send remittances back home. Additionally, the currencies from host countries have more purchasing power than the domestic currency in the Caribbean. Money being sent back to Caribbean countries allows for individuals", "id": "4195002" }, { "contents": "Diplomatic immunity\n\n\nthat country has been essentially limited to informing the diplomat's nation that the diplomat is no longer welcome (\"persona non grata\"). Diplomatic agents are not, however, exempt from the jurisdiction of their home state, and hence prosecution may be undertaken by the sending state; for minor violations of the law, the sending state may impose administrative procedures specific to the foreign service or diplomatic mission. Violation of the law by diplomats has included espionage, smuggling, child custody law violations, money laundering, tax evasion,", "id": "8991898" }, { "contents": "Remittance man\n\n\nA remittance man is a historic term for an emigrant, often from Britain to a colony, supported by regular payments from home, on the expectation that he stay away. Note that in this context, money is being sent in the opposite direction to today's usual usage of the term remittance, which means money that migrants send to their countries of origin. \"Remittance man\" is defined in \"The Canadian Encyclopedia\" as \"a term once widely used, especially in the West before WWI, for an immigrant living", "id": "21297608" }, { "contents": "Xoom Corporation\n\n\n, and more bills in select foreign countries. With the Xoom bank deposit service, consumers can send money directly to bank accounts in various countries, and the company also offers cash pickup services to select foreign countries as well. Some countries also offer home delivery services. Xoom is certified by TRUSTe as a licensee of the TRUSTe® Privacy Seal Program, is an accredited business of the Better Business Bureau, and operates its website using the verified by Verisign seal. On September 28, 2007, Xoom closed a first E-", "id": "1492000" }, { "contents": "Care.com\n\n\nthat offers subscription-based toy packages for families. In January 2018, Care.com purchased Bay Area in-home referral agency, Town + Country Resources. www.tandcr.com Although it is free to make a caregiver account on the site, there are limitations in not having a paid membership. For example, after one sends out an application for a job, one will be prompted, thereafter, to \"triple [one's] chances\" of being hired, by sending the potential employer a personal message. If one does not have", "id": "12601327" }, { "contents": "Niue\n\n\nto New Zealand has shifted most members of nuclear and extended families there, removing the need to send remittances back home. In the late 1990s, PFTAC conducted studies on the balance of payments, which confirmed that Niueans are receiving few remittances but are sending more money overseas. Foreign aid Foreign aid has been Niue's principal source of income. Although most aid comes from New Zealand, this is currently being phased out with reductions of NZ$250,000 each year. The country will need to rely more upon its own economy. The government", "id": "1437934" }, { "contents": "Remittance\n\n\nto $529 billion in 2012. In 2012, migrants from India and China alone sent more than $130 billion to their home countries. In 2004 the G8 met at the Sea Island Summit and decided to take action to lower the costs for migrant workers who send money back to their friends and families in their country of origin. In light of this, various G8 government developmental organizations, such as the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID) and USAID began to look into ways in which the cost of", "id": "10703764" }, { "contents": "Jordanians in the United Arab Emirates\n\n\nskilled training. Most work in white-collar jobs as professors, managers, bankers, doctors, and engineers. The UAE has previously initiated a number of developments and construction projects in Jordan, many of which have been designed to allow Jordanians living in Dubai to invest in their home country. In 2010, Emirates Post collaborated with Jordan Post to activate an efficient money transfer service which would enable people living in the UAE to send money to Jordan in 'less than 24 hours.' The agreement was thought to be beneficial", "id": "11370582" }, { "contents": "Panamanian golden frog\n\n\nSan Diego Zoo started a conservation effort and received their first frogs in 2003. Since then, they have been able to successfully breed 500 individuals in captivity but will not release them into the wild until the fungal disease is less of a threat. The San Diego zoo also sends money to Panama to keep up the conservation effort in the frogs' native country. Populations of amphibians, including the Panamanian golden frog, suffered major declines possibly due to the fungal infection chytridiomycosis. The infection is caused by an invasive fungal pathogen that", "id": "13442320" }, { "contents": "The Road Home (novel)\n\n\nThe Road Home is a 2007 novel by Rose Tremain. The story concerns Lev, a middle-aged immigrant who was recently widowed. He leaves his home, Auror, a village in an unspecified eastern European country, after the sawmill he works at closes down. Soon after, he travels to London to find work so he can make money send to his mother, his 5-year-old daughter, Maya, and his best friend. He finds his first job at a Muslim kebab-shop, before washing dishes at", "id": "6148017" }, { "contents": "Albela (1951 film)\n\n\nAsha, both fall in love with each other, and he starts acting in the theater, and achieves quick success. He starts sending money and gifts home to his parents, and hopes that they will be pleased with his success. Then one day when he feels that he has achieved his success, he returns home - only to find out that the money and gifts he has been sending home are missing; his mom has passed away; his dad and sister are missing, believed to be begging in the streets;", "id": "6094099" }, { "contents": "Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party\n\n\nhe would apply before granting citizenship: The chief test ... is whether the applicant has, so far as can be judged, become an Englishman at heart and has completely identified himself with English interests. I will give you an example. If two brothers came to this country and one of them settles in a district where only aliens live, continues to speak his native language, marries a woman from his own country, sends his child to a school where only foreign children are kept, keeps his account in a foreign bank", "id": "1734099" }, { "contents": "Cost of living in Namibia\n\n\nmethod for cross border remittance by banks. Further, in an effort to curb money laundering and to protect the country’s foreign exchange reserves, exchange control regulation is applied to all outward remittances. An expatriate employee in Namibia is only allowed send a certain percentage of their net earning back to their home country. In terms of Exchange Control Regulations, every person who contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of these Regulations shall be guilty of an offence and liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding Two Hundred and Fifty Thousand", "id": "1659384" }, { "contents": "1888–89 New Zealand Native football team\n\n\nfor their behaviour, but the damage was not repaired. The New Zealanders left England without an official send-off, and travelled to Australia where they toured Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. They then returned to New Zealand, where they displayed a level of combination not seen in their home country before. They went 31 games undefeated before losing their final match, on 24 August 1889, 7–2 to Auckland. The Natives' final record in rugby matches was 78 wins, 6 draws and 23 losses. They introduced", "id": "18850704" }, { "contents": "Arroyo Seco, Querétaro\n\n\ncommunities. It has a traditional economy based on agriculture, livestock and forestry but it is also one of the poorest in Mexico, with high rates of emigration, especially sending migrant workers to the United States. It is estimated that one in four households in the municipality receives money from family members in this country. The municipality is also home to one of five Franciscan mission complexes built under the tenure of Junípero Serra, located in the community of Concá. Arroyo Seco is a small town of about three hundred homes centered on", "id": "5873355" }, { "contents": "Astronaut family\n\n\nabroad and work under contracts or settle down and then send money and earnings back home to support family left in the home land. Hong Kong and Taiwan were the first centered astronaut families. Leading destinations to migrate to include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US. The unique characteristic of astronaut families is the distribution of multiple family members to other countries maintaining the links of all back in their original land. The head of the family (father), usually travels to secure family interests. Women stay in the", "id": "6407250" }, { "contents": "Gifting remittances\n\n\nanalysis of barrels filled with new and recycled gifts sent home, typically to the Caribbean or Asia. While remittances could also be theorized as gifts in the above-mentioned transnational work, the terms gift remitting and remitting the gift make explicit the focus on gifts and the accompanying social ties. Discussion of “gift remittances” goes back at least to Aderanti Adepoju’s work in Nigeria on the socio-economic links between urban migrants and their rural sending communities in which money is remitted alongside gifts not readily available in the home country", "id": "8660506" }, { "contents": "Money order\n\n\nthat the seller accepts. International money orders are thought to be safer than sending currency through the post because there are various forms of identification required to cash an international money order, often including a signature and a form of photo identification. When purchasing an international money order, it is important to ensure that the specific type of money order is acceptable in the destination country. Several countries are very strict that the money order be on pink and yellow paper and bear the words \"international postal money order.\" In particular,", "id": "9075236" }, { "contents": "Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign\n\n\nwould cost too much money to send all 14 million illegal immigrants back to their native countries. He stated that those who commit crimes should be sent back and the rest should be given a pathway to citizenship. His statement: \"Folks, being commander in chief requires you to occasionally be practical.\" drew some laughter from the audience. Later in the debate Biden addressed his opposition to the \"Don't ask, don't tell\" policy of the military and touched on the situation in Darfur. Later in June,", "id": "18990883" }, { "contents": "Latka Gravas\n\n\nmanager, George Shapiro, convinced him that this would rocket him to stardom, where he would make a lot of money which he could then put into his own act, which became \"Andy's Funhouse\". Kaufman agreed to appear as Latka in fourteen episodes per season, approximately half of the entire series. In the show, Latka's home country is never disclosed (only referred to as \"[Latka's] country\" or \"the old country\"), and his native language is essentially gibberish, although", "id": "5944944" }, { "contents": "That's Life (magazine)\n\n\n-life stories, the magazine also includes weekly features such as 'Aren't Men Daft', for which readers send in examples of 'daft' behaviour by their male friends and relatives; lifestyle, health and beauty advice; 'tightwad tips' in which readers are invited to share their ideas for money-saving around the home and many other features relevant to a modern woman's lifestyle. \"Thats Life\" Magazine is cited as one of the magazines targeted by the campaign group \"Curb The Chat Mags\"", "id": "17392443" }, { "contents": "Migrant domestic workers in Lebanon\n\n\nremaining agents hold licenses, they do not focus on the obtaining and placing Migrant Domestic Workers in positions but sell their quotas to active agencies. In order to recruit migrant domestic workers, Lebanese recruitment agencies collaborate with agencies in the migrant sending countries. Migrant domestic workers are required to pay a fee to the local agent in their home country, usually a large sum of money which causes them to incur a large debt. Once the fee transaction is complete the agency arranges the transportation. The employer is obliged to meet the migrant", "id": "13156556" }, { "contents": "Venezuelan refugee crisis\n\n\nand during the presidency of Nicolás Maduro. Over time, emigration increased dramatically during the crisis and began to include lower-income Venezuelans, the people whom Chávez promised to aid and who were experiencing hunger in the country's economic crisis. Venezuelan men initially left their wives, children and elderly relatives behind as they fled the country to find work in order to send money back home. Mothers and children would later leave Venezuela to find their families as they grew exacerbated with the crisis as remittances could not sustain their daily needs.", "id": "1657386" }, { "contents": "Child labour\n\n\nyears and who were beaten if they tried to run away. Malian officials believed that 15,000 children, some as young as 11 years old, were working in the Ivory Coast in 2001. These children were often from poor families or the slums and were sold to work in other countries. Parents were told the children would find work and send money home, but once the children left home, they often worked in conditions resembling slavery. In other cases, children begging for food were lured from bus stations and sold as slaves", "id": "13569451" }, { "contents": "No Country for Old Men (film)\n\n\npursued by two men in a truck and escapes. At home, he sends his wife, Carla Jean, to stay with her mother, then drives to a motel in Del Rio, where he hides the case in his room's air conditioning duct. Chigurh, hired to recover the money, arrives to search Moss's home, where he uses his bolt pistol to blow the lock out of the door. Investigating the break in, Terrell County Sheriff Ed Tom Bell observes the blown-out lock. Following an electronic", "id": "6170734" }, { "contents": "Advance-fee scam\n\n\nof a royal family seeking to transfer large sums of money out of the country—thus, these scams are sometimes called \"Nigerian Prince emails\". The spread of e-mail and email harvesting software significantly lowered the cost of sending scam letters by using the Internet. While Nigeria is most often the nation referred to in these scams, they may originate in other nations as well. For example, in 2006, 61% of Internet criminals were traced to locations in the United States, while 16% were traced to", "id": "2537428" }, { "contents": "The Prophet of Zongo Street\n\n\nstory, \"Live In,\" when Shatu is forced to live and work in America in order to send money home. The job she receives, however, is of a low ranking quality in the eyes of Westerners and puts her at a much lower pay grade than other jobs. This book illustrates the African Diaspora, which refers to the movement of peoples from Africa into the West, throughout various stories in the book. Examples of African diaspora can be found in the story \"Live In\" through Shatu's work", "id": "4054779" }, { "contents": "Hispanic and Latino communities in Metro Atlanta\n\n\nlive and send money home, but not enough to support a typical family of 5. In 2000, a man could earn $1100 per month, or up to $1300 with two jobs, and his living expenses were at least $500. He could live and work in the U.S. and send money home, where his wife and children worked and lived cheaply. In Atlanta, expenses for a family of 5 were at least $1400 per month, more than one man's salary, but within the reach of", "id": "17144227" }, { "contents": "Child labour in cocoa production\n\n\nwork in other countries. Parents were told the children would find work and send money home, but once the children left home, they often worked in conditions resembling slavery. In other cases, children begging for food were lured from bus stations and sold as slaves. In 2002, Côte d'Ivoire had 12,000 children with no relatives nearby, which suggested they were trafficked, likely from neighboring Mali, Burkina Faso and Togo. According to a 2009 snowball sampling study, the majority of those with childhood cocoa labor experience were trafficked (", "id": "14680926" }, { "contents": "Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict\n\n\n, and by maintaining close ties with Afghanistan's Tajik and Hazara populations. Since 1989 Pakistan has been dealing with sectarian conflict. The population is predominantly Sunni and has about 10-15% of Shia adherents. Pakistan is economically dependent on Saudi Arabia and a key strategic ally. The country's economic stability relies heavily on foreign workers who send money home. The largest amount comes from the 1.5 million Pakistanis working in Saudi Arabia who sent home about $5.5 billion USD in remittances in 2017. Saudi Arabia has invested in the", "id": "15038111" }, { "contents": "Kevin Beattie\n\n\nhe played as a striker, but Robson converted him into a defender, usually a centre-half; the player said in later life that the move suited him well, as it meant he could see all the play in front of him. Now earning a wage, Beattie tried to help support his family, sending money home each week. He also stepped in to prevent domestic violence between his parents: \"I became extremely upset when I found out that Dad was spending the money that I had been sending home on", "id": "12290128" }, { "contents": "Bundal Baaz\n\n\nhe will force Malti to marry him. Raja is overwhelmed at their sacrifices. He returns to Bombay to find work so he can send money home, and is befriended by Sulaiman (Johnny Walker), who buys bottles and boxes for recycling, and teaches Raja the trade. Raja begins earning money and sends some home to his village. He also meets Gopal again, but doesn't contact Nisha since he is too poor to court her. When he does run into her, she is going into a New Year's", "id": "21663099" }, { "contents": "Paying Guest\n\n\nhusband Prakash threatens Shanti's father to send him money or else he would come to his house. Ramesh is unable to pay the house rent and Shanti gives him the money her father had given her for monthly expenditure. When Ramesh gives Shanti's father the money that Shanti had given him, he is ready to send it to his son-in-law as money order so as to prevent him from coming to his home. Shanti dissuades him from doing so saying that she will do the needful. However, since", "id": "17966592" }, { "contents": "GuestToGuest\n\n\nGuestToGuest is the largest home exchange network. It has 270,000 residences listed in 187 countries. It is an example of the barter economy; there is generally no money exchanged between the host and the guest. Registration is free. The company earns a commission of 3.5% of any security deposit posted. Members earn points for allowing people to stay at their home. These points can be used to stay at other homes. Exchanges can be reciprocal or non-reciprocal. In 2011, Emmanuel Arnaud and 22 families experienced in home", "id": "12760384" }, { "contents": "Remittance\n\n\nmigrants sending money to their families, misuse of the financial system remains a serious government concern. The extent to which remittances produce benefits for developing countries is argued. World Bank economists contend that remittance receivers' higher propensity to own a bank account means that remittances can promote access to financial services for the sender and recipient, claimed to be an essential aspect of leveraging remittances to promote economic development. For example, in Armenia, which has one of the highest remittance to GDP ratios, studies suggest that those households which receive remittances", "id": "10703772" }, { "contents": "Women migrant workers from developing countries\n\n\n, a wide range of jobs are available. Rural women take up a wide variety of jobs, from domestic and factory work to owning their own businesses to working as hostesses in China's popular karaoke bars. These women usually spend their income on education for themselves or family members, sending any leftover money to the rest of the family that remains in the village. Not all migrant workers come from poorer regions, however. In the Philippines, for example, workers often come from more economically developed regions. Thailand has seen", "id": "397672" }, { "contents": "Funding of student organizations during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests\n\n\ncounterparts also showed support for the Beijing students by organizing large rallies and writing open letters in protest to the actions of the Chinese Communist government. Like in Hong Kong, these countries also contributed large donations of money in support of the protesters. In Taiwan there was support for the protests, with people also donating funds. For example, Chiang Wei-kuo, the General Secretary of Taiwan’s National Security Council, launched a movement “ to send love to Tiananmen” by donating 100,000 New Taiwan dollars (about US$3300)", "id": "9881905" }, { "contents": "William Scott Ament\n\n\nAment, went out into the open country. According to justice and immemorial custom in China, he compelled the village elders, who had connived at, or encouraged the Boxers, to furnish supplies of food. From the confiscated property in Peking, money was obtained to support the native Christians until they could be sent home. This action was misunderstood and maligned at home by a popular author. He \"caught a Tartar\" in attacking Dr. Ament, who showed the true facts. According to a 2009 book by Larry Thompson", "id": "15410556" }, { "contents": "Middlesex (novel)\n\n\nsettlement from the damage caused at the riots allows the Stephanides to purchase a home away from the African Americans. The family participates in the white flight from the city to avoid the racial desegregation in the public schools, sending Cal to a private school. When Lefty and Desdemona are forced to immigrate to the United States, they have different mindsets. Whereas Lefty embraces his new country's customs, Desdemona is adamant that she will follow her old country's ways. For example, she is angered that her \"immigrant hair\"", "id": "18770296" }, { "contents": "2013 Bradford Bulls season\n\n\nKurri Bulldogs. Veteran second-rower Ian Sibbit announces that he will retire from rugby at the end of the season. Second rower Olivier Elima signs a 2 Year Deal with his former club Catalans Dragons as he wishes to live in his home country and send his children to a French school. Fullback Brett Kearney scooped up Player of the Year at the awards evening. However Prop Bryn Hargreaves announced his retirement to take up a degree at university. Australian coach Mick Potter announces that he will return home to his native land after", "id": "21560869" }, { "contents": "The double thank-you of capitalism\n\n\nthe buyer wanted the product more than the money he paid. Coining the \"Double Thank-You\" term, John Stossel described it thus: Stossel explains that this applies to not just local commerce, but even international trade. When a buyer in one country sends money to another country, he receives more than the local value of that money in goods, in return. Otherwise he would not have done it. But the seller, likewise, ended up with more money than the value of the goods he sent,", "id": "12504880" }, { "contents": "Direct marketing\n\n\ntrial CDs, pre-approved credit card applications, and other unsolicited merchandising invitations delivered by mail to homes and businesses. Bulk mailings are a particularly popular method of promotion for businesses operating in the financial services, home computer, and travel and tourism industries. In many developed countries, direct mail represents such a significant amount of the total volume of mail that special rate classes have been established. In the United States and United Kingdom, for example, there are bulk mail rates that enable marketers to send mail at rates that", "id": "8581222" }, { "contents": "Islamic banking and finance\n\n\nthe late 20th century with the economic migration of Muslim workers to wealthier countries in the West and the Gulf and their need to send money home. Dubai has traditionally served as a hub. \"Hawala\" is based on a short term, discountable, negotiable, promissory note (or bill of exchange) called \"Hundi\", transferred from one debtor to another. After the debt is transferred to the second debtor, the first debtor is free from his/her obligation. Recipient of the funds often identify themselves with passwords", "id": "15975087" }, { "contents": "Islamic finance products, services and contracts\n\n\n\" network operates outside of, or parallel to, traditional banking, financial channels, and remittance systems, but predates it by many centuries. In the first half of the 20th century it was gradually replaced by the instruments of the conventional banking system, but became a \"substitute for many banking products\", as Muslim workers began to migrate to wealthier countries to seek employment in the late 20th century, and sought ways to send money to or secure a loan taken out by their family back home. Dubai has traditionally served", "id": "1639141" }, { "contents": "Suicidal Tendencies discography\n\n\nwhich peaked at number 101 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number 59 in the UK. It spawned four singles, including \"Send Me Your Money\", which peaked at number 83 in the UK, leading the album to sell over half a million copies. Their sixth album, \"The Art of Rebellion\", was released in 1992 and peaked at number 52, their highest chart position in their home country to date. It was also the first of five Suicidal Tendencies albums to chart in Germany, as well", "id": "6864492" }, { "contents": "Sending/receiving relationship\n\n\nboard of education. On the receiving district's board of education, the sending representative usually votes \"only\" on issues pertaining to the students received and district-wide issues. This is mainly to save money for the township and citizens who have to pay taxes for the school. Demographic changes in either of the districts may cause the sending district to seek to end the relationship. Some districts have sought to gain local control of education methods and facilities by pulling out of existing sending relationships. For example, the wealthy Englewood", "id": "19643238" }, { "contents": "Arnold Mononutu\n\n\nsend money to Mononutu. When his father stopped sending money to Mononutu, he became dependent on his Indonesian friends. He returned to the Netherlands from France and was allowed to stay with Ali Sastroamidjojo and his family. Upon secretly receiving money from his father through his uncle who was travelling to the Netherlands, Mononutu was able to pay all his debts and return home to Indonesia in September 1927. Upon returning to Indonesia, Mononutu was immediately involved in the local nationalistic efforts. He became a member of the newly formed Indonesian National", "id": "18106815" }, { "contents": "Double (association football)\n\n\nalso exist. This gives lower ranked clubs a chance to win a double. Examples include: A very rare event. A Trans-State double occurs when a club wins a league and a cup which technically belong to two different countries and different associations. This usually happens as a result of a change in the political situation in the club's home country, or if the club has expatriated and is eligible to participate in the competitions of its native country and its adopted one. In the same spirit as the European Treble", "id": "6103632" }, { "contents": "Remittance\n\n\nremitting money could be lowered. In September 2008, the World Bank established the first international database of remittance prices. The Remittance Prices Worldwide Database provides data on sending and receiving remittances for over 200 \"country corridors\" worldwide. The \"corridors\" examined include remittance flows from 32 major sending countries to 89 receiving countries, which account for more than 60% of total remittances to developing countries. The resulting publication of the Remittance Prices Worldwide Database serves four major purposes: benchmarking improvements, allowing comparisons across countries, supporting consumers’", "id": "10703765" }, { "contents": "Rotary dial\n\n\na North American phone, electrical contacts wired through the cam mechanism inside the phone will open and close six times as the dial returns to home position, thus sending six pulses to the central office. Different pulse systems are used, varying from country to country. For example, Sweden uses one pulse to signal the number zero, and 10 pulses to signal the number nine. New Zealand uses ten pulses minus the number desired; so dialing 7 produces three pulses. In Norway, the North American system with the number '", "id": "6391533" }, { "contents": "Irish College in Paris\n\n\nsuccessor, Thomas Messingham, that the Irish college was recognised as a seminary by the University of Paris in 1624. Messingham organized the course of studies with a view of sending forth capable missionaries to work in their native country. The college founded by Father Lee was not spacious enough to receive the numerous Irish students who came to Paris. Some of them continued to find a home in the Collège Montaigu, others in the Collège de Boncourt, while some, who were in affluent circumstances, resided in the Collège de Navarre.", "id": "20625600" }, { "contents": "E-gold\n\n\ngold had been launched, made it a federal crime to operate a money transmitter business without a state money transmitter license in any state that required such a license. At the time a money transmitter was in most states defined as a business that cashed checks or accepted cash remittances to send from one person to another person across international borders, such as Western Union or MoneyGram. For example, prior to 2010, California regulated money transmitters under the \"Transmission of Money Abroad Law\". One of e-gold's competitors,", "id": "15323271" }, { "contents": "Economic results of migration\n\n\nare positive for the native population. A 2015 study shows that \"increasing deportation rates and tightening border control weakens low-skilled labor markets, increasing unemployment of native low-skilled workers. Legalization, instead, decreases the unemployment rate of low-skilled natives and increases income per native.\" Research suggests that migration is beneficial both to the receiving and sending countries. According to one study, welfare increases in both types of countries: \"welfare impact of observed levels of migration is substantial, at about 5% to 10", "id": "12702197" }, { "contents": "Edwin Lefèvre\n\n\nwere published (1901) under the title \"\"Wall Street Stories\".\" This was followed by several novels about money and finance until 1908 when Lefèvre and his wife Martha and their children moved to a country estate in East Dorset, Vermont. In 1909 he was appointed ambassador to Spain and Italy by his native country, Panama. Lefèvre did work as a broker on Wall Street and was the financial writer for the New York Sun newspaper. He later returned to his home in Vermont where he resumed his literary work", "id": "20060174" }, { "contents": "Corruption in Tajikistan\n\n\nfrom 1992 to 1997, left the people largely apathetic and passive in the face of government authority. Landlocked and poor in natural resources, Tajikistan remains the poorest and least developed of the former Soviet republics, with half of the inhabitants living on less than 2 USD a day. Many Tajiks have emigrated to Russia or Kazakhstan, and the large amounts of money they send back home make Tajikistan one of the more remittance-dependent countries on earth. There are, moreover, major problems with organized crime, drug trafficking, religious", "id": "10298924" }, { "contents": "Waleed Al-Tabtabaie\n\n\nReform Charter. Al-Tabtabaie declared that, \"The names of supporters will be published in the newspapers for voters to know who backs reform and who doesn't.\" On February 19, 2007, Al-Tabtabaie submitted a motion to formally question Health Minister Sheik Ahmed Abdullah Al Ahmed Al Sabah about allegations of favoritism, deteriorating health services offered by state hospitals, and wasting public money by sending people for treatment abroad at the country's expense when they could be treated at home. The motion was signed and supported by", "id": "12298976" }, { "contents": "Akwid\n\n\nAmerican or American music. Akwid's music is a representation of the strong Mexican identity within Mexican-Americans living in the United States. Unlike many other immigrants, Mexicans retain a deep connection with Mexico, and frequently visit the country or send money back home. Kun calls this a cross-border continuum, in that Mexican immigration to the United States is circular rather than one-way. Mexican immigrants themselves were also very reluctant to give up their culture and assimilate into the United States. In \"No Hay Manera,", "id": "13354063" }, { "contents": "B. R. Shetty\n\n\nUAE with over four million patients annually across 45 facilities spread over 12 cities and 8 countries, including UAE, KSA, Oman, Spain, Italy, Denmark, Colombia and Brazil. It is the first healthcare company from the GCC and the first company from Abu Dhabi to be listed on the premium segment of the London Stock Exchange and is part of the coveted FTSE 100 Index. Shetty established the UAE Exchange in 1980 in an attempt to ease the process of sending money by the expats to their families in their respective home", "id": "1591592" }, { "contents": "Haile Selassie\n\n\ndidn't recover from the crises of the war, We heard that your fertile and beautiful country is devastated by the unusually heavy rain, and your request for aid. Therefore, We are sending small amount of money, about one thousand pounds through our embassy to show our sympathy and cooperation.\" He also left his home in exile, Fairfield House, Bath, to the City of Bath for the use of the aged in 1959. Haile Selassie contributed Ethiopian troops to the United Nations Operation in the Congo peacekeeping force during", "id": "19511604" }, { "contents": "Sharpe's Revenge\n\n\n. She is keenly looking forward to the end of the war, and retirement to England, and to assuage her fears, Sharpe grants her power of attorney over the considerable sum of money he has lodged with his prize agent in London. Sharpe fights the duel, wounding Bampfylde in the buttocks, and sends Jane to England with instructions to purchase a country home in Dorset. Sharpe takes part in the Battle of Toulouse, under the command of General Nairn who is killed in action, at which point Sharpe takes command,", "id": "922238" }, { "contents": "Havana on the Hudson\n\n\n\"envia dinero\" placards and all variety of calling cards, used to send money to the home country and keep in contact with it. The area offers a variety of Latin American cuisines, including Cuba, Ecuadorian and Puerto Rican, Mexican including trans-Latino tostones, ropa vieja, batidos, and the like. Local, traditionally made Cuban cigars, are to be found. The Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey, since its inception at the millennium, has run south along Bergenline Avenue in North Hudson County, and", "id": "9661714" }, { "contents": "Migrant labourers in Kerala\n\n\nthese other states and the large distance make it similar to international migration rather than internal migration. Kerala offers the best wage rates in the country in the unorganised sector. Sustained job opportunities, comparatively peaceful social environment, relatively less discriminatory treatment of workers, presence of significant others, direct trains from native states, the ease with which the money they earn can be transferred home and the penetration of mobile phones cutting short the distance from homes influenced the migration to Kerala. There are push and pull factors attracting migrants to Kerala.", "id": "17253579" }, { "contents": "List of Eat Bulaga! segments\n\n\n. The winner can pick a television host who will then spin a giant roulette-style wheel mechanism containing cash amounts ranging from 10,000 pesos to 50,000 pesos. The lucky winner can then choose whether to send the prize abroad or to directly send the money to his or her family in the Philippines. The segment is sponsored by the local telecommunications company Globe Telecom. \"Dabarkads Around the World\" is a home viewer portion in which home viewers can send greetings and messages to their loved ones across the globe. The hosts of", "id": "9701904" }, { "contents": "History of the British Army postal service\n\n\nto prevent drunkenness and became the world's first International Money Order Service. In its first month of operation £7,000 was remitted by the British troops. Afterwards Malta and Gibraltar were allowed to send, but not to receive orders. By the end of the decade Canada started to send and receive them and the rest of the dominions and colonies of the British Empire gradually followed. In 1869, money orders began to be exchanged with foreign countries, the first two being Switzerland and Belgium. In 1883 they were supplemented by the", "id": "5995221" }, { "contents": "Triple Frontier\n\n\nin the region\". A counter-terrorism expert with the Pentagon's National Security Study Group described the Tri-border in 2007 as \"the most important base for Hezbollah outside Lebanon itself, home to a community of dangerous fanatics that send their money to financially support Hezbollah.\" Of the 25,000 Lebanese Arabs who live in the region, not all support terrorism, but many openly acknowledge they send money to Hezbollah and that Shiite mosques have \"an obligation to finance it\". The Paraguayan authorities say they have evidence that", "id": "1581965" }, { "contents": "Remittances from the United States\n\n\nOperator (MTO) to the sending of physical money in the mail, or through a friend or family member. Informal methods of transfer have been historically the most popular methods for immigrants and workers to send money to their families back home. Accessibility, Cost, and Speed are some of the major factors that contribute to their popularity. The use of formal methods by individual immigrants and workers in the U.S. has been increasing over the last decade, this can be attributed partially to a sharp decline in the average cost of formal", "id": "3551929" }, { "contents": "Money\n\n\n1) of the amount of base money created by the country's central bank. That multiple (called the money multiplier) is determined by the reserve requirement or other financial ratio requirements imposed by financial regulators. The money supply of a country is usually held to be the total amount of currency in circulation plus the total value of checking and savings deposits in the commercial banks in the country. In modern economies, relatively little of the money supply is in physical currency. For example, in December 2010 in the U.S.,", "id": "5707205" }, { "contents": "Satellite babies\n\n\nbe cared for by extended family because they themselves were raised by their grandparents. Parents were also pressured to send their children back; surveys of former Chinese satellite babies cited that many grandparents enjoyed taking care of their grandchildren as it brought them meaning in retirement and gave them the opportunity to raise a daughter or son that they were not able to have. Another factor influencing Chinese parents' decisions was the wish for their children to be exposed to the culture of the home country so that traditional values and the native language would be", "id": "10201711" }, { "contents": "Civilization IV: Colonization\n\n\nforce that the King sends to crush the rebellion. The Windows version was released on September 21, 2008. A Mac OS X version was released in December 2009. \"Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Colonization\" does not require the original \"Sid Meier's Civilization IV\" in order to play. In order to build and expand their cities, players must balance negotiations with several separate groups: the natives of the Americas, colonists from the player's home country and other colonists from the old world. Players may also", "id": "19586446" }, { "contents": "Information-transfer transaction\n\n\nmost consider the costs of time and means (money). Both of these costs are corollated with one another in that to decrease one, you must increase the other. For example, say Person #1 sends a letter through the mail, while Person #2 sends letters through email. For Person #1 to send their letter they had to buy paper, means of writing, envelopes, stamps, etc., while Person #2 needed to buy a source of electricity, internet, computer technology, etc.", "id": "19170128" }, { "contents": "Early Malay nationalism\n\n\n[Francis] Light arrived, did he find Malays, or Malay villages? Our forefathers came here and worked hard as coolies – weren't ashamed to become coolies – and they didn't send their money back to China. They married and spent their money here, and in this way the Government was able to open up the country from jungle to civilisation. We've become inseparable from this country. It's ours, our country...\" Irked Malay intellectuals objected to this reasoning, and proposed an analogy with the Chinese", "id": "8440573" }, { "contents": "Faisal Al-Muslim Al-Otaib\n\n\n, and against the constitution that guarantees freedom of speech, expression and publication.\" Al-Muslim also accused the minister of failing to suppress publications that were anti-Islamic and promoting vice. On February 19, 2007, Waleed Al-Tabtabaie submitted a motion to formally question Health Minister Sheik Ahmed Abdullah Al Ahmed Al Sabah about allegations of favoritism, deteriorating health services offered by state hospitals, and wasting public money by sending people for treatment abroad at the country's expense when they could be treated at home. The motion", "id": "12298960" }, { "contents": "1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest\n\n\narrived in South Korea as trainees to escape poverty after finding that there were no available jobs in their home countries. However, during their employment period, their employers had withheld their wages for over six months, with the reasoning that they would send the money directly back to the trainees’ families on their behalf, which was false. Furthermore, workers were consistently abused and beaten when demanding to receive their wages directly. After this conflict gained traction, and the increase of migrant workers expressing their struggles and concerns internally within their", "id": "15353393" }, { "contents": "Economy of Jordan\n\n\nFree Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States that went into effect in December 2001 would phase out duties on nearly all goods and services by 2010. The flows of remittance to Jordan had experienced rapid growth rates, particularly during the end of the 1970s and 1980s, where Jordan had started exporting high skilled labour to the Persian Gulf States. The money that migrants send home, remittances, represents today an important source of external funding for many developing countries, including Jordan. According to the World Bank data on remittances,", "id": "15696720" }, { "contents": "Kuwait National Assembly No-Confidence Votes\n\n\nthe minister of failing to suppress publications that were anti-Islamic and promoting vice. MPs Waleed AlـTabtabaie, Jamaan Al-Hirbish, and Ahmad Al-Shihoumi grilled the minister in February 2007, questioning him about allegations of favoritism, deteriorating health services offered by state hospitals, and wasting public money by sending people for treatment abroad at the country's expense when they could be treated at home. The minister defended himself against accusations of mismanagement and incompetence, acknowledging he made mistakes and has asked the prosecutor general to investigate. But", "id": "16313869" }, { "contents": "Latin America–United States relations\n\n\n10 million illegal immigrants live in the United States, most of them with Hispanic origins. Many send money back home to family members and contribute considerably to the domestic economies of their countries of origin. Large-scale immigration to the United States came primarily from Mexico and Cuba. Smaller, though still significant, immigrant populations from El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Colombia exist in the United States. Most of Latin America is still part of the Organization of American States, and remains bound by the Inter-American", "id": "18602667" } ]

[ { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nexperiences: the suicide of his only middle-school friend, Michael Dobson, and the death of his favorite aunt, Helen. His English teacher, who encourages Charlie to call him Bill, notices Charlie's passion for reading and writing, and acts as a mentor by assigning him extracurricular books and reports. Although he is a wallflower Charlie is befriended by two seniors: Patrick and Sam. Patrick is secretly dating Brad, a football player, and Sam is Patrick's stepsister. Charlie quickly develops a crush on Sam and", "id": "12834648" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nThe Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky, based on Chbosky’s 1999 novel of the same name. Logan Lerman stars as a teenager named Charlie who writes to an unnamed friend, and these epistles chronicle his trials, tribulations, and triumphs as he goes through his first year of high school. The film depicts his depression and anxiety as he goes through his journey in high school making new friends. The film's ensemble cast also features Emma", "id": "19222127" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nIn that book he wrote the sentence, \"I guess that's just one of the perks of being a wallflower\", which led him to realize \"that somewhere in that ... was the kid I was really trying to find.\" Chbosky began writing the novel in the summer of 1996 while he was in college, and within ten weeks he completed the story. He rewrote it into two more drafts, concluding the published version in the summer of 1998. Charlie was loosely based on Chbosky himself. In the novel", "id": "12834658" }, { "contents": "Logan Lerman\n\n\nthe \"Chicago Tribune\" writing that \"Lerman already has done solid work... but he's a blank slate here\". Lerman starred in a film adaptation of Stephen Chbosky's novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", playing the lead role, Charlie; filming took place in 2011, and the movie was released in September 2012. Lerman has described the film as a \"life epic\", and stated that he had been \"torturing [himself] for... a few months in order to get inside Charlie", "id": "16926868" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\n\" he was \"surprised\" by the bans. Since he wrote \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", Chbosky aspired to adapt it into a film, calling this \"a lifelong dream of mine\". After the publication of the novel, the author said he received film offers, refusing them because he \"owed the fans a movie that was worthy of their love for the book\". In 2010 Mr. Mudd began developing a film version, and the author was signed to write and direct the film by producers", "id": "12834671" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nversion starring Logan Lerman (seen in the Percy Jackson movie series), Emma Watson (seen in the Harry Potter movie series), and Ezra Miller (seen in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them). The film boosted the novel's sales, and the book reached \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list. Charlie, the 15-year-old protagonist, begins writing letters about his own life to an unknown recipient. In these letters he discusses his first year at high school and his struggles with two traumatic", "id": "12834647" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nThe Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming-of-age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted teenager, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie’s unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family.", "id": "12834645" }, { "contents": "Stephen Chbosky\n\n\nthat [sentence] was the kid I was really trying to find.\" After several years of gestation, Chbosky began researching and writing \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", an epistolary novel that follows the intellectual and emotional maturation of a teenager who uses the alias Charlie over the course of his first year of high school. The book is semi-autobiographical; Chbosky has said that he \"relate[s] to Charlie[...] But my life in high school was in many ways different.\" The book,", "id": "3026992" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nCharlie go through the tunnel again and Charlie stands up and exclaims that he feels infinite. Charlie eventually comes to terms with his past: \"Even if we don't have the power to choose where we come from, we can still choose where we go from there\". Charlie decides to \"participate\" in life, and his letter-writing ends. Chbosky incorporated both fictional ideas and personal experiences to the novel. After five years with these elements in mind, he had the idea of writing the novel during a", "id": "12834656" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nAward for Best First Feature, two Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations, including Best Adapted Screenplay for Chbosky, and the 2013 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release. Set in 1992, a young high school student, Charlie (Logan Lerman) who has been suffering from clinical depression setbacks since childhood has recently been discharged from a mental health care institution. Charlie is uneasy about beginning his freshman year of high school; he is shy and finds difficulty in making friends, but he connects with his English teacher,", "id": "19222130" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nbrighter future ahead if we let ourselves reach for it.\" Some critics had a less positive response to the film, with the main criticism being that the portrayal of teenage issues is idealized and the casting uninspired. \"The Miami Herald\" critic Connie Ogle notes that \"the suicide of Charlie’s best friend, which takes place before the film opens, seems glossed over too quickly\" despite the event being Charlie's main character motivation in the film. Jack Wilson of \"The Age\" writes, \"the script is", "id": "19222153" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nnostos, pain [sic].\" Marty Beckerman of \"Word Riot\" said that \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" connects with young people because its scenes are \"so universal and happen to so many teenagers.\" Chbosky wanted to convey respect for teenagers, to \"validate and respect and celebrate what [teenagers] are going through every day\", and said the novel is for \"anyone who's felt like an outcast.\" Read by all ages, \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" is", "id": "12834662" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nChristmas, Sam gives Charlie a vintage typewriter to thank him for his help. The two discuss relationships, and Charlie reveals he has never been kissed. Sam, though already involved with someone else, tells Charlie she wants his first kiss to be from someone who loves him, and kisses him. At a regular \"Rocky Horror Picture Show performance\", Charlie is asked to fill in for Sam's boyfriend Craig, who is not there. Their friend Mary Elizabeth (Mae Whitman) is impressed and asks Charlie to the", "id": "19222133" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nvisited by Sam and Patrick. Sam explains what college life is like, and that she has found \"The Tunnel Song\" - \"Heroes\" by David Bowie. The three revisit the tunnel, where Charlie kisses Sam again, and he stands up in the back of the truck. Charlie acknowledges that he feels alive and in that moment - \"We are infinite\". John Hughes read the novel and attempted to write a screenplay after he got the rights from Chbosky; however, he never finished this screenplay. Hughes", "id": "19222138" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nPatrick. Charlie joins in the fight to help Patrick, and breaks it up, regaining the respect of Sam and her friends. Patrick begins spending much of his time with Charlie and Patrick kisses Charlie impulsively and then apologizes, but Charlie understands that he is recovering from his romance with Brad. Soon Patrick sees Brad engaging with a stranger in the park and Patrick is able to move on from the relationship. As the school year ends, Charlie is anxious about losing his older friends—especially Sam, who is leaving for", "id": "12834653" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nof 67 out of 100 based on 36 reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported an 86% approval rate, based on 153 reviews. The film grossed over $33 million worldwide from a $13 million production budget. Even though the movie was directed and scripted by the author himself, some scenes were omitted from the film adaptation. In the book, Charlie's parents are notified by Bill that Candace is being abused by her boyfriend, to which his parents take direct intervention in the abusive relationship in the book. In addition,", "id": "12834674" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nwas going to use the project as a directorial comeback with more of a black comedy style. He had in mind particular actors while writing the screenplay, namely, Shia LaBeouf as Charlie, Kirsten Dunst as Sam and Patrick Fugit as Patrick. Other filmmakers who were interested in the project were Ron Howard, Richard Linklater, Josh Schwartz, McG, Joel Schumacher, Ryan Murphy and British filmmaker Danny Boyle. Mr. Mudd Productions (producers of \"Juno\") became interested in the project and wanted Chbosky to adapt the film.", "id": "19222139" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nsubsequently admits his feelings to her. It is revealed that Sam was sexually abused as a child, and she kisses Charlie to ensure that his first kiss is from someone who truly loves him. In parallel, Charlie witnesses his sister's boyfriend hit her across the face, but she forbids him from telling their parents. He eventually mentions the occurrence to Bill, who tells Charlie's parents about it. Charlie's relationship with his sister rapidly deteriorates and she continues to see her boyfriend against her parents' wishes. Eventually,", "id": "12834649" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nthe hospital after falling asleep in the snow. At a \"Rocky Horror Picture Show\" performance, Charlie is asked to fill in as Rocky for Sam's boyfriend Craig, who is unavailable. Their friend Mary Elizabeth is impressed and asks Charlie to the Sadie Hawkins dance and they enter into a desultory relationship. The relationship ends, however, during a game of truth or dare when Charlie is dared to kiss the prettiest girl in the room. He kisses Sam, and Mary Elizabeth storms out of the room in response.", "id": "12834651" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nthe gay character Patrick as something messy and unusual; Paul Rudd, as their English teacher, is refreshingly thoughtful. And Charlie is portrayed by Lerman as quietly observant, yearning and delicate in a way that will click with audiences regardless of age\". Allison M. Lyzenga of \"My Film Habit\" praised the film saying \"This movie especially recognizes that even while high-school can be a battlefield of insecurity and bullying, you can find allies to help you through the struggle. It also shows that we all have a", "id": "19222152" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nOn Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 67 based on 36 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film three and a half stars out of four, writing in his review \"All of my previous selves still survive somewhere inside of me, and my previous adolescent would have loved \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\". The lead cast also received positive notices", "id": "19222149" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nhe discovers that his sister is pregnant and agrees to bring her to an abortion clinic without telling anyone. His sister breaks up with her boyfriend, after which her and Charlie's relationship begins to improve significantly. Charlie is accepted by Sam and Patrick's group of friends and begins experimenting with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. At a party Charlie trips on LSD. He cannot control his flashbacks of Aunt Helen, who died in a car crash on her way to buy him a birthday gift. He ends up in", "id": "12834650" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\n(2012).\" The soundtrack was selected by music supervisor, Alexandra Patsavas and the score was composed Michael Brook. The film itself follows the main characters Charlie, and step brother and sister combo Patrick and Sam, as they grow throughout high school. Screenwriter and director Stephen Chbosky writes in the album’s liner notes. “I’ve shared them with friends. And they have shared their favourites with me. Some of the songs are popular. Some of them are not known by a whole lot of people. But", "id": "19222143" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nrip-off\" of J. D. Salinger's \"The Catcher in the Rye\". Although other reviewers made similar comparisons, Chbosky said he \"was not trying to mimic [Salinger's] style as a writer\"; he saw \"how readers could compare Charlie to Salinger's Holden Caulfield, but \"they are very different people with unique problems and perspectives\". More positive was Francisca Goldsmith of the \"School Library Journal\", who said the novel \"cleverly\" makes the readers the recipients of Charlie's letters", "id": "12834666" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\n, and Peters Township High School. \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" scenes were filmed at The Hollywood Theater in Dormont after Chbosky learned that the theater was re-opening; he had seen \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" there when younger. The film also has scenes within Pittsburgh city limits inside the Fort Pitt Tunnel, Fort Pitt Bridge on Interstate 376 and on Mount Washington. The Perks of Being a Wallflower (Soundtrack) is the official music for the book turned film, \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower", "id": "19222142" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\na summer college-preparatory program and has learned that her boyfriend cheated on her. When Charlie helps her pack, they talk about his feelings for her; she is angry that he never acted on them. They begin to engage sexually, but Charlie suddenly grows inexplicably uncomfortable and stops Sam. Charlie begins to realize that his sexual contact with Sam has stirred up repressed memories of him being molested by his Aunt Helen as a little boy. Charlie shows signs of PTSD from the incident and the revelation of his abuse helps the", "id": "12834654" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nSadie Hawkins dance. The two enter into an unsatisfactory relationship. Finally, at a party, when Charlie is dared to kiss the prettiest girl in the room, he chooses Sam, upsetting both her and Mary Elizabeth. Patrick recommends Charlie stay away from the group for a while, and the isolation causes him to sink back into depression. He experiences flashbacks of his Aunt Helen (Melanie Lynskey) who died in a car accident when he was seven years old. Brad shows up to school with bruises on his face having", "id": "19222134" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nit a secret. Sam realizes that Charlie has no other friends, so she and Patrick make a special effort to bring Charlie into their group. On their way home the three hear an unknown song on the radio, Sam instructs Patrick to drive through a tunnel, so she can stand up in the back of the pickup while the music blasts. Sam needs to improve her SAT scores to have a better chance of being accepted to Pennsylvania State University, so Charlie offers to tutor her which improves her SAT score. At", "id": "19222132" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nMr. Anderson (Paul Rudd). Charlie meets two seniors, Sam (Emma Watson) and her stepbrother Patrick (Ezra Miller) at a football game and they invite him to a party. Charlie unknowingly eats a weed brownie, gets high and discloses to Sam that the year before, his best friend committed suicide. He also walks in on Patrick and Brad (Johnny Simmons) the high school quarterback, kissing. Patrick tells Charlie that Brad doesn't want anyone to know he's gay, so Charlie agrees to keep", "id": "19222131" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nwith Brad, and at one point kisses Charlie, but immediately apologizes afterwards. Charlie keeps getting worse after the blackout. Sam is accepted into Penn State, and breaks up with Craig on prom night after learning he has been cheating on her. The night before she departs, she brings Charlie to her room. They confide in each other and kiss, but when Sam touches Charlie's thigh, he experiences a momentary flashback of his Aunt Helen, which he passes off as nothing, and they continue to kiss. After", "id": "19222136" }, { "contents": "Joan Cusack\n\n\n\", and played Dr. Burton, the therapist of Charlie (Logan Lerman), in the teen film \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012). Cusack was a cast member on the NBC sketch show \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1985 to 1986. Her recurring characters on \"SNL\" included Salena, a socially inept girl who tries to ask out her boyfriend, Biff (played by Jon Lovitz), who is also socially inept. In addition, she did celebrity impersonations of Brooke Shields, Jane", "id": "3839586" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nreader understand his view of relationships and love. In an epilogue, Charlie is discovered by his parents in a catatonic state and does not show any movement despite being hit reluctantly by his father. After being admitted to a mental hospital, it is revealed that Helen actually sexually abused him when he was young—memories he had unconsciously repressed. This psychological damage explains his flashbacks and derealization phases throughout the book. In two months Charlie is released, and Sam and Patrick visit him. In the epilogue, Sam, Patrick and", "id": "12834655" }, { "contents": "Dylan McDermott\n\n\nmanager, \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", as the father of main character Charlie (Logan Lerman), and \"Nobody Walks\", as Leroy. He appeared in the action thriller \"Olympus Has Fallen\" as a treacherous Secret Service Agent who helps a group of terrorists seize control of the White House. In May 2013, McDermott launched his first Photography Exhibition in Montreal, Quebec at Avenue Art Gallery as part of a collaboration with Art Agent, Marina Cutler. The Exhibition titled \"THE DYLAN PROJECT,", "id": "6990350" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nJackson\" series, shines as Charlie, a role that demands he be immediately likeable while still holding onto some deep darkness that can't be fully revealed until the end.\" John Anderson of \"Newsday\" also praised the cast saying \"As Sam, the quasi-bad girl trying to reinvent herself before college, she (Emma Watson) brings honesty and a lack of cliche to a character who might have been a standard-issue student. But equally fine are her co-stars: Ezra Miller, who plays", "id": "19222151" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nshe leaves for college, though, his emotional state deteriorates and his flashbacks worsen. He calls his sister blaming himself for Helen's death, and admits he may have wanted it to happen. His sister realizes he is in trouble and calls the police. Charlie passes out as they burst through the door and comes to in a hospital, where psychiatrist Dr. Burton (Joan Cusack) manages to bring out Charlie's repressed memories which reveals that his aunt sexually abused him. The night Charlie is released from the hospital he is", "id": "19222137" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nJohn Malkovich, Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith. The film, shot in the Pittsburgh area from May 9 to June 29, 2011, starred Logan Lerman as Charlie, Emma Watson as Sam, Ezra Miller as Patrick, and Nina Dobrev as Charlie's sister, Candace. With the announcement of a film adaptation, the novel received more attention; its sales increased from 88,847 copies in 2011 to 425,933 in 2012, and it reached the \"New York Times\" bestseller lists. It entered the Children's Paperback Books category on", "id": "12834672" }, { "contents": "This Side of Paradise\n\n\n\" by Princeton University. The 24th episode of the first season of \"Star Trek\" is called \"This Side of Paradise\" as well. Both were inspired by Rupert Brooke's poem \"Tiare Tahiti\". The book is read by Charlie, the main character, in Stephen Chbosky's novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". Alternative band Glass Animals subtly referenced the novel on their 2016 album \"How to Be a Human Being\", with a track titled \"The Other Side Of Paradise.\" The", "id": "6256365" }, { "contents": "The Spectacular Now\n\n\n\" captures the beauty and scariness and lacerating intensity of first love\". \"Entertainment Weekly\" critic Owen Gleiberman described it as \"one of the rare truly soulful and authentic teen movies.\" He compared it favorably to \"Say Anything...\" and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", saying \"like them, it's a movie about the experience of being caught on the cusp and truly not knowing which way you'll land.\" In \"Variety\", critic Rob Nelson wrote: \"The scars and", "id": "15570312" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nbeen caught by his father having sex with Patrick. Brad lies, saying that he was jumped and beaten up. Brad distances himself from Patrick, calling him a \"faggot\" causing Patrick to punch him. Brad's friends begin beating Patrick, but Charlie forcefully intervenes, then blacks out. When he recovers he finds that he has bruised knuckles and Brad's friends are on the floor, incapacitated. Sam and Patrick express their gratitude to Charlie, and the three become friends again. Patrick tries to cope with what happened", "id": "19222135" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nreferences The Smiths and Fleetwood Mac, literarily the book references \"This Side of Paradise\", \"On the Road\", \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" and theatrically the book references \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\". \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" was first published on February 1, 1999 by Pocket Books through its MTV Books imprint. It became the subsidiary's best-selling book with 100,000 copies in print as of 2000, and was included on school reading lists and gathered a cult following. By", "id": "12834664" }, { "contents": "Stephen Chbosky\n\n\none of the first films shown on the Sundance Channel. In the late 1990s, Chbosky wrote several unproduced screenplays, including ones titled \"Audrey Hepburn's Neck\" and \"Schoolhouse Rock\". In 1994, Chbosky was working on a \"very different type of book\" than \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" when he wrote the line, \"I guess that's just one of the perks of being a wallflower.\" Chbosky recalled that he \"wrote that line. And stopped. And realized that somewhere in", "id": "3026991" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\n’s (Logan Lerman) shoulder, and Patrick (Ezra Miller), stands on the other side of Sam looking straight forward. Written above their heads are the words, “The Perks of being a Wallflower: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack”. The song \"It’s Time\" by the Las Vegas native band Imagine Dragons was used in the trailer, but was not included in the film itself. The score was composed by Michael Brook and released September 25, 2012. The official time of the score in its", "id": "19222145" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\n2012. The UK premiere was on September 23 at the Cambridge Film Festival. The film originally received an R rating for \"teen drug and alcohol use, and some sexual references\". The filmmakers appealed and the MPAA changed it to PG-13 for \"mature thematic material, drug and alcohol use, sexual content including references, and a fightall involving teens\". \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" received a limited release of four theaters in the United States on September 21, 2012, and grossed $228,359 on its", "id": "19222147" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nlimited opening weekend, averaging $57,089 per theater. The film earned $17,742,948 in North America and $15,641,179 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $33,384,127. The film received mainly positive reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a \"Certified Fresh\" score of 86%, based on 160 reviews, with an average score of 7.44/10. The site's consensus states: \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" is a heartfelt and sincere adaptation that's bolstered by strong lead performances.\"", "id": "19222148" }, { "contents": "MLK (song)\n\n\n, as the prelude to \"Walk On\" and to be hopeful for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest. \"MLK\" was director Richard Kelly's original choice for the soundtrack to the final sequence of \"Donnie Darko\". After difficulties licensing the song, it was decided to use Gary Jules' rendition of the Tears for Fears song \"Mad World\" instead. In the novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", \"MLK\" is mentioned as one of Charlie's favorite songs,", "id": "8885902" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nChbosky took five years to develop and publish \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" , creating the characters and other aspects of the story from his own memories. The novel addresses themes permeating adolescence, including introversion, sexuality, drug use, rape (insinuated), and mental health, while also making several references to other literary works, films, and pop culture in general. Because of the mentioned themes, it was banned in some American schools for its content. In 2012, Chbosky himself adapted and directed a film", "id": "12834646" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nspecific age range and does it well.\" \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" has appeared six times on the American Library Association's list of 10 most-frequently-challenged books for its content. A Wisconsin school board refused to ban the book, angering local parents. The Glen Ellyn District 41 school board in suburban Chicago unanimously voted to reinstate the novel after it was removed from eighth-grade classrooms at Hadley Junior High School because of a parent's objection to its sexual content. Groups like PABBIS (Parents", "id": "12834668" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\ntargeted at a teenage audience. The book addresses a range of themes dispassionately. These themes include drugs, friendship, body image, first love, suicide, eating disorders and sexuality. Chbosky appreciates the importance of entertainment in adolescence: \"Books, songs, and movies are more than entertainment when we're young. They help all of us discover who we are, what we believe, and what we hope our life can be.\" As such, the book contains several cultural references across all mediums: musically the book", "id": "12834663" }, { "contents": "The Shaggs\n\n\nHelen Wiggin died in 2006. She was survived by her two sons. The widow of Austin Wiggin, Jr., Annie Wiggin, died in 2005. In May 2011 the Shaggs were the subject of a BBC Radio 4 documentary by Jon Ronson. In the 2012 film \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", Charlie gives Sam a mix tape which includes music by the Shaggs. Dot Wiggin released a solo album, \"Ready! Get! Go!\", on Alternative Tentacles Records on October 29, 2013. The", "id": "10724414" }, { "contents": "Paul Rudd\n\n\n2010, Rudd reunited with Steve Carell for the first time since \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\" for the Jay Roach-directed comedy \"Dinner for Schmucks\". In 2012, he had a supporting role in the teen drama \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", playing Mr. Anderson, a teacher of Charlie, played by Logan Lerman. He starred in the 2011 comedy-drama film \"Our Idiot Brother\" with Elizabeth Banks, Zooey Deschanel, and Emily Mortimer. It was the fifth film that Rudd starred", "id": "11798408" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\n2012, the novel had been published in 16 countries in 13 languages, and that same year it placed at number 16 on NPR's list of the \"100 Best-Ever Teen Novels\". Critical response was mixed; \"Publishers Weekly\" called the novel \"trite\", dealing with \"standard teenage issues\" in which \"Chbosky infuses a droning insistence on Charlie's supersensitive disposition.\" Although \"Kirkus Reviews\" said it had \"the right combination of realism and uplift\", the reviewer criticized Chbosky's \"", "id": "12834665" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nthey are all great in their own way. And since these songs have meant a lot to me, I just wanted you to have them as a soundtrack for whatever you need them to be for your life.” The soundtrack, with a run time of 52 minutes, was released Aug 1st, 2012 by Atlantic Records. The cover of the soundtrack is the same as the theatrical release poster and shows the three main characters with a green backdrop behind them, Sam (Emma Watson) is leaning her head on Charlie", "id": "19222144" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nFollowing this, Patrick suggests that Charlie stay away from Sam for a while, and the rest of the friend group shuns him. His flashbacks of Aunt Helen return. Patrick and Brad's relationship is discovered by Brad's abusive father, and Brad disappears from school for a few days. Upon returning, Brad is cold and mean toward Patrick, while Patrick attempts to reconnect with him. However, when Brad derogatorily attacks Patrick's sexuality in public, Patrick physically attacks Brad until other football players join in and gang up on", "id": "12834652" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\ntheir way to their own identity.\" The idea of anonymous letters came from a real experience; during his senior year in high school, Chbosky wrote an anonymous letter to Stewart Stern about how \"Rebel Without a Cause\" had influenced him. A year and a half later, Stern found Chbosky and became his mentor. By using a series of letters from Charlie to an anonymous character, Chbosky found \"the most intimate way\" to talk directly to the reader. He thought the letters would help him keep the story", "id": "12834660" }, { "contents": "Kate Walsh (actress)\n\n\nWalsh starred alongside Dennis Quaid and Paul Bettany in the biblical horror film \"Legion\", that was released on January 22, 2010. She played Charlie's mother in \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". In May 2010, Walsh made her off-Broadway debut opposite Paul Sparks in Atlantic Theater Company's world premiere of Stephen Belber's \"Dusk Rings a Bell\". The new play began previews on May 19 and opened May 27 at Atlantic Stage 2 and played through June 26. \"The New York Times", "id": "14118468" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nin talks for the project and confirmed the following year. In April 2011, Mae Whitman signed on as Mary Elizabeth and Nina Dobrev was cast as Candace. Paul Rudd was cast as Mr Anderson later that month. On May 9, 2011, Kate Walsh announced that she was cast in the film as Charlie's mother and had begun filming. The film was shot in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area from May 9 to June 29, 2011. Initial filming began in Pittsburgh's South Hills, including South Park, Upper St. Clair", "id": "19222141" }, { "contents": "Stephen Chbosky\n\n\nStephen Chbosky (; born January 25, 1970) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and film director best-known for writing \"The New York Times\" bestselling coming-of-age novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (1999), as well as for writing and directing the film version of the same book, starring Logan Lerman, Emma Watson, and Ezra Miller. He also wrote the screenplay for the 2005 film \"Rent\" and Disney's 2017 live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast", "id": "3026987" }, { "contents": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)\n\n\n31, 2012, it was announced that Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, had optioned the rights to adapt John Green's novel \"The Fault in Our Stars\" for a feature film. Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen were due to produce the film with their production company, Temple Hill Entertainment. Stephen Chbosky, who directed \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (also filmed in Pittsburgh), was in talks to direct the film but turned it down because of its similarity to \"Perks\".", "id": "3992615" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nWatson, Ezra Miller, Mae Whitman, Kate Walsh, Dylan McDermott, Nina Dobrev, Johnny Simmons, Erin Wilhelmi, Melanie Lynskey, Paul Rudd and Joan Cusack. John Hughes originally read the novel and attempted to write a screenplay after he got the rights from Chbosky; however, he never finished writing the screenplay. Mr. Mudd Productions wanted Chbosky to adapt his own novel; after he finished writing the screenplay, production was approved. Filming began in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on May 2011 and lasted approximately fifty days. This is", "id": "19222128" }, { "contents": "The Call (2013 film)\n\n\nother minorities in music, acting, sports and other fields of entertainment over the past year, Berry lost to Kerry Washington for the role in \"Django Unchained\". She was also nominated for Choice Movie Actress in a Drama at the Teen Choice Awards, but lost to Emma Watson for \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". The film was also nominated for Best Thriller Film at the 40th Saturn Awards and Berry was nominated for Saturn Award for Best Actress, but lost to \"World War Z\" and Sandra Bullock", "id": "20043304" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\npornographic\" content and \"vulgarity,\" but others have argued that the book deals with real and common teen issues concerned with growing up, so it presents a truthful viewpoint. Issues are also raised surrounding the books themes of homosexuality, as well as a \"glorification\" of the use of drugs and alcohol. In an interview, Chbosky said that he knew of two school boards which have banned the book (in Massachusetts and on Long Island). Since he \"didn't write it to be a controversial book,", "id": "12834670" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\n, and it \"will engage teen readers for years to come.\" Common Sense Media's Kate Pavao praised its relevant themes for teenagers: \"Readers will find themselves quickly feeling sorry for the protagonist and worrying about him throughout his transformative journey.\" For \"The A.V. Club\", Marah Eakin wrote that although for an adult \"\"Perks\" suffers from an overabundance of pure, raw angst ... unlike some more arrested development-friendly young adult fare like \"Harry Potter\", \"Perks\" speaks to a more", "id": "12834667" }, { "contents": "Stephen Chbosky\n\n\nSherman on a film adaptation of Michael Chabon's novel \"The Mysteries of Pittsburgh\", though the project fell apart by August 2000. Chbosky wrote the screenplay for the 2005 film adaptation of the Broadway rock musical \"Rent\", which received mixed reviews. In late 2005, Chbosky said that he was writing a film adaptation of \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". In the mid-2000s, Chbosky decided, on the advice of his agent, to begin looking for work in television in addition to film. Finding he", "id": "3026995" }, { "contents": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\n\n\n, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\") would re-write the script. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film. In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor", "id": "8964863" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nAgainst Bad Books in School) work to restrict literature considered \"controversial\" from being accessed by younger children. The group believes these \"bad books\" should be moved to the adult section. In 2009, \"Perks\" was repeatedly challenged for descriptions of masturbation, sexually explicit conduct, drug use, and talk of suicide, and there have been multiple pushes across the United States to move this literary work from the children and young adults section to the adult section. Parents have raised issues with the novel for its \"", "id": "12834669" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\nThe producersJohn Malkovich, Lianne Halfon, and Russell Smithhired Chbosky to write a screenplay adaptation (instead of Hughes) and to direct the film. Chbosky found value in half of Hughes' screenplay, so he negotiated for the rights from Hughes' heirs and added his own touches. In January 2011, Summit acquired distribution rights. The following month, Summit sought a buyer for the project at the European Film Market held simultaneously with the Berlin International Film Festival. In May 2010, actors Logan Lerman and Emma Watson were reported as", "id": "19222140" }, { "contents": "Emma Watson\n\n\nhim. In May 2010, Watson was reported to be in talks to star in a film adaptation of \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". Filming began in summer 2011, and the film was released in September 2012. In \"The Bling Ring\" (2013), Watson stars as Nicki. The film is based on the real-life Bling Ring robberies, with Watson playing a fictionalised version of Alexis Neiers, a television personality who was one of seven teenagers involved in the robberies. While the film mostly", "id": "17175630" }, { "contents": "Mr. Mudd\n\n\nMr. Mudd is a film production company founded in 1998 by Lianne Halfon, John Malkovich, and Russell Smith. The company is known for producing the films \"Ghost World\" (2001), \"Juno\" (2007) and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), all of which received critical acclaim. The company is named for a Thai man (and convicted murderer) named Mr. Mudd who acted as Malkovich's driver while he was making \"The Killing Fields\" in 1983. Malkovich met Russell", "id": "16628674" }, { "contents": "Young adult fiction\n\n\nis written in first-person as the diary of a young girl who experiences a lot of problems while growing up. In order to cope with her problems, the protagonist begins experimenting with drugs. Modern examples of problem novels include \"Speak\" by Laurie Halse Anderson\", Crank\" by Ellen Hopkins, and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" by Stephen Chbosky. The distinctions among children's literature, young adult literature, and adult literature have historically been flexible and loosely defined. This line is often policed by", "id": "19490842" }, { "contents": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\n\n\ncanned\". By April 2014, Walt Disney Pictures had already begun developing a new live-action version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" after making other live-action fantasy films such as \"Alice in Wonderland\", \"Maleficent\", \"Cinderella\" and \"The Jungle Book\". Two months later, Bill Condon signed on to direct the film from a script by Evan Spiliotopoulos. Later in September of that same year, Stephen Chbosky (who had previously directed Watson in \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower", "id": "853843" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\n, Chbosky included much of his own memories from the time he lived in Pittsburgh. The other characters were manifestations of people Chbosky had known throughout his life; Chbosky focused on people's struggles and what they are passionate about, attempting to pin down the very nature of each of the characters. The characters of Sam and Patrick were an \"amalgamate and celebration\" of several people Chbosky has met; Sam was based on girls who confided in him, and Patrick was \"all the kids I knew who were gay and finding", "id": "12834659" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\n\n\n. Ian Buckwalter of \"The Atlantic\" said \"The primary trio of actors delivers outstanding performances, starting with Watson, who sheds the memory of a decade playing Hermione in the \"Harry Potter\" series with an about-face as a flirtatious but insecure free spirit. Miller also plays against his most recent performance, which was as the tightly wound eponymous teenage psychopath in \"We Need to Talk About Kevin\", to deliver a giddy, scene-stealing turn as Patrick. Lerman, best known from the \"Percy", "id": "19222150" }, { "contents": "Paul Rudd\n\n\nVirgin\" (2005), \"Knocked Up\" (2007), \"Role Models\" (2008), \"I Love You, Man\" (2009), \"This Is 40\" (2012), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"\" (2013), \"The Fundamentals of Caring\" (2016), \"Mute\" (2018), and \"Ideal Home\" (2018). Rudd also has a notable role as Scott Lang/Ant-Man in", "id": "11798395" }, { "contents": "Pittsburgh\n\n\npictures have been filmed, in whole or in part, in Pittsburgh, including \"The Mothman Prophecies\", \"Wonder Boys\", \"Dogma\", \"Hoffa\", \"The Silence of the Lambs\", \"Sudden Death\", \"Flashdance\", \"Southpaw\", \"Striking Distance\", \"Mrs. Soffel\", \"Jack Reacher\", \"Inspector Gadget\", \"The Next Three Days\", \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", \"Zack and Miri Make a Porno\",", "id": "5198185" }, { "contents": "Paul Rudd filmography\n\n\n2009), \"This Is 40\" (2012), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"\" (2013), \"The Fundamentals of Caring\" (2016), \"Mute\" (2018), Halloween The Curse of Michael Myers, and \"Ideal Home\" (2018). Beginning in 2015, Rudd has played Scott Lang / Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in \"Ant-Man\" (2015), \"\" (2016), \"", "id": "995568" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\ncohesive, \"to convey the highs and lows of being young—one day, you're on top of the world and you’ve had the greatest of times\". Critics have identified primary themes of teenage reality and nostalgia. According to David Edelstein of the \"New York Magazine\", Chbosky captures the \"feeling you belong when among friends, yet you'd soon be alone\" and notes that \"the pain of loss ... [is] almost as intense as the bliss ... it's nostalgia with an emphasis on", "id": "12834661" }, { "contents": "Vapour Trail (song)\n\n\nhalf-minutes of their career. Twenty years later, it's exciting to realize there's a lot more to be relished in between all its chimes. The song is mentioned in the novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" as being a track on a mixtape the narrator makes for his friends entitled \"One Winter\". It also appeared as the end credit's song in Gregg Araki's Totally F***ed Up (1993) the first film of his Teenage Apocalypse Trilogy. The music video for \"Vapour Trail\"", "id": "2110517" }, { "contents": "Julia Garner\n\n\nminiseries \"Maniac\" (2018), and as Terra Newell, daughter of Debra Newell in the Bravo true crime anthology series \"Dirty John\" (2018–19). Garner has appeared in the films \"Martha Marcy May Marlene\" (2011), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"\" (2014), and had leading roles in the films \"Electrick Children\" (2012), \"We Are What We Are\" (2013), \"Grandma\" (2015), and", "id": "14400629" }, { "contents": "Melanie Lynskey\n\n\n\" (2011), \"Seeking a Friend for the End of the World\" and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (both 2012). Lynskey received critical praise for her performance in \"Hello I Must Be Going\" (2012), which proved to be a turning point in her career. Subsequent lead roles in \"Happy Christmas\", \"We'll Never Have Paris\" (both 2014), \"The Intervention\", \"Rainbow Time\", \"Little Boxes\" (all 2016),", "id": "16530033" }, { "contents": "Logan Lerman\n\n\nand 2009's \"Gamer\" and \"My One and Only\". He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011's \"The Three Musketeers\", starred in the coming-of-age dramas \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"Indignation\" (2016) and \"The Vanishing of Sidney Hall\" (2017), and had major roles in the 2014 films \"Noah\" and \"Fury\". Lerman was born in Beverly Hills, California. His mother, Lisa (née Goldman),", "id": "16926849" }, { "contents": "Nicholas Braun\n\n\nNicholas Joseph Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his role in the HBO series \"Succession\" (2018) and has appeared in several films, including \"Sky High\" (2005), \"Princess Protection Program\" (2009), \"Red State\" (2011), \"Prom\" (2011), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"Date and Switch\" (2014), and \"How to Be Single", "id": "18903723" }, { "contents": "John Malkovich\n\n\n\" (2001), \"Juno\" (2007), and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012). Malkovich was born in Christopher, Illinois, and grew up in Benton, Illinois. His father, Daniel Leon Malkovich (19261980), was a state conservation director and publisher of \"Outdoor Illinois\", a conservation magazine. His mother, Joe Anne (\"née\" Choisser; 19282009), owned \"The Benton Evening News\", as well as \"Outdoor Illinois\". Malkovich has", "id": "9759578" }, { "contents": "Johnny Simmons\n\n\nJohnny James Simmons (born November 28, 1986) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Dylan Baxter in \"Evan Almighty\" (2007), Chip Dove in \"Jennifer's Body\" (2009), \"Young Neil\" Nordegraf in \"Scott Pilgrim vs. the World\" (2010), Brad Hayes in \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), Shane in \"Girlboss\", and Peter Newmans in \"The Late Bloomer\". Simmons was born in Montgomery, Alabama", "id": "11634052" }, { "contents": "Emma Watson\n\n\nmillion. Watson continued to work outside of the \"Harry Potter\" films, appearing in the 2007 television adaptation of the novel \"Ballet Shoes\" and lending her voice to \"The Tale of Despereaux\" (2008). Following the last \"Harry Potter\" film, she took on starring and supporting roles in \"My Week with Marilyn\" (2011), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012) and \"The Bling Ring\" (2013), made an appearance as an exaggerated version of herself", "id": "17175606" }, { "contents": "Stephen Chbosky\n\n\nseason of \"Jericho\" received lackluster ratings, and CBS canceled the show in May 2007. A grassroots campaign to revive the series convinced CBS to renew the series for a second season, which premiered on February 12, 2008, before being canceled once more in March 2008. Chbosky wrote the screenplay of and directed the film \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", based on his novel. Production took place in mid-2011, and the film was released in fall 2012. The film starred Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and", "id": "3026997" }, { "contents": "Ezra Miller\n\n\nEzra Matthew Miller (born September 30, 1992) is an American actor. Miller's feature film debut was in \"Afterschool\" (2008). Miller starred as Kevin in the drama \"We Need to Talk About Kevin\" (2011) and co-starred in the film adaptation of \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012). In 2015, Miller co-starred in the drama \"The Stanford Prison Experiment\" and the comedy \"Trainwreck\". Miller played Credence Barebone in the \"Fantastic Beasts", "id": "10985831" }, { "contents": "Reece Thompson\n\n\nfeatured in \"Afterwards\", a French-Canadian film production released in Europe in 2009. In 2010, Thompson played a small-town stoner in \"Daydream Nation\". That same year, Thompson appeared as the sensitive Marshall in \"Ceremony\". In 2011, Thompson featured in the film \"Bloodworth\". In 2012, Thompson appeared in the film \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", based on the popular novel of the same name. He currently lives part-time in Vancouver, British Columbia,", "id": "22077920" }, { "contents": "Ezra Miller\n\n\na woman. I barely identify as a human.\" Additionally, Miller has started to use all pronouns interchangeably. On June 28, 2011, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, while shooting \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", Miller was a passenger in a vehicle that was pulled over for a broken brake light, and police discovered 20 grams of marijuana in their possession. Initially, Miller was charged with drug possession, but the charge was later dropped by a judge. Instead, Miller faced a penalty of $600", "id": "10985840" }, { "contents": "Landon Pigg\n\n\naccount. One posting was promoting \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". He also posted an in-the-making video of \"Little Darlin'\". Before that he had several videos of his pets, and played two unreleased songs acoustically. \"Young at Heart\" was played on Halloween and \"The Foggiest\" was uploaded in 2012. Along with those he did a series of acoustic renditions of his songs called, \"Backyard Sessions\". Each of these songs were played in his backyard, or in", "id": "3276406" }, { "contents": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show\n\n\nThat '70s Show\", and \"American Dad!\" spotlight \"Rocky Horror\", as do films such as \"Vice Squad\" (1982), \"Halloween II\" (2009), and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012). The 1980 film \"Fame\" featured the audience reciting their callback lines to the screen and dancing the Time Warp, the dance from the stage show and film, which has become a novelty dance at parties. Director Rob Zombie cited \"Rocky Horror\"", "id": "5934882" }, { "contents": "The Samples\n\n\nDay of Rock in 2011 and have continued to tour with many more dates planned for the future. A biopic documentary about the band titled \"The Best Band You've Never Heard\" was produced in 2012 by Besame films. It is currently only available on YouTube. The song \"Could It Be Another Change\" from the band's debut album was used in the 2012 film \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". In June 2013, The Samples returned to the studio to begin working on a new album. Their", "id": "918006" }, { "contents": "Johnny Simmons\n\n\n21 Jump Street\" (2012). The film opened at South by Southwest on March 12, and was released theatrically on March 16, 2012. Also in 2012, Simmons co-starred as the closeted quarterback Brad Hayes, alongside Logan Lerman, Emma Watson, and Ezra Miller, in the teen drama \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". The film is an adaptation of the Stephen Chbosky novel of the same name. In February 2013, he was cast in The CW's television drama film \"Blink\"", "id": "11634055" }, { "contents": "Love Letters to the Dead\n\n\n, and makes peace with her place in it. She learns that, however dark our secrets, the only way out from the shadows is to stand in the light. In 2014 Karen Coats, \"Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books\", found the book, \"Reminiscent of Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower...powerfully emotional stuff\" Jeanne Fredriksen, \"The Booklist\" stated in 2014, \"Well paced and cleverly plotted, this debut uses a fresh, new voice to tell a sometimes sad", "id": "15805814" }, { "contents": "Theo Stockman\n\n\nStockman. He graduated from Concord Academy in 2003. While there, he was an active member of the theatre program, performing as Nick Bottom in \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" and multiple characters in \"The Laramie Project\". In his senior year of high school, Stockman adapted \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" for the stage and directed it as part of the Academy's Directors Seminar. Stockman graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in drama in 2007", "id": "2176726" }, { "contents": "Noah Galvin\n\n\n, and many others. His audiobook work includes Stephen Chbosky's \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" and Matthew Quick's \"Forgive Me, Leonard Peacock\". In August 2017, Galvin was named as a temporary replacement for the title role in \"Dear Evan Hansen\", after the departure of Ben Platt. Galvin assumed the role on November 21, 2017 and played his final performance on February 4, 2018. Noah is also the narrator for the character Arthur in \"What If It's Us\", a", "id": "2771146" }, { "contents": "Fort Pitt Tunnel\n\n\nYork Times\" as \"the best way to enter an American city\". The vantage was the inspiration for the news opening on Pittsburgh's KDKA-TV for several years in the 1980s and 1990s, and is referenced in Stephen Chbosky's novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". The Fort Pitt Tunnel is the third-longest automobile tunnel in Pittsburgh, following the Liberty Tunnels and the Squirrel Hill Tunnel. It is one of four major tunnels passing beneath Mount Washington, including the Liberty Tunnels and the Wabash Tunnel", "id": "4975650" }, { "contents": "Ezra Miller\n\n\nShowtime hit comedy series \"Californication\". Miller appeared on \"Royal Pains\" as Tucker Bryant for two seasons. In the 2012 film adaptation of the novel \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" Miller played Patrick, alongside Logan Lerman and Emma Watson. Miller has been credited with singing, drumming and percussion on musical recordings by the band Sons of an Illustrious Father, as early as 2011. The band is a trio that features Lilah Larson (vocals, guitar, bass and drums), Josh Aubin (bass,", "id": "10985836" }, { "contents": "Fort Pitt Bridge\n\n\n, Fort Pitt Bridge Co., and J.C. Jackanic Inc. The Fort Pitt Bridge is part of a sequence from \"The Song Remains the Same\" (1976), a documentary of Led Zeppelin's 1973 tour. Many other Pittsburgh landmarks are also shown, including the Liberty Bridge and its tunnels. It also features prominently in the 2012 film \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" The bridge also appears in the 1993 film \"Striking Distance\" and the 2011 film \"Abduction\". The early promotional images for \"The Last", "id": "11435165" }, { "contents": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower\n\n\nthe June 23, 2012 list, and had 1.5 million copies in print in November 2012. As of May 11, 2014 it appeared on \"The New York Times\" top 10 list for the 71st non-consecutive week, and was in the top 15 on the November 23 list. It premiered on September 8, 2012 at the Toronto International Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United States by Summit Entertainment on September 21. According to Metacritic it has received \"generally favorable reviews\", with an average", "id": "12834673" }, { "contents": "The Catcher in the Rye\n\n\ninfluence, and works inspired by the novel have been said to form their own genre. Sarah Graham assessed works influenced by \"The Catcher in the Rye\" to include the novels \"Less Than Zero\" by Bret Easton Ellis, \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" by Stephen Chbosky, \"A Complicated Kindness\" by Miriam Toews, \"The Bell Jar\" by Sylvia Plath, \"Ordinary People\" by Judith Guest, and the film \"Igby Goes Down\" by Burr Steers. Fantasy writer Harry Turtledove has written", "id": "15106614" } ]

[ { "contents": "Lleyton Hewitt\n\n\nLleyton Glynn Hewitt (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian professional tennis player and former world No. 1. He is the last Australian to win a men's singles Grand Slam title. In November 2001 Hewitt became the youngest male ever to be ranked No. 1 in the world in singles at the age of . He won 30 singles titles and 3 doubles titles, his highlights being the 2001 US Open and 2002 Wimbledon men's singles titles, the 2000 US Open men's doubles title, back-to-", "id": "18169861" }, { "contents": "Yevgeny Kafelnikov\n\n\nYevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov ( ; born 18 February 1974) is a Russian former world No. 1 tennis player. He won two Grand Slam singles titles, the 1996 French Open and the 1999 Australian Open. He also won four Grand Slam doubles titles, being the last man to have won both the men's singles and doubles titles at the same Grand Slam tournament, which he did at the 1996 French Open. Kafelnikov won the gold medal in the men's singles tournament at the 2000 Olympic Games, and was finalist at", "id": "16531354" }, { "contents": "2015 Australian Open\n\n\nThe 2015 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park from 19 January to 1 February 2015. It was the 103rd edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion in men's singles but lost to four-time Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic in the semi-finals. Reigning women's champion Li Na did not defend her title, as she retired from professional tennis in September, 2014. Novak Djokovic won an Open Era record fifth", "id": "10387138" }, { "contents": "Dylan Alcott\n\n\nwon the New Zealand Open in just his second tournament appearance. In January 2015, he won the quad wheelchair Australian Open title by defeating David Wagner in straight sets. It was his maiden grand slam title. At the conclusion on 2015, he was ranked number 1 after winning eight titles including two grand slam singles titles. In 2018, Alcott won his first Wheelchair Tennis Masters title in the Quads singles event. Source: Source: Alcott teamed up with Heath Davidson to win the Men's Quad Doubles gold medal at the", "id": "9015289" }, { "contents": "Demi Schuurs\n\n\nDemi Schuurs (born 1 August 1993) is a professional Dutch tennis player who has specialized in doubles. She has won ten doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one singles title and twenty doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 23 February 2015, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 512. On 22 October 2018, she peaked at No. 7 in the doubles rankings. Schuurs won the junior events of the doubles tournaments at 2011 Australian Open and 2011 US Open", "id": "13328668" }, { "contents": "2019 French Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nRafael Nadal was the two-time defending champion and won a record-extending twelfth French Open men's singles title, defeating Dominic Thiem in a rematch of the 2018 final, 6–3, 5–7, 6–1, 6–1. By winning the title, Nadal broke the all-time record for the most singles titles won by a player at the same Grand Slam tournament – a record he previously co-held with Margaret Court, who won the Australian Open eleven times. Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer were both attempting to achieve the", "id": "13378391" }, { "contents": "John Fitzgerald (tennis)\n\n\nJohn Basil Fitzgerald OAM (born 28 December 1960) is a former professional tennis player from Australia who played right-handed with a single-handed backhand. During his career, he won 6 top-tier singles titles and 30 tour doubles titles, including 7 Grand Slam doubles titles. He also achieved the career men's doubles Grand Slam (winning all four titles-the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open). He reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in 1991, teaming up with", "id": "8851905" }, { "contents": "Paul Whetnall\n\n\nPaul Whetnall (19 February 1947 – 1 May 2014) was an English badminton player who won national and international titles between 1968 and 1980. He was married to Susan Pound Whetnall who was an outstanding player of the same era. Whetnall was noted for his shot-making accuracy and tactical astuteness. In his most successful season, 1975–1976, Whetnall won the open men's singles crowns of South Africa, Scotland, Germany, and the USA, as well as his third and last English National singles title. In 1970 Whetnall", "id": "20181541" }, { "contents": "2015 Australian Handball Club Championship\n\n\nThe 2015 Australian Handball Club Championship is split into two parts. The first was the Beach Handball competition held in Glenelg, South Australia during February 2015 and the second is the Indoor titles which was held in March, 2015. Both were organised by the Australian Handball Federation and featured teams from New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, South Australia and hosts Western Australia. The Beach tournament was split into Men's, Women's and Mixed. The men's title was won by the St", "id": "13499074" }, { "contents": "Big Four (tennis)\n\n\ntitles in total. The dominance of the Big Four continued in 2012. Each player won one Grand Slam tournament: Djokovic won in Australia, Nadal in France, Federer at Wimbledon and Murray (who hired former world number 1 Ivan Lendl as his head coach earlier in the year) with his first Grand Slam tournament title at the US Open. This win, combined with winning the gold medal in the Olympic Games men's singles on Wimbledon's Centre Court with consecutive semi-final and final victories against Djokovic and Federer –", "id": "2580002" }, { "contents": "John Newcombe\n\n\nJohn David Newcombe, AO, OBE (born 23 May 1944) is a former tennis player from Australia who is one of the few men to have attained a world No. 1 ranking in both singles and doubles. At the majors he won seven singles titles and a former record 17 men's doubles titles. He also contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the majors. \"Tennis\" magazine rated him the 10th best male player of the period 1965–2005.", "id": "14691503" }, { "contents": "1976 Marlboro NSW Open\n\n\nThe 1976 New South Wales Open, also known by its sponsored name Marlboro New South Wales Open, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia. The men's was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit. It was the 84th edition of the event and was held from 26 December 1976 through 1 January 1977. The singles titles were won by Kerry Reid and 33-year-old Tony Roche. It was Roche's fourth singles", "id": "14121743" }, { "contents": "2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final\n\n\nthe first time since 2002. Contrasting Federer's consistent semi-finals and finals appearances in Grand Slams from 2015 Wimbledon onwards, Nadal failed to make a Grand Slam quarterfinal since the 2015 French Open. His last Grand Slam title win was the 2014 French Open and his last appearance in the Australian Open men's singles final was against Stan Wawrinka in 2014, which Wawrinka won in four sets. Nadal, however, won the Monte-Carlo Masters title in 2016, while Federer, for the first time since 2000, did", "id": "11259162" }, { "contents": "Bruce McGregor\n\n\nin 1927 on the day Bruce won his second Magarey Medal and son Ken McGregor (born 1929) who went on to play for both West Adelaide and South Australia with distinction in the 1950s. Ken also played tennis at the highest level including representing Australia in three Davis Cup-winning sides (1950, 1951 and 1952) and won the 1952 Australian Open tennis – Men's Singles title at Adelaide's Memorial Drive, as well as the 1951 and 1952 Australian, French and Wimbledon and 1951 US Open men's doubles championships", "id": "18590531" }, { "contents": "2010 French Open – Day-by-day summaries\n\n\nwon any Grand Slam women's singles titles before, this meant Francesca Schiavone became a first-time women's singles Grand Slam champion in this tournament. Rafael Nadal reclaimed the No. 1 men's singles ATP ranking, leaving Roger Federer only one week short of equalling Pete Sampras's record number of 286 weeks as the ATP No. 1 ranked men's singles player. This win is also the first time since the French Open 2004 that Roger Federer was knocked out by a player who hasn't won a grand slam tournament", "id": "20889471" }, { "contents": "An-Sophie Mestach\n\n\nAn-Sophie Mestach (born 7 March 1994) is a retired Belgian tennis player. In her career, Mestach won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as six singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 14 September 2015, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 98. On 1 February 2016, she peaked at No. 64 in the doubles rankings. Ghent-born Mestach won the junior events of the 2011 Australian Open in both singles and doubles", "id": "14848797" }, { "contents": "List of real tennis world champions\n\n\nwon and then defended five times by singles world champion Rob Fahey and Steve Virgona. They lost their title in the final set of the final match in 2015, in a championship held at Prested Hall (UK). The title now belongs to Camden Riviere and Tim Chisholm, who defended it successfully in the latest World Championship that took place in January 2019 in Hobart (Australia). Unlike the men's singles title, the women's title is earned in a tournament. The title holder must win her way through the", "id": "4494131" }, { "contents": "Annabelle McIntyre\n\n\nShe made West Australia's senior women's eight in 2015 and contested the Queen's Cup at the Interstate Regatta for WA in 2015, 2017 and 2018. In 2018 she was also Western Australia's single sculls entrant to race for the Nell Slatter Trophy at the Interstate Regatta. She placed third in the single scull. In 2019 she was seated in the West Australian women's eight who placed third in the Queen's Cup. In 2018 she crewed a composite Australian selection eight who won the open women's coxed eight title", "id": "7307826" }, { "contents": "Akira Santillan\n\n\nsemi-final at the 2015 Australian Open and doubles finals at the 2014 French Open and the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. In March 2015, Santillan opted to play under the Japanese flag instead due to a fractious relationship with Tennis Australia. He returned to playing under the Australian flag in 2017. Santillan has a career high ATP singles ranking of 160 achieved on 24 July 2017. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 265 achieved also on 17 July 2017. Santillan has won 6 ITF Futures singles titles and 1 ITF", "id": "4398602" }, { "contents": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\n\n\nRoger Federer won the title, winning a record eighth Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles tennis title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. With the win, Federer surpassed Pete Sampras and William Renshaw, who had each won it seven times. Federer also became only the second man in the Open era, after Björn Borg in 1976, to win Wimbledon without losing a set. This was Federer's 70th appearance at a Grand Slam, tying the record for male", "id": "9152796" }, { "contents": "1980 World Outdoor Bowls Championship\n\n\nThe 1980 Men's World Outdoor Bowls Championship was held at the City of Frankston Bowling Club in Frankston, Melbourne, Australia, from 17 January - 2 February 1980. The Australian government would not allow the South African team to compete because of the South African policy of apartheid. David Bryant won his second singles title following his triumph in the 1966 competition. Australia won the Pairs, England won the Triples and Hong Kong won the Fours. The Leonard Trophy went to England who beat Australia into first place by virtue of having", "id": "1839640" }, { "contents": "2012 French Open – Men's singles final\n\n\nThe 2012 French Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2012 French Open, with Rafael Nadal defeating Novak Djokovic 6–4, 6–3, 2–6, 7–5. It was a Major final match of historic proportions for both players. Nadal was looking to become the first man to win seven French Open titles, thus breaking the record previously held by Björn Borg, who won six titles, and equalling the record held by Chris Evert, who won seven titles. Djokovic was trying to", "id": "21678913" }, { "contents": "Novak Djokovic\n\n\nNovak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Djokovic has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 33 ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles, 12 ATP Tour 500 titles, and has held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for over 250 weeks. In majors, he has won a record seven Australian Open titles, five Wimbledon titles,", "id": "7145835" }, { "contents": "Akira Tozawa\n\n\nand Shachihoko Boy, forming a stable named Monster Express. On December 22, Tozawa and Takagi defeated Naruki Doi and Yamato to win the Open the Twin Gate Championship. They lost the title to Eita and T-Hawk on July 20, 2014. On February 28, 2015, Tozawa won his first singles title in Dragon Gate, when he defeated Kzy for the Open the Brave Gate Championship. On March 29, Tozawa also won the Open the Owarai Gate Championship by defeating Yosuke♥Santa Maria. On November 1,", "id": "12342914" }, { "contents": "David Palmer (squash player)\n\n\nDavid Troy Palmer (born 28 June 1976 in Lithgow, New South Wales) is a professional squash player from Australia. He won the Super Series finals in 2002, the World Open in 2002 and 2006; the British Open in 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2008; and the Australian Open in 2008. He attained World No. 1 ranking in September 2001 and again (for one month) in February 2006. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games, Palmer won a men's singles Silver Medal after losing in the final to", "id": "522256" }, { "contents": "Alexandra Nancarrow\n\n\nAlexandra Nancarrow (born 1 September 1993 in Canberra) is an Australian tennis player. Nancarrow has a WTA singles career high ranking of 385 achieved on 10 November 2014. She also has a WTA doubles career high ranking of 346 achieved on 2 February 2015. Nancarrow has won 2 ITF singles title as well as 16 ITF doubles titles. Nancarrow made her WTA tour debut at the 2015 Hobart International, in the doubles event partnering Storm Sanders. The following week, she made her senior Grand Slam debut at the 2015 Australian Open", "id": "17806868" }, { "contents": "Johanna Konta\n\n\nJohanna Konta (born 17 May 1991) is a British professional tennis player who represented Australia until 2012. She has won three singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as 11 singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. The current British number one reached her best singles ranking of world No. 4 on 17 July 2017. She has reached the semis of the Australian Open, Wimbledon and the French Open. Konta achieved a steep rise in her ranking from the spring of 2015 to late 2016,", "id": "17259017" }, { "contents": "Lucie Šafářová\n\n\nLucie Šafářová (; born 4 February 1987) is a retired Czech tennis player. She won seven singles titles and fifteen doubles titles on WTA Tour. She reached her first Grand Slam quarterfinal at the 2007 Australian Open, upsetting defending champion Amélie Mauresmo in the fourth round, her first Grand Slam semifinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and her first Grand Slam final at the 2015 French Open. She also won the 2015 Australian Open, 2015 French Open, 2016 US Open, 2017 Australian Open and 2017 French Open women's doubles titles", "id": "3333226" }, { "contents": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\n\n\non grass and one to one in grand slam finals. This was the first time the top two seeds had met in a men's grand slam final since the 2014 French Open, which pitted Rafael Nadal (1) against Djokovic (2). Federer, a winner of 17 grand slams, was appearing in his 26th grand slam final and tenth Wimbledon final. He was seeking a record eighth Wimbledon title, which would rank him above Pete Sampras, who won the tournament seven times. Djokovic, a winner of eight", "id": "8072955" }, { "contents": "Andrés Gómez\n\n\nHe won five doubles titles in 1980, and seven in 1981. In 1986, Gómez attained the world No. 1 doubles ranking. He won seven doubles events that year, including the US Open men's doubles title (partnering Slobodan Živojinović). Gómez won a second Grand Slam men's doubles title in 1988 at the French Open (partnering Emilio Sánchez). His first top-level singles title came in 1981 in Bordeaux. He then won the Italian Open in 1982, beating Eliot Teltscher in the final in three", "id": "10239433" }, { "contents": "Bernard Tomic career statistics\n\n\nThis is a list of the main career statistics of professional Australian tennis player, Bernard Tomic. To date, Tomic has reached one Grand Slam quarterfinal at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships and won three ATP singles titles including two consecutive titles at the Claro Open Colombia from 2014–2015. He was also a quarterfinalist at the 2015 BNP Paribas Open, the 2015 Shanghai Rolex Masters, the 2016 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles and part of the team which reached the semifinals of the 2015 Davis Cup. He also reached the fourth round", "id": "3242349" }, { "contents": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\n\n\nfourteen major singles titles a month earlier at the 2009 French Open and was seeking to set a new standard of excellence in the men's game by capturing an unprecedented fifteenth championship. Former world number 1 Andy Roddick was looking to capture his first Wimbledon title and second Grand Slam, having won the 2003 US Open. The 2009 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the fourth Grand Slam final that Federer and Roddick had contested and by far the most competitive. Federer had won all of the previous finals at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships,", "id": "21763782" }, { "contents": "1969 New South Wales Open\n\n\nThe 1969 New South Wales Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia. The tournament was held from 13 January through 19 January 1969. It was the 77th edition of the event and the first one in the Open era of tennis. The singles titles were won by Margaret Court and fourth-seeded Tony Roche. It was Roche's second singles title after 1967 and he won AUS$3,594 first-prize money. Court earned AUS$1,537 for her singles", "id": "13855924" }, { "contents": "Constant Lestienne\n\n\nConstant Lestienne (; born 23 May 1992) is a French professional tennis player. He competes mainly on the ITF Men's Circuit and ATP Challenger Tour. He has won two ATP Challenger Tour singles titles. In addition, he has won five singles titles and three doubles titles in the ITF Men's Circuit. Lestienne reached his first career ATP Tour singles main draw (where he lost in the first round to Pablo Carreño Busta) at the 2015 Estoril Open after winning two singles qualifying matches. In September 2016 Lestienne was suspended", "id": "18630894" }, { "contents": "Flavia Pennetta\n\n\nFlavia Pennetta (; born 25 February 1982) is a retired Italian professional tennis player and Grand Slam champion in both singles and doubles. She became Italy's first top-ten female singles player on 17 August 2009 and the first Italian to be ranked world No. 1 in doubles on 28 February 2011. She became a Grand Slam singles champion, winning the US Open in 2015 by defeating her childhood friend Roberta Vinci in the first all-Italian Grand Slam final. Pennetta won ten other WTA singles titles, including the 2014", "id": "15315894" }, { "contents": "John McEnroe\n\n\nJohn Patrick McEnroe Jr. (born February 16, 1959) is an American retired tennis player. He was known for his shot-making artistry and volleying skills, but also for confrontational on-court behavior that frequently landed him in trouble with umpires and tennis authorities. McEnroe attained the No. 1 ranking in both singles and doubles, finishing his career with 77 singles and 78 doubles titles; this remains the highest men's combined total of the Open Era. He won seven Grand Slam singles titles, four at the US", "id": "16137931" }, { "contents": "2015 German Open\n\n\nThe 2015 German Open (also known as the bet–at–home Open 2015 for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 109th edition of the German Open and part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, Germany, from 27 July through 2 August 2015. First-seeded Rafael Nadal won the singles title. The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: The", "id": "5211986" }, { "contents": "2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nRoger Federer won his fifth Australian Open title, and 18th Major title overall, defeating Rafael Nadal in the final 6–4, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2017 Australian Open. With the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least five titles at three Grand Slam tournaments (five at the Australian Open, seven at Wimbledon and five at the US Open). The win was also Federer's first title on the ATP tour in over 12 months;", "id": "19040158" }, { "contents": "Juan Carlos Ferrero\n\n\nJuan Carlos Ferrero Donat (; born 12 February 1980) is a Spanish former world No. 1 retired professional tennis player. He won the men's singles title at the 2003 French Open, and in September of that year, became the 21st player to hold the world No. 1 ranking. He was also runner-up at the 2002 French Open and 2003 US Open. His nickname was \"Mosquito\" due to his speed and slight physical build. Ferrero retired from the game after the 2012 Valencia Open 500, returning", "id": "10945937" }, { "contents": "Marcus Ellis\n\n\nteamed up with Chris Langridge. They won their first men's doubles title in December 2014 in the Italian Open, and their first title in the English National Badminton Championships in February 2015, which they won again in 2016. They also won the Welsh International in 2015. They were defeated in the 2016 European Championships in La Roche-sur-Yon in the semi-finals to gain a bronze. They have also won medals in the European Team Championships – a silver in the Mixed Team in 2015, and a bronze", "id": "1904810" }, { "contents": "2006 Rafael Nadal tennis season\n\n\nThe 2006 Rafael Nadal tennis season started in February as Nadal missed the Australian Open because of a foot injury. Nadal won five singles titles in 2006. In February, Nadal lost in the semifinals of the first tournament he played, the Open 13 tournament in Marseille, France. Two weeks later, he handed Roger Federer his first loss of the year in the final of the Dubai Duty Free Men's Open (in 2006, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray were the only two men who defeated Federer). To complete the", "id": "13157251" }, { "contents": "2010 French Open – Day-by-day summaries\n\n\nsingle No. 1 ranking in tennis since Rafael Nadal won the 2010 French Open men's singles title. Also, since Nadal became the 2010 French Open men's singles champion, Federer was left only one week short of equalling Pete Sampras's record number of 286 weeks as the ATP No. 1 ranked men's singles player. This day decided the last two of the four semifinalists in the women's singles. Since none of the four semifinalists (Samantha Stosur, Jelena Janković, Francesca Schiavone, and Elena Dementieva) had", "id": "20889470" }, { "contents": "2019 ITTF Pan-America Cup\n\n\nThe 2019 ITTF Pan-America Cup was a table tennis competition that took place from 1–3 February in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, organised under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Men's singles and women's singles events were held. Brazil's Hugo Calderano retained the men's singles title he won for the first time in 2018, while Adriana Díaz of Puerto Rico won the women's singles title for the first time. The winners and runners-up in each event qualified automatically for the 2019 Men", "id": "123728" }, { "contents": "Ippei Kojima\n\n\nIppei Kojima (born 1944) is a former Japanese badminton player who won a record eight Japanese national men's singles titles and some major international titles between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s. His game was marked by exceptional foot speed, great tenacity, and power surprising for a man who was about five feet (1.524 meters) tall. Kojima is the first of only two Japanese players to have won men's singles at the prestigious Danish Open (1970). He also shared the Danish Open men's doubles title, with", "id": "3743189" }, { "contents": "John McEnroe\n\n\nWimbledon Doubles title, followed shortly by a win in the US Open Doubles. That same week, McEnroe won men's singles US Open title, his first Grand Slam singles title. He defeated his friend Vitas Gerulaitis in straight sets in the final to become the youngest male winner of the singles title at the US Open since Pancho Gonzales, who was also 20 in 1948. He also won the prestigious season-ending WCT Finals, beating Björn Borg in four sets. McEnroe won 10 singles and 17 doubles titles that year", "id": "16137939" }, { "contents": "1968 British Hard Court Championships\n\n\nenter and in the men's singles event made up the first six seeds. The tournament started on 22 April at 1:43 p.m. when John Clifton served and won the first point of the open era. Clifton lost his first-round match to Owen Davidson who thus became the first winner of an open era tennis match. Ken Rosewall won the men's singles title, taking home $2,400, while runner-up Rod Laver received $1,200. Their final was suspended in the second set due to rain and was finished the", "id": "3848350" }, { "contents": "Henri Leconte\n\n\nHenri Leconte (born 4 July 1963) is a former French professional tennis player. He reached the men's singles final at the French Open in 1988, won the French Open men's doubles title in 1984, and helped France win the Davis Cup in 1991. Leconte's career-high singles ranking was world No. 5. Leconte first came to the tennis world's attention as an outstanding junior player who won the French Open junior title in 1981. He turned professional that year and won his first career doubles title", "id": "15413256" }, { "contents": "Greg Ball (cyclist)\n\n\nhe once again won the 1 km time trial event at the World Titles. At the 2004 Athens Games, he won two gold medals in the Men's 1 km Time Trial Bicycle LC1–4 and Men's Team Sprint LC1–4/CP 3/4 events. At the 2008 Beijing Games, he won a bronze medal in the Men's 1 km Time Trial LC3–4 event. On 4 February 2011, he broke a world record in the C1 men's 1 km time trial at the Scody Cycling Australia Track National Championships; it was the", "id": "16779681" }, { "contents": "List of Grand Slam related tennis records\n\n\nPlayers with at least 5 singles titles during the Open Era. Players who reached at least 10 singles finals during the Open Era. Titles won are within parentheses. Men Women These players did not lose a set during the course of their listed title runs. Men Women These players won the title of the final Grand Slam tournament they played. Men Women These players saved at least one match point during their listed title runs. Note that the round of the tournament in which match points were saved is listed as follows: .", "id": "11506517" }, { "contents": "Pablo Cuevas\n\n\nPablo Gabriel Tito Cuevas Urroz (; born January 1, 1986) is an Uruguayan professional tennis player. Cuevas won the 2008 French Open men's doubles title with Luis Horna. He has won six singles titles and has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 19. Cuevas' career-high doubles ranking is World no. 14, which he achieved in April 2009. At the 2007 French Open, Cuevas and Argentine partner Carlos Berlocq made the third round of the men's doubles tournament. Cuevas won the Tunica", "id": "19548485" }, { "contents": "Yuval Freilich\n\n\nthe World Men's Épée Junior Championships. In March 2015 Freilich again won the European Men's Épée Junior Championships. In 2015 he was the #1 ranked junior épée fencer in the world. In February 2016 he won a Men's Épée bronze medal at the Peter Bakonyi World Cup in Vancouver, Canada. On June 18, 2019, Freilich won Israel’s first European fencing title in the men’s individual épée tournament at the 2019 European Fencing Championships in Düsseldorf, Germany. Israel’s first European medal had been won by", "id": "17596404" }, { "contents": "List of French Open men's singles champions\n\n\nthis record belongs to Andrés Gimeno, who was 34 years and 9 months old when he won in 1972. French players have won the most French Open men's singles titles, with 38 victories, followed by Spanish (18) and Australian players (11). The current champion is Rafael Nadal who beat Dominic Thiem in the 2019 final to win his twelfth French Open title. The French Open was established in 1891 and was originally known as the French Championships. The tournament was only open to French players or foreign players", "id": "3535210" }, { "contents": "Andy Thomson (bowls)\n\n\nwon the 1994 and 1995 World Indoor Bowls Championships Men's Singles title. In 1996 he was part of the Men's Fours who won the World Championships in Adelaide, Australia. In 2008 & 2010 he won the pairs title with Ian Bond and also became World Matchplay champion in 2008. At the WBT 2010 Awards Dinner he was awarded the 'Lifetime Achievement' Award as well as picking up his third World Indoor Pairs title. In 2012 Andy Thomson won his third World Indoor Singles title, 17 years after his previous success", "id": "3485017" }, { "contents": "Andrew Whittington (tennis)\n\n\nWhittington made his first singles appearance in April 2010 at the Australian F3 where he lost in round 1 to Brendan Moore. Throughout 2010/11, Whittington played mostly on the ITF circuits across Australia and the USA where he reached two quarter finals in singles. In 2011, Whittington began partnering Luke Saville in doubles. The pair won back-to-back ITF doubles titles in November. The pair were given a wild card into the 2012 Australian Open Men's doubles. They lost in round 1. In March 2012, Whittington began", "id": "7153592" }, { "contents": "Heinz Günthardt\n\n\nHeinz Peter Günthardt (born 8 February 1959) is a former tennis player from Switzerland, who won five singles titles during his professional career, including the Rotterdam WCT in 1980. In doubles, Günthardt captured a total number of 30 titles. The right-hander reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of world no. 22 in April 1986. Günthardt won the men's doubles at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships with Balázs Taróczy, and the mixed doubles at the 1985 US Open with Martina Navratilova. He was also a member", "id": "11059696" }, { "contents": "1970 New South Wales Open\n\n\nThe 1970 New South Wales Open, also known by its sponsored name Dunlop Open, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia. The tournament was held from 16 March through 22 March 1970. It was the 78th edition of the event and the second held in the Open era of tennis. The men's event consisted of a singles and doubles competition while the women only played a singles competition. The singles titles were won by Billie Jean", "id": "13856289" }, { "contents": "1992 NSW Open\n\n\nThe 1992 NSW Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the NSW Tennis Centre in Sydney, Australia that was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the 100th edition of the tournament and was held from 6 January through 12 January 1994. Emilio Sánchez and Gabriela Sabatini won the singles titles. Emilio Sánchez defeated Guy Forget, 6–3, 6–4 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, 6–1, 6–1 Sergio Casal", "id": "7098262" }, { "contents": "2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nNovak Djokovic won a record seventh Australian Open title, defeating Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–3, 6–2, 6–3 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2019 Australian Open. The match lasted two hours and four minutes. This was Djokovic's 15th Grand Slam title, surpassing Pete Sampras for third place on the all-time list, behind Federer and Nadal. He retained the ATP no. 1 singles ranking by reaching the fourth round. Nadal was also in contention for the top ranking at the start of", "id": "14698125" }, { "contents": "Ong Poh Lim\n\n\nHe won the Denmark Open men's doubles titles in 1950 and 1951 with Ismail Marjan. He also won the French Open men's singles and men's doubles titles in 1951, again with Ismail Marjan. Ong shared the All-England men's doubles title in 1954 with Ooi Teik Hock, having previously reached the finals of both singles and doubles at the All-Englands in 1951. As a pair, they also won the US Open men's doubles title in the same calendar year (1954). Ong played on", "id": "8561032" }, { "contents": "Martin Adams\n\n\nWorld Championship in a rematch of their first round match a year earlier. In February 2010 he won the Dutch Open title for the first time in his long career. The England captain triumphed 3–1 over international team-mate Scott Waites in the men's singles final in Veldhoven. Adams won his third successive World Masters title in 2010 by defeating Stuart Kellett 7–3 in the final, becoming only the second player in history to win three consecutive World Masters titles, the other being Bob Anderson. Adams reached his fourth World Championship final", "id": "17002312" }, { "contents": "2015 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nRoger Federer was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Novak Djokovic in the final, 7–6, 6–3. He also won the title without losing a set or having his serve broken; this was the second time he did so here, after his 2012 title. It marked the first time Federer toppled the No. 1 and No. 2 players in consecutive matches en route to a title. It was Djokovic's 5th runners-up finish without winning the title. The top eight seeds receive a bye into", "id": "13896292" }, { "contents": "Kento Momota\n\n\n-15. In 2019 he also won the German Open, Singapore Open and Japan Open on home soil on the BWF World Tour confirming his number 1 position on the world ranking. Earlier in the year on April 28, 2019 he won his second Asian badminton championship title at Wuhan, China beating home favorite Shi Yuqi in three games 12-21, 21-18, 21-8. \"Men's singles\" \"Men's singles\" \"Boys' singles\" \"Boys' singles\" The BWF World Tour", "id": "2134831" }, { "contents": "Radu Albot\n\n\nRadu Albot (born 11 November 1989) is a Moldovan professional tennis player. He is the first player from Moldova to win ATP singles (2019 Delray Beach Open) and doubles (2015 Istanbul Open) titles. Albot has won 1 ATP World Tour singles title, 1 ATP World Tour doubles title, 7 singles and 8 doubles Challenger titles in his career, as well as 14 singles and 7 doubles Futures titles. He has been a regular member of the Moldovan Davis Cup team since 2007 and holds his country's records", "id": "5349843" }, { "contents": "Emilio Sánchez\n\n\nwon his first top-level singles title in Nice, France in 1986. He won 15 singles titles during his career, including the Italian Open (Tennis Masters Series event) in 1991. His career-high singles ranking was World No. 7. In men's doubles, Sánchez captured 50 men's doubles titles, including three at Grand Slam events. In 1988, he won the men's doubles titles at both the French Open (with Andrés Gómez) and the US Open (with Sergio Casal). He", "id": "21993599" }, { "contents": "James Baily\n\n\nJames Baily (born 1 February 1975) is a British former professional tennis player who won the boys' singles title at the 1993 Australian Open. Born in Portsmouth, Baily is originally from Curbridge, a village in Hampshire. At the 1993 Australian Open, a day before his 18th birthday, Baily defeated New Zealander Steven Downs in the boys' singles final. This made him the first British player in 28 years to win a junior grand slam title, since Gerald Battrick in 1965. Bailey, who was coached by Steve", "id": "19107775" }, { "contents": "Blake Ellis (tennis)\n\n\nBlake Ellis (born 6 January 1999) is an Australian tennis player. Ellis has a career high ATP singles ranking of 350 on 7 January 2019. Ellis won the 2016 Australian Open boys' doubles championships alongside Alex De Minaur. Ellis made his senior debut in October 2014 at the Australia F7, where he lost in round 1. Between 2015–17, Ellis competed in the ITF Men's Circuit around Australia, Asia, and Europe, with his best result in that time period being a semi-final appearance in the August", "id": "627870" }, { "contents": "Vitas Gerulaitis\n\n\nlater considered one of the greatest of the decade. In 1977 Gerulaitis won the most significant title of his career at the Australian Open, when he defeated John Lloyd in the men's singles final in five sets. In 1978 Gerulaitis won the year-end championship WCT Finals for the World Championship Tennis tour, beating Eddie Dibbs 6–3, 6–2, 6–1. By 1978 he was the third-ranked men's singles player in the world. In 1979 Gerulaitis lost in the men's singles finals at the US Open to fellow", "id": "2985580" }, { "contents": "Ong Poh Lim\n\n\nalso created history by capturing the Singapore Open singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles over three consecutive years, from 1953 to 1955. Ong held the Malaysia Open men's singles title two times in 1954 and 1956, the men's doubles title four times in 1950, 1953, 1956 with Ismail Marjan and in 1955 with Ooi Teik Hock. Ong also won many international titles in his tour of Europe and US. He won both the Irish Open men's singles and men's doubles titles in 1949 with Lim Kee Fong.", "id": "8561031" }, { "contents": "Wang Tzu-wei\n\n\nWang Tzu-wei (Chinese: 王子維; born 27 February 1995) is a Taiwanese badminton player. He won his first international title at the 2014 New Zealand Open tournament. In 2016, he also won the Grand Prix title at the Dutch Open. \"Men's singles\" \"Boys' singles\" \"Boys' singles\" The BWF Grand Prix has two levels, Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. \"", "id": "16503903" }, { "contents": "Javier Sánchez\n\n\nJavier Sánchez Vicario (; born 1 February 1968) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. Sánchez won the US Open junior title in 1986, and then turned professional. He won his first professional doubles titles in 1987. His first top-level singles title came in 1988 at Buenos Aires. During his career he won a total of four top-level singles titles and 26 doubles titles. He reached the quarterfinals of the US Open in 1991 and 1996, and the semifinals of the 1994 Hamburg Masters. His career", "id": "21529" }, { "contents": "1981 Italian Open (tennis)\n\n\n. The women's event was played from 4 May through 10 May 1981 while the men's event was organized from 18 May through 24 May 1981. Third-seeded José Luis Clerc won the men's singles title and the accompanying $24,000 first-prize money. The women's singles title was won by first-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd, her fourth Italian Open title after 1974, 1975 and 1980. José Luis Clerc defeated Víctor Pecci 6–3, 6–4, 6–0 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Virginia Ruzici 6–1, 6–2", "id": "13433910" }, { "contents": "Teliana Pereira\n\n\n2013, Pereira reached the semifinals of Copa Colsanitas as a qualifier, which boosted her singles ranking to 116. In February 2014, Pereira reached the semifinals of Rio Open. In April 2015, Pereira reached the final of Copa Colsanitas, where she won her first WTA title beating fifth seed Yaroslava Shvedova in straight sets to become the first Brazilian woman to win a WTA singles title since 1988, and jumping 130 places up the WTA rankings to No. 81. In July 2015 she won her second WTA title at the Brasil", "id": "3098873" }, { "contents": "2003 Siebel Open\n\n\nThe 2003 Siebel Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the HP Pavilion at San Jose in San Jose, California in the United States that was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It was the 114th edition of the tournament and was held from February 10 through February 16, 2003. First-seeded Andre Agassi won the singles title. Andre Agassi defeated Davide Sanguinetti 6–3, 6–1 Hyung-Taik Lee / Vladimir Voltchkov defeated Paul Goldstein / Robert Kendrick 7–5, 4–6, 6–3", "id": "19124425" }, { "contents": "Jordan Thompson (tennis)\n\n\nround at both. In February, Thompson made the semi-final of the Launceston Challenger before playing in Challenger events in Japan and China where his performance was a round 2. Thompson did win his first Challenger Doubles title with Ben Mitchell at Shimadzu Challenger. In March, Thompson returned to Australia where he won the F4 ITF title. In May, Thompson lost in round 1 of qualifying for the 2015 French Open before reaching the semi final of the Romanian F4. In June, Thompson turned to grass where he lost in", "id": "16973935" }, { "contents": "2015 PTT Thailand Open\n\n\nThe 2015 PTT Thailand Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 24th and last edition of the PTT Thailand Open and part of the International category on the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place at the Dusit Thani Hotel in Pattaya City, Thailand from 9 February until 15 February 2015. Unseeded Daniela Hantuchová won the singles title, her third at the event after 2011 and 2012, and earned $43,000 first-prize money. br The following players received wildcards into the main draw", "id": "9128646" }, { "contents": "2006 French Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nRafael Nadal was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title in the final 1–6, 6–1, 6–4, 7–6, against Roger Federer. This was Federer's first defeat in a grand slam final. Roger Federer had the chance to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slam tournaments at once, having won the preceding Wimbledon, U.S. Open and Australian Open titles. This feat would ultimately be achieved a decade later by Novak Djokovic, at the same tournament, who reached the quarterfinals at", "id": "8885875" }, { "contents": "Ashleigh Barty\n\n\nShe is the second Australian to be No. 1 in the WTA singles rankings after Evonne Goolagong Cawley. With CoCo Vandeweghe injured, Barty began to regularly partner with Victoria Azarenka. The pair reached the semifinals at the Miami Open and won their first title together at the Italian Open, a Premier 5 event. Barty also made her Fed Cup debut for Australia in 2013 at the age of 16, playing in two away ties. In their February defeat to the top-seeded Czech Republic, she lost the dead rubber doubles", "id": "21200179" }, { "contents": "2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nSecond-seeded Andre Agassi defeated Rainer Schüttler 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2003 Australian Open. This was Agassi's eighth and last Grand Slam title, his first having come at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. Agassi's win in the final was his 21st consecutive match win at the Australian Open as he won the title in 2000 and 2001 (he skipped the 2002 event). Thomas Johansson was the defending champion, but he did not participate this year due to", "id": "9880303" }, { "contents": "2001 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament\n\n\nThe 2001 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at Rotterdam Ahoy in the Netherlands and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2001 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 19 February through 25 February 2001. Nicolas Escudé won the singles title. The singles line up featured World No. 1, US Open, Canada and Paris Masters champion Marat Safin, Sydney Olympics gold medalist and Moscow champion Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Washington and Toulouse champion Àlex Corretja. Also competing were Vienna and Brighton", "id": "10057859" }, { "contents": "Allan McDonald (tennis)\n\n\nAllan McDonald (born 1 March 1951) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. McDonald, a Sydney born player, represented the Australian Junior Davis Cup team in the late 1960s. He won the boys' singles title at the 1969 Australian Open and partnered with Greg Perkins to win the boys' doubles event at the 1970 Australian Open. On the men's circuit he competed until 1975 but was unable to replicate his junior success. His best performance in a grand slam tournament came at the 1971 Wimbledon Championships, where", "id": "17843283" }, { "contents": "1915 Australasian Championships\n\n\nThe 1915 Australasian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Auchenflower, Brisbane, Australia from 13 August January to 21 August. It was the 11th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 2nd held in Brisbane, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The men's singles title was won by Gordon Lowe. Gordon Lowe defeated Horace Rice 4–6, 6–1, 6–1, 6–4 Horace Rice / Clarence Todd defeated Gordon Lowe / Bert St John,", "id": "12518442" }, { "contents": "2015 AFC Asian Cup\n\n\nThe 2015 AFC Asian Cup was the 16th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It was held in Australia from 9 to 31 January 2015. The tournament was won by Australia after defeating South Korea 2–1 in extra time in the final, thereby earning the right to participate in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, which was hosted by Russia. The win was Australia's first Asian title since their move from the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)", "id": "18574576" }, { "contents": "Vera Lapko\n\n\nVera Valeryevna Lapko (; born 29 September 1998 in Minsk) is a Belarusian tennis player. She has won six singles titles and seven doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 1 October 2018, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 60. On 16 April 2018, she peaked at No. 84 in the doubles rankings. Lapko reached the 2014 US Open and 2015 Wimbledon girls' doubles finals, both times partnering Tereza Mihalíková. She won the 2016 Australian Open girls' singles title, defeating Mihalíková", "id": "2530388" }, { "contents": "John Marks (tennis)\n\n\nJohn M.P. Marks (born 9 December 1952) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. Marks is best remembered for finishing runner-up in singles at the 1978 Australian Open, defeating Arthur Ashe in the semifinals. As a result of this slam final appearance, he achieved his career-high singles ranking of World No. 44, after entering the tournament ranked No. 177. Marks never won a singles title during his career, but won 7 doubles titles and reached the semifinals of the men's doubles at the", "id": "14529454" }, { "contents": "2017 US Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nRafael Nadal won his 16th Major title and 3rd US Open title, defeating first time Major Title finalist Kevin Anderson, 6–3, 6–3, 6–4. Nadal retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking after Roger Federer lost in the quarterfinals. It was also Nadal's first hard court title since January 2014. Anderson was the first South African man to reach the US Open singles final since Cliff Drysdale at the 1965 and any Grand Slam singles final since Kevin Curren at the 1984 Australian Open, as well as the lowest-ranked", "id": "13469275" }, { "contents": "1970 New Zealand Open\n\n\nThe 1970 New Zealand Open, also known by its sponsored name Benson and Hedges Open, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts in Auckland, New Zealand from 26 January until 1 February 1970. Roger Taylor and Ann Jones won the singles titles. Roger Taylor defeated Tom Okker 6–4, 6–4, 6–1 Ann Jones defeated Kerry Melville 0–6, 6–4, 6–1 Dick Crealy / Ray Ruffels defeated John Alexander / Phil Dent 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6 Margaret Court / Ann Jones defeated Karen", "id": "7396393" }, { "contents": "Ken McGregor\n\n\nKenneth Bruce McGregor (2 June 1929 – 1 December 2007) was an Australian tennis player from Australia who won the Men's Singles title at the Australian Championships in 1952. He and his longtime doubles partner, Frank Sedgman, are generally considered one of the greatest men's doubles teams of all time and won the doubles Grand Slam in 1951. McGregor was also a member of three Australian Davis Cup winning teams in 1950–1952. In 1953, Jack Kramer induced both Sedgman and McGregor to turn professional. He was ranked as high", "id": "4281229" }, { "contents": "2015 Erste Bank Open\n\n\nThe 2015 Erste Bank Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 41st edition of the event, and part of the ATP World Tour 500 Series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria, from 19 October until 25 October 2015. David Ferrer won the singles title. The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw", "id": "255778" }, { "contents": "Jason Ho-shue\n\n\nJason Anthony Ho-Shue (born 29 August 1998) is a Canadian badminton player. In 2015, he got the triple crowns at the Pan Am Junior Badminton Championships in boys' singles, doubles, and mixed doubles event. In the mixed team event he won the bronze medal. In 2016, he became the youngest Canadian badminton player who won the national title in men's singles event. He also won double titles at the XX Pan Am Individual Championships in men's singles and doubles event. He represented his country", "id": "6603732" }, { "contents": "Jason Chee\n\n\nlate mother. At the ITTF 3rd Taichung Table Tennis Open for the Disabled in August 2015, Chee won a bronze for the men's singles Class 2 event. In December 2015 at the 2015 ASEAN Para Games, Chee helped Singapore win their first gold medal for para table tennis at the ASEAN Para Games by winning both his singles matches and his doubles match with team-mate Aaron Yeo. As a result, Singapore overcame Thailand 3–1 in the men's team Class 1–2 contest for the gold. In April 2017, Chee", "id": "2108029" }, { "contents": "Robert S. McCoig\n\n\nRobert S. McCoig (1937–1998) was a Scottish badminton player who won numerous national and international titles from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s. Though he captured a record fifteen Scottish National singles titles, as well as several Scottish Open singles titles, his greatest international victories came in doubles. He was especially successful in three North American forays which yielded a pair of U.S. Open men's doubles titles (1963, 1965), a pair of Canadian Open men's doubles titles (1963, 1969), and the mixed doubles title", "id": "15744788" }, { "contents": "Rhys Gemmell\n\n\nRice Thomas Hopkins Gemmell (1896–1972) was an Australian tennis player. Born in Caulfield, Victoria, by 1916 he was living in Claremont, Western Australia and was enlisted in World War 1 as a bombardier. Gemmell is best known for winning the 1921 Australasian Championships men's singles title, held at Perth, where he beat Alf Hedeman in the final. In the same year, he also won the men's doubles title, partnering Stanley Eaton. Gemmell was Western Australia's top player during the 1920s. In 1924 Gemmell", "id": "22033933" }, { "contents": "2013 US Open – Men's Singles\n\n\nAndy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Stan Wawrinka. Rafael Nadal won the title, defeating Novak Djokovic in the final to claim a second US Open title and win his thirteenth grand slam. The win moved him to 13 grand slam titles, and moved to third place on the all time men's singles Grand Slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson. Both Djokovic and Nadal were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament but Djokovic retained the top position", "id": "5932080" }, { "contents": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Day-by-day summaries\n\n\nwas Serena & Venus' third in Wimbledon, and the seventh overall together, since the 1999 French Open. The win also marked the third time the sisters won the doubles title of Wimbledon while one of them won the singles title, and the second in which they won the doubles while both of them played the singles final. The final Sunday, featuring the men's singles final, saw Rafael Nadal win the first Wimbledon title of his career and fifth Grand Slam tournament. No. 1 seed and five-time champion", "id": "21541894" }, { "contents": "2015 Aircel Chennai Open\n\n\nThe 2015 Aircel Chennai Open was a men's 2015 ATP World Tour tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 20th edition of the only ATP tournament taking place in India and took place at the SDAT Tennis Stadium in Chennai, India, from 5 January through 11 January 2015. Stan Wawrinka won the singles title. The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following pair received", "id": "12502525" }, { "contents": "1969 South African Open (tennis)\n\n\nThe 1969 South African Open was an independent combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Ellis Park in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was the 66th edition of the tournament and was held from 1 April through 12 April 1969. Rod Laver won the singles title in the men's division, while Billie Jean King won the singles titles in the women's. Rod Laver defeated Tom Okker 6–3, 10–8, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Nancy Richey 6–3, 6–4 Pancho Gonzales / Ray Moore defeated Bob", "id": "7375474" }, { "contents": "British Hard Court Championships\n\n\nOpen Era, taking place in April 1968. It started on 22 April at 1:43 p.m. when John Clifton served and won the first point of the open era. Ken Rosewall won the men's singles title, taking home $2,400, while runner-up Rod Laver received $1,200. Virginia Wade won the women's singles title, defeating Winnie Shaw in the final, but did not take home the winner's prize of $720 as she was still an amateur at the time of the tournament. She subsequently became the", "id": "5811974" }, { "contents": "Cameron Girdlestone\n\n\nSouth Wales in the men's single scull in the President's Cup event. In 2016 he was seated in the New South Wales state eight which placed second in the King's Cup that year. At the 2019 Australian Championships he won the open men's double scull national title with his SUBC clubmate Campbell Watts and he stroked a composite quad scull to win the open men's quad title. In 2019 was also the New South Wales representative sculler to contest the President's Cup at the Interstate Regatta. At the 2015 World", "id": "7894714" }, { "contents": "1993 Dubai Tennis Championships\n\n\nThe 1993 Dubai Tennis Championships, also known by its sponsored name Duty Free Dubai / BMW Tennis Open, was the inaugural edition of this men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts. The tournament was part of the World Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It took place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 1 February through 7 February 1993. Third-seeded Karel Nováček won the singles title. Karel Nováček defeated Fabrice Santoro 6–4 7–5 John Fitzgerald / Anders Järryd defeated Grant Connell / Patrick Galbraith 6–2, 6–1", "id": "2051778" }, { "contents": "Patryk Niemiec\n\n\nPatryk Damian Niemiec (born 18 February 1997) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national under-19 volleyball team and Polish club Trefl Gdańsk, U19 European Champion 2015, U19 World Champion 2015. On April 12, 2015 Poland men's national under-19 volleyball team, including Niemiec, won title of U19 European Champion 2015. They beat in final Italy U19 (3–1). He took part in European Youth Olympic Festival with Polish national U19 team. On August 1, 2015 he achieved gold medal (final", "id": "15439136" } ]

[ { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nscenes were shot at Compton Castle in Devon (Mr Willoughby's estate) and at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. Composer Patrick Doyle, who had previously worked with his friend Emma Thompson in the films \"Henry V\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", and \"Dead Again\", was hired to produce the music for \"Sense and Sensibility\". Asked by the director to select existing music or compose new \"gentle\" melodies, Doyle wrote a score that reflected the film's events. He explained,", "id": "13280814" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nher. While out walking with Margaret, Marianne falls and twists her ankle. She is rescued by a young man, who carries her back to the cottage. He introduces himself as John Willoughby (Dominic Cooper), and states that he will return to check on Marianne the following day. Brandon also comes to visit, but upon seeing Willoughby, he quickly departs. Willoughby and Marianne grow close through their mutual love of poetry, and he later takes a lock of her hair. Mrs. Dashwood and Elinor begin to speculate", "id": "13216487" }, { "contents": "John Willoughby\n\n\nJohn Willoughby is a fictional character in Jane Austen's 1811 novel \"Sense and Sensibility\". He is described as being a handsome young man with a small estate, but has expectations of inheriting his aunt's large estate. He is in love with Marianne who is also a character from the novel. John Willoughby first appears in \"Sense and Sensibility\" when he rescues Marianne Dashwood after she falls down a hill and twists her ankle during a rainstorm. Because of this action, he is known as \"Marianne's Preserver", "id": "11571287" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nill and unable to move, Colonel Brandon volunteers to swim to Barton Cottage and return with Mrs. Dashwood. This leaves Elinor and Mrs. Jennings to defend the \"Cleveland\". Hearing of Marianne's illness, Willoughby journeys to the \"Cleveland\" and helps Elinor booby-trap the vessel; he also explains that when torn between love of Marianne and the lure of Miss Grey's wealth, he chose the latter and was deeply regretful about it. Willoughby departs just as Pirate Dreadbeard and his men arrive. Elinor and Mrs. Jennings", "id": "120626" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nprovide a summary of Austen's novels, which she then translated into an embellished French that often radically altered Austen's plots and characters. The \"translation\" of \"Sense and Sensibility\" by Montolieu changes entire scenes and characters, for example having Marianne call Willoughby an \"angel\" and an \"Adonis\" upon first meeting him, lines that are not in the English original. Likewise, the scene where Mrs. Dashwood criticizes her husband for planning to subsidise his widowed stepmother might be disadvantageous to \"our little Harry\",", "id": "7767523" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nlooks and his similar tastes in poetry, music, art, and love. His attentions, and Marianne's behaviour, lead Elinor and Mrs Dashwood to suspect that the couple are secretly engaged. Elinor cautions Marianne against her unguarded conduct, but Marianne refuses to check her emotions. Willoughby engages in several intimate activities with Marianne, including taking her to see the home he expects to inherit one day and obtaining a lock of her hair. When an engagement, or at least the announcement of one, seems imminent, Mr Willoughby", "id": "7767480" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nnot visit or reply to her letters. During a party, Marianne finds Willoughby, but he barely acknowledges their acquaintance. Marianne later learns that he is engaged to the wealthy Miss Grey and becomes inconsolable. Brandon calls on the Dashwoods and explains to Elinor that Willoughby seduced then abandoned his young ward, Eliza Williams, who has given birth to his child. Mrs. Ferrars (Jean Marsh) learns of Edward's engagement to Lucy and threatens to disinherit him unless he calls it off, but Edward refuses. Brandon later offers him", "id": "13216490" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\non whether they have become secretly engaged. Brandon invites the Dashwoods and the Middletons to a party on his estate at Delaford, but before the trip can take place, he is called away on urgent business. Willoughby requests a private audience with both Mrs. Dashwood and Marianne, leading them both to expect that he will propose. However, Willoughby reveals that his aunt is sending him on business to London, and he may not be able to return to Devonshire for at least a year. Shortly after Willoughby's departure, Edward", "id": "13216488" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nand Mrs. Palmer, to visit. They bring with them Lucy Steele. Lucy confides in Elinor that she and Edward have been engaged secretly for five years. Mrs. Jennings takes Lucy, Elinor, and Marianne to London where they meet Willoughby at a ball. He greets Marianne uncomfortably and barely acknowledges their acquaintance, and they soon learn he is engaged to the extremely wealthy Miss Grey. Marianne becomes inconsolable. Colonel Brandon later explains to Elinor that Willoughby seduced and abandoned his ward Beth, the illegitimate daughter of his former love.", "id": "13280773" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nover Willoughby's marriage, goes walking in the rain and becomes dangerously ill. She is diagnosed with putrid fever, and it is believed that her life is in danger. Elinor writes to Mrs. Dashwood to explain the gravity of the situation, and Colonel Brandon volunteers to go and bring Marianne's mother to Cleveland to be with her. In the night, Willoughby arrives and reveals to Elinor that his love for Marianne was genuine and that losing her has made him miserable. He elicits Elinor's pity because his choice has made", "id": "7767489" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\n, pull Willoughby aside to question his intentions toward Marianne. Featuring a top-drawer cast, the filmmakers create several delicate moments – from Willoughby's elegant seduction of Marianne to the stoic Elinor's pining for the elusive Edward who, as played by Stevens, adorably stammers in a Hugh Grant-like way.\" Serena Davies from \"The Daily Telegraph\" praised the first episode, calling it \"faithful to the spirit of the book\" and stating that the series \"deftly stepped out of the shadows of two formidable predecessors", "id": "13216524" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\n, Marianne considers him incapable of feeling love or inspiring it in another. One afternoon, Marianne takes a walk with Margaret and slips and falls in the rain. She is carried home by the dashing John Willoughby, with whom Marianne falls in love. They spend a great deal of time together, but on the morning she expects him to propose marriage to her, he instead leaves hurriedly for London. Sir John's mother-in-law, Mrs. Jennings, invites her daughter and son-in-law, Mr.", "id": "13280772" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nPrejudice\", adapted \"Sense and Sensibility\" for television. As a reaction to what he said was Lee's overly \"sentimental\" film, this production features events found in the novel but excluded from Thompson's screenplay, such as Willoughby's seduction of Eliza and his duel with Brandon. It also features actors closer to the ages in the source material. \"Sense and Sensibility\" has maintained its popularity into the twenty-first century. In 2004, Louise Flavin referred to the 1995 film as \"the most popular", "id": "13280854" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nas that of Ann Steele, Lucy's sister. When adapting the characters for film, Thompson found that in the novel, \"Edward and Brandon are quite shadowy and absent for long periods,\" and that \"making the male characters effective was one of the biggest problems. Willoughby is really the only male who springs out in three dimensions.\" Several major male characters in \"Sense and Sensibility\" were consequently altered significantly from the novel in an effort to appeal to contemporary audiences. Grant's Edward and Rickman's Brandon", "id": "13280825" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\ncomes to visit, and the Dashwoods notice that he appears to be unhappy and distant. Mrs. Jennings' nieces, Lucy (Anna Madeley) and Anne Steele (Daisy Haggard), come to Barton Park. When Lucy learns that the Dashwoods are acquainted with the Ferrars, Lucy confides in Elinor that she and Edward have been secretly engaged for four years, news that devastates Elinor. Mrs. Jennings invites Elinor and Marianne to spend some time with her in London, and Marianne hopes she will see Willoughby. However, he does", "id": "13216489" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nnovelist\". He also admitted that due to the acclaim he received for his adaptation of \"Pride and Prejudice\", there was pressure on him to get \"Sense and Sensibility\" right. Davies later stated that the aim of the miniseries was to make viewers forget about Ang Lee's 1995 film adaptation of the novel. The opening episode of \"Sense and Sensibility\" features the moment Willoughby seduces Eliza, a young schoolgirl. Davies told Carey and Claire Hill from the \"Western Mail\" that he wanted \"to do", "id": "13216494" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\ntheir mothers,\" especially Lady Middleton. Austen biographer Claire Tomalin argues that \"Sense and Sensibility\" has a \"wobble in its approach\", which developed because Austen, in the course of writing the novel, gradually became less certain about whether sense or sensibility should triumph. Austen characterises Marianne as a sweet lady with attractive qualities: intelligence, musical talent, frankness, and the capacity to love deeply. She also acknowledges that Willoughby, with all his faults, continues to love and, in some measure, appreciate Marianne", "id": "7767501" }, { "contents": "Celestina (novel)\n\n\nis the women who show more \"fortitude\", while the men are often prey to their emotions. Yet it is only the characters capable of feeling true emotion who are moral; those who cannot feel or suffer are incapable of moral good. Jane Austen, who avidly read Smith's novels, responded to \"Celestina\" with \"Sense and Sensibility\" (begun in the 1790s) and her own Willoughby. As a teenager Austen wrote parodies of heroes of sensibility, particularly those who focused on their own feelings and", "id": "17594599" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nto Willoughby, which go unanswered. When they meet by chance at a dance, Willoughby is standing with another woman. He greets Marianne reluctantly and coldly, to her extreme distress. She shows him how shocked she is that he barely acknowledges her, and she leaves the party completely distraught. Soon Marianne receives a curt letter enclosing their former correspondence and love tokens, including a lock of her hair. Willoughby informs her of his engagement to a young lady, Miss Grey, who has a large fortune. Marianne is devastated", "id": "7767483" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nimmediately disinherited in favour of his brother, Robert, which gains him respect for his conduct and sympathy from Elinor and Marianne. Colonel Brandon shows his admiration by offering Edward the living (a clergyman's income) of Delaford parsonage so that he might one day be able to afford to marry Lucy after he takes orders. As Marianne grieves over Willoughby, Mrs Jennings takes Elinor and Marianne to the country to visit her second daughter, Mrs. Charlotte Palmer, at her husband's estate, called Cleveland. Marianne, still in misery", "id": "7767488" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nhis age (35) and his tentacle-covered face to be repulsive. While out for a walk, Marianne falls into a rain-swollen creek and is attacked by an octopus. She is saved by the handsome John Willoughby, a dashing adventurer and deep-sea diver who has come to the archipelago to visit his aunt. The two of them are soon inseparable and Elinor begins to suspect that the two are planning on getting engaged. Unfortunately for Marianne, Willoughby is suddenly called away to the undersea city of Sub", "id": "120617" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nbreak the engagement. To cheer up the two elder Dashwood sisters, Mrs. Jennings offers to take them to Sub-Marine Station Beta. (There was an earlier Sub-Marine Station Alpha located in the Irish Sea, but it was destroyed by a treacherous merman.) The Station is a massive iron and glass undersea dome housing a large city, public gardens, shops, and a research laboratory where scientists plot new ways to defeat their aquatic enemies. Here Marianne attempts to renew her courtship with Willoughby, only to find", "id": "120620" }, { "contents": "Phaeton (carriage)\n\n\n. There are also other photographs, using a black donkey, taken at Windsor Castle. Bolshevik revolutionaries used a phaeton to escape after carrying out the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery. Valerie, Lady Meux would startle London Society by driving herself in a high phaeton drawn by zebras. In the 1995 film \"Sense and Sensibility\", the character Mr. Willoughby drives a yellow phaeton. While the phaeton seems to exhibit his reckless and dashing character, in the novel on which the film is based, the original character drives a curricle.", "id": "765419" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nattracted to Marianne, and Mrs Jennings teases them about it. Marianne is not pleased, as she considers the thirty-five-year-old Colonel Brandon an old bachelor, incapable of falling in love or inspiring love in anyone. While out for a walk, Marianne gets caught in the rain, slips, and sprains her ankle. The dashing John Willoughby sees the accident and assists her, picking her up and carrying her back to her home. After his rescue of her, Marianne quickly comes to admire his good", "id": "7767479" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nand returned to find Eliza dying in a pauper's home, so Brandon took charge of raising her young daughter. Brandon tells Elinor that Marianne strongly reminds him of the elder Eliza for her sincerity and sweet impulsiveness. Brandon removed the younger Eliza to the country, and reveals to Elinor all of these details in the hope that Marianne could get some consolation in discovering that Willoughby was revealed as a villain. Meanwhile, the Steele sisters have come to London as guests of Mrs Jennings. After a brief acquaintance, they are asked", "id": "7767486" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nestate, feeling sympathy for the unfortunate but honorable Edward. On their way home to Devonshire, Elinor and Marianne stop for the night at the country estate of the Palmers, who live near Willoughby's estate. Marianne becomes gravely ill after walking in torrential rain. Colonel Brandon finds her and brings her home. Elinor stays at her side until she recovers, and the sisters return home. Colonel Brandon and Marianne begin spending time together as Marianne has a new appreciation for him. She admits to Elinor that even if Willoughby had", "id": "13280775" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\na \"less constraining mode of narration\" in which Austen's narrator provides commentary on the action, rather than the characters themselves through the letters. Favret claims that in \"Sense and Sensibility,\" Austen wants to \"recontextualize\" the letter and bring it into a \"new realism.\" Austen does so by imbuing the letter with dangerous power when Marianne writes to Willoughby; both their love and the letter \"prove false.\" Additionally, Favret claims that Austen uses both of the sisters' letter writing to emphasize the", "id": "7767506" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nenergised and open, realistic, intelligent, and tremendous fun.\" The role helped Winslet become recognised as a significant actress. Also appearing in the film was Alan Rickman, who portrayed Colonel Brandon. Thompson was pleased that Rickman could express the \"extraordinary sweetness [of] his nature,\" as he had played \"Machiavellian types so effectively\" in other films. Greg Wise was cast as Marianne's other romantic interest, John Willoughby, his most noted role thus far. Twelve-year-old Emilie François, appearing", "id": "13280795" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nof John Willoughby, Brandon's rival for Marianne's affections. Describing his character, Cooper said \"The way I tried to persuade myself he wasn't too bad was that he's a 25-year-old young guy and he genuinely falls in love with Marianne – he's not just doing it for one moment in time.\" Cooper said that he had fun working on the project. Janet McTeer and Lucy Boynton were cast as Mrs Dashwood and Margaret Dashwood respectively. Mark Gatiss portrayed John Dashwood; his casting was revealed in", "id": "13216502" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nchosen her, she was no longer convinced that love would have been enough to make him happy. The Dashwoods soon learn that Miss Steele has become Mrs. Ferrars and assume she married Edward. Later when Edward visits their house, they learn that Miss Steele married his brother Robert. Edward proposes to and marries Elinor. Marianne marries Colonel Brandon. Willoughby is seen watching their wedding from a distance and then rides away. In 1989, Lindsay Doran, the new president of production company Mirage Enterprises, was on a company retreat brainstorming", "id": "13280776" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\na living on his estate at Delaford, which Edward gladly accepts. While staying with Mrs. Jennings' daughter, Marianne goes walking in a storm and collapses. Brandon finds her and brings her home, where she falls seriously ill with a fever. During Marianne's recovery, Willoughby comes to talk with Elinor. He insists that he loved Marianne and would have married her, but he had to marry a rich woman because his aunt disowned him after learning of his behaviour toward Eliza. After Marianne recovers, the sisters return home", "id": "13216491" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\n. After Elinor has read the letter, Marianne admits to Elinor that she and Willoughby were never engaged. She behaved as if they were because she knew she loved him and thought that he loved her. As Marianne grieves, and Willoughby's engagement to Miss Grey is made public, Colonel Brandon visits the sisters. He reveals to Elinor that Willoughby is a scoundrel. His aunt disinherited him after she learned that he had seduced, impregnated, then abandoned Brandon's young ward, Miss Eliza Williams, and refused to marry her", "id": "7767484" }, { "contents": "Clive Francis\n\n\nthat the production was taped just a week after the murder of playwright Joe Orton. Francis played the character of Willoughby in the BBC's 1971 production of \"Sense and Sensibility.\" In the BBC's popular first adaptation of \"Poldark\" (1975–76), he brought to life Ross Poldark's weak, troubled and debt-ridden cousin Francis. Francis delivered a credible and creditable performance of this emotionally deep character. He played Det. Sgt. Dexter in \"New Scotland Yard\" in 1974. In the 1976 television", "id": "7157762" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\n-Century Imagination\" contains several discussions of \"Sense and Sensibility.\" Gilbert and Gubar read the beginning of \"Sense and Sensibility\" as a retelling of \"King Lear\" from a female perspective and contend that these \"reversals imply that male traditions need to be evaluated and reinterpreted from a female perspective.\" Gilbert and Gubar argue that Austen explores the effects of patriarchal control on women, particularly in the spheres of employment and inheritance. In \"Sense and Sensibility\" they educe the fact that Mr. John Dashwood deprives his", "id": "7767511" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nhim cold and unresponsive to her advances. When Willoughby leaves Marianne to fend for herself against an attack of giant lobsters, she demands an answer from him, and gets one: she learns that he is engaged to the very wealthy Miss Grey, news which leaves Marianne devastated. She admits to Elinor that she and Willoughby were never officially engaged, but his attentions towards her led her to believe that he loved her and would eventually marry her. Meanwhile, the truth about Willoughby's real character starts to emerge; Colonel Brandon", "id": "120621" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nJune 2007. Claire Skinner received the role of John's wife, Fanny, while Mark Williams was cast as Sir John Middleton. Linda Bassett and Jean Marsh were given the roles of Mrs Jennings and Mrs Ferrars respectively. Robert Bianco from \"USA Today\" commented that both women were \"wonderfully cast\". Actresses Anna Madeley and Daisy Haggard portrayed Lucy Steele and her sister Anne, a character who was omitted from the 1995 film. \"Sense and Sensibility\" was shot entirely on location within England, mostly in the counties", "id": "13216503" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\non, more or less unencumbered, by human wreckage from the past.\" In other words, the men do not feel a responsibility to anyone else. Johnson compares Edward to Willoughby in this regard, claiming that all of the differences between them as individuals do not hide the fact that their failures are actually identical; Johnson calls them both \"weak, duplicitous, and selfish,\" lacking the honesty and forthrightness with which Austen endows other \"exemplary gentlemen\" in her work. Johnson's comparison of Edward and Willoughby reveals", "id": "7767516" }, { "contents": "Marianne Dashwood\n\n\nMarianne Dashwood is a fictional character in the Jane Austen novel \"Sense and Sensibility\". The 16-year-old second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dashwood, she embodies the \"sensibility\" of the title, as opposed to her elder sister Elinor's \"sense\". She embraces spontaneity, excessive sensibility, love of nature, and romantic idealism: Marianne weeps dramatically when their family must depart from \"dear, dear Norland\", and later in the book, exclaims, \"Oh! with what transporting sensations have I", "id": "21133053" }, { "contents": "Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick\n\n\nAusten had anything to do with sex. In her article, Sedgwick juxtaposed three treatments of female suffering, namely Marianne Dashwood's emotional frenzy when Willoughby abandons her in \"Sense and Sensibility\", a 19th century French medical account of the \"cure\" inflicted on a girl who liked to masturbate, and the critic Tony Tanner's \"vengeful\" treatment of Emma Woodhouse as a woman who had to be taught her place. Sedgwick argued that by the middle of the 18th century, the \"sexual identity\" of the onanist", "id": "20670963" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nmentor[ing] me through that process ... I learned about screenwriting at her feet.\" Thompson's first draft was more than three hundred handwritten pages, which required her to reduce it to a more manageable length. She found the romances to be the most difficult to \"juggle\", and her draft received some criticism for the way it presented Willoughby and Edward. Doran later recalled the work was criticized for not getting underway until Willoughby's arrival, with Edward sidelined as backstory. Thompson and Doran quickly realised that \"if we", "id": "13280782" }, { "contents": "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels\n\n\n, that could occasionally be powdered for greater formality. It is this new fashion that makes it possible for Willoughby to cut a lock of Marianne's hair in \"Sense and Sensibility\". As at the French court, where Marie Antoinette was setting the fashion for a \"pastoral\" style of clothing, women were wearing broad-brimmed hats decorated with ribbons. This is what Eliza de Feuillide, Jane Austen's cousin who is familiar with the receptions at Versailles, explains to Phylly Walter, another cousin, when she inquires", "id": "4527671" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nlight – cold and grey skies foretelling doom through to rich candlelight signalling new passions.\" \"The New York Times\" critic Ginia Bellafante said, \"There's nothing glaringly wrong with this new \"Sense and Sensibility\", the last in Masterpiece's winter-long homage to Austen; it is both lush and tidy. But it alters the emotional chemistry, and the result is an adaptation that feels more arid than Mr. Lee's effort.\" Nancy Banks-Smith from \"The Guardian\" called \"Sense and Sensibility", "id": "13216522" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nhow women can \"themselves become agents of repression, manipulators of conventions, and survivors.\" In order to protect themselves and their own interests, Mrs. Ferrars and Lucy Steele must participate in the same patriarchal system that oppresses them. In the chapter \"\"Sense and Sensibility:\" Opinions Too Common and Too Dangerous\" from her book \"Jane Austen: Women, Politics, and the Novel,\" Claudia Johnson also gives a feminist reading of \"Sense and Sensibility.\" She differs from previous critics, especially the earliest", "id": "7767513" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nbravely defend their ship, and Elinor summons a swarm of octopodes using a special whistle that she has obtained from Willoughby. Dreadbeard's men are soon massacred by the tentacled monsters, while the Pirate himself is killed by the returning Colonel Brandon. Marianne recovers from her malaria. Elinor passes along Willoughby's confession, and Marianne admits that she could never have been truly happy being married to such a selfish man. She points out that the combination of her wish for death and her deadly illness was morally equivalent to attempting suicide,", "id": "120627" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nhim unhappy, but she is disgusted by the callous way in which he talks of Miss Williams and his own wife. He also reveals that his aunt said she would have forgiven him if he married Miss Williams but that he refused. Marianne recovers from her illness, and Elinor tells her of Willoughby's visit. Marianne realises that she could never have been happy with Willoughby's immoral, erratic, and inconsiderate ways. She values Elinor's more moderated conduct with Edward and resolves to model herself after Elinor's courage and good", "id": "7767490" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nmore overtly sexual\" than previous adaptations of Austen's works and added, \"The novel is as much about sex and money as social conventions.\" Davies also included a duel between Colonel Brandon and Willoughby in his screenplay, an event that was absent from Lee's film adaptation of the novel. Davies believed that Lee's film did not overcome \"the problem of the guys who get the girls not seeming quite good enough\", and set out to try to find a way of making them into heroes in his script", "id": "13216496" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nto give Elinor and Marianne contrasting wardrobes. The \"flighty\" and \"artistic\" Marianne wears strong colours compared to Elinor, who has a different personality and complexion. Fordham revealed that with Marianne being younger and a \"wild child\", her wardrobe contains a lot of Buttercup yellows, which suited Wakefield's complexion and her character's freshness. Willoughby's wardrobe was designed to reflect his \"poetic\" and \"fashionable\" nature, while Fordham believed Edward was more suited to the eighteenth-century rural colours. With Colonel", "id": "13216511" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\n, Marianne and Willoughby's relationship includes an \"erotic\" invented scene in which the latter requests a lock of her hair – a direct contrast to Elinor's \"reserved relationship\" with Edward. Lee also distinguishes them through imagery – Marianne is often seen with musical instruments, near open windows, and outside, while Elinor is pictured in door frames. Another character altered for modern viewers is Margaret Dashwood, who conveys \"the frustrations that a girl of our times might feel at the limitations facing her as a woman in the", "id": "13280823" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\n. Willoughby, in great personal debt, chose to marry Miss Grey for money rather than love. Eliza is the illegitimate daughter of Brandon's first love, also called Eliza, a young woman who was his father's ward and an heiress. She was forced into an unhappy marriage to Brandon's elder brother, in order to shore up the family's debts, and that marriage ended in scandal and divorce while Brandon was abroad with the Army. After Colonel Brandon's father and brother died, he inherited the family estate", "id": "7767485" }, { "contents": "George Willoughby (theatre entrepreneur)\n\n\n28 February 1902 while staying at the Criterion Hotel, Pitt Street, Sydney. In 1902 George, together with Thomas William Broadhurst and George Howells Broadhurst, who owned the rights to the play \"The Wrong Mr. Wright\" sought to prevent Henry Bloomfield, director of the Ada Willoughby Company, from playing a version of this play. The suit failed on the grounds that Willoughby had failed to prove that Charles Arnold was able to assign his rights to the play. This was around the same time as George had applied for a", "id": "16975996" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nsisters from their home as well as promised income as an instance of these effects. They also point to the \"despised\" Mrs. Ferrars's tampering with the patriarchal line of inheritance in her disowning of her eldest son, Edward Ferrars, as proof that this construction is ultimately arbitrary. Gilbert and Gubar contend that while \"Sense and Sensibility\"'s ultimate message is that \"young women like Marianne and Elinor must submit to powerful conventions of society by finding a male protector,\" women such as Mrs. Ferrars and Lucy Steele demonstrate", "id": "7767512" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\ntells Elinor that Willoughby had seduced Brandon's ward, fifteen-year-old Eliza Williams, and then abandoned her in a most cruel way - playfully burying her up to her neck in sand, then leaving her. Colonel Brandon was once in love with Miss Williams' mother, a woman who resembled Marianne and whose life was destroyed by an unhappy arranged marriage to the Colonel's brother. The Steele sisters arrive at Sub-Marine Station Beta along with John and Fanny Dashwood, Edward, and Edward's mother. Lucy", "id": "120622" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nsense. Edward arrives and reveals that, after his disinheritance, Lucy jilted him in favour of his now wealthy younger brother, Robert. Elinor is overjoyed. Edward and Elinor marry, and later Marianne marries Colonel Brandon, having gradually come to love him. The two couples live as neighbours, with both sisters and husbands in harmony with each other. Willoughby considers Marianne as his ideal but the narrator tells the reader not to suppose that he was never happy. Jane Austen wrote the first draft of the novel in the form", "id": "7767491" }, { "contents": "The Wolves of Willoughby Chase\n\n\nher temper. Bonnie and Sylvia also overhear ominous hints about their parents' ship, which has sunk, perhaps intentionally. Bonnie and Sylvia are not without allies: James, the clever footman, who spies on Miss Slighcarp for the girls; Pattern, Bonnie's loving and beloved maid; and the woodcrafty Simon. With their friends, the girls plan to alert the kindly and sensible local doctor to the crimes of Miss Slighcarp and Mr. Grimshaw, but Miss Slighcarp foils the scheme and sends them to a nearby industrial town,", "id": "15360189" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nW. F. Pollock's 1861 review from \"Frasier's Magazine,\" titled \"British Novelists,\" becomes what editor Claudia Johnson terms an \"early example of what would become the customary view of \"Sense and Sensibility.\"\" In addition to emphasizing the novel's morality, Pollock reviews the characters in catalogue-like fashion, praising and criticizing them in according to the notion that Austen favors Elinor's point of view and temperament. Pollock even praises Sir John Middleton and Mrs. Jennings, even commenting on the humor of Mr.", "id": "7767498" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nrealistic, and with a \"highly pleasing\" plot in which \"the whole is just long enough to interest the reader without fatiguing.\" This review praises Mrs. Dashwood, the mother of the Dashwood sisters, as well as Elinor, and claims that Marianne's extreme sensibility makes her miserable. It claims that \"Sense and Sensibility\" has a lesson and moral which is made clear through the plot and the characters. Another \"Unsigned Review\" from the May 1812 \"British Critic\" further emphasizes the novel's function as", "id": "7767496" }, { "contents": "Ballet Shoes (film)\n\n\nMadam Poppy Pomfrey respectively. In addition, Gemma Jones starred in the 1995 adaptation of \"Sense and Sensibility\" as Mrs. Dashwood, while Lucy Boynton (Posy) played Margaret Dashwood in the 2008 BBC adaptation of the same novel. Louise Keller of Urban Cinefile notes that this is Emma Watson's first role other than that of Hermione, though her voice would later be heard in \"The Tale of Despereaux\". Identical twin girls Lucy and Nina Watson, who take turns playing a younger Pauline in this film, are Emma", "id": "14776786" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nSense and Sensibility is a 2008 British television drama adaptation of Jane Austen's 1811 novel \"Sense and Sensibility\". The screenplay was written by Andrew Davies, who revealed that the aim of the series was to make viewers forget Ang Lee's 1995 film \"Sense and Sensibility\". The series was \"more overtly sexual\" than previous Austen adaptations, and Davies included scenes featuring a seduction and a duel that were absent from the feature film. \"Sense and Sensibility\" was directed by John Alexander and produced by Anne Pivcevic", "id": "13216482" }, { "contents": "The Wolves of Willoughby Chase\n\n\nfor Miss Slighcarp and alter Sir Willoughby's will giving her full power over Willoughby Chase. Mr. Gripe: He is the family lawyer and a kind-hearted man, who had been an unwitting dupe in the conspiracy to steal Sir Willoughby's estate. Mrs. Moleskin: She is the cook at Mrs Brisket's orphanage. She is a tartar and hits the orphans with whatever comes to hand. Her kitchen is filthy, and her gravy (which Bonnie throws in her face) is rancid. Pattern: She is Bonnie's", "id": "15360198" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nto social criticism\" of Austen's works. According to Johnson, \"Sense and Sensibility\" critically examines the codes of propriety as well as their enforcement by the community. Key to Austen's criticism of society, per Johnson's argument, is the depiction of the unfair marginalization of women resulting from the \"death or simple absence of male protectors.\" Additionally, the male characters in \"Sense and Sensibility\" are depicted unfavorably. Johnson calls the gentlemen in \"Sense and Sensibility\" \"uncommitted sorts\" who \"move", "id": "7767515" }, { "contents": "The Ticket-of-Leave Man (play)\n\n\ncurrency and is sentenced to four years in prison. He had been kind to May, a young woman, who waits for his release from prison, even though Brierly's forged note caused the ruin of May's landlady Mrs Willoughby. Brierly secretly repays the money to Mrs Willoughby. May and Brierly are planning to marry, but on the day of his wedding, his employer finds out that he is an ex-convict, and he is fired. Brierly cannot find work, and Moss and Dalton try to force", "id": "9759165" }, { "contents": "Gemma Jones\n\n\nJones played Mrs. Dashwood alongside Kate Winslet, Alan Rickman and Emma Thompson in the Academy Award-winning period drama \"Sense and Sensibility\" (1995). Her other notable roles include Mrs. Fairfax in Jane Eyre (1997), Lady Queensbury in \"Wilde\" (1997), Grace Winslow in \"The Winslow Boy\" (1999), Bridget's mother Pam Jones in \"Bridget Jones's Diary\" (2001) and Poppy Pomfrey in \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\" (2002), reprising her", "id": "9117317" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\njustice\" to Willoughby's back story, saying that it is \"quite interesting and steamy stuff like a lot of underage sex that goes on and is just talked about. I want to put it on the screen.\" Davies elaborated on this further in an interview with \"The Independent's\" Peter Chapman, saying that the seduction and abandonment of a schoolgirl in the novel needed dramatising. He believed readers \"hardly notice\" the moment, which he felt was very important. The writer noted that the series was \"", "id": "13216495" }, { "contents": "Styles and themes of Jane Austen\n\n\nSense and Sensibility\" questions the arbitrariness of property inheritance when the elderly Mr. Dashwood disinherits one side of his nephew's family because of his affection for a baby on the other. As Copeland explains, \"[f]rom the focus of \"Sense and Sensibility\", \"Pride and Prejudice\", and \"Northanger Abbey\", where the single most significant economic problem for women is the lack of a fortune, Austen's works steadily engage women in more and more complex relationships to the economy. \"Mansfield Park\", \"", "id": "16525071" }, { "contents": "Jane Austen in popular culture\n\n\nAusten simply could not fit into. In Mexico, where Smart asked a group of local women in Puerto Vallarta if the plot of \"Sense and Sensibility\" had any relevance in modern Mexico, she was told by one woman: \"No, the book's really relevant...Things then, in her country, are just the same way here and now. Look at Willoughby, taking advantage of women. Men here do that all the time. And Marianne, marrying more for the sake of being married than for being", "id": "12641621" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\n\"very much lie in the editing.\" Thompson wrote \"hundreds of different versions\" of romantic storylines. She considered having Edward re-appear midway through the film before deciding that it would not work as \"there was nothing for him to do.\" Thompson also opted to exclude the duel scene between Brandon and Willoughby, which is described in the novel, because it \"only seemed to subtract from the mystery.\" She and Doran agonised about when and how to reveal Brandon's backstory, as they wanted to", "id": "13280818" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nlove, Thompson's screenplay has his storyline mirroring Willoughby's; they are similar in appearance, share a love of music and poetry, and rescue Marianne in the rain while on horseback. Thompson viewed the novel as a story of \"love and money,\" noting that some people needed one more than the other. During the writing process, executive producer Sydney Pollack stressed that the film be understandable to modern audiences, and that it be made clear why the Dashwood sisters could not just obtain a job. \"I'm", "id": "13280827" }, { "contents": "Greg Wise\n\n\nMatthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in many British television works, as well as several feature films (notably the role of John Willoughby in \"Sense and Sensibility\"). He was born to architect parents in Newcastle upon Tyne, and was educated at the independent St Peter's School, York. He went to Heriot-Watt University to study architecture and performed with the Edinburgh University Theatre Company. Wise then moved to Glasgow where he studied drama at the", "id": "11320372" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\noriginal version was over three hours, Lee was less interested in the story's romance, and Thompson found a kissing scene to be inappropriate. The scene was included in marketing materials and the film trailer. Thompson and Doran also cut out a scene depicting Willoughby as remorseful when Marianne is sick. Doran said that despite it \"being one of the great scenes in book history,\" they could not get it to fit into the film. Tim Squyres edited the film, his fourth collaboration with Ang Lee. He reflected in", "id": "13280820" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nwith their later financial predicament; for instance, because it might have been confusing to viewers that one could be poor and still have servants, Elinor is made to address a large group of servants at Norland Park early in the film for viewers to remember when they see their few staff at Barton Cottage. Lee also sought to emphasise social class and the limitations it placed on the protagonists. Lee conveys this in part when Willoughby publicly rejects Marianne; he returns to a more lavishly furnished room, a symbol of the wealth she", "id": "13280829" }, { "contents": "Mr William Collins\n\n\nis just as rounded as \"Sense and Sensibility's\" Edward Ferrars and Colonel Brandon, or \"Emma\"'s Mr Knightley and Harriet Smith. In another analysis, Deirdre Le Faye wrote \"what does make Mr Collins a figure of fun and rightful mockery is his lack of sense, of taste, and of generosity of spirit contrasted to his own supreme unawareness of his shortcomings in these respects\". He has also been criticised for taking such a casual air of his own marriage, which is one of the primary concerns", "id": "4519551" }, { "contents": "John Woodnutt\n\n\n\"\", starring Bill Nighy and John Shea. In the BBC Scotland television series of The Secret Garden, made in 1975, he played the part of Mr. Archibald Craven. He appeared in producer Barry Letts's classic serials \"Sense and Sensibility\", \"Stalky & Co.\", and \"The Pickwick Papers\". He played the Senior Tutor in \"Porterhouse Blue\", appeared regularly as Sir Watkyn Bassett in the \"Jeeves and Wooster\" series alongside Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie and also appeared briefly in the comedy", "id": "18984141" }, { "contents": "Celestina (novel)\n\n\nthe stories of Jessy and Sophy. Similar in tone and theme, these tales contain “family problems and bereavements, love, poverty and isolation”. These two narratives suggest that “the truth of feeling [is] the only valid and useful bond of society”. Jessy, Sophy, and Celestina are heroines of sensibility—characters who feel strongly and are sympathetic to the emotions of others. Willoughby is a hero of sensibility, feeling more strongly than any of the female characters. Unusually in \"Celestina\", it", "id": "17594598" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nEdward reconciles with his mother and asks Elinor to marry him; and she agrees. The couple begin a simple new life tending to the lighthouse at Delaford. Marianne resolves to become a marine engineer so that she can design a new Sub-Marine Station Gamma dome. Despite herself, she comes to fall in love with Colonel Brandon, and the two eventually marry. Willoughby, somewhat to his dismay, is forgiven by his aunt for his treatment of Eliza and reclaims his inheritance. He realizes that had he married Marianne for", "id": "120630" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nWhen Willoughby's aunt and benefactress Lady Allen learned of his behavior, she disinherited him and so he chose to marry for money. Lucy is invited to stay with John and Fanny. Lucy, believing she has a friend in Fanny, confides her clandestine engagement to Edward and is thrown out of the house. Edward's mother demands that he break off the engagement. When he refuses, she arranges to have his fortune transferred to his younger brother, Robert. On hearing this, Colonel Brandon offers Edward the parish on his", "id": "13280774" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\never seen.\" Early May saw production at the \"exquisite\" village church in Berry Pomeroy for the final wedding scene. From the tenth to the twelfth of May, Marianne's first rescue sequence, depicting her encounter with Willoughby, was shot. Logistics were difficult, as the scene was set upon a hill during a rainy day. Lee shot around fifty takes, with the actors becoming soaked under rain machines; this led to Winslet eventually collapsing from hypothermia. Further problems occurred midway through filming, when Winslet contracted phlebitis", "id": "13280812" }, { "contents": "The Fire Raisers (play)\n\n\n– who yearns both for a sense of shallow propriety as well as for a deeper sense of belonging, even if it comes at a great price, including that which is sensible or even necessary for his own survival. In that sense, the play shares much with absurdist plays written at around the same time, such as Eugene Ionesco's \"Rhinoceros\". The central character, a businessman called Biedermann, is seen at the outset reading newspaper reports of arson, convinced that he could never be taken in. Within minutes", "id": "18655159" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nand he is unable in such short time to save enough money for his wife Mrs Dashwood, and their daughters, Elinor, Marianne and Margaret, who are left only a small income. On his deathbed, Mr Henry Dashwood extracts a promise from his son John to take care of his half-sisters. But before Henry is long in the grave, John's greedy wife, Fanny, persuades her husband to renege on the promise, appealing to his concerns about diminishing his own son Harry's inheritance despite the fact that", "id": "7767476" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\n-Marine Station Beta, leaving her heartbroken and alone. Edward Ferrars finally pays a visit to the Dashwoods at Barton Cottage, but his continued unhappiness and reserved nature lead Elinor to decide that he no longer has feelings for her. Given her mother's sorrow at being banished to the forlorn Devonshire coast and Marianne's sorrow at being abandoned by Willoughby, Elinor decides that she must hide her own sorrow for the good of the family. Elinor is soon dealt a double shock when Lady Middleton's cousins, Anne and Lucy Steele", "id": "120618" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\n. He said that Austen should have made the reader feel that Edward was worthy of Elinor and explained how Marianne falls in love with Colonel Brandon, after having her heart broken by Willoughby. The writer increased the male roles, so they could be turned into stronger characters. Davies told Hill that the team \"worked very hard\" on the men. Brandon is seen rescuing people and doing a lot of fast horse riding, while Edward was given a wood-chopping scene where he vents his frustrations about his engagement. Davies", "id": "13216497" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\nPrejudice\". Cooper told \"The Birmingham Post's\" Georgina Rodgers that the bad weather affected his first scene, in which Willoughby carries an injured Marianne home. He explained that the scene was shot on a vertical slope with a rain machine, as the natural rain does not show up on camera. His cloak also kept getting caught under his foot, which made picking up Wakefield even harder. Cooper added, \"I couldn't move and I just kept falling head over heels.\" Wrotham Park served as the exterior", "id": "13216507" }, { "contents": "The Egoist (novel)\n\n\ndiscussion, however, focuses on Meredith and his popularity as an author. More materially, Forster compliments Meredith on not revealing Laetitia Dale's changed feelings for Willoughby until she rejects him in their midnight meeting; \"[i]t would have spoiled his high comedy if we had been kept in touch throughout ... in fact it would be boorish. ... Meredith with his unerring good sense here lets the plot triumph\" rather than explaining Dale's character more fully. Forster further compares Meredith with Thomas Hardy, complimenting Hardy on his pastoral sensibilities", "id": "15195960" }, { "contents": "Patricia Routledge\n\n\nGirl Stroke Boy\" (1971). Routledge's early television appearances included a role in \"Steptoe and Son\", in the episode \"Seance in a Wet Rag and Bone Yard\" (1974), as a clairvoyant called Madame Fontana. She also appeared in \"Coronation Street\", and as a white witch in \"Doctor at Large\" (1971). Also in 1971, Routledge played Mrs. Jennings in the BBC mini-series production of \"Sense and Sensibility\". However, she did not come to", "id": "13162587" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nhome. Fanny invites her brother Edward Ferrars to stay with them. Elinor and Edward soon form a close friendship, but Fanny tells Mrs. Dashwood that Edward would be disinherited if he married someone of no importance with no money. Sir John Middleton, Mrs. Dashwood's cousin, offers her a small cottage house on his estate, Barton Park in Devonshire. She and her daughters move in and are frequent guests at Barton Park. The Dashwoods meet the older Colonel Brandon, who falls in love with Marianne at first sight. However", "id": "13280771" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nMrs. Dashwood soon forgets about Harry and it is made apparent her objections are founded in greed; Montolieu altered the scene by having Mrs. Dashwood continuing to speak of \"our little Harry\" as the basis of her objections, completely changing her motives. When Elinor learns the Ferrars who married Lucy Steele is Robert, not Edward, Montolieu adds in a scene where Edward, the Dashwood sisters and their mother all break down in tears while clasping hands that was not in the original. Austen has the marriage of Robert Ferrars and Lucy", "id": "7767524" }, { "contents": "Ripples (musical)\n\n\nperformances, closing on March 29, 1930. The cast headlined the entire Stone family: Fred Stone as Rip Van Winkle, Mrs. Fred Stone as Mrs. Willoughby, their daughter, Dorothy Stone, as Ripples, and in her stage debut, their other daughter, Paula Stone as Mary Willoughby. It included Dorothy’s future husband, Charles Collins as Richard Willoughby, and Eddie Foy, Jr. as Corporal Jack Sterling. The plot concerns Rip (Fred Stone), who is the great-great-grandson of the original Rip", "id": "19261944" }, { "contents": "Baker v Willoughby\n\n\nargument seemed to make logical sense, it would produce a \"manifest injustice\" if it were allowed to succeed. Lord Reid considered that the damage caused by the defendant, the plaintiff's inability to run, his reduced working capacities etc. were not obviated by the shooter's act. Furthermore, if the shooter (who could not be found), were to be held liable, he would only have to pay the losses he caused Mr Baker by the shooting, not by the earlier car accident (because of the", "id": "4285533" }, { "contents": "Mark Willoughby\n\n\nMark Willoughby is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for Manly-Warringah the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. Willoughby was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He is the son of former Manly player Gordon Willoughby who played for the club in the 1940s and 1950s. Willoughby made his first grade debut in 1972. Willoughby was not selected to play for Manly in the 1972 NSWRL grand final where the club won its maiden premiership defeating Eastern Suburbs", "id": "9567787" }, { "contents": "Mr. Rushworth\n\n\nthe fiance of Maria Bertram who is the eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Bertram. Jane Austen was born in December 1775 and died in July 1817. She was a British novelist who wrote six novels: \"Sense and Sensibility\", \"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Mansfield Park\", \"Emma\", \"Persuasion\", and \"Northanger Abbey\". Her novels are about romance within the gentry. \"Mansfield Park\" was written between 1811 and 1813 and was published in 1814. The novel was published in a", "id": "8526460" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters\n\n\nspace elsewhere. Mrs. Dashwood's cousin Sir John Middleton invites her to stay at a cottage situated on an archipelago off the coast of Devonshire. Although Devonshire is considered to have England's highest concentration of sea monsters, Mrs. Dashwood accepts the offer and the four women relocate to a windswept shanty known as Barton Cottage. Here they are treated kindly by Sir John, who invites them to dine at his heavily fortified manor house on nearby Deadwind Island. They are soon introduced to Sir John's family and friends, including his wife", "id": "120614" }, { "contents": "Westel Willoughby\n\n\ngraduated in 1854. Then he studied law while teaching at academies in Aurora and Moravia, both in nearby Cayuga County. On May 10, 1859, Willoughy married schoolteacher Jennie Rebecca Woodbury in Groton. They would have twin sons Westel Woodbury Willoughby (1867-1945) and William F. Willoughby (1867-1960) and a daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Willoughby would be active in the Presbyterian Church, and Willoughby in the Young Men's Christian Association, and their sons both became prominent academics and public administrators. Willoughby was admitted", "id": "9333449" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nones, in her contention that \"Sense and Sensibility\" not, as it is often assumed to be, a \"dramatized conduct book\" that values \"female prudence\" (associated with Elinor's sense) over \"female impetuosity\" (associated with Marianne's sensibility). Rather, Johnson sees \"Sense and Sensibility\" as a \"dark and disenchanted novel\" that views \"institutions of order\" such as property, marriage, and family in a negative light, an attitude that makes the novel the \"most attuned", "id": "7767514" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\n\n\ntwo episodes were broadcast on 6 and 13 January. The first episode of \"Sense and Sensibility\" became one of the top ten streamed programmes on the BBC iPlayer following its broadcast. In the United States, \"Sense and Sensibility\" was broadcast on PBS, as part of their Austen \"Masterpiece Theatre\" series. The drama was split into two episodes, which aired on 30 March and 6 April 2008. \"Sense and Sensibility\" began airing from 26 June 2008 on the UKTV channel in Australia. \"Sense and", "id": "13216517" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nthat Fanny and Mrs. Jennings \"couldn't quite give up the frills,\" and instead draped themselves in lace, fur, feathers, jewellery, and rich fabrics. Conversely, sensible Elinor opts for simpler accessories, such as a long gold chain and a straw hat. Fanny's shallow personality is also reflected in \"flashy, colourful\" dresses, while Edward's buttoned-up appearance represents his \"repressed\" personality, with little visible skin. Each of the 100 extras used in the London ballroom scene, depicting \"", "id": "13280799" }, { "contents": "Leonora (novel)\n\n\nof Jane Austen's \"Sense and Sensibility\" dismisses the heroine Marianne's Sensibility as romantic teenage folly, Edgeworth's novel \"Leonora\" emphasizes Olivia's behavior as hypocritical narcissism. Maria Edgeworth’s letter to Mrs. Pruxton at Black Castle, Navan, dated 8 June 1806, reads: “------ Lady Olivia in ‘ Leonora ‘ is now supposed by all Dublin to be a portrait of Lady Asgill [wife of Sir Charles Asgill, 2nd Baronet] and that wherever they go they have to defend me by asserting that I’m", "id": "8780957" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nBrough. • 2014: \"Kumkum Bhagya\", an Indian-Hindi television series which is an adaptation of \"Sense and Sensibility.\" • 2015: \"Dedunnai Adare\", a Sri Lankan-Sinhala television series which is an adaptation of \"Sense and Sensibility\" and an influence of \"Kumkum Bhagya\" television series. • 2018: Kasthooriman, an Indian-Malayalam television series which is an adaptation of adaptation of \"Sense and Sensibility.\" • 2019: Siri Siri Muvvalu, is an Indian-Telugu television", "id": "7767527" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility (film)\n\n\nSense and Sensibility is a 1995 American period drama film directed by Ang Lee and based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel of the same name. Emma Thompson wrote the screenplay and stars as Elinor Dashwood, while Kate Winslet plays Elinor's younger sister Marianne. The story follows the Dashwood sisters, members of a wealthy English family of landed gentry, as they must deal with circumstances of sudden destitution. They are forced to seek financial security through marriage. Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman play their respective suitors. The film was released on", "id": "13280766" }, { "contents": "John Willoughby\n\n\nthat they were never engaged. Elinor attempts in vain to afford Marianne some consolation, and she tells her beloved sister to think of her family and to exert herself through this difficult interval of sorrow. At the ball it is revealed that Mr. Willoughby is now engaged to a fashionable young woman named Miss Grey who has a fortune of £50,000. Colonel Brandon, a friend of Elinor and Marianne, explains the reason for Willoughby's abrupt change of heart. It turns out that Willoughby had seduced the Colonel's 15-year-old", "id": "11571292" }, { "contents": "Elinor Dashwood\n\n\nElinor Dashwood is a fictional character and the protagonist of Jane Austen's novel \"Sense and Sensibility\". In this novel, Austen analyses the conflict between the opposing temperaments of sense (logic, propriety, and thoughtfulness, as expressed in Austen's time by neo-classicists), and sensibility (emotion, passion, unthinking action, as expressed in Austen's time by romantics). In this conflict, Elinor, a reserved, practical, and thoughtful young woman who embodies the \"sense\" of the title, is", "id": "6067006" }, { "contents": "Sense and Sensibility\n\n\nbody of criticism from many different critical approaches. Early reviews of \"Sense and Sensibility\" focused on the novel as providing lessons in conduct (which would be debated by many later critics) as well as reviewing the characters. The Norton Critical Edition of \"Sense and Sensibility,\" edited by Claudia Johnson, contains a number of reprinted early reviews in its supplementary material. An \"Unsigned Review\" in the February 1812 \"Critical Review\" praises \"Sense and Sensibility\" as well written with well supported and drawn characters,", "id": "7767495" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cold War (1979–1985)\n\n\nsides agreed to \"resume formal negotiations on the basis of a new framework.\" This was a new advance in the Soviet Union and the United States' relationship because it addressed questions regarding both nuclear and space weapons. This new agreement was one way Chernenko helped the Soviet Union's relationship with the United States. However, Chernenko did not end the Afghanistan invasion, which could have started the process to end the Cold War. Even after the agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States, the Soviet Union was still", "id": "9256735" }, { "contents": "Boris Rybkin\n\n\nnegotiations continued until March 1939 when they ended without result. The Finnish government did not want to give up its neutrality and its territories. Later, Boris Shtein continued negotiations but also without results. The Soviet Union attacked Finland on 30 November 1939, starting the Winter War. In 1941, Rybkin moved to the Soviet embassy in Stockholm. He returned to the Soviet Union in Autumn 1943. During World War II, he served as a chief under the NKGB in the Northern Caucasus. Rybkin was an agent at the Yalta Conference", "id": "12326602" }, { "contents": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union\n\n\nThe dissolution of the Soviet Union is the process of internal collapse of the Soviet Union which started in the second half of 1980s with a series of national unrests and ended on 26 December 1991, when the Soviet Union was voted out of existence, following the Belavezha Accords. This officially granted self-governing independence to the Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet", "id": "90565" }, { "contents": "Soviet–Afghan War\n\n\n, outside of Russia it undermined the legitimacy of the Soviet Union as a trans-national political union. The war created new forms of political participation, in the form of new civil organizations of war veterans (Afghansti), which weakened the political hegemony of the communist party. It also started the transformation of the press and media, which continued under glasnost. The war did not end with the withdrawal of the Soviet Army. The Soviet Union left Afghanistan deep in winter, with intimations of panic among Kabul officials. The", "id": "2496513" }, { "contents": "Brezhnev Doctrine\n\n\nSoviet Union's biggest problem after the removal of the Brezhnev Doctrine, was the Khrushchev Dilemma. This did not address how to stop internal political reform, but how to tame the physical violence that comes along with it. It had become clear that the Soviet Union was beginning to loosen up. It is possible to pinpoint the renouncement of the Brezhnev Doctrine as to what started the end for the Soviet Union. Countries that were once micromanaged now could do what they wanted to politically, because the Soviets could no longer try to", "id": "4840623" }, { "contents": "Cold War (1979–1985)\n\n\nperiod caused 1983 to be one of the most intense and nearly disastrous years of the Cold War. Leonid Brezhnev was Soviet Union's leader for 18 years from 1964 until his death in 1982. Brezhnev's health was starting to decline due to his heavy smoking and addiction to sleeping pills toward the end of his time leading the Soviet Union. When Brezhnev's health got worse, the Soviet Union started having issues because he could not run the country. Brezhnev tried to help lower nuclear tensions between the Soviet Union and the United", "id": "9256725" }, { "contents": "Historiography in the Soviet Union\n\n\nthe book is inspired by Soviet historiography in its treatment of the Cold War, as it claims that the Cold War was started by the United States, that the Soviet Union was acting in self-defense, and that the USSR did not lose the Cold War but rather voluntarily ended it. According to \"The Economist\", \"rabid anti-Westernism is the leitmotif of [the book's] ideology.\" However, this single book is only one out of many approved by the Ministry of Education and Science,", "id": "8866833" }, { "contents": "Canada–Soviet Union relations\n\n\nof view.\" Near the end of his tenure, when he believed that tension between the US and Soviet Union were on the rise, he launched a peace mission to Moscow which the Americans did not approve of. Tensions between the US and the Soviet Union eased soon afterwards. The government of Progressive Conservative Brian Mulroney cast a much more critical eye on the Soviet Union, despite the changes produced in that country by Mikhail Gorbachev's \"perestroika\" and \"glasnost\" reforms. As late as January 1989, foreign minister", "id": "21203988" }, { "contents": "Polish Reformed Church\n\n\nNazi Germany invaded Poland and on September 17 so did the Soviet Union. After a desperate fight, Poland was annexed by Russia and Germany and the Government went into exile by the end of the month. Both the Nazis and Soviets instigated a true reign of terror in the conquered territory. These measures affected also the Reformed. In the Nazi sector the entire Anglican Synod of the Wilno Brethren (ca. 1000 members) was wiped out. In Łódź, the pastor was first forbidden to preach in Polish. When he started", "id": "16273018" }, { "contents": "Television in the Soviet Union\n\n\nTASS). In the beginning of the 1960s television in the USSR was expanding rapidly. The increase in the number of channels and the duration of daily broadcast caused shortage of content deemed suitable for broadcast. This led to production of television films, in particular of \"multiple-episode television films\" (Russian: многосерийный телевизионный фильм)—the official Soviet moniker for miniseries. Despite that the Soviet Union started broadcasting in color in 1967, color TV sets did not become widespread until the end of the 1980s. This justified shooting made-", "id": "6364939" }, { "contents": "Soviet fur mafia\n\n\nThe Soviet fur mafia was a major organized crime uncovered in the Soviet Union in 1970s as a result of Operation 'Cartel' by KGB. It was operating around several \"underground\" furrier factories in Kazakh SSR. The case ended in prosecution of some 500 people, with 3 top \"tsekhoviks\" (owners of illegal factories) receiving death sentence. In the Soviet Union fur trade was a major source of hard currency. The case started in 1972 by an accident when during an investigation of a robbery in Moscow when several", "id": "13536203" }, { "contents": "Soviet Union–United States relations\n\n\nin Poland, end of the SALT II negotiations, and the NATO exercise in 1983 that brought the superpowers almost on the brink of nuclear war. The period of détente ended when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. The United States, Pakistan, and their allies supported the rebels. To punish Moscow, The U.S. pulled out of the Moscow Olympics. President Jimmy Carter imposed an embargo on shipping American wheat. This hurt American farmers more than it did the Soviet economy, and President Ronald Reagan resumed sales in 1981.", "id": "18663708" }, { "contents": "Geography of the Soviet Union\n\n\nvoice in the USSR, they did not step forward, or they did not exist. Most certainly they did not exist in 1867 when Muir first began distributing his writing in the US. His efforts to promote environmentalism began 50 years before the start of the Bolshevik Revolution in late 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War (1918–21), known collectively as the Russian Revolution. The Soviet Union had not begun to exist until then. Under Gorbachev's leadership, the official attitude toward the environment changed. Various social and economic factors", "id": "2360280" }, { "contents": "Collectivization in the Soviet Union\n\n\nthe reintroduction of requisitioning which was resisted in rural areas. In 1928 there was a 2-million-ton shortfall in grains purchased by the Soviet Union from neighbouring markets. Stalin claimed the grain had been produced but was being hoarded by \"kulaks.\" When in reality the farmers were holding on to their grain because the prices were below market price. Stalin tried to appear as being on the side of the peasants, but it did not help, the peasants as whole started to resent the grain seizures. The peasants did everything", "id": "3283028" }, { "contents": "Uranium mining\n\n\nthe Belgian Congo, but they were pursued vigorously to ensure nuclear self-sufficiency. Similar efforts were undertaken in the Soviet Union, which did not have native stocks of uranium when it started developing its own atomic weapons program. Intensive exploration for uranium started after the end of World War II as a result of the military and civilian demand for uranium. There were three separate periods of uranium exploration or \"booms.\" These were from 1956 to 1960, 1967 to 1971, and from 1976 to 1982. In the 20th", "id": "13164456" }, { "contents": "Summit Series\n\n\nEaters in the 1961 championship. In the earliest days of the Soviet Union, bandy or \"Russian hockey\" was played, not \"Canadian hockey\", and the Soviets did not compete in the Olympics or World Championships, which played the Canadian game. Post-World War II, a goal of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union was world supremacy in sport. The decision was made to transfer resources to the Canadian game. Starting in the 1940s, the Soviet Union started a Soviet hockey league playing the Canadian game", "id": "13777982" }, { "contents": "Russia involvement in regime change\n\n\n. By mid-1987 the Soviet Union, now under reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev, announced it would start withdrawing its forces after meetings with the Afghan government. The final troop withdrawal started on May 15, 1988, and ended on February 15, 1989, leaving the government forces alone in the battle against the insurgents, which continued until 1992 when the former Soviet-backed government collapsed. Due to its length, it has sometimes been referred to as the \"Soviet Union's Vietnam War\" or the \"Bear Trap\" by the", "id": "20003062" }, { "contents": "Predictions of the dissolution of the Soviet Union\n\n\npredicted chances of some form of communism existing in the Soviet Union in 2017 was a little more than 50 per cent. Finally when the end did come in a few more decades, Brzezinski wrote, it would be \"most likely turbulent.\" Ferenc Farkas de Kisbarnak, an exiled Hungarian general and leader of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN), predicted the dissolution of the Soviet Union due to nationalist pressures. From June 12–14 of 1950, the Convention of the ABN was held in Edinburgh, Scotland under", "id": "8307421" }, { "contents": "Interim Peace\n\n\ndemand for nickel in the Third Reich for 20 years. Later on, at the end of 1940, the Germans raised their estimate of the Kolosjoki nickel reserves four times larger. Negotiations with the Soviet Union had dragged on for six months when the Soviet Foreign Ministry announced on January 14, 1941 that the negotiations had to be concluded quickly. On the same day, the Soviet Union interrupted grain deliveries to Finland. Soviet ambassador Zotov was recalled home on January 18 and Soviet radio broadcasts started attacking Finland. On January 21 1941", "id": "18280826" }, { "contents": "Communist Party of Norway\n\n\nwhereas 30 voted for merging it into SV. Larsen did not stand for re-election, and Martin Gunnar Knutsen was elected as the new party chairman. After the congress, Larsen and others left NKP to join the Socialist Left Party. After Mikhail Gorbachev gained power in the Soviet Union and started his reform program, NKP, as most other European Communist parties did, started revising its views of past Soviet policies. The party started distancing itself from the practises of the Soviet Union, and focused on a \"softer\"", "id": "1334553" }, { "contents": "List of Russian bandy champions\n\n\nthe then Soviet Union was held in 1936 but wasn't resumed for the next 14 years. Starting in 1950, the Soviet Union Bandy Championship became annual and continued to exist up until the 1990-91 season, when mid-season, the Soviet Union was dissolved, so the 1991 champion was instead named Champion of the Commonwealth of Independent States. For the following season, 1991–92, the \"Russian Bandy League\" was formed and the champion has since become Russian Champion. The league is ended with a play-off", "id": "2676567" }, { "contents": "History of the Soviet Union (1964–82)\n\n\nangry Fidel Castro who accused the Soviet Union of \"capitulationism\". \"Détente\", literally the easing of strained relations, or in Russian \"unloading\", was a Brerzhnew initiative that characterized 1969 to 1974. It meant \"ideological co-existence\" in the context of Soviet foreign policy, but it did not, however, entail an end to competition between capitalist and communist societies. The Soviet leadership's policy did, however, help to ease the Soviet Union's strained relations with the United States. Several arms", "id": "13954135" }, { "contents": "Russia–Syria relations\n\n\ncreation of the Soviet Union (1922), the Russian presence in Syria came to an end, which continued during the French Mandate period (1923−1946). Although the Soviet Union did not play a political role in the region, it did promote the establishment of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party in 1924. Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Syria were established in July 1944. The Soviet Union commenced to again take an interest in the Middle East after the Second World War. The two countries signed a secret agreement on", "id": "11408642" }, { "contents": "Political repression in the Soviet Union\n\n\nThroughout the history of the Soviet Union, millions of people suffered political repression, which was an instrument of the state since the October Revolution. It culminated during the Stalin era, then declined, but it continued to exist during the \"Khrushchev Thaw\", followed by increased persecution of Soviet dissidents during the Brezhnev stagnation, and it did not cease to exist until late in Mikhail Gorbachev's rule when it was ended in keeping with his policies of glasnost and perestroika. Early on, the Leninist view of the class conflict and", "id": "21805631" }, { "contents": "Nicholas Daniloff\n\n\nhad confidential government documents on him when he was arrested. After intense discussion between the governments, on September 23 Daniloff was allowed to leave the Soviet Union without charges, Zakharov was allowed to leave the U.S. after pleading \"nolo contendere,\" and Soviet dissident Yuri Orlov was released to the West. However, the diplomatic crisis did not end there. Expulsions of diplomats and suspected spies escalated to the point that by the end of October 1986, 100 Soviets, including a further 80 suspected Soviet intelligence agents, were expelled by", "id": "3418455" }, { "contents": "Miniseries\n\n\nmultiple-episode television films\" (Russian: многосерийный телевизионный фильм \"mnogoseriyny televizionny film\")—the official Soviet moniker for miniseries. Despite that the Soviet Union started broadcasting in color in 1967, color TV sets did not become widespread until the end of the 1980s. This justified shooting made-for-TV movies on black-and-white film. The 1965 four-episode \"\" is considered the first Soviet miniseries. It is a period drama set in the Second World War depicting the Soviet guerrilla fighters infiltrating German compound and directing", "id": "1811008" }, { "contents": "Zbigniew Brzezinski\n\n\na few more decades. He said there were five possibilities for the Soviet Union: successful pluralization, protracted crisis, renewed stagnation, coup (by the KGB or Soviet military), or the explicit collapse of the Communist regime. He called collapse \"at this stage a much more remote possibility\" than protracted crisis. He also predicted that the chance of some form of communism existing in the Soviet Union in 2017 was a little more than 50% and that when the end did come it would be \"most likely turbulent", "id": "13247912" }, { "contents": "Republics of the Soviet Union\n\n\nAutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFSR. The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida) was also proclaimed in 1918, but did not became a union republic and was made into an autonomous republic of the RSFSR, although the Crimean Tatars had a relative majority until the 1930s or 1940s according to censuses. When the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Soviet Union in 1944, it did not become a union republic, and was instead established as an autonomous republic of the RSFSR. The leader of the People's", "id": "7131983" }, { "contents": "Leonid Brezhnev\n\n\ntrade would stop the aggressive growth of communism in the third world. This did not happen, and the Soviet Union started funding the communist guerillas who fought actively against the U.S. during the Vietnam War. The U.S. ended the Vietnam War in a stalemate and lost Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam to communism. After Gerald Ford lost the presidential election to Jimmy Carter, American foreign policies became more overtly aggressive in vocabulary towards the Soviet Union and the communist world, attempts were also made to stop funding for repressive anti-communist governments and", "id": "5157795" }, { "contents": "70th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division (Soviet Union)\n\n\nThe 70th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division () was an anti-aircraft artillery division of the Soviet Union's Red Army (later the Soviet Army) during World War II and the early postwar period. Formed in the Volga Military District in late 1943, the division was moved forward to the Kiev Military District in March 1944. It did not see combat and was disbanded by the end of the 1950s. The division began forming around 3 October 1943, when Colonel Ivan Kurenkov was appointed commander. It was part of the", "id": "20991338" }, { "contents": "Consumer goods in the Soviet Union\n\n\nspecialists regarded the quality of goods available to be poor when judged by their standards and by the end of the 1980s, shortages became worse. By the time of the Soviet Union's collapse at the end of 1991, nearly every kind of food was rationed. Non-rationed foods and non-food consumer goods had virtually disappeared from state owned stores. While the gap was partially filled by non-state stores which started to appear in the mid-1980s, the prices in non-state stores were often five to ten times", "id": "168689" }, { "contents": "Remilitarization of the Rhineland\n\n\nUnion and Italy. Until 1933, the Soviet Union had supported German efforts to challenge the Versailles system, but the strident anti-communism of the National Socialist regime together with its claim for \"Lebensraum\" led the Soviets change positions on the question of maintaining the Versailles system. In September 1933, the Soviet Union ended its secret support for German rearmament, which had started in 1921. Under the guise of collective security, the Soviet Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov started to praise the Versailles system, which until then the Soviet leaders", "id": "11386603" }, { "contents": "Aftermath of the Winter War\n\n\nfor winter operations were improved. However, not all of these reforms had been completed when the Germans started Operation Barbarossa fourteen months later. In summer 1940, the Soviet Union occupied the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. During 1940, the Finns and Swedes successfully negotiated a military alliance, but the negotiations ended once it became clear that both Germany and the Soviet Union opposed such an alliance. During the four months of fighting, the Soviet Army suffered massive losses. One Red Army General, looking at a", "id": "11268251" }, { "contents": "Grigory Yavlinsky\n\n\nsuccessfully negotiated an economic union among Soviet republics. The agreement was signed by representatives of twelve republics in Alma-Ata on 18 October 1991. But when Yeltsin signed the Belavezha Accords, ending the Soviet Union and tearing up all the political and economic connections between the former Soviet republics, Yavlinsky left again as a sign of protest against Yeltsin's actions. A year later, Yavlinsky started his own political career. With the launching of the 'shock therapy' reforms by Yeltsin and Gaidar in January 1992, Yavlinsky became an outspoken", "id": "21335158" }, { "contents": "World War II by country\n\n\nThe Soviet Union threatened Estonia with war if Estonia did not agree with the mutual assistance pact, which required allowing the Soviet Union to build military bases into Estonia. The Estonian government convinced that winning a war against the Soviet Union was impossible, agreed on 28 September 1939. The Soviets conducted a [[coup d'état]] with the start of the full Soviet occupation of Estonia by the Red Army in June 1940, and [[1940 Estonian parliamentary election|a sham election]] was held under Soviet control. The new government", "id": "20972733" }, { "contents": "Soviet of Nationalities\n\n\nScience and Culture Commission, Trade Commission, Consumer Service and Municipal Economy Commission, Environmental Commission. The presidium of the Soviet of Nationalities \"ceased all noticeable work at the end of 1937,\" but it did \"survive as the sole central political institution formally devoted to the nationalities question.\" On December 26, 1991, the Soviet of the Republics adopted a resolution declaring that the Soviet Union no longer existed as a functioning state and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence. The Soviet of the Union had", "id": "21018060" }, { "contents": "Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan\n\n\nnewspaper in 2014, Gromov said that his words were directed at \"the leadership of the country, at those who start wars while others have to clean up the mess.\" Soviet support for the Najibullah government did not end with the withdrawal of the regular troops. Aid totalling several billion dollars was sent by the Soviet Union to Afghanistan, including military aircraft (MiG-27s) and Scud missiles. Due primarily to this aid, the Najibullah government held onto power for much longer than the CIA and State Department expected. The mujahideen", "id": "4142010" }, { "contents": "Sheng Shicai\n\n\nSheng Shicai (; 3 December 1895 – 13 July 1970) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. Sheng's rise to power started with a coup d'état in 1933 when he was appointed the \"duban\" or Military Governor of Xinjiang. His rule over Xinjiang is marked by close cooperation with the Soviet Union, allowing the Soviets trade monopoly and exploitation of resources, which effectively made a small part of Xinjiang a Soviet puppet state. The Soviet era ended in 1942, when Sheng approached the Nationalist Chinese government", "id": "15157941" }, { "contents": "History of the Soviet Union\n\n\nin the Soviet Union, devastated much of the USSR with about one out of every three World War II deaths representing a citizen of the Soviet Union. After World War II the Soviet Union's armies occupied Central and Eastern Europe, where socialist governments took power. By 1949 the Cold War had started between the Western Bloc and the Eastern (Soviet) Bloc, with the Warsaw Pact pitched against NATO in Europe. After 1945 Stalin did not directly engage in any wars. Stalin continued his totalitarian rule until his death in 1953", "id": "6675128" }, { "contents": "Test No. 6\n\n\nhad received extensive technical help from the Soviet Union to jump-start their nuclear program, but by 1960, the rift between the Soviet Union and China had become so great that the Soviet Union ceased all assistance to China and refused to help the Chinese government with their nuclear program. The Number 6 test was classified as an independent endeavor, after the induced military and economic sanctions enacted by the superpowers at the time, the United States and the Soviet Union did not prevent them from successfully testing the weapon. The goal of", "id": "4142870" }, { "contents": "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\n\n\nand the formation of the Poor Peasants Committees, when a deep cleavage took place among the peasantry. At this point the Left SRs sided with the more affluent peasants and initiated a revolt against Soviet power. The revolt was suppressed by the Soviet Government. However, Russia was still at war with Germany and Austria-Hungary. In the view of the Bolsheviks, the war had to be ended in order to consolidate Soviet power. The Soviet Government called upon 'all the belligerent peoples and their governments to start immediate negotiations for", "id": "10878523" }, { "contents": "Cabinet of Jan Olszewski\n\n\nChristian National Union as well as the . Olszewski cabinet worked under new international conditions. At the end of December 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved. This motivated the government to start integration with NATO and European Community. For the first time, in official documents, it was mentioned that membership in NATO is part of Polish defence strategies. Negotiations to withdraw Russian armies from Poland started at the end of October 1990, we speeded up. In March 1992, period of confusion occurred when president Lech Wałęsa presented his conception of", "id": "3964752" }, { "contents": "State continuity of the Baltic states\n\n\nBaltic ships in their ports to the Soviet Union. The Soviet government brought lawsuits against Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States without results. American and British courts did not recognise the Soviet authority to the property of Baltic nationals. However, states gave Baltic legations and consulates to the Soviet Union. With some of transfers were stated that the process did not involve legal title. At the end of the Second World War, the building housing the Estonian Legation in Berlin was placed under guardianship by the German authorities", "id": "6994597" }, { "contents": "Soviet–Afghan War\n\n\nincreased, but the military and diplomatic cost of the war to the USSR was high. By mid-1987 the Soviet Union, now under reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev, announced it would start withdrawing its forces after meetings with the Afghan government. The final troop withdrawal started on May 15, 1988, and ended on February 15, 1989, leaving the government forces alone in the battle against the insurgents, which continued until 1992 when the former Soviet-backed government collapsed. Due to its length, it has sometimes been referred to as", "id": "2496364" }, { "contents": "Finnish war reparations to the Soviet Union\n\n\nto the Soviet Union. For delivering the needed amount of the wooden houses to the Soviet Union, a joint venture, Puutalo Oy, was established. The last delivery of wooden houses took place on 28 January 1948. The deliveries started on 22 December 1944. Altogether the floor area of the delivered wooden houses was 840,000 m. The war reparation itself contributed 177,000 m as compensation for the German property, which Finland did not hand over to the Soviet Union. This consisted of 37,208 railway wagons, which as a single train would", "id": "6748032" }, { "contents": "Salyut programme\n\n\n\" – was to signify the intentions of the Soviet Union to bring peace to the world. However, it was during the time of \"Mir\" that the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991, ending what was begun with the 1917 October Revolution in Russia. This dissolution had started with the Soviet \"perestroika and glasnost\" (\"restructuring and openness\") reform campaigns by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s, had reached a preliminary endpoint with the revolutions of 1989 and the end of the communist Eastern Bloc (Warsaw", "id": "4376410" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of the Soviet Union\n\n\nhowever, did run up a debt to Moscow during those years. Throughout much of the Cold War, Syria and Iraq were each ruled by rival fractions of the pan-Arab Baath Party and the two nations were often tense towards one another despite their close relations with the Soviet Union. Their relationship, which had been lukewarm at best since 1963, started to change in a dramatic fashion when Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, was overthrown in February 1979 and replaced with the pro-Islamist regime of Ayatollah Ruhollah", "id": "5545173" }, { "contents": "Red Army\n\n\nXinjiang (1934), when it was assisted by White Russian forces, and the Xinjiang rebellion (1937). The Red Army achieved its objectives; it maintained effective control over the Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway, and successfully installed a pro-Soviet regime in Xinjiang. The Winter War (, , ) was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939—three months after the start of World War II and the Soviet invasion of Poland, and ended on 13 March 1940 with", "id": "6151323" }, { "contents": "Kuril Islands dispute\n\n\ngive up \"all right, title and claim to the Kuril Islands\", but it also does not recognize the Soviet Union's sovereignty over them. Japan claims that at least some of the disputed islands are not a part of the Kuril Islands, and thus are not covered by the treaty. Russia maintains that the Soviet Union's sovereignty over the islands was recognized in post-war agreements. Japan and the Soviet Union ended their formal state of war with the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, but did not", "id": "3080599" }, { "contents": "Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941\n\n\ncommission concluded in December 1989 that the protocol had existed. In 1992, only after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the document itself was declassified. After the war, historians have argued about the start of Soviet-German rapprochement. There are many conflicting points of view in historiography as to when the Soviet side began to seek rapprochement and when the secret political negotiations started. Some scholars argue that for a long time the collective security doctrine was a sincere and unanimous position of the Soviet leadership, pursuing a purely defensive line", "id": "14978604" }, { "contents": "The Holocaust in Latvia\n\n\nto Rumbula weekly and cleaned up and restored the site using shovels, wheelbarrows and other hand tools. The site has been marked by a series of makeshift memorials over the years. Throughout the Soviet domination of Latvia the Soviets refused to allow any memorial which would specifically identify the victims as Jews. The Soviet Union suppressed research into and memorials of the Holocaust in Latvia until 1991, when Soviet rule over Latvia ended. In one case a memorial at Rumbula of which the authorities did not approve was simply hauled away in the middle", "id": "13252644" }, { "contents": "List of Soviet Union military equipment of World War II\n\n\nThe following is a list of Soviet military equipment of World War II which includes artillery, vehicles and vessels. World War II was the deadliest war in history which started in 1939 and ended in 1945. Following political instability built-up in Europe from 1930, Germany, which aimed to dominate Europe, attacked Poland on the 1st of September 1939, marking the start of World War II. The USSR (Soviet Union) joined the attack on Poland from 17th September 1939. The war in Europe ended on 8th May 1945", "id": "2707616" }, { "contents": "Treaty of San Francisco\n\n\nFrom the start of the conference the Soviet Union expressed vigorous and vocal opposition to the draft treaty text prepared by the United States and the United Kingdom. The Soviet delegation made several unsuccessful procedural attempts to stall the proceedings. The Soviet Union's objections were detailed in a lengthy September 8, 1951, statement by Gromyko. The statement contained a number of the Soviet Union's claims and assertions: that the treaty did not provide any guarantees against the rise of Japanese militarism; that China was not invited to participate despite being one", "id": "15095827" }, { "contents": "1936 Summer Olympics\n\n\n; the Soviets did attend the Spartakiad-sponsored 1937 Workers' Summer Olympiad in Antwerp, Belgium. The Soviet Union started competing in the Olympics in 1952, when Soviet leaders realized that they can use the event to fulfil their political and ideological agenda. Halet Çambel and Suat Fetgeri Așani, the first Turkish and Muslim women athletes to participate in the Olympics (fencing), refused an offer by their guide to be formally introduced to Adolf Hitler, saying they would not shake hands with him due to his approach to Jews,", "id": "18375363" }, { "contents": "Rail transport in the Soviet Union\n\n\nof them were ALCOs and the other half Baldwins. All were 1000 hp which in the US were primarily used for switching and for short trains but were suitable for mainline operation in the Soviet Union. But they didn't begin arriving in the USSR until the start of 1945 when the war was almost over. After the end of the war, the production of diesel locomotives, which had been curtailed in 1937, was resumed with the first locomotives appearing in 1947. The US-made ALCO was superior to the pre-", "id": "19950417" }, { "contents": "Soviet Union national football team\n\n\nminutes left in extra time to give the Soviets the inaugural European Championship. In the 1962 World Cup, the Soviet team was in Group 1 with Yugoslavia, Colombia and Uruguay. The match between Soviet Union and Colombia ended 4–4; Colombia scored a series of goals (68’, 72’, 86’). Star goalkeeper Lev Yashin was in poor form both against Colombia and Chile. His form was considered as one of the main reasons why Soviet Union team did not gain more success in the tournament. In 1964", "id": "9321487" }, { "contents": "Lada VFTS\n\n\nVolungevičius (design of Lada 2108 EVA). However, after ban of the Group B cars the production did not last for long. As the Soviet Union abolished the production of these cars various rally drivers started to copy VFTS design and technical solutions. LADA-VFTS became very popular in Hungary. Lada VFTS cars reappeared in the H class of the Hungarian championship at the end of the 1990s. Nowadays, this car is very popular among rally drivers in ex-Soviet and other European countries. For example, Russian rally", "id": "2792378" }, { "contents": "Yuli Daniel\n\n\nhave no difficulty pinpointing the birth of the modern Soviet dissident movement. It began in February 1966 with the trial of Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, two Russian writers who ridiculed the Communist regime in satires smuggled abroad and published under pen names. They didn't realize at the time that they were starting a movement that would help end Communist rule.\" Sinyavsky and Daniel did not intend to oppose the Soviet Union. Daniel was genuinely worried about a resurgence of the Cult of Personality under Khrushchev, which inspired his story \"This", "id": "6585818" }, { "contents": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic\n\n\nthe union with Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, thus creating the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which would last until 1991. The TSFSR, however, did not last long. In December 1936, the Transcaucasian Union was finally dismantled when the leaders in the Union Council found themselves unable to come to agreement over several issues. Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia then became union Republics of the Soviet Union directly. In the spring of 1921, a general change-over from revkoms and kombeds to Soviets took place. In order", "id": "16815204" }, { "contents": "Bloodlands\n\n\nethnic Poles and Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946); between the two of them, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union killed about 200,000 Polish citizens in the period 1939–1941. Snyder noted that, after the Western Allies had allied themselves with Stalin against Hitler, when the war ended they did not have the will to fight the second totalitarian regime. As American and British soldiers never entered Eastern Europe, the tragedy of those lands did not become well known to the American or British populace (see Western betrayal). Timothy", "id": "15392311" }, { "contents": "German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union\n\n\nPOWs rose – to 2,000,000 in April 1945. A total of 2.8 million German Wehrmacht personnel were held as POWs by the Soviet Union at the end of the war, according to Soviet records. A large number of German POWs had been released by the end of 1946, when the Soviet Union held fewer POWs than the United Kingdom and France between them. With the creation of a pro-Soviet German state in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany – the German Democratic Republic – in October 1949, all but 85,000 POWs had", "id": "1373688" }, { "contents": "Jack F. Matlock Jr.\n\n\nWashington in 1983 to work at the National Security Council, with the assignment to develop a negotiating strategy to end the arms race. When Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, arms negotiations and summit meetings resumed. Matlock was appointed ambassador to the Soviet Union in 1987 and saw the last years of the Soviet Union before he retired from the Foreign Service in 1991. After leaving the Foreign Service, he wrote an account of the end of the Soviet Union titled \"Autopsy on an Empire\", followed", "id": "2556998" }, { "contents": "Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956\n\n\nThe Soviet Union did not sign the Treaty of Peace with Japan in 1951. On October 19, 1956, Japan and the Soviet Union signed a Joint Declaration providing for the end of the state of war, and for restoration of diplomatic relations between USSR and Japan. The two parties also agreed to continue negotiations for a peace treaty, including territorial issues. In addition, the Soviet Union pledged to support Japan for the UN membership and waive all World War II reparations claims. The joint declaration was accompanied by a trade protocol", "id": "11035693" }, { "contents": "Salyut programme\n\n\nPact and the CoMEcon), finally to reach the Soviet Union itself in 1991. While the Russian Federation became the successor to much of the dissolved Soviet Union and was in a position to continue the Soviet space program with the Russian Federal Space Agency, it faced severe difficulties: imports and exports had steeply declined as the economic exchange with CoMEcon nations had crumbled away, leaving the industry of the former Soviet Union in shambles. Not only did the political change in eastern Europe signify an end of contributions to the space program by", "id": "4376411" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of India\n\n\nchanges to its foreign policy. It developed a close relationship with the Soviet Union and started receiving massive military equipment and financial assistance from the USSR. This had an adverse effect on the Indo-US relationship. The United States saw Pakistan as a counterweight to pro-Soviet India and started giving the former military assistance. This created an atmosphere of suspicion between India and the US. The Indo-US relationship suffered a considerable setback when the Soviets took over Afghanistan when India overtly supported the Soviet Union. Relations between India and", "id": "14765599" }, { "contents": "First Red Scare\n\n\nwith the Soviet Union that would be justified by the clash with American ideals and goals. In addition, when \"The New York Times\" reported positively about the Soviet Union, it received less attention from the public than when it reported antagonistically about it. This did not hold true when Soviet interests agreed with American ones. As a result of this, the \"Times\" had a tendency to use exaggerated headlines, weighted words, and questionable sources in order to create a negative slant against the Soviets and communism. The", "id": "19590330" }, { "contents": "Lithuania–Russia relations\n\n\nthe implementation of Soviet and Lithuanian communist policies that mandated their partial replacement by Russian immigrants. Vilnius was then increasingly settled by Lithuanians and assimilated by Lithuanian culture, which fulfilled, albeit under the oppressive and limiting conditions of the Soviet rule, the long-held dream of Lithuanian nationalists. The economy of Lithuania did well in comparison with other regions of the Soviet Union. In 1956 and 1957, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved releases of larger groups of the deportees, including the Lithuanians. Deportees started returning in large", "id": "2318178" }, { "contents": "Nuclear disarmament\n\n\nand the new Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, the United States and the Soviet Union concluded two important nuclear arms reduction treaties: the INF Treaty (1987) and START I (1991). After the end of the Cold War, the United States and the Russian Federation concluded the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (2003) and the New START Treaty (2010). When the extreme danger intrinsic to nuclear war and the possession of nuclear weapons became apparent to all sides during the Cold War, a series of disarmament and nonproliferation", "id": "2323453" }, { "contents": "Western betrayal\n\n\nto do anything else, and that they were in no shape to start an utterly un-winnable war with the Soviet Union over the subjugation of Poland and other Central and Eastern European countries immediately after the end of World War II. It could be contended that the presence of a double standard with respect to Nazi and Soviet aggression existed in 1939 and 1940, when the Soviets attacked eastern part of Poland, and then the Baltic States, and then Finland, and yet the Western Allies chose not to intervene in those theatres", "id": "13832968" }, { "contents": "1979–80 Biathlon World Cup\n\n\nThe 1979–80 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 18 January 1980 in Ruhpolding, West Germany, and ended on 30 March 1980 in Murmansk, Soviet Union. It was the third season of the Biathlon World Cup, and it was only held for men. Below is the World Cup calendar for the 1979–80 season. \"*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards", "id": "21231059" }, { "contents": "Nostalgia for the Soviet Union\n\n\nby the Levada Center has shown that over 50 percent of Russia's population lamented its collapse, with the only exception to this being in the year 2012 when support for the Soviet Union dipped below 50 percent. A 2018 poll showed that 66% of Russians regretted the fall of the Soviet Union, setting a 15-year record, and the majority of these regretful votes came from people older than 55. In Armenia, 12% of respondents said the USSR collapse did good, while 66% said it did harm. In Kyrgyzstan", "id": "12464536" }, { "contents": "Treaty on the Creation of the USSR\n\n\n, the USSR was self-dissolved by the \"Council of the Republics\" of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the first house of Soviet legislature (the second house, the \"Council of the Union\", was without a quorum). The Treaty was a result of many internal political conflicts within the Bolshevik Party and governments inside the Union. Initially Vladimir Lenin did not see that Russia's October Revolution would end all foreign borders as such. This view was supported by Leon Trotsky and his followers, who", "id": "9284636" }, { "contents": "Jorma Vanamo\n\n\nsystems in the Foreign Ministry. He served as secretary of state until the end of the war. Vanomo also translated the first draft of the Finno-Soviet Treaty in May 1945. When the diplomatic relations between Finland and the Soviet Union returned, Vanamo returned to Moscow in August 1945. He continued his duties in Moscow until 1948. This term also included the Finnish-Soviet treaty negotiations. Vanamo did not personally participate in the negotiations but was responsible for sending delegations of secret ballot, which was why he was well aware", "id": "20510906" }, { "contents": "Evil Empire speech\n\n\nSoviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, in Moscow. When asked by a reporter whether he still thought the Soviet Union was an \"evil empire\", Reagan responded that he no longer did, and that when he used the term it was \"another time, another era\". Historians such as Yale University's John Lewis Gaddis have grown more favorable towards the use and influence of the phrase \"evil empire\" in describing the Soviet Union. In \"The Cold War\" Gaddis argues that, in their use of the phrase", "id": "74407" }, { "contents": "Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941\n\n\nNazi Germany started its quest for a pact with the Soviet Union at some point in the spring of 1939 in order to prevent an English–Soviet–French alliance and to secure Soviet neutrality in a future Polish–German war. Some argue that the rapprochement could start as early as in 1935–1936, when Soviet trade representative in Berlin David Kandelaki made attempts at political negotiations on behalf of Stalin and Molotov, behind Litvinov's back. Molotov's speech to the Central Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet in January 1936 is usually taken", "id": "14978606" }, { "contents": "Project Hula\n\n\nin military operations against the other, both being fully occupied with the wars in which they already were involved. Thus, the countries maintained a scrupulous neutrality toward one another until almost the very end of World War II; other than inspecting cargos to ensure they did not include war materials and protesting the reflagging of American ships as Soviet ones, Japan did not deliberately interfere militarily with Lend-Lease convoys carrying war materiel from the United States to the Soviet Union in the North Pacific, and the Soviet Union turned down American requests", "id": "7417715" }, { "contents": "Presidency of Hafez al-Assad\n\n\n-Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973. During the 1982 Lebanon War, the Soviet Union kept a policy of low profile. The Soviets did not send arms or exert pressure to end the conflict. This damaged the prestige of the Soviet in the Middle East. The strengthening of ties with the Soviet Union, and the increased Soviet military support and political backing were part of the Assad's policy of strategic balance with Israel. In 1983, during the power struggle between Assad's forces and his brother", "id": "21764466" }, { "contents": "Soviet industry in World War II\n\n\nThe Soviet Union took part in World War II from 1941 on wards till the wars end in 1945. At the start of the war, the Soviet Union suffered loss of valuable lands with economic and agricultural potential, great industrial losses and human casualties. This was all caused by the invasion of the Soviet Union by Axis forces in Operation Barbarossa and it resulted in a rapid decline in industrial and agricultural production. This required the country's leadership to take urgent measures to strengthen the nations economy, with a primary focus on the", "id": "14797432" }, { "contents": "Iron Curtain\n\n\nRomania (Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, late June 1940), Estonia (1940) and eastern Finland (March 1940). From August 1939, relations between the West and the Soviets deteriorated further when the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany engaged in an extensive economic relationship by which the Soviet Union sent Germany vital oil, rubber, manganese and other materials in exchange for German weapons, manufacturing machinery and technology. Nazi–Soviet trade ended in June 1941 when Germany broke the Pact and invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. In", "id": "21851194" }, { "contents": "Ernst Jaakson\n\n\n. In 1928, he started work in the Information Division of the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1929-1932, Jaakson worked as the secretary of the Estonian honorary consul in San Francisco. In 1932, he was assigned to the Estonian Consulate General in New York. When the Soviet Union occupied Estonia in 1940 and again in 1944, the United States and other democratic nations invoked the Stimson Doctrine, did not recognize the legality of Soviet annexation of Estonia, and continued to recognize the diplomatic representatives of the Republic of", "id": "5956385" }, { "contents": "Soviet Student Olympiads\n\n\nand the schools of the transportation ministry system did not compete at the republican level and sent their teams directly to the All-Union round. This round was a final round for Soviet students. It recognized the best students of the Soviet Union in each subject for every grade. In America, it would be on a national level. The winners from the previous round could participate in teams and individually. This round was organized by Soviet Ministry of Education. This round was usually conducted at the end of the school year.", "id": "14307961" }, { "contents": "Commonwealth of Independent States\n\n\npoint, 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics participated in the CIS. The three Baltic states did not, reflecting their governments' and people's view that the post-1940 Soviet occupation of their territory was illegitimate (in 2004 they joined NATO and the European Union). The CIS and Soviet Union also legally co-existed briefly with each other until 26 December 1991, when Soviet President Gorbachev stepped down, officially dissolving the Soviet Union. This was followed by Ivan Korotchenya becoming Executive Secretary of the CIS on the same day.", "id": "16324818" }, { "contents": "Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic\n\n\npolitical activity in the republic, and, except for a corruption scandal in the mid-1980s that ousted longtime First Secretary Muhammetnazar Gapurow, Turkmenistan remained a quiet Soviet republic. Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika did not have a significant impact on Turkmenistan, as many people there were self-dependent, and settlers of the territory and the Soviet Union's ministers rarely intertwined. The republic found itself rather unprepared for the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the independence that followed in 1991. When other constituent republics of the Soviet Union", "id": "20514648" }, { "contents": "History of computing in the Soviet Union\n\n\nand most Western countries, the Soviet Union failed to keep up. By 1989, there were over 200,000 computers in the country. In 1984 the Soviet Union had about 300,000 trained programmers, but they did not have enough equipment to be productive. Although the Ministry of Radio Technology was the leading manufacturer of Soviet computers by 1980, the ministry's leadership viewed the development of a prototypical personal computer with deep skepticism and thought that a computer could never be personal. The following year, when the Soviet government adopted a resolution to", "id": "8413905" }, { "contents": "Action of 6 December 1941\n\n\nThe Action of 6 December 1941 was a confrontation between the Bulgarian and Soviet navies in the Black Sea during World War II, taking place near the Bulgarian coast at Cape Emine. When the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union commenced in June 1941, Bulgaria did not declare war on the Soviet Union, nor did it make any contribution to the land invasion. The country however did offer naval support to the Axis, allowing Axis warships to use Bulgarian ports and even used three of its torpedo boats (including \"Drazki\")", "id": "19415699" }, { "contents": "Pakistan–Russia relations\n\n\nthe end of years of Cold War, Soviet Union announced to establish a 1 GW commercial nuclear power plant in Pakistan, but after witnessing its aging technology Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, later followed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, did not authorize the purchase and showed little interest in aging Soviet technology. In 1992, Prime minister Nawaz Sharif released the details and company of Soviet soldiers to the Russian government when Alexander Rutskoy visited the country, after meeting in a committee led by Deputy Foreign Minister of Pakistan, Shahryar Khan. After the", "id": "13384556" }, { "contents": "Religion in Georgia (country)\n\n\nlong episodes of foreign domination. After Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire, the Russian Orthodox Church took over the Georgian church in 1811. The Georgian church regained its autocephaly only when Russian rule ended in 1917. The Soviet regime that ruled Georgia from 1921 did not consider revitalization of the Georgian church an important goal, however. Soviet rule brought severe purges of the Georgian church hierarchy and frequent repression of Orthodox worship. As elsewhere in the Soviet Union, many churches were destroyed or converted into secular buildings. This history of", "id": "3605547" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Georgia (country)\n\n\nof foreign domination. After Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire, the Russian Orthodox Church took over the Georgian church in 1811. The Georgian church regained its autocephaly only when Russian rule ended in 1917. The Soviet regime that ruled Georgia from 1921 did not consider revitalization of the Georgian church an important goal, however. Soviet rule brought severe purges of the Georgian church hierarchy and frequent repression of Orthodox worship. As elsewhere in the Soviet Union, many churches were destroyed or converted into secular buildings. This history of repression encouraged", "id": "3605612" }, { "contents": "Khoren Oganesian\n\n\nfootball could not be overstated.\" In 1975, Hovhannisyan joined the Soviet Union national under-21 football team, coached by Valentin Nikolayev. He was a part of the Soviet youth team when it won the UEFA Euro 1976 U-21. Hovhannisyan's skill went noticed by the coaches of the Soviet Union national football team, which he started playing for in 1979, when the team was managed by Konstantin Beskov. The following year, as part of the Soviet Union Olympic football team, the USSR squad won bronze at the 1980 Summer Olympics", "id": "7801685" }, { "contents": "Japan–Soviet Union relations\n\n\nhappened on the border of Manchuria, escalating into an undeclared border war which was decided in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol (1939), which took place at the Mongolian-Manchurian border. The Soviet Union won decisively, and deterred Japan from any further aggression during World War II. In 1941, two years after the border war, Japan and the Soviet Union signed a neutrality pact. Later in 1941, Japan would consider breaking the pact when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), but they did not", "id": "11036111" }, { "contents": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union\n\n\nrugby is popular in Great Britain, New Zealand, France, Romania and Australia, it tellingly makes no mention of South Africa. Chris Thau says that France approached the USSR before 1987 on the issue, and that the Soviets said that they would be happy to participate if South Africa was not invited. In the end, South Africa was not invited, but the USSR did not attend either. It has been said that: The Soviets leaned on other nations heavily: In 1988, Eduard Tatulian, the Soviet director of", "id": "12902067" }, { "contents": "Japan–Soviet Union relations\n\n\nWar II, and even today matters remain unresolved. Strains in Japan–Soviet Union relations have deep historical roots, going back to the competition of the Japanese and Russian empires for dominance in Northeast Asia. The Soviet government refused to sign the 1951 peace treaty and the state of war between the Soviet Union and Japan technically existed until 1956, when it was ended by the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956. A formal peace treaty between the Soviet Union (subsequently Russia) and Japan still has not been signed. The", "id": "11036104" }, { "contents": "Finnish Army\n\n\nfront from Gulf of Finland to Kainuu. The front in the Northern Finland was the responsibility of German AOK Norwegen. During summer and autumn 1941, the Finnish Army re-conquered the areas lost to the Soviet Union in the Winter War and pushed deep into Soviet territory in Eastern Karelia. In winter 1942, the Finnish political leadership ended offensive action and the front stagnated for over two years. The relatively inactive period of stationary war ended abruptly in June 1944, as the Soviet Union started its Fourth Strategic Offensive. As a", "id": "13194060" }, { "contents": "Armenia–Hungary relations\n\n\nArmenia–Hungary relations refer to the diplomatic relations between Armenia and Hungary. Since the end of World War II, the two countries were under communist domination as both Hungary (Hungarian People's Republic) and Armenia (Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic) was a satellite state and the constituent republic of the Soviet Union respectively. Diplomatic relations between the two nations started at the end of the Cold War, mainly with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. There are around 15,000 people of Armenian descent living in Hungary. On 31", "id": "4133510" }, { "contents": "Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941\n\n\nfor raids and attacks on shipping. The last negotiations with Finland had been initiated by the Soviet side as part of its collective security policy in April 1938, and aimed to reach an understanding and to secure a favorable Finnish position in case of a German attack on the Soviet Union through Finnish territory, but this had proven futile due to the Finnish reluctance to break its neutrality, and negotiations ended in April 1939, shortly before Litvinov's dismissal. On October 13, 1939 new negotiations started in Moscow, and the Soviet Union", "id": "14978574" }, { "contents": "Sino-Soviet border conflict\n\n\nincident, confirmed Defense Minister Lin Biao as Mao's heir apparent. Following the events of 1969, the Soviet Union further increased its forces along the Sino-Soviet border, and in the Mongolian People's Republic. Overall, the Sino-Soviet confrontation, which reached its peak in 1969, paved the way to a profound transformation in the international political system. Serious border demarcation negotiations did not occur until shortly before the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. In particular, both sides agreed that Zhenbao Island belonged to China", "id": "8846978" }, { "contents": "Soviet Union Olympic football team\n\n\nThe Soviet Union Olympic football team was the national football team of the Soviet Union from 1959 to 1990. The team participated in most of the qualification football tournaments for Summer Olympics. Until 1992, when age restrictions were officially introduced, the Soviet Union fielded its reserves in qualification tournaments, while in the finals the first team participated. Starting from 1990 the Soviet Union national under-21 football team participated in the Olympic qualifying competitions. Officially the Olympic national team was founded in 1959 after the FIFA adopted its decision in 1958 prohibiting players who", "id": "5146634" }, { "contents": "Forest Brothers\n\n\nof the surviving former Forest Brothers remained bitter that the West did not take on the Soviet Union militarily. (See also Yalta Conference). When the brutal suppression of the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 did not bring about an intervention by, or a supportive response from, Western Powers, organized resistance in the Baltic States declined further. As the conflict was relatively undocumented by the Soviet Union (the Baltic fighters were formally charged as common criminals), some consider it and the Soviet-Baltic conflict as a whole to be an", "id": "8616575" }, { "contents": "Bijan Jazani\n\n\n\"The group had many reasons to not be happy with the idea of Soviet Union being the leader of the world revolutionary movements. The Soviet Unions policies in Iran in the past twenty years and the few years of bad relationship between the Soviet Union and the Tudeh party were known to the members of the group.\" It was because of this that Jazani came to the conclusion when seeing the relationship of the Soviet Union and Tudeh and Eastern Europe at the end of the decade of 1950 that: \"... if the left", "id": "10417148" }, { "contents": "Cold War (1979–1985)\n\n\nand attempted a systemic reform. He dismissed many party ministers and secretaries due to their corruption. Andropov also established the Soviet Union's rational state-society relations, which was designed to ceate resistance from both the elites and the masses. The statists plan did not work because Andropov died, and the plan alone did not have the strength to be successful. Andropov thought invading Afghanistan and starting a war was a mistake. He believed it was not in the Soviet Union's best interest, and he gave four main reasons to", "id": "9256729" } ]

[ { "contents": "Mrs. Claus\n\n\na calm, kind, and patient woman, often in contrast to Santa himself, who can be prone to acting too exuberant. Mrs. Claus has appeared as a secondary character in children's books about Santa Claus and as the main character in titles about herself. Mrs. Claus played a major role in several of Rankin/Bass' Christmas specials. In \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" (1964), she is seen as pestering her husband to eat, lest he become a “skinny Santa,” and in", "id": "5966316" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus' daughter\n\n\nSanta Claus' daughter is a fictional character of the Christmas folklore who appeared in North America in the late 19th century. One of the first works to present this figure was a short musical play of 1892 called \"Santa Claus' daughter\" (by Everett Elliott and F. W. Hardcastle). In this piece, the young Kitty Claus, who has known no one but her papa, asks him to find her a man. In his book NOEL (2000) Ed McCray told the life story of the Claus' daughter", "id": "18103840" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nforced to stop using the imagery. Psychologists generally differentiate between telling fictional stories that feature Santa Claus and actively deceiving a child into believing that Santa Claus is real. Imaginative play, in which children know that Santa Claus is only a character in a story but pretend that he is real, just like they pretend that superheroes or other fictional characters are real, is widely believed to be valuable. However, actively deceiving a child into believing in Santa Claus's real-world existence, sometimes even to the extent of fabricating false", "id": "19253741" }, { "contents": "List of Ice Age characters\n\n\n. This results in Prancer summoning his family to come help where they promise to help Santa Claus on Christmas. Santa Claus is a character in the special. Santa Claus is a magical human that brings children presents on Christmas. He has built thousands of toys and was about to deliver them when the impending avalanche caused by the characters destroyed the toys and his workshop. The herd alongside Prancer and the local Mini-Sloths were able to work to save Christmas by rebuilding the toys and Santa Claus' workshop. With the Mini", "id": "2576509" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nCharles Dickens's festive classic \"A Christmas Carol\" (1843), as a great genial man in a green coat lined with fur who takes Scrooge through the bustling streets of London on the current Christmas morning, sprinkling the essence of Christmas onto the happy populace. In the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas, Santa's presumed progenitor. Santa Claus is known as \"de Kerstman\" in Dutch (\"the Christmas man\") and \"Père Noël\" (\"Father", "id": "19253672" }, { "contents": "Mrs. Claus\n\n\n\"Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July\" (a movie that unites characters from \"Rudolph\" and \"Frosty the Snowman\", among other Rankin/Bass Christmas specials), Santa calls her \"Jessica\" at one point. In \"Santa Claus is Coming to Town\" (1970), she is introduced as a teacher named Jessica, who first meets Santa Claus (then known as Kris Kringle) as a young man, when he's trying to illegally deliver toys to a town run by a despotic ruler", "id": "5966317" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\n\"From Santa Claus\" before the gifts are laid beneath the tree. Ho ho ho is the way that many languages write out how Santa Claus laughs. \"Ho, ho, ho! Merry Christmas!\" It is the textual rendition of a particular type of deep-throated laugh or chuckle, most associated today with Santa Claus and Father Christmas. The laughter of Santa Claus has long been an important attribute by which the character is identified, but it also does not appear in many non-English-speaking countries", "id": "19253707" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\n), starring David Huddleston as Santa Claus and British actress Judy Cornwell as his wife Anya, shows how Santa and Anya are discovered by a clan of elves called the Vendequm. (Dudley Moore portrays Patch, the central character and main focus of the story; Burgess Meredith portrays their wise leader, the Ancient One, who reveals that Claus represents the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy, whereby he has been designated as \"the Chosen One\", whose mission it will be to deliver the elves' toys to children all over", "id": "518893" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nsong by George Melachrino, \"Mrs. Santa Claus\", and the 1963 children's book \"How Mrs. Santa Claus Saved Christmas\", by Phyllis McGinley, helped standardize and establish the character and role of Mrs. Claus in the popular imagination. Seabury Quinn's 1948 novel \"Roads\" draws from historical legends to tell the story of Santa and the origins of Christmas. Other modern additions to the \"story\" of Santa include Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, the 9th and lead reindeer immortalized in a Gene Autry song,", "id": "19253692" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (film)\n\n\nSanta Claus Is Comin' to Town is a 1970 stop motion Christmas television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. The film stars Fred Astaire as the narrator S.D. Kluger, Mickey Rooney as Kris Kringle / Santa Claus, Keenan Wynn as the Winter Warlock, and Paul Frees in various roles. The film tells the story of how Santa Claus and several Claus-related Christmas traditions came to be. It is based on the hit Christmas song \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\", which was introduced on radio by", "id": "6079150" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nwhite Santa to sell mineral water in 1915 and then in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923. Earlier still, Santa Claus had appeared dressed in red and white and essentially in his current form on several covers of \"Puck\" magazine in the first few years of the 20th century. The image of Santa Claus as a benevolent character became reinforced with its association with charity and philanthropy, particularly by organizations such as the Salvation Army. Volunteers dressed as Santa Claus typically became part of fundraising drives to aid needy families at Christmas", "id": "19253690" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nOdin, transformed into Father Christmas, then Santa Claus, prospered with St Nicholas and the Christchild, became a leading player on the Christmas stage.\" In Finland Santa Claus is called Joulupukki (direct translation 'Christmas Goat'). The flying reindeer could symbolize the use of fly agaric by Sámi shamans. Early representations of the gift-giver from Church history and folklore, notably St Nicholas (known in Dutch as Sinterklaas), merged with the English character Father Christmas to create the character known to Americans and the rest", "id": "19253677" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus, Georgia\n\n\nSanta Claus is a city in Toombs County, Georgia, United States. The population was 165 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Vidalia Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city has several Christmas-themed street names: Candy Cane Road, December Drive, Rudolph Way, Dancer Street, Prancer Street, and Sleigh Street. A local entrepreneur named the community after Santa Claus, the Christmas character, with the aim of attracting tourists to his pecan business and adjacent motel. Santa Claus was incorporated as a city in 1941", "id": "19026757" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus (1912 film)\n\n\nSanta Claus is a 1912 fantasy silent film in which a little girl dreams that she goes to Toyland where she helps Santa Claus in his workshop. The film's lead actor Leedham Bantock became the first actor to portray Santa Claus in film. The film was based on a stage play of the same name that played with the same cast at the Scala Theatre in London where it ran from 23 December 1912 to 8 January 1913 with a score by Theodore Holland. A suite by Holland based on music from the play was frequently", "id": "15236437" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nthe Dutch figure of \"Sinterklaas\" (himself also based on Saint Nicholas). Some maintain Santa Claus also absorbed elements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky. Santa Claus is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-bearded man—sometimes with spectacles—wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffed red trousers, a red hat with white fur and black leather", "id": "19253663" }, { "contents": "List of The Nightmare Before Christmas characters\n\n\nthe living gifts and replace them with the right ones. Santa Claus is last seen flying over Halloween Town as snow starts to fall. In \"The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge\", Oogie Boogie targets Santa Claus and leaves him hanging over the tracks for his scissor-tipped Oogie Train to drop him. Santa Claus was saved by Jack Skellington. When Oogie Boogie hijacked Santa's sleigh, Jack lets him use the same sleigh he used when Jack tried to improvise Christmas. Santa Claus appears in \"Kingdom Hearts", "id": "14409989" }, { "contents": "The Story of Santa Claus\n\n\ndo this again every year forever and the elves cheer. Phil Roman produced the special based on a teleplay by Steven Whitestone and Rachel Koretsky. Marie Maxwell and John Thomas wrote the songs. Tim Curry was working in more voice acting in 1996, also voicing characters in \"Jumanji\" and \"Adventures from the Book of Virtues\" that year. Jim Cummings was well known for his voice work, and went on to make other Christmas specials such as \"\" and \"The Life & Adventures of Santa Claus\". The", "id": "14424032" }, { "contents": "List of Ice Age characters\n\n\nmovie. Bubbles and Misty are \"minicorns\" who reside in Geotopia. Prancer is a flying reindeer character in the special. He first appears where he saves Sid, Peaches, Crash, and Eddie during a white out. When the rest of the herd caught up, Prancer accidentally caused an avalanche which ended up destroying Santa Claus' workshop and the toys that he built. After the herd, Prancer, and the local Mini-Sloths repaired the toys and the workshop, Prancer was unable to pull Santa Claus' sleigh", "id": "2576508" }, { "contents": "Mrs. Claus\n\n\nby Phyllis McGinley. Today, Mrs. Claus is commonly seen in cartoons, on greeting cards, in knick-knacks such as Christmas tree ornaments, dolls, and salt and pepper shakers, in storybooks, in seasonal school plays and pageants, in parades, in department store \"Santa Lands\" as a character adjacent to the throned Santa Claus, in television programs, and live action and animated films that deal with Christmas and the world of Santa Claus. Her personality tends to be fairly consistent; she is usually seen as", "id": "5966315" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nBest Supporting Actor) to play Santa Claus at Macy's; he later convinces Susan that he really \"is\" Santa. \"Yes, Virginia\" (2009) is an animated holiday TV special based on the true story of a young girl, Virginia O'Hanlon, who writes a letter to the editor of the \"New York Sun\" in 1897 after her friends tell her that there is no Santa. The newspaper editor tells her that indeed there is a Santa: \"He lives, and he lives forever.\"", "id": "518886" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nElías Moreno as Santa Claus. In this movie, Santa allies with Merlin the magician to battle the devil, who is attempting to trap Santa. In the Cold War-era film \"Santa Claus Conquers the Martians\" (1964), Santa Claus is captured by Martians and brought to Mars, and ultimately foils a plot to destroy him. \"The Night They Saved Christmas\" (1984), starring Art Carney as Santa, likewise chronicles how Santa Claus and Claudia Baldwin (Jaclyn Smith), the wife of an", "id": "518888" }, { "contents": "Haunted Mansion Holiday\n\n\nSquare and the incongruity of bringing Santa Claus into the eerie environment of the Haunted Mansion. Instead, they decided to base it on \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" after considering which Disney character would celebrate Christmas in the Haunted Mansion, should Santa Claus ever land there on his journey. Steve Davison took the idea and worked with Walt Disney Creative Entertainment to develop the overlay. One issue Disney had to deal with was the fact that many of the key performers in the original attraction – Paul Frees, Leota Toombs, Eleanor Audley", "id": "15093136" }, { "contents": "The Year Without a Santa Claus\n\n\nThe Year Without a Santa Claus is a 1974 Christmas stop motion animated television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. The story is based on Phyllis McGinley's 1956 book of the same name. It was originally broadcast on December 10, 1974 on ABC. The film was Shirley Booth's final acting credit as she retired from acting after its completion. The film took a total of about 2 months to edit and film. Santa Claus wakes up with a cold sometime before Christmas. His doctor, who thinks nobody cares about", "id": "14073418" }, { "contents": "List of Ice Age characters\n\n\n-Sloths agreeing to work for Santa Claus, Prancer was able to round up his fellow reindeer in order to pull Santa Claus' sleigh. The Mini-Sloths are Christmas elves in this special. Ethel is a female Gastornis who is among the parents that entrusted Sid to watch over her eggs. The Condor Mom is a female Condor who is among the parents that entrusted Sid to watch over her eggs. Clint is a friendly rabbit who appears in the special. He is the twin brother of Squint and becomes the Easter", "id": "2576510" }, { "contents": "List of The Nightmare Before Christmas characters\n\n\n, Shock, and Barrel to \"Kidnap the Sandy Claws\" (the Halloween Town residents' mistaken name for Santa Claus). At first, they accidentally capture the Easter Bunny, whereupon Jack tells them to apologize and sends them back. They then capture their true quarry, and Jack takes Santa's hat. The trio then take Santa Claus to Oogie's lair, where Oogie taunts and threatens Santa. Once Jack has defeated Oogie and rescued Santa Claus, a hatch above opens and Lock, Shock, and Barrel appear", "id": "14409980" }, { "contents": "Zollinger-Harned Company Building\n\n\ncalled “Santa Claus’ Father.” It is not known if this was an attempt to combine the English figure known as “Father Christmas” with Nast's character. On December 9, 1905 local newspapers ran the first announcement of Lawfer's live Santa Claus. “Visit Santa Claus at his Cave in Toyland,” it read. “If you haven’t paid Santa a visit in his pretty Toyland, you had better come soon. Santa remembers every little face, you know, and he says there are some", "id": "7016468" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nSanta Claus in such a manner are \"\" (2005), and the DreamWorks film \"Rise of the Guardians\". In the \"Chronicles of Narnia\" film, Father Christmas (James Cosmo) supplies the Pevensie children with the weapons and tools they need to battle the White Witch (Tilda Swinton). In \"Rise of the Guardians\", where is he referred to often as North (Alec Baldwin), is shown as one of the main characters and leader of the Guardians, who are the heroes of", "id": "518890" }, { "contents": "Mrs. Claus\n\n\nMrs. Claus (also known as Mrs Santa Claus) is the wife of Santa Claus, the Christmas gift-bringer in American and European Christmas tradition. She is known for making cookies with the elves, caring for the reindeer, and preparing toys with her husband. The wife of Santa Claus is first mentioned in the short story \"A Christmas Legend\" (1849), by James Rees, a Philadelphia-based Christian missionary. In the story, an old man and woman, both carrying a bundle on the back", "id": "5966307" }, { "contents": "The Story of Santa Claus\n\n\nThe Story of Santa Claus is a 1996 animated television special directed by Toby Bluth. It features the voices of Ed Asner, Betty White, and Tim Curry. The special presents an origin story for Santa Claus, who is depicted as a man named Nicholas Claus who wishes to give every child in the world a gift for Christmas. The elves of the North Pole become obligated to grant his wish, facing great obstacles. The story opens in \"Europe, a long time ago\". Nicholas Claus, nicknamed \"Santa", "id": "14424027" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nFrancis Pharcellus Church was the real-life editor and is played by Charles Bronson in the special. \"The Polar Express\" (2004), based on the children's book of the same name, also deals with issues and questions of belief as a magical train conducted by Tom Hanks transports a doubting boy to the North Pole to visit Santa Claus. Some less-than-serious films feature Santa Claus as a superhero-type figure, such as the 1959 film titled \"Santa Claus\" produced in Mexico with José", "id": "518887" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nBy the 1880s, Nast's Santa had evolved into the modern vision of the figure, perhaps based on the English figure of Father Christmas. The image was standardized by advertisers in the 1920s and continues through the present day. Father Christmas, a jolly, stout, bearded man who typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, predates the Santa Claus character. He is first recorded in early 17th century England, but was associated with holiday merrymaking and drunkenness rather than the bringing of gifts. In Victorian Britain, his image", "id": "6416687" }, { "contents": "List of The Nightmare Before Christmas characters\n\n\nII\". Sora, Donald Duck, and Goofy meet Santa Claus when they follow Jack Skellington to Christmas Town. He also made a reference about how Jack Skellington tried to improvise Christmas. Maleficent revives Oogie Boogie and sends him to capture Santa Claus. When Sora defeats Oogie Boogie, Santa Claus tells Jack that he should concentrate on Halloween and Santa should concentrate on Christmas. He also tells Sora to believe that he will meet Riku again. Later on, Santa's presents get stolen by Dr. Finklestein's Experiment. He helps", "id": "14409990" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus: A Morality\n\n\nhis most successful play, \"Santa Claus\", which was an expression of his belief in the joys of love. Feeling outdated, Santa Claus allows Death to trade masks with him, Santa representing understanding, Death representing knowledge, or \"Science\". Santa Claus, now a \"Scientist\", makes people believe in the fictional \"wheelmine\" and the power of Science. Later, Death, masked as Santa, runs into the real Santa, who is yelling about an accident that occurred at the wheelmine. Death", "id": "19950724" }, { "contents": "E. E. Cummings\n\n\ninspired by his daughter Nancy, with whom he was reunited in 1946. It was first published in the Harvard College magazine, \"Wake\". The play's main characters are Santa Claus, his family (Woman and Child), Death, and Mob. At the outset of the play, Santa Claus' family has disintegrated due to their lust for knowledge (Science). After a series of events, however, Santa Claus' faith in love and his rejection of the materialism and disappointment he associates with Science are", "id": "9556168" }, { "contents": "Father Christmas\n\n\nof the fire-place, in their sleeping apartments, at night, and waiting patiently till morning, to see what Santa Claus puts into them during their slumbers\". In Ireland in 1853, on the other hand, presents were being left on Christmas Eve according to a character in a newspaper short story who says \"... tomorrow will be Christmas. What will Santa Claus bring us?\" A poem published in Belfast in 1858 includes the lines \"The children sleep; they dream of him, the fairy, /", "id": "11365344" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nstop motion animation television specials addressed this issue: the first, \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\" (1970), with Mickey Rooney as the voice of Kris Kringle, reveals how Santa delivered toys to children despite the fact that the evil Burgermeister Meisterburger had forbidden children to play with them; and the second, \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\" (1985), based on L. Frank Baum's 1902 children's book of the same name, follows Santa being reared by a collection of mythical creatures", "id": "518883" }, { "contents": "It's a SpongeBob Christmas!\n\n\nuse of foam to create the characters and the way Santa Claus was depicted saying \"...he looks like a pig with liver spots.\" The animators responded to this comment about their interpretation of Santa Claus, saying \"We definitely wanted to keep an element of strangeness, almost scary aspects in the story.\" Caballero explained that the idea of making Santa Claus look tired and strange came when they saw a drawing of him by Marc Ceccarelli or Luke Brookshier. Caballero said, \"We thought that was a great idea.", "id": "13435983" }, { "contents": "Silent Night, Deadly Night\n\n\nused in a scary context... Santa Claus is not a religious figure, he's a mythic character. I didn't deliberately ride roughshod over that sensitivity and I didn't anticipate the objection to it.\" An editorial published in \"Variety\" stated: \"Most protests were generated by the feeling that the depiction of a killer in a Santa Claus suit would traumatize children and undermine their traditional trust in Santa Claus.\" The film was later re-released by an independent distributor, Aquarius Films, in May 1985,", "id": "14834430" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nand encourage them to take an interest in science. Santa Claus has partial Christian roots in Saint Nicholas, particularly in the high church denominations that practice the veneration of him, in addition to other saints. In light of this, the character has sometimes been the focus of controversy over the holiday and its meanings. Some Christians, particularly Calvinists and Puritans, disliked the idea of Santa Claus, as well as Christmas in general, believing that the lavish celebrations were not in accordance with their faith. Other nonconformist Christians condemn the", "id": "19253732" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\noffering instruction on how to act as Santa Claus. For example, children's television producer Jonathan Meath studied at the International School of Santa Claus and earned the degree \"Master of Santa Claus\" in 2006. It blossomed into a second career for him, and after appearing in parades and malls, he appeared on the cover of the American monthly \"Boston Magazine\" as Santa. There are associations with members who portray Santa; for example, Mr. Meath was a board member of the international organization called \"Fraternal Order of", "id": "19253716" }, { "contents": "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\n\n\nKidnapped Santa Claus\", by Baum, appeared in \"The Delineator\" magazine. It was illustrated by Frederick Richardson, who had also illustrated Baum's \"Queen Zixi of Ix\". The story deals with Santa Claus's kidnapping by the Daemons of the caves, in an effort to thwart his yearly delivery of toys. However, Claus's assistants complete the task for him, and later attempt an unnecessary rescue. In Baum's 1909 Oz book, \"The Road to Oz\", Santa Claus is one of guests", "id": "22017602" }, { "contents": "List of Santa's Apprentice characters\n\n\nThis is a list of characters appearing in a franchise for the animated holiday series \"SantApprentice\" and two animated films \"Santa's Apprentice\" and \"The Magic Snowflake\". Nicholas is a 7-year-old orphan boy from Sydney, Australia. He's the chosen one because his heart is pure, he loves Christmas and also believes in Santa. He's the one who's in training to be a new Santa by performing some tasks, overcome some obstacles and using Christmas magic. Santa Claus is the one whose in", "id": "12517005" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nwho finally grant him immortality. Another animated version of Baum's book was made by Glen Hill in 2000, and the book also served as the basis for an anime series, \"Shounen Santa no Daibôken\" (\"Young Santa's Adventures\") in 1994 and \"The Oz Kids\" video, \"Who Stole Santa?\" (1996). None of these films focus on Santa Claus's saintly origins. Another genre of Santa Claus films seeks to dispel doubts about his existence. One of the first films of", "id": "518884" }, { "contents": "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\n\n\nWoggle-Bug And His Friends Visited Santa Claus,\" relating how the Scarecrow, Tin Woodman, Jack Pumpkinhead, and H. M. Woggle-Bug, T. E. make several toys based on themselves and the Sawhorse. They bring them to Santa Claus in the Laughing Valley for distribution. Claus claims that there are not enough toys for all of the children, but he will make more for next year's visit. His reindeer and sleigh also win a race against the Gump. In 1904, a short story called \"A", "id": "22017601" }, { "contents": "List of The Awesomes characters\n\n\nlast one is determined to destroy Impresario and the rest of the Awesomes for trying to destroy him and forever leaving the lump on his shoulder and thus joined the P.R.I.C.K.S. Fake Santa Claus/Animal Control (voiced by Bobby Moynihan) - Not the real Santa Claus but has the power to mind control animals and humans. He locked up the real Santa Claus and forced everyone at the North Pole to work for him then he used his small amount of control over humans to make parents tell their kids that their Christmas presents came from", "id": "1922054" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nNorth Pole may also have been a Nast creation. His Christmas image in the \"Harper's\" issue dated 29 December 1866 was a collage of engravings titled \"Santa Claus and His Works\", which included the caption \"Santa Claussville, N.P.\" A color collection of Nast's pictures, published in 1869, had a poem also titled \"Santa Claus and His Works\" by George P. Webster, who wrote that Santa Claus's home was \"near the North Pole, in the ice and snow\". The tale", "id": "19253684" }, { "contents": "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (1985 film)\n\n\nThe Life and Adventures of Santa Claus is a 1985 Christmas stop motion animated television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions and based on the 1902 children's book \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\" by L. Frank Baum, the writer of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". The special first aired December 17, 1985 on CBS in the United States, and December 24, 1986 on TV Asahi in Japan under the title Santa's Secret and Great Adventure (サンタの秘密と大冒険, lit. \"Santa no Himitsu to Dai", "id": "3188339" }, { "contents": "Yamal Iri\n\n\nYamal Iri (in Russian \"Ямал Ири\", meaning \"Grandfather of Yamal\") is a character associated with Christmas in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, a counterpart of Ded Moroz and Santa Claus. The character was introduced in 2007 on an initiative of several tourism organizations of Yamal. His image was based on a contest of children's drawings and works of decorative art. The character was also supplied with a legend, based on traditions of the Northern indigenous peoples of Russia. According to legend, Yamal", "id": "3938949" }, { "contents": "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus (film)\n\n\nI Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus is a 2001 made-for-TV family film, based on the classic holiday song of the same name. The movie's tagline was \"Christmas is coming, and Santa's a dirty rat.\" \"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\" first aired December 9, 2001, on the PAX Network where it aired until 2007. As of 2008, it is shown in the 25 Days of Christmas programming block on Freeform. Young Justin Carver (Dylan and Cole Sprouse) is having", "id": "10036318" }, { "contents": "List of Garfield characters\n\n\nwhen his parents even call him \"Doc Boy\". Like Garfield, Jon, and Odie, Doc Boy believes in Santa Claus and is seen to either call Jon during Christmas or even stay up to see Santa Claus in excitement. He and Jon are known for competing with each other over who is uglier in their family memory photos to which they compete whenever they look at memory books with their mother. Although he is about the same age as Jon, he is already starting to go bald. He is very immature", "id": "19860919" }, { "contents": "Robie Lester\n\n\nLester touched by singing, acting, and narrating on more individual Disneyland records than any other performer. One of her most famous roles was as \"Miss Jessica\", the schoolteacher who becomes Mrs. Kris Kringle (Santa Claus) in the 1970 Rankin-Bass TV special \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town.\" In the Christmas special, Lester sang a powerful ballad entitled \"My World Is Beginning Today\" in which her character literally lets her hair down and comes to the aid of her future husband, Kris Kringle", "id": "5166099" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nhim by the legs. A 1909 film by D. W. Griffith titled \"A Trap for Santa Claus\" shows children setting a trap to capture Santa Claus as he descends the chimney, but instead capture their father who abandoned them and their mother but tries to burglarize the house after he discovers that she inherited a fortune. A 29-minute 1925 silent film production titled \"Santa Claus\", by explorer/documentarian Frank E. Kleinschmidt, filmed partly in northern Alaska, feature Santa in his workshop, visiting his Eskimo neighbors, and tending", "id": "518880" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus. Battle of the Magi\n\n\n, and for his antagonist Karachun - 3 images. Grimery spent several hours a day to create the most natural beards, mustaches and wigs for all the characters in the film. Above creating a magical atmosphere in the film, a large creative team worked. Costume designers sewed more than 50 complex costumes: only Santa Claus had 8 images. Artists, make-up artists every day spent 2-3 hours to create the image of the villain Karachun and about 4 hours for all the brothers of Santa Claus. Artists and", "id": "14974510" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians\n\n\nSanta Claus Conquers the Martians is a 1964 American science fiction comedy film directed by Nicholas Webster, produced and written by Paul L. Jacobson, based on a story by Glenville Mareth, that stars John Call as Santa Claus. It also features an eight year old Pia Zadora as one of the Martian children. The film also marks the first documented appearance of Mrs. Claus in a motion picture (Doris Rich plays the role), coming three weeks before the television special \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\", which also featured", "id": "13669118" }, { "contents": "Mrs. Claus\n\n\nwinner Tom Hooper with Mrs Claus played by British actress Janet McTeer. Music was composed by Rachel Portman. The ad was created for Marks & Spencer by advertising agency Rainey Kelly Campbell Roalfe, a London-based division of Young & Rubican. In 1953 Nat King Cole had a single released, \"The Little Boy That Santa Claus Forgot\", featuring on the flipside his rendition of a song, \"Mrs. Santa Claus\", with accompaniment by Nelson Riddle's orchestra. In contrast to her stereotypical portrayal, Mrs. Claus is", "id": "5966326" }, { "contents": "List of Santa's Apprentice characters\n\n\naround in Santa's workshop and wants to be Mama Claus to run in the Cayman Islands and that Santa, Beatrice and Nicholas found out who she really is. Maurice is Santa's best Childhood friend from the orphanage who used to be the magician. Of course he used to do magic when he was young but as an old man, he still loves his job as a magician. The Tourist Family of Mom, Dad and Son made an emergency landing for refuel near Santa's Village as they are going on a Holiday", "id": "12517027" }, { "contents": "List of Santa's Apprentice characters\n\n\nmake them sleep is a traditional Santa laugh. Comet is one of the reindeer who delivers mail around the North Pole and the Eskimo Village as well. He knows how to get away from the wolf. The Council of the Wise Men from the animated series and Council of Retired Santas from the animated films are the ones that they used to be Santa Claus years ago. The Council of the Wise Men from the animated series are: Old Santa, Chinese Santa, Russian Santa, Italian Santa, German Santa, Swedish Santa", "id": "12517013" }, { "contents": "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters\n\n\na cheerful young man who has a particular fondness for Christmas because of the belief that Santa Claus lives in Lapland, a major region in northern Finland. During the Christmas events, he is often shown wearing a Santa Claus costume. He and Sweden escaped from Denmark's house together in the past, traveling back to their homes together as well. He and Sweden enjoyed a strong bond until Russia took away Finland and made him under Russia's rule until 1917. Although a bit childish and shy, he demonstrates a great bravery", "id": "3374597" }, { "contents": "The Fullerton Hotel Singapore\n\n\nChristmas seasons in the past, the post office would be filled with letters from children, which are all directed to Santa Claus. These letters were then sent to the Salvation Army, who would reply the children on behalf of Santa Claus. Presently, these letters are forwarded to the Santa Claus Main Office which is situated in the Santa Claus Village in Finland. This shows that the British's establishments of fulfilling children's wishes are still present today although many significant changes had occurred. The exclusive Singapore Club rents premises on the", "id": "3852068" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nthe world. The film's prologue features Claus and Anya performing Santa-like duties in their home village, and strongly suggests Santa's saintly origins. In \"Ernest Saves Christmas\" (1988), Ernest P. Worrell (Jim Varney) joins the challenge of Santa Claus, alias Seth Applegate (Douglas Seale), to convince Florida kids' show host Joe Carruthers (Oliver Clark) to become the next Santa. In \"The Santa Clause\" (1994), Tim Allen plays Scott Calvin, who accidentally causes Santa", "id": "518894" }, { "contents": "List of Santa's Apprentice characters\n\n\ncharge of Christmas at the North Pole. He trains Nicholas, runs his workshop and shows Nicholas the secrets of being Santa. On Christmas Eve, he makes deliveries in one night like traditionally. Beatrice Lovejoy is Santa's wife and assistant to Santa Claus. She is a cook and housekeeper of Santa's workshop, works at her office to deal with Santa's mail and answers questions to every Children in the world. Humphrey is the Chief Elf who runs Santa's workshop as he's in charge with his elves. He", "id": "12517006" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus's reindeer\n\n\nIn traditional festive legend, Santa Claus's reindeer pull a sleigh through the night sky to help Santa Claus deliver gifts to children on Christmas Eve. The commonly cited names of the eight reindeer are Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner and Blitzen. They are based on those used in the 1823 poem \"A Visit from St. Nicholas\" (commonly called \"The Night Before Christmas\") by Clement Clarke Moore, arguably the basis of the reindeers' popularity. The enduring popularity of the Christmas", "id": "2547327" }, { "contents": "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\n\n\n) and two strangers, and declares \"only on Christmas Eve\" for the reindeer without any argument or explanation. One important new character, Tingler, a Sound Imp (Robert McFadden) also accompanies Claus and gives him someone to talk to. When the show premiered, the book was not as easily available, and many Oz fans who only knew of the book were surprised to discover that Tingler was not one of Baum's creations, so true was the character to the author's spirit. Earle Hyman portrayed the King", "id": "22017588" }, { "contents": "NORAD Tracks Santa\n\n\nAir Command. Colonel Harry Shoup, who was a Crew Commander on duty, answered the first call and supposedly told his staff to give all children who called in later a \"current location\" for Santa Claus. A more accurate description of the events of 1955 appears to be that on November 30 a child trying to reach Santa Claus on a hotline number provided in a Sears advertisement misdialed the number and instead reached Shoup at his desk at CONAD. Shoup responded gruffly to the child, and no additional Santa Claus-related", "id": "16246710" }, { "contents": "The Santa Simulation\n\n\nmaster, who reveals the game has a Christmas theme by giving Sheldon a scroll in a Christmas stocking and telling them that their characters have to save Santa Claus from hungry ogres. Sheldon is not happy, but the game begins with Raj's character dying in the first room of the dungeon after walking into a trap. The girls enter the apartment and do a runway show for the boys in sexy dresses (with the exception of Amy (Mayim Bialik), who has a dress Penny describes as from \"Forever 63\"", "id": "17137665" }, { "contents": "Santa's Candy Castle\n\n\nshipped from Santa Claus Town, emblazoned with a Santa Claus Seal of Approval and postmarked at the town’s famous post office. Santa Claus Town directly led to the creation of the town’s Chamber of Commerce as well as the town's first newspaper. Santa Claus Town also caught the attention of rival entrepreneur Carl Barrett, leading him to build the town's famous Santa Claus statue, which still stands today. Santa Claus Town would serve as a strong influence for other Santa Claus-themed attractions throughout the United States. Restoration", "id": "20965841" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus Village\n\n\nSanta Claus Village is an amusement park in Rovaniemi in the Lapland region of Finland. It was opened in 1985. Santa Claus Village is located about northeast of Rovaniemi and about from the Rovaniemi Airport. The first original home of Santa Claus was Korvatunturi. In 1985, Rovaniemi was declared as an official hometown of Santa Claus. The Santa Claus Park that is connected to the Santa Claus Village was in 2007 awarded by Topworld International and placed as the second best Travel Adventure in Finland. So long in 2008, it still holds", "id": "11166193" }, { "contents": "Mrs. Claus\n\n\nof the appearance of Santa Claus at a Christmas party: An account of a Christmas musicale at the State Lunatic Asylum in Utica, New York in 1854 included an appearance by Mrs. Santa Claus, with baby in arms, who danced to a holiday song. A passing references to Mrs. Santa Claus was made in an essay in \"Harper's Magazine\" in 1862; and in the comic novel \"The Metropolites\" (1864) by Robert St. Clar, she appears in a woman's dream, wearing \"Hessian high boots", "id": "5966309" }, { "contents": "Christmas elf\n\n\nIn American, Canadian, Irish, and British cultures, a Christmas elf is a diminutive elf that lives with Santa Claus at the North Pole and acts as his helper. Christmas elves are often depicted as green or red clad with large, pointy ears and pointy hats. Santa's elves are often said to make the toys in Santa's workshop and take care of his reindeer, among other tasks. They were first introduced in literature by Louisa May Alcott in 1856. The Santa Claus character is much older, emerging in", "id": "16896316" }, { "contents": "Toronto Santa Claus Parade\n\n\nto Front Street West, and east along Front to St. Lawrence Market. The Toronto Santa Claus Parade was first held on December 2, 1905 with just a single float. Sponsored by the Eaton's chain of department stores, Santa was collected at Union Station, and delivered to the downtown Toronto Eaton's store. The parade grew in size each year and attracted large crowds. For the 1913 parade, Eaton's brought in reindeer from Labrador to pull Santa's sleigh. Beginning in 1947, a recurring character, Punkinhead,", "id": "2056965" }, { "contents": "List of As Told by Ginger characters\n\n\nto the school with a card signed \"Dad\", but Ginger realizes that Lois sent the flowers and her father let her down. In , Jonas is shown performing as Santa Claus, standing on the street corner, collecting money, and happens to come across Carl and Hoodsey. Hoodsey believes that Jonas is really Santa Claus, and confides in him that Carl does not believe in Santa, because Santa has never granted him his only wish (to have his father home for Christmas). After hearing this, Jonas decides", "id": "4269435" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nthis nature was titled \"A Little Girl Who Did Not Believe in Santa Claus\" (1907) and involves a well-to-do boy trying to convince his poorer friend that Santa Claus is real. She doubts because Santa has never visited her family because of their poverty. \"Miracle on 34th Street\" (1947), starring Natalie Wood as Susan Walker, revolves around the disbelief of young Susan, whose mother (Maureen O'Hara) employs a kind old man (Edmund Gwenn, who won an Academy Award for", "id": "518885" }, { "contents": "Ernest Saves Christmas\n\n\nfind a replacement for an aging Santa Claus. A man claiming to be Santa Claus arrives in Orlando, Florida, where Ernest P. Worrell is working as a taxicab driver. He picks up Santa, who tells Ernest that he is on his way to inform a local celebrity named Joe Carruthers that he has been chosen to be the new Santa Claus. Joe hosts a local children's program with emphasis on manners and integrity. While they are driving, a runaway teenage girl who says she is named Harmony Starr joins Ernest and", "id": "6080212" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus and the Magic Drum\n\n\nSanta Claus and the Magic Drum (Original Finnish title: \"Joulupukki ja noitarumpu, \") is a 51 minute long Finnish-Hungarian animation released in 1996. The story is based on a 1995 children's book of the same name by Mauri Kunnas. The movie has been recorded in Finnish, English (British) and Swedish. It was made for TV broadcasting and was first shown on Christmas Eve 1996, and has been broadcast on YLE TV2 nearly every Christmas Eve since. \"Santa Claus and the Magic Drum\" has", "id": "13490094" }, { "contents": "Rankin/Bass Productions\n\n\nrelaunched once again as an independent production company, and produced another Christmas special, \"The Year Without a Santa Claus\", featuring Shirley Booth, voicing narrator Mrs. Claus, Mickey Rooney, returning as the voice of Santa Claus, and supporting characters Snow Miser (voiced by Dick Shawn) and Heat Miser (voiced by George S. Irving). It was the first Rankin/Bass \"Animagic\" production on which Akikazu Kono and puppet maker Ichiro Komuro share in the production supervision. It was remade as a poorly received live", "id": "20852976" }, { "contents": "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\n\n\n\", a film for which Ploog was a conceptual artist. He also has a Knook and a Ryl serve as Claus's constant companions. The Gnome King has been omitted from most other adaptations, presumably to avoid confusion with the malevolent character in \"Return to Oz\", though an unidentified figure voiced by Peter Newman appears on the council over immortality in the Rankin-Bass version. Based on the lineup in the book, he could be only the Gnome King, Bo, or Kern, but his stature leads one", "id": "22017597" }, { "contents": "Secular Christmas stories\n\n\nfor the Christian Saint Nicholas, secularized in popular culture as an old man with supernatural powers living at the North Pole, much like magic and powerful characters in mythology: Santa Claus has supernatural powers and uses them to magnanimously deliver gifts to children around the world. Santa was based on the legends of Saint Nicholas. Santa was given an amplified mythological identity in the Clement Moore poem \"A Visit from St. Nicholas\" (the title of which is often misidentified as \"Twas The Night Before Christmas.\") Comparative mythologies have", "id": "14387835" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus, Indiana\n\n\nClaus postmark. The name was changed back to \"Santa Claus\" on February 17, 1928. It was then that the Post Office Department decided there would never be another Santa Claus Post Office in the United States, due to the influx of holiday mail and the staffing and logistical problems this caused. The growing volume of holiday mail became so substantial that it caught the attention of Robert Ripley in 1929, who featured the town's post office in his nationally syndicated \"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\" cartoon strip", "id": "8096789" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\n) instead of sweets, but this practice has been discontinued. Other Christmas Eve Santa Claus rituals in the United States include reading \"A Visit from St. Nicholas\" or other tale about Santa Claus, watching a Santa or Christmas-related animated program on television (such as the aforementioned \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\" and similar specials, such as \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\", among many others), and the singing of Santa Claus songs such as \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\"", "id": "19253705" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus Museum and Village\n\n\nSanta Claus Museum & Village is an attraction being developed near the community of Santa Claus, Indiana. In 2005, a local development company purchased Santa's Candy Castle and other buildings that comprised Santa Claus Town and announced plans to restore and re-open them to the public. Santa's Candy Castle was the first building of the original Santa Claus Town to be re-opened to the public, when its doors opened on July 1, 2006. The 40-ton, 22-foot concrete Santa Claus statue was restored in 2011. In", "id": "14351244" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nMotion pictures featuring Santa Claus abound and apparently constitute their own subgenre of the Christmas film genre. Early films of Santa revolve around similar simple plots of Santa's Christmas Eve visit to children. In 1897, in a short film called \"Santa Claus Filling Stockings\", Santa Claus is simply filling stockings from his pack of toys. Another film called \"Santa Claus and the Children\" was made in 1898. A year later, a film directed by George Albert Smith in titled \"Santa Claus\" (or \"The Visit", "id": "518877" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus, Indiana\n\n\ndevelopment company purchased Santa's Candy Castle and other buildings that comprised Santa Claus Town and announced plans to restore and re-open them to the public, starting with Santa's Candy Castle on July 1, 2006. The 40-ton, 22-foot concrete Santa Claus statue was restored in 2011. And in 2012, a local historic church and the town's original post office were moved to the site next to the large Santa Claus statue. Santa Claus is located at . According to the 2010 census, Santa Claus has a total area", "id": "8096794" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\n\"\"Is There a Santa Claus?\"\" was the title of an editorial appearing in the 21 September 1897 edition of \"The New York Sun\". The editorial, which included the famous reply \"Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus\", has become an indelible part of popular Christmas lore in the United States and Canada. L. Frank Baum's \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\", a 1902 children's book, further popularized Santa Claus. Much of Santa Claus's mythos was not", "id": "19253686" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus in film\n\n\nof Santa Claus is traditionally passed down from father to son. The system is disrupted when the reigning Santa is murdered by his son, Damian, who then uses the position to attack the competing holidays of Hanukkah and Kwanzaa. The animated film \"Arthur Christmas\" portrays being Santa Claus as a dynasty. The first \"Santa\", Saint Nicholas, established the North Pole workshop and passes the title and responsibilities to his son after 70 Christmases, after which his son will pass them on to his son, and so on", "id": "518897" }, { "contents": "The Year Without a Santa Claus (2006 film)\n\n\n. Another difference is that it is Santa who sees the Miser Brothers about having it snow in South Town instead of Mrs. Claus. Like in the original, the brothers refuse to cooperate, but change their minds when Santa threatens to go to their mother. A number of pop-culture references pepper the script, including a glimpse of the original \"Year without a Santa Claus\" special on Jangle's portable TV. Faced with the prospect of losing his job because of Santa's retirement, Jangle muses that he could go", "id": "9607887" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus. Battle of the Magi\n\n\nchimera. So Masha gets into a secret corporation, where she learns that Santa Claus really exists and, leading an army of magicians able to control snow and ice, protects the Earth from the invasion of dark forces. For two years of working on the script, the creators came up with and developed a mythology based on the rituals of celebrating the New Year in different periods of Russian history. More than 50 different costumes were made for the shooting of the film. For the main hero of Santa Claus created 8 images", "id": "14974509" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus, Arizona\n\n\na Swiss chalet. Children could visit a real Santa Claus in the town at any time of the year. The post office was widely used in December by kids sending letters to the town addressed to Santa and by adults wanting their letters postmarked from \"Santa Claus.\" The Kit Carson Guest House became part of Santa Claus and was named the Santa Claus Inn. The Santa Claus Inn served \"a big farm breakfast\" for $.75 in an air-conditioned restaurant and offered menu items such as Chicken à la North", "id": "11025939" }, { "contents": "Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus\n\n\nappeared in third season episode \"Mr. Monk Gets Stuck in Traffic\", returned as \"the only notable guest appearance\", according to IGN's James Chamberlin, for \"Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus\" as Monk's lawyer, Garrett Price. \"Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus\" was first broadcast in the United States on USAHD at 6 pm EST on December 7, 2007. The USA Network regular channel aired it at 9 pm EST on the same day. According to Nielsen", "id": "17086217" }, { "contents": "A Kidnapped Santa Claus\n\n\nFrederick Richardson, who would illustrate Baum's \"Queen Zixi of Ix\" in 1905. \"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\" was published two years after Baum's \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\" (1902), and shares its mythological cosmos: in the story as in the novel, Santa lives in the Laughing Valley on the border of the Forest of Burzee, and is assisted by knooks, ryls, fairies, and pixies. In modern editions the two works, novel and story, are sometimes published together", "id": "1374379" }, { "contents": "A Kidnapped Santa Claus\n\n\n, Kilter the pixie, Peter the knook, and Nutter the ryl (introduced as \"The Deputies of Santa Claus\" in the last chapter of \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\"), who travel under the seat of his sleigh; once the four realize that Santa is gone, they endeavor to complete his mission and deliver the gifts. They generally succeed, though with some mistakes; they deliver a toy drum to a little girl and a sewing kit to a little boy. Overall, though, they", "id": "1374383" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus, Arizona\n\n\nones working there. Talbot sold the town in 1949 essentially as an attraction that had a restaurant. In 1950, Santa Claus appeared as a real place in \"Cliff and the Calories\" (1950), a fictional short story by American novelist and famed science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein. Heinlein describes a diet-shattering gourmet feast served by Mrs. Claus, in reality a Mrs. Douglas, who ran The Santa Claus Inn restaurant in the 1940s. The short story was reprinted in his 1982 book \"Expanded Universe.\"", "id": "11025941" }, { "contents": "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\n\n\nis granted immortality just as the Spirit of Death comes for him. At the end of the book, the immortal Santa Claus takes on four special deputies: Wisk the Fairy, Peter the Knook, Kilter the Pixie, and Nuter the Ryl. Baum's short follow-up, A Kidnapped Santa Claus, further develops his relationship with his deputies, who must work in his place when Claus is captured by five Daemons. Later, children's parents and various toy-making companies take part in gift-giving, and", "id": "22017584" }, { "contents": "Gummibär\n\n\nof the character's other releases. \"Gummibär: The Yummy Gummy Search for Santa\" was released in the United Kingdom on October 8, 2012, and in the United States on November 6, 2012 from Lionsgate Home Entertainment. It's Gummibär's first feature-length film. Aside from the titular character, it stars Harry, a male chameleon, Vampiro, an Italian vegetarian bat, and Kala, a female cat, as they embark on a search for Santa Claus, who is reported missing on Christmas Eve.", "id": "15977277" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians\n\n\nidea, repeatedly tries to kill Santa Claus along with the two kidnapped Earth children. He believes that Santa is corrupting the children of Mars and turning them away from Mars' original glory. When they arrive on Mars, Santa and the children build a factory to make toys for the Martian children. However, Voldar and his assistants, Stobo and Shim, sabotage the factory and change its programming so that it makes the toys incorrectly. Meanwhile, Dropo, Kimar's assistant, who has taken a great liking to Santa Claus", "id": "13669123" }, { "contents": "Sint\n\n\nSint (released on DVD as Saint in Europe and Saint Nick in the United States) is a 2010 Dutch dark comedy horror film about Sinterklaas, the character on which the Anglo-Saxon Santa Claus is based. The film was directed by Dick Maas and marked his return to the horror genre, in which he gained acclaim with his debut \"De Lift\" (1983) and \"Amsterdamned\" (1988). The story distorts the popular traditions of Sinterklaas and portrays him as a ghost who murders large numbers of people", "id": "8492754" }, { "contents": "Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus\n\n\n\"Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus\" is the tenth episode of the sixth season of the American comedy-drama detective television series \"Monk\", and the show's 87th episode overall. The series follows Adrian Monk (Tony Shalhoub), a private detective with obsessive–compulsive disorder and multiple phobias, and his assistant Natalie Teeger (Traylor Howard). In this episode, Monk is labeled by media as a social pariah as he is accused of killing a man dressed in Santa Claus apparel, and", "id": "17086207" }, { "contents": "Raggedy Ann and Andy in The Great Santa Claus Caper\n\n\nRaggedy Ann and Andy in The Great Santa Claus Caper, a.k.a. simply The Great Santa Claus Caper, is an animated American television special featuring Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy. Produced by Chuck Jones Enterprises, the special was first broadcast November 30, 1978 on CBS. Inventor and \"in\"-efficiency expert Alexander Graham Wolf, who looks and sounds like Wile E. Coyote, is planning to take over Santa's workshop. Overhearing this, Comet, one of Santa's reindeer, asks Raggedy Ann, Raggedy Andy, and their dog Raggedy", "id": "1426997" }, { "contents": "Charles W. Howard\n\n\nhis home in Albion. Christmas Park, which had attracted 80,000 visitors yearly at its peak, closed, and his Santa Claus School was moved to Midland, Michigan. Today, the Charles W. Howard Santa Claus School continues running in Midland, Michigan, under Tom and Holly Valent, who themselves have portrayed Santa and Mrs. Claus for over thirty years. An attraction called \"Santa House\" is near the School and is themed as Santa's workshop. Orleans County, New York held a special event, Charles W. Howard Day", "id": "16214345" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus' Main Post Office\n\n\nspecial stamp on November 6, 1950. The cottage is still in front of the Santa Claus' Main Post Office. In December 2014, Google Street View photographed the interior of Santa Claus' Main Post Office as part of the Santa Claus Village to their Street View Special Collection. Each letter, card and parcel mailed at Santa Claus’ Main Post Office is franked with a special postmark and stamp. The logo of Santa Claus’ Main Post Office was designed by Finnish graphic designer Pekka Vuori. The logo is also a", "id": "14588113" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians\n\n\nfor centuries\", and says that the only way to help the children is to allow them their freedom and be allowed to have fun. To do this, Mars needs a Santa Claus figure, like on Earth. Leaving Chochem's cave, the Martian leaders decide to abduct Santa Claus from Earth and bring him to Mars. The Martians cannot distinguish between all the fake Santas, so they kidnap two children to find the real one. Once this is accomplished, one Martian, Voldar, who strongly disagrees with the", "id": "13669122" } ]

[ { "contents": "Chuck Hughes (chef)\n\n\nWeek Off: Mexico\", and \"Chuck's Eat The Street\", where he explores foods along a street in cities around the United States. Hughes competed on the American cooking show, \"Iron Chef America\", defeating Iron Chef Bobby Flay, becoming the youngest Canadian chef to win, and only the third to do so. He was a competitor on Food Network's \"The Next Iron Chef: Super Chefs\" competition. In 2014, Hughes was a recurring judge on season one of \"Chopped Canada.", "id": "18949404" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nlocation was moved from Los Angeles to New York City. The fifth Iron Chef, Michael Symon, was added for his win in \"The Next Iron Chef\". In 2009, Chef Jose Garces became the sixth Iron Chef following his victory in the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\". In 2010, Chef Marc Forgione won the third season of The Next Iron Chef, becoming the seventh Iron Chef on Iron Chef America. Chef Geoffrey Zakarian won The Next Iron Chef's fourth season in 2011, making him", "id": "15949854" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nthe eighth Iron Chef. In 2012, Chef Alexandra Guarnaschelli became the ninth and most recent Iron Chef after winning the fifth season of \"The Next Iron Chef\". Even though both Todd English and Kerry Simon from \"Iron Chef USA\" have competed on \"Iron Chef America\", the episodes did not mention their IC-USA appearances. Iron Chef Gauntlet is a Spring 2017 revival series of \"The Next Iron Chef\" on \"Food Network\". Iron Chef Showdown is a Fall 2017 revival series of \"Iron", "id": "15949855" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nmoving to Las Vegas. The final battle took place in Kitchen Stadium between Chefs Marco Canora and Marc Forgione, with traditional Thanksgiving proteins, such as turkey, lobster and venison as the secret ingredient. Chef Marc Forgione was declared the winner of the third season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" on November 21, 2010. His first battle took place on November 28, 2010, against Washington, D.C.-based Chef RJ Cooper. In October 2011, a fourth season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" premiered featuring super chefs like", "id": "21019263" }, { "contents": "Toshiro Kandagawa\n\n\nand somewhat bullying persona for the Iron Chefs to contend against. He personally battled the Iron Chefs on several occasions, winning 3 of his 5 battles. (His first victory was over Iron Chef Chen Kenichi, and his second was against Iron Chef Koumei Nakamura, who in a storyline point had vowed to retire as an Iron Chef if he lost. True to his word, Nakamura's next battle was his last as a regular Iron Chef.) In addition to the battles, Kandagawa has also been a special guest of", "id": "10380791" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nannounced \"Iron Chef America\" returning under its original name, with Jet Tila serving as floor reporter. Notably, Iron Chef Bobby Flay will not be returning, as he dramatically announced his exit from \"Iron Chef\" during his last battle on \"Showdown\". On this version of \"Iron Chef\", the Iron Chefs have either been previous Food Network personalities, are current personalities, were part of the original \"Iron Chef\", or earned their position on \"The Next Iron Chef.\" The winning percentage", "id": "21019215" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nbattle, Alex Guarnaschelli defeated Amanda Freitag, becoming the second female Iron Chef, as well as the first female to win the competition. She made her debut as an Iron Chef on December 30, 2012 against Judy Joo from \"Iron Chef UK\". Iron Chef Joo previously judged season 4 of The Next Iron Chef, in which Guarnaschelli had competed and lost. Iron Chef Guarnaschelli was ultimately declared the winner. An \"Iron Chef America\" video game, titled \"\", was developed for the Wii and Nintendo DS", "id": "21019265" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Falkner\n\n\nElizabeth Falkner (born February 12, 1966) is an American consulting chef. She is currently residing and working in New York and has been cooking since 1990. She frequently appears as a competitor and sometimes a judge on many of the cooking competitions on television from \"The Next Iron Chef, Super Chefs\", 2011 and \"The Next Iron Chef, Redemption\", 2012, (both Food Network), as well as \"Chopped All Stars\", (Food Network), \"Top Chef Masters\", \"", "id": "519711" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef Vietnam\n\n\nThe Next Iron Chef Vietnam: Tìm kiếm siêu đầu bếp, is a spin-off series of \"Iron Chef Vietnam\" on Vietnam Television now in its first season. Each season is a stand-alone competition to select a chef to be designated an Iron Chef, who will appear on the next year season of \"Iron Chef Vietnam\". Two season back-to-back are ordered for 2012–2013 seasons. The first season is launched right after the end of the first season of Iron Chef Vietnam. It features", "id": "10928957" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nThe Next Iron Chef is a limited-run series on the Food Network that aired its fifth season in 2012. Each season is a stand-alone competition to select a chef to be designated an Iron Chef, who will appear on the Food Network program \"Iron Chef America\". In Season 1, eight chefs from around the United States battled to be the next Iron Chef. The show debuted Sunday, October 7, 2007, and the hosts were Alton Brown and \"The Chairman\", Mark Dacascos. Challenges", "id": "9029571" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef Vietnam\n\n\nten chefs working around Vietnam battled against each other to win the title during eight consecutive weeks in Mũi Né and to be the next Iron Chef. The show debuted Sunday, November 18, 2012, and was hosted by Nguyễn Danh Tùng. There was no chairman. David Thái, an Iron Chef and Dương Huy Khải, a head judge of Iron Chef Vietnam act as permanent judges. They were joined by a guest judge each week, namely Nobert Ehrbar, Chef Didier Corlou, Trân Nguyễn Thiên Hương, Miss Giáng My", "id": "10928958" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\n, Line and Dinner\" on The Cooking Channel. This battle is Guarnaschelli's debut as an Iron Chef, having won season 5 of \"The Next Iron Chef\". She served as a sous chef for Iron Chef Geoffrey Zakarian during season 10. Chef Judy Joo appears as an Iron Chef on Iron Chef UK and was a judge on the fourth season of \"The Next Iron Chef\", in which Iron Chef Guarnaschelli previously competed. Chef Kittichai previously lost to Iron Chef Batali in Battle Lentils in season 3. Chef", "id": "7301276" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nfloor reporter Kevin Brauch covered Flay and Symon while ICA judge Ted Allen covered Cora and Morimoto. In addition, Mark Ecko appeared early in the episode to present the new Iron Chef jackets and describe the design process. Iron Chefs Flay and Symon defeated Iron Chefs Cora and Morimoto by one point. First Lady Michelle Obama's White House Kitchen Garden was featured in a new special episode on January 3, 2010. The episode, called \"The Super Chef Battle\", featured Iron Chef Mario Batali and Super Chef Emeril Lagasse against", "id": "21019247" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nepisode. The mini game segment usually lasts for 2 minutes. After the main cooking segment was finished, the Super Chef will give verdict on the results of the mini-game and declare the mini-game winner. The second \"Iron Chef\" series or known as \"Iron Chef Indonesia\" was aired on RCTI from April 22, 2017 until November 19, 2017. Just like the first series, the concept of this show was still a battle between one of the three Super Chefs or Iron Chefs that has been", "id": "15949868" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nThe battle was held at the Marine Corps Base Hawaii at Kane'ohe Bay, Oahu. Chef Joey Campanaro previously lost to Iron Chef Cat Cora in Battle Venison; his brother Lou served as one of his sous chefs in the battle. Chef Madison Cowan previously appeared on \"Chopped\", and is the first Chopped Grand Champion. His sous chefs were fellow \"Chopped\" competitor Lance Nitahara and \"Chopped\" judge Amanda Freitag, who competed against Iron Chef Jose Garces in \"The Next Iron Chef\". Starting in Season 11", "id": "7301272" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nKittichai appears as an Iron Chef on Iron Chef Thailand. Chef Tio was a participant in season three of \"The Next Iron Chef\", in which Iron Chef Symon was a Judge. This is a rematch between Iron Chef Morimoto and Chef Cantu. In Battle Beet, Chef Cantu defeated IC Morimoto by one point. Iron Chef Forgione served as the sous chef for his father during this match. Chef Spike Mendelsohn previously lost to Iron Chef Michael Symon in Battle Prosciutto in season 8. The secret ingredient consisted of caviar,", "id": "7301277" }, { "contents": "Anne Burrell\n\n\nthe fourth season of The Food Network competition show, \"The Next Iron Chef\" Super Chefs being eliminated in episode 6. She was also a contestant on the first season of Chopped All-Stars Tournament, winning the \"Food Network Personalities\" preliminary round to advance to the final round, where she placed second runner up to Nate Appleman (winner) and Aarón Sanchez. In 2015, Burrell won the fourth installment of the Chopped All-Stars tournament winning $75,000 for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. She also hosted", "id": "9593822" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nfor Iron Chefs participating on Iron Chef America is an average. The win/loss data is based solely on the performance of the participant as an Iron Chef in \"Iron Chef America: The Series\" and the \"Battle of the Masters\" but does not include the results from \"Iron Chef Showdown\". Each Iron Chef wears a specially designed chef's jacket, a simplified version of the more stylized attire worn by the Japanese Iron Chefs, along with an apron and trousers of their choice for each battle. Through", "id": "21019216" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Gauntlet\n\n\nspecial episode \"The Legend of Iron Chef\", an overview of \"Iron Chef\", \"Iron Chef America\" and \"The Next Iron Chef\" on Food Network, with Alton Brown reviewing key aspects and highlights from the shows. It also previewed \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\" and Alton Brown's new role in the new show. A companion series, \"Iron Chef Eats\", has been produced to go along with Iron Chef Gauntlet. In the show, various restaurants and foods are profiled which are places where", "id": "3610952" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\ncompete without sous chefs; Symon dismissed his upon learning Fraser was competing alone.br This battle was a special grill battle, where each dish was to include a grilled element.br Makoto Okuwa was a sous chef under Iron Chef Morimoto for several ICA episodes.br Crenn competed on the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\"; this is her first battle in Kitchen Stadiumbr This episode was Iron Chef America's first vegetarian battle.br Seamus Mullen competed on the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\"; this is his first battle in Kitchen Stadium.br", "id": "7301266" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nEric Greenspan competed on the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\"; this is his first battle in Kitchen Stadium. A modification to the judging was made this season. At the end of each chef's presentation, the Chairman asked each judge to sum up their impressions of the chef's dishes, although not every episode includes this segment. Marc Forgione's debut as an Iron Chef, having won season three of \"The Next Iron Chef\". Forgione previously served as a sous chef for Laurent Tourondel in Battle", "id": "7301267" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nDonatella Arpaia would return for season 3. Completing the judges panel are food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar and current Iron Chef Michael Symon. Season 3 began airing on October 3, 2010 on Food Network. The winner of season 3 was Marc Forgione. Chef Forgione engaged in his first battle on November 28, 2010. By November 30, 2010, Next Iron Chef's music composer Craig Marks released the soundtrack \"Iron Chef America & The Next Iron Chef\", which contains themes from all seasons of both shows. During", "id": "9029574" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nIngredient: Thanksgiving Feast (heritage turkey, white pekin duck, venison, lobster) The judges for season four were current Iron Chef Michael Symon, food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar, and Iron Chef Judy Joo from \"Iron Chef UK\". Ingredient Order: Landmark Order: Ingredient Order: The judges for this season are: Iron Chef Geoffrey Zakarian, restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, and food writer Simon Majumdar. A Vietnamese version of \"The Next Iron Chef\" premiered on November 18, 2012 on VTV3 which also broadcasts \"", "id": "9029579" }, { "contents": "List of reality television show franchises\n\n\nFirst country to adapt: United States Note: While \"The Next Iron Chef\" is not a direct adaptation of the original Japanese series, it is included because it is part of the \"Iron Chef\" franchise. Specifically, it is a competition designed to select a chef who will become one of the Iron Chefs on \"Iron Chef America\". Original name: Just the Two of Usbr Origin: United Kingdombr Date started: February 23, 2006br Creator: BBCbr First network to broadcast: BBCbr First country to adapt", "id": "8974380" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nChef America Countdown\" premiered in 2012. Each half-hour episode features a countdown of five moments on a theme from the television series. The show uses clips from Iron Chef America, as well as commentary from people who participated in the featured moments. In 2007, a competition was held to determine who among eight chefs would become the next Iron Chef. The show ran for six episodes, and followed the contestants through a series of eight culinary challenges taking place in the United States, France, and Germany. Contestants", "id": "21019259" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Showdown\n\n\nIron Chef,\" \"Iron Chef America,\" \"The Next Iron Chef,\" or \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\". Prior to the premiere episode of \"Showdown\", Food Network aired a one-time special, \"Iron Chef: Outside the Stadium\", which reviewed current status of former and current Iron Chefs Bobby Flay, Alex Guarnaschelli, Geoffrey Zakarian, Stephanie Izard, Michael Symon, Jose Garces and Wolfgang Puck. After each episode of \"Showdown\", Food Network will air an episode of the companion", "id": "9598409" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\n), and Chef Marc Murphy previously lost to Iron Chef Bobby Flay in Battle Breakfast (Season 4). This battle features three chefs representing Food Network versus three chefs representing The Cooking Channel. Chef Irvine has appeared twice previously on \"Iron Chef America\", as well as competing in \"The Next Iron Chef\" season 4. Ted Allen is the host of \"Chopped\", and a regular judge on \"Iron Chef America\". Nadia G. hosts \"Bitchin' Kitchen\", and Ben Sargent hosts \"Hook", "id": "7301275" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nwere eliminated by a panel of judges at the end of each episode, until the final two chefs returned to the United States to compete in Kitchen Stadium. The final battle featured swordfish as the secret ingredient, and was judged by Iron Chefs Flay, Cora, and Morimoto. Chef Michael Symon was declared the winner of the competition and subsequently joined \"Iron Chef America\". A second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" pitted ten chefs against one another for the title of Iron Chef beginning in October 2009. This", "id": "21019260" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\none through five of the competition were held at the Culinary Institute of America. Challenges six and seven took place in Munich, Germany and Paris, France respectively. The final challenge took place at the Food Network studios in New York City, on the Iron Chef America set. The winner of \"The Next Iron Chef\" was Cleveland restaurant chef Michael Symon. Season 2 premiered on October 4, 2009, and featured ten chefs battling to be the newest Iron Chef. The show was based in Los Angeles before traveling to", "id": "9029572" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nTokyo for two episodes, and again hosted by Alton Brown and \"The Chairman\" Mark Dacascos. Following a final battle in Kitchen Stadium, Chicago-born Ecuadorian-American chef Jose Garces, was selected the newest Iron Chef. Garces debuted as an Iron Chef on January 17, 2010, when he squared off against Seattle chef Rachel Yang. Food Network began airing commercials for the third season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" in July 2010. It was later announced in an internet press release that Alton Brown and judge", "id": "9029573" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Vietnam\n\n\nIron Chef Vietnam (Vietnamese: \"Siêu Đầu Bếp Việt Nam\") is a Vietnamese cooking show based on the Japanese show \"Iron Chef\", as well as its American adaptation \"Iron Chef America\" and \"The Next Iron Chef\". The program is a sort of culinary game show, with each episode seeing a challenger chef competing against one of the resident \"Iron Chefs\" in a one-hour cooking competition using a theme ingredient. The show was put into production by the Vietnam Television mainly to rival", "id": "13582563" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\n, the Chairman sits at judge's table during judging. This season Jet Tila serves as the floor reporter, succeeding Kevin Brauch and Jaymee Sire. As an additional requirement, at least one ingredient or element of each dish was required to be grilled. The winning percentage for Iron Chefs participating on Iron Chef America is an average. The win/loss data is based solely on the performance of the participant as an Iron Chef in \"Iron Chef America: The Series\" and the \"Battle of the Masters\" but does", "id": "7301281" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Showdown\n\n\nUnlike the original \"Iron Chef America\", the Chairman does not dine with the judges; host Alton Brown takes his place at the judging table, but does not vote on the winner. The two parts of the show, the Chairman's Challenge and the Secret Ingredient Showdown were introduced in \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\". The win/loss data is based solely on the performance of the participant as an Iron Chef in \"Iron Chef Showdown\" and does not include win/loss records on any previous programs including \"", "id": "9598408" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nwas declared the winner of the competition, and joined \"Iron Chef America\" as its newest Iron Chef. Garces made his debut as an Iron Chef on January 17, 2010 against Seattle chefs Rachel Yang and Seif Chirchi in Battle Hawaiian Moi, with Iron Chef Garces emerging victorious. Jose Garces went on to receive the first perfect score ever in Season 9 (see List of Episodes). Food Network launched its third season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" in October 2010. Competition took place in Los Angeles, before", "id": "21019262" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\n, it fell to announcer Alton Brown to start the battle with the traditional \"\"Allez cuisine!\"\" This battle was also the first that carried a prize: $25,000 was donated to City Meals, a New York charity similar to Meals on Wheels in the names of the winning team. Iron Chef Flay and Chef Comerford defeated Iron Chefs Batali and Lagasse. On January 2, 2011, \"Battle Deep Freeze\" aired. The show featured Iron Chef Michael Symon and Chef Anne Burrell facing off against Iron Chef Cat", "id": "21019249" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nAlex Guarnaschelli, Anne Burrell, Robert Irvine, among others. The December 18 battle in Kitchen Stadium featured Geoffrey Zakarian and Elizabeth Falkner. Zakarian prevailed and was named the winner. His first battle aired on December 25, 2011 during which he emerged victorious, being the second chef ever to receive a perfect overall score of 60 on \"Iron Chef America\". The fifth season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" in November 2012 featured 8 chefs who had previously competed on the show, plus 2 newcomers. In the final", "id": "21019264" }, { "contents": "Judy Joo\n\n\nin May 2018. Link to her speech. Joo was one of the four Iron Chefs on the cooking show \"Iron Chef UK\" and was a resident judge on season four of the Food Network show \"The Next Iron Chef\". She has also been a regular judge on Iron Chef America and a Challenger in the Iron Chef UK vs. Iron Chef America battle. She is also the host of Korean Food Made Simple (Cooking Channel in the USA, and Food Network UK), and Season 2 of the same", "id": "4195265" }, { "contents": "Masaharu Morimoto\n\n\n\"Morimoto XEX\" in Tokyo, a spin on his Morimoto concept with separate Teppanyaki and sushi floors. Morimoto XEX received a Michelin star in the 2008 Tokyo Michelin Guide. Morimoto appeared as an Iron Chef in \"Iron Chef America\", a spinoff from the original Japanese \"Iron Chef\" series, and in its spinoffs \"The Next Iron Chef\" and \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\". Chef Morimoto has also developed a line of specialty beers in collaboration with Rogue Ales of Newport, Oregon, consisting of the Imperial Pilsner", "id": "3517161" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Showdown\n\n\nChef battle ever\"; he later confirmed that he has officially quit the \"Iron Chef\" franchise. Two challengers enter Kitchen Stadium and battle one another in a Chairman's Challenge based upon a secret ingredient. Alton Brown is the sole judge of this challenge and decides which of the two challengers advance to the next stage. The winner then faces an Iron Chef in a Secret Ingredient Showdown, in the traditional \"Iron Chef\" and \"Iron Chef America\" format. A panel of two guest judges decide the winner.", "id": "9598407" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nsparingly throughout the rest of the show, ascending to the stage separately from the three main Iron Chefs, and surrounded by a chamber string ensemble. In 1998, Nakamura also decided to retire and passed the title of Iron Chef Japanese to Masaharu Morimoto. Originally, challengers vied with each other in preliminary \"battles\" to earn the right to face an Iron Chef in a 90-minute competition, and should a challenger win twice against Iron Chefs, the challenger would be given the title of \"Honorary Iron Chef\". However,", "id": "15949826" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nand teasing among the four chefs. Iron Chef Cora and guest chef Deen's team emerged victorious. On October 26, 2008, a Halloween battle took place between Iron Chef Michael Symon and former Next Iron Chef competitor Chris Cosentino. The theme ingredient was offal (organ meats, pig trotters, coxcombs, etc.), an ingredient with which each of the chefs is known to cook routinely. Igor and the Monster from the Broadway production of \"Young Frankenstein\" also made a special appearance, assisting with the presentation of", "id": "21019245" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nChef Lee Anne Wong appears on Cooking Channel's \"Unique Eats\". The fruitcake used in the episode was Alton Brown's \"Free Range Fruitcake\" from the Good Eats episode \"It's a Wonderful Cake\". Zakarian's debut as an Iron Chef, having won season four of The Next Iron Chef. Iron Chef Zakarian received a perfect score. Chef Marcela Valladolid appear as the host of the Food Network show Mexican Made Easy. Chef Andrew Zimmern appears on Travel Channel's series \"Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern\"", "id": "7301270" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nthe 30-minute hunt for ingredients on the fair grounds. Maneet Chauhan, having come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning of cooking. Note: In this episode, Iron Chef Jose Garces served as a guest judge, substituting for fellow Iron Chef Michael Symon. (This episode was originally intended to be a double elimination. However, because there was a three-way tie for the second chef to be eliminated, the remaining four chefs were allowed to continue to the next round.) Secret", "id": "9029578" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nFreitag's sous chefs was Ariane Duarte, a contestant on the fifth season of Top Chef. Duarte is not a chef at Freitag's restaurant. Kaysen was a former competitor on \"The Next Iron Chef\"; this was his first battle in Kitchen Stadium. Takeo and Shintaro Okamoto previously appeared on \"Will Work for Food\", training Adam Gertler to sculpt ice for an event. A twin-themed battle, featuring Michael Symon lookalike Psilakis (who previously lost to Cat Cora in Battle Puff Pastry), the twin", "id": "7301262" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\ncooking competition based on a secret ingredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme. The show is presented as a successor to the original \"Iron Chef\", as opposed to being a remake. The Chairman is portrayed by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos, who is introduced as the nephew of the original Japanese chairman Takeshi Kaga. The commentary is provided solely by Alton Brown and Kevin Brauch is the floor reporter. The music is written by composer Craig Marks, who released the soundtrack titled \"Iron Chef America & The Next Iron", "id": "21019211" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Gauntlet\n\n\nthe lower total is eliminated, while the winner advances to the next episode. During the next-to-last episode of the season, which features three chefs, the loser of the Chairman's Challenge is automatically eliminated and the remaining two chefs compete in the Secret Ingredient Showdown. In the season finale, the last remaining chef competes in three Secret Ingredient Showdowns, one against each of the three Iron Chefs. If the chef's overall score is higher than the combined total of the three, he/she is awarded", "id": "3610950" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nincluded in \"Ace of Cakes\" episode DB0808L (\"Charm City Throwdown\"). Goldman's sous chefs were his former mentor, Jean Llapitan, and Shawn Aoki from the Palace Hotel, San Francisco.br Richard Blais, who previously competed against Iron Chef Batali in Battle Chickpeas, joins Cat Cora's team as a sous chef.br Smith competed on the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\"; this is her first battle in Kitchen Stadiumbr Zakarian appears regularly as a judge on \"Chopped (TV series).\"br Fraser requested permission to", "id": "7301265" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nchallengers each prepare one dish, while the Iron Chef prepares two. Judging resumes, and the results are announced. Either the Challenging team wins, or the Iron Chef wins in overall score, and the best dish from the challenging team is also announced. The challengers with the best dish returns on Friday to compete against the best Iron Chef of the week. The Seven Network announced in August 2010 that an Australian version was planned, in part to capitalize on the success of the highly popular \"MasterChef Australia\". The", "id": "15949860" }, { "contents": "Feenie's\n\n\nFeenie's was a bistro on West Broadway in the Kitsilano neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the casual-dining sister-restaurant to Lumière, which was located next-door. Feenie's was founded by celebrity chef Rob Feenie, the first Canadian to win on \"Iron Chef America\". Feenie was co-owner and executive chef until 2007, when he left the restaurant after a falling out with his business partners. After entering into a partnership with chef Daniel Boulud, the majority owners renamed", "id": "9139443" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nby the Host. The last 30 minutes of the program is \"Cooking with Iron Chef\". Guests learn how to cook from the Iron Chef and win the \"Best Student\" at the end of the program. On May 9, 2012 Chaitep Pattarapornpaisarn resigned from Iron Chef Chinese cuisine and was replaced by Hing Chung Lai (Peter Lai). On June 27, 2012 \"Signature Dish with a Special Ingredient\" became Signature Dish with Special Tests Challenger by variety choice On December 5, 2012 Three new Iron Chefs have", "id": "15949865" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nSeason 4, the eliminated chefs were interviewed during the week following the episode airdate on ABC's \"The Chew\". The first castoff was interviewed on November 1, 2011. Season 5 aired from November 4, 2012 to December 23, 2012 and was called \"The Next Iron Chef: Redemption\". In 2017, the series was revived as \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\". The contest was judged by food writer Michael Ruhlman, \"Bon Appétit\" restaurant editor Andrew Knowlton, and restaurateur Donatella Arpaia. The judges are", "id": "9029575" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nadaptation of \"Iron Chef\" series, also known as \"Allez Cuisine\", which came from Chairman Kaga's catchphrase in the original series, was aired on Indosiar from March 1, 2003 until August 12, 2006. The Kitchen Stadium owner role was played by Derry Drajat, and the main commentator was Gunardjo, an Indonesian food expert. The show featured three Super Chefs or Iron Chefs. Episodes were 1 hour long. The show also featured a mini-game segment with 6 competitors featuring the main ingredient of the", "id": "15949867" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Gauntlet\n\n\nIron Chef Gauntlet is a television series on Food Network that began airing on April 16, 2017. The series is a reboot of the \"Iron Chef\" and \"Iron Chef America\" series that gained popularity on Food Network and is hosted by Alton Brown, who also takes over as the series' Chairman. Seven chefs from around the country battle each other in an elimination contest, with the last chef remaining then facing a \"gauntlet\" challenge of defeating three other Iron Chefs in order to earn the title of Iron", "id": "3610947" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nformer Kitchen Stadium challenger Kenichi Miyanaga, recommended by Iron Chef Rokusaburo Michiba. Miyanaga is Michiba's top apprentice and battled Iron Chef Suga. The challenger in the second battle was Kentaro Chen, recommended by his father Iron Chef Chen Kenichi, who battled Iron Chef Wakiya. It was announced, after airing thirteen episodes, that the new run of Iron Chef would be discontinued after the last episode on March 22, 2013. Mr. Tatematsu, General Manager of Editing, explained, \"Iron Chef is a high quality show and we can", "id": "15949848" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef episodes\n\n\nepisodes. The winner faced off against an Iron Chef. This episode covers the second half of the 1994 Mr. Iron Chef competition.br The last episode of 1995 covered the first half of 1995 Mr. Iron Chef competition. The winner would battle Michiba, who was about to retire as a regular Iron Chef. The first episode of 1996 covered the second half of 1995 Mr. Iron Chef competition. This would be Michiba's last battle as a regular Iron Chef. The last episode of 1996 is the New Year's Eve episode wherein 100", "id": "3204989" }, { "contents": "Morou Ouattara\n\n\nMorou Ouattara is an executive chef and owner of the Kora and Farrah Olivia restaurants in Arlington, VA. Born and raised on the Ivory Coast in West Africa in a family with 33 children, he combines French, African and Middle Eastern cuisines. He has appeared on Iron Chef America, and was a contestant on The Next Iron Chef, but was eliminated during the 'Resourcefulness' challenge. Unlike most chefs, he uses his first name professionally, preferring to be referred to as 'Chef Morou' instead of 'Chef", "id": "2478013" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\n, with ten given for taste and five each for presentation and originality. The chef with the greatest score wins the competition. (In earlier four-judge episodes, the win went to the chef who won three of the four judges, or, failing that, the chef that makes the highest points total.) Chairman Kaga tastes the dishes along with the judges. While he occasionally makes comments and seeks input from judges during tasting, he generally does not participate in scoring; he did, however, during the \"", "id": "15949834" }, { "contents": "Jeffrey Steingarten\n\n\nthe show \"New York Eats,\" which aired in 1998–2000 on a local Metro channel. Steingarten frequently serves as a judge on the Food Network program \"Iron Chef America,\" and he has also been a judge on the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef.\" On the \"Iron Chef\" shows, Steingarten tends to be the most critical and technically specific of the three judges. His father was attorney Henry Steingarten, who represented, among his many clients, the rock and roll pioneer Jimi Hendrix.", "id": "12871559" }, { "contents": "Stephanie Izard\n\n\nAward for \"Best Chef: Great Lakes\" in 2013 for her work at Girl and the Goat. She has made a number of appearances on \"Top Chef\" since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in \"Top Chef Duels\". In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\", where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef. Stephanie Izard was born in the Chicago", "id": "21058328" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nThe sous-chefs employed by the Iron Chefs are as follows: All of the sous-chefs for both the Iron Chef and challenger are informally introduced at some point in the contest, unlike the original \"Iron Chef.\" Sous-chefs have occasionally entered into battle against Iron Chefs, including the Iron Chef under whom they worked. The rules in \"Iron Chef America\" are thought to favor the Iron Chef less than the original program, however, some challengers have noted favoritism in the selection of theme ingredients.", "id": "21019237" }, { "contents": "Chris Cosentino\n\n\nChris Cosentino is an American celebrity chef and reality television personality known as the winner of \"Top Chef Masters\", a competitor on \"The Next Iron Chef\" and for his appearances on \"Iron Chef America\". He is known for his haute cuisine offal dishes, and was chef-partner at \"Incanto\" in San Francisco. \"Forbes Traveler\" called \"Incanto\" \"perhaps America’s most adventurous nose-to-tail restaurant … On offer are lamb’s necks, pig trotters and a five-course", "id": "22060684" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nsay it is FujiTV's treasure. Currently we are struggling for the ratings. We think we have a time slot problem, too, so we would like to consider about a way to make it as special program and forward it into the next stage.\" On July 3, 2013 the Iron Chefs reunited for an American Chef Special with beef as the secret ingredient. All three Iron Chefs were paired with an American challenger, and then for a fourth round, all six competed. Currently, there are no plans for any", "id": "15949849" }, { "contents": "Ming Tsai\n\n\nthe PBS show \"Cooking Under Fire\". Ming Tsai challenged Iron Chef Bobby Flay in the sixth episode of Season One of Iron Chef America in 2005; Tsai defeated Flay. Tsai was a contestant in \"The Next Iron Chef\" in 2010, where he was eliminated in the seventh week. Tsai appeared on an episode of \"Top Chef\" in 2014. His other television appearances include participation in a Zoom Out on \"Zoom\", a show distributed by PBS, in 2005 and on the PBS children's television", "id": "7456994" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\n. br Iron Chef returned to Food Network on November 8, 2017 as a ten episode series called Iron Chef Showdown. Iron Chefs Bobby Flay, Jose Garces, Alex Guarnaschelli, and Michael Symon return for this series; they are joined by the newest Iron Chef, \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\" winner Stephanie Izard. Iron Chef Showdown featured several rules differences from Iron Chef America and is therefore considered a series of its own rather than the thirteenth season of Iron Chef America. Iron Chef America would return to the air six months", "id": "7301279" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nUS show against Iron Chef Guarnaschelli as an Iron Chef. Unlike the original \"Iron Chef\" or \"Iron Chef USA\", Alton Brown, rather than the Chairman, is credited as the show's host. In 2017, \"Iron Chef Showdown\" premiered as the spiritual successor to \"Iron Chef America\", with a revised format and returning Iron Chefs Bobby Flay, Jose Garces, Alex Guarnaschelli, and Michael Symon joined by \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\" winner Stephanie Izard. On April 5, 2018, Food Network", "id": "21019214" }, { "contents": "Roberto Treviño\n\n\nRoberto Treviño is an American chef known for his appearances on \"Iron Chef: America\" and \"The Next Iron Chef\". He is chef and owner of three restaurants and a bar in the Condado area of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Treviño was born and raised in Sunnyvale, California. He became fascinated with the kitchen when he began working as a young cook in the San Francisco Bay Area while he was still in high school. Treviño moved to Puerto Rico in the early 90's to work as a chef", "id": "15570070" }, { "contents": "Roberto Treviño\n\n\nbattle against renowned Chef Mario Batali on \"Iron Chef: America\", as a contestant on \"The Next Iron Chef\", with Rachael Ray on her show $40 a Day, as well as on his own local shows \"Kandela\" and the currently running \"4 Minutos con Chef Treviño\" on WIPR-TV. In late 2011 Treviño launched \"CookShop\", a production company specializing in television production and live events. Up to date CookShop has produced Treviño's series \"4 Minutos con Chef Treviño\" and", "id": "15570074" }, { "contents": "Ron Siegel\n\n\nRon Siegel is an American chef who formerly worked in San Francisco. In August 2012, it was announced he was joining San Francisco restaurant, Michael Mina, as executive chef. He had been Chef of the Dining Room at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, taking over for Chef Sylvain Portray in 2004. Siegel is perhaps best known for his 1998 appearance on Iron Chef, becoming the first ever U.S. citizen to win in Kitchen Stadium. His cooking style is known for blending haute French cuisine with subtle Japanese touches. Moving to", "id": "31235" }, { "contents": "Marc Forgione\n\n\nMarc Forgione is one of the Iron Chefs competing on Food Network's \"Iron Chef America\" and owner of restaurant Marc Forgione in New York City. He was born on December 16, 1978, and raised in Bellerose, New York. Chef Forgione competed on and won season three of \"The Next Iron Chef\" in 2010. Marc began his career at the age of 16, joining his father, Larry Forgione, in the kitchen at An American Place. Marc fully embraced his father's livelihood and has built on", "id": "13173963" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nNetwork\" was not being renewed.br In Kitchen Stadium, the Chairman supplemented the secret ingredient with a range of locally and sustainably grown meats and seafood, along with goat cheese, eggs, cider vinegar and honey from the White House beehive.br Garces' debut as Iron Chef, having won the second season of \"The Next Iron Chef\" competition Michael Smith is the host of Food Network Canada's \"Chef at Home\". Goldman is also the host of Food Network's \"Ace of Cakes.\" His experiences on ICA are", "id": "7301264" }, { "contents": "Masahiko Kobe\n\n\nOriginally believing that he would be a challenger, Kobe found out that he was to be an Iron Chef mere days before his departure from Italy. Because of his quick turnaround from culinary apprentice to Iron Chef, Kobe is often considered to be a \"junior Iron Chef\", having little experience compared to the other Iron Chefs. Kobe, unlike his three fellow chefs, typically rises alone in Kitchen Stadium, many times accompanied by a group of violins. It was also to be noted that challenging chefs who were to face", "id": "12971051" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nwith any culinary institution, unlike \"Iron Chef\", which was associated with Hattori Nutrition College. Chefs also bring in their own sous-chefs. Like \"Iron Chef\", each chef is allowed two sous-chefs. In tag-team or two-on-one battles, both chefs on one side each bring one sous-chef. On the original \"Iron Chef\", early episodes had two chefs without sous-chefs, while later episodes had two chefs and one sous-chef per side.", "id": "21019236" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\n, in that in the first half of the program, there are three challengers who compete with each other to find out who is the best chef. The winner will compete against the Iron Chef on the second half of the program. This format was used for only 3 episode. On February 22, 2012 the format of Iron Chef Thailand has been changed to: the first 30 minutes of the program is where the Challenger Chef will present his/her \"Signature Dish with a Special Ingredient\" to the guests. Then", "id": "15949863" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nthis format proved unpopular, the preliminary round was scrapped and the main contest was reduced to the now familiar 60 minutes. The awarding of honorary Iron Chef titles to challengers was also discontinued (although this was largely a moot point as few challengers ever defeated two Iron Chefs in separate contests), but was given as an emeritus title for a retiring Iron Chef. Once honorary titles were no longer issued, challengers who beat an Iron Chef had to settle for, according to the English version's introduction, \"the people's", "id": "15949827" }, { "contents": "The Next Iron Chef\n\n\nrestaurateur Donatella Arpaia, food author and long-time Iron Chef America judge Jeffrey Steingarten and sustainable food expert Anya Fernald. The judges are restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar and current Iron Chef Michael Symon, winner of the Season 1 competition. As the winner of the Secret Ingredient Challenge, Chef Estes was able to have a five-minute advantage to grab ingredients from the \"pantry\" and start cooking. As the winner of the previous challenge, Maneet Chauhan was able to assign the dishes to prepare", "id": "9029576" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nChef\" on \"Food Network\". In 2007, Krav Sakinim (, Knife Fight), a show based on Iron Chef, began airing on Israel's Channel 10. Each episode features a different prominent Israeli chef, who competes against one of the show's featured foreign chefs. All Israeli winners compete against one another in the finals and the winner competes against a foreign chef for the title of season champion. Season 1 featured only French chef Stéphane Froidevaux, who won the season's finale, while season 2 saw", "id": "15949856" }, { "contents": "Maneet Chauhan\n\n\nManeet Chauhan (born 27 October 1976 in Ludhiana, Punjab) is an Indian American chef and television personality of Punjabi origin. Previously the Executive Chef of several notable restaurants in Chicago and New York, she is featured as a judge on \"Chopped\" on the Food Network. She has appeared on \"The Next Iron Chef\", on \"The View\" on ABC, \"Iron Chef America\", the \"Today\" show on NBC, and as a judge on the finale of \"Worst Cooks in America\"", "id": "7417358" }, { "contents": "Yūji Wakiya\n\n\nWakiya was born in Sapporo, Hokkaidō. He began his career as a chef in 1973, at the age of 15, when he got a job in a Chinese restaurant in Ōsaka; he opened his own restaurant, Turandot, in the Yokohama branch of the Pan Pacific Hotel in 1995. He appeared on Fuji Television's Iron Chef two times during its original broadcast run, losing to Iron Chef French Hiroyuki Sakai in the Sea Urchin battle in 1994, before winning in 1997 against Iron Chef Chinese Chen Kenichi with Papaya as", "id": "15084396" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\nthe culinary curveball, for a possible total of 90 points. In this first ever Iron Chef vs. Iron Chef tournament, the four newest Chefs compete to take on either Iron Chef Symon or Iron Chef Morimoto, with the winners of those battles going head-to-head. Bobby Flay served as head judge in the finale. Chefs Aaron Sanchez, Scott Conant and Marc Murphy appear regularly as a judges on Chopped (TV series). Chef Aarón Sanchez previously tied Iron Chef Masaharu Morimoto in Battle Black Bass (Season 2", "id": "7301274" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nname underneath is embroidered in the font from the show's logo on the left front side of the jacket, in the manner of a traditional chef's coat. The jackets also include a large embroidered Iron Chef patch on the right arm also bearing the chef's name, and an American flag on the left sleeve. \"Iron Chef America\" first aired as a special titled \"Iron Chef America: Battle of the Masters.\" Unlike \"Iron Chef USA\", \"Iron Chef America\" quickly earned legitimacy with the", "id": "21019220" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nIron Chefs. Chairman Kaga himself is a showpiece, dressed in outlandish examples of men's formal attire. The English name \"Iron Chef\" comes from the show itself: Kaga would use this translation of the Japanese title when summoning his chefs at the beginning of the battle. From the beginning of the show in 1993, there were three Iron Chefs: Iron Chef Japanese Rokusaburo Michiba, Iron Chef Chinese Chen Kenichi, and Iron Chef French Yutaka Ishinabe. After the first season, Ishinabe decided to step down and become an", "id": "15949824" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\n, 1999 to September 24, 1999, the Iron Chefs faced off against each other in a three-part battle, with the winner to face French chef Alain Passard, owner of Michelin three-star restaurant L’Arpege, with the winner dubbed the \"King of Iron Chefs\". In the first round, Iron Chef Chinese Chen defeated Iron Chef Italian Kobe in Battle Pork (Tokyo X). In the second round Iron Chef French Sakai defeated Iron Chef Japanese Morimoto in Battle Bell Pepper. In the final match, Sakai", "id": "15949839" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Showdown\n\n\nof the resident \"Iron Chefs\" in a one-hour cooking competition based on a secret ingredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme. The show is presented as a re-imagined take on \"Iron Chef America\". The Chairman is once again portrayed by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos, who was introduced as the nephew of the original Japanese chairman Takeshi Kaga on \"Iron Chef America\". The commentary is provided by Alton Brown who also serves as the host as well as a judge, and a new floor", "id": "9598405" }, { "contents": "Geoffrey Zakarian\n\n\nGeoffrey Zakarian (born July 25, 1959) is an American chef, restaurateur, television personality and author. He is the executive chef of several restaurants in New York City, Atlantic City and Miami. He is featured on several television programs on the Food Network, including \"Chopped\" and in 2011, \"The Next Iron Chef\", where he won the right to join \"Iron Chef America\". Zakarian was born 1959 in Worcester, Massachusetts, to an Armenian-American father, musician George Zakarian, and", "id": "7999998" }, { "contents": "Jose Garces\n\n\nexecutive chef for Mercat a la Planxa in Chicago in partnership with Sage Restaurant Group. For his work at these restaurants, he was named best chef, Mid-Atlantic region by the James Beard Foundation. Garces opened Rural Society, a contemporary Argentine steakhouse, in Washington DC. Rural Society has a second location in Chicago, IL. Garces has been a challenger on \"Iron Chef America\", defeating Bobby Flay on a 2008 episode featuring melon. He also competed in the of \"The Next Iron Chef\" and he", "id": "13249400" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\nfollowed by the actual \"Iron Chef Battle\", similar to Iron Chef Japan where the host will ask the Challenger Chef to select the Iron Chef he/she want to challenge. After the Challenger Chef has selected the Iron Chef the Chairman will reveal the \"Secret Ingredient\" and once the Chairman says \"Allez Cuisine\" the battle begins. The battle time is 60 minutes where they will need to complete at least 4 dishes. The order in which Chefs present to the Judges will be determined by a coin toss conducted", "id": "15949864" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nIron Chef America is an American cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\", and is the second American adaptation of the series, following the failed \"Iron Chef USA\" that aired in 2001. The show is produced by Food Network, which also carried a dubbed version of the original \"Iron Chef\". Like the original Japanese program, the program is a culinary game show. In each episode, a new challenger chef competes against one of the resident \"Iron Chefs\" in a one-hour", "id": "21019210" }, { "contents": "Wonderfruit\n\n\nAppia, dinner by former Thai Iron Chef contestant Chef Panupon \"Black\" Bulsuwan - part of F.A.C.T. Collective, and a return from Chef Gaggan Anand, who was joined by chef Daniel Chavez of Singapore's Ola Cocina del Mar. Jon Hopkins x Chris Levine (iy_project), Submotion Orchestra, Rhye, Lucent Dossier Experience, Goldroom, Com Truise, Daedelus, Greasy Cafe and “Pu” Pongsit Kampee, Electro Guzzi, Polycat and Win from Sqweez Animal, with Thai folk music (performed at the Morlam Bus, presented by", "id": "21704014" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\n'honorary Iron Chef', thus passing the mantle of Iron Chef French to Hiroyuki Sakai in 1994. Ishinabe would return for two more battles during Season 3. At the beginning of Season 4 in 1996, Michiba announced his retirement and debuted Koumei Nakamura as the new Iron Chef Japanese. Michiba would return on rare occasions for special Kitchen Stadium battles. In 1997, Chairman Kaga announced a new, additional Iron Chef to the group: Iron Chef Italian Masahiko Kobe. He was the youngest of the Iron Chefs and would battle", "id": "15949825" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nAfter the 2014 season, the show was put on temporary hiatus, but on July 25, 2017 Alton Brown tweeted and Food Network announced that Iron Chef America would be returning in last quarter of 2017 as \"Iron Chef Showdown\". After the active Iron Chefs are introduced by Alton Brown, the challenger chef is introduced. The Iron Chef introduction sequence is sometimes skipped in the holiday shows and other specials. In the first two seasons, the Chairman announced the challenger's Iron Chef opponent. Starting with Season 3, the", "id": "21019227" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef Showdown\n\n\nIron Chef Showdown is an American cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\", and is the third American adaptation of the series, following both \"Iron Chef USA\" and \"Iron Chef America\". The show is produced by Food Network, which also carried a dubbed version of the original \"Iron Chef\". Like the original Japanese program, the program is considered to be a culinary game show. In each episode, two new challenger chefs first compete against one another with the winner competing against one", "id": "9598404" }, { "contents": "Toshiro Kandagawa\n\n\nhis own restaurant, \"Kandagawa\" (神田川」) also in Osaka. Kandagawa is undoubtedly best known to American audiences from his involvement with the cult-hit Iron Chef. As a leader of a large faction of chefs who believe in the purity of traditional Japanese cuisine, he rarely entered Kitchen Stadium without a large entourage of other chefs, and often supported apprentices in their challenges of the Iron Chefs. His role in Iron Chef's storylines was the same as a heel in the world of professional wrestling, an aggressive", "id": "10380790" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef America\n\n\nOn \"Iron Chef\", the Iron Chef's food was always tasted second, while on \"Iron Chef America\", the chef whose food is tasted first is determined by toss of coin before the show (Flay allowed his competitor to pick). Since the tasting and judgment take upwards of 45 minutes to complete (although it is edited down in post-production), the chef serving second is allowed to reheat his or her dishes, as was allowed on \"Iron Chef\". Several of the secrets to", "id": "21019238" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\n2000th Dish\" Battle. During this episode, a team of French cuisine chefs—captain Hiroyuki Sakai, the original Iron Chef French Yutaka Ishinabe, and former challenger and Etsuo Joh—battled a team of Chinese cuisine chefs composed of captain Chen Kenichi, former challenger Sozo Myamoto, and former challenger Yuji Wakiya (who would later be Iron Chef Chinese on the 2012 revival). To break the tie, Chairman Kaga asked them to allow him this one instance of selfishness, and he cast his vote for the French team.", "id": "15949835" }, { "contents": "Martin Blunos\n\n\nHe is a regular contributing chef on \"Food Poker\" and a guest chef on \"Cooks\". He is also associated with \"Great Food Live\", \"Food Uncut\", \"Saturday Kitchen\", \"The Supersizers Eat...\" and \"Iron Chef UK\". Prior to appearing on \"Iron Chef\", Blunos watched some episodes of \"Iron Chef America\" but thought that the chefs on the British version were equal to their American counterparts. He was the first \"Iron Chef\" to be selected", "id": "13999591" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\non January 20, 2008, after the first two episodes of Season 6 were broadcast. Oliver's sous chefs were Gennaro Contaldo, his mentor at London's Neal Street Restaurant and his \"mate\" Andrew Parkinson, also a trained chef, both of whom have previously appeared with him on his television programs. First aired on Food Network on January 1, 2008, following a marathon replay of The Next Iron Chef. First aired on Food Network Canada on February 10, 2008 as part of a chocolate-themed program marathon", "id": "7301259" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef\n\n\naudience). Shatner walked around the kitchen sampling the more expensive items, the chefs refused to say what they were doing, and the cameras rarely showed the food preparation. In 2004, Food Network announced that they would show an Iron Chef special, called \"Iron Chef America: Battle of the Masters\", featuring Sakai and Morimoto dueling with American Iron Chefs Bobby Flay, Mario Batali, and Wolfgang Puck, all Food Network personalities and renowned American celebrity chefs. (Morimoto and Flay battled in two previous Iron Chef specials", "id": "15949852" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Chef America episodes\n\n\n. First aired during \"Brain Freeze Week\". In keeping with the theme, the Chairman stipulated each dish must include a frozen element. According to the program notes, Adjey and Symon were roommates at the Culinary Institute of America. Adjey is also a Food Network Canada personality as part of the series \"Restaurant Makeover\". Art Smith is the first Iron Chef America judge to later appear as a challenger. Cosentino was a competitor with Symon on the first \"The Next Iron Chef\", and was previously defeated by", "id": "7301260" }, { "contents": "Toshiro Kandagawa\n\n\nKitchen Stadium in various episodes. He attended the retirement episodes of both Nakamura and Rokusaburo Michiba, who had battled many of Kandagawa's protégés. He also acted as a consultant to master chef Tadamichi Ohta and the \"Ohta faction\" of Japanese cuisine specialists, who were the primary nemesis of the third Iron Chef Japanese, Masaharu Morimoto. His final appearance in the regular series was during the \"King of Iron Chefs\" tournament final, where he sat alongside the other Iron Chefs as they watched the final battle between Hiroyuki Sakai", "id": "10380792" }, { "contents": "Iron Chef UK\n\n\nIron Chef UK is a British competition-based cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\" and Food Network's \"Iron Chef America\". It was produced by IWC Media and broadcast on Channel 4 in 2010. The show aired during daytime, five days a week at 5pm in 2010, and was hosted by Olly Smith and Nick Nairn. The four Iron Chefs were Tom Aikens, Martin Blunos, Sanjay Dwivedi and Judy Joo. Like the original \"Iron Chef\", the competitions were held in", "id": "7603638" } ]

[ { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\na neural portion the posterior pituitary, which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the hormonal output of the anterior pituitary and creates two hormones that it exports to the posterior pituitary for storage and later release. Four of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine organs. Most anterior pituitary hormones exhibit a diurnal rhythm of release, which is subject to modification by stimuli influencing the hypothalamus. Somatotropic hormone or growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone that stimulates growth of all", "id": "1154610" }, { "contents": "Hypothalamus\n\n\nhormones, are released from the median eminence, a prolongation of the hypothalamus, into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the anterior pituitary where they exert their regulatory functions on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones. These hypophysiotropic hormones are stimulated by parvocellular neurosecretory cells located in the periventricular area of the hypothalamus. After their release into the capillaries of the third ventricle, the hypophysiotropic hormones travel through what is known as the hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation. Once they reach their destination in the anterior pituitary, these hormones bind to", "id": "13592638" }, { "contents": "Neuroendocrinology\n\n\n\" for studying general questions, like \"how does a neuron regulate the synthesis, packaging, and secretion of its product?\" and \"how is information encoded in electrical activity?\"[It appears that this is a primary source observation.] The pituitary gland is divided into two sections: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary's hormone secretion by sending trophic hormones down the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. For example, thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.", "id": "18224679" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\nan extension of the hypothalamus. The posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by cell bodies in the hypothalamus. The magnocellular neurosecretory cells, of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei located in the hypothalamus, project axons down the infundibulum to terminals in the posterior pituitary. This simple arrangement differs sharply from that of the adjacent anterior pituitary, which does not develop from the hypothalamus. The release of pituitary hormones by both the anterior and posterior lobes is under the control of the hypothalamus, albeit in different ways. The anterior pituitary synthesizes and secretes hormones", "id": "12836255" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\nof a pituitary adenoma (tumour), which are benign apart from a tiny fraction. There are mainly three types of anterior pituitary tumors and their associated disorders. For example, acromegaly results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) often being released by a pituitary adenoma. This disorder can cause disfigurement and possibly death and can lead to gigantism, a hormone disorder shown in “giants” such as André the Giant, where it occurs before the epiphyseal plates in bones close in puberty. The most common type of pituitary", "id": "19252545" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\n(TSH). It also contains non-endocrine folliculostellate cells which are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations. Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones (Greek: trophe, “nourishment”) and tropic hormones. \"Trophic hormones\" directly affect growth either as hyperplasia or hypertrophy on the tissue it is stimulating. \"Tropic hormones\" are named for their ability to act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones, causing numerous cascading physiological responses. Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary", "id": "19252540" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\novulation cycle in female mammals, whilst in the males, LH stimulates the synthesis of androgen which drives the ongoing will to mate together with a constant production of sperm. Main article \"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis\" The anterior pituitary plays a role in stress response. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH release in a cascading effect that ends with the production of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. Hyperpituitarism is the condition where the pituitary secretes excessive amounts of hormones. This hypersecretion often results in the formation", "id": "19252544" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\ngland is regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus project axons to the median eminence, at the base of the brain. At this site, these cells can release substances into small blood vessels that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland (the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels). Aside from hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, other systems in the body have been shown to regulate the anterior pituitary’s function. GABA can either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth", "id": "19252541" }, { "contents": "Growth hormone deficiency\n\n\nleast one other anterior pituitary hormone. When GH deficiency (usually with other anterior pituitary deficiencies) is associated with posterior pituitary hormone deficiency (usually diabetes insipidus), the condition is termed panhypopituitarism. GH deficiency is treated by replacing GH with daily injections under the skin or into muscle. Until 1985, growth hormone for treatment was obtained by extraction from human pituitary glands collected at autopsy. Since 1985, recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH) is a recombinant form of human GH produced by genetically engineered bacteria, manufactured by recombinant DNA", "id": "22128045" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\nA major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels. The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland that", "id": "19252536" }, { "contents": "Lactational amenorrhea\n\n\nsignal to the anterior pituitary gland in the brain, which secretes prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin and oxytocin trigger the release (letdown) of milk and its ejection from the nipple in a positive feedback loop. It was previously thought that prolactin hormone, which is released by the anterior pituitary in response to the direct nerve stimulation of suckling, was responsible for creating the hormonal pathways necessary to sustain amenorrhea. Now, however, it seems that this relationship is one of correlation not causation as prolactin levels in the blood plasma are simply", "id": "12420533" }, { "contents": "Hypophyseal portal system\n\n\nThe hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the microcirculation at the base of the brain, connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is to quickly transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus and anterior pituitary gland. The capillaries in the portal system are fenestrated (have many small channels with high vascular permeability) which allows a rapid exchange between the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The main hormones transported by the system include gonadotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone–releasing", "id": "18865490" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\nturn lead to a second capillary bed in the anterior pituitary. This vascular relationship constitutes the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. Diffusing out of the second capillary bed, the hypothalamic releasing hormones then bind to anterior pituitary endocrine cells, upregulating or downregulating their release of hormones. The anterior lobe of the pituitary can be divided into the pars tuberalis (pars glandularis) and pars distalis (pars glandularis) that constitutes ~80% of the gland. The pars intermedia (the intermediate lobe) lies between the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis", "id": "12836253" }, { "contents": "Dorothy Price (endocrinologist)\n\n\nas negative feedback, where the hormone produced by the gonad could also regulate its own stimulation via its effects on the anterior pituitary. Together Moore and Price conducted experiments to show that gonadal hormones could indeed regulate the anterior pituitary (as well as vice versa), and first published the framework in 1930. The negative feedback framework would later be expanded to include the hypothalamus by Geoffrey Harris, and is currently considered a \"cornerstone\" of endocrinology. The principles discovered by Price and Moore were later used to design and develop hormonal", "id": "19300576" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\n. All releasing hormones (-RH) referred to, can also be referred to as releasing factors (-RF). Somatotropes: Corticotropes: Thyrotropes: Gonadotropes: Lactotropes: These hormones are released from the anterior pituitary under the influence of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic hormones are secreted to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary system, called the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system. There is also a non-endocrine cell population called folliculostellate cells. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes the following important endocrine hormone: The posterior pituitary stores", "id": "12836256" }, { "contents": "Hypopituitarism\n\n\nof other organs; some of these mutations are therefore also associated with specific birth defects. Most of the hormones in the anterior pituitary are each part of an \"axis\" that is regulated by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes a number of releasing hormones, often according to a circadian rhythm, into blood vessels that supply the anterior pituitary; most of these are stimulatory (thyrotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing hormone), apart from dopamine, which suppresses prolactin", "id": "512154" }, { "contents": "Tropic hormone\n\n\nTropic hormones are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target. Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone. The term \"tropic\" is from Ancient Greek τροπικός (\"tropikós\"), in the sense \"of or pertaining to a turn or change\", meaning \"causing a change, affecting\"; this is the same origin", "id": "5266809" }, { "contents": "Tropic hormone\n\n\nas \"tropic\" and \"trope.\" This should not be confused with \"trophic,\" as in similar-sounding trophic hormone – the words and concepts are both unrelated. Tropic hormones are contrasted with non-tropic hormones, which directly stimulate target cells. Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include: In turn, the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary by secreting a class of hypothalamic neurohormones called releasing and release-inhibiting hormones—which are released to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system and act", "id": "5266810" }, { "contents": "Combined rapid anterior pituitary evaluation panel\n\n\nA triple bolus test or a dynamic pituitary function test is a medical diagnostic procedure used to assess a patient's pituitary function. A triple bolus test is usually ordered and interpreted by endocrinologists. In rare cases, it has been associated with pituitary apoplexy. Three hormones (usually synthetic analogues) are injected as a bolus into the patient's vein to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland: The gland's response is assessed by measuring the rise in cortisol and growth hormone (GH) in response to the hypoglycaemia caused by insulin, rises", "id": "20205444" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\n, and is rudimentary in the human, although in other species it is more developed. It develops from a depression in the dorsal wall of the pharynx (stomal part) known as Rathke's pouch. The anterior pituitary contains several different types of cells that synthesize and secrete hormones. Usually there is one type of cell for each major hormone formed in anterior pituitary. With special stains attached to high-affinity antibodies that bind with distinctive hormone, at least 5 types of cells can be differentiated. The posterior lobe develops as", "id": "12836254" }, { "contents": "Hypothalamus\n\n\nwell as less anatomically distinct areas. It is found in all vertebrate nervous systems. In mammals, magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus produce neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are released into the blood in the posterior pituitary. Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells, neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamic nuclei include the following: \"See also:\"", "id": "13592629" }, { "contents": "Hypophyseal portal system\n\n\nG protein-coupled receptors that bind to the neuropeptides, activating intracellular second messenger cascades that produce the release of anterior pituitary hormones. The following is a list of hormones that rely on the hypophyseal portal system to indirectly mediate their function by acting as a means of transportation from various nuclei of the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. Over- or under-function as well as insufficiencies of the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland can cause a negative effect on the ability of the hypophyseal portal system to exchange hormones between both structures rapidly. This", "id": "18865497" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\nhormone (GH) and can stimulate the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Prostaglandins are now known to inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and also to stimulate TSH, GH and LH release. GABA, through action with the hypothalamus, has been shown experimentally to influence the level of GH secretion. Clinical evidence supports the experimental findings of the excitatory and inhibitory effects GABA has on GH secretion, dependent on GABA’s site of action within the hypothalamic-pituitary unit. The homeostatic maintenance of the anterior pituitary is", "id": "19252542" }, { "contents": "Prolactin\n\n\ncommon than hyposecretion. Hyperprolactinemia is the most frequent abnormality of the anterior pituitary tumors, termed prolactinomas. Prolactinomas may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as prolactin tends to suppress the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus and in turn decreases the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary, therefore disrupting the ovulatory cycle. Such hormonal changes may manifest as amenorrhea and infertility in females as well as impotence in males. Inappropriate lactation (galactorrhoea) is another important clinical sign", "id": "2272059" }, { "contents": "Gonadotropin\n\n\nGonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. This family includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. These hormones are central to the complex endocrine system that regulates normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function. LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, while", "id": "17052732" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\nrats, that have been used extensively to study pituitary development and function. In all animals, the fleshy, glandular anterior pituitary is distinct from the neural composition of the posterior pituitary, which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary arises from an invagination of the oral ectoderm and forms Rathke's pouch. This contrasts with the posterior pituitary, which originates from neuroectoderm. Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary are controlled by regulatory hormones released by parvocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamic capillaries leading to infundibular blood vessels, which in", "id": "12836252" }, { "contents": "Triiodothyronine\n\n\nAs concentrations of these hormones decrease, the anterior pituitary gland increases production of TSH, and by these processes, a feedback control system stabilizes the amount of thyroid hormones that are in the bloodstream. T is the true hormone. Its effects on target tissues are roughly four times more potent than those of T. Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T, whereas 80% is produced as T. Roughly 85% of the circulating T is later formed in the liver and anterior pituitary by removal of the", "id": "11474563" }, { "contents": "Somatotropic cell\n\n\nSomatotropes (from the Greek \"sōmat\" meaning \"body\" and \"tropikós\" meaning \"of or pertaining to a turn or change\") are cells in the anterior pituitary that produce growth hormone. Somatotropic cells constitute 20% of anterior pituitary cells. They release growth hormone (GH) in response to Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH, or somatocrinin) or are inhibited by GHIH (somatostatin), both received from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system vein and the secondary plexus. When levels of somatotropin are low", "id": "20528099" }, { "contents": "Clomifene\n\n\n-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). In vitro data also suggest that clomifene acts on the pituitary where it increases gonadotropin response to GnRH. In normal physiologic female hormonal cycling, at 7 days past ovulation, high levels of estrogen and progesterone produced from the corpus luteum inhibit GnRH, FSH and LH at the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. If fertilization does not occur in the post-ovulation period the corpus luteum disintegrates due to", "id": "3988636" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\nThe anterior wall of Rathke's pouch proliferates, filling most of the pouch to form the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis. The posterior wall of the anterior pituitary forms the pars intermedia. Its formation from the soft tissues of the upper palate contrasts with the posterior pituitary, which originates from neuroectoderm. The anterior pituitary contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); Lactotropes (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes", "id": "19252539" }, { "contents": "Posterior pituitary\n\n\nThe posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. The hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system is composed of the hypothalamus (the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus), posterior pituitary, and these", "id": "2333475" }, { "contents": "Pituitary adenoma\n\n\nstored in the posterior lobe and released from axon endings (dendrites) within the lobe. The pituitary gland's anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) is a true gland which produces and secretes six different hormones: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL). Diagnosis of pituitary adenoma can be made, or at least suspected, by a constellation of related symptoms presented above.", "id": "12747851" }, { "contents": "Hypopituitarism\n\n\nproduction. In response to the releasing hormone rate, the anterior pituitary produces its hormones (TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH) which in turn stimulate effector hormone glands in the body, while prolactin (PRL) acts directly on the breast gland. Once the effector glands produce sufficient hormones (thyroxine, cortisol, estradiol or testosterone and IGF-1), both the hypothalamus and the pituitary cells sense their abundance and reduce their secretion of stimulating hormones. The hormones of the posterior pituitary are produced in the hypothalamus and are", "id": "512155" }, { "contents": "Non-tropic hormone\n\n\non other cells that are not part of other endocrine gland. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a perfect example of this chain reaction. The reaction begins in the hypothalamus with a release of corticotropin-releasing hormone/factor (CRH/F; tropic). This stimulates the anterior pituitary and causes it to release Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; tropic) to the adrenal glands. Lastly, cortisol (non-tropic) is secreted from the adrenal glands and goes into the bloodstream where it can have more widespread effects", "id": "21633205" }, { "contents": "Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis\n\n\nTSH). The TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone until levels in the blood return to normal. Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anterior pituitary, thus controlling the release of both TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary gland. The HPA, HPG, and HPT axes are three pathways in which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function. Thyroid homeostasis results from a multi-loop feedback system that is found in virtually all higher vertebrates. Proper function of thyrotropic", "id": "20442820" }, { "contents": "Thyroid-stimulating hormone\n\n\nThyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T), and then triiodothyronine (T) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. It is a glycoprotein hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid. In 1916, Bennett M. Allen and Philip E. Smith found that the pituitary contained a thyrotropic substance. TSH (with a half life", "id": "17712952" }, { "contents": "Hypopituitarism\n\n\nmay also be associated with double vision that results from compression of the nerves in the adjacent cavernous sinus that control the eye muscles. Pituitary failure results in many changes in the skin, hair and nails as a result of the absence of pituitary hormone action on these sites. Deficiency of all anterior pituitary hormones is more common than individual hormone deficiency. Deficiency of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), together referred to as the gonadotropins, leads to different symptoms in men and women. Women experience", "id": "512145" }, { "contents": "Adrenocorticotropic hormone\n\n\nanterior pituitary) and an excess of cortisol (hypercortisolism) – this constellation of signs and symptoms is known as Cushing's syndrome. POMC, ACTH and β-lipotropin are secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe (or adenohypophysis) of the pituitary gland in response to the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. ACTH is synthesized from pre-pro-opiomelanocortin (pre-POMC). The removal of the signal peptide during translation produces the 241-amino acid polypeptide POMC, which undergoes a series of", "id": "12896238" }, { "contents": "Human reproductive ecology\n\n\n) initiates puberty by secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus into the anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary releases the gonadotropins luteunizing hormone (LH) into the ovaries, which produce estrogen, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) into the testes, which produce testosterone. The central event in puberty for females is menarche, the first menstrual bleeding. For males, it is the first ejaculation. The onset of menarche is easier to determine due to the evidence of menstrual bleeding, while the first ejaculation for", "id": "8862424" }, { "contents": "Head and neck anatomy\n\n\nthen release their own hormones. The pituitary gland has two lobes, the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes: growth hormone (GH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Prolactin (PRL), and the posterior lobe secretes: Antidieuretic hormone (ADH), and Oxytocin. There is an intermediate lobe, in adult humans it is just a thin layer of cells between the anterior and", "id": "11507925" }, { "contents": "Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis\n\n\nThe hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland. The hypothalamus senses low circulating levels of thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)) and responds by releasing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (", "id": "20442819" }, { "contents": "Gigantism\n\n\non the pituitary gland. Gigantism should not be confused with acromegaly, the adult form of the disorder, characterized by somatic enlargement specifically in the extremities and face. Gigantism is characterized by an excess of growth hormone (GH). This overproduction of growth hormone that brings about gigantism is virtually always caused by pituitary growths (adenomas). These adenomas are on the anterior pituitary gland. They can also cause overproduction of GH's hypothalamic precursor known as growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). As a result of the excessive amounts", "id": "9802929" }, { "contents": "Hyperpituitarism\n\n\nHyperpituitarism is a condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones; it typically results from a pituitary adenoma. In children with hyperpituitarism, disruption of growth regulation is rare, either because of hormone hypersecretion or because of manifestations caused by local compression of the adenoma. Symptoms caused by hormone excess and associated mass effects include: The cause of hyperpituitarism in most cases is due to pituitary adenomas. They usually come from the anterior lobe, are functional and secrete the hormone, GH and prolactin. Evidence indicates that the mechanism of hyperpituitarism", "id": "19249450" }, { "contents": "Neurohormone\n\n\nforming the bulk of the median eminence, where they are stored and released into the hypophyseal portal system. They then rapidly reach the anterior pituitary where they exert their hormonal action. The residual hormones pass into the systemic circulation where they are diluted, degraded and have comparatively little effects. The synthesis, control, and release of those hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and synaptic signals (neurotransmitters). The neurons secreting various hormones have been found to discharge impulses in burst, causing a pulsatile release which is more", "id": "291751" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\nEndocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by the pituitary stalk, and is enclosed by bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion the anterior pituitary and", "id": "1154609" }, { "contents": "Pituitary apoplexy\n\n\nvision, respectively. The oculomotor nerve is predominantly affected as it lies closest to the pituitary. The cavernous sinus also contains the carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain; occasionally, compression of the artery can lead to one-sided weakness and other symptoms of stroke. The pituitary gland consists of two parts, the anterior (front) and posterior (back) pituitary. Both parts release hormones that control numerous other organs. In pituitary apoplexy, the main initial problem is a lack of secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (", "id": "2066827" }, { "contents": "Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs\n\n\nthe adrenal gland but in the pituitary gland. Usually, the anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces a hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), that signals the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis to produce their steroids. When the pituitary is unable to produce ACTH, these zones stop production of their hormones. The zona glomerulosa is not controlled by ACTH, and remains able to produce a normal amount of mineralocorticoids. A dog with secondary hypoadrenocorticism is not at risk of an Addisonian crisis, and only needs to have medication to replace", "id": "273210" }, { "contents": "Phobia\n\n\nas the fight-or-flight response. Inside the brain, however, this stress response can be observed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). This circuit incorporates the process of receiving stimuli, interpreting it and releasing certain hormones into the bloodstream. The parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamus release corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is sent to the anterior pituitary. Here the pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which ultimately stimulates the release of cortisol. In relation to anxiety, the", "id": "3722971" }, { "contents": "Median eminence\n\n\nhypothalamus. The median eminence is the structure where secretions of the hypothalamus (releasing and inhibiting regulatory hormones, known as \"hypophysiotropic hormones\") collect before entering the portal system emptying into the general circulation. Such hypophysiotropic hormones include: CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor), GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone), and DA (dopamine). These hypophysiotropic hormones stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary. Further,", "id": "10559160" }, { "contents": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone\n\n\nGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is a tropic peptide hormone synthesized and released from GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus. The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family. It constitutes the initial step in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The identity of GnRH was clarified by the 1977 Nobel Laureates Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally: As is standard for peptide representation, the", "id": "5252179" }, { "contents": "Hypophyseal portal system\n\n\nhormone, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The blood supply and direction of flow in the hypophyseal portal system has been studied over many years on laboratory animals and human cadaver specimens with injection and vascular corrosion casting methods. Short portal vessels between the neural and anterior pituitary lobes provide an avenue for rapid hormonal exchange. Specifically within and between the pituitary lobes is anatomical evidence for confluent interlobe vessels, including venules providing blood from the anterior to the neural lobe, and capillary shunts exchanging blood between the intermediate and neural lobes. Such microvascular", "id": "18865491" }, { "contents": "Dopamine\n\n\n, where it influences the secretion of the hormone prolactin. Dopamine is the primary neuroendocrine inhibitor of the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. Dopamine produced by neurons in the arcuate nucleus is secreted into the hypophyseal portal system of the median eminence, which supplies the pituitary gland. The prolactin cells that produce prolactin, in the absence of dopamine, secrete prolactin continuously; dopamine inhibits this secretion. In the context of regulating prolactin secretion, dopamine is occasionally called prolactin-inhibiting factor, prolactin-inhibiting hormone, or prolactostatin", "id": "4153327" }, { "contents": "Circumventricular organs\n\n\nbalance and water homeostasis. The pituitary gland is subdivided into two lobes, the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary (also known as the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis respectively). Each one functions as a separate endocrine organ, and both are circumventricular organs. The anterior pituitary contains non-neural secretory cells derived from oral ectoderm which are indirectly controlled by \"releasing hormones\" from the median eminence of the hypothalamus, through the hypophyseal portal circulation. The posterior pituitary consists of axonal projections that directly extend from cell bodies in the hypothalamus,", "id": "3258507" }, { "contents": "Chromophobe cell\n\n\nA chromophobe is a histological structure that does not stain readily, and thus appears relatively pale under the microscope. Chromophobe cells are one of three cell stain types present in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland, the others being basophils and acidophils. One type of chromophobe cell is known as amphophils. Amphophils are epithelial cells found in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. Together, these epithelial cells are responsible for producing the hormones of the anterior pituitary and releasing them into the bloodstream. Melanotrophs (also,", "id": "5395709" }, { "contents": "Leuprorelin\n\n\n, depression, or memory problems. The rates of gynecomastia with leuprorelin have been found to range from 3 to 16%. Leuprorelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue acting as an agonist at pituitary GnRH receptors. Agonism of GnRH receptors initially results in the stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by the anterior pituitary ultimately leading to increased serum estradiol and testosterone levels via the normal physiology of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis); however,", "id": "14596438" }, { "contents": "Thyroid-stimulating hormone\n\n\nof the brain, produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce TSH. Somatostatin is also produced by the hypothalamus, and has an opposite effect on the pituitary production of TSH, decreasing or inhibiting its release. The concentration of thyroid hormones (T and T) in the blood regulates the pituitary release of TSH; when T and T concentrations are low, the production of TSH is increased, and, conversely, when T and T concentrations are high, TSH production is decreased", "id": "17712954" }, { "contents": "Hypothyroidism\n\n\nthe pituitary. Not enough iodine, or not enough TSH, can result in decreased production of thyroid hormones. The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis plays a key role in maintaining thyroid hormone levels within normal limits. Production of TSH by the anterior pituitary gland is stimulated in turn by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), released from the hypothalamus. Production of TSH and TRH is decreased by thyroxine by a negative feedback process. Not enough TRH, which is uncommon, can lead to not enough TSH and thereby to not", "id": "17957148" }, { "contents": "Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis\n\n\nand have various local and systemic effects on the body. The axis controls development, reproduction, and aging in animals. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the hypothalamus by GnRH-expressing neurons. The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone. In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-", "id": "2718865" }, { "contents": "Corticotropic cell\n\n\nCorticotropes (or corticotrophs) are basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary that produce pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), β-lipotropin (β-LPH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). These cells are stimulated by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and make up 15–20% of the cells in the anterior pituitary. The release of ACTH from the corticotropic cells is controlled by CRH, which is formed in the cell bodies of parvocellular neurosecretory cells within the paraventricular nucleus of", "id": "20528103" }, { "contents": "Proopiomelanocortin\n\n\non chromosome 2p23.3. The POMC gene is expressed in both the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland. This gene encodes a 285-amino acid polypeptide hormone precursor that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary, where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and β-lipotropin are the major end", "id": "14042041" }, { "contents": "Triiodothyronine\n\n\nTriiodothyronine, also known as T, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. Production of T and its prohormone thyroxine (T) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the anterior pituitary gland. This pathway is part of a closed-loop feedback process: Elevated concentrations of T, and T in the blood plasma inhibit the production of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland.", "id": "11474562" }, { "contents": "Folliculostellate cell\n\n\nNO synthase, a key NO production enzyme which is responsible for the production of NO from L-arginine. It is thought that FS cells modulate NO production in adjacent endocrine cells via paracrine mechanisms. Interferon-gamma is a cytokine that acts to inhibit the release of various hormones from the anterior pituitary, FS cells are thought to be vital in mediating this process. This facilitating role of FS cells was identified when studying the anterior pituitary glands of rats, as anterior pituitary samples with few FS cells failed to exhibit the usual", "id": "2701075" }, { "contents": "Hypothalamus\n\n\nthey mediate negative feedback control of CRF synthesis and secretion, but elsewhere their role is not well understood. The hypothalamus has a central neuroendocrine function, most notably by its control of the anterior pituitary, which in turn regulates various endocrine glands and organs. Releasing hormones (also called releasing factors) are produced in hypothalamic nuclei then transported along axons to either the median eminence or the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and released as needed. In the hypothalamic–adenohypophyseal axis, releasing hormones, also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic", "id": "13592637" }, { "contents": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone\n\n\n. In mammals, the linear decapeptide end-product is synthesized from an 89-amino acid preprohormone in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus. It is the target of various regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, such as being inhibited by increased estrogen levels in the body. GnRH is secreted in the hypophysial portal bloodstream at the median eminence. The portal blood carries the GnRH to the pituitary gland, which contains the gonadotrope cells, where GnRH activates its own receptor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), a seven", "id": "5252181" }, { "contents": "Corticotropin-releasing factor family\n\n\n, metamorphosis and reproduction in various species, and are all released as prohormones. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a releasing hormone found mainly in the paraventricular nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus that regulates the release of corticotropin (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. The paraventricular nucleus transports CRH to the anterior pituitary, stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release via CRH type 1 receptors, thereby activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and, thus, glucocorticoid release. CRH is evolutionary-related to a number", "id": "3651578" }, { "contents": "Johanson–Blizzard syndrome\n\n\naffecting pituitary function in some JBS patients have included such anomalies as the formation of a glial hamartoma (a neoplasm, or tumor composed of glial cells) on a lobe of the pituitary gland, as well congenital underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary. Growth failure and associated short stature (dwarfism) in JBS can be attributed to growth hormone deficiency caused by diminished anterior pituitary function, with malabsorption of fats playing a subsequent role. The primary malformation apparent with JBS is hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the nasal alae, or \"wing of", "id": "13430573" }, { "contents": "Cushing's disease\n\n\nCushing's disease is one cause of Cushing's syndrome characterised by increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary (secondary hypercortisolism). This is most often as a result of a pituitary adenoma (specifically pituitary basophilism) or due to excess production of hypothalamus CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) (tertiary hypercortisolism/hypercorticism) that stimulates the synthesis of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Pituitary adenomas are responsible for 80% of endogenous Cushing's syndrome, when excluding Cushing's syndrome from exogenously administered corticosteroids. This should", "id": "49974" }, { "contents": "Dubowitz syndrome\n\n\nAlthough there is much evidence that Dubowitz syndrome is genetic, the symptoms are similar to fetal alcohol syndrome. Further studies are needed to determine whether alcohol influences whether Dubowitz syndrome manifests in people who are genetically vulnerable. Breakdown of chromosomes is known to occur. Dubowitz syndrome is accompanied by a deficiency in growth hormone. People with Dubowitz syndrome have stunted growth, and growth hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary of the brain. The main function of the anterior pituitary is to increase height during development. Other functions include regulating the immune", "id": "12733682" }, { "contents": "Testicle\n\n\nTesticle or testis is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all animals, including humans. It is homologous to the female ovary. The functions of the testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone. Testosterone release is controlled by the anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone; whereas sperm production is controlled both by the anterior pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone and gonadal testosterone. Males have two testicles of similar size contained within the scrotum, which is an extension of the abdominal wall. Scrotal asymmetry is not unusual: one testicle extends", "id": "18614704" }, { "contents": "Neuroscience of sex differences\n\n\nby the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), whose release from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. Steroid hormones have several effects on brain development as well as maintenance of homeostasis throughout adulthood. Estrogen receptors have been found in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, and frontal cortex, indicating the estrogen plays a role in brain development. Gonadal hormone receptors have also been found in the basal fore-brain nuclei. Estradiol influences", "id": "11100387" }, { "contents": "Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism\n\n\nHypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH), is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH), while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is the central regulator in reproductive function and sexual development via the HPG axis. GnRH is released by hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells into the hypophyseal portal system acting on gonadotrophs in the anterior", "id": "4656502" }, { "contents": "Robert M. Boyar\n\n\nstudies of gonadotropin secretion in puberty. An American physiologist, Ernst Knobil, discovered that the anterior pituitary produces pulses of Luteinizing hormone at about hourly intervals. The luteinizing hormone pulses are the consequence of pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion by the hypothalamus into the pituitary portal circulation that, in turn, is the result of an oscillator or signal generator in the central nervous system (the \"gonadotropin releasing hormone pulse generator\"). Boyar demonstrated that in children approaching puberty the Luteinizing Hormone pulses occur only during sleep. This sleep related gonadotropin", "id": "18886751" }, { "contents": "Neuroendocrinology\n\n\nthe Dr. Lee's Professor of Anatomy at Oxford University, is credited with showing that the anterior pituitary gland of mammals is regulated by hormones secreted by hypothalamic neurons into the hypothalamohypophysial portal circulation. By contrast, the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are secreted into the systemic circulation directly from the nerve endings of hypothalamic neurons. This seminal work was done in collaboration with Dora Jacobsohn of Lund University. The first of these factors to be identified are thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).", "id": "18224681" }, { "contents": "Gonadotropin surge-attenuating factor\n\n\nGonadotropin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF) is a non-steroidal ovarian hormone produced by the granulosa cells of small antral ovarian follicles in females. GnSAF is involved in regulating the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary and the ovarian cycle. During the early to mid-follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, GnSAF acts on the anterior pituitary to attenuate LH release, limiting the secretion of LH to only basal levels. At the transition between follicular and luteal phase, GnSAF bioactivity declines sufficiently to permit LH", "id": "18294453" }, { "contents": "Adrenocorticotropic hormone\n\n\nAdrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is also used as a medication and diagnostic agent. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress (along with its precursor corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus). Its principal effects are increased production and release of cortisol by the cortex of the adrenal gland. ACTH is also related to the circadian rhythm in many", "id": "12896236" }, { "contents": "Neuroendocrine cell\n\n\nproperties akin to growth factors. Specialized groups of neuroendocrine cells can be found at the base of the third ventricle in the brain (in a region called the hypothalamus). This area controls most anterior pituitary cells and thereby regulates functions in the entire body, like responses to stress, cold, sleep, and the reproductive system. The neurons send processes to a region connecting to the pituitary stalk and releasing hormones are delivered into the bloodstream. They are carried by portal vessels to the pituitary cells where they may stimulate, inhibit", "id": "5154470" }, { "contents": "Growth hormone–releasing hormone\n\n\narcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary gland, where it stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion by stimulating the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH. In addition, GHRH also promotes slow-wave sleep directly. Growth hormone is required for normal postnatal growth, bone growth, regulatory effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. GHRH stimulates GH production and release by binding to the GHRH receptor", "id": "20059424" }, { "contents": "Pancreatic progenitor cell\n\n\nexocrine secretions in the pancreas and gut. Delta cells which produce somatostatin which is a growth hormone inhibiting hormone and has important function in the regulation of hormone production from the anterior pituitary gland. Epsilon cells produce Ghrelin (hunger hormone) which is a neuropeptide that acts on the hypothalamic center of the brain, where it couples with GHSR (growth hormone secretagogue receptors) and mediates hunger. The exocrine progenitor cell develop into precursor cells expressing amylase. These cells then can be identified in tissue to be secretory in nature and contribute to", "id": "4585778" }, { "contents": "GnRH Neuron\n\n\nGnRH neurons, or Gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons, are the cells in the brain that control the release of reproductive hormones from the pituitary. These brain cells control reproduction by secreting GnRH into the hypophyseal portal capillary bloodstream, so are sometimes referred to as “sex neurons”. This small capillary network carries GnRH to the anterior pituitary, causing release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) into the wider bloodstream. When GnRH neurons change their pattern of release from the juvenile to the adult pattern", "id": "10047829" }, { "contents": "Somatotropic cell\n\n\nin the body, a physician may prescribe human growth hormone as a drug. Deficiency in somatotrope secretion before puberty or before the end of new bone tissue growth, can lead to pituitary dwarfism. When growth hormone is deficient, blood sugar is low because insulin is not opposed by normal amount of growth hormone. If there is an excess of growth hormone, it is usually because of over-secretion of somatotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland. A significant amount of excess somatotrope secretion before puberty or before the end of new", "id": "20528100" }, { "contents": "Dora Jacobsohn\n\n\npituitary grafts could only stimulate ovulation when in connection with the hypothalamus / mid brain, not the temporal lobe or other parts of the body. This first showed that the anterior pituitary must be controlled by, and in contact with, the brain via the hypothalamus. Further, they showed that the blood vessels (via the hypophyseal portal system), rather than nervous stimulation, was necessary for stimulating the anterior pituitary. This work founded the brain's role in hormonal regulation, helping to establish the field of neuroendocrinology. She also", "id": "18929678" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\ntumour is a prolactinoma which hypersecretes prolactin. A third type of pituitary adenoma secretes excess ACTH, which in turn, causes an excess of cortisol to be secreted and is the cause of Cushing's disease. Hypopituitarism is characterized by a decreased secretion of hormones released by the anterior pituitary. For example, hypo-secretion of GH prior to puberty can be a cause of dwarfism. In addition, secondary adrenal insufficiency can be caused by hypo-secretion of ACTH which, in turn, does not signal the adrenal cortex to produce", "id": "19252546" }, { "contents": "Folliculostellate cell\n\n\ninhibitory effects of interferon-gamma. Glucocorticoid induced suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has 2 components. Firstly, within 15 minutes of increased glucocorticoid exposure in the anterior pituitary, there is a reduction in the release of preformed adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Secondly, glucocorticoids act at a genomic level by suppressing the translation of ACTH and CRH: this process takes 2 hours after exposure to increased glucocorticoids. The protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1), found in high quantities in the anterior pituitary gland,", "id": "2701076" }, { "contents": "Hypopituitarism\n\n\ngroup of cells from the oral cavity to form Rathke's pouch, which becomes independent of the nasal cavity and develops into the anterior pituitary; this process includes the suppression of production of a protein called Sonic hedgehog by the cells of Rathke's pouch. The cells then differentiate further into the various hormone-producing cells of the pituitary. This requires particular transcription factors that induce the expression of particular genes. Some of these transcription factors have been found to be deficient in some forms of rare combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD)", "id": "512152" }, { "contents": "Adrenal gland\n\n\ninvolved in an intermediate step of cortisol production. Glucocorticoids are under the regulatory influence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Glucocorticoid synthesis is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a hormone released into the bloodstream by the anterior pituitary. In turn, production of ACTH is stimulated by the presence of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is released by neurons of the hypothalamus. ACTH acts on the adrenal cells first by increasing the levels of StAR within the cells, and then of all steroidogenic", "id": "2025306" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\ncrucial to our physiological well being. Increased plasma levels of TSH induce hyperthermia through a mechanism involving increased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilation. Increased levels of LH also result in hypothermia but through a decreased metabolism action. ACTH increase metabolism and induce cutaneous vasoconstriction, increased plasma levels also result in hyperthermia and prolactin decreases with decreasing temperature values. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also may cause hypothermia if increased beyond homeostatic levels through an increased metabolic mechanism only. Gonadotropes, primarily luteinising hormone (LH) secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates the", "id": "19252543" }, { "contents": "Effects of stress on memory\n\n\n, the adrenocorticotropic axis, the vasopressin axis and the thyroxine axis, which are responsible for the physiologic response to stress. When a receptor within the body senses a stressor, a signal is sent to the anterior hypothalamus. At the reception of the signal, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) acts on the anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary in turn releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH induces the release of corticosteriods and aldosterone from the adrenal gland. These substances are the main factors responsible for the stress response in humans", "id": "15392793" }, { "contents": "Luteinizing hormone\n\n\nLuteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH (\"LH surge\") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with FSH. LH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein. Each monomeric unit is a glycoprotein molecule; one alpha and one beta", "id": "13278147" }, { "contents": "Hypopituitarism\n\n\nwhich consists of nervous tissue branching out of the hypothalamus, and the anterior pituitary, which consists of hormone-producing epithelium. The posterior pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone, which regulates osmolarity of the blood, and oxytocin, which causes contractions of the uterus in childbirth and participates in breastfeeding. The pituitary develops in the third week of embryogenesis from interactions between the diencephalon part of the brain and the nasal cavity. The brain cells secrete FGF-8, Wnt5a and BMP-4, and the oral cavity BMP-2. Together, these cellular signals stimulate a", "id": "512151" }, { "contents": "Growth hormone\n\n\nof about 10 to 20 minutes. The most common disease of GH excess is a pituitary tumor composed of somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. These somatotroph adenomas are benign and grow slowly, gradually producing more and more GH. For years, the principal clinical problems are those of GH excess. Eventually, the adenoma may become large enough to cause headaches, impair vision by pressure on the optic nerves, or cause deficiency of other pituitary hormones by displacement. Prolonged GH excess thickens the bones of the jaw, fingers and toes", "id": "8458545" }, { "contents": "Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication)\n\n\nAdrenocorticotropic hormone is used as a medication and as diagnostic agent in the ACTH stimulation test. The form that is purified from pig pituitary glands is known as corticotropin is a medication and naturally occurring polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. The form that is made synthetically is tetracosactide, also known as tetracosactrin and cosyntropin. It consists of the first 24 (of a total of 39) amino acids of ACTH and retains full function of the parent peptide. Tetracosactide stimulates the release of corticosteroids such as cortisol from", "id": "10354106" }, { "contents": "Anabolic steroid\n\n\ntrack and field. Male recreational athletes take AAS to achieve an “enhanced” physical appearance. AAS consumption disrupts the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) in males. In the HPG axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In adult males, LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone which is required to form", "id": "6847381" }, { "contents": "Kallmann syndrome\n\n\ndifferent mechanisms. The use of the term hypogonadotropic relates to the fact that the hypogonadism found in HH is caused by a disruption in the production of the gonadotropin hormones normally released by the anterior pituitary gland known as luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Failure in GnRH activity can otherwise be due to the absence of the GnRH releasing neurons inside the hypothalamus. HH can occur as an isolated condition with just the LH and FSH production being affected or it can occur in combined pituitary deficiency conditions. In", "id": "7486307" }, { "contents": "Somatostatin\n\n\nrelease of other hormones, including gastrin, secretin and histamine which effectively slows down the digestive process. Somatostatin is produced by neuroendocrine neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. These neurons project to the median eminence, where somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve endings into the hypothalamohypophysial system through neuron axons. Somatostatin is then carried to the anterior pituitary gland, where it inhibits the secretion of growth hormone from somatotrope cells. The somatostatin neurons in the periventricular nucleus mediate negative feedback effects of growth hormone on its own release; the somatostatin", "id": "14692093" }, { "contents": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist\n\n\nneither of these being GnRH agonists, but instead being antagonists) has been linked with immediate-onset systemic allergic reactions. GnRH antagonists competitively and reversibly bind to GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland, blocking the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. In men, the reduction in LH subsequently leads to rapid suppression of testosterone production in the testes; in women it leads to suppression of estradiol and progesterone production from the ovaries. GnRH antagonists are able to abolish gonadal", "id": "18153122" }, { "contents": "Venule\n\n\nlayer of fibrous connective tissue. The middle layer is poorly developed so that venules have thinner walls than arterioles. They are porous so that fluid and blood cells can move easily from the bloodstream through their walls. Short portal venules between the neural and anterior pituitary lobes provide an avenue for rapid hormonal exchange via the blood. Specifically within and between the pituitary lobes is anatomical evidence for confluent interlobe venules providing blood from the anterior to the neural lobe that would facilitate moment-to-moment sharing of information between lobes of the pituitary", "id": "22037706" }, { "contents": "Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus\n\n\n, dopamine (DA) and somatostatin (growth hormone release inhibiting hormone, GIH) into blood vessels in the hypophyseal portal system. The blood vessels carry the peptides to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the secretion of hormones into the systemic circulation. The parvocellular neurosecretory cells include those that make: As well as neuroendocrine neurons, the PVN contains interneurons and populations of neurons that project centrally (i.e., to other brain regions). The centrally-projecting neurons include The PVN receives afferent inputs from many brain regions and", "id": "20426647" }, { "contents": "Posterior pituitary\n\n\ninclude the two regions below: The median eminence is only occasionally included as part of the posterior pituitary. Other sources specifically exclude it from the pituitary. A few sources include the pars intermedia as part of the posterior lobe, but this is a minority view. It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis. Two hormones are classically considered as being related to the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and vasopressin", "id": "2333477" }, { "contents": "Neuroendocrinology\n\n\ninto the systemic circulation. The cell bodies of the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons are in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus, respectively, and the electrical activity of these neurons is regulated by afferent synaptic inputs from other brain regions. By contrast, the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland (the adenohypophysis) are secreted from endocrine cells that, in mammals, are not directly innervated, yet the secretion of these hormones (adrenocorticotrophic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone", "id": "18224674" }, { "contents": "Septo-optic dysplasia\n\n\ncompensate for visual impairment, there are few treatments available to induce normal optic nerve function. The degree of pituitary deficiency is also variable, and ranges from normal function, to deficiency of both anterior and posterior hormones. It is often unclear if the hypopituitarism is due to a primary pituitary dysfunction or is secondary to a hypothalamic dysfunction. Hypopituitarism in this syndrome is most often manifested by growth hormone deficiency. If severe, it can lead to diagnosis in the first days of life by causing hypoglycemia, jaundice, and micropenis (if", "id": "19075554" } ]

[ { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\nWhat Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on comedy television show \"Saturday Night Live\" and also appeared in a comedy sketch with Sofía Vergara on 7 April 2012. In Australia, they performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 54th Logie Awards, where they also presented an award for \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" on 15 April 2012. On 12 August 2012, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which", "id": "20333130" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 21 February 2013, and it has sold 4.8 million copies in the US as of June 2016. \"What Makes You Beautiful\" has sold over 7 million copies worldwide. The music video for \"What Makes You Beautiful\" was directed by John Urbano. Filmed over two days in July 2011, it premiered on 19 August 2011. On each of the five days preceding the video's premiere, One Direction posted a teaser trailer of the video online. Each teaser showed footage", "id": "6407291" }, { "contents": "One Thing (One Direction song)\n\n\ngroup performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" on \"Dancing on Ice\" on 5 February 2012. In the United States, One Direction performed the song along with \"More than This\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" for the first time on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012. An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. On 7 April 2012, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" and appeared in a comedy", "id": "10841129" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nperformed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 54th Logie Awards, where they also presented an award for \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" on 15 April 2012. On 12 August 2012, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics. It was included on the set list of the group's headlining sold-out show at Madison Square Garden on 3", "id": "6407299" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\nFrance, they performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on \"Le Grand Journal\" on 22 February 2012. In the United States, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"More than This\" and \"One Thing\" on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012. An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. They also performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards on 31 March 2012. One Direction performed \"", "id": "20333129" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\n, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at Capital FM's \"Jingle Bell Ball\" on 4 December 2011, at The O Arena. They performed a medley of \"She Makes Me Wanna\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" with JLS on \"The X Factor\" eighth series final on 10 December 2011. The group performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" on \"Dancing on Ice\" on 5 February 2012. In Italy, the band performed the song at the 2012 Sanremo", "id": "6407296" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\nFM's \"Jingle Bell Ball\" on 4 December 2011, at The O Arena. They performed a medley of \"She Makes Me Wanna\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" with JLS on \"The X Factor\" eighth series final on 10 December 2011. The group performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" on \"Dancing on Ice\" on 5 February 2012. In Italy, the group performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Sanremo Music Festival on 14 February 2012. In", "id": "20333128" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\ntube; the colour of the fan's shirt was the correct answer for the \"Red or Black?\" challenge. The band performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and its B-side, \"Na Na Na\", at the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards on 9 October 2011. The band also performed the song to open telethon \"Children in Need 2011\" on 19 November 2011. One Direction performed \"Gotta Be You\", \"One Thing\", and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at Capital", "id": "20333127" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nOne Direction is relatively unknown with no hits yet. They basically exploded, and all the adults are saying, 'Who are these people, and how do they know about it?'\". They also performed the song at the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards on 31 March 2012. One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on the NBC comedy television show \"Saturday Night Live\" on 7 April 2012, and also appeared in a comedy sketch with Sofía Vergara. In Australia, they", "id": "6407298" }, { "contents": "2012 MTV Video Music Awards\n\n\npm, to avoid competing with President Barack Obama's speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. This was somewhat early for MTV's targeted audience. Best Special Effects renamed Best Visual Effects. Nominees were announced on July 31, 2012. Rihanna (featuring Calvin Harris) – \"We Found Love\" Chris Brown – \"Turn Up the Music\" Nicki Minaj – \"Starships\" One Direction – \"What Makes You Beautiful\" One Direction – \"What Makes You Beautiful\" Coldplay – \"Paradise\" Drake (featuring Lil Wayne", "id": "6298550" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nMusic Festival on 14 February 2012. In France, they performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on \"Le Grand Journal\" on 22 February 2012. In the United States, One Direction performed the song along with \"More than This\" and \"One Thing\" for the first time on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012. An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. Melissa Lonner, senior entertainment producer for \"The Today Show\", said: \"", "id": "6407297" }, { "contents": "Glad You Came\n\n\nOne Direction's \"What Makes You Beautiful\" overtook its sales in July 2012. \"Glad You Came\" is to date The Wanted's only top 40 hit in the United States. The music video was created by Director X and was filmed in Ibiza, Spain. It sees the band on the beach, in a club and at a houseparty each with an individual woman. It was uploaded to YouTube on 10 June 2011. Jay McGuiness revealed to MTV UK: \"The theory of the video was take The Wanted", "id": "12849867" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\nmusic influences. Instrumentation throughout the record is provided by guitar strings, drums and a piano. The album opens with lead single \"What Makes You Beautiful\", an uptempo teen pop and power pop song. The opening guitar riff has been noted as similar to that of \"Grease\" single \"Summer Nights\". \"What Makes You Beautiful\" has a guitar-based chorus; Digital Spy's Robert Copsey likened it to a cross between Pink's \"Raise Your Glass\" and McFly's \"All About You\"", "id": "20333114" }, { "contents": "Kiss You (One Direction song)\n\n\nversion. Additionally, it is the final main track on the US edition of \"Now That's What I Call Music! 46\". \"Kiss You\" was written by Kristoffer Fogelmark, Kristian Lundin, Albin Nedler, Savan Kotecha, Shellback, and its producers, Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub. Falk, Kotecha, and Yacoub had collaboratively composed One Direction's previous hit singles, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"One Thing\", and \"Live While We're Young\". In April 2012, \"", "id": "3548231" }, { "contents": "Gotta Be You (One Direction song)\n\n\nhad previously directed the band's music video for \"What Makes You Beautiful\". While predominantly filmed in Lake Placid, New York, in October 2011, the clip's opening sequences were shot at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh. In October, the group told Digital Spy that they feared a crocodile attack when shooting the video. They also told Capital FM correspondent Kevin Hughes that the clip would be a significant transition from their previous music video; Malik described it as poignant and Louis Tomlinson reflected, \"The", "id": "20895779" }, { "contents": "One Thing (One Direction song)\n\n\ntop ten when \"One Thing\" was at number six and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at number ten for the chart week ending 22 April 2012. The single has been certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), indicating shipments of 280,000 copies. The accompanying music video was directed by Declan Whitebloom in London on 28 November 2011. Whitebloom approached shooting the clip with a \"what you get, is what you get\" sentiment, which, as he noted, \"can create some real magic", "id": "10841126" }, { "contents": "Look (2009 film)\n\n\nLook is a 2009 short film written and directed by Ryan Pickett. \"Look\" is about a barmaid, Emma (Starina Johnson), who is caught in a daydream when interrupted by a lost model (Theresa Meeker). The desire for beauty reveals an unsettling emptiness. In an interview with Matthew Saliba of Rogue Cinema, Pickett said, \"I feel so alive as a director when making films like this. It's pure emotion. What can we tell you from just our eyes? What are you seeing with", "id": "17790813" }, { "contents": "You & I (One Direction song)\n\n\ncharts. In Australia, the song debuted and peaked at number 23, while in New Zealand, it reached number 22. It reached the top-twenty in Spain, where it peaked at number 13, but became their first single since their debut, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" (2011), to miss the top-ten, while in France, the song only managed to reach number 42, after the album's release. In the United States, \"You & I\" debuted and peaked at number", "id": "14517438" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\n\"What Makes You Beautiful\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, \"Up All Night\" (2011). Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011. The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff. The middle eight consists of a \"na na na\" hook while the opening guitar riff interpolates The McCoys's 1965", "id": "6407267" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nusual pattern of releasing a single on radio. Instead the label mounted a four-month marketing campaign aimed at building a fan base through social media before a single was ever released or played on the radio. The social media campaign asked fans to sign petitions and to enter video competitions to win a concert in their town. The campaign was a success as One Direction's Facebook followers in the United States rose from 40,000 to 400,000. As a result, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" sold more than 131,000 copies in its", "id": "6407275" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nsparklers and taking photographs. On video sharing website MUZU TV, the video was the fourth most-watched music video of 2011 in the UK. The video won two MTV Video Music Awards for Best Pop Video and Most Share-Worthy Video, and earned the group the award for Best New Artist on 6 September 2012. As of October 2018, the music video has received 1 billion Vevo and YouTube views. One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" for the first time on \"Red or Black?\" on", "id": "6407293" }, { "contents": "Fjögur píanó\n\n\nwith his art in this raw (in every sense), thought-provoking, and beautiful directed piece.\" Har'el said in an interview about the video for Filmmaker Magazine, \"I suffer a lot when I have no freedom to do what I want because it always turns less than what it can be. But making films is expansive and you have to choose your battles. In this one, we were all on the same side.\" When asked if she was inspired by relationships, cinematic or otherwise, for", "id": "6397249" }, { "contents": "One Direction\n\n\nrepresent a $100 million business empire over 2013. Gatfield was quoted as saying, \"What you might not know about One Direction is that they already represent a $50 million business and that's a figure we expect to double next year\". In August 2012, the group's record sales exceeded 8 million singles, 3 million albums, and 1 million DVDs, and they performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the", "id": "10927240" }, { "contents": "One Direction\n\n\nLondon and Los Angeles, as One Direction worked with producers Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha, Steve Mac, and Rami Yacoub, among others. Released in September 2011, One Direction's debut single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was a commercial and international success. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, after becoming the most pre-ordered Sony Music Entertainment single in history. Subsequent singles, \"Gotta Be You\" and \"One Thing\", peaked in the UK Singles Chart top ten.", "id": "10927233" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\nWhat Makes You Beautiful\", \"Gotta Be You\", and \"One Thing\". To promote the album, the band performed on many TV shows and awards ceremonies, including the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. Furthermore, One Direction embarked on their first headlining concert tour, the Up All Night Tour. Footage from this concert was recorded and released on a live album, entitled . After being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of \"The X Factor\" in 2010, One Direction were signed by", "id": "20333109" }, { "contents": "Gotta Be You (One Direction song)\n\n\nseventh series of \"The X Factor\" in 2010, One Direction were signed to Syco Music. The number was written by August Rigo and Steve Mac, and was produced by Mac. One Direction premiered the single on BBC Radio 1 on 19 October 2011, with confirmation that it would serve as the second cut from \"Up All Night\", following their debut single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", which topped the UK Singles Chart in September of that year. Member Zayn Malik, in an October interview with", "id": "20895772" }, { "contents": "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song)\n\n\nthink it's time, think it's time/That you show it\", lines that were compared to One Direction's \"What Makes You Beautiful\" (2011). As the track follows, Bieber encourages girls to release their inner beauty: \"Light it up, so explosive/Why you acting so shy, holding back/DJ bring that back.\" During the rap section, Ludacris references their previous collaboration on \"Baby\" (2010), saying, \"Once again, the dynamic duo is back", "id": "17045920" }, { "contents": "One Direction discography\n\n\nin the United States. The film captures the band on the road during the Take Me Home Tour and documents their origins and rise to fame. The group's debut studio album \"Up All Night\" was released in November 2011. It topped the charts in sixteen countries. The lead single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was an international hit, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart and number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it has since been certified four and six times platinum in", "id": "13844691" }, { "contents": "Niall Horan\n\n\nRecording took place in Stockholm, London, and Los Angeles, as One Direction worked with producers such as Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha, Steve Mac, and Rami Yacoub. One Direction's debut single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was released in September 2011. A global and commercial success, the song reached number one in several countries. Subsequent singles, \"Gotta Be You\", \"One Thing\", and \"More than This\", had moderate success, with the first two becoming top ten", "id": "12378563" }, { "contents": "One Direction\n\n\nbest-selling albums of 2012 globally, each album selling over 4.4 million units worldwide. The album and \"Little Things\" both debuted at number one in the UK simultaneously, making One Direction the youngest act in British chart history to achieve that. \"Take Me Home\" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub, and Carl Falk, who composed One Direction's hits \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\", spent six months", "id": "10927246" }, { "contents": "Gotta Be You (One Direction song)\n\n\nstars. Matthew Horton of Virgin Media classified the song as one of the record's \"superior tracks\", and credited the ballad with keeping the album's \"pecker up\". \"Cosmopolitan\" Sarah Kwong lauded the lyrics and instrumentation of \"Gotta Be You\" and noted its appeal to a more mature audience in comparison to their debut single \"What Makes You Beautiful\". Writing for Allmusic, Matthew Chisling, however, described the ballad as \"a bit tepid.\" \"Gotta Be You\" debuted", "id": "20895776" }, { "contents": "More than This (One Direction song)\n\n\ndownload contains the principal recording, and live versions of the number itself, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Gotta Be You\", and \"Up All Night\". Produced by Brian Rawling and Paul Meehan, and written by Jamie Scott, \"More than This\" is an acoustic pop ballad that runs for 3:48 (3 minutes, 48 seconds). The chorus of the song is predominantly backed by synthesizers. One Direction's vocal range in the span from the note of F to A. Written in the", "id": "13582119" }, { "contents": "Little Things (One Direction song)\n\n\nCapital FM highlighted sequences in which the boy band \"share individual emotionally charged scenes.\" One Direction performed \"Little Things\" and \"Live While We're Young\" on \"The X Factor USA\" (8 November), and \"Little Things\" on \"The X Factor UK\" (11 November). The band performed the song along with \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", and \"Kiss You\" on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center (13", "id": "3548272" }, { "contents": "One Direction\n\n\nleg had been added to the tour. They made their first US television appearance on \"The Today Show\", at the Rockefeller Center; an estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. \"What Makes You Beautiful\" was officially released in the United States that same month, where it debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 28, becoming the highest debut for a British act since 1998. On the US \"Billboard 100\", it reached as high as number four. As of June 2016, it", "id": "10927236" }, { "contents": "Live While We're Young\n\n\n13 or up. The lyrics are unwieldy and uncouth. That's what happens when you're not a boy, but not yet a man: One Direction can't go straight from the G-rated sweetness of “What Makes You Beautiful” to something akin to Enrique Iglesias's \"Tonight, I’m F****** You,\" so instead they’re stuck with this in between clumsiness that the not-so-little girls will understand.\" Grady Smith of \"Entertainment Weekly\" characterised it", "id": "19652019" }, { "contents": "Take Me Home (One Direction album)\n\n\nmelody first\" was predominantly utilised, according to \"Time\" correspondent Douglas Wolk. Savan Kotecha, Yacoub, and Falk, who composed One Direction's hits, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\", spent six months in Stockholm, Sweden, developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around their tones. Kotecha reflected: \"We’ll spend days, sometimes weeks, challenging the melody. The goal is to make it sound like anyone can do this, but it's actually", "id": "16108642" }, { "contents": "It's Such a Beautiful Day (film)\n\n\na moment in each installment of Don Hertzfeldt's masterful trilogy of animated shorts where you feel something in your chest. It's an unmistakably cardiac event, the kind that great art can elicit when something profound and undeniably true is conveyed about the human condition. That's when you say to yourself: are stick figures supposed to make me feel this way? In the hands of a master, yes. And Hertzfeldt is to stick figures what Franz Liszt was to planks of ebony and ivory and what Ted Williams was to a", "id": "9859978" }, { "contents": "One Thing (One Direction song)\n\n\nsketch with Sofia Vergara on comedy television show \"Saturday Night Live\". The group played \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" and presented an award for \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" at the 54th Logie Awards on 15 April 2012. On 6 September 2012, One Direction performed \"One Thing\" at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. It was included on the set list of the group's headlining sold-out show at Madison Square Garden on 3 December 2012. Additionally, One Direction performed", "id": "10841130" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\n10 September 2011. The performance started with hosts Ant & Dec announcing that the band was supposedly running late for their appearance, and cut to a video of One Direction boarding a London Tube carriage full of fans, as the studio version of the song began playing. Each fan on the tube was given a numbered ticket. The band and fans disembarked the tube and made their way to the television studio, where the remainder of the song was sung live. After the song, Styles caught a numbered ticket raining onstage.", "id": "6407294" }, { "contents": "Blackthorn (film)\n\n\nfilmmakers—the director Mateo Gil and the screenwriter Miguel Barros—know what component parts make up a revisionist western, just as they know what goes into making a beautiful shot of the Bolivian hills or salt flats. What they don't know is how to put the pieces together in a way that makes taut narrative or that sidesteps clichés.\" In her review in the \"Los Angeles Times\", Betsy Sharkey wrote, \"The dialogue sometimes wavers and the plot doubles back on itself one too many times, and you", "id": "12106877" }, { "contents": "Heart Attack (2014 film)\n\n\nflight trip tickets and money from Prakash Raj. \"The Times of India\" gave a review stating \"The cinematography and music is what makes it seem much better than it really is. The visuals are breathtakingly beautiful. ... you'll be fine as long as you don't try to make sense of it all\" and rated the film 3/5. \"Bangalore Mirror\" gave a review stating \"If you are watching this film, then you can be sure of not getting a heart attack though you may be at the", "id": "1484521" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\nups and downs, but One Direction complete two important tasks on their debut album: the boy band notches a long-lasting hit with \"What Makes You Beautiful,\" and they look forward instead of back. Get ready to hear a lot more of One Direction. Matthew Horton of \"Virgin Media\" opined that the album brims with \"punchy pop rock\", and considered the dance-orientated \"Stole My Heart\": \"the only misstep, which only reinforces their decision to go pop rock.\" \"", "id": "20333144" }, { "contents": "X Factor (Polish season 3)\n\n\nAre You Gonna Go My Way\" by Lenny Kravitz, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" by One Direction, \"Wherever You Will Go\" by The Calling, \"Drive By\" by Train and Whitney Houston's \"I Have Nothing\". At the end of the day judges chose forty acts, who got through to the second day of Botcamp. Each of them had to choose one song out of two given and prepare their solo performance overnight. After seeing all performances, the judges made the decision and selected", "id": "15632015" }, { "contents": "What Have You Done to Solange?\n\n\nWhat Have You Done to Solange? () is a 1972 \"giallo\" film directed by Massimo Dallamano, and starring Fabio Testi, Karin Baal, Joachim Fuchsberger, Cristina Galbó, and Camille Keaton. The plot follows a series of violent murders occurring at a Catholic girls' school in England where a young student has gone missing. The film is a co-production between Italian production companies Italian International Films S.r.l., Clodio Cinematografica and West German company Rialto Film. While in a boat making out with a college professor", "id": "12413216" }, { "contents": "Louis Tomlinson\n\n\nIn September 2011, One Direction's debut single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was released. A global and commercial success, it reached number one in several countries including the UK. That November, their debut studio album, \"Up All Night\" was released in the UK and Ireland. Released internationally in 2012, One Direction became the first UK group to have their debut album reach number one in the United States. Following the album's release, they headlined the Up All Night Tour. Originally, the", "id": "17625113" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\n: \"Now they are calling the radio station, and the radio station is scratching its head, saying, ‘We don't even have that record yet,’. It's almost like the return of The Beatles. I call it hype, but it's positive hype because it's all real. It's not manufactured. No one paid these kids.\" One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" on \"Red or Black?\" on 10 September 2011. The performance started with hosts Ant & Dec", "id": "20333125" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\ntour. On the tour, One Direction covered Kings of Leon's \"Use Somebody\", Gym Class Heroes' \"Stereo Hearts\", The Zutons' \"Valerie\", Ednaswap's \"Torn\" and The Black Eyed Peas' \"I Gotta Feeling\". A recording of their tour, entitled \"\", was released in late May 2012. \"Up All Night\" yielded four singles. The lead single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was released in September 2011 and debuted at number one on", "id": "20333133" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\n, \"The group takes cues from the boy bands of yesteryear with bubblegum lyrics about young love — “The way you flip your hair gets me overwhelmed” they croon in their breakout single – which any parent can get behind. That’s a far cry from a typical Nicki Minaj verse.\" \"The Observer\" editor Kitty Empire wrote in an assessment, \"With the exception of their persuasive No 1 single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", their songs aren't wildly distinctive.\" \"What Makes You Beautiful", "id": "6407282" }, { "contents": "More than This (One Direction song)\n\n\nMay, the clip debuted, a live performance of the song featured on their debut video album, \"\", which was released on 28 May. Writing for MTV News, Jocelyn Vena suggested that fans would appreciate the clip's sequences. On 12 March 2012, One Direction performed \"More than This\", \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the Rockefeller Center on \"The Today Show\". An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. The group also performed the song during two of their", "id": "13582124" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nThe number corresponded to a ticket held by a fan from the tube; the colour of the fan's shirt was the correct answer for the \"Red or Black?\" challenge. The band performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" after its B-side, \"Na Na Na\", at the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards on 9 October 2011. The band also performed the song to open telethon \"Children in Need 2011\" on 19 November 2011. After \"Gotta Be You\" and \"One Thing\"", "id": "6407295" }, { "contents": "One Thing (One Direction song)\n\n\nseventh series of \"The X Factor\" in 2010, One Direction were signed to Syco Music. Recording for their debut studio album, \"Up All Night\", began in January 2011. In February 2011, the boy band and other contestants from the series participated in the \"X Factor\" Live Tour. After the tour concluded in April 2011, the group continued working on their debut album. Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub produced three songs on the album: \"What Makes You Beautiful,\" \"One Thing\"", "id": "10841114" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\n, One Direction became the second act of 2012 to have two singles in the top ten simultaneously with \"One Thing\" at number 3 and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at number 10. \"One Thing\" peaked at number 39 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The track was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 21 September 2012, denoting sales of 1,000,000 copies. \"More than This\" was confirmed to be released as the fourth single by Sony Music Australia in early May", "id": "20333138" }, { "contents": "Carl Falk\n\n\nthe former Cheiron Studios. Falk left \"The Location\" in 2007 and re-located to Los Angeles in April 2010 to team up with Rami Yacoub and Steve Angello (Swedish House Mafia). Back in Sweden Carl and Rami started their production company and studio – Kinglet Studios. Since 2010 he has co-written and co-produced hits like \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"One Thing\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Kiss You\" by One Direction and \"Starships\" and \"", "id": "67740" }, { "contents": "One Direction\n\n\nwas released on 17 November 2014. Payne once again claimed that the album would be \"edgier\" and that the group had written most of the songs for it; Horan came up with the name of the album, commemorating the fact that it is One Direction's fourth record to date and that it has been four years since the band's formation. Signifying a further maturation of their pop sound, the album's first single, Steal My Girl, was dubbed by \"Billboard\" as \"no What Makes You Beautiful", "id": "10927274" }, { "contents": "Someone like You (Adele song)\n\n\nSomeone like You\" was nominated in the category for Best Track. The song was also nominated in the category for Best Song at the 2011 Music of Black Origin Awards. \"Someone like You\" won the first Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, at the 54th Grammy Awards, which were held on 12 February 2012. Song also nominated for Brit Award for British Single of the Year at the 2012 Brit Awards, but lost to \"What Makes You Beautiful\" by One Direction. \"The Village Voice\"s Pazz &", "id": "11112308" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nYouTube on 19 August 2011 and has accumulated more than 1.0 billion views since it premiered. The clip garnered the group three MTV Video Music Awards at the 2012 ceremony. One Direction performed the song live on televised shows, at awards ceremonies, and on four of their major concert tours: Up All Night Tour (2011–12), Take Me Home Tour (2013), Where We Are Tour (2014) and On the Road Again Tour (2015). Harry performed the song his . Artists including the Piano Guys have", "id": "6407270" }, { "contents": "She Makes Me Wanna\n\n\none on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 98,000, becoming JLS's fifth UK number-one hit. The song was also nominated for 'Best British Single' at the 2012 BRIT Awards but lost to \"What Makes You Beautiful\" by One Direction. The song's accompanying music video features JLS and Dev performing at a beach party. A music video to accompany the release of \"She Makes Me Wanna\" was first released onto YouTube on 5 July 2011 at a total length of 3 minutes and", "id": "12916601" }, { "contents": "Susie Diamond\n\n\nFilm critic Roger Ebert predicted that \"The Fabulous Baker Boys\" would become \"one of the movies they will use as a document ... when they begin to trace the steps by which Pfeiffer became a great star\", concluding, \"This is the movie of her flowering - not just as a beautiful woman, but as an actress with the ability to make you care about her, to make you feel what she feels.\" Ebert also identified Pfeiffer as a successor to classic Hollywood actresses Rita Hayworth and Marilyn Monroe.", "id": "3611239" }, { "contents": "Live While We're Young\n\n\n\"Live While We're Young\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released as the lead single from their second studio album, \"Take Me Home\" (2012). Written by Savan Kotecha and its producers, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, the number was released by Syco Records on 28 September 2012. Falk, Kotecha, and Yacoub had collaboratively helmed One Direction's previous hits, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\". The track is an uptempo, upbeat bubblegum", "id": "19652001" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nsingle \"Hang on Sloopy\". \"What Makes You Beautiful\" was a commercial success, reaching number one in several countries. It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016. The single peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart. The song won the 2012 Brit Award for British Single of the Year and was generally complimented by contemporary music critics, who highlighted the appeal to the teenage audience and the", "id": "6407268" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\ncovered \"What Makes You Beautiful\". \"What Makes You Beautiful\" was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, and was produced by Yacoub and Falk. Instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub. Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering, and John Hanes the mix engineering, for which Phil Seaford served as the assistant. Discussing the song's conception, Kotecha said: After recording the song at Cosmos Studios and Kinglet Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, the band felt relieved to have a song", "id": "6407271" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nsong in 2011 at the time. \"What Makes You Beautiful\" also debuted at number 1 on the Scottish Singles Chart. \"What Makes You Beautiful\" was the 20th best-selling single of 2011, moving 540,000 copies, and was the 92nd best-selling single of the 21st century in the UK by May 2012. It has sold over 1,000,000 copies in the UK. In Belgium, the song debuted at number 44 on both the Flemish Ultratop 50 and the Wallonian Ultratip; it peaked at numbers 8 and 19", "id": "6407285" }, { "contents": "Wherever You Are (Military Wives song)\n\n\nthe Top 12 combined. The song also claimed the status of the biggest first week sales since \"A Moment Like This\" by Leona Lewis sold over 571,000 copies in its first week in 2006. The song was included on their debut studio album \"In My Dreams\". \"Wherever You Are\" was nominated for Best British Single in the 2012 BRIT Awards, but the award was won by One Direction for their single \"What Makes You Beautiful\". The Military Wives was formed in 2011 by Gareth Malone for the", "id": "8051145" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nconsecutive weeks. \"What Makes You Beautiful\" became the fourteenth best-selling single of 2011 on the Irish Singles Chart. In the UK, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" received the highest ever number of pre-orders for a Sony Music Entertainment single. It sold 82,000 copies in its first two days, a figure which rose to 100,000 by the third day. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 1 on 18 September 2011, shifting 153,965 copies that week—the highest first-week UK sales for any", "id": "6407284" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\nbeen certified quadruple platinum by Music Canada, denoting sales of 320,000 copies. In the United States, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" became the highest \"Billboard\" Hot 100 debut for a British act since 1998. On 1 March 2012, the single debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 28, whilst bowing at number 12 on the Hot Digital Songs chart, selling 132,000 digital downloads in its first week. On the week ending 21 April 2012, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" peaked at number 4.", "id": "6407289" }, { "contents": "Take Me Home Tour (One Direction)\n\n\nshows held in Australia and New Zealand. The tour placed at number 10 on \"Pollstar\"s Year-End Top 20 Worldwide Tours list, grossing $114 million from the 123 shows. On 21 February 2012, One Direction attended the 2012 BRIT Awards at which they received the Best British Single award for their debut single \"What Makes You Beautiful\". During One Direction's acceptance speech, member Liam Payne stated that they would embark on their first arena concert tour. Reports soon followed that the tour would consist of fifteen dates", "id": "15262211" }, { "contents": "Naperville Independent Film Festival\n\n\njudges. One panel assigns awards, the other panel critiques films and provides feedback to the filmmakers on areas such as lighting, writing and directing. Pradel, chairman of the festival, explains that \"usually when you enter a film you either hear that you won or you didn't, but there's no explanation of why. That's what’s going to make us a little bit different.\" Says Edmond Coisson, \"our mission is for filmmakers to come back next year and to be even more successful.\"", "id": "15468718" }, { "contents": "The Princess Diaries (film)\n\n\nare particularly distinctive\", and felt that the album could have benefited from more originality as the Backstreet Boys' track \"What Makes You Different (Makes You Beautiful)\" implies. A soundtrack consisting exclusively of the film's orchestral score was released on December 11, 2001, credited to Debney. Disney attempted to market the film cleverly to dispel the stigma associated with G-rated films at the time. \"The Princess Diaries\" premiered on July 29, 2001 at the El Capitan Theatre. Prior to introducing the film", "id": "11096390" }, { "contents": "List of songs recorded by One Direction\n\n\nEnglish-Irish boy band One Direction have recorded material for five studio albums. Apart from their album songs, the band has released several non-album singles, such as the charity singles \"One Way or Another (Teenage Kicks)\" and \"God Only Knows\". \"Forever Young\", which would have been released if they had won \"The X Factor\", was their first unofficial single. \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was released as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album", "id": "5637252" }, { "contents": "Live While We're Young\n\n\nNovember). The band performed the track alongside \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Little Things\", and \"Kiss You\" on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center (13 November), to a record crowd of 15,000. The group performed \"Live While We're Young\" and \"Little Things\" on the BBC's \"Children in Need 2012\" telethon (16 November). One Direction also performed the track at Germany's Bambi Awards (22 November). \"Live While We're", "id": "19652037" }, { "contents": "Take Me Home (One Direction album)\n\n\nvery difficult\". In addition, after viewing the international success of \"What Makes You Beautiful\", the trio conceptualised songs \"that kids could play on guitar and cover on YouTube.\" After extensive promotional appearances in support of their debut album, One Direction began recording the album in May 2012, in Stockholm, Sweden, at Kinglet Studios. In June 2012, the group continued recording the album in the United States, while touring on the final leg of their \"Up All Night Tour\". Horan, in", "id": "16108643" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\n. It's not manufactured. No one paid these kids.\" \"What Makes You Beautiful\" is a power pop song, with electropop influences. Running for 3 minutes and 23 seconds, the song is set in common time with a tempo of 125 beats per minute. Written in the key of E major, it follows the chord progression E–A–B; vocal elements range from the note of B to G. James C. McKinley Jr. of \"The New York Times\" compared its chord progression to \"La", "id": "6407277" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\n\"fun, upbeat and incredibly catchy.\" AllMusic's Matthew Chisling called it an \"effervescent and fresh tween love song\", and chose it as one of the best tracks on \"Up All Night\". Sophie Goddard from \"Cosmopolitan\" called the single \"ridiculously catchy\". \"Student\" Jack Murray rated \"What Makes You Beautiful\" five out of five stars and called it \"not only the best pop single of the year so far, but potentially of any \"X Factor\" contestant ever\".", "id": "6407280" }, { "contents": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\n\n\nChapman and Roger Allers, who were the first to suggest that the ballroom be built using computers. As the film's executive producer, former Head of Disney's film division Jeffrey Katzenberg recalled that he began working on \"Beauty and the Beast\" deciding what its \"wowie\" moment would be, defining this as \"the moment in the movie where you see what's on the screen and go, 'Wow-IEE'\"; this ultimately became the film's ballroom sequence. According to Hahn, the scene was", "id": "17700820" }, { "contents": "John Huston\n\n\nthat financial backers would have trouble trying to cut scenes.\" Huston shot most of his films on location, working \"intensely\" six days a week, and \"on Sundays, played equally intense poker with the cast and crew.\" When asked how he envisions his films while directing and what his goals are, Huston replied: To me the ideal film — which I've never succeeded in making — would be as though the reel were behind one's eyes and you were projecting it yourself, seeing what you wish", "id": "210568" }, { "contents": "Up All Night Tour\n\n\nwould be embarking on a solo tour \"soon\". One Direction's debut headline UK concert tour, the Up All Night Tour, was officially announced on 27 September 2011. Set for December 2011 and January 2012, the tour would showcase their then-upcoming debut album, and would commence on 18 December 2011 in Watford, England and end on 26 January 2012 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. One Direction announced the solo tour shortly after releasing their first single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\". Shows in the UK", "id": "1406925" }, { "contents": "What Makes You Beautiful\n\n\npop sensibility. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart after setting a Sony Music Entertainment pre-order record and selling 153,965 copies in its first week. The single also topped the Irish and Scottish Singles Charts, and reached the top ten on the Australian and New Zealand Singles Charts, Flemish Ultratop 50, Canadian Hot 100, and the Japan Hot 100. The accompanying music video, directed by John Urbano, depicts One Direction spending time on a beach in Malibu, California. The music video was uploaded to", "id": "6407269" }, { "contents": "Balam (2009 film)\n\n\nit was \"movies like C J Reddy Enterprises' \"Balam\", directed by Muralikrishna, make you realise how a film with an experienced cast can go haywire, thanks to a few silly elements that simply take away the joy of story-telling\". The reviewer added \"what's even more puzzling is what veteran actors like Rahman and Suhasini are doing in a film where there's no scope to flex even a little finger, let alone acting muscles\". The film had a low key opening at the Tamil", "id": "3611264" }, { "contents": "Gotta Be You (One Direction song)\n\n\nand peaked at number three on the Irish Singles Chart on the chart dated 17 November 2011, marking the group's second top five appearance in Ireland. In the United Kingdom, the piece sold substantially less than their first single \"What Makes You Beautiful\", selling 59,461 copies in its first week. Despite the single reaching number one on the mid-week chart update, it entered the UK Singles Chart dated 20 November 2011 at number three behind the seventh week sales of Rihanna's \"We Found Love\" and the", "id": "20895777" }, { "contents": "List of The X Factor finalists (American season 2)\n\n\n. In this season, he auditioned in Providence, Rhode Island with Count On Me, an original song. At the bootcamp part 2, he was paired with Normani Kordei. They sang One Direction's hit \"What Makes You Beautiful\". At judges' houses, he sang the acoustic version of \"Starships\" and his mentor Spears chose him to compete in the live shows. Ray performed \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\" during the first live show on October 31. On November 1, during the first", "id": "5092775" }, { "contents": "2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony\n\n\n, \"You were only supposed to blow the bloody doors off!\", echoed around the stadium. All the lorries had the newspaper removed and a colourful street party erupted, while Madness performed \"Our House\". This was followed by the Massed Bands of the Household Division marching whilst playing Blur's \"Parklife\". Entering on rickshaws, the Pet Shop Boys performed their hit \"West End Girls\", and then One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" from the back of a lorry. Next there was", "id": "7703974" }, { "contents": "One Thing (One Direction song)\n\n\nand \"I Wish,\" all of which were co-written by Falk, Yacoub and Savan Kotecha. Initially, \"One Thing\" was written as two different songs: \"One had a really, really good verse\" and the other track \"had a really, really good chorus\", as noted by Falk in a 2012 interview with Examiner.com. Falk quipped that when they merged the two songs, \"everything fell into place\". Additionally, Falk deemed it the perfect accompaniment to \"What Makes You Beautiful", "id": "10841115" }, { "contents": "Liam Payne\n\n\n, \"One Direction: Forever Young (Our Official X Factor Story)\", was released in February 2011 and topped \"The Sunday Times\"' Best Seller list. Their debut single, \"What Makes You Beautiful\", was released in September 2011, and was a commercial and international success, reaching number one in several countries. Their debut album, \"Up All Night\", was released in Ireland and the UK of November of that same year, charting at number one and number two, respectively. The", "id": "2280421" }, { "contents": "Stephen Auerbach\n\n\n. Revealing what lies at the heart of every impossible human endeavor is what Bicycle Dreams is all about.\" \"Bicycle Dreams is glorious and ugly and wonderful and gut-wrenching. It’s clear that Bicycle Dreams channels some kind of magic. It’s the kind of magic that makes crazy and insane dreams worth attempting.\" \"Bicycle Dreams is a film you must see. It's beautiful, thought provoking, exciting, emotional and scary. The experience of watching this film will leave you with a new perspective on", "id": "20194279" }, { "contents": "Billy Frolick\n\n\n\"What I Really Want to Do is Direct\" tracked seven film school graduates over three years. Academy Award-winning director Steven Soderbergh wrote, “If you are reading my words right now, you need to buy this book. Billy Frolick has produced the definitive text on what it’s like to make a start in the film business. I found it absolutely riveting.” And from \"Publishers Weekly\": “Essential reading.” Frolick's directing debut, \"It is What it Is\", a full", "id": "13745807" }, { "contents": "Up All Night (One Direction album)\n\n\n. The social media campaign asked fans to sign petitions and to enter video competitions to win a concert in their town. The campaign was a success as One Direction's Facebook followers in the United States rose from 40,000 to 400,000. \"What Makes You Beautiful\" sold more than 131,000 copies in its first week, even though it had yet to be played on the radio. Radio programmers were flooded with calls from fans. Johnny Wright, who managed New Kids on the Block, Backstreet Boys and 'N Sync, said", "id": "20333124" }, { "contents": "Beautiful 'Cause You Love Me\n\n\nSam Lansky of Idolator. Amy Sciaretto of PopCrush noted that the lyrics address to \"how the love of a good man can make you beautiful, and that love, not looks, are what’s important in life.\" During the chorus, the group sings, \"Right now the whole world could call me ugly / So what? To you, I'm not / You don't love me cause I'm beautiful, oh no / I'm beautiful cause you love me.\" When asked about the song,", "id": "10120938" }, { "contents": "Speed Racer (soundtrack)\n\n\nto inject his own sense of retro-flair that makes \"Speed Racer\" one score you might consider racing out to get\", according to Tracksounds.com. \"The New York Times\" noted \"some of what you see in \"Speed Racer\" is indeed beautiful (as is the slyly old-fashioned orchestral score by Michael Giacchino).\" \"Film Music Magazine\" qualified it \"as energizing a ride as any musically re-tooled cartoon standard can hope for\", adding it is \"the musical equivalent of", "id": "8142811" }, { "contents": "You Have to Be Beautiful\n\n\nYou Have to Be Beautiful (German: Schön muß man sein) is a 1951 German musical comedy film directed by Ákos Ráthonyi and starring Sonja Ziemann, Willy Fritsch and Anny Ondra. The film's sets were designed by art director Mathias Matthiess. It was Ondra's final film apart from a brief cameo role in \"The Affairs of Julie\". It was made at the Wandsbek Studios of the Hamburg-based Real Film. Impresario Zwickel (Rudolf Platte) fears for the preview of the new operetta. One day remains", "id": "16932681" }, { "contents": "Prom-asaurus\n\n\n(LaMarcus Tinker). Helen Mirren made her second uncredited vocal appearance as Becky Jackson's interior voice. Five songs from the episode were released as singles available for digital download: Selena Gomez & the Scene's \"Love You Like a Love Song\" performed by Rivera, Fergie's \"Big Girls Don't Cry\" performed by Michele, Colfer and Criss; One Direction's \"What Makes You Beautiful\" featuring Larsen, McGinty, Overstreet, Kevin McHale and Harry Shum, Jr.; Berlin's \"Take My Breath Away", "id": "13088068" }, { "contents": "One Direction\n\n\nthe boy band movement\". The songs \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" were particularly noted for the genres of power pop and pop rock, for their \"powerhouse\" guitar riffs and \"forceful\" choruses. Their second studio album, \"Take Me Home\" (2012), is characterised by rock-inherited pop, prominent electric guitar riffs, bright synthesisers, a homogeneous sound and message, and the pitch-correcting software Auto-Tune. Alexis Petridis of \"The Guardian\" interpreted its", "id": "10927268" }, { "contents": "Emblem3\n\n\nlive show on November 7, the group performed their version of \"My Girl\" by the Temptations and \"California Gurls\" by Katy Perry with \"What Makes You Beautiful\" by One Direction as the background track. After the second live show the group was ranked sixth based on the fan votes and made it to the next week's live shows. On the third live show, they performed \"No One\" by Alicia Keys and were ranked fourth by the fan votes moving on to week five. On the fourth", "id": "8872684" }, { "contents": "Only You (1994 film)\n\n\nessentially a light, inoffensive movie that will appeal to those who aren't seeking more than a bubbly romance.\" In his DVD review for \"Movie.net\", John J. Puccio wrote, \"What every good romantic comedy demands are two beautiful people, usually of opposite sexes, beautiful scenery, beautiful music, and beautifully written situations. Never mind that director Norman Jewison's previous hit comedy, \"Moonstruck\", didn't quite fit the mold. \"Only You\" does.\" Puccio called the film \"one of", "id": "12137956" }, { "contents": "An Oversimplification of Her Beauty\n\n\nAn Oversimplification of Her Beauty is a 2012 American semi-animated comedy-drama-romance film, directed by Terence Nance, following a quixotic artist who, when stood up by an attractive woman, makes a film about it and shows it to her. It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and has received generally positive reviews from critics. A young man (Terence Nance) is stood up on a date by a beautiful woman (Namik Minter), he begins to wonder about the nature of feelings and what exactly", "id": "2868221" }, { "contents": "A Beautiful Planet\n\n\ndegrees. You feel that inside the suit. My fingertips in the sunlight would feel like they were on fire almost ... [Also,] you have a safety tether attached to the Station, and it's on a reel ... You can be upside down, twisted, inverted; you can completely lose your spatial awareness about where you are and what your attitude is, and you can easily get tangled up in that safety tether if you're not cautious. Every single movement you make, you're making an effort to", "id": "17935129" }, { "contents": "Strange Magic (film)\n\n\non it for a long time.\" Rydstrom mentioned that Lucas emphasized that the story should be about \"finding beauty in strange places\". Rydstrom also stated \"It was important for him to tell this story where you saw the beauty in something you didn't expect to see—that it looked ugly on the outside but you saw the beauty underneath.\" The film was in the works for 15 years including, at one point development alongside the \"Star Wars\" prequels. Before The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm in", "id": "7676603" }, { "contents": "Live While We're Young\n\n\nas \"not-so-innocent\" and a \"party jam\". Jason Lipshutz of \"Billboard\" felt that its sexual suggestive lyricism \"arrives too soon after the more accomplished puppy-love odes of previous hits \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" to further the conversation.\" \"Live While We're Young\" debuted on the Irish Singles Chart at number one on 4 October 2012, becoming One Direction's fourth top ten appearance and their second chart-topper in Ireland. In the United", "id": "19652020" }, { "contents": "List of The X Factor finalists (British series 14)\n\n\n. Scherzinger chose Jefford, Linnen and White to progress to the live shows. Dean later advanced as one of the public's wildcards. Talia Dean, (born 17 January 1985) aged 33, is an airport VIP escort at Heathrow Airport from Hounslow, London. Dean was originally eliminated during judges' houses, but was brought back in the competition for the live shows as one of the public's wildcards. In the second live show, Dean performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" by One Direction, but received the", "id": "6444717" }, { "contents": "Live While We're Young\n\n\nwas produced by Yacoub and Falk. The trio had collaboratively helmed One Direction's previous hits, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\". In early 2012, the group confirmed a follow-up release for their debut album, \"Up All Night\" (2011), was in development. \"In the summer, we’re going to get back and start a new record. We want to bring out a record nearly every year, every year and a half,\" member Niall Horan said,", "id": "19652006" }, { "contents": "American Beauty (1999 film)\n\n\nhomeless woman: \"When you see something like that, it's like God is looking right at you, just for a second. And if you're careful, you can look right back.\" Jane asks: \"And what do you see?\" Ricky: \"Beauty.\" Ball said, \"They wanted to cut that scene. They said it's not important. I said, 'You're out of your fucking mind. It's one of the most important scenes in the movie!' [", "id": "210066" } ]

[ { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nhighest incidence rate, with 3,877 cases, although it did not make an official epidemic declaration. \"B. pertussis\" was discovered in 1906 by Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou, who also developed the first serology and vaccine. Efforts to develop an inactivated whole-cell vaccine began soon after \"B. pertussis\" was cultured that year. In the 1920s, Louis W. Sauer developed a weak vaccine for whooping cough at Evanston Hospital (Evanston, IL). In 1925 Danish physician Thorvald Madsen was the first to test a whole-", "id": "7160327" }, { "contents": "Gordon Stewart (epidemiologist)\n\n\n-banned whooping cough vaccines given by the British government to orphans and mentally handicapped children. In 1984, he was commissioned to write a report on the whooping cough vaccine by Britain's chief scientific officer, but the report was never made public by the then-British Health Secretary Kenneth Clarke. In the 1970s, Stewart became well-known for his opposition to the pertussis vaccine, which he claimed to have supported until 1974, when he saw many vaccinated children who had still developed pertussis. By the mid-1970s, his criticisms", "id": "11606450" }, { "contents": "Vaccine hesitancy\n\n\nand disease incidence declined dramatically. In the vaccination moratorium period that occurred when Sweden suspended vaccination against whooping cough (pertussis) from 1979 to 1996, 60% of the country's children contracted the disease before the age of 10; close medical monitoring kept the death rate from whooping cough at about one per year. An outbreak at a religious community and school in the Netherlands resulted in three deaths and 68 hospitalizations among 2,961 cases. The population in the several provinces affected had a high level of immunization, with the exception of", "id": "17332070" }, { "contents": "Warnings About Vaccination Expectations NZ\n\n\nhealth education.\" During a 2011 whooping cough epidemic, IAS spokeswoman Michelle Rudgley went on record in the \"Otago Daily Times\" with the statement:One day they are really going to have to accept that the pertussis [whooping cough] vaccine is useless and no matter how many boosters you have it is not going to stop the occurrence of whooping cough and the best bet is for parents to educate themselves on how to look after their children should they develop it.In July 2009, during a measles epidemic, IAS", "id": "18728462" }, { "contents": "Pearl Kendrick\n\n\nIt was there that she met Grace Eldering. Eldering was located in Lansing and worked at the State Department of Health. Kendrick and Eldering headed the vaccine project through program development, testing, and the eventual inoculation of children with the pertussis vaccine. The vaccine was a success. Michigan started distributing the vaccines in 1940 and deaths from whooping cough declined. Their work contributed significantly When the pertussis vaccine was in the primary phase of development, the American-made vaccine was very effective, while the locally-made vaccine in England", "id": "1419693" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\n1906. The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s. The classic symptoms of pertussis are a paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop, and fainting, or vomiting after coughing. The cough from pertussis has been documented to cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, urinary incontinence, hernias, and vertebral artery dissection. Violent coughing can cause the pleura to rupture, leading to a pneumothorax. Vomiting after a coughing spell or an inspiratory whooping sound on coughing, almost doubles the likelihood that the illness is pertussis. The absence of a paroxysmal cough", "id": "7160306" }, { "contents": "Bordetella pertussis\n\n\nreproducing results from different studies, as the preinoculating handling of the bacteria was not standardized among scientists. At least some primate species are highly sensitive to \"B. pertussis\", and develop a clinical whooping cough in high incidence when exposed to low inoculation doses. Whether the bacteria spread naturally in wild animal populations has not been confirmed satisfactorily by laboratory diagnosis, but whooping cough has been found among wild gorillas. Several zoos have learned to vaccinate their primates against whooping cough. A nasopharyngeal or an oropharynx swab is sent to the bacteriology", "id": "2389745" }, { "contents": "Pearl Kendrick\n\n\nPearl Louella Kendrick (August 24, 1890 – October 8, 1980) was an American bacteriologist. Kendrick is known for co-developing the first vaccine with Grace Eldering and Loney Gordon for whooping cough. She also contributed to the promotion of international vaccine standards. Pearl Louella Kendrick was born on August 24, 1890 in Wheaton, Illinois, US. Her father was a engineer. When she was just three years old, she had developed the whooping cough at an early age. She graduated from high school in 1908 and", "id": "1419691" }, { "contents": "Bordetella pertussis\n\n\nhave the typical whoop. A coughing spell may last a minute or more, producing cyanosis, apnoea, and seizures. However, when not in a coughing fit, the patient does not experience trouble breathing. This is because \"B. pertussis\" inhibits the immune response, so very little mucus is generated in the lungs. A prolonged cough may be irritating and sometimes a disabling cough may go undiagnosed in adults for many months. Pertussis vaccine has been widely used since the second half of the 20th century. The first vaccines", "id": "2389743" }, { "contents": "Margaret Pittman\n\n\n, Maryland, campus of the NIH, Pittman began work on a standard of potency for a pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. In collaboration with Dr. Pearl Kindrick and Dr. Grace Eldering of the Michigan Department of Health, who had pioneered an effective pertussis vaccine but who had been unable to develop a potency assay, Pittman guided the 1949 initiation of U.S. standards for pertussis vaccine, which also became the basis of the international potency requirement of the World Health Organization. This led to a tenfold drop in mortality from whooping cough in", "id": "20419143" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\nvaccine continued during two Channel 7 \"Sunday Night\" television programs, where Dorey made the claim that \"no-one ever dies of Whooping Cough\". During the debates, the facts surrounding the death of Dana McCaffery from whooping cough were disputed by Dorey and other AVN members, and it was alleged that the infant's parents had received hatemail from AVN supporters for their public pro-vaccination stance following the death of their daughter. The filming of this program was the catalyst for the formation of the \"Stop the AVN", "id": "5812290" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\ncell vaccine on a wide scale. Madsen used the vaccine to control outbreaks in the Faroe Islands in the North Sea. In 1932 an outbreak of whooping cough hit Atlanta, Georgia, prompting pediatrician Leila Denmark to begin her study of the disease. Over the next six years her work was published in the \"Journal of the American Medical Association\", and in partnership with Emory University and Eli Lilly & Company, she developed the first pertussis vaccine. In 1942 American scientists Grace Eldering, Loney Gordon, and Pearl Kendrick combined", "id": "7160328" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\nHCCC criticised the AVN for selectively using information to support its position, when there is no evidence to support their claims, and that the evidence suggests that the most effective meningococcal strategy is to widely vaccinate. Following the death of four-week-old Dana McCaffery from pertussis (whooping cough) in March 2009, and the subsequent government campaigns to improve pertussis immunisation, the AVN launched a campaign against the pertussis vaccine, using the death of the child in the campaign materials, claiming that the she did not die from pertussis", "id": "5812287" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nto low inoculation doses. The bacteria may be present in wild animal populations, but this is not confirmed by laboratory diagnosis, although whooping cough is known among wild gorillas. Several zoos also have a long-standing custom of vaccinating their primates against whooping cough. After the bacteria are inhaled, they initially adhere to the ciliated epithelium in the nasopharynx. Surface proteins of \"B. pertussis\", including filamentous hemaglutinin and pertactin, mediate attachment to the epithelium. The bacteria then multiply. In infants, who experience more severe disease", "id": "7160310" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nstart of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits. Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days. Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat. This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction. Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine. Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age, with four doses to be given in the first two years of life. Protection from pertussis decreases over time, so additional doses", "id": "7160303" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\nused in other countries such as Australia, nor did she reveal that Sweden reintroduced pertussis vaccination in 1996 and this had resulted in huge incidence reduction, with cases falling by 80-90% within 3 years. In the article, Dorey claims that \"Whooping Cough is not a vaccine-preventable disease\". Critics point out that evidence has shown that the acellular vaccine is 84% efficacious, and prevents 99.8% of infant hospital admissions after a completing a full course of three doses of the vaccine. Their campaign against the", "id": "5812289" }, { "contents": "Homeopathy\n\n\nrisk missing timely diagnosis and effective treatment of serious conditions such as cancer. In 2013 the UK Advertising Standards Authority concluded that the Society of Homeopaths were targeting vulnerable ill people and discouraging the use of essential medical treatment while making misleading claims of efficacy for homeopathic products. In 2015 the Federal Court of Australia imposed penalties on a homeopathic company, Homeopathy Plus! Pty Ltd and its director, for making false or misleading statements about the efficacy of the whooping cough vaccine and homeopathic remedies as an alternative to the whooping cough vaccine, in", "id": "14425505" }, { "contents": "Grace Eldering\n\n\nGrace Eldering (September 5, 1900 – August 31, 1988) was an American public health scientist, known for her involvement in the creation of a vaccine for whooping cough along with Loney Gordon and Pearl Kendrick. Grace Eldering was born in Rancher, Montana, in 1900. Eldering's parents had immigrated to the United States before she was born, with her mother having arrived from Scotland and her father from the Netherlands. She contracted and survived whooping cough when she was five, leading to her involvement in science in her", "id": "15358508" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nthe whole-cell pertussis vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids to generate the first DTP combination vaccine. To minimize the frequent side effects caused by the pertussis component, Japanese scientist Yuji Sato developed an acellular vaccine consisting of purified haemagglutinins (HAs: filamentous strep throat and leukocytosis-promoting-factor HA), which are secreted by \"B. pertussis\". Sato's acellular pertussis vaccine was used in Japan starting in 1981. Later versions of the acellular vaccine in other countries consisted of additional defined components of \"B. pertussis\" and", "id": "7160329" }, { "contents": "AB5 toxin\n\n\nRobert Koch in 1883. Cholera toxin is composed of a protein complex that is secreted by the bacterium \"Vibrio cholerae\". Some symptoms of this toxin include chronic and widespread watery diarrhea and dehydration that, in some cases, leads to death. This family is also known as Ptx and contains the toxin responsible for whooping cough. Pertussis toxin is secreted by the gram-negative bacterium, \"Bordetella pertussis\". Whooping cough is very contagious and cases are slowly increasing in the United States despite vaccination. Symptoms include paroxysmal cough", "id": "2575774" }, { "contents": "Northern Rivers Vaccination Supporters\n\n\nRivers region as a place where \"\"it is not only socially acceptable to refuse vaccination, but supporting vaccination carries the risk of being ostracised\"\". The NRVS was formed in 2013 by people who were concerned about these low vaccination rates. Alison Gaylard helped start the group after her two daughters became ill with whooping cough. She says \"We're trying to get the correct, factual information out there... And so if people out there are sourcing their information from the correct place, they won't be fed misinformation", "id": "21979728" }, { "contents": "Vaccination\n\n\ncaused by the disease. Many parents do not vaccinate their children because they feel that diseases are no longer present due to vaccination. This is a false assumption, since diseases held in check by immunization programs can and do still return if immunization is dropped. These pathogens could possibly infect vaccinated people, due to the pathogen's ability to mutate when it is able to live in unvaccinated hosts. In 2010, California had the worst whooping cough outbreak in 50 years. A possible contributing factor was parents choosing not to vaccinate their", "id": "14116745" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\ncough\". In 2012 the AVN continued to target the McCafferys. AVN member and University of Wollongong researcher Judy Wilyman was published on AVN's website accusing the State Government of using the imagery of four-week-old Dana's death to push the vaccine stating it was the \"Government and the media who have been using the McCafferys to promote a vaccine\". She also questioned whether the McCafferys had been paid to promote the whooping cough vaccine. The McCaffery family vigorously denied these claims. In March 2016 Wilyman continued to", "id": "5812292" }, { "contents": "Casey James\n\n\npertussis (whooping cough) vaccine when he was an infant, and his family feared brain damage. According to his mother, however, she realized that he would be all right and was going to be musical when he started humming the theme song from M*A*S*H. James started playing the guitar at 13 and within a year was playing on stage. James has played acoustic sets with his mother, and blues with his older brother. He has also played with country and rock bands. At the age of 21, he was in", "id": "11228099" }, { "contents": "Leila Denmark\n\n\ntime to charity. By 1935, she was a listed staff member at the Presbyterian Church Baby Clinic in Atlanta, while serving at Grady and maintaining a private practice. She conducted research from the 1930s, and especially from 1933 to 1944 in the diagnosis, treatment, and immunization of whooping cough, then frequently fatal to children. Denmark is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine, with support from Eli Lilly and Company, and Emory University. For this, she was awarded the Fisher Prize", "id": "11608609" }, { "contents": "Microgen\n\n\ntherapeutic immunobiological preparations\". In 2006, Microgen started shipping its combined vaccines against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B, as well as against tetanus, diphtheria and hepatitis B (DTP-Hep B, Hepatitis-Td). In 2010, Microgen began production of an improved formula for dry live influenza vaccine \"Ultravak\". In 2011, the company received the first samples of bacteriophage preparation against the pathogen Acinetobacter, which is the causative agent of a large number of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections and", "id": "15168568" }, { "contents": "Agnes Ullmann\n\n\nrepression (catabolite modulator factor, or CMF). Ullmann subsequently dealt with the mode of action of the whooping cough pathogen and its toxin. She showed that the toxin increases the cAMP production in the host cell and thus disturbs their metabolism. The ability of the toxin to provide other molecules with access to the attacked host cell also helped her to develop vaccines by coupling the genetically engineered whooping cough toxin with antigenic fragments that were to be immunized against. In 2002 she received the Robert Koch Medal. She was an honorary member", "id": "10027615" }, { "contents": "Pertussis vaccine\n\n\nPertussis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against whooping cough (pertussis). There are two main types: whole-cell vaccines and acellular vaccines. The whole-cell vaccine is about 78% effective while the acellular vaccine is 71–85% effective. The effectiveness of the vaccines appears to decrease by between 2 and 10% per year after vaccination with a more rapid decrease with the acellular vaccines. Vaccinating the mother during pregnancy may protect the baby. The vaccine is estimated to have saved over 500,000 lives in 2002. The World", "id": "1754006" }, { "contents": "Judith Wilyman\n\n\nthe Australian Vaccination-Skeptics Network (AVSN), an anti-vaccination group, and coordinates two anti-vaccination groups; Vaccination Decisions and Vaccination Choice. In 2011 Wilyman opposed the HPV vaccination saying evidence about the vaccine's benefits were not clear, and it was reported that she claimed that vaccinations are linked to autism. In 2012 she caused controversy after the death of a child from whooping cough, questioning \"whether the family had been paid to use their daughter's death to promote vaccine\", causing the family of", "id": "16501059" }, { "contents": "Pentavalent vaccine\n\n\nA pentavalent vaccine, or 5-in-1 vaccine, is a combination vaccine with five individual vaccines conjugated into one, intended to actively protect people from multiple diseases. The most widely-used example is a vaccine that protects against \"Haemophilus influenzae\" type B (a bacterium that causes meningitis, pneumonia and otitis), whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B and diphtheria. The generic name for this vaccine is diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whole cell), hepatitis B (rDNA) and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine (absorbed", "id": "20928604" }, { "contents": "Vaccination schedule\n\n\nsome vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vacinnation is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding. In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines", "id": "12741784" }, { "contents": "Bordetella pertussis\n\n\nwere whole-cell vaccines, composed of chemically inactivated bacteria. They are being replaced by acellular vaccines, composed of purified surface antigens, mainly fimbriae, filamentous haemaglutinin, pertactin and pertussis toxin. It is part of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) immunization. Uncertainties of \"B. pertussis\" and whooping cough as a zoonotic disease have existed since around 1910, but in the 1930s, the bacteria were found to have lost their virulent power when repeatedly spread on agar media. This explained the difficulties in", "id": "2389744" }, { "contents": "DPT vaccine\n\n\n\"Haemophilus influenzae\" type B and hepatitis B. There is not yet sufficient evidence on how effective this pentavalent vaccine is compared to the individual vaccines. A 2019 study in the \"American Economic Journal\" found that state requirements mandating the use of the Tdap vaccine \"increased Tdap vaccine take-up and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence by about 32 percent.\" Guidelines on prenatal care in the United States state that, if an urgent need for tetanus protection occurs during pregnancy, Td vaccine should be administered. If no", "id": "17009657" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\n. The AVN's public campaign against the pertussis vaccine began with an article in the May 2009 issue of \"Living Wisdom\" written by Meryl Dorey, which questioned the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine and the dangers of whooping cough itself. Critics pointed out that Dorey's article contained numerous errors of fact and omission. While the article correctly stated that Sweden had previously withdrawn pertussis vaccination in 1979 due to research showing it was ineffective, she failed to reveal that the vaccine then used in Sweden was different to the effective vaccine", "id": "5812288" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\n. Pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing illness and are recommended for routine use by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The vaccine saved an estimated half a million lives in 2002. The multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccine is 71–85% effective, with greater effectiveness against more severe strains. However, despite widespread vaccination, pertussis has persisted in vaccinated populations and is today \"one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in Western countries\". The 21st-century resurgences in pertussis infections is attributed", "id": "7160315" }, { "contents": "Political positions of Hillary Clinton\n\n\nvaccine movement\" and the only candidate with views on vaccines that are consistent with the scientific consensus. During her campaign, Clinton has written: \"Through vaccinations and vaccine science, I am committed to protecting our nation's children, as well as populations worldwide, from infectious disease threats.\" Clinton has said that if elected president, she will work globally toward the elimination of vaccine-preventable infections such as measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria and domestically to \"educate parents about vaccines, focusing on their extraordinary track record", "id": "7977349" }, { "contents": "DPT vaccine\n\n\nDPT (also DTP and DTwP) is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis (wP). DTaP and Tdap refer to similar combination vaccines in which the component \"P\" or \"p\" with lower case \"a\" is acellular. Also available are the DT and Td vaccines, which lack the pertussis component. In the United Kingdom", "id": "17009649" }, { "contents": "Chronic cough\n\n\na persistent cough where no mucus is present, this can be a sign of an infection. A chronic wet cough is a cough where excess mucus is present and depending on the colour of the phlegm, bacterial infections may be present. A stress cough is when the airways of the throat are blocked to the point that causes a reflexive spasm. A whooping cough is when a ‘whooping’ sound is present, this is a normally an indication of infection. The prevalence of cough in many communities in Europe and USA is", "id": "13130938" }, { "contents": "Margaret Pittman\n\n\nDr. Margaret Jane Pittman (1901–1995) was a pioneering bacteriologist whose research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on typhoid, cholera, and pertussis (whooping cough) helped generate the development of vaccinations against these diseases as well as others. Dr. Pittman was also the first female to lead a NIH laboratory, when in 1957, she was appointed chief of their Laboratory of Bacterial Products, a position she held until 1971. In the 1960s she was a key NIH participant in developing standards for cholera vaccine in the Southeast", "id": "20419135" }, { "contents": "National Vaccine Information Center\n\n\n, \"DPT: A Shot in the Dark\", which asserted an association between the whole cell pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine in the DPT shot and autism. The CDC now recommends the newer acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP and Tdap), and whole cell pertussis vaccines are no longer used in the U.S. due to adverse effects unrelated to autism. In the early 1980s, the organization joined with the American Academy of Pediatrics to draft the original legislation for the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, which created a federal", "id": "15207714" }, { "contents": "Judith Wilyman\n\n\nat anti-vaccination events and for charging large sums for \"expert reports\" in court cases, despite having no medical qualifications. Judith Wilyman was awarded a Masters by University of Wollongong (UOW) in 2007 in the Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts; her thesis topic was the Australian government's pertussis vaccine policy. Her thesis alleges a connection between vaccinations and autism, a claim that was already convincingly refuted, and false claims that vaccines do not control whooping cough. By 2009, Wilyman was a member of", "id": "16501058" }, { "contents": "Pertussis vaccine\n\n\nvaccine was developed in 1926. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. A version that also includes tetanus, diphtheria, polio, and Hib vaccine is available wholesale in the developing world at a cost of 15.41 USD per dose as of 2014. Acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) with three or more antigens prevents around 85% of typical whooping cough cases in children. It has higher or similar efficacy to the previously-used whole cell", "id": "1754009" }, { "contents": "Northern Rivers Vaccination Supporters\n\n\nto make them think they don't have to vaccinate, or that it's scary, or anything like that.\" And \"I would request people check their source of information. Everyone's entitled to their own opinion, but not their own facts. And science is factual\" In response to her stance on vaccination, Gaylard has received hateful phone calls, much anti-vaccine material by post and has had her daughter approached by a stranger in a supermarket asking if Gaylard was her mother. Heidi Robertson contracted whooping cough", "id": "21979729" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\nrepeat that such child deaths are \"anecdotal\" and provoke the parents of the deceased children saying they are \"promoting the death of their child to whooping cough, and lobby groups ... have provided awards to these parents for their efforts [and] they receive financial rewards from pro-vaccine lobby groups for their efforts\". In September 2009, AVN campaigned against the swine flu vaccine, calling it \"madness\" to use a vaccine which they claimed was \"laden with toxic mercury.\" Dorey further argued that more testing", "id": "5812293" }, { "contents": "Rachel Schneerson\n\n\n. In countries where the vaccine is used, including the United States, Hib is no longer a cause of acquired intellectual disability. After the success of the Hib vaccine, Schneerson and Robbins continued their work on single antigens and conjugate vaccines. Their efforts led to the development and licensing of vaccines against pertussis (whooping cough), typhoid, Staphylococcus infections (pneumonia, aureus, and Group B), certain types of malaria, and anthrax. Additional information about their more recent research is available at http://2012annualreport.nichd.nih.gov/pdmi.html. Schneerson", "id": "9231581" }, { "contents": "Vaccine hesitancy\n\n\nvaricella vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccine are 23 times more likely to contract pertussis (whooping cough), nine times more likely to catch varicella (chickenpox), and six times more likely to be hospitalized with severe pneumonia from \"Streptococcus pneumoniae\" (pneumococcus). Multiple major medical societies including the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Medical Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics support the elimination of all nonmedical exemptions for childhood vaccines. Compulsory vaccination policies have been controversial as long as they have existed, with opponents of", "id": "17332128" }, { "contents": "Robert Sears (physician)\n\n\nunder-vaccination in the US child population, putting public health at risk. In 2014, Sears said that he thinks \"the disease danger is low enough where I think you can safely raise an unvaccinated child in today's society.\" Although he is characterized as an anti-vaccine doctor and a vaccine delayer, he does admit that vaccines work: \"Chicken pox, measles, whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, all these diseases that we no longer see very much of anymore, I do say that the vaccines", "id": "21895455" }, { "contents": "Tim Donnelly (politician)\n\n\nThe legislation retained the ability of parents to reject vaccination for their child on the basis of \"personal belief.\") Brown signed the bill into law, although he added a signing statement indication that parents \"whose religious beliefs preclude vaccination\" should not be unduly burdened. In 2015, after outbreaks of whooping cough and measles the previous year, Governor Brown signed into law SB 277, a mandatory vaccination law that eliminated the \"personal belief\" exemption from school vaccination requirements, leaving a physician-granted medical exemption as the", "id": "15477250" }, { "contents": "Vaccination policy\n\n\n. In Nigeria, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), was introduced in 1978 to provide free immunization against polio, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and yellow fever to Nigerian children less than 2 years old. This free immunization can be obtained at any primary health centre in the country. The vaccines are usually administered by a government health care worker. They also conduct routine vaccination visits in schools where all the children in a given school are vaccinated. Facing numerous minor polio epidemics, the Pakistani government", "id": "5063328" }, { "contents": "Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine\n\n\nnational centre for research on blood transfusion and the provision of blood products for clinical use. The institute took some time to settle after wartime upheaval. In 1952 Ashley Miles was appointed as director. The institute remained an important manufacturer of vaccines and antitoxins. It produced the 'triple vaccine' for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (commonly called whooping cough) and vaccines for cholera, typhoid, rabies vaccines and smallpox. It also produced antisera for diphtheria, tetanus, gas gangrene, rabies and scorpion venom. There were also further", "id": "5684697" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nthe disease worldwide. This is despite generally high coverage with the DTP and DTaP vaccines. Pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. About 90% of all cases occur in developing countries. Before vaccines, an average of 178,171 cases was reported in the U.S., with peaks reported every two to five years; more than 93% of reported cases occurred in children under 10 years of age. The actual incidence was likely much higher. After vaccinations were introduced in the 1940s, pertussis incidence fell", "id": "7160323" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nto be highly clustered. In some schools, more than three-fourths of parents filed for vaccination exemptions. The data suggest vaccine refusal based on nonmedical reasons and personal belief exacerbated the outbreak. Other factors included reduced duration of immunity following the acellular vaccine and, the fact that most vaccinated adults and older children had not received a booster shot. In April and May 2012 pertussis was declared to be at epidemic levels in Washington, with 3,308 cases. In December 2012 Vermont declared an epidemic of 522 cases. Wisconsin had the", "id": "7160326" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\n, break ribs, or become very tired from the effort. Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe. The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days. Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated, but symptoms are typically milder. Pertussis is caused by the bacterium \"Bordetella pertussis\". It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. People are infectious from the", "id": "7160302" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nand sneezes of an infected person. Uncertainties have existed of \"B. pertussis\" and whooping cough as a zoonotic disease since around 1910 but in the 1930s, knowledge was gained that the bacteria lost their virulent power when repeatedly spread on agar media. This explained the difficulties to reproduce results from different studies as the pre-inoculating handlings of the bacteria were not standardized among scientists. Today it is established that at least some primate species are highly susceptible to \"B. pertussis\" and develop clinical whooping cough in high incidence when exposed", "id": "7160309" }, { "contents": "Iris Paul\n\n\ndam allowed Paul to set up wells in more villages. Paul reached a turning point in her missionary career when she shifted her focus to making her work sustainable by improving the living and health conditions of the population through advocating the acceptance of Jesus. As part of this plan, her medical goals shifted from curing to preventing disease. Paul set up a team of people at EFICOR to vaccinate children against whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, and tetanus. The team vaccinated 8,640 children within 2 years, dropping the rate of polio", "id": "20393530" }, { "contents": "Pearl Dunlevy\n\n\nappointed by the minister to the national vaccination committee which held its last meeting in December 1978. During her role as senior assistant chief medical officer in the Dublin Health Authority infectious diseases gradually receded. One of the last major schemes in which she was involved was the rubella vaccination program beginning in 1971. Another was the combined diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. The trials for the combined vaccine has since gained notoriety due to the lack of consent obtained for children who took part in the trials and were in", "id": "16867696" }, { "contents": "Breastfeeding\n\n\nsome uptake of IgA, but this amount is relatively small. Maternal vaccinations while breastfeeding is safe for almost all vaccines. Additionally, the mother's immunity obtained by vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough and influenza can protect the baby from these diseases, and breastfeeding can reduce fever rate after infant immunization. However, smallpox and yellow fever vaccines increase the risk of infants developing vaccinia and encephalitis. Babies who receive no breast milk are almost six times more likely to die by the age of one month than those who are", "id": "9798099" }, { "contents": "Jenny McCarthy\n\n\ngoing to come on \"The View\" and preach. ... I will clarify my stance, which is still the same: That parents are in charge. Space it out, slow it down and do your homework. But I am not at all against vaccines. Jeffrey Kluger, senior writer at \"Time\", has criticized McCarthy several times. In an open letter article referring to their past conflicts, he chided her and did not accept her denials: Jenny, as outbreaks of measles, mumps and whooping cough continue", "id": "3120381" }, { "contents": "Bordetella pertussis\n\n\n, mild cough, and low-grade fever. The patient becomes most contagious during the catarrhal stage of infection, normally two weeks after the coughing begins. It may become airborne when the person coughs, sneezes, or laughs. The paroxysmal cough precedes a crowing inspiratory sound characteristic of pertussis. After a spell, the patient might make a “whooping” sound when breathing in, or may vomit. Adults have milder symptoms, such as prolonged coughing without the “whoop”. Infants less than six months also may not", "id": "2389742" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\neffective at preventing the disease, they have a limited impact on infection and transmission, meaning that vaccinated people could spread pertussis even though they may have only mild symptoms or none at all. Pertussis infection in these persons may be asymptomatic, or present as illness ranging from a mild cough to classic pertussis with persistent cough (i.e., lasting more than 7 days). Even though the disease may be milder in older persons, those who are infected may transmit the disease to other susceptible persons, including unimmunized or incompletely immunized infants", "id": "7160318" }, { "contents": "Healthcare in Denmark\n\n\nhas also had a decline in its suicide rate from 33.90 suicides per 100,000 people down to 10.60 suicides per 100,000 people. The National Childhood Vaccination Program in Denmark provides free vaccinations to children for many diseases including Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough. From 1980 to 2015, vaccination coverage for those diseases increased from 88% to 93% of the children in Denmark, and the nation has consistently maintained 90% coverage or more since 2010. Those aged 65+ also receive the influenza vaccine for free as well. Denmark also", "id": "6627196" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nthan three doses of vaccine. Infection induces incomplete natural immunity that wanes over time. A 2005 study said estimates of the duration of infection-acquired immunity range from 7 to 20 years and the different results could be the result of differences in levels of circulating \"B. pertussis\", surveillance systems, and case definitions used. The study said protective immunity after vaccination wanes after 4–12 years. One study suggested that the availability of vaccine exemptions increases the number of pertussis cases. Some studies have suggested that while acellular pertussis vaccines are", "id": "7160317" }, { "contents": "Leila Denmark\n\n\ndeath she was the 5th-oldest verified living person in the world and the 3rd-oldest verified living person in the United States. A pioneering female doctor, medical researcher, and an outspoken voice in the pediatric community, Denmark was one of the few supercentenarians in history to gain prominence in life for reasons other than longevity. She is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. She started treating children in 1928. By the time of her retirement, Denmark was treating grandchildren and great-", "id": "11608605" }, { "contents": "Alabama Department of Public Health\n\n\nchildren under the age of 19. Immunization to prevent polio, diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw), pertussis (whooping cough), measles, mumps, rubella (German measles), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type B), and Hepatitis B are provided by the county health departments. A certificate of immunizations, known as the “blue slip,” is required for entry into all day care centers, Head Start, and public and private schools through grade 12. Vaccinations for adults for measles, pneumonia, tetanus, flu", "id": "21791972" }, { "contents": "Tamas Bartfai\n\n\nBofors schnauzer\". It works by sucking air, without sand, into a chamber with crystals coated with antibodies to trinitrotoluene (TNT). This so-called artificial bloodhound is both more efficient and cheaper than training dogs. With Per Askelöf and Stefan B. Svenson, Bartfai created the first acellular pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine that is part of the current triple vaccine. Briefly, they cloned the pertussis toxin, mapped the antigenic epitopes using antibodies from individuals, who had the disease and or were vaccinated with the old whole", "id": "20414389" }, { "contents": "Australian Vaccination-risks Network\n\n\nolds was reportedly still the lowest in the country at 89.2%. The North Coast Assistant Public Health Director warned \"Pockets of unvaccinated people in the region was the cause for the rise and fall in whooping cough cases... because we do not have herd immunity to the illness on the Northern Rivers\". The Australian Vaccination-Skeptics Network believes that vaccines contain a variety of toxic ingredients that have no place in the human body. The group argues that these toxins can cause autism, ADHD, brain damage, and cancer,", "id": "5812259" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nWhooping cough, also known as pertussis or 100-day cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease. Initially, symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough. This is followed by weeks of severe coughing fits. Following a fit of coughing, a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in. The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks, hence the phrase \"100-day cough\". A person may cough so hard that they vomit", "id": "7160301" }, { "contents": "The Girl with the Whooping Cough\n\n\nThe Girl with the Whooping Cough is a play written by Stanislaus Stange in 1910. Adapted from a French farce, the show featured dialogue that was condemned as indecent by many contemporary reviewers. The play's appearance on Broadway was suppressed when New York City officials threatened not to renew the operating license of the theater. The story follows the misbehaviors of Regina (Valeska Suratt) as she passes whooping cough to the numerous men she kisses. In the final act, her amours land her in divorce court, where she performs a", "id": "18591792" }, { "contents": "Mission Indradhanush\n\n\ndiphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, measles, meningitis and Hepatitis B. In addition to these, vaccines for Japanese encephalitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B are also being provided in selected states. In 2016, four new additions have been made namely Rubella, Japanese Encephalitis, Injectable Polio Vaccine Bivalent and Rotavirus. In 2017, Pneumonia was added to the Mission by incorporating Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine under Universal Immunization Programme. To further intensify the immunization programme, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) on", "id": "15877532" }, { "contents": "Availability cascade\n\n\nthe UK and Ireland dropped sharply, which was followed by significantly increased incidence of measles and mumps, resulting in deaths and severe and permanent injuries. Reaction to vaccine controversies has contributed to a significant increase in preventable diseases including measles and pertussis (whooping cough), which in 2011 experienced its worst outbreak in 70 years as a result of reduced vaccination rates. Concerns about immunization safety often follow a pattern: some investigators suggest that a medical condition is an adverse effect of vaccination; a premature announcement is made of the alleged adverse", "id": "19056182" }, { "contents": "Waldorf education\n\n\ndiphtheria, and whooping cough were invented. After such vaccinations became widespread in Europe, Steiner opposed their use in several contexts, writing that vaccination could \"impede spiritual development\" and lead to a loss of “any urge for a spiritual life.\" Steiner also thought that these effects would carry over into subsequent reincarnations of the vaccinated person. Racist attitudes and behaviour have been reported in particular Waldorf schools, including teachers reportedly expressing a view that individuals reincarnate through various races. The BBC and the Independent have both reported that Steiner", "id": "21665124" }, { "contents": "Glutaraldehyde\n\n\nethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin. Another application for treatment of proteins with glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline. In a related application, glutaraldehyde is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming. As a medication it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet. For this purpose, a 10% w/w solution is used", "id": "17944281" }, { "contents": "Andrew Wakefield\n\n\n: ABC News Channel WWAY3 said: Paul Hébert, editor-in-chief of the \"Canadian Medical Association Journal\" (CMAJ) said: A profile in a \"New York Times Magazine\" article noted:Andrew Wakefield has become one of the most reviled doctors of his generation, blamed directly and indirectly, depending on the accuser, for irresponsibly starting a panic with tragic repercussions: vaccination rates so low that childhood diseases once all but eradicated here—whooping cough and measles, among them—have re-emerged,", "id": "1196322" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nof vaccine are often recommended for older children and adults. Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease. In those with the disease, antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms, but otherwise have little effect in most people. In pregnant women and children less than one year old, antibiotics are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset. Antibiotics used include erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Evidence to support interventions", "id": "7160304" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nor posttussive emesis, though, makes it almost half as likely. The illness usually starts with mild respiratory symptoms include mild coughing, sneezing, or a runny nose. This is known as the catarrhal stage. After one to two weeks, the coughing classically develops into uncontrollable fits, followed by a high-pitched \"whoop\" sound in younger children, or a gasping sound in older children, as the person tries to inhale (paroxysmal stage). This stage usually lasts two to eight weeks, or sometimes longer.", "id": "7160307" }, { "contents": "Steve Cannane\n\n\nfronted the ABC1 documentary series \"Whatever! The Science of Teenagers\" and published a book, \"First Tests: Great Australian Cricketers and the Backyards That Made Them. In July 2010, Cannane was appointed presenter of ABC News 24's \"The Drum\", a panel discussion program providing news and analysis on issues of the day. Also in July 2010, Cannane broke the story of harassment of the parents of a child who died of whooping cough by the anti-vaccination lobby, the Australian Vaccination Network (AVN)", "id": "16672221" }, { "contents": "Yemen\n\n\nAs of February 21, 2018, there have been 66 reported deaths from Diphtheria. UNICEF has made a huge effort in fighting the war against the Cholera Epidemic with major efforts of providing vaccines help immunize the Yemeni people. There have been 900,000 of suspected Cholera cases and can be treated. They've launched various campaigns to help combat sicknesses such as whooping cough, pneumonia, tetanus, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and meningitis, and they continue to send vaccines to the Yemeni people. As of December 4, 2018, the United", "id": "1910548" }, { "contents": "Vashon, Washington\n\n\nor \"Medical\". The divide between beliefs has caused many arguments and resentment, with at least two separate Facebook pages, one now marked private, to share information and discuss with one another. It was reported in 2015 that 23.1% of kindergartners in the Vashon Island School District legally opted out of vaccinations against diptheria and tetanus, whooping cough, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, varicella, and Hepatitus B. The number at the time was five times the state average. Due to expanded access to vaccines, media", "id": "20079630" }, { "contents": "National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program\n\n\nin 2007 the list included vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), measles, mumps, rubella (German measles), polio, hepatitis B, varicella (chicken pox), \"Haemophilus influenzae\" type b, rotavirus, and pneumonia. From 1988 until 8 January 2008, 5,263 claims relating to autism, and 2,865 non-autism claims, were made to the VICP. 925 of these claims, one autism-related (see previous rulings), were compensated, with 1,158 non-autism and", "id": "8451702" }, { "contents": "Universal Immunization Programme\n\n\nUniversal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985. It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005. The program now consists of vaccination for 12 diseases- tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, hepatitis B, diarrhoea, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia (Heamophilus Influenza Type B)and Pneumococcal diseases (Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Meningitis). Hepatitis B", "id": "21972013" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\ndramatically to approximately 1,000 by 1976. Incidence rates have increased since 1980. In 2015, rates in the United States were 20,762 people. Pertussis is the only vaccine-preventable disease that is associated with increasing deaths in the U.S. The number of deaths increased from four in 1996 to 17 in 2001, almost all of which were infants under one year. In Canada, the number of pertussis infections has varied between 2,000 and 10,000 reported cases each year over the last ten years, and it is the most common vaccine-preventable", "id": "7160324" }, { "contents": "Pertussis toxin\n\n\ninfant with whooping cough. They were also the first to cultivate \"Bordetella pertussis\" at the Pasteur Institute in Brussels in 1906. One difference between the different species of \"Bordetella\" is that \"B. pertussis\" produces PT and the other species do not. \"Bordetella parapertussis\" shows the most similarity to \"B. pertussis\" and was therefore used for research determining the role of PT in causing the typical symptoms of whooping cough. Rat studies showed the development of paroxysmal coughing, a characteristic for whooping cough, occurred in", "id": "4067537" }, { "contents": "Frederick J. Bancroft\n\n\nDenver between 1872 and 1878, during which time, the dry climate and a widespread vaccination campaign of Denver citizens significantly reduced the threat of smallpox in the 1870s. Because children were sent to school when they were ill, there was a problem with typhoid fever, whooping cough, and scarlet fever in the 1870s. Bancroft advocated fining parents who sent their sick children to school. He was one of two physicians on the staff of St. Vincent Hospital, which became Saint Joseph Hospital in 1876. From 1872 to 1876, he", "id": "16394197" }, { "contents": "Idwal Pugh\n\n\n-five officers were found to have been treated similarly and the Director of Public Prosecutions considered whether charges should be brought against the officials concerned. Such was the public outcry, the Secretary of State for Social Services David Ennals was forced to apologise and new rules were established that forbade civil servants from denying a claimant their entitlement when owed money by a government department. Jack Ashley MP referred a complaint to Pugh concerning the policy about whooping cough vaccination. It was complained that the Government had not made available to parents all the information", "id": "20579950" }, { "contents": "Donald Henderson\n\n\nof confirmed cases. WHO staff and advisors from some 73 countries worked closely with national staff. The last case occurred in Somalia on October 26, 1977, only 10 years after the program began. Three years later, the World Health Assembly recommended that smallpox vaccination could cease. Smallpox is the first human disease ever to be eradicated. This success gave impetus to WHO's global Expanded Program on Immunization, which targeted other vaccine-preventable diseases, including poliomyelitis, measles, tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. Now targeted", "id": "17247427" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\n. In infants who develop encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and cortical atrophy occur, likely due to hypoxia. A physician's overall impression is most effective in initially making the diagnosis. Single factors are much less useful. In adults with a cough of less than 8 weeks, vomiting after coughing or a \"whoop\" is supportive. If there are not bouts of coughing or there is a fever the diagnosis is unlikely. In children who have a cough of less than 4 weeks vomiting after coughing is somewhat supportive but not definitive.", "id": "7160312" }, { "contents": "Bordetella pertussis\n\n\nkits use a combination of antigens which lead to a higher sensitivity, but might also make the interpretation of the results harder, since one cannot know which antibody has been detected. The organism is oxidase positive, but urease, nitrate reductase, and citrate negative. It is also not motile. Whooping cough is treated by macrolides, for example erythromycin. The therapy is most effective when started during the incubation period or the catarrhal period. When applied during the paroxysmal cough phase, the time of reconvalescence is not affected,", "id": "2389747" }, { "contents": "Unethical human experimentation in the United States\n\n\nCIA nine days prior. \"The San Francisco Chronicle\", December 17, 1979, p. 5 reported a claim by the Church of Scientology that the CIA conducted an open-air biological warfare experiment in 1955 near Tampa, Florida and elsewhere in Florida with whooping cough bacteria. It was alleged that the experiment tripled the whooping cough infections in Florida to over one-thousand cases and caused whooping cough deaths in the state to increase from one to 12 over the previous year. This claim has been cited in a number of", "id": "10959719" }, { "contents": "Homeopathy Plus!\n\n\nand although this was stated to have resulted in their removal, legal proceedings continued, culminating in a ruling by Justice Perry of the Federal Court of Australia in December 2014 that: The Federal judge concluded that: \"there is no reasonable basis, in the sense of an adequate foundation, in medical science to enable the First Respondent and the Second Respondent to state that Homeopathic Treatments are safe and effective as an alternative to the Vaccine for the Prevention of Whooping Cough\". Sheffield was also the originator of a controversial change.org petition", "id": "15324420" }, { "contents": "Drosera\n\n\nin cough preparations in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Sundew tea was especially recommended by herbalists for dry coughs, bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma and \"bronchial cramps\". A modern study has shown that \"Drosera\" exhibits antitussive properties. Culbreth's 1927 \"Materia Medica\" listed \"D. rotundifolia\", \"D. anglica\" and \"D.linearis\" as being used as stimulants and expectorants, and \"of doubtful efficacy\" for treating bronchitis, whooping cough, and tuberculosis. Sundews have also been used as an aphrodisiac and", "id": "16757709" }, { "contents": "Homeopathy Plus!\n\n\nHomeopathy Plus! is an Australian company run by homeopath Fran Sheffield in Tuggerah, New South Wales. It is known for the claim that homeopathy is an effective, and safer, alternative to vaccination for conditions including whooping cough, along with claims that homeopathy is superior to chemotherapy for cancer. The claims for \"homeoprophylaxis\" were assessed as misleading by the Complaints Resolution Panel of the Therapeutic Goods Administration and a retraction demanded; this was ignored. The prophylaxis claims were referred to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC),", "id": "15324419" }, { "contents": "Pierre-André Kombila\n\n\nthat an insufficient and declining rate of child vaccination in Gabon was leading to worrying increases in the prevalence of measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and neo-natal tetanus. Speaking in early 2004, he criticized traditional healers for spreading harmful, unscientific ideas, such as the notion that AIDS could be cured by having sex with a virgin. Prior to the November 2005 presidential election, Kombila was President of the Medical Commission for the presidential candidates; in that capacity, he was charged with evaluating the health of the candidates and", "id": "22064462" }, { "contents": "Generation Rescue\n\n\nautism: \"To our community, Andrew Wakefield is Nelson Mandela and Jesus Christ rolled up into one. He’s a symbol of how all of us feel.\" However, Wakefield's work has been characterized as \"an elaborate fraud\", and parental fears over vaccines sparked by the controversy, and by continued advocacy of the disproven theory by groups such as Generation Rescue despite, have led, in turn, to decreased immunization rates and an increased incidence of whooping cough and measles, a highly contagious and sometimes deadly disease", "id": "14107639" }, { "contents": "Pearl Kendrick\n\n\nseemed to have no protection effect. At that time Kendrick, along with others, was invited to be a member of Whooping Cough Immunization Committee of the Medical Research Council of Great Britain to help them with vaccine development method. In 1951, Kendrick retired from the Michigan Department of Public Health. After retiring, she became a faculty member at the University of Michigan's Department of Epidemiology. She retired, from the University, in 1960. Kendrick served as president of the Michigan American Society for Microbiology. She died on October", "id": "1419694" }, { "contents": "Rachael Dunlop\n\n\nBent Spoon Award, which is \"presented to the perpetrator of the most preposterous piece of paranormal or pseudoscientific piffle\". Dorey quickly responded with a media release sarcastically \"accepting\" the award. After the highly publicised 2009 death of four-week-old Dana McCaffery from whooping cough—a vaccine-preventable disease—AVN's Dorey claimed in a televised interview that the girl's death was unrelated to the disease. This inspired Dunlop and other skeptics to create a \"Stop the AVN\" Facebook group to advocate against the", "id": "22136760" }, { "contents": "Louis W. Sauer\n\n\nLouis Wendlin Sauer (1885-1980) was a pediatrician who became known for perfecting the vaccine used to prevent \"pertussis\" (whooping cough), saving countless lives around the world. Sauer was born in Cincinnati, met his wife Mira while he was in Germany as he was a medical student, and established a practice at Evanston Hospital, in Evanston, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. He earned an MD in Berlin and his PhD at the University of Chicago. He was a founder of The Cradle (adoption", "id": "3174806" }, { "contents": "Timothy Britten\n\n\nJuly 2016 Britten was appointed as a Trustee of the ANZAC Day Trust in Western Australia. In December 2016 it was announced that Britten was an Ambassador for Blue HOPE, an organisation dedicated to preventing and raising awareness of Police suicide. In September 2018 it was announced that Britten was an Ambassador for the Immunisation Foundation of Australia. Britten is a strong advocate for vaccination after contracting pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, in 2011. Britten is also the holder of the Police Overseas Service Medal, with East Timor clasp, the", "id": "3880178" }, { "contents": "Healthcare in Finland\n\n\nprogram for young children is also very inclusive, as 99% of children under 2 years of age are vaccinated against whooping cough (pertussis) and measles. Lower fertility rates and an aging population, due to increased life-expectancy, brings new challenges to the Finnish health care system. As there will be fewer people to pay for health and social care, many of the aging population can be predicted to be affected. It is estimated that the old age dependency ratio in Finland will be the highest of all EU countries", "id": "6807959" }, { "contents": "Whooping cough\n\n\nto determine whether antibody against pertussis toxin or another virulence factor of \"B. pertussis\" is present at high levels in the blood of the person. A similar, milder disease is caused by \"B. parapertussis\". The primary method of prevention for pertussis is vaccination. Evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in those who have been exposed, but are without symptoms. Preventive antibiotics, however, are still frequently used in those who have been exposed and are at high risk of severe disease (such as infants)", "id": "7160314" }, { "contents": "Loney Gordon\n\n\nLoney Gordon for the contribution that she has made to the health of the citizens of our State, our nation, and the world through her work in the development of a vaccine against whooping cough...\" Gordon was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2000. Gordon worked for the Michigan Department of Health beginning in around 1956 and retiring in 1978. After World War II, Gordon was selected to travel to Europe and the Middle East with the National Council of Christian and Jews to “take the pulse of", "id": "8093475" } ]

[ { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nThe Sistine Chapel ceiling (), painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many other important services. The ceiling's various painted elements form part of a larger scheme of decoration within the Chapel,", "id": "19259008" }, { "contents": "Renaissance art\n\n\n, in neither his painting nor his sculpture demonstrates any interest in the observation of any natural object except the human body. He perfected his technique in depicting it, while in his early twenties, by the creation of the enormous marble statue of \"David\" and the group \"the Pieta\", in St Peter's Basilica, Rome. He then set about an exploration of the expressive possibilities of the human anatomy. His commission by Pope Julius II to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling resulted in the supreme masterpiece of figurative composition", "id": "11807587" }, { "contents": "Chigi Chapel\n\n\nExpulsion from Paradise\". The paintings show the strong influence of the sculptural style of Michelangelo's famous Genesis-cycle on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The scenes are not in strictly chronological order. The first five are the same as the parallel Genesis paintings in the Sistine Chapel but the sixth fresco adds a new subject, the creation of the fishes, birds and wild animals. The sixth scene of the Sistine ceiling is separated into two individual paintings on the drum of the Chigi Chapel. Salviati's cycle ends here", "id": "4708382" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nAdam\" show \"... unprecedented invention\". The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was to have a profound effect upon other artists, even before it was completed. Vasari, in his Life of Raphael, tells us that Bramante, who had the keys to the chapel, let Raphael in to examine the paintings in Michelangelo's absence. On seeing Michelangelo's prophets, Raphael went back to the picture of the Prophet Isaiah that he was painting on a column in the Church of Sant'Agostino and, according to Vasari, although it", "id": "19259092" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nsymbolism to display his temporal power, such as his procession, in the Classical manner, through a triumphal arch in a chariot after one of his many military victories. It was Julius who began the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in 1506, as the most potent symbol of the source of papal power. In the same year (1506), Pope Julius conceived a program to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The walls of the chapel had been decorated twenty years earlier. The lowest of three levels is painted", "id": "19259011" }, { "contents": "Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nThe Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is one of the most renowned artworks of the High Renaissance. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which \"The Creation of Adam\" is the best known, the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations. The complex design includes several sets of individual figures, both clothed and nude, which allowed Michelangelo to fully demonstrate his skill in creating a huge variety of poses for the human figure, and have", "id": "18044465" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\nof the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and \"The Last Judgment\" by Michelangelo. During the reign of Sixtus IV, a team of Renaissance painters that included Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, created a series of frescos depicting the \"Life of Moses\" and the \"Life of Christ\", offset by papal portraits above and \"trompe-l'œil\" drapery below. These paintings were completed in 1482, and on", "id": "1392603" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nMichelangelo between 1508 and 1512 and by the painting of the \"Last Judgment\", commissioned by Pope Clement VII and completed in 1541, again by Michelangelo. The tapestries on the lowest tier, today best known from the Raphael Cartoons (painted designs) of 1515–16, completed the ensemble. Together the paintings make up the greatest pictorial scheme of the Renaissance. Individually, some of Michelangelo's paintings on the ceiling are among the most notable works of western art ever created. The frescoes of the Sistine Chapel and in particular the", "id": "5707366" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nto greatness. However, a number of critics were angered by their presence and nudity, including Pope Adrian VI who wanted the ceiling stripped. Michelangelo was the artistic heir to the great 15th-century sculptors and painters of Florence. He learned his trade first under the direction of a masterly fresco painter, Domenico Ghirlandaio, known for two great fresco cycles in the Sassetti Chapel and Tornabuoni Chapel, and for his contribution to the cycle of paintings on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. As a student Michelangelo studied and drew from", "id": "19259089" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nThe conservation-restoration of the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel was one of the most significant conservation-restorations of the 20th century. The Sistine Chapel was built by Pope Sixtus IV within the Vatican immediately to the north of St. Peter's Basilica and completed in about 1481. Its walls were decorated by a number of Renaissance painters who were among the most highly regarded artists of late 15th century Italy, including Ghirlandaio, Perugino, and Botticelli. The Chapel was further enhanced under Pope Julius II by the painting of the ceiling by", "id": "5707365" }, { "contents": "Pinturicchio\n\n\npainting backgrounds or accessories. His assignment in Rome, to decorate the Sistine Chapel, was an experience fraught with learning from prominent artists of the time, including: Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Pietro Vanucci, and Luca Signorelli. The Sistine Chapel was also where it is believed that Pinturicchio was collaborating with Perugino to some extent. After assisting Perugino in his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Pinturicchio was employed by various members of the Della Rovere family to decorate the Semi-Gods Ceiling of Palazzo dei Penitenzieri and also a series", "id": "16115193" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\nthere was an ornate door of gilded wrought iron. The sculptors of the \"transenna\" also provided the \"cantoria\" or projecting choir gallery. The first stage in the decoration of the Sistine Chapel was the painting of the ceiling in blue, studded with gilt stars, and with decorative borders around the architectural details of the pendentives. This was entirely replaced when Michelangelo came to work on the ceiling in 1508. Of the present scheme of frescos, the earliest part is that of the side walls. They are divided into", "id": "1392621" }, { "contents": "Separation of Light from Darkness\n\n\nthe first chapter of the Book of Genesis: Although in terms of the Genesis chronology it is the first of nine central panels along the Sistine ceiling, the \"Separation of Light from Darkness\" was the last of the nine panels painted by Michelangelo. Michelangelo painted the Sistine ceiling in two stages. Between May 1508 and the summer of 1511, he completed the \"entrance half\" of the Sistine chapel and ended this stage by painting the \"Creation of Eve\" and the scenes flanking this central panel. After an idle", "id": "20693475" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nniches with representations of the first 32 popes. A draft by Pier Matteo d'Amelia indicates that the ceiling was painted blue like that of the Arena Chapel and decorated with gold stars, possibly representing the zodiacal constellations. It is probable that, because the chapel was the site of regular meetings and Masses of an elite body of officials known as the Papal Chapel (who would observe the decorations and interpret their theological and temporal significance), it was Pope Julius' intention and expectation that the iconography of the ceiling was to be read", "id": "19259013" }, { "contents": "Tourism in Vatican City\n\n\n's Basilica and the Apostolic Palace. The Sistine Chapel is home to many pieces of art including statues, tapestries, and paintings by Michelangelo Buonarroti. One of the most famous attractions is the ceiling painting of Creation of Adam, along with the rest of the ceiling done by Michelangelo between the years of 1508 and 1512, as well as \"The Last Judgment\" behind the altar, which he completed between 1536 and 1541. No picture taking is allowed inside of the Sistine Chapel, but online the Vatican offers a 3D model", "id": "5036967" }, { "contents": "Visual arts\n\n\nlate 16th century to the late 17th century. Main artists of the Baroque included Caravaggio, who made heavy use of tenebrism. Peter Paul Rubens was a flemish painter who studied in Italy, worked for local churches in Antwerp and also painted a series for Marie de' Medici. Annibale Carracci took influences from the Sistine Chapel and created the genre of illusionistic ceiling painting. Much of the development that happened in the Baroque was because of the Protestant Reformation and the resulting Counter Reformation. Much of what defines the Baroque is dramatic lighting", "id": "5798371" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nwas employed on a fresco cycle at Santa Maria Novella and whose work was represented on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. At the outset, the plaster, \"intonaco\", began to grow mold because it was too wet. Michelangelo had to remove it and start again. He then tried a new formula created by one of his assistants, Jacopo l'Indaco, which resisted mold and entered the Italian building and fresco tradition. Because he was painting \"fresco\", the plaster was laid in a new section every day,", "id": "19259020" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\n, to whose Assumption the chapel was dedicated in 1483. The crown of the wall then rises above the spandrels, to a strongly projecting painted cornice that runs right around the ceiling, separating the pictorial areas of the biblical scenes from the figures of Prophets, Sibyls, and Ancestors, who literally and figuratively support the narratives. Ten broad painted crossribs of travertine cross the ceiling and divide it into alternately wide and narrow pictorial spaces, a grid that gives all the figures their defined place. A great number of small figures are", "id": "19259040" }, { "contents": "Florentine painting\n\n\nstudents. In 1508 Pope Julius II succeeded in getting the sculptor Michelangelo to agree to continue the decorative scheme of the Sistine Chapel. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was constructed in such a way that there were twelve sloping pendentives supporting the vault that formed ideal surfaces on which to paint the Twelve Apostles. Michelangelo, who had yielded to the Pope's demands with little grace, soon devised an entirely different scheme, far more complex both in design and in iconography. The scale of the work, which he executed single handed except for", "id": "13838412" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nrealised the true intentions of the artist. This is the subject of continuing debate. The frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel had a number of interventions prior to the restoration process which was started in 1980. Initial problems with the ceiling appear to have been caused by water penetrating through the floor above. In about 1547 Paolo Giovio wrote that the ceiling was being damaged by saltpetre and cracks. The effect of saltpetre is to leave a white efflorescence. Gianluigi Colalucci, Head Restorer at the Laboratory for the Restoration of Paintings", "id": "5707368" }, { "contents": "Giuliano Bugiardini\n\n\npainter’s guild, where he met Mariotto Albertinelli, an association that continued until 1509, when Albertinelli moved to the studio of Fra Bartolomeo. He completed certain works left unfinished by Fra Bartolomeo when he died. Some years later in Rome, while at work on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo sought Giuliano Bugiardini's services but later rejected them. Vasari mentioned Bugiardini assisted Michelangelo very briefly in 1508 with the painting of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He painted a \"Martyrdom of St Catherine\" for Santa Maria", "id": "13617604" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\n15 August 1483 Sixtus IV celebrated the first mass in the Sistine Chapel for the Feast of the Assumption, at which ceremony the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Between 1508 and 1512, under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted the chapel's ceiling, a project which changed the course of Western art and is regarded as one of the major artistic accomplishments of human civilization. In a different climate, after the Sack of Rome, he returned and, between 1535 and 1541, painted \"The", "id": "1392604" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nof the ceiling and have questioned whether or not it was entirely devised by the artist himself, who was both an avid reader of the Bible and a genius. Also of interest to some modern scholars is the question of how Michelangelo's own spiritual and psychological state is reflected in the iconography and the expression of the ceiling. One such speculation is that Michelangelo was tormented by conflict between his homosexuality and \"his profound, almost mystical Catholicism.\" The Sistine Chapel is 40.9 metres long and 14 metres wide. The ceiling rises", "id": "19259036" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nthan the later panels. This is partly because of the subject matter, which deals with the fate of Humanity, but also because Michelangelo underestimated the ceiling's scale. Also painted in the early stages was the \"Slaying of Goliath\". After painting the \"Creation of Eve\" adjacent to the marble screen which divided the chapel, Michelangelo paused in his work to move the scaffolding to the other side. After having seen his completed work so far, he returned to work with the \"Temptation and Fall\", followed", "id": "19259024" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\ncomplained to the Pope, the pontiff responded that his jurisdiction did not extend to hell, so the portrait would have to remain. Michelangelo also painted his own portrait, on the flayed skin held by St Bartholomew. The genitalia in the fresco were later covered by the artist Daniele da Volterra, whom history remembers by the derogatory nickname \"Il Braghettone\" (\"the breeches-painter\"). The Sistine Chapel's ceiling restoration began on 7 November 1984. The restoration complete, the chapel was re-opened to the", "id": "1392638" }, { "contents": "Angelo Caroselli\n\n\nhis works are a \"Pieta\" and \"Prophets\" in the ceiling of a chapel to the right of the entrance of Santa Maria in Vallicella. He also painted three canvases for the chapel to the left of the entrance of Santa Maria Nuova in Campo Vaccino, including \"Martyrdom of St. Placidus\" and \"St. Gregory celebrating Mass before the people\" . In the church of San Gregorio Magno, he painted a canvas on the Massacre of Saints and Martyrs in Japan. He painted a \"St. Wenceslaus\" in the", "id": "20428989" }, { "contents": "Painted ceiling\n\n\nA painted ceiling is a ceiling covered with an artistic mural or painting. They are usually decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments. While hard to execute (at least in situ) a decorated ceiling has the advantage that it is largely protected from damage by fingers and dust. In the past, however, this was more than compensated for by the damage from smoke from candles or a fireplace. Many historic buildings have celebrated ceilings, perhaps the most famous in the world is the Sistine Chapel ceiling by", "id": "2011813" }, { "contents": "Poor Man's Bible\n\n\nItaly, one painted by Giusto de Menabuoi in the Baptistery of the Cathedral of Padua in the 14th Century and another of about the same date by Bartolo di Fredi in the Collegiate Church in San Gimignano. There are some surviving schemes in stained glass, including that in the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. By far the best known of such schemes are the one painted by Michelangelo on the Sistine Chapel ceiling and that created in bronze for the doors of the Baptistery of Florence by Lorenzo Ghiberti, the so-called \"Gates", "id": "16295191" }, { "contents": "Prophet Daniel (Michelangelo)\n\n\nThe Prophet Daniel is one of the seven Old Testament prophet's painted by the Italian High Renaissance master Michelangelo (c. 1542–1545) on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The Sistine Chapel is in Vatican Palace, in the Vatican City. This particular fresco figure is painted second on the right from the side of the High Altar. Unlike many other paintings of the period, this portrayal makes no reference to the most famous event from Daniel's life, that is his time in the den of the lions. Instead, Michelangelo shows Daniel", "id": "3694923" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nwhich the crowded compositions gave full rein to his inventiveness in painting contorted and foreshortened figures expressing despair or jubilation. Among the artists in whose work can be seen the direct influence of Michelangelo are Pontormo, Andrea del Sarto, Correggio, Tintoretto, Annibale Carracci, Paolo Veronese and El Greco. In January 2007, it was claimed that as many as 10,000 visitors passed through the Vatican Museums in a day and that the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is the biggest attraction. The Vatican, anxious at the possibility that the newly restored", "id": "19259095" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nto 13.4 metres above the main floor of the chapel. The vault is of quite a complex design and it is unlikely that it was originally intended to have such elaborate decoration. Pier Matteo d'Amelia provided a plan for its decoration with the architectural elements picked out and the ceiling painted blue and dotted with gold stars, similar to that of the Arena Chapel decorated by Giotto at Padua. The chapel walls have three horizontal tiers with six windows in the upper tier down each side. There were also two windows at each end,", "id": "19259037" }, { "contents": "Santa Monica Parish Church (Angat)\n\n\nthe ceiling paintings of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, Rome. History of Christianity in the Philippines and culture of Angat, Bulacan such as \"simbang gabi\", \"Flores de Mayo\", \"prusisyon ng Santissimo Sakramento\", and \"fiesta\" were also incorporated within the ceiling paintings. The ceiling paintings were started by G. Rene Robles in 1998 and finished by G. Jess Robles in 2002, in accordance with the order of Fr. Memeng. Several interventions were conducted under the administration of Rev. Msgr. Angel Santiago", "id": "5968126" }, { "contents": "Art patronage of Julius II\n\n\nPope Julius II (reigned 1503–1513), commissioned a series of highly influential art and architecture projects in Rome. The painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo and various rooms in the Vatican by Raphael are considered among the masterworks that mark the High Renaissance in Rome. His decision to rebuild St Peters led to the construction of the massive basilica we see now. Julius died in 1513, and except for the Sistine Chapel ceiling, which he lived to see finished, his very largest commissions were finished after his death. The", "id": "17521958" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nassert that much original work by Michelangelo—in particular pentimenti, highlights and shadows, and other detailing painted \"a secco\"—was lost in the removal of various accretions. The restoration of the wall frescoes by Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Perugino and others was unveiled on 11 December 1999. The restoration team consisted of Gianluigi Colalucci, Maurizio Rossi, Piergiorgio Bonetti, Bruno Baratti and others. Vasari Johann Wolfgang Goethe Waldemar Januszczak The art critic and television producer Waldemar Januszczak wrote that when the Sistine Chapel ceiling was recently cleaned, he \"was", "id": "19259098" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\nAfter treatment, only that which was painted \"buon fresco\" would remain. The only reproduction of the Sistine Chapel ceiling was painted by Gary Bevans at a church in Goring-by-Sea, West Sussex, England. A full-size architectural and photographic replica of the entire building was commissioned by the Mexican Government and funded by private donors. It was on view at Mexico City from 1 June to 15 July 2016; it may then be exhibited at other Mexican cities and possibly elsewhere in the world. It took", "id": "1392642" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\n, of all the paintings in the Sistine Chapel, the lunettes and spandrels were the dirtiest. Added to this, there has always been a problem of poor daytime visibility of the panels nearest the windows because of \"halination\". Consequently, they were the least well known of all Michelangelo's publicly accessible works. The recent restoration has made these masterly studies of human nature and inventive depiction of the human form known once more. Section References The \"Ignudi\" are the 20 athletic, nude males that Michelangelo painted as supporting", "id": "19259084" }, { "contents": "Prophet Jeremiah (Michelangelo)\n\n\nThe Prophet Jeremiah is one of the seven Old Testament prophets painted by the Italian High Renaissance master Michelangelo (c. 1510-12) on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The Sistine Chapel is in Vatican Palace, in the Vatican City. This particular fresco is the first one on the left from the side of the High Altar. The person of Jeremiah is imagined as lost in anguished meditation. Although the painting portrays Jeremiah as lamenting over the Destruction of Jerusalem, critics have interpreted the figure as a self-portrait by Michelangelo,", "id": "3694888" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nan arched shape, referred to as a lunette and above eight of the lunettes at the sides of the chapel are triangular \"spandrels\" filling the spaces between the side pendentives and the vault, the other eight lunettes each being below one of the corner pendentives. Michelangelo was commissioned to paint these areas as part of the work on the ceiling. The structures form visual bridges between the walls and the ceiling, and the figures which are painted on them are midway in size (approximately 2 metres high) between the very large", "id": "19259076" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nmost Mannerist of Michelangelo's earlier compositions at the Sistine Chapel, picking up the theme of human distress begun in the \"Great Flood\" scene and carrying it forward into the torment of lost souls in the \"Last Judgement\", which was later painted below. Between the large pendentives that support the vault are windows, six on each side of the chapel. There were two more windows in each end of the chapel, now closed, and those above the High Altar covered by the Last Judgement. Above each window is", "id": "19259075" }, { "contents": "Arts in Rome\n\n\nthe world. The city hosted artists like Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli and Bramante, who built the temple of San Pietro in Montorio and planned a great project to renovate the Vatican. Raphael, who in Rome became one of the most famous painters of Italy creating frescos in the Cappella Niccolina, the Villa Farnesina, the Raphael's Rooms, plus many other famous paintings. Michelangelo started the decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and executed the famous statue of the Moses for the tomb of Julius. Rome lost in part", "id": "3840865" }, { "contents": "Rome\n\n\nPerugino, Botticelli and Bramante, who built the temple of San Pietro in Montorio and planned a great project to renovate the Vatican. Raphael, who in Rome became one of the most famous painters of Italy, created frescoes in the Villa Farnesina, the Raphael's Rooms, plus many other famous paintings. Michelangelo started the decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and executed the famous statue of the Moses for the tomb of Julius II. Rome lost in part its religious character, becoming increasingly a true Renaissance city, with", "id": "5934388" }, { "contents": "Prophet Isaiah (Michelangelo)\n\n\nThe Prophet Isaiah is one of the seven Old Testament prophets painted by the Italian High Renaissance master Michelangelo (c. 1511) on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The Sistine Chapel is in Vatican Palace, in the Vatican City. Elements of this fresco have inspired various artists, including Caravaggio and Norman Rockwell in his famous Rosie the Riveter illustration. This particular fresco figure is painted fourth on the right from the side of the High Altar. Michelangelo's imagining bursts with movement, as Isaiah's cloak swirls around him. The colors in", "id": "3694943" }, { "contents": "Baroque\n\n\nthose below of looking up at heaven. Another feature of baroque churches are the \"quadratura\"; trompe-l'œil paintings on the ceiling in stucco frames, either real or painted, crowded with paintings of saints and angels and connected by architectural details with the balustrades and consoles. \"Quadratura\" paintings of Atlantes below the cornices appear to be supporting the ceiling of the church. Unlike the painted ceilings of Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel, which combined different scenes, each with its own perspective, to be looked at one at", "id": "3495161" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nIt is this technique that Michelangelo has picked up on and carried a step further, inspired also perhaps by the medallions that appear on a Roman triumphal arch in Botticelli's episode from the Life of Moses, showing the \"Punishment of the Rebels\". The medallions represent: Section references On the five pendentives along each side and the two at either end, Michelangelo painted the largest figures on the ceiling: twelve people who prophesied or represented some aspect of the Coming of Christ. Of those twelve, seven were Prophets of Israel", "id": "19259058" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nday, the time and the seasons of the year. According to Genesis, on the \"Fifth Day\", God created the birds of the air and fish and creatures of the deep, but we are not shown this. Neither do we see God's creation of the creatures of the earth on the \"Sixth Day\". These three scenes, completed in the third stage of painting, are the most broadly conceived, the most broadly painted and the most dynamic of all the pictures. Of the first scene Vasari", "id": "19259047" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nstrictly chronological order. If they are perceived as three groups, then the pictures in each of the three units inform upon each other, in the same way as was usual in Medieval paintings and stained glass. The three sections of Creation, Downfall, and Fate of Humanity appear in reverse order, when read from the entrance of the chapel. However, each individual scene is painted to be viewed when looking toward the altar. This is not easily apparent when viewing a reproduced image of the ceiling but becomes clear when the", "id": "19259044" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nforeshortening, the dynamic motion, the luminous colouration, the haunting expressions of the figures in the lunettes, the abundance of putti. Gabriele Bartz and Eberhard König have said of the \"Ignudi\", \"There is no image that has had a more lasting effect on following generations than this. Henceforth similar figures disported themselves in innumerable decorative works, be they painted, formed in stucco or even sculpted.\" Within Michelangelo's own work, the chapel ceiling led to the later and more Mannerist painting of the Last Judgement in", "id": "19259094" }, { "contents": "Michelangelo\n\n\ntwisting motion present in the \"Bruges Madonna\" is accentuated in the painting. The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The kneeling angel is an early work, one of several that Michelangelo created as part of a large decorative scheme for the Arca di San Domenico in the church dedicated to that saint in Bologna. Several other artists had worked on the scheme, beginning with Nicola Pisano in the 13th century. In the late 15th century, the project", "id": "945838" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\npublic on 8 April 1994. The part of the restoration in the Sistine Chapel that has caused the most concern is the ceiling, painted by Michelangelo. The emergence of the brightly coloured Ancestors of Christ from the gloom sparked a reaction of fear that the processes being employed in the cleaning were too severe and removed the original intent of the artist. The problem lies in the analysis and understanding of the techniques utilised by Michelangelo, and the technical response of the restorers to that understanding. A close examination of the frescoes of the", "id": "1392639" }, { "contents": "Michelangelo\n\n\nopinion of painting, he also created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and \"The Last Judgment\" on its altar wall. His design of the Laurentian Library pioneered Mannerist architecture. At the age of 74, he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. He transformed the plan so that the western end was finished to his design, as was the dome, with some modification", "id": "945791" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel\n\n\nthe lower level of the windows is a \"Gallery of Popes\" painted at the same time as the \"Lives\". Around the arched tops of the windows are areas known as the \"lunettes\" which contain the \"Ancestors of Christ\", painted by Michelangelo as part of the scheme for the ceiling. The ceiling was commissioned by Pope Julius II and painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512. The commission was originally to paint the twelve apostles on the triangular pendentives which support the vault; however, Michelangelo demanded a", "id": "1392624" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nthe little figure in green and white who once looked out of the gloom above the lunette of Jesse. Arguimbau says: Richard Serrin, in an essay entitled \"Lies and Misdemeanors: Gianluigi Colalucci's Sistine Chapel Revisited\" says: Carlo Pietrangeli, former Director General of the Vatican Museums, writes of the restoration: \"It is like opening a window in a dark room and seeing it flooded with light.\" His words resonate with those of Giorgio Vasari who, in the 16th century, said of the Sistine Chapel ceiling", "id": "5707416" }, { "contents": "Melanie Stimmell\n\n\nLondon, Ontario, Canada, recreated the central ceiling of the Sistine Chapel at 18 x 92 feet. Stimmell also worked as a featured artist on the 2002 San Rafael Sistine Chapel Project. Since then, Stimmell has secured her Maestro status in Europe with her second win in the Netherlands and the highest honor a street painter is bestowed, Italy's Maestro Gold Medal in Grazie di Curtatone. Stimmell is also a fine artist creating works in soft pastels and oils that she shows in Southern California galleries under her married name, Melanie", "id": "12651630" }, { "contents": "Italian Renaissance painting\n\n\nof the group and the calculated effects of dynamism and tension in the composition made it a model that inspired Classicists and the Mannerists in equal measure. Apart from the direct impact of the works themselves, Leonardo's studies of light, anatomy, landscape, and human expression were disseminated in part through his generosity to a retinue of students. In 1508 Pope Julius II succeeded in getting the Florentine sculptor Michelangelo (1475-1564) to agree to continue the decorative scheme of the Sistine Chapel. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was constructed in", "id": "21438109" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\n: Pietrangeli, in his foreword to \"The Sistine Chapel\", written after the restoration of the lunettes, but prior to the restoration of the ceiling, commends those who had the courage to commence the restoration process, and thanks not only those who visited the restoration while it was in progress and gave the benefit of their knowledge and experience, but also those who were critical of the enterprise. Pietrangeli made acknowledgement that these people spurred the team on to punctilious documentation so that a full report of criteria and methods should be", "id": "5707417" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nthe glorious Jesus to the characters of the ceiling, assumes a function of link between the Old and New Testament. In Vasari's description of the Prophets and Sibyls he is particularly high in his praise of the portrayal of Isaiah: \"Anyone who studies this figure, copied so faithfully from nature, the true mother of the art of painting, will find a beautifully composed work capable of teaching in full measure all the precepts to be followed by a good painter.\" The Sibyls were prophetic women who were resident at shrines", "id": "19259064" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\n, is descended from Abraham, according to the Gospel of Matthew. However, the genealogy is now incomplete, since the two lunettes of the windows in the Altar wall were destroyed by Michelangelo when he returned to the Sistine Chapel in 1537 to paint The Last Judgment. Only engravings, based on a drawing that has since been lost, remain of them. The sequence of tablets seems a little erratic as one plaque has four names, most have three or two, and two plaques have only one. Moreover, the progression", "id": "19259078" }, { "contents": "Prophet Joel (Michelangelo)\n\n\nThe Prophet Joel is one of the seven Old Testament prophets painted by the Italian High Renaissance master Michelangelo (c. 1508–1512) on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The Sistine Chapel is in Vatican Palace, in the Vatican City. This particular fresco imagines the person of Joel, a prophet from the Hebrew Bible, whose teachings appear in the Book of Joel. Critics have often commented on the rhythmic posture of the figure, and the artist's use of several inner horizontal lines for the clothing, which stands out when compared to some", "id": "3694981" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nwere painted on the ceiling. To reach the chapel's ceiling, Michelangelo designed his own scaffold, a flat wooden platform on brackets built out from holes in the wall near the top of the windows, rather than being built up from the floor. Mancinelli speculates that this was in order to cut the cost of timber. According to Michelangelo's pupil and biographer Ascanio Condivi, the brackets and frame that supported the steps and flooring were all put in place at the beginning of the work and a lightweight screen, possibly cloth", "id": "19259017" }, { "contents": "Palazzo Farnese\n\n\n, and in addition take their basic structure from two ceilings by the most prestigious artists of the High Renaissance in Rome, the Loggia of Psyche by Raphael and Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling\". Carracci adopted the \"quadri riportati\", which the ceiling is divided into units and turned it into a collection of framed paintings, along with the cast masks among the garlands, and carved putti, and sculptures supporting the central scene. This large central scene depicts the triumphal progress of Bacchus and Ariadne. Two smaller paintings are attached", "id": "14656555" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nbefore painting. The upper part of the ceiling provided Michelangelo an irregular surface due to cracks and water seepage. Continued ingress of water from the roof and from unroofed exterior walkways above the ceiling level had caused seepage which carried down salts from the building mortar and deposited them on the ceiling through evaporation. In places this caused the surface of the frescoes to bubble and lift. Although discolouration was a serious problem, bubbling was not, because the thinness and transparency of the paint which Michelangelo employed on the greater part of the ceiling", "id": "5707379" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nis a definition of the \"real\" architectural elements by accentuating the lines where spandrels and pendentives intersect with the curving vault. Michelangelo painted these as decorative courses that look like sculpted stone moldings. These have two repeating motifs, a formula common in Classical architecture. Here, one motif is the acorn, the symbol of the family of both Pope Sixtus IV, who built the chapel, and Pope Julius II, who commissioned Michelangelo's work. The other motif is the scallop shell, one of the symbols of the Madonna", "id": "19259039" }, { "contents": "History painting\n\n\nof Christ\", as well as narrative scenes from mythology, and also allegorical scenes. These groups were for long the most frequently painted; works such as Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling are therefore history paintings, as are most very large paintings before the 19th century. The term covers large paintings in oil on canvas or fresco produced between the Renaissance and the late 19th century, after which the term is generally not used even for the many works that still meet the basic definition. History painting may be used interchangeably with historical", "id": "14304356" }, { "contents": "Ceiling\n\n\nrail. Ceilings have frequently been decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments. While hard to execute (at least in place) a decorated ceiling has the advantage that it is largely protected from damage by fingers and dust. In the past, however, this was more than compensated for by the damage from smoke from candles or a fireplace. Many historic buildings have celebrated ceilings. Perhaps the most famous is the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo. Ceiling height may have psychological impacts. The most common ceiling that", "id": "11243045" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nceiling down to its paint-impregnated plaster. After treatment, only that which was painted \"buon fresco\" would remain. According to critics, the inherent problem with this approach is that it relied heavily upon an assumption that Michelangelo only painted \"buon fresco\", that he was always satisfied with the result at the end of the day, and that in four and a half years spent on the ceiling, he stuck exclusively to one approach, and never made small alterations or added details. Arguimbau, on his website", "id": "5707398" }, { "contents": "Domenico Ghirlandaio\n\n\na team of Florentine and Umbrian painters who he commissioned to create a series of frescos depicting popes and scenes from the Old and New Testaments on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Ghirlandaio painted the \"Vocation of the Apostles\". He also painted the now lost \"Resurrection of Christ\". \"The Crossing of the Red Sea\" has also been attributed to him, but is consistent with the style of Cosimo Roselli who was also part of the commission. Ghirlandaio is known to have created other works in Rome, now", "id": "20416973" }, { "contents": "Poor Man's Bible\n\n\nItaly, where the method employed was generally fresco, painting on freshly laid, slightly damp plaster. Many fine examples have survived from the Medieval and Early Renaissance periods. Remarkably, the best known example of such Biblical story-telling was not created for the edification of the poor but for the rich and powerful, the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel created by Michelangelo for Pope Julius II. Murals occur in France, particularly in the south where the walls tend to be wider, rather than the north where the art of stained", "id": "16295215" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nThrough his reluctance to obey God, he was swallowed by a \"mighty fish\". He spent three days in its belly and was eventually spewed up on dry land where he went about God's business. Jonah was thus seen as presaging Jesus, who having died by crucifixion, spent part of three days in a tomb and was raised on the third day. So, on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Jonah, with the \"great fish\" beside him and his eyes turned towards God the Creator, represents", "id": "19259062" }, { "contents": "Michelangelo\n\n\ntomb. The works, known collectively as \"The Captives\", each show the figure struggling to free itself, as if from the bonds of the rock in which it is lodged. The works give a unique insight into the sculptural methods that Michelangelo employed and his way of revealing what he perceived within the rock. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was painted between 1508 and 1512. The ceiling is a flattened barrel vault supported on twelve triangular pendentives that rise from between the windows of the chapel. The commission, as envisaged by", "id": "945842" }, { "contents": "Doni Tondo\n\n\nfamily. The painting is in the form of a tondo, meaning in Italian, 'round', a shape which is frequently associated during the Renaissance with domestic ideas. The work was most likely created during the period after Doni's marriage in 1503 or 1504, and before the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes were begun in 1508. The \"Doni Tondo\" portrays the Holy Family (the child Jesus, Mary, and Joseph) in the foreground, along with John the Baptist in the middle-ground, and contains five", "id": "1636701" }, { "contents": "Betis Church\n\n\nin the ceiling and murals on the wall with its intricate sculpture and paintings in gold dust are reminiscent of the Renaissance age of European Art. One can behold the majesty of its ceiling, walls and the altar from the aisle near the main door. There are paintings and murals of the Holy Family, selected Biblical scenes, Catholic saints and cherubs. No wonder, it is dubbed as “the Sistine Chapel” of the Philippines. The church was built by Augustinian priests from 1660 to 1670. The initial structure was composed", "id": "9955488" }, { "contents": "Italian Renaissance painting\n\n\nClassical themes were also seen as providing suitable allegorical material for civic commissions. Humanism also influenced the manner in which religious themes were depicted, notably on Michelangelo's \"Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel\". Other motifs were drawn from contemporary life, sometimes with allegorical meaning, some sometimes purely decorative. Incidents important to a particular family might be recorded like those in the \"Camera degli Sposi\" that Mantegna painted for the Gonzaga family at Mantua. Increasingly, still lifes and decorative scenes from life were painted, such as \"the", "id": "21438053" }, { "contents": "Sister Chapel\n\n\nby women and portrayed by women. The nominal pun regarding the Sistine Chapel ceiling was intentional. As the Sistine Chapel represented an apex of global and western culture, and a realization of the patriarchal conceptualization of history, \"The Sister Chapel\" comprised an invitation for people to re-imagine familiar, often unconscious presumptions about gender roles, recognition and relations from a female perspective. Greenstein explained that she was questioning the \"version of creation\" in the Sistine Chapel by asking, \"where was woman in man's relation to", "id": "17444548" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nbut these have been closed up above the altar when Michelangelo's Last Judgement was painted, obliterating two lunettes. Between the windows are large \"pendentives\" which support the vault. Between the pendentives are triangularly shaped arches or \"spandrels\" cut into the vault above each window. Above the height of the pendentives, the ceiling slopes gently without much deviation from the horizontal. This is the \"real\" architecture. Michelangelo has elaborated it with illusionary or \"fictive\" architecture. The first element in the scheme of painted architecture", "id": "19259038" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nwhich includes the large fresco \"The Last Judgment\" on the sanctuary wall, also by Michelangelo, wall paintings by several leading painters of the late 15th century including Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Pietro Perugino, and a set of large tapestries by Raphael, the whole illustrating much of the doctrine of the Catholic Church. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which \"The Creation of Adam\" is the best known, having an iconic standing equaled only by Leonardo da Vincis \"Mona Lisa", "id": "19259009" }, { "contents": "Painting\n\n\nart), or abstraction (as in abstract art). Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism). A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by religious art. Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery, to Biblical scenes Sistine Chapel ceiling", "id": "13725017" }, { "contents": "Raphael\n\n\n, probably only including some elements designed by Raphael, after his early death in 1520. The death of Julius in 1513 did not interrupt the work at all, as he was succeeded by Raphael's last Pope, the Medici Pope Leo X, with whom Raphael formed an even closer relationship, and who continued to commission him. Raphael's friend Cardinal Bibbiena was also one of Leo's old tutors, and a close friend and advisor. Raphael was clearly influenced by Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling in the course of painting the", "id": "1002285" }, { "contents": "Spirituali\n\n\nThe Spirituali were members of a reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church, which existed from the 1530s to the 1560s. The movement is sometimes also called evangelism. The ranks of the Spirituali included Cardinal Gasparo Contarini (1483–1542), Cardinal Jacopo Sadoleto (1477–1547), Cardinal Reginald Pole (1500–1558), Italian poet Vittoria Colonna, and her friend, the artist Michelangelo (1475–1564), who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the very controversial \"Last Judgement\". These \"Italian evangelicals\" proposed to reform the", "id": "18209178" }, { "contents": "Andrew McGibbon\n\n\nofficial radio debut, excluding a number of incognito appearances in various sketches for Greening. Speaking to the \"Radio Times\", she said that \"I suppose I'm an intergalactic dominatrix. There are great humorous possibilities – like painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with white emulsion. In the end we discover Hildegard's rather tawdry past and motives.\" The series was written by McGibbon (who also played Raymond) with additional material by Rob Colley and Kevin Greening. Later BBC7 transmissions were cut to remove a subplot about", "id": "8263292" }, { "contents": "Italian art\n\n\nda Vinci. Michelangelo excelled as a painter, architect, and poet. In addition, he has been called the greatest sculptor in history. Michelangelo was a master of portraying the human figure. For example, his famous statue of the Israelite leader \"Moses\" (1516) gives an overwhelming impression of physical and spiritual power. These qualities also appear in the frescoes of Biblical and classical subjects that Michelangelo painted on the ceiling of the Vatican's Sistine Chapel. The frescoes, painted from 1508 to 1512, rank among the", "id": "3397286" }, { "contents": "The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1600–1602)\n\n\nthe duchess who receives the Body of Christ like a lover for supper (cf. ). Stylistically, the painting is comparable to another early work created approximately at the same time: „The Elevation of the Cross“ for the chapel of the church Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, which offers the same perspective to the mourning group of women. Rubens knew the descent from the cross (pieta bandini) by Michelangelo, either by an engraving by Cherubino Alberti or he saw the pieta personified in Rome.Engaged by the duchess of", "id": "17340018" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nthe work upon Michelangelo's lunettes, was performed in October 1984. The work then proceeded on the ceiling, completed in December 1989, and from there to \"The Last Judgement\". The restoration was unveiled by Pope John Paul II on 8 April 1994. The restoration has removed the filter of grime to reveal colours closer to the paintings at the time of their completion. The ceiling now appears to depict daytime scenes and a springlike atmosphere with bright saturated colours, The restoration was met with both praise and criticism. Critics", "id": "19259097" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nwhich has caused the most concern is the ceiling, painted by Michelangelo. The emergence of the brightly coloured Ancestors of Christ from the gloom sparked a reaction of fear that the processes being employed in the cleaning were too severe. Despite warnings, the work on the ceiling proceeded and, according to critics such as James Beck, their worst fears were confirmed once the ceiling was completed. The cause for dissent lies in the analysis and understanding of the techniques utilised by Michelangelo, and the technical response of the restorers to their understanding", "id": "5707395" }, { "contents": "Italian Renaissance painting\n\n\nwith two popes and a famous writer among them, and, while Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling, a series of wall frescoes in the Vatican chambers nearby, of which \"the School of Athens\" (1509-11) in the Stanza della Segnaturais is uniquely significant. This fresco depicts a meeting of all the most learned ancient Athenians, gathered in a grand classical setting around the central figure of Plato, whom Raphael has famously modelled upon Leonardo da Vinci. The brooding figure of Heraclitus who sits by a large", "id": "21438117" }, { "contents": "History of Rome\n\n\nRome became the most famous painter in Italy, creating frescos in the Cappella Niccolina, the Villa Farnesina, the Raphael's Rooms, and many other famous paintings. Michelangelo began the decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and executed the famous statue of Moses for the tomb of Julius. Rome lost in part its religious character, becoming increasingly a true Renaissance city, with a great number of popular feasts, horse races, parties, intrigues and licentious episodes. Its economy was prosperous, with the presence of several Tuscan bankers", "id": "1287334" }, { "contents": "Rothschild Bronzes\n\n\nThe Rothschild Bronzes are a pair of early-16th century sculptures, each depicting a nude male figure riding a panther, which have been verified as being made by Michelangelo. The sculptures are believed to have been created around 1506 to 1508, before the painting of Sistine Chapel ceiling fresco but after the marble statue of \"David\". The bronzes are now considered the only known surviving bronze works by the artist in existence. The bronzes were displayed to the public at the University of Cambridge's Fitzwilliam Museum from February to August 2015.", "id": "2594784" }, { "contents": "The Elevation of the Cross (Rubens)\n\n\nSan Rocco in Venice. Rubens's version creates a more compelling, intense and emotional response through the re-positioning of Christ. Christ cuts across the central panel in diagonally, akin to Caravaggio's\" Entombment\" where both descent and ascent are in play at a key moment. Rubens represents light with tenebrism, reflecting on the influence of Caravaggio. Christ's perfectly molded body alludes to the nude figures painted by Michelangelo on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel. The Council of Trent played a significant role in the subject matter", "id": "6287048" }, { "contents": "The Captive (painting)\n\n\nin Shakespeare's play \"Hamlet\". The journey takes place in 1762, when Britain was at war with France, and imprisonment was a real possibility for a traveller from a hostile country. The pose of the model in Wright's first painting is the same as that used by Michelangelo when painting \"The Creation of Adam\" on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. And the first \"captive\" painting was made by Wright while in Rome in 1774. After its completion he had to import it back into Britain;", "id": "20623709" }, { "contents": "Separation of Light from Darkness\n\n\nThe Separation of Light from Darkness is, from the perspective of the Genesis chronology, the first of nine central panels that run along the center of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling and which depict scenes from the Book of Genesis. Michelangelo probably completed this panel in the summer of 1512, the last year of the Sistine ceiling project. It is one of five smaller scenes that alternate with four larger scenes that run along the center of the Sistine ceiling. The \"Separation of Light from Darkness\" is based on verses 3–5 from", "id": "20693474" }, { "contents": "Piermatteo Lauro de' Manfredi da Amelia\n\n\nPiermatteo de' Manfredi da Amelia (circa 1445 - died 1503/1508) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. Piermatteo was born at Amelia, in Umbria. He is first recorded as being part of the circle of Filippo Lippi, active between 1467 and 1469, working on the decoration of the Spoleto Cathedral. From 1479 until 1480 he was in Rome, where he was active in painting the Sistine Chapel; he aided in creating the decoration of stars on the ceiling. From 1480 until 1482 he was active in Orvieto", "id": "9082692" }, { "contents": "Michelangelo\n\n\nis located in the Church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome and is most famous for the central figure of Moses, completed in 1516. Of the other statues intended for the tomb, two, known as the \"Rebellious Slave\" and the \"Dying Slave\", are now in the Louvre. During the same period, Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which took approximately four years to complete (1508–1512). According to Condivi's account, Bramante, who was working on the building of St. Peter", "id": "945813" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nas essentially sinful and flawed, Humanism emphasized humanity as potentially noble and beautiful. These two views were not necessarily irreconcilable to the Church, but only through a recognition that the unique way to achieve this \"elevation of spirit, mind and body\" was through the Church as the agent of God. To be outside the Church was to be beyond \"Salvation\". In the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo presented both Catholic and Humanist elements in a way that does not appear visually conflicting. The inclusion of \"non", "id": "19259034" }, { "contents": "Raphael\n\n\naltarpiece in Florence itself. Several other artists and their teams of assistants were already at work on different rooms, many painting over recently completed paintings commissioned by Julius's loathed predecessor, Alexander VI, whose contributions, and arms, Julius was determined to efface from the palace. Michelangelo, meanwhile, had been commissioned to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. This first of the famous \"Stanze\" or \"Raphael Rooms\" to be painted, now known as the \"Stanza della Segnatura\" after its use in Vasari's time,", "id": "1002283" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nthe \"intonaco\" had been well applied, he drew directly onto the ceiling. His energetic sweeping outlines can be seen scraped into some of the surfaces, while on others a grid is evident, indicating that he enlarged directly onto the ceiling from a small drawing. Michelangelo painted onto the damp plaster using a wash technique to apply broad areas of colour, then as the surface became drier, he revisited these areas with a more linear approach, adding shade and detail with a variety of brushes. For some textured surfaces,", "id": "19259022" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nby the \"Creation of Adam\". As the scale of the work got larger, Michelangelo's style became broader; the final narrative scene of God in the act of Creation was painted in a single day. The bright colours and broad, cleanly defined outlines make each subject easily visible from the floor. Despite the height of the ceiling, the proportions of the \"Creation of Adam\" are such that when standing beneath it, \"it appears as if the viewer could simply raise a finger and meet those of God", "id": "19259025" }, { "contents": "Sistine Chapel ceiling\n\n\nthe \"Ignudi\" represent angels. If the \"Ignudi\" are indeed angels, they are the ever-present attendants and messengers of God, impassively watching and waiting on the fate of Humankind. Their painting demonstrates, more than any other figures on the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of anatomy and foreshortening and his enormous powers of invention. In their reflection of classical antiquity they resonate with Pope Julius' aspirations to lead Italy towards a new 'age of gold'; at the same time, they staked Michelangelo's claim", "id": "19259088" }, { "contents": "Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\n\n\nto the painting techniques employed on Michelangelo's frescoes. Trials to find the right solvents were continued on a small portion of the Eleazar and Matthan lunette. Because of the height of the ceiling and the inaccessibility of the ceiling frescoes, the precise nature of the damage and the problems that would be encountered by the restoration team could not be entirely foreseen until after the decision to restore was taken, and the scaffolding was in place. According to Colalucci, the continued scientific analysis and the response of the restorers to the particular problems", "id": "5707375" }, { "contents": "The Creation of the Sun, Moon and Vegetation\n\n\nThe Creation of the Sun, Moon and Vegetation, (sometimes The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants or The Creation of the Sun and the Moon) is one of the frescoes from Michelangelo's nine Book of Genesis scenes on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. It is the second scene in the chronological sequence on the ceiling, depicting the third and fourth day of the Creation narrative. On the left side of the painting God is depicted from behind, extending his arm towards a bush, alluding to the plant world", "id": "610709" }, { "contents": "Commission (art)\n\n\nSan Francisco Grande), to murals (\"Last Supper\" for the monastery church of Santa Maria della Grazia), to sculptures (the Gran Cavallo at Sforza). The most famous commissioned artwork of the Renaissance may be the Sistine Chapel ceiling at the Vatican, painted by Michelangelo as a commission for Pope Julius II. Today, public artworks may be commissioned by benefactors who wish to donate the artwork to a city as a gift to the public. \"Famine\" (1997), a series of sculptures by Rowan", "id": "10543134" }, { "contents": "The Creation of Adam\n\n\nnever finished to his satisfaction. It is located in the Church of S. Pietro in Vincoli in Rome and is most famous for his central figure of \"Moses\", completed in 1516. Of the other statues intended for the tomb, two known as the \"Rebellious Slave\" and the \"Dying Slave\", are now in the Louvre. During the same period, Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which took approximately four years to complete (1508–1512). According to Condivi's account, Bramante, who", "id": "21328435" } ]

[ { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nThey eventually are brought back together by way of Angela's father during his visit to the college, recruiting students for his R.O.T.C. program of basic training in the army. Mr. Feeny returns to take some classes but then is offered a teaching job at the university. During their freshman year, Stuart (played by Ben Savage's older brother Fred Savage), one of their professors, makes inappropriate—and unwelcome—sexual advances towards Topanga, causing Cory to shove him through a glass door at the Student Union. Cory is", "id": "5933729" }, { "contents": "Pilot (Boy Meets World)\n\n\nnight, and tied 48th ranked of the week. Cory Matthews is a young kid in sixth grade and is confused about girls. In class, his teacher Mr. Feeny gives him detention for listening to a Phillies baseball game. Afterward, Feeny continues his lecture teaching the meaning and values of \"Romeo and Juliet\". Cory initially, does not like girls, which is the opposite of his best friend Shawn Hunter and older brother Eric, who is goofy and frequently idiotic. In the episode, it is later revealed the", "id": "10071734" }, { "contents": "Ben Savage\n\n\nin \"A Family For Joe\" (NBC, 1990). Ben is best known for his role as lead character Cory Matthews on the hit TV sitcom \"Boy Meets World\" from 1993 until 2000. Savage's brother Fred appeared alongside him in one episode of \"Boy Meets World\", guest starring as a lecherous college professor pursuing Cory's girlfriend. In the following season, Fred directed his brother and the cast of \"Boy Meets World\" in the episode \"Family Trees,\" as Shawn (Rider Strong", "id": "6769049" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nwoman proving herself to be a sweet, caring mother of Farkle and wife of Stuart. She supports her son while waiting to find out if he is diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. Morgan Matthews (Lily Nicksay and Lindsay Ridgeway) is the younger sister of Cory and Eric, older sister of Joshua, and Riley and Auggie's aunt. Both actresses who played Morgan in \"Boy Meets World\", Nicksay (who portrayed Morgan in seasons one and two) and Ridgeway (who portrayed Morgan in seasons three through seven),", "id": "19447167" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nAmy often plays counterpoint to Alan in giving their children discipline and guidance. In dealing with Eric, she always discourages \"babying\" him, whereas several episodes involving Cory see a much more gentle and motherly Amy. Eric Randall Matthews (Will Friedle) is the elder brother of Cory, Morgan, and Joshua Matthews. He began the show as a suave, popular young man, who constantly went out on dates. He was originally portrayed as the stereotypical elder brother. Eric's character changed mid-series from preppy elder", "id": "16748022" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nepisodes of \"Boy Meets World\". In the updated series she is shown to be a much nicer, doting parent. Morgan Matthews (Lily Nicksay; seasons 1-2/Lindsay Ridgeway; recurring season 3, main seasons 4–7) is the only daughter of Alan and Amy Matthews, the younger sister of Eric and Cory and the older sister of Joshua. She inexplicably disappeared after the show's second season and reappeared midway through the following season played by a different actress. In the episode of her return, a", "id": "16748046" }, { "contents": "Ben Savage\n\n\nBennett Joseph Savage (born September 13, 1980) is an American actor. He played the lead role of Cory Matthews on the ABC sitcom \"Boy Meets World\" (1993–2000) and its Disney Channel sequel \"Girl Meets World\" (2014–2017). Savage was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Joanne and Lewis Savage, who were an industrial real estate broker and a consultant. His elder brother is actor/director Fred Savage, and his elder sister is actress/musician Kala Savage. His grandparents were", "id": "6769046" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\ncalled in by Cory to mediate and he successfully reconciles the girls. The episode title is a reference to the \"Boy Meets World\" Season 7 episode \"Seven the Hard Way\"; and he again administers his \"Lose one friend…\" mantra. Early plans for the sequel had Eric's son, Troy, being a prominent part of the cast; the role of the teenage relative is instead filled by Cory and Eric's youngest brother, Joshua (now portrayed by Uriah Shelton). At the end of \"", "id": "16748031" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nBoy Meets World is an American television sitcom created and produced by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly. The show aired on the ABC network from September 24, 1993 to May 5, 2000, lasting seven seasons. The show chronicles the everyday events and life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage). It also stars Cory's teacher George Feeny (William Daniels), best friend Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong), brother Eric (Will Friedle), and love interest Topanga (Danielle Fishel). The show also features", "id": "5933712" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nfamily before eventually taking off again. Shawn goes through several ups and downs throughout the show, including briefly joining a cult and nearly succumbing to alcoholism, similar to his father. In a later season, Shawn's half-brother Jack arrives in town for college. Shawn moves in with Jack and Eric Matthews, Cory's older brother, leaving Chet free to take off again. However, on a trip back to town, during which Chet attempts to reconcile with Shawn and promises to finally stay, Chet dies of a", "id": "16748037" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nwith his life. Cory struggled in high school, where he often had trouble with bullies and has less-than-stellar study habits. Cory's personality changes somewhat as he gets older. For the first few years, he's a slacker and just barely a better student than Shawn. One major difference between Cory and Shawn is that Cory seems to get more worked up or neurotic about random things, whereas Shawn is more laid back. If Cory does not want to do something school-related, he will make", "id": "16748013" }, { "contents": "Girl Meets World\n\n\nMinkus and Riley's younger brother Auggie. In November 2012, it was reported that Disney Channel was in the early stages of development of a follow-up series titled \"Girl Meets World\", which would center on Cory and Topanga's 12-year-old daughter Riley. The original idea for the series was developed by Corey Marsh, an executive director at Disney Channel, who approached Michael Jacobs, co-creator of \"Boy Meets World\", to produce a similar series for a new generation of children as executive producer", "id": "15469121" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nrelationship between Cory and Topanga. In the season three episode \"Girl Meets Upstate\", it is revealed that he has a cabin in Upstate New York. At the end of the episode, he gets engaged to Katy. In \"Girl Meets I Do\", Shawn gets married to Katy. In the series finale, Shawn presents Maya with adoption papers and Maya accepts. Eric Matthews (Will Friedle) is Cory, Joshua, and Morgan's older brother, and Riley and Auggie's uncle. He first appears in", "id": "19447155" }, { "contents": "Pilot (Boy Meets World)\n\n\nstarred Fred Savage and ran from 1988 until the end of the 1992-93 season. Savage, now 17, was considered too old to take on another similar role, but his younger brother Ben, who had made a cameo in \"The Wonder Years\" in 1990 at the age of 10 and had recently appeared in the miniseries \"Wild Palms\", was given the role of Cory Matthews. One of the other key castings was William Daniels as George Feeny, Cory's teacher and nemesis; Daniels had previously held", "id": "10071737" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\n(Linda Cardellini) which causes them to break up until reuniting in \"Starry Night\". The series tries to justify this by saying that Cory and Topanga first met as toddlers and became best friends, only to be driven apart as they grew older and Eric pressured Cory to think of girls as \"icky\". By the time of the first-season episodes, Cory has apparently completely forgotten about Topanga and knows almost nothing about her. Although Topanga was accepted to Yale University, she decided to attend Pennbrook College with", "id": "16748056" }, { "contents": "Retroactive continuity\n\n\nthough Shawn's half-brother Jack is introduced in later seasons). The ages of the characters of \"Boy Meets World\" are altered notably where Cory is age 11 in 6th grade during season 1 to age 13 and 8th grade in season 2. This happens again in high school skipping another grade. The age gap between Cory and Eric also narrows from 4 years apart in age to 2 years apart in age. Another prominent retcon during that series was that of the character of Morgan Matthews, who was portrayed by", "id": "6723194" }, { "contents": "Pilot (Boy Meets World)\n\n\nPilot is the pilot episode of the television series \"Boy Meets World\", written by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly and directed by John Tracy. It premiered on ABC in the United States on September 24, 1993. The pilot introduces viewers to Cory Matthews and his friends, who live in Philadelphia and attend Jefferson Elementary School, along with members of his immediate family. In the episode, Cory is given detention from his 6th Grade teacher Mr. Feeny for attempting to listen to a Philadelphia Phillies baseball game in class. The", "id": "10071731" }, { "contents": "Pilot (Boy Meets World)\n\n\nclass is taught about the value of love by reading \"Romeo and Juliet\", but Cory struggles to see girls and love as \"good\" when his brother Eric takes a girl to see a baseball game instead of him. Eric's date is unsuccessful, but Cory advises Eric to give the girl another chance after a conversation with Mr Feeny in detention. Seven characters receive top billing in the episode: Cory Matthews (Ben Savage); Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong); George Feeny (William Daniels); Eric", "id": "10071732" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\ndo not care about schoolwork, despite the efforts of their longtime teacher George Feeny (William Daniels). Initially, their main interest is sports, though later Shawn and then Cory begin to express an interest in girls. This season focuses specifically on Cory's relationships with the other characters in the show. He begins to understand his parents more and respect them for all that they do. His relationship with his elder brother Eric (Will Friedle) becomes confusing as Eric's constant obsession with girls is foreign to Cory, and", "id": "5933714" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nshares a strong relationship with her best friend Maya Hart, who assists her in learning to cope with the social and personal issues of adolescence. Several \"Boy Meets World\" cast members reprise their roles in the series. (Rowan Blanchard) is the daughter of Cory and Topanga Matthews, and has a younger brother named Auggie. At the start of the series, Riley is 12 years old and in seventh grade. She and her best friend, Maya Hart, explore school and life together while making new friends along the", "id": "19447123" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nMeets I Am Farkle\", it is revealed that Stuart is married to Jennifer Bassett, an ex-girlfriend of Shawn's. He returned in the series finale. Harley Keiner (Danny McNulty) is Cory's good friend and former high school bully. In \"Boy Meets World\", Harley was much older than the rest of the students due to being held back. He now works as the janitor at John Quincy Adams Middle School, as seen in \"Girl Meets the Forgotten\". He mentions in \"Girl", "id": "19447148" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\ntrust his judgment over Cory Matthews after he started a fight with a corrupted young professor named Stuart (portrayed by Ben Savage's real-life brother Fred) who made an advance towards Topanga Lawrence. Dean Bolander had Cory under a probationary period of one day for starting physical violence on campus instead of expelling him, and the professor under an investigation for his misconduct. Bolander and Feeny fall in love afterward and eventually they are married. After marrying Feeny in the last episode of season six, she isn't seen again and", "id": "16748105" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nleads Cory to occasionally develop an inferiority complex; such as Shawn gets better ideas than him when participating their high school's work study program, meeting art prodigy Alexandra Nechita, and Topanga gets a better job than his after they got married. When Cory and Topanga begin their relationship, many women seem to be attracted to Cory, which Shawn explains as girls being attracted to men who are off the market. In the past, Cory has kissed other women while with Topanga; Lauren (Linda Cardellini), whom Cory develops", "id": "16748015" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\n). He compares this to Cory who, though lacking Eric's natural intelligence, makes up for it by being hard-working when he wants to be, and thus succeeds. Eric, on the other hand, is too lazy and immature to be anything but a ridiculous \"goof-off\", to the annoyance of his family and Mr. Feeny, in addition lacking confidence to his own capability to succeed academically. In \"Girl Meets World\", Cory mentions that Eric is the only person he knows who can", "id": "16748025" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\n) is Cory's best friend since childhood, Topanga's close childhood friend, and uncle figure to Riley and Auggie. Since the end of \"Boy Meets World\", Shawn has traveled around as a writer and a photographer. He first appears in \"Girl Meets Home for the Holidays\" and later forms a friendship with Maya, and develops feelings for her mother Katy. Cory and Shawn have a close relationship with each other that, as shown in \"Boy Meets World\", is at times even stronger than the", "id": "19447154" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nCory and their friends. She proposed to Cory at their high school graduation. They married during their sophomore year (during the final season), after which the show attempted to put them in stereotypical marriage problem situations. At the end of the series, she and Cory, along with Eric and Shawn, moved to New York City where Topanga pursued a law internship. Shortly after the \"Boy Meets World\" finale, Topanga became pregnant and later gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Riley. Several years", "id": "16748057" }, { "contents": "Boy's Life (novel)\n\n\nis trying to rob. Nemo Curliss is a young boy who comes to live in Zephyr for a few short months during the summer of 1964. On their first meeting, Cory comes to discover that Nemo has a talent when it comes to throwing baseballs. However, Nemo's overprotective mother refuses to allow him to play because she feels her little boy is too fragile to play rough sports like baseball. Cory and his friends are deeply disappointed because Nemo could have helped them win the season that summer in little league. During", "id": "8026312" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nplus a son named Auggie. Cory is, at this point in his life, a seventh-grade history teacher and his daughter is also in his class. In this spin-off series, Cory, who is now matured and experienced, plays the similar role as his father Alan and George Feeny had; mentoring his children and their friends about life, while still learning his craft as a young teacher (akin to Jonathan Turner). George Feeny (William Daniels) Throughout the series, Feeny tries his best to", "id": "16748017" }, { "contents": "Ben Savage\n\n\nSavage announced via his Twitter account that he had signed on to the \"Boy Meets World\" spin-off series, \"Girl Meets World\". The series premiered on Disney Channel on June 27, 2014, and features Savage's character Cory and his \"Boy Meets World\" love interest Topanga (Danielle Fishel) married in their adult years with two children. The series follows Cory and Topanga's daughter Riley (Rowan Blanchard) as she enters middle school and tries to navigate through life. Besides being Riley's father", "id": "6769054" }, { "contents": "Teen sitcom\n\n\n(which outlines an incident involving the two lead characters each episode as explained by them), and \"Girl Meets World\" (which focuses on \"Boy Meets World\" characters, Cory and Topanga Matthews' teenage daughter, Riley as she navigates the challenges of life and being a teenager) which are all fairly popular with teenage audiences, as well as older children and young adults. Disney Channel's comedy series, while not exclusively targeted for that audience, are geared more towards teen and preteen girls; in contrast,", "id": "1477768" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nseven years. He later returns as a teenager in the sequel series \"Girl Meets World\", this time playing a larger role and being portrayed by Uriah Shelton. Joshua has grown up to be a handsome young man who has a great relationship with Cory and Alan. He also seems to have a charming yet silly personality, akin to Eric. Maya has a small schoolgirls crush on him for a brief episode. In the episode Girl Meets Game Night, Joshua talks to Maya about her crush on him. He says", "id": "16748090" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nbad boy image. Their personality differences do cause problems between the two a few times, but these problems never destroy their friendship. Later seasons depict the relationship between Cory and Shawn as being so intimate that it causes Topanga to be jealous, and several innuendos are made referencing the subconscious homoerotic nature of their friendship. In the first season of \"Boy Meets World,\" not much is known about Shawn except that he is Cory's best friend. In season two and thereafter, the show begins to focus on Shawn's", "id": "16748035" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nhonor board panel and reveals her last name to be Carpenter. The following characters from \"Boy Meets World\" make appearances in the series in the form of recurring roles, guest appearances, or cameo appearances. They are listed in order of appearance: George Feeny (William Daniels) is Cory's omnipresent mentor who is now in his late 80s. Feeny makes a cameo appearance in the pilot episode, his only appearance in the first season. Mr. Feeny was Cory, Shawn, and Topanga's teacher in junior high,", "id": "19447144" }, { "contents": "Pilot (Boy Meets World)\n\n\nreason Cory does not like girls so much is that Eric took his girlfriend, Heather, instead of Cory, to see a Phillies game. In detention, Mr. Feeny pays no attention to Cory, who starts is wheedling to get Feeny's attention, Mr. Feeny goes into a speech about love and its many interpretations by poets, playwrights, and philosophers. Cory comes back home and apologizes to his family. When Eric comes back from the game, miserable that his nerves ruined his date with Heather, Cory convinces him to", "id": "10071735" }, { "contents": "Girl Meets World\n\n\nlead roles of Riley Matthews, the daughter of Cory and Topanga, Maya, a witty friend of Riley's who has a troubled past, and Elliot, Riley's older brother. By the end of January 2013, Rowan Blanchard and Sabrina Carpenter were cast as Riley and Maya, respectively. Teo Halm was tapped for the role of Elliot in early March. Filming of the pilot began on March 20, 2013, and concluded on March 22, 2013. Rider Strong and Will Friedle made a surprise visit to the set", "id": "15469125" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nBoy Meets World is an American television sitcom that chronicles the coming of age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage). The show aired from 1993 to 2000 on ABC, part of the network's TGIF lineup for seven seasons. Several of the characters that originated on \"Boy Meets World\" later appeared in its sequel, \"Girl Meets World\". The only main characters not to make an appearance on \"Girl Meets World\" are Rachel McGuire and Eli Williams. For a listing of characters", "id": "16748010" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nunique to that series, see the list of \"Girl Meets World\" characters. Cornelius A. \"Cory\" Matthews (Ben Savage) is the main character of the series. His best friend is Shawn Hunter, and his mother and father are Amy and Alan Matthews. By the end of the series, he has three siblings: Eric, Morgan, and Joshua. Cory is friends with Topanga Lawrence, his \"first true love\", whom, he eventually marries late in the series. Sometimes, Cory does not", "id": "16748011" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nfinale she, along with Amy and Alan, say goodbye to Cory, Eric, Shawn and Topanga when they depart for New York. Both Nicksay and Ridgeway appear as Morgan in the series finale of Girl Meets World. A joke is even made about the two, with Cory and Topanga's son, Auggie being frightened when he is comforted by both. Alan Matthews (William Russ) is the husband of Amy Matthews, and the father of Eric, Cory, Morgan, and Joshua. Alan, as the father of", "id": "16748048" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\njoke is made about her long absence. Upon her reappearance, she says, \"That was the longest timeout I \"ever\" had!\" With the introduction of a new actress in the role came a shift, not just in age, but also in personality as Morgan went from being the cute and innocent girly girl little sister interested in dolls, pretty dresses and perfume to being a more sassy, rude and sarcastic and more tomboyish character who delights in making fun of her brothers, especially Cory. In the series", "id": "16748047" }, { "contents": "ThinkUKnow\n\n\nBest Public Charity and Public Welfare film and Best Editing, and bronze for Best Director. This film is based around a boy named Tom, who talks about playing online games and meeting a similar boy named Jack. Jack asks Tom to go football training with him, and Tom agrees. When he arrives at Jack's house, Tom is greeted by a man who appears about 15 years older, who claims to be Jack's older brother. He offers to let him come in and wait for Jack. While they are", "id": "20782356" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\ntheir own school days, Harley now holds Cory in high esteem, mainly because it was Cory's influence that got him hired as custodian at John Quincy Adams Middle School, earning him the affectionate nickname \"Janitor Harley\" by the students. He is now good friends with Cory, and also with the four main kids (Cory's daughter Riley, Maya Hart, Lucas Friar, and Farkle Minkus). In the season 1 episode \"Girl Meets Flaws\", when Farkle is bullied by another student, Harley sympathizes with", "id": "16748097" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nwho turns to be a now-grown up Tommy. Shawn Patrick Hunter (Rider Strong) was born in Ohio and lived in Oklahoma for a while as a child. He had been in five different schools before the age of 12. Shawn has been the best friend of Cory Matthews for nearly their whole lives, since the two met when Cory fell into an animal pen at a zoo and Shawn came to his rescue. Shawn has a personality almost opposite Cory's; Shawn takes more risks and has more of a", "id": "16748034" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\n, at the last minute, they decide that they want to get married \"the right way,\" in front of family and friends. Shawn, Cory, Topanga, and Angela join Jack and Eric at Pennbrook. Rachel McGuire (Maitland Ward), a new student from Texas, moves in with Eric and Jack, causing tension as both boys have crushes on her. Angela and Shawn break up due to his claim that they should meet new people and, despite Cory's efforts, decide to stay just friends.", "id": "5933728" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\n2 episode \"Girl Meets Semi-Formal\" in which Matthew Lawrence reprises his role as Jack. Eric reveals that he and Rachel are still close, whereas Jack and Rachel no longer speak. Lauren (Linda Cardellini), is Cory Matthews' potential love interest and archenemy of Topanga Lawrence during Season 5; Cory meets Lauren when he sprained his ankle getting off a bus for a ski trip. She appeared on two episodes in Season 5 and one episode in Season 6. Cory develops an affectionate bond with Lauren and they", "id": "16748080" }, { "contents": "Maybe This Time (TV series)\n\n\nappearances as Cory Matthews, Shawn Hunter and George Feeny, their characters from Michael Jacobs's other ABC sitcom \"Boy Meets World\". However, the two series do not exist in the same fictional universe as they appeared in the form of television characters in a fictional episode of \"Boy Meets World\" being watched by Gracie, who later had a waking dream about them. The series initially entered the Top 20 with the debut of its preview episode on September 15, 1995, but later ranked #47 in its Saturday", "id": "22131781" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nwould last, which led to her breaking their engagement. However, touched by Cory's perseverance, Topanga ultimately gives their love another chance. By the time of the events of \"Girl Meets World\", Topanga and Cory are shown happily married with two children. Rhiannon is obliquely referred to by her granddaughter Riley at the end of \"Girl Meets 1961\", an episode centering on Rihannon's mother, Rosie McGee. Jason Marsden (Jason Marsden), Eric's best friend from the age of three. He is", "id": "16748101" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\n, Topanga's father-in-law, and Riley and Auggie's grandfather. Alan has a close relationship with Cory and owns a wilderness store which he originally ran with his eldest son Eric in \"Boy Meets World\". He appeared along with his wife Amy and younger son Joshua in \"Girl Meets Home for the Holidays\". He returned in the series finale. Amy Matthews (Betsy Randle) is Cory, Eric, Joshua, and Morgan's mother, Topanga's mother-in-law, and Riley", "id": "19447150" }, { "contents": "Cory Lopez\n\n\n-old and standing on boards\". As the boys matured, there was more than \"one occasion\" when their dad would \"get them out of school\" to go surf a building \"Hurricane Swell\". The Lopez brothers began competing in the ESA Menehune Division and once they caught the competitive fire, there was no stopping them. Cory travelled for many years on the ASP World Tour with brother Shea and best friend, Andy Irons. Andy and Cory shared the podium on more than one occasion, including the", "id": "8144616" }, { "contents": "Cory Joseph\n\n\nrespective men's and women's basketball teams. His father won a CCAA national championship, playing for the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, and later coached at the high school, college, and professional levels. His mother coached and refereed at various levels. Joseph has two older sisters, Chantal and Danielle, and an older brother, Devoe, who played in college for Minnesota and Oregon, and currently plays professionally in Europe. Two of Joseph's second cousins also played college basketball: Kris played for Syracuse and was selected", "id": "19335927" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nand doing what is best for their friendship. During the second season, Cory, Topanga, and Shawn start high school and meet Jonathan Turner (Anthony Tyler Quinn), an unconventional English teacher. Although they initially view Mr. Turner as cool, they soon realize that he is a teacher above all else, which earns him the nickname \"Feeny with an earring\" from Cory. Throughout the second season, Cory and Shawn try a variety of ways to become popular with their classmates. In doing so, they nearly get", "id": "5933716" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\n, and she later appears in Cory's dream in a Season 6 episode (\"The Psychotic Episode\") after he and Topanga got engaged, implying that Cory is subconsciously wondering what life could have been like if he had chose Lauren instead. Lauren is later mentioned in the sequel \"Girl Meets World\" and it is revealed in the two-part episode \"Girl Meets Ski Lodge\" that she too has become a parent. Her teenage son, Evan, appears in the episode as a friendly employee at the Mount", "id": "16748082" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\n. He asks Riley and Maya how Cory has been to them as he receives some positive answers. He returns in the season three episode \"Girl Meets I Do\" where he comes to New York to wed Shawn and Katy. He returned in the series finale. Stuart Minkus (Lee Norris) is Cory, Shawn, and Topanga's former classmate, appearing as a main cast member in the first season of \"Boy Meets World\", and as a guest star in an episode of the fifth season. Although", "id": "19447146" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nShawn set the whole thing up so he could unite Cory and Topanga and make Cory confess his feelings for her. He tells her how he feels, and they become a couple. Later in the third season, Cory and Topanga are worried that their relationship has hit a rut, and decide it would be best to break up while they are still able to keep the friendship. They get back together a few months later when Cory follows her to Disney World to win her back. Eric spends this season desperately trying to", "id": "5933719" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nhad kissed, causing Cory and Topanga to break up for a while. Cory ultimately chooses Topanga after realizing his love for her and ended his potential relationship with Lauren off-screen. Topanga herself also kissed another guy during her separation with Cory, making her realize that sometimes she and Cory need to endure trials in their relationship to prove whether their love for each other is strong; Cory and Topanga ultimately got back together. Despite Cory being happy in his relationship with Topanga, one episode reveals that Cory occasionally thinks about Lauren", "id": "16748081" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nand Auggie's grandmother. Amy has a close relationship with her children, especially Morgan, who is her only daughter. She would often disagree with Cory and Topanga as a couple when they made important decisions even though she is fond of them. She appeared along with her husband Alan and younger son Joshua in \"Girl Meets Home for the Holidays\". She returned in the series finale. Joshua Matthews (Uriah Shelton) is Cory, Eric, and Morgan's teenage brother, and Riley and Auggie's uncle. He", "id": "19447151" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\npart episode \"Girl Meets Ski Lodge\", he helps Cory chaperone his class's field trip. During the trip, he tells Maya that there could be a possibility for them in the future. He also appeared in \"Girl Meets Bear\" before returning in the series finale. Joshua was the only member of the immediate Matthews family never to have a prominent role in \"Boy Meets World\"; he was originally portrayed by creator Michael Jacobs's son Daniel in \"Boy Meets World\". Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong", "id": "19447153" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nget along with Topanga, when Cory is not doing the right thing, or not doing things the right way (humorously), complete with deadpan humor and puns. Mr. George Feeny is Cory's teacher/principal, mentor, and neighbour. He goes to him for advice on his problems. Cory always works his problems out. In the last episode, it is revealed that Cory is actually short for 'Cornelius'. He is not fond of this fact, yet he ends up forgetting about it and going on", "id": "16748012" }, { "contents": "Teo Halm\n\n\n. In 2013 he was cast in the Disney Channel \"Boy Meets World\" follow-up series \"Girl Meets World\" as Elliot, the son of Cory (Ben Savage) and Topanga (Danielle Fishel). He shot the pilot, but his character was dropped from the series. In 2014 he starred as vulnerable foster child Alex in the sci-fi fantasy film \"Earth to Echo\" receiving the Best Actor award at the 9th Annual PICK Awards for his performance. He will play Frank Sullivan, Charles Bukowski", "id": "16884510" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nan affectionate bond with at a ski resort, led to him being suffered indecision between the two women and break up with Topanga for a while until they reconcile, and a college girl almost had sex with him once. By the end of the series, Cory, Topanga, and their friends eventually left Philadelphia for an internship that Topanga got with a law firm in New York City, and by the time of the events of \"Girl Meets World\", Cory has had two children with Topanga, a daughter named Riley", "id": "16748016" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nwas challenged in writing, but \"Poetic License: An Ode to Holden Caulfield\", reveals that during college he has improved significantly and additionally has had a lifelong affinity for poetry. He is also a skilled photographer, and nearly chooses a job at a glamour magazine company over college. At the end of the series, Shawn moves to New York with Cory, Topanga, and Eric. Revealed during \"Girl Meets World\", however, Shawn left New York the day of the birth of Cory and Topanga's daughter", "id": "16748040" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nHe was on the show from 1995–1996. In an episode of the sequel series \"Girl Meets World\", there's an easter egg that alludes to Griff. When Cory is presenting his class with awards, he gives Maya Hart the \"Griff Hawkins Totally Cool\" Award. Jedidiah (Peter Tork, Michael McKean, and Mark Harelik) and Rhiannon Lawrence (Annette O'Toole and Marcia Cross) are Topanga's estranged parents. Dialogue suggests they were married at the same age as Cory Matthews and their daughter, Topanga, however", "id": "16748099" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nwell as new and previously included bonus features from the original sets. In November 2012, Disney Channel announced that it had ordered a pilot for a spin-off series, \"Girl Meets World\". The story exists in the same continuity as the original series and follows Riley Matthews (Rowan Blanchard), the daughter of Cory and Topanga Matthews, as she navigates the challenges of her early teenage years. Michael Jacobs returned as showrunner, while Ben Savage and Danielle Fishel reprise their roles as Cory and Topanga. Philadelphia area", "id": "5933752" }, { "contents": "William Daniels\n\n\n\"Boy Meets World\" spinoff, \"Girl Meets World\". His role was a cameo at the end credits praising the adult Cory Matthews for his parenting. He made additional appearances in the second and third seasons. Daniels has been married to actress and fellow Emmy Award-winner Bonnie Bartlett since June 30, 1951. In 1961, Bartlett gave birth to a son, who died 24 hours later. They adopted two sons: Michael, who became an assistant director and stage manager in Los Angeles, and Robert,", "id": "7104285" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nto drink again, but Shawn breaks the promise and shows up at school drunk. With the help of Angela and Jack, Shawn realizes that alcoholism runs in his family and that he needs to stop drinking. Topanga forgives Cory after encountering her own kiss with an old friend from grade school. She realizes no kiss means more than the ones she shares with Cory. Cory and Topanga reunite and attend the prom together, where they are named King and Queen. On prom night, Cory's mother Amy (Betsy Randle)", "id": "5933726" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\n, Flyers, and Phillies, the four major sports teams in Philadelphia, and his attempts to be accepted into Swarthmore College—finally ending with Cory and most of the cast attending Pennbrook, an institution that appears to be a pastiche of Penn and Saint Joseph's University. In the episode \"Starry Night,\" Cory and Topanga visit the Philadelphia Museum of Art for a Vincent van Gogh exhibition. In the episode \"Singled Out\" in season 4, Eric meets with one of the producers of \"Singled Out\" and", "id": "5933740" }, { "contents": "List of Australian rules football families\n\n\nthe father of John and Matthew. Bernie and Gavan are Shane's brothers. Alan was the grandfather of John and Matthew. Paddy is the older brother of Tom. Alex, Anthony and James are brothers Edwin, Arch, and Fen are brothers Tom is the older brother of Oscar. Alex is the uncle of Bill. Andrew is the father of Jeremy and Mitch. Ashley, Cory and Toby are brothers. Marty and Dion Woods are cousins of Ashley, Cory & Toby. Dennis is the father of Tim. Frank", "id": "15608132" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nhe becomes more protective of his younger sister Morgan (Lily Nicksay from this season through the end of the second season). Cory begins to show interest in Topanga (Danielle Fishel), a smart outsider in his class, though he often hides this by insulting and berating her. Cory and Topanga have known each other since they were kids, making romance in their relationship even more predictable. Cory and Shawn's friendship is tested for the first time, and Cory must often choose between doing what Shawn wants him to do", "id": "5933715" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nfirst season that he saw a lot of his younger self in Shawn, and encouraged Cory to be there to help Shawn through his tough life. While there were times when he thought that Shawn was too much of a negative influence, such as when Cory and Shawn were arrested for underage drinking, he always cared about Shawn's well-being, even stating in the fourth season that he would \"kill to protect Shawn from con men like you\" to a cult leader who was trying to take advantage of Shawn's", "id": "16748050" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nCory's imagination, telling him, \"Well done, Mr. Matthews\", and Topanga likens Cory to him in a later episode. The character made two appearances in the second season, and appeared again in the third and final season. Amy Matthews (Betsy Randle) is the wife of Alan Matthews and the mother of Eric, Cory, Morgan, and Joshua Matthews. During the earlier years of the show, Amy was a real estate agent and eventually became an art gallery worker toward the end of the show.", "id": "16748021" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nannounces that she is pregnant. Mr. Feeny decides to retire at the end of the school year and move to Wyoming; however, he soon returns from retirement and goes back to teaching. Topanga is accepted to Yale, but Cory does not want her to leave him. At graduation, Topanga tells Cory that she decided not to go to Yale because she wants to be with him; then she proposes. The couple's parents are upset that they got engaged so young, but Cory and Topanga decide to elope. However", "id": "5933727" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nof the importance of their relationships and, as a result, everyone makes up. In the series finale, Cory, Topanga, Shawn, and Eric all head to New York City, where Topanga has been offered a dream internship at a law firm. Angela decides to move overseas with her father, and Jack and Rachel join the Peace Corps in Guatemala. The final scene has Cory, Topanga, and Shawn having a final meeting with Mr. Feeny in their old sixth-grade classroom, along with Eric, with each", "id": "5933735" }, { "contents": "Tree Without Leaves\n\n\nThe Japanese title of the film means \"deciduous tree\", rather than \"tree without leaves\". The film is a voiced-over narrative describing the early boyhood of a narrator, who is also depicted as an old man. The narrator describes his relationship with his mother (played by Nobuko Otowa) and his father (played by Ichiro Zaitsu). His father's financial incompetence and idleness cause disaster for the boy's family. The boy's older brother and sisters all leave home, the older brother and older", "id": "10653485" }, { "contents": "Girl Meets World\n\n\nhistory teacher. Riley shares a strong relationship with her best friend Maya Hart, who assists her in learning to cope with the social and personal issues of adolescence. Several \"Boy Meets World\" cast members reprise their roles in the series. It has been several years since Cory and Topanga Matthews moved to New York City. The series follows their daughter, Riley Matthews, and her best friend, Maya Hart, as they navigate the challenges of life and school. Following along with them are their classmates Lucas Friar and Farkle", "id": "15469120" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\n. Cory tries at some points to begin a relationship with Topanga, but this is mostly because he does not want to be left out of the dating game. Sensing this, Topanga is wary of his advances, and despite the mutual attraction, the two do not date during this season. During the third season, Cory finally admits that he wants to ask out Topanga but cannot work up the courage to do it. Consequently, his best friend Shawn asks her out. Although Cory was hurt, he soon realized", "id": "5933718" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\n. A new student, Angela (Trina McGee), moves to Philadelphia and begins to date Shawn. Over winter break, the students go skiing on a school trip. Cory sprains his ankle and Lauren (Linda Cardellini), a ski-lodge employee, takes care of him. The two kiss, but Cory lies to Topanga. When Topanga finds out that he lied, they break up. Cory, upset about the break-up, gets drunk and is arrested, along with Shawn. The two agree never", "id": "5933725" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nnew Matthews baby, Joshua, is born prematurely and has a small chance of survival. Shawn receives a letter from his mother, confessing she is not his biological parent. Shawn unsuccessfully searches for his biological mother. Alan offers to adopt Shawn, but he decides that it was not necessary because Shawn knows that he is already part of the family. Shawn and Cory have challenges in their relationship throughout the season, including on the day of Cory's wedding. Shawn admits that he is no longer Cory's best friend and", "id": "5933732" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nCory and Shawn often bullied Minkus, the boys also looked to him for advice on girls and life, and Stuart was good friends with Topanga, later becoming a fierce rival, which carries over to this series. Making his return in \"Girl Meets Maya's Mother\", it is revealed that he is Farkle's father. He appears at Career Day at school, whereupon he instantly renews his rivalry with both Cory and Topanga, and is proud to mention his position as the CEO of Minkus International. In \"Girl", "id": "19447147" }, { "contents": "Boy's Life (novel)\n\n\nBruton, and promised a new bike. School finally gets out. Cory and his friends rush off to make plans for their summer. When Cory gets home, he discovers that he has received the promised bike from the Lady. The bike is new and has everything a boy could want, including what Cory believes is a golden eye in the headlamp. A few days later, Cory and his friends meet at the baseball field. A new boy in town, Nemo Curliss, watches them toss the ball for a time", "id": "8026281" }, { "contents": "Hey Brother\n\n\nboy thought of his father (who died in the Vietnam War) as the older brother he never had. It features two boys, the older played by Zach Voss and the younger boy played by Jack Estes. The end of the video shows Avicii walking through the grass while fireflies are flying around. A music video was also released for the Avicii by Avicii version on 9 April 2014 on Avicii's VEVO page. The video was directed by Nick Fung and Nate Olson and features clips from the Cartoon Hangover web-series", "id": "4277006" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nmuch longer than his counterparts, Harley and Joey, Frankie's character began his tenure on the show's second season as the \"enforcer\", torturing the other students, especially the seventh graders, including Cory and Shawn Hunter. Having realized the error of his ways along with longing for true friends, Frankie reforms into a much kinder person in season 3 and begins his friendship with Cory and Shawn. Afterwards, Frankie held Cory (and to a lesser extent, Shawn) with very high esteem, often turning to them", "id": "16748092" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nmake up for his first three years of slacking off in high school. He makes progress, but it is not enough; he is not accepted to any colleges or universities as of his high school graduation. He decides then to take a year off and figure things out, beginning with a summer road trip. After finding out in the season finale that Cory feels estranged from him, Eric invites Cory along for the ride. Shawn nearly makes several life-changing blunders this season, but Cory and then Mr. Turner help", "id": "5933720" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nhim to make the right choices. Cory endures several tests of character this season—everything from being credited for a great deed (which he did not deserve), to being insistently pursued by another girl while he is with Topanga. Sometimes Cory makes the right decision, and sometimes the wrong one, but he learns from each. The fourth season opens with Cory and Eric's return from their road trip. In this season, Eric finds himself confronted with life after high school. After having a couple of jobs and", "id": "5933721" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World\n\n\nsuspended but for only one day; the Dean (Bonnie Bartlett) believes that Stuart had crossed the line. Mr. Feeny and the Dean eventually gain feelings for one another and begin dating. Cory and Topanga face a major obstacle in their marriage plans when Topanga's parents go through a divorce, and she decides to call off the wedding. She breaks up with Cory completely and tells him that she doesn't believe in love. Topanga is convinced that she is doing what is best for herself and Cory until her mother comes", "id": "5933730" }, { "contents": "Boy Meets World (season 7)\n\n\nThe seventh and final season of the television comedy series \"Boy Meets World\" aired between September 24, 1999 and May 5, 2000, on ABC in the United States. The season was produced by Michael Jacobs Productions and Touchstone Television with series creator Michael Jacobs as executive producer. It was broadcast as part of the ABC comedy block TGIF on Friday evening, airing at 8:30 between \"The Hughleys\" and \"Sabrina, the Teenage Witch\". The storyline of Cory, Topanga, Shawn, and Eric moving to New", "id": "9350815" }, { "contents": "Trailer Park Boys\n\n\n's role as Cory's sidekick, as Jackson said he would not return to the show. In season eight, Cory explained that he and Trevor were exploring the world, but got separated on a subway train in New York City. In season 10, Bowles is credited as a director on some episodes. Barrie Dunn, who played Ricky's father Ray, was last involved with the franchise in the 2014 film , which served as a farewell to the character, as Dunn no longer wished to be on the show.", "id": "4532717" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nPittsburgh Part 1, her parents force her to move to Pittsburgh; but in part 2, she runs away from them back to Philadelphia to be with Cory. Her relationship with her parents became further apart after their divorce. Also starting in high school, her on-again/off-again relationship with Cory became one of the major elements of the show. Their relationship seems to mirror traditional high school sweethearts, dealing with normal boyfriend/girlfriend problems; such as Cory suffers indecision between Topanga and another girl named Lauren", "id": "16748055" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nHe has also gone on to become the superintendent of New York's public school system. Cory's daughter, Riley, sees him as an uncle figure as he has formed an even closer affinity with the Matthews family than before, visiting their home often. Though thankful for him being a good educator, Topanga holds a grudge against Turner because he gave her an A- in high school. He made another appearance in the episode \"Girl Meets Creativity\". Eli Williams (Alex Désert) was another teacher to Cory, Shawn", "id": "16748062" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nfather, but falls into brief relapse when placing a school bet. Chet continued to visit his sons at Pennbrook and began to reconcile with them before his death, leaving both Jack and Shawn devastated. Chet had Shawn live with Jack during Shawn's senior year in high school, effectively having Jack taking over the guardianship for Shawn from his father and Jonathan Turner until his half-brother's graduation, though Shawn eventually moved back in with him later. Like Eric and Cory Matthews, Jack and Shawn share a comical and somewhat", "id": "16748069" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\nschool in Austin. The reason for his expulsion involved sticking up for his friend Zay Babineaux after he got into trouble with some students. (August Maturo) is Riley's precocious young brother and Cory and Topanga's son. Auggie is very attached to his parents and sister, and wants to be like his father when he grows up. His neighbor, Ava Morgenstern, becomes Auggie's girlfriend, (Danielle Fishel) is Riley and Auggie's mother and Cory's wife. Topanga is Cory's high school girlfriend and they", "id": "19447133" }, { "contents": "Girl Meets World\n\n\nGirl Meets World is an American comedy television series created by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly that aired on Disney Channel from June 27, 2014 to January 20, 2017. The series is a spinoff of \"Boy Meets World\" and stars Rowan Blanchard, Ben Savage, Sabrina Carpenter, Peyton Meyer, August Maturo, Danielle Fishel, and Corey Fogelmanis. The series centers around the life of a young teen girl, Riley Matthews, and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which her father Cory is their", "id": "15469119" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World episodes\n\n\n\"Girl Meets World\" is an American comedy television series created by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly that aired on Disney Channel from June 27, 2014 to January 20, 2017. The series is a spinoff of \"Boy Meets World\" and stars Rowan Blanchard, Ben Savage, Sabrina Carpenter, Peyton Meyer, August Maturo, Danielle Fishel, and Corey Fogelmanis. The series centers around the life of Riley and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which Cory is their history teacher. Riley shares a strong", "id": "18333194" }, { "contents": "List of Girl Meets World characters\n\n\n\"Girl Meets World\" is an American comedy television series created by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly that aired on Disney Channel from June 27, 2014 to January 20, 2017. The series is a spinoff of \"Boy Meets World\" and stars Rowan Blanchard, Ben Savage, Sabrina Carpenter, Peyton Meyer, August Maturo, Danielle Fishel, and Corey Fogelmanis. The series centers around the life of Riley and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which her father Cory Matthews is their history teacher. Riley", "id": "19447122" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nHe makes his first appearance the episode \"Girl Meets Maya's Mother\" where he is revealed to be the doppelganger father of Farkle, one of Riley Matthews' best friends. He brags to Cory and Topanga that he has become a wealthy businessman who owns a helicopter. Despite being a married man, Stuart still longs for Topanga. His wife and Farkle's mother, Jennifer (Kristanna Loken) an ex-girlfriend of Shawn Hunter makes her first appearance in the second season. Jennifer appeared as the main antagonist in two", "id": "16748045" }, { "contents": "Growlanser II: The Sense of Justice\n\n\nthe previous game) and helped to save the world from the malevolent being Gevas during the last war. Before they can return to Burnstein, however, they meet up with a figure from Wein's past. When Wein was a young boy, he made friends with an older girl named Arieta, who taught him to play music. Wein, who had developed something of a crush on her, had to say good-bye to her under unusual circumstances. However, when he meets her again, she stills appears the", "id": "9474342" }, { "contents": "The Dragon's Familiar\n\n\nThe Dragon's Familiar is a fantasy novel by Lawrence Jeffrey Cohen. The novel tells the story of Cory Avalon, an orphan who is lured through an enchanted gateway disguised as a mirror, and ends up in the magical world of Abydonne. Cory meets Prince Taliesin of Caer Dathyl and is adopted by his father King Llewellyn, who makes Cory the apprentice of the royal wizard, Math the Ancient. Early in his apprenticeship, Cory casts a spell to summon and bond with a familiar, and a young golden dragon named Benythonne", "id": "12605418" }, { "contents": "Cory Schneider\n\n\nholds a Swiss citizenship. Schneider was born to Susan and Richard Schneider in Marblehead, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. Schneider started training with his goalie coach, Brian Daccord, at age 15, who now owns Stop It Goaltending, a company of which currently Schneider owns a small percentage. He began playing hockey around the age of six, trying out for the same team as his older brother, Geoff. He did not become a regular goaltender until the age of 11, as the Marblehead Youth Hockey teams he played", "id": "11392362" }, { "contents": "Cory Hardrict\n\n\n, he played the older brother June, who takes care of his family by any means necessary, in the film \"Brotherly Love\" alongside Keke Palmer and Eric D. Hill Jr. In 2017, he played Jacques Agnant in the Tupac Shakur biopic titled \"All Eyez on Me\", alongside Demetrius Shipp Jr., Danai Gurira and Money-B. After dating for six years, Hardrict and actress Tia Mowry were engaged on Christmas Day 2006. They married on April 20, 2008 in Santa Barbara, California. In 2011, Mowry", "id": "18698272" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\na big production about the fact that he does not want to do it, and how unnecessary he finds it; whereas Shawn will just not do it, preferring to fall asleep or make paper airplanes. During the junior and senior years in high school, Cory becomes a hard working student, able to raise his GPA in addition earning an adequate SAT score to get accepted into colleges. As the series progresses, Cory's \"slacker\" tendencies diminish, and his neuroses increase, along with his pessimism and paranoia. This", "id": "16748014" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nguide young Cory, Shawn, and their friends as they encounter problems in their lives on their road to adulthood. He first appears on the show as their grade-school teacher. He eventually becomes their high school principal, and lastly college professor (teaching such diverse courses as archaeology, English literature, and quantum physics). Cory mentions more than once that Feeny is the only teacher he has ever had since kindergarten. Later on in the show, Mr. Feeny becomes the mentor and idol of Eric Matthews. Feeny is", "id": "16748018" }, { "contents": "List of Boy Meets World characters\n\n\nhe still needs to take care of the Hunter clan. Shawn is a ladies' man, a trait which Cory is constantly envious of. However, Shawn is jealous of Cory's close, long-term relationship with Topanga. Later in the series, Shawn falls in love with a girl named Angela. They have a tempestuous relationship, but genuinely care for each other. Angela eventually leaves as well, to travel with her military father. In the episode \"Fraternity Row\" it is revealed that during high school Shawn", "id": "16748039" } ]

[ { "contents": "Famous (Puddle of Mudd song)\n\n\n\"Famous\" is the title track and first single on the fourth studio album by post-grunge band Puddle of Mudd. The song was sent out to rock radio on May 11, 2007 and was officially released on May 21. In the song, lead singer Wes Scantlin, sings about wanting to be famous, for the perks that come along with that life. It has drawn comparisons to Nickelback's \"Rockstar\" because \"Rockstar\" is also about wanting to achieve celebrity status. The song has also featured in", "id": "19031955" }, { "contents": "Rockstar San Diego\n\n\n, who co-founded Rockstar Games—over a shared love for tequila. Rockstar Games initially presented an offer that Angel considered to be a lowball, because of which he never replied to the inquiry. When Rockstar Games presented a different offer that Angel stated he could not refuse. A key factor for the acquisition for both parties was the successful partnerships the companies had in the preceding three years. Angel also felt that Rockstar Games was willing to give the studio the freedom he wanted. On the other hand, Rockstar Games", "id": "20291141" }, { "contents": "List of Eat Bulaga! segments\n\n\n\" host Mitoy Yonting who made it to the grand finals. It is one of the several \"Rockstar II Sing-alike\" singing contests that ran on EB from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s featuring several Rockstar 2 songs. It is a wire loop game contest sponsored by the noodle brand \"Royco\". Contestants must successfully guide the metal loop along the electric wire that is shaped to the \"Royco\" word. If the contestants touched the metal loop within the wire, it will emit a sound, and the", "id": "9702136" }, { "contents": "Tamasha (soundtrack)\n\n\n, contemporary form in the city that is westernized and so is the music. The sounds in the song \"Matargashti\" and the instrumental track \"Parade De La Bastille\" are inspired by European Dance Music genre when the music parade is travelling to Corsica. For the track \"Matargashti\", Rahman wanted Mohit Chauhan to sing at a higher pitch when compared to his singing for the former's \"Rockstar\". The song \"Heer Toh Badi Sad Hain\" belongs to the bhangra genre. This track was written in the", "id": "4563067" }, { "contents": "Dappy\n\n\naudience. I don't think there's any shame in trying to write music that will be recognised by people I admire. Bono. I have big goals. I want to have two #1 singles back-to-back as a solo artist.\" Dappy soon succeeded, gaining praise from Queen guitarist Brian May, who was \"impressed\" with \"No Regrets\". As a result, Dappy invited May for a guest stint on his second single, which co-incidentally was titled \"Rockstar\". \"", "id": "22064300" }, { "contents": "Te Lo Agradezco, Pero No\n\n\n's \"Fijación Oral, Vol. 1\" (2005). Sanz stated, \"I hadn't dared ask her if she wanted to do something with me, because it was a little like, 'I sing with you, now sing with me'. Plus, we didn't want it to be 'La Tortura 2' because we're very considerate of each other. She's the one who came and said, 'Hey, I want to sing'.\" He concluded the interview by saying that", "id": "19947801" }, { "contents": "Break Free (song)\n\n\nduring which he talked about \"Break Free\", Zedd spoke about wanting to collaborate with Grande after hearing her voice for the first time at a Universal showcase. He said, \"I was backstage and I heard someone sing. And I didn't know who it was, and I just said 'I want to make a song with whoever is singing right now.' I didn't know who it was, and it turned out being her. And luckily, now there's a song!\" Grande first spoke", "id": "7173775" }, { "contents": "Justin Bieber\n\n\n\" magazine that he doesn't want to sing about sex, drugs and swearing. He stated \"I want to do it at my own pace. I don't want to start singing about things like sex, drugs and swearing. I'm into love, and maybe I'll get more into making love when I'm older. But I want to be someone who is respected by everybody.\" But since then, Bieber gradually altered his artistry, with Peter Gicas of \"E! Online\" describing \"PYD\"", "id": "19165588" }, { "contents": "Switch (Iggy Azalea song)\n\n\nshe wanted to think outside the box. In a radio interview with Zach Sang, Azalea discussed the track, adding: \"I couldn’t think of who should sing on this song with me because I just really wanted to bring another female energy. I didn’t really have any female collaborations yet on my album and I think people really enjoy me collaborating with other women and I wanted to make sure that I still did that.\" She continued talking, saying that a friend of hers suggested Anitta to sing the chorus", "id": "3611125" }, { "contents": "Loveeeeeee Song\n\n\nprogramming was carried out by Future who appears as courtesy of Epic Records. The song starts with Future \"slow-rolling track singing in his computerized drawl\" the lyrics, \"I don't want to give you the wrong impression, I need love and affection\" and croons before Rihanna starts singing, \"I want you now, I want you now.\" It ends with him saying \"L O V E E E and affection\". The song was composed in the key of B♭major and set in", "id": "8477245" }, { "contents": "Mama, I Want to Sing! (musical)\n\n\nWant to Sing, The Whole Story\", a combination show featuring the storylines and music from both the shows, premiered in a 10-week tour in Japan. The 2011 adaptation of \"Mama, I Want to Sing!\" is inspired by the stage play and features brand new music. The story revolves around Amara Winter who enters the pop music scene, causing conflict with her mother. She learns to pursue her dreams while both navigating the often treacherous celebrity world and trying to remain true to herself and her family. The", "id": "4155399" }, { "contents": "JoJo (album)\n\n\nthe album's composition, JoJo stated, \"I wrote three songs on the album. I am not the [kind of] person who sings something that I have no reference point to. I feel like I am a real artist and I want to be able to feel what I am singing about. So when I sing, \"Leave (Get Out),\" I have been through that. I think it is just a new generation, whether people are ready for it or not. Teenagers are dating.", "id": "3904985" }, { "contents": "Annie Lederman\n\n\nhave fun and be drunk,\" she recalled. \"I wanted a fucking break. I hated myself. I just didn't want to be near myself.\" In 2009, Lederman relocated to New York City to pursue a career in comedy, and became sober. Lederman created the YouTube channel Sausage Party Presents with video artist Abbey Luck in 2011. In 2013, Lederman provided the voice of Cheryl in the Rockstar video game \"Grand Theft Auto V\". In 2018, her comedy routine about dental floss has been", "id": "8802419" }, { "contents": "Billy Paul\n\n\nthem... I wanted to sing silky, like butter – mellow. I wanted to sing mellow you know what I mean. One of my favorites is Jessie Velvet – they used to call him Mr. Easy. A lot of people forgot about him you know – Sam Cooke is another one of my favorites.\" Paul explained why he was particularly influenced by female jazz singers: \"I think the reason behind that is because of my high range. The male singers who had the same range I did, when I was", "id": "4949137" }, { "contents": "The Beatles (TV series)\n\n\n. Sing Alongs: A Hard Day's Night / I Want To Hold Your Hand 3. Please Mr. Postman / Devil In Her Heart: Ringo loses 15 rings he bought with all of the Beatles' spendings and they are expecting a telegram from manager Brian Epstein for more money; Ringo wanders into the woods in Transylvania where he meets a witch who wants Ringo for a husband. Sing Alongs: If I Fell / Do You Want To Know A Secret 4. Not A Second Time / Slow Down: The Beatles abandon", "id": "1426324" }, { "contents": "J Balvin\n\n\nfrequently collaborating with English-speaking artists, J Balvin plans to only sing in Spanish. His goal is to make reggaeton a globally popular genre without having to sing in English to attain crossover success. He explains, \"I want to keep making history in Spanish. I want to invite the mainstream into my world, and to my sound, and to what I’m doing. And I want mainstream artists to respect me, and accept Latino artists as equals, without us having to sing in English. I want them", "id": "2827577" }, { "contents": "Tudo Outra Vez\n\n\nFantine, who sings, \"We have gone through so many challenges, but from these ashes I will survive.\" While Patrícia sings the chorus, \"But I do not give up I still want to be who I am, there's no such sensation.\" The second part is sung by Aline, \"Sweaty body, closed time, head held high and feet on the ground.\" The singer still completes, \"Good to meet you again,\" and Fantine completes, \"I would do it all", "id": "6509047" }, { "contents": "Back to the Night\n\n\nPete Gage: \"The problem is, I don't want to be a singer ... I want to be a songwriter, I just want to write songs, but I want other people to sing the songs.\" The making of the album was a difficult experience for Gage. He had been hired by Mike Stone, an American promoter, who was then acting as Armatrading's manager. Stone described Armatrading as being \"very difficult\" following the departure of Pam Nestor, but nevertheless having \"immense talent\". Gage", "id": "22052940" }, { "contents": "Rockstar 101\n\n\nn't give a fuck\", it sounded as though she had never sworn before due to how she preciously mewls the word 'fuck'. \"Rockstar 101\" received mixed responses from music critics. Brian Linder for IGN praised the song, writing that it \"actually works\" despite sounding disjointed at first. Emily Tartanella of PopMatters defined \"Rockstar 101\" as a \"brilliant bit of bravado\" during her review of \"Rated R\", while Ailbhe Malone for \"NME\" wrote that Rihanna sings with \"swagger\"", "id": "16981945" }, { "contents": "Jar of Hearts\n\n\nnow wants to rekindle a failed romance. Lyrically the ballad revolves around an ex of Perri's, who sings personal lyrics. In a blog by the artist, Perri described that the song came from true experiences, stating \"I wrote the song after I went home to Philadelphia for the holiday last December. I sat in my childhood bedroom and hid from the boy (with the jar of hearts) who wanted to see me. My heart wanted to see him, my head knew better. I couldn't take one", "id": "1578747" }, { "contents": "Rockstar (drink)\n\n\nthey don't want it, we'll donate it to Project Open Hand.\" Rockstar CFO Janet Weiner had stepped down from her role as CFO of Savage Productions \"as an apparent statement of solidarity with equality advocates\" which had not been requested as part of the agreement. Rockstar, saying that the \"truthaboutrockstarenergydrink.com\" domain name was registered and used in bad faith, obtained control of that site under a decision from the National Arbitration Forum. Rockstar products in the US have two levels of Caffeine content - either 10 mg", "id": "19187187" }, { "contents": "Who's Singin' Over There?\n\n\nI'm miserable, I was born that way, I sing to sing my pain away... dear Mama, I wish this was just a dream.\" Near the end of the film, they are accused of stealing the veteran's wallet, and during the ensuing scuffle the bus is bombed. The musicians are the only survivors, and after they crawl out of the wreckage, the movie ends with them singing their song. Centar Film, the state-owned production house, wanted to make Dušan Kovačević's script into", "id": "18492470" }, { "contents": "More Issues Than Vogue\n\n\ncharted at number 32 on the UK R&B Albums Chart. The album was met with critical acclaim, earning a score of 80 out of 100 on Metacritic. K. Michelle revealed on the second season of her show, \"\" and in an interview with \"Billboard\" on January 25, 2016, that she wanted to release her next album without it being an urban sound. \"I want to be able to sing what I want, If I want to be able to sing country, I want to be able to", "id": "1905588" }, { "contents": "Rockstar New England\n\n\nexecutive producer, Sam Houser, stated: \"The team at Mad Doc Software is extremely talented, [...] [b]ringing them within the Rockstar Games family will enhance our core technology and further support our commitment to creating progressive and innovative gaming experiences.\" On June 24, 2009, Brian Ashcraft of \"Kotaku\" reported that Rockstar New England had laid off approximately 10% of its staff, including the studio's entire quality assurance department. According to the report, the decision was made because Rockstar Games wanted to avoid", "id": "12825030" }, { "contents": "Sertab Erener\n\n\nculture. Erener responded to the criticism by saying: \"It has to be in English to comply with world standards. Half of the world listens to English music, why should they not listen to a Turkish artist who sings in English? [...] People do not understand Turkish. If we find it difficult [to sing a suitable song] in our own language, why should we? When TRT asked me to write a song, I gave them my conditions. I said 'I want to sing the song", "id": "8844754" }, { "contents": "Orlando, Florida\n\n\nthrills in a small space with roller coasters like White Lightning and Freedom Flyer in Orlando and Mine Blower and Rockstar Coaster in Kissimmee. Orlando is also home to I-Drive 360 on International Drive home to The Wheel at ICON Park Orlando, Madame Tussauds, and Sealife Aquarium. Orlando attractions also appeal to many locals who want to enjoy themselves close to home. The convention industry is also critical to the region's economy. The Orange County Convention Center, expanded in 2004 to over two million square feet (200,000 m)", "id": "13126744" }, { "contents": "John Entwistle\n\n\ndestroying his instruments until after he had witnessed the Who's \"auto-destructive art\". Entwistle's wry and sometimes dark sense of humour clashed at times with Townshend's more introspective, intellectual work. Although he wrote songs on every Who album except for \"Quadrophenia\", he was frustrated at Townshend not allowing him to sing them himself. As he said, \"I got a couple [of songs] on per album but my problem was that I wanted to sing the songs and not let Roger sing them.", "id": "1453913" }, { "contents": "Stanford Talisman\n\n\n. Well, good luck with that.' I walked away to the Tresidder Parking Lot and was justing thinking, 'Okay, here.' I was humming this song, N'kayalamakawa, this African song that I loved. I was thinking about the music that I wanted to sing, the stories and music from around the world. I thought, 'I know this music can exist on campus. If I can just find people who would sing this, we could do something big.' I looked back at Braun", "id": "13269116" }, { "contents": "Jenna Mammina\n\n\nwith \"air-brushed phrasings and silky nuance\", and less flatteringly, as \"tiny, thinnish, high-pitched\". Mammina says of her style: \"I don't want to categorize the music. It's not that I don't know who I am. I don't sing classical, and I'm not a soul singer, or an R&B singer, but I have been influenced by that stuff too. I can sing a Patsy Cline tune, a James Taylor tune, or a Led Zeppelin", "id": "10142283" }, { "contents": "Mama, I Want to Sing! (musical)\n\n\nthe black church experience along with a universal message for anyone with a dream.\" Currently, \"Mama, I Want to Sing!\" has played 2,500 performances in New York and another 1,000 performances throughout the United States, Europe, and Japan. It has been performed in front of thousands of people, and is the longest running black off-Broadway musical in American history. On January 7, 1985, \"Time\" magazine named \"Mama, I Want to Sing!\" one of the ten \"Best of", "id": "4155394" }, { "contents": "Mama, I Want to Sing! (film)\n\n\nMama, I Want to Sing! is an American musical film written and directed by Charles Randolph-Wright, produced by Vision Films and CodeBlack Entertainment, and distributed by 20th Century Fox's Fox Faith division. The film is an adaptation of the off-Broadway gospel stage musical of the same name, written and produced by Vy Higginsen and Ken Wydro. The film is based on the life story of Higginson's sister, Doris Troy, a preacher's daughter who sang in a church choir before being discovered by James Brown", "id": "19512987" }, { "contents": "Free & Easy (Ayumi Hamasaki song)\n\n\nother words, I want to be a person who lives by taking responsibility for my own freedom, and I want to be a person for whom these words are perfectly applicable.\" The song opens with an eastern flute, and Hamasaki sings the verses with a light and airy vocal. As the song progresses, she starts singing with an aggressive tone over a horn accompanied melody. You can also recognize a certain similarity between the title \"No Amen\" from \"The Messenger- Story of Joan of Arc\" soundtrack in the", "id": "20966237" }, { "contents": "Volatile Times (song)\n\n\nwhat this video is yet. It was the first video from this album that I was not in control of. I wanted to just walk into the shoot like a careless rockstar and feel the music. We shot over two days and the chaos increased over that time. By the end Janine Gezang [live keyboards/bass, vocals] was the demonic blood soaked sex nun floating in a swimming pool and I was the drunken, crying Hersheys chocolate syrup monster in the white room of an asylum. You get the picture", "id": "11727217" }, { "contents": "Eddi Reader\n\n\nthe re-opening of the new Scottish Parliament building, where she was presented to Queen Elizabeth II. She has described the experience: \"I was honoured to sing at the opening of the parliament although I almost didn’t get to. I wanted to sing ‘Auld Lang Syne' as I thought that would have been perfect for the politicians with everyone shaking hands but they wanted me to sing it in 'F’ key and that wasn't the key for me so I told them I wasn't doing it.", "id": "7618394" }, { "contents": "I Wouldn't Want to Be Like You\n\n\n\"I Wouldn't Want to Be Like You\" is a song by the British progressive rock band The Alan Parsons Project, featured on their 1977 album \"I Robot\". Written by band leaders Alan Parsons and Eric Woolfson, \"I Wouldn't Want to Be Like You\" was sung by pop singer Lenny Zakatek, who would go on to sing many of the band's songs. In the United States, the song was a moderate success and charted at #36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In", "id": "1264114" }, { "contents": "Phil Keaggy\n\n\nthe project and asked that it be an instrumental album: \"it's the oddest thing...to me, hymns should be really sung. I had a conflict with it because, here I am, I can sing, and yet they didn't want me to sing...I offered--I went to management about it and it was pretty much, \"No, don't do that. That's not want they want.\" \"Hymnsongs\" would be Keaggy's last album with Word Records. That same year", "id": "8098757" }, { "contents": "I Am (Elisa Fiorillo album)\n\n\n\" album, \"\"I went in with a different attitude and I came out with what I wanted. They didn't want me to sing R&B because they didn't have a department for that kind of music. I said, \"I don't care, that's what I want, that's what I sing. I'm going to make the record anyway - you guys are gonna have to get an R&B department.\"\" The album was released via Chrysalis Records in America and in certain European countries", "id": "22129180" }, { "contents": "Mama, I Want to Sing! (musical)\n\n\n'84\" theater performances. On January 20, 1986, the show hit its 1000th performance milestone. On February 1–6, 1994, \"Mama, I Want to Sing!\" played to 40,000 at the Paramount Theater at Madison Square Garden. In 2003–04, \"Mama, I Want to Sing!\" celebrated its 20th anniversary at the Williams Institute C.M.E. Baptist Church in Harlem, formerly the Lafayette Theater. 2011 saw the release of the long-awaited premiere of the film adaptation of the musical by 20th Century Fox.", "id": "4155395" }, { "contents": "Mama, I Want to Sing! (musical)\n\n\nhad previously been closed for 15 years. Vy envisioned her audience as being \"senior citizens, church groups, school children, and hard-working black mothers and fathers who had spiritual values and loved soul-stirring music.\" \"Mama, I Want to Sing!\" opened on March 23, 1983, on a very tight budget; however, word of mouth throughout the black community spread the news about the work. Audiences flocked to see the musical, which \"presented the passion, spontaneity and emotional uplift of", "id": "4155393" }, { "contents": "Jason Ricci\n\n\npunk, and as a guy who didn't come from total poverty, and all those things that we associate with being 'blues' things. And when I did that, I wanted to sing about that. I wanted to write songs about what my life was like, and I wanted to use terminology that was modern. Ricci's openness with being gay has occasionally been a difficult issue in the traditionally conservative blues world, as he's been \"disinvited\" from a number of venues and events. Jason Ricci married", "id": "18458670" }, { "contents": "The Alchemist (musician)\n\n\nWoody Jackson to score the original score for the highly anticipated game, Grand Theft Auto V by Rockstar Games. The Alchemist and fellow rapper Evidence have performed as the duo Step Brothers. Their debut album was announced to be titled \"Lord Steppington\" and released on the Rhymesayers Entertainment label. Talking about the album in 2010, Alchemist said, \"I wanna create a sound for it. I don't want Step Brothers songs to sound like it could've been a Dilated Peoples song, or an Evidence song, that I", "id": "4184171" }, { "contents": "Streets of Fire\n\n\nHe was used to working with actors who had experience like Nick Nolte or David Carradine. I've always wondered why Walter has never wanted to work with me again. I think he was too much of gentlemen to tell me that I was too needy at the time. E.G. Daily who played Baby Doll says it was \"a very frustrating thing for me\" to not sing in the film \"Because Diane Lane was singing, and I remember thinking, “Ah!” It was so frustrating for me. It was", "id": "18438980" }, { "contents": "Rumours (Glee)\n\n\nis already mad about seeing Quinn with Sam. They confront each other, then sing a barbed version of the duet \"I Don't Want to Know\" as their glee club assignment. Quinn then gives an ultimatum: if Finn wants their relationship to continue, he cannot sing any more duets with Rachel. Rachel has other ideas, and later sings \"Go Your Own Way\" to Finn, who accompanies her on the drums. Some sharp accusations are thrown before Sam bitterly reveals that he was at the motel because", "id": "5008422" }, { "contents": "Dennis Brown\n\n\nhour he would give it away.\" Brown said of his approach to songwriting in the late 1990s: \"When I write a song I try to follow Joseph's way - deliverance through vision from all - true vibration. I want to be a shepherd in my work, teaching and learning, really singing so much. I don't want to sing and not live it. I must live it. If I can sing songs that people can watch me living, then they can take my work\" Brown's 1994", "id": "4191726" }, { "contents": "Extraordinary Merry Christmas\n\n\nto sing at a homeless shelter where she will be volunteering to distract her from the first Christmas without her sister Jean, who died earlier in the year. Finn (Cory Monteith) tells Rachel (Lea Michele) that all he wants for Christmas is her. Rachel (Lea Michele) replies that he is also all she wants, but gives Finn (Cory Monteith) a long list of Christmas present suggestions. Her dialogue, \"All I want is what I have coming to me. All I want is my fair", "id": "6135390" }, { "contents": "Government Hooker\n\n\nthemes of female sexual empowerment. \"Government Hooker\" begins as Gaga sings in a dramatic, operatic style—backed by industrial synthesizers—before progressing to a Gregorian chant. The song then descends into the chorus: \"I can be good / I can be sex / I can be anything / I can be everything / I can be mom.\" A supporting male vocalist responds, \"Unless you want to be man / Unless you want to hold hands / Unless you want to be dad\". After Gaga sings", "id": "2542087" }, { "contents": "I Want You (Janet Jackson song)\n\n\nto her and that she can sing with conviction. That's why there's so much passion in this \"I Want You\" record, that's where she's at in her life right now.\" West first collaborated with Jackson several months prior to the release of his debut album, \"The College Dropout\" (2004). West stated, \"I don't want to talk about it before it comes out, but it'll be unbelievable.\" John Legend, who co-wrote the track, also", "id": "11881547" }, { "contents": "I Want to Be Your Man\n\n\n\"I Want to Be Your Man\" is a song by American funk singer-songwriter Roger Troutman, from his third studio album \"Unlimited!\". It was released as the lead single from the album in 1987 by Reprise Records. The song was co-written by Roger's brother, Larry Troutman, and produced by Roger, who conceived of the song as a statement on romantic commitment. \"I Want to Be Your Man\" features Roger singing in both his natural tenor and his trademark talk box. The", "id": "20859108" }, { "contents": "Favorite Song\n\n\nchorus, she sings: “I want to be your favorite song/ You can turn it up/ Turn me on all night long/ I want to be your favorite song/ La-la-la-la, la-la-la / I want to be your melody/ Going through your head when you think of me/ I want to be your favorite song/ La-la-la-la.” Meanwhile, Common’s lyrics are softhearted as he tries his hand at crooning. “Girl the songs you sing / They my", "id": "12097099" }, { "contents": "Desperado (Eagles song)\n\n\n's friend from his former band Shiloh, who also wrote and arranged the strings for the song. According to Henley, he was given only four or five takes to record the song by the producer Glyn Johns who wanted to record the album quickly and economically. Henley felt intimidated by the large orchestra, and would later express regret that he did not sing as well as he could. He said: \"I didn't sing my best ... I wish I could have done that song again.\" \"Desperado\" is", "id": "2519735" }, { "contents": "Nicole Scherzinger\n\n\nwas singing. I was the one singing.\" Scherzinger is also a vocal supporter of gay rights and became a gay icon. Scherzinger's popularity within the gay community increased due to her work with the Pussycat Dolls. One of the songs written by Scherzinger, \"I Don't Need a Man\", was dedicated to all of her gay fans. She explained: \"Whoever I could inspire, I wanted to inspire them. It's about the messages of empowerment and loving yourself for who you are.\" Scherzinger", "id": "1820858" }, { "contents": "Ruben Studdard\n\n\nwho had long been compared to Luther Vandross, released a tribute album, \"Ruben Sings Luther\", on the SEG Music label. He supported the album with the Always & Forever national tour. In an interview with People Magazine, Studdard said that, “Since I won \"American Idol\", people have been asking for me to sing Luther songs for a long time. I thought, ‘OK. You want to hear it? I might as well do it. I thought it was the perfect time to", "id": "21795853" }, { "contents": "Glory (EP)\n\n\nto try and write songs that were more traditional and structured,\" as she felt it was challenging for her and harder than just to do whatever she felt like, \"I wanted to try and make an EP where I had other people sing hooks, because I can’t sing. I wanted to see if I can make these kinds of records well.\" She also defended her decision of wanting to release the project for free: \"I just think that when you're doing albums and stuff like that, you", "id": "8808425" }, { "contents": "Rockstar (2011 film)\n\n\n5 and wrote, \"\"Rockstar\" is a simple, unspectacular tale, sometimes even predictable, but director Imtiaz Ali masterfully weaves in details that draw us in.\" Aniruddha Guha of \"DNA\" too gave the film 4 out of 5 saying that the film was \"like an effective crescendo that leaves you wanting more.\" Nikhat Kazmi of \"The Times of India\" also gave the film 4 out of 5 and stated that \"The highpoint of Rockstar is it's high tension, high-on-passion", "id": "17479629" }, { "contents": "Alex Perelson\n\n\nto skate when you are that old, but hopefully I can do it. I want to keep skating for as long as I can. In July 2009, at the Maloof Money Cup presented by Monster Energy Drink in Costa Mesa, California, he became the 4th person ever to pull the 900. He won $75,000 and did the 900 to secure his number one spot in the vert competition. Perelson's skateboarding sponsorship now includes Vans, Rockstar Energy Drink, Protec, Bronson Speed Co., Thunder Trucks, Spitfire Wheels", "id": "6249657" }, { "contents": "Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?\n\n\nsongs [record producer] Voyle Gilmore...played a bunch of standards [then] said: 'I want to play you a really pretty French song...it won't mean nothing and you won't do it in the album but I just thought I'd play it for you' and he played 'I Wish You Love'. So, at the end of him playing all these songs...I said: 'Babe, I'll sing any 11 songs y'all want me to but I want to sing '", "id": "11635058" }, { "contents": "Rockstar Vienna\n\n\nNorth's 2003 game \"Manhunt\". After Rockstar Vienna closed down, all development of the game was moved to Rockstar London, where it was finished. After the game was released as \"Manhunt 2\" in October 2007, Horneman, who acted as level designer and producer on the game while employed at Rockstar Vienna, noticed that the game's credits omitted all people who worked on the game as part of Rockstar Vienna, namely over 55 people. Horneman stated \"the majority of the work we did at Rockstar Vienna", "id": "1501558" }, { "contents": "Rockstar San Diego\n\n\n, gained strong interest in the studio, wanting to use the parties' combined expertise to develop what would become \"Midnight Club\" and \"Smuggler's Run\". The company also worked on a sequel to Bungie West's 2001 game \"Oni\", owned by Rockstar Games' parent company, Take-Two Interactive. Titled \"Oni 2: Death & Taxes\", the game's production was halted for unknown reasons. Early in the two companies' shared history, in a November 2000 interview, Rockstar Games'", "id": "20291139" }, { "contents": "Rockstar Vancouver\n\n\n' creative director, Dan Houser, anticipated \"Max Payne 3\" to release by 2012, and in January 2012, Rockstar Games announced the final release date of May 2012. At that point, Houser explained that they chose for Rockstar Vancouver to develop \"Max Payne 3\" instead of a sequel to \"Bully\", due to what he described as \"limited bandwidth\"—more games they want to make than they are able to make. Upon release, the game was met with perfect to near-perfect reviews, and received", "id": "4729334" }, { "contents": "Manhunt (video game series)\n\n\nthat game. It was Rockstar North's pet project - most of us at Rockstar Games wanted no part of it. We'd already weathered plenty of controversy over \"GTA III\" and \"Vice City\" - we were no strangers to it - but \"Manhunt\" felt different. With \"GTA\", we always had the excuse that the gameplay was untethered - you never had to hurt anybody that wasn't a \"bad guy\" in one of the missions. You could play completely ethically if you wanted,", "id": "7466094" }, { "contents": "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt)\n\n\n\"All I Ever Wanted\" is a song from the 1998 DreamWorks animated feature \"The Prince of Egypt\". It is sung by Moses (singing voice of Amick Byram) after discovering that he is adopted, which results in him questioning his Egyptian identity and his Hebrew heritage. It is reprised shortly after by the Queen (Linda Dee Shayne), who reassures him of his place in their family. Both songs are collectively referred to as \"All I Ever Wanted (With Queen's Reprise)\" on the film", "id": "3282338" }, { "contents": "Bill Nye the Science Guy\n\n\nElfman and Oingo Boingo when composing the theme and used his voice for singing the \"Bill Nye the Science Guy\" refrain. \"I used my voice for the first demo to send to the producers, Jim and Erren,\" he said. \"After they approved it, I hired singers because I wanted to make it better. I hired a guy to sing it who sounded pretty cool. He had like a rock‑and‑roll kind of voice, so it sounded pretty slick. Then as another option, I hired a girl", "id": "16356670" }, { "contents": "Helen Shapiro\n\n\n) as guitarist. At 13 she started singing lessons at \"The Maurice Burman School of Modern Pop Singing\", based in London's Baker Street, after the school produced singing star Alma Cogan. \"I had always wanted to be a singer. I had no desire to slavishly follow Alma's style, but chose the school merely because of Alma's success\", she said in a 1962 interview. Burman's connections included John Schroeder, a young songwriter and A&R man of EMI's Columbia Records, who recorded a", "id": "16582363" }, { "contents": "Rockstar 101\n\n\nWeekly\". Rihanna uses her lower register and \"heavy\" modulation to perform the most of the song, and she \"growls\" the lyric \"The only thing I'm missing is a black guitar\". Rihanna \"struts her stuff\" as she insists that she is a \"big shit talker\" as she proclaims that \"I'll never play a victim/ I'd rather be a stalker\". Sean Fennessey for \"Spin\" thought that when Rihanna sings the line \"Got my middle finger up, I do", "id": "16981944" }, { "contents": "Truth & Soul\n\n\ndon't sell sex. Now I feel I have become more honest about who I am and I actually don't care what people think. I want to sing and talk about sex and love and dreams and death and these songs let me do it. I want to feel good, like anyone.\" Walker performed \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\" and \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" for Radio New Zealand on April 16. He later sung \"I Got a Woman\" and \"Endless", "id": "21833347" }, { "contents": "List of Eat Bulaga! segments\n\n\n. One notable contestant is actress Alice Dixson. The dance contest serves as a promotional segment for the song \"Rico Mambo\" by American group Breakfast Club after its release in 1984. It is a rock band competition sponsored by the shampoo brand \"Gard\". The segment is a talent contest for pairs who can sing like the Filipino duo called Rockstar 2. The contestant must sing its 1996 soft rock song \"Bakit?\". One notable contestant of the contest is singer, comedian, and former \"Eat Bulaga!", "id": "9702135" }, { "contents": "Bully (video game)\n\n\ninitially befriends Jimmy. Gary is described as a sociopath. He admits that he suffers from attention-deficit disorder and is a narcissist, as he considers himself smarter and better than everyone, and wants to run the school. On 19 July 2007, Rockstar announced that a remaster would be released for the Wii and Xbox 360, subtitled \"Scholarship Edition\". Rockstar New England, then called Mad Doc Software, led development with the Xbox 360 version while Rockstar Toronto ported it to the Wii. The Wii and Xbox 360", "id": "10294145" }, { "contents": "The Woman who Sings\n\n\n. Conflicts with her husband and the eventual divorce unsettle the woman. But even in a stressful condition, she does not want to give up her favorite work, continuing to sing and make her way to fame. When Anna reads a poem titled \"The Woman I Love\", she feels that it would make a good song. Later she meets the poem's author, Andrei, who advises her to change the lyrics to \"The Woman who Sings\". Even before this Anna's career begins establishing and she starts", "id": "5436748" }, { "contents": "Whitney Houston\n\n\nthe world\". Brandy stated, \"The first Whitney Houston CD was genius. That CD introduced the world to her angelic yet powerful voice. Without Whitney, half of this generation of singers wouldn't be singing.\" Kelly Rowland, in an \"Ebony\" feature article celebrating black music in June 2006, recalled that \"[I] wanted to be a singer after I saw Whitney Houston on TV singing 'Greatest Love of All'. I wanted to sing like Whitney Houston in that red dress.\" She", "id": "15232544" }, { "contents": "Coke Studio Pakistan (season 8)\n\n\n2), after six years of a gap from the show. The song received highly critical acclaims for its variation in vocals, jazzy tune and freedom of lyrics and was praised by Many media celebrities and personalities including Hritik Roshan, Mahira Khan, Fahad Mustafa, Imran Khan and Adnan Sami. On the success of \"Rockstar\" Ali stated that, \"I partly lead the rockstar life I've made fun of.\" He explains that, \"The lyrics of the song remind me of how I used to perceive rockstars", "id": "11518377" }, { "contents": "I Want Out\n\n\n\"I Want Out\" is a song by the German power metal band Helloween from the album \"Keeper of the Seven Keys, Pt. 2\", that was released as a single in 1988. It was written by Kai Hansen, who said in an interview that it was a hint of him really wanting \"out\" of the band. Musically, the song is characterised by a recognisable introduction and Michael Kiske's trademark high pitched singing in the chorus. It is also punk-influenced (especially the rebellious lyrics", "id": "8857838" }, { "contents": "Marie Daulne\n\n\nremembered Sylvie Nawasadio because we used to sing together on the train going to school,\" says Daulne. \"I met her again at the university in Brussels, studying sociology and anthropology. I asked her if she wanted to be a part of a cultural singing group. And Sabine [Kabongo] is, like me, a mixture–Zairean and Belgian. After her, I held an audition, and discovered Marie Alfonso, who’s Portuguese and white. Then came Sally Nyolo and the first concert, in November 1989", "id": "12493072" }, { "contents": "The Music of Ooo\n\n\ncalled \"Emo\"? Or… what does Hoobastank sound like? Uhh, I don’t know. Who cares. I’m old now and I don’t remember anything. [...] In the end I didn’t want to sing the final version, so Pen did the singing in the show. He did more of a Blink 182 style thing. Blink 182? Is that right? Only two songs represent the show's second season: \"Susan Strong\" and \"Friends\". \"Friends\", sung", "id": "17829840" }, { "contents": "Helen Reddy\n\n\nalso sang a duet (\"You're Just in Love\") with senior choir member Rosalind Smith. Being more in control of her performances also appeals to Reddy, who said, \"I have more leeway in the songs that I choose to sing. I'm not locked into what the record company wants.\" She explained, \"One of the reasons that I'm coming back to singing is because I'm not doing the greatest hits. I'm doing the songs that I always loved. So many are album", "id": "20573504" }, { "contents": "The Flowers of Romance (album)\n\n\nMichael Wadleigh] offered us the chance to do a soundtrack. I mean, who wouldn't want an opportunity like that? [...] The clips we saw were really excellent [...] Originally Wadleigh wanted us to write music to suit the atmosphere, it's about wolves and killing people, and that suited us fine of course.\" \"I thought what Keith did with the music was so good there was no point in me singing over it. Leave it alone, I said. All I could do was", "id": "19692640" }, { "contents": "Listen to the Man\n\n\nBudapest\" and \"Cassy O'\". It was filmed over four days in Barcelona and features actor Sir Ian McKellen (who lip syncs to the lyrics). It was uploaded to YouTube on 28 October 2014. Ezra told FUSE TV, \"When we're making a video, I just say a really vague thing that I want to happen. For this one, I just said 'I don't want to be singing the song', so that could be anything! Then you pitch it to directors and", "id": "7076126" }, { "contents": "Shushanik Kurghinian\n\n\nand proletarian literature in Armenian. I wanted to sing: they told me I could not,br I wove my own songs: quiet, you are a girl!br But when in this troubled worldbr an elegy I became,br I spoke to the hearts of many.br The more I sang:br the sooner she'll get tired, they said.br The louder I sang:br the faster her voice will fail.br But I kept singing endlessly,br that's when they started to cajole. 1907 (from \"I Want to Live", "id": "21224193" }, { "contents": "List of The X Factor finalists (American season 3)\n\n\nSmyrna Beach) and Sierra Deaton (born February 11, 1991, from Orlando), two Florida natives who date and sing together as a group. They auditioned with their rendition of Britney Spears's \"Toxic\" and were met with rave reviews. The two made it past the Four Chair Challenge after singing \"You're the One That I Want\" and continued on to the Top 12 after singing \"Blurred Lines\" in the first live show. In the second live show, Alex & Sierra performed \"I Heard", "id": "7734790" }, { "contents": "Saara Aalto\n\n\neventual winner Sandhja who went on to represent Finland with the song \"Sing It Away\". In an interview Aalto described her music. I call my music Epic Love Pop! I love dramatic and emotional music with a show feeling. I also want to bring love, joy and encouragement for everybody; be yourself and inspire others! I've studied piano since I was a little kid and through music schools, singing competitions, my career and concerts (in Finland and all over the world) I've gotten lots of", "id": "21989916" }, { "contents": "Shatasha Williams\n\n\nshe was like, “Oh my gosh, well I can sing!” We were like, “Oh yeah?” and we told her to sing something for us. And it was crazy, so we asked her to sing the chorus. So we brought her in and Eazy was asking who she was and we told her she could sing and we wanted to see how she sounded singing the hook. So we had her sing the chorus and we were all looking at her with our mouths open, and Eazy", "id": "3378043" }, { "contents": "I Want It That Way\n\n\nAmerican pop punk band Blink-182, who parody the music video for \"I Want It That Way\", as well as Britney Spears's \"Sometimes\" and Christina Aguilera's \"Genie in a Bottle\" videos, in their video for the song \"All the Small Things\". Brazilian comedian Rafinha Bastos parodied the band as \"Backstreet Farmers\", sing the song. In 2013, British-Irish boyband The Wanted parodied the video for their music video for the song \"Walks Like Rihanna\". The song is featured", "id": "11351722" }, { "contents": "CariDee English\n\n\nBoy/Girl and is working on music with Better than Ezra. English is a drummer, and performs with Celebrity DJ Lindsay Luv. Performing a powerful girl drum and DJ duo they call LUVnENGLISH. English also drums with the New York-based DJ Zeke Thomas. They even made a short video of them working together. English sings, plays guitar, drums and said \"I would have been a rockstar first but being a model paid the bills faster.\" She is a spokesperson for the National Psoriasis Foundation, spreading", "id": "5271326" }, { "contents": "Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts\n\n\nLesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts, also known as Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts, is an album by Lesley Gore. It was released in 1963 as the follow-up to her debut album \"I'll Cry If I Want To\". Allmusic critic Richie Unterberger considers \"Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts\" to be better than \"I'll Cry If I Want To\" and an \"above average\" though not excellent 1963 pop/rock album. Unterberger cites as a reason for being", "id": "16457459" }, { "contents": "Bin Kuch Kahe\n\n\nas an associate producer. Rajshree Ojha known for her film Aisha with Sonam Kapoor and Abhay Deol, worked almost one year on the subject. This is the story of the lives of 3 sisters who live in a dysfunctional family. Abha the eldest runs a canteen called the \"Kohli Canteen\". She has a son called Aryan. Rhea is the second sister who wants to be a rockstar and Myra the youngest wants to be a journalist. This show is completely set in Jaipur. The soap opera begins with Rhea's", "id": "14379125" }, { "contents": "Big Mama Thornton\n\n\nJoplin, said that Thornton could sing in a \"pretty voice\" but did not want to. Thornton said, \"My singing comes from my experience… My own experience. I never had no one teach me nothin’. I never went to school for music or nothin’. I taught myself to sing and to blow harmonica and even to play drums by watchin’ other people! I can't read music, but I know what I'm singing! I don't sing like nobody but myself.\" Her style was", "id": "6196338" }, { "contents": "Álex Ubago\n\n\nbecause, I would write a song. That's how I started at 15. Then one day I finished a song that I liked and wanted someone to listen to it, I wanted to sing it to someone. That first song still exists, it's written but not recorded. From that moment on I kept writing\". Álex Ubago taught himself to sing, and at the age of 22 released his debut album \"¿Qué pides tú?\", which sold 900,000 units in Spain and was certified 2X platinum", "id": "11957075" }, { "contents": "I Luh Ya Papi\n\n\nJ. Lo is singing that song.' I didn't believe it at first, I thought he was just not trying to give it to me for some reason. I was like 'J. Lo does not want that song, she's not gonna sing that.' And then it came out. I guess she wanted it.\" \"I Luh Ya Papi\" was re-written by Noel Fisher, Andre Proctor, Karim Kharbouch and Jennifer Lopez, with production being handled by Noel \"Detail\" Fisher,", "id": "9898562" }, { "contents": "Mýa (album)\n\n\n. I wanted to develop this on my own, at my own pace.\" Eventually, Mýa developed enough courage to sing for some dance class pals, who encouraged her to break the silence at home. \"I finally told my mom, and when she told my dad—he's a singer—he said, 'Mýa can't sing! I don't believe you!' During her early-to-mid-teen years, she taught dance to kids and held a dancing gig on BET's \"", "id": "10092793" }, { "contents": "Any Time, Any Place\n\n\n, similar to the music of Barry White and Marvin Gaye. Jackson sings about she and her lover having public displays of affection . It also features saxophone and fingersnaps, with additional sounds of rain and thunder. The chorus of the song decipts Jackson singing \"I don't care who's around\" during her public lovemaking. During the second pre-chorus, the singer vamps, \"I don't give a damn! I want you now!\" According to Sputnikmusic, the song \"oozes with the longing to be", "id": "10587499" }, { "contents": "Jump (Rihanna song)\n\n\nthe song, the singer sings \"Skrillex-worthy\" lines, \"You think I give a damn/ but you know who I am/ I don't go around chasing no dude\". The chorus features Rihanna singing, \"If you want it, let's do it/ Ridin' my pony/ My saddle is waitin'/ Come and jump on it.\" Rapper Theophilus London remixed the song, a remix which leaked under the title \"Jump (Club Cheval Rap Remix)\". Additional production to the song was added by Club", "id": "8477261" }, { "contents": "The Andy T Band\n\n\nNick\" Nixon was a Nashville native who sang throughout his childhood, in church, high school performances, and opera. He remembered: \"I had to actually learn how to sing 'wrong' after that, when I decided I wanted to sing rock and blues\". An active participant in the Jefferson Street blues scene of the 1960s and 1970s, Nixon befriended and performed with Jimi Hendrix. Nixon and his band, Past, Present and Future, were signed to Chess Records in 1974. In the 1960s, he", "id": "8699693" }, { "contents": "Forever Country\n\n\nto singing publicly until October of that year, and even then only on a very limited basis. Kahn said that \"even though he's not singing, he's connecting.\" McAnally wanted Paisley, a native of West Virginia, to open the song with Denver's \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", and he wanted Carrie Underwood specifically to open Dolly Parton's \"I Will Always Love You\". Parton, who is known to arrive early for her appointments, arrived really early on her recording day,", "id": "14514413" }, { "contents": "Rockstar San Diego\n\n\nalso included general manager Alan Wasserman, who was succeeded by studio manager Steve Martin. Martin had been a producer for Rockstar Vancouver for the past four-and-a-half years. In February 2011, the company had 128 employees. Following the layoffs, Rockstar San Diego proceeded to take supporting development roles for Team Bondi's 2011 game \"L.A. Noire\", alongside Rockstar North and Rockstar Leeds, and was part of Rockstar Studios, a collaborative effort spanning all studios owned by Rockstar Games, for the 2012-released \"Max", "id": "20291153" }, { "contents": "Singing Ax\n\n\nI didn't tour for Singing Ax or even promote it in a single way. I didn't do a single interview, or anything. All I can say is that it was up on the Western Vinyl webpage, and that really was about all of the promotion it got, if you even want to call that promotion. I didn't put it out in the UK because I didn't want to have to go over there and tour it. It really was like throwing my hands up in the air on that", "id": "5401396" }, { "contents": "Rita Hayworth\n\n\npublic did not know her secret, she was embarrassed to be asked to sing by troops at USO shows. \"I wanted to study singing\", Hayworth complained, \"but Harry Cohn kept saying, 'Who needs it?' and the studio wouldn't pay for it. They had me so intimidated that I couldn't have done it anyway. They always said, 'Oh, no, we can't let you do it. There's no time for that; it has to be done right now!", "id": "2254967" }, { "contents": "Norimasa Fujisawa\n\n\nNorimasa born between his father who was a vocalist with his mother who was a song teacher, Since childhood he grew up in a house full of songs, he is interested in singing in nature and in front of people. When he was a first grade primary school student, looked at a singer is singing a song on TV \"I want to become a singer\" At the time of his third grade at elementary school, he sang a song for the first time at the stage, He likes to sing songs in", "id": "6366469" }, { "contents": "Music (upcoming film)\n\n\n'll act it out, I'll have the dialogue already in my head ... I can't be bothered to learn Final Draft. ... Like, when I sing, I just want to sing the melody and write the lyrics. I don't want to have to do production, which is very technical. I don't enjoy that. The project, originally conceived as a non-musical film, was subsequently written as a musical, with songs by Sia and choreography by Sia's frequent collaborator Ryan Heffington. It was", "id": "18947400" }, { "contents": "White Pony\n\n\nwe made the record we wanted to make.\" Moreno did not have an overall lyrical theme in mind, but made a conscious decision to bring an element of fantasy into his lyrics, explaining, \"I basically didn’t sing about myself on this record. I made up a lot of story lines and some dialogue, even. I took myself completely out of it and wrote about other things. Once I did that I was able to sing about anything I wanted to, I could be a lot more general.", "id": "13491122" }, { "contents": "Bevlyn Khoo\n\n\nwith S2S was up, Bevlyn parted ways with the label amicably in 2012. In an interview with The Straits Times, Khoo cited creative differences as the reason for the separation, saying \"I didn't want to end up with people thinking I sing a lot of covers and that's it. After all, I started out as an indie singer who writes original songs.\" In the same interview, Khoo states that she wanted to \"prove she was capable of more than just sad love songs.\" Khoo re", "id": "3023724" }, { "contents": "Ctrl (SZA album)\n\n\njust wanted. I just wanted to sing. I wanted to think.\" SZA recorded \"Drew Barrymore\" after hearing a production that reminded her of the film \"Poison Ivy\", noting the emotion Ivy felt in film was something SZA connected with stating her character was \"lashing out because she was lonely and pissed that her life was like this\". \"The Weekend\" was produced by ThankGod4Cody who was given the idea to sample \"Set the Mood (Prelude)/Until the End of Time\" from a member of his", "id": "9280718" } ]

[ { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nMalcolm Brogdon joined him as a 1st team selection. After losing all-conference point guard London Perrantes to graduation and the Cleveland Cavaliers, many expected 2017-18 to be a rebuilding year for Virginia basketball. The team would start the season unranked before getting off to an 11-1 non-conference start and climbing up to #13 in the country at the start of conference play. Virginia would then become the first team to go 17-1 in conference play, notably snapping a long losing streak at Cameron Indoor", "id": "17006744" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nto the Big Ten Conference. They did match up in the 2014 and 2018 ACC-Big Ten Challenges, ending in 76–65 and 76–71 Cavalier victories which were both won on the road in College Park. Virginia has had eleven head coaches lead the team since 1905. The Cavaliers have retired eight numbers to date: The University of Virginia's athletic department has issued the following statement distinguishing \"retired jerseys\" from \"retired numbers\": \"Jersey retirement honors Virginia players who have significantly impacted the program. Individuals recognized in this", "id": "17006752" }, { "contents": "1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game\n\n\nthe 1982–83 season with a record of 33–2. The loss knocked Virginia out of the number one spot in the Associated Press Poll, and it did not regain that position again until February 12, 2018. The Cavaliers ended the season at 29–5, winning 11 of 12 games after playing Chaminade. However, the team fell short of the Final Four in the 1983 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Cavaliers lost to eventual national champion North Carolina State, who had already defeated Virginia in the championship game of the ACC", "id": "18896416" }, { "contents": "2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 201718 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett in his ninth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. In a year with low expectations from the press, the Cavaliers began unranked but ascended all the way to the No. 1 ranking in the AP Poll for the first time since December 1982. The team then", "id": "9598182" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nby a man who was hired 104 years after he started the program. After Lannigan's sudden death in 1930 and with limited administration interest at the onset of the Great Depression, Virginia basketball did not maintain its momentum into the next several decades. Buzzy Wilkinson scored 32.1 points per game in 1954-55 and is still the all-time ACC leader in scoring per game for both the single-season and career (28.1) categories. He was selected by the Boston Celtics in the 1955 NBA Draft. Unfortunately, Virginia", "id": "17006716" }, { "contents": "2006–07 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2006–07 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2006–07 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by second-year head coach Dave Leitao, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers began the season with the opening of the John Paul Jones Arena and an upset of then-#10 Arizona. Despite returning all five starters from the previous campaign, the Cavaliers were picked to finish 8th place in the", "id": "10075704" }, { "contents": "1914–15 University of Virginia men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1914–15 University of Virginia men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 1914–15 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was led by tenth-year head coach Henry Lannigan, and played their home games at Fayerweather Gymnasium in Charlottesville, Virginia. This season is notable as the only undefeated season in program history, as well as including the first basketball game with long-time rival Virginia Tech. Now known as the Virginia Cavaliers, the team did not have an official nickname prior to 1923. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e", "id": "17327613" }, { "contents": "2005–06 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2005–06 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by first-year head coach Dave Leitao, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. This was the final season Virginia played at University Hall, as the John Paul Jones Arena opened for the 2006–07 season. The Cavaliers had a record of 14–15, with a conference record of 4–12. At the end of the", "id": "13813736" }, { "contents": "2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team will represent the University of Virginia during the 2015–16 college basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by fifth year head coach Joanne Boyle. The Cavaliers are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference and play their home games at the John Paul Jones Arena. They finished the season 17–16, 6–10 in ACC play to finish in a tie for ninth place. They lost in the second round of the ACC Women's Tournament to Duke. They were invited to the Women's National Invitation Tournament where they", "id": "2851593" }, { "contents": "1960 Virginia Cavaliers football team\n\n\nThe 1960 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by third-year head coach Dick Voris and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last. Virginia finished without a win for the second consecutive year and extended their losing streak to 28 games, tying the NCAA record set between 1945 and 1948 by the Kansas State Wildcats. Voris, who managed just one win", "id": "18171602" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2011–12 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by third year head coach Tony Bennett, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 22–10, 9–7 in ACC play to finish in a three way tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the ACC Basketball Tournament to North Carolina State. They received an at-large bid to the 2012", "id": "13084251" }, { "contents": "2009–10 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2009–10 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by first-year head coach Tony Bennett, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers fell to 10–18, with a conference record of 4–12. This was their worst conference record since Pete Gillen's final season in 2004–05, and the worst overall record for Virginia in four decades. At the conclusion of the season", "id": "13002438" }, { "contents": "2008–09 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2008–09 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Dave Leitao, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers were picked to finish last in the conference this season in the pre-season media poll. While they only finished 11th, ahead of Georgia Tech, their record of 10–18 and 4–12 in conference was the", "id": "13813389" }, { "contents": "2004–05 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2004–05 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2004–05 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 7th-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. On March 14, three days after the end of the season, Gillen stepped down; he was replaced by DePaul head coach Dave Leitao. The Cavaliers had a record of 18–13, with a conference record of 6–10, but", "id": "15023762" }, { "contents": "2002–03 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2002–03 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2002–03 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers had a record of 17–12, with a conference record of 7–9. They competed in the first round of the 2002 National Invitation Tournament, where they lost at home in the first round to South Carolina. !colspan=9", "id": "16172457" }, { "contents": "2001–02 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2001–02 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2001–02 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers had a record of 17-12, with a conference record of 7–9. They competed in the 2002 NCAA Men's Division National Invitational Tournament, where they lost in the first round to South Carolina. The Nov.", "id": "17326917" }, { "contents": "1997–98 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1997–98 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 1997–98 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by eighth-year head coach Jeff Jones, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. At the end of the season, Jones resigned as head coach; he would be replaced by Providence Friars head coach Pete Gillen. The Cavaliers had a record of 18–13, with a conference record of 7–9. They reached the", "id": "8032517" }, { "contents": "2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by first year head coach Tina Thompson, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and were members the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 12–19, 5–11 in ACC play to finish in twelfth place. They advanced to the second round of the ACC Women's Tournament where they lost to Syracuse. The 2017–18 Cavaliers finished the season 19–14, 10–6 in ACC play to", "id": "12110046" }, { "contents": "1913–14 University of Virginia men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1913–14 University of Virginia men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 1913–14 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was led by ninth-year head coach Henry Lannigan, and played their home games at Fayerweather Gymnasium in Charlottesville, Virginia. Now known as the Virginia Cavaliers, the team did not have an official nickname prior to 1923. The season is notable for the only tie game in the program's history, as well as the first overtime game involving Virginia. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Regular season", "id": "17327288" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2013–14 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his fifth season, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The 2013–14 season was one of the most successful in UVa's 109-year basketball history. The Cavaliers won only their second ever outright ACC regular season title, with a 16–2 conference record (at the time, their best conference record", "id": "11426306" }, { "contents": "2003–04 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2003–04 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2003–04 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers had a record of 16–16, with a conference record of 6–10. They appeared in the 2003 National Invitation Tournament, where they lost in the second round to eventual champion St. John's. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"|", "id": "15325107" }, { "contents": "1998–99 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1998–99 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by first-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers had a record of 11–19, with a conference record of 3–13. At the end of the season, head coach Jeff Jones was fired, to be replaced Providence head coach Pete Gillen. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"|", "id": "5052114" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nThe Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball program represents the University of Virginia in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the NCAA. The team is coached by Tony Bennett. Since 2006 the team has played at John Paul Jones Arena, an on-campus arena on the North Grounds of the university, in front of 14,593. A consistent winner in the early years of college basketball under the tutelage of Pop Lannigan (254–95 from 1905 to 1929), the Cavalier program lay mostly dormant between 1930 and 1975 before Terry Holland arrived", "id": "17006712" }, { "contents": "2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\n\n\nOn March 16, 2018, during the first round of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the University of Virginia (Virginia; also UVA) Cavaliers played a college basketball game against the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Retrievers at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Cavaliers, who were seeded first in the South regional bracket and first overall in the NCAA Tournament, faced the Retrievers, who were seeded 16th in the South regional bracket. Virginia and UMBC competed for the right", "id": "4903839" }, { "contents": "Bill Gibson (basketball)\n\n\n, including a 57–3 record over the final three seasons he coached at the school. In April 1963, Virginia named him its men's basketball coach; at the time, the Cavaliers were struggling to compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Virginia was 8–16 in Gibson's first season as coach and did not win 10 games in a season until 1968–69. The Cavaliers lost in the ACC Tournament's first round (the tenth consecutive season Virginia had exited the tournament at that stage), and Gibson faced a \"", "id": "13849697" }, { "contents": "2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team will represent the University of Virginia during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by sixth year head coach Joanne Boyle, they played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and are members the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 20–13, 7–9 in ACC play to finish in eighth place. They advanced in the quarterfinals of the ACC Women's Tournament where they lost to Notre Dame. They were invited to the Women's National Invitation Tournament where", "id": "20139450" }, { "contents": "2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by seventh year head coach Joanne Boyle, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and were members the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 19–14, 10–6 in ACC play to finish in a 3-way tie for sixth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the ACC Women's Tournament where they lost to Notre Dame. They received an at-large bid to the", "id": "22181000" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2012–13 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by fourth year head coach Tony Bennett, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and were members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 23–12, 11–7 in ACC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the ACC Tournament where they lost to NC State. They received an invitation to the 2013 NIT where they defeated", "id": "5581662" }, { "contents": "2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, in their 110th season of play. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his sixth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Building on the success of the previous season, the Cavaliers had their best regular season in program history with a record of 28–2, their first undefeated non-conference regular season record since 2000–01", "id": "8211136" }, { "contents": "1999–2000 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1999–2000 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 1999–2000 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by second-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers had a record of 14–16, with a conference record of 4–12, under Pete Gillen's first season. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Exhibition games !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| ACC Tournament", "id": "19132017" }, { "contents": "1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game\n\n\nThe 1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game was a college basketball game between the Virginia Cavaliers of the University of Virginia and the Chaminade Silverswords of Chaminade University of Honolulu. The contest was held on December 23, 1982, at the Honolulu International Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Silverswords, then a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) member, defeated the Cavaliers, who were the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) top-ranked team, 77–72. Chaminade's victory over a Virginia team that included three", "id": "18896404" }, { "contents": "1990 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\n\n\n, the Cavaliers took the Volunteers to overtime, and won 79–75. Virginia next faced Stanford, who had only lost one game all season, and reached the final four by beating Arkansas 114–87 in the West Regional. Stanford wouldn't lose this game, and prevailed over Virginia 75–66. In the other semi-final game, Auburn faced Louisiana Tech. Auburn came into the tournament as the prior year's runner-up, but was a two seed in the bracket with Washington, the only team to beat Stanford during the", "id": "5248038" }, { "contents": "2000–01 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2000–01 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2000–01 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by third-year head coach Pete Gillen, and played their home games at University Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers had a record of 19–12, with a conference record of 9–7. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Exhibition game !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| ACC Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| NCAA Tournament", "id": "17327522" }, { "contents": "2007–08 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2007–08 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers sought to continue their 2006–07 season success in which they finished tied for first place in the conference with North Carolina (see 2006–07 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season). The Cavaliers were picked to finish 5th place for the 2007–2008 season in the ACC Preseason Poll. Senior Sean Singletary was named to the five-member preseason All-ACC team. The Virginia Cavalier 2007 recruiting class consisted of", "id": "10075646" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nand did not return until the NCAA Tournament where he was much diminished and the team bowed out to Michigan State in the second round. Brogdon led the 2015–16 team to the Elite Eight, but they fell just short of the elusive Final Four after a late rally by Syracuse. Shocking the basketball world twice in two years, Virginia lost to 16-seed UMBC in the first round of the 2018 NCAA Tournament only to come back and win the 2019 NCAA Tournament Championship the very next year. ESPN called Virginia's 2018–19 campaign \"the", "id": "17006724" }, { "contents": "2012 Virginia Cavaliers football team\n\n\nThe 2012 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cavaliers were led by third year head coach Mike London and played their home games at Scott Stadium. They were members of the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The team started out 2-0 for the second consecutive season after victories over Richmond and Penn State. The Cavaliers then proceeded to lose six straight games, their longest losing streak since 2009. The team bounced back with impressive victories over NC", "id": "19741167" }, { "contents": "2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, in their 111th season of play. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his seventh year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 29–8, 13–5 in ACC play to finish in a tie for second place. They defeated Georgia Tech and Miami (FL) to advance to the", "id": "13434057" }, { "contents": "1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game\n\n\nin men's college basketball. Chaminade's basketball program was in its eighth season, and was coming off a record of 28–3 in the 1981–82 season. In the past three seasons, the Silverswords had played the Cavaliers twice, losing both times by double digits. Eight days before the Virginia game, Chaminade posted its first-ever victory against Hawaii, by a 56–47 margin. On December 21, the Silverswords lost to Wayland Baptist, Chaminade's only defeat in 11 games. The Silverswords were unranked entering the game against Virginia", "id": "18896407" }, { "contents": "Elton Brown (basketball)\n\n\nElton Brown (born September 15, 1983) is an American professional basketball player who last played for SLUC Nancy Basket of the LNB Pro A. He is a 6'9\" (2.06 m) center from Newport News, Virginia. Brown played college basketball at the University of Virginia with the Virginia Cavaliers. Majoring in Anthropology he ranked 20th in all-time scoring, and Top 10 in rebounding. He was a 3-year starter and first team All-Rookie. During his junior and senior years, he was awarded the All-", "id": "9409965" }, { "contents": "2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett in his tenth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. UVA opened the season with consecutive wins over ranked Big Ten teams, No. 25 Wisconsin (Battle 4 Atlantis) and No. 24 Maryland (ACC–Big Ten Challenge), the latter of which improved", "id": "4290519" }, { "contents": "Charlottesville, Virginia\n\n\narena concluded in March 2007, the Virginia men's basketball team tied with UNC for 1st in the ACC. Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball won the ACC outright in the 2013–14 season, as well as the 2014 ACC Tournament. The team finished the season ranked #3 in the AP poll before losing to Tom Izzo's Spartans by two points in the Sweet Sixteen held in Brooklyn, New York. Lacrosse has become a significant part of the Charlottesville sports scene. The Virginia Men's team won their first NCAA Championship in 1972", "id": "8218612" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nteams of the era were not as great at defense and high scoring did not lead to many wins. Likewise, Barry Parkhill was named ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year in 1971–72 and was drafted in the first round by the Portland Trail Blazers but the program had not regained its early standing. Terry Holland was hired from Davidson in 1975, and with star Wally Walker surprised the ACC in just his second year as head coach when his sixth-seeded Virginia defeated AP No. 17 NC State, No. 9", "id": "17006717" }, { "contents": "Charlottesville, Virginia\n\n\nFoxfield Races are steeplechase races held in April and September of each year. A Fourth of July celebration, including a Naturalization Ceremony, is held annually at Monticello, and a First Night celebration has been held on the Downtown Mall since 1982. Charlottesville has no professional sports teams, but is home to the University of Virginia's athletic teams, the Cavaliers, most notably the 2019 NCAA Men's National Basketball Champions. The Cavaliers have a wide fan base throughout the region. The Cavaliers field teams in sports from soccer to basketball", "id": "8218610" }, { "contents": "2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, in their 112th season of play. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his eighth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 23–11, 11–7 in ACC play to finish in ACC play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They defeated Pittsburgh in the second round of the ACC Tournament to", "id": "10214581" }, { "contents": "Ricky Stokes\n\n\nRicky Leonard Stokes (born March 29, 1962) is an American athletics administrator and former men's college basketball coach who is currently the associate commissioner of men's basketball for the Mid-American Conference. Stokes played at Highland Springs High School for Coach George Lancaster before committing to Coach Terry Holland. As a point guard for the Virginia Cavaliers, Stokes set the record for career games played with 134, a record that he still holds. The Cavaliers made the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship each year that Stokes was", "id": "12310526" }, { "contents": "Tony Bennett (basketball)\n\n\nUVA attained its first AP No. 1 ranking since 1982. With a 66–37 victory at Pitt, Virginia won its third outright regular season title in five years. The Cavaliers won the 2018 ACC Tournament, defeating North Carolina 71–63 in the ACC Championship Game. UVA earned the first overall seed in the NCAA Tournament, but the next day lost ACC Sixth Man of the Year De'Andre Hunter to a broken wrist. The \"New York Daily News\" changed their pick from Virginia winning the national title to losing in the Sweet Sixteen", "id": "7101285" }, { "contents": "Bronco Mendenhall\n\n\nthe one at Virginia. The hire gained attention across the sports spectrum, as Boston Celtics president and BYU alumnus Danny Ainge voiced his congratulations to both Mendenhall and UVA on the hire. The appointment was viewed by many as a surprise, following intense speculation involving Mark Richt, Jeff Brohm, and Sonny Dykes as candidates, and drew comparisons with the 2009 hire of Virginia's men's basketball coach Tony Bennett. Going into the 2016 season, the Cavaliers had accumulated losing seasons for four consecutive years under London, and a total", "id": "14478221" }, { "contents": "2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nhalf of a game since the shot clock was instituted in 1986. However, late-season injuries, in particular Justin Anderson's nearly five-week-long absence due to a broken finger and appendectomy, hurt the team, with the Cavaliers falling in a close loss to North Carolina in the ACC Tournament semifinals. In the NCAA Tournament they defeated Belmont in the second round before losing in the third round to Michigan State. The Cavaliers finished the season 30–4 overall and 16–2 in conference play, finishing in first place in", "id": "8211138" }, { "contents": "1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game\n\n\n-time national player of the year Ralph Sampson was called college basketball's \"biggest upset\" by multiple publications. The Cavaliers entered the Chaminade game with an 8–0 win–loss record in the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team featured center Ralph Sampson, who had twice been voted national college basketball player of the year; he received similar honors after the 1982–83 season concluded. Earlier in the season, Virginia had won a game on the road against the Duke Blue Devils by a 13-point margin. They", "id": "18896405" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers football\n\n\nand 1986, the Cavaliers did not go to bowl games. In 1987, they started 3–4 but would win the last five games to finish 8–4 with an All-American Bowl win over BYU. In 1988, the Cavaliers started 2–4 but would win their last five games to finish 7–4 with no bowl game. The 1989 season was the greatest season in school history, with a record of 10–3 overall, and the winning of the program's first ACC co-championship. Virginia would go on to lose the Florida Citrus", "id": "12660902" }, { "contents": "2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team will represent the University of Virginia during the 2014–15 college basketball season. Joanne Boyle resumes the responsibility as head coach for a fourth consecutive season. The Cavaliers were members of the Atlantic Coast Conference and play their home games at the John Paul Jones Arena. They finished the season 17–14, 7–9 in ACC play to finish in a three way tie for ninth place. They lost in the second round of the ACC Women's Tournament to Miami (FL). They were invited to the", "id": "8773913" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nfor the Red Raiders in the overtime period, outscoring them 17–9 to win their first national title 85–77. Virginia ended the season with a 35–3 record, shattering the previous record for single-season wins at Virginia. The team was 29–0 after leading at halftime. The Cavaliers were the first first-time champions of the NCAA Tournament since the University of Florida thirteen years earlier. Virginia has won the ACC Tournament three times, defeating Duke or North Carolina in each title game. The 1975-76 Cavalier season was largely disappointing", "id": "17006739" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nHokies have a long-standing rivalry. While the intensity has picked up since Virginia Tech joined the ACC in 2004, the all-time series record is well in favor of UVA, with the Cavaliers leading the series 96–56. Buzz Williams was only 3–7 against Virginia before departing from Tech, but did lead the Hokies to hand UVA the only blemish of the Wahoos' 17–1 ACC season in 2018. As the two oldest universities of the ACC, the UVA–UNC rivalry spans many sports and has persisted to varying degrees", "id": "17006749" }, { "contents": "1981–82 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1981–82 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented University of Virginia and was a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Virginia was the top seed in the Mideast region of the 48-team NCAA Tournament, but was upset by two points in the Sweet Sixteen by the UAB Blazers, before a partisan crowd in !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| ACC Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| NCAA Tournament https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:College_color/data [\"Virginia Cavaliers\"] = {\"232D4B\", \"FFFFFF\", \"F84C1E\", name1=\"Blue", "id": "13554390" }, { "contents": "1982–83 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 1982–83 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia and was a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. On December 23, 1982, the Chaminade Silverswords of Honolulu defeated the No. 1 ranked Cavaliers 77–72. Silverswords players Tony Randolph scored 19 points and Jim Dunham scored 17. Chaminade was ranked fourth in the NAIA rankings; center Ralph Sampson played the entire game and was held to twelve Virginia's two losses in conference were to co-champion North Carolina, and their two losses in the postseason were to", "id": "13554385" }, { "contents": "Joe Harris (basketball)\n\n\nJoseph Malcolm Harris (born September 6, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the University of Virginia before being selected with the 33rd overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. Harris was born and raised in Chelan, Washington to Joseph \"Joe\" Harris Sr., who coached the boys' basketball team at Bridgeport High for 6 years and then Chelan High for 25 years, and was inducted into the", "id": "11802150" }, { "contents": "Brian O'Connor (baseball coach)\n\n\nwho was the ACC Player of the Year. The end result was the best regular season finish ever at Virginia by turning in a mark of 45-11 overall. The Cavaliers set a school record for best winning percentage in a single season (.758), ranked third nationally in team ERA (3.04) and 19th nationally in batting average (.322). Virginia went 19-9 in the ACC and 45-16 overall before losing to eventual national champions Oregon State in the NCAA regional at Davenport Field. The Cavaliers", "id": "11041982" }, { "contents": "2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nto advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Notre Dame. The Wahoos received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 5 seed in the East region. There they defeated No. 12 UNC Wilmington in the First Round before losing in the Second Round to No. 4 Florida. !colspan=12 style=| Non-Conference Regular Season !colspan=12 style=\"\"| ACC Regular Season !colspan=12 style=| ACC Tournament !colspan=12 style=| NCAA Tournament *AP does not release post-NCAA tournament rankings.brCoaches did not release a Week 2 poll", "id": "9598186" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his second season, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers improved in their first season under Tony Bennett, with a record of 16–15, and an in-conference record of 7–9. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Exhibition game !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e", "id": "12563143" }, { "contents": "2007–08 Cleveland Cavaliers season\n\n\nThe 2007–08 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 38th season of NBA basketball in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cavaliers were the defending Eastern Conference champions, and were coming off of an NBA Finals defeat to the San Antonio Spurs, where they were swept in four games. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated the Washington Wizards in the First Round in six games, advancing to the Semifinals, where they would lose in seven games to the eventual NBA champion, the Boston Celtics. Cleveland did not have a draft pick in the 2007 NBA", "id": "14860755" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers\n\n\nathletics program for NCAA men's sports by virtue of winning the Capital One Cup, which was simultaneously awarded to Stanford University for women's sports. In 2019, the men's basketball team qualified for the NCAA Final Four for the first time in 35 years, and won their first national championship in program history. The Cavalier Song is the University of Virginia's fight song. The song was a result of a contest held in 1923 by the university. The Cavalier Song, with lyrics by Lawrence Haywood Lee, Jr.,", "id": "2516067" }, { "contents": "John Paul Jones Arena\n\n\nfor basketball on November 12, 2006, with Virginia defeating No. 10 ranked Arizona 93–90, handing Hall of Fame coach Lute Olson his first season-opening loss in six years. Virginia men's basketball is 182–42 () at John Paul Jones Arena as of March 2019. The Cavaliers have fared even better, 143–26 (), at JPJ during the Tony Bennett era. Virginia fans in the arena are known for cheering loudly for defensive stands and for providing what Hall of Fame coach Rick Pitino, who retired without a", "id": "6451509" }, { "contents": "1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game\n\n\nanother tie at 68–68, only for Wells to make a layup with under two minutes on the game clock. Chaminade held a 74–72 lead with 35 seconds remaining, but Virginia gained possession of the basketball after the Silverswords missed a free throw attempt, which gave the Cavaliers an opportunity to tie the game. However, Virginia was unable to score during the possession; following three missed field goal attempts, Cavaliers player Othell Wilson committed a carrying violation with 10 seconds on the clock. After being fouled by the Cavaliers, Dunham was", "id": "18896412" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nNCAA Tournament where they lost in the first round to Florida. The team was led by senior forward Mike Scott, who finished the season as a First team All-ACC Selection and runner up for the Conference Player of the Year. The Cavaliers finished the 2010–11 season 16–15 overall, 7–9 in ACC play and lost in the first round of the ACC Tournament to Miami. In December 2011, both Harrell and Johnson transferred from Virginia, to Auburn and San Diego State, respectively. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#00214e; color:#f56d22;\"| Non-conference", "id": "13084252" }, { "contents": "University of Virginia\n\n\nwith several stops between. Like the trains, the Megabus stop is at the nearby Amtrak station. Virginia has ranked near the top of collegiate athletics programs in recent years. In 2015 and 2019, UVA won the nationwide Capital One Cup for overall men's sports excellence. The teams and athletes representing Virginia in college athletics have been dubbed the \"Cavaliers\" since 1923, predating the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers by nearly half a century. In 2019, Virginia men's basketball won the NCAA Championship in \"March Madness\",", "id": "14577747" }, { "contents": "Portsmouth, Virginia\n\n\nNorth Carolina. In addition, the Railroad Museum of Virginia located at Harbor Center Way features vintage railroad artifacts, rolling stock, and an operating model train layout. The Portsmouth Cavaliers were a basketball team founded in 2010 and played in the American Basketball Association for the 2011-12 season. Based in Portsmouth, Virginia, the Cavaliers played their home games at the Chick-fil-A Fieldhouse on the campus of Portsmouth Catholic Regional School. The club spent one season in the American Professional Basketball League (APBL) before folding", "id": "8217282" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nto win their first ACC Championship and earn their first NCAA Tournament appearance in his second year. UVA has since finished first in the ACC basketball standings nine times, third best all-time. They have won the ACC Tournament three times, defeating Duke or North Carolina in each title game. Virginia won the 2019 NCAA Tournament Championship, has been to the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament three times, and won the last third-place game ever played at the event. The Cavaliers have ranked in the Top 5 of", "id": "17006713" }, { "contents": "2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nthe ACC outright for the first time since the 1980–81 season. They proceeded to win the ACC Tournament for their second-ever conference championship. The team also tied for the most wins in a season in school history, set a school record for the most single-season conference wins, and earned their highest final national ranking since 1982. The Cavaliers received a #1 seed in the NCAA Tournament, where they defeated Coastal Carolina and Memphis before losing to Michigan State in the Sweet Sixteen. On November 7, 2014,", "id": "8211139" }, { "contents": "Jeff Jones (basketball)\n\n\n1973 NCAA Division II title. He played point guard at the University of Virginia from 1978 to 1982. As a four-year starter at Virginia, Jones was known as a leader and prolific passer. During his playing career, the Cavaliers compiled an overall record of 102-28 (), while he led the Cavaliers to two NCAA Tournaments and two NITs during his career. Virginia captured the 1980 NIT title, and advanced to the NCAA Final Four in 1981. Jones finished his career as Virginia's all-time", "id": "21302432" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers\n\n\nown American football club the \"Cavaliers,\" and soon after the Virginia team adopted its \"curved sabres\" logo in 1994, the Oxford team followed suit.) When boxing was a major collegiate sport, Virginia's teams boxed in Memorial Gymnasium and went undefeated on a six-year run between 1932 and 1937, winning an unofficial national championship in 1938. On December 4, 1953, the University of Virginia joined the Atlantic Coast Conference as the league's eighth member. Its men's basketball team has seven times been", "id": "2516064" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nto advance to the Final Four and did so in electrifying fashion over Purdue. After first defeating Gardner-Webb, Oklahoma, and Oregon, they met the red-hot Boilermakers who had taken out defending champion Villanova and No. 2 seed Tennessee. Virginia would get out to a ten-point lead before Carsen Edwards started making one 27-foot to 28-foot three-pointer after another, and there was no answer Virginia could come up with to stop him. He scored 42 points (after also scoring 42 against Villanova),", "id": "17006733" }, { "contents": "Isaiah Ekejiuba\n\n\nYork where his mother taught at Colgate University. Ekejiuba attended high school at Suffield Academy, a boarding school in Connecticut. At Suffield, Ekejiuba played football his senior year and excelled in soccer, basketball and track. In 2002, Ekejiuba joined the Virginia Cavaliers in the NCAA. Ekejiuba was on the Virginia football roster in the 2002 season as a wide receiver, but did not play in the whole season. Prior to the 2003 season, he switched his position to linebacker. Leading the special teams, Ekejiuba was awarded a", "id": "699303" }, { "contents": "2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nbe out for the NCAA Tournament two days before it began. UVA entered as the No. 1 overall seed, placed in the South regional, but suffered an upset in the first round to UMBC and became the first No. 1 seed to lose to a No. 16 seed since the field expanded to 64 teams in 1985. The first round losses by No. 1 seed Virginia and No. 4 seed Arizona, and second round losses by No. 2 seed Cincinnati and No. 3 seed Tennessee, led to", "id": "9598184" }, { "contents": "2017–18 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season\n\n\nThe 2017–18 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2017, followed by the start of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Conference play started in late December 2017 and concluded in March with the 2018 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. The Virginia Cavaliers won an outright regular season championship, their third in five years under the guidance of Tony Bennett, who also received his third ACC Coach of the Year Award. He also became the", "id": "11174520" }, { "contents": "Charlottesville, Virginia\n\n\n, and have modern facilities that draw spectators throughout the year. Cavalier football season draws the largest crowds during the academic year, with football games played in Scott Stadium. The stadium hosted large musical events, including concerts by the Dave Matthews Band, The Rolling Stones and U2. John Paul Jones Arena, which opened in 2006, is the home arena of the Cavalier basketball teams, in addition to serving as a site for concerts and other events. The arena seats 14,593 for basketball. In its first season in the new", "id": "8218611" }, { "contents": "2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nregular season was mixed: despite wins against programs like West Virginia, Villanova, California, and North Carolina, the team also suffered upsets to Virginia Tech, Georgia Tech, and Florida State. Despite this, the Cavaliers finished the season 29–8 overall and 13–5 in conference play, finishing in second place in the ACC. They fell in the ACC Tournament championship to North Carolina. However, they received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, and received their second No. 1 seed in three years. In the", "id": "10214583" }, { "contents": "Heidi Burge\n\n\nscholarships to attend the University of Virginia and play for the Lady Cavaliers basketball team. Although the pair would attend the same school, they did not live together or even have the same circle of friends. The Burges also did not play the same position on the court, as Heidi preferred the outside game and Heather (who is 6 minutes older) played inside against the opposing team's center and was the go-to scorer in the paint. UVA won right away, with Burge averaging 8.3 points and 6.3 rebounds a", "id": "18273914" }, { "contents": "Heather Burge\n\n\ngraduation, both sisters accepted scholarships to attend the University of Virginia and play for the Lady Cavaliers basketball team. Although the pair attended the same school, they did not live together or even have the same circle of friends. The Burges also did not play the same position on the court as Heidi preferred the outside game and Heather (who is 6 minutes older than Heidi) played inside against the opposing teams' centers and was the go-to scorer in the paint. UVA would win right away with Burge averaging 12.2", "id": "18273927" }, { "contents": "History of the Cleveland Cavaliers\n\n\nCavaliers' trading of Davis later that year and ushering in a new type of team. Several losing seasons followed which saw the Cavaliers drop to the bottom of the league and become a perennial lottery draft team. After another disappointing season in 2002–03, the Cavaliers landed the number one draft pick in the NBA Lottery. With it, the team selected local high school phenomenon and future NBA MVP LeBron James. As if celebrating a new era in Cleveland Cavaliers basketball, the team's colors were changed from orange, black and blue", "id": "384695" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers football\n\n\nfootball). The Graham Plan committed the Southern Conference to eliminating any form of subsidization for student athletes that was not available to regular students. The Cavaliers opted to leave the Southern Conference at the end of the 1936 football season, the year the Graham Plan went into effect. Tebell bowed out after three losing seasons, and was succeeded in 1937 by Frank Murray as the Cavaliers began its status as independent (from conference affiliation). Although the Cavaliers went 2–7 during Murray's first year, the team was undefeated against state", "id": "12660890" }, { "contents": "2014 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\n\n\nfirst- and second-round \"double bye\". Top-seeded Virginia won the tournament under the guidance of Tony Bennett, defeating Florida State, Pittsburgh, and then Duke in the championship game. It was their second ACC tournament championship and first since 1976. Virginia had lost its most recent five appearances in the tournament championship game, losing to North Carolina in 1977, 1982, and 1994, to NC State in 1983, and to Georgia Tech in 1990. The Cavaliers placed four players on the all-tournament teams", "id": "4515452" }, { "contents": "2014 Virginia Cavaliers baseball team\n\n\nThe 2014 Virginia Cavaliers baseball team represents the University of Virginia in the 2014 NCAA Division I baseball season. Head Coach Brian O'Connor is in his 11th year coaching the Cavaliers, who play their home games at Davenport Field. They compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference's Coastal Division. 2014 was a very good year for Virginia baseball. The Cavaliers made their first trip to a College World Series Finals, where they were defeated in a best-of-three game series by Vanderbilt. UVA posted a 53-16 record -", "id": "4766767" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\non the First team by Devon Hall as the Cavaliers gave Tony Bennett his second ACC tournament title in 5 seasons. The Cavaliers have appeared in the NCAA Tournament twenty-three times. Their combined record is 35–22. They were national champions in 2019. The Cavaliers have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) 13 times. Their combined record is 17–11. They were NIT champions in 1980 and 1992. The Cavaliers have appeared in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI) once, in 2008. Their record is 2–1.", "id": "17006746" }, { "contents": "Terry Holland\n\n\ntimes. On April 1, 1974, Holland became the University of Virginia's head men's basketball coach. As a Cavalier, Holland accumulated a winning record of 326–173, becoming the winningest men's basketball coach in Virginia history. His tenure at Virginia also included a pair of Final Four appearances (1981 and 1984), a National Invitation Tournament title (1980), Virginia's first of three ACC Tournament championships (1976), and two Atlantic Coast Conference Coach of the Year awards. In 1990, Holland returned to", "id": "12972372" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's soccer\n\n\nwinless record, losing all nine of their matches. The Atlantic Coast Conference added soccer in 1955, followed by the first NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship in 1959. The team made their first appearance in the NCAA tournament in 1969, losing 5–0 to the rival Maryland Terrapins. Bruce Arena became Virginia's soccer and assistant lacrosse coach in 1978, moving exclusively to soccer in 1985. The Cavaliers' first tournament victory, over William and Mary in 1983, sparked a run to their first College Cup appearance. The Cavaliers", "id": "15732190" }, { "contents": "National Basketball Association criticisms and controversies\n\n\nin their chances of winning it, and 2019, after noticing the Philadelphia 76ers looked to lose on purpose for multiple seasons for higher draft picks under Sam Hinkie's regime. For the 2003 NBA draft, the Cleveland Cavaliers and Denver Nuggets each had equal chances of drafting first overall, with the Cavaliers ultimately winning out. With high school basketball standout and future four-time NBA MVP LeBron James being the consensus number one pick in that year's draft, there was some speculation as to whether or not that year's lottery", "id": "18355353" }, { "contents": "Bill Harman\n\n\nhe attended the University of Virginia, where he played basketball and baseball for the Cavaliers and was the student body president. In the 1940 season, the Cavaliers were Virginia state baseball champions, finishing with an 18–4 win–loss record as Harman served as both a pitcher and a catcher for the team. In 1941, Harman's final collegiate season, he opened the year with a strong performance against Dartmouth, with a two-run home run in the fourth inning of the season's second contest. Against Pittsburgh in the", "id": "5352060" }, { "contents": "1991 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\n\n\nassistant coach under Debbie Ryan at Virginia. In a game identified in 2009 as one of the top ten games in UConn history, Tonya Cardoza scored 16 points for the Cavaliers, including four three throws in the final second to help Virginia defeat Connecticut 61–55. Tonya Cardoza would go on to become an assistant coach at Connecticut for many years. In the other semifinal game, Tennessee defeated Stanford 68–60 to advance to the championship game against Virginia. The Cavaliers would lead by five points with under two minutes to go, but Tennessee", "id": "5638515" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers football\n\n\ndeparture of Coach Guepe and a series of losing seasons by the football team. Heated arguments ensued about whether Virginia should join the Atlantic Coast Conference. Athletic Director and former football coach Gus Tebell and President Darden differed sharply—Tebell in favor, Darden worried about the league’s academic standards and the belief that Virginia should only align with other Virginia schools—and the Board of Visitors backed Tebell. Virginia was admitted into the ACC on December 4, 1953. The first 9 years in the ACC brought 9 losing seasons and a", "id": "12660898" }, { "contents": "1961 Virginia Cavaliers football team\n\n\nThe 1961 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1961 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by first-year head coach Bill Elias and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last. Despite the last place finish, Elias was named ACC Coach of the Year, becoming the second in conference history to win the award in a coach's first year at the school. Elias, who had been the", "id": "18171591" }, { "contents": "2007 Virginia Cavaliers football team\n\n\nThe 2007 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team's head coach was coach Al Groh. They played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. The Cavaliers and coach Al Groh face a pivotal season in 2007 as they attempt to overcome their losing record in 2006. While the defense made improvements under new coordinator Mike London, the offense struggled all season. In November 2006, Groh indicated that he was not ready to \"anoint\" Jameel", "id": "9715894" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers (historical)\n\n\nVirginia Cavaliers were royalist supporters in the Royal Colony of Virginia at various times during the era of the English Civil War and Restoration. In 1624, the Virginia Company, after a severe struggle with the Crown, was deprived of its charter. The chief cause of this was that the Puritan element, which formed the backbone of the opposition in Parliament, had also gained the ascendency in the Virginia Company. Nor did James I like the action of the company a few years before in extending representative government to the colonists. The", "id": "18117273" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\n, to defeat Virginia in the 1982 ACC Tournament 47–45. Both the shot clock and three-point line were implemented into college basketball during the same decade in part to combat such shenanigans. In 1984, after Sampson was drafted first in the 1983 NBA Draft, Virginia made a Cinderella run back to the Final Four. There they lost 49–47, in overtime, to a Houston team led by the first pick of the 1984 NBA Draft, Hakeem Olajuwon, who then joined Sampson to form of the NBA on the Houston Rockets", "id": "17006720" }, { "contents": "Devon Hall\n\n\nDevon Howard Hall (born July 7, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Blue of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers. Hall is the son of Leslie Guidry and Mark Hall and has an older brother, Mark Jr. He attended Cape Henry Collegiate School in Virginia Beach. He chose Virginia for college because of its high graduation rate for African-Americans. Hall redshirted his freshman year at Virginia, making him emotional because he wanted to be an impact player.", "id": "7820465" }, { "contents": "Chris Williams (basketball)\n\n\nChris Williams (July 9, 1980 – March 15, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. He was a small forward. Williams played college basketball at the University of Virginia, with the Virginia Cavaliers. He was named the ACC Rookie of the Year in 1999. He was also named Second Team All-ACC in 2000, and Third Team All-ACC in 1999 and 2001. Williams led the 2004–05 EuroLeague in steals, with 2.8 per game, while playing with the Frankfurt Skyliners. He won the Germany", "id": "20942913" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\n-57 in the first round, Virginia drew Southwest Conference champion and 2nd-seeded Arkansas in the 2nd round. The Cavaliers dispatched the Razorbacks 53-51 in an overtime affair before cruising past 3rd-seeded Syracuse 63-55 in the Sweet Sixteen. In a low-scoring, defensive affair, the Cavaliers defeated Bobby Knight's 4th-seeded Indiana Hoosiers 50-48 in the Elite Eight to clinch the school's second Final Four appearance in 4 seasons. In the National Semifinals, Virginia drew the Hakeem Olajuwon-", "id": "17006729" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers baseball\n\n\n-inning deficit to defeat UC Irvine on a two-run single from Chris Taylor in the Charlottesville Super Regional. They finished third in the College World Series, losing to eventual champion South Carolina in 13 innings. In 2013, Virginia swept the Charlottesville Regional before losing to Mississippi State in the Charlottesville Super Regional. In 2014, the Cavaliers reached previously unprecedented heights, losing 3–2 to Vanderbilt in a decisive Game 3 of the College World Series finals. They had swept the Charlottesville Regional and defeated Maryland in the Charlottesville Super Regional", "id": "16503096" }, { "contents": "2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\n\n\nregular season title in the past six years. In the ACC tournament, the Cavaliers defeated NC State 76–56, before falling to Florida State in the conference semifinals. Virginia was then awarded the No. 1 seed in the South region and dispatched Gardner-Webb and Oklahoma by healthy margins in the first two rounds in Columbia, South Carolina. They advanced to a Sweet 16 matchup with Oregon and beat Oregon 53–49 to advance to their 2nd Elite 8 under Bennett. In the Elite Eight, they beat Purdue 80–75 in overtime to", "id": "4290521" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nled Houston Cougars at the Kingdome in Seattle. The Cavaliers gave the vaunted Phi Slama Jama lineup all they could handle, but eventually fell 49-47 in overtime, ending a surprisingly-successful postseason run. This Virginia team featured a vaunted Bennett defense along with the three-pronged offensive attack of De'Andre Hunter, Kyle Guy, and Ty Jerome. The Cavaliers began and ended the season ranked in the AP Top 5 with a 28–2 regular season. One noteworthy event along the way was when No. 4 Virginia soundly defeated", "id": "17006730" }, { "contents": "Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\n\n\nprogram's most successful season to that point. Following the loss of their vaunted All-American in Sampson, the Virginia basketball team took a step back in 1983-84, at least in the regular season. The Cavaliers limped into the ACC tournament with a 17-10 (6-8) record, promptly falling to Wake Forest in the first round. Their record was good enough to ensure them an NCAA Tournament invite and they were awarded the 7-seed in the East Regional. After escaping 10th-seeded Iona 58", "id": "17006728" } ]

[ { "contents": "Andrew Mitchell (diplomat)\n\n\n1756 to June 1765 and from December 1765 to his death. In May 1756, Mitchell arrived in Berlin, and was enthusiastically received by Frederick. Prior to this, antagonism had steadily been building between France and England over shipping and territory rights, and the British king, concerned with the exposure of his Hanoverian territories should war arise, wished to draw closer to Prussia. It was Mitchell's task to negotiate the Alliance and allay Frederick's fears of an Austro-Russian counter-alliance. Frederick, who resented the broken", "id": "9750619" }, { "contents": "Robert Denison\n\n\nRobert Denison (1697–1766) was a soldier and political figure in Connecticut and Nova Scotia. He was elected to the Connecticut General Assembly in 1737, 1742, 1751 and 1756. He was a leader of the New England Planters who settled Nova Scotia and represented King's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1761 to 1764. He was born in Mohegan (later Montville, Connecticut), the son of Robert Denison and Joanna Stanton. He served in the New England militia in campaigns against the French and native peoples", "id": "13740732" }, { "contents": "George Hay (politician)\n\n\nSir George Hay (25 January 1715 – 6 October 1778) was a British judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1754 and 1778. He committed suicide. The son of John Hay, a Church of England clergyman who was Rector of St Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, he was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School and St John's College, Oxford. He was Chancellor of the Diocese of Worcester 1751-64; King's Advocate General from 1755-64 (with interval in 1756", "id": "18403629" }, { "contents": "Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe\n\n\na cadet in the King's Army, afterwards became a Baronet, MP, and Director of the British East India Company (1789–1812), and was created a baronet on 21 December 1802. Thomas Metcalfe married Susannah Selina Sophia, Lady Metcalfe (1756–1815) in Calcutta in 1782, who was the daughter of a merchant, John Debonnaire, trading at Fort St. George, who subsequently settled at the Cape of Good Hope. She and her sister were educated in England and then visited their father and went on to Madras.", "id": "9786516" }, { "contents": "Blackheath Bluecoat Church of England School\n\n\nthe first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, who was appointed by King Charles II in 1675. The school began with 30 poor girls who were taken in for four years to be trained in household matters as well as reading, writing and the church catechism. The girls were found positions in service in local houses. The school rented a building in London Street (later Greenwich High Road) and was closely associated with the Parish Church of St Alfege. It moved to Lime Kiln Lane (later South Street) in 1756 and", "id": "15896210" }, { "contents": "King's Chapel\n\n\n1723. The present organ, the sixth installed in King's Chapel, was built by C.B. Fisk in 1964. It is decorated with miters and carvings from the Bridge organ of 1756, and it is slightly below average in size compared with most mid-1900s European chapel organs. For forty-two years, the eminent American composer Daniel Pinkham was the organist and music director at King's Chapel. He was succeeded by Heinrich Christensen. The King's Chapel bell, cast in England, was hung in 1772. In 1814 it", "id": "8026778" }, { "contents": "Benjamin Franklin\n\n\n1750s. Franklin, however, later became a \"cautious abolitionist\" and became an outspoken critic of landed gentry slavery. In 1758, Franklin advocated the opening of a school for the education of black slaves in Philadelphia. Franklin took two slaves to England with him, Peter and King, and King left his service there in 1756: by 1758 he was working for \"a lady in Suffolk\". Whether Franklin could have compelled King's return is open to doubt in the light of earlier English Common Law decisions and the", "id": "3594343" }, { "contents": "Manor of King's Nympton\n\n\nin architecture, as James built for her a new house at King's Nympton. He demolished the previous mediaeval manor house at King's Nympton and built in its place between 1746–9 the fine Palladian mansion which was then known as \"New Place\", which survives today known as \"King's Nympton Park\". His architect was Francis Cartwright of Blandford in Dorset and the design was based on Marble Hill in Twickenham, one of the earliest Palladian houses in England built between 1724–9. In 1756 James Buller donated to the parish", "id": "7223804" }, { "contents": "Earl of Harrowby\n\n\nfather in 2007. The family seats are Sandon Hall, near Sandon, Staffordshire and Burnt Norton House, near Chipping Camden, Gloucestershire. The title of Baron Harrowby, of Harrowby in the County of Lincoln, was created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1776 for Nathaniel Ryder, who had previously represented Tiverton in Parliament. He was the son of Sir Dudley Ryder, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 1754 to 1756. Dudley Ryder was offered a peerage by King George II on 24 May 1756, but", "id": "11772646" }, { "contents": "Giorgi V Gurieli\n\n\nGiorgi V Gurieli () (), of the western Georgian House of Gurieli, was Prince of Guria from 1756 to 1758 and again from 1765 to 1771 and from 1776 to 1788. Giorgi was a son of Giorgi IV Gurieli and a younger brother of Mamia IV Gurieli. He was installed by King Solomon I of Imereti as Prince-regnant of Guria, in 1756, in place of Mamia, who had been involved in a revolt against Solomon four years earlier. Mamia was able to convince King Heraclius II of Kakheti", "id": "6853848" }, { "contents": "Fort Loudoun (Tennessee)\n\n\nConstruction of the fort began on October 5, 1756. De Brahm's design was more elaborate than a typical frontier fort. The fort was diamond-shaped with bastions at the corners, each of which contained three cannons. As the fort was built on a hill slope, two of the bastions were atop the hill, and two were closer to the bottom, with the walls sloping downward. The bastions were named for the King of England, the Queen of England, the Prince of Wales, and the Duke of", "id": "1221245" }, { "contents": "53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot\n\n\nThe 53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot was a British Army regiment, raised in 1755. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 85th (King's Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot to form the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in 1881. The regiment was raised in Northern England by Colonel William Whitmore as the 55th Regiment of Foot for service in the Seven Years' War. It was re-ranked as the 53rd Regiment of Foot, following the disbandment of the existing 50th and 51st regiments, in 1756. The", "id": "8961776" }, { "contents": "English trust law\n\n\nand trusts with it, mostly came to a standstill in legislation, but the Court of Chancery continued to develop equitable principles notably under Lord Nottingham (from 1673–1682), Lord King (1725–1733), Lord Hardwicke (1737–1756), and Lord Henley (1757–1766). In 1765, the first Professor of English law, William Blackstone wrote in his \"Commentaries on the Laws of England\" that equity should not be seen as a distinct body of rules, separate from the other laws of England. For example, although it", "id": "15840222" }, { "contents": "Natural-born-citizen clause\n\n\nPrior to Blackstone, Edward Coke offered a narrower opinion in \"Calvin's Case\". According to Coke: \"[I]f any of the King's ambassadors in foreign nations, have children there of their wives, being English women, by the common laws of England they are natural-born subjects, and yet they are born out-of the King's dominions.\" The term \"natural born\" has often been used synonymously with \"native born\". The English lexicographer Samuel Johnson wrote in 1756 that the word", "id": "20464364" }, { "contents": "Edward Willes (1723–1787)\n\n\nbecame a bencher 1757. In 1752, he married Anne, the daughter of Rev. Edward Taylor of Sutton, Wiltshire. They had 3 sons. In 1767, Willes purchased Little Grove (now demolished) in East Barnet, the house built for John Cotton of the Middle Temple in 1719. He commissioned Capability Brown to design the gardens. Willes became a King's Counsel in 1756, served as Solicitor General for England and Wales from 1766 to 1768, and then became a justice of the Court of King's Bench from", "id": "4897236" }, { "contents": "William Death\n\n\nCaptain William Death was an 18th-century privateer from Middlesex, England who died in battle December 1756, in the first year of the Seven Years' War. Captain Death was in command of the \"Terrible\", a ship equipped with twenty-six carriage guns, and manned with 200 sailors. On 23 December 1756, the \"Terrible\" engaged the \"Alexandre le Grande\", a large French ship sailing from Saint-Domingue. The \"Alexandre le Grande\" was captured, but 4th Lieutenant John Death,", "id": "1641542" }, { "contents": "Richard Dean (died 1850)\n\n\nCharles Brietzcke (1738–1795), of London, and his wife Catherine (d. 1830), daughter of Richard Ware (d. 1756), a bookseller of Ludgate. Charles was employed in the Secretary of State's office for most of his life, entering the service in 1756 and rising to become Under Secretary; his diary has since been transcribed by Elma Hailey and published in the journal \"Notes and Queries\". Charles' father was Daniel Brietzcke, who came to England from Poland and became a civil servant and confidante", "id": "9978502" }, { "contents": "French and Indian War\n\n\n, the Commissions to Foreign Protestants Act 1756 for the Royal American Regiment, the Navigation Act 1756, and the Continuance of Acts 1756. England passed the Naval Prize Act 1756 following the proclamation of war on May 17 to allow the capture of ships and establish privateering. The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson. Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties, exacerbated by his inexperience in managing large expeditions. In conjunction, he was made aware that", "id": "17993493" }, { "contents": "Sir Richard King, 1st Baronet\n\n\nAdmiral Sir Richard King, 1st Baronet (10 August 1730 – 7 November 1806) was a British naval officer and colonial governor. King was born in Gosport, the son of Curtis King and Mary Barnett. He joined the Royal Navy in 1738 and served in HMS \"Berwick\". In 1745 made a lieutenant in HMS \"Tiger\" and in 1756 he was promoted to commander of the fireship HMS \"Blaze\". He took part in the capture of Calcutta in 1756 and commanded the landing party at the capture of", "id": "3418891" }, { "contents": "James Ware (ophthalmologist)\n\n\nJames Ware, M.D., F.R.S. (1756–1815) was an English eye surgeon, and Fellow of the Royal Society, who practiced in London during the Georgian era. He is considered one of the founding fathers of modern ophthalmology in Britain. Ware was born on 11 February 1756 in Portsmouth, England to Martin Ware and Elizabeth Dale, Martin being the master shipbuilder at the royal dockyards of Sheerness, and later at Plymouth and Deptford. James received his primary education at the Portsmouth grammar school, after which he began a trial apprenticeship", "id": "10258510" }, { "contents": "Thomas Law (1756–1834)\n\n\nCustis,the eldest granddaughter of Martha Custis Washington. They had one daughter, Eliza Custis Law, who married Nicholas Rogers of Baltimore. Thomas Law was born on October 23, 1756 in Cambridge, England, as the youngest son of a clerical British family. He was raised in the Anglican Church as his father was Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle; his brothers were Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough; George Henry Law, later Bishop of Bath and Wells; and John Law, Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in Ireland", "id": "4785485" }, { "contents": "Prince Levan of Georgia\n\n\nKakheti, by his third marriage to Darejan née Princess Dadiani, born in Tbilisi in 1756. Levan's paternal grandfather, Teimuraz II, was King of Kartli, and left his kingdom, on his death in 1762, to Heraclius II. In 1766, Levan was enfeoffed with the princely appanage in the Aragvi valley, earlier held in possession of his late half-brother Vakhtang, who died in 1756. Levan became involved in war and politics at a very young age. At 14, he already accompanied his father in", "id": "10732288" }, { "contents": "Coup of 1756\n\n\n. Schedvin informed lieutenant count Lorentz Creutz, a member of the Hats, who informed the Hat party leader Axel von Fersen the Elder. On 22 June 1756, the king and queen left the capital for Ulriksdal Palace to avoid being present during the inventory of the crown jewels, while Ehrensvärd, their follower within the capital garrison, prepared for the coup. That same day, however, Ernst Angel, Christiernin, Stålsvärd, Puke, Angel and a number of others were arrested. During the interrogation, Ernst Angel revealed the", "id": "21918488" }, { "contents": "Humber the Hun\n\n\nBritains; and of the Kings of Scotland to Eugenev\" (1701) by John Lewis; ; \"The naval history of Britain, from the earliest periods of which there are accounts in history, to the conclusion of the year M.DCC.LVI.\" (1756); and \"A new and complete history of England, from the first settlement of Brutus, upwards of one thousand years before Julius Cæsar, to the year 1793\" (1791-1794) by Charles Alfred Ashburton.br A mediaeval studies scholar has pointed out that mediaeval", "id": "8580128" }, { "contents": "Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby\n\n\nNathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby (3 July 1735 – 20 June 1803) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1756 to 1776 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Harrowby. Ryder was the son of Sir Dudley Ryder, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. He was admitted at Clare College, Cambridge in 1753. In 1756, Ryder was elected Member of Parliament for Tiverton, a seat he held until 1776. On 20 May 1776 he was raised to the peerage as", "id": "13135282" }, { "contents": "Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann\n\n\n), who sent him out learning the trade in Stettin. In 1746 he set up a supplies store in sugar, coffee and tobacco in Dresden. On 4 March 1747, at the age of 23, he married then 17-year-old Caroline Tugendreich Friedeborn. In 1755, Schimmelmann was responsible for tariff collection in Kursachsen. By the end of 1756 he delivered grain and flour to the Prussian army and was appointed as Geheimrat. In December 1756 or 1757 he bought pillaged Meissen porcelain from the Prussian king, which were shipped", "id": "19333849" }, { "contents": "Calmer Hambro\n\n\nfather-in-law's business in Copenhagen in 1779. He later became a banker to the King of Denmark. Hambro married a cousin, Thobe (Dorothea) Levy (1756-1820), the daughter of Isach Joseph Levi, in Copenhagen in 1778. They had a son, merchant and banker Joseph Hambro (1780-1848). He died in 1806 in Copenhagen, Denmark. His grandson, Carl Joachim Hambro (180-1877) moved to London, England, where he founded the Hambros Bank in", "id": "19967891" }, { "contents": "Age of Enlightenment\n\n\nlearning. However, it lacked the skeptical and critical spirit of the European Enlightenment. The enlightenment in Portugal (\"iluminismo\") was marked by the rule of the Prime Minister Marquis of Pombal under King Joseph I of Portugal from 1756 to 1777. Following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake which destroyed great part of Lisbon, the Marquis of Pombal implemented important economic policies to regulate commercial activity (in particular with Brazil and England), and to standardise quality throughout the country (for example by introducing the first integrated industries in Portugal)", "id": "12113247" }, { "contents": "Francis Drake (antiquary)\n\n\nCounty Hospital, retiring in 1756 (although he was relieved of the position during 1745–6 because of his Jacobite sympathies). The duties of this post were not onerous, and he continued to devote most of his time to historical work. Between 1751 and 1760, he published, with the bookseller Caesar Ward, the thirty volumes of \"The Parliamentary or Constitutional History of England from the Earliest Times to the Restoration of King Charles II\", with a second edition, in twenty-four volumes, appearing in 1763. In", "id": "14277052" }, { "contents": "Henry Constantine Jennings\n\n\nrubbish the marble \"Jennings Dog\", and purchased it. It was sold by Jennings at Christie's, on 4 April 1778 for one thousand guineas, to Charles Duncombe. On his return to England (perhaps about 1756) Jennings passed a country-gentleman's life on his estate at Shiplake. Taking to horse-racing, he lost money heavily, and in 1778 sold his collections and the famous dog. In 1777–8 he was a prisoner in the King's Bench Prison, where he made the acquaintance of John", "id": "17811502" }, { "contents": "Hubert de Brienne\n\n\na role he held up to 1751. In 1752 he became lieutenant général of the navy. In 1756 he received the rank of vice-admiral of the Ponant (roughly, the Atlantic fleet). In 1758, King Louis XV made him a Marshal of France in reward for his service. In 1759, he was put in charge with landing troops in Scotland for an invasion of England organised by Louis XV, Nicolas René Berryer and the marshal of Belle-Isle, and named \"le Grand Dessein de débarquement\"", "id": "21954486" }, { "contents": "Bellevue Palace, Kassel\n\n\nclassical building. Bellevue Palace was erected in 1714 by the French architect and Huguenot refugee Paul du Ry as an observatory for Charles I (1654–1730), Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. From about 1725 on, the palace was used as a residence for members of the Landgrave's court, such as his mistress Barbara Christine von Bernhold (1690–1756). Prince Frederick II (1720–1785), Landgrave from 1760 on, married Mary, daughter of King George II of England. He had the palace surrounded by an Anglo-Chinese", "id": "7742179" }, { "contents": "Auguste de Keralio\n\n\ngiven the rank of 'colonel réformé' in 1757. In 1754 he was made preceptor to the young count of Gisors, de Belle-Isle's son, and accompanied him on his Grand Tour of Europe. During this he met Frederick II of Prussia, Maria Theresa I, Empress of Hungary, George II of England and many other monarchs. In 1756 he became secretary to his close friend the Duke of Nivernais during the latter's embassy to the King of Prussia. He was made an honorary member of the Academy", "id": "983812" }, { "contents": "John Curr\n\n\nJohn Curr (c. 1756 – 27 January 1823) was the manager or viewer of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries in Sheffield, England from 1781 to 1801. During this time he made a number of innovations that contributed significantly to the development of the coal mining industry and railways. Curr was born in County Durham, England in around 1756. He was raised and remained a Catholic throughout his life. He moved to Sheffield some time before 1776. In 1780 he was appointed superintendent of the Duke of Norfolk's Sheffield collieries", "id": "4155057" }, { "contents": "Edward Rushton\n\n\nEdward Rushton (1756–1814) was a British poet, writer and bookseller from Liverpool, England. He worked as a sailor aboard a slave ship as a young man, and became an abolitionist as a result. After losing his own vision, he opened a school for the blind, the oldest continuous such school in the world. Edward Rushton was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England on 13 November 1756. He was enrolled at the Liverpool Free School from the age of 6 until the age of 9. He left school", "id": "7245106" }, { "contents": "King's Inns\n\n\nits proximity to the King's Inns. In 1756, this street appears as \"Turn Again Lane\" on Rocque's map of Dublin. Henrietta Street is thought to have been named by Luke Gardiner in honour of Henrietta Somerset (1690–1726), who was married to the second duke of Grafton, lord lieutenant of Ireland, 1724-7. Her portrait by Enoch Seeman survives. The Hungry Tree, a London Plane that is encapsulating a park bench lies in the grounds of the King's Inns, near to the south", "id": "12407427" }, { "contents": "Louis XV of France\n\n\nthe Marquis d'Argenson, and to the promotion of a number of incompetent military commanders. Her most successful choice was the promotion of The Duke de Choiseul, who became one of the King's most effective ministers. She ceased to be the King's mistress in 1750 but remained his closest advisor. She was promoted to Duchess in 1752, and Dame of the Queen's Palace in 1756, and was an important patron of music and the arts, as well as religious establishments. She remained close to the King until her death", "id": "9396555" }, { "contents": "Anthony Haswell (printer)\n\n\nAnthony Haswell (6 April 1756 – 26 May 1816) was an English immigrant to New England, where he became a newspaper, almanac, and book publisher, the Postmaster General of Vermont and one of the Jeffersonian printers imprisoned under the Sedition Act of 1798. Anthony Haswell was born in or near Portsmouth, England on 6 April 1756, the second son of shipwright William Haswell and his first wife Elizabeth Dawes. The father had been employed at the royal dockyard, but in 1769 resigned his position with the intention of emigrating", "id": "14185971" }, { "contents": "Northeast Coast Campaign (1756)\n\n\nThe Northeast Coast Campaign (1756) occurred during the French and Indian War, in which the Wabanaki Confederacy of Acadia raided the British communities along the former border of New England and Acadia in present-day Maine. In response to Gorham's raid on the St. John River in 1748, the Governor of Canada threatened to support native raids along the northern New England border. There were many previous raids from the Mi'kmaq militia and Maliseet Militias against British settlers on the border (1703, 1723, 1724, 1745, 1746,", "id": "1548271" }, { "contents": "Edward Finch (diplomat)\n\n\nspent the longest period as minister in Stockholm, from 1728 to 1739 and is recorded as only voting once in Parliament over that period although he was returned for Cambridge University again in 1734 and 1741. On his return to England in 1742, he was appointed groom of the bedchamber to the King, a post he held despite changes of government until 1756. He spoke on the Address on 16 November 1742, giving an account of all his negotiations and spoke against an opposition motion of 6 December 1743 for discontinuing the Hanoverian troops", "id": "16339136" }, { "contents": "French–Habsburg rivalry\n\n\nreturn Lorraine to its ruler and give up any gains on the right bank of the Rhine. Louis also accepted William III as the rightful king of England, while the Dutch acquired a barrier fortress system in the Spanish Netherlands to help secure their borders. With the ailing and childless Charles II of Spain approaching his end, a new conflict over the inheritance of the Spanish Empire embroiled Louis and the Grand Alliance in the War of the Spanish Succession. A significant reversal in French-Habsburg relations occurred in 1756 during the Seven Years", "id": "21728222" }, { "contents": "Oldendorf (Celle district)\n\n\non rare occasions, osprey may be seen. Sand martins have created nesting holes in the banks. Today Oldendorf is dominated by agriculture and tourism. 400 m north of Oldendorf lies the Oldendorf manor. In 1788 Field Marshal Johann Wilhelm von Reden was given the fief of Hermannsburg-Oldendorf by George III, prince-elector of Hanover and King of England, for his service as a soldier. He secured the field marshal's services particularly during the Seven Years' War (1756 to 1763) during which he was promoted from", "id": "807836" }, { "contents": "Coup of 1756\n\n\nnot be realized without his support. With this, the coup was finally aborted. During late June 1756, the members of the \"Hovpartiet\" were arrested or fled to avoid arrest. Louisa Ulrika unsuccessfully tried to prevent their arrest. Even the queens favorite Ulrika Eleonora von Düben fled the royal court. King Adolf Frederick formed a statement in which he condemned the attempted coup. On 17 June 1756, the members of the Hovpartier were condemned to death. The Riksdag voted for a death sentence for four of the involved noblemen", "id": "21918491" }, { "contents": "David II of Imereti\n\n\nDavid II () (1756 – 11 January 1795), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was King of Imereti (western Georgia) from 1784 to 1789 and from 1790 to 1791. He was the son of George IX of Imereti, who had briefly ruled in 1741. After the death of his cousin, King Solomon I, he became a regent but prevented the rival princes David (the future king Solomon II) and George from being crowned. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized", "id": "8507193" }, { "contents": "Fort Dobbs (North Carolina)\n\n\nFrancis Brown and future governor Richard Caswell, commissioners appointed by Dobbs to inspect frontier defenses, wrote the following report to the North Carolina General Assembly on December 21, 1756: The commissioners generally found the defenses of the rest of the North Carolina frontier to be inadequate. In 1756, the North Carolina General Assembly petitioned King George II for assistance, stating that the frontier remained in a relatively defenseless state. The address to the king further noted that after the fall of Fort Oswego to the French and their native allies in that", "id": "14763607" }, { "contents": "Sir George Baker, 1st Baronet\n\n\nSir George Baker, 1st Baronet, FRS, FSA (1 January 1722 – 15 June 1809) was physician to King George III. He was born in Modbury, Devon, the son of George Baker, vicar of Modbury, Devon and his wife Bridget Harris. He was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. In 1749 he went to Leyden University to study physic, becoming MD in 1756. He was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians in 1756 and became a fellow in 1757. He moved to", "id": "15792289" }, { "contents": "Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle\n\n\nuncle Henry Pelham, who was at that time prime minister. An agreement was signed whereby Lord Lincoln became the heir of both his uncles, Henry Pelham and the Duke. Through his uncles, Lord Lincoln was also given a place at court, being made a gentleman of the King's Bedchamber. In 1752, he was made a Knight of the Garter. In 1756, his uncle, who was already Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, requested from King George II to also be created Duke of Newcastle-under", "id": "16560392" }, { "contents": "Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough\n\n\nJune 1719. He entered the Inner Temple in 1719. He was with his father on his flight to Brabant in February 1721. On 10 June 1727, following his return to England, he married Henrietta St John (15 July 1699 – 26 March 1756), daughter of Henry St John, 1st Viscount St John, of Lydiard Park, Swindon, by his second wife Angelica Pelissary, daughter of Georges Pelissary, treasurer of the navy to King Louis XIV. Henrietta was thus half-sister of the highly influential Henry", "id": "13816993" }, { "contents": "John Stevens (inventor, born 1749)\n\n\ndelegate to the Continental Congress, and Elizabeth Alexander (1726–1800). His sister, Mary Stevens (d. 1814), married Robert R. Livingston, the first Chancellor of the State of New York. His maternal grandparents were James Alexander (1691–1756), the Attorney General of New Jersey, and Mary (née Spratt) Provoost Alexander (1693–1760), herself a prominent merchant in New York City. His paternal grandfather, John Stevens, emigrated from London England around 1695, and was married to Mary Campbell. He graduated King", "id": "4445241" }, { "contents": "Beatrice, Countess of Arundel\n\n\n, 5th Baron Talbot, then John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon in 1432, and finally Talbot's steward, Thomas Fettiplace of East Shefford in Berkshire. The Peerage of England is a multivolume book written in 1756 outlining the genealogy of the Peers of England. The following is from page 406+, and as it is out of copyright is quoted in full here. Beatrice died in Bordeaux, France in November 1439. Please note that there are many contradictory 'facts' about this Beatrice's life and much confusion about who", "id": "16029254" }, { "contents": "Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg\n\n\nin 1754, he had the Austrian ambassador in Paris, Prince Georg Adam of Starhemberg, raise the topic of forming a defensive league. King Louis XV finally accepted, after the Anglo-Prussian Treaty of Westminster was signed in 1756. The alliance was expanded in 1757 to include Russia and Sweden. Thus began the Seven Years' War in Europe, which ultimately failed to bring the lost provinces back to Austria. On 29 August 1756, King Frederick's Prussian Army invaded the Electorate of Saxony in a preemptive strike; they", "id": "12103048" }, { "contents": "Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix\n\n\nworthy a man, as He is, well deserves that even the King himself brings him a chair.\"\" Forcade commanded his regiment in early engagements near Pirna (\"11 September 1756 - 16 October 1756\"). Forcade and the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment were particularly active during the Seven Years' War. He commanded his regiment, fighting alongside of his men, at Forcade's infantry lost 600 men during each of the battles at Prague and Leuthen. When the King took possession of Leuthen, he personally wrote of", "id": "1839586" }, { "contents": "Joseph Plura\n\n\nGiuseppe Antonio Plura (died 18 March 1756), better known in England as Joseph Plura (sometimes suffixed \"the elder\" on account of his son Joseph Plura Junior also being a sculptor), was an English-Italian sculptor who later moved to Bath, England. Joseph was born the son of Carlo Giuseppe Plura (1663–1737), a well known Turinese sculptor, and was part of a family of Turinese sculptors. Little is known about his early life. It is thought that he is the Plura that was noted", "id": "21939688" }, { "contents": "History of Sussex County, New Jersey\n\n\n-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768), who at the time was the Secretary of State for the Northern Department, and later the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1754–1756, 1757–1762). The Duke of Newcastle and his brother Henry Pelham were both prominent political figures in England from 1710 to 1762, and their family's ancestral seat was in the County of Sussex in England. In the early 19th century, southern residents sought to gain some court sessions in their part of the county, suggesting alternating locations", "id": "2316761" }, { "contents": "Theodore of Corsica\n\n\nTheodore I of Corsica (25 August 1694 – 11 December 1756), born Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff, was a German adventurer who was briefly King of Corsica. Theodore is the subject of an opera by G. Paisiello, \"Il re Teodoro in Venezia\" (1784, Vienna), and one of the six kings in Venice in Voltaire's \"Candide\". Theodor von Neuhoff was born in Cologne as the son of a Westphalian nobleman. Educated at the court of France, he served first in the French army", "id": "13546804" }, { "contents": "Demographics of Brazil\n\n\nvulnerable to attacks from neighboring countries. This fact forced the King of Portugal to decide to populate the region. For this, settlers from the Portuguese Azores islands were sent to the coast. To stimulate the immigration to Brazil, the king offered several benefits for the Azorean couples. Between 1748 and 1756, six thousand Portuguese from the Azores moved to the coast of Santa Catarina. They were mainly newly married who were seeking a better life. At that time, the Azores were one of the poorest regions of Portugal. They", "id": "21745131" }, { "contents": "King's Chapel\n\n\nwere originally owned by the member families who paid pew rent and decorated the pews to their personal tastes. The coveted Pew No. 30 is the Governor's Pew (reserved for Jonathan Belcher, the Royal Governor) was, on October 27, 1789, occupied by George Washington. Belcher's son, Jonathan Jr., was wed in the chapel in 1756. The current uniform appearance of the pews dates from the 1920s. Music has long been an important part of King's Chapel, which acquired its first organ in", "id": "8026777" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Marsh\n\n\nElizabeth Marsh (1735–1785) was an Englishwoman who was held captive in Morocco for a brief period after the ship she was traveling from Gibraltar to England to unite with her fiancé was intercepted by a Moroccan corsair and overtaken by its crew. Marsh revealed the experiences of her captivity through her captive narrative,\"The Female Captive: A Narrative of Fact Which Happened in Barbary in the Year 1756, Written by Herself,\" published more than a decade after her return to England.\"The Female Captive\" documents Marsh’s misfortunes after she and her", "id": "10626150" }, { "contents": "Tan-Che-Qua\n\n\nTan-Che-Qua (alternatively Tan Chitqua or Tan Chetqua) (c. 1728- 1796) was a Chinese artist who visited England from 1769 to 1772. He exhibited his work at the Royal Academy in 1770, and his clay models became fashionable in London for a short period. He returned to China in 1772. After the merchant Loum Kiqua in 1756-7, and the Christian convert Michael Shen Fuzong in 1687, Tan-Che-Qua is one of the earliest Chinese people known to have visited England. Tan", "id": "19399596" }, { "contents": "HMS Royal George (1756)\n\n\nFebruary 1756. At the time of her launch in 1756, she was the largest warship in the world at more than 2,000 tons, and is considered the \"eighteenth-century equivalent of a weapon of mass destruction\". She served in the Seven Years' War, commissioning under her first commander, Captain Richard Dorrill in October 1755, and after being completed, joined the Western Squadron or Channel Fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke in May 1756. Dorrill was succeeded by Captain John Campbell in July 1756, who was in", "id": "1357168" }, { "contents": "William I of Württemberg\n\n\nFrederick I of Württemberg and thus his stepmother. \"Netherlands\": Sophie, William's second daughter from his marriage to Catherine, married in 1839 her cousin, William, prince of Orange, who in 1849 became King of the Netherlands. William III was the son of Catherine's sister Anna Pavlovna of Russia. On 8 June 1808, in Munich, he married Caroline Augusta (1792–1873), daughter of King Maximilian I of Bavaria (1756–1825) and Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt (1765–1796). They divorced", "id": "13036422" }, { "contents": "Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön\n\n\n1729, the Duke of Rethwisch died without an heir, whereupon Plön then went to the son of Charles Christian. Frederick Charles, who had been supported during the dispute by the Danish king, renounced the possession of Norburg in gratitude, which then passed to Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway. Because the last Duke of Plön, Frederick Charles, had no legitimate heirs, in 1756 he introduced the so-called Plön Succession Treatise (\"Plönische Successionstraktat\"), by which he named the Danish king as heir to his", "id": "13746906" }, { "contents": "Kabaw Valley\n\n\nkingdom from the Kabow Valley in the east as far as Nongnang (Cachar) and Takhel (Tripura) in the west. Starting in 1724, he began frequent raids of Upper Burma until 1749. The Konbaung Dynasty recovered the Kabaw valley from Manipur in 1756. In 1758, the Burmese king Alaungpaya invaded Manipur. In 1759, King Maramba aka Gourashyam (1953-1958), gave up the throne in favour of his brother Chingthang Khomba aka Bhagayachandra who restored normalcy in the kingdom and tried to regain the lost glory of", "id": "2266219" }, { "contents": "Seven Years' War\n\n\n's interests in Hanover immediately. Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia, was more than happy to obey the request of the British. Unbeknownst to the other powers, King George II also made overtures to the Prussian king, Frederick, who, fearing the Austro-Russian intentions, was also desirous of a rapprochement with Britain. On 16 January 1756, the Convention of Westminster was signed, whereby Britain and Prussia promised to aid one another; the parties hoped to achieve lasting peace and stability in Europe. The", "id": "2384446" }, { "contents": "The Golden Letter of King Alaungpaya\n\n\nof the Golden Letter was George II, who was born in Hanover and belonged to the House of Welf. He was simultaneously the King of Great Britain and the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, joining these territories in personal union. The letter was next sent to Madras, where there were various delays causing it to arrive in London only in March 1758, almost two years after it was first sent. One reason for the almost two-year delay could be the Seven Years' War, which broke out in 1756,", "id": "7920439" }, { "contents": "England and King David I\n\n\nThe relationship between the Kingdom of England and King David I, who was King of Scotland between 1124 and 1153, was partly shaped by David's relationship with the particular King of England, and partly by David's own ambition. David had a good relationship with and was an ally of Henry I of England, the King who was largely responsible for David's early career. After Henry's death, David upheld his support for his niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, and expanded his power in northern England", "id": "18196008" }, { "contents": "Peter Pelham\n\n\nPeter Pelham (\"ca.\" 1695 – December 1751), American limner and engraver, was born in England, a son of a man named \"gentleman\" in his will. His father, who died in Chichester, Sussex, in 1756, is revealed in letters to his son in America as a man of some property. Pelham was one of several London artists who learned the then new technique of the mezzotint engraving. Of his use of the medium one writer has said: \"Pelham handled the rocker heavily", "id": "21176242" }, { "contents": "Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha\n\n\nheir-apparent to the throne became a more prominent one, and she was named prospective regent by the king and the parliament, should the king die during the minority of her eldest son, the Prince of Wales. This caused a controversy and opposition from Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, who had expected to be given that role instead. The role of designated regent became irrelevant when her son came of age upon his eighteenth birthday in 1756. During the remaining years of the reign of George II, Augusta chose to", "id": "13177075" }, { "contents": "Singu Min\n\n\nSingu Min (, ; 10 May 1756 – 14 February 1782) was the fourth king of the Konbaung dynasty of Myanmar. The king, who came to power amid controversy, largely put an end to his father Hsinbyushin's policy of territorial expansion, which had severely depleted the kingdom's manpower and resources. He stopped his father's latest war against Siam at his accession, effectively ceding Lan Na to the Siamese. Likewise, he took no action when the Laotian states stopped paying tribute in 1778. The only campaigns were", "id": "16585081" }, { "contents": "Minhla Minkhaung Kyaw\n\n\nthe bank, the king discarded royal protocol and waded into the water to see his old friend, who had won him many battles. In Alaungpaya's hands, the general was said to have said \"he was deeply sorry he would have to leave first\". He died soon afterwards, while doctors were trying to save him. The king publicly mourned the death of his chief general and honored him with a funeral under a white umbrella before the whole army. It was 14 July 1756 (3rd waning of Waso 1118", "id": "4489861" }, { "contents": "John White (surgeon)\n\n\nJohn White (c. 1756 – 20 February 1832) was an Irish surgeon and botanical collector. White was born in the townland of Drumaran, near Belcoo, in County Fermanagh in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland, about 1756, and not, as stated in the \"Dictionary of Australian Biography\" and the \"Australian Dictionary of Biography\", in Sussex, England. On 18 June 1778 John White qualified as a surgeon's mate, first rate, following examination at the Company of Surgeons in London. He entered", "id": "4477076" }, { "contents": "Benoni Danks\n\n\nduring the Petitcodiac River Campaign and later the St. John River Campaign, both part of the Expulsion of the Acadians. He was active against the French and their native allies—for the most part the Mi'kmaq. In 1756 his company, men raised mainly in New England, was expanded and became an independent ranger unit in the British Army—often referred to as Danks' Rangers. The company was active between 1756 and 1762 (when it was disbanded). It averaged about 100 men. The unit was based out of", "id": "13740791" }, { "contents": "Sanisera\n\n\nEngland made necessary the presence of watchtowers in different territories between 1798 and 1801. The British ruled Menorca for 70 years in three main phases: 1708-1756; 1763–1781 and 1798-1802. In between phases, the French (1756–1763) and the Spanish (1782–1798) governed the island as well. From the British period in Menorca there are several military buildings, some churches and colonial houses. Another legacy of this British past can be found in the language, since it presents loads of anglicisms. At the entrance to", "id": "13965497" }, { "contents": "John Evans (surgeon)\n\n\nJohn Evans (4 July 1756 – October 1846) was a Welsh surgeon and cartographer. Evans was born on 4 July 1756 at Llwyn-y-groes, Llanymynech on the border between Montgomeryshire, Wales and Shropshire, England. His father was the map-maker John Evans. Evans (the son) was educated at Westminster School and the University of Oxford, where he matriculated in 1773 from Jesus College, Oxford. He obtained degrees of Bachelor of Arts (1778), Master of Arts (1779) and Bachelor", "id": "15603870" }, { "contents": "Thomas Gaugain\n\n\nThomas Gaugain (1756–1812) was a stipple-engraver. Gaugain was born at Abbeville in France in 1756 and moved to England with his family whilst still young. He studied engraving under Richard Houston. He began his artistic career as a painter, and exhibited in 1778 at the Royal Academy, showing \"A Moravian Peasant\", \"The Shepherdess of the Alps\", and a portrait. He continued to exhibit there up to 1782. He married his sister -in-law Mariane Ame Le Cointe on 17 June 1787..", "id": "17413118" }, { "contents": "Lydia Taft\n\n\nknown as Ensign Josiah Taft in the Uxbridge Militia, and later as Lieutenant, and then Captain Josiah Taft in the French and Indian War. He presided over the proceedings of the New England style open town meeting. It is later reported, that Josiah Taft became the largest taxpayer in the town of Uxbridge in 1756. In the fall of 1756, Josiah and Lydia's 18-year-old son, Caleb, became ill, while studying at Harvard, and died on September 19. Josiah went to Boston and Cambridge to bury", "id": "3500035" }, { "contents": "30 Battery (Rogers's Company) Royal Artillery\n\n\nthe globe. At its time of inception the country was embroiled in the Seven Years' War, which ran from 1756-1763. Wrangling with the French was by no means a new thing, but it was during this seven-year period that the Battery or elements of it saw action in two arenas, namely Menorca and then Gibraltar. In 1756 both the military and the Government were deceived by the French into believing that an attack on England was imminent. The French amassed some 50,000 troops near the Channel ports and", "id": "4103564" }, { "contents": "Ketley Ironworks\n\n\nKetley Ironworks was an ironworks in Ketley, in Shropshire, England. Established in 1756, it was one of the largest ironworks in Britain during its ownership by William Reynolds and his brother Joseph. The site's location is (). Abraham Darby II and Thomas Goldney III leased land from Lord Gower in 1756; by 1758 there were two blast furnaces in operation on the site. In 1775 Richard Reynolds, a partner since 1757, bought Goldney's shares. In 1776 there were three furnaces, and in 1785 a forge", "id": "6978959" }, { "contents": "Premier Grand Lodge of England\n\n\nthe influence of Laurence Dermott, who was Grand Secretary from 1752 to 1771, and deputy Grand Master intermittently thereafter. (As the Grand Masters of the period were mainly noble figureheads, it was the Deputy Grand Master who actually directed the Grand Lodge.) It also benefited from early recognition by the Grand Lodges of Ireland and Scotland. Dermott wrote a new \"Book of Constitutions\" for his Grand Lodge, entitled Ahiman Rezon. Published in 1756, the first edition expressed a wish for reconciliation with the other Grand Lodge.", "id": "1646832" }, { "contents": "Belle (2013 film)\n\n\n, a 1790 work by the Scottish professor of moral philosophy James Beattie, who met Belle and in the book states she recited poetry with \"a degree of elegance\" equal to any English child of her age, arguing against the then prevailing theory that \"negroes are naturally and utterly incapable of distinct articulation\". William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, who was Lord Chief Justice of England from 1756 to 1788, presided over two important cases, \"Somerset v Stewart\" in 1772 and the \"Zong\" insurance claims", "id": "17659724" }, { "contents": "Trafford Hall\n\n\nin the second story, with a diocletian window above. The interior contains a \"fine staircase\" with twisted balusters. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. George Edward Gerrard built Trafford Hall in 1756. He came from a family who had owned land in Wimbolds Trafford for over a century. He was born in 1723 and in 1750 married Elizabeth Johnson who was the only daughter of George Johnson Esq. of Warrington. The couple had three children, a", "id": "442838" }, { "contents": "Goldsmid family\n\n\nGoldsmid is the name of a family of Anglo-Jewish bankers who sprang from Aaron Goldsmid (died 1782), a Dutch merchant who settled in England about 1763. Two of his sons, Benjamin Goldsmid (c. 1753-1808) and Abraham Goldsmid (c. 1756-1810), began business together about 1777 as bill-brokers in London, and soon became great powers in the money market, during the Napoleonic war, through their dealings with the government. Abraham Goldsmid was in 1810 joint contractor with the Barings for", "id": "6456205" }, { "contents": "Rule of 1756\n\n\nThe Rule of 1756 or Rule of the War of 1756 was a policy of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was promulgated during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). It ruled that Britain would not trade with neutral nations who were also trading with the enemy. The rule was devised and approved by the British Admiralty courts, which maintained that if a neutral nation were prohibited from a particular type of trade during peacetime, then it would also be prohibited", "id": "17772180" }, { "contents": "Coup of 1756\n\n\n. The protocols from the debate is, however, not preserved. Reportedly, there were suggestions to have her separated from the king through divorce, or have her exiled from the Kingdom, or to a distant province of it. In the end, however, no action was taken against her, possible with consideration to foreign powers. On 4 August 1756, a delegation from the Riksdag, led by the Arch Bishop and Bishop Samuel Troilius, presented Louisa Ulrika with an note, which she was made to reply with a", "id": "21918493" }, { "contents": "John Dandridge\n\n\nCol. John Dandridge Jr. of Chestnut Grove (13/14 July 1700 – 31 August 1756) was a distinguished colonel, planter, politician, and Clerk of the Courts of New Kent County, Virginia from 1730 to 1756. Dandridge is best known as the father of the first First Lady of the United States Martha Washington, wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States. Born on 13 July 1700 in England, Dandridge was the youngest son of Col. John Dandridge Sr. (Oxford, Oxfordshire, April", "id": "13494123" }, { "contents": "Margaret Calderwood\n\n\n. Calderwood met her brother in Liege and she wrote letters, in addition to keeping a journal from her departure on 3 June 1756. Her brother was living in the southern Netherlands because he was on a list of traitors. She visited him there with her husband, two servants and her sons, William and James. At the end of 1756 she realised the value of her journals and letters and she was the first to edit them into what she called volumes. They described her journey from Scotland and through England to Rotterdam", "id": "18261390" }, { "contents": "Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres\n\n\n. Upon the completion of his studies he left for England. There he enrolled at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. It was there that Des Barres trained to become a military officer, and studied military surveying. His training would also benefit him later in life for surveying, map making, and coastal charting. In 1756 he was commissioned into the Royal Americans (the 62nd Foot later known as the 60th Foot). In 1756 Des Barres sailed to North America and was with Edward Boscawen's fleet when it attacked the", "id": "2589858" }, { "contents": "Thomas Law (1756–1834)\n\n\nThomas Law (October 23, 1756 – 1834), was a reformer of British policy in India, where he served as collector of revenue for the East India Company. Working with Lord Conwallis, governor-general of India, Law formulated a major policy known as the Permanent Settlement, which served as the basis for land tenure and taxation policy for natives during subsequent decades of British rule. He returned to England for his health in 1791, and emigrated to the United States in 1794. He settled in Washington, D.C.", "id": "4785483" }, { "contents": "Leeds Pottery\n\n\nLeeds Pottery, also known as Hartley Greens & Co., is a pottery manufacturer founded around 1756 in Hunslet, just south of Leeds, England. It is best known for its creamware, which is often called Leedsware. Leeds Pottery has had a long and complex corporate history. It was created in Hunslet by John Green and Joshua Green, unrelated, around 1756, joined by Richard Humble in 1775 to become Humble, Green, and Co. Circa 1783 a businessman named William Hartley joined the firm, and the firm renamed Hartley", "id": "6208504" }, { "contents": "James Currie (physician)\n\n\nJames Currie FRS (31 May 1756 in Dumfriesshire, Scotland – 31 August 1805 in Sidmouth) was a Scottish physician, best known for his anthology and biography of Robert Burns and his medical reports on the use of water in the treatment of fever. A watercolour portrait by Horace Hone (1756–1825) is in the National Galleries of Scotland. His early attempt to set up a merchanting business in Virginia was a failure and he returned to Scotland. After qualifying as a medical doctor he established a successful practice in Liverpool, England", "id": "7618662" }, { "contents": "William Drayton Sr.\n\n\nWilliam Drayton Sr. (March 21, 1732 – May 18, 1790) was Chief Justice of the British American Province of East Florida and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina. Born March 21, 1732, near the Ashley River in the Province of South Carolina, British America, Drayton graduated from the Middle Temple in London, England in 1754 and read law in 1756. He was a Justice of the Peace in Berkeley County, Province of South Carolina from 1756", "id": "8271250" }, { "contents": "Louis XV of France\n\n\nA few months later, on 16 January 1756, Frederick the Great of Prussia signed the Treaty of Westminster, allying himself with Britain. Louis responded immediately on 1 May 1756 by sealing a formal defensive treaty with Austria, the first Treaty of Versailles, offering to defend Austria in case of a Prussian attack. This was a complete reversal of France's historic conflict with Austria, which had been underway for nearly two hundred years, and it was shocking to many in the French Court. Louis declared war on England on 9", "id": "9396559" }, { "contents": "Johannes Pieterse van Brugh\n\n\ndaughter Catharina, he was the grandfather of Maria Van Rensselaer (1689–1756), who married Samuel Ten Broeck (1680–1756), son of Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck; Catherine Van Rensselaer (1691–1770), who married Johannes Ten Broeck (1683–1765), another son of Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck; Anna Van Rensselaer (1696–1756), who married Peter Douw (grandparents of Peter Gansevoort and great-great-grandparents of Herman Melville); Johannes Van Rensselaer (1707/08–1783), who married Engeltje Livingston (1698–1746/7) and Gertrude Van Cortlandt", "id": "17805880" }, { "contents": "Charles Vancouver\n\n\nCharles Vancouver (c. 1756 – c. 1815) was an Anglo-American agricultural writer. He was baptised in a Dutch family at King's Lynn, Norfolk in November 1756, and was an elder brother of George Vancouver. He learned farming in Norfolk, and then was found, around 1776, a post in Ireland working for Lord Shelburne by Arthur Young, at Rahan. He worked there on bog drainage, and during the 1780s took on related reclamation work in Kentucky. Kentucky was being settled at this time by westward", "id": "1315605" }, { "contents": "Kingdom of France\n\n\nthe Austrian Succession (1740–48). But alliance with the traditional Habsburg enemy (the \"Diplomatic Revolution\" of 1756) against the rising power of Britain and Prussia led to costly failure in the Seven Years' War (1756–63) and the loss of France's North American colonies. On the whole, the 18th century saw growing discontent with the monarchy and the established order. Louis XV was a highly unpopular king for his sexual excesses, overall weakness, and for losing Canada to the British. A strong ruler like Louis", "id": "14579403" }, { "contents": "William Beverley\n\n\nRiver in 1745 for speculation and settlement. Beverley's land sales totaled by 1744, and by his death in 1756 he had sold and made a profit of £2,647. According to his 1756 will, Beverley owned land in Essex, Isle of Wight, King and Queen and Prince William Counties; in Caroline County, including the Pewmazeno and Beverley Chace properties and land lots in Port Royal; a land tract of , known as Elkwood, in Culpeper County, and lots in the towns of Falmouth and Fredericksburg. According to", "id": "16345603" }, { "contents": "James Nares\n\n\nKing's Choristers), Johann Christoph Pepusch and William Croft. His patron and friend was John Fountayne, the Dean of York. He replaced his tutor, Gates, as chorister at the Chapel Royal in 1756. At this time the University of Cambridge bestowed the degree Doctor of Music upon him. He was assistant organist at St George's Chapel in Windsor, then succeeded Salisbury at York Minster, before returning to the Chapel Royal in 1756 to become organist and composer to George III, succeeding Maurice Greene. It is believed", "id": "18441815" }, { "contents": "Pierre-Joseph Bourcet\n\n\nin his tour of inspection of the Alps. Contrary to claims about his role on the army staff in the Seven Years' War, he was director of the fortifications at Dauphiné from 1756 (appointed 1 June 1756) to 1777. At the end of 1759, he was made king's chief commissioner and charged with delineating the border between France and Piedmont-Sardinia, a mission concluded by treaty on 24 March 1760. That year also saw him involved in diplomatic missions to the Sardianian court in 1760. By 1762,", "id": "19712306" }, { "contents": "Austrian colonization of the Nicobar Islands\n\n\nwas canceled; and the third attempt, in 1886, was abandoned due to prior colonization by the British in 1868. The Nicobar Islands were officially colonized by the Danish on 1 January 1756. Denmark owned a significant port in India, Tranquebar, and decided to colonize the islands, citing the lack of native resistance, the ease of access, and relative vicinity to Tranquebar. In December of 1756, the Danish stylized the islands Frederick's Islands, which had its name taken from the then-King of Denmark, Frederick", "id": "20782508" }, { "contents": "Constantine III, Prince of Mukhrani\n\n\nConstantine III (, \"Konstantine III Mukhranbatoni\") (1696 – 26 October 1756) was a Georgian prince and the head of the Mukhrani branch of the royal Bagrationi dynasty of Kartli. He was Prince (\"batoni\") of Mukhrani and \"ex officio\" commander of the Banner of Shida Kartli and Grand Master of the Household (\"msakhurt-ukhutsesi\") at the court of Kartli from 1735 and 1756. Constantine was a military commander under his suzerains, Georgian kings Teimuraz II and Heraclius II. He served", "id": "4684842" } ]

[ { "contents": "Sparta of Synriannaq\n\n\nrestoration of Donna's true memories. Athyns, who was also serving the Titans of Myth, aided The Teen Titans and The Outsiders, who had come in search of Donna, in defeating the Titans of Myth. They were later banished into Tartarus by Troia. As one of the Titan Seeds, Sparta possessed considerable power, but after destroying most of the other Seeds, and adding their power to her own, they increased exponentially. The full range of what she was capable of remains unknown, but the most typical power", "id": "14001364" }, { "contents": "Titan (1963 computer)\n\n\n, leaving Cambridge with the prototype version, named Titan. The Atlas hardware arrived in Cambridge in 1963, although software design was already underway. David Wheeler was in charge of the joint effort between the University and Ferranti. In 1965 the Cambridge side of the team decided to add a time-sharing facility for Titan, necessitating the acquisition of additional hardware. When Titan came into full service in 1966, time sharing was available for all staff. Titan was finally switched off in October 1973. Ferranti, by then a division", "id": "3359285" }, { "contents": "The Chambermaid on the Titanic\n\n\na ticket to Southampton to see the sailing of the \"RMS Titanic\". The night before the \"Titanic\" departs, Horty meets a beautiful young woman named Marie, who explains that she is a chambermaid aboard the \"Titanic\". Marie has nowhere to sleep because all of the local hotels are full, and Horty agrees to share his room. Their encounter is seemingly chaste, with Marie sleeping in the bed while Horty spends the night in the armchair. However, in the middle of the night Marie tries to", "id": "12396911" }, { "contents": "Clock King\n\n\nkill all the time-travelers, and mentions someone \"ending up like Time Commander and Clock Queen.\" A new Clock King appears in \"Teen Titans\" #56 as the head of a team of villains named the Terror Titans. In an interview with \"Teen Titans\" writer Sean McKeever, he described this Clock King as \"... Very smart. He sees things differently than others\". Although his full name has not been confirmed, Disruptor did refer to him as \"Tem\" before being killed. His", "id": "5911201" }, { "contents": "Nissan Titan\n\n\nThe Nissan Titan is a full-size pickup truck manufactured in the United States for the North American market by Nissan. It was named for the Titans of Greek mythology. Development of the Titan began in September 1999, with design work under Diane Allen. Giovanny Arroba's TA60 exterior was chosen in late 2000, with a final production freeze in July 2001. The design language of the future truck was previewed by the 2001 Alpha T concept shown at the 2001 Detroit Auto Show, which had previously developed through November 2000.", "id": "8760425" }, { "contents": "Crash of the Titans\n\n\n, and depletes when he stops. When it is full, the Titan is stunned and susceptible to \"jacking\", meaning Crash can mount the creature and control it. While controlled by the player, the Titan possesses a similar moveset to Crash, although some jacked Titans can shoot projectiles. Besides greater health, the Titans controlled by Crash have a purple Titan Meter. When this meter is full, players can make the Titan unleash a special attack, which fully drains the meter in the process. A Titan's durability", "id": "6707439" }, { "contents": "Gold Coast Titans\n\n\ntruly embodies what it is to be a Titan. James Frizelle's Automotive Group & Audi Centre Gold Coast, a local car dealership, signed on as the first major sponsorship partner for the franchise, with a deal lasting three years. The Gold Coast Titans officially became the \"Jetstar Gold Coast Titans\", on 20 September 2006, with the announcement of a five-year multimillion-dollar naming rights sponsorship with Qantas owned Jetstar Airways. Later in 2006 Castlemaine Perkins, brewer of XXXX beer, signed a five-year", "id": "1841022" }, { "contents": "Superboy (Kon-El)\n\n\n, Lex Luthor is able to co-opt Conner to reach his \"full potential,\" which results in a brutal, mind-controlled attack by Superboy that levels the Titans. His mind is eventually restored, and he is horrified at what he's done to his team and friends. Afterwards, Conner takes a leave of absence from the Titans and secludes himself in the Kents' home. He is unsure as to whether or not, being a clone, he even has a soul. There, Raven shows him", "id": "9879208" }, { "contents": "Leyland Titan (front-engined double-decker)\n\n\nfamous utility Guy Arab Is and IIs, the earliest being bodied in early 1942. TD9 was used internally for the design work on what would become the post-war PD1 and PD2 Titans. Despite G J Rackham's scepticism about the three-axle double-deck bus, Leyland built a derivative of the Titan to cater for this market and named it the Titanic. Unlike the rather short-lived Karrier and Guy six-wheelers, but like the slightly later AEC Renown, it had an inter-axle differential to", "id": "8699774" }, { "contents": "Teen Titans (season 4)\n\n\nnetwork, it was replaced full-time by its related show \"The Batman\" (2004–08) and \"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\" (2002–06). Warner Bros. Home Video released the fourth season on DVD in the United States and Canada on November 20, 2007. Upon its release, the season received critical acclaim particularity for its main storyline and its level of maturity. Season four of \"Teen Titans\" aired on Cartoon Network from January 15 to July 16, 2005. The season was produced", "id": "10600665" }, { "contents": "Titanic (musical)\n\n\nwith their station. Charles Clarke, who is traveling to America to become a journalist, is accompanied by his fiancee Caroline Neville. Caroline's father doesn't approve of the engagement, so they are eloping to America. In First Class, the titans of industry recount the accomplishments that man has recently achieved, with the \"Titanic\" becoming the pinnacle. (\"What a Remarkable Age This Is!\"). In steerage, three Irish lasses—each named Kate—dream with the rest of Third Class of the", "id": "17423749" }, { "contents": "Lifeboats of the RMS Titanic\n\n\nhad been carried out since \"Titanic\" left Southampton. A lifeboat drill had been scheduled for the morning before the ship sank, but was cancelled, allegedly because the ship's captain, Edward Smith, wanted to deliver one last Sunday service before he went into full retirement. Lists had been posted on the ship allocating crew members to particular lifeboat stations, but few appeared to have read them or to have known what they were supposed to do. Most of the crew were, in any case, not seamen, and", "id": "10401727" }, { "contents": "Detroit Titans football\n\n\nThe Detroit Titans were the college football team representing what was then known as the University of Detroit (now the University of Detroit Mercy) from 1896 to 1964. In 1928 under Gus Dorais, the team finished with a record of 9-0-0. Several years later Parke H. Davis, considered to be a \"major selector\" by the NCAA, named the 1928 team to a share of the national championship. From 1922 to the end of the university's football program in 1964 the Titans played their home games", "id": "422028" }, { "contents": "Star Trek: Titan\n\n\nRiker, who has served as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard for fifteen years aboard two different starships named \"Enterprise\", marries his longtime on-again, off-again love, ship's counselor, Commander Deanna Troi. By the end of the film, Riker has been promoted to Captain, and he and Troi transfer to the USS \"Titan\", Riker's first permanent command. According to the \"Titan\" series book description at Amazon.com, the series take place in what is regarded as a", "id": "19247070" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic alternative theories\n\n\n. Everything else was standard White Star issue and was interchangeable between the two ships, and other vessels in the White Star fleet. While all other White Star Line Ships had their names engraved into their hulls, the \"Titanic\" alone had her name riveted over the top. The plan, Gardiner suggests, was to dispose of the \"Olympic\", which had allegedly been damaged beyond economic repair, in a way that would allow White Star to collect the full insured value of a brand new ship. He supposes that", "id": "11252686" }, { "contents": "The Chambermaid on the Titanic\n\n\nco-workers about the lovely chambermaid he met in Southampton, earning him free drinks and tips. Following the sinking of the Titanic, Horty's tales become increasingly erotic, and the viewer is never sure what is truth and what is fantasy. Horty catches the attention of a traveling entertainer named Zeppe. Zeppe offers Horty the chance to escape his dismal dreary life. Horty agrees and begins to work with Zeppe, converting his story into a play. One night, Zoe attends the play; later, Horty explains his tale", "id": "12396913" }, { "contents": "Donna Troy\n\n\na new costume incorporating mystical gifts from the Titans of Myth. During the \"Titans Hunt\" storyline, Donna discovers she is pregnant; in the \"New Titans Annual\" #7 (1991), a group calling themselves the Team Titans appears, intent on killing her. They come from a future in which Donna's son is born with the full powers of a god and full awareness of them, which drives him mad. He instantly ages himself, kills his mother, and becomes a dictator known as Lord Chaos", "id": "4191644" }, { "contents": "Nate Myles\n\n\nthe year. He was also named the 2012 Gold Coast Titans season's best player and awarded the club's annual Paul Broughton Medal. He was named a Titans co-captain for 2013 alongside Greg Bird. Myles was selected for Australia in the 2013 ANZAC Test and played from the interchange bench. In what was the first test match ever played in Canberra, New Zealand were defeated. Myles played all three games of the 2013 State of Origin series in which Queensland extended their record for consecutive series victories to eight. On", "id": "19861935" }, { "contents": "Ngami Lacuna\n\n\nNgami Lacuna is a feature on Saturn's largest moon, Titan, believed to be a currently dry bed of an intermittent hydrocarbon lake. When full, the lake would be composed of liquid methane and ethane. It was detected in 2007 by the \"Cassini–Huygens\" space probe. Ngami Lacuna is located at coordinates 66.7°N and 213.9°W on Titan's globe and is 37.2 km in diameter. It is named after Lake Ngami, in Botswana, and like its terrestrial namesake is considered to be endorheic.", "id": "19138167" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic in popular culture\n\n\nInc, while Daniel Allen Butler provides a scholarly examination of the \"Titanic\" story in his 1998 book \"Unsinkable: The Full Story of the RMS Titanic\". Robin Gardiner's 1995 and 1998 books \"Riddle of the Titanic\" and \"Titanic: The Ship that Never Sank\", put forward a conspiracy theory that the wreck is actually that of the RMS \"Olympic\", which supposedly the White Star Line had secretly switched with \"Titanic\" as part of an insurance scam. A variety of novels set aboard", "id": "171987" }, { "contents": "Titan Quest: Immortal Throne\n\n\nduring the late development stages of \"Titan Quest\", with staff drawing up feature lists and choosing what features to improve and what additions to make. According to producer Michael Verrette, \"Immortal Throne\" was considered an extension of \"Titan Quest\", as many of the elements it included were features that could not be included in the original game due to time constraints. Multiple staff from \"Titan Quest\" returned, either in their original roles or different roles: Verrette became producer after being a sound designer for the", "id": "20428400" }, { "contents": "Thanos: Titan Consumed\n\n\nwill be severely punished if he does, and urges him to forget about his mother. As Thanos grows into a young adult, he gets the feeling that there is a flaw with Titan, but is uncertain of what it is. Many years later, while A'Lars is away on a business trip, Sintaa takes Thanos out and introduces him to a girl named Gwynith. Gwynith and Thanos quickly bond with each other and share a kiss, inspiring Thanos to try to visit his mother again. Thanos goes to the hospital and", "id": "1265899" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic\n\n\nmay have made the ship more vulnerable to its fate. \"Titanic\" received a series of warnings from other ships of drifting ice in the area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. One of the ships to warn \"Titanic\" was the Atlantic Line's . Nevertheless, the ship continued to steam at full speed, which was standard practice at the time. Although the ship was not trying to set a speed record, timekeeping was a priority, and under prevailing maritime practices, ships were often operated at close to full", "id": "8407981" }, { "contents": "Attack on Titan\n\n\nrecover the Founding Titan. Eren learns that despite his lack of royal ancestry, he may be able to use the Founding Titan's full \"Coordinate\" power through physical contact with a titan of royal blood. Four years after the Battle of Shiganshina, a conflict between Marley and a combined offensive sees the emergence of conventional weapons capable of defeating Titans. Fearing the military obsolescence of Eldians will lead to their genocide, the Warriors work with the influential Tybur family, retainers of the War Hammer Titan, to recruit global support for", "id": "10927389" }, { "contents": "Crash: Mind over Mutant\n\n\ndefeat, larger enemies, known as \"Titans\", require more effort to subdue. Each of the unique Titans in the game possess a star meter that indicates how close they are to being stunned. When the meter is full, the Titan is susceptible to \"jacking\", meaning Crash can mount the creature and control it. While controlled by the player, the Titan possesses a similar moveset to Crash, although some jacked Titans can shoot projectiles. Besides having more health, the Titans controlled by Crash have a purple", "id": "21469157" }, { "contents": "Crash: Mind over Mutant\n\n\nTitan Meter which, when full, allows the Titan to unleash a powerful special attack. This fully drains the meter in the process. A feature new to the series involves Crash storing a Titan in his pocket and utilizing it when it is most advantageous. When Crash is riding a Titan, any Mojo collected goes to the Titan. If enough is collected, the Titan's abilities are upgraded rather than Crash's. A player using a second controller can join in the game at any time. The second player will initially", "id": "21469158" }, { "contents": "Starfire (Teen Titans)\n\n\nafter being hit with technology designed to drain her powers. Starfire, at first, seemingly no longer remembers the Teen Titans when asked about them. However, it's later shown that she does retain her memories and recalls Dick Grayson and Roy's full name. Her sexual desires are brought up very casually when she offhandedly offers Harper a chance to sleep with her. Kory tells Jason and Roy that Tamaraneans are said to have a short attention span when it comes to \"all things Earth\", seeing humans as little more", "id": "16182417" }, { "contents": "Huygens (spacecraft)\n\n\nfound the brightness of the surface of Titan (at time of landing) to be about one thousand times dimmer than full solar illumination on Earth (or 500 times brighter than illumination by full moonlight)—that is, the illumination level experienced about ten minutes after sunset on Earth, approximately late civil twilight. The color of the sky and the scene on Titan is mainly orange due to the much greater attenuation of blue light by Titan's haze relative to red light. The Sun (which was comparatively high in the sky when \"Huygens", "id": "14629537" }, { "contents": "Greg Bird (rugby league)\n\n\n. In 2011, he was selected for New South Wales in all three games of the 2011 State of Origin series. In September 2011, he was again selected for the Prime Minister's XIII team to play Papua New Guinea. On 11 January 2013, he re-signed with the Titans on a four-year contract. He was named a Titans co-captain for 2013 alongside Nate Myles. Bird was selected for Australia in the 2013 ANZAC Test and played at second-row forward. In what was the first", "id": "10703396" }, { "contents": "Deathstroke\n\n\nteam. Shortly after inducting Arsenal into the team, Slade accepts a mission to rescue a child from a drug lord named Elijah. After discovering that Elijah is using the bodies of kidnapped children to create an addictive drug called Bliss, the Titans promptly kill the gangster and shut down his operation. As the Titans are preparing to return to the Labyrinth, Cheshire notices that Slade has tied up DJ Molecule, a powerful metahuman who was working for Elijah as a bodyguard. When asked what he is doing with the young man,", "id": "16183585" }, { "contents": "Jericho (comics)\n\n\nson, but Jericho possesses him, disgusted at what his father did to achieve his restoration. He intends to destroy first the Methuselah Device, then himself and Deathstroke. While the Titans fight over the machine, its power source, a metahuman named DJ Molecule, is released. DJ Molecule blasts Deathstroke, knocking Jericho out of his body and is then slashed by Cheshire. When Cinder sacrifices herself to destroy the machine, Jericho is carried out by Arsenal. Arsenal and Jericho then decide to form a new team of Titans to", "id": "16671553" }, { "contents": "Imran Tahir\n\n\ncoach Mickey Arthur said \"I'm not entirely sure what the issues are between him and the Titans, but the Titans obviously aren't going to pick him because they'd rather pick the young leggie they have\". He holds the record for representing highest number of teams (27) in the world. He moved to the Highveld Lions in 2012. In January 2018, he was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the 2018 IPL auction. In October 2018, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Giants' squad", "id": "21679613" }, { "contents": "Atlas (Marvel Comics)\n\n\ninto the wet cement that an unidentified celebrity was going to put their hands in later on. Atlas is one of the Titan. He took a lesser goddess named Pleione as his wife. When it came to the Titanomachy, Atlas sided with his father Cronus in his fight against Zeus. While most of the Titans that were on Cronus' side were imprisoned in Tartarus, Atlas was condemned by Zeus to hold up the heavens. His location was at the Atlas Mountains in what would be Morocco. When Perseus neared his location", "id": "5270517" }, { "contents": "Lotte Chemical Titan\n\n\n, Indonesia, PT. TITAN adds 3 Polyethylene plants to Titan Chemicals' portfolio. On November 2010, Titan Chemicals was acquired by Honam Petrochemical Corp. South Korea’s Honam Petrochemical Corp has received full acceptance to take Titan Chemicals Corp private, by acquiring the remaining 27.25% shares it does not own at RM2.35 apiece. Titan shares, for which acceptance had been received by Honam after the posting date and up to 5 pm closing date on 24 December 2010, were listed as 27.25%, representing 470.89 million shares, according to", "id": "2937613" }, { "contents": "Titans Tower\n\n\nnew team of teenagers. The new base, unlike previous Titans HQ's, appears to be only one story high, lying flat on the island, in the shape of a stylized 'T'. The full-extent and design of the new Titans base was never properly developed unfortunately, as soon after the team was assembled, they were attacked by a resurrected Trigon. Following the defeat and Trigon and his sons, the new team of adult Titans have moved into the new Titans Compound in New York. The future", "id": "12072479" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic\n\n\nstern-first towards \"Titanic\". A nearby tugboat, \"Vulcan\", came to the rescue by taking \"New York\" under tow, and Captain Smith ordered \"Titanic\"s engines to be put \"full astern\". The two ships avoided a collision by a matter of about . The incident delayed \"Titanic\"s departure for about an hour, while the drifting \"New York\" was brought under control. After making it safely through the complex tides and channels of Southampton Water and the Solent, \"Titanic\" disembarked", "id": "8407972" }, { "contents": "BC Titans\n\n\nThe BC Titans were a professional basketball team in the International Basketball League located in Langley, British Columbia. The team name was announced on April 2, 2008 and the Titans started play in 2009. The Titans played all home games at the Langley Event Centre. The Titans joined the International Basketball League as the second Canadian team, after the Edmonton Energy. They were previously known as the Vancouver Titans. To reduce confusion with the Vancouver Volcanoes, the Titans changed their name to the BC Titans for the 2010 season. According", "id": "21976750" }, { "contents": "Atlassian\n\n\nname derives from the Titan Atlas from Greek mythology who had been punished to hold up the Heavens after the Greek gods had overthrown the Titans. This was reflected in the company's logo used from 2011 through to the 2017 re-branding through a blue X-shaped figure holding up what is shown to be the bottom of the sky. Atlassian released its flagship product, Jira – a project and issue tracker, in 2002. In 2004, it released Confluence, a team collaboration platform that lets users work together on projects", "id": "17575537" }, { "contents": "2019 Tennessee Titans season\n\n\nThe 2019 Tennessee Titans season is the franchise's 50th season in the National Football League and the 60th overall. It will also mark the franchise's 23rd season in the state of Tennessee, 21st in Nashville, and the second full season under head coach Mike Vrabel. On January 8, 2019, Titans offensive coordinator Matt LaFleur was hired as the head coach of the Green Bay Packers. On January 21, 2019, Titans tight ends coach Aruthur Smith was promoted to the role of offensive coordinator. The Titans' preseason schedule", "id": "14533413" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic in popular culture\n\n\n\"Carpathia\" arriving at New York, the \"Titanic\" survivors disembarking and the crowds gathering outside the White Star Line offices in Brooklyn as lists of the casualties were being posted. Gaumont's \"Titanic\" newsreel was hugely successful and played to packed houses around the world. The first \"Titanic\" newsreels appeared in Australia as early as 27 April, while in Germany the Martin Dentler company promised that its \"Titanic\" newsreel would \"guarantee a full house!\". In many places, patrons were handed copies of", "id": "171940" }, { "contents": "Trenton Titans\n\n\nbe retired by the franchise, was named senior adviser of hockey operations for the team. Former Titans' general manager from 2001–05, Richard Lisk, rejoined the team and was appointed to be the franchise's president and CEO. Former Titans defenseman and previous assistant coach during the Trenton Devils years Vince Williams was named head coach of the Titans on August 1, 2011. NHL veteran and original Titan Todd Fedoruk was named assistant coach on November 9, 2011. On August 28, 2012 the Titans announced the addition of Joe Trotta", "id": "18501394" }, { "contents": "Titan (mythology)\n\n\nthe Titans. She also asserts that the word \"Titan\" comes from the Greek τίτανος, signifying white \"earth, clay, or gypsum,\" and that the Titans were \"white clay men\", or men covered by white clay or gypsum dust in their rituals. Martin Litchfield West also asserts this in relation to shamanistic initiatory rites of early Greek religious practices. The planet Saturn is named for the Roman equivalent of the Titan Cronus. Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is named after the Titans generally, and", "id": "3295615" }, { "contents": "List of Teen Titans comics\n\n\nthe event. Thirty years after the original \"Teen Titans\" series debut, and just nine months after the demise of \"New Titans\" (\"New Teen Titans\" vol. 2), a new Titans series was launched (in October 1996) as the second \"Teen Titans\"-named series. The series was spearheaded by writer/penciller Dan Jurgens, who wrote and drew all twenty-four issues (with inks for the first 15 issues by Titans-favourite George Pérez). Although the name was the same,", "id": "6332723" }, { "contents": "Titan Corporation\n\n\nTitan Corporation was a United States-based company with its headquarters located in San Diego, California. It was acquired by L-3 Communications on June 3, 2005 and operated as the \"Titan Group\" of L-3 Communications. In early 2007, divisions using the Titan Group name were internally directed to discontinue use of the \"Titan\" moniker and were given new names. Founded in 1981, Titan specialized in providing information and communications products, solutions, and services for intelligence agencies and the Department of Homeland Security. Titan provided information", "id": "8580881" }, { "contents": "Titan (Blizzard Entertainment project)\n\n\ntraced to their \"Titan\" roots, such as the character Tracer, who originally was one of the skins available for the Jumper class in \"Titan\", and the map \"Temple of Anubis\" that had been developed for \"Titan\". \"Overwatch\" was formally announced on November 7, 2014, and released May 24, 2016. Morhaime stated in 2019 that the decision to take what they had done for \"Titan\" but limit its scope with tighter control as to produce \"Overwatch\" was one of", "id": "13836139" }, { "contents": "Attack on Titan\n\n\nof a powerful shogun through her mother's side of the family. Through his emissary Yelena, Zeke proposed passing his Titan power to Historia, which would enable Eren to use the Founding Titan's full power to deter foreign invasion until Hizuru modernizes Paradis. Because users of Titan power die thirteen years after their acquisition, the proposition demanded that Historia produce heirs to ensure the availability of the Founding Titan's power. Eren disapproved of this arrangement and instead infiltrated Marley alone and without authorization, coercing the Survey Corps's assistance. In", "id": "10927392" }, { "contents": "Ocean\n\n\nhave internal oceans, or may once have had internal oceans that have now frozen. Large bodies of liquid hydrocarbons are thought to be present on the surface of Titan, although they are not large enough to be considered oceans and are sometimes referred to as \"lakes\" or seas. The Cassini–Huygens space mission initially discovered only what appeared to be dry lakebeds and empty river channels, suggesting that Titan had lost what surface liquids it might have had. Later flybys of Titan provided radar and infrared images that showed a series", "id": "19023268" }, { "contents": "Moons of Saturn\n\n\nto name them after mythological figures associated with the Roman titan of time, Saturn (equated to the Greek Cronus). In particular, the then known seven satellites were named after Titans, Titanesses and Giants—brothers and sisters of Cronus. In 1848, Lassell proposed that the eighth satellite of Saturn be named Hyperion after another Titan. When in the 20th century the names of Titans were exhausted, the moons were named after different characters of the Greco-Roman mythology or giants from other mythologies. All the irregular moons (", "id": "13336741" }, { "contents": "Thaumas\n\n\nIn Greek mythology, Thaumas (; ; \"gen\".: Θαύμαντος) was a sea god, son of Pontus and Gaia, and the full brother of Nereus, Phorcys, Ceto and Eurybia. According to Hesiod, Thaumas' wife was Electra, one of the Oceanids, the many daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys, by whom he fathered Iris, the messenger of the gods, and the Harpies. The names of Thaumas' Harpy daughters vary. Hesiod and Apollodorus name them: Aello and Ocypete. Virgil,", "id": "4297494" }, { "contents": "Wreck of the RMS Titanic\n\n\na large-scale permanent exhibition of \"Titanic\" artefacts at the Luxor hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The exhibit is the home of the \"Big Piece\" of the hull retrieved in 1998 and features conserved items including luggage, \"Titanic\"s whistles, floor tiles and an unopened bottle of champagne. The exhibit includes a full-scale replica of the ship's Grand Staircase and part of the Promenade Deck, and even a mock-up of the iceberg. It also runs a travelling exhibition called \"Titanic", "id": "11727487" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic in popular culture\n\n\nwas shot on a vast, nearly full-scale replica of \"Titanic\"s starboard side built in Baja California, Mexico. The film was converted into 3D and re-released on 4 April 2012 to coincide with the centenary of the sinking. Cameron's film is the only \"Titanic\" drama to have been partially filmed aboard the vessel, which the Canadian director visited in two Russian submersibles in the summer of 1995. With the advent of television, the themes and social microcosm provided by the \"Titanic\" scenario inspired TV", "id": "171970" }, { "contents": "Table Titans\n\n\nunfamiliar with the rules of \"D&D\". His character is Draziw, a half-elf wizard. While the other Titans were not initially fond of him, he is accepted as a full Titan by the end of the first season. The dungeon master (DM) for the game. He values story ahead of stats. The Titans initially do not like him as a DM, but are forced to accept him because nobody else wants to put up with them. Later, they warm up to him and decide to", "id": "2804441" }, { "contents": "Hecatoncheires\n\n\nand your untouchable hands\" and join in the war against the Titans. And Cottus, speaking for the Hundred-Handers, agreed saying: And so the Hundred-Handers \"took up their positions against the Titans ... holding enormous boulders in their massive hands\", and a final great battle was fought. Striding forth from Olympus, Zeus unleashed the full fury of his thunderbolt, stunning and blinding the Titans, while the Hundred-handers pelted them with enormous boulders: Thus the Titans were finally defeated and cast into Tartarus", "id": "323604" }, { "contents": "Titans of Myth (comics)\n\n\n. They would then use the combined power of their collective faith to open a passageway into another reality, where they would be safe from destruction. Donna was another means to that end until she was found by the Teen Titans and The Outsiders who restored her true memories. This was not without casualties, however. Sparta (who was restored to full mental health and stripped of the bulk of her power) had been made an officer in the Titans of Myth's royal military. She was sacrificed by the Titans of Myth", "id": "3802775" }, { "contents": "Titanic (1997 film)\n\n\nwith full houses until almost 3:30 am\". \"Titanic\" held the record for box office gross for twelve years. Cameron's follow-up film, \"Avatar\", was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross, and did so in 2010. Various explanations for why the film was able to successfully challenge \"Titanic\" were given. For one, \"Two-thirds of \"Titanic\" haul was earned overseas, and \"Avatar\" [tracked] similarly... \"Avatar\"", "id": "7082821" }, { "contents": "Herbert Haddock\n\n\nTitanic\", Haddock calculated a new course and headed directly to her. He also sent for an engineer to set the ship's engines to full power. When from \"Titanic\", at approximately 1600 ET on 15 April, Haddock received a message from Captain Rostron of RMS \"Carpathia\", explaining that continuing on course to \"Titanic\" would gain nothing, as \"All boats accounted for. About 675 souls saved [...] Titanic foundered about 2.20 am.\" Rostron requested that the message be forwarded to White", "id": "7310640" }, { "contents": "History of the Gold Coast Titans\n\n\nset up a competition where listeners could submit possible names for the new team. This was shortlisted into 10 names, and people could vote on which of the ten they most preferred on the team's then-website, www.goldcoastrugbyleague.com.au. These 10 names were narrowed down to 3, which were: The most popular name was the Titans, and the team name Gold Coast Titans was announced on 21 September 2005. On 18 March 2007 the Titans played their first official NRL match a the St George Illawarra Dragons in front of over", "id": "16407589" }, { "contents": "List of geological features on Titan\n\n\nThis is a list of named geological features on Saturn's moon Titan. Official names for these features have only been announced very recently, as Titan's surface was virtually unknown before the arrival of the \"Cassini–Huygens\" probe. Some features were known by informal nicknames beforehand; these names are noted where appropriate. Albedo features on Titan are named after sacred or enchanted places in world mythologies and literature. Titanean arcūs (arc-shaped features) are named after deities of happiness. Colles are small hills or knobs which", "id": "7646195" }, { "contents": "Music of Final Fantasy XIV\n\n\nto create both the music and the various sound effects for the game world. According to Soken, it felt like \"enough work for two full games in that time\". Unlike the freedom given Uematsu for \"XIV\", most of the tracks for \"A Realm Reborn\" had specific guidelines, though Soken was allowed to \"do what [he liked]\" for Titan's battle theme. Soken sang the vocal work for some tracks, such as the battle theme for Leviathan. Several themes and tracks from the", "id": "16687669" }, { "contents": "Alexander (soundtrack)\n\n\nJames Christopher Monger of Allmusic observed that \"what begins as a \"Blade Runner\"-esque wash of atmospheric, keyboard-driven subtlety quickly deteriorates into a thick wall of stock heroic motifs, swelling brass, and thunderous percussion\", and gave the soundtrack two-and-half stars out of five. David Coscina of \"Film Score Monthly\" considered the soundtrack disappointing due to lack of full and expansive harmonies; \"Titans\", \"the main theme from the film and the main harmonic body of this piece is a simple IV", "id": "17248238" }, { "contents": "Titanic (1997 film)\n\n\n. A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912. Despite this, several critics picked up on anachronisms in the film, not least involving the two main stars. Cameron sketched Jack's nude portrait of Rose for a scene which he feels has the backdrop of repression. \"You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason,\" he said. The nude scene was DiCaprio and", "id": "7082774" }, { "contents": "The Titan (EP)\n\n\nhideout, the boy's eyes malfunction and he is captured and tortured by the rogue augmentees. They beat him for information but he doesn't talk. The rogues send him back to Titan as a message. On his way to the drop point one of the augmentees asks him \"what would happen if nobody resisted the Titan?\" Beaten within an inch of his life, Titan does another operation giving him a new heart and another 18 years to his Titan debt. That night the augmentees words ring through his head and", "id": "19008079" }, { "contents": "Oriental Titan UAV\n\n\ngear system and propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a tractor engine mounted in the nose. Titan II UAV is in conventional layout with high-wing configuration and fuselage mounted tail. The UAV has a tricycle landing gear system and propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a tractor engine mounted in the nose. Titan III UAV is a twin engine Chinese UAV developed Titan with a twin-boom layout. What is unusual about Titan III UAV is that the two engines are not mounted", "id": "2279257" }, { "contents": "Titan IIIB\n\n\nTitan IIIB was the collective name for a number of derivatives of the Titan II ICBM and Titan III launch vehicle, modified by the addition of an Agena upper stage. It consisted of four separate rockets. The Titan 23B was a basic Titan II with an Agena upper stage, and the Titan 24B was the same concept, but using the slightly enlarged Titan IIIM rocket as the base. The Titan 33B was a Titan 23B with the Agena (which had a smaller diameter than the Titan) enclosed in an enlarged fairing,", "id": "10970100" }, { "contents": "Attack on Titan (season 2)\n\n\nThe second season of the \"Attack on Titan\" anime television series was produced by IG Port's Wit Studio and directed by Tetsurō Araki, and covers the \"\"Clash of the Titans\"\" arc (chapter 35-50) from the original manga by Hajime Isayama. The season follows Eren Jaeger and his friends from the 104th Training Corps who have just begun to become full members of the Survey Corps. As they ready themselves to face the titans once again, their preparations are interrupted by the invasion of Wall Rose", "id": "10633728" }, { "contents": "History of the Tennessee Titans\n\n\nfirst pick in the 2016 draft, which Robinson traded to the Los Angeles Rams. The 2016 season was Mike Mularkey's first full season as head coach. Leading up to week 16, the Titans were tied with the Texans atop the AFC South at 8–6, with the Colts one game behind at 7–7. The Titans had lost to the Texans in week 4, and were scheduled to play them again in week 17. With the Titans thus unable to win a potential head-to-head tiebreaker with the Texans,", "id": "11414446" }, { "contents": "Titanic Historical Society\n\n\ndied that night and should be treated as a memorial\" to the lives lost. The \"Titanic\" Historical Society participates with the U.S. Coast Guard and the International Ice Patrol in the annual April 15th wreath-drop ceremony over the Atlantic Ocean where the \"Titanic\" now rests. Since its founding in 1963, the Society has regularly distributed a journal to members. Over the years the publication has steadily increased in scope and depth. \"The Titanic Commutator\" is now published quarterly as a full-color illustrated magazine reporting", "id": "12730085" }, { "contents": "Ram Pickup\n\n\nfor a cab, body and interior riding on the Dodge Ram chassis assembled in Chrysler's truck assembly lines in Saltillo, Mexico. However, the deal to build Nissan Titan pickups off the full-sized Dodge Ram pickup starting in 2011 was delayed with the changes at Chrysler and Fiat. Nissan eventually decided to keep the Titan, and went on to release the second generation Titan as a 2016 model called the Titan XD. The Ram Pickup represented both the Dodge and Ram brands in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series from 1995", "id": "13716814" }, { "contents": "Raven (DC Comics)\n\n\nleaves because she has uncovered a secret of one of the other Titans. Raven takes advantage of this power with a book of unclear significance. Raven has a diskette containing Jericho's soul. She performs a cleansing ritual over his soul and transfers it into a new body before returning to the team as a full member. Without warning, the Titans are captured by the villainous Titans East and transported to the original Titan Island in New York City, where Raven is placed in the \"care\" of Enigma and Duela Dent,", "id": "13827033" }, { "contents": "Sparta of Synriannaq\n\n\nDonna and the Titans arrived on New Chronus where the Titans of Myth bade them to find the two remaining Seeds that Sparta had not slain—Athyns and Xanthi of Ozyron. After helping Athyns to regain his memories of his time on New Chronus, Xanthi was killed by Sparta and Athyns vowed revenge, but was torn by his still evident love for her. Eventually both Donna and Athyns, aided by the Titans were able to return the powers of the slain Seeds to the Titans of Myth, restoring them to full power,", "id": "14001361" }, { "contents": "Miss Martian\n\n\n. After her feelings were hurt through insensitivity and misunderstanding with her teammates, M'gann left the Titans to be a hero in Australia. Though the Titans suspected she might have been a traitor, it turned out that her accuser, Bombshell, was the actual traitor. After helping the team defeat Bombshell and proving her loyalty, she was accepted as a full member of the Titans. M'gann and Cyborg travel to Belle Reve to interrogate the depowered Bombshell. M'gann, using her telepathy on Bombshell, discovers the existence of Titans East (", "id": "14053311" }, { "contents": "2012 Tennessee Titans season\n\n\nThe Tennessee Titans season was the franchise's 43rd season in the National Football League, the 53rd overall, the 16th in the state of Tennessee and the second under head coach Mike Munchak. It was also the last full season under the ownership of Bud Adams, who died on October 21, 2013. The Titans failed to improve on their 9–7 record in 2011 and were eliminated from postseason contention in Week 14. Notes With the loss, the Titans fell to 4–8 and were swept by the Texans for the first time since", "id": "16544404" }, { "contents": "2014 Tennessee Titans season\n\n\nThe Tennessee Titans season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, the 55th overall and the 18th in the state of Tennessee. It marked the first under head coach Ken Whisenhunt, as well as the first full season following the death of longtime owner Bud Adams, who died during the 2013 season. The Titans finished the season with a 2–14 record, not only tying the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for the league's worst record, but the Titans also suffered their worst season since 1994, when the franchise was", "id": "17211233" }, { "contents": "Titan beetle\n\n\nof its total length. As such, the body of the Titan beetle is considerably larger than that of the Hercules beetles. The short, curved and sharp mandibles are known to snap pencils in half and cut into human flesh. Adult titan beetles do not feed, searching instead for mates. The larvae have never been found, but are thought to feed inside wood and may take several years to reach full size before they pupate. Boreholes thought to be created by titan beetle larvae seem to fit a grub over two inches", "id": "21737736" }, { "contents": "Titan Machinery\n\n\nTitan Machinery Incorporated is one of the largest American dealers of agricultural and construction equipment. It is based in Fargo, North Dakota and has locations throughout the Midwestern United States. The company is publicly traded on NASDAQ using the symbol TITN. Titan was founded in 1980 and it is headquartered in West Fargo, North Dakota. Titan owns and operates one of the largest networks of full service agricultural and construction equipment stores in North America. These locations represent one or more of the CNHI brands: Case IH, New Holland Agriculture,", "id": "445980" }, { "contents": "Risk (comics)\n\n\n4, Kon-El called in all the reserve Titans to help him battle Superboy-Prime. When the other Titans attacked him, Superboy-Prime lashed back; not aware of the full extent of his powers, he ended up brutally maiming and murdering several of the Titans (including killing Pantha and Wildebeest). Risk was one of his victims, as Superboy-Prime ripped off his right arm during the battle. In \"Teen Titans\" #32, it was shown that Argent used her plasma energy to stop", "id": "7835036" }, { "contents": "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam\n\n\nthe AEUG. The AEUG eventually launch a full-scale attack on the Earth Federation's assembly at Dakar, leading to an Earth Sphere civil war. Quattro reveals himself to be Char Aznable and presents evidence of the Titans' tyranny including using G3 nerve gas on a defenseless colony. The Earth Federation court soon rules the Titans' actions to be illegal and backs the AEUG in hunting down Titans leader Jamitov Hymem. After losing the support of the Earth Federation, the Titans turn to their original enemy, remnants of the Principality", "id": "8457686" }, { "contents": "2009 Tennessee Titans season\n\n\npitting teams owned by Bud Adams (Titans) and Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (Bills). They were two of the three surviving members of the \"\"Foolish Club\"\", the eight original owners of American Football League franchises. The 2009 Professional Football season celebrated what would have been the AFL's 50th. Both the Bills and Titans wore AFL throwbacks, with the Titans in Houston Oilers uniforms. The Titans began their season at Heinz Field for the annual kickoff game against the defending Super Bowl champions, the Pittsburgh", "id": "20932174" }, { "contents": "Saved from the Titanic\n\n\nreleased internationally, in the United Kingdom as \"A Survivor of the Titanic\" and in Germany as \"Was die Titanic sie lehrte\" (\"What the \"Titanic\" Taught Her\"). It attracted a positive review in \"The Moving Picture World\" of May 11, 1912, which described Gibson's performance as \"a unique piece of acting in the sensational new film-play of the Éclair Company ... [which is] creating a great activity in the market, for the universal interest in the catastrophe has", "id": "1367578" }, { "contents": "History of the Tennessee Titans\n\n\nplayoff hopes. The Titans finished the season 9–7, the same record as the Texans, losing the tiebreaker due to record against divisional opponents, by three games (the Titans were 2–4, the Texans were 5–1). The 2017 season was Mike Mularkey's second full season as the Titans' head coach. In week 17, the team defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 15–10 to clinch one of the AFC wild card slots for the playoffs. It marked the franchise's first playoff berth since 2008. In the Wild Card Round,", "id": "11414449" }, { "contents": "Titan Fighting Championships\n\n\nlabel. Kelly subsequently resigned from his position at Bellator FC in order to focus full-time on running Titan FC. Titan FC would initially air a total of nine live events on the HDNet/AXS TV networks, including a \"Fight for the Troops\" event taking place on June 15, 2012, at the Marshall Army Airfield at Fort Riley, Kansas, and conclude with \"Titan FC 24: Johnson vs. Jones\" which aired on August 24, 2012. On October 11, 2012, officials for the Nebraska", "id": "13557854" }, { "contents": "2016 Tennessee Titans season\n\n\nThe 2016 season was the Tennessee Titans franchise's 47th in the National Football League and their 57th overall. It also marked the franchise's 20th season in the state of Tennessee as well as the first full season under head coach Mike Mularkey, who served as the team's interim head coach for the last nine games of the 2015 season. The Titans tripled their win total from 2015 and achieved their first winning season since 2011. However, the team missed the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season — the Titans finished tied with", "id": "5202872" }, { "contents": "Nissan Titan\n\n\nProduction began on September 21, 2003 and sales on December 1, 2003. The Titan used Nissan's new full-size F-Alpha platform. This new platform was shared with the Nissan Armada and Infiniti QX56 SUVs, with all three manufactured in Canton, Mississippi, United States. The first generation Titan continued without a major redesign through 2015. All models came standard with a 32-valve, 5.6-liter engine, VK56DE, which generates ( on 2004–2006 models) and of torque. The first generation Titan came equipped with a fully", "id": "8760426" }, { "contents": "Memorials and monuments to the RMS Titanic victims\n\n\n: The Glasgow \"Titanic\" Engineers' memorial does not include the names of William Duffy (Chief Engineer's Clerk), or of Thomas Andrews (Managing Director of Harland and Wolff, principal designer of the \"Titanic\" and leader of the commissioning team on board), both of whom are named on the Titanic Engineers' Memorial, Southampton. The body of \"Titanic\"s Senior Wireless Operator, Jack Phillips, was never recovered but he is commemorated by a headstone in the shape of an iceberg in the Old Cemetery of", "id": "13937013" }, { "contents": "Titan Wind Project\n\n\nwind turbines due to financial problems and the potential capacity is double local demand. Operating at full planned capacity, the proposed expansion would be able to supply the electricity for 100% of the households in the state several times over. South Dakota's entire electricity consumption in 2005 was 9.811 TWh. At an assumed capacity factor of 40% (roughly what is currently observed in South Dakota), a 5.05 GW nameplate capacity would correspond to an annual generation of 17.7 TWh. Construction of phase I began in 2009 on a site", "id": "12630754" }, { "contents": "William Alden Smith\n\n\nSmith had toured \"Titanic\"'s sister ship, RMS \"Olympic\", and knew full well what the watertight bulkheads did, but understood that the general public might not. Other questions were intended to force the officers and crew to answer in simple terms and not attempt to obfuscate with technical jargon. Smith constructed the Grand Rapids, Kalkaska and Southeastern Railroad in Michigan in 1897 and became owner of the Lowell and Hastings Railroad in 1900. In 1901 he was honored with the degree of Master of Arts by Dartmouth College.", "id": "17442153" }, { "contents": "Final Fantasy XIV\n\n\nfull games in that time\". Most of the tracks had specific guidelines or came from the development team's requests, though Soken was allowed to \"do what [he liked]\" for Titan's battle theme. Soken sang the vocal work for some tracks, such as the battle theme for Leviathan. Soken also arranged pieces from earlier \"Final Fantasy\" games for use in special in-game events. \"Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn Original Soundtrack\" is a collection of music from the game including both", "id": "19289857" }, { "contents": "List of unproduced DC Comics projects\n\n\nconcept included mention of Godzilla's battle with King Kong, which was noted as being included with stock footage of the two titans fighting. Not surprisingly, though, the concept never got far enough for a full-fledged script to have been created. There are many questions related to the proposal still unknown as well, such as if DC Comics was ever actually approached with the idea or not. It is also not known to what degree the then recent Batman TV series, which debuted two months after Sekizawa proposed this idea", "id": "7423466" }, { "contents": "Naming of moons\n\n\nthe Titans (Titan, Iapetus) and Titanesses (Tethys, Dione, Rhea) of the same mythology. Until then, Titan was known as the \"Huygenian (or Huyghenian) satellite of Saturn\" and the other moons had Roman numeral designations in order of their distance from Saturn. Subsequent discoverers of Saturnian moons followed Herschel's scheme: Hyperion was discovered soon after in 1848, and the ninth moon, Phoebe, was named by its discoverer in 1899 soon after its discovery; they were named for a Titan and a", "id": "9708959" }, { "contents": "Titan (moon)\n\n\nof an atmosphere, Callisto could serve as a model for Titan's geology in this scenario. Jeffrey Moore even called Titan \"Callisto with weather\". Many of the more prominent mountains and hills have been given official names by the International Astronomical Union. According to JPL, \"By convention, mountains on Titan are named for mountains from Middle-earth, the fictional setting in fantasy novels by J. R. R. Tolkien.\" Colles (collections of hills) are named for characters from the same Tolkien works. In the first", "id": "3295674" }, { "contents": "Titanoceratops\n\n\nTitanoceratops (meaning \"titanic horn face\") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It was a giant chasmosaurine ceratopsian that lived during the Late Cretaceous period (late Campanian, 74.7–73.5 Ma, although it could have lived as late as 72.82 Ma) in what is now New Mexico, and the earliest known member of Triceratopsini. It was named in 2011 by Nicholas R. Longrich for a specimen previously thought to belong to \"Pentaceratops\". \"Titanoceratops\" was named for its giant skull, and the type species was named", "id": "18687405" }, { "contents": "Deathstroke\n\n\nand flies away. Slade reveals to the Titans that he was responsible for smuggling the drug the bestiamorphs were using to transform others, but did not realize what it was until it was too late. After Jericho and Raven were stricken by the plague, he aided them in destroying the beastmen and finding a cure for the contagion. Shortly after this, he came to the Titans' assistance again during the \"Titans Hunt\" storyline. The members of the Titans, as well as many inactive members, all disappeared in a", "id": "16183552" }, { "contents": "Titanic 2020: Cannibal City\n\n\nTitanic 2020: Cannibal City is the second novel of the \"Titanic 2020\" series by Northern Irish author, Colin Bateman, published on 19 June 2008 through Hodder Children's Books. The novel is based in the year 2020 and aboard a new unsinkable cruise ship \"Titanic\", named for the \"RMS Titanic\". This novel continues where the previous left off, with much of the world's population having been destroyed by an incurable disease named the \"Red Death\". Jimmy and Claire are on shore looking for", "id": "1632246" }, { "contents": "List of Teen Titans characters\n\n\n(originally named \"Larva M-319\") is one of the many mutant larvae created by Killer Moth as part of his scheme to take over the city in \"Date With Destiny.\" When he was stopped by the Teen Titans, Beast Boy bonded with one of the larvae, naming him \"Silkie,\" and secretly kept him as a pet at Titans Tower. The most enduring of all of the Teen Titans' enemies, this mysterious malefactor has relentlessly stalked the Titans since the series premiere episode \"Final Exam.", "id": "3400423" }, { "contents": "Kip Pardue\n\n\nKevin Ian \"Kip\" Pardue (born September 23, 1975) is an American actor and model, who became known for his roles in the films \"Remember the Titans\", \"Driven\", \"The Rules of Attraction\" and \"Thirteen\". Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Pardue attended Dunwoody High School in Atlanta. The name \"Kip\" comes from the initials of his full name. After graduating from Yale University, where he played football, Pardue was discovered by Molly Ringwald's publicist. He has", "id": "3318996" }, { "contents": "Mike Mularkey\n\n\n. On November 3, 2015, the Titans relieved Ken Whisenhunt of head coaching duties and announced that Mularkey would step in as interim head coach for the rest of the season. The Titans announced on January 16, 2016, that they would retain him as their full-time head coach on a three-year contract in a highly criticized move by their fans and the media, who qualified the hire as \"uninspired\" and \"awful.\" Mularkey was given full control over his staff, and on January 18,", "id": "20378699" }, { "contents": "Titan (moon)\n\n\nthe Cassini team announced what they believe to be the tallest mountain on Titan. Located in the Mithrim Montes range, it is 3,337 m tall. If volcanism on Titan really exists, the hypothesis is that it is driven by energy released from the decay of radioactive elements within the mantle, as it is on Earth. Magma on Earth is made of liquid rock, which is less dense than the solid rocky crust through which it erupts. Because ice is less dense than water, Titan's watery magma would be denser than", "id": "3295670" }, { "contents": "Climate of Titan\n\n\nwhat is in effect a variation of Earth's Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Unlike on Earth, however, where the oceans confine the ITCZ to the tropics, on Titan, the zone wanders from one pole to the other, taking methane rainclouds with it. This means that Titan, despite its frigid temperatures, can be said to have a tropical climate. In June 2012, Cassini imaged a rotating polar vortex on Titan's southern pole, which the imaging team believe is related to a \"polar hood\" -", "id": "6474796" }, { "contents": "Titan IV\n\n\nB launches flew with the old-style SRMs. In 1988-89, The R. M. Parsons Company designed and built a full scale steel tower and deflector facility, which was used to test the Titan IV Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade (SRMU). The launch and the effect of the SRMU thrust force on the space shuttle vehicle were modeled. To evaluate the magnitude of the thrust force, the SRMU was connected to the steel tower through load measurement systems and launched in-place. It was the first full-scale", "id": "10917492" }, { "contents": "RMS Titanic\n\n\nof the Irish Sea. Over the course of about 12 hours, \"Titanic\" was driven at different speeds, her turning ability was tested and a \"crash stop\" was performed in which the engines were reversed full ahead to full astern, bringing her to a stop in or 3 minutes and 15 seconds. The ship covered a distance of about , averaging and reaching a maximum speed of just under . On returning to Belfast at about 7 p.m., the surveyor signed an \"Agreement and Account of Voyages and Crew\"", "id": "8407948" } ]

[ { "contents": "Ableman v. Booth\n\n\nthat in adopting the Constitution, the people granted certain powers to the federal government: This was accomplished by adoption of the Supremacy Clause, which makes federal law the supreme law of the land: The Court noted that the supremacy of federal law could be effective only if the federal government were given judicial power to enforce federal law. If the interpretation of the Constitution and federal statutes were left to the states, then Accordingly, said the Court, the Constitution granted this judicial power to the federal government. The Constitution provides in", "id": "18839501" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\nstate. It is common that during the historical evolution of a federation there is a gradual movement of power from the component states to the centre, as the federal government acquires additional powers, sometimes to deal with unforeseen circumstances. The acquisition of new powers by a federal government may occur through formal constitutional amendment or simply through a broadening of the interpretation of a government's existing constitutional powers given by the courts. Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories", "id": "11364967" }, { "contents": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution\n\n\nrelate to the other branches of government. One of these powers is called the express powers. These powers are expressly given, in the Constitution, to each branch of government. Another power is the implied powers. These powers are those that are necessary to perform expressed powers. There are also inherent and concurrent powers. Inherent powers are those that are not found in the Constitution yet the different branches of government can still exercise them. Concurrent powers are those that are given to both state and federal governments. There are also", "id": "19761114" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\nbeen given the power to determine whether federal laws are consistent with the Constitution, with the Supreme Court having final authority. Thus, the federal courts have held that under the Constitution, federal law is controlling over state law, and the final power to determine whether federal laws are unconstitutional has been delegated to the federal courts. The courts therefore have held that the states do not have the power to nullify federal law. The concept of nullification of federal law by the states was not discussed at the Constitutional Convention. The records", "id": "22061134" }, { "contents": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution\n\n\npowers that are not lined out in the Constitution that are given to the federal government. These powers are then given to the states in a system called federalism. Congress is one of the branches of government so it has a lot of powers of its own that it uses to pass laws and establish regulations. These include express, implied, and concurrent powers. It uses its express powers to regulate bankruptcies, business between states and other nations, the armed forces, and the National Guard or militia. They also establish all", "id": "19761115" }, { "contents": "Employment discrimination law in the United States\n\n\nunconstitutional because Federal and most State Constitutions do not expressly give their respective government the power to enact civil rights laws that apply to the private sector. The Federal government's authority to regulate a private business, including civil rights laws, stems from their power to regulate all commerce between the States. Some State Constitutions do expressly afford some protection from public and private employment discrimination, such as Article I of the California Constitution. However, most State Constitutions only address discriminatory treatment by the government, including a public employer. Absent of", "id": "21834530" }, { "contents": "Law enforcement in the United States\n\n\nis not authorized to execute general police powers by the Constitution of the United States of America. The power to have a police force is given to each of the United States' 50 federated states. The US Constitution gives the federal government the power to deal with foreign affairs and interstate affairs (affairs between the states). For police, this means that if a non-federal crime is committed in a US state and the fugitive does not flee the state, the federal government has no jurisdiction. However, once the", "id": "11372218" }, { "contents": "Government procurement in the United States\n\n\n-state precedent. Contracts directly between the Government and its contractors (\"prime contracts\") are governed by the Federal common law. Contracts between the prime contractor and its subcontractors are governed by the contract law of the respective states. Differences between those legal frameworks can put pressure on a prime contractor. The authority to purchase is not one of the explicitly enumerated powers given to the Federal Government by Section 8 of Article One of the United States Constitution, but courts found that power implicit in the Constitutional power to make laws", "id": "2323095" }, { "contents": "Tribal sovereignty in the United States\n\n\n) each have the right to send non-voting members to the United States House of Representatives (similar to a non-state US territory or the federal district), however neither tribe has ever exercised their right to do so since they were given the power in the 1830s. Another dispute over American Indian government is its sovereignty versus that of the states. The federal U.S. government has always been the government that makes treaties with Indian tribes – not individual states. Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution states that \"", "id": "5283732" }, { "contents": "Federal government of the United States\n\n\nThe executive branch, under Article II of the Constitution, consists of the president and those to whom the president's powers are delegated. The president is both the head of state and government, as well as the military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. The president, according to the Constitution, must \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\", and \"preserve, protect and defend the Constitution\". The president presides over the executive branch of the federal government, an organization numbering about 5 million", "id": "18918601" }, { "contents": "Human rights in the United States\n\n\nBeneficente Uniao do Vegetal\" decision, which requires states to express compelling interest in prohibiting illegal drug use in religious practices. The United States is a constitutional republic based on founding documents that restrict the power of government and preserve the liberty of the people. The freedom of expression (including speech, media, and public assembly) is an important right and is given special protection, as declared by the First Amendment of the constitution. According to Supreme Court precedent, the federal and lower governments may not apply prior restraint to expression", "id": "21936235" }, { "contents": "Constitution of Iraq\n\n\nhas exclusive power over: Powers shared with regional authorities: All powers not exclusively granted to the federal government are powers of the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region. Priority is given to regional law in case of conflict between other powers shared between the federal government and regional governments. Chapter Five, \"Authorities of the Regions,\" describes the form of Iraq's federation. It begins by stating that the republic's federal system is made up of the capital, regions, decentralized provinces, and local administrations", "id": "864962" }, { "contents": "Local government in Malaysia\n\n\nfederal ministry, is given the task to co-ordinate the local governments in respect of legal and policy standardisation as well as co-ordinating the channelling of funds from the federal government. The constitution of 1957 gave the exclusive power to govern local governments to the state except those in the federal territories. However, a constitutional amendment was made in 1960 that provides for the establishment of a consultative committee called the National Council for Local Government. Membership of this council consist of a federal cabinet minister as the chair, a representative", "id": "16378666" }, { "contents": "State government\n\n\na federal nation with six states (and two mainland territories). Section 51 of the Australian Constitution sets out the division of legislative power between the states and the Commonwealth (federal) government. The Commonwealth government is given a variety of legislative powers, including control of foreign policy, taxation (although this cannot discriminate between states or parts of states), and regulation of interstate commerce and corporations. Since the original ratification of the constitution, the High Court of Australia has settled a number of disputes concerning the extent of", "id": "14435101" }, { "contents": "Treaty Clause\n\n\ndo not require additional legislative action and non-self-executing treaties which do require the enactment of new laws. These various distinctions of procedure and terminology do not affect the binding status of accords under international law. Nevertheless, they do have major implications under U.S. domestic law. In \"Missouri v. Holland\", the Supreme Court ruled that the power to make treaties under the U.S. Constitution is a power separate from the other enumerated powers of the federal government, and hence the federal government can use treaties to legislate in areas", "id": "13217135" }, { "contents": "Federal Government of Belgium\n\n\nFormally, executive power is vested in the King, who formally appoints the ministers. However, under the Constitution of Belgium, the King is not politically responsible for exercising his powers, and his acts must be countersigned by a minister. Thus, in practice, the ministers do the actual day-to-day work of governing. At the federal level, executive power is wielded by the Federal Government, whilst the Prime Minister is the head of the government. Each minister heads a ministry, and secretaries of state,", "id": "12869772" }, { "contents": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution\n\n\ngenerally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one. McCulloch v. Maryland, decided in 1819, established two important principles. One of which explains that states cannot make actions to impede on valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government. The other explains that Congress has the implied powers to implement the express powers written in the Constitution to create a functional national government. All three branches of the US government have certain powers and those powers", "id": "19761113" }, { "contents": "Federation of Malaya\n\n\nthe rights and special position of the Malay people as well as rights, powers and sovereignty of the Malay rulers in their respective states. The federation agreement (Perjanjian Persekutuan) set the powers of the federal and state governments. Financial matters must be handled by the respective states. The Sultan was given full power on religious issues and Malay customs. Foreign policy and defence continued to be administered by the British government. The federation agreement was made the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya and officially declared on 1 February 1948. The", "id": "9402301" }, { "contents": "Supremacy Clause\n\n\nlaws which the latter may enact, pursuant to the powers entrusted to it by its constitution, must necessarily be supreme over those societies, and the individuals of whom they are composed.\" In Federalist No. 44, James Madison defends the Supremacy Clause as vital to the functioning of the nation. He noted that state legislatures were invested with all powers not specifically defined in the Constitution, but also said that having the federal government subservient to various state constitutions would be an inversion of the principles of government, concluding that if", "id": "5737581" }, { "contents": "2006 Italian constitutional referendum\n\n\nA constitutional referendum was held in Italy on 25 June 2006. Voters were asked whether they approved of amending 57 articles of the constitution. The reforms were proposed by the Silvio Berlusconi government, which had lost power in the April 2006 elections. They would have given more power to the Prime Minister by allowing him or her to dissolve parliament, appoint and sack ministers and control government policy. The Chamber of Deputies would have been given responsibility for foreign policy, defence and immigration, and the Senate responsibility for federal law. The", "id": "14085867" }, { "contents": "Executive Council of Alberta\n\n\nof Alberta. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, the federal government became more centralist, and Canada entered a stage of \"conflictual federalism\" that lasted from 1970 to 1984. The National Energy Program sparked a great deal of bitterness against the federal government in Alberta; as well, the federal government involved itself in disputes over oil with Newfoundland and Saskatchewan. With the passage of the Constitution Act, 1982 through the addition of section 92A to the Constitution Act, 1867, the provinces were given more power with respect", "id": "13935384" }, { "contents": "Australian constitutional law\n\n\nMinister of the government to table documents in the NSW Legislative Council after he refused to do so. The Constitution features a distinct separation of powers. Legislative power is dealt with in Chapter I, and is vested in the Federal Parliament (section 1). Executive power is dealt with in Chapter II, and is vested in the Governor-General as the Queen's representative (section 61). The judicature is dealt with in Chapter III, and is vested in the Federal High Court and \"in such other federal courts", "id": "5902044" }, { "contents": "Canada (Labour Relations Board) v Paul L'Anglais Inc\n\n\nand reforming power of the Superior Court\". The federal government can create a court \"for the better administration of the laws of Canada\" as per section 101 of the Constitution Act, 1867. Such a court may be given exclusive power over the application of federal laws. However, s 101 does not grant the federal government authority to remove the power of superior courts to determine the constitutionality of federal laws. The government can only create concurrent jurisdiction rather than exclusive jurisdiction. In the end Chouinard held that the companies were", "id": "1445259" }, { "contents": "Constitution in Exile\n\n\nfederal appeals court judge in Washington, D.C., whom Ronald Reagan unsuccessfully nominated to the Supreme Court after the Senate rejected Bork.\" According to the same article, reinstating provisions \"exiled\" from the Constitution would mean \"reimposing meaningful limits on federal power that could strike at the core of the regulatory state for the first time since the New Deal. These justices could change the shape of laws governing the environment, workplace health and safety, anti-discrimination, and civil rights, making it difficult for the federal government\"", "id": "4598908" }, { "contents": "Dual federalism\n\n\nin that their legislative and executive powers are allocated in the same policy area to a single level of government. In contrast, some federal structures, such as those of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, consist of federal governments exercising broad legislative powers and constituent governments allocated the power to administer such legislation in a style similar to cooperative federalism. Constitutions with delegations of broad powers to the state level of government that resemble the Constitution of the United States include the Constitution of Australia and the Constitution of Canada. The Australian Constitution was", "id": "22098466" }, { "contents": "Federated state\n\n\nA federated state (which may also be referred to as a state, a province, a region, a canton, a governorate, an oblast, an emirate or a country) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation. Such states differ from fully sovereign states, in that they do not have full sovereign powers, as the sovereign powers have been divided between the federated states and the central or federal government. Importantly, federated states do not have standing as entities of international law. Instead, the", "id": "8152022" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\n, called \"organic law\" (\"lei orgânica\"). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (\"municipio libre\", \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Federations often", "id": "11364969" }, { "contents": "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution\n\n\nwestern Massachusetts known as Shays' Rebellion. Anti-federalists on the other hand took the side of limited government and sympathized with the rebels, many of whom were former Revolutionary War soldiers. Subsequently, the Constitutional Convention proposed in 1787 to grant Congress exclusive power to raise and support a standing army and navy of unlimited size. Anti-federalists objected to the shift of power from the states to the federal government, but as adoption of the Constitution became more and more likely, they shifted their strategy to establishing a bill of", "id": "13051368" }, { "contents": "James Madison\n\n\nthe House of Representatives, were given the power to elect members of the Senate. Madison was able to convince his fellow delegates to have the Constitution ratified by ratifying conventions rather than state legislatures, which he distrusted. He also helped ensure that the president of the United States would have the ability to veto federal laws and would be elected independently of Congress through the Electoral College. By the end of the convention, Madison believed that the new constitution failed to give enough power to the federal government compared to the state governments,", "id": "15933201" }, { "contents": "Dual federalism\n\n\ndesigned to enumerate a limited range of federal powers and leave the rest to the states. The Canadian Constitution, in contrast, assigned all residual powers to the federal government and enumerated a complete list of state powers. The Austrian Constitution, Constitution of Germany, and Swiss Constitution enumerate few policy fields exclusive to the states, but enumerate extensive concurrent powers. The federations operate chiefly through legislation produced by the federal government and left to the Länder or state governments to implement. Since 1991, Russia may also be considered a dual federation", "id": "22098467" }, { "contents": "Disallowance and reservation\n\n\npredated Australian federation by years or decades. Unlike in Canada (see below), disallowance of state laws, and reservation by state Governors, were matters directly for the Imperial government – the Australian federal government was never given the power to block state laws. Use of disallowance and reservation in the states declined and eventually ceased, and both powers were formally abolished by the Australia Act 1986. In Canadian constitutional law, the powers of reservation and disallowance of both federal and provincial legislation still formally remain in place and are described in", "id": "14414650" }, { "contents": "Ultra vires\n\n\nnatural person plus others; also, the validity of acts which are made ultra vires is preserved. Under constitutional law, particularly in Canada and the United States, constitutions give federal and provincial or state governments various powers. To go outside those powers would be \"ultra vires\"; for example, although the court did not use the term in striking down a federal law in \"United States v. Lopez\" on the grounds that it exceeded the Constitutional authority of Congress, the Supreme Court still declared the law to be \"", "id": "14107844" }, { "contents": "Alexander Hamilton\n\n\nnational and state governments, Hamilton consistently took the side of greater federal power at the expense of the states. As Secretary of the Treasury, he established—against the intense opposition of Secretary of State Jefferson—the country's first national bank. Hamilton justified the creation of this bank, and other increased federal powers, under Congress's constitutional powers to issue currency, to regulate interstate commerce, and to do anything else that would be \"necessary and proper\" to enact the provisions of the Constitution. Jefferson, on the", "id": "18888375" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\nIn a federation, the division of power between federal and regional governments is usually outlined in the constitution. Almost every country allows some degree of regional self-government, in federations the right to self-government of the component states is constitutionally entrenched. Component states often also possess their own constitutions which they may amend as they see fit, although in the event of conflict the federal constitution usually takes precedence. In almost all federations the central government enjoys the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers. Were", "id": "11364962" }, { "contents": "Pith and substance\n\n\nPith and substance is a legal doctrine in Canadian constitutional interpretation used to determine under which head of power a given piece of legislation falls. The doctrine is primarily used when a law is challenged on the basis that one level of government (be it provincial or federal) has encroached upon the exclusive jurisdiction of another level of government. The Constitution Act, 1867, which established a federal constitution for Canada, enumerated in Sections 91 and 92 the topics on which the Dominion and the Provinces could respectively legislate. Notwithstanding that the lists", "id": "21462309" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\nThis stems from the fact that states in the US maintain all sovereignty that they do not yield to the federation by their own consent. This was reaffirmed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people. The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal", "id": "11364971" }, { "contents": "Concurrent List\n\n\nThe Concurrent List or List-III(Seventh Schedule) is a list of 52 items (though the last item is numbered 47) given in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. It includes the power to be considered by both the central and state government. The legislative section is divided into three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland or Australia, residual powers remain with the Union Government, as with the Canadian federal government. Uniformity is desirable but", "id": "7583110" }, { "contents": "Congressional oversight\n\n\nand all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof”. The authority to oversee derives from these constitutional powers. Congress could not carry them out reasonably or responsibly without knowing what the executive is doing; how programs are being administered, by whom, and at what cost; and whether officials are obeying the law and complying with legislative intent. The Supreme Court has legitimated Congress’s investigative power, subject to constitutional safeguards for civil liberties. In 1927,", "id": "10969650" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\nconstitution. In Canada the system of federalism is described by the division of powers between the federal parliament and the country's provincial governments. Under the \"Constitution Act\" (previously known as the \"British North America Act\") of 1867, specific powers of legislation are allotted. Section 91 of the constitution gives rise to federal authority for legislation, whereas section 92 gives rise to provincial powers. For matters not directly dealt with in the constitution, the federal government retains residual powers; however, conflicts between the two levels", "id": "11364908" }, { "contents": "1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)\n\n\nThe referendum of 13 April 1910 approved an amendment to the Australian constitution. The referendum was for practical purposes a vote on the \"Constitution Alteration (State Debts) Bill\" 1909, which after being approved in the referendum received the Royal Assent on 6 August. Upon the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government was given the power to assume any pre-existing debts held by the state governments at that time. The Act altered Section 105 of the Constitution to extend this power so that the Commonwealth could take", "id": "18655858" }, { "contents": "Federation\n\n\ncommon institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution. Federal government is the government at the level of the sovereign state. Usual responsibilities of this level of government are maintaining national security and exercising international diplomacy, including the right to sign binding treaties. Basically, a modern federal government, within the limits defined by its constitution, has the power to make laws for the whole country, unlike local governments. As originally written, the United States Constitution was created to limit the federal government from exerting power over the", "id": "21131172" }, { "contents": "Constitution of Belgium\n\n\nthat the Belgian constitution \"comes very near to a written reproduction of the US Constitution and the English constitution.\" The Belgian Constitution can be amended by the federal legislative power, which consists of the King (in practice, the Federal Government) and the Federal Parliament. The amendment process is governed by the provisions of Title VIII of the Constitution, which is titled \"The revision of the Constitution\". In order to amend the Constitution, the federal legislative power must declare that there are reasons to revise the Constitution,", "id": "15274941" }, { "contents": "Union List\n\n\nThe Union List or List-I is a list of 100 numbered items (the last item is numbered 97) given in Seventh Schedule in the Constitution of India on which Parliament has exclusive power to legislate. The legislative section is divided into three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland or Australia, residual powers remain with the Union Government, as with the Canadian federal government. There are 97 items on the list, of which one is no longer", "id": "7582985" }, { "contents": "Limited government\n\n\nIn political philosophy, limited government is where the government is empowered by law from a starting point of having no power, or where governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism. The United States Constitution presents an example of the federal government not possessing any power except what is delegated to it by the Constitution — with the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution making explicit that powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are reserved for the people and", "id": "2651549" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Enabling Act\n\n\n, arguing that the move was performed in violation of the state constitution's acceptance of the terms of Congress's enabling act. The power given to Congress by Art. IV, § 3, of the Constitution is to admit new States to this Union, and relates only to such States as are equal to each other in power and dignity and competency to exert the residuum of sovereignty not delegated to the Federal Government. The Supreme Court held that preventing the state of Oklahoma the right to locate its own seat of government deprived", "id": "18866437" }, { "contents": "Executive Order 13768\n\n\nCounty of San Francisco filed a civil action challenging the executive order on the grounds that it violates the Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution with regard to State Sovereignty. San Francisco sued the Trump administration over the executive order requiring the federal government to withhold money from so-called sanctuary cities that protect criminal aliens from federal prosecution. The lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court in the Northern District of California alleges that Trump's order violates the Tenth Amendment, which states that powers not explicitly given to the federal government by the Constitution", "id": "12611104" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\nthe U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain \"express powers\" (also called \"enumerated powers\") which are powers spelled out in the Constitution, including the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. In addition, the \"Necessary and Proper Clause\" gives the federal government the \"implied power\" to pass", "id": "11364928" }, { "contents": "First Brazilian Republic\n\n\nbut the republicans manipulated him into founding a republic. The history of the Old Republic was dominated by a quest for a viable form of government to replace the monarchy. This quest lurched back and forth between state autonomy and centralization. The constitution of 1891, establishing the United States of Brazil (\"Estados Unidos do Brasil\"), granted extensive autonomy to the provinces, now called States. The Federal system was adopted, and all powers not granted in the Constitution to the Federal Government belonged to the States. It recognized", "id": "5365187" }, { "contents": "Constitution Act, 1867\n\n\nto two years or more go to federal penitentiaries while those with lighter sentences go to provincial prisons. Section 92(13) gives the Provinces the exclusive power to make law related to \"property and civil rights in the province\". In practice, this power has been read broadly to give the provinces authority over numerous matters such as professional trades, labour relations, and consumer protection. Section 91(26) gives the federal government power over divorce and marriage. On this basis, Parliament can legislate on marriage and divorce. However, the", "id": "16952374" }, { "contents": "Federal Constitutional Law (Austrian act)\n\n\ntaxes and could in theory issue their own bonds, but these powers are severely circumscribed and do not result in meaningful fiscal autonomy. Only the national government can raise payroll taxes, capital gains taxes, corporate taxes, value-added taxes, or inheritance taxes, or tax real estate and other forms of property. The provinces, accordingly, depend on money doled out to them by the national government to meet even basic obligations. The Federal Constitutional Law demands that Austria be governed according to the rule of law (Art.", "id": "11229285" }, { "contents": "Pardons for ex-Confederates\n\n\nThe Presidential pardon given to ex-Confederates was a special power exercised by Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and was usually extended in cases where the person pardoned had served in the military above the rank of colonel, or a civilian who had exercised political power under the Confederate government. The power to pardon offences to the Federal government was given to the chief executive in the United States Constitution under . On December 8, 1863, in his annual message to Congress, President Lincoln outlined his plans for reconstruction of the south,", "id": "9625962" }, { "contents": "Federalism\n\n\nalmost every issue, even the creation of \"State Armies,\" while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state. However, more than 140 years later, the original system has gradually evolved into a quasi-centralist form of government. While the 1999 Constitution still defines Venezuela as a Federal Republic, it abolished the Senate, transferred competences of the States to the Federal Government and granted the President of the Republic vast powers to intervene in the States and Municipalities. Federalism in the Kingdom of", "id": "11364935" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\n, the states have the final authority to determine the limits of the power of that government. Under this, the compact theory, the states and not the federal courts are the ultimate interpreters of the extent of the federal government's power. Under this theory, the states therefore may reject, or nullify, federal laws that the states believe are beyond the federal government's constitutional powers. The related idea of interposition is a theory that a state has the right and the duty to \"interpose\" itself when the federal government", "id": "22061126" }, { "contents": "Renewable energy in Canada\n\n\ntasked to create and enact laws to raise money and taxes of any sort, and as well as manage land resources owned by the Federal Government. Hypothetically, the Federal Government can neither interfere nor act on any territories owned or operated by the province but can indirectly influence them by setting the national agenda. Finally, municipal/local governments which do not have the same level of authority to enact laws as the provincial and Federal Government, do influence the policy-making and implementation process. The power given to municipal governments is", "id": "17951524" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\nThese statements indicated that the Supreme Court would have final authority in constitutional disputes between the federal government and the states. The records of the state ratifying conventions do not include any assertions that the states would have the power to nullify federal laws. It has been argued that certain statements in the Virginia ratifying convention, although not asserting a right of nullification, articulated a basis for the compact theory. Edmund Randolph and George Nicholas stated that Virginia's ratification of the Constitution would constitute its agreement to a contract, and that if Virginia", "id": "22061137" }, { "contents": "Leo Linbeck III\n\n\nCare Compact would transfer the money the federal government spends on health care to states, and give them the ability to suspend federal health care regulations. Linbeck says: \"The focus of this group is governance reform — our ultimate goal is to restore self-governance. It’s not nullification, it's not secession. What it’s an attempt to do is to organize the states in a way that’s constitutional, to use an interstate compact to devolve power over health care away from a centralized federal government. I ca", "id": "4119330" }, { "contents": "Rivers and Harbors Act\n\n\nof projects to be built by the Secretary of War under the supervision of the Army Corps of Engineers. The pattern established the Corps' close connection to civil works construction. Gifford Pinchot observed that, \"Under the powers granted or applied in the Constitution of the United States, the federal government has control over navigatable rivers and their tributaries. Yet for a hundred years after the Constitution was adopted, Congress left the regulation of water power entirely to the states. Federal stream legislation at its beginning had to do chiefly with preventing", "id": "18611489" }, { "contents": "Canada\n\n\npowers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas, such as the Canada Health Act; the provinces can opt out of these, but rarely do so in practice. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867), whereas territorial governments", "id": "19940892" }, { "contents": "Federalism in Pakistan\n\n\nPakistan is a Federal Republic, with powers shared between the Federal government and the provinces. Relations between federation and provinces is defined in Part V(Articles 141-159) of the constitution. Council of Common Interests or CCI is body to solve disputes between federation and provinces. The membership of CCI consists of the Prime Minister, Provincial Chief Ministers and three members nominated by federal government. The power of the Provinces and the Federal government are defined by the constitution and the legislative powers are divided into two lists. Concurrent List was abolished", "id": "5448327" }, { "contents": "Necessary and Proper Clause\n\n\nProper Clause expressly confers incidental powers upon Congress, while no other clauses in the Constitution do so by themselves. The draft Necessary and Proper Clause provoked controversy during discussions of the proposed constitution, and its inclusion became a focal point of criticism for those opposed to the Constitution's ratification. While Anti-Federalists expressed concern that the clause would grant the federal government boundless power, Federalists argued that the clause would only permit execution of power already granted by the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton spoke vigorously for this second interpretation in Federalist No.", "id": "307400" }, { "contents": "History of Australia\n\n\nand given Royal Assent by Queen Victoria on 9 July 1900. The Commonwealth of Australia came into being when the Federal Constitution was proclaimed by the Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, on 1 January 1901. From that point a system of federalism in Australia came into operation, entailing the establishment of an entirely new national government (the Commonwealth government) and an ongoing division of powers between that government and the States. The first Federal elections were held in March 1901 and resulted in a narrow plurality for the Protectionist Party over the", "id": "18308918" }, { "contents": "Federated state\n\n\nregions of previously unitary states. Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not international law. In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities - states, provinces, counties, cantons, Länder, etc. - are partially self-governing and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed autonomy that varies substantially from one federation to another. Depending on the form", "id": "8152024" }, { "contents": "Porterville, California\n\n\nof those age 65 or over. Under the California State Constitution, there is a difference in powers granted to cities. A \"General Law City\" is one, which operates exclusively under State law. The City Charter, in accordance with the State Constitution, provides the City with authority for \"Home Rule\" whereby the City is given the power to make and enforce within its own boundaries any law, which does not conflict with the State or Federal Government. The State Constitution gives this right of \"Home Rule\"", "id": "17541222" }, { "contents": "McCulloch v. Maryland\n\n\nand delineating the relationship between the federal government and the states.\" The case established two important principles in constitutional law. First, the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers to implement the Constitution's express powers to create a functional national government. Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in \"McCulloch\", the scope of the U.S. government's authority was unclear. Second, state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government. The establishment of a national bank for the United States was a source of", "id": "15765380" }, { "contents": "Hammer v. Dagenhart\n\n\nfederal government was \"one of enumerated powers\" and could not go beyond the boundary drawn by the 10th Amendment, which the Court misquotes by inserting the word \"expressly:\" In interpreting the Constitution, it must never be forgotten that the Nation is made up of States to which are entrusted the powers of local government. And to them and to the people the powers not expressly delegated to the National Government are reserved. In our view the necessary effect of this act is, by means of a prohibition against the movement", "id": "7296831" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\nits delegated powers, the states may declare federal laws unconstitutional. Nullification supporters argue that the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional not only is inherent in the concept of state sovereignty, but also is one of the powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment. This view of the Constitution has been rejected by the federal courts, which consistently have held that under the Constitution, the states do not have the power to nullify federal laws. The courts have rejected the compact theory, finding that the Constitution was not a contract", "id": "22061131" }, { "contents": "Municipalities of Mexico\n\n\nto municipalities, but since 2000, they enjoy a certain degree of political autonomy since residents within a borough directly elect a local borough head of government (called \"jefe delegacional\"). However, boroughs do not form local [municipal] councils, are not constituted by a group of trustees, and do not have regulatory powers, most of which are exercised by the Federal District's government. Most public services are organized by the Federal District even if some responsibilities are carried out by the boroughs. Still, at the", "id": "4759829" }, { "contents": "Federation of Australia\n\n\n. The federal conventions included no representatives of organised labour. In fact, the proposed federal constitution was criticised by labour representatives as being too conservative. These representatives wanted to see a federal government with more power to legislate on issues such as wages and prices. They also regarded the proposed senate as much too powerful, with the capacity to block attempts at social and political reform, much as the colonial upper houses were quite openly doing at that time. Religious factors played a small but not trivial part in disputes over whether federation", "id": "3409885" }, { "contents": "Kenney Dam\n\n\nDFO studies, the federal government asked Alcan to increase water flow from the Nechako Reservoir into the river, but Alcan declined. This led to the \"constitutional battle\" over who controls the flow of water in the Nechako River. In the late 1970s Alcan announced the Kemano Completion Project. The project would construct a second tunnel from the Nechako Reservoir to Kemano, where four more power generators would be built. Controversies began in 1980, starting with the DFO and the federal government when they realized Alcan was going to go ahead", "id": "18938310" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\nprovides for the resolution of disputes between the federal government and the states regarding allocation of powers. Webster argued that the Supremacy Clause provides that the Constitution and federal laws enacted pursuant thereto are superior to state law, and that Article III gives to the federal judiciary the power to resolve all issues relating to interpretation of the Constitution. Under the Constitution, the federal courts therefore have the last word, said Webster. Webster said that the Constitution does not give the states a power of constitutional interpretation, and that any such power would", "id": "22061176" }, { "contents": "Federal Constitutional Law (Austrian act)\n\n\nfederal\" purview (Art. 10–15). The provinces do have substantial executive responsibilities, however. Much of the nation's executive powers and duties are discharged through its system of district administrative authorities, which are \"state\" rather than \"federal\" institutions according to the Federal Constitutional Law. The national government decides who can apply for a marriage permit, for example, but when actually applying for one the resident is interacting with a province employee in a province facility. The provinces have some limited ability to collect their own", "id": "11229284" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\nfederal courts, not the states. Federalist No. 33 states that federal laws are supreme over the states, so long as those laws are within the federal government's delegated powers. Federalist No. 39 directly addresses the question of who is to decide whether the federal government has exceeded its delegated powers and has infringed on the states' reserved powers. It explains that under the Constitution, this issue is to be decided by the Supreme Court, not the states: \"[The federal government's] jurisdiction extends to certain", "id": "22061142" }, { "contents": "United States constitutional law\n\n\nthe country. Other federal powers specifically enumerated by Section 8 of Article I of the United States Constitution (and generally considered exclusive to the federal government) are: Although, for all practical purposes (as proved by the fact of the U.S. Civil War), the federal government does not actually govern by the \"consent of the states,\" some of the more important powers reserved by the states to themselves in the Constitution are: The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution defines the scope of when and in what circumstances", "id": "1615043" }, { "contents": "Richard Mack\n\n\n\"County Sheriff Project\" movement, both of whom reaffirm the constitutional power to refuse to enforce federal laws. Mack served as Graham County Sheriff from 1988 to 1996. In 1994 he was recruited by the National Rifle Association as a plaintiff in one of nine lawsuits against the Clinton administration over the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. \"Mack v. United States\" (later restyled to \"Printz v. United States\"), a lawsuit against the federal government which alleged that portions of the Act violated the United States Constitution, because", "id": "2606368" }, { "contents": "Granadine Confederation\n\n\n. The Granadine Confederation ended on 8 May 1863, with the signing of the Constitution of 1863 by the Rionegro Convention, which officially changed the name of the country to the United States of Colombia, consisting of nine sovereign states, and where new rules and powers were given to the states and presidents. The Liberals had come to fear the great power of Mosquera, and they drafted the new constitution to limit his power. The Radical Liberals defended a federal government based on a laissez-faire policy, in which regional and", "id": "7826778" }, { "contents": "Preamble to the United States Constitution\n\n\npowers to declare war and make treaties), all such powers inherently belong to the federal government as the country's representative in the international community. Domestically, the federal government's sovereignty means that it may perform acts such as entering into contracts or accepting bonds, which are typical of governmental entities but not expressly provided for in the Constitution or laws. Similarly, the federal government, as an attribute of sovereignty, has the power to enforce those powers that are granted to it (e.g., the power to \"establish Post", "id": "13570873" }, { "contents": "Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\n\n\nelecting senators. Prior to the Constitution, a federal body was one where states effectively formed nothing more than permanent treaties, with citizens retaining their loyalty to their original state. However, under the new Constitution, the central government was granted substantially more power than before; the election of senators by the states reassured Anti-federalists that there would be some protection against the swallowing up of states and their powers by the federal government, providing a check on the power of the federal government. Additionally, the longer terms and avoidance", "id": "13051992" }, { "contents": "James v. Dravo Contracting Co.\n\n\nhowever, the case established two fundamental principles of American constitutional law: 1) The Constitution grants implied powers to the federal government powers which are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but which must be granted to it in order for its explicit powers to be exercised, and 2) States may not impede the federal government in the proper carrying out of its duties. Although the Maryland tax was clearly designed to impede the federal government (Maryland had strongly opposed the creation of the Second Bank of the United States), the Supreme", "id": "4162217" }, { "contents": "Compact theory\n\n\nstates, but instead was formed directly by the people, in their exercise of their sovereign power. The people determined that the federal government should be superior to the states. Under this view, the states, which are not parties to the Constitution, do not have the right to determine for themselves the proper scope of federal authority, but instead are bound by the determinations of the federal government. The state of Vermont took this position in response to the Kentucky Resolutions. Daniel Webster advocated this view in his debate with Robert", "id": "21931673" }, { "contents": "Government of Russia\n\n\nThe Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the Prime Minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law \"On the Government the Russian Federation\". According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution, the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia. According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia, the President", "id": "6057892" }, { "contents": "Article One of the United States Constitution\n\n\nthe United States exercises many powers that are not expressly delegated by the States in the Federal Government by the Constitution, like the different social programs of the American Welfare State. However, James Madison, who wrote much of the Constitution, disagreed that Congress exercises powers that are not expressly granted in the Constitution; Madison, when he held the Office of President of the United States, exercised his Veto power against the Federal Public Works Bill of 1817, calling it Unconstitutional, since to him, the Federal Government does not have", "id": "12967569" }, { "contents": "Province\n\n\ntended to support the view that the Canadian Constitution was intended to create a powerful central government, but the Privy Council in London held a distinctly opposite view that the Constitution provided for stronger provincial powers. This provided an opportunity for forum shopping for provinces who opposed federal laws. Until appeals from Canada to the Privy Council were abolished in 1949, in legal disputes the provincial governments tended to win powers at the expense of the federal government. In addition, while the Canadian federal government has unlimited taxing power while province governments are restricted", "id": "15744452" }, { "contents": "Secretary of state\n\n\n. Secretaries of state do not fall under the constitutional provision that there should be an equal number of French and Dutch-speaking ministers (with the possible exception of the Prime Minister). See Current list of Secretary of States for Belgian Federal Government. There are also three secretaries of State in the government of the Brussels-Capital Region, one of whom has to be Flemish. The Secretary of State (\"Riigisekretär\") directs the Government Office. Its mission is to support the Government of Estonia and the Prime Minister", "id": "14631787" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nthe Constitution, as examples of privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States: \"The right to peaceably assemble and petition for redress of grievances, the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, are rights of the citizen guaranteed by the Federal Constitution.\" But, the Court was wary of going further because, \"in the absence of language which expresses such a purpose too clearly to admit of doubt,\" turning the entire field of civil rights and state police power over to the federal government would be too radical", "id": "6430739" }, { "contents": "Political career of John C. Breckinridge\n\n\ntaught him the political philosophies of his late grandfather, U.S. Attorney General John Breckinridge. John Breckinridge believed the federal government was created by, and subject to, the co-equal governments of the states. As a state representative, he introduced the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and 1799, which denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts and asserted that states could nullify them and other federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional. A strict constructionist, he held that the federal government could only exercise powers explicitly given to it in the Constitution. Most", "id": "16373756" }, { "contents": "Federated state\n\n\nthe decentralization of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or vetoed by the federal government. Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the national or federal constitution, and, if they exist, state constitutions as well. Federated states typically, though not necessarily, use differences in the terminology of institutions to which there is an analogous federal-level equivalent. This list is a demonstration of common—though neither exhaustive nor universal—terminology differences between the state", "id": "8152025" }, { "contents": "States' rights\n\n\nIn American political discourse, states' rights are political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment. The enumerated powers that are listed in the Constitution include exclusive federal powers, as well as concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are contrasted with the reserved powers—also called states' rights—that only the states possess. The balance of federal powers and those powers held by", "id": "17906817" }, { "contents": "Ableman v. Booth\n\n\nArticle III that the judicial power in all cases arising under the Constitution or laws of the United States rests in the federal courts, and that the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction in all such cases. Therefore, the Court concluded that the Constitution gives the federal courts the final authority in matters involving interpretation of the Constitution and laws of the United States. Because the Constitution grants this power to the federal courts, the state courts do not have the power to review or interfere with the judgments of federal courts in matters arising under", "id": "18839502" }, { "contents": "Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\n\n\nof the Constitutional Convention therefore do not provide support for the theory of nullification. On the other hand, the records of the Convention support the idea that the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional lies in the federal courts. At least fifteen Constitutional Convention delegates from nine states spoke about the power of the federal courts to declare federal laws unconstitutional. For example, George Mason said that under the Constitution, federal judges \"could declare an unconstitutional law void\". James Madison said: \"A law violating a constitution established by the", "id": "22061135" }, { "contents": "Prime Minister of Canada\n\n\nthe upper chamber and, given Canada's federal nature, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a \"rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us [", "id": "4572111" }, { "contents": "Police power (United States constitutional law)\n\n\nIn United States constitutional law, police power is the capacity of the states to regulate behavior and enforce order within their territory for the betterment of the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of their inhabitants. Under the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the powers not delegated to the Federal Government are reserved to the states or to the people. This implies that the Federal Government does not possess all possible powers, because most of these are reserved to the State governments, and others are reserved to the people", "id": "7747841" }, { "contents": "1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum\n\n\nThe 1944 Australian Referendum was held on 19 August 1944. It contained one referendum question. \"Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944'?\" \"Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944\" was known as the \"14 powers\", or the \"14 points referendum\". It sought to give the federal government power over a period of five years to legislate on a wide variety of", "id": "17665974" }, { "contents": "John Ross (Cherokee chief)\n\n\nwas a power of the federal government. Marshall stated that \"the acts of Georgia are repugnant to the Constitution, laws and treaties of the United States. They interfere forcibly with the relations established between the United States and the Cherokee nation, the regulation of which, according to the settled principles of our Constitution, are committed exclusively to the government of the Union.\" The Cherokee were considered sovereign enough to legally resist the government of Georgia, and they were encouraged to do so. The court maintained that the Cherokee Nation", "id": "15323101" }, { "contents": "Equal footing\n\n\nstate of Oklahoma, arguing that the move was performed in violation of the state constitution's acceptance of the terms of the 1906 Oklahoma Enabling Act, which mandated the capital to be in Guthrie until 1913. The Court noted that the power given to Congress by Article. IV, Section 3, of US the Constitution is to admit new states to the Union, and relates only to such states as are equal to each other in power and dignity and competency to exert the residuum of sovereignty not delegated to the Federal Government.", "id": "14622586" }, { "contents": "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland\n\n\n(which included a standing committee known as the African Affairs Board), and a Supreme Court, among other authorities. Provision was made for the division of powers and duties between the federal and territorial governments. Article 97 of the Constitution empowered the Federal Assembly to amend the Constitution, which included a power to establish a second legislative chamber. The Governor-General would be the representative of the Queen in the Federation. Federal authority extended only to those powers assigned to the federal government and to matters incidental to them. The", "id": "15683551" }, { "contents": "Veazie Bank v. Fenno\n\n\nthe state banks as money. Authority to do this arose from its power to regulate the circulation of coin. It cannot be doubted that under the Constitution the power to provide a circulation of coin is given to Congress. And it is settled by the uniform practice of the government and by repeated decisions, that Congress may constitutionally authorize the emission of bills of credit. ... Having thus, in the exercise of undisputed constitutional powers, undertaken to provide a currency for the whole country, it cannot be questioned that Congress", "id": "14838761" }, { "contents": "Kelantan\n\n\nso much legal complication and it is trans-border many relevant statues namely Petroleum Development Act 1974, Petroleum Mining Act 1966 and requires legal interpretation on some provisions in Federal Constitution. Being the supreme law of the land, any law or any agreements enacted inconsistent with Federal Constitution is void. Since, Malaysia is a federation of 13 states, the division of powers between two level of governments (central government and state government) are the most important feature in the federal constitution. Relevant with the issue, Article 76 gives powers", "id": "4167126" }, { "contents": "Ontario Hydro v Ontario (Labour Relations Board)\n\n\nOntario Hydro v Ontario (Labour Relations Board), [1993] 3 S.C.R. 327 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the federal declaratory power and the peace, order and good government power under the \"Constitution Act, 1867\". The Court held that the regulation of relations between Ontario government and employees of a nuclear power plant was under federal jurisdiction under the federal declaratory power of section 92(10)(c) of the \"Constitution Act, 1867\", and the national concern branch of the peace, order", "id": "13241272" }, { "contents": "James Bay Project\n\n\nconstitution on the grounds that if the British North American Act was going to be changed, then the federal government should cede more powers to the provinces. The willingness of the Trudeau government to intervene on the side of the Cree and Inuit against the Quebec government was at least in part caused by the feud between Bourassa and Trudeau. In a speech championing the Cree, Chrétien said Bourassa \"could go to hell\", charging that he did not have the right to build on or flood the land claimed by the Cree.", "id": "4945870" }, { "contents": "Anglophone problem\n\n\nUS-based Anglophone Action Group, Inc. (AAG). AAG was one of the first groups in the diaspora to endorse the Cameroon-based Consortium as a peaceful alternative to achieving a return to the pre-1972 federated system. Opponents of federation include the ruling Cameroon Peoples Democratic Movement. Unitarianism do not want Federation or Separation, but rather a decentralized unitary government; whereas, now the government is highly centralized in power. This violates the tenets of the 1996 Constitution as decentralization has yet to be implemented. In March 1990,", "id": "6869034" } ]

[ { "contents": "Josephus Stevenot\n\n\nwas invited by West Pointer Gen. Vicente Lim, a Boy Scouting supporter. The Council improved considerably under Stevenot's guidance, and in 1934 he was elected the last President of the BSA Philippine Islands Council No. 545. With the imminent granting of independence to the Philippines by the United States in 1946, Stevenot worked for the establishment of a Philippine Boy Scout organization. \"Almost single-handed, President Stevenot worked for the gradual grant of autonomy to our Boy Scout Organization...\" (— \"Scouting for Filipino Boys\"", "id": "768156" }, { "contents": "Order of World Scouts\n\n\nthe United States (United States Trailblazers). The Order of World Scouts was formed by Sir Francis Vane upon the British Boy Scouts which had spread across the British Empire and the National Peace Scouts. The British Boy Scouts were formed in 1908 as the Battersea Boy Scouts. The Battersea Boy Scouts briefly registered with The Baden-Powell Boy Scouts in September 1908 but withdrew out of a concern that Baden-Powell's organisation was too bureaucratic and militaristic. The Battersea Boy Scouts (BBS) were reconstituted as the British Boy Scouts", "id": "2407274" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America membership controversies\n\n\nof the BSA, saying: This unique American institution is committed to preparing our youth for the future by instilling in them values such as honesty, integrity, and character. Of the Act, Frist explained: This legislation will allow the Boy Scouts to fulfill its mission without the distraction of defending itself against senseless attacks. President of the United States William Howard Taft began serving as the first Honorary President of the Boy Scouts of America in 1911; the tradition has been followed by each succeeding U.S. President. In July 2001,", "id": "12709561" }, { "contents": "Boys' Brigade\n\n\n1910, there were about 2200 companies connected with different churches throughout the British Empire and the United States, with 10,000 officers and 100,000 boys. Companies of The Boys' Brigade used manuals on scout training in their programmes. In May 1903, Robert Baden-Powell became a vice-president. Baden-Powell promoted the idea of scouting and outdoor pursuits in the Boys' Brigade and other boys' organisations and schools. The Boys' Brigade formally began its boy scout scheme in 1906. Scout badges (Silver second class &", "id": "11207038" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nMartin, and James E. West successfully lobbied Congress for a federal charter for the BSA which President Woodrow Wilson signed on June 15, 1916. One of the principal reasons for seeking a congressional charter was to deal with competition from other Scout organizations including the United States Boy Scouts and the Lone Scouts of America. The 1916 statute of incorporation established this institution among a small number of similarly chartered patriotic and national organizations, such as the Girl Scouts, Civil Air Patrol, the American Legion, the Red Cross, Little League Baseball", "id": "799259" }, { "contents": "Scouting and Guiding in Malta\n\n\n. In October 1966, an extraordinary general meeting of The Boy Scouts Association Malta Branch dissolved the branch and the Malta Boy Scouts Association was formed independent from The Scout Association of the United Kingdom. The Association became a member of the Boy Scouts International Conference in December 1966. The Vice-President of the International Conference, Lady Olave Baden-Powell, presented the registration certificate to the Chief Scout of Malta. In the years which followed, the Association changed its name to The Scout Association of Malta (TSAM). In", "id": "18035801" }, { "contents": "Francis O. Belzer\n\n\n, Bradley Polytechnie Institute, Vories Business College, and Indiana University Extension. In 1911, Belzer, although still teaching, became interested in the Boy Scout Movement, which was started in the United States in 1910. It was the winter of 1910-11 that F.O. Belzer and C.C. Osborne met with a group of Irvington boys to organize Scout Troop 9, sponsored by the Irvington United Methodist Church. Under his leadership it became one of the leading troop in the city of Indianapolis. He was president of a Scoutmaster association and", "id": "13547533" }, { "contents": "American Boy Scouts\n\n\nThe American Boy Scouts (ABS), officially American Boy Scout then United States Boy Scouts, officially United States Boy Scout, was an early American Scouting organization formed by William Randolph Hearst in 1910, following on from the formation of the Scouting movement by Robert Baden-Powell between 1903 and 1907. Near the end of its existence, the organizations also used the names American Cadets and U.S. Junior Military Forces. The ABS was the rival of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) similar to the situation in the United Kingdom", "id": "7674634" }, { "contents": "Joseph Csatari\n\n\nBoy Scouts of America, including a painting commemorating the endowment program's 1910 Society. In 1997 an exhibit of these paintings toured the United States at fund-raising events in local councils throughout the country. Though it's not well known, Csatari also painted more than 10 official portraits of BSA presidents and Chief Scout Executives during his career. But it is his paintings of \"Boy Scouts being Boy Scouts, having fun in the outdoors, and doing community service projects\" that he finds most rewarding. Csatari became a freelance", "id": "4980110" }, { "contents": "Carl E. Stewart\n\n\nthe Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure of the Judicial Conference of the United States. Stewart serves on the Centenary College of Louisiana Board of Trustees and the Louisiana State University-Shreveport Chancellor’s Advisory Committee. He is a past President of the Community Foundation of Shreveport-Bossier, and past board member of the KDAQ Public Radio Advisory Board. He is a board member of the Norwela Council Boy Scouts of America where he has served as Council President and as Local Council Representative, National Council of Boy Scouts of", "id": "9182687" }, { "contents": "William Harrison Fetridge\n\n\nWilliam Harrison Fetridge (1906 – July 13, 1989) served as vice president of the Boy Scouts of America, president of the United State Support Fund for International Scouting, and chair of the Finance Planning Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Fetridge was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was a lieutenant commander during World War II, a maritime writer (author of \"The Navy Reader\" and \"The Second Navy Reader\"), Vice-President of \"Popular Mechanics\" magazine, and President of", "id": "1510130" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States Virgin Islands\n\n\nScouting in the United States Virgin Islands has a long history, from the 1920s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. As of March 1, 2013. The US Virgin Islands Council was merged into the National Capital Area Council. The local Scouts are active in the community. The US Virgin Islands Open/Atlantic Blue Marlin Tournament helps to fund the Marine Vocational Program (MVP) for the Boy Scouts of America. Boy Scouts of America interests in the United", "id": "13261501" }, { "contents": "Dan Ownby\n\n\nDaniel Gil \"Dan\" Ownby (born December 2, 1968) is a Houston area energy professional and currently serves as the International Commissioner for the Boy Scouts of America. He also is a member of the Executive Committee of the Boy Scouts of America and heads the United States Fund for International Scouting (USFIS). Ownby, a member of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, graduated from Oklahoma State University with a Marketing degree in 1991. His professional career includes multiple roles in the energy industry and he currently serves as president", "id": "4338344" }, { "contents": "Scouting\n\n\nboys and girls, In other countries, especially within Europe, Scouting and Guiding have merged, and there is a single organization for boys and girls, which is a member of both the WOSM and the WAGGGS. The United States-based Boy Scouts of America permitted girls to join in early 2018. In others, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, the national Scout association has opted to admit both boys and girls, but is only a member of the WOSM, while the national Guide association has remained as a", "id": "8285720" }, { "contents": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\n\n\n. From 1912 to 1943 the BSA issued an index-sized card with information about the Eagle Scout. Wallet-size cards were introduced in 1944 and switched to a plastic credit card style in 1991. Certificates suitable for framing were first issued in 1944. As the honorary president of the BSA, the signature of the President of the United States appears on all certificates. Replacement of a card or certificate can be made by application through the National Eagle Scout Association (NESA). Eagle Scouts are expected to set an example", "id": "11592626" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Arizona\n\n\nScouting in Arizona has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. Boy Scouting was founded by Robert Baden-Powell in England and co-founded by the American Scout Major Frederick Russell Burnham. Boy Scouting was brought to the United States by William D. Boyce. He incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910. The Boy Scouts of America was chartered by Congress on June 15, 1916. This is the same", "id": "14170070" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States\n\n\n\"Scouting\" service mark, several Scouting organizations were forced to change their names. In 1918, the Life Saving Scouts changed its name to LifeSaving Guards-Boys which led to many Life Saving units transferring to the BSA. LifeSaving Guards leader began to press for affiliation with the BSA. United States Boy Scouts then changed its name to American Cadets in 1919. The ABS survived for a few more years under various names before fading away. The Columbian Squires, run by the Knights of Columbus were formed in 1925. In", "id": "7024024" }, { "contents": "Cradle of Liberty Council\n\n\n[2:08-cv-02429RB] which was a U.S. Court case involving the Cradle of Liberty Council versus the City of Philadelphia. The case was filed on May 23, 2008 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Judge Ronald L. Buckwalter presided over the case. The Boy Scouts were represented by Drinker Biddle. The case ended with the court ruling in favor of the Boy Scouts of America that the City of Philadelphia illegally attempted to abrogate the Council's federally protected civil rights. Under federal Civil Rights Law, the", "id": "1416337" }, { "contents": "List of the oldest Scout groups\n\n\nthen a territory of the USA) in 1910. Hence the first Boy Scout unit in the Philippines was the YMCA troop organised by Brown. In the official \"Handbook for Boys\" of the Boy Scouts of America, First Edition, August 1911 (still in print today!), page 354 (page 222 of PDF copy), in a letter from BSA Honorary Vice President Theodore Roosevelt (former US President) to BSA Executive Secretary (later Chief Scout Executive) James E. West, dated 20 July 1911, Roosevelt", "id": "16706848" }, { "contents": "We, Too, Have a Job to Do\n\n\nWe, Too, Have a Job to Do is a painting by American illustrator Norman Rockwell that depicts a Boy Scout in full uniform standing in front of a waving American flag. It was originally created by Rockwell in 1942 for the 1944 Brown & Bigelow Boy Scout Calendar. The model, Bob Hamilton, won a contest to be in the painting and personally delivered a print to the Vice President of the United States at the time, Henry A. Wallace. The painting was created to encourage Scouts to participate in the war effort", "id": "13741642" }, { "contents": "Roy Chapman Andrews\n\n\nexploration.) Later that year, Andrews returned to the United States and divorced his wife, with whom he had two sons. He married his second wife, Wilhelmina Christmas, in 1935. In 1927, the Boy Scouts of America made Andrews an \"Honorary Scout\", a new category of Scout created that same year. This distinction was given to \"American citizens whose achievements in outdoor activity, exploration and worthwhile adventure are of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys...\". Andrews was President", "id": "6211042" }, { "contents": "Scout Association of Malta\n\n\nface of continuous enemy action in the war for freedom\"\". The Maltese Boy Scouts Association was then formed in October 1966, right after Malta became an independent nation earlier in 1964. In October 1966, an extraordinary general meeting of The Boy Scouts Association Malta Branch dissolved the branch and the Malta Boy Scouts Association was formed independent from The Scout Association of the United Kingdom. The Association became a member of the Boy Scouts International Conference in December 1966. The Vice-President of the International Conference, Lady Olave Baden-", "id": "1946958" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States\n\n\n. These include the American Boy Scouts, the Polish National Alliance Scouts of Chicago, and the Rhode Island Scouts, the YMMIA Scouts of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (formed November 29, 1911 merged May 21, 1913), United Boys' Brigade of America's Scout program and California Boy Scouts. The American Boy Scouts were organized by William Randolph Hearst in May and June 1910 but by the end of the year Hearst had left followed by the New England Department as the New England Boy Scouts", "id": "7024021" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America v. Dale\n\n\nCleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton. The Boy Scouts of America were represented by attorney George Davidson, a partner in the New York-based law firm Hughes Hubbard & Reed. Davidson is a former President of the Legal Aid Society and chair of the Federal Defenders of New York. The Supreme Court decided 5–4 for the BSA on June 28, 2000. Chief Justice William Rehnquist's majority opinion relied upon \"Roberts v. United States Jaycees\", 468 U.S. 609, 622 (1984), in which the Supreme Court said:", "id": "20268933" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States\n\n\nand the following year the Rhode Island Boy Scouts. Other groups used the Scout name, but did not provide the Scouting program. Colonel Cody’s Boy Scouts were formed in 1909 and continue as the American Cadet Alliance. The Michigan Forest Scouts were organized in 1911 as auxiliaries for forest fire service and was a model copied by New York. These Forest Scouts were considered affiliated with the BSA. The ABS changed their name to the United States Boy Scouts in 1913 after pressure from the BSA. Boyce created the Lone Scouts of", "id": "7024022" }, { "contents": "Defunct Scout and Scout-like organizations in the United States\n\n\n-Lane had limited social connections and no financial resources to grow the organization on a national level. The GSA eventually died out. Boy Scouts of the United States (BSUS) was a boys Scouting organization that operated in 1910. Boy Scouts of the United States was formed by the National Highway Protective Association on May 5, 1910 by Colonel E.S. Cornell, association secretary, and Colonel Peter S. Bomus, with Bomus heading up the program. Troops were to be operational by mid-summer 1910 on a small scale. Edward", "id": "6835546" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States\n\n\nnotably the Boy Scouts of the United States (BSUS), the National Scouts of America (NSA) and the Peace Scouts of California—these later merged into the BSA soon after it was formed. The Southern Baptist Convention’s Royal Ambassadors was founded in 1908 for elementary-school-aged boys. The YMCA in Michigan was organizing Scout troops based on \"Scouting for Boys\" as early as 1909. Salvation Army founder William Booth met with Baden-Powell for discussion about a possible Salvationist Scouting program. The Salvation Army", "id": "7024018" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Greater London\n\n\nof Baden-Powell Boy Scouts was Sir Francis Vane. Vane later became the second President of the British Boy Scouts which had begun in Battersea, London. In 1909, the London Diocesan Boy Scout Corp, was formed by the Church of England. One of the oldest Scout Groups in London is the 1st City of London Scout Group, which is still notable as the only Scout Group in the traditional City of London. In September 1909, a Boy Scout Rally at Crystal Palace was attended by 11,000 Scouts including a patrol", "id": "11202361" }, { "contents": "American Boy Scouts\n\n\nThe ABS joined the Order of World Scouts in 1911. In August 1911, General Edwin A. McAlpin was elected national president and Chief Scout. In March 1912, an ABS Scout in uniform shot and killed a boy with a rifle after a Scout function. Remington Arms designed the 4S Boy Scout Rifle and advertised it as the \"Official Rifle of the American Boy Scouts\" and sold it from 1913 to 1914. The American Boy Scouts were often confused with the Boy Scouts of America, which sometimes caused problems with fund raising", "id": "7674640" }, { "contents": "American Boy Scouts\n\n\nand misattributed publicity. The ABS board of directors voted in October 1913 to change the name of the organization to the United States Boy Scout (USBS), primarily to prevent the confusion. In 1915, BSA President Livingston claimed that the USBS carried guns as part of the program. In 1916, the USBS sought but did not receive a federal charter. After the BSA received a federal charter in 1916, Chief Scout Executive James E. West pressed the USBS to change its name without success. The BSA filed a lawsuit for", "id": "7674641" }, { "contents": "Scouts Australia\n\n\nGuiding in Australia. The organisation was formed in 1958 under the name Australian Boy Scouts Association, as a branch of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom. Prior to its formation, branches of The Boy Scouts Association were formed in each of the Australian states. Initially each Australian state branch was directly responsible to Imperial Headquarters of The Boy Scouts Association in London. In 1922, The Boy Scouts Association formed its Australian Federal Council, consisting of nominees of its Australian state branches, to achieve co-operation and coordination at", "id": "4673210" }, { "contents": "History of the Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nThe Boy Scouts of America (BSA) was inspired by and modeled on the Boy Scout Association, established by Baden-Powell in Britain in 1908. In the early 1900s, several youth organizations were active, and many became part of the BSA (see Scouting in the United States). The BSA was founded in 1910 and grew rapidly and became the largest youth organization in the United States. Early issues involved race, the \"younger boy problem,\" and the \"older boy problem.\" Troops initially followed local", "id": "215019" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of the Philippines\n\n\nIn 1975–86, in compliance with the orders of Pres. Marcos, the Boy Scouts of the Philippines was renamed \"Kapatirang Scout ng Pilipinas\" (literally meaning Scout Brotherhood of the Philippines). The Scout age groups were reduced from four to two. The Scout Oath and Scout Law were revised and a new Scout badge was devised. President Ferdinand Marcos took the title of Chief Scout, the first Philippine head of state to hold the title. In 1986, the Golden Jubilee of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines (1936–86", "id": "6859357" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America centennial\n\n\nCrest and over the left pocket. It may be worn by any member in recognition of the centennial. The United States Mint issued 350,000 commemorative centennial silver dollar coins after a bill was signed into law on October 8, 2008 by President George W. Bush. The United States Postal Service presented the Celebrate Scouting stamp on November 12, 2009. On January 1, 2010, the BSA had a float in the Tournament of Roses Parade. Also, over 300 Eagle Scouts marched in the Parade. Organized by the San Gabriel Valley", "id": "9870561" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Rhode Island\n\n\nScouting in Rhode Island has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. The Rhode Island Boy Scouts (RIBS), formerly American Boy Scouts of Rhode Island , was a Scouting organization in the United States from 1910 until its merger with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in 1917. RIBS still exists as a trustee organization. In 1910 the First Providence Troop was organized in Washington Park. On October 24, 1910 the", "id": "13526974" }, { "contents": "Yorihiro Matsudaira\n\n\ntroop in Tokyo, now Gakushūin Group 1 in Toshima. He had an extended tour of the United States, during which he was a leader of the delegation of 22 Japanese Boy Scouts to the National Jamboree of the Boy Scouts of America, held at Irvine Ranch in southern California in July 1953 and later spent a month at the Schiff Scout Reservation in New Jersey attending the national training school for Scout executives. He also visited Arthur A. Schuck, the Chief Scout Executive at the national office of the Boy Scouts of America in", "id": "696505" }, { "contents": "P. B. Nevill\n\n\nPercy Bantock Nevill, OBE, FCA (Hackney, 1887-1975), commonly known P. B. Nevill, was a chartered accountant, became Scoutmaster of the 5th Enfield Boy Scout troop in late 1909, after the beginning of Scouting and held many positions within The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom including as Headquarters Commissioners and as Vice-President of the Association. He contributed to Scouting in major projects, such as the founding of Gilwell Park and Roland House and donated Kingsdown Scout Camp to The Boy Scouts Association. He", "id": "11491036" }, { "contents": "James \"Red\" Duke\n\n\nDuke, aimed towards students wishing to research and train in the field of trauma. Duke was also noted outside the medical community. He attained the rank of Eagle Scout, and the Boy Scouts of America honored him with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. As founder and past president of the Texas Bighorn Society, Duke was a major supporter of many wildlife conservation groups. He served as president of the Boone and Crockett Club, the oldest conservation organization in the United States, and the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep. Duke", "id": "17891103" }, { "contents": "Hezekiah Leonard Clark Jr.\n\n\nPythagoras, Board of Governors Phoenix Council #17, Knights of Pythagoras and a member of The Phylaxis Society (International Masonic Education Society). Clark was a member of the American Legion Post #588, and a member of the United States Junior Chamber of Commerce (JC’s), where he served as Internal Vice President and External Vice President. He attained the rank of Life Scout, Boy Scouts of America and he was Junior Assistant Scout Master, Troop #132, New Orleans, Louisiana. He is a member", "id": "2611151" }, { "contents": "Walter W. Head\n\n\nMcHaney. Head was appointed by Nebraska Governor Samuel R. McKelvie in 1920 to the Nebraska Capitol Commission, which was responsible for the construction of the new Nebraska State Capitol building. Head served as fourth and sixth national president of the Boy Scouts of America. His first term was from 1926–1931. His successor, Mortimer L. Schiff died after one month in office; Head then served from 1931-1946. During his presidency, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) held its first national Scout jamboree in Washington, D. C..", "id": "8693746" }, { "contents": "List of the oldest Scout groups\n\n\nfirst camp in January 1915. Since its first day on 27 April 1914, the troop remains continuously active. The 1st Douglas Scout Group, on the Isle of Man (a Crown Dependency of the UK and not technically part of the UK) was also founded in 1909. There are numerous troops which claim to be first Boy Scout troop in the United States. Although there appear to be several Boy Scout troops that were operating prior to the establishment of the Boy Scouts of America, none of these claims are deemed verifiable", "id": "16706843" }, { "contents": "Boys' Brigade\n\n\nBoys' Brigade Scouts later made dual registration with The Boy Scouts Association. The 1st Bournemouth Scouts was run by the 1st Bournemouth Boys' Brigade as a 'BP' Scout group and never a 'BB Scout 'Section'. The Boys' Life Brigade, which merged with The Boys' Brigade in 1926, also operated its own boy scouts and was a member organization of the National Peace Scouts with the British Boy Scouts. The Boys' Brigade Scouts continued until 1927. Some former Boys' Brigade Scout units continued independently", "id": "11207040" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Kentucky\n\n\nScouting in Kentucky has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. Kentucky has a very early Scouting heritage, as the home state of Daniel Carter (Uncle Dan) Beard. Burnside, in south-central Kentucky, is believed to be home to the first Boy Scout troop in the United States. In 1908, two years before the Boy Scouts of America was officially organized, Mrs. Myra Greeno Bass organized a local troop of", "id": "14651185" }, { "contents": "National Christmas Tree (United States)\n\n\nthe president emerged to speak briefly and light the tree. A member of the Boy Scouts of America and either the Girl Scouts of the USA or the Camp Fire Girls would greet the president on behalf of the people of the city of Washington. After the president returned to the White House, the band would play more music for a half-hour, and then the public would be cleared from the area. In 1952, however, a group of Catholic Church sodalities asked that a nativity scene be included in the ceremony", "id": "15150446" }, { "contents": "Staten Island Greenbelt\n\n\nHighway Act and hope in the person of President John F. Kennedy’s Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall, mobilized in opposition to these plans. They first saved High Rock Girl Scout Camp, the acreage of which had originally been a part of Pouch Boy Scout Camp, including Orbach Lake, to the north. With a $35,000 grant from the State of New York it was bought from the Boy Scouts and established as Camp High Rock for Girls. For thirteen years, the camp served girl scouts from throughout the five", "id": "2983400" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States\n\n\n, the two main international Scouting associations. \"Scouting\" in the United States is the exclusive trademark of the Boy Scouts of America. However, there are a number of other youth programs in the U.S. that are not recognized by any international Scouting associations, but use many methods of Scouting. Some of these programs are explicitly religious, while others are breakaway organizations which disagree with the policies of the BSA and GSUSA. The International Scout and Guide Fellowship is an alumni association open to former members of the World Association of Girl", "id": "7024033" }, { "contents": "Greater New York Councils\n\n\ncamp large enough to accommodate the burgeoning growth of Scouting in the New York metropolitan area during the 1920s, with a goal of providing camping for 3,500 Scouts at a time. Led by future New York governor and President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), who was president of the New York City Boy Scout Foundation, the group selected TMR's present site, oversaw the land acquisition process from multiple owners, and raised funds for the large camp's development. In recognition of his pivotal role in the founding", "id": "9055099" }, { "contents": "Sunnydale School\n\n\nBoy Scout and a Girl Scout unit. Scouts from these units have participated in Local, National & International events like Jamboree, Regional Camp & District Camp. In line with the previous years, the 6th Sunnydale Annual Scout Camp 2015-16 hold at Lalmai Hills, Comilla in December 2015. 7th Sunnydale Annual Scout Camp 2016-17 hold at NSTC, Mouchak, Gazipur in December 2016. On July 13, 2017 Scout Rafid Ahmed Munjid of Sunnydale School achieved President's Scout Award from His Excellency President of People's Republic", "id": "8612720" }, { "contents": "Scout Association of Hong Kong\n\n\nThe Scout Association of Hong Kong is the largest scouting organisation in Hong Kong. Scout training was first introduced in Hong Kong in 1909 and 1910 by the Protestant based Boys' Brigade, Chums Scout Patrols and British Boy Scouts. The Catholic St. Joseph's College, formed its Boy Scout Troop in 1913, and registered with the Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom in 1914. The Boy Scouts Association formed its Hong Kong Local Association in July 1915 which became its Hong Kong Branch. After changes to the name of the United", "id": "9594153" }, { "contents": "Scouting and Guiding in Malaysia\n\n\nThe Scout and Guide Movement in Malaysia consists of In addition, there is an international troop of Scouts in Kuala Lumpur, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. Scouting in Malaya (now Malaysia) was first introduced in Penang in 1908 as an experimental troop in YMCA before spreading throughout the entire peninsula. Some local Scout troops registered with [[The Scout Association|The Boy Scouts Association} of the United Kingdom which established a local branch, the Boy Scouts Association Malaya", "id": "4577376" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Kentucky\n\n\n15 boys, using official Boy Scout materials she had acquired from England. A sign at the edge of town declares Burnside \"Birthplace of Boy Scouts of America\", and an official state historical society marker commemorates the troop. Burnside is now part of the Blue Grass Council. Boy Scouts of America Troop 1 in Frankfort, Kentucky was established in 1909 by Stanley A. Harris. There has been a long-standing belief that this was the very first Boy Scout troop in the United States. However, Troop 1 was originally", "id": "14651186" }, { "contents": "Patrick T. Caffery\n\n\nthe City of Nashville, Tennessee. His great-great-great-great uncle, Andrew Jackson, served as the President of the United States. His grandfather, Donelson Caffery, served as a United States Senator. Pat Caffery was born at Haifleigh Plantation in St. Mary Parish and reared in the parish seat of Franklin. He was the eleventh of twelve children of Ralph Earl Caffery and the former Letitia Decuir. An Eagle Scout, he was selected in 1950 in a nationwide competition by the Boy Scouts of America to present", "id": "5233459" }, { "contents": "President's Scout (Singapore Scout Association)\n\n\nThe President's Scout Award is the highest rank in the Singapore Scout Association. It is awarded after completing a determined list of accomplishments. The idea of the President's Scout Award (PSA) for Singapore Scouts was first mooted when the former colony of UK attained independence in 1965, after a brief merger with the Federation of Malaysia between 1963–65 and self-governance as the State of Singapore between 1959-63. The Singapore Boy Scouts Association (renamed the Singapore Scout Association in 1968) was a branch of The Scout Association", "id": "3708345" }, { "contents": "Boy Rangers of America\n\n\nThe Boy Rangers of America was a Scouting program in the United States for boys ages 8 through 12. It was organized on January 24, 1913 in Montclair, New Jersey by Emerson Brooks. Although independent of the Boy Scouts of America, it was the precursor of the BSA's Cubbing program now known as Cub Scouting. As early as 1911, Ernest Thompson Seton, the Chief Scout of the BSA, had developed a program for the Boy Scouts of America named Cub Scouts of America that was never implemented. Chief Scout", "id": "3183076" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of the United Nations\n\n\nChronicle\" newspaper stated: The Boy Scouts of the United Nations are planning to resume their world-wide friendships, through correspondence, exchange of equipment and by meeting in person at the great World Scout Jamborees when the war is won. The Boy Scouts of America, celebrating its 35th anniversary from February 8th to 14th, with its theme \"Scouts of the World-Brothers Together\" is encouraging its members to establish contacts with other Scout Troops in war-torn lands, and if possible, help them restore Scouting. The", "id": "15892340" }, { "contents": "USS Boy Scout (SP-53)\n\n\nUSS \"Boy Scout\" (SP-53), a wooden-hulled motorboat that served as a section patrol craft, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the Boy Scouts of America and by extension for Scouting throughout the world. Her keel was laid down in 1916 at Lynn, Massachusetts, by Britt Brothers. She was acquired by the United States Navy from Albert Geiger, Jr., of Brookline, Massachusetts, and classified as a section patrol (SP) craft. Initially assigned to First Naval", "id": "9900983" }, { "contents": "Josefa Llanes Escoda\n\n\nin Philippines. During her first trip to the United States, while she was at the Women's International League for Peace (1925), she met Antonio Escoda, whom she later married. They had two children: Maria Theresa (which later became the President of the Cultural Center of the Philippines during the 1980's); and Antonio L. Escoda, Jr. She returned to the Philippines again in the 1940s after undergoing intensified training in Girl Scouting in USA sponsored by the Boy Scouts of the Philippines. Afterwards, she began", "id": "3156273" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Georgia (U.S. state)\n\n\nScouting in Georgia has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. The state is home to many milestones for the Scouting movement. The Girl Scout Birthplace is located in Savannah, and President Jimmy Carter served as a Scoutmaster in Plains, Georgia. Dating back to 1920, Boy Scouts of America (BSA) was prominent in Georgia. Until 1974, some southern councils were racially segregated. (The Old Hickory council did not integrate", "id": "5920719" }, { "contents": "Scouting in Mississippi\n\n\nThe Men's Bible Class\" First United Methodist church where it has remained. The Troop has been continuously chartered since 1910 and is as old as the incorporated Boy Scouts of America. In 1912, one year after the Boy Scout movement came from England to the United States, George F. Maynard, Sr. founded the first troop in Tupelo — Troop 1. Scout units were soon founded in other cities such as Picayune, Corinth and Oxford. There are eight Boy Scouts of America (BSA) local councils in Mississippi.", "id": "14584778" }, { "contents": "National Christmas Tree (United States)\n\n\ncourtesy of the American Ice Co. President Eisenhower lit the tree in front of 7,500 people at 5:25 P.M. Six Boy Scouts and Cub Scouts from around the world (flown in with funds provided by UNICEF) joined the president on the dais. Movie actor Robert Montgomery, who served as Eisenhower's advisor on the president's television appearances, was also present. The ceremony was carried by all the major radio and television networks. The total cost of the event was set at $30,000 (about $253,000 in 2011 inflation-adjusted", "id": "15150454" }, { "contents": "Alpha Phi Omega\n\n\nDuring his time as president, the number of chapters grew to 109. Early in his term (October 1931), Alpha Phi Omega was formally recognized by the Boy Scouts of America. The most rapid growth of the fraternity was in the post-war years. By 1950, Alpha Phi Omega had 227 chapters in the United States. The first chapter outside the US was organized in the Philippines that year. Many Filipinos were active in the Boy Scouts. Sol Levy, an APO member from University of Washington and Professional", "id": "8191101" }, { "contents": "The Scout Association of Guyana\n\n\nThe Scout Association of Guyana had its origin as a branch of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom in 1909 and joined the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1967. In 2008, it was reported that the association had 424 members. Some of the early Scout Troops in British Guiana registered with The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom which established a branch in British Guiana. The Boy Scouts Association appointed a District Commissioner, District Committee and its Executive Committee. In 1920 these became the Colony Commissioner, Colony Boy", "id": "6609466" }, { "contents": "Walther von Bonstetten\n\n\nin Geneva. In 1913, he was among the founders of the \"Pfadicorps Patria\" in Bern, one of the early Swiss Scout units. From 1918 to 1927, he served as President of the Swiss Boy Scouts. He founded the \"Scouts International Home\" Association in 1923, later to be known as Kandersteg International Scout Centre. He served as Chief Scout of Switzerland from 1927 to 1934.In 1928, he received the Silver Buffalo Award from the National Court of Honor of the Boy Scouts of America for remarkable and extraordinary", "id": "2378541" }, { "contents": "Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nWrenn v. Boy Scouts of America, No. 3:03-cv-04057, was a case before the United States District Court for the Northern District of California; Wrenn asked for the cancellation of federal trademark registrations of the Boy Scouts of America. Cub Scouting is a program of the Boy Scouts of America for boys under the age of 11. The daughter of Gregory J. Wrenn was denied admission to the Cub Scout pack where her twin brother was registered. Wrenn founded the National Council of Youthscouts in 2002 as a \"non-discriminatory Scouting organization", "id": "9976357" }, { "contents": "Scouting in North Carolina\n\n\nIn the early 1900s Baden-Powell began developing the concepts of scouting and he put his theories to the test during the summer of 1907. He took a group of 22 boys to Brownsea Island where he conducted the first Boy Scout camp. He divided the boys into four groups and established the \"patrol method\". In 1908 Baden-Powell published \"Scouting for Boys\", the first Boy Scout handbook. Scouting came to the United States a short time later. There were already boy organizations in the US under the", "id": "14651444" }, { "contents": "Scouting and Guiding in Bahrain\n\n\nThe Scout and Guide movement in Bahrain is served by There are American Boy Scouts in Manama, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. The troop's membership generally is drawn from Americans and occasionally foreign nationals attending Bahrain School. The Bahrain School also sponsors a Cub Scout unit for younger boys. In addition to the Bahrain School Cub Scout Pack, there is another BSA Cub Scout unit (Pack 820) that meets on the western side of the island that is", "id": "19156272" }, { "contents": "Sterling Long-Colbo\n\n\nBoy Scouts of America))—that he considers his \"adopted son\" whom, as a direct result of Long-Colbo's mentorship, is a member of the United States Navy SEALs. Long-Colbo has been involved in extensive charitable work since his late teens and college years, during which he coordinated a number of events for the Boy Scouts and the Alzheimer's Association; and later the Boy Scouts, KaBOOM!, Boys & Girls Clubs of America (volunteer only), Share Our Strength, a program aimed at feeding homeless", "id": "4107377" }, { "contents": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\n\n\nSam Walton, Marriott International CEO J. W. Marriott, Jr., and Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City and founder of Bloomberg L.P. Eagle Scouts who have held public office include 38th President of the United States Gerald R. Ford, 22nd U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, 13th and 21st U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, 69th U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Stephen Breyer and 84th U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions. In academia, Eagle Scouts are represented by Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction", "id": "11592634" }, { "contents": "Defunct Scout and Scout-like organizations in the United States\n\n\nthat operated starting in 1910. Salvation Army founder William Booth met with Baden-Powell for discussion about a possible Salvationist Scouting program. The Salvation Army thus began its Life Saving Scouts of the World in 1913 for boys and in 1915 a parallel organisation, Life-Saving Guards, for girls. After the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the BSA's rights to the \"Scouting\" service mark, several Scouting organizations were forced to change their names. In 1918, the Life Saving Scouts changed its name to LifeSaving Guards-Boys which", "id": "6835548" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nthe United States, was quoted in the 1980s in an article regarding sexual assault cases against Scout leaders across all 50 states: \"That's been an issue since the Boy Scouts began.\" Several reports have surfaced over the years regarding incidents of sexual abuse within the Boy Scouts of America to include incidents of repeat offenders. There have also been several high-profile court cases that resulted in convictions and settlements involving such incidents. On October 19, 2012, the Boy Scouts of America were forced by court order to release", "id": "799320" }, { "contents": "Scout councils (Boy Scouts of America)\n\n\ncounted: The council level organization is similar to that of the National Council. Councils are headed by a collective of three people known as the 'Key 3'. The Key 3 consists of the Scout executive, a paid employee who administers a staff of professional Scouters; a council president, a volunteer, serves as the chairman of a volunteer board of directors; and a council commissioner, also a volunteer, coordinates the efforts of trained volunteers who provide direct service to the units (Cub Scout packs, Boy Scout troops", "id": "17051657" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nThe Boy Scouts of America (also known as BSA or, colloquially, Boy Scouts) is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 2.3 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The stated", "id": "799248" }, { "contents": "Defunct Scout and Scout-like organizations in the United States\n\n\nL. Rowan in \"To Do My Best\" indicated that Colonel E.S. Cornell had formed the National Highway Patrol Association Scouts. BSUS soon merged with the Boy Scouts of America with Bomus becoming a member of the National Council and National Scout Commissioner. In addition to the Boy Scout program of Baden-Powell, the BSUS troops were to advocate for good roads, drilled in a military style and study the nation's topography. The LifeSaving Guards-Boys, or the Life Saving Scouts of the World, was a Boy Scouting organization", "id": "6835547" }, { "contents": "Konrad Juengling\n\n\n\"Gay PV\" characterized the Juengling family as \"involved in the arts\". He is a collateral descendant of United States President Abraham Lincoln through Lincoln's great-grandfather John Lincoln. In February 2005, Juengling earned his Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America; his project was removing graffiti from public parks and fences in Four Corners, Oregon. Juengling attended North Salem High School, from which he graduated in 2005. While at North, he was a reporter for the student newspaper \"The Clarion\".", "id": "14591018" }, { "contents": "Wood Badge\n\n\nMortimer L. Schiff Scout Reservation, the Boy Scouts of America national training center until 1979. Despite this early first course, Wood Badge was not formally adopted in the United States until 1948 under the guidance of Bill Hillcourt who became national Deputy Camp Chief of the United States. Today the national training center of the Boy Scouts of America is the Philmont Training Center, which hosts a few camps each year. Nearly all Wood Badge courses are held throughout the country at local council camps under the auspices of each BSA region. Wood", "id": "6964889" }, { "contents": "Wood Badge (Boy Scouts of America)\n\n\nkey element of the overall leadership training program. Francis Gidney, the first camp chief of Gilwell Park, came to the United States in 1922 at the instigation of Walter W. Head, a member of the Boy Scouts of America National Board, and later its President. While Gidney demonstrated some of the Scoutcraft tricks from Gilwell, his ideas did not arouse interest, but were treated as entertainment by the American audience. A number of American Scouters later traveled to England and took the British Wood Badge course. These included assistant director", "id": "13313541" }, { "contents": "Straus Clothing\n\n\nmoney to build boy scout Camp Wilderness in nearby Minnesota, and was awarded the Silver Buffalo Award in 1974 for his efforts on behalf of the boy scouts. Between about 1934 and 1941, Herman Stern worked tirelessly to rescue more than 140 German Jews from the Holocaust by bringing them to the United States, beginning with members of his own family, and eventually helping more distant relatives, friends, and acquaintances. Edward Stern was a WWII veteran, founder of the Fargo-Moorhead Area Foundation, two-term President of the", "id": "21194003" }, { "contents": "William W. Edel\n\n\nWilliam W. Edel (March 16, 1894 – September 16, 1996) was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, United States Navy Chaplain and 22nd President of Dickinson College. William Wilcox Edel was born March 16, 1894 in Baltimore. He attended Friends School of Baltimore, Baltimore City College, Dickinson College and Boston University School of Theology. Edel was one of the earliest Boy Scouts in America. As a member of Troop 1 of Mount Washington in the summer of 1910, Edel attended the first National Boy Scout Camp", "id": "5860699" }, { "contents": "LGBT rights opposition\n\n\nimmoral, and that Scouts are expected to have certain moral standards and values, as the Scout Oath and Scout Law requires boys to be \"morally straight\". The Boy Scout organization does not view their policy as unjustly discriminatory, but instead defends their policy saying that, \"Tolerance for diversity of values does not require abdication of one's own values\". In 2000 the United States Supreme Court ruled in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale that the Boy Scouts of America is a private organization, and as such can decide", "id": "12927288" }, { "contents": "Elmo Zumwalt\n\n\nScout Award from the Boy Scouts of America, attended Tulare Union High School in Tulare, California, where he became the valedictorian, and Rutherford Preparatory School in Long Beach, California. Zumwalt had planned to become a doctor like his parents, but in 1939, he was accepted to the United States Naval Academy (USNA) at Annapolis, Maryland. As a midshipman at the USNA, he was president of the Trident Society, vice president of the Quarterdeck Society and the two-time winner of the June Week Public Speaking", "id": "5088673" }, { "contents": "Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America\n\n\n-WALLACE; MICHAEL & VALERIE BREEN; and MAXWELL BREEN, Plaintiffs, v. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA; CITY OF SAN DIEGO; and BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA — DESERT PACIFIC COUNCIL. Case No. 00CV1726 J (AJB). The State of California filed an amicus brief in support of the plaintiffs. The United States Department of Justice and the American Civil Rights Union, a non-partisan legal policy organization, submitted an amicus brief on behalf of the Boy Scouts. In 2003, Judge Napoleon A. Jones Jr. of the", "id": "789020" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America membership controversies\n\n\nrequire Scouts and Scouters to believe in God, those in leadership positions to not be openly homosexual, and the exclusion of girls from membership in some programs. There has been some opposition to single-sex membership programs and organizations in the United States including some programs of the BSA. The Boy Scouts of America admits only boys to its Cub Scouting and Boy Scouting programs. Several lawsuits involving girls seeking admission to these programs have resulted in court rulings that the BSA is not required to admit girls (see Yeaw v. Boy Scouts", "id": "12709547" }, { "contents": "Boy Scout Memorial\n\n\nThe Boy Scout Memorial is a public artwork by American sculptor Donald De Lue, located at The Ellipse in Washington, D.C., United States. This sculpture was surveyed in 1993 as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program. The \"Boy Scout Memorial\" serves as a tribute to the Boy Scouts of America. The sculpture consists of three bronze figures: a Boy Scout in the center wearing a uniform stepping forward and carrying a walking stick in his left hand. Flanking him are two larger allegorical figures of a", "id": "19633058" }, { "contents": "Midway City, California\n\n\nwhich the national Boy Scouts of America office in Irving, Texas identified as a rare event. Eight years after attaining the rank of Eagle Scout, Hipolito was selected in 2009 from among 3.5 million scouts nationwide as one of six scouts to represent the Boy Scouts of America organization before the U.S. president and Congress. Hipolito later receive a special commendation from the mayor of the City of Huntington Beach for representing the city on the trip to Washington, D.C. to meet with President Barack Obama. In January 2003, H.O.M.E.S., Inc. opened", "id": "102804" }, { "contents": "Louis Freeh\n\n\n, and Associate United States Attorney. He was also a first lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. As a youth, Freeh became an Eagle Scout in 1963 and in 1995 was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award by the Boy Scouts of America. A notable case Freeh was associated with was the \"Pizza Connection\" investigation, in which he was lead prosecutor. The case, prosecuted in the mid-1980s, involved a drug trafficking operation in the United States by Sicilian organized crime members who used pizza parlors as fronts. After", "id": "19745064" }, { "contents": "Scouting in the United States\n\n\nScouting in the United States is dominated by the 2.7 million-member Boy Scouts of America and the Girl Scouts of the USA and other associations that are recognized by one of the international Scouting organizations. There are also a few smaller, independent groups that are considered to be \"Scout-like\" or otherwise Scouting related. The progressive movement in the United States was at its height during the early twentieth century. With the migration of families from rural to urban centers, there were concerns among some people that young men were", "id": "7024015" }, { "contents": "Chester County Council\n\n\n, a Boy Scout-only camp, and one of the few long-term camps left in the United States that operates a 7-day program. The other is Camp John H. Ware, III (in Fulton Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania), known before 1985 as Camp Jubilee, which was first opened in the 1950s as an Explorer base, but later acquired permanent facilities. The camp is a \"multi-use\" facility and hosts Boy Scout, Cub Scout, Venturing (BSA's co-ed Scouting)", "id": "4262976" }, { "contents": "Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia\n\n\nCradle of Liberty Council, Inc., Boy Scouts of America, v. City of Philadelphia also known as Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia, [2:08-cv-02429RB] is a U.S. Court case involving the Cradle of Liberty Council versus the City of Philadelphia. The case was filed on May 23, 2008, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Judge Ronald L. Buckwalter presided over the case. The Boy Scouts were represented by Drinker Biddle & Reath. The case ended with the court ruling in favor", "id": "17899942" }, { "contents": "History of the Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nby the Venturing division. Currently, nominations are solicited for regional presidents, who are selected at the Annual National Meeting of the BSA in May by a subcommittee from the National Venturing Committee. The president is now selected from the pool of the four region presidents of the previous term. Many councils have council level Venturing youth cabinets (which may be called Venturing Officer Associations VOA or Teen Leader Councils) who plan and carry out Venturing events at the Council and District levels. The BSA currently divides the United States into four regions", "id": "215103" }, { "contents": "List of Scouts\n\n\nThis is a list of notable Scouts and Scouters. These notable individuals were in the Girl Scouts of the USA (GSUSA). Also see Gold Award recipients. These notable individuals were in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). Also see the lists of Eagle Scouts, Recipients of the Silver Buffalo Award, Chief Scout Executives, National presidents of the Boy Scouts of America and National commissioners. In 1911, President William Howard Taft accepted the position of honorary president of the BSA, and each U.S. president since has served", "id": "3823169" }, { "contents": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution\n\n\nIrish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston\" (1995), the Court ruled that a group may exclude people from membership if their presence would affect the group's ability to advocate a particular point of view. Likewise, in \"Boy Scouts of America v. Dale\" (2000), the Court ruled that a New Jersey law, which forced the Boy Scouts of America to admit an openly gay member, to be an unconstitutional abridgment of the Boy Scouts' right to free association. Notes Citations", "id": "12968568" }, { "contents": "Scouting and Guiding in the Bahamas\n\n\nIsland Troops were also formed; the 4th Bahamas Troop on Inagua Island and the 5th Bahamas Troop on Exuma Island. In 1913, The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom formed its Bahamas Local Association which became The Boy Scouts Association Bahamas Branch which changed its name to The Scout Association Bahamas Branch. In the 1950s, a troop of Boy Scouts affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America was formed in Freeport. Following The Bahamas becoming an independent nation in 1973, The Scout Association of the Bahamas was constituted on 1 August 1974", "id": "19728015" }, { "contents": "History of the Boy Scouts of America\n\n\nareas with only moderate success. In 1924, the LSA merged into the BSA and was run as the Rural Scouting Division for the next decade. West fiercely defended the use of the term \"Scout\" and the right to market Scouting merchandise. When the American Boy Scouts re-emerged as the United States Boy Scouts (USBS), West sued and won. The USBS renamed to the American Cadets but soon folded. The Salvation Army Life-Saving Scouts folded in the 1930s. By 1930, West claimed to have", "id": "215043" }, { "contents": "Non-aligned Scouting and Scout-like organisations\n\n\ngrew to comprise an estimated 25 percent of all Scouts in the United Kingdom, before rapidly declining from 1912 onward. From 1932 onward it was called the 'Brotherhood of British Scouts', but returned to the name British Boy Scouts in 1983. It was allied to Scouting organisations in the United States, Italy, Hong Kong, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, South America and India in 1911, and formed what is known as the 'Order of World Scouts' (OWS). The British Boy", "id": "5541538" }, { "contents": "Carlisle Trost\n\n\nand Director, Navy Program Planning. In May 1986, Trost was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to succeed Admiral James D. Watkins as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Trost served as CNO from July 1, 1986 to June 29, 1990. He was succeeded by Admiral Frank B. Kelso. Trost is an Olmsted Scholar. He is active in the Boy Scouts of America as an adult, an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Trost was recognized as a distinguished graduate of the United States Naval", "id": "16719163" }, { "contents": "Scouts for Equality\n\n\npolicies. Another major donor, United Parcel Service, terminated their support to BSA in November, 2012 after extensive lobbying by SFE members and supporters. As of November 19, 2012, SFE has begun petitioning Verizon (VZ), who through their foundation gave $315,000 to the Boy Scouts of America in 2010, in violation of their eligibility requirements. On May 21, 2015, BSA President Robert Gates called for an ending of the ban on gay scouting leaders. He stated that the BSA \"cannot ignore the social", "id": "5369575" }, { "contents": "Boy Scout Memorial\n\n\nThe rim of the pool is inscribed: This memorial was authorized by the Congress of the United States and directed in recognition of the fiftieth anniversary of the Boy Scouts of America in grateful tribute to the men and women whose generosity devotion and leadership have brought Scouting to the nation's youth and to honor all members of the Boy Scouts of America who in days of peace and times of peril have their duty to God and their country. The three figures represent various concepts. According to the National Park Service the Boy Scout \"", "id": "19633061" }, { "contents": "Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act\n\n\nto meet to, or discriminate against, any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America, or any other youth group listed in title 36 of the United States Code (as a patriotic society), that wishes to conduct a meeting within that designated open forum or limited public forum, including denying such access or opportunity or discriminating for reasons based on the membership or leadership criteria or oath of allegiance to God and country of the Boy Scouts of America or of the youth group listed in title 36 of the United States", "id": "19770634" }, { "contents": "Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association\n\n\nSaudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association incorporates a palm tree on a backdrop of a traditional Bedouin marquee tent or \"bayt\". In addition, there are American Boy Scouts in Abqaiq, Dhahran, Riyadh, Jeddah, Ras Tanura, Udhailiyah, and Khamis, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world; as well as Boy Scouts of Scouts Canada in Riyadh. In addition there are new Groups (2013) of British Scouts Overseas being formed in Al Khobar, Jeddah and", "id": "10138579" }, { "contents": "The Scout Association of the Bahamas\n\n\nScouting in The Bahamas began in 1912. For the history of Scouting in the Bahamas generally see Scouting in the Bahamas. The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom first registered a Bahamas troop of Boy Scouts on 19 March 1913 and formed its Bahamas Local Association. The Boy Scouts Association Bahamas Local Association became The Boy Scouts Association Bahamas Branch which changed its name to The Scout Association Bahamas Branch. Following The Bahamas becoming an independent nation in 1973, The Scout Association of the Bahamas was constituted on 1 August 1974 and succeeded The", "id": "18927867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Orozco the Embalmer\n\n\nOrozco the Embalmber (Spanish: \"Orozco el embalsamador\") is a 2001 Spanish-language Japanese mondo horror film following a Colombian embalmer named Froilan Orozco. Having personally taken care of 50,000 corpses, Orozco lives in an extremely poor, violent, and crime-infested area, where corpses can be seen on the streets and the homicide rate is among the highest in the world. The film collects footage taken over several years of Orozco's line of work, examining in a very graphic and unflinching cinéma vérité manner as he", "id": "9271659" }, { "contents": "Mario Orozco Rivera\n\n\nthese works were exhibited in Mexico and abroad and can be found in many major collections. His work received recognition in various countries. Orozco Rivera was born in Mexico City to a circus family, in which he performed as a young child. He was a cousin of painter José Clemente Orozco. When asked about his famous last names, he used to state “(José Clemente) Orozco is my dad and (Diego) Rivera is my mom! At age sixteen he went to Cuba but returned after the Batista coup to", "id": "22162236" }, { "contents": "Vicenta Chávez Orozco\n\n\na Servant of God on 13 April 1978 under Pope Paul VI and later named as Venerable under Pope John Paul II on 21 December 1991 who also beatified her on 9 November 1997. Vicenta Chávez Orozco was born in Cotija de la Paz in Mexico in 1867 as the last of four children (all males) to Luis Chávez and Benigna Orozco. One brother was Eligio. Orozco was a pious child who fostered a great devotion to the Infant Jesus and she often made little altars and invited other children to reflect with her.", "id": "10299442" }, { "contents": "Ana María Orozco\n\n\ntelenovela \"Yo soy Betty, la fea\" (1999). Born in Bogotá, Colombia. Orozco is the daughter of actor Luis Fernando Orozco and radio announcer Carmenza Aristizábal. She is also the older sister of actress Verónica Orozco (b. 1979) and Juliana. In April 1999, Orozco married actor Julian Arango, but the marriage lasted only 10 months. Since 2004, she has lived in Bogotá, Colombia. From 2005 to 2012, she was married to Argentine musician Martín Quaglia. Quaglia and Orozco have two daughters", "id": "7626350" }, { "contents": "Olga Orozco\n\n\nOlga Orozco (1920–1999) (real name Olga Noemí Gugliotta) was an Argentine poet. She was a recipient of the FIL Award. She was born in Toay, La Pampa. She spent her childhood in Bahía Blanca until she was 16 years old and she moved to Buenos Aires with her parents where she initiated her career as a writer. She started to work for a newspaper company. There she would take up varies names and publish works with different pseudonym. Orozco directed some literary publications using some pseudonymous names while she", "id": "11435362" }, { "contents": "Antonio Orozco (boxer)\n\n\nAntonio Orozco (born October 30, 1987) is a Mexican professional boxer who fights at light welterweight. Antonio had a very good amateur career, he holds victories over Mexican Olympian, Jessie Vargas and U.S. Olympian, Javier Molina. Antonio Orozco boxed out of The Garden City Boxing Club where he was trained by five trainers who all worked together to get him ahead in his boxing career. His original trainers included Ignacio \"Buck\" Avila, Antonio Orozco Sr.,Manuel Rios, Juan M. Aldana Jr. and Alfred Ritz. On", "id": "11066850" }, { "contents": "Andrés Orozco\n\n\nAndrés Felipe Orozco Vásquez (born March 18, 1979 in Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia) is a Colombian football defender. He last played for Envigado. Orozco began his professional career with Deportes Quindío in 1999, later that year he moved to Deportivo Independiente Medellín. In 2001, he was part of the Colombia squad that won the Copa América. Between 2003 and 2004 Orozco played for Racing Club in the Primera Division Argentina. Orozco joined Dorados from Racing Club mid-2004, and made his debut for the club in the 2004 Apertura", "id": "5910508" }, { "contents": "José Clemente Orozco\n\n\nPalace, and the frescos for the Hospicio Cabañas, which are considered his masterpiece. In 1940 he painted at the Gabino Ortiz Library in Jiquilpan, Michoacán. Between 1942–1944 Orozco painted for the Hospital de Jesús in Mexico City. Orozco's 1948 \"Juárez Reborn\" huge portrait-mural was one of his last works. In 1947, Orozco illustrated the book \"The Pearl\", by John Steinbeck. Orozco died in 1949 in Mexico City. Orozco painted his fresco, The Epic of American Civilization, in the lower level", "id": "19101316" }, { "contents": "Michael Orozco\n\n\nMichael Orozco Fiscal (born February 7, 1986) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Orange County SC in the USL Championship and the United States national team. Orozco's parents are originally from Mexico, and Michael went through the youth program of Mexican Primera A team San Luis. Orozco made his professional debut for San Luis during the Apertura 2006 tournament, when he entered as a second-half substitute against Tigres UANL, but was sent off after just two games Chiapas. Orozco was loaned to Puebla for the", "id": "6937558" }, { "contents": "Katz (surname)\n\n\nKatz is a common German and Ashkenazi surname. Germans with the last name Katz may originate in the Rhine River region of Germany, where the Katz Castle is located. (The name of the castle does not derive from , \"cat\", but from Katzenelnbogen, going back to Latin , consisting of the ancient Germanic tribal names of the Chatti and Melibokus.) Where it is a Jewish surname, \"Katz\" is an abbreviation () formed from the initials of the term (\"priest of justice\"/\"authentic priest\")", "id": "1919752" }, { "contents": "List of Dexter characters\n\n\nOrozco. The police then set up Anton Briggs, a former confidential informant, as bait by making him seem to know where Freebo was. Orozco kidnapped and tortured Briggs, but Debra and Joey Quinn interrupted, saving Briggs's life and forcing Orozco to flee. The man-hunt continued, escalating when Dexter framed Orozco for ADA Miguel Prado's death (in reality by his own hands), but Dexter was ultimately captured and abducted by Orozco, having been told by Prado that only Dexter knew where Freebo was. Orozco", "id": "21004967" }, { "contents": "Rafael Orozco (pianist)\n\n\nRafael Orozco Flores (24 January 194625 April 1996) was a Spanish classical pianist. Orozco is acclaimed as one of the great Spanish concert pianists. Rafael Orozco came from a musical family in Córdoba and studied with José Cubiles, Alexis Weissenberg and Maria Curcio, the last and favourite pupil of Artur Schnabel. His professional career began after he won first prize in the 1966 Leeds International Piano Competition in the UK. His large repertoire included works by Franz Liszt, Franz Schubert, Manuel de Falla, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Isaac Albéniz.", "id": "8234859" }, { "contents": "Pascual Orozco\n\n\nOrozco believed that Madero was very similar to Díaz, whom he had helped to overthrow. Orozco was then offered the governorship of Chihuahua, which he refused, and Madero finally accepted his resignation from the federal government. When Díaz presented his resignation, Orozco was named commander of the federal rural police \"(Los Rurales)\" in Chihuahua. In June 1911, Orozco decided to run for governor of Chihuahua for the Club Independiente Chihuahuense, an organization opposed to Francisco I. Madero. After receiving many admonitions by the revolutionary hierarchy,", "id": "4287790" }, { "contents": "La Voz (Spanish TV series)\n\n\nauditions, where the coaches cannot see, but only hear the audition. The series was originally hosted by Jesús Vázquez, with Tania Llasera as social media correspondent. The original judging panel consisted of David Bisbal, Rosario Flores, Malú and Melendi as the four coaches. In the second season, Antonio Orozco replaced Melendi. In the third season, Alejandro Sanz and Laura Pausini replaced David Bisbal and Rosario Flores. In the fourth season Melendi, absent since the first season, and Manuel Carrasco replaced Antonio Orozco and Laura Pausini", "id": "20279211" }, { "contents": "Andrés Orozco-Estrada\n\n\nOrchester Graz and, from 2005 to 2007, as music director of Oper Klosterneuburg. Outside Austria, in May 2007, Orozco-Estrada first guest-conducted the in San Sebastián, Spain (his father was of Basque descent). The next year he was named the orchestra's principal conductor, a post he took up in 2009 and held until June 2013. Orozco-Estrada guest-conducted the Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2009. In March 2013, he was named the next principal conductor of the hr-Sinfonieorchester", "id": "19956202" }, { "contents": "Andrés Orozco-Estrada\n\n\nAndrés Orozco-Estrada (born December 14, 1977) is a violinist and conductor, a dual-national Colombian-Austrian. Born in Medellín, Orozco-Estrada studied music at the Instituto Musical Diego Echavarría and learned to play violin there before taking conducting classes from age 15. Before his seventeenth birthday, he moved to Bogotá to study at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de la Compañía de Jesús. He immigrated to Vienna, Austria, in 1997, where he has lived ever since and where, that same year, he", "id": "19956200" }, { "contents": "Jesús Reyes Ferreira\n\n\nPalacio de Bellas Artes. In 1972 a gallery in San Angel was named after him, holding an exhibition of his work. In 1977 he was honored at the Universidad de Guadalajara along with Raúl Anguiano, Carlos Orozco Romero and Pedro Medina “El Charro” receiving the José Clemente Orozco medal. His biography by Lily Kassner was published by Editorial RM in 2000. One unique aspect to Reyes Ferreira’s work is that it was painted mostly on fragile crepe paper and sometimes cardboards, materials not made to last. He generally painted", "id": "16624371" }, { "contents": "Jorge López Orozco\n\n\nwere last seen in San Jose, California in August 2002. Maria Garcia was captured in 2006, but Simon Lopez-Orozco remains at large. Prior to Jorge's capture, the FBI believed they were possibly residing in Mexico and Jorge might have used alias \"Raúl Solario\". He was considered armed and extremely dangerous. The FBI offered a $100,000 reward for information leading Lopez-Orozco's capture. On October 8, 2009, Mexican Federal Police arrested Lopez-Orozco in Zihuatanejo, Mexico. As of March 31", "id": "8514556" }, { "contents": "Danilo Orozco\n\n\nDanilo Orozco González (Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 1944- March 26, 2013) was a Cuban musicologist and professor. Danilo Orozco began studying music with Moraima Guash at the Juan Bautista Sagarra School in Santiago de Cuba, where he participated in the choir activities. He also studied classical guitar with professor Guillermo Dufourneau in the same city.” With his degree thesis \"La categoría Son como componente de la identidad nacional de Cuba,\" Danilo Orozco earned himself a Doctorate \"Summa Cum Laude\" in Philosophical and Musicological Sciences from", "id": "14519252" }, { "contents": "Pascual Orozco\n\n\n, in the Ministerio de Guerra (War Ministry), a position that Orozco longed for. Venustiano Carranza would eventually become a President of Mexico. Orozco and Villa first confronted Madero by bursting into a meeting of his shadow cabinet after the first Battle of Juárez. After Díaz's fall, Orozco became resentful at Madero's failure to name him to the cabinet or to a state governorship. Orozco was particularly upset with Madero's failure to implement a series of social reforms that he had promised at the beginning of the revolution.", "id": "4287789" }, { "contents": "San Ildefonso College\n\n\none can see murals done by Orozco on all three floors. In the second floor corridor is a piece by Orozco called \"The Old Order\" which is considered a satirical work and \"The Trench\" which is considered one of his best works. On the third floor corridor is another series of murals by Orozco known as \"New Ideals.\" The staircase connecting the three floors also contains Orozco's mural \"The Origin of Spanish America,\" but the upper portion of the staircase contains works by other artists. The", "id": "15344147" }, { "contents": "Justo Orozco\n\n\nGerardo Justo Orozco Álvarez (born 1950) is a Costa Rican pastor, lawyer, mathematician and politician. Orozco has been member of Congress in two occasions (1998-2002 and 2010-2014) and presidential candidate. Orozco was born in San José, Costa Rica on February 18, 1950. Is marry to Yasmín Mata and has two children. Founder member of the Universidad Cristiana del Sur, a private university in Costa Rica, where he received his Law degree. Orozco is also founder of Costa Rican Renewal Party,", "id": "7942680" }, { "contents": "Juan Orozco\n\n\nand Yairi, who then developed guitars for Tama, Ibanez and Aria (at that time the small workshop where they worked was in the company Hoshino Gakki who own Tama and Ibanez). They also built guitars in the Kohno-Sakurai style (models #8, #10, #15) that were sold with the \"Juan Orozco, Luthier\" label. Later the Orozco guitars were equipped with a very characteristic headstock, different from the Fleta-style headstocks they had first. In the majority of user reviews,", "id": "8758693" }, { "contents": "Gabriel Orozco\n\n\nplace where many artistic and cultural projects took shape. Orozco's nomadic way of life began to inform his work strongly around this time, and he took considerable inspiration from exploring the streets. His early practice was intended to break away from the mainstream work of the 1980s, which was often created in huge studios with many assistants and elaborate techniques of production and distribution. In contrast, Orozco typically worked alone or with one or two other assistants. His work revolves around many repeated themes and techniques that incorporate real life and common", "id": "20612705" }, { "contents": "Prado (surname)\n\n\n: The first one indicates the origin of the last name comes from Spain when the son of a noblewoman took the last name after the \"prado\", Spanish word for field, where he was born. The last name is also said to have an Italian origin, more specifically from the Island of Sicily, where records have been found that indicate the presence of a noble family in the 16th century by the last name Prado. Prado comes from a variation of \"prato\" (the Italian word for field).", "id": "5747563" }, { "contents": "Luis Filcer\n\n\ndeclares himself a “fervent admirer of Van Gogh, Goya and José Clemente Orozco.” He was influenced by the works of Van Gogh which depicted the hard life of miners as well as Goya’s depictions of war. Influence from José Clemente Orozco is evident in some of his works, especially in sarcasm. He stated “I paint all that I experience including my fantasies and demons; I am an Expressionist and I paint what stirs my emotions. His work does not depict idealism, but rather explores themes of justice and", "id": "11378147" }, { "contents": "John Orozco\n\n\nKellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions. He underwent surgery to repair the ligaments, went through rehabilitation and returned to competition. After sustaining an injury to his left knee during the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Superstars in late 2012, Orozco was out of competition for much of 2013. His first competition since the Olympics was the 2013 US Nationals, where he competed in a leg brace and finished in fourth place; he was named as an alternate to the World Championships team, but was added to the team officially after Danell Leyva", "id": "20404016" }, { "contents": "Caleb Orozco\n\n\nusing the legal system to challenge the anti-sodomy laws in Belize. UNIBAM is run out of Orzoco's home. In 2009, Orozco attended an HIV conference in Jamaica where he met two law professors from the University of the West Indies Rights Advocacy Project. The two professors identified Belize as an ideal case for challenging bans on same-sex relationships. In Belize, there was a law that specified a 10-year prison sentence for sodomy. In 2011, Orozco and UNIBAM filed a constitutional case against the law, and challenged", "id": "3855426" }, { "contents": "Juan Orozco\n\n\nJuan Orozco (born 14 April 1937) is a Spanish luthier and guitar impresario who lived in New York from 1965 to 1995, where he had a famous guitar shop at 156, 56th Street in the 1970s to 1990s. He is the third in a family of guitar makers (his father, Juan Orozco, built guitars in Spain, Uruguay and Brazil). He was actively involved in the development of classic guitars in the mid-1970s (starting as early as 1969) together with great Japanese luthiers like Matsuoka, Tamura,", "id": "8758692" }, { "contents": "Oaxaca City\n\n\ninvolved in one of their many wars. Spanish conquest would end this fighting. The first Spanish expedition here arrived late in 1521, headed by Captain Francisco de Orozco, and accompanied by 400 Aztecs. Hernán Cortés sent Francisco de Orozco to Oaxaca because Moctezuma II said that the Aztec's gold came from there. The Spanish expedition under Orozco set about building a Spanish city where the Aztec military post was at the base of the Cerro de Fortín. The first mass was said here by Chaplain Juan Díaz on the bank of the", "id": "18647028" }, { "contents": "Pascual Orozco\n\n\n. He was again forced into exile and was named \"Supreme Military Commander.\" In efforts to overthrow Venustiano Carranza's government, Orozco and Huerta traveled throughout the United States, with the support of fellow exiles Gen. Marcelo Caraveo, Francisco Del Toro, Emilio Campa, and Gen. José Inez Salazar in Texas. Orozco traveled to San Antonio, St. Louis and New York. Eventually Enrique Creel and Huerta were able to strike a deal with the German government for the sale of $895,000.00 in weapons. In New York, Orozco", "id": "4287795" }, { "contents": "Carlos Orozco Romero\n\n\nCarlos Orozco Romero (September 3, 1896 – March 29, 1984) was a Mexican cartoonist and painter who co-founded several cultural institutions in Mexico, including the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado \"La Esmeralda\". His work was recognized with membership in the Academia de Artes and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, and in 1980, with Mexico's Premio Nacional de Arte (National Art Prize). Orozco Romero was born in Guadalajara to a tailor named Jesús Orozco, who was not very literate in", "id": "301913" }, { "contents": "Michael Orozco\n\n\n2013 Clausura. The move was extended the following summer. Orozco scored the first goal of his Puebla career in a 2-1 loss to Cruz Azul. Orozco was called into numerous American U-23 camps in preparation for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He helped the U-23 national team to qualify for the 2008 Olympics with stellar performance on defense; he was included in the Best XI of the 2008 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualification All-Tournament Team. On July 17, 2008, Orozco Fiscal was named to the U.S. team", "id": "6937559" }, { "contents": "Elena Huerta Muzquiz\n\n\nyears of history since the city's founding. The mural covers an area of over 450m2, and is the most extensive done by a woman in Mexico. The work extended from 1973 to 1975. It is one of Coahuila's most important murals and one of the last true to the style of Mexican muralism. This mural was restored in 1999 by two of the artists that worked with her originally. Although her mural painting was done long after, Huerta is considered to be a contemporary of Orozco, Rivera and Siqueiros,", "id": "4078255" }, { "contents": "Daniel Orozco\n\n\nDaniel Orozco is a writer of fiction known primarily for his short stories. His works have appeared in anthologies such as \"The Best American Short Stories\" and \"The Pushcart Prize Anthology\" and magazines such as \"Harper's\" and \"Zoetrope\". He is a former Stegner Fellow and Jones Lecturer of Stanford University and currently teaches creative writing at the University of Idaho. He won a 2011 Whiting Award. Perhaps Orozco's best-known short story is \"Orientation\", which originally appeared in \"The Seattle Review", "id": "9440615" }, { "contents": "Pascual Orozco\n\n\nincluding Pancho Villa. Orozco defeated the Constitutionalist Army at Ciudad Camargo, Mapula, Santa Rosalía, Zacatecas, and Torreón before Huerta was deposed in July 1914. After Huerta's fall Orozco announced his refusal to recognize the government of the new president, Francisco S. Carvajal whom he viewed to be similar to Madero. After briefly leading a revolt financed with his own money where he took in Guanajuato where he won several successive engagements against the Constitutionalists, he was forced to retreat because he lacked sufficient manpower to hold the ground he won", "id": "4287794" }, { "contents": "Mother's Day\n\n\n, theatre plays were filled with religious icons and themes. Consequently, the \"national celebrations\" became \"religious fiestas\" despite the efforts of the government. Soledad Orozco García, the wife of President Manuel Ávila Camacho, promoted the holiday during the 1940s, resulting in an important state-sponsored celebration. The 1942 celebration lasted a full week and included an announcement that all women could reclaim their pawned sewing machines from the Monte de Piedad at no cost. Due to Orozco's promotion, the Catholic National Synarchist Union (UNS", "id": "2396647" }, { "contents": "PCU Dolphins\n\n\nsecond-place trophy from last season's tournament and all individual awards. The senior Dolphins' 2005-06 general championship trophy was retained, however. Chess (2006) Daniel Causo - Gold Medalist Board 1 John Perzeus S. Orozco - Gold Medalist Board 2 Paul Louis Orozco - Gold Medalist Board 4 Rumors have leaked that PCU will not be with the NCAA at the start of the 85th season. Reasons for this are as follows: (note: the ff. reasons are still rumors) There were talks of a possible", "id": "32281" }, { "contents": "Antonio Orozco\n\n\n-class family. During a trip at the age of 15 to Triana, Sevilla, Orozco was exposed to the music that would change his life forever. His family, originally Sevillian, had roots in the region and its music: flamenco. His family soon relocated to Osuma, in Sevilla, a town known for its vibrant music community. Orozco took up flamenco guitar and began accompanying vocalists as a hobby. In time, his talent for songwriting bubbled to the surface, and he began performing professionally. Playing in bars", "id": "13164814" }, { "contents": "Caleb Orozco\n\n\nsection 53 of the criminal code in Belize. The Catholic Church in Belize came out against the filing, which Orozco defended, saying, \"The case is personal and it's about reminding the system that my human rights isn't about picking and choosing which you'll support and which you will ignore. My human rights is total. It's not to be mandated by the church because the church does not govern this country. Period.\" Not long after the filing, the church made a successful pretrial motion to remove", "id": "3855427" }, { "contents": "José Clemente Orozco\n\n\n\", \"Man Falling\", and \"Christ Destroying His Cross\". An interesting element of the destroyed mural \"Christ Destroying His Cross\", of which Orozco only kept Christ's head, is that he reverted to the use of Christian iconography: Christ is destroying his cross in agony over its misuse as a symbol. \"The Trench\" is described as a \"confirmation of what an extraordinary and powerful painter Orozco would turn out to be\" and is compared to the mural \"The Farewell\", \"where", "id": "19101320" }, { "contents": "Daniel Orozco Álvarez\n\n\n-team – and La Liga – debut, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–1 away loss against Valencia CF and, even though the team was threatened with relegation until the last day of the season, he was still able to appear in a further three (complete) league matches. Orozco moved to Asteras Tripoli F.C. from Greece in the summer of 2010, partnering compatriot Rubén Pulido in central defence. He scored his first goal for his new club on 20 November 2010, in a 1–1 draw against Olympiakos Volos FC", "id": "11874363" }, { "contents": "Colonia Díaz\n\n\nMormon colonies much, except for occasional stealing of pasture fences, horses and cattle used mostly for beef. Madero was actually known to produce receipts for the confiscated goods taken from the colonists, in case the Revolution triumphed. There were no reports of plundering by the Federal Government. Strain in Chihuahua increased after the fallout of Pascual Orozco from Madero's ranks. Orozco's rebellion was funded mostly from confiscated livestock, which he sold in Texas, and where he bought weapons and ammunition. Once it was known that the Mormon settlers", "id": "2443201" }, { "contents": "Mario Martín Orozco\n\n\nMario Martín Orozco Sánchez (born March 25, 1993) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a Defender for Zacatepec on loan from C.D. Guadalajara. Orozco spent his whole youth career at C.D. Guadalajara's youth academy. In July 2015, it was announced Orozco was sent out on loan to Ascenso MX club Coras de Tepic in order to gain professional playing experience. He made his professional debut on 24 July 2015 against Murciélagos. On June 10, 2017 Orozco was announced as one of the many who were loaned out from Chivas", "id": "2459467" }, { "contents": "Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)\n\n\nDushinsky is one of the few Hasidic dynasties not named after the place where it originated; instead, it is named after the surname of the Rebbe. It is a relatively new dynasty, as are many of the dynasties originating in Hungary. However, the Dushinsky dynasty truly became a dynasty in Jerusalem, where it is centered today. It is not like other Hasidic groups in that it does not originate from a Hasidic background, but from the \"talmidim\" (students) of the Chasam Sofer. The founder of the", "id": "15986263" }, { "contents": "Esteban Obiang\n\n\nEsteban Orozco Fernández (born Esteban Obiang Obono on 7 May 1998), commonly known as Esteban Obiang or simply Esteban, is a Spanish-born Equatorial Guinean footballer who plays as a defender for CD Utrera and the Equatorial Guinea national team. He is registered in the Spanish football competitions with the surnames Orozco Fernández, from his Spanish adoptive parents, instead of his original ones, Obiang Obono. Esteban was born in Zaragoza. His biological mother died from complications during his birth. Then, his grandmother and his aunt took care", "id": "14180450" }, { "contents": "Verónica Orozco\n\n\nTV musical show \"Okidoki\", which led her to release three albums under the group name Okidoki in the early 1990s. In 2006 Orozco started her solo career, releasing the successful album \"Verónica Orozco\". Her first single was \"Las bragas\", which had a lot of controversy around the lyrics suggesting lesbianism. Her second single was \"Miénteme\". It won an award for \"Video del Año\" (Video of the Year) at Los Premios Shock (\"Shock\" Awards). Her third single", "id": "18869336" }, { "contents": "Ziortza-Bolibar\n\n\nuntil a community movement managed to merge both neighbourhoods into an independent municipality. The last name Bolívar has its origins in this locality; Simón Bolívar de la Rementería, a colonist born in this neighbourhood, took it from Europe to the America, where his famous descendant Simón Bolívar, one of the Libertadores of America, made it famous around the world. There are a couple of statues and a museum in his honour; there was a family house in Rementería, behind the local church, but it does not exist anymore.", "id": "4673667" }, { "contents": "House of Mendoza\n\n\nthe king. The first Mendoza to occupy a high position in Castile was Gonzálo Yáñez de Mendoza. During the Reconquista, he fought in the Battle of Río Salado in 1340 and the Siege of Algeciras (1342-1344) against the Muslim kingdoms of Spain. He served as chief huntsman to King Alfonso XI and settled in Guadalajara, which he ruled after marrying the sister of Íñigo López de Orozco. Orozco, another person originally from Álava, had received the post of mayor as a reward for his military services to the", "id": "21976715" }, { "contents": "Thomasian Martyrs\n\n\nUST, was executed after being caught by milicianos �in a train station. Eleven gunshot �wounds were found on the body �of Fr. Mariñas. Born on September 5, 1880 in the old city of Manila, Eugenio Saz-Orozco took the name Jose Maria when he entered the Order of the Friars Minor Capuchin (OFMCap.) in Spain. His father was the last mayor of Manila during the last years of the Spanish government that ended in 1898. He finished his secondary schooling in 1895 at the University", "id": "7549503" }, { "contents": "Jorge González Camarena\n\n\nfrom the three main names associated with it (Rivera, Orozco and Siqueiros). His pre-1949 work was different from that of others in the Mexican muralism movement as they did not deal with topics related to the Mexican Revolution the rescue of Mexico's past or the struggle for social equality. Although Diego Rivera called him “the most Mexican of all,” José Clemente Orozco did not like his preference for archeology and Mexico's past, feeling that Gonzalez Camarena squandered his talent by not expressing what he felt. However, González", "id": "11577296" }, { "contents": "John Orozco\n\n\nthe High Bar final where he made a costly error, finishing in 8th place. After the world championships, it was announced that John Orozco had decided to turn 'pro', forfeiting future NCAA eligibility. In the first big meet of American men's gymnastics, John Orozco took part in the Winter Cup in Las Vegas. In previous years, he had been unable to perform to the best of his ability due to illness or injury at this competition. He ended up finishing the competition in first place, more than", "id": "20404013" }, { "contents": "Alma Reed\n\n\n. By 1928, she settled in New York City and dubbed her apartment \"the Ashram\" to honor the Hindu hermitage where sages lived in peace among nature and to pay homage to Mahatma Gandhi's pacifism. Reed was a lifelong supporter and patron of José Clemente Orozco. Early after establishing the studio, Reed was introduced to Orozco by Anita Brenner. Orozco had been living in Manhattan and doing poorly in making a living. She immediately fell in love with his work and gave him a one-man show in September 1928", "id": "3021478" }, { "contents": "Pascual Orozco\n\n\nreport stated that Orozco and his men had crossed by Dick Love's ranch and had coerced the cook to prepare him a meal and attend his horses, while Orozco and his men got ready to steal Love's cattle. When the owner arrived, they fled on the rancher's horses. The facts of this are often disputed because in other accounts it is believed that the horses belonged to Orozco and Love set up Orozco to seek revenge for an earlier dispute. Love used his accusations to persuade 26 members from the 13th Cavalry", "id": "4287797" }, { "contents": "Germán Orozco\n\n\nGermán Mariano Orozco (born 16 January 1976) is an Argentine field hockey defender, who made his debut for the Argentina men's national field hockey team in 1994. He competed for his native country in the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics. He studied kinesiology at the University of Salvador in Buenos Aires. Aged six, he started to play hockey at the Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Club. Orozco played club hockey, as of 2005, in Germany, at a club in Hamburg, named UHC Hamburg. In", "id": "3994296" }, { "contents": "Emilio Orozco\n\n\nEmilio Orozco Plascencia (born April 29, 1992) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Oxnard Guerreros FC in the National Premier Soccer League. After graduating from High School, Orozco joined Mexican Primera División side Tigres de la UANL. On March 19, 2012, Orozco joined NASL side Fort Lauderdale Strikers on a season-long loan. On April 21, Orozco made his debut for the club, coming on as a 71st minute sub in a 2–2 draw on the road against San Antonio Scorpions FC. On February", "id": "16706381" }, { "contents": "Pascual Orozco\n\n\nhe was compelled to resign his candidacy on 15 July 1911. Subsequently, he refused a request to command the troops fighting Emiliano Zapata in the south. On 3 March 1912, he announced his intention to revolt against the government of President Madero. Orozco financed his rebellion with his own assets and with confiscated livestock, which he sold in the neighboring U.S. state of Texas, and where he bought weapons and ammunition even after an embargo proclaimed by U.S. president William Taft in March 1912. On 3 March 1912 Orozco decreed a formal", "id": "4287791" }, { "contents": "Last 2 Walk\n\n\nLast 2 Walk is the ninth and final studio album by American hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. The album was released on June 24, 2008. The album was named \"Last 2 Walk\" because DJ Paul and Juicy J were the last two members remaining in Three 6 Mafia. Crunchy Black left the group in late 2006 because of money disputes. Three 6 Mafia originally started with six core members. Doe Boy Fresh featuring Chamillionaire was originally the first single, but was ultimately cut from the album. The song was", "id": "17193303" }, { "contents": "Aurora Estrada Orozco\n\n\nwas active with her local Parent-Teacher Association. Orozco worked at Lieberman's Department Store and became an active community leader. She organized a League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) in Cuero in the 1970s and served as its secretary. She was secretary of Familias Unidas of Cuero from 1975 to 1977. She was the chief representative for the Raza Unida Party in Cuero from 1974 to 1978. Orozco also wrote in Spanish. Her works included an autobiography, poetry and short stories. Orozco died on February 9,", "id": "13027380" }, { "contents": "Gabriel Orozco\n\n\nan immigrant, was shocking. That feeling of vulnerability was really important for developing my work. I think a lot of my work has to do with that kind of exposure, to expose vulnerability and make that your strength.\" In 1987, Orozco returned from his studies in Madrid to Mexico City, where he hosted weekly meetings with a group of other artists including Damián Ortega, Gabriel Kuri, Abraham Cruzvillegas and Dr. Lakra. This group met once a week for five years and over time the artist's home became a", "id": "20612704" }, { "contents": "Verónica Orozco\n\n\nVerónica Orozco (born Verónica Orozco Aristizábal on June 8, 1979) is a Colombian actress and singer. Orozco is the daughter of actor Luís Fernando Orozco and Carmenza Aristizábal Hoyos. She has two sisters, actress Ana María and Juliana. In January 2007, she married Colombian comedian Martín de Francisco in Villa de Leyva but the couple separated in April 2010 and divorced later the same year. The following year Orozco met psychologist Juan Sebastian Restrepo, and their daughter Violeta was born in 2012. Orozco was a part of the Colombian", "id": "18869335" }, { "contents": "Paul Babeu\n\n\ndistrict in 2010. The following February, undocumented immigrant Jose Orozco claimed that Babeu and Orozco had been lovers since meeting in 2006 on an online dating site. Orozco claimed that Babeu had known that he was an undocumented immigrant while they were lovers, at odds with Babeu's views on immigration policy. After the relationship ended, Orozco claims that Babeu threatened Orozco with deportation to guarantee his silence. Orozco claimed his statements are documented in copies of email and SMS correspondence between Orozco and Babeu. A spokesman for Babeu denied the allegations", "id": "8118715" }, { "contents": "Jorge López Orozco\n\n\nLopez-Orozco is an undocumented immigrant from Mexico who earned income by distributing methamphetamines and helping his family with their farming business in Mountain Home, Idaho. His criminal record contained only an arrest during a traffic stop by Elmore County police on failure to possess a valid driver's license. Rebecca Ramirez, Lopez-Orozco's former girlfriend had separated from him and lived in her father's home in Nyssa, Oregon. Lopez-Orozco persuaded Ramirez to meet with him, and he picked her up along with her sons. In", "id": "8514552" }, { "contents": "Esther Orozco\n\n\nMaría Esther Orozco Orozco (born 25 April 1945) is a Mexican biologist, researcher and politician. She has received the UNESCO/Institut Pasteur Medal (1997), the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science (2006) served as rector of the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UACM) and has run for governor of Chihuahua representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). Orozco received a bachelor's degree in Chemistry from the Autonomous University of Chihuahua and both a master's degree and a doctorate's degree", "id": "10153056" }, { "contents": "John Orozco\n\n\nin all-around. In October, he is scheduled to participate in the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Nanjing, China, as a member of the U.S. national team. Orozco re-tore an Achilles tendon in June 2015 and expected to be recovering until 2016. He was featured in the Gym Class Heroes music video for \"The Fighter\" that featured the vocals of Ryan Tedder. The music video opens with Orozco saying: \"I'm John Orozco, I'm an Olympic gymnast, I'm from Bronx, NY", "id": "20404018" }, { "contents": "Oaxaca City\n\n\n, a Hispanization of the Nahuatl name (which would later be respelled as Oaxaca). The establishment of the relatively independent village did not suit Hernán Cortes, who wanted power over the entire region for himself. Cortés sent Pedro de Alvarado, who proceeded to drive out most of the village's population. The original Spanish settlers appealed to the Spanish crown to recognize the village they founded, which it did in 1526, with land divided among the Spaniards of Orozco's expedition. However, this did not stop Cortés from driving", "id": "18647030" }, { "contents": "Danell Leyva\n\n\nTrials in San Jose, where he came first with his combined scores from Visa Championships and the two days of Trials. This secured him an automatic berth onto the U.S. Olympic Team with Orozco, who finished in second place overall. The next day, it was announced that Leyva and Orozco would be joined in London by Jonathan Horton, Sam Mikulak and Jake Dalton, with their 2011 Worlds teammates Alex Naddour, Steven Legendre and Chris Brooks as alternates. Leyva earned the bronze medal in the individual all-around at the Olympics", "id": "20147527" }, { "contents": "Guillermo Hincapié Orozco\n\n\nGuillermo Hincapié Orozco (c. 1926 – December 26, 2018) was a Colombian civil engineer and politician. He served as the Mayor of Medellín from July 15, 1977, until 1978. Hincapié was raised in the town of Támesis, Antioquia, where he attended elementary school. He studied engineering at the National University of Civil Engineering in Medellín. He had to compete with 80 other applicants to gain acceptances into the university. Hincapié recalled financial issues during his time at the university, but did not miss a single exam during", "id": "21510533" }, { "contents": "Jean Charlot\n\n\nwhere Charlot was teaching. At the same time, mid-January 1931, a few blocks away, José Clemente Orozco was painting murals for The New School at 66 West 12th Street. Charlot and Orozco had maintained frequent correspondence in previous years. Both commented on each other's murals in Hawaii in 1952. In 1940, Charlot applied for and was accorded American citizenship. A dual citizen of the United States and France, he retained passports from both countries. Jean Charlot is generally recognized as having brought international attention to José", "id": "4261900" }, { "contents": "Pancho Villa\n\n\nformer comrade Orozco. Although Orozco appealed with him to join his rebellion, Villa again gave Madero key military victories. With 400 cavalrymen, he captured Parral from the Orozquistas and then joined forces in the strategic city of Torreón with the Federal Army under the command of General Victoriano Huerta. Huerta initially welcomed the successful Villa, and sought to bring him under his control by naming Villa an honorary brigadier general in the Federal Army, but Villa was not so easily flattered or controlled. Huerta then sought to discredit and eliminate Villa by", "id": "15056589" }, { "contents": "History of San Antonio\n\n\nwhat would later be called Texas. He saw and described the river later to be named the San Antonio. He eventually rejoined Spanish colleagues in Mexico City. Several expeditions to the region of Texas, an area of great strategic importance to the Spanish crown, were organized from the Convent of Querétaro. With that goal in 1675, an expedition formed by Fray Antonio de Olivares, Fray Francisco Hidalgo, Fray Juan Larios and Fernando Orozco Josué Hernández y hay hete suéter is Natalia Orozco, were sent to explore and recognize the country", "id": "3069788" }, { "contents": "How Does a Moment Last Forever\n\n\n's native Canadian province of Quebec, number nine on the US \"Billboard\"s Kid Digital Song Sales, number 94 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart (number 80 in Scotland) and number 124 on the French Digital Singles Chart (number 125 on the Overall Sales Chart). \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" also proved to be successful in South Korea, where it reached number six. On November 17, 2017, \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" won a Hollywood Music in Media Award in category Original Song", "id": "14812424" }, { "contents": "José-Luis Orozco\n\n\ncareer, Orozco included bilingual songs in his repertoire, even though many of the children in his audiences did not speak Spanish. In 1971, Orozco released the first of 13 volumes for children, \"Lirica Infantil: Latin American Children's Music\", on the Bilingual Media Productions label. The album featured classic songs from Mexican, Central, and South American culture, including \"Guantanamera\" and \"Los Pollitos\". During the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Orozco kept up a busy touring schedule, often giving his", "id": "12042653" }, { "contents": "José Clemente Orozco\n\n\ndistinction he had from Rivera was his darker view of the Mexican Revolution. While Rivera was a bold, optimistic figure, touting the glory of the revolution, Orozco was less comfortable with the bloody toll the social movement was taking. Orozco is known as one of the \"Big Three\" muralists along with Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros. All three artists, as well as the painter Rufino Tamayo, experimented with fresco on large walls, and elevated the art of the mural. Between 1922–1924, Orozco painted the murals:", "id": "19101311" }, { "contents": "Rafael Orozco, el ídolo\n\n\nRafael Orozco, el ídolo is a Colombian biographical telenovela produced by Asier Aguilar Amuchastegui for Caracol Televisión. Based on the life of the Colombian singer of vallenato Rafael Orozco Maestre. It stars Alejandro Palacio as the titular character. The series follows the life of Rafael Orozco Maestre in his romantic moments and why he was killed. \"Rafa\", as they called it in confidence, was destined to be of those people who never forget. From a very young age he had a special talent for vallenata music, but also possessed", "id": "7604673" }, { "contents": "Gabriel Orozco\n\n\nGabriel Orozco (born April 20, 1962) is a Mexican artist. He gained his reputation in the early 1990s with his exploration of drawing, photography, sculpture and installation. In 1998, Francesco Bonami called Orozco \"one of the most influential artists of this decade, and probably the next one too.\" Orozco was born in 1962 in Veracruz, Mexico to Cristina Félix Romandía and Mario Orozco Rivera, a mural painter and art professor at the University of Veracruz. When Orozco was six, the family relocated to the", "id": "20612701" }, { "contents": "Hurley (surname)\n\n\noriginal Dalcassian homeland, and in Cork. An interesting example of the pseudo-translation of surnames is found in Clare, where some whose name was originally Hurley have now adopted the surname \"Commane\", since the Irish for the hurley-stick used in the sport of hurling is \"camán\" while the name \"Commane\" does not originate from that source. The exact meaning of the name Hurley is uncertain, due to it being a conglomerate of various Irish names. The \"O'Muirthile\" root in particular seems to", "id": "14332096" }, { "contents": "Sergio Orozco\n\n\nmoved to Europe where he traveled extensively and studied painting, sculpture and design. In 1980, he came to New York where he attended Parsons The New School for Design. In 1989, the successful Sergio Orozco Design Inc studio was established, attracting many national and international clients with a variety of products manufactured around the world. In \"The New York Times\" Sergio is quoted, \"The secret of furniture design is to create something great that begins with the human being in mind and the desire to please the eyes and", "id": "11449101" }, { "contents": "Fanny Rabel\n\n\nthis group, learning alongside Guillermo Monroy, Arturo García Bustos and Arturo Estrada. Other teachers included Francisco Zúñiga, Alfredo Zalce, Raúl Anguiano, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Carlos Orozco Romero and Diego Rivera. She changed her last name from Rabinovich to Rabel during her career. Rabel married urologist Jaime Woolrich and had two children Abel and Paloma Woolrich, both of whom became actors. She lived for decades in an apartment on Martinez de Castro Street in the San Miguel Chapultepec neighborhood in Mexico City. Near the end of her life she", "id": "12298748" }, { "contents": "Middle name\n\n\n, the term middle name refers to names that are originally surnames, but not part of the last name of the name bearer. The term middle name does not refer to additional given names, which are instead referred to as given names. A middle name could be e.g. one's mother's maiden name or the last name of another recent ancestor (for instance a grandparent). One can have several middle names, but it is unusual to have more than one or two. In law, middle names have a separate", "id": "6953717" }, { "contents": "José-Luis Orozco\n\n\nby two generations of teachers. Orozco is a presenter at educational conferences and seminars for teachers, parents, librarians and childcare providers who seek to use music as an important learning tool in multicultural classrooms. José-Luis Orozco was born in Mexico City. He is the second of eleven children born to Fernando Orozco and Susana Ramos. His father played the violin and his mother loved to sing. He grew fond of music at a young age, learning many songs from his paternal grandmother. At age 8, José-Luis", "id": "12042650" }, { "contents": "Aurora Estrada Orozco\n\n\nAurora Estrada Orozco (May 8, 1918 – February 9, 2011) was a Mexican American community leader and writer. Aurora Estrada Orozco was born on May 8, 1918 in Cerralvo, Nuevo León, Mexico. Her family immigrated to the United States when she was young. She attended schools in Mercedes, Texas and graduated from Mercedes High School in 1937. She attended business classes at the University of Texas at Austin before marrying Primitivo Orozco Vega in 1950. They moved to Cuero, Texas. She had six children and", "id": "13027379" }, { "contents": "José Clemente Orozco\n\n\n, and had three children. At the age of 21, Orozco lost his left hand while working with gunpowder to make fireworks. The satirical illustrator José Guadalupe Posada, whose engravings about Mexican culture and politics challenged Mexicans to think differently about post-revolutionary Mexico, worked in full view of the public in shop windows located on the way Orozco went to school. In his autobiography, Orozco confesses, \"I would stop [on my way to and from school] and spend a few enchanted minutes in watching [Posada]", "id": "19101308" }, { "contents": "Gabriel Orozco\n\n\nwhat people see in the gallery or the museum, but what people see after looking at these things, how they confront reality again.\"- Gabriel Orozco from an interview with Benjamin H. D. Buchloh Gabriel Orozco married Maria Gutierrez on August 2, 1994, at City Hall in New York. They have one son, Simόn, born in November 2004. Orozco lives and works in New York, Mexico and France. Important solo exhibitions have included his mid-career retrospective which began in December 2009 at the Museum of Modern Art", "id": "20612707" }, { "contents": "Carlos Orozco Romero\n\n\nMexico City with the Secretaría de Educación Pública, Orozco Romero co founded the La Esmeralda art school in 1946. He continued to teach there and at the Movimiento de Taller Libre, which he founded, for over twenty years, with students such as Rafael Coronel, Pedro Coronel, Gilberto Aceves Navarro and Mario Orozco Rivera . From 1962 to 1964, he was the director of the Museo de Arte Moderno. Orozco Romero's work was recognized with membership in the Academia de Artes and Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. He also received", "id": "301923" }, { "contents": "Luca Orozco\n\n\nLuca Ezequiel Orozco (born 15 April 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Olimpo. Orozco began with Olimpo. He started featuring in the first-team squad set-up from the 2014 Primera División campaign, but didn't make a competitive appearance in any of the next two seasons; though was an unused substitute six times in all competitions. On 7 July 2016, Orozco was loaned to Guillermo Brown of Primera B Nacional. Despite remaining for the entirety of 2016–17, he wasn't selected", "id": "4746020" }, { "contents": "Vicenta Chávez Orozco\n\n\nIn 1866 she accompanied her parents and brothers to Guadalajara to a new home where there were poor people and laborers. Orozco was hospitalized with pneumonia on 20 February 1892 at the hospital of Santisima Trinidad. She recovered from her pneumonia on 10 July 1892 and later returned to the hospital she spent time in to dedicate herself to other ill people as per her decision. She made her private vows on 25 December 1895 (Christmas) - alongside Catalina Velasco and Juana Martín del Campo - and then made her full canonical profession as a", "id": "10299443" }, { "contents": "La Voz (Spanish TV series)\n\n\n2019. Pablo López was the only coach from the previous season to continue, while Antonio Orozco returned after two seasons of absence and Luis Fonsi and Paulina Rubio both debuted in the Spanish series. After the ratings success of the first season of \"La Voz\", Telecinco announced that they would produce \"La Voz Kids\", where 8-14 year olds compete against each other. Filming began on 31 July 2013. The presenters are the same as in the original version and the coaches are three instead of four:", "id": "20279222" }, { "contents": "Andrés Orozco-Estrada\n\n\nbegan advanced conducting studies at the Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst. His teachers included Uroš Lajovic, successor to Hans Swarowsky. In June 2004, he first conducted the Tonkünstler Orchestra at a Vienna Festwochen concert, as a last-minute substitute. This led to his appointment as assistant conductor of the orchestra, a post he held for two years. Orozco-Estrada became principal conductor of the Tonkünstler Orchestra in 2009, a post he held until 2015. Earlier he served as principal conductor of the ensemble “recreation” Großes", "id": "19956201" }, { "contents": "José Reyes Meza\n\n\nled to an award for best set design in 1957. Shortly after arriving to Mexico City, he married María Luisa Algarra, a writer and lawyer who arrived to Mexico fleeing the Spanish Civil War. The artist met her at the opening of her first play in Mexico. This union produced two daughters María and Fernanda. The marriage lasted twelve years, until María Luisa’s death at the age of forty two. He then married Gabriela Orozco Marín, the daughter of painters Carlos Orozco Romero and María Marín. This union produced", "id": "4276198" }, { "contents": "Battle of Ciudad Juárez (1911)\n\n\nwas still ongoing, they also clashed with him afterwards over payments to their soldiers and over the appointment of Venustiano Carranza as Madero's defence minister. Carranza was a civilian who had joined the revolution at the last minute, and for these reasons was despised by Orozco. However, the immediate cause for the outbreak of the conflict among the rebels was the fate of federal Gen. Juan N. Navarro who had defended Ciudad Juárez. Both Villa and Orozco wanted him executed for his earlier killing of rebel prisoners taken by his forces. Madero", "id": "7470459" }, { "contents": "José María of Manila\n\n\nBlessed José María de Manila (born Eugenio del Saz-Orozco Mortera, 5 September 1880 – 17 August 1936) is a Spanish-Filipino Roman Catholic blessed, and was priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church. José María was born in Manila, Philippines on 5 September 1880 to Spanish parents Don Eugenio del Saz-Orozco de la Oz, the last Spanish Mayor", "id": "7566119" }, { "contents": "Rafael Orozco Maestre\n\n\nan angry drug lord whose wife-or girlfriend-was obsessed with Orozco. It has been alleged that Orozco had a sentimental relationship with 16 year old Maria Angelica Navarro Ogliasti, identified as the girlfriend of Medellin Cartel hitman Jose Reinaldo Fiallo, who was himself murdered on November 1992 on orders of Pablo Escobar. From 1977 to 1991 the Binomio de Oro recorded 20 albums not counting special contributions to other artist on different compilations, interrupted with the death of lead singer Rafael Orozco. In 2014, Caracol TV, the largest Colombian", "id": "11179221" }, { "contents": "First Battle of Rellano\n\n\nMadero's appointment of Venustiano Carranza, rather than himself, as defense minister. Furthermore, over the course of 1911 Orozco began courting the support of the powerful Chihuahuan Terrazas family who were sworn enemies of Pancho Villa. This led to a break between Villa and Orozco. The final straw came when Madero appointed Abraham González, Villa's mentor, as governor of Chihuahua. In March 1912 Orozco decreed a formal revolt against Madero's government. General José González Salas was sent from Mexico City in an expedition against Orozco on March 8", "id": "9295716" }, { "contents": "Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States\n\n\nResearch shows that many Latinos in the United States do not identify as \"American\" but instead with their or their parents' or grandparents' country of origin. One of the reasons for this occurrence is the misbelief that in order to be an American, one needs to be white. Latinos who have experienced racial discrimination are more likely to identify as Latino or Latino American than simply American because they feel they are not treated as \"real\" Americans. A study by Suárez-Orozco and Suárez-Orozco (2001)", "id": "15524657" }, { "contents": "My Last Name\n\n\ndescribes the origins and the experiences of his last name, such as when he beat up a bully who made fun of his name and when his grandpa \"took it off to Europe to fight the Germans in the war\". In the final verse, the narrator then says that he wants to marry his lover — to give her his last name because he does not have much. The music video was directed by Peter Zavadil, who directed his previous video for \"What Was I Thinkin'\". At the beginning", "id": "8525988" }, { "contents": "Gustavo Arias Murueta\n\n\nGustavo Arias Murueta (May 26, 1923 – April 15, 2019) was a Mexican painter, sculptor and poet, a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana best known for his work in drawing, graphic arts and oil painting. He originally studied architecture at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México where he met artists such as Rufino Tamayo, David Alfaro Siqueiros and José Clemente Orozco. In the 1950s, he began to produce artworks, with his first exhibition in 1961. From then until his death he had a career", "id": "10730857" }, { "contents": "Edward Biberman\n\n\nby three years in Paris, led to his decision to become a full-time artist. He lived in New York City from 1929 to 1936, where he came into contact with the Mexican muralists Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros and José Clemente Orozco; thanks to their influence, Biberman became a champion of public murals. In 1930, he was named one of the \"46 Under 35\" younger artists featured in a Museum of Modern Art exhibition. In 1931, he lived for the summer in a Navajo settlement at", "id": "17047126" }, { "contents": "Uncle Tom Cobley\n\n\nCobley does not appear in the original. Tom Cobleigh is the name of a chain of pubs/restaurants presently operated by the Spirit Group in the UK. Tom Cobleigh, his mare and the song are also loosely but obviously referenced in the last few lines of folk duo Show of Hands's own song \"Widecombe Fair\", which differs dramatically from the original. In this version the narrator of the song hints at a more sinister reason for the loan of the horse, he needs it to travel with the others named", "id": "11798911" }, { "contents": "Wendy the Good Little Witch\n\n\n, \"The New Casper Cartoon Show\", and was voiced by Norma MacMillan (who also voiced Casper). Christina Ricci's character of Kat in Universal's \"Casper\" movie was originally named Wendy in the script, but to avoid having to purchase the rights to the Wendy character, the name was changed at the last minute. The film does, however, show several hints that the character was originally Wendy, such as the red hoodie Kat wears in the film during one scene that resembles Wendy's robe from", "id": "16798063" } ]

[ { "contents": "New York City\n\n\nis an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city. The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with", "id": "5106994" }, { "contents": "Geography of New York City\n\n\nflows from the Hudson Valley into New York Bay, becoming a tidal estuary that separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Northern New Jersey. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx. The boroughs of New York City straddle the border between two geologic provinces of eastern North America. Brooklyn and Queens, located on Long Island, are part of the eastern coastal plain. Long Island is a massive moraine which formed at the southern fringe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last", "id": "8469377" }, { "contents": "Randalls and Wards Islands\n\n\nRandalls Island and Wards Island are conjoined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, separated from most of Manhattan by the Harlem River, from Queens by the East River and Hell Gate, and from the Bronx by the Bronx Kill. The two islands were formerly separated, with Randalls Island to the north of Wards Island. The channel between them, Little Hell Gate, was infilled by the early 1960s. A third, smaller island, Sunken Meadow Island, was located east", "id": "2584963" }, { "contents": "East River\n\n\nThe East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City. The waterway, which is actually not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland, and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn, which are also on Long Island. Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, it was once also known as the \"Sound River\".", "id": "9556173" }, { "contents": "Bronx Kill\n\n\nThe Bronx Kill is a narrow strait in New York City delineating the southernmost extent of the Bronx and separating it from Randalls Island in Manhattan. It connects the Harlem River to the East River. Originally, the Bronx Kill was a sizeable waterway, approximately in width. As of 1917, there were also plans by the War Department to dredge a deep channel, in width, to improve navigation and reduce tidal currents. For this reason, in the early 20th century the New York Connecting Railroad built a movable bridge across the", "id": "12580342" }, { "contents": "Long Island\n\n\nSound, across which lie Westchester County, New York, and the state of Connecticut. Across the Block Island Sound to the northeast is the state of Rhode Island. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from Staten Island and the state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, and Lower New York Bay. To the east lie Block Island—which belongs to the State of Rhode Island", "id": "18665926" }, { "contents": "Spuyten Duyvil Creek\n\n\nSpuyten Duyvil Creek is a short tidal estuary in New York City connecting the Hudson River to the Harlem River Ship Canal and then on to the Harlem River. The confluence of the three water bodies separate the island of Manhattan from the Bronx and the rest of the mainland. Once a distinct, turbulent waterway between the Hudson and Harlem rivers, the creek has been subsumed by the modern ship canal. The Bronx neighborhood of Spuyten Duyvil lies to the north of the creek, and the adjacent Manhattan neighborhood of Marble Hill lies to", "id": "10649472" }, { "contents": "Harlem\n\n\nHarlem River separates the Bronx and Manhattan, necessitating several spans between the two New York City boroughs. Five free bridges connect Harlem and the Bronx: the Willis Avenue Bridge (for northbound traffic only), Third Avenue Bridge (for southbound traffic only), Madison Avenue Bridge, 145th Street Bridge, and Macombs Dam Bridge. In East Harlem, the Wards Island Bridge, also known as the 103rd Street Footbridge, connects Manhattan with Wards Island. The Triborough Bridge is a complex of three separate bridges that offers connections between Queens", "id": "10213910" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\nto the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River. Manhattan Island is divided into three informally bounded components, each aligned with the borough's long axis: Lower, Midtown, and Upper Manhattan. Manhattan has been described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of", "id": "1713462" }, { "contents": "New York City\n\n\nand dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications; the Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings. The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn. New York", "id": "5107081" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\nextension into the river, running six blocks or , covering , providing a riverfront esplanade and over of parks; Hudson River Park was subsequently opened in stages beginning in 1998. One neighborhood of New York County, Marble Hill, is contiguous with the U.S. mainland. Marble Hill at one time was part of Manhattan Island, but the Harlem River Ship Canal, dug in 1895 to improve navigation on the Harlem River, separated it from the remainder of Manhattan as an island between the Bronx and the remainder of Manhattan. Before World", "id": "1713501" }, { "contents": "Willis Avenue Bridge\n\n\nThe Willis Avenue Bridge is a swing bridge that carries road traffic northbound (and bicycles and pedestrians both ways) over the Harlem River between the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, United States. It connects First Avenue in Manhattan with Willis Avenue in the Bronx. The New York City Department of Transportation is responsible for maintaining and operating the bridge. The bridge is part of the course for the annual New York City Marathon. The runners, after crossing over from Manhattan to The Bronx via the bridge - which", "id": "9624649" }, { "contents": "East Bronx\n\n\nThe East Bronx is that part of the New York City borough of the Bronx which lies east of the Bronx River; this roughly corresponds to the eastern half of the borough. Neighborhoods include: Baychester, Castle Hill, City Island, Co-op City, Country Club, Eastchester, Edenwald, Edgewater Park, Harding Park, Morris Park, Parkchester, Pelham Bay, Pelham Parkway, Soundview, Throggs Neck, Van Nest, Wakefield, Westchester Square, and Williamsbridge. Much of the East Bronx is farther from Manhattan than", "id": "5871832" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\nto Bergen County, in New Jersey. There are numerous bridges to the Bronx across the Harlem River, and five (listed north to south)—the Triborough (known officially as the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge), Ed Koch Queensboro (also known as the 59th Street Bridge), Williamsburg, Manhattan, and Brooklyn Bridges—that cross the East River to connect Manhattan to Long Island. Several tunnels also link Manhattan Island to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey. The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under", "id": "1713616" }, { "contents": "Boroughs of New York City\n\n\nmost U.S. cities, which lie within a single county or extend partially into another county, constitute a county in themselves, or are completely separate and independent of any county. Each borough is represented by a borough president. Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island each have a Borough Hall with limited administrative functions. The Manhattan Borough President's office is situated in the Manhattan Municipal Building. The Bronx Borough President's office used to be in its own Bronx Borough Hall but has been in the Bronx County Courthouse for decades. Since", "id": "595098" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\nneighboring counties to form \"the City of Greater New York\", Manhattan and the Bronx, though still one county, were established as two separate boroughs. On January 1, 1914, the New York State Legislature created Bronx County and New York County was reduced to its present boundaries. The construction of the New York City Subway, which opened in 1904, helped bind the new city together, as did additional bridges to Brooklyn. In the 1920s Manhattan experienced large arrivals of African-Americans as part of the Great Migration", "id": "1713487" }, { "contents": "Harlem River\n\n\nThe Harlem River is an tidal strait flowing between the Hudson River and the East River and separating the island of Manhattan from the Bronx on the New York mainland. The northern stretch, also called the Spuyten Duyvil (\"spewing devil\") Creek, has been significantly altered for navigation purposes. Originally it curved round the north of Marble Hill, but in 1895 the Harlem River Ship Canal was dug between Manhattan and Marble Hill, and in 1914 the original course was filled in. The Harlem River forms a part of the", "id": "3943948" }, { "contents": "The Bronx\n\n\nhad voted against consolidation in 1894) and portions of Eastchester and Pelham. The nautical community of City Island voted to join the city in 1896. On January 1, 1898, the consolidated City of New York was born, including the Bronx as one of the five distinct boroughs (at the same time, the Bronx's territory moved from Westchester County into New York County, which already contained Manhattan and the rest of pre-1874 New York City). On April 19, 1912, those parts of New York County which had", "id": "2950849" }, { "contents": "New York City\n\n\nNations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy. Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of the State of New York. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,", "id": "5106951" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\nRiver and Harlem River south of Dyckman Street. The Henry Hudson Parkway is the corresponding parkway on the West Side north of 57th Street. Being primarily an island, Manhattan is linked to New York City's outer boroughs by numerous bridges, of various sizes. Manhattan has fixed highway connections with New Jersey to its west by way of the George Washington Bridge, the Holland Tunnel, and the Lincoln Tunnel, and to three of the four other New York City boroughs—the Bronx to the northeast, and Brooklyn and Queens (", "id": "1713614" }, { "contents": "West Bronx\n\n\nThe West Bronx is a region in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The region lies west of the Bronx River and roughly corresponds to the western half of the borough. The West Bronx is more densely populated than the East Bronx, and is closer to Upper Manhattan. From the late 17th century to the middle 19th century this included the central and southern part of the Town of Yonkers, but then became the separate Town of Kingsbridge. In 1874, the then towns of Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania were", "id": "17644291" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\nWar I, the section of the original Harlem River channel separating Marble Hill from The Bronx was filled in, and Marble Hill became part of the mainland. Marble Hill is one example of how Manhattan's land has been considerably altered by human intervention. The borough has seen substantial land reclamation along its waterfronts since Dutch colonial times, and much of the natural variation in its topography has been evened out. In New York Harbor, there are three smaller islands: Other smaller islands, in the East River, include (from", "id": "1713502" }, { "contents": "Manhattan Waterfront Greenway\n\n\nThe Manhattan Waterfront Greenway is a foreshoreway for walking or cycling, long, around the island of Manhattan, in New York City. The largest portions are operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is separated from motor traffic, and many sections also separate pedestrians from cyclists. There are three principal parts — the East, Harlem and Hudson River Greenways. The Hudson River Greenway is the longest greenway in Manhattan, running along the West Side, from Dyckman Street in the north to Battery Park in the", "id": "14312193" }, { "contents": "History of the New York City Subway\n\n\nin 2010. The beginnings of the actual Subway came from various excursion railroads to Coney Island and elevated railroads in Manhattan and Brooklyn. At that time, New York County (Manhattan Island and part of the Bronx), Kings County (including the cities of Brooklyn and Williamsburg), and Queens County were separate municipal entities. Competing steam-powered elevated railroads were built over major avenues. The first elevated line was constructed in 1867-1870 by Charles Harvey and his West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway company along Greenwich Street and", "id": "9525797" }, { "contents": "Alexander Hamilton Bridge\n\n\nThe Alexander Hamilton Bridge carries eight lanes of traffic over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, connecting the Trans-Manhattan Expressway in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan and the Cross-Bronx Expressway, as part of Interstate 95 and U.S. 1. The bridge opened to traffic on January 15, 1963, the same day that the Cross-Bronx Expressway was completed. For 2011, the New York City Department of Transportation, which operates and maintains the bridge, reported an average daily", "id": "1445581" }, { "contents": "Marble Hill, Manhattan\n\n\nMarble Hill is the northernmost neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is the only Manhattan neighborhood that is not on an island. Marble Hill was occupied as a Dutch colonial settlement in 1646, and gained its current name in 1891 because of marble deposits underneath the neighborhood. Politically a part of Manhattan and New York County, Marble Hill became an island in the Harlem River when it was separated from the island of Manhattan by the construction of the Harlem Ship Canal in 1895. In 1914, the Harlem River", "id": "14842706" }, { "contents": "New York City mayoral elections\n\n\nto six.) Although separate boroughs since 1898, the Bronx and Manhattan shared New York County and reported elections together until the separate Bronx County was formed in April 1912 and started her separate existence on January 1, 1914. The borough of Richmond changed its name to Staten Island in 1975, although the co-extensive Richmond County still retains that name. Although it was not uncommon for a candidate to carry all five boroughs in the same election, variations in voting patterns are noticeable. Since it started reporting separate returns in", "id": "7241364" }, { "contents": "City of Greater New York\n\n\nof the other towns and cities in Kings County. Only the western part of Queens County was part of the consolidation plan. In 1899, its three eastern towns separated to form the new Nassau County. While remaining a county in relation to the state, each county became a borough within the city, with the Bronx reunited to form a fifth borough that shared New York County with Manhattan. A separate Bronx County was established in 1914, making the present New York County co-extensive with the Borough of Manhattan. The", "id": "3921083" }, { "contents": "Boroughs of New York City\n\n\nNew York City encompasses five county-level administrative divisions called \"boroughs\": The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. All five boroughs are part of New York City, and each borough is coterminous with a respective county. The boroughs of Queens and The Bronx are concurrent with the counties of the same name, while the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island correspond to New York, Kings, and Richmond counties, respectively. All five boroughs came into existence with the consolidation of New", "id": "595090" }, { "contents": "1920 United States presidential election in New York\n\n\nboroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island, and also won majorities in Manhattan and the Bronx. 1920 was the first of only two occasions in which a Republican presidential candidate has won all five boroughs of New York City since the city’s incorporation in 1898, the other occasion being 1924. Likewise, this was the first of only two occasions (the other being 1924) in which a Republican has won the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx since they took their modern forms with the creation of Bronx County in 1914", "id": "16504914" }, { "contents": "Concourse, Bronx\n\n\nfollowing high schools serve grades 9-12 unless otherwise indicated: The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates three branches in the Concourse area: The Harlem River separates the Bronx and Manhattan, with the Macombs Dam Bridge connecting the two boroughs within Concourse. Interstate 87, the Major Deegan Expressway, has exits that can access the neighborhood. The Grand Concourse terminates onto roads leading across the Triborough Bridge with connections to Queens and Manhattan. New York City Subway routes include the IRT Jerome Avenue Line () at 161st Street and", "id": "18688301" }, { "contents": "Congestion pricing in New York City\n\n\nincluded adding tolls to all crossings of the East River, which separates Manhattan from Long Island; currently, four bridges across the East River do not charge any tolls. In the 1970s, after New York City was deemed to be in violation of the Clean Air Act, Mayor John Lindsay proposed limiting cars in Lower Manhattan and tolling all crossings of the East River, but ultimately withdrew the proposal. Lindsay's successor Abraham Beame subsequently opposed the tolling scheme. Beame's successor Ed Koch attempted to restore limits on vehicles entering Manhattan", "id": "10223008" }, { "contents": "Third Avenue Bridge (New York City)\n\n\nThe Third Avenue Bridge carries southbound road traffic on Third Avenue over the Harlem River, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City. It once carried southbound New York State Route 1A. The Third Avenue Bridge carries traffic south from the intersections of either Third Avenue and East 135th Street, or Bruckner Boulevard and Lincoln Avenue, in the Bronx. On the Manhattan side, the bridge funnels traffic into three locations: East 128th Street; the intersection of East 129th Street and Lexington Avenue; or the southbound Harlem River", "id": "10682950" }, { "contents": "NYC Ferry\n\n\nwas founded in 1661, traveling across the Hudson River from Manhattan to Communipaw (now part of Jersey City). Ferries along the Harlem River, between uptown Manhattan and the Bronx, started in 1667, and a ferry to Staten Island was started in 1712. The number of ferries would grow, and by 1904, there would be 147 ferry services operating in New York City waters. One of the first documented horse-powered \"team\" boats in commercial service in the United States was the Fulton Ferry Company, an", "id": "14974722" }, { "contents": "History of New York City\n\n\nlargest corporations in 1920 were headquartered in New York City. In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan, and outlying areas. Manhattan and the Bronx were established as two separate boroughs and joined together with three other boroughs created from parts of adjacent counties to form the new municipal government originally called \"Greater New York\". The Borough of Brooklyn incorporated the independent City of Brooklyn, recently joined to Manhattan by the Brooklyn Bridge; the Borough", "id": "17881885" }, { "contents": "Washington Bridge\n\n\nThe Washington Bridge carries six lanes of traffic, as well as sidewalks on both sides, over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, connecting 181st Street and Amsterdam Avenue in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan to University Avenue in the Morris Heights neighborhood of the Bronx. Ramps at either end of the bridge connect to the Trans-Manhattan Expressway and the Cross-Bronx Expressway. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation. It once carried U.S. Route", "id": "2928318" }, { "contents": "New York City\n\n\nManhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States (Staten island would be ranked 37th) ; these same boroughs are coterminous with the four most densely populated counties in the United States (New York [Manhattan], Kings [Brooklyn], Bronx, and Queens). Under the Köppen climate classification, using the isotherm, New York City features a humid subtropical climate (\"Cfa\"), and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization", "id": "5107003" }, { "contents": "Geography of New Jersey\n\n\nNew Jersey is a state within the United States of America that lies on the north eastern edge of the North American continent. It shares a land border with the state of State of New York along the north, ratified by both states after the New York – New Jersey Line War. New Jersey is slightly larger than the country of Kuwait. The Atlantic Ocean is east of the state. It is separated from New York, in particular the boroughs of the Bronx and Manhattan in New York City by the Hudson River,", "id": "21419302" }, { "contents": "New York State Route 1A\n\n\nNew York State Route 1A (NY 1A) was a north–south state highway mostly located within New York City. It extended for just under from an intersection with NY 27 near the Holland Tunnel in Lower Manhattan to an interchange with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) just north of the New York City line in the Westchester County village of Pelham Manor. In Manhattan and the South Bronx, NY 1A used several surface streets to traverse the boroughs, including a handful of one-way roads. At the Bronx River", "id": "2687024" }, { "contents": "East Coast Greenway\n\n\nlike Hartford, New Haven, Bridgeport, and Stamford. Users can travel on the Farmington Canal Greenway to get to New Haven from Simsbury and then ride along the Long Island Sound as they exit the state. Currently, 28% of the route is off-road, with an additional 28% in development. The New York segments starts in Westchester County and heads south into New York City through the Bronx and Manhattan. The route travels down sections of Broadway and along the Hudson River, which travelers can cross via the", "id": "1424033" }, { "contents": "129th New York State Legislature\n\n\nNote: In 1897, New York County (the boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx), Kings County (the borough of Brooklyn), Richmond County (the borough of Staten Island) and the Western part of Queens County (the borough of Queens) were consolidated into the present-day City of New York. The Eastern part of Queens County (the non-consolidated part) was separated in 1899 as Nassau County. Parts of the 1st and 2nd Assembly districts of Westchester County were annexed by New York City in 1895", "id": "6097824" }, { "contents": "Transportation in New York City\n\n\na few dozen locations throughout the subway system. 3.7 million people were employed in New York City; Manhattan is the main employment center with 56% of all jobs. Of those working in Manhattan, 30% commute from within Manhattan, while 17% come from Queens, 16% from Brooklyn, 8% from the Bronx, and 2.5% from Staten Island. Another 4.5% commute to Manhattan from Nassau County and 2% from Suffolk County on Long Island, while 4% commute from Westchester County. 5% commute", "id": "17148954" }, { "contents": "Brooklyn\n\n\nsettlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years. The settlement began in the 17th century as the small Dutch-founded town of \"Breuckelen\" on the East River shore of Long Island, grew to be a sizeable city in the 19th century, and was consolidated in 1898 with New York City (then confined to Manhattan and part of the Bronx), the remaining rural areas of Kings County, and the largely rural areas of Queens and Staten Island, to form the modern City of New York. The etymology of Breuckelen", "id": "3295302" }, { "contents": "Congestion pricing in New York City\n\n\nQueensboro Bridge across the East River, which separates Long Island from the island of Manhattan. These bridges originally had tolls, but these were removed before the Great Depression. In 1933, in the midst of the Depression, the New York City Comptroller proposed reinstating tolls on the bridges in order to raise money for the city. This received opposition from residents of Brooklyn and Queens, in western Long Island, because the four free bridges were the only means of traveling freely to and from Long Island. Civic groups also opposed the", "id": "10223012" }, { "contents": "List of former municipalities in New York City\n\n\nYork County (and New York City) in 1874 (west of Bronx River) and 1895 (east of it). Those two parts were established as a separate borough upon the consolidation of Greater New York in 1898, but was not legally established as a separate county, Bronx County, until 1914. West Bronx - annexed to New York City in 1874. East Bronx - annexed to New York City in 1895. When it was created in 1688 Kings County contained six towns. The City of Brooklyn eventually annexed the", "id": "9939200" }, { "contents": "Area code 917\n\n\nassigned to landlines predominantly in Manhattan, to relieve the particularly severe shortage of numbers there. The original area code for all of New York City's boroughs was 212, established with the North American Numbering Plan in 1947. In 1984, the numbering plan area (NPA) was divided by splitting Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island into a separate numbering plan area with area code 718, reducing 212 to only Manhattan and The Bronx. In 1990, The New York Telephone Company wanted to assign a new area code (917", "id": "12142283" }, { "contents": "New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad\n\n\nand Boston, in 1844. The New York and New Haven was built later, as it ran parallel to the Long Island Sound coast and required many bridges over rivers. It opened in 1848, using trackage rights over the New York and Harlem Railroad (later part of the New York Central Railroad system) from Woodlawn in the Bronx south to Manhattan. With the opening of Grand Central Terminal in 1913, New Haven's New York City terminal was moved there/ About the beginning of the 20th century, New York investors led", "id": "2178375" }, { "contents": "Education in New York City\n\n\nin New York City. The Jesuit-associated Fordham University, with campuses in Manhattan and the Bronx, was the first Catholic university in the Northeast, founded in 1841. St. John's University was founded by the Vincentian Fathers in 1870 and now has campuses in Queens, Manhattan, and Staten Island, with over 20,000 graduate and undergraduate students. It is also a founding member of the Division I Big East Conference. Manhattan College, founded in 1853 by the De La Salle Brothers, is located in the Bronx's Riverdale", "id": "6368460" }, { "contents": "Westchester County, New York\n\n\nsouthern boundary with New York City and its northern border with Putnam County. It is bordered on the west side by the Hudson River and on the east side by the Long Island Sound and Fairfield County, Connecticut. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (14%) is water. Where Pelham Manor meets Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, the southern border of Westchester is just under from Columbus Circle in Manhattan. At over , Pelham Bay Park is", "id": "3871123" }, { "contents": "Barren Island, Brooklyn\n\n\ncompany, which collected garbage from hotels around the city, operated a garbage incinerator that turned New York City's waste into fertilizer, grease, and soap. Residents of nearby Brooklyn communities opposed the construction of the incinerator, but to no avail. By 1897, the island was home to two garbage plants and four animal-processing plants. Barren Island soon became known for its use as a garbage dump. Waste and animal carcasses from Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx was sent to Barren Island, while New York City", "id": "15421149" }, { "contents": "History of Westchester County\n\n\nThe Bronx was split off from New York County and Bronx County was created, thus making the Borough of Manhattan & the County of New York coterminous with each other. During the 20th century, the rural character of Westchester would transform into the suburban county known today. Between the county's railroad network and the proliferation of the automobile in the early 20th century, working in New York City and living in the country became possible for the middle class. In 1907 the Bronx River Commission, a joint venture between New York City", "id": "17089341" }, { "contents": "New York City Criminal Court\n\n\nright to a trial before a judge and have the trial held by a judicial hearing officer. Appeals are to the Appellate Terms of the New York Supreme Court, established separately in the First Department (Manhattan and the Bronx) and Second Department (Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) of the Appellate Division. There are several specialized parts of the Criminal Court which handle specific subject areas. Defendants arraigned on felony or misdemeanor complaints are initially arraigned in the arraignment part of the Criminal Court. The all-purpose or \"", "id": "21805418" }, { "contents": "Pelham Bay Park\n\n\npark. In 1892, the New York City Department of Public Parks separately allowed the occupation of the Hunter, Hoyt, and Twin Island houses. The next year, two buildings near Pelham Bridge were auctioned off. Pelham Bay Park's ownership was passed to New York City when the part of the Bronx east of the Bronx River was annexed to the city in 1895. Despite the park being for public use, some of the old estates remained standing, with a few occupied by private families. Due to its distance from", "id": "4504403" }, { "contents": "Organization of the New York City Fire Department\n\n\nwas formerly located at 35 Empire Blvd., Brooklyn. The Staten Island Communications Office was formerly located at 65 Slosson Rd., Staten Island. The Bronx, Manhattan/Citywide, and Queens Communications Offices are located at Public Safety Answering Center 2 (PSAC 2), 350 Marconi St., Bronx. The Bronx Communications Office was formerly located at 1129 E. 180th St., Bronx. The Manhattan Communications Office was formerly located at E. 79th St. and Transverse Rd., Central Park, Manhattan. The Queens Communications Office was formerly", "id": "12135871" }, { "contents": "Brownstone\n\n\nin the Upper West Side, Upper East Side, Harlem and East Harlem. In Queens and The Bronx, the historic districts of Long Island City and Mott Haven also host many brownstones. Brownstones also predominate in some Hudson County neighborhoods directly across the Hudson River from Manhattan, especially in Hoboken and around Van Vorst Park and Hamilton Park in Jersey City. New York City brownstones usually cost several million dollars to purchase. A typical architectural detail of brownstones in and around New York City is the stoop, a steep staircase rising from", "id": "5790026" }, { "contents": "Queens\n\n\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, Queens County has a total area of , of which is land and (39%) is water. Brooklyn, the only other New York City borough on geographic Long Island, lies just south and west of Queens, with Newtown Creek, an estuary that flows into the East River, forming part of the border. To the west and north is the East River, across which is Manhattan to the west and The Bronx to the north. Nassau County is east of Queens on", "id": "1765833" }, { "contents": "John F. Kennedy High School (New York City)\n\n\n. The school is also served by the and bus routes, which run along either Broadway or West 231st Street near the campus. Prior to the 20th Century, the site of John F. Kennedy High School was part of the course of Spuyten Duyvil Creek which separated Manhattan and the Bronx, while Marble Hill was geographically part of Manhattan. Tibbett Avenue was originally the right-of-way of Tibbetts Brook, which merged with the creek at approximately West 230th Street. In 1895, the Harlem River Ship Canal was dug between", "id": "9595112" }, { "contents": "NYC Ferry\n\n\nNYHarborWay, worked with the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) to release a Comprehensive Citywide Ferry Study, in which it examined over 40 potential locations for a ferry system in New York City. The study was commissioned in order to examine transport alternatives for neighborhoods along New York City's shores. It also discussed the East River Ferry, which was set to enter service later that year. The study identified potential ferry routes to western Manhattan and Riverdale; eastern Manhattan, the South Bronx, and Co-op City", "id": "14974728" }, { "contents": "New York City Marathon\n\n\nthe halfway point of the race and the entrance into Long Island City, Queens. After about in Queens, runners cross the East River via the Queensboro (59th Street) Bridge into Manhattan. It is at this point in the race when many runners begin to tire, as the climb up the bridge is considered one of the most difficult points in the marathon. Reaching Manhattan after about , the race proceeds north on First Avenue, then crosses into The Bronx via the Willis Avenue Bridge for one mile before returning to Manhattan", "id": "2502647" }, { "contents": "Macombs Dam Bridge\n\n\nThe Macombs Dam Bridge ( ) spans the Harlem River in New York City, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx near Yankee Stadium. It is the third-oldest bridge in New York City and, along with the 155th Street Viaduct, was designated a New York City Landmark in January 1992. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). The bridge is located from the mouth of the Harlem River. It consists of a swing bridge over the Harlem River decorated with", "id": "2580286" }, { "contents": "Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway\n\n\ncalled PATH-Lex by its supporters, would have consisted of a one-seat ride from Newark and Jersey City through Lower Manhattan, the East Side of Manhattan, and the Bronx. While the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was interested in the plan, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey dismissed the idea altogether, due to the complexity of connecting the two separate systems. The 7 Subway Extension was devised in the late 1990s to extend the IRT Flushing Line, which carries the local and express services, further westward into", "id": "9339996" }, { "contents": "City Island, Bronx\n\n\nRailway connected City Island to Pelham Bay Park from 1887 to 1919. Originally composed of two separate railroads, the narrow-gauge horsecar route was operated by the Pelham Park Railroad Company, which ran service between the Bartow station of the Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad and Brown's Hotel on City Island. The route was complete by 1892. The Interborough Rapid Transit Company, which operated part of the modern-day New York City Subway, absorbed the two companies in 1902 and started designing its own monorail in 1908. The", "id": "20534630" }, { "contents": "Brooklyn\n\n\nNew York City and crossed by the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge; Upper New York Bay, separating Brooklyn from Jersey City and Bayonne in the U.S. state of New Jersey; and the East River, separating Brooklyn from the borough of Manhattan in New York City and traversed by the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, the Brooklyn Bridge, the Manhattan Bridge, the Williamsburg Bridge, and numerous routes of the New York City Subway. To the east of Brooklyn lies the borough of Queens, which contains John F. Kennedy International Airport in that borough", "id": "3295328" }, { "contents": "The Bronx\n\n\nThe Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. Since 1914, the borough has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. The Bronx has a land area of and a population of 1,471,160 in 2017. Of the five boroughs, it has the fourth", "id": "2950833" }, { "contents": "East River Greenway\n\n\nThe East River Greenway (also called the East River Esplanade) is an approximately foreshoreway for walking or cycling on the east side of the island of Manhattan on the East River. It is part of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. The largest portions are operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is separated from motor traffic, and many sections also separate pedestrians from cyclists. The greenway is parallel to the Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive for a majority of its length. Parts of the greenway were built", "id": "17751990" }, { "contents": "Neighborhoods in New York City\n\n\nThe neighborhoods in New York City are located within the five boroughs of the City of New York. Their names and borders are not officially defined, and they change from time to time. New York City is split up into five boroughs, which are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough has the same boundaries as a county of the state. The county governments were dissolved when the city consolidated in 1898, along with all city, town, and village governments within each county.", "id": "17701711" }, { "contents": "History of Long Island\n\n\nand eastern Brooklyn, which offered cheaper and larger housing but were far beyond reasonable walking distance. Seven new bridges were built across the East River - Williamsburg Bridge (1903), Queensboro Bridge (1909), Manhattan Bridge (1909), Hell Gate Bridge (1916), Triborough Bridge (1936), Bronx-Whitestone Bridge (1939), and Throgs Neck Bridge (1961). Immigrants spilling over from New York City made comfortable lives on Long Island. The immigration waves of Southern and Eastern Europe have been pivotal", "id": "12385732" }, { "contents": "Borough president\n\n\n, covering about . On April 19, 1912, the New York State Legislature passed a law forming Bronx County from part of New York County on January 1, 1914, with the latter then becoming coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan. In 1975, the name of the borough of Richmond was officially changed to Staten Island. The initial city charter established the five borough president offices with terms of four years, coinciding with the term of the mayor. The salaries of the presidents of Manhattan, the Bronx, and Brooklyn were", "id": "10313257" }, { "contents": "List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises\n\n\nYork City, the Yankees are popularly dubbed the \"Bronx Bombers\" for their home borough and generally command the loyalties of fans from the Bronx, parts of Brooklyn, Staten Island, Manhattan, Long Island, parts of North Jersey and Westchester County, New York, while the Mets play in Queens and draw support from Queens, Brooklyn and parts of Long Island, revealing a split by neighborhood. The San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics represent rival cities within the Bay Area, a single media market. Though the Washington Nationals", "id": "3899944" }, { "contents": "The Bronx\n\n\n-largest area, fourth-highest population, and third-highest population density. It is the only borough predominantly on the U.S. mainland. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, and a flatter eastern section. East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914. About a quarter of the Bronx", "id": "2950834" }, { "contents": "Dominican Americans\n\n\nDominican American population at 1,414,703. About 41% of Dominican Americans live in New York City alone. Many of New York's Dominicans live in the boroughs of the Bronx and Manhattan, and to a lesser degree in Queens and Brooklyn. There are also large populations in other parts of New York State, like Long Island and the Hudson Valley including cities like Yonkers, Haverstraw, Newburgh and as far north as Albany. Across the Hudson River, in New Jersey, a rapidly growing population of up to 250,000 Dominicans reside,", "id": "9818990" }, { "contents": "Area codes 718, 347, and 929\n\n\nexcluded from the Manhattan numbering plan areas 212, 646, and 332, but uses 718, 347, or 929 area codes. It used to be attached to Manhattan Island. After the Harlem River Ship Canal was built in 1895, Marble Hill was separated from Manhattan Island by water. Soon after, the Spuyten Duyvil Creek was filled in with landfill, physically connecting Marble Hill to the Bronx. When the 718 numbering plan area was extended to the Bronx, Marble Hill residents unsuccessfully fought to retain area code 212. Marble", "id": "14998174" }, { "contents": "Manhattan Prong\n\n\nThe Manhattan Prong of the New England Uplands is a smaller belt of ancient rock in southern New York (including Manhattan, the Bronx, and segments of Brooklyn and Staten Island), parts of Westchester County, and upland portions of southwestern Connecticut. The Manhattan Prong and the Reading Prong are separated by the Newark Basin in the south, but the two features merge at the northern terminus of the Newark Basin in the vicinity of Peekskill, New York. A band of mountains that rise nearly one thousand feet along the northwestern margin", "id": "20306013" }, { "contents": "Triborough Bridge\n\n\nanother pedestrian bridge between Randalls Island and the neighborhood of Port Morris, Bronx, opened to the east of the Triborough Bridge in November 2015. The Triborough Bridge carries the bus routes operated by MTA New York City Transit, as well as several express bus routes operated by the MTA Bus Company: . The M35 travels from Manhattan to Randalls and Wards Islands (with the X80 also operating during special events), while the M60 SBS runs between Manhattan and Queens, and the MTA Bus express routes travel between Manhattan and the Bronx", "id": "3687166" }, { "contents": "Yonkers, New York\n\n\nwhose spire can be seen from Long Island, New York City, and New Jersey. The city occupies 20.3 square miles (52.6 km²), including 18.1 square miles (46.8 km²) of land and 2.2 square miles (5.8 km²) (11.02%) of water, according to the United States Census Bureau. The Bronx River separates Yonkers from Mount Vernon, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, Bronxville, and Scarsdale to the east. The town of Greenburgh is to the north, and on the western border is the Hudson River", "id": "10041204" }, { "contents": "126th New York State Legislature\n\n\nMarch 4, 1903. Note: In 1897, New York County (the boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx), Kings County (the borough of Brooklyn), Richmond County (the borough of Staten Island) and the Western part of Queens County (the borough of Queens) were consolidated into the present-day City of New York. The Eastern part of Queens County (the non-consolidated part) was separated in 1899 as Nassau County. Parts of the 1st and 2nd Assembly districts of Westchester County were annexed by", "id": "2008900" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 9\n\n\nor \"one-nine\". US 9 exits shortly after the George Washington bridge to go onto New York City's Broadway north of it, passing over the northern tip of Manhattan Island via the toll-free Broadway Bridge, through the Bronx and into Westchester County, where in some towns it follows the old Albany Post Road, which dates from the early days of the nation's existence. Following the Hudson River closely as a busy surface road through the many suburban river villages and past National Historic Landmarks such as Sunnyside", "id": "4446876" }, { "contents": "List of bus routes in Manhattan\n\n\nSeveral companies, most prominently the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), operate a number of bus routes in Manhattan, New York, United States. Many of them are the direct descendants of streetcar lines (see list of streetcar lines in Manhattan). Presently, the New York City Transit Authority and its subsidiary Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority operate most local buses in Manhattan. The Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation operates the Roosevelt Island Red Bus Service on Roosevelt Island. The first bus company in Manhattan was the Fifth Avenue Coach", "id": "17538880" }, { "contents": "New York (state)\n\n\nToday, the New York Thruway acts as a modern counterpart to commercial water routes. There are 62 cities in New York. The largest city in the state and the most populous city in the United States is New York City, which comprises five counties (each coextensive with a borough): Bronx, New York County (Manhattan), Queens, Kings County (Brooklyn), and Richmond County (Staten Island). New York City is home to more than two-fifths of the state's population. Albany,", "id": "4137653" }, { "contents": "New York City mayoral elections\n\n\nthe war, won the election with less than half the vote. However, as in 1897, the numbers suggest that Tammany Hall might have won even against a unified opposition. ¶ The Bronx and Manhattan, although separate Boroughs since 1898, shared New York County and reported their votes together until Bronx County was formed in April 1912 and came into its separate existence on January 1, 1914. [ \"The World Almanac\" does not list separate returns for the two boroughs until 1917, but \"The Encyclopedia of New York", "id": "7241411" }, { "contents": "Staten Island\n\n\nneighborhood of Tottenville is the southernmost point in the state of New York. Staten Island is the only borough in New York City that does not share a land border with another borough (Marble Hill in Manhattan is contiguous with the Bronx). The borough has a land border with Elizabeth and Bayonne, New Jersey, on uninhabited Shooters Island. Staten Island is home to a large and diverse population of wildlife. Wildlife found on Staten Island include white tailed deer (which have increased from a population of 24 in 2008 to 2,000", "id": "5346330" }, { "contents": "Bx12 (New York City bus)\n\n\nThe 207th Street Crosstown Line, also called the Fordham Road−207th Street Crosstown Line or Fordham Road Crosstown Line, is a public transit line in New York City serving the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. The line runs along 207th Street in upper Manhattan, and along the continuous Fordham Road and Pelham Parkway in the Bronx. Originally a streetcar line between Inwood in Manhattan and Belmont in the Bronx from the early 1900s to 1948, the line is now the Bx12 bus route operated by the New York City Transit Authority under the subsidiary", "id": "1250828" }, { "contents": "Manhattan\n\n\ncity of tenements packed with poorly paid laborers from dozens of nations, the city became a hotbed of revolution (including anarchists and communists among others), syndicalism, racketeering, and unionization. In 1883, the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge established a road connection to Brooklyn, across the East River. In 1874 the western portion of the present Bronx County was transferred to New York County from Westchester County, and in 1895 the remainder of the present Bronx County was annexed. In 1898, when New York City consolidated with three", "id": "1713486" }, { "contents": "Phil Reed\n\n\nPhil Reed (February 21, 1949 – November 6, 2008) was a New York City Council Member from 1998 to 2005, when term limits forced him out of office. He represented Council District 8, encompassing Manhattan neighborhoods of East Harlem and Manhattan Valley, and a portion of the South Bronx, as well as Randall's Island, Wards Island and Central Park. He was the first openly gay African-American New York City Council Member. From 2002 to 2005 he was the chair of the Council's Committee on", "id": "15883079" }, { "contents": "2015 New York City Marathon\n\n\nIsland City, Queens. After about in Queens, runners cross the East River via the Queensboro Bridge into Manhattan. Reaching Manhattan after about , the race proceeds north on First Avenue, then crosses briefly into The Bronx via the Willis Avenue Bridge for a mile before returning into Manhattan via the Madison Avenue Bridge. It then proceeds south through Harlem down Fifth Avenue and into Central Park. At the southern end of the park, the race proceeds across Central Park South, where thousands of spectators cheer runners on during the last mile", "id": "3986569" }, { "contents": "Bridge Park (Bronx)\n\n\nBridge Park is a park in the Bronx, New York, created as part of a larger vision of creating connected waterfront parks along both sides of the Harlem River. The park's name references three large arch bridges linking Manhattan and the Bronx: Alexander Hamilton Bridge, Washington Bridge, and High Bridge. Land for this park was gradually acquired by the City of New York between 1884 and 2011. The oldest of the parcels was along the Bronx side of Washington Bridge, where winding trails and steps descended from the bridge's", "id": "17368286" }, { "contents": "Demographics of New York (state)\n\n\nthe Bronx. New York City is home to many blacks, the majority with roots in the United States but a group which includes those with roots in Caribbean Islands like Jamaica, Barbados, Guyana, Trinidad and Haiti, as well as recent immigrants from Sub-Saharan African countries. The Bronx has a large population of blacks that are of Latin American origin, but so does northern Manhattan (Harlem) and Brooklyn which had American-born black majorities since the 1920s, as well the largest African American population of any state", "id": "17396404" }, { "contents": "Phyllis Birkby\n\n\n, (later renamed Davis Brody Bond), during which time she contributed architecture services to many notable projects, including a new residential high-rise neighborhood on the Hudson River in Manhattan called Waterside Plaza, a Library complex at Long Island University's Brooklyn Campus; New York City urban renewal projects in the South Bronx; Amethyst House, a women's residence commissioned by Bayley Seton Hospital, in Staten Island; and a recreational facility at Hampshire College. Between 1968 and 1973, Ms. Birkby taught architectural design as a member of", "id": "7093281" }, { "contents": "Yonkers, New York\n\n\nHill, and Church Hill. The land on which the city is built was once part of a land grant called Colen Donck that ran from the current Manhattan-Bronx border at Marble Hill northwards for , and from the Hudson River eastwards to the Bronx River. In July 1645, this area was granted to Adriaen van der Donck, the patroon of Colendonck. Van der Donck was known locally as the \"Jonkheer\" or \"Jonker\" (etymologically, \"young gentleman,\" derivation of old Dutch \"jong\" (", "id": "10041180" }, { "contents": "Tugboats in New York City\n\n\ninternational port with large ocean ships docking, which needed 'ship assist' tugs to aid in berthing. A ship as large as the RMS \"Queen Mary\" needed many tugs. Passenger ferries to Brooklyn, New Jersey, Staten Island and Long Island, however, didn't need tugs. The Port of New York was really eleven ports in one. It boasted a developed shoreline of over comprising the waterfronts of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island as well as the New Jersey shoreline from Perth", "id": "12490253" }, { "contents": "Bronx River\n\n\nflows south past White Plains, then south-southwest through the northern suburbs in New York, passing through Edgemont, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, and Bronxville. It forms the border between the large cities of Yonkers and Mount Vernon, and flows into the northern end of The Bronx, where it divides East Bronx from West Bronx, southward through Bronx Park, New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo and continues through neighborhoods of the South Bronx. It empties into the East River, a tidal strait connected to Long Island Sound", "id": "8847716" }, { "contents": "D (New York City Subway service)\n\n\nThe D Sixth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or \"bullet\", is colored since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The D operates at all times between 205th Street in Norwood, Bronx, and Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, Brooklyn. Daytime service operates local in the Bronx and express in Manhattan and in Brooklyn (between Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center and 36th Street, bypassing DeKalb Avenue). During rush hours in", "id": "11182469" }, { "contents": "New York City\n\n\naction also left bedrock at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid foundation for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers. In the precolonial era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by Algonquian Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island; the western portion of Long Island, including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens; Manhattan; the Bronx; and the Lower Hudson Valley. The first documented visit into New York Harbor by a European was in 1524 by", "id": "5106959" }, { "contents": "Education in New York City\n\n\nselective specialized schools, such as Stuyvesant High School, The Bronx High School of Science, and Brooklyn Technical High School. There are several charter schools that operate in the city, such as Success Academy Charter Schools and Public Prep. There are also approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city. The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the country, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. It has several research libraries including the Main Branch and", "id": "6368451" }, { "contents": "Characteristics of New York City mayoral elections\n\n\na long history of tension between reform and clubhouse candidates. This is partially understood in terms of the size of the city and the correspondingly large number of patronage jobs available. The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year. The City which elects the Mayor as its chief executive consists of the five New York Boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, which consolidated to form \"Greater\" New York on", "id": "6664062" }, { "contents": "Washington Heights, Manhattan\n\n\ntrench between 178th and 179th Streets. To the east, the highway leads to the Alexander Hamilton Bridge, completed in 1963 across the Harlem River to connect the GWB to the Bronx and the Cross Bronx Expressway. The Washington Bridge crosses the Harlem River just north of the Alexander Hamilton Bridge. High Bridge is the oldest bridge in New York City still in existence, crossing the river just south of the Alexander Hamilton Bridge at 175th Street in Manhattan. Completed in 1848, it originally carried the Croton Aqueduct as part of the New", "id": "13763188" }, { "contents": "Flags of New York City\n\n\nThe flags of New York City include the flag of New York City, the respective flags of the boroughs of The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island, and flags of certain city departments. The city flag is a vertical tricolor in blue, white, and orange and charged in the center bar with the Seal of New York City in blue. The tricolor design is derived from the flag of the Dutch Republic—the Prince's Flag—as used in New Amsterdam in 1625. For the first", "id": "19250071" }, { "contents": "Yonkers, New York\n\n\n. On the south, Yonkers borders the Riverdale, Woodlawn, and Wakefield sections of The Bronx. In addition, the southernmost point of Yonkers is only north of the northernmost point of Manhattan when measured from Broadway & Caryl Avenue in Yonkers to Broadway & West 228th Street in the Marble Hill section of Manhattan. Much of the city grew up around the Saw Mill River, which enters Yonkers from the north and feeds into the Hudson River in the Getty Square neighborhood. Portions of the Saw Mill River that were buried in flumes", "id": "10041205" }, { "contents": "New York City mayoral elections\n\n\nBella Abzug took Manhattan, Mayor Abe Beame Brooklyn, Rep. Herman Badillo the Bronx, and NY Sec. of State Mario Cuomo Queens & Staten Island. In the Democratic run-off with Cuomo, Koch took Queens and three other boroughs, leaving Cuomo with only Staten Island. In the general election, Cuomo kept Staten Island and won back Queens, but lost the other three boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx) to Koch. \"In the Republican primary,\" Roy M. Goodman, a member of the New", "id": "7241381" }, { "contents": "West Side (Manhattan)\n\n\nroads servicing the West Side are the Henry Hudson Parkway in the north, and the West Side Highway in the south. The Hudson River Greenway separates them from the west shore of the island. The Far West Side would have been the location of West Side Stadium, which was intended as the Olympic stadium for the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. After the rejection of the $2 billion stadium plan that would also lure the New York Jets to Manhattan, developers made plans, including the Hudson Yards Redevelopment", "id": "10847104" } ]

[ { "contents": "Florida black wolf\n\n\nThe Florida black wolf (\"Canis lupus floridanus\"), also known as the Florida wolf and the black wolf, is an extinct subspecies of \"Canis lupus\" that lived in Florida. This subspecies became extinct in 1908 due to crowding out of its habitat and hunting. This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of \"Canis lupus\" in the taxonomic authority \"Mammal Species of the World (2005)\". At one time this canid was proposed by some authors as a subspecies of the red wolf - the red", "id": "6486186" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\n, Red Wolf and an Aztec Ghost Rider. The following year, writer Chris Yost chose the Texas team the Rangers to come into conflict with Houston's new superhero Scarlet Spider in the story \"The Second Master\" in \"Scarlet Spider\" #7-9. In 2015, a Red Wolf from an alternate universe of Earth-51920 appears in the series \"1872\". In this universe, the Marvel heroes lives in a Wild West environment, where Red Wolf became deputy of a town called Timely. After Secret Wars,", "id": "1040850" }, { "contents": "African golden wolf\n\n\nin Neolithic rock art, though it does occasionally appear; a definite portrayal is shown on the Kef Messiouer cave in Algeria's Tébessa Province, where it is shown feeding on a wild boar carcass alongside a lion pride. It plays a role in Berber mythology, particularly that of the Ait Seghrouchen of Morocco, where it plays a similar role in folktales as the red fox does in Medieval European fables, though it is often the victim of the more cunning hedgehog. The African golden wolf plays a prominent role in the Serer", "id": "11123330" }, { "contents": "Wolf children\n\n\nWolf children () or Little Germans () were German street children that existed in East Prussia at the end of World War II. Wolf children were mostly orphans left behind in the Evacuation of East Prussia and Red Army invasion in early 1945, with many living homeless in the forests of East Prussia or adopted by Lithuanian families. By the end of 1944, as World War II had irreparably turned against Nazi Germany, civilians were forbidden from evacuating the eastern territory of East Prussia even as the inevitable invasion of the Red Army", "id": "11931414" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nApalachicola. In 1991, two pairs were reintroduced into the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where the last known red wolf was killed in 1905. Despite some early success, the wolves were relocated to North Carolina in 1998, ending the effort to reintroduce the species to the park. In 1996, the red wolf is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a critically endangered species. In 2007, the USFWS estimated that 300 red wolves remained in the world, with 207 of those in captivity. By 1999", "id": "6453784" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nand father of the Aniwaya or Wolf Clan. Cherokees generally avoided killing red wolves, as such an act was believed to bring about the vengeance of the killed animals' pack-mates. In 1940 the biologist Stanley P. Young noted that the red wolf was still common in eastern Texas, where more than 800 had been caught in 1939 because of their attacks on livestock. He did not believe that they could be exterminated because of their habit of living concealed in thickets. In 1962 a study of skull morphology of wild \"", "id": "6453777" }, { "contents": "Grimm (musical)\n\n\nwolves live in the forest, which fascinates Little Red Riding Hood in spite of the stories. Eventually, her curiosity prevails and she goes into the woods where she meets Grimm the wolf. She finds out that he is not as frightening as his reputation suggests. Little Red Riding Hood is drawn to the hermit wolf, and they become friends. The wolf has only ever known Pig Wild (a wild boar) and Granny Owl. Pig Wild believes that a wolf and human cannot be friends, in spite of her", "id": "10646039" }, { "contents": "Little Red Cap (poem)\n\n\ndoes the original Little Red Cap by Grimm, but portrays a completely different message. In the original fairy tale Little Red Cap is a \"sweet little girl\" who is given a cap that she falls in love with. The young girl is sheltered by her mother, given specific instructions about her behavior and duties. She does not make the right decision when she decides to talk to the Big Bad Wolf, and tell him where she is going. In this fairy tale Little Red Cap is portrayed as a young foolish", "id": "13619023" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\n, which lived in the Middle Pleistocene 700,000–300,000 years ago. \"C. mosbachensis\" was a wolf that once lived across Eurasia before going extinct. It was smaller than most North American wolf populations and smaller than \"C. rufus\", and has been described as being similar in size to the small Indian wolf, \"Canis lupus pallipes\". He further proposes that \"C. mosbachensis\" invaded North America where it became isolated by the later glaciation and there gave rise to \"C. rufus\". In Eurasia, \"C. mosbachensis", "id": "6453734" }, { "contents": "The Bear's Tale\n\n\nLittle Red Riding Hood in bed wearing Grandma's nightgown and cap! He says in a deep voice, \"Come in Little Red...\", coughs, then in a soft female voice, \"Come in Little Red Riding Hood!\" As Goldilocks opens the door, the wolf looks surprised and says, \"What is this, a frame-up? Who are you?\". Goldilocks introduces herself and says, \"Isn't this where the Three Bears live?\". Sarcastically, the Wolf replies, \"", "id": "10451525" }, { "contents": "Subspecies of Canis lupus\n\n\n, 2005) does not recognize \"Canis lycaon\", however NCBI/Genbank does list it. The red wolf is an enigmatic taxon, of which there are two proposals over its origin. One is that the red wolf was a distinct species (\"C. rufus\") that has undergone human-influenced admixture with coyotes. The other is that it was never a distinct species but was derived from admixture between coyotes and gray wolves, due to the gray wolf population being eliminated by humans. The taxonomic reference \"Mammal", "id": "6869455" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\nElektra and Grizzly pursued Red Wolf. While Sheriff Rogers saved Red Wolf from Grizzly, Bullseye killed Sheriff Rogers. Natasha Barnes distracted Bullseye in what direction Red Wolf ran while she secretly hid Red Wolf. In retaliation for Sheriff Rogers' death, Natasha Barnes and Red Wolf conspire against Mayor Fisk and receive help from the local apothecary Bruce Banner. As Red Wolf fights against Bullseye, Elektra, and Grizzly, he is aided by the local inventor Tony Stark in battle armor. Mayor Fisk then fights Red Wolf where he managed to", "id": "1040869" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nin the admixture of the North American wolf-like canids then its genetic signature would have been found in coyotes and wolves, which it has not. The Endangered Species Act provides protection to endangered species but does not provide protection for endangered admixed individuals even if these serve as reservoirs for extinct genetic variation. Researchers on both sides of the red wolf debate argue that admixed canids warrant full protection under this Act. The red wolf's appearance is typical of the genus \"Canis\", and is generally intermediate in size between the", "id": "6453765" }, { "contents": "Subspecies of Canis lupus\n\n\na species. The 38 subspecies of \"Canis lupus\" are listed in \"Mammal Species of the World\" (third edition) that was published in 2005, and in the Catalogue of Life. The nominate subspecies is the Eurasian wolf (\"Canis lupus lupus\"), also known as the common wolf. The subspecies includes the domestic dog, dingo, eastern wolf and red wolf. However, the classification of several as either species or subspecies has recently been challenged. Living subspecies recognized by \"MSW3\" and divided", "id": "6869441" }, { "contents": "About the Little Red Riding Hood\n\n\n. He locks her in a room, but she is saved by Lean Wolf and Fat Wolf, who are now dressed as stately women, but are waiting with a sack to snatch her up. Wolf Cub takes the sack and foils their plans. The cub tries to hint at Little Red Riding Hood that her grandmother is not truly ill, but she does not heed his advice and continues on her way, and again the two wolves attempt to catch her. However, Fat Wolf, has grown attached to Little Red", "id": "7599131" }, { "contents": "Ella Wolfe\n\n\nright. In 1966, Wolfe moved to the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, where she spent her time editing her husband's papers and providing eye witness accounts to researchers of the historic times in which she lived. Wolfe was consulted by researchers for the film \"Reds\". In 1910, Goldberg met Bertram Wolfe. They married in 1917. She became politically conservative and was a supporter of Ronald Reagan. She also became friends with Edward Teller, who was strongly anti-communist. Ella Goldberg Wolfe died age 103 on", "id": "13427566" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (bull)\n\n\nrides are also tracked in the \"90-point club,\" Red Wolf was in tenth place for the number of 90+ rides produced at the time. His last out was made at the 2000 PBR World Finals. In 1996 Red Wolf was voted the Bull of the Year at the NFR, the highest honor of the PRCA for an active bull. Unlike most other Brand of Honor bulls, he never achieved the PBR World Champion Bull title. In April 2016, Cody Lambert compared Red Wolf to current active PBR bull Stanley", "id": "19217628" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nthe eastern Canadian wolf. The study did not include the red wolf. In 2011, a study compared the genetic sequences of 48,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutations) taken from the genomes of canids from around the world. The comparison indicated that the red wolf was about 76% coyote and 24% gray wolf with hybridization having occurred 287–430 years ago. The eastern wolf was 58% gray wolf and 42% coyote with hybridization having occurred 546–963 years ago. The study rejected the theory of a common ancestry for the red and", "id": "6453750" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nThe red wolf (\"Canis lupus rufus\" or \"Canis rufus\") is a canine native to the southeastern United States. The subspecies is the product of ancient genetic admixture between a wolf and a coyote, however it is regarded as unique and therefore worthy of conservation by evolutionary biologists. Morphologically it is intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is of a reddish, tawny color. The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 currently does not provide protection for endangered admixed individuals and researchers argue that these should warrant full", "id": "6453721" }, { "contents": "Occupy Avengers\n\n\neventually gains the aid of Red Wolf of Earth-51920, who's the town deputy. They came across the company Oasis Spring Water that was pumping the underground water reservoir on the Sweet Medicine Indian Reservation. When Hawkeye and Red Wolf fight against the Oasis Spring Water's militia, they are attacked by Hydro-Man. As the unnamed boss of Oasis Spring Water interrogates them, Hawkeye and Red Wolf free themselves where Red Wolf defeated the militia. As Hawkeye fights Hydro-Man, the Fireheart cousins join the fight where Silas Fireheart", "id": "6691328" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\nThese adventures featured Johnny Wakely in issues #1-6 and Thomas Thunderhead in #7-9, both Red Wolf predecessors of William Talltrees. The Wakely version appeared in subsequent comic books about the Old West. The Thunderhead version, who lives in the 1970s, was never used again. In 1976, writer Tony Isabella made the Talltrees version and the superheroine Tigra a team in \"Marvel Chillers\" #3, 5 and 6. In the issue #7, Jim Shooter wrote a story where the two superheroes fought", "id": "1040844" }, { "contents": "Hoodwinked!\n\n\nand Red, Wolf, Granny, and the Woodsman are questioned by Detective Nicky Flippers (David Ogden Stiers) about the events leading up to the incident. Red explains that she was delivering goodies for her grandmother when she discovered a threat from the mysterious Goodie Bandit. Hoping to save her Granny's recipes, she embarked upon a journey to take them to the top of a nearby mountain where her Granny lives. On her way, she encountered the Wolf, who asked her a series of suspicious questions. She managed to", "id": "17213692" }, { "contents": "Elektra (comics)\n\n\nas a minion of Governor Roxxon alongside Bullseye, Grizzly, and Otto Octavius where they were first seen intimidating Judge Franklin Nelson into leaving town so that he wouldn't preside over Red Wolf's trial. Sheriff Steve Rogers and Red Wolf later fought the villains which ended with Otto Octavius being killed in battle, Bullseye killing Sheriff Rogers, and Natasha Barnes diverting the remaining villains in the other direction so that she can hide Red Wolf. Elektra and Grizzly later fought Red Wolf again where they end up defeated by him. In addition", "id": "9355149" }, { "contents": "The Red Wolf Conspiracy\n\n\nto ignite a civil war in the Mzithrin Empire to weaken them. Mr. Kett, who is really a sorcerer, is there to bring the banished Mzithrin King Shaggat back to power, not just to fight the current kings of the Mzithrin Empire, but to take over the world. As the ship comes to the haunted coast Mr. Kett leads an expedition out to the coast to find the Red Wolf where the Nilstone is hidden. Pazel, who has made his way to the haunted coast, is captured and made part of", "id": "13686523" }, { "contents": "Spirit Warriors: The Shortcut\n\n\nof themselves for their life (this is also where they got the missing piece of the agimat). While Red and Thor were in the Land of the Waves; Jigger, Ponce and Buboy found way back to their own world, The World of The Living. As Red had finally got the missing piece, they decided to go back with the group of elementary students who have died from a bus accident. But their mission does not end here, they still have to do a cat chase with the dead people in", "id": "6746831" }, { "contents": "Revolting Rhymes (film)\n\n\nnephews. Snow arrives at the house across the street to meet Red, who lives there with her two children. Despite concerns that their babysitter has not come, Red's daughter persuades her mother to leave her and her brother alone until Miss Hunt arrives. Red and Snow leave together with the wolf proceeding to the house in the guise of Miss Hunt. Red's children instantly see through the wolf's disguise; the daughter is shocked by his appearance while her brother is entertained by the wolf's jovial air. The wolf", "id": "6534162" }, { "contents": "Predation\n\n\nfable, predators such as the fox and wolf have mixed reputations. The fox was a symbol of fertility in ancient Greece, but a weather demon in northern Europe, and a creature of the devil in early Christianity; the fox is sly, greedy, and cunning in fables from Aesop onwards. The big bad wolf is known to children in tales such as \"Little Red Riding Hood\", but is a demonic figure in the Icelandic Edda sagas, where the wolf Fenrir appears in the apocalyptic ending of the world.", "id": "12364998" }, { "contents": "African golden wolf\n\n\nNasser, it lives close to the lakeshore. In 2012, African golden wolves were photographed in Morocco's Azilal Province at an elevation of 1,800 metres. It apparently does well in areas where human density is high and natural prey populations low, as is the case in the Enderta district in northern Ethiopia. This wolf has been reported in the very dry Danakil Depression desert on the coast of Eritrea, in eastern Africa. In West Africa, the African golden wolf mostly confines itself to small prey, such as hares, rats", "id": "11123321" }, { "contents": "Terror at Red Wolf Inn\n\n\nWolf Inn will continue, and apparently Regina is the new chef. \"TV Guide\" awarded the film one out of four stars, but added that it is a \"gruesome parody...Creepy and witty in all the right spots, [\"Terror at Red Wolf Inn\"] is no masterwork, but it does have some merit as part of the subgenre of family horror.\" Film critic James Arena wrote of the film: \"Packed tighter than a sardine can with cannibalism innuendos, some of this movie's dialogue", "id": "18084497" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nC. rufus\" from \"C. lupus\" would have been unlikely. The taxonomic reference \"Catalogue of Life\" classifies the red wolf as a subspecies of \"Canis lupus\". The mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft, writing in \"Mammal Species of the World\" (2005), regards the red wolf as a hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote, but due to its uncertain status compromised by recognizing it as a subspecies of the grey wolf \"Canis lupus rufus\". When European settlers first arrived to North America,", "id": "6453731" }, { "contents": "Nero Wolfe\n\n\ndine with the Ten for Aristology (a group of epicures) in \"Poison à la Carte\". Wolfe does not, however, enjoy visiting restaurants (with the occasional exception of Rusterman's, owned for a time by Wolfe's best friend Marco Vukcic and later subject to Wolfe's trusteeship). In \"The Red Box\" (chapter 11), Wolfe states, \"I know nothing of restaurants; short of compulsion, I would not eat in one were Vatel himself the chef.\" Wolfe appears to know", "id": "14267448" }, { "contents": "Little Red Riding Hood\n\n\ncloset instead of being eaten and some have Little Red Riding Hood saved by the lumberjack as the wolf advances on her rather than after she gets eaten, where the woodcutter kills the wolf with his axe. The tale makes the clearest contrast between the safe world of the village and the dangers of the forest, conventional antitheses that are essentially medieval, though no written versions are as old as that. It also warns about the dangers of not obeying one's mother (at least in Grimms' version). The most iconic", "id": "7190231" }, { "contents": "Bertram Wolfe\n\n\nunderground CPA held in Bridgman, Michigan, for which he was indicted under Michigan's \"criminal syndicalism\" law. In 1923, Wolfe departed for Mexico, where he became active in the trade union movement there. He became a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist Party of Mexico and was a delegate of that organization to the 5th World Congress of the Communist International, held in Moscow in 1924. Wolfe was also a leading member the Red International of Labor Unions (Profintern) from 1924 to 1928, sitting on", "id": "8487504" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (bull)\n\n\n, was the first time a bull riding incident resulted in the death of a bull rider at an NFR when Brent Thurman was stomped on and killed by Red Wolf. At the time, Red Wolf weighed , a very large bull. Halfway into the ride, Thurman was bucked off and became entangled in his leather rigging. The rigging pulled him underneath Red Wolf's hooves where he was stomped about his neck and head. Thurman, unconscious, was dispatched to University Medical Center with severe cranial and facial fractures. He died", "id": "19217622" }, { "contents": "Coyote\n\n\nThe coyote (from Nahuatl \"coyōtl\" ), prairie wolf or brush wolf, \"Canis latrans\", is a canine native to North America. It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the American jackal by zoologists. The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for", "id": "6815504" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\nwere swiftly defeated by Oasis Spring Water's ally Hydro-Man. As they are interrogated by the unnamed boss of Oasis Spring Water, Hawkeye and Red Wolf managed to get themselves untied where Red Wolf defeated the militia while Hawkeye defeated Hydro-Man, with help from the Fireheart cousins. Afterwards, the two of them notified the authorities so that they can deal with Oasis Spring Water. Later in Chicago, Hawkeye and Red Wolf team up with Nighthawk and Nightshade after finding barrels of epidurium, a synthetic skin used to build", "id": "1040872" }, { "contents": "Wolf 1061\n\n\nWolf 1061 (also known as HIP 80824 and V2306 Ophiuchi) is an M class red dwarf star located about 14.1 light years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. It is the 36th closest known star system to the Sun and has a relatively high proper motion of 1.2 seconds of arc per year. Like many red dwarfs, it most likely has a long rotation period of more than 100 days, although it is difficult to measure accurately. Wolf 1061 does not have any unusual spectroscopic features. The star was first cataloged in 1919", "id": "19665105" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (bull)\n\n\nRed Wolf was 11 years old. Dunn said, \"He had great days and he had good days. He never had bad days.\" At the 2000 PBR World Finals, Red Wolf gave up two qualified rides for his final two rides in his career. Pete Hessman rode him for 90 points, and Red Wolf received a bull score of 45 points. Jaron Nunnemaker rode him for 89.5 points, with a 44-point bull score. These would be considered outstanding bull scores for a young bull, let alone a bull", "id": "19217620" }, { "contents": "Indian wolf\n\n\nbe reclassified as a separate species \"Canis indica\". In 2016, a study of the mDNA of both modern and ancient wolves indicated that the Indian gray wolf and the Himalayan wolf were genetically basal when compared with all other grey wolves. The taxonomic reference \"Mammal Species of the World\" (2005) does not recognize \"Canis indica\", however NCBI/Genbank does list \"Canis lupus indica\". The Indian wolf is similar in structure to the European wolf, but is smaller, more slightly built, and", "id": "10926668" }, { "contents": "African golden wolf\n\n\nreligion's creation myth, where it is viewed as the first living creature created by Roog, the Supreme God and Creator. In one aspect, it can be viewed as an Earth-diver sent to Earth by Roog, in another, as a fallen prophet for disobeying the laws of the divine. The wolf was the first intelligent creature on earth, and it is believed that it will remain on earth after human beings have returned to the divine. The Serers believe that, not only does it know in advance who", "id": "11123331" }, { "contents": "The Windblown Hare\n\n\nwooden house over Bugs' objections. That prompts the Bunny to deliver payback to the Wolf. To get revenge on the Wolf, Bugs dresses up as Little Red Riding Hood and skips down the roadway. He meets the Wolf sitting under a tree, reading the end of the story. The Wolf asks the \"girl\" where she is going and Bugs flips the Wolf's book a few pages. The Wolf then speed-reads \"Little Red Riding Hood\" until he realizes that he is behind schedule for \"that", "id": "13530003" }, { "contents": "Himalayan wolf\n\n\ntaxon \"laniger\" Hodgson 1847. The wolves living in the Trans-Himalaya region have unique haplotypes, do not cluster phylogenetically with other grey wolves, were basal to all other wolves and are closer to the jackal. This indicates that these are the descendants of an ancient wolf distribution and the taxonomic classification of \"Canis himalayensis\" or \"Canis lupus himalayensis\". are proposed. The taxonomic reference \"Mammal Species of the World\" does not recognize \"Canis himalayensis\", however NCBI/Genbank lists \"Canis lupus himalayensis", "id": "12073712" }, { "contents": "Hoodwinked!\n\n\nlinear crime dramas for inspiration instead. Producer Preston Stutzman explained that \"The whole film is about surprises and secret lives.\" Not wanting Red to be \"boring\" or \"too innocent\", she was patterned on James Dean and given the desire of leaving home to find her way in the world. Todd Edwards had the idea of basing the Wolf on Chevy Chase's character in \"Fletch\", feeling that it would be fun to apply the character's dry, deadpan style of humor to an animated wolf,", "id": "17213708" }, { "contents": "The Price of Gold\n\n\nthe outer world.\" The episode was included in \"Reawakened: A Once Upon a Time Tale\" – a novelization of the first season – which was published by Hyperion Books in 2013. Emma is stated to have lived in Tallahassee for two years, which is a reference to the \"Lost\" episode \"The Man from Tallahassee\". Ruby's car contains a wolf charm, a reference to her character Red Riding Hood's traditional enemy the Big Bad Wolf. Henry is seen reading an issue of \"Ultimate Wolverine", "id": "5979588" }, { "contents": "Red Hot Riding Hood\n\n\nnow portrayed as an adult) is an attractive performer in a Hollywood nightclub under the stage name \"Red Hot Riding Hood\", and the Big Bad Wolf, now a Hollywood swinger, follows Red to the club where she is performing. Red performs onstage (a rendition of the 1941 classic hit song \"Daddy\" by Bobby Troup) and the wolf goes mad with desire. He brings her to his table and tries wooing her, but she wants nothing to do with him. Red escapes the Wolf, saying she", "id": "5332368" }, { "contents": "Red Riding Hoodwinked\n\n\nde-emphasized. The wolf character would re-appear in \"Hare-Less Wolf\", albeit designed differently and given the name Charles M. Wolf. The story begins much like the classic fairy tale, with Red Riding Hood off to see her grandmother, who lives in the woods. The present she plans to bring her grandmother is Tweety (in his cage). Sylvester sees Red's cargo and immediately begins going after her, his primary interest being Tweety. Red boards the bus, but Sylvester continues after her", "id": "19207973" }, { "contents": "Louise Dahl-Wolfe\n\n\none of the iconic photographs from Louise Dahl-Wolfe. The cover shows a young lady in front of the reception of American Red Cross Blood Donation clinic. She is styling chicly in an elegant navy suit, white blouse, black gloves, a cloche hat with long waves in her hair and holding a red bag with matching lipstick. The young woman looks either waiting to go inside to donate or about to leave the Red Cross blood donor room. The expression on her face is nonchalant with a suggestion that she does not", "id": "18723512" }, { "contents": "Little Rural Riding Hood\n\n\ninviting him to meet the city's equivalent of his Red (the same version seen in \"Red Hot Riding Hood\"). Upon seeing her photograph, the country wolf immediately falls in love with her and departs for the city. Unlike his cousin, the city wolf is rich \"and\" more suave and sophisticated. The city wolf takes his cousin to the club where the city's Red performs her dance routine (this scene was borrowed from \"Swing Shift Cinderella\"). The country wolf whistles and leers throughout", "id": "14578709" }, { "contents": "Little Red Riding Hood\n\n\ntranslation). In the Grimms' version, her mother had ordered her to stay strictly on the path. A Big Bad Wolf wants to eat the girl and the food in the basket. He secretly stalks her behind trees, bushes, shrubs, and patches of little and tall grass. He approaches Little Red Riding Hood, who naively tells him where she is going. He suggests that the girl pick some flowers as a present for her grandmother, which she does. In the meantime, he goes to the grandmother", "id": "7190227" }, { "contents": "Nero Wolfe supporting characters\n\n\nfields phone calls and follows Wolfe's instructions regarding callers at the front door, but his involvement in business is limited to taking messages (and serving drinks and snacks to clients in Wolfe's office). When Wolfe does not want his own and Archie's movements to be known, he arranges for Fritz to be able to claim truthfully that he does not know where they are or when they will return. In the Columbia Pictures feature film \"Meet Nero Wolfe\" (1936), the character of Fritz was transformed into", "id": "16924913" }, { "contents": "Into the Woods\n\n\n. Lapine revised the script slightly for this production, with a cameo appearance of the \"Three Little Pigs\" restored from the earlier San Diego production. Other changes, apart from numerous small dialogue changes, included the addition of the song \"Our Little World,\" a duet for the Witch and Rapunzel written for the first London production, the addition of a second wolf in the song \"Hello Little Girl\" who competes for Little Red's attention with the first Wolf, the portrayal of Jack's cow by a live", "id": "15464224" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\nthis Red Wolf was placed in the mainstream Marvel Universe and has a difficult time remembering his past life. He becomes the deputy of a Santa Rosa Police Department, but later agrees to go with Clint Barton on a cross country trip to help those in need and to find out more about himself in the \"Occupy Avengers\" book. Wildrun is the Red Wolf of the 19th century in the Wild West. In order for the Cheyenne to have a place to live, he drove the Sioux away from the plains. Kang", "id": "1040851" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\ncub that he named Lobo and trained to be his companion. Following the two criminals back to New York, he was able to gain vengeance on them with the aid of the Avengers. Alongside Tigra, Red Wolf battled the Super-Skrull and the Rat Pack. Alongside Phantom Rider III, Firebird, Texas Twister, and Shooting Star, he battled the Hulk, and rescued Rick Jones from the Corruptor. Red Wolf joined these other four heroes as part of the first incarnation of the short-lived superhero team, the", "id": "1040857" }, { "contents": "Himalayan wolf\n\n\nbe the descendant of a genetically admixed canid of 72% grey wolf and 28% Ethiopian wolf ancestry. The Ethiopian wolf is native to the Ethiopian Highlands. The Ethiopian wolf does not share the same single-nucleotide polymorphisms that confer hypoxia adaptation with the Himalayan wolf. The adaptation of the Ethiopian wolf to living in high altitudes may occur at other single-nucleotide polymorphism locations. This indicates that the Ethiopian wolf's adaptation has not been inherited by descent from a common ancestor shared with the Himalayan wolf. It is proposed that", "id": "12073726" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nas part of the captive breeding management plan. St. Vincent Island in Florida is currently the only active island propagation site. Given their wide historical distribution, red wolves probably used a large suite of habitat types at one time. The last naturally occurring population used coastal prairie marshes, swamps, and agricultural fields used to grow rice and cotton. However, this environment probably does not typify preferred red wolf habitat. Some evidence shows the species was found in highest numbers in the once extensive bottom-land river forests and swamps of", "id": "6453775" }, { "contents": "The Red Box\n\n\nestate and especially the contents of a certain red box. Wolfe is at first concerned about a possible conflict of interest, but feels unable to refuse when the man dies in his office before telling Wolfe where to find the red box. The police naturally think that he told Wolfe somewhat more before dying. This novel presents the series' first instance of a murder taking place in Wolfe's office. Molly Lauck, a beautiful model, has died after eating a poisoned Jordan almond, and wealthy socialite Llewellyn Frost has hired Nero", "id": "4524938" }, { "contents": "Wolf 1061d\n\n\nWolf 1061d or WL 1061d is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf star Wolf 1061 in the Ophiuchus constellation, about 13.8 light years from Earth. It is the third and furthest planet in order from its host star in a triple planetary system, and has an orbital period of about 217 days. Wolf 1061d is known as a Super-Earth, with a mass significantly greater than that of Earth, but less than the ice giants Uranus and Neptune. However, because it was found with the radial velocity method and does not", "id": "12351920" }, { "contents": "Hartford Wolf Pack\n\n\nseason. Global Spectrum, the group now marketing the team and managers of the XL Center arena, announced in May 2013 that the franchise had officially returned to the Hartford Wolf Pack identity. Although the Wolf Pack does not officially acknowledge its past in Providence and Binghamton (or the Reds' four Calder Cups), it is the only AHL team to have never missed a season since the league's founding in 1936. In one form or another, the franchise has iced a team every year since 1926. The Wolf Pack", "id": "3107993" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nthe southeastern United States. Red wolves reintroduced into northeastern North Carolina have used habitat types ranging from agricultural lands to forest/wetland mosaics characterized by an overstory of pine and an understory of evergreen shrubs. This suggests that red wolves are habitat generalists and can thrive in most settings where prey populations are adequate and persecution by humans is slight. Before the arrival of Europeans, the red wolf featured prominently in Cherokee mythology, where it is known as \"wa'ya\" (ᏩᏯ), said to be the companion of Kana'ti the hunter", "id": "6453776" }, { "contents": "Shaun Ellis (wolf researcher)\n\n\n, in \"The Man Who Lives with Wolves\", to have spent two years living as a member of a wild wolf pack in Idaho - although this claim does not appear to have peer-reviewed support. Ellis has spent much of his adult life studying and living with wolves and has learned to communicate with them through scent and sound. He used to live directly outside the wolf enclosure at Combe Martin Wildlife Park, so that he could be in close proximity to the wolves at all times. The research projects Ellis", "id": "832219" }, { "contents": "Bullseye (comics)\n\n\nWilson Fisk into killing Red Wolf. While Sheriff Rogers was able to incapacitate Bullseye following Octavius's death, he briefly recovers where he manages to shoot Sheriff Rogers starting to expose Mayor Fisk's corruption. When Red Wolf faces off against Bullseye, Elektra, and Grizzly again, Red Wolf manages to defeat the three villains. In \"Old Man Hawkeye\", a prequel to the \"Old Man Logan\" comic, Bullseye appears as a Marshal who works for the Red Skull and goes against his superior's orders to track down", "id": "10096763" }, { "contents": "Invasive species\n\n\nto lower pollen counts and lower viability of the native species. Reduction in fitness is not always apparent from morphological observations alone. Some degree of gene flow is normal, and preserves constellations of genes and genotypes. An example of this is the interbreeding of migrating coyotes with the red wolf, in areas of eastern North Carolina where the red wolf was reintroduced. The end result was a decrease in stable breeding pairs of red wolf, which may further complicate the social stability of packs and reintroduction efforts. History is rife with the", "id": "18785695" }, { "contents": "The Golden Spiders: A Nero Wolfe Mystery\n\n\nin 3.2 million homes, making it the fourth most-watched A&E original movie ever. Its success led to the A&E original series \"A Nero Wolfe Mystery\" (2001–2002). The voice of Archie Goodwin (Timothy Hutton) introduces us to the seventh-of-a-ton master sleuth Nero Wolfe (Maury Chaykin) — \"a man who thinks he's the world's greatest detective. Truth being, he is.\" Wolfe lives in an opulent Manhattan brownstone on West 35th Street, where he enjoys reading", "id": "2265972" }, { "contents": "Bertram Wolfe\n\n\nSpanish Civil War. By 1940, the Wolfes were living in Provincetown, Massachusetts where they befriended Alfred Kazin and introduced him to Mary McCarthy and the writers of the Partisan Review. The CP(O) meanwhile moved further away from the left and went through several name changes finally becoming the Independent Labor League of America in 1938 before dissolving at the end of 1940 in part because of a break between Lovestone and Wolfe on their interpretation of World War II - with Lovestone favoring American intervention and Wolfe opposing support for what he argued was an", "id": "8487511" }, { "contents": "Wolf O'Donnell\n\n\nis a magenta-colored ovoid, instead of a sky blue-colored hexagon. Finally, Wolf's Landmaster has greater firepower and mobility compared to Fox and Falco's, but at the cost of a shorter duration. It also features a red and gray color scheme akin to the Wolfen's, instead of the standard blue and white. Although Wolf did not return in a playable capacity in \"Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS\" and \"Wii U\", he does so in \"Super Smash Bros. Ultimate\".", "id": "12869833" }, { "contents": "Red Dog (Kipling short story)\n\n\nthe feral child is about 16 years old and living contentedly with his wolves in the Seeonee jungle, when the peace is disturbed by 'Won-tolla', a solitary wolf whose mate and cubs have been killed by dholes, who warns the Seeonee wolves that the dhole-pack will soon overrun their territory. Later that night, Mowgli meets Kaa, the huge old python, and tells him the news. Kaa does not believe that Mowgli and the pack will survive a direct attack by the dholes, and enters a", "id": "22220371" }, { "contents": "Guitar Wolf\n\n\ndivision. Guitar Wolf has released thirteen studio albums internationally as well as a live album, numerous singles, and a retrospective compilation called \"Golden Black.\" The band members have also been featured in two B-grade science fiction horror movies: \"Wild Zero\" and \"Sore Losers.\" A collection of Guitar Wolf's most popular videos and live performances have been compiled into a limited edition DVD titled \"Red Idol\". Guitar Wolf is a staple at music festivals in their native Japan, and typically embark on", "id": "11295907" }, { "contents": "Little Red Riding Hood\n\n\n, the wolf was also known to ask her to remove her clothing and toss it into the fire. In some versions, the wolf eats the girl after she gets into bed with him, and the story ends there. In others, she sees through his disguise and tries to escape, complaining to her \"grandmother\" that she needs to defecate and would not wish to do so in the bed. The wolf reluctantly lets her go, tied to a piece of string so she does not get away. However,", "id": "7190242" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (bull)\n\n\n(BLC), the elite circuit of the PBR. Red Wolf had an extremely long career compared to other high level bucking bulls. He qualified for six consecutive PBR World Finals. His BLC career buckoff percentage was 58.97. In 39 outs, he gave up 16 qualified rides, including seven round wins. His average bull score at the end was 45.54 points. As of the end of 2013, Red Wolf was among the top 20 bulls in PBR history for average bull score and average ride score. Since 90 point", "id": "19217627" }, { "contents": "Goldilocks and the Jivin' Bears\n\n\nthe Three Bears' house, Goldilocks tries all the beds and lies down in the best one, only to find the wolf in bed with her. The wolf chases Goldilocks through the house until the Three Bears return. Finding Goldilocks and the wolf struggling in the living room, they shout \"Jitterbugs!\" and begin playing a dance tune. The wolf and Goldilocks dance the jitterbug until the wolf is exhausted and flees to Grandma's house. Red Riding Hood returns to find the wolf in Grandma's bed, but the", "id": "17323907" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (comics)\n\n\n-traveling Surveyor who was planning to get a claim on the Roxxon Silver Mines. During their battle, Red Wolf's knife struck the Surveyor's time-traveling equipment which sent the two of them to Santa Rosa on Earth-616. Following the \"Civil War II\" storyline, Red Wolf had an encounter with Hawkeye where they were investigating the company Oasis Spring Water which was harvesting the underground water reservoir on the property of the Sweet Medicine Indian Reservation. When they attacked the militia that was associated with Oasis Spring Water, they", "id": "1040871" }, { "contents": "Little Red Riding Hood\n\n\nbeing deceived into giving a wolf she encountered the information he needed to find her grandmother's house successfully and eat the old woman while at the same time avoiding being noticed by woodcutters working in the nearby forest. Then he proceeded to lay a trap for the Red Riding Hood. Little Red Riding Hood ends up being asked to climb into the bed before being eaten by the wolf, where the story ends. The wolf emerges the victor of the encounter and there is no happy ending. Charles Perrault explained the 'moral'", "id": "7190246" }, { "contents": "Overlord: Dark Legend\n\n\nthe world. He visits the nearby town of Meadowsweet, where he meets a bard named Nym, who asks him to kill the local wolves encroaching on the town. The Overlord kills them, and returns to town to meet a little girl in a red hood, who asks him to take her to her grandma's house in the forest. The Overlord escorts the little girl, to find the girl is a wolf queen. After slaying the wolf queen, the Overlord learns from the children he freed that they have seen", "id": "19474213" }, { "contents": "The Silver Wolf\n\n\ninto the World of the Dead to find a cure for him before it is too late. On one of those many trips, she meets three wolves - one black, one gray and one red. Unknown to her, the gray wolf whom she desires is Maeniel, her future husband and lord. On first sight, they both fall in love. A few days later, Maeniel pays an unannounced visit to Lucilla's villa, where he drowns his future bride with more than a king's ransom of wealth. After", "id": "20027395" }, { "contents": "Little Rural Riding Hood\n\n\nas she holds up a cliché moonshine bottle) to her grandma, who lives on a country farm. At the farmhouse, a wolf (voiced by Pinto Colvig) reveals himself to the audience, but confesses that he doesn't want to eat Red. He's actually in love with her and wishes to kiss her. After a comical chase around the farmhouse, the wolf catches Red, and both prepare to kiss each other when a telegram arrives for the wolf from his city cousin (voiced by Daws Butler),", "id": "14578708" }, { "contents": "Masque of the Red Death and Other Tales\n\n\ngraphically, \"the Ravenloft campaign remains the most conservative horror RPG on the market; compared to the in-your-face White Wolf line, the Ravenloft setting is about as visually compelling as the \"Cryptkeeper\" cartoon series. [...] Though the referee screen does a nice job of displaying the tables, the posters don't amount to much. One features a more or less standard map of the world, intended, I guess, for those who don't have access to an atlas. The other depicts the", "id": "10782852" }, { "contents": "The Big Bad Wolf (1934 film)\n\n\nThey end up encountering Goldilocks the Fairy Queen, who is soon revealed, thanks to a branch breaking, to be the Big Bad Wolf in disguise. Fiddler and Fifer run home, whilst Little Red Riding Hood escapes from the Wolf. The Big Bad Wolf, however, isn't giving up on getting dinner, and goes to Grandma's house, where he chases Grandma into the closet and gets in bed disguised as her. Little Red Riding Hood arrives and after the expected \"what big eyes/nose/mouth you", "id": "18472101" }, { "contents": "Child of the Moon\n\n\nonce looked like this? and Anita, Red Riding Hood's bloodthirsty, feather-loving mama wolf. (Age-inappropriate casting alert! Annabeth Gish, who played Anita, is only 11 years older than Meghan Ory, who portrays her onscreen daughter.) Between those three and all the knights who got their necks snapped in the Wolf Pack's secret furry lair, tonight's Once had a bigger body count than usual. No matter what she does, death seems to follow Red like the train of her signature cloak", "id": "14158478" }, { "contents": "Red Light Radio\n\n\nRed Light Radio is an online radio station and international music platform based in Amsterdam’s Red Light District. Since 2010 Red Light Radio broadcasts daily shows of local and international artists, does parties & concerts and collaborations with festivals, museums & other cultural partners all over the world. All radio shows can be heard live at www.redlightradio.net and the mobile app. The main goal of the station is spreading underground music gems. The station broadcasts approximately 40 different live shows every week. These are streamed live and are available on demand on", "id": "18540390" }, { "contents": "Mummy: The Resurrection\n\n\nMummy: The Resurrection is a role-playing game released by White Wolf Game Studios, where the players assume the role of resurrected mummies living in the modern world. \"Mummy: The Resurrection\" introduces the Amenti, a new style of mummy instead of those presented in earlier World of Darkness products. In 1999, a catastrophic storm (the Sixth Maelstrom, a major event in White Wolf's metaplot) shook the Underworld and - among other things - woke Osiris from his long slumber. Osiris took a glimpse at the", "id": "3577639" }, { "contents": "The Golden Spiders: A Nero Wolfe Mystery\n\n\nthe money. Tell him to find the guy who ran me down.\" After Mrs. Drossos leaves, Wolfe tells Archie to return Pete's money — $4.30 — or give it to the Red Cross. Archie refuses and instead drafts a newspaper ad directed at the woman Pete saw at the wheel of the Cadillac. Archie is sure the ad will never be answered, but it will give Wolfe the feeling that he has earned his fee. But the ad does draw Inspector Cramer (Bill Smitrovich) of Manhattan Homicide,", "id": "2265977" }, { "contents": "Star-Crossed Lovers\n\n\n, tries to convince her not to become a communist. During the Second World War, Michael is sent a penal battalion on the Eastern Front, where he meets Jürgen again as a commanding officer. Michael overpowers him, defects to the Red Army and returns to the battalion once more to convince the soldiers to surrender, thus saving their lives. He reaches Moscow, where he sees Magdalena board a plane. He tries to call out for her, but she does not hear him. They will never meet again. The", "id": "4304541" }, { "contents": "Subspecies of Canis lupus\n\n\nThe eastern wolf has two proposals over its origin. One is that the eastern wolf is a distinct species (\"C. lycaon\") that evolved in North America, as opposed to the gray wolf that evolved in the Old World, and is related to the red wolf. The other is that it is derived from admixture between gray wolves which inhabited the Great Lakes area and coyotes, forming a hybrid that was classified as a distinct species by mistake. The taxonomic reference \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd edition", "id": "6869454" }, { "contents": "Gregory's wolf\n\n\nGregory's wolf (\"Canis lupus gregoryi\"), also known as the Mississippi Valley wolf, is a subspecies of the gray wolf. It was declared extinct in 1980. It once roamed the regions in and around the lower Mississippi River basin. This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of \"Canis lupus\" in the taxonomic authority \"Mammal Species of the World (2005)\". At one time this canid was proposed by some authors as a subspecies of the red wolf. This subspecies is described as being larger", "id": "6866468" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\nthe main factor limiting wolf dispersal westward from the RWEPA. High anthropogenic wolf mortality similarly limits expansion of eastern wolves outside of protected areas in south-eastern Canada. By 2016, the red wolf population of North Carolina had declined to 45-60 wolves. The largest cause of this decline was gunshot. In June 2018, the USFWS announced a proposal that would limit the wolves' safe range to only Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge where only about 35 wolves remain, thus allowing hunting on private land. In November 2018,", "id": "6453791" }, { "contents": "Grimmtastic Girls\n\n\nin Cinderella's story. He is described as a tall boy with wavy hair. He is first introduced in \"Cinderella Stays Late\", where he is the other new kid besides Cinda. He is polite and wants to do what is right. He does not appear to know about E.V.I.L or what they are doing. He is on the masketball team and he has a crush on Cinda. Wolfgang is the big bad wolf in Little Red Riding Hood's story. He is first shown in \"Cinderella Stays Late\"", "id": "9949338" }, { "contents": "Red Wolf (bull)\n\n\neight of those scores (more than half of them) occurred Friday night in Round 2. And of those eight scores, five of those were 94 points or higher. Two-time PBR World Champion Chris Shivers rode PRCA Bull of the Year Trick or Treat for 96 points. Two-time PRCA World Champion Terry Don West rode PBR World Champion Bull Promise Land for 96 points as well. Nine-time PRCA World Champion holder (7 all-around and 2 bull riding) Ty Murray rode Red Wolf for 95.5", "id": "19217625" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\n) associated with Lactate dehydrogenase could be found in red wolves but not dogs and coyotes. The study suggests that this allele survives in the red wolf. The study did not compare gray wolves for the existence of this allele. Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) passes along the maternal line and can date back thousands of years. In 1991, a study of red wolf mDNA indicates that red wolf genotypes match those known to belong to the gray wolf or the coyote. The study concluded that the red wolf is either a wolf ×", "id": "6453746" }, { "contents": "Tokyo Red Hood\n\n\nlocked deep within her consciousness. The beings of the world are mainly made up of two forces. The people who aid Akazukin in her search for Mr. Wolf, and the people who try to keep Akazukin away from Mr. Wolf. The people of the church and disciples of God try to keep Akazukin from completing her mission to meet Mr. Wolf. Their reason for doing this is because if Akazukin is eaten by the Wolf, it would bring along an end to the world and humankind as it exists in the present day.", "id": "831171" }, { "contents": "List of Monster characters\n\n\n) and sent him to 511 Kinderheim. Although a member of the right-wing organization whose goal is to make Johan the leader of Germany, Wolf does not actually want to make Johan a modern-day Führer. His family and acquaintances have been killed by Johan, teaching him true loneliness. Wolf asks Tenma to kill Johan for him. Tenma encounters Wolf again on his deathbed after the destruction of the Red Rose Mansion; before he dies, he begs Tenma to speak his name as proof he existed. is a", "id": "1596029" }, { "contents": "Wolf's Rain\n\n\nlegend, when the end of the world comes, a place known as Paradise will appear. However, only wolves will know how to find it. Although wolves are believed to have been hunted to extinction nearly two hundred years ago, they still exist, surviving by casting illusions over themselves to make them appear human. Freeze City is a northern human city in a world where the majority of people live in poverty and hardship. Kiba, an injured lone white wolf, goes to Freeze City following the scent of the Lunar", "id": "11464795" }, { "contents": "Wolf Hollow (book)\n\n\nwho lives on a farm with her family and walks with her two younger brothers to school in the town of Wolf Hollow. A new girl, Betty Glengarry, started attending the same school earlier, in October 1943; she was sent to Wolf Hollow to live with her grandparents because, as rumor has it, she has been deemed 'incorrigible' by the city. One morning, Betty confronts Annabelle on their way to school, threatening to beat Annabelle or her younger brothers if Annabelle does not give her something nice;", "id": "7098350" }, { "contents": "Eastern wolf\n\n\na definition for a number of the terms that it used, such as \"ecotype\". In 2011, a study compared the genetic sequences of 48,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutations) taken from the genomes of canids from around the world. The comparison indicated that the red wolf was about 76% coyote and 24% gray wolf with hybridization having occurred 287–430 years ago. The eastern wolf – which was referred to as the \"Great Lakes\" wolf in this study – was 58% gray wolf and 42% coyote with", "id": "14038123" }, { "contents": "Little Red Riding Rabbit\n\n\n, Three Little Pigs and its later spinoff, The Big Bad Wolf, the latter of which also incorporated the story of Little Red Riding Hood. Like other Bugs Bunny shorts released during World War II, this film features \"a more violent rabbit with a more sadistic and mocking agenda\". This was not the only depiction of Little Red Riding Hood in an animated short. Others include \"Little Red Riding Hood\" (1922) and \"The Big Bad Wolf\" (1934) by Walt Disney, and \"Little", "id": "4978570" }, { "contents": "Wolf Krakowski\n\n\nWolf Krakowski (born 1947) is a Yiddish-speaking songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He was born at Saalfelden Farmach, an Austrian camp for displaced persons, where his parents, who were Polish Jews who survived the Holocaust in Russia, lived for a short while after World War II. Soon afterwards they moved to Sweden, and the small town of Eskilstuna, where the family stayed until 1954 when they moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As a young man Krakowski took to the road, working with the", "id": "9322536" }, { "contents": "Red Riding Hoodlum\n\n\nwolf and soon realize that their trip is occurring just like the original Red Riding Hood story. While the wolf takes a shortcut, Knothead & Splinter take a \"short-shortcut\" to get to Granny's house first. But along the way, Knothead & Splinter encounter the homes of The Three Little Pigs, The Three Bears and the Old Woman Who Lived In A Shoe, before Smokey Bear informs the two that the next house is Granny's. Knothead & Splinter convince Granny to read them the story of Little Red", "id": "12597842" }, { "contents": "Red wolf\n\n\n. In 1851 the naturalists John James Audubon and John Bachman recognized \"Canis lupus rufus\" in the southern and southeastern United States. In 1937 the zoologist Edward Alphonso Goldman proposed this wolf to be a new species \"Canis rufus\". In 1967, the zoologists Barbara Lawrence and William H. Bossert rebutted Goldman's classification as being too heavily based on probable hybrid specimens. In the third edition of \"Mammal Species of the World\" published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed the red wolf as a hybrid of the", "id": "6453725" }, { "contents": "Revolting Rhymes\n\n\nnarrator treating the reader as the Mother Bear). After the end, the narrator says that they prefer an ending where the three bears come back and eat Goldilocks. In \"Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf\", the wolf enters the grandmother's house and devours her before putting on her clothes to eat Little Red Riding Hood next. Riding Hood is not disturbed, however, and calmly pulls a pistol out of her underwear and shoots the wolf on the head – yielding her a new wolfskin coat. In \"", "id": "11260881" }, { "contents": "Little Red Riding Rabbit\n\n\nof \"Five O'Clock Whistle\" in the opening to establish this fact, Bugs pops out of her basket to ask where she's going. She replies that she's going to \"bring a little bunny rabbit to [her] grandma ta HAVE.\" With this part of the story set up, the wolf is now introduced. The wolf switches a \"Shortcut to Grandma's\" sign, so that Red has to take an unnecessarily long mountain path, while the wolf uses the genuine shortcut – literally a few short", "id": "4978561" }, { "contents": "Thomas Wolfe\n\n\nWilliam Oliver Wolfe (1851–1922) and Julia Elizabeth Westall (1860–1945). His siblings were sister Leslie E. Wolfe (1885–1886), Effie Nelson Wolfe (1887–1950), Frank Cecil Wolfe (1888–1956), Mabel Elizabeth Wolfe (1890–1958), Grover Cleveland Wolfe (1892–1904), Benjamin Harrison Wolfe (1892–1918), and Frederick William Wolfe (1894–1980). Six of the children lived to adulthood. The Wolfes lived at 92 Woodfin Street, where Tom was born. His father, a successful stone carver, ran a gravestone", "id": "4258081" } ]

[ { "contents": "Sport in Sheffield\n\n\nF.C. still play the world's oldest derby. They are currently both in the Northern Counties East League Premier Division. Sheffield still has a number of local cricket teams, including Sheffield United Cricket Club, Shiregreen Cricket Club, Hallam Cricket Club and Sheffield Collegiate CC. Most of which play in the South Yorkshire Cricket League. Sheffield Steelers are an ice hockey team who play their home matches at Sheffield Arena. They were formed in 1991 and rapidly rose up the leagues to the British Premier League (now called the Elite League)", "id": "18398955" }, { "contents": "Liverpool F.C.\n\n\nof the few local derbies which do not enforce fan segregation, and hence has been known as the \"friendly derby\". Since the mid-1980s, the rivalry has intensified both on and off the field and, since the inception of the Premier League in 1992, the Merseyside derby has had more players sent off than any other Premier League game. It has been referred to as \"the most ill-disciplined and explosive fixture in the Premier League\". Liverpool's rivalry with Manchester United stems from the cities' competition in", "id": "18304714" }, { "contents": "FC Derby\n\n\nFutebol Clube Derby (short form: FC Derby, second name: Derby São Vicente) is a football club that had played in the Premier division and the São Vicente Island League in Cape Verde and is Cape Verde's only affiliate of FC Porto and the oldest affiliate in the whole of Africa. It is based in the city of Mindelo on the island of São Vicente. It is the second team of the regional league who won the most titles after independence especially in the 1960s and the 1970s. Its current president is", "id": "5795879" }, { "contents": "Cairo derby\n\n\nderby is played twice each season with 2 matches in the Egyptian Premier League, but it is not uncommon to find the teams meeting each other in the Egypt Cup, especially in the final, and in Africa's most prestigious club competition, the CAF Champions League. Ever since their creation, both clubs have been the top clubs in the Egyptian Premier League, the country's top-flight football league. In the first half of the twentieth century. They won their first league title when the Egyptian Premier League was first", "id": "9438371" }, { "contents": "Derby County F.C.\n\n\n, which Derby won 5–0. The record is unlikely to be broken in the near future as Derby's current stadium, Pride Park Stadium, has a limit of 33,597 spectators. The record attendance at Pride Park for a competitive Derby County match is 33,378 for a Premier League match against Liverpool on 18 March 2000. The largest crowd to ever watch a Derby County game is 120,000 when Derby County played Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in the 1975–76 European Cup. Derby's historically poor 2007–08 Premier League campaign saw the club", "id": "3870116" }, { "contents": "North London derby\n\n\n-final of the 1990–91 FA Cup which they went on to win. The highest-scoring game in the North London derby is the 5–4 win by Arsenal at White Hart Lane in November 2004. Emmanuel Adebayor who played for both Tottenham and Arsenal is the top scorer of the North London derby with 10 goals scored (8 in the Premier League), As of March 2019, Harry Kane is the top scorer in Premier League games with 9. Arsenal play their home games at the Emirates Stadium in Islington, while Tottenham", "id": "4429566" }, { "contents": "Tyne–Wear derby\n\n\n2–0. To date, Newcastle have won on 54 occasions while Sunderland 53, whilst sharing 50 draws – one of which Sunderland went on to win via a penalty shootout. The most recent meeting of the two sides, on 20 March 2016, was a Premier League match at the St James' Park and ended in a 1–1 draw, with Jermain Defoe opening the scoring for Sunderland before Aleksandar Mitrovic equalised for Newcastle. Yann M'Vila, who has played in both games, describes it as bigger than the Milan derby. The", "id": "16091169" }, { "contents": "Derbies in the League of Ireland\n\n\ntop on all three occasions. The derby returned in 2010 following Derry's relegation from the Premier Division the previous year, but the Foylesiders still held the advantage over the Donegal men in the ties. The Louth derby is contested by Drogheda United and Dundalk. The derby had not been played in many years due to the clubs being in different divisions, however with Dundalk's promotion to the Premier Division for the 2009 season, the derby has recommenced. It has lived up to its status so far with four red cards in", "id": "3646897" }, { "contents": "South Wales derby\n\n\nThe South Wales derby is a football local derby between Welsh clubs Cardiff City and Swansea City and is regarded as one of the fiercest rivalries in British football. Despite both clubs being in Wales, they play in the English football league system and have won English honours: Cardiff the FA Cup in 1927 and Swansea the Football League Cup in 2013. The most recent South Wales derby took place on 8 February 2014 in the Premier League, ending in a 3–0 win to Swansea at the Liberty Stadium. The first match between the", "id": "15390922" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Derby County F.C. season\n\n\nThey were given a draw away to non-league opposition for the second time in three years when they played the ESPN-televised tie away to Blue Square Premier team Crawley Town. Derby lost 2–1 in a result described as one of the \"biggest shocks\" in FA Cup history and the \"most humiliating\" result in \"Derby County's history\". As a Football League Championship club, Derby entered the Football League Cup at the First Round stage, which commenced the week starting 9 August 2010. The seeded and", "id": "6857116" }, { "contents": "Derby\n\n\nin Derby and play almost all home matches there, although matches at Chesterfield were re-introduced in 2006. One of the designated first class county sides, they have won the County Championship once, in 1936. Derby has clubs in both codes of rugby. In rugby union, Derby RFC play in Midlands Division One East (the sixth level of English rugby union) at their Haslams Lane ground. Rugby league team Derby City RLFC were formed in 1990 and compete in the Midlands Premier Division of the National Rugby League Conference", "id": "16103872" }, { "contents": "Derbies in the League of Ireland\n\n\nThere are many derbies in the League of Ireland, and despite the fact that historically more teams compete in the First Division, the majority are played in the Premier Division, the top flight of Irish football. Founded in 1921 the League of Ireland is the national association football league of the Republic of Ireland. Formed by the Football Association of Ireland out of split with the Irish Football Association for first 65 years it consisted of a single division but since the mid 1980s it has expanded into a two tier system with a Premier", "id": "3646879" }, { "contents": "West Ukrainian football derby\n\n\nWest Ukrainian football derby was an unofficial competition as part of the Ukrainian Premier League that consisted of series of rivalries in the region of western Ukraine. This derby started with the establishment of the Ukrainian Premier League in 1992. Most of the time the clubs that performed the best in the derby were far from being a successful season overall in the League. Karpaty, being the best club in the region, often had a difficult time to prove themselves as such with their regional neighbors. The derby faded away to lower leagues by", "id": "9448702" }, { "contents": "Derby County F.C. league record by opponent\n\n\nas well as winning several minor trophies. The club was also a strong force in the interwar years of the football league and also won the 1945–46 FA Cup. Derby County are founder members of the Football League, which was created in 1888. Over the years Derby have played in the First Division, Second Division, Third Division, Third Division North, Premier League and the Championship. As of 2008 Derby compete in the second tier of English football, the Championship, after relegation from the Premier League. Derby's first", "id": "22150061" }, { "contents": "Cairo derby\n\n\nthe Egyptian Premier League. Non-Egyptian referees are often flown in to officiate the derby in order to ensure impartiality. In 2018, World Soccer Magazine selected the Cairo Derby as the 10th most fierce derby in the world. Besides the estimated 50 million domestic TV audience, the game is huge all over North Africa, the Middle East and the entire world. These meetings are the meetings in the League Top goalscorers Due to the rivalry between the clubs, relatively few players have played for both Ahly and Zamalek. Some of", "id": "9438374" }, { "contents": "Greg Mills (footballer)\n\n\nGregory Adam Mills (born 18 September 1990) is an English footballer who plays as a winger for Stourbridge of the Southern League Premier Central. He previously played in the Football League for Derby County and Macclesfield Town, and played non-league football for numerous clubs. Mills was born in Leicester, Leicestershire. He progressed through the ranks at Derby County and was a regular member of the reserve team in the 2009–10 pre-season. After playing in a 4–0 win away to Shrewsbury Town's reserves in the Central League Division", "id": "230522" }, { "contents": "Derbies in the League of Ireland\n\n\nthe four meetings this year. Dundalk have had the upper hand, winning both of their home games while drawing away at United Park. The Connacht derby was played between Galway United and Sligo Rovers. Traditionally it had been a First Division derby but the success of both clubs meant it became a regular Premier Division encounter. Both teams regularly beat each other, resulting in an almost exact record for both, however in the Premier Division Sligo have come out on top most times. The derby is possibly one of the friendliest in", "id": "3646898" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Aston Villa F.C. season\n\n\nderby with Birmingham City, who remain in the league, alongside Wolverhampton Wanderers, who also avoided relegation. West Bromwich Albion also join them in the league, meaning that Villa will contest a total of six local derbies throughout the duration of the Premier League season. An additional derby game at Birmingham City took place on 1 December 2010 in the Football League Cup. Supplier: Nike / Sponsor: FxPro The home kit for 2010–11 season featured claret socks, but the most conspicuous feature was the checkerboard patterns on the side of the", "id": "7482710" }, { "contents": "Angus Morrison (footballer)\n\n\nAngus Cameron Morrison (26 April 1924 – 18 December 2002) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left in the Football League. Angus Morrison started his professional football career with his local Highland Football League club, Ross County F.C., who now play in the Scottish Premier League. He moved to Derby County in October 1944, for the fee of one box of cigars. While at Derby, Morrison played 52 times and scored 21 goals. In November 1948, Morrison moved to Preston North End. During a highly", "id": "3194792" }, { "contents": "Horacio Carbonari\n\n\nfinal against Atlético Mineiro. From 1993 to 1998, Carbonari played a total of 135 Argentine Primera División matches, scoring 26 goals. Carbonari was signed by Derby County in the summer of 1998 for £3 million by former Derby manager Jim Smith. Carbonari was the first Argentinian ever to play in the Premier League alongside Juan Cobián, who was at Sheffield Wednesday. He quickly became a fans favourite and won praise from the fans after scoring twice against rivals Nottingham Forest in the 1998-99 Premier League. In 2002, while", "id": "6534747" }, { "contents": "2007 Football League Championship play-off Final\n\n\ndetermined the third and final team to gain promotion from the Championship to the Premier League, and was contested by Derby County, who had finished third during the league season, and West Bromwich Albion, who had finished fourth. The teams reached the final by defeating Southampton and Wolverhampton Wanderers respectively in the two-legged semi-finals. Stephen Pearson scored the only goal of the final to ensure that Derby County returned to the top division of English football after a five-year absence. Derby County finished the season in third", "id": "17361064" }, { "contents": "Baghdad Derbies\n\n\nthe four clubs and the era where many of the most memorable derby matches were played. Between 1991 and 2006, every single edition of the Premier League, FA Cup and Super Cup was won by one of the four clubs, and only one single edition of the Elite Cup was not won by one of them. Al-Zawraa were the most successful team of this era, winning eight league titles, eight FA Cups, three Elite Cups and three Super Cups. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya won three leagues,", "id": "20363437" }, { "contents": "Rust Belt Derby\n\n\nThe Rust Belt Derby is a soccer rivalry currently played between Detroit City FC and FC Buffalo (with AFC Cleveland as a former winner/participant) who play in the National Premier Soccer League, the fourth tier of American soccer. The Derby is between select NPSL teams that play in the Rust Belt region of the United States. The series is based on the results of games played between the three sides, much like the Cascadia Cup. Cleveland won the inaugural Rust Belt Derby on June 23, 2012 following a 1–1 draw", "id": "885208" }, { "contents": "Rob Hulse\n\n\nRobert William Hulse (born 25 October 1979) is an English former footballer who played as a striker. He had primarily spent his career at second tier level, playing there with Crewe Alexandra. West Bromwich Albion, Leeds United, Sheffield United, Derby County, Queens Park Rangers and Charlton Athletic. He has won promotion on three occasions twice to the top flight and had his most notable spell in the Premier League with Sheffield United, where he finished as the club's top scorer in the 2006–07 season, despite his season", "id": "11002496" }, { "contents": "Ross Atkins\n\n\nRoss Michael Atkins (born 3 November 1989) is an English football goalkeeper who plays for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Mickleover Sports. Born in Derby Atkins came up through the youth system at Championship club Derby County and was sent out on loan to Conference North side Southport on loan on 30 October 2008, he made 5 appearances for Southport, 4 of them in the league (3 starts + 1 substitute appearance), with a Conference League Cup appearance. Atkins was named in the matchday squad for the first time as", "id": "14696366" }, { "contents": "Xgħajra Tornadoes F.C.\n\n\nMaltese Premier League in Season 1997/1998 and Season 1999/2000. Their first outing in the Premier League was in the 1997/98 season, where they beat Pieta Hotspurs 1–0. Another notable record is that Xgħajra Tornadoes has never lost the league derby match for a luxury twenty years against our cousins if not brothers, \"as most of Xgħajra players where rejected by Zabbar St Patricks FC\". This record had come to an end in November 2014, when finally Zabbar St Patricks FC won 2–0. The highest score in all derby league matches marks", "id": "4857777" }, { "contents": "Aldershot\n\n\nand Bruce Rioch. Rioch played for clubs including Luton Town, Aston Villa and Derby County before managing clubs including Middlesbrough and Arsenal, but played for the Scotland team during the 1970s due to his ancestry. And Joe Ralls who played youth football for Aldershot Town FC and currently plays for English Premier League side Cardiff City FC On 25 October 2011 Aldershot Town played Manchester United at the Recreation Ground in the League Cup 4th round losing 3–0, their most successful run to date in the Carling Cup. Aldershot Cricket Club is based in", "id": "1687147" }, { "contents": "Lanarkshire derby\n\n\nto have played for both the original Airdrieonians as well as the new Airdrieonians. \"As of: end of 2017–18 season.\" This match is sometimes referred to as the South Lanarkshire derby, due to both Motherwell and Hamilton both being the two most-southern clubs of the four although since the 1996 reorganisation of Scotland's Regional Councils, only Hamilton is in the South Lanarkshire Council area. This fixture was the most regular of the Lanarkshire derbies since Hamilton's promotion to the Scottish Premier League (SPL) in 2008,", "id": "18661711" }, { "contents": "West London derby\n\n\n29 April 2017 at Craven Cottage, resulting in a 1–1 draw. The 2019/20 season will see the last derby at Griffin Park between these teams, after Fulham were relegated from the Premier League. The latest derby at Griffin Park was 3–1 to Brentford on 2 December 2017. As with Fulham, Brentford and QPR played each other frequently in local cup competitions and leagues from the foundation of both clubs. In 1920, the Football League absorbed many clubs from the Southern Football League, including Brentford and QPR, who competed in the", "id": "11593855" }, { "contents": "Gary Rowett\n\n\nGary Rowett (born 6 March 1974) is an English professional football manager and former player, who was most recently manager of Championship club Stoke City. As a player, he was a defender, and played in the Premier League for Everton, Derby County, Leicester City and Charlton Athletic. He also played in the Football League for Cambridge United, Blackpool, Birmingham City and Burton Albion. In May 2009 he was appointed assistant manager to Paul Peschisolido at Burton, and took over as manager in 2012. He was appointed", "id": "8381068" }, { "contents": "Glenn Hoddle Academy\n\n\ncurrently contracted to Championship club Derby County. The academy's ultimate goal remains getting players at a La Liga team or a Premier League team playing regularly for them. The first player from the academy to achieve this was Sam Clucas, a regular in the Championship with Hull City in 2015/16 during their promotion year and who has started in the first team in the Premier League during the 2016/17 season. Ever since Hoddle started work on his plan for the academy, he has had offers from 60 countries asking him to set up similar", "id": "6012181" }, { "contents": "Sarajevo derby\n\n\nis still the biggest victory by any team in these matches. As of April 2019, 118 league matches have been played. Željezničar has won 35 times, Sarajevo has won 34 times, while 49 matches ended in a draw. Goal difference is 134:130 in FK Sarajevo's favour. In all competitions, Željezničar and Sarajevo have played 138 times, Sarajevo have won 42 times, Željezničar have won 43 times and 53 games have ended in a draw. The Sarajevo derby is currently played three times a year in the Premier league", "id": "7320792" }, { "contents": "Lee Hendrie\n\n\nLee Andrew Hendrie (born 18 May 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Born in Birmingham, Hendrie started his career at Premier League club Aston Villa where he spent fourteen years. He also played for the England U21s and earned one full cap for England in 1998. He has also played in Football League for Stoke City, Sheffield United, Leicester City, Derby County, Brighton & Hove Albion and Bradford City. Following a spell in Indonesia with Bandung he has since become a journeyman in", "id": "13277906" }, { "contents": "Graham Street Prims F.C.\n\n\nGraham Street Prims Football Club is a football club based in Derby, England. They are currently members of the and play at the Asterdale Sports Ground in the Spondon area of Derby. The club was established in 1904 by members of Primitive Methodist church in Graham Street. They initially played in the Derby Sunday Schools' League, but folded in 1914. They reformed in 1953 and played in the Derby & District Senior League. In 1968 the club joined the Premier Division of the Central Alliance, with the reserves playing in Division", "id": "7099388" }, { "contents": "Renfrewshire derby\n\n\nThe Renfrewshire derby is a football derby in Scotland, contested between the senior clubs Greenock Morton and St Mirren. Since the sides first met in 1882, the fixture has grown in significance over the years, due in part to the demise of other Renfrewshire football clubs, and is one of the most hotly contested derbies in Scotland today. Although both sides have regularly competed at the same level of Scottish football, recent years have seen St Mirren competing in the Scottish Premier League, with Morton competing in the lower leagues. However", "id": "283433" }, { "contents": "West Lancashire derby\n\n\nThe West Lancashire derby (sometimes also known as the \"M55 derby\") is a local rivalry in English football between Lancashire clubs Blackpool and Preston North End. The derby has taken place across all three tiers of the Football League, but not in the Premier League. Blackpool were promoted to the Premier League in 2010; Preston North End have yet to reach it. They have not met in the League since February 2010. In 2015, Preston moved above Blackpool in the Football League pyramid for the first time since 2004–05", "id": "13472781" }, { "contents": "Frank Fielding\n\n\nFrancis David Fielding (born 4 April 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Milwall. He began his career at his hometown club Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League. He spent time on loan at Wycombe Wanderers, Northampton Town, Rochdale, Leeds United, and Derby County, before making a permanent move to Derby County. In 2013, he signed for Bristol City, spending six years with the club until 2019. Fielding has played internationally for England twice at under-19 and twelve times at under-21", "id": "20259030" }, { "contents": "Orlando Pirates F.C.\n\n\nacquisition of a 51% share in Ellis Park Stadium, making it the first majority black owned stadium in South Africa. The Soweto derby between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates is one of the most fiercely contested derbies in world football. And in contrast to most of the other games played in the Premier Soccer League in South Africa, matches between the two archrivals attract a full house of supporters almost without fail. The first Soweto derby of the 2018-19 Absa Premiership season at the FNB Stadium, with 82,000 capacity was completely", "id": "19039435" }, { "contents": "Paul Connolly\n\n\nPaul Connolly (born 29 September 1983) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right back for Bangor City of the Welsh Premier League. He has played in the Football League for Plymouth Argyle, Derby County, Sheffield United, Leeds United, Portsmouth, Preston North End, Millwall, Crawley Town and Luton Town. Connolly came through the youth ranks at Plymouth Argyle, and made his league debut in the final game of the 2000–01 season. Connolly was a first team regular from 2003 onwards, helping the team to", "id": "3697268" }, { "contents": "David Linighan\n\n\nDavid Linighan (born 9 January 1965) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender from 1982 until 2002. He notably spent time in the Premier League with Ipswich Town and in the Scottish Premier League with Dunfermline Athletic. He also played in the Football League for Hartlepool United, Derby County, Shrewsbury Town, Blackpool, Mansfield Town and Chester City. He also had spells in Non-league with Southport and Hyde United. Linighan was born in Hartlepool, County Durham, and attended English Martyrs School. He", "id": "13838199" }, { "contents": "Nick Chadwick\n\n\nNicholas Gerald Chadwick (born 26 October 1982) is an English former professional footballer who is now a U18 youth coach at Wigan Athletic. He played as a forward in the Premier League for Everton, before going on to play in the Football League for Derby County, Millwall, Hereford United, Shrewsbury Town and most predominantly, Plymouth Argyle. Chadwick started his career as a promising youth player at Everton, scoring 48 goals in 75 appearances in his first three seasons in the junior ranks. He made his senior debut against Crystal", "id": "18618135" }, { "contents": "Geoff Barrowcliffe\n\n\nGeoff Barrowcliffe (18 October 1931 – 26 September 2009) was an English professional footballer who played as a fullback in The Football League for Derby County, and also played for several non-league clubs. Barrowcliffe began his career at non-league Ilkeston Town, before being signed by Derby in October 1950. He spent the next 16 years at the Baseball Ground, and played 475 league games for the Rams. He also scored 37 goals for the club, most of them from the penalty spot. He left Derby at", "id": "6040279" }, { "contents": "Eastbourne Town F.C.\n\n\nat 257. Eastbourne is one of very few towns to have four senior teams. The highest ranked of these, Eastbourne Borough, who play in the National League South aren't considered as rivals since they compete at a considerably higher level. The other two, Eastbourne United and Langney Wanderers, both play in the Southern Combination Premier League with Eastbourne Town. Local team Little Common, who are some 10 miles away near Bexhill. currently ground share with Eastbourne United. For many years, the unofficial named Eastbourne Derby has been", "id": "3232648" }, { "contents": "Midlands Premier\n\n\nrelegated into the division from National League 2 South but decided to drop out of the league system altogether (joining the Greater Birmingham Merit Leagues) as they became an amateur club. Last seasons champions, Scunthorpe were promoted into National League 2 North, along with Luctonians who won their play-off game against North Premier runners up Blaydon. Teams relegated from the division included Derby and Syston (who drop to Midlands 1 East) and Lichfield (who fall to Midlands 1 West). Nine of the fourteen teams participated in last", "id": "3136321" }, { "contents": "Craig Burley\n\n\nCraig William Burley (born 24 September 1971) is a Scottish television pundit and former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1989 until 2004. He is currently a commentator for ESPN. He played in the Premier League for Chelsea and Derby County and in the Scottish Premier League for Celtic. He also played for Dundee and finished his career in the Football League with Preston North End and Walsall. He earned 46 caps for Scotland, scoring 3 goals. Burley began his professional career with Chelsea in 1989, however he did", "id": "359142" }, { "contents": "Duane Courtney\n\n\nDuane Jerome Courtney (born 7 January 1985) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays as a defender for Midland League Premier Division club Highgate United. Courtney started his career in the youth system of Derby County as a schoolboy and later played for Birmingham City as a trainee. He played for A.F.C. Telford United in the 2004–05 season and after being named their Player of the Season he joined Burnley in the Football League. After making eight appearances for them in one season he was released and joined Welsh Premier League champions The", "id": "5519365" }, { "contents": "Gaborone Derby\n\n\nThe Gaborone Derby is a football match between teams from Gaborone, Botswana, especially Township Rollers F.C., Notwane FC and Gaborone United from the Botswana Premier League. The most popular Gaborone derby is the match between Township Rollers and Gaborone United, due to their support base and success in Botswana football. The rivalry dates back to the 1970s. Nowadays, the rivalry is believed to have lost its spark and become more of a 'friendly derby' after the rise of Mochudi Centre Chiefs in the 2007/08 Botswana Premier League season, where", "id": "18973016" }, { "contents": "Tommy Johnson (footballer, born 1971)\n\n\nThomas Johnson (born 15 January 1971) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker from 1989 until 2007 notably in the Premier League for Aston Villa and Everton and in the Scottish Premier League for Celtic and Kilmarnock. He also played in the Football League for Notts County, Derby County, Sheffield Wednesday, Gillingham, Sheffield United and Scunthorpe United, before finishing his career in Non-league with Tamworth and Rocester. He is currently Head of Scouting at Nottingham Forest. Tommy Johnson was born in Gateshead, England", "id": "7113739" }, { "contents": "Royal Windsor Roller Derby\n\n\nRoyal Windsor Roller Derby (RWRD) is a flat track roller derby league based in Berkshire, England. Founded in 2007 as Royal Windsor Roller Girls, RWRD is Berkshire's first roller derby league. RWRD has both an A and B level travel team - Who Dares Windsor and the B-Headers - who compete with other leagues, and two intra-league teams. The league trains in Ascot and plays its home games at Windsor Leisure Centre in Windsor. RWRD is a member of the United Kingdom Roller Derby Association (", "id": "16280212" }, { "contents": "Dean Leacock\n\n\n. Leacock made his Derby debut in a 2–1 win over Hull City on 12 August 2006. He was a regular first team player in his first season at the East Midlands club, playing 38 league games and playing in all 3 games of the Championship playoffs as Derby were promoted to the Premiership as playoff winners. Leacock played his first Premier League game for Derby on 18 August 2007, in a 4–0 defeat by Tottenham Hotspur. In what would be a disastrous season for Derby that would end in relegation, Leacock played 26", "id": "20629234" }, { "contents": "Matt O'Halloran\n\n\nMatthew O'Halloran (born 18 November 1982) is an English former professional footballer who most recently played as a Midfielder for Sleaford Town but has now retired following a string of persistent injuries. O'Halloran played in the Football League between 2000 and 2005 for Derby County, Oldham Athletic, Chesterfield and Boston United, as well as playing Non-league football for Burton Albion, King's Lynn, Corby Town, Lincoln United, Lincoln Moorlands Railway and Sleaford Town. O'Halloran began his professional football career with Derby County in 2000 but after a", "id": "10076161" }, { "contents": "EFL Championship play-offs\n\n\nfrom being promoted to the Premier League. However, by convention the two finalists agree that the loser will keep all the gate receipts from the game, so as to slightly soften the financial blow of missing out. The most recent final was between Aston Villa and Derby County on 27 May 2019, with Aston Villa being promoted to the Premier League after a 2-1 victory. Ipswich Town have been in the Championship play-offs a joint record eight times: 1987, 1997–2000 inclusive, 2004, 2005 and 2015,", "id": "15569507" }, { "contents": "Derbies in the League of Ireland\n\n\nBowl there is often more away fans than home supporters. The Munster Derbies are contested between the two largest Munster clubs, Cork City and Limerick FC but sometimes the rivals are kept apart due to playing in different divisions. In recent times, Cork City and Limerick FC have been competing the Munster Derby in the Premier Division. They have been tight matches normally which draw big crowds to both stadiums. The most recent result was at Turners Cross in Cork where Limerick FC won 3-2. This derby is between the two", "id": "3646893" }, { "contents": "North derby\n\n\nThe term North derby is sometimes used to emphasise their relative geographical proximity, when matches are played between Scottish football clubs Aberdeen and Inverness Caledonian Thistle. The clubs first met in a Scottish League Cup tie played on 8 August 1998. Inverness first entered the Scottish Football League in 1994 alongside fellow Highland side Ross County, forming the Highland derby. However, Inverness progressed over the next 10 years to form a rivalry with Aberdeen, after winning promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2004. The match is considered to be a derby", "id": "15553296" }, { "contents": "John Lees (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Lees was an English footballer who played for Derby County. Inside-right was another position where Derby County appeared to have a problem in the 1888-1889 Football league campaign. By the end of the season they had tried eight different players and the most any played in that position (in the Football League) was four. In the first eight League matches played by Derby County the club had already tried three players at inside-right, the latest having been William Chatterton. After the 6-2 thrashing at", "id": "18522920" }, { "contents": "Kieron Freeman\n\n\npraised the current Notts County manager, Keith Curle, who stated that in the future Freeman would be good enough to play in the Premier League. At the end of the season, Freeman returned to Forest, however he has said he'd like to rejoin the Magpies next season. In the summer of 2012, reports linked Freeman with a return to Notts County and also moves to Derby County and Gillingham. Derby manager Nigel Clough confirmed his interest in signing the player. On 22 August 2012, Freeman joined East Midlands rivals", "id": "2827385" }, { "contents": "South London derby\n\n\nthe first time. Wimbledon became a Football League club in 1977 and contested their first derby in 1980. In 2003 Wimbledon were relocated to Milton Keynes and reformed as Milton Keynes Dons. In 2002, a new club founded by supporters against this move, AFC Wimbledon, won a rapid succession of non-League promotions to gain Football League status nine years later. AFC Wimbledon played their first derby in 2009, an FA Cup game against Millwall. As of the 2019–20 season, Crystal Palace play in the Premier League, Charlton", "id": "13746431" }, { "contents": "Al Ahly SC\n\n\n. Usually the derby is played twice each season with two matches in the Egyptian Premier League, but it is not uncommon to find the teams meeting each other in the Egypt Cup, especially in the final, and in Africa's most prestigious club competition, the CAF Champions League. Al Ahly has a large fan base of ultras named Ultras Ahlawy (UA07) which are known for their pyro displays. Their motto is Together Forever, Ultras Ahlawy raised its banner for the first time at a match against ENPPI Club on 13", "id": "3383735" }, { "contents": "Victoria Men's Roller Derby (Sports Team)\n\n\nVictoria Men's Roller Derby (VMRD) is a flat track men's Roller Derby league based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in early 2013, VMRD is one of the premier men's roller derby leagues in Australia, having won three Australian Men's Roller Derby (AMRD) National Championships ('Men's Nationals'). The representative side for the league is called Victorian Vanguard and is often referred to as the 'Travel Team', as they travel to other cities to play opposing teams. VMRD are", "id": "17335616" }, { "contents": "Canal derby\n\n\nThe Canal Derby () is a football match between the Egyptian clubs Al-Masry SC and Ismaily SC. It is a match between arguably the two biggest and most popular clubs in the Suez Canal region in Egypt. Al-Masry SC is located in Port Said while Ismaily SC is based in Ismailia. Usually the Derby is played twice each season with 2 matches in the Egyptian Premier League, but it is not uncommon to find the teams meeting each other in the Egypt Cup. Ever since their creation, both clubs", "id": "17819027" }, { "contents": "Arnaud Mendy\n\n\nArnaud Mendy (born 10 February 1990) is a footballer who plays for National League South side Whitehawk as a midfielder. He is a full international for Guinea-Bissau and has previously played for FC Rouen, Derby County, Grimsby Town, Tranmere Rovers, Macclesfield Town, Luton Town, Lincoln City, Whitehawk, Hemel Hempstead Town and in the Maltese Premier League. Mendy was born in Évreux, Eure, France. He made his debut for FC Rouen during the 2007–08 season, making 12 appearances at the age of 17", "id": "5943482" }, { "contents": "Alan Cork\n\n\nFootball League and also the Premier League. He is the father of Burnley player Jack Cork. Cork started his career at Derby County. However, despite a loan spell at Lincoln City, Cork failed to break into the Derby first team and subsequently joined Wimbledon, who had been recently elected to the Football League and were playing in Division Four at the time, on a free transfer in 1978. Cork's very substantial contribution to the team over more than 14 years helped Wimbledon climb the football league pyramid and eventually gained them", "id": "2151409" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Derby Dolls\n\n\nThe L. A. Derby Dolls (LADD) is Los Angeles' original women's quad-skate banked track roller derby league. It was founded in October 2003 by Rebecca Ninburg (a.k.a. Demolicious) and Wendy Templeton (a.k.a. Thora Zeen). The league is composed of more than 120 women divided into five teams who skate on a banked track. LADD plays real, unscripted roller derby with rules and referees. Like most modern roller derby, the league is do-it-yourself and 100% skater run.", "id": "15800220" }, { "contents": "Team United Roller Derby\n\n\nTeam United Roller Derby is a women's flat track roller derby league located in Des Moines, Iowa. It consists of a single team, the All Stars, who play against teams from other leagues, and is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). The league was founded at the start of 2013, with most of its founders being former skaters for the Mid Iowa Rollers. It was coached by Mark Muse, also the coach of nearby Your Mom Men's Derby. The All Stars", "id": "5214377" }, { "contents": "Sarajevo derby\n\n\nare mixed with both Pitari and Košpicari sitting there. The third football club from Sarajevo is FK Olimpik Sarajevo; located in the small neighbourhood of Otoka. It did play a pretty long time in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but currently are a part of the First League of FBiH and their support group is very small. Olimpik's games between its rivals, FK Sarajevo and FK Željezničar in town are known as the little town derby \"(Mali gradski derbi)\". After Olimpik were relegated from the Premier", "id": "7320797" }, { "contents": "Lee Carsley\n\n\nLee Kevin Carsley (born 28 February 1974) is a former professional football midfielder who is currently specialist national coach for the England U21 team. In a playing career lasting 17 years, he is best remembered for his spells in the Premier League and Football League with Everton and Derby County. Although born in Birmingham, England, Carsley represented the Republic of Ireland at international level. After retiring from playing in 2011, he entered coaching with Coventry City. A defensive midfielder, Carsley began his career with Division One side Derby County", "id": "12971736" }, { "contents": "Steven Cann\n\n\nSteven Cann (born 20 January 1988) is a South African-born Welsh footballer who plays for Welsh Premier League side Port Talbot Town. Having started his career at Derby County, Cann was released in June 2007. After his release by Derby, Cann joined Rotherham United on 31 July 2007, after impressing in a trial. He played his first game for the Millers in a 3-0 FA Cup loss to Aldershot Town. In his next game for the Millers, in the Football League Trophy Northern Semi-Final", "id": "9077623" }, { "contents": "Julian Darby\n\n\nJulian Timothy Darby (born 3 October 1967) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder from 1986 until 2001, notably in the Premier League for Coventry City. He also played for Bolton Wanderers, West Bromwich Albion, Preston North End, Rotherham United and Carlisle United. During his coaching career he has coached at Nottingham Forest, Derby County, Bolton Wanderers and Preston North End. He played for Bolton Wanderers from 1986 to 1993, scoring 36 goals in 270 league appearances. He scored in the", "id": "11165597" }, { "contents": "2014–15 Derby County F.C. season\n\n\ntie at another Championship team, which was Fulham. After managing to defeat Fulham away from home, Derby were drawn at home to Premier League club Chelsea in the Quarter Finals. They exited the competition at this stage after a 3-1 home defeat to Chelsea. Derby entered the FA Cup at the third round stage. The draw for this was made on 8 December 2014, and Derby were drawn to play Conference Premier side Southport at home. After winning their third round tie, they were drawn to play at home", "id": "2277126" }, { "contents": "Joondalup\n\n\nand Sorrento FC who play in the National Premier Leagues which is Australia's second tier association football league. Sorrento FC is one of Joondalup's most successful clubs and their derbies with ECU Joondalup are always eagerly anticipated. Arena Joondalup, located northwest of Lakeside Shopping Centre, is the home venue of West Perth Football Club and Wanneroo Basketball Association. The Arena also hosts music events and festivals during the year, as well as the Home and Lifestyle Expo, an annual exhibition held in late March to early April. Furthermore, in", "id": "16837299" }, { "contents": "Borrowash Victoria A.F.C.\n\n\nClub, playing in the Derby & District Welfare League. They won the league in 1952–53 but folded in 1957. The club reformed again in 1963 and joined Section E of the Derby Welfare League, replacing Borrowash Youth Club. In 1969 they joined Division One of the Central Alliance. They finished as runners-up in their first season, earning promotion to the Premier Division. The following season saw them finish as runners-up in the Premier Division. They subsequently switched to the East Midlands Regional League, where they finished", "id": "39698" }, { "contents": "Melbourne Derby (A-League)\n\n\nThe Melbourne Derby is an intra-city local derby in Australia's premier association football competition, the Hyundai A-League. It is contested between the two Melbourne teams in the competition, Melbourne City and Melbourne Victory, and it was the A-League's first intra-city derby. Later, the second intra-city derby became Sydney FC versus Western Sydney Wanderers. With the introduction of Melbourne Heart (who would later be known as Melbourne City) to the A-League at the start of the 2010–11 season", "id": "13688545" }, { "contents": "Paul Stewart (footballer, born 1964)\n\n\ngames over two years, and helping them win promotion from the North West Counties League in his first season, before retiring from playing completely at the end of the 1999–00 season with Workington re-established in the Northern Premier League First Division. Stewart remains one of the very few players to have the distinction of playing in a north London derby, a Manchester derby, a Merseyside derby and a North east derby. Stewart played for England at England under-21 and B before being capped three times in the early 1990s for the senior", "id": "430480" }, { "contents": "Conor Sammon\n\n\nConor Sammon (born 6 November 1986) is an Irish professional footballer who currently plays for Falkirk as a forward. Sammon started his professional career in the League of Ireland Premier Division with University College Dublin and Derry City. In 2008, he moved to Scottish Premier League club Kilmarnock, and in January 2011, English Premier League club Wigan Athletic signed him for £600,000. In August 2012, he moved to Derby County for £1.2 million. During his time there, he also had loans to Ipswich Town, Rotherham United", "id": "4731895" }, { "contents": "Christian Dailly\n\n\nChristian Eduard Dailly (born 23 October 1973) is a Scottish former professional footballer. A versatile player, he was often seen in central defence, although he played in most outfield positions during his career. He started his professional career as a teenager, playing as a striker for Dundee United. He helped them win the 1993–94 Scottish Cup. Towards the end of his time with United, Dailly began playing as a central defender. He moved to English Premier League club Derby County in 1996. After two seasons with Derby,", "id": "13083395" }, { "contents": "Mickleover Sports F.C.\n\n\nMickleover Sports Football Club is a football club based in the Mickleover suburb of Derby, Derbyshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Station Road. The club was established in 1948 as Mickleover Old Boys. They joined the Derby & District Senior League, where they played until moving up to the Premier Division of the Central Midlands League after relocating to the Station Road ground. The club was then renamed Mickleover Sports. A fourth-place finish in the Premier Division in 1994–95 saw them promoted to the Supreme", "id": "18579026" }, { "contents": "Naft Al-Junoob SC\n\n\nNaft al-Junoob (), is an Iraqi football club based in Al-Tamimia District, Basra, that plays in Iraqi Premier League. The club was founded in 1979 under the name Al-Rumaila Sport Club, and was named Naft Al-Junoob in 2003, the club played in Iraqi Premier League at the 2004–05 season for the first time. Naft Al-Junoob contest the Basra Derby with Al-Minaa. Since 2005, there have been 27 competitive Basra Derbies. Al-Minaa hold the precedence in", "id": "9869194" }, { "contents": "Bavarian football derbies\n\n\n\" and the \"TSV 1860\" first met in the Oberliga Bayern in 1982 and played most of their derbies in this league, only meeting on professional level for the first time in 1999. This derby has a long tradition but due to the steep decline of the \"FC Wacker\" has not been played in recent seasons. The two clubs also met frequently in the Oberliga, last in 1989. The Würzburg derby between FV Würzburg 04 and Würzburger Kickers, first played in 1908, was held as high as the 2", "id": "20624812" }, { "contents": "Michael Johnson (footballer, born 1973)\n\n\nMichael Owen Johnson (born 4 July 1973) is a former footballer who played as a defender, primarily at centre back, although he also played left-back when called upon. He is currently manager of the Guyana national football team and club ambassador of Derby County. He made more than 550 appearances in the Football League and Premier League, including more than 250 games for Birmingham City and more than 100 each for Notts County, the club where he began his professional career, and for Derby County. Although born in", "id": "14871378" }, { "contents": "FK Sarajevo\n\n\n, where it has won four Bosnian championships, six Bosnian Cups and one Bosnian Supercup. Furthermore, the club was runners-up in the national championship another six times. It is ranked first in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina all-time table and is the country's most prominent representative in European competitions. FK Sarajevo is the most popular football club in the country, together with FK Željezničar, with whom it shares a strong rivalry that manifests itself in the Sarajevo derby. The club plays its home matches at", "id": "11918524" }, { "contents": "2014 Football League Championship play-off Final\n\n\nThe 2014 Football League Championship play-off Final was a football match which was contested by Derby County and Queens Park Rangers on Saturday 24 May 2014 at Wembley Stadium. The winner, Queens Park Rangers, became the third and final team to be promoted from the Championship to the Premier League for the 2014–15 season. The attendance of 87,348 was the highest ever for a Championship play off final. The Championship play-off final is the most lucrative one-off fixture in sport and Queens Park Rangers will earn a minimum of", "id": "20488717" }, { "contents": "Soweto derby\n\n\nThe Soweto derby is a soccer rivalry between Premier Soccer League's Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates in South Africa and is considered one of the most fiercely contested matches in African football. It was first contested on 24 January 1970. Matches between the two rivals attract a large fanbase. Based in Soweto, Johannesburg, the rivalry stems from the fact that Kaizer Chiefs was formed by a former Orlando Pirates star Kaizer Motaung. Motaung had left Orlando Pirates to go play professional soccer in the now defunct North American Soccer League for a team", "id": "8851571" }, { "contents": "Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang\n\n\nStadium. Since joining Arsenal in February 2018, Aubameyang has tallied 16 goals in Premier League play. According to Opta statistics, that gives him a minutes per goal ratio of 104.6, which sets the record for the best minutes per goal ratio in Premier League history (minimum 10 goals). Aubameyang became the first player to reach 10 goals in the Premier League that season, following a brace in Arsenal's 4–2 victory over Tottenham Hotspur in the North London derby. Aubameyang scored the Gunners' opening goal from the penalty spot", "id": "15451070" }, { "contents": "Richard Dunne\n\n\nthat won promotion back to the Premier League via the 2014 Football League Championship play-off Final against Derby County. Dunne holds the unfortunate record of the most own goals in the Premier League, scoring his tenth in a 3-2 defeat against Liverpool on 19 October 2014, in a game which saw QPR score two own goals to hand Liverpool the victory. QPR were eventually relegated that season, finishing in last place with 20 more goals conceded than any other side. Dunne made a total of 24 appearances. On 31", "id": "5649749" }, { "contents": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C. supporters\n\n\nThe London club Tottenham Hotspur has one of the largest fan bases in England. The fanbase of Tottenham is initially drawn primarily from North London and the nearby Home counties, but the fanbase has expanded worldwide and there is now a greater number of fans around the world. The club has one of the best attendance figures in the Premier League for its matches, and it holds the record attendances in the Premier League. There is a long-standing rivalry with Arsenal, and the North London derby is considered the most important of", "id": "15299727" }, { "contents": "Halifax Bruising Banditas\n\n\nHalifax Bruising Banditas (HBB) are a flat track roller derby league based in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Established in 2011, they are the first roller derby league in the Calderdale and Kirklees area. and play to the ruleset of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association. The league consists of one travel team who play other leagues around the UK under the name 'Halifax Bruising Banditas'. The team currently practises twice a week at Threeways Sports Centre in Ovenden, Halifax. In the past the league has trained", "id": "7529491" }, { "contents": "Sports in Evansville, Indiana\n\n\n-professional sports teams. The Evansville Crush are a professional indoor soccer team based in Evansville. The team is part of the Premier Arena Soccer League. The Crush's home field is the Metro Sports Center. Evansville is home to one traveling Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) teams: the Dynamite Dolls. The Dynamite Dolls are the A-team for Demolition City Roller Derby, a roller derby league in the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) league. The team plays their home bouts at the", "id": "10271311" }, { "contents": "Joe Ledley\n\n\nJoseph Christopher Ledley (born 23 January 1987) is a Welsh professional footballer who most recently played as a central midfielder for Derby County and the Wales national team. He started his career with then Championship side Cardiff City where he spent six years. He helped the club to the FA Cup final in 2008 and to the Championship play-off final in 2010. In 2010, he moved to Celtic on a free transfer. He won the Scottish Premier League title in his second season with the club in 2012 and both the", "id": "13598785" }, { "contents": "Shaq McDonald\n\n\nShaquille Alphonso McDonald (born 19 July 1995) is an English professional footballer who can play as a striker or Winger. He currently plays for Mickleover Sports in the Northern Premier League. At the age of 17 McDonald signed a 4-year professional contract with Peterborough United and was touted as one of the club's most exciting prospects due to his pace, strength and outstanding goalscoring record which saw him score 25 goals in 10 games for Peterborough United under 21s. In 2014, he was signed by Steve McClaren for Derby County on a", "id": "13674495" }, { "contents": "National Rugby League\n\n\nof premiers in Australian Rugby League, see List of NRL Premiers National Rugby League footballers are among Australasia's most famous athletes, commanding multimillion-dollar playing contracts and sponsorship deals. Each club in the NRL has a \"top squad\" of twenty-five players, who are signed under a salary cap. For the most part, the players who play in NRL matches are sourced from these top squads. During a season the need may arise for a club to use players outside these 25, in which case players are", "id": "16019291" }, { "contents": "Lee Naylor (footballer)\n\n\nLee Martyn Naylor (born 19 March 1980) is an English professional footballer who is unattached, having last played for Derby County. Naylor started his career with First Division side Wolverhampton Wanderers, joining the club in 1996. He made his debut the following year and soon established himself as the first choice left back. His first trophy came when Wolves won the 2003 Football League First Division play-off Final, gaining them promotion to the Premier League where he continued to play in the first team. Naylor moved to Scottish Premier", "id": "12576755" }, { "contents": "Derby City RLFC\n\n\nDerby City RLFC are an amateur rugby league club based in Derby, England. They were founded in 1990 and currently compete in the Midlands Rugby League Premier Division. They have been ground sharing with Ilkeston RUFC at The Stute since 2014. \"Derby City RLFC\" were founded in 1990 in the Blessington Carriage pub, Derby. Paul Crowe went on to become Derby's first coach and the first home games were played on the council pitch at Marketon Park. Early in its history the club nearly tasted success at St Ives,", "id": "17594526" }, { "contents": "History of Manchester City F.C.\n\n\n. In his place was appointed the Chilean Manuel Pellegrini, who boasted a far more impressive Champions League record but less of a reputation for trophy-winning. In the 2017-2018 season City remained unbeaten through mid-December. They set a new record for the most consecutive league wins after 18 victories in a row, including a victory in Manchester Derby, which helped them widen the gap between them and second-placed Manchester United in the Premier League. City broke plenty of Premier League records this season, including,", "id": "2478547" }, { "contents": "Sports in Philadelphia\n\n\nplay in the Women's Premier Soccer League. There are a number of Junior hockey teams in the area. The Flyers sponsor three teams: the Philadelphia Flyers Junior Hockey Club, Philadelphia Little Flyers, and Philadelphia Junior Flyers. The Philadelphia Revolution also play in the area. The Philadelphia Flyers Junior Hockey Club plays in the USPHL, while the other teams play in the EHL. Penn Jersey Roller Derby is a Philadelphia-based co-ed roller derby league, founded in 2005. They were one of the founding leagues of", "id": "5676741" }, { "contents": "West Yorkshire derby\n\n\ntheir new manager David Wagner, Huddersfield won promotion to the Premier League for the first time by defeating Reading in the 2017 Championship play-off final. Bradford City historically have a fierce rivalry with other Bradfordian team Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C., which can also be considered a \"West Yorkshire derby\", however this is rivalry is commonly known as the \"Bradford derby\". Park Avenue were formerly a Football League team until 1970. F.C. Halifax Town, another West Yorkshire football team playing in the National League, consider Huddersfield Town", "id": "1725203" }, { "contents": "Vlade Lazarevski\n\n\nVlade Lazarevski (, born 9 June 1983 in Krusevac) is a defender from the Republic of Macedonia who plays for Serbian side FK Temnić Lipa in the Serbian League East. He was member of the Macedonian national football team. On 19 December 2007 Lazarevski was thought to be in England on a trial-basis training with Premier League team Derby County; it was unsuccessful and he returned to Poland. In late February, Lazarevski emerged in Ukraine, training with a team of Ukrainian Premier League FC Metalist Kharkiv. Soon after transfer", "id": "20997435" }, { "contents": "Rugby league derbies in the United Kingdom\n\n\nin the league. The Hull Derby is considered to be one of the most fierce in Rugby League due to both of the clubs residing from within the same city. The Leeds Derby is contested between Leeds and Hunslet. Leeds play in the north Leeds district of Headingley whilst Hunslet is a district in southern Leeds. The rivalry between Leeds and Hunslet has become very one-sided due to Leeds becoming one of the so-called big four sides in recent times, whilst Hunslet have rarely played in the top division in decades", "id": "8853496" }, { "contents": "Derby County F.C.\n\n\nNovember. He was succeeded by Paul Jewell, who failed to save the club as Derby suffered the Premier League's earliest ever relegation, in March, recorded the Premier League's lowest-ever points total, and equalled Loughborough's 108-year Football League record of going through an entire season with only one win, which occurred during the 1899–1900 season when Loughborough finished bottom of the Second Division. In January 2008, Derby was taken over by an international investment group led by General Sports and Entertainment, with Pearson remaining as \"de", "id": "3870077" }, { "contents": "First Professional Football League (Bulgaria)\n\n\nFirst League. The football rivalry, which has attracted the most domestic and international attention over the years has been played between the two most successful clubs in the history of Bulgarian football, CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia, otherwise known as the Eternal derby of Bulgarian football. The second largest Bulgarian city Plovdiv also has its own derby match, known as the Plovdiv derby, and is contested between the two historic clubs in the city, Botev and Lokomotiv. Other notable rivalries include matches contested between Cherno More and Spartak in the city", "id": "15314543" }, { "contents": "Gamal Hamza\n\n\nGamal Hamza () (born 5 December 1981 in Cairo, Egypt) is an Egyptian former footballer. He played for Zamalek SC for most of his football career. He last played for the Egyptian Premier League side Haras El-Hodood. Hamza is a Zamalek youth academy graduate, and is considered one of the best Egyptian forwards. He is one of the highest scoring players in Cairo Derby against Al Ahly with eight goals. He is known for once having sported a reverse-Mohawk haircut, which he has since abandoned", "id": "11403090" } ]

[ { "contents": "Pattie Brooks\n\n\n& Dawn\" fame). This was released as a \"Bonus-Exclusive\" on the compilation \"First Ladies of Disco - Rick Gianatos Presents the Music.\" Also in 2013, Brooks was included in the book \"The First Ladies Of Disco\". On April 19, 2014, the video and CD-single (with ten mixes) of \"I Like The Way You Move\" were released. The video features a star-studded cast, including Scherrie Payne, Charlo Crossley and Peggi Blu. Brooks'", "id": "14279639" }, { "contents": "Muhammad bin Tughluq (play)\n\n\n. Tughluq cleverly remarks \"I know I will have your support for every move I make. And as long as you remain like this, our country will remain like this\", bringing out the two-way connotation of his sentence. In 1971, the play was made into a film by Cho himself, casting the same team of actors. The film was also quite successful and stays a well-remembered till today. The plot for the film is made much more deep, well-dramatized, lengthy and adds", "id": "7451525" }, { "contents": "Brian Eno\n\n\nin the music magazine NME: \"I was delighted to find this other way of using video because at last here's video which draws from another source, which is painting... I call them 'video paintings' because if you say to people 'I make videos', they think of Sting's new rock video or some really boring, grimy 'Video Art'. It's just a way of saying, 'I make videos that don't move very fast.\" These works presented Eno with the opportunity to", "id": "5862953" }, { "contents": "You Are Here (2010 film)\n\n\ncast himself, because he thought the role was similar to videos he made before where he was the performer, but changed his mind:I ... really liked, structurally, the center of the movie being about someone who puts himself in his own experiment, and I as the moviemaker, putting myself in the role. But when we were doing auditions I used Chinese room text as audition material as a test, and this one guy, Anand Rajaram, read ... in a way that was creepy and hilarious and upsetting at", "id": "18220135" }, { "contents": "In da Club\n\n\nI think I could have done better with it, but I really liked the way that it turned out\". The video also contains a shooting range, which Atwell felt was appropriate because 50 Cent had been shot nine times. He said, \"creatively, I felt like we were able to put guns in a video and have it play. And I like it when you are able to play within the standards and still give the artist something symbolic of what they are going for.\" The video ends with the", "id": "4978126" }, { "contents": "2006 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony\n\n\n\"Multis\" took out large red and yellow paper flowers, alluding to Lee's upcoming video for the song. During the song, girls dressed in pink costumes, reminiscent of a 1980-1990's videos Kylie Minogue music video danced with large sweetheart lollies. These girls were known on-site as the \"sweetheart girls\". The Bodyrockers performed their hit \"I Like the Way (You Move)\" while the \"multis\" and \"sweetheart girls\" performed separate dances. Towards the end of the song,", "id": "17091862" }, { "contents": "Leila Roy\n\n\nyou don't get time to rehearse, there are ups and down and it's so quick to film. You learn all the technical side of things, which is fabulous but for me, I want to move on. It seems like a good time to go as projects are being commissioned that are big for Asian actors - the casting world is moving forward. Young Asian actors are being cast in lead roles in which the characters are who they are regardless of their skin colour. Casting's definitely on a turn compared", "id": "5334771" }, { "contents": "List of artists influenced by Michael Jackson\n\n\na mother figure to him, she was often observed in rehearsal as an accomplished performer. He later expressed: \"I got to know her well. She taught me so much. I used to just sit in the corner and watch the way she moved. She was art in motion. I studied the way she moved, the way she sang – just the way she was.\" He told her: \"I want to be just like you, Diana.\" She said: \"You just be yourself.", "id": "1247533" }, { "contents": "You Don't Know (702 song)\n\n\nwhich says] 'I think I'm going crazy. I like you too much.\" The official music video for \"You Don't know\" was directed by Bille Woodruff and it features the ladies in a futuristic setting throughout the video. The video starts with the girls dressed as robots, while they are moving in a robotic fashion various clips from the music video are shown on medium TV screens. On one TV screen Meelah is shown and she is wearing a white dress and as she sings white doves are flying", "id": "7454424" }, { "contents": "Born to Die (song)\n\n\nsay that this video is the most beautiful thing I've ever done. I hope you like it – this isn't the time or way I wanted to show you the video but I'm in Beijing with no access to social media, and the videos been leaked from Russia so someone is posting this for me.\" Bradley Soileau plays Del Rey's fictional boyfriend in the video and was interviewed numerous times about the role. \"Billboard\" asked if his proximity to Del Rey caused him to become erect, to which", "id": "10009564" }, { "contents": "Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes\n\n\nunions, a clear treasonous act and you did nothing! I am enclosing a better and more detailed healthcare questionnaire which I produced in 1992 and quantified in 1996 twenty years before you thought of it. We also conducted an ergonomic study of orgatherm welders and have a written documented detailed report with video recorded interviews and work place reviews. By the way, what are you doing about the weed spraying and its effects on your men? Would you like some data from the carriers records, I can send it? You don't", "id": "2162794" }, { "contents": "Drive (The Cars song)\n\n\nmanager of The Cars. They were listening to tracks from the then-unreleased album \"Heartbeat City\" and Hutton told Roberts he was particularly impressed by the track \"Drive.\" At that time, everybody was making videos. It was the height of MTV, and when you made a record, you were also thinking about the video. I talked to Elliott about how much I liked that song \"Drive,\" and I started describing all the different ways I thought they could go with it, as far as", "id": "19610421" }, { "contents": "Jealous (Nick Jonas song)\n\n\nspan A3 to D5 (in scientific pitch notation) Talking about the video, Jonas said: \"The video is basically a trip into the mind of Nick Jonas by way of stream of consciousness. So the director, Peter, he said 'I think if you asked someone right now, 'Who is Nick Jonas?' I think you'd get a million different answers. After having the chance to get to know you, I feel like none of them would really be right because you are so different than the", "id": "17485475" }, { "contents": "The Way You Move\n\n\nThe video's performance shots eventually gravitate to other locations during the video's running time, featuring several young women who Big Boi, dressed in a pimp's suit, attempts to pick up. The video features an appearance from Fonzworth Bentley and another from actress Ki Toy Johnson. \"The Way You Move\" music video was designed to be shown in tandem with the video for André 3000's \"Hey Ya!\". A long-form \"The Way You Move/Hey Ya!\" video combines both clips with", "id": "17792170" }, { "contents": "Pierce Brosnan\n\n\nso sorry'. She was crying, Michael was stoic and he said, 'You were a great James Bond. Thank you very much' and I said, 'Thank you very much. Goodbye.' \"That was it. I was utterly shocked and just kicked to the kerb with the way it went down.\" During his tenure on the James Bond films Brosnan also took part in James Bond video games. In 2002, Brosnan's likeness was used as the face of Bond in the James Bond video", "id": "12934642" }, { "contents": "Right There (Nicole Scherzinger song)\n\n\nwith Scherzinger on \"Whatever You Like\". Scherzinger in interview to MTV News she said, \"I wanted to kinda keep the video pretty simple because I wanted it iconic. The way you get iconic pictures and memorable videos is just by keeping it simple.\" The video makes use of product placement of Belvedere. The music video premiered on VEVO.com on May 4, 2011. Two versions were premiered the same day, one being the solo version and the other one featuring 50 Cent. Scherzinger revealed she was excited to", "id": "2885454" }, { "contents": "Make Me (Cry)\n\n\ninto being about a toxic love and that's when I was like, 'Lab, there's no way I'm doing this without you.' It was so organic, and I think that shows in the video because it's very real. I think it's cool because they're asleep the whole time and you're trying to get into this person and they're just not listening to you. The video really explains the song.\" \"Teen Vogue\"s De Elizabeth dubbed it a \"gut-wrenching power-", "id": "1192013" }, { "contents": "The Way That I Love You\n\n\nabout a series of murders inspired by \"The Way That I Love You\" music video and the upcoming release of \"The Declaration\". The message could be customized to include the victim's name and crime, the murder weapon, and the sender's name and home state. The choices for crimes were sleeping around, suspected sleeping around, playing you like a fool, and breaking your heart. The weapons included a boot, knife, can, sledgehammer, rolling pin, and a guillotine. The news report ends", "id": "11020322" }, { "contents": "Video painting\n\n\n' because if you say to people 'I make videos', they think of Sting's new rock video or some really boring, grimy 'Video Art'. It's just a way of saying, 'I make videos that don't move very fast.\" The idea of video painting was later taken up in Hilary Lawson’s theory of Closure (published 2001), in which he proposed that the world is open and that we close that openness with thought and language. He reinterpreted art as the attempt to", "id": "5221405" }, { "contents": "Forgiveness (Wretch 32 song)\n\n\nthink it needed to be gritty and dark to make you feel like wow and I think we managed to do that. Theres two ways to do videos either going with the concept of the song or a completely different one to the song which works sometimes; but this was one of them songs where I thought it would be best to stick to everything and just do it like that.\" The music video was commissioned by Ministry of Sound. The team behind the music video are Director Matthew Walker, Producer Benjamin Everingham", "id": "4721686" }, { "contents": "Kissing You (Des'ree song)\n\n\nMiami. Beyoncé discussed the music video with MTV, stating that, \"[The video] feels like something you shouldn't be seeing, like you found a home video. It's very raw: no retouching, no special effects. That's who I am. You can see my soul.\" In an interview with \"Vibe\" Beyoncé recalled the video, \"I didn't have any hair and makeup. [The video features] just me on the beach and in the sun, and I brought one", "id": "18113683" }, { "contents": "Through the Wire\n\n\nstated, \"I don't like gettin' ideas from direct shit ... I like to pull ideas from all the way over here. Sometimes my vision can't be explained in words, 'cause I couldn't have even told you in words how I envisioned that video ending up.\" Chike recalled the making of the clip, saying, \"one day Coodie calls me out the blue about a concept he and Kanye had for a video revolving around Polaroid snapshots. I was leaving work at 7 PM only to come back", "id": "16401985" }, { "contents": "I Want You (Janet Jackson song)\n\n\nof the trailer wearing a So So Def jacket, and that's when I got the idea, 'it would be great if you do a whole video if you look like you do now when you're going home'. It took her a minute, she thought about it, she asked JD if he'd be okay with doing the video, 'cus I was begging and I was like, 'if I could get the two of you in a simple video together, it's gonna be gold.", "id": "11881572" }, { "contents": "Can't Stop Killing You\n\n\n's music video was directed by Tim Hunter. MacColl told \"Videowave\": \"When we came to make the video, I wanted to do it like I'd seen it in my head. We got a couple of great actors in it and I was really pleased with the performances they gave. [The video's] quite funny in a way and it's sort of frightening as well. I think it's a weird combination of scary and crazy.\" Upon release, Andrew Boyd of the \"Reading Evening", "id": "19503905" }, { "contents": "I Need You (N-Dubz song)\n\n\nwe might have gone to No.1 if it wasn't for [...] X Factor. You work so long and then someone comes up after five minutes and you feel like 'You don't deserve it like we do.' That sounds bad but that's how I feel... The music video for \"I Need You\" was filmed on 13 September 2009. It was produced by Luti Fagbenle who has produced music videos for the likes of Craig David and Mr Hudson. The video was directed by American director Dale \"", "id": "13785569" }, { "contents": "Hannah Fierman\n\n\n\"Amateur Night\". On being cast, Fierman admitted that the concept confused her somewhat, \"You know, somebody comes up to you and says, ‘Hey, want to be a naked demon girl in my movie?’ It's like, Gosh, do I? But David is such an amazing storyteller. It was so interesting the way he described it...I thought he was a brilliant director.\" She also found the character sympathetic, \"I wanted the viewer to be on her team even after", "id": "1671126" }, { "contents": "The Story of Light (Shinee album)\n\n\nand like the music video for \"Good Evening\", the music video for \"I Want You\" features a CGI fox. It also showcases old school green screen graphics recalling '80s sci-fi tropes and while \"Good Evening\" featured a loose choreography, the dance moves to \"I Want You\" are more playful and tightly-angled. The accompanying music video to \"Our Page\" shows the four members working on their own and doing various activities before they eventually come together to perform the song atop of", "id": "14827517" }, { "contents": "Scherrie Payne\n\n\nto Pattie Brooks single \"I Like The Way You Move.\" And in 2014 she can be seen in the accompanying video as one of the judges. On July 5, 2014, Ms. Payne, along with Susaye Greene performed at the Sheraton in Los Angeles a concert program based on their album \"Partners\" which was released by Motown in 1979. They were featured in the magazine Daeida, with a beautiful photo shoot. The article chronicled career highlights with the Supremes and separately and the re-release of their \"", "id": "550382" }, { "contents": "Thursday Afternoon\n\n\ncontent is a series of images that stay static for some time and then slowly move forward, often to pause again. Various video techniques were implemented, such as image feedback, to create a very different interpretation of video and the nude. Eno himself was aware of the newness of what he was doing. \"I was delighted to find this other way of using video because at last here's video which draws from another source, which is painting ... I call them \"video paintings\" because if you say to people", "id": "9636261" }, { "contents": "Stuart Semple\n\n\nthe BBC and also in a conversation with IndechsPainting in a way is like a recording of a moment, a live moment, where you were what you did, how you physically moved your body. A music recording is the same. I can think of a series of paintings that go together like an album, that make thematic sense that sit together, that's useful for me. I can get a little phrase, or a hook or a melody in my mind. It's an image idea though and I live", "id": "14940392" }, { "contents": "Nina Videoke\n\n\nby the first ever complete live DVD in Philippine music history, \"Nina Live!\". The video contains music videos of her number one singles \"Jealous\", \"Foolish Heart\", \"Make You Mine\", \"I Don't Want To Be Your Friend\" and the longest number one OPM single in 2000's era, \"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways\". It also includes her music videos, which were shot with the use of special visual effects, such as \"Heaven\", \"Loving You", "id": "20550720" }, { "contents": "Baby (Justin Bieber song)\n\n\n\"is like a 2010 version of Michael Jackson's \"The Way You Make Me Feel\".\" Bieber said that the video \"will capture the song's message of trying to woo back a girl.\" In explaining the concept of the video, Bieber said, \"It starts off, I really like this girl, but we didn't [get] along; we couldn't be together. Basically I want her back and [I'm] kind of going through the whole thing. I'm chasing her", "id": "779809" }, { "contents": "Shakin' It 4 Daddy\n\n\nI played him [Jay-Z] the whole album. He was like, 'You should get Nicki Minaj on that. She's got that voice. She's got that swag.'\" They immediately called her when she accepted to provide her vocals on the song. Thicke further commented on Minaj, \"I can't wait to do a video with Nicki. There's a power in her. It's not just that she's sexy and that's the only way she can get you to like her", "id": "21116053" }, { "contents": "What Remains (TV series)\n\n\n; its writer, Tony Basgallop (\"Hotel Babylon\", \"Inside Men\"), seems to be more interested in the way we live now than in weapons and motives. You will have gathered that I think his script strains credulity and that he's very lucky indeed his cast includes the likes of Threlfall and Bamber. Gerard O'Donovan, writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", said\"What Remains\" served up such a thumper it made me very glad I'd persisted through the four, at times glacially slow-moving", "id": "21327206" }, { "contents": "The Ultimate Tour (Steps)\n\n\nMaroon 5's hit \"Moves Like Jagger\" with Rihanna's \"S&M\". Faye performs \"One Night Only\". H performs a cover of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believin'\". Lisa sings a medley of \"Heaven\", \"Beautiful People\" and her debut hit single \"Lately\". Finally, Claire, performs a cover of Celine Dion's \"I Surrender\". The next section begins with an operatic-style video interlude. \"It's the Way You Make Me Feel\" is", "id": "19051690" }, { "contents": "Love It If We Made It\n\n\n\"modernity has failed us\" is accompanied by footage of Grenfell Tower burning. Healy and backing dancers then perform the dance from the music video of Michael Jackson's song \"The Way You Make Me Feel\", referencing 'the MTV generation'. A image of Brett Kavanaugh is displayed during the lines \"liberal kitsch\" and one of Donald Trump is displayed during the lines \"I moved on her like a bitch\". Footage of protests against the president are shown during the lines \"excited to be indicted\" and", "id": "21704263" }, { "contents": "The Way You Love Me (Keri Hilson song)\n\n\nyour favorite rapper blush.\" while Jocelyn Vena the same news division of MTV commented that even though there are several cameo appearances in the mini-move, it is ultimately Hilson's \"scantily clad popping and locking that has everyone buzzing.\" Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine called the video \"overproduced and under-clothed.\" Mariel Concepcion of \"Billboard\" wrote that she first saw the video for \"The Way You Love Me\", it seemed like Hilson was trying a bit hard to her. However, part", "id": "14293642" }, { "contents": "Joy (Fefe Dobson album)\n\n\nfor \"I Want You\" in Simlish for the PC game \"\". On August 5, 2009, a group of music videos premiered on MTV, The N, and LOGO. They consisted of the individual video for \"I Want You\", a mashup of \"I Want You\" and \"Watch Me Move\" entitled \"I Want You 2 Watch Me Move\", and a remix of \"I Want You\". On August 11, 2009, Dobson performed a concert at the Mercury Lounge in New", "id": "6982162" }, { "contents": "Lil Freak\n\n\nway.\" On Minaj and her pairing with Usher, Stansberry said, \" [Nicki] had a few looks that I really liked. She played the part, but still was her. If you really listen to her words in the song, you can kinda visualize her outfit.\" Stansberry also confirmed that R&B singer Ciara and singer-actor Jamie Foxx would make appearances in the video. In an interview with MTV News on the set of her video for \"Massive Attack\", Minaj said that \"The video", "id": "12012384" }, { "contents": "The Edge of Glory\n\n\nvideo was compared to Michael Jackson's \"The Way You Make Me Feel,\" Janet Jackson's \"When I Think of You\" and \"The Pleasure Principle\", and the film, \"Crimes of Passion\", all of them being 1980s videos and films. He did, however, criticize Gaga's \"half-convincing\" lip-synching. Writing for \"The Washington Post\", Sarah Anne Hughes called the video \"shockingly simple\". Amos Barshad from \"New York\" liked the straight approach Gaga", "id": "4905191" }, { "contents": "TRL's Number Ones\n\n\nAugust 26: \"Disturbia\" - Rihanna August 27: \"Disturbia\" - Rihanna August 28: High School Videos September 2: \"Disturbia\" - Rihanna September 3: \"Whatever You Like\" - T. I. September 4: VMA Videos September 8: \"Whatever You Like\" - T. I. September 9: ( MTV. com Streams ) \"Official Girl\" - Cassie featuring Lil' Wayne September 10: \"Whatever You Like\" - T. I. September 11: \"Whatever You Like\" - T. I. October 14", "id": "13818362" }, { "contents": "Hello Again (The Cars song)\n\n\n-unknown Gina Gershon also appeared in the video. Keyboardist Greg Hawkes said \"I think [Warhol] mainly did some of the conceptualizing and showed up to be an extra. And he invited his various friends to be in it. It was like any video shoot, but with a more interesting cast of characters. And you could always look over on the set and go 'Hey that's Andy Warhol.'\" The music video explored the controversial topics of sex and violence (mostly the former) that were being", "id": "18610718" }, { "contents": "Hung Up\n\n\nwith her ideas for the video. The director explained that he \"kind of liked that we didn't have time to over-think this and be too clever, I like being out on a limb and not know what we're doing and why. Just deal with it, the mayhem, you know?\" Madonna clarified that the video was a tribute to John Travolta and to dance in general. Her dance moves for the video, which were inspired by Travolta's movies like \"Saturday Night Fever\" (1977", "id": "5512246" }, { "contents": "Secret (Madonna song)\n\n\nduplicated. Or, should I say, often irritated? If you feel like it, you can download the sound file of my new single \"Secret\", from my new album, \"Bedtime Stories\", which comes out next month. I just shot the video in New York, and will be premiering an exclusive sample of it online. So check back soon. In the meantime, why don't you post me a message and let me know what you think of my new song. And by the way", "id": "10856633" }, { "contents": "Romancing the Stone\n\n\nI was having to do to adjust my acting to some of his damn cameras – sometimes he puts you in ridiculous postures. I'd say, 'This is not helping me! This is not the way I like to work, thank you!'\" Despite their difficulties on the film, Zemeckis would go on to work with Turner again, casting her as the voice of Jessica Rabbit in 1988's \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\". Upon the release of \"Romancing the Stone\", comparisons to \"Raiders of", "id": "13891850" }, { "contents": "David Tapp\n\n\n\" In the same interview, Glover commented on his attraction to the film and the prospect of playing Tapp in \"Saw\", stating, \"I saw 10-12 minutes of video of the first scene here and I was really impressed with it. I was impressed by the way of the shot, the way the camera moved, and the kind of subtlety and the language of the story. Sometimes you look at a story and you're looking at the language of the story and how does the person use language", "id": "5341054" }, { "contents": "I.Q. (film)\n\n\nbelieve it, but he should spend the whole time trying to say, \"Hey, I'm lying to you,\" and be constantly frustrated. Because of that attitude, he pulled the film this way, he pulled it that way while we were writing and it just felt messy. And nobody ever understood the value of those four scientists, and I like the cast that I had, but the other three scientists apart from Walter Matthau were originally going to be Peter Ustinov, Barry Humphries and John Cleese. I", "id": "6779201" }, { "contents": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody\n\n\nVideo News\" gave it a critical rating of \"AAAA\", praising the sex scenes and cast of characters. Sarah Schneider of Splitsider called it \"great\", noting she enjoyed the impressions of the characters and the complex story. \"TLA Video\" writer Spock Buckton gave the film four stars, writing that \"In a year of shitty parodies that were about as funny as a dick chancre, Seinfeld stood out like a sore thumb... you know, in a good way!\" XCritic's Don Houston awarded it", "id": "16815633" }, { "contents": "Stuck (Adelitas Way album)\n\n\nsome point, you know, they feel stuck in life, they feel like their feet are in the mud,\" he said. \"You know, they feel like they're trying to pull out and trying to move forward and trying to grow, and just sometimes you can't.\" \"Dog on a Leash\" is the first single from \"Stuck\" and was released on April 8, 2014. The music video was released exclusively on April 29, 2014. The song reached number seven on the U.S.", "id": "349245" }, { "contents": "Cindy Blackman Santana\n\n\nand then like 30 more. I was like, 'whoa, this is an audition'. I ended up playing and instead of staying for one or two days, I stayed for two weeks and did the first video that I did with him, \"Are You Gonna Go My Way\". Apart from 2004, I played with him ever since.\" Blackman had previously only played jazz shows and was unprepared to play for an entire arena. \"The first time I played in a really large concert with", "id": "8155252" }, { "contents": "Once Upon a Midnight\n\n\nof saying 'I hate you' but really meaning 'I like you' which is taken literally.\" Journalist Ursula Beaumont goes on to note that \"Targeting teenage audiences with an experience that introduces 'the other' in a fun, positive, familiar way with the monsters crossing the cultural divide, is a refreshing approach to gaining understanding of another culture. What's more, it's a young bi-cultural cast strutting their stuff, making the production a unique work...\" Speaking to the Helpmann Academy's Arts", "id": "4778541" }, { "contents": "Stay (Rihanna song)\n\n\n, tell me now, tell me now you know/ Not really sure how to feel about it/ Something in the way you move/ Makes me feel like I can't live without you/ it takes me all the way/ I want you to stay.\" Lewis Corner for Digital Spy wrote that Rihanna's vocals glow over the simple yet effective piano riffs. \"Stay\" received favorable reviews from music critics. Jon Dolan for \"Rolling Stone\" was complimentary of Rihanna's execution of the song, writing that she performs it \"within", "id": "8477299" }, { "contents": "2AM (band)\n\n\na Japanese version on November 9, 2011. On January 2012, they released their first Japanese single \"\", a Japanese version of the band's Korean single, \"Even if I Die, I Can't Let You Go (죽어도 못보내).\" It successfully entered both Oricon Daily Chart and Weekly Chart in the top 3. They released their second Korean EP F.Scott Fitzgerald's Way Of Love and released the music video for the lead track of the album, \"I Wonder If You Hurt Like Me\".", "id": "12839090" }, { "contents": "Just What I Am\n\n\nthe devil! I know he’s friends with Satan! I can feel it.' You know what I mean? Niggas be knowing I guess. So my way of tricking everybody, being that I had that control, I was like, 'Oh man. Wouldn’t it be cool if we just threw a bunch of fucking Satanic devil-worship Illuminati symbols into the video, just like abruptly popping up all over the place and fuck people up?' Just to fuck with them and then not say anything,", "id": "2182883" }, { "contents": "Language (The Contortionist album)\n\n\nwas released on November 24, 2015. The new version contains four re-worked tracks accompanied by four live session music videos. \"Rediscovered was the result of our music naturally leading itself through new ideas developed onstage and in rehearsal. In a way, you could think of it as an artistically selfish move: we want these songs to continue their evolution and life. I can't wait to do something like this again. Reinterpreting the songs after months of experimenting onstage keeps the experience and energy fresh for everyone that celebrates", "id": "9851036" }, { "contents": "Lance Wilkinson\n\n\nand Joel, Bibby said \"Together, we have this dynamic and kind of compliment each other, I guess you could say. We bounce off each other and we know how each other works, yet we are constantly thrown into situations that we have to try and get ourselves out of. That's where the humour comes from.\" Bibby opined that viewers liked Lance the way he is and he agreed with them, saying \"I just want to see him stay the way as he was when I was cast.", "id": "3079388" }, { "contents": "Duran Duran\n\n\nI remember our director of talent and artist relations came running in and said, \"You have got to see this video that's come in\". Duran Duran were getting zero radio airplay at the time, and MTV wanted to try to break new music. \"Hungry Like the Wolf\" was the greatest video I'd ever seen\". The band's video work was influential in several ways. First, Duran Duran filmed in exotic locales like Sri Lanka and Antigua, creating memorable images that were radically different from the", "id": "16941887" }, { "contents": "I Belong to You/How Many Ways\n\n\n\"I Belong to You\"/\"How Many Ways\", alternatively \"How Many Ways\"/\"I Belong to You\" in the vinyl edition, is the fifth and final single from American R&B singer Toni Braxton's self-titled debut album, \"Toni Braxton\" (1993). The single was released in the United States in 1994 with both songs as double-sided songs. \"I Belong to You\" was written by Vassal Benford and Ronald Spearman and produced by Benford. While there was no music video for \"I Belong to You", "id": "17678785" }, { "contents": "Guiye Frayo\n\n\nin 2010 with \"The Walk\", again in 2011 Tom Robinson officially presented \"A Magnetic Field Called Love\" single release, the video clip to the song was launched the same week. Finally in 2014 their song \"You and Me\" was played on (BBC Introducing). In 2015 the song \"The Way I Like You\" from their EP TWILY was featured in the popular video editing app Magisto. Guiye Frayo was originally a solo project by Guillermo. He had met Veronica in a previous band in which", "id": "11949344" }, { "contents": "Human Nature (Madonna song)\n\n\nthe main problem was that he did not prefer too much dancing in the videos, because that resulted in extra editing. I remember most of the video you had shot with the crane, some Steadicam, plus some panning. So you have about five different cameras shooting a performance, and after they edit like crazy. It gives you a lot of freedom, but I feel very frustrated because I like to see somebody dancing. I hate when there's too much editing. I like the steadiness of the performance because then", "id": "13951371" }, { "contents": "Bad (Michael Jackson song)\n\n\nIt's like a train coming across the screen ... and that's the effect I was looking for and it worked\". The music video received a nomination for choreography at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards Ceremony. The video for \"Bad\" and Michael Jackson's \"The Way You Make Me Feel\" video were both nominated for Best Choreography. However, Janet Jackson's video \"The Pleasure Principle\". won the award. \"Bad\" was performed during Jackson's \"Bad\" world tour concert series from 1987", "id": "20705950" }, { "contents": "Make It Happen (film)\n\n\nand I always liked the way he lights. We've done music videos that have been amazing and every frame is like a portrait or a picture.\" With the main principles of the production set, the filmmakers went on to find their Lauryn Kirk. On July 11, 2007, Rotten Tomatoes reveal the casting of Mary Elizabeth Winstead in the lead role. Winstead, who started dancing at the age of four, was thrilled and a little shocked to be offered the role of Lauryn. \"I actually got offered the", "id": "18968356" }, { "contents": "The Strangers (2008 film)\n\n\nto Los Angeles: \"I especially liked Bryan's way of saying a lot, but not saying everything. Often in movies, it's all spelled out for you, and the dialogue is very explanatory. But Bryan doesn't write like that; he writes how normal people communicate—with questions lingering. I knew it would be interesting to act that.\" Canadian actor Scott Speedman was cast as James. Speedman was also impressed by the script, stating that \"the audience actually gets time to breathe with the characters", "id": "5766332" }, { "contents": "Christina Ricci\n\n\n, I have never, ever been cast in a role like this and I would never get this part normally [...] I'm just not seen in that way. There are categories that people fall into, and types, and I was never a romantic lead. Basically, you couldn't get five people in a room to agree that I should be a romantic lead. I could get one person, but there's always more than one person whose opinion matters\". In the 2018 psychological thriller \"Distorted\"", "id": "3840115" }, { "contents": "Video Phone (song)\n\n\nMTV News, she explained: \"What I was excited about is with B[eyoncé], I had no ego. Neither of us had an ego. It wasn't about competition. It was about, like, 'Man let's give the world what they want. Let's do a real girl-power collaboration where we support one another.' I said, 'I want to do you in your video, and I want to tribute you. I want to dress up like you'. And Hype Williams", "id": "11987150" }, { "contents": "Touch Me (I Want Your Body)\n\n\ncrowd wearing ripped denim jeans. During the song she pulls a young man from the crowd and teases him before moving on to someone else. A stand-out scene from the video is the close-up shot of Fox as she is heard moaning in a sexual manner. The song itself is layered with sexual lines, including: \"Like a tramp in the night, I was begging for you, to treat my body like you wanted to\" and of course the chorus itself, \"Touch me, touch me", "id": "11967123" }, { "contents": "Philip Larkin\n\n\nwas the vantage point later commemorated in the poem \"High Windows.\" Of the city itself Larkin commented: \"I never thought about Hull until I was here. Having got here, it suits me in many ways. It is a little on the edge of things, I think even its natives would say that. I rather like being on the edge of things. One doesn't really go anywhere by design, you know, you put in for jobs and move about, you know, I've lived in", "id": "73231" }, { "contents": "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film)\n\n\nlong before he was cast as George Stacy his friend Jeff Garlin, a Spider-Man fan, \"said to me, 'The first time I met you, I thought you were George Stacy!' This was like 30 years ago. I was like, 'What?!'\" Director Webb said of his casting, \"[W]e all trust Denis Leary. He's got this attitude, but you love him.\" Chris Zylka portrays Flash Thompson, a high school bully who is also the captain of", "id": "2606561" }, { "contents": "I'm Like a Lawyer with the Way I'm Always Trying to Get You Off (Me & You)\n\n\npremiered the video on September 14. Fall Out Boy decided to film the music video in Uganda after hearing of the organization Invisible Children, Inc.. The band originally intended to create a documentary-style film, but decided to focus on a love story between two Ugandan children, opining that the treatment \"seemed a lot more dangerous and compelling. I mean, have you ever seen a love story between Ugandan people — especially with a rock band — on 'TRL'?\" Invisible Children co-founder Bobby Bailey referred", "id": "5042249" }, { "contents": "'Til I Hear You Sing\n\n\n\"'Til I Hear You Sing\" is a song from the musical \"Love Never Dies\", the 2010 sequel to \"The Phantom of the Opera\". It was originally performed by Ramin Karimloo as the Phantom during the London run and was recorded with him for the original London cast album. The Phantom sings about how he has done next to nothing in the ten years since the events of the first musical took place. He now feels like he cannot be productive in any way until he hears Christine sing", "id": "7114343" }, { "contents": "Nicole Franklin\n\n\n2008 it was announced that ex-\"Neighbours\" star Tessa James had been cast as Nicole. Executive producer Cameron Welsh said \"She is an exciting talent and I think audiences are going to love her character and respond really well to her.\" James then moved to Sydney especially for the role. Speaking of working on the serial James stated: \"Working on a series like this [\"Home and Away\"] is the best training you can get, I look at it like an apprenticeship and never forget how lucky I am", "id": "8445668" }, { "contents": "Rain Dogs\n\n\nspirit in the studio. He's very spontaneous, he moves like some kind of animal. I was trying to explain 'Big Black Mariah' and finally I started to move in a certain way and he said, 'Oh, why didn't you do that to begin with? Now I know what you're talking about.' It's like animal instinct.\" According to Barney Hoskyns, the album's general theme of \"the urban dispossessed\" was inspired in part by Martin Bell's 1984 documentary \"Streetwise", "id": "19044055" }, { "contents": "Kreep (song)\n\n\nThe Stylistics: \"Yesterday I seen someone who looked just like you She walked like you do, so I thought it was you\" According to Chino XL the interpolation was cleared by Radiohead in two days. A reason being Radiohead lead singer Thom Yorke's appreciation for the song. Thom Yorke was quoted as saying \"Chino made my song better than I made it\" in a 1996 interview. Two versions of the music video exist. A version which is intended for the album version and a video intended for the video", "id": "10586011" }, { "contents": "Arthur Horsfield\n\n\nstormed out of his office and was on my way down the stairs! (laughs) When I'd got to the bottom he shouted out \"If you don't f****** like it, you know what to do!\" So I shouted back \"yeah, well you can have it from me in writing tomorrow morning.\" Don't get me wrong, I did actually get on well with Stan, but I was young and feeling frustrated.' He moved to Newcastle United but only", "id": "14257842" }, { "contents": "Quasar (video game)\n\n\nown trail. The other cycles: violet, green, and blue, also move in a similar way. They are just like you except that the computer controls them. Likewise, if they crash into anything, they disappear. They leave trails, too. If one cycle crashes, the others remain until they are trapped and crash, one by one. To make them disappear, you must restrict the area in which they move by surrounding them. If they get boxed in, they will spiral to their own demise", "id": "10636788" }, { "contents": "Goodbyes (Post Malone song)\n\n\nmy head / I want you out of my bedroom tonight / There's no way I could save you / 'Cause I need to be saved too / I'm no good at goodbyes.\" Post Malone announced the track on social media on July 1, sharing an image styled like a film poster for the song, featuring the tagline \"Too Much Pleasure Is Pain\". The music video was released alongside the song on July 5, and directed by Colin Tilley. It features Malone playing a gang member who dies after", "id": "18855858" }, { "contents": "A Little Chaos\n\n\ncontinued with her when two weeks into shooting, Winslet announced that she was pregnant. In addition to directing, Rickman took the role of King Louis XIV. He explained that \"the only way I could do it was because in a way, he's like a director, Louis, so you kind of keep the same expression on your face. As a director, you see everything somehow. It's like a huge all-encompassing eye that sees everything, and it's able to cherry pick; ‘Move that", "id": "272004" }, { "contents": "The Way We Walk\n\n\nLies Down on Broadway\", \"The Musical Box\", \"Firth of Fifth\" and \"I Know What I Like (In Your Wardrobe)\", and snippets of \"That's All\", \"Illegal Alien\", \"Misunderstanding\" and \"Follow You Follow Me.\" While the two live albums issued prior to this video separated the shorter songs from the longer ones, \"The Way We Walk – Live in Concert\" offered a chance to see them in their original context. The only songs included", "id": "18997680" }, { "contents": "Love the Way You Lie\n\n\nfilmmaker Joseph Kahn. Despite having planned to shoot a feature film and stop directing pop videos, Kahn chose to work on \"Love the Way You Lie\" because, according to him, the song discusses an important topic. This was an opportunity for him to direct a video for Eminem without the comedic themes of their previous collaborations. For the video, Kahn considered the British actor Dominic Monaghan as a co-star for his versatility, which he thought would help him play an antagonist. Kahn cast the American actress Megan", "id": "15277093" }, { "contents": "Superpower (song)\n\n\nthis song is very soft and very slow, but the action you see is aggressive and very big. We discussed it many times to see if we'd have the performance in the video or not. We decided no, and I think it works really, really well. It's kind of like a brave move, if you think about it. Most artists can act and have all these different things, but they'll still fall back on the performance. A music video for \"Superpower\" was released on December", "id": "16844627" }, { "contents": "I Do (Colbie Caillat song)\n\n\nyou're not with that person, when you're thinking about them and knowing that you're ready to tell them that you love them.\" Caillat did get miffed at the way video directors were interpreting the song. She told AOL: \"Every single director who sent treatments in [made it] all [about a] wedding dress, or me at the altar or me dreaming about a wedding. And I was like, 'No. Come on, if you understood the song then you'd know it was", "id": "7572745" }, { "contents": "Magnolia (film)\n\n\ntogether an unintelligent cop character. He and Anderson did a few parodies of \"COPS\" with the director chasing Reilly around the streets with a video camera. Actress Jennifer Jason Leigh made an appearance in one of these videos. Some of Kurring's dialogue came from these sessions. This time around, Reilly wanted to do something different and told Anderson that he was \"always cast as these heavies or these semi-retarded child men. Can't you give me something I can relate to, like falling in love with a", "id": "8051914" }, { "contents": "Nobody's Smiling\n\n\nAnd for me putting em on my album cover is a way to give back. Saying ‘Look, we are all one in [sic] the same.’ You know what I’m saying? ‘I see y’all I see me. So, that’s why I’m putting y’all on my cover.’ I don’t need to be on the cover. I ain’t even in my first video…I asked em. I called them. I was like ‘Man, I want y’all", "id": "20736012" }, { "contents": "Quintron\n\n\n' a hand organ which used saliva as a tuning conductor. Describing how the apparatus works, Quintron explains that \"You had to spit on a stick, like a paint stir stick, and you had two metal leads that you would touch to either end of the line of spit and then you would move the leads closer together - higher pitch - and farther apart - lower pitch. The weird thing is that, the way I built the oscillator, spit was the only thing that I could use as a conducter (", "id": "12176705" }, { "contents": "Unknown Soldier (DC Comics)\n\n\nis, literally, up. Since Rich Johnson posted the news yesterday that Unknown Soldier will end with #25 I've been swamped with... loving emails from readers. The outpouring of affection and praise has been amazing. Thank you. The book may not have moved \"enough\" of... You to keep it alive, but it moved enough of you for me. Thank you. I promise the book will end in an awesome, natural way and that when... read in trades, will feel like it was always", "id": "18656275" }, { "contents": "I Want You (Janet Jackson song)\n\n\nthat the video was simple, and there was not a major production for wardrobe, hair and makeup. Explaining its concept, she stated \"I'm coming out of my apartment building and walking down the street, and you see all the goings-on in the neighborhood.\" Jackson praised Meyers as a director, saying \"I think he's a wonderful director and he's a good friend, we've been friends since the \"All for You\" video. He has a great eye.\" Hollywood casting agents", "id": "11881568" }, { "contents": "List of Home and Away characters (2008)\n\n\nWelsh said \"She is an exciting talent and I think audiences are going to love her character and respond really well to her.\" James then moved to Sydney especially for the role. Speaking of working on the serial James stated: \"Working on a series like this [\"Home and Away\"] is the best training you can get, I look at it like an apprenticeship and never forget how lucky I am.\" Fellow cast member Celeste Dodwell who plays Melody Jones originally auditioned for the part of Nicole.", "id": "22128450" }, { "contents": "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\n\n\n'That's weird, we do C-\"D\"-G'. Then he played it that way and said, 'You know, I like that better. I think I'll change it'. And I went, 'You mean you're going to change the chord of the song?' and he went, 'Yeah, I've never played it that way, and I like it a lot better'. Roger McGuinn's been playing that song for twenty years, and here I suggest he plays it this way,", "id": "7406380" }, { "contents": "Love the Way You Lie\n\n\ninvolvement made the video powerful, commenting for \"Vibe\": We wanted to make a specific story about two people—Meg and Dom—not a video that was representative of all couples or all domestic violence situations. I'm not saying that all couples fight this way. I just want people just to be able to identify with the characters and recognize that they've seen relationships like this where two people are together that are completely wrong for each other and things spiral out of control. ... Megan was the key to", "id": "15277095" }, { "contents": "Nina Girado videography\n\n\nperformance of \"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways\" earned three nominations on the Myx Music Awards 2006, while \"Burn\" won the Favorite Collaboration award. A music video was filmed for \"I Love You Goodbye\" which featured Nina breaking up with her lover at a bus stop. In 2006, the singles \"I Do\" and \"Someday,\" from her third studio album \"Nina\" (2006), were both directed by Treb Monteras II. The former won the Favorite Urban Video accolade at the Myx Music", "id": "18574689" }, { "contents": "All the Way... A Decade of Song & Video\n\n\n\" which reunites James Horner and Dion. The DVD also includes a bonus video and other goodies. \"Beauty and the Beast,\" \"Because You Loved Me\" and \"To Love You More\" were taken from the \"Live in Memphis\" home video. \"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face\" and \"All the Way\" were taken from Dion's 1999 CBS TV special. \"All the Way... A Decade of Song & Video\" spent 47 weeks on the Top Music Video Chart in the", "id": "16142750" }, { "contents": "Will Gill\n\n\nqualities of materials fascinated me.'\" After an inspirational journey around the Avalon Peninsula in 1996, Will Gill decided to move to St. John's, Newfoundland, where he was soon offered an opportunity to work as an apprentice at the bronze casting foundry located at the Boreal Sculpture Park and Garden Foundry, run by sculptor Luben Boykov and environmentalist John Evans. \"'There was something about the people and place when I came here that seemed just perfect for the way I am, the way I like to live,'", "id": "16702895" }, { "contents": "Like the Way I Do\n\n\nway I love you, does she stimulate you, attract and captivate you?\". In the verses she also accuses her lover of not putting enough effort on making the relationship work: \"You found out to love me you have to climb some fences\". \"Like the Way I Do\" is one of Etheridge's most famous songs and in her autobiography, she states: Etheridge also says that the studio version is actually a short version of the song since when she performs it live, she improvises a lot", "id": "15634873" }, { "contents": "Back to Love (Estelle song)\n\n\nThe music video for \"Back to Love\" features the original version of the song, which was produced by Jerry 'Wonda' Duplessis. In an interview with \"Factory78\", Estelle explained the meaning behind the song. She expressed, \"Well you guys know, like I said, that I write from realness so when I'm singing \"Back to Love\", that's a real experience. You know, finding my way back to being happy despite having my heart broken. Despite everything going wrong in love", "id": "1345157" }, { "contents": "The Way That I Love You\n\n\n\"The Boombox\" contributor summarized the video as \"Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.\" The music video was popular on MTV.com and \"Total Request Live\" where it peaked at number one and two, respectively. A publicity stunt was coordinated with the music video's release through Ashanti's website (TheWayThatILoveYou.com). The website allowed a user to create and send a personalized news report and a death threat to a contact. The message, stylized as a \"gotcha-gram\", featured a news report", "id": "11020321" }, { "contents": "Usman Khawaja\n\n\nCricket lady came down. She was like 'Oh, you need the locker rooms open?' I went 'yes please' and she started walking to the Pakistani change room. I was like, 'No, I'm that way, thank you'.\" In January 2017 Khawaja dabbed in celebration of his half-century scored in a Test match against Pakistan in Sydney. His move received mixed reactions, with some praising it, while others accused him of disrespecting his opponents. In April 2018, he was", "id": "12777361" }, { "contents": "And Then We Moved to Rossenarra\n\n\nto coast during the week the film would appear.\" Disney stared at me the way Eleanor Roosevelt would have looked at Heinrich Himmler... his face gone white and haggard... so shocked that his lower lip bobbled... \"It's like you were working for Metro and you tied up three of their biggest stars with National Embalming Week\"... The measure of Disney, the man, is that he did not fire me... I would have fired me. I felt like a murderer. That was 1937. It wasn't", "id": "13069392" }, { "contents": "Kazaky\n\n\nthe promotional single \"Horizon\" have been released. In September 29, 2014, Kazaky were featured in the song \"Strange Moves\" by The Hardkiss, to be released as a single with a music video. Zhezhel makes a special cameo appearance in \"Strange Moves\" alongside his former bandmates. In 2015, the final single from \"I Like It\", titled \"What You Gonna Do\", has been released. In the same year, the group makes a dance sequence cameo in the video for Loreen", "id": "10937943" }, { "contents": "Third Unitarian Church\n\n\n15 years. Church Fire of 1896 Just as congregants settled in for the 11:00 AM service October 25, 1896, a fire broke out on the lower level. A Sunday school teacher alerted Rev. Blake who was still in his office. Rev. Blake calmly entered the pulpit and asked, “My friends, I have a request to make of you. I want you all to go quietly out the rear way. There is no danger, and no occasion for haste, but I would like to have you move out quickly", "id": "3075776" }, { "contents": "Call Me Maybe\n\n\nhis phone number: \"I was like, 'I'm going to be completely honest with you. I'm not going to kiss a guy, especially for $500.' I said, 'I really don't think I'm comfortable kissing a guy for a music video [...] I said, 'You know what? What if instead of me kissing a guy at the end of the video, what if I just give a guy my number or something like that?'\". On March 26", "id": "17476674" } ]

[ { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\nfrom the \"Shigella\" bacteria to \"E. coli\" helped produce , the Shiga toxin-producing strain of \"E. coli.\" \"E. coli\" encompasses an enormous population of bacteria that exhibit a very high degree of both genetic and phenotypic diversity. Genome sequencing of a large number of isolates of \"E. coli\" and related bacteria shows that a taxonomic reclassification would be desirable. However, this has not been done, largely due to its medical importance, and \"E. coli\" remains one of the most diverse", "id": "18489349" }, { "contents": "Attenuator (genetics)\n\n\nAll such elements act in a translation-dependent manner by controlling the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, for example the expression of pathogenicity islands of some bacteria upon entry to a host. Recent data predict the existence of temperature-dependent alternative secondary structures (including Rho-independent terminators) upstream of cold shock proteins in \"E. coli\". Attenuation was first observed by Charles Yanofsky in the trp operon of \"E. coli\". The first observation was linked to two separate scientific facts. Mutations which knocked out the", "id": "376987" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli O104:H21\n\n\n\"Escherichia coli\" O104:H21 is a rare serotype of \"Escherichia coli\", a species of bacteria that lives in the lower intestines of mammals. The presence of many serotypes of \"E. coli\" in animals is beneficial or does not cause disease in animals. However, some serotypes of \" E. coli\" have been recognized as pathogenic to humans, e.g. , \"E. coli\" O121 and \"E. coli\" O104:H21. \"E. coli\" O104:H21 was discovered in 1982, when it caused", "id": "12173636" }, { "contents": "Origin of replication\n\n\neach of the two unwound DNA strands. The helicase DnaB forms the basis of the primosome, a complex of enzymes to which DNA polymerase III is recruited before replication can occur. Many bacteria, including \"E. coli\", contain plasmids that each contain an origin of replication, usually named \"oriV\" for vegetative replication. They in general still work by binding DnaA. These are separate from the origins of replication that are used by the bacteria to copy their genome and are regulated differently. For example, the \"E. coli", "id": "22036915" }, { "contents": "Sulfatide\n\n\n. \"Helicobacter pylori\", enterotoxigenic \"E. coli\" TOP10 strain, 987P-fimbriated enterotoxigenic \"E. coli\" (a strain of \"E. coli\"), and \"Lactobacillus reuteri\" are different strains of bacteria that are found to adhere to the gastrointestinal tract’s mucosal surface. Here, sulfatide is present within the tract and is loaded from outside the tract, aiding the bacteria in adherence to the mucosa. STb is an enterotoxin type B that is heat stable; additionally, it is secreted by the enterotoxigenic \"", "id": "18542373" }, { "contents": "Nylon-eating bacteria\n\n\nto a strain of \"E. coli\" bacteria via a plasmid transfer. There is scientific consensus that the capacity to synthesize nylonase most probably developed as a single-step mutation that survived because it improved the fitness of the bacteria possessing the mutation. More importantly, the enzyme involved was produced by a mutation completely randomizing the original gene. Despite this, the new gene still had a novel, albeit weak, catalytic capacity. This is seen as a good example of how mutations easily can provide the raw material for evolution by", "id": "17605769" }, { "contents": "DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase\n\n\nin \"E. coli\" and in mammalian cells. The major active enzymes of this class in bacteria, and specifically, \"E. coli\" is endonuclease type III, while in humans it is a Mg-dependent AP endonuclease, APE1. This enzyme encompasses a family of lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. Several names for DNA AP lyase include: AP lyase; AP endonuclease class I; endodeoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); deoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); E. coli endonuclease III; phage-T4 UV endonuclease", "id": "10885331" }, { "contents": "Ernest Duchesne\n\n\n, formerly: \"Bacillus typhosus\" (Eberth)) or \"Escherichia coli\" (formerly: \"Bacterium coli communis\") ; the \"Penicillium\" succumbed to the bacteria. Nevertheless, he wondered whether the \"Penicillium\" might have weakened the bacteria before the mold perished. So he injected guinea pigs with media containing bacteria (either typhoid or \"E. coli\") and media containing \"Penicillium glaucum\". The animals survived and were rendered immune to the bacteria. He speculated that molds might release toxins, as", "id": "12788780" }, { "contents": "Beanblossom Creek\n\n\nBeanblossom Creek is a stream in Monroe and Brown counties, Indiana, in the United States. The creek drains roughly 91.97 square miles into the two counties of south central Indiana. Beanblossom Creek was named for a pioneer named Beanblossom, who almost drowned when swimming across the swollen creek. A dam was constructed on Beanblossom Creek in the 1950s, forming Lake Lemon. From September to October 2001, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management conducted a comprehensive survey of the Beanblossom Creek Watershed. Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli bacteria) was", "id": "9158239" }, { "contents": "Groundwater pollution\n\n\nCanada leading to seven deaths in what is known as the Walkerton \"E. Coli\" outbreak. The water supply which was drawn from groundwater became contaminated with the highly dangerous strain of \"E. coli\" bacteria. This contamination was due to farm runoff into an adjacent water well that was vulnerable to groundwater pollution. The peri-urban areas of Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, have ground conditions which are strongly karstified and for this reason – together with the increasing population density in these peri-urban areas – pollution of water", "id": "8499919" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli in molecular biology\n\n\nexperiments using \"E. coli\", begun by Richard Lenski in 1988, have allowed direct observation of major evolutionary shifts in the laboratory. In this experiment, one population of \"E. coli\" unexpectedly evolved the ability to aerobically metabolize citrate. This capacity is extremely rare in \"E. coli\". As the inability to grow aerobically is normally used as a diagnostic criterion with which to differentiate \"E. coli\" from other, closely related bacteria such as \"Salmonella\", this innovation may mark a speciation event observed in the", "id": "16488560" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\nyears ago. The long-term evolution experiments using \"E. coli\", begun by Richard Lenski in 1988, have allowed direct observation of genome evolution over more than 65,000 generations in the laboratory. For instance, \"E. coli\" typically do not have the ability to grow aerobically with citrate as a carbon source, which is used as a diagnostic criterion with which to differentiate \"E. coli\" from other, closely, related bacteria such as \"Salmonella\". In this experiment, one population of \"E. coli\"", "id": "18489356" }, { "contents": "Nucleoid\n\n\nthe structure of the nucleoid of bacteria and archaea are observed after exposure to DNA damaging conditions. The nucleoids of the bacteria \"Bacillus subtilis\" and \"Escherichia coli\" both become significantly more compact after UV irradiation. Formation of the compact structure in \"E. coli\" requires RecA activation through specific RecA-DNA interactions. The RecA protein plays a key role in homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage. Similar to \"B. subtilis\" and \"E. coli\" above, exposure of the archaeon \"Haloferax volcanii\" to stresses that", "id": "7601790" }, { "contents": "E. coli long-term evolution experiment\n\n\nexperimental organism has allowed many generations and large populations to be studied in a relatively short period of time. Moreover, due to the long use of \"E .coli\" as a principle model organism in molecular biology, a wide array of tools, protocols, and procedures were available for studying changes at the genetic, phenotypic, and physiological levels. The bacteria can also be frozen and preserved while remaining viable. This has permitted the creation of what Lenski describes as a \"frozen fossil record\" of samples of evolving populations that", "id": "21911425" }, { "contents": "Isobutanol\n\n\nactive amino acid biosynthetic pathway by shifting part of it to alcohol production. It is proposed that these unusual alcohols can be produced as efficiently as the biosynthesis of ethanol. Escherichia coli \"Escherichia coli\", or \"E. coli\", is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. \"E. coli\" is the microorganism most likely to move on to commercial production of isobutanol. In its engineered form \"E. coli\" produces the highest yields of isobutanol of any microorganism. Methods such as elementary mode analysis have been", "id": "2994181" }, { "contents": "Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência\n\n\nthe scientific journal \"Cell\" in December 2014, a research team at IGC led by Miguel Soares discovered that specific bacterial components in the human gut microbiota can trigger a natural defence mechanism that is highly protective against malaria transmission. - Three research groups at IGC lead by Jocelyne Demengeot, Karina Xavier and Isabel Gordo joint efforts to unveil how the bacteria \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\"), one of the first species to colonize the human gut at birth, adapts and evolves in the mouse intestine. The study", "id": "5880463" }, { "contents": "Erwinia\n\n\nErwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the famous plant pathologist, Erwin Frink Smith. It contains Gram-negative bacteria related to \"Escherichia coli\", \"Shigella\", \"Salmonella\", and \"Yersinia\". They are primarily rod-shaped bacteria. Many infect woody plants. A well-known member of this genus is the species \"E. amylovora\", which causes fire blight on apples, pears, and other Rosaceae crops; \"E. tracheiphila\", though", "id": "7787126" }, { "contents": "Microcosm: E. coli and the New Science of Life\n\n\nMicrocosm: E. coli and the New Science of Life is a 2008 book by science writer Carl Zimmer. The book presents an overview of genetics research and genetic engineering by telling the story about the Escherichia coli (\"E. coli\") species of bacteria which is omnipresent in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The title \"Microcosm\" refers to the notion that insights derived from the study of a relatively simple, single-celled organism like \"E. coli\" play in describing the fundamental features of all terrestrial life, including humans.", "id": "5909740" }, { "contents": "Pathogenic Escherichia coli\n\n\n\"E. coli\" exist in high numbers in the inflamed tissue, and the number of bacteria in the inflamed regions correlates to the severity of the bowel inflammation. Gastrointestinal infections can cause the body to develop memory T cells to attack gut microbes that are in the intestinal tract. Food poisoning can trigger an immune response to microbial gut bacteria. Some researchers suggest that it can lead to inflammatory bowel disease. Enteric \"E. coli\" (EC) are classified on the basis of serological characteristics and virulence properties. The major pathotypes", "id": "1700144" }, { "contents": "Pathogenic Escherichia coli\n\n\nof species in the intestines allows \"E. coli\" to accept and transfer plasmids from and to other bacteria. Thus, \"E. coli\" and the other enterobacteria are important reservoirs of transferable antibiotic resistance. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has become a particular problem in recent decades, as strains of bacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases have become more common. These beta-lactamase enzymes make many, if not all, of the penicillins and cephalosporins ineffective as therapy. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing", "id": "1700161" }, { "contents": "Cisplatin\n\n\nplatinum complex which inhibited binary fission in \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") bacteria. Although bacterial cell growth continued, cell division was arrested, the bacteria growing as filaments up to 300 times their normal length. The octahedral Pt(IV) complex \"cis\"-[PtCl(NH)], but not the \"trans\" isomer, was found to be effective at forcing filamentous growth of \"E. coli\" cells. The square planar Pt(II) complex, \"cis\"-[PtCl(NH)] turned out to be even more effective at forcing filamentous growth.", "id": "18915245" }, { "contents": "Pathogenic Escherichia coli\n\n\non the order of 10 per genome per generation, which is 1,000 times as high as previous estimates,\" a finding which may have significance for the study and management of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant \"E. coli\" may also pass on the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance to other species of bacteria, such as \"Staphylococcus aureus\", through a process called horizontal gene transfer. \"E. coli\" bacteria often carry multiple drug resistance plasmids, and under stress, readily transfer those plasmids to other species. Mixing", "id": "1700160" }, { "contents": "T7 phage\n\n\nDelbrück. It is probable that a close relative of T7 was studied by d’Herelle in the 1920s. T7 grows on rough strains of \"Escherichia coli\" (i.e. those without full-length O-antigen polysaccharide on their surface) and some other enteric bacteria, but close relatives also infect smooth and even capsulated strains. It infects \"\", a strain of \"E. coli\" that can cause foodborne illness). The virus has complex structural symmetry, with a capsid of the phage that is icosahedral with an inner diameter", "id": "9098981" }, { "contents": "Raw milk\n\n\nto prolong the quality of the beverage. After sufficient scientific study led to the development of germ theory, pasteurization was introduced in the United States in the 1890s. This move successfully controlled the spread of highly contagious bacterial diseases including \"E. coli\", bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis (all thought to be easily transmitted to humans through the drinking of raw milk). In the early days after the scientific discovery of bacteria, there was no product testing to determine whether a farmer's milk was safe or infected, so all milk", "id": "13136659" }, { "contents": "Coliform bacteria\n\n\nUnlike the general coliform group, \"E. coli\" are almost exclusively of fecal origin and their presence is thus an effective confirmation of fecal contamination. Most strains of \"E. coli\" are harmless, but some can cause serious illness in humans. Infection symptoms and signs include bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting and occasionally, fever. The bacteria can also cause pneumonia, other respiratory illnesses and urinary tract infections. An easy way to differentiate between different types of coliform bacteria is by using an eosin methylene blue agar plate.", "id": "11125022" }, { "contents": "Entamoeba coli\n\n\n, the amoeba is immobile, and keeps its round shape. This amoeba, in its trophozoite stage, is only visible in fresh, unfixed stool specimens. Sometimes the \"Entamoeba coli\" have parasites as well. One is the fungus \"Sphaerita\" spp. This fungus lives in the cytoplasm of the \"E. coli\". While this differentiation is typically done by visual examination of the parasitic cysts via light microscopy, new methods using molecular biology techniques have been developed. The scientific name of the amoeba, \"E. coli", "id": "2120874" }, { "contents": "Freshwater environmental quality parameters\n\n\nto be matched with low dissolved oxygen concentrations and high BOD vales. E. coli bacteria have been commonly found in recreational waters and their presence is used to indicate the presence of recent faecal contamination, but E. coli presence may not be indicative of human waste. \" E. coli\" are found in all warm-blooded animals. \"E. coli\" have also been found in fish and turtles. Enterobacteria may also persist in the environment in mud, sediments, sand and soil for considerable lengths of time. pH in rivers is", "id": "5001922" }, { "contents": "Pathogenic Escherichia coli\n\n\n\"E. coli\" (ESBL \"E. coli\") are highly resistant to an array of antibiotics, and infections by these strains are difficult to treat. In many instances, only two oral antibiotics and a very limited group of intravenous antibiotics remain effective. In 2009, a gene called New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (shortened NDM-1) that even gives resistance to intravenous antibiotic carbapenem, were discovered in India and Pakistan on \"E. coli\" bacteria. Increased concern about the prevalence of this form of \"superbug\"", "id": "1700162" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\nalso integrated genetic interactions and protein structures and mapped 458 interactions within 227 protein complexes. \"E. coli\" belongs to a group of bacteria informally known as coliforms that are found in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. \"E. coli\" normally colonizes an infant's gastrointestinal tract within 40 hours of birth, arriving with food or water or from the individuals handling the child. In the bowel, \"E. coli\" adheres to the mucus of the large intestine. It is the primary facultative anaerobe of the human gastrointestinal", "id": "18489370" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\ntract. (Facultative anaerobes are organisms that can grow in either the presence or absence of oxygen.) As long as these bacteria do not acquire genetic elements encoding for virulence factors, they remain benign commensals. Nonpathogenic \"E. coli\" strain Nissle 1917, (Mutaflor) and \"E. coli\" O83:K24:H31 (Colinfant)) are used as probiotic agents in medicine, mainly for the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Most \"E. coli\" strains do not cause disease, naturally", "id": "18489371" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\ntwo types of enterotoxins, leading to watery diarrhea. The rate and severity of infections are higher among children under the age of five, including as many as 380,000 deaths annually. In May 2011, one \"E. coli\" strain, , was the subject of a that began in Germany. Certain strains of \"E. coli\" are a major cause of foodborne illness. The outbreak started when several people in Germany were infected with enterohemorrhagic \"E. coli\" (EHEC) bacteria, leading to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS", "id": "18489377" }, { "contents": "Universal stress protein\n\n\nis such a diverse group, often with little known about the exact structure, it’s not possible to comment on each USP. In addition to this, UspA may reside in different areas of the cell. For example, in this case it was in the cytoplasm but for others, it may be in the cell membrane. Much of the research into USP is done on bacteria, specifically \"E. coli\" (Strain K-12). Consequently, much is known about the USP domains in bacteria. In \"E. coli", "id": "12115854" }, { "contents": "Chaperone (protein)\n\n\ndifferent families of chaperones; each family acts to aid protein folding in a different way. In bacteria like \"E. coli\", many of these proteins are highly expressed under conditions of high stress, for example, when the bacterium is placed in high temperatures. For this reason, the term \"heat shock protein\" has historically been used to name these chaperones. The prefix \"Hsp\" designates that the protein is a heat shock protein. Hsp60 (GroEL/GroES complex in \"E. coli\") is the best", "id": "5516205" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli O121\n\n\n\"Escherichia coli\" O121 is a pathogenic serotype of \"Escherichia coli\", associated with Shiga toxin, intestinal bleeding, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS, if left untreated, can lead to kidney failure. Most serotypes of \"E. coli\"—a widespread species of bacteria residing in the lower intestines of mammals—are beneficial or do not cause disease. Unlike other pathogenic serotypes, such as (also an enterohemorrhagic \"E. coli\"), little is known in detail about the public health significance of O121.", "id": "13943958" }, { "contents": "Monolaurin\n\n\nmaking infection and replication impossible. Other studies show that Monolaurin disintegrates the protective viral envelope, killing the virus. Monolaurin has been studied to inactivate many pathogens including Herpes simplex virus and Chlamydia trachomatis. Monolaurin also shows promising effects against bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative), yeast, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria including E. Coli, yeast including Candida albicans, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Giardia lamblia, Staphylococcus aureus (Staph), and other microbials have all been neutralized by monolaurin in scientific studies", "id": "16264892" }, { "contents": "Decorative laminate\n\n\nIndustrial Standards (JIS), code Z2801. This is one of the standards most often referred to in the industry with regards to tests on microbial activities (specifically bacteria) and in the JIS Z2801, two bacteria species are used as a standard, namely \"E. Coli\" and \"Staphylococcus aureus\". However, some companies may have the initiative to test more than just these two bacteria and may also replace \"Staphylococcus aureus\" with MRSA, the methicillin-resistant version of the same bacteria. Again, different countries", "id": "7573060" }, { "contents": "EcoCyc\n\n\nIn bioinformatics EcoCyc is a biological database for the bacterium Escherichia coli K-12. The EcoCyc project performs literature-based curation of the \"E. coli\" genome, and of \"E. coli\" transcriptional regulation, transporters, and metabolic pathways. EcoCyc contains written summaries of \"E. coli\" genes, distilled from over 36,000 scientific articles. EcoCyc is also a description of the genome and cellular networks of \"E. coli\" that supports scientists to carry out computational analyses. Data objects in the EcoCyc database describe each \"E. coli\"", "id": "2823975" }, { "contents": "DNA polymerase I\n\n\nDNA polymerase I (or Pol I) is an enzyme that participates in the process of prokaryotic DNA replication. Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, it was the first known DNA polymerase (and the first known of any kind of polymerase). It was initially characterized in \"E. coli\" and is ubiquitous in prokaryotes. In \"E. coli\" and many other bacteria, the gene that encodes Pol I is known as polA. The \"E. coli\" form of the enzyme is composed of 928 amino acids, and is", "id": "20572806" }, { "contents": "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach\n\n\nThe 2006 North American \"E. coli\" outbreak was an outbreak from organic spinach. The outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower. At least 276 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce. In September 2006, there was an outbreak of food-borne illness caused by \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") bacteria found in uncooked spinach in 26 U.S. states. By October 6, 2006 199 people had been infected", "id": "10798166" }, { "contents": "Shuttle vector\n\n\n) or in different species of bacteria (e.g. both \"E. coli\" and \"Rhodococcus erythropolis\"). There are also adenovirus shuttle vectors, which can propagate in \"E. coli\" and mammals. Shuttle vectors are frequently used to quickly make multiple copies of the gene in \"E. coli\" (amplification). They can also be used for \"in vitro\" experiments and modifications (e.g. mutagenesis, PCR) One of the most common types of shuttle vectors is the yeast shuttle vector . Almost all commonly used \"", "id": "21959340" }, { "contents": "Isobutanol\n\n\nengineered to produce isobutanol and its corresponding aldehydes. Isobutanol producing species of cyanobacteria offer several advantages as biofuel synthesizers: The primary drawbacks of Cyanobacteria are: \"Bacillus subtilis\" is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. \"Bacillus subtilis\" offers many of the same advantages and disadvantages of \"E. coli\", but it is less prominently used and does not produce isobutanol in quantities as large as \"E. coli\". Similar to \"E. coli\", \"Bacillus subtilis\" is capable of producing isobutanol from lignocellulose,", "id": "2994185" }, { "contents": "Gram-negative bacteria\n\n\nin all sequenced species of conventional lipopolysaccharide-containing gram-negative bacterial phyla provides evidence that these phyla of bacteria form a monophyletic clade and that no loss of the outer membrane from any species from this group has occurred. The proteobacteria are a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria, including \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\"), \"Salmonella\", \"Shigella\", and other Enterobacteriaceae, \"Pseudomonas\", \"Moraxella\", \"Helicobacter\", \"Stenotrophomonas\", \"Bdellovibrio\", acetic acid", "id": "12654195" }, { "contents": "Julius Adler (biochemist)\n\n\n, Adler showed that bacteria sensed attractants and repellants with sensory proteins he termed chemoreceptors. These findings led to the discovery of the methylation of a protein in the envelope of \"E. coli\" that is involved in chemotaxis. This protein is methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) and it acquires methyl groups from methionine. Adler also identified the methylated residue of MCP. Adler eventually discovered that \"E. coli\" contain several MCPs which play important roles in chemotaxis sensory transduction system. Strains of bacteria without this protein, or lacking", "id": "13607268" }, { "contents": "Regulon\n\n\ncharacterized as containing at least 89 open reading frames. Regulons involving virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria are of particular research interest; an often-studied example is the phosphate regulon in \"E. coli\", which couples phosphate homeostasis to pathogenicity through a two-component system. Regulons can sometimes be pathogenicity islands. The Ada regulon in \"E. coli\" is a well-characterized example of a group of genes involved in the adaptive response form of DNA repair. Quorum sensing behavior in bacteria is a commonly cited example of a modulon", "id": "1823778" }, { "contents": "Horizontal gene transfer\n\n\nexotoxins and exoenzymes, amongst bacteria. A prime example concerning the spread of exotoxins is the adaptive evolution of Shiga toxins in \"E. coli\" through horizontal gene transfer via transduction with \"Shigella\" species of bacteria. Strategies to combat certain bacterial infections by targeting these specific virulence factors and mobile genetic elements have been proposed. For example, horizontally transferred genetic elements play important roles in the virulence of \"E. coli\", \"Salmonella\", \"Streptococcus\" and \"Clostridium perfringens\". In prokaryotes, restriction-modification systems", "id": "21914296" }, { "contents": "Nick (DNA)\n\n\nerroneous strand of the mismatched duplex through recognition of strand discontinuities, while MMR in E. coli and closely related bacteria is directed to the strand on the basis of the absence of methylation. Nicking endonucleases introduce the strand discontinuities, or DNA nicks, for both respective systems. Mut L homologues from eukaryotes and most bacteria incise the discontinuous strand to introduce the entry or termination point for the excision reaction. Similarly, in E. coli, Mut H nicks the unmethylated strand of the duplex to introduce the entry point of excision. For eukaryotes", "id": "6206702" }, { "contents": "HdeA family\n\n\nIn molecular biology, the HdeA family of proteins (HNS (histone-like nucleoid structuring)-dependent expression A) is a stress response protein family found in highly acid resistant bacteria such as \"Shigella flexneri\" and \"Escherichia coli\", but which is lacking in mildly acid tolerant bacteria such as \"Salmonella\". HdeA is one of the most abundant proteins found in the periplasmic space of \"E. coli\", where it is one of a network of proteins that confer an acid resistance phenotype essential for the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria", "id": "19990764" }, { "contents": "Bumblefoot (infection)\n\n\nbacteria, namely strains of \"Staphylococcus\", \"Pseudomonas\" and \"Escherichia coli\" \"(E. coli)\", with \"S. aureus\" being the most common cause of the infection. Bumblefoot is, perhaps, the largest cause of referral of birds of prey to a veterinary surgeon. Bumblefoot on birds of prey can be put into three broad types of the infection. In the first type, a small reddened area, or sometimes a small shiny patch, can be seen on the foot. This is mostly", "id": "2746170" }, { "contents": "RecA\n\n\nRecA can also mediate homology pairing, homologous recombination and DNA break repair between distant sister loci that had segregated to opposite halves of the \"E. coli\" cell. \"E. coli\" strains deficient in RecA are useful for cloning procedures in molecular biology laboratories. \"E. coli\" strains are often genetically modified to contain a mutant \"recA\" allele and thereby ensure the stability of extrachromosomal segments of DNA, known as plasmids. In a process called transformation, plasmid DNA is taken up by the bacteria under a variety of conditions", "id": "10168263" }, { "contents": "2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak\n\n\nA novel strain of bacteria caused a serious outbreak of foodborne illness focused in northern Germany in May through June 2011. The illness was characterized by bloody diarrhea, with a high frequency of serious complications, including hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a condition that requires urgent treatment. The outbreak was originally thought to have been caused by an enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) strain of \"E. coli\", but it was later shown to have been caused by an enteroaggregative \"E. coli\" (EAEC) strain that had acquired the", "id": "13654056" }, { "contents": "2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak\n\n\n, but cautioned, \"there is still much uncertainty about whether this is truly the common cause of the infections\", as tests on the seeds had not yet found any \"E. coli\" bacteria of the O104:H4 strain. The potentially contaminated seeds were widely distributed in Europe. Egypt, for its part, steadfastly denied it may have been the source of deadly \"E. coli\" strain, with the Minister of Agriculture calling speculations to that effect \"sheer lies\". Using epidemiological methods the outbreaks in 2011 were", "id": "13654073" }, { "contents": "Criticism of fast food\n\n\npoorly trained, increasing the risk of large-scale food poisoning. Manure on occasion gets mixed with meat, possibly contaminating it with salmonella and pathogenic \"E. coli\". Usually spread through undercooked hamburgers, raw vegetables, and contaminated water, it is difficult to treat. Although supportive treatment can substantially aid inflicted individuals, since endotoxin is released from gram-negative bacteria such as \"E. coli\" upon death, antibiotic use to treat \"E. coli\" infections is not recommended. About 4% of people infected with \"", "id": "5961699" }, { "contents": "Protein phosphorylation\n\n\nsite disallows their permeability through the cellular membrane. Protein dephosphorylation allows the cell to replenish phosphates through release of pyrophosphates which saves ATP use in the cell. An example of phosphorylating enzyme is found in \"E. coli\" bacteria. It possesses alkaline phosphatase in its periplasmic region of its membrane. The outermost membrane is permeable to phosphorylated molecules however the inner cytoplasmic membrane is impermeable due to large negative charges. In this way, the \"E. coli\" bacteria stores proteins and pyrophosphates in its periplasmic membrane until either are needed within the", "id": "1182895" }, { "contents": "Walkerton E. coli outbreak\n\n\nE. coli\" and fecal coliform. Personnel from the testing laboratory, unaware that Ontario Drinking Water Objectives mandated the notification of the Ministry of the Environment in such a case, did not notify any agency besides the PUC of the failed testing results. Using knowledge about typical incubation periods of (average 3–4 days) and \"Campylobacter\" (average 2–5 days) bacteria and working backwards from the first emergence of symptoms in the community, investigators determined that the majority of infected community members had been exposed to the bacteria between May 13", "id": "18344025" }, { "contents": "Endopeptidase Clp\n\n\nor ClpQ) are either sandwiched between two rings or single-caped by one ring of hexameric ATPase-active chaperon subunits (ClpA, ClpC, ClpE, ClpX, ClpY, or others). ClpXP is presented in almost all bacteria while ClpA is found in the Gram-negative bacteria, ClpC in Gram-Positive bacteria and cyanobacteria. ClpAP, ClpXP and ClpYQ coexist in E. Coli while only ClpXP complex in present in humans as mitochondrial enzymes. ClpYQ is another name for the HslVU complex, a heat shock protein complex", "id": "19504496" }, { "contents": "Bacterial genome\n\n\n. Analysis of over 2000 \"Escherichia coli\" genomes reveals an \"E. coli\" core genome of about 3100 gene families and a total of about 89,000 different gene families. Genome sequences show that parasitic bacteria have 500–1200 genes, free-living bacteria have 1500–7500 genes, and archaea have 1500–2700 genes. A striking discovery by Cole et al. described massive amounts of gene decay when comparing Leprosy bacillus to ancestral bacteria. Studies have since shown that several bacteria have smaller genome sizes than their ancestors did. Over the years, researchers", "id": "17758140" }, { "contents": "List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria\n\n\norganisms. Infection with \"Escherichia coli\" and \"Salmonella\" can result from the consumption of contaminated food and polluted water. Both of these bacteria are well known for causing nosocomial (hospital-linked) infections, and often, these strains found in hospitals are antibiotic resistant because of adaptations to wide spread antibiotic use. When both bacteria are spread, serious health conditions arise. Many people are hospitalized each year after becoming infected, with some dying as a result. Since 1993, some strains of \"E. coli\" have", "id": "12025628" }, { "contents": "Thiamine\n\n\nin the neurons of mammals and other animals, although this is not completely understood. However, recently it was shown that ThTP exists in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals suggesting a much more general cellular role. In particular in \"E. coli\", it seems to play a role in response to amino acid starvation. Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP) or thiaminylated adenosine triphosphate has recently been discovered in \"Escherichia coli\", where it accumulates as a result of carbon starvation. In \"E. coli\", AThTP may", "id": "11753741" }, { "contents": "1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak\n\n\non November 15 found no evidence of \"E. coli\" contamination in the facility. The outbreak came as a surprise as the plant had been inspected by the FDA three months earlier, and Odwalla supervisors were not aware that the \"E. coli\" bacteria could grow in acidic, chilled apple juice. Based on a recommendation from the FDA, on October 30, Odwalla's Chief Executive Officer Stephen Williamson voluntarily recalled 13 products which contained apple juice from about 4,600 stores. Carrot and vegetable juices were also recalled the following day as", "id": "19051177" }, { "contents": "Bacteriocin\n\n\nof a few years. He called his first discovery a \"colicine\" because it killed \"E. coli.\" Bacteriocins are categorized in several ways, including producing strain, common resistance mechanisms, and mechanism of killing. There are several large categories of bacteriocin which are only phenomenologically related. These include the bacteriocins from gram-positive bacteria, the colicins, the microcins, and the bacteriocins from Archaea. The bacteriocins from \"E. coli\" are called \"colicins\" (formerly called 'colicines', meaning 'coli killers", "id": "16794173" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\n-reducing bacteria. Optimum growth of \"E. coli\" occurs at 37 °C (98.6 °F), but some laboratory strains can multiply at temperatures up to 49 °C (120 °F). \"E. coli\" grows in a variety of defined laboratory media, such as lysogeny broth, or any medium that contains glucose, ammonium phosphate monobasic, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate dibasic, and water. Growth can be driven by aerobic or anaerobic respiration, using a large variety of redox pairs", "id": "18489345" }, { "contents": "FtsA\n\n\ncyanobacteria. FtsA also is structurally similar to PilM, a type IV pilus ATPase. FtsA is required for proper cytokinesis in bacteria such as \"Escherichia coli\", \"Caulobacter crescentus\", and \"Bacillus subtilis\". Originally isolated in a screen for \"E. coli\" cells that could divide at 30˚C but not at 40˚C, FtsA stands for \"filamentous temperature sensitive A\". Many thermosensitive alleles of \"E. coli ftsA\" exist, and all map in or near the ATP binding pocket. Suppressors that restore normal function", "id": "20019866" }, { "contents": "Single-strand DNA-binding protein\n\n\nSingle-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is a protein found in \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") bacteria, that binds to single-stranded regions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Single-stranded DNA is produced during all aspects of DNA metabolism: replication, recombination, and repair. As well as stabilizing this single-stranded DNA, SSB proteins bind to and modulate the function of numerous proteins involved in all of these processes. Active \"E. coli\" SSB is composed of four identical", "id": "8229429" }, { "contents": "Arginine decarboxylase\n\n\n, the necessary proton is consumed from the cell cytoplasm which helps to prevent the over-accumulation of protons inside the cell and serves to increase the intracellular pH. Arginine decarboxylase is part of an enzymatic system in \"Escherichia coli (E. Coli)\", \"Salmonella typhimurium\", and methane-producing bacteria \"Methanococcus jannaschii\" that makes these organisms acid resistant and allows them to survive under highly acidic medium. Arginine decarboxylase is a multimer of protein subunits. For instance, the form of this enzyme in \"E. coli\"", "id": "9868897" }, { "contents": "Chorismate lyase\n\n\nof pyruvate from chorismate, to yield 4-hydroxybenzoate in \"Escherichia coli\" and other Gram-negative bacteria. Its activity does not require metal cofactors. Inhibited by: The pathway used is called the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway, it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone in \"E. coli.\" Ubiquinone is a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. They are essential electron carriers in prokaryotes and are essential in aerobic organisms to achieve ATP. There are several different names for chorismate lyase. it is also called chorismate pyruvate", "id": "9869046" }, { "contents": "E. coli long-term evolution experiment\n\n\ndue to some unknown \"rare environmental perturbation\", similar to that which can impact natural populations. The final replicate was integrated into the main LTEE experiment, becoming the thirteenth population, Ara-7. Other researchers have experimented on evolving aerobic citrate-utilizing \"E. coli\". Dustin Van Hofwegen et al., working in the lab of Scott Minnich, were able to isolate 46 independent citrate-utilizing mutants of \"E. coli\" in just 12 to 100 generations using highly prolonged selection under starvation, during which the bacteria would", "id": "21911464" }, { "contents": "Pathogenic Escherichia coli\n\n\nhand washing requirements. Shiga toxin-producing \"E. coli\" (STEC), specifically serotype O157:H7, have also been transmitted by flies, as well as direct contact with farm animals, petting zoo animals, and airborne particles found in animal-rearing environments. Uropathogenic \"E. coli\" (UPEC) is responsible for approximately 90% of urinary tract infections (UTI) seen in individuals with ordinary anatomy. In ascending infections, fecal bacteria colonize the urethra and spread up the urinary tract to the bladder as well", "id": "1700147" }, { "contents": "Catabolite repression\n\n\nactually a misnomer since other carbon sources are known to induce catabolite repression. Catabolite repression was extensively studied in \"Escherichia coli\". \"E. coli\" grows faster on glucose than on any other carbon source. For example, if \"E. coli\" is placed on an agar plate containing only glucose and lactose, the bacteria will use glucose first and lactose second. When glucose is available in the environment, the synthesis of β-galactosidase is under repression due to the effect of catabolite repression caused by glucose. The catabolite", "id": "5813359" }, { "contents": "DNA ligase\n\n\nbacteriophage that infects \"Escherichia coli\" bacteria). The T4 ligase is the most-commonly used in laboratory research. It can ligate either cohesive or blunt ends of DNA, oligonucleotides, as well as RNA and RNA-DNA hybrids, but not single-stranded nucleic acids. It can also ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than \"E. coli\" DNA ligase. Unlike \"E. coli\" DNA ligase, T4 DNA ligase cannot utilize NAD and it has an absolute requirement for ATP as a cofactor", "id": "8830683" }, { "contents": "Transformation (genetics)\n\n\ncolonies. A number of methods are available to transfer DNA into plant cells. Some vector-mediated methods are: Some vector-less methods include: Introduction of DNA into animal cells is usually called transfection, and is discussed in the corresponding article. The discovery of artificially induced competence in bacteria allow bacteria such as \"Escherichia coli\" to be used as a convenient host for the manipulation of DNA as well as expressing proteins. Typically plasmids are used for transformation in \"E. coli\". In order to be stably maintained", "id": "14658194" }, { "contents": "Coliform index\n\n\nThe coliform index is a rating of the purity of water based on a count of fecal bacteria. It is one of many tests done to assure sufficient water quality. Coliform bacteria are microorganisms that primarily originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. By testing for coliforms, especially the well known \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\"), which is a thermotolerant coliform, one can determine if the water has possibly been exposed to fecal contamination; that is, whether it has come in contact with human or", "id": "2411707" }, { "contents": "Economic importance of bacteria\n\n\nin the manufacturing and services industries. These include chemical manufacturing such as ethanol, acetone, organic acid, enzymes, and perfumes. Bacteria are important in the production of many dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals. For example, \"Escherichia coli\" is used for commercial preparation of riboflavin and vitamin K. \"E. coli\" is also used to produce D-amino acids such as D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine, an important intermediate for synthesis of the antibiotic amoxicillin. Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes. It is also called recombinant DNA", "id": "6201865" }, { "contents": "Campylobacter coli\n\n\non some strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Some of which are \"C. coli, E. coli\"; \"Salmonella enterica ssp.,\" \"C. jejuni\", \"S. aureus, Clostridium difficile,\" and \"Clostridium perfringens\". The product’s mode of action has been the important changes in their permeability, structure, composition and morphology of the bacterial envelope (Obesity, 2018). \"C. coli\" grows slowly with an optimum temperature of 42 °C. When exposed to air", "id": "6984247" }, { "contents": "RpoE\n\n\nThe gene rpoE (RNA polymerase, extracytoplasmic E) encodes the sigma factor \"sigma-24\" (σ24, sigma E, or RpoE), a protein in \"Escherichia coli\" and other species of bacteria. Depending on the bacterial species, this gene may be referred to as \"sigE\". RpoE appears to be necessary for the exocytoplasmic stress response. \"E. coli\" mutants without \"rpoE\" cannot grow at high temperatures (that is, above 42 degrees C) and show growth defects at lower temperatures,", "id": "5564127" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\ntheir hosts by producing vitamin K, and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a symbiotic relationship. \"E. coli\" is expelled into the environment within fecal matter. The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for 3 days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards. \"E. coli\" and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.1% of gut microbiota, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body", "id": "18489340" }, { "contents": "Coginchaug River\n\n\noriginal name for the town. It has been said to mean \"The Great Swamp\", and is a reference to the meadows found in the central part of town. In 2006, the Coginchaug was among Connecticut's 85 waterways cited to be of \"lower quality\", in view of the elevated levels of bacteria, including E. coli. Currently, efforts are being made by the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture to reduce the number of bacteria introduced into the river from untreated sewage, sanitary", "id": "10970714" }, { "contents": "Farmville, Virginia\n\n\nthe majority of the town and the Prince Edward schools. The town of Farmville is located within the Piedmont Region and has many tributaries which filter into the Appomattox River. After the water reaches the Appomattox River it drains into the James River and then is distributed into the Chesapeake Bay. Within Farmville there are several different areas which are a concern due to high amounts of heterotrophic bacteria and \"Escherichia coli\", classified as coliform bacteria they live within the intestines of warm blooded animals. The strain of \"E. coli\" which", "id": "18277187" }, { "contents": "Indicator bacteria\n\n\nacid and gas as byproducts. Fecal coliforms are more useful as indicators in recreational waters than total coliforms which include species that are naturally found in plants and soil; however, there are even some species of fecal coliforms that do not have a fecal origin, such as \"Klebsiella pneumoniae\". Perhaps the biggest drawback to using coliforms as indicators is that they can grow in water under certain conditions. \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") and enterococci are also used as indicators. Indicator bacteria can be cultured on", "id": "6260214" }, { "contents": "DAHP synthase\n\n\ntwo different methods, feedback inhibition and transcriptional control. Feedback inhibition and transcriptional control are both mechanisms of regulating carbon in bacteria, but the only mechanism of regulation found in DAHP synthase found in plants is transcriptional control. In \"Escherichia coli\", a species of bacteria, DAHP synthase is found as three isoenzymes, each of which sensitive to one of the amino acids produced in the shikimate pathway. In a study of DAHP synthase sensitive to tyrosine in E. coli, it was determined that the enzyme is inhibited by tyrosine through", "id": "9336663" }, { "contents": "Bacteriophage P2\n\n\nBacteriophage P2, scientific name Escherichia virus P2, is a temperate phage that infects \"E. coli\". It is a tailed virus with a contractile sheath and is thus classified in the genus \"P2virus\" (formerly \"P2likevirus\"), subfamily \"Peduovirinae\", family \"Myoviridae\" within order \"Caudovirales\". This genus of viruses includes many P2-like phages as well as the satellite phage P4. Bacteriophage P2 was first isolated by G. Bertani from the Lisbonne and Carrère strain of \"E. coli\" in 1951. Since", "id": "1968071" }, { "contents": "Eric Schadt\n\n\nhe was named on the list of \"The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds\" by Thomson Reuters and was given the Rustum Roy Spirit Award by The Chopra Foundation. Schadt has published more than 190 peer-reviewed papers. A few of these publications include: A Nature Genetics paper that was selected by Science as one of the top 10 breakthroughs of the year in 2005. The first publication linking a full-genome scan of methylation to a genome sequence for the E. coli microbe. One of the earliest publications using microarrays", "id": "4019004" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli O157:H7\n\n\n\"Escherichia coli\" O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species \"Escherichia coli\" and is one of the Shiga toxin–producing types of \"E. coli\". It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Infection with this type of pathogenic bacteria may lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea, and to kidney failure; these have been reported to cause the deaths of children younger than five years of age, of elderly patients,", "id": "2537731" }, { "contents": "E. coli long-term evolution experiment\n\n\nThe \"E. coli\" long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual \"Escherichia coli\" bacteria since 24 February 1988. The populations reached the milestone of 50,000 generations and 66,000 in November 2016. Lenski performed the 10,000th transfer of the experiment on March 13, 2017. Over the course of the experiment, Lenski and his colleagues have reported a wide array of phenotypic and genotypic changes in the evolving populations", "id": "21911422" }, { "contents": "Escherichia vulneris\n\n\nEscherichia vulneris is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the same genus as \"E. coli\". \"E. vulneris\" is a fermentative, oxidase-negative, motile rod, which holds characteristics of the family Enterobacteraceae. This bacterium can colonize in the respiratory tract, genital tract, stool, and urinary tract. However, \"E. vulneris\" is most often associated with wounds and has been known to colonize open wounds of both humans and animals. This association gave the bacterium its species name, \"vulneris\",", "id": "7222234" }, { "contents": "Maya Burhanpurkar\n\n\nMaya Burhanpurkar (born February 14, 1999) is a Canadian researcher. Burhanpurkar was born in Orillia and completed high school in 2016 at Barrie North Collegiate Institute. She is currently an undergraduate student at Harvard University. At the age of 10, Burhanpurkar built a microbiology lab in her family basement and began conducting scientific experiments after volunteering in a hospital in India. Two years later, she developed an intelligent-antibiotic which selectively kills pathogenic bacteria such as E-coli but preserves intestinal microbiota. When she was 13, she", "id": "19781267" }, { "contents": "Coliform bacteria\n\n\nlarge numbers in the feces of warm-blooded animals. While coliforms themselves are not normally causes of serious illness, they are easy to culture, and their presence is used to indicate that other pathogenic organisms of fecal origin may be present. Such pathogens include disease-causing bacteria, viruses, or protozoa and many multicellular parasites. Coliform procedures are performed in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Typical genera include: \"Escherichia coli\" (\"E. coli\") can be distinguished from most other coliforms by its ability to ferment lactose", "id": "11125020" }, { "contents": "MreB\n\n\nMreB controls the width of rod-shaped bacteria, such as \"Escherichia coli\". A mutant \"E. coli\" that creates defective MreB proteins will be spherical instead of rod-like. Also, bacteria that are naturally spherical do not have the gene encoding MreB. Prokaryotes carrying the \"mreB\" gene can also be helical in shape. MreB has long been thought to form a helical filament underneath the cytoplasmic membrane, however, this model has been brought into question by three recent publications showing that filaments cannot be seen", "id": "19297637" }, { "contents": "Alternatives to animal testing\n\n\noften used as an alternative to animal testing. Prokaryotes include different bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. Coli) or Bacillus subtilis. These bacteria are the ideal model for genetic and molecular studies. Fungi is also used as an alternative for animal testing. Certain fungi can be used for genetic studies or circadian rhythms studies. This may include neurospora crassa, otherwise known as a type of red mold. Invertebrates are another ideal candidate for testing. One of the most common invertebrates tested on include drosophila melangaster, the fruit fly", "id": "205852" }, { "contents": "Oxidative phosphorylation\n\n\nwith eukaryotes, prokaryotic electron transport uses the energy released from the oxidation of a substrate to pump ions across a membrane and generate an electrochemical gradient. In the bacteria, oxidative phosphorylation in \"Escherichia coli\" is understood in most detail, while archaeal systems are at present poorly understood. The main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic oxidative phosphorylation is that bacteria and archaea use many different substances to donate or accept electrons. This allows prokaryotes to grow under a wide variety of environmental conditions. In \"E. coli\", for example,", "id": "2763102" }, { "contents": "Twin-arginine translocation pathway\n\n\nlower level in the cell than TatA and is not believed to play any significant role in Tat function. The Tat pathways of Gram-positive bacteria differ in that they do not have a TatB component. In these bacteria the Tat system is made up from a single TatA and TatC component, with the TatA protein being bifunctional and fulfilling the roles of both \"E. coli\" TatA and TatB. The name of the Tat pathway relates to a highly conserved twin-arginine leader motif (S/TRRXFLK) which is found in", "id": "16346733" }, { "contents": "Fecal coliform\n\n\n-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase, a combination of two dyes makes it possible to differentiate and quantify coliforms and E. coli in the same pot. More recently, the chemistry behind enzymatic detection compounds has been updated so that the indicating component is redox active, as opposed to the more usual chromogenic format, allowing fecal indicator bacteria such as E. coli and E. faecalis to be detected electrochemically without any sample pre-treatment. Since the colour of the detection compound is of no consequence, this allows detection in deeply coloured matrices.", "id": "13340532" }, { "contents": "ATP-binding cassette transporter\n\n\nexternal face of the cell membrane. Some gram-positive bacteria have BPs fused to the transmembrane domain of the transporter itself. The first successful x-ray crystal structure of an intact ABC importer is the molybdenum transporter (ModBC-A) from \"Archaeoglobus fulgidus\". Atomic-resolution structures of three other bacterial importers, \"E. coli\" BtuCD, \"E. coli\" maltose transporter (MalFGK-E), and the putative metal-chelate transporter of \"Haemophilus influenza\", HI1470/1, have also been determined.", "id": "15586495" }, { "contents": "Host–pathogen interaction\n\n\nso. This is described as context-dependent pathogenicity. Scientists believe that this variability comes from both genetic and environmental factors within the host. One example of this in humans is \"E. coli\". Normally, this bacteria flourishes as a part of the normal, healthy microbiota in the intestines. However, if it relocates to a different region of the digestive tract or the body, it can cause intense diarrhea. So while \"E. coli\" is classified as a pathogen, it does not always act as such.", "id": "5389544" }, { "contents": "Exogenous bacteria\n\n\n, and consumption. Only a minority of bacteria species cause disease in humans; and many species colonize in the human body to create an ecosystem known as bacterial flora. Bacterial flora is endogenous bacteria, which is defined as bacteria that naturally reside in a closed system. Disease can occur when microbes included in normal bacteria flora enter a sterile area of the body such as the brain or muscle. This is considered an endogenous infection. A prime example of this is when the residential bacterium E. coli of the GI tract enters the", "id": "5069925" }, { "contents": "Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli\n\n\ncomplication called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The group and its subgroups are known by various names. They are distinguished from other strains of intestinal pathogenic \"E. coli\" including enterotoxigenic \"E. coli\" (ETEC), enteropathogenic \"E. coli\" (EPEC), enteroinvasive \"E. coli\" (EIEC), enteroaggregative \"E. coli\" (EAEC), and diffusely adherent \"E. coli\" (DAEC). The best known of these strains is , but non-O157 strains cause an estimated 36,000 illnesses", "id": "14892606" }, { "contents": "Magnesium transporter\n\n\nphenotype in \"E. coli\" that was caused by the gene’s inactivation. The gene was genetically identified in \"E. coli\" by Park \"et al.\", but wasn’t cloned until Hmiel \"et al.\" isolated the \"Salmonella enterica\" serovar Typhimurium (\"S. typhimurium\") homologue. Later it would be shown by Smith and Maguire that the CorA gene was present in 17 gram-negative bacteria. With the large number of complete genome sequences now available for prokaryotes, CorA has been shown to", "id": "1792739" }, { "contents": "Protein production\n\n\nDNA sequence for a protein of interest could be cloned or subcloned into a high copy-number plasmid containing the \"lac\" (often LacUV5) promoter, which is then transformed into the bacterium \"E. coli\". Addition of IPTG (a lactose analog) activates the lac promoter and causes the bacteria to express the protein of interest. \"E. coli\" strain BL21 and BL21(DE3) are two strains commonly used for protein production. As members of the B lineage, they lack \"lon\" and \"OmpT\" proteases", "id": "5514760" }, { "contents": "Escherichia coli\n\n\n. Studies are also being performed attempting to program \"E. coli\" to solve complicated mathematics problems, such as the Hamiltonian path problem. In 1885, the German-Austrian pediatrician Theodor Escherich discovered this organism in the feces of healthy individuals. He called it \"Bacterium coli commune\" because it is found in the colon. Early classifications of prokaryotes placed these in a handful of genera based on their shape and motility (at that time Ernst Haeckel's classification of bacteria in the kingdom Monera was in place). \"Bacterium", "id": "18489393" }, { "contents": "The Unicorn in the Garden\n\n\n, read by Peter Ustinov, was released by Caedmon Audio in 1986 (). The 1950 film \"Harvey\" contains a scene depicting characters at a psychiatrist's office, where Veta is committed to the institution instead of Elwood. Dr. Richard Lenski, leader of the \"E. coli\" long-term evolution experiment, made an allusion to the story in a widely disseminated response to Conservapedia founder Andrew Schlafly (who expressed doubt Lenski found an evolutionary beneficial mutation in \"E. coli\" bacteria): \"In other words,", "id": "10852431" }, { "contents": "Illicium verum\n\n\nantiinfluenza drug, oseltamivir (Tamiflu). An industrial method for the production of shikimic acid using fermentation of \"E. coli\" bacteria was discovered in 2005, and applied in the 2009 swine flu outbreak to address Tamiflu shortages, also causing price increases for star anise as a raw material of shikimic acid. As of 2018, fermentation of \"E. coli\" was the manufacturing process of choice to produce shikimic acid for synthesis of Tamiflu. Japanese star anise (\"Illicium anisatum\"), a similar tree, is highly toxic", "id": "18067125" } ]

[ { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, on the shore of Lake Erie, recognizes and archives the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have had some major influence on the development of rock and roll. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Ahmet Ertegun, founder and chairman of Atlantic Records. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the Hall of Fame's permanent home", "id": "13649969" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nsmall sad things is we didn't do it in New York in the first place,\" but then added, \"I am absolutely delighted that the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is in Cleveland.\" During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, the Foundation's board considered the Cuyahoga River. Ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. At one point in the planning phase, when a financing gap existed", "id": "13649974" }, { "contents": "Music of Ohio\n\n\nThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame are located in Cleveland, Ohio. Ohio musicians inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame include, The Isley Brothers (from Cincinnati) in '92, The Moonglows (from Cleveland) in 2000, The O'Jays (from Canton) in '05, Chrissie Hynde (from Akron) of The Pretenders in '05, and Bobby Womack (from Cleveland) (d.2014) in '09. This state is also the home of", "id": "10737242" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nCincinnati (home of King Records), New York City, and Cleveland. Cleveland lobbied for the museum, with civic leaders in Cleveland pledging $65 million in public money to fund the construction, and citing that WJW disc jockey Alan Freed both coined the term \"rock and roll\" and heavily promoted the new genre—and that Cleveland was the location of Freed's Moondog Coronation Ball, often credited as the first major rock and roll concert. Freed was also a member of the hall of fame's inaugural class of", "id": "13649971" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nHall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Author Peter Guralnick said the hall should have been located in Memphis in a 2016 interview. Cleveland may also have been chosen as the organization's site because the city offered the best financial package. As \"The Plain Dealer\" music critic Michael Norman noted, \"It was $65 million ... Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money.\" Co-founder Jann Wenner later said, \"One of the", "id": "13649973" }, { "contents": "List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees\n\n\nrest of the categories are voted on by special committees. , new inductees will be honored at an annual ceremony held alternately in New York and at the Hall of Fame in Cleveland; prior to that, the ceremonies rotated between Cleveland, New York, and Los Angeles. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has garnered criticism for allegedly allowing the nomination process to be controlled by a few individuals, nominating too many artists in too many genres that are not entirely rock, ignoring entire rock genres, and using technicalities to induct", "id": "14005272" }, { "contents": "Geoff Useless\n\n\nIt's Only Rock and Roll\" Spring Benefit to \"an exclusive audience of 1,000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame VIPS.\" The event will take place at Cleveland's Public Hall (Auditorium), the same venue at which the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction ceremony sometimes is held. Daryl Hall and John Oates are slated to perform later in the evening. Proceeds from the May 10, 2014 event go to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's music education activities. In 2012 Palmer founded Collector", "id": "17202067" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\n, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees. The formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 26 times (1986–92, 1994–96, 1998–2008, 2010–11, 2014, 2016 and 2017); twice in Los Angeles (1993 and 2013); and five times in the hall of fame's home in Cleveland (1997, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018). As of 2018, the induction ceremonies alternate each year between New York and Cleveland. The 2009 and 2012 induction weeks were", "id": "13649978" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nceremony was held in Los Angeles, and was held there again in 2013. On May 6, 1997, about a year and a half after the opening of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the ceremony was held in Cleveland. It returned to Cleveland in 2009 and again in 2012. Current plans call for the ceremony to be in Cleveland every three years. Generally, the number of inductees ranges from about a half-dozen to a dozen. Virtually all living inductees have attended the ceremonies, and", "id": "13650004" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nBruce Springsteen, \"Women Who Rock\", and the Rolling Stones. Cleveland area musicians/bands who have performed at the Hall of Fame include The Pretenders (with Chrissie Hynde from Akron) in '95 at the Hall's opening (they performed \"My City Was Gone\"), James Gang (with Joe Walsh) in '01, The Raspberries in '09, Bobby Womack in '09, Machine Gun Kelly (rapper) in 2014, Velvet Revolver (with one-time Cleveland resident Scott Weiland)", "id": "13649985" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nmade possible by a public–private partnership between the City of Cleveland, the State of Ohio, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and local foundations, corporations, civic organizations and individuals. Collectively these entities invested $5.8 million in 2009 and $7.9 million in 2012 to produce a week of events, including free concerts, a gospel celebration, exhibition openings, free admission to the museum, and induction ceremonies filled with both fans and VIPs at Public Hall. Millions viewed the television broadcast of the Cleveland inductions;", "id": "13649979" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\n55,000 square feet of exhibition space, as well as administrative offices, a store, and a café. \"In designing this building,\" Pei said, \"it was my intention to echo the energy of rock and roll. I have consciously used an architectural vocabulary that is bold and new, and I hope the building will become a dramatic landmark for the city of Cleveland and for fans of rock and roll around the world.\" Since 1997, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has featured numerous temporary exhibits that", "id": "13649987" }, { "contents": "Bruce Robinson (baseball)\n\n\nthe original two \"Robby Pads\" is in the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. Robinson retained the original prototype and it is framed in his home in Idaho. Robinson is the only former Major League player who can claim an affiliation with both the Baseball Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. On August 24, 2012, Bruce performed 24 original songs as a solo act with his guitar and ukulele on the main stage at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland,", "id": "7509279" }, { "contents": "Laura Levine\n\n\nillustrations, which appeared in \"Time\" and \"New York Magazine\", in addition to other publications, were similarly praised. The illustrations Levine created for \"Shake, Rattle & Roll\" were exhibited nationally at galleries and museums including the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, EMP Museum in Seattle, Yard Dog Folk Art in Austin, and the Buddy Holly Center in Lubbock, Texas. Her paintings of rock and roll pioneers are in the permanent collection of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and", "id": "13478308" }, { "contents": "We Built This City\n\n\nthe same city as \"the city that rocks\", a reference to Cleveland, Ohio (home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum) and then \"the city that never sleeps\", one of the nicknames for New York City. Capitalizing on the ambiguity, several radio stations added descriptions of their own local areas when they broadcast the song or added their own ident in its place. The album's title \"Knee Deep In the Hoopla\" is taken from a lyric in the first verse of this", "id": "13553784" }, { "contents": "Roger Daltrey\n\n\nFolk Album in 1993. With the Who, Daltrey received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001 for outstanding artistic significance in music. In 1990, Daltrey was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio as a member of the Who. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame also included three songs that Daltrey recorded with the Who on the list of 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll, including: \"My Generation\", \"Go to the Mirror!\", and \"Baba O'Riley\".", "id": "20102467" }, { "contents": "Cleveland Lakefront station\n\n\nCleveland Lakefront Station is an Amtrak train station at North Coast Harbor in Cleveland, Ohio. The station was built in 1977 to provide service to the \"Lake Shore Limited\" route, which was reinstated by Amtrak via Cleveland and Toledo in 1975. It replaced service to Cleveland Union Terminal. Lakefront Station is located in downtown Cleveland near the Lake Erie waterfront, adjacent to the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway and in the immediate vicinity of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Great Lakes Science Center, the Steamship William G. Mather Museum", "id": "2010414" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's Library and Archives is the world's most comprehensive repository of materials related to the history of rock and roll. The Library and Archives is located in a new building on the Metro Campus of Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland's Campus District. The Library and Archives' mission is to collect, preserve and provide access to these materials. The Library and Archives operates on two levels: people may come into the library and read the books and magazines, listen to music and other", "id": "13650012" }, { "contents": "List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees\n\n\nThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1983 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll. Originally, there were four categories of induction: performers, non-performers, early influences, and lifetime achievement. In 2000, \"sidemen\" was introduced as a category. The", "id": "14005270" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Earth, Wind, & Fire\n\n\nnominations. In 1994 they received the Hall of Fame Award. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to the recording history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have influenced the music industry. On March 6, 2000 Earth, Wind & Fire was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame. Earth, Wind & Fire's Maurice White, Phillip Bailey,", "id": "21527729" }, { "contents": "FirstEnergy Stadium\n\n\n2014, seating capacity was reduced to 67,431. Since 2017, capacity is listed at 67,895. The stadium sits on of land between Lake Erie and the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway in the North Coast Harbor area of downtown Cleveland, adjacent to the Great Lakes Science Center and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The site was previously the location of Cleveland Stadium from 1931 to 1996. FirstEnergy Stadium is located on the site of Cleveland Stadium, commonly called Cleveland Municipal Stadium, a multipurpose facility built in 1931 that served as the Browns'", "id": "1114784" }, { "contents": "David Spero\n\n\n\" in a benefit helping inner city teenagers. In addition to his involvement with Cleveland's Hall of Fame, on October 7, 2007, Spero himself was inducted as one of the Radio/Television Broadcasters Hall of Fame of Ohio's Class of 2007. And when Graham Nash was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010 for the second time, this time with The Hollies – the first time was in 1997 with Crosby, Stills and Nash – Nash acknowledged the help and support of Spero during his remarks", "id": "15544072" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nthan 10,000 people. The following night an all-star concert was held at Cleveland Stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the museum documents the entire history of rock and roll, regardless of induction status. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in a special exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986", "id": "13649977" }, { "contents": "George Voinovich\n\n\nBeginning in 1985 Voinovich, the City of Cleveland and the State of Ohio began lobbying for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum to be built in Cleveland. It eventually opened in 1995. As a nod to his efforts, the Hall's main atrium was renamed the George V. Voinovich Atrium. In 1996, Voinovich was the first governor to endorse U.S. Senator Robert J. Dole's bid for the Republican presidential nomination. Later, Voinovich was among nine candidates asked to submit to background checks as potential vice-presidential running", "id": "5479677" }, { "contents": "Rona Elliot\n\n\n2010 Elliot became a board member for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation, part of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum in Cleveland, where her papers are included in their archive of rock history memorabilia. She also sits on the board of directors for Little Kids Rock. In 1975, Elliot trained to become an interviewer of Holocaust survivors for the USC Shoah Foundation : The Institute for Visual History and Education (originally the Steven Spielberg Shoah Visual History Foundation). Elliot has taught continuing education courses on music and", "id": "12036254" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nin Cleveland. The museum's current major temporary exhibit is about the history of the magazine Rolling Stone. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame also curates many smaller temporary exhibits. Over the years, these exhibits have focused on such topics as the Vans Warped Tour, the Concert for Bangladesh, Woodstock's 40th anniversary, Austin City Limits, the Monterey International Pop Festival, Roy Orbison, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Marty Stuart, Paul Simon, Graham Nash, and John Mellencamp. The museum also devotes exhibits to photography", "id": "13649993" }, { "contents": "Bob Welch (musician)\n\n\n. When Fleetwood Mac was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, original band members Peter Green, Jeremy Spencer, Danny Kirwan, Mick Fleetwood, and John McVie were named to the Hall, as were Christine McVie, Lindsey Buckingham, and Stevie Nicks. Welch, who anchored the band for several years and five albums, was not. \"My era was the bridge era,\" Welch told the Cleveland newspaper the \"Plain Dealer\" in 1998, after he was snubbed by the Hall of Fame", "id": "12164549" }, { "contents": "Porky Chedwick\n\n\npioneering contributions to radio and rock and roll (and countless times around Pittsburgh, including a day-long 50th anniversary oldies concert called \"Porkstock\", in 1998 at Three Rivers Stadium) and another one in 1999. Chedwick was among a group of radio disc jockeys honored in the \"Dedicated to the One I Love\" exhibit at Cleveland, Ohio's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, in 1996. He was the only Pittsburgh DJ to be recognized in the Hall of Fame. At age 88, Chedwick", "id": "16246771" }, { "contents": "Jim Berkenstadt\n\n\nLibrary and Archive Collection at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland. In September 1998, Berkenstadt and Charles Cross co-authored the book \"Nevermind Nirvana\" about the creation of the \"Nevermind\" album by Nirvana. It served to create an understanding of how the album was so well received by the 90s generation of fans. \"Nevermind Nirvana\" is also a part of the permanent Library and Archive Collection at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. From 1998 to 2000, Berkenstadt produced two historical", "id": "19276904" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nand folk, country and bluegrass). It also features exhibits on cities that have had a major impact on rock and roll: Memphis, Detroit, London, Liverpool, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, and Seattle. There are exhibits about soul music, the Fifties, Sun Records, Atlantic Records, hip hop music, Cleveland's rock and roll legacy, the music of the Midwest, rock and roll radio and dee-jays, and the many protests against rock and roll. This gallery also has", "id": "13649981" }, { "contents": "Jerry Lee Lewis\n\n\nTop 50 all-time Billboard Country artists. On October 10, 2007, Lewis received the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's American Music Masters Award. His next album, \"Mean Old Man\", was released in September 2010 and reached No. 30 on the Billboard 200 album chart. On November 5, 2007, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, honored Lewis with six days of conferences, interviews, a DVD premiere and film clips, dedicated to him", "id": "12130596" }, { "contents": "Bob Sarles\n\n\nThe Stax Records Story\". He directed and edited films that are on display at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Experience Music Project in Seattle, and the Stax Museum of American Soul Music in Memphis. Sarles has directed music videos for Otis Redding and Jorma Kaukonen. He co-produced, directed and edited the triple platinum selling DVD boxed set \"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Live\" for Time Life. Sarles edited and co-directed (with Jay Blakesberg) the concert film Phil Lesh &", "id": "18128041" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Janet Jackson\n\n\n\"Legend Award\" at the Radio Music Awards' fifth annual ceremony. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the music industry. Janet Jackson is set to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 29, 2019. The Soul Train Music Awards are", "id": "8324588" }, { "contents": "Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame\n\n\nabout the great accomplishments of R&B artists besides the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his hometown Cleveland. While donating some items to the Rock Hall, he realized that a lot of well deserving R&B artists will never be given the type of recognition or honor that they deserve. He then decided to pursue creating such a place, acquiring the support of friends, some of which are Rhythm & Blues and Jazz musicians. After many years of planning, a mobile museum debuted in February 2012. An annual Hall of Fame induction", "id": "21603343" }, { "contents": "Gordon Gund\n\n\nrenamed Progressive Field), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the new Cleveland Browns Stadium (since renamed FirstEnergy Stadium). The Gunds would also operate one of the founding franchises of the WNBA, the Cleveland Rockers. They would also bring hockey to Gund Arena, in a revived version of the Cleveland Barons, who were the top minor-league affiliate of the Gunds' San Jose Sharks when the International Hockey League's Cleveland Lumberjacks folded. Mostly working with briarwood, Gund sculpts small figures, mostly animals.", "id": "10282990" }, { "contents": "The Midnighters\n\n\nof Cameo-Parkway, and several other record companies at the time. In 2012, the Midnighters as a group were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. A special subcommittee, appointed by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, addressed the question of recognizing pioneering groups that had not been inducted in the Hall's early years, when their front men were inducted. As a result of this committee's decision, the Midnighters were automatically inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame alongside Hank Ballard, without", "id": "9812622" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\ninductees in 1986. In addition, Cleveland cited radio station WMMS, which played a key role in breaking several major acts in the U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s, including David Bowie, who began his first U.S. tour in the city, Bruce Springsteen, Roxy Music, and Rush among many others. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, and Cleveland ranked first in a 1986 \"USA Today\" poll asking where the Hall of Fame should be located. On May 5, 1986, the", "id": "13649972" }, { "contents": "David White (musician)\n\n\n, at the age of 79; his daughter Wendy attributed the cause of his death as lung and throat cancer. In 1991, White's piano was donated to The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1992, White and Danny & the Juniors were inducted into The Hall of Fame and Walk of Fame in Philadelphia by The Philadelphia Music Alliance. In 2003, Danny & the Juniors were inducted into The Vocal Group Hall of Fame in Sharon, Pennsylvania. In 2013, White and Danny and the", "id": "21005592" }, { "contents": "The O'Jays\n\n\nHall of Fame in 2004, and The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2005. They formed the group in Canton, Ohio, in 1958 while attending Canton McKinley High School. Originally known as The Mascots, and then The Triumphs, the friends began recording with \"Miracles\" in 1961, which was a moderate hit in the Cleveland area. In 1963, they took the name \"The O'Jays,\" in tribute to Cleveland radio disc jockey Eddie O'Jay who was part of the powerful management team of Frankie Crocker,", "id": "10614234" }, { "contents": "Economy of Ohio\n\n\nOctober 8, 2012. Horseshoe Cincinnati is expected to be the state's fourth and final full-service casino when it opens on March 4, 2013. Ohio has two of the largest amusement parks in North America: Cedar Point in Sandusky and Kings Island in Mason. Other major attractions include the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland; the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton; the Bass Islands near Sandusky; the National Museum of the United States Air Force, the world's largest and oldest military aviation museum", "id": "21648163" }, { "contents": "Cleveland\n\n\nHospitals, Severance Hall, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and the Western Reserve Historical Society. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Cleveland 17th most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities. Cleveland is home to the I. M. Pei-designed Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on the Lake Erie waterfront at North Coast Harbor downtown. Neighboring attractions include Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Great Lakes Science Center, the Steamship Mather Museum, and the , a World War II submarine. Cleveland has an attraction", "id": "6231688" }, { "contents": "WMMS\n\n\na campaign (along with former Cleveland ad agency president Edward Spizel and author-deejay Norm N. Nite) which brought the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to Cleveland. John Gorman, Denny Sanders and Kid Leo organized the original campaign with Tunc Erim, assistant to Atlantic Records president Ahmet Ertegun. Jeff & Flash were also credited as being major contributors in bringing the Rock Hall to Cleveland, by heavily promoting on-air a \"USA Today\" reader poll to decide which city should get it. John Gorman and Denny Sanders", "id": "9562600" }, { "contents": "List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees\n\n\ninducted by a separate committee, and not by the ballot voting used for all other performer inductees. Note 2. This artist was later inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame after inducting someone else. Note 3. This artist was already a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame when they inducted someone else. Note 4. Dire Straits were the first artist in the hall's history to not have an official induction speaker. Band member John Illsley did the induction speech himself. Note 5. John Gustafson", "id": "14005276" }, { "contents": "Downtown Cleveland\n\n\nof Euclid Ave and E.9th Street, the Ameritrust complex is undergoing a complete revitalization and new construction. A historic rotunda, 29-story tower, and assorted office buildings are all set to be turned into a mixed-use complex of apartments, a hotel, and office space. The Cuyahoga County governmental headquarters is set to be built as an 8-story office tower connected to the main complex. Home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Great Lakes Science Center, Cleveland Browns Stadium, Steamship William G. Mather Maritime Museum", "id": "2873671" }, { "contents": "Phil Keaggy\n\n\n. Phil wrote the foreword to the book. In January 1997, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located in Cleveland, Ohio, opened an exhibit called \"My Town\". Because the exhibit focused on Cleveland's rock and roll history, Glass Harp was invited to perform at the Museum. The band is also currently represented in the Museum's Ohio Exhibit. The year also saw the release of Keaggy's \"On the Fly\" album, arguably his most ambitious instrumental project to date. Released through Canis Major", "id": "8098744" }, { "contents": "The Marvelettes\n\n\nPlease Mr Postman\" was inducted into the \"Grammy Hall of Fame\" in 2011. The Marvelettes were nominated for 2013 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. They became eligible for induction in 1987. Although they did not garner enough votes for induction, they made the ballot a second time for induction in the year 2015. On August 17, 2013 the Marvelettes were inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in Cleveland and again in June 2017 in Detroit, Michigan 2013- Inducted into the Rhythm and", "id": "12503426" }, { "contents": "Culture of Lebanon\n\n\na variety of music, including traditional Lebanese, classical Arabic, Armenian and modern French, English, American, and Latin tunes. Prominent traditional musicians include Fairuz, an icon during the civil war, Sabah Melhem Barakat, Wadih El Safi, Majida El Roumi, and Najwa Karam who built an international audience for the genre. Historical figure and Lebanese musical pioneer Lydia Canaan is listed in the catalog of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's Library and Archives in Cleveland, Ohio, USA as the first rock star", "id": "19319" }, { "contents": "Glass Harp (band)\n\n\n1993, John Sferra joined Phil Keaggy's band on the Crimson and Blue tour. At the tour's November 13 stop in Akron, OH (again at the Civic Theatre), Daniel Pecchio again joined with Keaggy/Sferra to perform several Glass Harp songs. In January 1997, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, opened an exhibit called \"My Town.\" Because the exhibit focused on Cleveland's rock and roll history, Glass Harp was invited to give a special performance and Q&A session at", "id": "10043136" }, { "contents": "Kid Leo\n\n\ninto the veins of listeners.” He was known for embracing new acts, and was credited with breaking many artists in the Cleveland market and giving them more advantage with greater national exposure. Some of those artists were Bruce Springsteen, John Mellencamp, Pat Benatar, Roxy Music, Cyndi Lauper, The Pretenders, New York Dolls, and Southside Johnny. While at WMMS, Kid Leo became involved in the campaign to bring the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to Cleveland. For his efforts in helping secure the Rock Hall,", "id": "8265728" }, { "contents": "DoubleTree Hotel Cleveland\n\n\nthe structure's 2009 renovation. The location of the hotel sits on a bluff that overlooks the Port of Cleveland, the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the North Coast Harbor, the Great Lakes Science Center and Lake Erie. It is one of five Hilton-family hotels in downtown Cleveland, the other four being the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel, Hilton Garden Inn (Cleveland), Reserve Square and the Hampton Inn. In early 2015, the Cleveland Division of Police responded to a call that a Cleveland man", "id": "19546218" }, { "contents": "Dave Marsh\n\n\nmusical adventurers rock has ever known.\" Along with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine publisher Jann Wenner, Marsh has been involved in organizing and maintaining the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. Marsh has at times courted controversy with his style of maintaining selections. Marsh has published four books about singer/musician Bruce Springsteen. Some of these became bestsellers, including \"Born to Run\" and \"Glory Days\". Marsh has edited and contributed to \"Rock and Roll Confidential\", a newsletter about rock music", "id": "11167169" }, { "contents": "Classic Vinyl\n\n\nbroadcast live 24/7 from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, in conjunction with a deal between Sirius and the Hall. Several other Sirius legacy channels have also had tie-ins with the Hall of Fame. Initially, the channel broadcast on Sirius channel 14. Like other Sirius legacy channels, Classic Vinyl had live DJs in between some songs except on the overnight hours. Meanwhile, then-rival XM Satellite Radio broadcast a similar Classic rock channel called Top Tracks that aired much of the same programming as well as", "id": "9641029" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nRhymes and Rage: The Hip-Hop Story\". That was the first major museum exhibit to focus on hip-hop. It ran from November 11, 1999, to August 6, 2000. It was followed by \"Rock Style\", an exhibit that focused on rock and roll and fashion. It featured clothing from Buddy Holly to Alice Cooper, from Ray Charles to David Bowie and from Smokey Robinson to Sly Stone. After it closed in Cleveland, \"Rock Style\" traveled to other museums in the U.S.", "id": "13649990" }, { "contents": "R&B Showcase Radio Show\n\n\ninterested in careers in the entertainment industry. The \"R&B Showcase Radio Show\" is included as one of the official radio programs of the R&B Music Hall of Fame. Both Marshall as a radio host and Cotton as an international journalist were inducted into the R&B Music Hall of Fame on August 17, 2013 in Cleveland, Ohio. Their names are also enshrined in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame archives. Marshall and Cotton have received New Jersey state Senate proclamations for their contribution to the music industry preserving the cultural heritage of", "id": "2443155" }, { "contents": "Galleria at Erieview\n\n\nThe Galleria at Erieview is a two floor shopping mall that opened in 1987 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the east side of the city's downtown. It is adjacent to the Erieview Tower, a 40-story office building. The Galleria is a few blocks away from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The concept for the Galleria began in 1985, when Richard E. Jacobs, who had just bought the Cleveland Indians baseball team, also bought the Tower at Erieview, which had opened in 1964. Jacobs began", "id": "3142072" }, { "contents": "David Ruffin\n\n\n, but the two duos fell out, allegedly due to Daryl Hall's objections to Ruffin's heavy drug use. After being inducted in 1989 into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (along with the other Temptations) Ruffin, Kendrick and Dennis Edwards began touring and recording as \"Ruffin/Kendrick/Edwards: Former Leads of The Temptations\". On August 17, 2013, in Cleveland, Ohio, The Official R&B Music Hall of Fame inducted David Ruffin as a solo artist and member of The Temptations. His family", "id": "9917667" }, { "contents": "Alan Freed\n\n\nof the first group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. In 1988, he was also posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame. On December 10, 1991, Freed was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The VH1 series \"Behind The Music\" produced an episode on Freed featuring Roger Steffens. In 1998 The Official Website of Alan Freed went online with the jumpstart from Brian Levant and Michael Ochs archives as well as a home page biography written by Ben Fong-Torres", "id": "5011114" }, { "contents": "Billy Joel\n\n\nbroken when Joel voted for Cleveland. Joel was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland in 1999 by one of his chief musical influences, Ray Charles. Joel was also named MusiCares Person of the Year for 2002, an award given each year at the same time as the Grammy Awards. At the dinner honoring him, various artists performed versions of his songs, including Nelly Furtado, Stevie Wonder, Jon Bon Jovi, Diana Krall, Rob Thomas and Natalie Cole. Joel has won five Grammys, including", "id": "73430" }, { "contents": "The Chantels\n\n\nto Jackie Landry, who died in 1997. The Chantels were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2001 they made the final ballot for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but without enough votes for induction. Despite continued appearances since then on Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ballots by 1950s doo-wop groups, The Chantels did not get enough votes to reach any subsequent ballot until September 2009, when it was revealed that they were one of 12 nominees to be inducted to the", "id": "18223753" }, { "contents": "Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nThe Iowa Rock ‘n’ Roll Hall of Fame is a museum located in Arnolds Park, Iowa and maintained by the non-profit Iowa Rock ‘n’ Roll Music Association (IRRMA). The mission of IRRMA is to “retain and honor the legacy of rock ’n’ roll music and preserve the history of music in the state of Iowa.” Established in 1997, IRRMA inducts members into the Hall of Fame annually in one or more of these categories: Artists, Establishments, Establishment Owners, Media Personalities", "id": "3529752" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\n\n\nprogram is the annual American Music Masters series. Each year the museum celebrates one of the Hall's inductees with a week-long series of programs that include interviews, film screenings, and, often, a special exhibit. The celebration ends with an all-star concert held at a Cleveland theater. The concerts include a diverse mix of artists, from Hall of Fame inductees to contemporary musicians. The American Music Masters series began in 1996 with \"Hard Travelin': The Life and Legacy of Pete Seeger\". Since", "id": "13649998" }, { "contents": "Roy Head\n\n\nHead and The (original) Traits were inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame by the Hall's Curator, Bob Timmers. Tommy Bolton and George Frazier were inducted posthumously. Musicians for the performance were Traits Head, Gerry Gibson, Dan Buie, Clyde Causey, Bill Pennington and Gene Kurtz, with special guests Bill York, Don Hutchko, Don Head (1933–2009), and his son, Jason \"Sundance\" Head. In 2008, Head performed in Cleveland, Ohio for The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. As", "id": "5223233" }, { "contents": "Cleveland\n\n\nof the city's many leading academic institutions. Ohio's premier cultural center, Cleveland is home to Playhouse Square, the second largest performing arts district in the U.S. after New York's Lincoln Center, as well as the Cleveland Orchestra (one of the \"Big Five\" American orchestras), the Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The city boasts a nationally-renowned culinary culture and was named the 7th best food city in the nation by \"Time\" magazine in 2015. Known", "id": "6231606" }, { "contents": "Midwestern United States\n\n\nmusical style in the United States, deriving most directly from the rhythm and blues music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlier blues, boogie woogie, jazz, and swing music, and was also influenced by gospel, country and western, and traditional folk music. Freed's contribution in identifying rock as a new genre helped establish the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located in Cleveland. Chuck Berry, a Midwesterner from St. Louis, was among the first successful rock and roll artists and influenced many other rock musicians", "id": "15016383" }, { "contents": "David Brigati\n\n\nGroovin'\". The brothers also sang at the Beacon Theater's show \"\" in 1991. Their rendition of \"Groovin'\" was included on the compilation recording. When the Rascals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 in Cleveland, Ohio, Brigati performed with the four original members of the group. On April 24, 2010, Brigati appeared with the Rascals when they reunited again to perform at the Tribeca Grill in New York City in a show arranged by Gene Cornish. The reunion included", "id": "19238325" }, { "contents": "Johnny Cash\n\n\nhis presence in five major music halls of fame: the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (1977), the Country Music Hall of Fame (1980), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1992), GMA's Gospel Music Hall of Fame (2010). and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame (2013). Cash was the only country music artist inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a \"performer\", unlike the other country members, who were inducted as \"early influences\".", "id": "15549455" }, { "contents": "Ric Ocasek\n\n\nRichard Theodore Otcasek (born 1943 or 1944) known as Ric Ocasek (), is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. He is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and songwriter for the rock band the Cars. In 2018, Ocasek was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cars. Ocasek grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. When Ocasek was 16 years old, his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he graduated from Maple Heights High School", "id": "15162003" }, { "contents": "Michael Hampton\n\n\nMichael Hampton (born November 15, 1956) is an American funk/rock guitarist. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Hampton was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and started his professional career when he was recruited as a seventeen-year-old guitar prodigy by the band Funkadelic, which found itself in need of a lead guitarist after original guitarist Eddie Hazel left the band. Hampton impressed Funkadelic's George Clinton by performing a", "id": "17808714" }, { "contents": "Yolanda Cuomo\n\n\nLibrary. It has been described by the Harvard Gazette as “uniquely rich even within Harvard’s enormously diverse collections.” Santo Domingo’s rock collection was donated to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland. In January 2013, Cuomo moved her studio to the Landmark Arts Building in Chelsea. The building is shared by the Aperture Foundation, The Magnum Foundation, Peter Hujar’s Archive, and numerous galleries. Cuomo has taught courses on graphic design and bookmaking since 1982 when she started at the School of Visual", "id": "8574125" }, { "contents": "John Fullbright\n\n\nworded stories that resonate with confident performances that pop.\" The album peaked at #10 on the Billboard Top Folk Albums chart for the week of June 9, 2012. Fullbright performed at a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame tribute concert honoring Chuck Berry on October 27, 2012. The concert – part of the Hall's American Music Masters Series – took place in Cleveland at the State Theater. Fullbright played keyboard and harmonica on \"Downbound Train.\" In his review of the show for \"Cleveland Scene\", Jeff", "id": "2221111" }, { "contents": "Jane Scott (rock critic)\n\n\n\". Besides music, Scott's hobbies included handwriting analysis and being an avid deltiologist, with a collection primarily of Cleveland landmarks, and she was a member of the Western Reserve Post Card Society. Scott also was a chirologist, once causing the Who to be late going on stage for a Cleveland concert because she was reading their palms backstage. On August 28, 2011, a memorial service was held for Jane Scott at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, which was attended by over 900 people, and", "id": "9345901" }, { "contents": "John Lee Hooker\n\n\nin the 2008 Universal fire. Among his many awards, Hooker was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. He was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000 and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Two of his songs, \"Boogie Chillen\" and \"Boom Boom\", are included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of the \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\". \"Boogie Chillen\" is also", "id": "15878959" }, { "contents": "25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concerts\n\n\nThe 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concerts were a two-day concert series celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . It took place on October 29th and 30th, 2009 at Madison Square Garden and the tickets cost between $75USD and $2,000USD. The idea behind the concert was to have Hall of Fame inductees perform in eight segments (Crosby, Stills and Nash, Simon and Garfunkel, Stevie Wonder, Bruce Springsteen, Aretha Franklin, Jeff Beck, Metallica and U2) and to", "id": "11704206" }, { "contents": "Cleveland Rockers\n\n\nteam. The city of Cleveland was granted one of the original 8 franchises of the WNBA. The Cleveland Rockers got their nickname from Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 1997, they started with such players like Isabelle Fijalkowski and former Harlem Globetrotters member Lynette Woodard, who had been the first female player in Globetrotter history. The Rockers finished 15-13 in the first WNBA season ever, missing the playoffs in 1997. In 1998, the Rockers went 20-10 and won the Eastern Conference title. However", "id": "13120758" }, { "contents": "History of Cleveland\n\n\n1986, Cleveland was not only out of default but was named an All-America City for a second, third, and fourth time. Voinovich then made a successful run for the governorship of Ohio. Voinovich's successor was another progressive figure in Cleveland politics and the second African American to become mayor, Michael R. White. Redevelopment within the city limits under White was strongest in the downtown area near the Gateway complex—consisting of Jacobs Field and Gund Arena—and near the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Cleveland Browns", "id": "9235280" }, { "contents": "The Temptations\n\n\nthe Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2005. They received the Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award in 2013. On Saturday August 17, 2013, the Temptations were officially inducted into the R&B Music Hall of Fame at the inaugural ceremony held at the Waetejen Auditorium on the campus of Cleveland State University. In 2018, the story of the Temptations served as inspiration for the jukebox musical \"Ain't Too Proud\", which opened on Broadway in March 2019. The show was nominated for 11 Tony Awards at the 73rd Tony", "id": "16577823" }, { "contents": "Kool DJ Red Alert\n\n\nGavin. He was named one of the 50 most influential people in music by Rolling Stone magazine. Red Alert is the only hip hop deejay honored with a display in the Radio Section of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. He has been appointed by the United Nations as an honorary Ambassador To Music. In June 2003, he was recognized with a location on the Bronx Walk of Fame, a series of street signs recognizing people of note from the borough, alongside other notables such as Colin Powell", "id": "18505698" }, { "contents": "Philip Burke\n\n\n\"GQ\". Burke's work has been exhibited in a unique partnership with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. The exhibit, The Color of Rock: The Art of Philip Burke, was on view at the Rock Hall from November 2006 - April 2007. The exhibit now travels throughout the United States. Burke's subjects range from politicos and media personalities, to athletes and musicians. Most notably his recent work featuring prominent players in the 2008 election serve as a historical reference: Barack Obama,", "id": "11405582" }, { "contents": "Music of Canada\n\n\nhas been inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, Canada's Walk of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. Leonard Cohen has been inducted into both the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame and is also a Companion of the Order of Canada. Folk legend Joni Mitchell is an Alberta native, and has been inducted into both the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Walt Grealis of Toronto started in the music business with Apex Records in", "id": "13162441" }, { "contents": "Ike Turner\n\n\nRock and Roll Hall of Fame with Tina Turner in 1991. In 2001, he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. He is also inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame, the Blues Hall of Fame, and the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. In 2018, \"Rocket 88\" was one of the first songs inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Singles. Turner was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, on November 5, 1931, to Beatrice Cushenberry, a seamstress, and Izear", "id": "5422831" }, { "contents": "Jane Scott (rock critic)\n\n\nin bringing the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to Cleveland. Scott was born at Mt. Sinai Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio in 1919. She is a 1937 graduate of Lakewood High School in Lakewood, Ohio, and a 1941 graduate of the University of Michigan, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree, majoring in English, Speech and Drama and she also earned a teachers certificate. Scott had one brother, Will (also deceased); she had no children and never married. Scott's first experience with journalism was", "id": "9345889" }, { "contents": "Dion DiMucci\n\n\nControversially, when Dion's solo induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame occurred, the other original members of the Belmonts (Carlo Mastrangelo, Fred Milano, and Angelo D'Aleo) were not inducted, and as of 2019, have yet to be. In a \"Billboard Magazine\" article, dated January 3, 2012, it was stated: \"There was strife between DiMucci and Belmonts members, who were not pleased when DiMucci was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame without them in 1989.\" In", "id": "11617484" }, { "contents": "Sandra Pianalto\n\n\n. Before joining the Bank, Ms. Pianalto was an economist at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and served on the staff of the Budget Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives. Pianalto is active in the Fourth District's civic community. She serves on the boards of directors of many community organizations, including The Cleveland Foundation, the Greater Cleveland Partnership, University Hospitals Health System, United Way Services of Cleveland, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education, the", "id": "22195419" }, { "contents": "Michael R. White\n\n\nHopkins International Airport CLE to London's Gatwick LGW. This flight is popular with Cleveland's business community and helps Clevelanders bypass the traditional Cleveland-NYC-London connections. Continental Airlines in 1997 opened a new Gate D at Hopkins Airport. Under Mayor White's tenure, Cleveland became a tourist spot with the openings of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1995) and the Great Lakes Science Center (1996). White announced at an informal appearance at Miles Standish Elementary School on April 23, 2001 that he would not", "id": "5928709" }, { "contents": "Little Anthony and the Imperials\n\n\ninducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Gourdine, Wright, Collins, Strain, and Rogers were present to be honored. Deceased original Imperials member Tracey Lord was inducted posthumously; his sons accepted his Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction on his behalf. The group was inducted by Smokey Robinson. In October 2009, the group performed \"Two People in the World\" at the 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Concert. In 2014, \"Goldmine\" magazine inducted the Imperials into \"The Goldmine Hall", "id": "3272813" }, { "contents": "Public Auditorium\n\n\n1924 and 1983. Its use as a concert venue declined sharply after the completion of the Wolstein Center at Cleveland State University in 1991. The annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremonies have been held in Public Auditorium several times. In April 2009, it hosted the 24th induction ceremonies, the first open to the public. On April 14, 2012, the facility hosted the Hall of Fame's 27th induction ceremonies. On April 18, 2015, the facility hosted the 30th anniversary induction ceremonies. On April 14,", "id": "19134614" }, { "contents": "Edwin Starr\n\n\nedition of the PBS series American Soundtrack. His performance of \"25 Miles\" was included on the accompanying live album that was released in 2004. Starr remained a hero on England's Northern Soul circuit and continued living in England for the remainder of his life. Edwin Starr was inducted into the inaugural class of the Official Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame at Cleveland State University August 2013 Starr was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2017. Starr died on April 2, 2003, from a", "id": "21825640" }, { "contents": "Alan Freed\n\n\nassociation lasted only two months. During 1964, he returned to the Los Angeles area and worked at KNOB/97.9. Freed died in a Palm Springs, California, hospital on January 20, 1965, from uremia and cirrhosis brought on by alcoholism; he was 43 years old, and was initially interred in the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. In March 2002, Judith Fisher Freed carried his ashes to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. On August 1, 2014, the Hall of Fame asked", "id": "5011111" }, { "contents": "Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers\n\n\nnicer than the one we got in Chicago.\" From July 2006 until 2007, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio featured an exhibit of Tom Petty items. Much of the content was donated by Petty himself from a visit to his home by some of the Rock Hall curatorial staff. In 2007, the band accepted an invitation to participate in a tribute album to Fats Domino, contributing their version of \"I'm Walkin'\" to \"\" (Vanguard). In 2008, the Heartbreakers were", "id": "16879122" }, { "contents": "Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands\n\n\nThe FORTUNE Battle of the Corporate Bands is an annual music competition for amateur company-sponsored bands in the United States, Europe and Australia. Created in 2001, the contest's proceeds benefit the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, OH, which also serves as the location for the final round of the competition. The FORTUNE Battle of the Corporate Bands is presented through a partnership with FORTUNE magazine and the Rock Hall, and is sponsored by the NAMM Foundation (National Association of Music Merchants), Gibson Guitars,", "id": "9817590" }, { "contents": "Tom L. Johnson\n\n\nto expire three days after the election. Taking advantage of a legal technicality to get the new mayor sworn in early, Johnson's men staged a surprise takeover of City Hall and saved the land for the city (today this land, with later landfill additions, holds Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Great Lakes Science Center). Johnson's four terms in office transformed Cleveland. Securing a bipartisan reform majority in the city council allowed him to effect major changes in every department of city government", "id": "21407296" }, { "contents": "History of Ohio\n\n\n. In 1995 the Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame museum opened in Cleveland, commemorating Ohio's contributory past to the art, including being the location of the first live rock 'n roll concert in 1952. The state is tied with Oklahoma and California for producing the most Miss America pageant winners through 2010 with six. Ohio has five of the top 115 colleges in the nation, according to \"U.S. News and World Report's\" 2010 rankings. In 2008 it was ranked 8th by the same magazine for best high", "id": "13354237" }, { "contents": "Joel Selvin\n\n\nin 2007. On the subject of the Summer of Love, Selvin said: Selvin has taught classes at San Francisco State University and has lectured at Mills College, Blue Bear School of Music, and at the University of California, Berkeley Journalism Colloquium. Selvin has taken part in museum events regarding rock and roll memorabilia. In May 1997, he served as featured docent for the San Francisco Sound half of a psychedelic era exhibit of London and San Francisco memorabilia at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.", "id": "8725124" }, { "contents": "WMMS\n\n\nPaul Schrader (\"Light of Day\"), have called on both The Buzzard and its personnel while preparing for various rock-themed productions. WMMS was also a major driving force behind the successful campaign to bring the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to Cleveland. \"Rolling Stone\" named WMMS \"Best Radio Station\" (Large Market) nine straight years (1979–87) as part of the magazine's annual Readers' Poll, but the station admitted to stuffing the 1987 ballot following a February 1988 front-page story", "id": "9562577" }, { "contents": "Classic Vinyl\n\n\n-fide radio legend and one of a handful of DJs celebrated in the Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame and Museum, \"Megless\" actually went to school to be a veterinarian, but after getting a gig at a college radio station, she was hooked. Weekdays 12 pm - 6 pm ET A Cleveland native with Rock and Roll in her blood. Weekends 6 pm - 12 am ET Dennis Elsas helped to shape the sound of the FM progressive revolution of the 1970s. Over the course of his career, he has", "id": "9641034" }, { "contents": "Cheetah Chrome\n\n\nsample chapter to them in Spring 2009. He signed a book deal with Voyageur and began writing his autobiography. In September 2010, \"Cheetah Chrome: A Dead Boy's Tale From The Front Lines Of Punk Rock\" was published. Chrome participated in the February/ West Coast and April/ Midwest-East Coast \"Cleveland Confidential Book Tour\" with fellow Cleveland musicians and authors Mike Hudson of the Pagans and Bob Pfeiffer of Human Switchboard. Stops included the Experience Music Project in Seattle, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum", "id": "2206161" }, { "contents": "Lars Ulrich\n\n\ninducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2009, Ulrich was the first Dane to receive the honor. Having led a campaign for several years to get his longtime favorite band, Deep Purple, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Ulrich delivered the band's induction speech when Deep Purple finally went into the Hall in 2016. Ulrich was knighted in his native country of Denmark. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog on 26 May 2017, by Margrethe II. In", "id": "7692754" }, { "contents": "Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP\n\n\nRock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP is EP compilation by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released in 2012 through iTunes as a digital-only download. The band first announced the EP through their website on April 19, 2012 with the title \"We Salute You\", although it was changed on the date of the release. The EP consists of six cover songs, live and in the studio, of previous Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees all who influenced the band. The EP was released to", "id": "16528946" }, { "contents": "BoDeans\n\n\nBoDeans is an American rock band. Formed in Waukesha, Wisconsin, BoDeans came to prominence in the 1980s. The band's sound encompasses multiple rock genres, including roots rock and alternative rock. The band's biggest hit to date is \"Closer to Free\", which was used as the theme song to the hit TV series \"Party of Five\". BoDeans has a permanent installation at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum in Cleveland, Ohio. Kurt Neumann and Sam Llanas met at Waukesha South High School in", "id": "9975401" }, { "contents": "Johnny Cash Museum\n\n\nmusic in a lot of different styles, including country, rockabilly, gospel, blues, and rock and roll, and he has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Gospel Music Hall of Fame, the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame. His trademark nickname – Man in Black – came from the signature all-black wardrobe he wore for performances. The original museum honoring the star – known as House of Cash – was", "id": "5931178" } ]

[ { "contents": "2004 Abkhazian presidential election\n\n\nthe Supreme Court not rule in its favour. Among the guests who addressed the congress were Sergei Bagapsh, acting Prime Minister Astamur Tarba, chairman of the Central Election Commission Sergei Smyr and Chairman of the Language Commission Aleksei Kaslandzia. On 10 September The Supreme Court upheld the Central Election Commission's decision to bar Alexander Ankvab from the presidential elections. The court agreed with Ankvab and Aitaira that the CEC had failed to demonstrate that Ankvab had failed the residence requirements, but it also ruled that the CEC had been right to exclude Ankvab", "id": "11628715" }, { "contents": "Judson C. Clements\n\n\nwill. As a commissioner, he was considered to be a radical. Clements was among the commissioners who led the fight for the Commission to get real power over the railroads, a battle which nearly led to the Commission being legislated out of existence but which resulted in the passing of the Hepburn Act in 1906. Clements favored the physical valuation of railroads, which would aid in accessing taxation and allow the Commission to better evaluate rate increase requests. In 1911, after serving a month as acting chairman, he was elected chairman", "id": "5624836" }, { "contents": "2005 Pengkalan Pasir by-election\n\n\nwith the Election Commission, arguing that Hanafi was forbidden to run under the Universities and University Colleges Act 1975; Hanafi is a PhD candidate at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), and the act forbids all undergraduate and post-graduate students from being involved in any political activities whatsoever. However, the Electoral Commission refused to entertain the objection. The Election Commission's chairman, Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman, said, \"That objection is too trivial, democracy must be maintained... anyone who is qualified may run.\" After nominations", "id": "11548655" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\nhave been a candidate for any elective position in the immediate preceding elections. The Chairman and the Commissioners are appointed by the President, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments and hold office for seven years, without reappointment. The Chairman acts as the Presiding Officer and Chief Executive Officer of the Commission. Assisting the Commission are an executive director and deputies, 17 Regional Election Directors, Provincial Election Supervisors and Election Officers in cities and municipalities. has more than 15,000 employees. The Commissioners exercise quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial", "id": "4060978" }, { "contents": "Bangladesh Election Commission\n\n\nchief election commissioner is to act as its chairman. Under the constitution, the term of office of any election commissioner is five years from the date on which he enters upon office. A person who has held office as chief election commissioner is not eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic. Any other Election Commissioner is, on ceasing to hold such office, eligible for appointment as Chief Election Commissioner, but is not eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic. The Election Commission was formed on 23 March 1956", "id": "21071005" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\nChairman Benjamin Abalos, Sr. faced with an impending impeachment case resigned in a press conference. The Commission on Elections appointed Resurreccion Z. Borra as Acting Chairman. Mr. Abalos stated: \"\"I'm resigning... effective immediately,\" Mr. Abalos told a news conference. \"However, let not my detractors feast on this declaration. I'm not admitting guilt for any wrongdoing\".\" An impeachment complaint against Commission on Elections () chairman Benjamin Abalos Sr was formally filed before the House of Representatives after Romulo Neri, former", "id": "4060976" }, { "contents": "Resurreccion Borra\n\n\nResurreccion Borra (born October 20, 1935) is a Filipino public servant who is a Career Executive Service Officer (CESO), a former commissioner and was the Acting Chairman of the Philippine Commission on Elections. He was the most senior Commissioner of COMELEC who has served the agency for over 44 years. He replaced Benjamin Abalos upon the latter's resignation. Assumed office: October 2, 2007 Dissolved: February 2, 2008 Chairman Borra retired effective February 2, 2008. He was replaced by Romeo A. Brawner as an Acting", "id": "10269957" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\nAfrica, Haydee Yorac, Andres Flores, Anacleto Badoy, and Dario Rama as members of the \"new\" Commission on Elections. On February 15, 1988 Hilario G. Davide, Jr., was appointed Chairman with Alfredo E. Abueg, Jr., Haydee B. Yorac, Leopoldo L. Africa, Andres R. Flores, Dario C. Rama and Magdara B. Dimaampao as Commissioners. Commissioner Haydee B. Yorac was appointed as Acting Chairman when Hilario G. Davide, Jr. was appointed Chairman of the Presidential Fact Finding Commission in December 1989, pursuant to Administrative Order", "id": "4060969" }, { "contents": "President of Singapore\n\n\nor registered under the Companies Act with shareholders' equity of at least $500 million, that they held a position of comparable seniority and responsibility in the public or private sector that has given them experience and ability in administering and managing financial affairs. The PEC consists of the Chairman of the Public Service Commission, who is also the Chairman of the PEC, the Chairman of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, and a member of the Presidential Council for Minority Rights. For the 2017 presidential election, the members of the PEC", "id": "1810413" }, { "contents": "Guyana Elections Commission\n\n\nThe Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) is the entity responsible for the administration and conduct of elections in Guyana. GECOM is headed by a chairman and six commissioners, and is supported by core staff in its secretariat. The work of the commission is supplemented in its elections preparation and administration by thousands of temporary staff. Prior to 1991, the Elections Commission was composed of a Chairman who was appointed by the President and one member in respect of each political party, including the governmental party, which had not less than five seats", "id": "8830581" }, { "contents": "Central Election Commission of Abkhazia\n\n\nThe Central Election Commission of Abkhazia is the body responsible for conducting national elections and overseeing local elections in Abkhazia. It was first formed on 20 July 1991. The first chairman of the Central Election Commission was Viacheslav Tsugba, who held the post until he became Prime Minister in 1999. On 11 October 2004, Sergei Smyr resigned during the height of the crisis following the Presidential election earlier that month. On 14 December, the newly formed Central Election Commission elected former Justice Minister Batal Tabagua as its chairman. In 2016, Tabagua", "id": "13069149" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\nNo. 146. On June 6, 1991 Christian Monsod was appointed by President Aquino as Chairman of the Commission to serve the unexpired term of Davide. When Monsod retired on February 15, 1995 President Fidel V. Ramos appointed Court of Appeals Justice Bernardo Pardo as Chairman of the Commission. Pardo's term was cut short when he was appointed by President Joseph Estrada as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in October 1998. Commissioner Luzviminda Tancangco was appointed Acting Chairman of the Commission. On January 11, 1999 President Estrada appointed Sandiganbayan Justice", "id": "4060970" }, { "contents": "Guam Constitutional Convention of 1977\n\n\n, as determined by the election commission. It provided for a referendum to approve the constitution following the convention. A special election was held on April 16, 1977, at which delegates were elected to the Constitutional Convention. The following is a list of the delegates who were elected and from which municipal district each was elected. The Convention was convened on May 4, 1977 by Speaker Joseph F. Ada. Members of the Convention selected Carl T.C. Gutierrez to act as Chairman of the Convention. On December 15, 1977, the", "id": "4964378" }, { "contents": "5th convocation of the Sukhumi City Council\n\n\nChairman of the State Committee for Repatriation and Rshtuni as Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Standards and Consumer and Technical Supervision. On 5 February, the Election Commission composed by the City Council elected Rismag Ajinjal as its chairman, and set 4 April as the election date. Adgur Kharazia had been appointed as acting mayor by newly elected President Raul Khajimba on 22 October 2014, and had to be elected to the City Council to be permanently appointed. (Kharazia's predecessor Alias Labakhua, although dismissed as mayor, remained a member of", "id": "7017142" }, { "contents": "Election Commissioner of Bangladesh\n\n\nThe Election Commissioner of Bangladesh (EC) () is a member of Election Commission of Bangladesh, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair national and regional elections. Article 118 of the Bangladeshi Constitution consisting of a Chief Election Commissioner and four other Election Commissioners, appointed by the President. The appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh and other Election Commissioners is made by the President. The Chief Election Commissioner is to act as Chairman of the Election Commission of Bangladesh. Under the Constitution the term of office of any", "id": "5367539" }, { "contents": "Scott Simms\n\n\nthe Canadian Human Rights Act, which allows the Canadian Human Rights Commission to punish people who communicate by phone or Internet any material \"that is likely to expose a person or persons to hatred or contempt.\" In 2013, Simms was courted by the supporters in the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador to run for the provincial leadership in the 2013 leadership election, but ultimately declined to focus on federal politics. Simms was re-elected in the 2015 federal election. In April 2018, Simms was removed as Chairman of the", "id": "6089028" }, { "contents": "Electoral Commission of Ghana\n\n\nThe Electoral Commission of Ghana is the official body in Ghana responsible for all public elections. Made up of seven members, its independence is guaranteed by the 1992 Ghana constitution. The current commission was established by the Electoral Commission Act (Act 451) of 1993. Kwadwo Afari-Gyan was the first substantive Chairman of the Commission from 1993-2015. In December 5,2018 the Electoral commission chaired by Jean Adukwei Mensah reverted to the old logo Eagles with coat of arms after the controversy over the new logo The Commission is made up", "id": "18716603" }, { "contents": "Janusz Śniadek\n\n\na chairman of the Institutional Commission of Solidarity at the Stocznia Gdynia. From 1992 to 1995, he was a member of the Gdansk area's office, and from 1995 of the Union's national commission. In 1997, Janusz Śniadek became the vice-chairman of Solidarity. As an AWS member, he ran for 1997 parliamentary election but without success. In 1998, he was selected chairman of Gdansk area's office. In 2002, he was elected as the chairman of Solidarity, replacing Marian Krzaklewski who was criticized because of", "id": "899299" }, { "contents": "Australian Electoral Commission\n\n\nuntil 1972. The Australian Electoral Office was created in 1973 by the \"Australian Electoral Office Act 1973\". On 21 February 1984 the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) was established as a Commonwealth statutory authority. The AEC is answerable to the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters of the Parliament of Australia, and must report on how elections were carried out and the success of elections in general. The AEC was created by and operates under the \"Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918\". It consists of a chairman (a Judge or", "id": "1481894" }, { "contents": "Local Government Boundary Commission for England (1972)\n\n\n7 of the 1972 Act placed the commission on a statutory basis, It provided that \"The Commission shall be a body corporate consisting of a chairman, a deputy chairman and not more than five other members.\" All were to be appointed by the Secretary of State for the Environment for fixed terms. The first task of the LGBCE Designate was to divide England outside of Greater London and the metropolitan counties into non-metropolitan districts. In February 1972 it was announced that the government wished to hold elections for the new district", "id": "18530231" }, { "contents": "Bar Council of India\n\n\n'Law Commission'. M. C. Setalvad and C. K. Daphtary were the first chairman and vice chairman respectively. In 1963, C. K. Daphtary became the Chairman and S. K. Ghose became the Vice Chairman. Section 7 of the Advocates Act, 1961 lays down the Bar Council’s regulatory and representative mandate. The functions of the Bar Council are to: As per the Advocates Act, the Bar Council of India consists of members elected from each state bar council, and the Attorney General of India and the Solicitor General of India", "id": "3593273" }, { "contents": "Giorgi Baramidze\n\n\nparticipation in NATO Partnership for Peace Program (PFP). In 1995, he was one of co-founders of Eduard Shevardnadze's Union of Citizens of Georgia Party and was elected its deputy chairman, acting as Secretary General of the party from 1995 through 1996. In the 1995 parliamentary elections, he was elected from Didube district of Tbilisi. In 1996, he was elected Chairman of Investigation Commission of Parliamentary Anti-Corruption Committee. As a result of anti-corruption activities, he masterminded to have the following several ministers resign", "id": "6467096" }, { "contents": "Elections in China\n\n\nof the NPC, the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and the President of the Supreme People's Court are elected by the NPC on the nomination of the Presidium of the NPC. The Premier is elected by the NPC on the nomination of the President. Other members of the State Council are elected by the NPC on the nomination of the Premier. Other members of the Central Military Commission are elected by the NPC on the nomination of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. In the 2008 election for the Chairman of", "id": "15234156" }, { "contents": "Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania\n\n\nthe end of odd-numbered years. A Tax Collector and three Township Auditors are also elected by township voters at-large to six-year terms. A chairman and vice chairman are appointed among the Board of Supervisors. Springettsbury Township is a municipal corporation organized under the Pennsylvania Second Class Township Code. The township has functioned under a Supervisor – Manager form of government since 1963. A Township Manager, who acts as the Chief Administrative Officer, is appointed by the Board of Supervisors. Various boards and commissions are also formed", "id": "9324981" }, { "contents": "New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission\n\n\ndisclosure of lobbying activity, and requires personal financial disclosure statements for certain candidates. Normally composed of four members, two Democrats and two Republicans, selected by the Governor of New Jersey, the commission has had a vacant seat since November 2011, the second year of the governorship of Chris Christie. They were Ronald DeFilippis‚ Chairman; Jeffrey M. Brindle‚ Executive Director; and Walter F. Timpone‚ Vice Chairman. In March 2017 the commission, which had been unable to act for a year because of a lack of a quorum", "id": "18404334" }, { "contents": "2014 Crimean parliamentary election\n\n\nheld in 30 Russian regions and 14 regional (Russian) legislatures. According to Crimean State Council Chairman Vladimir Konstantinov, the elections will be conducted according to a mixed system. Fifty deputies will be elected on Party-list proportional representation and 25 in majority constituencies. Russian Central Election Commission Chairman Vladimir Churov said that the commission filed a request for funding with the government for 400 million roubles to conduct the election. On 9 September 2014 Head of the Republic of Crimea Sergey Aksyonov announced that Crimean residents \"who did not manage to", "id": "18071139" }, { "contents": "Electoral Court of South Africa\n\n\nThe Electoral Court is a South African court that oversees the Electoral Commission (EC) and the conduct of elections. It was established by the Electoral Commission Act, 1996 to replace a Special Electoral Court which oversaw the 1994 elections, and has status similar to that of a division of the High Court. The court consists of a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal as chairman, two High Court judges, and two other members. All members are appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. the", "id": "16765515" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\n, 2008, former Supreme Court justice Jose Melo was sworn in as new chairman of the Commission on Elections () by acting Chair Romeo A. Brawner. Melo's ad interim appointment (Congress is not in session) was sent by the Malacañan to the Commission on Appointments. On May 29, 2008, Romeo A. Brawner died from a massive heart attack. Brawner, appointed to the to replace the controversial Virgilio Garcillano, was supposed to end his term on February 2, 2011. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, on July 2", "id": "4060973" }, { "contents": "Frank R. McNinch\n\n\nFrank Ramsay McNinch (April 27, 1873 – April 2, 1950) was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. He was a political figure who served as the mayor of Charlotte, as chairman of the Federal Power Commission, and as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. In the 1928 presidential election, McNinch, a Democrat, supported Republican Herbert Hoover for president. After he was elected, Hoover appointed McNinch to a seat on the Federal Power Commission, leading to a split in the North Carolina Democratic Party that damaged the", "id": "10436948" }, { "contents": "Andrew Richner\n\n\nand later as a member of the Wayne County Commission. Richner won election to the Michigan House of Representatives in 1996 and served three terms. During that time, he was a member of the Michigan Commission on Uniform State Laws and the Securities Act drafting committee of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Richner was elected to the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan in 2002, and re-elected in 2010. He is the current Chairman of the Board. From July 1, 2009 through June 30", "id": "8351594" }, { "contents": "Chiang Pin-kung\n\n\nlinks and economic development. On 14 March 2007, Chiang became acting chairman of the KMT after Wu Po-hsiung, who had been acting chairman since Ma Ying-jeou's resignation earlier in the year, resigned the acting chairmanship so that he could run for chairman in the upcoming party election. Following the Kuomintang's landslide win in the presidential election in 2008, Chiang was designated as chairman of the Straits Exchange Foundation, the semi-official body responsible for negotiation on non-political matters with the People's Republic of", "id": "7748170" }, { "contents": "Romeo A. Brawner\n\n\nRomeo Aliac Brawner (September 17, 1935 – May 29, 2008) was a Filipino public official who served as a Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Elections (COMELEC) from 2005 until his death from a heart attack in May 2008. From February to March 2008, he served as the Acting Chairman of the COMELEC, by virtue of his being the most senior Commissioner on the Commission, replacing Resurreccion Borra on the February 2, 2008 after the latter had retired. Brawner earned his law degree from the University of the", "id": "20301509" }, { "contents": "Pedro Concepcion\n\n\nPedro Concepción was a Filipino lawyer and was the first chairman of the Philippine election commission, the COMELEC. On August 22, 1940, the National Assembly moved for the passage of Commonwealth Act No. 607, a law was already under study seeking the amendment of the 1935 Constitution to clothe the Commission with “constitutional” status. Thus was born the first COMELEC with lawyer Pedro Concepcion as the first chairman and José Abreu and Rufino Luna as members. There were only 39 employees then – a number that would expand to some", "id": "19286349" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\n. On January 31, 1986 Commissioners Ruben C. Agpalo and Jaime Layosa were appointed to finally complete the required membership of nine. After the tumultuous February 7, 1986 snap elections and the People Power Revolution, Chairman Savellano and all the Commissioners of the tendered their courtesy resignations which, except those of Commissioners Bacungan and Felipe, were accepted by President Corazon C. Aquino. On April 11, 1986 Commissioner Felipe was appointed Acting Chairman. On July 23, 1986 he took his oath of office as permanent Chairman, together with Commissioners Leopoldo", "id": "4060968" }, { "contents": "James Henry Quello\n\n\nJames Henry Quello (April 21, 1914 – January 24, 2010) was a broadcaster and later government official who oversaw the communications industry. Quello was born in Laurium, Michigan. He was a Commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and, in 1993, from February 5 to November 28, served as the acting chairman of the commission. His term as acting chairman ended when Reed Hundt was confirmed by the U.S. Senate. He stepped down as an FCC commissioner in 1998. Quello was a Democrat who was", "id": "18314493" }, { "contents": "Barry Smitherman\n\n\nBarry Thomas Smitherman (born September 13, 1957) is a lawyer who served as a member and chairman of the Texas Railroad Commission from 2011 to 2015. A Republican, he was appointed to the commission on July 8, 2011 by then Governor Rick Perry to fill a vacant post; on February 28, 2012 he was elected chairman of the commission, which regulates not railroads but the Texas oil and gas industry. In 2013, Smitherman announced his candidacy to succeed Greg Abbott as state attorney general in the Republican primary election", "id": "17389288" }, { "contents": "Lee County, Alabama\n\n\nadministration of decedent's estates and probate matters; maintenance of real and personal property title records; construction and maintenance of public roads and bridges; and maintenance of the county courthouse, which provides office space for various county officials and departments. Lee County is governed by a six-member County Commission, composed of a Chairman and five Commissioners. The Probate Judge, who serves as Chairman of the County Commission, is elected countywide for a six-year term. The other five members of the County Commission are elected from single", "id": "3053077" }, { "contents": "Khan Bahadur Hasem Ali Khan\n\n\nSorupkhathi, Pirozpur, Nazirpur region of Barisal Mahkuma. In 1936, Hasem Ali Khan contested in Barisal District Board Election under banner of Krishok-Proja Sommitte. Later on, he became the chairman of Barisal District Board by defeating Khan Bahdur Hemaet Uddin. He acted as Chairman of Barisal District Board until 1942. In general election held in 1937, Hasem Ali Khan was elected for the second time in Bengal legislature. After being elected as member of legislature, he became member of Floud Commission to remove land lordship tradition from Bengal", "id": "19506513" }, { "contents": "National Defence Commission\n\n\nof North Korea from 2009 until 2012. The chairman of the National Defence Commission also served as the supreme commander of the Korean People's Army. From 1972 until 1992, the President was the ex officio chairman of the National Defence Commission. Since 1992, the chairman of the National Defence Commission was no longer required to be the President and was elected by the Supreme People's Assembly. The first vice chairman, the vice chairmen and the members of the National Defence Commission were elected by the Supreme People's Assembly based on", "id": "4415347" }, { "contents": "Julius B. Ness\n\n\nHeart medals. Ness went back to work with Senator Kearse, and the firm later became known as Kearse and Ness. Ness married Katherine Rhoad in January 1946. He was heavily involved in Bamberg County community activities, and in 1954, he was elected to represent the Second Judicial Circuit, on the South Carolina Highway Commission. He stayed on the commission and acted as Chairman in 1956. That same year, when Senator Kearse retired from the South Carolina Senate, Ness was elected, in an unopposed election, and he served", "id": "17401957" }, { "contents": "Florida Public Service Commission\n\n\nnatural resource conservation, energy, public affairs, and law. A Commissioner is appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. Commissioners serve terms of four years. Prior to 1979, three Commissioners were elected in a statewide election. The 1978 Legislature changed the Commission to a five-member appointed board. The Chairman is the chief administrative officer of the Commission, presiding at all hearings and conferences when present, setting Commission hearings, and performing those duties prescribed by law. The Chairman is elected by the Commission. Chairman", "id": "21100089" }, { "contents": "International Law Commission\n\n\n1st session of the commission was held in Lake Success, New York, US, from April 12 to June 9, 1949. The agenda for the session consisted of 6 items: At the very first meeting, US commission member Manley O. Hudson was elected chairman of the commission for the duration of that session, while the Soviet member Vladimir Koretsky was elected first vice-chairman and Indian member Benegal Rau was elected second vice-chairman. During that session, disagreement arose between the members as to whether the commission was entitled", "id": "9524054" }, { "contents": "Georgian National Communications Commission\n\n\nthe President of Georgia (with the approval of the Government of Georgia). The Chairman of the Commission is elected for the period of 3 years by the majority of staff by the Commission itself for one term only. Since May 19, 2017 Chairmen of the Commission is Kakhi Bekauri. Members of the Commission are Vakhtang Abashidze, Eliso Asanidze, Giorgi Pruidze and Merab Katamadze. Together with the Commission acts Public Defenders office of Consumers interests’ protection. On 2014, Tamta Tepnadze was appointed as public defender of consumer's rights", "id": "796177" }, { "contents": "Jack Evans (Washington, D.C. politician)\n\n\na law degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law in 1978. He began practicing law in Washington, D.C. at the Securities and Exchange Commission in the Division of Enforcement. Evans was elected to the D.C. Council in 1991 in a special election to replace John A. Wilson, who had run for council chairman and won. He was sworn in on May 13, 1991. He had previously served as a member of Advisory Neighborhood Commission 2B in Dupont Circle. Evans was elected to serve as chairman of the ANC from 1989", "id": "19466166" }, { "contents": "Commission on Appointments\n\n\nthe Senate President, the \"ex officio\" Chairman, twelve Senators and twelve members of the House of Representatives. Members from each House of Congress are elected based on proportional representation from the political parties and parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented. The Chairman of the Commission shall vote only in case of a tie. It shall act on all appointments submitted within thirty session days of Congress. It shall be governed by a majority vote of all members. A president can either make a nomination or an", "id": "20694959" }, { "contents": "Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas\n\n\nAct, adopting a Constitution and By-Laws, which established procedures for election of the Kickapoo Tribal Council. The Constitution, ratified on January 23, 1937 (by a 70-8 vote), provided for a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer, and three Councilmen. On August 13, 1946 the Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946, Pub. L. No. 79-726, ch. 959, passed. Its purpose was to settle for all time any outstanding grievances or claims the tribes might", "id": "977814" }, { "contents": "Guyana Elections Commission\n\n\nin the National Assembly. The Chairman of this Elections Commission had to be a person who at the time was holding or had held office as a Judge of a Court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in some part of the Commonwealth or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from any such court or who is qualified to be appointed as any such Judge. This Commission had a temporary life in that a member had to vacate office within three months of the date of the election for which he/she was appointed to", "id": "8830582" }, { "contents": "Jean Monestime\n\n\nDade County Commission unanimously elected him as the body's chairman for a two-year term. Monestime, who began his term as commission chairman on January 1, 2015, became the first Haitian American to chair to the County Commission. He succeeded outgoing Chairwoman Rebeca Sosa, who remained a member of the County Commission. The commissioners are officially nonpartisan, although Monestime is a member of the Democratic Party. Monestime emigrated from Haiti to the United States by himself when he was 17 years old. He didn't speak English until", "id": "2290587" }, { "contents": "Soviet of Nationalities\n\n\nelections ever held in the Soviet Union–the Soviet of Nationalities acquired a much greater role, and was the scene of many lively debates. The Soviet of Nationalities elected a chairman (who would lead the sessions of the chamber), his four deputies, and permanent commissions: Mandate Commission, Commission on Legislative Suppositions, Budget Planning Commission, Foreign Affairs Commission, Youth Affairs Commission, Industry Commission, Transportation and Communications Commission, Construction and Industry of Building Materials Commission, Agricultural Commission, Consumer Goods Commission, Public Education Commission,", "id": "21018059" }, { "contents": "Robert H. Tourtelot\n\n\nRobert Tourtelot is a Los Angeles lawyer and former chairman of the California Horse Racing Board, the commission that regulates the California horse racing industry. Tourtelot was first appointed to the CHRB by the Governor of California in October 1993, and was reappointed to the Board by Governor Pete Wilson in July 2001. He became acting Chairman of the Board when former Chairman George Nicholaw’s term on the Board expired in February 2000, and was unanimously elected CHRB Board Chairman in March 2000. Tourtelot is a graduate of University of California, Hastings", "id": "7734242" }, { "contents": "Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planning (Nigeria)\n\n\nThe Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planning is one of the Federal Ministries of Nigeria. It was originally set up by Decree No 12 of 1992 as the \"National Planning Commission\" and later amended by Act 71 of 1993. The core responsibility of the commission is the formulation of medium term and long term economic and development plans for the nation. The National Planning Commission is headed by the Minister of National Planning, who is also the Deputy Chairman of the National Planning Commission. The Chairman of the Commission is the Vice", "id": "6239116" }, { "contents": "Ben Musa\n\n\nended, Musa was elected chairman of the joint legislative Emergency Board. The board provided legislative oversight for state government operation while the legislature was out of session. At that time, the President of the Senate served as acting governor whenever the elected governor was out of the state. During 1963, Republican Governor Mark Hatfield was out of the state a total of 65 days and Musa served as acting governor. Musa created a controversy when, as acting governor, he appointed a Democrat from his district to the state Public Welfare Commission", "id": "11217709" }, { "contents": "Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission\n\n\nin voting divisions. There are currently 31 electoral divisions in Belize. The EBC has a chairman and four other persons on its board. The Chairman and two members are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister after consultation with the leader of the Opposition; the remaining members are appointed similarly, with the concurrence of the Leader of the Opposition. According to the Belize Constitution, the EBC delegates its responsibilities to the Chief Elections Officer, who is not a member of the commission, and is officially in", "id": "14981147" }, { "contents": "New South Wales Crime Commission\n\n\nestablished under the name State Drug Crime Commission by the State Drug Crime Commission Act 1985, the Bill for which was introduced by then state premier, Neville Wran after a period of seminal Royal Commissions, including the Woodward Royal Commission (1977–1979) and the Costigan Royal Commission (1980–1984) into drug trafficking, organised crime and tax evasion. The Commission was originally constituted by a Chairman and two other members. The first chairman of the State Drug Crime Commission (SDCC) was Judge John Lloyd-Jones, who was replaced after", "id": "21053573" }, { "contents": "Union Public Service Commission\n\n\nit. UPSC is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary and lately the Election Commission. As per \"Art. 316\", the Chairman and other members of Union Public Service Commission shall be appointed by the President. In case the office of the Chairman becomes vacant his duties shall be performed by one of the other members of the Commission as the President may appoint for the purpose. Also, nearly half of the members of the Commission shall be persons who", "id": "6402834" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\nMandaluyong City mayor Benjamin S. Abalos, Sr. to replace Benipayo. On January 26, 2008, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo appointed former Supreme Court Associate Justice Jose Melo, 77, to replace Chair Abalos. The United Opposition (Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino) opposed Melo's appointment. But Melo needs to be confirmed by the Commission on Appointments (CA), so Commissioner Romeo A. Brawner was appointed ad interim Acting Chairman on February 2, 2008 and will stay as Chairman until Melo is confirmed by the CA. On March 25", "id": "4060972" }, { "contents": "Bradley County, Tennessee\n\n\nwith two commissioners from each of seven districts. The commission is headed by a chairman and vice chairman, who are chosen by fellow commissioners. The current chairman is Johnny Mull from District 3 and the vice chairman is Jeff Yarber from District 5. Each district is also assigned a constable, also elected. The county executive (or \"county mayor\") separately elected, is Republican D. Gary Davis. Other elected officials include county clerk, circuit and criminal court clerk, register of deeds, assessor of property, trustee,", "id": "8682769" }, { "contents": "Uche Secondus\n\n\nG.84. In 2007, Secondus was the South-South Coordinator for the PDP National Campaign Council that organized the campaigns for the party during that year's general elections. In 2008, at the People's Democratic Party Convention, he gained further promotion to National Organizing Secretary, holding office until 2012. Secondus is the pioneer Chairman of the Governing Board of the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC). On 1 September 2013, he was elected Deputy National Chairman of the People's Democratic Party. He also briefly served as acting", "id": "9104176" }, { "contents": "Nathan Quao\n\n\nTawia Quao (née Mettle) with two children. Quao was the maternal uncle of the Ghanaian economist and diplomat, Amon Nikoi, who was the Governor of the Bank of Ghana from 1973 to 1977 and Finance minister from 1979 to 1981. In addition, Quao's cousin was the Ghanaian barrister and judge, Nii Amaa Ollennu who was elected the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Second Republic as well as serving as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission and acting President of Ghana from 7 August 1970 to 31 August 1970", "id": "9299323" }, { "contents": "Verkhovna Rada\n\n\nwho asks the members of parliament to rise and reads the oath out-loud. Every member of parliament signs a copy of the oath that is held in the archives of the Verkhovna Rada. The plenary meetings of the first session review the following matters: formation of the provisional presidium of the first session, establishment and registration of the factions, the situation concerning legislation pending before parliament with the Chairman of the previous convocation, election of the Counting Commission, election of the Chairman, election of the Chairman's deputies, hearing", "id": "11295306" }, { "contents": "2008 Zimbabwean general election\n\n\n4 May, the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace said that the Electoral Commission could not be relied upon to handle the second round, and it called on the UN and the AU to supervise it instead. Meanwhile, the Progressive Teachers Union alleged that violence was being directed at teachers because they often served as election officers, with the intent of deterring them from acting in that role in the second round, and threatened a strike. Jean Ping, the Chairman of the African Union Commission, arrived in Harare late on 4", "id": "1114330" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act\n\n\nThe Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act was proposed (as a bill) again in 2017 by Chris Smith, who is the chairman of Congressional-Executive Commission on China, and Marco Rubio, the co-chairman of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China. The stated purpose of this bill, if become law, will be \"to renew the historical commitment of the United States to uphold freedom and democracy in Hong Kong at a time when its autonomy is increasingly under assault.\" The proposed legislation will also \"", "id": "4531293" }, { "contents": "Railroad Commission of Texas\n\n\nin 1894 established the commissioners as elected officials who serve overlapping six-year terms, like the sequence in the U.S. Senate. No specific seat is designated as chairman; the commissioners choose the chairman from among themselves. Normally the commissioner who faces reelection is the chairman for the preceding two years. The current commissioners are Christi Craddick since December 17, 2012, Ryan Sitton since January 5, 2015, and Wayne Christian since January 9, 2017. Attempts to establish a railroad commission in Texas began in 1876. After five legislative", "id": "21701614" }, { "contents": "Bar Council of India\n\n\nwho are \"ex officio\" members. The members from the state bar councils are elected for a period of five years. The council elects its own Chairman and Vice-Chairman for a period of two years from amongst its members. Assisted by the various committees of the Council, the chairman acts as the chief executive and director of the Council. Manan Kumar Mishra is the present Chairman. He was preceded by Biri Singh Sinsinewar, who was in turn preceded by the current Chairman, Manan Kumar Mishra. Eligible persons having", "id": "3593274" }, { "contents": "Yu Guoxing\n\n\n, secretary-general of CPC Shaoxing committee, and vice mayor of Shaoxing. He later became vice Party chief of Shaoxing and secretary of Political and Legislative Affairs Commission of Shaoxing. He was then transferred to Huzhou and became the Party chief in that city and chairman of local People's Congress. Yu was appointed as director of Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Public Security, and later, vice chairman of Zhejiang People's Congress. On May 25, 2007, Yu was elected as the acting chairman of Zhejiang People's Congress after the", "id": "11500847" }, { "contents": "Motoo Hayashi\n\n\nCompetitiveness, Minister in charge of the Response to the Economic Impact caused by the Nuclear Accident, Minister of State for the Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation. Hayashi also served as Chairman of the Committee on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Diet, Minister of State, Chairman of National Public Safety Commission (Aso Cabinet), and Acting Chairman, Election Strategy Committee. Hayashi is affiliated to the openly revisionist lobby Nippon Kaigi, and a member of the following right-wing Diet groups: Hayashi gave the following", "id": "17599299" }, { "contents": "Clark County, Nevada\n\n\nera of massive modern casino resorts began with the opening of the Mirage in November 1989. The State of Nevada divides the state into several gaming districts. The reporting districts affecting Clark County are: The Clark County Commission consists of seven members who are elected to serve staggered four-year terms in biannual partisan elections. The commission members elect a chairman, who chairs their meetings. A hired county manager handles day-to-day operations under direction of the commission. The county's unincorporated towns also have appointed boards that provide", "id": "4484180" }, { "contents": "National Commission for Civic Education\n\n\nbe a Ghanaian who possesses all the characteristics that qualifies one to be elected as a Member of Parliament and must also be a non executive in any political party. The members of the National Commission for Civic Education have varying rights depending on their status. The Chairman of the Commission is ranked on the same level with same terms and condition of service as a Justice of the Court of Appeal. The first Deputy Chairman of the Commission has the same rank of terms and condition of service as a Justice of the Court of Appeal", "id": "9517619" }, { "contents": "Maurice Iwu\n\n\n2008 Abubakar Rimi called on Maurice Iwu, to resign from office, citing irregularities in the previous presidential election. Michael Aondoakaa, the Attorney General, opposed sacking Maurice Iwu despite criticism of Iwu's conduct of the 2007 elections. In March 2009 the Vice-Chairman of Senate Committee on the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Maina Maaji Lawan spoke against a motion that questioned the integrity of INEC Chairman Maurice Iwu. Iwu's tenure was due to expire on 13 June 2010. However, on 28 April 2010 Acting President Goodluck", "id": "9380681" }, { "contents": "Abang Muhammad Salahuddin\n\n\nacted as representative of the Melanau community to the Cobbold Commission during the years preceding the formation of Malaysia. In 1963, he contested and won a seat in the state elections. However, he resigned in 1968 and returned to public service. He eventually became Chairman of the State Public Service Commission. In 1977, he was installed as the third Governor of Sarawak and served for a term of four years. In 2000, he became Acting Governor while the Governor Ahmad Zaidi Adruce was ill. Zaidi Adruce died in December 2000", "id": "3454150" }, { "contents": "Jewish Agency for Israel\n\n\nSokolow, who had been elected to succeed Weizmann, remained in his position. Arthur Ruppin succeeded Sokolow as Chairman of the Jewish Agency in 1933 and David Ben-Gurion and Moshe Shertok joined the executive. In 1935, Ben-Gurion was elected Chairman of the Agency to succeed Ruppin. In 1937 The Peel Commission published its report into the disturbances of the year before. For the first time, partition and the setting up of a Jewish State was recommended. The 1937 Zionist Congress rejected the Commission's conclusions, a majority", "id": "10954164" }, { "contents": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission\n\n\ncommissioners may belong to the same party. Thus, the president is generally expected to consult with members of the opposite party in the Senate to select members of the commission from the opposite party. The commissioners (including the chairman) vote on selecting the vice chairman, who becomes acting chairman if the chairman’s term ends upon resignation or expiration. The CPSC regulates the manufacture and sale of more than 15,000 different consumer products, from cribs to all-terrain vehicles. Products excluded from the CPSC's jurisdiction include those specifically named", "id": "970553" }, { "contents": "National Electoral Commission (Poland)\n\n\nno cadency of PKW - membership in Commission expires at 70. The head of court which the member of PKW is nominated for, can recall him on a requested reason. The PKW is the supreme electoral commission in Poland. It has one chairman and two vice chairmans. PKW organises all elections in Poland: The PKW appoints \"Okręgowe Komisje Wyborcze\" (OKW) (District Electoral Commissions) in elections of President, Sejm and Senat and European Parliament elections. In contrast to PKW, OKW are temporary. In local elections", "id": "3587140" }, { "contents": "Marcelo Fernan\n\n\nRA 8557 of the Philippine Judicial Academy, RA 8525 or the Adopt-a-School Act of 1997 and RA 8558 or the Underground Mine Workers Act. He also sponsored RA 8247 or the Alien Social Integration Act of 1995. RA 8282 or the Social Security Act of 1997, and RA 8369 or the Family Courts Acts of 1997. Fernan was elected Senate President, the top post of leadership in the Senate, and concurrently, the Chairman of the Commission on Appointments, a congressional body tasked to scrutinize and confirm presidential", "id": "16968259" }, { "contents": "Paul Miller (journalist)\n\n\nyear, its members elected Miller chairman of the Temporary Commission on the Celebration of the Centennial of the Morrill Land-Grant Act. 1962 began with a luncheon invitation to the White House from President John F. Kennedy. In February, the National Conference of Christians and Jews renamed Miller chairman of the National Brotherhood Week Press Committee for another year. In June, he departed for a 23-day tour of Russia that featured an interview with the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Chairman of", "id": "19206548" }, { "contents": "Józef Michalik\n\n\nGeneral and President of the Commission for the Pastoral Care of the Laity. Is chairman of the CEP for Polonia and Poles Abroad. In 1999, he was deputy chairman of the Polish Episcopal Conference. March 18, 2004 elected chairman of the Polish Episcopal Conference, re-elected for a second term March 10, 2009. In 1994, he was elected chairman of the Commission for the Laity in the Council of European Episcopal Conferences (CCEE). September 30, 2011 at the plenary meeting of the Council of Episcopal Conferences", "id": "17817983" }, { "contents": "Government of Chelsea, Massachusetts\n\n\nsubject to reelection by the voters of Chelsea. In 1911, elections were held for the board of aldermen and mayor. However, the Board of Control remained as a supervisory board. In 1912, the board was dissolved as a result of a referendum. Acting Governor Draper appointed William E. McClintock, a civil engineer and former chairman of the Massachusetts Highway Commission and City Engineer of Chelsea, Mark Wilmarth, a civil engineer from Malden, Massachusetts, Alton C. Ratschesky, a financier from Boston and Beverly, Massachusetts who was president", "id": "14497236" }, { "contents": "Barry Williamson\n\n\nis deceased. Williamson did not seek a second term on the Railroad Commission in 1998, but he instead ran unsuccessfully in the Republican primary for Texas attorney general. He lost a runoff election to John Cornyn. A third candidate eliminated in the primary was Tom Pauken, the former state party chairman. Cornyn then defeated the Democratic former attorney general Jim Mattox in the 1998 general election. In 2010, Williamson served as campaign chairman for Republican Railroad Commission nominee David J. Porter, a Certified Public Accountant from Midland and Giddings, who", "id": "2583545" }, { "contents": "Azem Hajdari\n\n\n-Chairman of the Democratic Party and a member of its steering committee. In the four free elections after the collapse of communism, Hajdari has been elected a Member of Parliament. Hajdari served as Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on the Public Order and the National Intelligence Service from 1992–1996. In 1996 he was the Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on the Public Order and the National Intelligence Service, and is November 1996 became President of the United Independent Albanian Trade Unions. In June 1997 he became the Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission of", "id": "16026742" }, { "contents": "Election Commission of Pakistan\n\n\n5-member panel, out of which 4 members are from each of the four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) headed by a Chief Election Commissioner. The Commission transacts its business by holding meetings. All members of the Election Commission have equal status and say in the decisions of the Commission. The newly passed Elections Act 2017 from National Assembly dated 2nd October, 2017 has now been enacted and General Elections 2018 was performed under this Act successfully. ECPs bureaucracy is headed by Federal Secretary ECP (BS-22)officer who manages", "id": "563125" }, { "contents": "Kaipo Asing\n\n\n, Gary Heu, served as acting mayor until the Kauai County Council could choose an acting successor and hold a special election to permanently fill the mayoralship. 0n July 7, 2008, the Kauai County Council unanimously choose Kaipo Asing, who was council chairman at the time, to become acting mayor of Kauai until a special election in November 2008. Asing temporarily stepped down as council chairman before taking office as mayor. Asing was sworn in as acting mayor of Kauai on July 17, 2008, in the rotunda of the Moikeha", "id": "21064542" }, { "contents": "Modernization of the People's Liberation Army\n\n\nMilitary Commission, elected by the party Central Committee, exercised de facto, authoritative policy-making and operational control over the military. In addition to the chairman, the party Central Military Commission in 1987 included a permanent vice chairman who was concurrently secretary general, two vice chairmen, and four deputy secretaries general. The leadership of the state and party Central Military Commissions was identical, but the membership of the party Central Military Commission below the top leadership was thought to include regional commanders and service chiefs. Beneath the two Central Military", "id": "10550835" }, { "contents": "Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks\n\n\nthe appointments come from each congressional district and the fifth appointment comes from the state at-large. The 5-member commission elects one of them to be chairman and one of them to be vice-chairman. The chairman oversees meetings of the commission and the vice-chairman oversees meetings of the commission when the chairman is absent. The commission establishes and removes regulations and ordinances as they related to the department. The commission also carries out other duties, responsibilities and powers as they are instructed by government order such as by law or", "id": "14730551" }, { "contents": "International Socialist Commission\n\n\nThe International Socialist Commission, also known as the International Socialist Committee or the Berne International was a coordinating committee of socialists parties that adhered to the idea of the Zimmerwald Conference of 1915. The Zimmerwald Conference elected Angelica Balabanoff, Odino Morgari and Charles Naine to the Commission, with the Swiss socialist Robert Grimm as chairman and Balabanoff as interpreter. The Committee was charged with setting up a temporary secretariat and publishing a bulletin. The ISCs initial purpose was to act as an intermediary between the affiliated groups in their struggle for peace. It", "id": "12809967" }, { "contents": "Hawkins County, Tennessee\n\n\n\" member of the County Commission and of all its committees, and may be elected chairman of the county legislative body (a post that the County Mayor is not required to seek or accept). The County Mayor may call special meetings of the County Commission. Unless an optional general law or private act provides otherwise, the County Mayor compiles a budget for all county departments, offices, and agencies, which is presented to the County Commission. The current Mayor of Hawkins County is Melville Bailey (R-Rogersville).", "id": "8621595" }, { "contents": "Judson C. Clements\n\n\n1891. On March 6, 1892, Clements was appointed by President Harrison to the Interstate Commerce Commission, filling the unexpired term of Commissioner Walter L. Bragg of Alabama, who had died. After being confirmed by the Senate, Clements was sworn in on March 17, 1892. On December 12, 1910, with the resignation of longtime Commission chair Martin A. Knapp, he became acting chairman of the Committee, and in 1911 became chairman of the Commission for a one-year term. In addition to being appointed by President", "id": "5624834" }, { "contents": "Bagatur\n\n\nof Wuhai from December 1994 to February 1998. During this time, he obtained a master's degree in political economics from Fudan University. He was the Secretary of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's party Discipline Inspection Commission from December 1999 to April 2008, and beginning in December 2001 was named deputy secretary of the CPC Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee. Bagatur was appointed acting chairman and vice chairman of the regional government on April 3, 2008. He was elected chairman on January 12, 2009. Bagatur was an alternate member of", "id": "4505618" }, { "contents": "Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation\n\n\nThe Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation () is the superior power body responsible for conducting federal elections and overseeing local elections in the Russian Federation founded in September 1993. It consists of 15 members. The President of Russia, State Duma and Federation Council of Russia each appoint five members. In turn, these members elect the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and Secretary. The Commission is in power for a four-year term. On 30 January 2007, amendments to the Russian election legislation, which would allow people without higher", "id": "15187033" }, { "contents": "Commission on Elections (Philippines)\n\n\nchief of the National Economic Development Authority (Neda), accused Abalos of attempting to bribe him. The Commission proper is the policy-making body composed of the Chairman and six Commissioners who must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines; at least thirty-five years of age at the time of their appointment; holders of a college degree, with a majority of them, including the Chairman, members of the Philippine Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten years; and must not", "id": "4060977" }, { "contents": "Elections in Pakistan\n\n\nThe Election Commission is constituted with comprising the Chief Election Commissioner as its chairman (who is a judge or/ retired judge of the Supreme Court) and four appointed members from each four provinces, each of whom is a judge of four High Courts of the four provinces; all appointed by the President by constitution. After approving the consultations from the chief justices of high courts of four provinces and the chief election commissioner, the President constitutionally approved the appointments of the designated members of the election commission. The chief election commissioner is appointed", "id": "4126075" }, { "contents": "Carl Henry Clerk\n\n\nOllennu (1906 – 1986) who was elected the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Second Republic as well as serving as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission and acting President of Ghana from 7 August 1970 to 31 August 1970. Carl Clerk had six children with Martha Quao: Nicholas, George, Arnold, Anna (Mrs. Sai), Alexander Worthy (died in infancy) and Henry Clerk's children went on to forge careers in a academia, public service and broadcast journalism. Clerk died of pneumonia on 28 May", "id": "1610264" }, { "contents": "Nicholas T. Clerk\n\n\nNovember 1957. Maternally, Clerk’s uncle was the barrister and judge, Nii Amaa Ollennu (1906 – 1986), elected the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Second Republic as well as serving as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission and acting President of Ghana from 7 August 1970 to 31 August 1970. His other maternal uncle was Nathan Quao (1915 – 2005), a diplomat, educationist and public servant who became a presidential advisor to the governments of several Heads of State of Ghana. In addition, his", "id": "9299420" }, { "contents": "Tam Yiu-chung\n\n\nthe DAB's disastrous performance, the party chairman Tsang Yok-sing resigned from his office and succeeded by Ma Lik. He was re-elected to become the vice-chairman for the second time. In 2007, after being acting chairman for the preceding three weeks, he succeeded Ma Lik who died of cancer to become the party chairman. Under his chairmanship, the DAB received electoral victories in the 2007 and 2011 District Council elections. In the 2012 Legislative Council election, he led the party to achieve the greatest victory", "id": "12612577" }, { "contents": "Jay Clayton (attorney)\n\n\nregulations which have stifled investment in American businesses, and restore oversight of the financial industry in a way that does not harm American workers.\" Upon Clayton's swearing-in, the SEC Commission consisted of Clayton; Michael Piwowar, who was serving as acting Chairman; and Kara Stein. Subsequently, Hester Peirce and Robert J. Jackson Jr. joined the Commission. In 2018, Piwowar and Stein stepped down, and Elad Roisman and Allison Lee joined the Commission in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Chairman Clayton's initial agenda focused on the", "id": "7726109" }, { "contents": "Fred Ryan\n\n\n. President Obama appointed him to the bipartisan Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission created by an act of Congress. Ryan was elected Chairman of the Commission by the United States Senators and Members of Congress that served on the Commission with him. Events were held across the country and in major European Capitals celebrating the impact of Reagan policies in promoting freedom and democracy. In the years following the Reagan Administration, Ryan was very close to Nancy Reagan and is said to have advised her on important matters. In May 2013, he was Nancy Reagan", "id": "11737433" }, { "contents": "District of Columbia home rule\n\n\nTurner, Polly Shackleton, and Joseph P. Yeldell. On December 24, 1973, Congress enacted the District of Columbia Home Rule Act, providing for an elected mayor and the 13-member Council of the District of Columbia. Each of the city's eight wards elects a single member of the council and five members, including the chairman, are elected at large. There are 37 Advisory Neighborhood Commissions (ANCs) elected by small neighborhood districts. ANCs traditionally wield a great deal of influence and the city government routinely takes their suggestions into", "id": "7357537" }, { "contents": "Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission\n\n\n, and Robert A. Rapaport currently serve as Commissioners. The Commissioners elect a Chairman for a term of three years. Mr. Newman is currently the Chairman and Evelyn McGill is the Executive Director. The Commission is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, but has offices and hearing locations at various places around the state. The Commission is also directed by statute to administer two other programs. One is the Criminal Injuries Compensation Fund, which assists crime victims. The other is the Birth-Related Neurological Injury Program, which assists children who sustained", "id": "2376336" }, { "contents": "National Defence Commission\n\n\nthe proposal of the President from 1972 until 1992, and by the chairman of the National Defence Commission from 1992 until 2012. In 2012, the position of chairman of the National Defence Commission was replaced by the First Chairman of the National Defence Commission following an amendment to the 1972 Constitution that enshrined Kim Jong-il as eternal chairman of the National Defence Commission after his death in 2011. The same amendment also mandated that the National Defence Commission also consisted of vice chairmen and members, which were elected by the Supreme People's", "id": "4415348" }, { "contents": "Kwadwo Afari-Gyan\n\n\nruling as a military junta, with the hope of returning the country to civilian rule. His job was to ensure that the November 1992 presidential election and the December 1992 parliamentary elections were free and fair. Jerry John Rawlings, the Chairman of the PNDC, who was also Head of State, stood and won the elections. With the coming into force of the Fourth Republican Constitution, a new Electoral Commission was set up and Afari-Gyan became its first substantive chairman. He has successfully supervised all the elections held under this", "id": "22027222" }, { "contents": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission\n\n\nand law enforcement agencies. In 1988 Executive Order 12631 established the President's Working Group on Financial Markets. The Working Group is chaired by the Secretary of the Treasury and includes the Chairman of the SEC, the Chairman of the Federal Reserve and the Chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. The goal of the Working Group is to enhance the integrity, efficiency, orderliness, and competitiveness of the financial markets while maintaining investor confidence. The Securities Act of 1933 was originally administered by the Federal Trade Commission. The Securities Exchange Act", "id": "10466252" } ]

[ { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\ncatchphrase - typically a long, exasperated use of the word \"God\", usually when making a realisation about the reasons behind one of Victor's mishaps. These are occasionally inadvertently aided by herself in some way, such as leaving the phone off the hook or giving permission to someone to enter the Meldrews' house when she isn't there. Jean Warboys (Doreen Mantle) – Mrs Warboys is a friend of Margaret (and a rather annoying one in Victor's eyes) who attached herself to the Meldrews, accompanying them", "id": "2648025" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nhowever this turned out to be their only appearances in the series and they were said to have emigrated by the penultimate episode which caused Nick Swainey to leap straight in with the offer for their old house. Series six saw the Trenches return as prominent characters, albeit living in a house some distance from the Meldrews. Despite appearing in five out of six series and three Christmas specials, neither of the Trenches ever share a scene with Mrs Warboys and Pippa only ever shares one scene with Nick Swainey (in the episode \"Who", "id": "2648035" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\ninclude: Victor, Margaret and Mrs Warboys stuck in a traffic jam; Victor and Margaret in bed suffering insomnia; Victor left alone in the house waiting to see if he has to take part in jury service; Victor and Margaret having a long wait in their solicitor's waiting room; and Victor and Margaret trying to cope during a power cut on the hottest night of the year. Despite Margaret's frequent exasperation with her husband's antics, the series shows that the couple have a deep affection for one another. This", "id": "2648012" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\ntake on a dog whose owner had just died. Victor spent time building a kennel in the garden and when Mrs Warboys arrives with the dog, she forgets to mention that the dog is stuffed - much to Victor and Margaret's consternation. On another occasion she won a competition where the prize was either to earn £500 or to have a life-size waxwork model made of herself, which had to be delivered to the Meldrews' house; she chose the waxwork. As it turned out, she hated it as", "id": "2648027" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nVictor had accidentally recorded on a dictaphone. He is not seen again, but keeps in touch with the Meldrews, as Victor is seen looking at some photographs Alfred had sent over in \"The Trial\". Cousin Wilfred (John Rutland) – Mrs. Warboys' cousin Wilfred, first appeared in an episode in the third season. In the final season the character returned, but the effects of a stroke had rendered him mute and forced him to \"speak\" with the aid of an electronic voice generator. His poor typing", "id": "2648042" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nat the most unwelcome times. A running joke is her beating Victor at board-games, including Trivial Pursuit and chess, while having a conversation with someone else. Doreen Mantle described her character as \"wanting to do the right thing but always finding out that it was the wrong thing\". Victor's annoyance with her is often demonstrated by shouting her name in an inpatient tone, being \"MRS WARBOYS!!\", sometimes repeatedly. Patrick Trench (Angus Deayton) – Patrick and his wife Pippa live next door", "id": "2648029" }, { "contents": "List of One Foot in the Grave episodes\n\n\nWarboys, played by Doreen Mantle, appeared in 18 episodes, with Nick Swainey, played by Owen Brenman appearing in 15 episodes and Patrick and Pippa Trench played by Angus Deayton and Janine Duvitski in 14. Ronnie (Gordon Peters) appears in three episodes. There were also two short specials (under ten minutes in length) for Comic Relief, one of which featured Richard Wilson (Victor Meldrew) alone, though it included at one point the voice of Paul Merton. The Comic Relief special in 2001 was set after Victor", "id": "15444164" }, { "contents": "Doreen Mantle\n\n\nDoreen Mantle (born 1926) is a South African-born English actress who is probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in \"One Foot in the Grave\" (1990–2000). She has appeared in many British television series from the 1960s to the present, such as \"The Duchess of Duke Street\", \"The Wild House\", \"Sam Saturday\", \"Chalk\", \"Casualty\", \"The Bill\", \"Doctors\", \"Holby City\" and \"Jonathan Creek\".", "id": "3775022" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nWarboys and next-door couple Patrick (Victor's nemesis) and Pippa Trench. Patrick often discovers Victor in inexplicably bizarre or compromising situations, leading him to believe that he is insane. The Meldrews' neighbour on the other side, overly cheery charity worker Nick Swainey, also adds to Victor's frustration. Although set in a traditional suburban setting, the show subverts this genre with a strong overtone of black comedy. Series One's \"The Valley of Fear\" is an episode which caused controversy, when Victor finds a", "id": "2648010" }, { "contents": "Enn Reitel\n\n\nwent to David Jason). He also played two roles in different episodes of long-running sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\". In the first Christmas special, he played \"Mr. Starkey\", a down and out who holds Victor Meldrew and his neighbour's father at gunpoint to wait for Armageddon on Christmas Day. In the second episode of series 3, \"Dreamland\", he played a tramp who took a fancy to Victor's shoes, but drew the line at his Noel Edmonds-esque sweater.", "id": "19805635" }, { "contents": "Rula Lenska\n\n\n\", \"One Foot in the Grave\", \"Casualty\", \"\", \"Return of the Saint\", \"Robin Of Sherwood\", the \"Doctor Who\" serial \"Resurrection of the Daleks\" (in the 1970s, Lenska made it to the final five actresses short-listed for the role of companion Jo Grant), \"Doctors\" and \"EastEnders\", in which she played Frank Butcher's girlfriend, Krystle, in a 2002 Costa del Sol special. She played Mrs. Peacock in series", "id": "1772623" }, { "contents": "Michael Fenton Stevens\n\n\n& Bird\". He has a recurring role in the sitcom \"My Family\" as Mr Griffith, the boss of the dental corporation \"Cavitex\". He also played Mr. Bean's neighbour in \"Mr. Bean in Room 426\". In 1995, he was reunited with his former Hee Bee Gee Bees bandmate and \"Radio Active\" and \"KYTV\" co-star Angus Deayton when he appeared in an episode of \"One Foot in the Grave\", playing the brother-in-law of Deayton's regular", "id": "20017114" }, { "contents": "Peter Corey\n\n\nfeaturing in dramas and soap operas. In \"Brookside\", he played \"Freddie Spence\" for two years. He also featured in \"EastEnders\" for six months playing \"Vic the Crusher\", who was an extortionist. Peter also played Mr. Prout in \"One Foot in the Grave\". His other roles include: Peter has also worked on camera with numerous comedians including Frank Skinner, Steve Coogan, Jack Dee and Richard Blackwood. Peter's \"Coping With Books\" have been transformed into a number of TV", "id": "3637113" }, { "contents": "Alan Warboys\n\n\nAlan Warboys (born 18 April 1949) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker. Warboys began his career at Doncaster Rovers, making his debut in April 1967 at the age of 17, before moving to Sheffield Wednesday in 1968. Following Wednesday's relegation in 1970, he joined Cardiff City for a fee of £42,000, as a replacement for John Toshack who had joined Liverpool. On his home debut for the club, Warboys scored twice against the team he had just left, Sheffield Wednesday and went", "id": "8443906" }, { "contents": "Hannah Gordon\n\n\n. She has appeared on television in \"Goodbye, Mr Kent\" (1982), \"Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense\" (1984), \"My Family and Other Animals\" (1987), \"Taggart\" (1993) and \"Jonathan Creek\" (1998). In 2000, Gordon played Glynis, the woman who kills Victor Meldrew in \"Things Aren't Simple Any More\", the final episode of the sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\". Since 2000, she has made guest appearances", "id": "7641399" }, { "contents": "Witches of Warboys\n\n\nThe Witches of Warboys were Alice Samuel and her family, who were accused of, and executed for witchcraft between 1589 and 1593 in the village of Warboys, in the fens of England. It was one of many witch trials in the early modern period, but scholar Barbara Rosen claims it \"attracted probably more notice than any other in the sixteenth century\". The trials of the witches occurred during the sixteenth century at Warboys in Huntingdonshire. The first allegations were made in November 1589 by Jane Throckmorton, the 10-year-old", "id": "9501274" }, { "contents": "Janet Henfrey\n\n\nLovejoy\"; \"One Foot in the Grave\"; \"My Uncle Silas\" and \"Simon and the Witch\". Henfrey also played a minor character in an episode of the 1996 series of \"The Famous Five\", \"Five Get into Trouble\" and Mistress Hecate Broomhead in two episodes of \"The Worst Witch\" (\"The Inspector Calls\" and \"Just Like Clockwork\"). She appeared in the 2002 adaption of the British miniseries \"Tipping The Velvet\" playing the character Mrs Jex, based on", "id": "3969387" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nold house, claiming he'd always wanted to live in an \"end house, without leaving the area\". This took Victor by surprise; he did not learn where Mr Swainey was moving to until, while reminiscing in the garden about his departure, Mr Swainey suddenly appeared from the other side. Ronnie and Mildred (Gordon Peters and Barbara Ashcroft) – Ronnie and Mildred were a constantly cheerful, but incredibly boring, couple who provided yet another annoyance to the Meldrews, who dreaded any upcoming visits to them; Victor", "id": "2648038" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nCambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Warboys is part of the electoral division of \"Warboys and Upwood\" and is represented on the county council by one councillor. At Westminster Warboys is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Warboys is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney", "id": "723715" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nhigh ground in the south-west part of the parish overlooking the fen to the north-east. It has grown up at the foot of a fork formed at the junction of the main road from St. Ives to Ramsey, with a branch road leading eastwards over Warboys Heath on to Fenton. The main road, as it passes through the village, is called Church Street, and the branch road is High Street. The church is at the south end of the village. There are three or four old cottages in", "id": "723707" }, { "contents": "Brian Murphy (actor)\n\n\nLucan, \"Lame Ducks\" (as a private investigator); \"The Bill\" (as a drunken tramp dressed as an elf at Christmas); comedy series \"Pond Life\", an animation series, as Len Pond, the father of protagonist Dolly Pond (Sarah Ann Kennedy), \"One Foot in the Grave\" starring Richard Wilson (playing a character called Mr Foskett);, \"Brookside\"; and as a shopkeeper called Stan in the pre-school children's TV series \"Wizadora\".", "id": "3228620" }, { "contents": "The Judas Tree (Jonathan Creek)\n\n\nSmith as his crime-solving partner Joey Ross and Stuart Milligan as his boss, magician Adam Klaus. Doreen Mantle guest-stars as Mrs Gantry, in a role created specially for her by Renwick, with whom she worked on his BBC comedy series \"One Foot in the Grave\". Paul McGann plays Hugo Dore, and Sasha Behar appears as his wife Harriet. Behar had auditioned for and been offered a role in the series before, but ultimately turned it down in favour of playing Maya Sharma in the ITV soap", "id": "144440" }, { "contents": "Alan Warboys\n\n\na lethal forward pairing with Bruce Bannister which would be much-celebrated, taking Rovers to promotion to the Second Division and earning the duo the nickname \"Smash and Grab\" in reference to Warboys' physical playing style and Bannisters ability to grab the resulting chances created by Warboys. He later played for Fulham and Hull City before returning to Doncaster Rovers. In his first season back at the club he was awarded the club's Player of the Year award before later moving into defence. Following an operation to remove a disc from", "id": "8443908" }, { "contents": "Simon Greenall\n\n\nBill\", \"Holby City\", \"Kiss Me Kate\", \"Harry Enfield and Chums\", \"Monkey Dust\", \"People Like Us\", \"Doc Martin\", \"W1A\", \"Time Gentlemen Please\", \"One Foot in the Grave\", \"Inspector George Gently\", \"Alas Smith and Jones\", as Mr Skinner in the 2006 \"Doctor Who\" episode \"Love & Monsters\", and as the voice of Mervin in the MTV puppet show \"Fur TV\"", "id": "20710020" }, { "contents": "Janine Duvitski\n\n\nchildren, Jack, Albert, Ruby, and Edith Bentall, with her actor husband Paul Bentall. Her youngest daughter Edith is the lead singer of the band FOURS. Duvitski's principal television credits include the series \"Waiting for God\" (1990–1994), \"One Foot in the Grave\" (1990–2000), and \"Benidorm\" (2007-2018). In the BBC's \"Vanity Fair\" she played Mrs Crawley. She has also appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank. She has also appeared in the", "id": "5385292" }, { "contents": "Warboys Town F.C.\n\n\nWarboys Town Football Club is an English football club based in Warboys, near Ramsey in Cambridgeshire. The club are currently members of the and play at Forge Way. The club were established in 1885 and initially played in local leagues before joining the Huntingdonshire League. In 1926 they moved up to the Peterborough & District League. In 1926–27 they won the Huntingdonshire Senior Cup, a feat repeated in 1928–29, 1931–32 and 1932–33. In 1946–47 the club finished bottom of the league and dropped back into the Huntingdonshire League. In 1950 they", "id": "11866839" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nin Warboys. A further Act was passed in 1798 to amend the previous Act as regards the lands allotted in lieu of tithes. A local landmark is the clock tower, built in 1887 to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria on the throne. Warboys is also famous for the trial of the so-called \"Witches of Warboys\". Much witch-related iconography can be found in the village, including part of the emblem of the local primary school. The village was one of two sites in Huntingdonshire included in", "id": "723709" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nOne Foot in the Grave is a British television sitcom written by David Renwick. There were six series and seven Christmas specials over a period of eleven years from early 1990 to late 2000. The first five series were broadcast between January 1990 and January 1995. For the next five years, the show appeared only as Christmas specials, followed by one final series in 2000. The series features the exploits of Victor Meldrew, played by Richard Wilson and his long-suffering wife, Margaret, played by Annette Crosbie. Wilson initially", "id": "2648006" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nand land were sold by 1964. As a civil parish, Warboys has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and", "id": "723711" }, { "contents": "Warchild (Lowachee novel)\n\n\nEvan D'Silva, one of his former friends on the Mukudori, who he rescues from a pirate ship. He discovers a connection between the Warboy's brother, Ash-dan, and Falcone's pirates, who have been trading weapons to the sympathizers in exchange for aid in hiding captured children. The novel ends with a face off between the \"Genghis Khan\" and the \"Macedon\". The \"Macedon\" encounters the \"Genghis Khan\" meeting with the Warboy's brother's ship, and is boarded by the pirates", "id": "15274258" }, { "contents": "Gabrielle Blunt\n\n\n\" and \"\" and \"The Thin Blue Line\". She appeared in an early episode of the popular BBC sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\" as Mrs Birkett, an elderly neighbour who accidentally gets trapped in the Meldrews' loft when Victor closes the trap door whilst she is up there looking for jumble that Margaret has prepared for her. She continues to be mentioned throughout the rest of the series, but is not seen again. When she was nearly 80, in 1998, Blunt toured the UK and Europe", "id": "12990677" }, { "contents": "Graceland Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)\n\n\nlotholder who visited Woodlawn Cemetery claimed that bodies were being interred at a rate of 12 a day there, with graves just apart (side by side and head to foot). Dr. Francis resigned as president of the Protective Association, and Mr. H.A. Davis was elected president. The lotholders adopted a constitution for their association, voted to sue the cemetery, and began raising funds for their lawsuit. The goal of the group was to construct a new cemetery, one ideally located and in a desirable area. The lotholders' lawsuit", "id": "18003550" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\n, Patrick is heard talking to her on the radio, seeking her advice on how to cope when Victor and Margaret invite him and Pippa around to dinner. Mrs Birkett (Gabrielle Blunt) An elderly neighbour. She accidentally gets trapped in the Meldrews' loft when Victor closes the trap door whilst she is up there looking for jumble that Margaret has prepared. She continues to be mentioned throughout the rest of the series, but is not seen again. Martin Trout (Peter Cook) - A paparazzo in \"One Foot in", "id": "2648045" }, { "contents": "David Battley\n\n\n), \"Mister Quilp\" (1975), \"S.O.S. Titanic\" (1979), \"The London Connection\" (1979) and \"Krull\" (1983). In 1990 he appeared in an early episode of \"One Foot in the Grave\". Among his last roles were a miniature golf course employee in the episode \"Tee Off, Mr. Bean\" (1995) of the comedy series \"Mr. Bean\" and a doctor examining new regimental recruits in \"Sharpe's Regiment\" (1996). Battley", "id": "20133046" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nthe resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value. Warboys was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Hurstingstone in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was again written as \"Wardebusc\" in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there was just one manor at Warboys; the annual rent paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had been £12 and the rent was the same in 1086.", "id": "723701" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\n(Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005. For the European Parliament Warboys is part of the East of England constituency which elects seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation. In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Warboys was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 943 (the lowest was in 1801) and 1996 (the highest was in 1851). From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the", "id": "723716" }, { "contents": "The Grinning Man\n\n\n\"People say, Oh \"Jonathan Creek\"'s coming back. Fantastic.' And then they watch it and go: 'God, what a mistake.' Which is what happened with \"One Foot in the Grave\". So I tend to expect the worst.\" Davies had suspected that Renwick would one day revive \"Jonathan Creek\", explaining that Jonathan's fate had been left open, unlike Renwick's other famous character - \"One Foot In The Grave\"'s Victor Meldrew, who was killed in", "id": "21922773" }, { "contents": "Warchild (Lowachee novel)\n\n\n. Jos and his unit are captured by the Khan and Jos is interrogated by Falcone. It is eventually revealed to his ship mates that he is spying for the Warboy. However, at that point, the Warboy, who had been tracking his brother, shows up with his ship, and his crew release Jos and the other prisoners and takes them to his ship. The Warboy's ship then helps the \"Macedon\" destroy the pirate ships, after which \"Macedon's\" Captain, Cairo Azarcon, arranges for the", "id": "15274259" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nexception of 1941 (due to the Second World War). In 2011, the parish covered an area of and the population density of Warboys in 2011 was 282. 6 persons per square mile (109. 1 per square kilometre). Warboys Youth Action is a charity established in 1993 and exists to promote the moral, physical and spiritual well being of those between 11 and 18 years of age who live in the parish. With a reputation as the provider of a youth club which was housed in part of the old", "id": "723717" }, { "contents": "RAF Warboys\n\n\nThe extension to the runway is still clearly visible, on Google Earth, as crop marks between the old and new roads. The station was allocated to No.3 Group in August 1942. RAF Warboys became one of the original Pathfinder Force stations. The construction of Warboys began in 1940. The airfield was built to relieve the congestion at RAF Upwood for the use of No. 17 Operational Training Unit (No. 17 OTU) with Bristol Blenheims. The completion of barbed wire around strategic areas, and three AA gun positions with", "id": "20762322" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nWarboys is a large village and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, north-east of Huntingdon. Warboys has a primary school along with a Spar and fish and chip shop for locals. Warboys is a large parish and village on what was the eastern side of Huntingdonshire bordering on Cambridgeshire. The place-name 'Warboys' is first attested in a Saxon charter of 974, where it appears as \"Wardebusc\" and \"Weardebusc\". The name is from the Old Norse \"vardi\" and \"", "id": "723699" }, { "contents": "Gazeka\n\n\nGazeka, which was the creation of the English comic actor, George Graves, who introduced it as a bit of by-play in the musical, \"The Little Michus\" at Daly's Theatre, London, in 1905. A contemporary magazine described it thus: \"According to Mr. Graves, the Gazeka was first discovered by an explorer who was accompanied in his travels by a case of whiskey, and who half thought that he had seen it before in a sort of dream.\" Graves's idea became a fad", "id": "16173972" }, { "contents": "List of The Munsters characters\n\n\nBackes). Dr. Dudley and his wife (Marilyn Lovell) have a son named Elmer Dudley (Peter Robbins) who becomes Eddie's playmate. Mr. Gateman (played by John Carradine) is the undertaker in charge of the Gateman, Goodbury, and Graves funeral home (while the name indicates three owners, the company appears to be a sole proprietorship) where Herman works. Mr. Gateman is one of the few \"ordinary\" humans not taken aback by the Munsters' appearance and habits (Mr. Gateman seems to be human", "id": "19724535" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave (album)\n\n\n, and had to be convinced to include it on \"One Foot in the Grave\". Beck would record other Carter Family songs during this time period, including \"The Storms Are On The Ocean\" (recorded as \"The World May Lose Its Motion\" and released on a 1994 Yoyo Recordings compilation). All songs written by Beck, except where noted. These bonus tracks are outtakes from the \"One Foot in the Grave\" sessions and were issued on the \"It's All In Your Mind\" 7\"", "id": "19679475" }, { "contents": "Sam Cree\n\n\nhe had 'one foot in the grate'. 'Don't you mean one foot in the grave?' she asked. 'No,' he said. 'One foot in the grate. I want to be cremated.' Following the failure of his promotions business, Cree suffered a period of illness. This, along with his wife's unexpected death led to Cree's own death in 1980 at the age of 52. Today Cree's plays are popular amongst Amateur Drama companies in Northern Ireland due to their", "id": "10776964" }, { "contents": "Witches of Warboys\n\n\ndaughter of Robert Throckmorton the Squire of Warboys when she started suffering from fits (see Initial Allegations below). She accused the 76-year-old Alice Samuel of being the cause; this was echoed by Jane's four sisters and some household servants who began exhibiting similar symptoms. When Alice Samuel was brought forward to the children, they became more ill and had the urge to scratch her. Robert Throckmorton was a close friend of Sir Henry Cromwell, one of the wealthiest commoners in England and the grandfather of Oliver Cromwell. In", "id": "9501275" }, { "contents": "Mr. Garrity and the Graves\n\n\n. Later that night, Garrity and his assistant Ace (who was both wagon driver \"and\" \"resurrectee\") ride away with the money, joking about how they cannot actually bring the dead back to life: they had simply performed a few smoke and mirrors tricks to con the townsfolk and used a dog that was alive the whole time, but simply knew how to play dead. After they have left the town, the last scene reveals that the dead really are rising from the grave, with one commenting", "id": "10794626" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave (album)\n\n\nOne Foot in the Grave is the third independent studio album and fourth overall by American alternative rock musician Beck, released in June 1994 on K Records, an independent label. It was recorded prior to the release of \"Mellow Gold\", but was not released until after that album had met critical and commercial success. \"One Foot in the Grave\" shows a strong lo-fi and folk influence, and features several songs that are interpolations or covers of songs popularized by artists like Skip James and The Carter Family.", "id": "19679471" }, { "contents": "Shake, Rattle & Roll IV\n\n\nroom and Mabu started creating something. Mr. Zerrudo breaks the door and starts attacking Jodie. But then Mabu shoots him with the invention he was making earlier. As Jodie and Mabu began celebrating, Mr. Zerrudo pulls Jodie's foot. Mabu successfully kills him. One by one the children who are playing at a neighborhood park are abducted by a Witawit, a monstrous looking creature who lives in the park's trees. Nikkie and Yaya Tising try to get to the bottom of the mystery and rescue the abducted children. The colorful", "id": "8113097" }, { "contents": "Julliberrie's Grave\n\n\ngrave of a giant was still present among the local population. Another tale recorded at the time was that the tumulus marked the burial place of one hundred horses and one hundred men who had been killed in battle but who could not be fitted into the graveyard of Chilham Church. Also in this period, a local man named Mr Read, who lived in the neighbouring mill, said that his father had forbidden him from climbing the mound, because it would be disrespectful to stand upon a grave. Julliberrie's Grave also appears", "id": "4810325" }, { "contents": "British comedy\n\n\nAbsolutely Fabulous\", \"The Vicar of Dibley\", \"The Mighty Boosh\", \"Father Ted\", \"Mr. Bean\", \"Blackadder\", \"One Foot in the Grave\", \"The Brittas Empire\", \"I'm Alan Partridge\", \" Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em\", \"Porridge\", \"The Thin Blue Line\", \"Spaced\", \"On the Buses\", \"A Fine Romance\", \"Auf Wiedersehen, Pet\", \"Girls On Top", "id": "7003717" }, { "contents": "Clive Mantle\n\n\n, Mantle had a small role as an electric meter reader in the \"One Foot in the Grave\" episode \"The Return of the Speckled Band\", and played Harry, a man who \"gave Clint Eastwood a pounding\" in \"White Hunter Black Heart\". In 1991, Mantle played an irate husband whose wife is chatted up by Richie (Rik Mayall) in the first episode of \"Bottom\", \"Smells\", and also had a role as a police inspector in an episode of \"Drop the", "id": "12840642" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nRelief Shorts from 1993 and 2001 have not been released on DVD. A One Foot in the Grave Very Best Of DVD featuring five of the greatest episodes was released on 22 October 2001 in Region 2. Then on 8 July 2004, a One Foot in the Grave Very Best Of was also released in Region 4. Each series was gradually released on DVD in Region 2 between 2004 and 2006, with a complete series 1-6 box set towards the end of 2006. A slimmer series 1-6 box set was", "id": "2648065" }, { "contents": "Mr Foote's Other Leg\n\n\nMr Foote's Other Leg is a 2015 stage adaptation of \"Mr Foote's Other Leg: Comedy, tragedy and murder in Georgian London\", a 2012 biography of the 18th-century actor Samuel Foote. Both the biography and the play were written by Ian Kelly. The play's prelude is an attempt to steal Foote's amputated leg from the Hunterian Collection, but the drama mainly covers the period from Foote's tutelage under Charles Macklin in the 1740s until his involvement in the controversy surrounding Elizabeth Chudleigh in 1774–76. The", "id": "21867957" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave (album)\n\n\nFoot in the Grave\" strengthened Beck's critical reputation, arguably allowing him to break into the mainstream with \"Odelay\" in 1996. As of July 2008, \"One Foot in the Grave\" had sold 168,000 copies in the United States. On April 14, 2009, the album was reissued with 13 unreleased tracks by Beck's own Iliad label. \"He's a Mighty Good Leader\" is a re-write of Delta blues guitarist Skip James' \"Jesus is a Mighty Good Leader\", utilizing the chords", "id": "19679473" }, { "contents": "List of games on I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue\n\n\n. Common variations on the game include merging two or more television shows, plays or novels. Another variation was to make cuts to films, novels, plays or television shows to reflect economic conditions, e.g., \"One Foot in the Grave\" becomes \"One Inch in the Grave\", \"Lady Chatterley's Lover\" becomes \"Lady Chatterley's Penpal\" and \"Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia\" becomes \"Bring Me the Hat of Alfredo Garcia\". In later shows the literary variation was announced as \"", "id": "799461" }, { "contents": "British sitcom\n\n\nthe form as it was recorded close to transmission. Some of the biggest hits of the 1990s were \"Father Ted\", \"Men Behaving Badly\", \"Game On\", \"Absolutely Fabulous\", \"I'm Alan Partridge\", \"Keeping Up Appearances\", \"Goodnight Sweetheart\", \"Bottom\", \"The Brittas Empire\", \"The Thin Blue Line\", \"Mr. Bean\", \"The Vicar of Dibley\" and \"One Foot in the Grave\". (BBC Worldwide confirmed in", "id": "1070366" }, { "contents": "John Barrard\n\n\n\"Never the Twain\" (1986-1987), Bernie in \"Terry and June\" (1987), Oskar Friedman in \"War and Remembrance\" (1989), Harold Wharton in an early episode of the sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\" (1990), Anatole in \"Jeeves and Wooster\" (1990), Mr Pebbles in \"Sean's Show\" (1992), Baths Attendant in \"Minder\" (1993), a houseowner in an episode of \"Keeping Up Appearances\" (1993", "id": "18913518" }, { "contents": "Angus Deayton\n\n\nThe Curse of Mr. Bean\" and appeared opposite Atkinson in the \"Black Adder\" episode \"Born to Be King\" (1983) as one of the Jumping Jews of Jerusalem. From 1988–91, Deayton was a featured player in all three series of the Emmy award-winning sketch comedy programme \"Alexei Sayle's Stuff.\" In 1990, Deayton was cast as the Meldrews' neighbour Patrick Trench in the British suburban sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\" and was selected as host of \"Have I Got News for", "id": "16701481" }, { "contents": "Christopher Ryan\n\n\nbrothers in an episode of \"Only Fools And Horses\" and spin-off \"The Green Green Grass\", a pair of identical twin builders in the \"One Foot in the Grave\" episode \"Hole In The Sky\", and a plumber in the episode \"The Valley of Fear\". He appeared in \"Back to School Mr. Bean\", \"My Family\" and \"Saxondale.\" He joined up again with Jennifer Saunders for two episodes of \"The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle\". In", "id": "14402778" }, { "contents": "Roy Hudd\n\n\nDennis Potter series \"Lipstick on Your Collar\", for which he received critical praise, and \"Karaoke\". In the mid 1990s he appeared in two series of \"Common As Muck\", a drama about a group of refuse collectors, alongside Edward Woodward. In 2000, Hudd appeared as neighbour Mr. Smedley in one episode of \"One Foot in the Grave\". From 2002 to 2003 he appeared as the undertaker Archie Shuttleworth in the ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\" and subsequently returned for guest appearances until the", "id": "7132859" }, { "contents": "List of Are You Being Served? characters\n\n\nStephanie Gathercole (who also provided the lift girl voice used in the theme song). Little is known about her, but she is wise to Mr. Lucas's tricks - when he walks past her, she wisely places a clipboard in front of her bottom. She appeared in the Pilot, Series 1 and one episode in Series 2. Miss Ainsworth, played by Nina Francis, was Mr. Rumbold's secretary in \"The Hand of Fate\" and \"Coffee Morning\" (series 3). Moira Foot played Miss Thorpe", "id": "10547072" }, { "contents": "RAF Warboys\n\n\nRAF Warboys is a former Royal Air Force heavy bomber station, situated just outside the village of Warboys in Huntingdonshire (now Cambridgeshire).. During the early years of the war, Warboys was a relatively conventional bomber station which was supplemented with the addition of an exceptionally long main runway measuring 6,290 feet. Construction of this runway resulted in the closure of the nearby road to Huntingdon (Church Road) during the war years, necessitating the construction of a bypass road, still in use (2015) as part of the A141.", "id": "20762321" }, { "contents": "Robbie Cooke\n\n\nRobert Leslie Cooke (born 16 February 1957) is an English retired footballer and manager who played as a forward in the Football League, most notably for Peterborough United and Brentford. He represented England C at international level while playing Non-League football. After retiring from football, Cooke managed Warboys Town and later became a scout. Cooke began his career in the youth system at Mansfield Town and made 9 appearances and scoring one goal in his debut season, in which the Stags won the 1976–77 Third Division championship. He made", "id": "586606" }, { "contents": "Walter Sparrow\n\n\nOne Foot in the Grave\", Ernie in \"Birds of a Feather\", and \"The Bill\" among many others. Sparrow is also well known for playing Maurice, a peasant who was threatened to be shipped to the Americas, in the 1998 Cinderella remake \"Ever After\". One of his more notable guest appearances was in the 1989 episode Danger UXD of the sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\", which had 16.1 million viewers, as sex shop owner Dirty Barry. His last appearance was in 2000 in", "id": "12210520" }, { "contents": "RAF Warboys\n\n\nthis time. Bad weather held up completion of a lot of the buildings including the Battle Headquarters. The first fully operational squadron to arrive at Warboys was 156 Squadron on 5 August 1942. The squadron came from RAF Alconbury with Vickers Wellingtons; in the new year it re-equipped with Avro Lancasters. The first RAF unit at Warboys was No. 1507 Beam Approach Training for the RAF Bomber Command, equipped with Airspeed Oxfords, but was only at Warboys from 13 March to 17 June 1943. After 1507 (BAT)", "id": "20762324" }, { "contents": "Warboys\n\n\nas building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Warboys is a part of the district ward of Warboys and Bury and is represented on the district council by two councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council. For Warboys the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council, which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services.", "id": "723714" }, { "contents": "Witches of Warboys\n\n\ncalled the Warboys trial \"the most momentous witch-trial that had ever occurred in England\", partially because it had \"demonstrably produced a deep and lasting impression on the class that made laws\". He makes a case that the Warboys trial influenced the passage of the Witchcraft Act of 1604. Following the hangings, Robert Throckmorton left Warboys hastily, his wife allegedly dying shortly before his departure. In Kate Pullinger's 1999 novel, \"Weird Sister\", Agnes Samuel returns to the present day to terrorise the Throckmorton family", "id": "9501287" }, { "contents": "Cosby\n\n\nGrave\", starring Richard Wilson and Annette Crosbie. David Renwick, the creator and writer of \"One Foot in the Grave\", was listed as a consultant of \"Cosby\". \"One Foot in the Grave\" was notable for containing dark humor for a mainstream sitcom. The tone was significantly lightened for \"Cosby\", although certain controversial scenes, such as a scene in which the lead character incinerates a live tortoise, albeit by accident, were recreated (though, in this version, with a turtle)", "id": "3638161" }, { "contents": "Warboys and Wistow Woods\n\n\nWarboys and Wistow Woods is a 44.5 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Warboys and west of Wistow in Cambridgeshire. Wistow Wood is an 8.5 hectare nature reserve owned and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. These woods have high conservation value because they are ancient ash and maple, and this habitat has sharply declined in extent since 1945. The woods have diverse flora and fauna, particularly invertebrates. There is access to Wistow Wood from Wistow Fen Lane, but Warboys Wood is private land with", "id": "3671684" }, { "contents": "Angus MacKay (actor)\n\n\nAngus Newton Mackay (15 July 19268 June 2013) was an English actor. He amassed numerous television credits during his career in programmes such as \"One Foot in the Grave\", \"Only Fools and Horses\", \"Howards' Way\", \"The Professionals\", \"Steptoe and Son\" (as the salesman for the water bed), \"The Sweeney\", \"Minder\" and \"Z-Cars\". In \"Doctor Who\" he was the first actor to play the character Borusa in the", "id": "15518757" }, { "contents": "Peter Burroughs\n\n\nWho\" and \"One Foot in the Grave\". Burroughs played roles in Hollywood movies such as \"Flash Gordon\", George Lucas' \"Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi\" (a swinging ewok), \"Willow\", \"The Dark Crystal\", \"Labyrinth\" and \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". In 1995, Burroughs set up Willow Management, an agency for short actors, along with co-actor Warwick Davis. He portrayed a bank goblin in the Harry", "id": "17706007" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nan aspect ratio of from 1990 to 1997. Three years later, the show returned to television for its final series, which was produced with an aspect ratio of . All episodes are of Standard Definition 576i. The \"One Foot in the Grave\" theme song was written, composed and sung by Eric Idle. A longer version was produced for the special \"One Foot in the Algarve\", released as a single with five remixes and a karaoke version in November 1994. Idle included a live version of the song on", "id": "2648054" }, { "contents": "Henry Graves (banker)\n\n\n) at Sotheby’s in Geneva on November 11, 2014, setting a new record price for any timepiece sold at auction. In 1896, Henry Graves married Florence Isabel Preston of Irvington-on-Hudson, New York, and they had four children. Mr. and Mrs. Graves owned several vacation homes in addition to their residence in New York City. The family spent their summers at their homes in Irvington and Saranac, New York. In Saranac, the Graves owned Eagle Island, where Mr. Graves reveled in one of his", "id": "14167077" }, { "contents": "Garry Nelson\n\n\nGarry Paul Nelson (born 16 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Southend United, Swindon Town, Plymouth Argyle, Brighton & Hove Albion, Charlton Athletic and Torquay United (as player/assistant manager) between 1979 and 1997. He played as a striker or on the left wing. He was voted into Plymouth Argyle's Team of the Century. Nelson also wrote two memoirs about his professional career, \"Left Foot Forward\" and \"Left Foot in the Grave\". The", "id": "37263" }, { "contents": "Nobody's Boy (1913 film)\n\n\nragged but good-hearted newsboy, is left an orphan by the death of his mother. Mrs. Lane, a rich society woman, loses her boy about the same time. She mourns the loss of her child and spends much of her time at his grave. One day while at the cemetery, she meets \"Bobby\" who is crying over the grave of his mother. Mrs. Lane questions the child, learns his story and adopts him. \"Bobby\" becomes a model child, but one day, chancing to", "id": "3476292" }, { "contents": "Alexander Runciman\n\n\nstudio with a Mr McLarin at the foot of Old Assembly Close off the Royal Mile (facing what is now called the Cowgate). He enjoyed a strong reputation as a landscape painter is his lifetime. Some of his works, due to their spontaneity, vigour of style and colour, and unorthodox composition, place him as an early exponent of modern art. Keith Ralph studied under Alexander Runciman.(\"who ?\" \"citation needed)\" Runciman died in Edinburgh and is buried in Canongate Churchyard. The grave is unmarked but a stone", "id": "5865093" }, { "contents": "Gamaliel Bartlett\n\n\n. He died on May 8, 1864, despite the ministrations of the Freylock family who attended to him at their farm at the foot of the mountain. Captain Henry Clay Bartlett was buried in an unmarked grave on their property. Gamaliel Bartlett died November 10, 1859, at the home of Mrs. David Johnson (his wife's first cousin) at Brooklyn, New York City. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on that same day, carried an obituary on page 3. He was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn", "id": "7430005" }, { "contents": "Canbury School\n\n\nfull accreditation from the Independent School's Council and joined the Independent School's Association (I.S.A.). Mr Harben retired in 2002 succeeded by Mr Robin Metters. Following Robin Metters retirement, Ms Louise Clancy became Canbury School's first Headmistress, in September 2014. The school is on Kingston Hill at the corner of Warboys Approach. It has a new modern science laboratory and prep room, up-to-date computer facilities, an art studio equipped with a pottery area and kiln and access to local facilities for a wide range", "id": "6026021" }, { "contents": "Richard Pearson (actor)\n\n\nTupper in \"Scrooge\". In later years, Pearson is perhaps best known for his role as Mole in Cosgrove Hall's \"The Wind in the Willows\" (1983), its subsequent television series, which led on from the original film, and its spin-off programme \"Oh, Mr. Toad\", in all of which he starred alongside David Jason, Peter Sallis and Michael Hordern. He also appeared in episodes of \"A Fine Romance\", in \"One Foot in the Grave\" as Victor Meldrew", "id": "2797313" }, { "contents": "Sutton, London\n\n\nin the churchyard. These include Mr Horward Orme, the final owner of the manor house, and 185 orphans from the Metropolitan District School. The orphans' graves are marked by a memorial put up by the church's Sunday school children in 1921. A large World War II bomb landed on the churchyard in 1940. It caused the destruction of several graves, but the church building itself remained intact. Just to the north of Sutton town centre at the foot of Angel Hill in All Saints Road is All Saints Church,", "id": "3151357" }, { "contents": "Georgina Hale\n\n\nvillainous, tea drinking sorceress in a succession of children’s adventure series produced by Thames Television. Hale played the role in four series and two Christmas specials broadcast between 1990-92. Other notable television appearances include guest starring roles in \"Upstairs, Downstairs\" (1975), \"Minder\" (1980), \"Hammer House of Horror\" (1980), the \"Doctor Who\" serial \"The Happiness Patrol\" (1988), \"One Foot in the Grave\" (1990), \"Murder Most Horrid", "id": "13511852" }, { "contents": "Alan Warboys\n\n\non to finish the season having scored 13 goals in 17 league games, including scoring four times in one match during a 4–0 win over Carlisle United, as the club missed out on promotion by one place. After spending one more year at Cardiff, he returned to Yorkshire to join Sheffield United as part of a swap deal which saw Gil Reece and Dave Powell move the other way to Ninian Park. After a brief spell with Sheffield United, Warboys joined Bristol Rovers. In his five seasons at the club, he forged", "id": "8443907" }, { "contents": "Rukmani Devi\n\n\none of her fans Mrs. Sriyani Achala Dissanayake. Several popular media bloated this incident as an attack by an unidentified group of criminals to Rukmani Devi's grave and a protest rally to this incident was also organised in Negombo on 14 August 2011. However, later it was revealed that Mr. Ananda Munasinghe who is also the Son-in-Law of Bernard Aloysius Jayamanne (B. A. W. Jayamanne) is in fact the present owner of this grave and he has dislodged the statue to erect a proper statue of Rukmani Devi as the", "id": "1741705" }, { "contents": "George Honey\n\n\nTheatre in 1872 and 1875, where it made a greater impression on audiences. In the \"Standard\" on 31 May 1875, a critic wrote: A noticeable and welcome feature in the revival is the return of Mr. George Honey, who resumes his part of Graves, one of the most genuine and unexaggerated examples of pure humour the modern stage has witnessed. Before Mr. Honey has uttered three sentences the character of Graves is distinctly placed before the spectator. The manner in which the sigh of grief for the memory of \"", "id": "5765669" }, { "contents": "Original Stories from Real Life\n\n\nnot regret her loss. They followed her to the grave on which no one shed a tear. She was soon forgotten; and I [says Mrs. Mason] only remember her, to warn you to shun her errors. Mrs. Mason also takes her charges to visit models of virtue, such as Mrs. Trueman, who, though poor, still manages to be charitable and a comfort to her family. At the end of one visit, Mrs. Mason reminds the girls that Mrs. Trueman \"loves truth, and she is ever", "id": "4138056" }, { "contents": "Prunella Scales\n\n\nsame year she appeared as Eleanor Dunsall in Midsomer Murders Beyond the Grave. In 2001 she appeared in 2 episodes of Silent Witness, “Faith” as Mrs Parker. In 2003, she appeared as Hilda, \"she who must be obeyed\", wife of Horace Rumpole in four BBC Radio 4 plays, with Timothy West playing her fictional husband. Scales and West toured Australia at the same time in different productions. Scales appeared in a one-woman show called \"\"An Evening with Queen Victoria\"\", which", "id": "1631" }, { "contents": "Peter Cook\n\n\n, Cook appeared on \"Clive Anderson Talks Back\" as four characters – biscuit tester and alien abductee Norman House, football manager and motivational speaker Alan Latchley, judge Sir James Beauchamp, and rock legend Eric Daley. The following day, he appeared on BBC2 performing links for \"Arena\"'s \"Radio Night\". He also appeared in the 1993 Christmas special of \"One Foot in the Grave\" (\"One Foot in the Algarve\"), playing a muckraking tabloid photographer. Before the end of the next year", "id": "3952640" }, { "contents": "You're Welcome (Angel)\n\n\n. You'd think they'd give Miss One-Foot-in-the-Grave her own room.\" She then closes the drapes. Back at Wolfram & Hart, Cordelia asks after Connor, which surprises Angel, who thought he was the only one to remember his son. Cordy later reveals the vision that woke her from the coma showed Angel in grave danger. Eve enters, despite being banned, saying Angel has no control over the liaison for the Senior Partners. Meanwhile, Spike complains to Lindsey (who", "id": "13934462" }, { "contents": "Samuel Fox (industrialist)\n\n\nin the church.  ---Unreadable portion--- of the choir from the church took part in the service, Mr. Newton playing an extemporised voluntary as the coffin was bornse into the church.  The songs were chanted by the choir, who also sang the hymn \"Rock of Ages\" At the conclusion of the service in the church Mrs. S.  Newton played the \"Dead March\" in \"Saul\".  In the grave, which is of brickt, there were placed a large number of floral tributes, not the least appreciated by friends of", "id": "1019916" }, { "contents": "Doremy Vernon\n\n\nDoremy Vernon is an English television and film actress and former Tiller Girl who was born in London, England, and is best known for playing Diana Yardwick, the Grace Brothers canteen manageress in the long-running BBC comedy \"Are You Being Served?\". Doremy also appeared in many other well-known British TV programmes, such as \"Dixon of Dock Green\", \"Hi-De-Hi!\", \"Citizen Smith\" and \"One Foot in the Grave\". She had roles in films directed", "id": "21392954" }, { "contents": "Valdezia\n\n\nthe graves of missionaries and their families, the graves are in bad conditions as there are no Swiss community to take care of the graves.The graves were restored during the 140 year celebrations of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church(Swiss Mission) held in valdezia on 08-12 July 2015.The grave of Mrs Berthoud was turned into a monument alongside the grave of Mrs Shihlomulo who was the first convert to the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Valdezia. Despite the intervention by the Swiss Missionaries, Valdezia remain an underdeveloped area, the only development that has happened", "id": "20890801" }, { "contents": "The Mainland (Father Ted)\n\n\nRamsgate, to get a new set of glasses - his last pair were taken by a bird. After dropping Mrs. Doyle and Jack off, Ted and Dougal head for the caves. Ted is surprised to see Richard Wilson, from the show \"One Foot in the Grave\", waiting outside, and goes up to greet him with his catchphrase \"I don't believe it!\". Wilson, sick of the phrase himself, turns on Ted and starts beating him up before others physically drag him away. Ted and", "id": "15010705" }, { "contents": "One Foot in the Grave\n\n\nWill Buy?\"). Nick Swainey (Owen Brenman) – The excessively cheerful and often oblivious Mr Swainey appeared in the first episode, encouraging Victor to join his OAPs' trip to Eastbourne and being greeted with Victor's trademark abuse. When the Meldrews move house, they discover he is their neighbour, living on the other side of the Meldrews from the Trenches. He remains continuously optimistic; even his being told to \"piss off\" by Victor is laughed off. Despite this run-in he later befriends Victor", "id": "2648036" }, { "contents": "Charles Farrar Forster\n\n\nShaw of St Andrew's, Huddersfield, D. M. Thomas, the curate of Beckwithshaw, and Mark Rowntree, vicar of Pannal. Mr and Mrs Henry Williams, patrons of the living of Beckwithshaw, were there too. The funeral \"cortège\" travelled on foot more than a mile to the cemetery. The clergy and choir were robed; the choirboys carrying all the flowers: a \"picturesque appearance of reverential sorrow.\" At the cemetery, the grave was lined with ivy and flowers, and W. Binner conducted the service", "id": "2961777" }, { "contents": "British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance\n\n\nTracey Ullman - Three of a Kind 1985 Judi Dench - A Fine Romance 1986 Victoria Wood - Victoria Wood As Seen On TV 1987 Nigel Hawthorne - Yes, Prime Minister 1988 Nigel Hawthorne - Yes, Prime Minister 1989 Victoria Wood - An Audience with Victoria Wood 1990 Rowan Atkinson - Blackadder Goes Forth 1991 David Jason - Only Fools and Horses 1992 Richard Wilson - One Foot in the Grave 1993 Joanna Lumley - Absolutely Fabulous 1994 Richard Wilson - One Foot in the Grave; One Foot in the Algarve 1995 Rory Bremner - Rory Bremner", "id": "2866515" }, { "contents": "Camberwell Cemeteries\n\n\nrestored rather than being torn down. The lodge was used in the 1970 film adaptation of Joe Orton's play Entertaining Mr Sloane. There are 288 Commonwealth service war graves from the First World War, 160 of whom are in a war graves plot in cemetery's north-east corner where there are two Screen Wall memorials, one listing those buried in the plot and the other those buried elsewhere in the cemetery whose graves could not be marked by headstones. There is also a group of special memorials to 14 casualties buried in", "id": "4201714" }, { "contents": "Glasshayes\n\n\nring, and lived openly with his married mistress, Mrs Louisa Graves. He died there on the 7 July 1848, and according to local tradition his ghost can still be sighted. On the Duc's death the house was inherited by Louisa Graves, who later sold the house to a Mr and Mrs Fussell (who do not appear to have taken residence). The land was later purchased by a local grocer and draper, William Beale Bugden, who farmed the land but did not take residence at the house. During", "id": "15290016" }, { "contents": "The Grave (The Twilight Zone)\n\n\nhe receives from the Cossack officer for the purpose—and who meets a similar fate. Maria Leach authored a compilation of ghost stories called \"The Thing at the Foot of the Bed and Other Scary Tales\" in 1959 that included a story called \"The Dare\", in which a group of kids sitting in front of a fire telling ghost stories dare one of the group to go to the grave of a man who was just buried earlier that day. The boy takes the dare, states he will stick a knife", "id": "3176073" }, { "contents": "Manduyog Hill\n\n\nand Mrs. Diosdado Y. Reloj, Sr. and Mr. and Mrs. Bienvenido Navarra, who were longtime friends. Sixteen years later, in June 1991, the 27-foot (8.3m) steel cross at the summit of Manduyog Hill was replaced by a 40-foot concrete one. Engr. Loreto P. Indelible drafted the design and supervised the construction. Nearly three decades after its completion, the problem of keeping the Manduoyg project in top shape rose. But the commitment of Doctor Aguilar was intact. With the help of Msgr. Raul Gonzales,", "id": "17599604" } ]

[ { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of films based on the series of books, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" by Jeff Kinney. The series consists of : \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" (2010), \"\" (2011), \"\" (2012) and the latest, last live action film \" \"(2017), as well as a short film entitled, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\" (2012) and a potential animated fifth film in development hell .", "id": "18891941" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron. Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chloë Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first film in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series, and was followed by three sequels, \"\" (2011), \"\" (", "id": "20147530" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nhave been adapted into films by 20th Century Fox. The game \"Poptropica\" has released two islands themed after \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", called Wimpy Wonderland and Wimpy Boardwalk. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" officially began when Kinney brought up an idea about a middle-school weakling named Greg Heffley, who wrote about his personal life. In May 2004, FunBrain and Kinney released an online version of \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\". The website made daily entries until June 2005. He worked on", "id": "15219639" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a 2017 American road comedy film directed by David Bowers. It is the fourth installment in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series, and is based on the ninth and tenth books in the series, \"\" and \"\", and one element each based on the seventh and eighth books, \"\" and \"\". It is both a sequel and a soft reboot because the cast members from the first three films do not reprise their roles, and", "id": "14202163" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules is a 2011 American comedy film based on Jeff Kinney's with a couple of elements from \"\". The film stars Zachary Gordon and Devon Bostick. Robert Capron, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Peyton List also have prominent roles. The film was released on March 25, 2011 by 20th Century Fox. The film earned $72.4 million on a $21 million budget. It is the second film in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series preceded by 2010", "id": "20091879" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nappearances are rare. In the film adaptions of the books, Patty's role is enhanced slightly. She is depicted as being monstrously demanding. Her parents are involved with the school board in this portrayal. The motivation given for her hatred of Greg is his recital of an offensive playground chant poking fun at her that sent her bursting into tears in elementary school. She appears in the film adaptions of all three films \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid; Rodrick Rules\" and \"Diary", "id": "7861377" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\n\n\nOctober 27, 2010, with filming taking place in Vancouver and New Westminster. \"Rodrick Rules\" was directed by David Bowers, with Zachary Gordon reprising his role as Greg Heffley. New main characters include Holly Hills (Peyton List), Grandpa (Terence Kelly), and Bill Walter (Fran Kranz). Edward Shearmur composes the original score for the film. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\" is the third film in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series. It was released on", "id": "18891944" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid is a children's novel written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. The book is about a boy named Greg Heffley and his attempts to become popular in middle school. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" first appeared on FunBrain in 2004, where it was read 20 million times. The abridged hardcover adaptation was released on April 1, 2007. The book was named a \"New York Times\" bestseller, among other", "id": "19903157" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days is a 2012 American comedy film directed by David Bowers from a screenplay by Wallace Wolodarsky and Maya Forbes. It stars Zachary Gordon and Steve Zahn. Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Peyton List, Grayson Russell, and Karan Brar also have prominent roles. It is the third installment in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series, and is a combination of elements from the and in the series, but draws mostly from the fourth book. The film was", "id": "19516188" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released on November 7, 2017. Greg Heffley and his family see a commercial for Isla de Corales, a resort where his parents went for their honeymoon. To Greg's dismay, they skip", "id": "3856651" }, { "contents": "The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\n\n\nThe Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is a movie tie-in book by Jeff Kinney about the making of the 2010 movie \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", which stars Zachary Gordon as Greg and Robert Capron as Rowley. Unlike the other books, it is non-fiction. It starts off with how the series was created. Next, it shows how they gradually prepared the movie for filming, such as choosing the cast, writing the script, and finding the right location. When it talks about filming, other subjects", "id": "11736285" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\ndisappointed.\" \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\" was released on iTunes on December 4, 2012. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on December 18, 2012. It was released on Redbox on January 15, 2013. An animated short film set after the events of \"Dog Days\", \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\", was released on the home media release of \"Dog Days\", with Zachary Gordon reprising his role as Greg Heffley", "id": "19516207" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nbooks, Holly's role was increased in film adaptions, debuting in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\" as a newcomer to Greg's middle school with whom he is instantly besotted. She is depicted as being friendly and good-natured. The relationship she shares with Greg and Rowley is emphasized and exaggerated in the film portrayals, to the extent it can be assumed that the feelings Greg has for her may be mutual. She reappears in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days.\" Her family", "id": "7861371" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nDespite a lack of distinctive marketing, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" drew a decent crowd, opening to $22.1 million on approximately 3,400 screens at 3,077 sites, notably beating out the heavily hyped \"The Bounty Hunter\". It was the biggest start ever for a non-animated, non-fantasy children's book adaptation. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" grossed more in its first three days than other film adaptions to children's novels like \"How to Eat Fried Worms\" and \"Hoot\" grossed in", "id": "20147546" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nalso wants to become a good mother in front of her peers. She and her husband pay far more attention to Manny than their other two sons. She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series. In Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, she is portrayed by Alicia Silverstone. In the online version of the first book, Susan was known as Ann Heffley. Manny Heffley is Greg and Rodrick's younger brother, and the youngest of the Heffley", "id": "7861320" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (book)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days is a novel written by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney, and is the fourth book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. It was released on October 12, 2009 in the USA and October 13, 2009, in Canada. The film, \"\", released on August 3, 2012, was based on the book and its predecessor, \"\". The book starts with Greg Heffley describing how he is a \"indoor person,\" and how he", "id": "19977230" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\n. Taylor Pringle is a minor character who only appears in the films, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\" and \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\" and does not appear in the books. She is a girl who is very rude and unforgiving, and is first seen at the end of the opening scene in \"Rodrick Rules\" in which during her birthday party at the roller rink, Rodrick embarrasses Greg, prompting Greg to try and tackle him, but he misses and lands in Taylor", "id": "7861394" }, { "contents": "Dear Dumb Diary\n\n\nthat the comic moment fizzles\". A reviewer for the \"Indian Express\" compared \"My Pants are Haunted!\" to the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series, saying that fans of \"Wimpy Kid\" would like the series. \"See: Dear Dumb Diary (film)\" A film version had been filmed in Salt Lake City, Utah, starring Emily Alyn Lind and Mary-Charles Jones. The movie premiered on Hallmark Channel on September 6, 2013 and is now on Netflix and other streaming services", "id": "9820190" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nKid\" film series that was released on March 25, 2011, which was based on the second book \"Rodrick Rules\", with Zachary Gordon returning as Greg Heffley. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\" was also filmed in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The film also contains some scenes from \"The Last Straw.\" The third film combines the third and fourth books \"The Last Straw\" and \"Dog Days\", taking stories from both, but mainly from \"Dog Days\", from", "id": "15219647" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down is the eleventh book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2016 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event. The book was published on November 1, 2016. The book's trailer was released on October 17, 2016. At the beginning of the book, Greg Heffley talks about how he thinks his life is a reality TV show. He believes his brothers, his parents, and all the other people in", "id": "18515338" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\n\n\nas Fregley, Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, and Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta. It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal. The musical score was composed by Theodore Shapiro. \"Rodrick Rules\" is the second film in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series. It was released on March 25, 2011 and is based on the second book, \"Rodrick Rules\" with scenes from \"The Last Straw\". Principal photography began on August 23, 2010 and was completed on", "id": "18891943" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nabout his film roles that he didn't get. 7 years later, Cruikshank asked if he could audition again for \"The Long Haul\", but the casting crew still didn't let him. The official trailer for \"Wimpy Kid\" was released virally on January 21, 2010 and was shown in theaters with \"Tooth Fairy\". A poster for the film was released shortly after. Another trailer was shown with \"\". The official Facebook account for \"Wimpy Kid\" had uploaded three clips from the film,", "id": "20147540" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\n's \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" and followed by 2012's \"\". The Heffley family attends a party at a roller rink, where Greg Heffley reunites with his best friend Rowley Jefferson, meets a new girl at school named Holly Hills whom Greg instantly has a crush on, and reveals he passed on the Cheese Touch. During the party, his older brother Rodrick advises Greg to ask Holly to skate with him when Couples Skate begins and then interferes with Couples Skate by persuading a crowd of violent teenagers to enter", "id": "20091880" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nwhich it took its title. The decision to blend the two films was made to keep up with the ages of the actors. The film was released on August 3, 2012. The likelihood of a fourth live action film was slim. Kinney has announced the possibility for an animated film to be based on \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever\" as the next installment. In an interview for the latest book \"Hard Luck\", Jeff Kinney stated he was working with Fox on a half-hour special", "id": "15219648" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\nbox office. In the UK, the film debuted at #3 in the weekend box office behind \"\" and \"The Hangover Part II\". The film eventually grossed $52,698,535 in the US/Canada and $19,718,859 in other countries for a worldwide total of $72,417,394. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 47% based on 98 reviews and an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Moderately witty and acceptably acted, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid 2\"", "id": "20091896" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\n, a 6-inch Greg Heffley figure, a 6-inch holiday figure based on \"Cabin Fever\", and a Greg and Rodrick plush doll. Thirteen audiobooks have been released for the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. The Recorded Books versions are read by Ramon de Ocampo, while the Penguin Books versions are read by Dan Russell, who has done so since \"The Third Wheel\", and in 2018 he re-narrated the first 6 books for the markets where Penguin publish the series. \"Diary of a Wimpy", "id": "15219642" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nmagazine called the film \"An amiable, fast-paced entry that should win over fans.\" Jesse Hassenger of The A.V. Club called the film \"repetitive and uninspired\". Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com criticized the film, saying it \"Jettisons everything that’s honest and worthwhile about the books in favor of hackneyed misadventures and gross-out scatological humor.\" \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\" was released on Digital HD from Amazon Video and iTunes on August 1, 2017, and on Blu-ray", "id": "14202184" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\n\n\n. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\" was released on May 19, 2017, and is the first film to feature an entirely new cast. Jason Drucker and Charlie Wright portray Greg and Rodrick Heffley, and Tom Everett Scott and Alicia Silverstone as their parents, Frank and Susan. The film follows Greg and Rodrick convincing their family to go on a road trip for their great grandmother's 90th birthday, but they actually plan on attending a video game convention. An animated short film set after the events", "id": "18891946" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nmeme. Other hashtags included \"#NotMyHeffleys\" and \"#NotMyRowley\". \"The Long Haul\" grossed $20.7 million in the United States and Canada and $19.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $40.1 million, against a production budget of $22 million. It was the lowest-grossing film of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series by a wide margin. In North America, the film was initially projected to gross around $12 million from 3,129 theaters during its opening weekend.", "id": "14202181" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nreads, \"With an all-new cast but the same juvenile humor, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\" finds the franchise still stuck in arrested – and largely unfunny – development.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 39 out of 100 based on 16 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B\" on an A+ to F scale, down from the first ' \"A-\". Dennis Harvey of Variety", "id": "14202183" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nas of March 1, 2010. In the United Kingdom and Ireland the film was released in cinemas on August 25, 2010. The soundtrack was released on CD by La La Land Records with the score composed by Theodore Shapiro, containing 34 tracks. A tie-in book, written by Kinney, called \"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\", was published on March 16, 2010, by Amulet Books (an imprint of Abrams Books). It includes film stills, storyboards, preliminary concept drawings and also behind-", "id": "20147541" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\nreleased on August 3, 2012 by 20th Century Fox. and earned $77.10 million on a $22 million budget. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\" is also the last film in the series to feature the original cast members, as many of the cast (such as Zachary Gordon, Robert Capron and Devon Bostick) outgrew their roles and new actors were cast for the subsequent films in the series, starting with \"\", which was released five years later. The Heffley family attends a pool party", "id": "19516189" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\n2011. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\" was released on a stand-alone DVD, a special edition double DVD pack, and a Blu-ray/DVD/digital copy combo pack on June 21, 2011. One of the bonus shorts was shown during \"iParty with Victorious\" on Nickelodeon at 8:00 PM on June 11, 2011. The film made $7.3 million on its opening day, ranking #2 behind \"Sucker Punch\". The film managed to rank #1 in the weekend", "id": "20091895" }, { "contents": "What Do You Want from Me (Forever the Sickest Kids song)\n\n\n, 2009. However, the single was originally released on October 30, 2009 on the band's MySpace. A music video for the song was then soon released in December. On March 19, 2010, the single was re-released for the film \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", entitled \"What Do You Want from Me (Diary of a Wimpy Kid Mix)\". This version features slight changes in the lyrics from the original version, in order to make the song more kid-oriented. The", "id": "12004126" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nThis is a list of characters in Jeff Kinney's \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" graphic novel series, as well as in the film adaptations of the first, , and books. The books take the format of the journals kept by the protagonist, Greg Heffley. There is also an eponymous series of film adaptations, for which Kinney was an executive producer, based on the original graphic novels. Gregory \"Greg\" Heffley is 12 years old in the first novel. Greg’s actions can be antagonistic at times,", "id": "7861312" }, { "contents": "Robert Capron\n\n\nRobert B. Capron Jr. (born July 9, 1998) is an American actor, who is best known for starring as Rowley Jefferson, Greg Heffley's best friend, in the first three installments of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" film series. He started off with a role in \"Bride Wars\" and later had small parts in \"\" and the Disney film \"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\". His mother, Kaye Capron, played his character's mother in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\". Capron", "id": "18727280" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\nbeginning of September 2011. The Chinese Bunkhouse at the Steveston Shipyards in Richmond, BC was the location of the Wilderness Explorers cabin for Troop 133. During filming, stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron, were seen riding the Corkscrew at Playland at Vancouver's fair, the PNE. Capron had to wear a wig for this movie, as his hair was shaved to play the role of Young Curly in \"The Three Stooges\", as explained in \"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\" book. A poster was leaked in March", "id": "19516201" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid\" fails to place a likable protagonist at the center of its middle-school humor – and its underlying message is drowned out as a result.\" It also holds a rating of 56/100 at Metacritic, based on 26 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, writing \"It's nimble, bright and funny. It doesn't dumb down. It doesn't patronize. It knows something about human", "id": "20147543" }, { "contents": "Jeff Kinney (author)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid\" characters and events are featured in the \"Poptropica\" universe. The \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series has over 200 million copies in print worldwide as of 2018 and was developed into feature films for which Kinney served as executive producer. In May 2015, Kinney and his wife Julie opened \"An Unlikely Story,\" a local bookstore and cafe in Plainville, Massachusetts. Kinney advocates that kids should spend time reading as an alternative to screen time. On December 14, 2003, Jeff", "id": "20461467" }, { "contents": "Jeff Kinney (author)\n\n\n, Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as a new character named Angie, Grayson Russell as Fregley, Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, and Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta. Kinney appeared in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" films as Holly Hills' father. A second film, based on \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\", was released on March 25, 2011. Zachary Gordon returned as Greg Heffley. Steve Zahn (Frank Heffley) and", "id": "20461469" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nLast Straw\", he makes a New Year's Resolution to go on a strict diet, but Greg later catches him in the garage eating brownies. He also eats snacks intended for Greg, which causes him serious problems at school, and he is eventually caught after Greg hides in a pile of laundry late at night to catch the thief. Frank is portrayed by Steve Zahn in the first three films of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series\". In \"\", he is played by Tom Everett Scott", "id": "7861318" }, { "contents": "Greg Heffley\n\n\n. \"Poptropica's\" 28th island, \"Wimpy Boardwalk,\" also revolves around the \"Wimpy Kid\" series. Wimpy Boardwalk was the first time that Greg was shown in color. In the first three adaptions of the series, Greg was portrayed by actor Zachary Gordon. The first adaption \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" was directed by Thor Freudenthal. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars", "id": "3291955" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\n\n\nof Dog Days, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\", was released on the home media release of \"Dog Days\" in 2012. The short is told through Greg's point of view as he explains his experience with humor and comedy. Zachary Gordon reprises his role as Greg Heffley along other cast members voicing their characters from the films in minor roles. In December 2012, Jeff Kinney announced that he was working on an animated adaptation of \"Cabin Fever\" to air around Christmas 2013. The adaptation", "id": "18891947" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw is a novel written by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney, the third book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. The book acts as a journal and follows the adventures of Greg Heffley, the narrator of the book, who is in the second half of his seventh-grade year. This book was released in the US on January 13, 2009. The book begins on January 1, with Greg talking about his family's New Year's resolutions.", "id": "17221054" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School is a children's novel written by American author Jeff Kinney first published in 2015. It is the tenth book of \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series, preceded by \"\" and followed by \"\". The book was released on November 3, 2015 worldwide, though an extract from the book was released online on October 27, 2015. Greg Heffley starts the book by talking about how his mother doesn't like technology and smart phones, and is starting a petition to", "id": "18534531" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and is the ninth book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. On April 28, 2014, Kinney announced the book's name and the color of its cover. The book was released on November 5, 2014 in the UK. As Greg Heffley's summer vacation begins, his mom announces that the family will be going on a surprise road trip. Greg remembers previous vacations that went wrong, so he is", "id": "18645639" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules is a children's novel by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney, based on the FunBrain.com version. It is the sequel to \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", followed by \"\". The hardcover was released on February 1, 2008. \"Rodrick Rules\" was named \"New York Times\" bestseller among awards and praise. A was released on March 25, 2011. At the start of the book, Greg explains how bad his summer vacation was in which after being", "id": "6682907" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nWimpy Kid\" was in Vancouver and wrapped up on October 16, 2009. Lucas Cruikshank, best known for creating the web series \"Fred\", had auditioned for the role as Greg Heffley. Even though he was 17 at the time, the crew members were impressed with his performance, but he was \"too old for the role\". The role was given to Zachary Gordon, who was 5 years younger than Cruikshank. Cruikshank mentioned this on his official YouTube channel, which was on a video where he talked", "id": "20147539" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\n\n\nit. \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\" is the second book in an thirteen book series. The third, \"\" was released on January 13, 2009. Brad Simpson stated he anticipated a sequel movie if the first film was a success. \"Our writing staff are writing a sequel right now, \"Rodrick Rules,\" which would be based on the second book\" ... \"And, you know, we hope that the people to see a second movie, so that we are in position", "id": "6682917" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\n, and \"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\" has been listed for all three weeks of its publication, peaking at number 2. The series has sold over 200 million books in 56 languages and 65 editions throughout the world. The series has also generated over $500 million in revenue. Jeff Kinney announced that a film based on the first book would be produced by 20th Century Fox. The film was released on March 19, 2010, moved up from an April 2 release date. It was directed by Thor Freudenthal,", "id": "15219645" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\n\n\n\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" was released March 19, 2010, as it moved up from a previously scheduled April 2 release date. Principal production began on September 21, 2009 and was completed on October 16, 2009. The film was directed by Thor Freudenthal and starred Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, Grayson Russell", "id": "18891942" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Meltdown\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Meltdown is the 13th book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book begins with Greg's hard time enjoying a warm day in the middle of the winter. Greg hears that the entire planet is heating up by human beings and that no one shouldn't blame him as he recently got here. He had been trying to tell his family about the issue, but they aren't listening. At school, Greg had been forgetting which projects were due", "id": "12218743" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever is a 2011 bestselling and award-winning children's book and the sixth book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series, written by American author Jeff Kinney. The book was released on November 15, 2011, and was the fastest-selling book of 2011, giving him the third-strongest opening-week sales for a children's author. \"Cabin Fever\" had a first printing run of six million copies, which Amulet Books stated was one of their most", "id": "17682015" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down\n\n\nin my career. I wasn’t sure if I should continue writing Diary of a Wimpy Kid books or go down a different path. Double Down is really special to me, because it reflects a renewed commitment to the series and a plan for the future.\" Rachel Chipman of the \"Deseret News\" wrote that the book would \"probably not attract any new fans\", while longtime fans of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series would \"adore [Greg's] Halloween middle school adventures\". Carrie R. Wheadon", "id": "18515352" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and the eighth book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. It was released on November 5, 2013. In this book, Greg's best friend Rowley ditches him, and Greg struggles to make new friends. On Easter, he finds a Magic 8-Ball and attempts to change his luck by using it to make decisions for him. \"Hard Luck\" received generally positive reviews from critics. The book opens with Greg", "id": "18539107" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth is a 2010 bestselling children's fiction book by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney and is the fifth book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. \"The Ugly Truth\" sold 548,000 copies in its initial week of publication, edging out Decision Points, which sold 437,000 copies. Kinney initially struggled with the decision of whether Greg would be a non-aging \"cartoon character\" or a literary character that would age and go through puberty, deciding to make puberty", "id": "6146531" }, { "contents": "Thor Freudenthal\n\n\n!\" and \"Stuart Little 2\". He later worked as second unit director on Disney's \"The Haunted Mansion\". In 2005, he directed the short film \"Motel\" which was his first live-action film. He then worked as director on \"Hotel for Dogs\" in 2009 for DreamWorks Pictures. He directed the live-action/animated feature film, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", based on the book by Jeff Kinney. He has also been featured in \"Diary of a Wimpy", "id": "15022142" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\npraised Zachary Gordon's acting, writing, \"[h]is easy likeability and general relatability are perhaps two of the biggest keys to \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\".\" Matt Mueller of \"OnMilwaukee\" gave the movie a negative review, calling it \"manic, forced, predictable, scatterbrained and often times unpleasant.\" Mueller criticized the movie's \"overstuffed screenplay\" for being \"very attention-deficit, cramming in numerous wacky plot elements, most of them solely existing for predictable jokes that were met", "id": "19516204" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Third Wheel\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Third Wheel is a 2012 bestselling children's novel and the seventh book in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, written by American author Jeff Kinney. Kinney announced the book in March 2012, with \"The Third Wheel\"s cover revealed in May 2012. The book was released on November 13, 2012. Greg recalls several anecdotes from the time of his conception to his preschool years, notable ones include how his mother read to him before bed, how his parents’ excessive kissing supposedly", "id": "2867633" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\n25, 2010. It was later online on January 3, 2011. A poster was released there after on January 14, 2011. In February 2011, an exclusive online-only trailer was released on the \"Wimpy Kid Movie\" YouTube channel, officialwimpmovie. Due to the success of the first film in Singapore, the film was released there eight days before the US release on March 17, 2011. The film was released in Brazil on September 16, 2011. A TV spot of the movie was released in March", "id": "20091894" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nseems oblivious to this. A student attending Westmore High School with Rodrick, she has had several minor occupations throughout the course of the books, during each of which Rodrick fecklessly attempts to grab her attention or to impress her. Little insight into her personality is provided in the book series. Similar to her younger sister, Holly, Heather's personality and role is further enhanced in the only film adaption in which she has appeared, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days.\" In a modification of the events of", "id": "7861379" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nthe-scenes information to humorously chronicle the making of the film. It also includes some new illustrations. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The Blu-ray Version features six pages from Rowley's diary, \"Diary of an Awesome, Friendly Kid\". Review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 53%, based on 106 reviews with an average rating of 5.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Unlike its bestselling source material, \"", "id": "20147542" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nhis book for almost eight years, before showing it to a publisher in New York. In February 2006, during the New York Comic Con, Jeff signed a multi-book deal with publisher Harry N. Abrams, Inc., to turn \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" into a print series. The book became an instant hit, and the online version received about 20 million views as of 2009. Nonetheless, many online readers requested a printed version; Kinney agreed, and in April 2007, \"Diary of a Wimpy", "id": "15219640" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nwho also directed \"Hotel for Dogs\". The film starred Zachary Gordon as Greg, Robert Capron as Rowley (Greg's best friend), Steve Zahn as Frank (Greg's father), Rachael Harris as Susan (Greg's mother), Devon Bostick as Rodrick (Greg's older brother), Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny (Greg's younger brother), Chloë Grace Moretz as a new character named Angie, and Grayson Russell as Fregley. There is a second film in the \"Diary of a Wimpy", "id": "15219646" }, { "contents": "Jeff Kinney (author)\n\n\n2006, during the New York Comic Con, Jeff signed a multi-book deal with publisher Harry N. Abrams, Inc., to turn \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" into a print series. The book became an instant hit, with the online version receiving about 20 million views as of 2007. When many online readers requested a printed version, Kinney agreed, and in April 2007, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" was published. To date, sixteen \"Wimpy Kid\" books have been released, including 2", "id": "20461465" }, { "contents": "What Do You Want from Me (Forever the Sickest Kids song)\n\n\n\"What Do You Want from Me\" is a single by the American band Forever the Sickest Kids. It is the first single from their EP \"\". It was first released on October 30, 2009 in the United States. It has been featured in numerous Nerf commercials, and in the ending credits of the film \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", where it was re-released with minor changes in the lyrics. \"The Weekend: Friday\", which featured the song, was released on November 17", "id": "12004125" }, { "contents": "Karan Brar\n\n\nKaran Brar (born January 18, 1999) is an American actor, best known for his child roles as Chirag Gupta in the \"Wimpy Kid\" feature film franchise, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", \" \", and \"\", as well as for his co-starring role as Ravi Ross on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Jessie\", and its subsequent spin-off \"Bunk'd\". Karan Brar was born on January 18, 1999 in Redmond, Washington, to parents Harinder and Jasbinder Brar", "id": "14574980" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nKid\" was published. To date, thirteen \"Wimpy Kid\" books have been released, plus one do-it-yourself book, two movie diaries, and a . In April 2009, \"TIME\" named Kinney one of \"The World's Most Influential People\". A spin-off entitled \"\" was released on April 9, 2019. It contains new stories told from the perspective of Greg's best friend, Rowley. Action figures included a minifigure pack (with Greg, Rowley, and Fregley)", "id": "15219641" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nto belong to him. Jordan invites Greg and Rowley to his latest party, but Greg cannot not go because of his Uncle Gary's fourth wedding. But at the end of the book, Greg discovers that it's actually a good thing he didn't go to the party—as it would seem, the only reason Jordan invited the kids in Greg and Rowley's grade to his party was to basically use them as servants. Angie Steadman only appears as an additional character in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid", "id": "7861398" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , more than 200 million copies have been sold globally. The first, , and installments", "id": "15219638" }, { "contents": "Jeff Kinney (author)\n\n\nmovie diaries and a Do-It-Yourself Book. In April 2009, \"TIME\" named Kinney one of \"The World's Most Influential People\". In 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016 the series won a \"Nickelodeon Kids Choice Award\" for \"Favorite Book\". Kinney works full-time as a writer/illustrator. He also created the kid-friendly website \"Poptropica\" which includes two islands called \"Wimpy Wonderland\" and \"Wimpy Boardwalk\", where the \"", "id": "20461466" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\nof them are good at fighting. The teenagers from Halloween arrive at the scene and catch the boys, forcing Rowley to eat the Cheese before a teacher chases them off. When the other kids notice that the Cheese has been eaten, Greg takes the fall for Rowley by saying he ate it. This mends their friendship as Greg invites Rowley to play at his house. At the end of the school year, Greg and Rowley make the yearbook Class Favorites page as \"Cutest Friends\". Filming of \"Diary of a", "id": "20147538" }, { "contents": "Diary\n\n\nDiary of John Major Aged 47¾\" and written as a pastiche of the Adrian Mole diaries from the perspective of the then-Prime Minister John Major. Another famous example of fictional diaries as prose is Bram Stoker's \"Dracula\". A modern example includes the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series where each book of the series is written in a first-person view of the main character, as if the book were an actual diary. Other examples are the \"Bert Diaries\" and the cellphone diaries in the", "id": "16962418" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nof a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\". Alterations made to the books include her talent for both wrestling and playing tennis. She snatches any opportunity to assault Greg somehow while engaged in either sport with him. She is played by Laine MacNeil. Heather Hills is the attractive elder sister of Holly Elizabeth Hills, with whom Rodrick is infatuated. A minor character in the books, but the main antagonist in the third film, Heather is only featured in several books as the object of Greg's unrequited infatuation. However, she", "id": "7861378" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\n. Some make no sense, for example, he said a man got decapitated when he sneezed. Albert has appeared in \"The Last Straw,\" \"The Ugly Truth,\" \"Old School,\" \"Double Down,\" and \"The Meltdown.\" Only appearing in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", Mr. Ira is a teacher at Greg's middle school who is on the school newspaper adult staff, and enlists a replacement comic strip for the newspaper. He was made fun of in a comic strip", "id": "7861382" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid\n\n\nawards and praise. A film of the same name was released on March 19, 2010. The sequel to the film is \"\", followed by \"\" and \"\". Greg Heffley clarifies that \"this is a JOURNAL, not a diary.\" He then explains that he only agreed to write in one for when he's \"rich and famous,\" and \"for now, I'm stuck in middle school with a bunch of morons.\" Greg then discusses the Cheese at his school. It started", "id": "19903158" }, { "contents": "The Popularity Papers\n\n\ndemographic. There are many examples of similarly formatted children's novels that have seen commercial success, such as the extremely well known \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" amongst many others. On top of relating to youth experiences in school, the format of \"The Popularity Papers\" also assists young readers in comprehending the storyline and providing visual aid to complement any struggles. The viability of the journal-type format in children's books has proven to be a successful concept, seen notably by the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid", "id": "11817295" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nor intended audience, has listed \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" in its top 150, peaking at number 8, for 141 weeks as of April 4, 2010. As of the same date, \"Rodrick Rules\" has been on the list for 117 weeks (peaking at number 4), \"The Last Straw\" has been on the list for 65 weeks (peaking at number 1), \"Dog Days\" has been on the list for all 25 weeks of its publication (peaking at number 1)", "id": "15219644" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\nday. Frank is also getting jealous of the neighbor's athletic kids, and after his video game ban, Susan forces Frank and Greg to bond with each other, but their bonding activities end in disaster. A few weeks later, Greg's best friend, Rowley Jefferson, takes Greg to the local country club, where his family are members of. Greg enjoys the lifestyle there and the fact that his crush, Holly Hills, teaches tennis there and he doesn't have to go to the book club. Greg returns", "id": "19516191" }, { "contents": "Melissa Roxburgh\n\n\ntennis player. Her parents, after moving to Canada, founded a church in Vancouver. Roxburgh's father is originally from Chicago, making her a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. After graduating from high school, Roxburgh began pursuing acting in Vancouver. She landed her first major role in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\" as Rachel. She went on to also appear in the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" sequel \"Dog Days\" but as a different character, Heather Hills. Her", "id": "10611008" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid\n\n\nis forced to eat the whole thing. The next day, when everyone notices that the Cheese is gone, Greg lies that he threw it away. However, people now think he has the Cheese Touch. The book concludes with Greg getting his yearbook, seeing Rowley on the \"Class Clown\" page, and throwing it in the garbage. In 2004, FunBrain and Jeff Kinney released an online version of \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\". The website made daily entries until June 2005. The book became an instant", "id": "19903167" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid\n\n\n, which convinced Kinney and Kochman that it would be better aimed toward children. In 2007, \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", an abridged version of the original online book, was published. The main character, Greg, has trouble with family, friends, and his local middle school. He is very concerned about how popular he is at school, and he daydreams a lot about being rich and famous when he grows up. He tries to fit in at his school, but usually he does not succeed.", "id": "19903169" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\nand Dylan Walters. Manny has similar traits to those of Farley Drexel \"Fudge\" Hatcher. Rodrick is Greg's formerly aggressive older brother. He is the drummer in a garage band called \"Löded Diper\" (loaded diaper), noted for their substandard heavy metal concerts and limited musical abilities. Rodrick is not an exception to Frank's notorious distrust of all teenagers. In Diary of a Wimpy kid, (the originals) Rodrick pranked his youngest brother. Rodrick is infamous for his stereotypical rebellious nature, feigning illness in", "id": "7861324" }, { "contents": "Diary of an Awesome Friendly Kid: Rowley Jefferson's Journal\n\n\nDiary of an Awesome Friendly Kid: Rowley Jefferson's Journal is a spin-off of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series by Jeff Kinney. Unlike the main-series books, which are written from the perspective of Greg Heffley, \"Diary of an Awesome Friendly Kid\" is written from the perspective of Greg's best friend, Rowley Jefferson, acting as Greg's biographer. The book was released on April 9, 2019. Rowley starts his diary by explaining that he started writing in one because his best", "id": "6600050" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School\n\n\nwill want to use the shack as well, so he continues to spread rumors about Silas Scratch. The book was announced on March 9, 2015. The cover, color, and title were revealed on April 27, 2015 during a live stream co-hosted by Jeff Kinney, with appearances from Robert Capron live on stage, and Zachary Gordon through a video call. At the 2015 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event, Jeff Kinney stated that the book is black because he believes that black is a cartoonist's", "id": "18534537" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\n\n\nOn Metacritic, the film has a score of 54 out of 100 based on 22 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale. Abby West of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B+ and wrote \"Though often self-centered and conniving, Greg remains a likable kid, and the movie entertains by pulling off over-the-top scenarios that set up digestible life lessons for youngsters.\" OregonLive.com", "id": "19516203" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\nRichard Roeper of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave it a positive review saying, \"A little less wimpy, gives value lessons to the watchers from the cast, and still pretty funny\" and a B rating. Pete Hammond of \"Boxoffice\" magazine gave it a mixed review stating \"Even better than the first edition, in its own sitcom-ish ways.\" However, Michael O'Sullivan of \"The Washington Post\" gave it a negative review (38 on Metacritic), stating \"You can't fault", "id": "20091898" }, { "contents": "32nd Young Artist Awards\n\n\nWarner Bros. Pictures ★ - \"Little Fockers\" - Universal Pictures ★ - \"Gunless\" - Alliance Films ★ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" - Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation ★ (tie) Robert Naylor - \"10½\" - Canada (French)br ★ (tie) - \"The Precinct\" - Azerbaijan ★ - \"Alone\" - Independent ★ - \"Make Believer\" - Independent ★ Dawson Dunbar - \"Little Big Kid\" - Independent ★ - \"The Perfect Gift for Flora\" - Independent ★ Brennan Bailey -", "id": "13283204" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\n\n\nKid\" was well received from \"The Princeton Review\", \"Gold Card Association\", \"The Dallas News\", \"The TRR Editors\", \"The NW Press\", and \"The JJ Printing Company\". \"The New York Times\", which ranks children's serials collectively on a \"Series Books\" bestseller list, has included the \"Wimpy Kid\" series for 64 weeks as of August 10, 2015. \"USA Today\", which ranks best sellers based on sales alone regardless of genre", "id": "15219643" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nnext day, the Heffleys attend a country fair where Manny wins a pig. Mr. Beardo and his family notices Greg and chases after him but outruns yet again. Back on the road, the Heffleys, unable to take care of the pig, drop it off at the petting zoo, much to Manny's dismay, but not before Greg reroutes the GPS to the Player Expo convention. Checking at the hotel room, Greg and Rodrick sneak out to go to Player Expo with the excuse that they are getting Meemaw a present", "id": "14202169" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nthat Manny was allowed to keep his pig as a pet, Rodrick was able to get a new van, and Dad was able to explain having time off from work to bond with family. Greg expresses excitement for where they'll be going next year, but Susan steps in to say that they will be flying. In the post credit scene Greg, Rodrick and Rowley took selfies with two teenage girls, who recognize Greg from the \"diaper hands\" meme. In 2012, the series' third entry, \"\"", "id": "14202176" }, { "contents": "Alf Humphreys\n\n\nDrake in the blockbuster film \"X2\" (2003). He also starred in two horror films directed by William Fruet: \"Funeral Home\" (1980) and \"Bedroom Eyes\" (1984). He also played supporting parts in such films as \"Act of Vengeance\" (1986), \"Ernest Rides Again\" (1993), \"Luna: Spirit of the Whale\" (2007) and \"\" (2003). In 2010, he appeared in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" as Robert", "id": "3000884" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\n\n\n's mom dances, which means Rodrick has nothing to send to record labels. Rodrick accuses Greg for the incident and they get into a fight, but their parents send both to their rooms. Later Rodrick has revealed what happened to Greg over the summer to his friends. When Greg says that at Leisure Towers the retirement house where their grandfather lives, Rodrick takes Greg's diary and made a run for it but trips on a board game. Greg grabs the diary, runs to the toilet and tries to destroy it but", "id": "6682915" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid\n\n\na Wimpy Kid\" is the first book in an ongoing franchise. The second, \"\", was released February 1, 2008, and was listed on the \"New York Times\" Best Sellers list for 117 weeks. \"\", the third book in the series, released on January 13, 2009 was on the \"New York Times\" Best Sellers list for 65 weeks, peaking at number one. \"\", which was released in October 12, 2009, was ranked at number one on the \"New", "id": "19903172" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\n\n\nHolly is visiting her grandmother. Holly tells Greg that she can relate to Greg about siblings giving her a hard time; however, siblings will eventually get over it. Holly also reveals she is more patient and mature than her two sisters. The next day, to humiliate Greg, Rodrick reads and steals Greg's diary — in which Greg has written about his crush on Holly — and attempts to hand it over to Holly. Greg, with only his underwear on, chases after Rodrick and takes the diary back, but", "id": "20091887" }, { "contents": "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters\n\n\n, he is stuck chaperoning the group of extra kids (which includes Rowley and Greg), much to Greg's dismay. Later, Rowley adds poison ivy to a fire started by him and he has problems breathing on the next morning, which means he and Rowley (Who had spots on his body) would be going back home. In the film series, Mr. Jefferson has not spoken until the third film, implying that he is a man of a few words. Mrs. Jefferson is Rowley's mother. She often", "id": "7861362" }, { "contents": "Chloë Grace Moretz\n\n\n) and the children's comedy film \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" (2010). Moretz' breakthrough came in 2010 with her critically acclaimed performances as Hit-Girl in the superhero film \"Kick-Ass\" and as a child vampire in the horror film \"Let Me In\". She then starred in Martin Scorsese's historical adventure film \"Hugo\" (2011), Tim Burton's horror comedy film \"Dark Shadows\" (2012), the satirical sitcom \"30 Rock\" (2011–13), reprised", "id": "10139359" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\n\n\nthe third novel, \"\", instead he would like to see \"\" adapted into an animated film, stating in an interview, \"I hope that it gets made into an animated movie. but I'd really like to see it turn into an animated television special.\" In 2016, it was announced that a live-action film adaptation of the ninth book \"\" was in development, and would be featuring a completely new cast playing the Heffleys. The film was released on May 17, 2017, in", "id": "14202179" }, { "contents": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\n\n\ntheir entire runs. The film grossed $64,003,625 in North America and $11,696,873 in other territories for a worldwide total of $75,700,498. Three sequels were released in 2011, 2012 and 2017 respectively. \"\" was released on March 25, 2011. It was based on the second book in the series, . Zachary Gordon reprised his role in the film. \"\" was released on August 3, 2012 and is based on \"\" and \"\", including scenes from both books. An animated short film, ,", "id": "20147547" }, { "contents": "Forever the Sickest Kids\n\n\n\"Crazy Train\" by Ozzy Osbourne. In March, a version of \"What Do You Want from Me\" with slight editing of the lyrics was used in the ending credits of the film \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\". The band then released two prequel videos to its single and music video \"She Likes (Bittersweet Love)\" on its YouTube account in April. The official full music video was released on April 19. As soon as it was released, it was selected as \"Kerrang!\"s video of the", "id": "20234923" } ]

[ { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\nlighting rig\". According to Christina Vinson of Townsquare Media's blog site, The Boot, the video, which presents a song from the perspective of \"a parent sending their child into the world\", will resonate across a wide-ranging audience. McGraw, who has three daughters with his wife Faith Hill had just sent his oldest daughter off to college in the fall before the song was released. \"Humble and Kind\" first entered Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart at No. 45 for chart dated February 6", "id": "21725520" }, { "contents": "Lori McKenna\n\n\nmade it into a single and the song received Grammy nominations for both Song of the Year and Best Country Song, winning the latter in 2016. The song was also nominated for Song of the Year Song at the Academy of Country Music Awards, and won Song of the Year at the Country Music Association Awards. McKenna won another Grammy the next year for Best Country Song for \"Humble and Kind\" performed by Tim McGraw. McKenna wrote the song as \"lullaby, guidebook, and tribute\" to her five children.", "id": "6403708" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\n\"Humble and Kind\" is a song written by Lori McKenna and first released by American singer Tim McGraw on January 20, 2016, as the second single from his 14th studio album, \"Damn Country Music\". McKenna later recorded her rendition of the song for her eighth studio album, \"The Bird and the Rifle\", released in July 2016. Among several other wins and nominations, the song won the award for Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, \"Video of the Year\" at the", "id": "21725514" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\nhttp://stayhumbleandkind.com) intended to gather related stories about acts of kindness that have been shared with the hashtag #stayhumbleandkind. The day after the music video was released, Winfrey tweeted her approval of the video, saying \"TIM, I love this song. Every word feels true.\" McGraw performed the song on the April 3, 2016 ACM Awards. A bound edition of \"Humble and Kind\" was released on May 17, 2016, in conjunction with graduation season by Hachette Books. In addition to the lyrics and illustrations,", "id": "21725518" }, { "contents": "The Bird and the Rifle\n\n\nto McKenna by the co-owner of her production company who wanted to encourage McKenna to record a new album despite the fact she didn't see her number of releases \"increasing anytime soon\". Of the decision to include \"Humble and Kind\", McKenna and Cobb were both in agreement. Humble and Kind was covered by Tim McGraw for his 2015 album Damn Country Music. McGraw's version won the American Music Award for Favourite Country Song as well as the CMT Award for Video of the Year. Credits adapted from", "id": "21878958" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\nthem. McGraw and frequent collaborator Byron Gallimore co-produced the song. On July 8, 2016, Lori McKenna released her rendition of \"Humble and Kind\" as a single from her album, \"The Bird and the Rifle\", released on July 29, 2016. McGraw released the video to the song on his Facebook page on January 21, 2016. At the time of the video release, the song was expected to be released as the second single from the album in early February. The video was the", "id": "21725516" }, { "contents": "In God's Hands (song)\n\n\nis plaintive and sweet; he's a pure songsmith, with an extremely humble tone to his voice... He's right on the border of country, roots and pop. He really defies description, and those are my favorite kinds of artists.\" Sean Fennessey of \"Pitchfork\" criticized the songwriting on the chorus and wrote that, \"If \"Promiscuous\" is one of the fiercest songs of lust in recent memory, \"In God's Hands\" is one of the limpest.\" Jonathan Keefe of \"Slant\"", "id": "13615396" }, { "contents": "Frank Lascelles (pageant master)\n\n\nOrpheus\", a volume of essays paying tribute to Lascelles. Lascelles had always been anxious to hide his humble origins, and built a new manor house for himself in Sibford Gower, modeled on a medieval design. He was well-connected, and regularly entertained guests such as Ivor Novello, who wrote the popular song \"Keep the Home Fires Burning\" while staying with Lascelles in Sibford. Towards the end of his life, ill health restricted Lascelles' finances and he died in poverty on 23 May 1934 in rented rooms", "id": "14469476" }, { "contents": "Lori McKenna\n\n\nnext album \"Lorraine\" in 2011. Since then, McKenna has become \"one of the industry’s most in-demand songwriters.\" She has written songs for artists including Sara Evans, Reba McEntire, Tim McGraw, Carrie Underwood, and Keith Urban. She wrote 10 songs that made it to the Billboard Hot Country list, including Hunter Hayes’s \"I Want Crazy,\" Faith Hill’s \"Stealing Kisses,\" Tim McGraw’s \"Humble and Kind,\" and Little Big Town’s \"Your Side of", "id": "6403706" }, { "contents": "In the House of Stone and Light (album)\n\n\n, there is as there always is trouble in the world, and I really wrote it as a wish song.\" Also stated in the EPK by Page, about the song \"I Was Made For You\": \"I did a song called 'I Was Made For You' and that song has a distinct kind of Gaelic feel to it.\" For the song \"Light In Your Heart\", Page states: \"There's a song called 'A Light In Your Heart' which I wrote with Bernie", "id": "9619615" }, { "contents": "The Bodyguard (soundtrack)\n\n\nand live performances of the songs from subsequent tours. The album's release coincided with a tribute to Houston and the music of \"The Bodyguard\" at the American Music Awards on Nov. 19 on ABC as performed by Christina Aguilera. Ahead of the performance, Aguilera wrote on Instagram, “I am excited, honored and humbled to perform a tribute to one of my idols.” All songs performed by Whitney Houston, except where noted. Notes \"I Will Always Love You\" \"I Have Nothing\" \"I'm", "id": "16698218" }, { "contents": "Who Came First\n\n\nChristgau wrote: \"Townshend sounds as relaxed in this rather folkish Meher Baba tribute cum 'gynormouse ego trip' as Paul McCartney in his do-it-yourself studio, and a lot less self-absorbed—other musical gurumongers sound 'Content' (title of worst song here), but Pete seems happy, too. So much so that some of this music is a little lightweight—expressing the kind of undiscriminating joy in the everyday one might expect from somebody who considers 'You always were, you always are", "id": "19615545" }, { "contents": "Abby Wambach\n\n\nsaid in an interview. \"Growing up as the youngest of seven was like being in a team environment, you learn all kinds of things ... I learned how to compete, my brothers and sisters always played with me on the same level and they never let me win until I was better than them and deserved it. Being in such a big family makes you humble. You might have a certain skill or talent but there is always someone who is better at something than you.\" Wambach recalls being toughened up by", "id": "16792440" }, { "contents": "John Liptrot Hatton\n\n\nthese little compositions and publish them in a consolidated form. The kindness of my friends in restoring me some of my MSS. has enabled me to do this, and I now send these songs forth into the world, satisfied if they should be the means, in however humble a degree, of adding to the material of musical enjoyment, or of contributing anything to the regeneration of the popular taste in an important department of chamber music.' It was also during the 1840s that he wrote \"Simon the Cellarer\",", "id": "12555479" }, { "contents": "Orpheus (song)\n\n\n, similar to that of the film \"Y Tu Mama Tambien\". Wheeler has said that, \"The song's sort of based on this idea of like a Mexican road song sort of thing. I wrote it after watching this Mexican movie where these two kids go on this road trip with this girl, it's a rights of passage kind of thing. So I always thought it had this Mexican flavour, in fact when we first wrote the song it was called 'Dirty Sanchez' for a while!\"", "id": "3375818" }, { "contents": "The Man Who Sold the World\n\n\ncommented: \"I guess I wrote it because there was a part of myself that I was looking for. Maybe now that I feel more comfortable with the way that I live my life and my mental state (laughs) and my spiritual state whatever, maybe I feel there's some kind of unity now. That song for me always exemplified kind of how you feel when you're young, when you know that there's a piece of yourself that you haven't really put together yet. You have this great searching", "id": "4606010" }, { "contents": "A Working Man Can't Get Nowhere Today\n\n\nhis 1999 memoir \"My House of Memories\", Haggard titled one of the chapters after the song and stated, \"I later wrote 'The Runnin' Kind,' a song that, in essence, says I've always been running, for no particular reason. There is a restlessness in my soul that I've never conquered...\" Another outtake is \"Goodbye Lefty,\" his touching tribute to his hero Lefty Frizzell, who died in 1975. \"Blues for Dixie\" and especially the cover of Hank Williams", "id": "14867943" }, { "contents": "Diamonds in the Rough (album)\n\n\ndifference of who was playing. On tape or when we did it live. And I realized a large part of what he was doing was making it sound like I was playing the good part. And that’s basically the kind of guy he was.\" Prine admitted to \"Bluerailroad\" that he borrowed the melody for \"The Late John Garfield Blues\" from the Jimmie Rodgers song \"Treasures Untold\", stating \"It's a really pretty ballad that he wrote. I learned that song early on and I always", "id": "19636751" }, { "contents": "Amorfoda\n\n\nBad Bunny wrote \"Amorfoda\" a long time before his rise to fame. In an interview for \"Billboard\", he said: \"I've always loved this song because I wrote it with a lot of sentiment behind it. It's the kind of record that reminds me of the longevity of really good songs. A good song never gets old. It was just a matter of time, and it was time to come out with something different.\" The track's title arose when the singer was searching for", "id": "2250547" }, { "contents": "Beekeeper's Daughter\n\n\nabout a guy who thinks he can get away with anything and always have a girl there waiting for him,\" Ritter says. \"He never backs down from that opinion. At the end of it, he's even stronger and more snide and thinks he's invincible no matter what. He's an asshole, but at that point in my life, I was kind of an asshole. As we were making Kids in the Street, I went from that to being a completely humbled guy who's looking at his", "id": "16434018" }, { "contents": "All My Loving\n\n\nvenue he then wrote the music on a piano backstage. He also said \"It was the first song [where] I'd ever written the words first. I never wrote words first, it was always some kind of accompaniment. I've hardly ever done it since either.\" The lyrics follow the \"letter song\" model as used on \"P.S. I Love You\", the B-side of their first single. McCartney originally envisioned it as a country & western song, and George Harrison added a Nashville", "id": "21846869" }, { "contents": "Hunger Strike (song)\n\n\nStrike\" and I had this feeling it was just kind of gonna be filler, it didn't feel like a real song. Eddie was sitting there kind of waiting for a (Mookie Blaylock) rehearsal and I was singing parts, and he kind of humbly—but with some balls—walked up to the mic and started singing the low parts for me because he saw it was kind of hard. We got through a couple choruses of him doing that and suddenly the light bulb came on in my head,", "id": "19411688" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\nresult of a brainstorm McGraw had while running on a treadmill and seeing a 30-second trailer for Oprah Winfrey's \"Belief\" series. After taking some initiative, McGraw got Winfrey to avail footage for the video. The video, which was directed by Wes Edwards, featured scenes from around the world from Winfrey's fall 2015 documentary series. The video won the top honor, \"Video of the Year\", at the 2016 CMT Music Awards. The song and video of \"Humble and Kind\" has its own website (", "id": "21725517" }, { "contents": "Britney Spears\n\n\n, commented, \"I know from Denniz Pop and Max's previous productions, when we do songs, there's kind of a nasal thing. With N' Sync and the Backstreet Boys, we had to push for that mid-nasal voice. When Britney did that, she got this kind of raspy, sexy voice.\" Guy Blackman of \"The Age\" wrote that \"[t]he thing about Spears, though, is that her biggest songs, no matter how committee-created or impossibly polished, have always", "id": "3018637" }, { "contents": "Norman Godman\n\n\ncareer was characterised by “a special kind of integrity.” ”An old-fashioned socialist whose values were marked by a belief in social justice and world peace, he argued for his values with a consistency which always made him a prisoner of his own conscience. He never sought moral high grounds or to ever promote himself above his values. “He was humble, hard-working, sought to do right by those who needed his advocacy. “He was a model public servant who gave Parliament his hard work,", "id": "2679126" }, { "contents": "Leungli\n\n\nwas opposite in character and personality to her sisters. She was a diligent, kind, honest and humble girl who did all the housework, such as laundry, cooking and cleaning. Her older sisters were lazy, rude, mean, glamorous, proud and envious girls who were always ordering their youngest sister around. One day, the youngest sister loses some of her older sisters' clothes while doing the daily laundry on the river. The older sisters scolded her severely and told her not to come home until she has found", "id": "4337968" }, { "contents": "James Horner\n\n\nan amazing person with a huge heart and unbelievable talent [who] died doing what he loved.\" Many celebrities, including Russell Crowe, Diane Warren and Celine Dion, also gave their condolences. Dion, who sang \"My Heart Will Go On\", one of Horner's most popular compositions and considered Dion's signature song, wrote on her website that she and husband René Angélil were \"shaken by the tragic death\" of their friend and \"will always remember his kindness and great talent that changed [her]", "id": "11310971" }, { "contents": "Kirk Farmer\n\n\n\"The Kind\" and they specialized in performing bluesy and rocked up versions Grateful Dead covers. Farmer has always maintained that Jerry Garcia and Bob Weir were two of his major musical influences. As a gift from his girlfriend on his seventeenth birthday, he received his first electric guitar. He began to teach himself to play by memorizing the fingering charts of Grateful Dead songs. He also took guitar playing tips from and wrote his first songs with recording artist Lee Graham (\"Jazz Poets Society\", Sony Records), who", "id": "14862806" }, { "contents": "Fall in Line\n\n\nLovato's second Grammy nomination. Aguilera described the song: \"I wrote 'Fall in Line' a few years ago before all this news came out [Time's Up and Me Too movement]. It was the song that needed to be heard. Because of what I witnessed when I was growing up I always felt really driven to have a voice that my mom kind of never had in my childhood. So I've always wanted to be that advocate for women and anybody that was struggling to have their own voice", "id": "4491539" }, { "contents": "Jethro Tull (band)\n\n\nRadio, Anderson insisted, \"I always said at the time, this is not a concept album. It's an album of varied songs...in which three or four are kind of the keynote pieces for the album, but it doesn't make it a concept album.\" In response to the many critics who called \"Aqualung\" a concept album, Anderson decided to \"come up with something that really is the mother of all concept albums\". He had become influenced by Monty Python's humour, and wrote", "id": "12130178" }, { "contents": "Denys Carnill\n\n\nall but within three weeks of his Birthday he had died. Three comments in those greetings sum up the man who was Denys Carnill. The first comment was \"… [Denys] has always been the most humble of men despite being one of Britain's most prominent Olympians and undoubtedly one of its Hockey Superstars …\" The second observed: \"… A warm and kind person, incredibly sincere and down to earth …\" The last said 'I loved working with Denys and I found him an inspiration as a person.", "id": "18750699" }, { "contents": "Humble Negro Cemetery\n\n\nof their dead to another location, outside the city limits. Starting in 1933, blacks began to move out of Humble and by 1935, almost all had. There used to be a sawmill north of Humble that was owned by Mr. Bender, one of the founders of Humble. Blacks migrated from Gladysville, Cleveland, Splendora and Fastoria to work there. Also, Mr. Borders had a sawmill west of Humble. He was kind to the African-American people who worked for him and gave them some property to live on", "id": "21683746" }, { "contents": "In the Mood (Rush song)\n\n\nthe first song he wrote with Lifeson that they \"kind of liked\". Lifeson said It \"was probably at least two years old, if not three, when we recorded the first album\". He also said: \"Ged came in and said, 'I've got a good idea for a song' and played it from beginning to end\". The song was always performed in concert (often in a medley, and usually near the end of the final encore) until the 1992 Roll the Bones Tour", "id": "18585637" }, { "contents": "Giuseppe Cocconi\n\n\nGiuseppe enjoyed the respect of great physicists in the world. As a man of culture and vision, he was very curious and attentive to what was going on in the world, and not only in the field of physics. Very kind and always ready to listen, straightforward but humble in his relations with his colleagues, always ready to admire other people’s success, he was happy to share his knowledge with juniors. His refusal of association with academies, and his lack of interest in prizes and honours, as well as", "id": "56058" }, { "contents": "These Humble Machines\n\n\nThese Humble Machines is a compilation album by American electronic musician BT, composed of edited versions of songs from his album \"These Hopeful Machines\". Released on April 26, 2011, the album was released with the intention of making the album more accessible for newer listeners while still displaying the same technical prowess found in its predecessor. The album features some radio edits (\"Suddenly\", \"Always\") while also liberally using splice editing and fade-outs to edit down songs (\"The Emergency\", \"Every", "id": "11475678" }, { "contents": "Bluebirds Flying High\n\n\nfan of Cardiff City since 1983 when he was a ball boy during a league match at Ninian Park, wrote the song following Cardiff's third round victory against non-league side Chasetown in January 2008. He said in an interview with the Western Mail that \"[The song] didn't take long to write. Being a Cardiff fan, it kind of wrote itself. I’ve always wanted to play for Cardiff but that was never going to happen so every year I just thought if they get to have a Cup", "id": "6446337" }, { "contents": "Change Your Life (Little Mix song)\n\n\n\"Shields Gazette\" who were at the tour's date at the Newcastle City Hall, wrote that the crowd chanted the group's name until they re-appeared for the performance of the song. A writer for newspaper praised the performance, \"It was an all-round stunning performance from a band, who are destined to be huge [all over the world].\" Lewis Corner of Digital Spy who was at the tour's date at the Hammersmith Apollo, opined, \"The girls seemed genuinely humbled by the", "id": "12078874" }, { "contents": "Let It Down\n\n\nfascinated by the god Krishna who was always surrounded by young maidens. He came back from India [in June 1968] wanting to be some kind of Krishna figure, a spiritual being with lots of concubines. He actually said so.\" Harrison wrote \"Let It Down\" in late 1968. The song features the same major-seventh chord voicings that intrigued Bob Dylan during that year's Thanksgiving holidays, when the two musicians collaborated on \"I'd Have You Anytime\" in upstate New York. In the absence of", "id": "500642" }, { "contents": "Funny Face (Donna Fargo song)\n\n\nRoland in The Billboard Book of Number One Country Hits that she originally offered comedian George Lindsey the chance to record the song first, but he turned it down. \"It was a natural song for me to write, 'cause my husband used to call me 'funny face' and I used to call him 'fuzzy face' because he always wore a beard,\" she told Roland. \"It was just kind of a little song to him.\" She wrote 16 verses to it but decided to use only the", "id": "15229367" }, { "contents": "Sincerity Is Scary\n\n\nband's lead singer stated that he wrote the song because of the difficulty one faces when being sincere. He elaborated that \"you have to be really human and you have to be really soppy and bit of a sigh [...] And it’s easier to be ironic in the face of those situations [...] And then, I suppose I just noticed myself doing that, because I think I’ve always been kind of a positive person, and I kind of wanted to denounce, a little bit, and be", "id": "6385866" }, { "contents": "Saryara\n\n\nto a religious minded family Sh Koli Sagotra and Smt Nanti Devi, the Sidh Ji came true to his childhood name i.e. Atma Ram. He inherited religious and kind nature besides humbleness by remaining close to his mother who was a god fearing and pious lady. Coming events cast their shadows before and Atma Ram as the name suggests itself the child while entering to youthdom showed more inclination towards religious rituals and God. He always was seen involved in supreme being and making people aware of the supreme and was popularly known as Sidh (", "id": "8856752" }, { "contents": "Bleed Like Me\n\n\nfor \"The A.V. Club\", Nathan Rabin said the album's lyrics lacked an emotional punch. He wrote stating that it \"approaches a kind of shimmering technical perfection, but remains strangely, stubbornly uninvolving\". Betty Clarke of \"The Guardian\" wrote, \"while Manson's changeling vocals are always worth listening to, Garbage's songs often aren't.\" Philip Robertson of \"PopMatters\" stated the music sounds manufactured in its too-polished manner, and that \"much of what is brought to the fore on", "id": "9690846" }, { "contents": "No Angel (Beyoncé song)\n\n\nof \"Chicago Tribune\" noted it was \"[a]s discursive as 'Blow' is insistent\". Mesfin Fekadu of the Associated Press wrote that the singer \"declares she's a freak\" in the falsetto-heavy song. \"No Angel\" has received generally favorable reviews from most music critics. Writing for BET, Latifah Muhammad deemed \"No Angel\" \"unapologetic and overflowing with the kind of candor that makes it a standout\". She further added, \"Since love isn't always black and white, this", "id": "16844362" }, { "contents": "Road to Nowhere\n\n\nwrite a song that presented a resigned, even joyful look at doom,\" recalls David Byrne in the liner notes of \"\". \"At our deaths and at the apocalypse… (always looming, folks). I think it succeeded. The front bit, the white gospel choir, is kind of tacked on, 'cause I didn't think the rest of the song was enough… I mean, it was only two chords. So, out of embarrassment, or shame, I wrote an intro section that had", "id": "7649013" }, { "contents": "What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song)\n\n\nThe song builds slowly and breaks into a heavy beat with tambourine and bass drum, and then becomes a textured pop song with heavy brass arrangements. The song lyrically focuses on an indecisive man who wronged Welch. \"What Kind of Man\" received acclaim from music critics. Al Horner of \"NME\" wrote, \"Musically, it's \"big\". Wagnerian backing vocals and horn blasts turn 'What Kind Of Man' into a spectacle worthy of [Welch's] new festival headliner status\". Dee Lockett of", "id": "3787624" }, { "contents": "Captain Jack (Billy Joel song)\n\n\n\" By 1980, \"Captain Jack\" had mostly disappeared from Joel's concert setlists. Nevertheless, he always played it in Philadelphia, because he never forgot the role the song and the city played in his early career. A version recorded at The Spectrum in July 1980 was used on his live album, \"Songs in the Attic\". Joel wrote, \"'Captain Jack' plays with much more power and conviction when a roaring Philadelphia audience sets off a kind of internal explosion and the adrenaline screams through our veins", "id": "1170415" }, { "contents": "Ralph Agas\n\n\nbodily weakness of the same Radulph Agas, one of the defendants, he saith, that as he received the same by the providence of God in his mother's wombe, so hath he always with humble thanks to his Creator willingly borne and suffered that his infirmity\". The outcome of the case is again not known, but Agas appears to have escaped long-term imprisonment through the intervention of Thomas Browne, the royal farmer of Payne's lands, who wrote to Robert Cecil (son of Lord Burghley) on his", "id": "12175216" }, { "contents": "Jaan Kross\n\n\nBalthasar Russow (1543–1602), who wrote the Livonian Chronicle. The chronicle describes the political horse-trading between the various countries and churches of the day. The Estonians, mostly of peasant stock in those days, always ended up as piggy in the middle. There were also three outbreaks of the bubonic plague to contend with. Russow was the humble son of a peasant, but became a German-speaking clergyman, which was a big step up in society. The fact that he could read, let alone write a", "id": "3387079" }, { "contents": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)\n\n\ngreat people. There was an awareness that things would never be quite the same again - and Cilla Black was part of that.\" Bacharach went on to say: \"The great thing about the British is that they've always 'got' my songs right away. They are also one of the most loyal audiences in the world. I think Cilla reflected that kind of ability. She understood the song and she had a kind of long-term stickability, which is so very hard to achieve in this business.", "id": "17631305" }, { "contents": "I Kissed a Girl (Glee)\n\n\n\"a strain on his voice\" and the presentation \"another cookie-cutter classroom setting\". \"BuddyTV\" John Kubicek called it the \"kind of song Puck should always do.\" Finn's performance of \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\" received the most commentary. Bell wrote that \"his cover of Greg Laswell's cover\" of the Lauper song \"may just be my favorite Finn solo ever\". Kubicek described the \"slowed-down, acoustic version\" as \"insanely good\", and Flandez", "id": "1404869" }, { "contents": "Black Gives Way to Blue\n\n\nalso pointed out that there's a lot of things in the song that aren't specifically about that and other people can relate to. \"Last of My Kind\" is the only song in the album that features William DuVall singing lead vocals without harmonizing with Cantrell, who only sings back up vocals in the song. DuVall also wrote the lyrics and the melody of the song. DuVall wrote a song called \"Tongue Tied\" about his friend Sean Costello, who died by suicide in 2008, but the song was cut", "id": "6130324" }, { "contents": "Jeff Green (writer)\n\n\n, under the direction of designer Rod Humble. The two met when Humble was a guest on \"GFW Radio\", and when considering where to work and who to work with, Humble was \"at the top of my list\". Green described him as being \"a totally brilliant, smart, funny guy, and those are the kinds of people we like to be around.\" Monday, September 22, 2008 was Green's first official day as an employee of Electronic Arts. Green began contributing to an unannounced", "id": "12000718" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\n, 2016. In late March, the song became McGraw's fifty-second Top 10 country hit. Tim McGraw performed the song at the 2016 ACM Awards, which pushed its sales to 64,000 for the week, as well as the song's ranking to No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs, his 26th No. 1 on the chart. The single was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on September 20, 2016. The song reached its million sales mark in December 2016, and has sold 1,252,000", "id": "21725521" }, { "contents": "Lori McKenna\n\n\nThe song was named Song of the Year at the 2016 CMA Awards and won favorite country song at the American Music Awards that same year. In 2017, \"Humble and Kind\" was nominated for Song of the Year and Single Record of the Year at the ACM Awards. McKenna was named Songwriter of the Year at the ACM's that same year. McKenna has received critical acclaim for her album, \"The Bird and the Rifle.\" The album was produced by Dave Cobb and was nominated for Best Americana Album at", "id": "6403709" }, { "contents": "Murder, She Wrote\n\n\nmistake to call it 'Murder, She Wrote,' because 'Murder, She Wrote' will always be about Cabot Cove and this wonderful little group of people who told those lovely stories and enjoyed a piece of that place, and also enjoyed Jessica Fletcher, who is a rare and very individual kind of person.\" Early on it was decided by producers that Spencer's character would not be named Jessica Fletcher, for only Lansbury could play Jessica Fletcher. It was announced on January 21, 2014, that the reboot", "id": "7090704" }, { "contents": "Shattari\n\n\ntimes and became a Mufti. Royals of that time came to him for opinion on complex religious issues. Fatwa of Mohammed Ghaus Gwaliori was also referred to him by Mughal ruler of that time, Sultan Mehmud. He lived a simple life and always kept humble profile. He used to share whatever came to him with the poor and the needy. He was buried at Wajihuddin's Tomb, built by one of his follower, Syed Murtuza Khan Bukhari, in Khanpur, Ahmedabad. He was a great saint who wrote many books", "id": "64003" }, { "contents": "Love Today\n\n\nSingles Chart, and was used for Austereo radio station network advertising. The song was nominated for a Grammy for Best Dance Recording at the 50th Grammy Awards but lost to Justin Timberlake's \"LoveStoned/I Think She Knows\". Love Today was written by Mika and produced by Greg Wells. He described the story behind the song in an interview with the Sun Newspaper, on 2 February 2007: \"I was really happy when I wrote this and when I'm in that kind of mood I always hope everyone else feels", "id": "17740013" }, { "contents": "Scott Siman\n\n\nEntertainment in 2014 to head up EMCo. EMCo Since 2014, Siman serves as President of EMCo which oversees the operations for Tim McGraw. Major successes include a performance by McGraw on the 2015 Oscars; a Clio Award for an integrated campaign for \"Humble and Kind\" helping propel the song to such honors as a Grammy for Best Country Song, CMA Song of the Year, NSAI Song of the Year and Favorite Country Song AMA's. Billboard Magazine named Siman one of their 2018 Power Players for his work with McGraw and", "id": "4293818" }, { "contents": "Thomas Winston\n\n\nProfessor of Physic at Gresham College on 25 October 1615, and held office till 1642. He then went abruptly to France, but returned in 1652. William Lenthall wrote to the Gresham committee on his behalf, and on 20 August 1652 he was restored to his professorship, which he held till his death. He had a large practice as a physician, and always kept an apothecary, who followed him humbly. He died on 24 October 1655. His works show anatomical reading as well as a practical acquaintance with the anatomy", "id": "760238" }, { "contents": "Kind of Blue\n\n\n(1973). In his book \"Kind of Blue: The Making of a Miles Davis Masterpiece\", writer Ashley Kahn wrote \"still acknowledged as the height of hip, four decades after it was recorded, \"Kind of Blue\" is the premier album of its era, jazz or otherwise. Its vapory piano introduction is universally recognized\". Producer Quincy Jones, one of Davis's longtime friends, wrote: \"That [\"Kind of Blue\"] will always be my music, man. I play \"", "id": "19247429" }, { "contents": "Kevin Carter (song)\n\n\nsong: 'It's quite a scratchy sound, but it's kind of complicated in its own humble way.' The song reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart on 12 October 1996, giving them a third straight top-ten hit, remaining in the charts for 8 weeks. The song's lyrics were written solely by missing band-member Richey Edwards. The trumpet instrumental, by Sean Moore, has been used as the theme music to the ITV Wales current affairs programme \"Wales This Week\". The", "id": "19396025" }, { "contents": "Here I Go (Syd Barrett song)\n\n\nsessions for \"The Madcap Laughs\", for the session on 17 April 1969, Barrett brought in fellow musicians Jerry Shirley, drummer with Humble Pie, and Willie Wilson, Jokers Wild's drummer, although for this occasion he was playing bass. Working in Abbey Road Studio 2, the musicians recorded \"No Man's Land\" together, then they recorded a song Barrett had written in a few minutes, \"Here I Go\" – the song required no overdubs of any kind. The session for these two songs only", "id": "1978926" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\n2016 CMT Music Awards, \"Song of the Year\" at 2016 CMA Awards and \"Country Song of the Year\" at 2016 American Music Awards. It has been certified platinum and reached the number one position on the country music charts in both Canada and the United States. The song was written by Lori McKenna. In an interview with CMT published in July 2016, McKenna revealed the song was written for her husband and their five kids and is her list of all the things she wanted to make sure she’d told", "id": "21725515" }, { "contents": "A Song for Simeon\n\n\nin his decline, \"When may I humbly claim that kind award, / And cares and labors cease?\" \"A Song for Simeon\" has been seen by the Reverend Robin Griffith-Jones, an Anglican cleric, as a tacit tribute by Eliot to his grandfather, \"for the last years of a grandfather whose faith his grandson has at last taken up for himself\". Scholars have identified allusions by Eliot to other biblical passages, including: \"A Song for Simeon\" is not considered by scholars and critics", "id": "7495103" }, { "contents": "Chalay Thay Saath\n\n\nmeanders so delightfully that it doesn’t much matter where we end up\". Hussain Tariq of Geo.Tv gave a rating of 3 out of 5 stars (6.5/10) and wrote, \"Though the film has its shortfalls, it is not difficult to look past them. \"Chalay Thay Saath\" is a feel-good movie – the kind we need more of to lift our cinema from its embryonic stage\". Sohail Javed of Fuchsia.Sg gave a positive review and wrote, \"Pure, clean, humble", "id": "8404989" }, { "contents": "Francisco de Paula Victor\n\n\n. One seminarian recognized later his merits: \"Victor was patient, always patient\" while another wrote that \"Victor always had hope\". It was because of his humble nature as well as his sheer determination to become a priest that he managed to win the sympathy of all. Victor was ordained to the priesthood on 14 June 1851 by Viçoso – himself now honored as Venerable – to the surprise of his fellow seminarians. Much of the population did not accept that a former black slave could be a priest and so refused", "id": "21856638" }, { "contents": "See the Light (Bo Bice album)\n\n\n\"It's a star-studded cast, and I'm the only one on there who's not famous,\" the ever-humble Bice joked. \"I picked and co-wrote the songs that if I was a guy who would be spending my hard-earned money buying an album I would want to hear.\" That means original back-to-basics Southern rock and country-tinged singer/songwriter tunes co-written with A.J. Croce (son of 1970s singer Jim Croce) and Chris Tompkins (", "id": "20616244" }, { "contents": "I Ain't Marching Anymore (song)\n\n\nthe Vietnam War was beginning to grow. The song criticizes all of American military history from the perspective of a weary soldier who has been present at every single war since the War of 1812. The chorus notes that \"it's always the old who lead us to the war, always the young to fall\" and asks whether the price of military victory has been too high. Ochs said of the song that it \"borders between pacifism and treason, combining the best qualities of both.\" He also wrote \"the", "id": "16751406" }, { "contents": "Tongdaeng\n\n\nis uncommon\", and in 2002 wrote an affectionate biography of her titled \"\"The Story of Tongdaeng\" (เรื่อง ทองแดง)\". The book is commonly referred to as a parable on many social topics. For instance, the King wrote that \"Tongdaeng is a respectful dog with proper manners; she is humble and knows protocol. She would always sit lower than the King; even when he pulls her up to embrace her, Tongdaeng would lower herself down on the floor, her ears in a respectful drooping position", "id": "2711314" }, { "contents": "Ksawery Pruszyński\n\n\na humble peasant's hut and a dinner in state with Stalin at the Kremlin. The New York Times wrote that Pruszyński \"possesses a knowledge of Russian language, culture and history shared by very few recent foreign visitors to the Soviet Union. Add to this a keenly observant eye, a style that is always readable and sometimes brilliant, and one has the ingredients of one of the most informative books that have appeared on the Soviet Union at war.\". He wrote about Gdańsk in 1946 after its destruction and reminisce about", "id": "3100078" }, { "contents": "Lori McKenna\n\n\nLori McKenna (née Giroux; born December 22, 1968) is an American folk, Americana, and country music singer, songwriter, and performer. In 2016, she was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year and won Best Country Song for co-writing the hit single \"Girl Crush\" performed by Little Big Town. In 2017, she again won Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards for writing \"Humble and Kind\" performed by Tim McGraw. McKenna along with Lady Gaga, Natalie", "id": "6403701" }, { "contents": "Palladian architecture\n\n\nall kinds of buildings from grand villas and public buildings to humble houses and farm sheds. The Palladian, Serlian, or Venetian window features largely in Palladio's work and is almost a trademark of his early career. There are two different versions of the motif; properly the simpler one is called a Venetian window, and a more elaborate and specific one a Palladian window or \"Palladian motif\", although this distinction is not always observed. The Venetian window has three parts: a central high round-arched opening, with", "id": "17024337" }, { "contents": "Atom Willard\n\n\ntrying to figure out what is and what isn’t going to work, not just for themselves but for music and for a band, what life’s going to be like on the road and all that kind of stuff. Everybody had enough experience to just buckle down and do the work. It really has made it easier than anything else.\" DeLonge remarked that Willard \"has always felt to me like the single largest score in music. He is a loyal, honest and humble friend, but an even better showman", "id": "20274494" }, { "contents": "Sisters of the Cenacle\n\n\nkind of unity is possible only when one can gaze on the world and on each other with God's eyes, when one can see God's goodness in all things. The apostolic service of the Cenacle Sisters is both awesome and humbling, because it always has to do with faith and prayer, and it touches on the deepest nature of the human person. It may take the form of retreats, spiritual direction, religious education, or other spiritual ministries. The Cenacle is located in seventeen countries: • Macau, China", "id": "5338036" }, { "contents": "The Unnatural (The X-Files)\n\n\nalso pleased, saying, \"I was proud of David for writing the script. I thought it was wonderful. He was kind and gentle and respectful and humble, and always tried to do his best.\" Initial reviews were positive. Eric Mink from the \"New York Daily News\", in a pre-premiere review, said that it \"ingeniously grafts classic \"X-Files\" story elements and wry, self-mocking wit onto a delightfully fresh premise\". The \"Lexington Herald-Leader\"s review was", "id": "5663418" }, { "contents": "Shake It Off\n\n\n\"NPR\" interview, Swift spoke about the lyrical message of the song in relation to her previous work and a desire to reclaim the \"narrative\": With the song 'Shake It Off,' I really wanted to kind of take back the narrative, and have more of a sense of humor about people who kind of get under my skin – and not let them get under my skin. There's a song that I wrote a couple years ago called \"Mean,\" where I addressed the same issue but", "id": "16127076" }, { "contents": "Dixie (song)\n\n\nwas left for the improvisational moment.\" The \"New York Clipper\" wrote in 1872 that \"[Emmett's] claim to authorship of 'Dixie' was and is still disputed, both in and out of the minstrel profession.\" Emmett himself said, \"Show people generally, if not always, have the chance to hear every local song as they pass through the different sections of [the] country, and particularly so with minstrel companies, who are always on the look out for songs and sayings that will", "id": "12453771" }, { "contents": "Fitz and The Tantrums\n\n\nguitars,\" he said. \"For me, I just feel like in any music that has a band, the guitar is always there, it's always featured, it's always prevalent. I'm just sick of hearing it.\" \"Los Angeles Times\" music critic Ann Powers wrote, \"Fitz & the Tantrums is the kind of band that communicates best in concert, but this album serves as a fine proxy and party-starter.\" Aly Comingore of the \"Santa Barbara Independent\" wrote that the", "id": "16477825" }, { "contents": "Frozen Fever\n\n\nTelegraph\"s Robbie Collin praised the song \"Making Today a Perfect Day\", stating that \"it's a lip-smacking confection, dusted with pure icing sugar, and suggests that songwriters Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez are capable of coming up with something special for the forthcoming feature-length \"Frozen\" sequel.\" CraveOnline's Witney Seibold wrote that the film \"is a celebration of the very kind of conspicuous consumerism that Disney is always smearing the landscape with.\" Mike Scott of \"The Times-Picayune\"", "id": "18418804" }, { "contents": "Feeling This\n\n\nof the transition they had undergone since their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" (2001). A slightly different version of the song had been released previously as part of the soundtrack for the video game \"Madden NFL 2004\" under the erroneous title \"Action\". Barker explained in an interview that \"'Action' just sounded kind of dorky to us. Like we would always call it 'Feeling This' and then someone at our label, I think, like wrote it as '", "id": "3782207" }, { "contents": "Tom Araya\n\n\nGein. \"I'm trying to see where these guys are coming from so maybe I'll understand. It's always kind of intrigued me…\" Araya wrote the lyrics for the Grammy Award winning song \"Eyes of the Insane\" from Slayer's 2006 album \"Christ Illusion\". The lyrics were inspired by an article in the \"Texas Monthly\" about the casualties of war and the experiences of soldiers coping with physical and psychological trauma. Araya states \"At points in their tour of Iraq, they need help and", "id": "9046441" }, { "contents": "Humble and Kind\n\n\nthe book edition features an introduction by McGraw and an epilogue by McKenna. McGraw pledged his book proceeds to the Neighbor's Keeper Fund of the Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee. Chris Parton of \"Country Weekly\" described \"Humble and Kind\"'s video as \"the touching, lump-in-your-throat\" kind. Stephen L. Betts of \"Rolling Stone\" described the video as one that takes \"universal scenes of faith and life and combines them with an understated performance from McGraw, captured by a 360-degree turntable", "id": "21725519" }, { "contents": "Two of a Kind (Porter Wagoner and Dolly Parton album)\n\n\nTwo of a Kind is the sixth collaborative studio album by Porter Wagoner and Dolly Parton. It was released on February 8, 1971, by RCA Victor. The album was reissued on CD with 1969's \"Always, Always\" in 2008. It was released as a digital download on November 2, 2010. \"Curse of the Wild Weed Flower\" is of note for being an anti-marijuana song, one of the few country songs of the period to discuss drugs. Parton later re-recorded \"Oh,", "id": "21268763" }, { "contents": "Incubus (band)\n\n\nany kind of album really. I don't attempt to write any kind of music, this is just what comes out.\" The \"Chicago Tribune\" stated in 2001 that Incubus are \"Cheerful, melodic and polite, a nu-metal band for people who don't like nu-metal bands\" and also claimed that Boyd was the genre's \"first official pinup boy\". The \"Los Angeles Times\" similarly wrote in 2004 that \"Incubus always stood out from the rest of the mid-'90s alt-metal", "id": "9716767" }, { "contents": "Madhu (film)\n\n\nMadhu is a 2006 Tamil romantic drama film directed by K. Thennarasu and produced by K.KaliyaMoorthy, starring Jithan Ramesh, Priyamani and Ashish Vidyarthi. The film was released in 12 May 2006 to negative reviews and went unnoticed. Madhukrishnan (Jithan Ramesh) always roams on a bike. Mercy (Priyamani) and Esther (Jahnavi) are friends and hostel mates. Mercy believes in Jesus and is very kind and humble towards others. Esther is bold, glamorous in dressing, and teases everyone. One day, when Esther teases Madhu,", "id": "14258178" }, { "contents": "Ric Sayre\n\n\n, as a vibrant running community has sprung up since his arrival, in large part due to the many established running trails in the vicinity, that he used frequently. “He was so good, he just kind of set the standard for toughness,” according to Bob Julian Jr., the cross country coach for Ashland High School. “He basically was the standard around here, and nobody could compete with him. Ric wasn’t just about running. He was a pretty humble guy, pretty quiet. He’d always", "id": "16655249" }, { "contents": "Lupe Fiasco\n\n\n\"You know how rappers always have names like MC Terrorist—like they're 'terrorizing' other rappers? I knew fiasco meant a great disaster or something like that, but I didn't realize that the person named Fiasco would be the disaster, and that you should be calling other MCs fiascos—not yourself...it kind of humbled me in a sense. It taught me like, 'Yo, stop rushing, or you're going to have some fiascos.'\" When Fiasco was 18, he began creating", "id": "4819699" }, { "contents": "Maon Kurosaki\n\n\nafter reading the \"A Certain Magical Index\" books, she sympathized with the character Accelerator and imagined his feelings as she wrote the song. She describes Accelerator is a character who initially has a lonely personality but gains kindness after meeting the character Last Order, and she wrote the song's lyrics based on his personality. She describes the song as an emotional song, and she originally sang it with a little pain. In an interview with Misako Aoki in 2015, Kurosaki discussed the influence of lolita fashion on her work.", "id": "195854" }, { "contents": "Rude Boy (Rihanna song)\n\n\nby Rob Swire and StarGate who co-wrote the song with Rihanna, Ester Dean, and Makeba Riddick. During an interview on the television show, \"\" in February 2010, Carr asked Rihanna about the song's lyrics, with particular emphasis on the line \"Come here Rude Boy, Boy, can you get it up?/Come here Rude Boy, Boy, is you big enough?\" Rihanna explained: \"When we wrote the song, it was kind of a freestyle ... I liked the West Indian influence that the", "id": "21822455" }, { "contents": "Some Nights (song)\n\n\n'm always thinking about, 'Who am I and why did I do something like that?' And I think then it harkens back to my family, and I have such a strong tie to them and it's always therapeutic to sing about them.\" Ruess came up with the song and album title while on tour in Scotland; he wrote the song based on the title. Lyrically, the song is about \"just being someone different on any given night.\" There has been some confusion with the fans as", "id": "20979462" }, { "contents": "Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\n\n\n\"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\" is a song by Scottish band Travis, released as the third single from their second studio album, \"The Man Who\". The song became the group's international breakthrough single, receiving recognition around the world. It was their first top-ten hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 10. The song also peaked at number 11 in Australia and achieved success in mainland Europe and North America. Fran Healy wrote the song while on holiday in Israel.", "id": "9728458" }, { "contents": "DJ Bobcat\n\n\nBone was very excited and honored to work with an accomplished producer such as Bobcat and Bobcat was honored to work with an Artist as humble, dedicated and talented as T-Bone. Bobcat wrote a couple of songs “Crazy Hispanic” & “Too Many Pleitos”, which both are now considered Classic Gospel Hip Hop. Bobcat wrote and produced several songs on the Mista Grimm. Album including: What the Hell Is an Incrow?, Cold Day In Hell, Super Bones, Danger of Pork, Da Whole 9 and", "id": "10350249" }, { "contents": "Nothing Fails\n\n\nknowledge of romantic love. \"Nothing Fails\" began as a humble track that musician-producer Guy Sigsworth wrote for his wife. He asked singer Jem Archer to collaborate with him and during their first collaborative session, they wrote a song called \"Silly Thing\", inspired by Sigsworth's wife. He said: \"I never write love songs, but I was moved to write one for her. I've never had a problematic relationship with her, there's not been a lot of drama. But I wanted to", "id": "19830853" }, { "contents": "Bad Girls (MKTO song)\n\n\nsaid: “Us having the acting backgrounds we have, we wanted to do something cinematic. We always look for any excuse to be able to do that kind of stuff. We came across one that was great and had a P.O.W. camp where these gorgeous women would take us hostage in very sexy outfits, but with a twist: these are women who are not only sexy, but who you don’t want to mess with. There’s a Mad Max kind of theme.” In addition, a lyric video to", "id": "1364792" }, { "contents": "Not Your Kind of People\n\n\nin a traffic jam in Los Angeles; he texted Manson the idea for a title and she loved it. Manson wrote all the lyrics that night, and the next day the four of them gathered with acoustic guitars and wrote the music to the song in about half an hour. Manson explained that the album title \"Not Your Kind of People\" was \"a call to arms in a way to anyone who feels like we do about the world\", saying that \"it can be great to be outsider.\"", "id": "21848113" }, { "contents": "Letter and spirit of the law\n\n\noriginally referred to legislative statute, but in the idiom may refer to any kind of rule. Intentionally following the letter of the law but not the spirit may be accomplished through exploiting technicalities, loopholes, and ambiguous language. William Shakespeare wrote numerous plays dealing with the letter versus spirit antithesis, almost always coming down on the side of \"spirit\", often forcing villains (who always sided with the letter) to make concessions and remedy. In one of the best known examples, \"The Merchant of Venice\", he", "id": "8111820" }, { "contents": "John Butler (musician)\n\n\nband's headquarters and the frontman's artistic space, and co-wrote material for the first time, deviating from the Butler-centric process of the past: \"I had always brought the material.\" After contributing a large portion of work towards the album, Bomba eventually left the Compound space to work on his Melbourne Ska Orchestra project and was replaced by Grant Gerathy. Butler explained in an interview during the band's US tour: But a lot of these songs on this album I kind of magpied. Magpies are", "id": "10771972" }, { "contents": "Sleepy Sun\n\n\nhad previously guested on the band's previous album, laying down a guitar solo on \"V.O.G.\". The first album without Fannon, Constantino commented that after her departure “We kind of went through a transitional phase for about a year, and the record is a part of that transition to adapting to life without Rachel. We always wrote the songs without Rachel so that wasn't really a part of it, but from a live performance perspective she was a big part of the live show, and there were certain parts", "id": "2159264" }, { "contents": "Matthew Prior\n\n\n. \"Prior's\"—says Thackeray, himself no mean proficient in this kind—\"seem to me amongst the easiest, the richest, the most charmingly humorous of English lyrical poems. Horace is always in his mind, and his song and his philosophy, his good sense, his happy easy turns and melody, his loves and his Epicureanism, bear a great resemblance to that most delightful and accomplished master.\" Wittenham Clumps in Oxfordshire is said to be where Prior wrote \"Henry and Emma\", and this is now commemorated by a plaque.", "id": "5550629" }, { "contents": "March of the Falsettos\n\n\ntalk \"Father to Son\" and tells him that he loves him and no matter what kind of man Jason turns out to be, Marvin will always be there for him. Source:Guide to Musical Theatre Frank Rich, in his review for \"The New York Times\", wrote: \"The songs are so fresh that the show is only a few bars old before one feels the unmistakable, revivifying charge of pure talent...However slight and predictable the raw materials, Mr. Finn has transformed them into a show that", "id": "7770251" } ]

[ { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\n. It opens with additional threats in the icy North and Essos in the east. Showrunner David Benioff jokingly suggested \"\"The Sopranos\" in Middle-earth\" as \"Game of Thrones\" tagline, referring to its intrigue-filled plot and dark tone in a fantasy setting of magic and dragons. In a 2012 study, out of 40 recent television drama shows, \"Game of Thrones\" ranked second in deaths per episode, averaging 14 deaths. The series is generally praised for what is perceived as a sort of", "id": "16899578" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nat the same time as in the US or weeks (or months) later. The series' broadcast in China on CCTV, begun in 2014, was heavily edited to remove scenes of sex and violence, in accordance with a Chinese practice of censoring Western television series to prevent what the \"People's Daily\" called \"negative effects and hidden security dangers\". This resulted in viewer complaints about the incoherence of what remained. Broadcasters carrying \"Game of Thrones\" include Showcase in Australia; HBO Canada, Super Écran,", "id": "16899634" }, { "contents": "List of heirs to the Scottish throne\n\n\n1306, Bruce murdered Comyn at what was supposed to be a parley between the two rivals, and set about claiming the throne for himself, being crowned at Scone on 27 March. Over the next years he gradually reconquered Scotland from the English, culminating in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. He was finally recognised by the English as King of independent Scotland by the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton, 1328. At the time he seized the throne, Robert I had no sons, and the succession was not set out until", "id": "9138719" }, { "contents": "Death-Song of Conan the Cimmerian\n\n\nwhich the Conan stories are set. Life is portrayed as a game of chance, and Death and the Devil as Conan's opponents in life's game: \"I won what a man may win: / Aye, gambled and won at the Devil's game\" - \"the Devil take the odds\" - \"I'll stride down the scarlet throat of hell / And dice for the Devil's throne!\" - \"Life's but a game Death and I have played / Many a wearisome year.\" Even", "id": "8566881" }, { "contents": "No One (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nthe set piece. Visual effects were added to create the rest of the castle. Clive Russell, who portrayed Blackfish, spoke about working with Gwendoline Christie as Brienne of Tarth, noting \"There's something very curious, by the way, I'm probably about 6'6\" tall. I think she's about 6'3\", but all the time I worked with her, I felt like she was taller than me. Now I don't really know what that has to do with it. It might be something to do", "id": "19970082" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game)\n\n\nGame of Thrones\" arose from internal discussions within Telltale of what other popular franchises they wanted to write games around, with much support given for \"Game of Thrones\", considering its emotional equivalence to \"The Walking Dead\". They approached HBO with the concept, and after a year of negotiations, were able to secure the license. In December 2013, Telltale announced \"Game of Thrones\" at the 2013 Spike VGX video game awards program. George R. R. Martin stated that his personal assistant, Ty Corey Franck,", "id": "8110838" }, { "contents": "Watch the Throne\n\n\nBillboard\"s list of \"The 20 Best Albums of the 2010s (So Far)\". In 2018, Revolt listed the album number one on their list of the 10 rap collaboration albums that moved the culture forward. In 2019, \"Billboard\" named \"Watch the Throne\" the biggest collaborative album of all time, asserting, \"From the iconic album artwork to the brash, decadent lyrical themes, esteemed guest list, and recording around the globe, the Throne would set the standard for what a pristine rap album should", "id": "19819321" }, { "contents": "Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia\n\n\nengage in diplomacy with other factions. \"Thrones of Britannia\" is the first game in the \"Total War Saga\" series, which was developed by Creative Assembly to be shorter but more focused \"Total War\" games by focusing on a particular time period in history instead of being era-spanning. According to Mike Simpson, the series director, the \"Saga\" series aims at \"putting defined geographical areas under the microscope\" with a \"strong cultural focus and flavour\". Initially the game was set to be", "id": "19229410" }, { "contents": "Titan Quest: Immortal Throne\n\n\nduring the late development stages of \"Titan Quest\", with staff drawing up feature lists and choosing what features to improve and what additions to make. According to producer Michael Verrette, \"Immortal Throne\" was considered an extension of \"Titan Quest\", as many of the elements it included were features that could not be included in the original game due to time constraints. Multiple staff from \"Titan Quest\" returned, either in their original roles or different roles: Verrette became producer after being a sound designer for the", "id": "20428400" }, { "contents": "Throne of Darkness\n\n\nThrone of Darkness is a Japanese-themed action role-playing game released in 2001 by Sierra On-Line, a subsidiary of Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing. Players control up to four (out of seven) different samurai at a time. The game has three separate multiplayer modes which support up to 35 players. The game is set in Yamato, a medieval version of Japan ruled by the shogun Tsunayoshi and the daimyōs of the four clans. To become immortal, Tsunayoshi transforms himself into the demon Zanshin, the Dark Warlord", "id": "20653070" }, { "contents": "Empire of the Petal Throne\n\n\ncommercial game-design debut at Tactical Studies Rules, Inc., the publishers of \"Dungeons & Dragons\", with \"Empire of the Petal Throne\" boxed set in 1975. TSR published Barker's game and setting as a standalone game, rather than as a \"supplement\" to the original \"D&D\" rules. The game brought a level of detail and quality to the concept of a campaign setting which had previously been unknown in the nascent RPG industry's publications. The game was the subject of articles in early issues", "id": "3223037" }, { "contents": "Throne of Fire\n\n\nThrone of Fire is an action strategy video game. It was designed by Mike Singleton, developed by Consult Computer Systems, and published by Melbourne House. The game was released for the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum in 1987. \"Throne of Fire\" is set in the Burning Citadel, located around the rim of a volcano. The game focuses on three princes in the Burning Citadel where they and their men-at-arms fight to the death to gain the Throne of Fire after their father's death. \"Throne", "id": "9347822" }, { "contents": "Reigns: Game of Thrones\n\n\nelement of choice, the player is able to alter the outcome of events that are canon in the \"Game of Thrones\" TV series. To cope with the issue, the game's lore states that all events were visions of the character Melisandre, through which the game creates a \"what if?\" scenario. \"Reigns: Game of Thrones\" was revealed by publisher Devolver Digital on 23 August 2018, through a trailer published on YouTube. Coinciding with the reveal, Devolver Digital announced that game would be released on", "id": "6385100" }, { "contents": "A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nunderstood what made “Game of Thrones” wonderful than even the men who created and ran the darn thing\" Author Stephen King shared praise about the episode on Twitter, writing \"As a long-time storyteller, I'm in awe of how perfectly the minds behind this show brought all the major characters together at Winterfell. They made it look easy. Constant Readers, it is not.\" Among the negative reviews, Liz Shannon Miller of \"IndieWire\" criticized the pace of the episode and unnecessary confrontations between the characters", "id": "11216687" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nnominated one time. The Humanitas Prize are awarded annually to film and television writing intended to promote human dignity, meaning, and freedom. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated one time. The International Film Music Critics Association are awarded annually to film and television composers. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated four times, and won once. The Jupiter Awards are awarded annually. \"Game of Thrones\" has won once. The Kerrang! Awards are awarded annually. \"Game of Thrones\" has won two out", "id": "3756273" }, { "contents": "Oathbreaker (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nfull of revelations, but things are still building. That's okay. I love the tension and not knowing exactly what's coming.\" James Hunt of \"What Culture\" wrote, \"Another week of table setting, and a very entertaining one at that ... It didn't quite reach the high watermark of last week's instalment, but there was still a lot of great stuff here.\" Steve Johnson of \"The Baltimore Sun\" noted, \"Instead of the heavy action of the season's first two hours", "id": "11069190" }, { "contents": "Forte (vocal group)\n\n\nhad no lyrics, Page adapted High Valyrian text from \"Game of Thrones\" and set it to the music composed by Ramin Djawadi. The video for the single was shot over two days' time at Sands Point on Long Island, and self-released by Forte in February 2015. It was a top-five hit on YouTube's \"Just-Released Music Videos\" list in March. When the video was shared by the official \"Game of Thrones\" Twitter account, Page said, \"it knocked the air", "id": "13259792" }, { "contents": "Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire)\n\n\nthrone in his 2014 \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" companion book \"The World of Ice & Fire\" \"absolutely right\". He has noted repeatedly that none of the previous media representations of the throne—including books, games and the TV series—closely resemble what he had in mind when writing his novels. In the series, the Iron Throne is both a physical seat of office as well as a metonym for the monarchy of Westeros. Martin establishes in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996)", "id": "5605685" }, { "contents": "After the Thrones\n\n\nlatest episode, explaining the who, what, when and where, exploring the complicated politics and history of \"Thrones\", and offering absurd and not-so-absurd theories about future episodes.\" For the seventh season of \"Game of Thrones\", the after show changed its name to Talk the Thrones and moved from HBO to the social media site Twitter, where it will stream live every week after an episode airs. Simmons said that \"We love Game of Thrones and we love the way Twitter is thinking", "id": "9806995" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nratings / The series has inspired several video games based on the TV series and novels. The strategy game \"Game of Thrones Ascent\" ties into the HBO series, making characters and settings available to players as they appear on television. Behaviour Interactive is developing a free-to-play strategy game based on the series for mobile devices. \"\", a spin-off of the \"Reigns\" strategy video game series, is in development by Nerial, published by Devolver Digital, and set to release in October 2018", "id": "16899687" }, { "contents": "Dragon Age: The Stolen Throne\n\n\nDragon Age: The Stolen Throne is a fantasy novel released March 3, 2009. It serves as a prequel to the BioWare role-playing game \"\" and is written by David Gaider, lead writer of \"Dragon Age: Origins\". It is his first novel, as well as the first novel set in the \"Dragon Age\" universe. Set thirty years before the events of the game, this novel tells the back-story of characters important to the game as well as explaining how Ferelden, the setting", "id": "7227805" }, { "contents": "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots\n\n\nto the game. \"Extended Edition\" is developed by SkyBox Labs. \"Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots\" received \"generally favorable reviews\", about two points shy of \"universal acclaim\", according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In its review, IGN claimed that \"Thrones and Patriots\" is \"a great game [which] gets better,\" in reference to its predecessor \"Rise of Nations\". \"Computer Gaming World\" stated that the game is what expansion packs should try to mimic", "id": "11389902" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nby Dinklage. \"Game of Thrones\" has won one award out of seven nominations. The \"Guinness World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records. Game of Thrones currently holds six records. The Hugo Awards are a set of awards given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. \"Game of Thrones\" has won three out of six nominations. The IGN Awards are chosen annually by the IGN editors, honoring the best in film,", "id": "3756264" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (card game)\n\n\nlate 2007, the A Game of Thrones CCG was converted to the A Game of Thrones LCG (Living Card Game), which ended the random booster packs in favor of fixed packs, called Chapter Packs, released on a roughly monthly basis. Chapter packs consist of 60 fixed cards - 3 copies of 20 cards. The Core Set consists of 4 preconstructed decks consisting of Stark, Lannister, Baratheon, and Targaryen, and is marketed as a starting point for a new player. It will also include a game board,", "id": "1541049" }, { "contents": "Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire)\n\n\nrule. Purportedly made from a thousand swords and knives, the Iron Throne is a massive and asymmetrical tangle of jagged and twisted blades, in which reclining is impossible. Martin commented in 2014: The Iron Throne has been depicted in comic books, in games, and on book covers, but Martin has noted repeatedly that none of these representations coincided with what he imagined: To Martin, the attempt closest to his vision was by French artist Marc Simonetti, for a Mexican edition of \"A Game of Thrones\". The", "id": "5605687" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (card game)\n\n\norganize sanctioned tournaments for A Game of Thrones. The Night's Watch are named after the guardians of The Wall in northern Westeros in the fictional setting of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\". These volunteers organize tournaments, arrange demonstration games for new and interested players, and hand out promotional materials provided by FFG. There are several different official tournament types sanctioned by FFG. In the \"Classic\" format, players bring their own decks, which may include cards from any set, as long as the card is not", "id": "1541041" }, { "contents": "Dungeon Siege: Throne of Agony\n\n\nfallen creature who takes its powers from Throne of Agony. The hero has to defeat Vagar, find the Agallan giants, and ultimately defeat Malith. Finally, the player has to decide what to do with the Throne of Agony, a sentient throne of darkness, as it could be either used, or destroyed. A console based \"Dungeon Siege\" game was planned by Gas Powered Games since 2003. The project named \"Dungeon Siege X\" was originally planned for Xbox and expected release simultaneously with \"Dungeon Siege II\"", "id": "10857809" }, { "contents": "Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire)\n\n\nthe show was conceived by its production designer Gemma Jackson, and the prop maker Gavin Jones constructed the piece. The show's popularity has made its version of the throne an icon of the entire media franchise. It has been parodied in magazines and used in merchandising. Several \"promotional thrones\" travel the world with show-sponsored exhibits and for fan events. In June 2014, Queen Elizabeth II visited the Belfast set of \"Game of Thrones\" and was photographed examining the Iron Throne set piece from the series, though", "id": "5605689" }, { "contents": "The Iron Throne (Birthright novel)\n\n\nThe Iron Throne is a fantasy novel by Simon Hawke, set in the world of the Birthright, and based on the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" role-playing game. It is the first novel published for the setting. It was published in November, 1995. \"The Iron Throne\" is set in a land where humans have tried to create an empire by warring with other races ever since they arrived from another continent. Subjugation of the elven aboriginals, and the bitter feud that ensued, was compounded by the constant", "id": "17830377" }, { "contents": "Throne of Evil\n\n\nThrone of Evil is an adventure for fantasy role-playing games published by Mayfair Games in 1984. \"Throne of Evil\" is a scenario for character levels 4-6 set in 12th-century England. The adventurers are involved in the intrigues of the Norman court, which leads to their being sent to penetrate Castle Wraithstone and kidnap the evil March Lord. The book includes a details castle and dungeons. In \"Throne Of Evil\", the characters meet at an inn and are sent to a castle to dispose of", "id": "7459607" }, { "contents": "Harry Sidebottom\n\n\nset 30 years before the first \"Warrior of Rome\" book in the reigns of Severus Alexander and Maximinus Thrax, (AD 235–38), beginning with the assassination of Alexander and the deaths of Pupienus and Balbinus. It was described by The Times of London as \"Absorbing and brilliant... Game of Thrones without the dragons\", and was praised by Bob Carr, the former Premier of NSW, in a review article in The Australian (19 November 2016) www.theaustralian.com.au/.../review/...throne-of-the-caesars/...", "id": "6131030" }, { "contents": "The Long Night (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nargued that it was a perfect ending to what was ultimately a secondary storyline to \"Game of Thrones,\" writing, \"The Night King (who isn't really in the books) is pretty one-dimensional and uninteresting. More to the point, he isn't really what these stories have ever been about ... Cersei is far, far more interesting and compelling, because she's a real person with real motivations and fears and love and hate and everything in-between.\" On the contrary, Alyssa Rosenberg of", "id": "11769577" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nand Showcase in Canada; HBO Latin America in Latin America; SoHo and Prime in New Zealand, and Sky Atlantic in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The ten episodes of the first season of \"Game of Thrones\" were released as a DVD and Blu-ray box set on March 6, 2012. The box set includes extra background and behind-the-scenes material but no deleted scenes, since nearly all the footage shot for the first season was used. The box set sold over 350,000 copies in the first", "id": "16899635" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nprojects, as they are not \"Game of Thrones\" spin-offs in the traditional sense. He ruled out Robert's Rebellion (the overthrow of Daenerys' father by Robert Baratheon) as a possible idea and revealed that some may be set outside Westeros. Later, he stated: \"at least two of them are solidly based on material in \"Fire and Blood\".\" On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a \"Game of Thrones\" prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin as", "id": "16899693" }, { "contents": "Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia\n\n\nreleased on April 19, 2018, but Creative Assembly delayed the game's launch to May 3, 2018 in order to have extra time for polishing the game. The game has received positive reviews. It has an aggregated score of 75 on Metacritic, indicating \"Generally favorable reviews\". The game has garnered some criticism for what is perceived as stripped campaign and broken combat compared to previous games, and a lack of variation between factions. The game won the award for \"Best Strategy Game\" at The Independent Game Developers", "id": "19229411" }, { "contents": "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nmusic and how it is used in the episode, Djawadi revealed \"I sit with David and Dan and we do what's called a spotting session where we watch the entire episode and then discuss when music should start and stop. Everybody's very involved with that. And it constantly gets played with. What I love about \"Game of Thrones\" is that the positioning of the music is so well done, because it's not overdone. When the music cuts in, it really has something to say.\" \"", "id": "21388237" }, { "contents": "Music of Game of Thrones\n\n\nI sit with David and Dan and we do what's called a spotting session where we watch the entire episode and then discuss when music should start and stop. Everybody's very involved with that. And it constantly gets played with. What I love about \"Game of Thrones\" is that the positioning of the music is so well done, because it's not overdone. When the music cuts in, it really has something to say.\" The recordings of most of the soundtracks were conducted in Prague with The Czech", "id": "2221938" }, { "contents": "Dragonstone (Game of Thrones episode)\n\n\n. The site's consensus reads \"With a blistering opening salvo, \"Game of Thrones\" charts an assured path for its anxiously-anticipated final stretch.\" Matt Fowler of IGN wrote in his review for the episode \"'Dragonstone' sublimely set the stage for \"Game of Thrones\" Season 7 with some righteous revenge, a new alliance, a dramatic (and quiet) homecoming, and a surprisingly great sequence from The Hound as he began to atone for his old life.\" He gave the episode an 8.8", "id": "12851170" }, { "contents": "Beyond the Wall (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nThe Wall\" delivered the epic battles and plot twists that are expected from the penultimate episode of a \"Game of Thrones\" season – although sometimes in ways that defied logic.\" Some reviews were more negative. Terri Schwartz of IGN wrote in her review of the episode, \"\"Game of Thrones\" has long set the precedent that its penultimate episodes of its seasons would be the biggest in terms of scale and, oftentimes, loss, in everything from \"Baelor\" to \"The Rains of Castamere\". In", "id": "18423247" }, { "contents": "Boot Hill (role-playing game)\n\n\nsubsequently published \"Boot Hill\" later that year in memory of their friend. It was TSR's third role-playing game, after \"Dungeons and Dragons\" and \"Empire of the Petal Throne\". David M. Ewalt, in his book \"Of Dice and Men\", described the game as \"the company's second role-playing game; it was set in the Old West and focused mostly on gun-fighting.\" \"Boot Hill\" used game mechanics that were advanced for the time. Most games", "id": "19981838" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nApril 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons. Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plots and a large ensemble cast and follows several story arcs. One arc is about the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the noble dynasties either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from it. Another focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty,", "id": "16899573" }, { "contents": "No One (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nLove stated that he had received an email from Benioff offering him a part in the show, saying \"I broached the subject by sending them an email back saying 'Listen I don't know what your plans are for me but it would really mean a lot to me if I could have one of those trademark \"Game of Thrones\" gruesome death scenes, and they wrote back saying 'Actually Steve, that was exactly what we had in mind for you.'\" \"No One\" was directed by Mark Mylod", "id": "19970071" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\n\" has won one out of six nominations. The American Society of Cinematographers presents annual awards for outstanding achievements in directors of photography and special effects for film and television. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated ten times, winning three times. First awarded in 1972, the Annie Awards are given exclusively for animation. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated twice. The Australian Production Design Guild are awarded annually. \"Game of Thrones\" has won three awards out of three nominations. The ADG Excellence in Production Design", "id": "3756245" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nhonor the top works of cinematographers in feature films and television. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated five times, and won once. The Canadian Society of Cinematographers Awards are awarded annually to honor the top works of cinematographers in feature films and television. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated four times and won twice. The Cinema Audio Society presents annual awards for outstanding achievements in sound mixing. \"Game of Thrones\" has won five out of seven nominations. The Costume Designers Guild presents annual awards for excellence in", "id": "3756249" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\ndecided online by the audience. \"Game of Thrones\" won one award from ten nominations. The NewNowNext Awards are awarded annually. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated three times. The Portal Awards are awarded annually for genre television and movies. \"Game of Thrones\" has won seven out of sixteen nominations. The Royal Television Society presents annual awards honoring the best in television. In 2014, the show won the International Program Award at the in 2014. \"Game of Thrones\" has won one out of one", "id": "3756275" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nGame of Thrones\" has won six awards out of six nominations. The Women's Image Network Awards are annual awards presented to individuals who promote women and girls in the media.. \"Game of Thrones\" has won one out of two nominations. The World Soundtrack Academy presents annual awards honoring the music professionals involved in film and television. \"Game of Thrones\" has one nomination. The Young Artist Awards are awarded annually to young artists. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated three times. The Young Hollywood Awards are", "id": "3756278" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones (season 1)\n\n\nit's clear that the hype was right and the wait was worth it\". Mary McNamara from the \"Los Angeles Times\" called it \"...a great and thundering series of political and psychological intrigue bristling with vivid characters, cross-hatched with tantalizing plotlines and seasoned with a splash of fantasy\". \"New York Post\"'s Linda Stasi gave \"Thrones\" 3.5/4 stars stating, \"The art direction, acting and incredible sets are as breathtaking as the massive scope of the series\". Many critics praised Peter", "id": "6748407" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (card game)\n\n\nA Game of Thrones: The Card Game (or AGoT, for short) is an out-of-print collectible card game produced by Fantasy Flight Games. It is based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of novels written by George R. R. Martin. The first set was Westeros Edition and was released in August 2002. It has since won two Origins Awards. The game's primary designer is Eric Lang, the lead developer is Nate French, with Damon Stone serving as associate designer.", "id": "1541001" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nNovember 15, 2016. The seventh season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on December 12, 2017. Beginning in 2016, HBO began issuing Steelbook Blu-ray sets which include both Dolby TrueHD 7.1 and Dolby Atmos audio options. In 2018, the first season was released in 4K HDR on Ultra HD Blu-ray. \"Game of Thrones\" has been widely pirated, primarily outside the US. According to the file-sharing news website TorrentFreak, \"Game of Thrones\" has been the most pirated", "id": "16899638" }, { "contents": "An Adventure in Space and Time\n\n\nwas won by Channel 4's \"Complicit\" at the ceremony on 18 May. The winner of the Hugo Award was announced on Sunday 17 August 2014. The award went to the \"Game of Thrones\" episode \"The Rains of Castamere\". \"An Adventure in Space and Time\" was released on DVD on 2 December 2013 in the UK. A 3 disc Blu-ray set was released in the US and Canada 27 May 2014. The set includes the feature on Blu-ray, DVD and An Unearthly Child", "id": "16934216" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (card game)\n\n\npower tokens, gold tokens, as well as game pieces to use for the multiplayer titles. Along with the switch to the LCG, there has also been more of a focus on the multiplayer aspect of the game, now referred to as Melee, rather than the head to head play, now referred to as Joust. Promotional cards are usually provided as prizes for participating in FFG registered tournaments, by attending certain conventions, or buying other A Game of Thrones promotional packages. The game's first base set - \"Westeros", "id": "1541050" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones (season 5)\n\n\nthe third novel, \"A Storm of Swords\", as well as the upcoming sixth novel \"The Winds of Winter\". It also contains original content not found in Martin's novels. The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Like previous seasons in \"Game of Thrones\", the fifth season continues storylines primarily set within the fictional land of Westeros, whereas one storyline is set in another continent, Essos. The season continues the aftermath of the deaths of King Joffrey Baratheon and Tywin", "id": "8211571" }, { "contents": "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire\n\n\nalso announced in 2013. The \"One World Symphony\" company announced, in 2014, a musical production based on television series including \"Game of Thrones\". In 2015, the Under the Gun Theater of Chicago premiered \"Swarm of Spoilers\", a parody show recapitulating the first four seasons of the TV series. In 2013, a web series, \"School of Thrones\", parodized the television adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", by setting it in a high school whose students vie for the title of prom", "id": "7155810" }, { "contents": "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire\n\n\n, it is to be set in the real-world British India of 1857 and will focus on the story of Daenerys Targaryen, played by Sakshi Tanwar. In 2016 the parody recap series of \"Game of Thrones\", called \"Gay of Thrones\" was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-Form Variety Series. In 2015, the inaugural American edition of Red Nose Day featured the comedy sketch \"Coldplay's Game of Thrones: The Musical\", a mockumentary regarding a failed musical theatre adaptation of the", "id": "7155813" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (board game)\n\n\n\" was released in 2006, and adds more variant rules to be used with the original \"A Game of Thrones\", either with or without \"A Clash of Kings\". Additions include Tactics cards, Ally cards, new sets of House character cards, new Westeros cards, new units, and a new gameboard for a standalone game, representing a focused view of the Trident region of Westeros. In October 2011, the revised second edition was released by Fantasy Flight Games, with some minor changes to gameplay as well", "id": "6154627" }, { "contents": "Camelot (video game)\n\n\nCamelot\" is also a platform adventure game set in a large flip-screen castle and the player also has a set amount of energy which runs down when in contact with enemy sprites or hazards. The backstory given in the cassette inlay indicates that the player (as the King) has been deposed from the throne for mismanaging the kingdom. To convince the people that the king deserves another chance to return to throne again, the player must fight their way through the castle and surrounding terrain, facing various enemies such as withces", "id": "2123833" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones (season 2)\n\n\nSeries, Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic), Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series, Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour), and Outstanding Special Visual Effects. The second season of \"Game of Thrones\" was broadcast on HBO in the United States from April 1, 2012 to June 3, 2012. DVD/Blu-ray box sets and digital downloads of the second season were released in North America on February 19, 2013. The DVD set", "id": "21986510" }, { "contents": "Winterfell (Game of Thrones episode)\n\n\n92% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 106 reviews with an average score of 7.88 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, \"Though surprisingly bloodless, hard-fought reunions, bone-chilling surprises, and a welcome dose of humor help \"Winterfell\" set the stage for what should be an epic final season.\" Sarah Hughes of \"The Guardian\" wrote, \"This was a thrilling episode with its pedal to the floor, in which new alliances were made, old", "id": "10625442" }, { "contents": "You Win or You Die\n\n\n\"You Win or You Die\" is the seventh episode of the first season of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\". It was written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Daniel Minahan. Set to air May 29, 2011, the episode was released in advance immediately following the conclusion of \"A Golden Crown\" to HBO customers with access to HBO Go. The episode furthers the story line of deterioration of the political balance of the Seven Kingdoms, with Eddard Stark revealing what", "id": "13219892" }, { "contents": "The Dragon and the Wolf\n\n\ninto the discussion of what he should appear to look like when he's resurrected.\" \"The Dragon and the Wolf\" was viewed by 12.07 million viewers on its initial live broadcast on HBO, and an additional 4.4 million viewers on streaming platforms, for a total 16.5 million viewers. This set a ratings record for \"Game of Thrones\" as the highest rated episode of the series to date, surpassing \"Eastwatch\", which previously held the record. The episode also acquired a 5.7 rating in the 18–49 demographic,", "id": "19305109" }, { "contents": "Disruptor Beam\n\n\nDisruptor Beam, Inc. is a developer of mobile and social game products based in Framingham, Massachusetts. The company was founded in 2010. The company is known for developing a social and mobile game based on \"Game of Thrones\" (set during the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels). \"Game of Thrones Ascent\" was released on Facebook and web platforms in 2013, followed by iPad/iOS and Android devices in 2014. In 2014, the company announced a partnership with CBS to create \"Star", "id": "801190" }, { "contents": "Galaxy Angel\n\n\nmore in-depth look into the Galaxy Angel universe. The following endings assume that Transvaal remains an empire, if the player tells Prince Shiva the truth at the beginning of the game, buys him a chess set and spends time with him, it is possible to unlock the Prince Shiva subplot, and at the end of the game Prince Shiva gives up the throne and Commodore Luft is elected President of the Republic instead. The second game in the trilogy, \"Moonlit Lovers\", revolves around the battles with remnants of", "id": "19168849" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nNikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Kit Harington, Sophie Turner, Diana Rigg, Carice van Houten, Max von Sydow, and Maisie Williams have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances. \"Game of Thrones\" is roughly based on the storylines of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and the continent of Essos. The series chronicles the violent dynastic struggles among the realm's noble families for the Iron Throne, while other families fight for independence from it", "id": "16899577" }, { "contents": "List of Game of Thrones characters\n\n\nThe characters from the medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels. Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World\", the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters. The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits", "id": "3461650" }, { "contents": "Ginia Bellafante\n\n\npaper's culture and style sections. Some of Bellafante's writing has been criticized for its treatment of gender issues. Her 1998 \"Time\" cover story \"Is Feminism Dead?\" was critiqued by Erica Jong, who said, \"\"Time\"s idiotic cover story on feminism is, in short, a symptom of what's wrong, not an analysis.\" \"Salon\" described it as \"poorly thought-out.\" Her \"New York Times\" review in 2011 of \"Game of Thrones\" was criticized by", "id": "6709850" }, { "contents": "Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia\n\n\nTotal War Saga: Thrones of Britannia is a strategy video game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega, released on 3May 2018 for Microsoft Windows. The game was brought to MacOS and Linux by Feral Interactive on 24 May 2018 and 7 June 2018 respectively. It is the twelfth game in the \"Total War\" series of video games. The game is set in the British Isles, 878 AD. There are ten playable factions, including Wessex, Mercia, Scots Circenn, Gaelic clans, Welsh kingdoms, and Vikings", "id": "19229408" }, { "contents": "Maithripala Sirisena\n\n\n's Freedom Alliance withdrew from the unity government. Immediately following the move, media institutions in the country were suppressed in what is now being termed a hostile takeover. Wickremesinghe refused to accept the dismissal, stating that it is illegal and unconstitutional. Sirisena promptly prorogued Parliament and appointed a new Cabinet of Ministers, in effect creating a parallel government to what was operational in the country at the time, a series of events referred to by the BBC as \"somewhere in between House of Cards, Game of Thrones and Shakespeare's darkest", "id": "13313119" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nnomination. The Screenwriters Choice Awards are awarded annually. \"Game of Thrones\" has won one out of two nominations. The SFX Awards are awarded annually to celebrate achievements in science fiction and are voted on by the readers of the SFX magazine. \"Game of Thrones\" has won two out of thirteen nominations. The Shorty Awards are annual awards, recognizing the people and organizations producing real-time short form content across social media. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated twice. The TV Choice Awards are awarded annually", "id": "3756276" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones (2012 video game)\n\n\ndying breath, reveals that he and Alester killed Mors' family together, acting on Tywin Lannister's orders. This is why Alester fled to Essos. Alester and Mors duel to the death. One of them survives and is confronted by Varys, who offers to send Jeyne's baby to Essos to be cared for. The game has four possible endings: In November 2012 Cyanide published the downloadable content (DLC) \"Beyond the Wall\". It is set 10 years before the plot of \"Game of Thrones\".", "id": "18485441" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (board game)\n\n\n\"A Clash of Kings\" was released in 2004, and added several variant rules that can be used with the base \"A Game of Thrones\". Additions include House Martell, a new unit type (Siege Engines), rules for ports, a second possible set of 7 House character cards for all six Houses with a wider variety of effects, and new unique special orders for each House. This expansion was integrated into the base game with the release of the second edition. The expansion \"A Storm of Swords", "id": "6154626" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones\n\n\nin a HBO television series, a comics series, several card, board and video games, and other media. \"A Game of Thrones\" has received critical acclaim. Lauren K. Nathan of the Associated Press wrote that the book \"grip[s] the reader from Page One\" and is set in a \"magnificent\" fantasy world that is \"mystical, but still believable.\" Steve Perry told readers of \"The Oregonian\" that the plot is \"complex and fascinating\" and the book is \"rich and colorful\"", "id": "16007648" }, { "contents": "Ball J\n\n\n‘best in Africa’ cementing his place with the game with \"Game of Thrones\" record. Game of Thrones was released under the rapper’s Nu Afrika Records imprint. The official video was shot in documentary style and also featuring scenes from the popular series, the video was directed by Malik Ofori of MO Films. Ball J is regarded as one of the best rappers in Africa when it comes to hip hop music. He is very good at rap freestyles. Most of his songs online are freestyles, what he calls", "id": "9613911" }, { "contents": "Onimusha 3: Demon Siege\n\n\ngame to sell 700,000 copies worldwide by the end of the fiscal year after its release. With the use of the modern French setting, the story involved time travel which worried producer Keiji Inafune as it could negatively affect the game if it was not well executed. However, Infafune was pleased with the final product. The game's concept was \"what would a Samurai do in the modern world, and what would a modern cop do in the ancient world.\" In order to fit the game's setting, the staff", "id": "11300900" }, { "contents": "Empire of the Petal Throne\n\n\nEmpire of the Petal Throne is a fantasy role-playing game designed by M. A. R. Barker, based on his Tékumel fictional universe, which was self-published in 1974, then published by TSR, Inc. in 1975. It was one of the first tabletop role-playing games, along with \"Dungeons & Dragons\". Over the subsequent thirty years, several new games were published based on the Tékumel setting, but to date none have met with commercial success. While published as fantasy, the game is sometimes classified", "id": "3223034" }, { "contents": "Winterfell (Game of Thrones episode)\n\n\nwhat are the similarities, what are the differences. So I did a bit of research on that, especially since this world was so properly thought through. It's a functioning world, and that's why it's actually so appealing.\" Jacob Anderson (Grey Worm) is listed as a series regular in the opening credits for the first time in this episode; he has previously appeared as a supporting/guest actor. Actors Rob McElhenney and Martin Starr and writer Dave Hill made cameo appearances as Ironborn soldiers killed when", "id": "10625440" }, { "contents": "No One (Game of Thrones)\n\n\ncurious to see what comes of the Tully angle. Brienne failed to get an army for Sansa and Jaime's just going to head back home now? It seems like there should be more to this that him just winning one for the Lannister name. Though regardless of what the payoff might be, it was still good to see how so much of this story tied back to the first three seasons and Jaime's time as Catelyn's prisoner.\" He gave the episode an 8.2 out of 10. Myles McNutt of \"", "id": "19970090" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nfour times. The People's Choice Awards recognize the people and the work of popular culture. \"Game of Thrones\" has been nominated twelve times. The Peabody Award recognizes excellence in various platforms of the media, including film, television, and radio. The award \"spotlight[s] instances of how electronic media can teach, expand our horizons, defend the public interest, or encourage empathy with others\". \"Game of Thrones\" was honored with a Peabody Award in 2011 for its first season. The award association gave", "id": "3756266" }, { "contents": "Oathbreaker (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nin a dream of Ned Stark in the chapter \"Eddard X\" of \"A Game of Thrones\". In the \"Inside the Episode\" feature for \"Oathbreaker\", showrunner Weiss stated of the Tower of Joy flashback that \"One of the best things about being able to go back with Bran and look at the past is to be able to see the discrepancy between the received history, the things that everybody knows about the things that happened, and what actually happened.\" Benioff continued, \"Every kid that", "id": "11069175" }, { "contents": "1924 Palace Law of Succession\n\n\nthe \"position of such heir is secure and indisputable\": The king also has absolute power to remove an heir apparent from the position. If he does so, \"his entire lineage is removed from any claim to the throne\": While Section 9 ranks those eligible for kingship, the law's next set of clause entitled, \"On those who must be excluded from the line of succession\", describes what might disqualify a potential heir to the throne. \"\"Whoever is to ascend to the throne should be", "id": "5623824" }, { "contents": "Wizards & Warriors III: Kuros: Visions of Power\n\n\nKuros has restored the city of Piedup to its former self, that the damsels have been saved, and that Good King James has taken back his throne; Kuros' legend is then immortalized among the people, as his saga \"unfurls like a glorious banner\". The game concludes by saying that, while Malkil will return, Kuros will be there to defeat him repeatedly, and according to the game, \"the light shall reign until the end of time\". The game's ending sets the stage for a sequel", "id": "13410870" }, { "contents": "Ultima V: Warriors of Destiny\n\n\nthrone. \"Warriors of Destiny\" featured much more polished writing (earlier games were riddled with some spelling errors and uneven vocabulary) and considerably greater detail than previous games. It was the first \"Ultima\" to implement a time-of-day system in which the sun rises and sets, and non-player characters follow daily routine schedules. This game has been lauded as realistically portraying a culture living under a dictatorial regime; its tone is much darker than that of \"\". As in \"Ultima IV\"", "id": "13794620" }, { "contents": "Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal\n\n\nComputer Games Magazine\" nominated it as the best expansion pack of 2001, but it lost these prizes to \"Yuri's Revenge\" and \"\", respectively. It was also a finalist in \"The Electric Playground\"s \"Best RPG for PC\" category, which went to \"\". The editors of \"Computer Gaming World\" wrote, \"\"Throne of Bhaal\" did what \"Ultima IX\" should have done: provided a great send-off to an established franchise. It's a superlative, satisfying reward for", "id": "19762037" }, { "contents": "Thor: The Dark World\n\n\nDark World\". In 2016 Disney company accounts stated the budget spend was $237.6 million on \"Thor: The Dark World\" but $37 million of this was offset by payments from the UK tax authority. Kramer Morgenthau, who worked with Taylor on \"Game of Thrones\", was brought in as the director of photography. Morgenthau said, \"We wanted a grittier, boots-on-the-ground feeling, inspired by what Alan and I had done on \"Game of Thrones\". We wanted the", "id": "20839597" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nof Thrones\" also holds six world records from the Guinness Book of World Records, \"Most pirated TV program\" and \"Largest TV drama simulcast\" among others. The AFI Award, created in 2000 by the American Film Institute, is given annually to ten films and ten television programs to acknowledge the \"most significant achievements in the art of the moving image\". \"Game of Thrones\" has been awarded seven times. The American Cinema Editors presents annual awards for outstanding achievements in film editing. \"Game of Thrones", "id": "3756244" }, { "contents": "Sinbad and the Throne of the Falcon\n\n\nSinbad and the Throne of the Falcon is a 1987 action adventure computer game developed and published by Cinemaware. It is set in a fantastical Arabian Nights-esque world. The player assumes the role of Sinbad the Sailor, and is commissioned by The Princess to rid the land of the Dark Prince. The game was designed and programmed by Bill Williams for the Amiga, who also wrote \"Mind Walker\" for that platform. Like many Cinemaware games, \"Sinbad\" draws its inspiration from Hollywood, with a large influence from", "id": "5301285" }, { "contents": "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots\n\n\nRise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots is the official expansion pack to the real-time strategy video game \"Rise of Nations\". The game is the second in a series of \"Rise of Nations\" games by Big Huge Games. \"Thrones and Patriots\" had its premiere release for Microsoft Windows on April 27, 2004 in North America, and was later bundled up with \"Rise of Nations\" as the \"Gold Edition\", which was released for Windows on October 28, 2004, and for Mac OS", "id": "11389884" }, { "contents": "Interesting Times\n\n\nInteresting Times is a fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, the seventeenth book in the \"Discworld\" series, set in the Aurient (also known as Orient). The title refers to the common myth that there exists a Chinese curse \"may you live in interesting times\". Two gods, Fate and the Lady, oppose each other in a game over the outcome of the struggle for the throne of the Agatean Empire on the Counterweight Continent. The Patrician of Ankh-Morpork receives a demand that the \"Great", "id": "7181671" }, { "contents": "Telltale Games\n\n\nMinecraft\", \"Game of Thrones\", \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", and \"Batman\", but the rate of production created a \"crunch time\" culture behind the scenes, leaving poor company morale, little room for creativity to veer from the formula set by \"The Walking Dead\" or improvements on the Telltale Tool. A management shakeup occurred in early 2017, with CEO Bruner stepping down, and Pete Hawley, formerly of Zynga, brought in to fix Telltale's problems. Internal restructuring led to a", "id": "13981968" }, { "contents": "A Game of Thrones (board game)\n\n\nthe publication order of the books. This expansion is also \"Print on Demand\", meaning there is a slight variation in the physical look and feel of the cards compared to the cards that come with the second edition box. The expansion \"A Feast for Crows\" was released in 2013, and adds a new four-player scenario. An alternate victory condition, shortened play time, and a set of playable House cards for House Arryn are the main focus of this expansion. A total of 48 new cards are", "id": "6154630" }, { "contents": "Ringworld (role-playing game)\n\n\nwith humans. The Ringworld is home to some 30 trillion sentient inhabitants from up to 2000 hominid species. The world is described in a series of novels by Niven, \"Ringworld\", \"The Ringworld Engineers\", and, after the game's publication, \"The Ringworld Throne\" and \"Ringworld's Children\". The role-playing game contains a great deal of technical details about the setting, more than the fiction the setting is based on. The game setting details are complete enough that some \"Ringworld\"", "id": "6789065" }, { "contents": "The Door (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nin the scene, noting \"It's wind, mist, fog and heavy atmosphere that you'd get in a marine layer. The dramatic value is to say something's wrong; it's a mystery what they are facing. The temperature drops, and our characters can see their breath. The weather obscures their vision.\" Spain-based El Ranchito, one of several special effects companies used by \"Game of Thrones\", was responsible for the White Walker army shots. Pilou Asbæk, who was cast to play", "id": "14061113" }, { "contents": "The Spoils of War (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nthe fact that technically, at this point, any story could end at any moment.\" He gave the episode an A-. James Hibberd of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the episode an A, writing in his review, \"All the leaks in the world couldn't wreck 'The Spoils of War'. \"Game of Thrones\"' shortest episode ever — and part of the show's fastest-paced season ever — didn’t feel rushed at all, and the story's impact remained incredibly strong no matter what", "id": "15428422" }, { "contents": "The Sons of the Dragon\n\n\nThe Sons of the Dragon is a novella by George R. R. Martin, set in the fictional land of Westeros, the setting of Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series. The story commences about 270 years before the start of \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996). It portrays the death of Aegon I, known as \"Aegon the Conqueror\", and his two sons Aenys I, his successor to the throne, and Maegor I \"the Cruel\", in their respective successions to the", "id": "12155379" }, { "contents": "Parvez Sharma\n\n\nit so well it was as if branded with a hot iron, or worse into his skull. Daenerys Targaryen, in \"Game of Thrones\" knows it well. So do all the pretenders to the Iron Throne in the HBO goldmine. It's a winning formula unlike any other. Tits, dragons, and BOOM! Fear of the other is what gave a monstrous contractor and reality TV star the real-life version of the Iron Throne—the presidency of the United States last year.\" One extract on NewNowNext", "id": "21963930" }, { "contents": "The Door (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nsagas, the story and action in “Game of Thrones” are driven largely by characters moving toward and eventually becoming the people they are supposed to be. While we tend to focus on the big-ticket destinies, whether it’s Daenerys Targaryen emerging triumphantly from the flames last week or Jon Snow rising from the dead to fight again, the smaller figures have their own slots to fill.\" James Hunt of \"What Culture\" noted, \"The Door ... delivered not only the best episode of the season to date", "id": "14061121" }, { "contents": "Game of Thrones\n\n\nseason 8. Barely minutes into the episode, viewers took to social media sites such as Twitter to express their discontent about the fact that they were having severe difficulties watching the battle and trying to figure out what was going on. \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" and \"Game of Thrones\" have a broad, active international fan base. In 2012 \"Vulture.com\" ranked the series' fans as the most devoted in popular culture, more so than Lady Gaga's, Justin Bieber's, \"Harry Potter\"s or", "id": "16899672" }, { "contents": "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nthe language of the \"Game of Thrones\" score.\" He continued, \"It all felt like a perfect fit. What's great about the scene, too, is there's hardly any dialogue. It's nine minutes long. I knew I had to start minimal and give it space. Let notes ring, then give it space, and build up the anticipation from there, without tipping in either direction.\" Djawadi stated that he refrained from using the typical Lannister theme, \"The Rains of Castamere\"", "id": "21388235" }, { "contents": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones\n\n\nby an Ensemble in a Drama Series nominations rewarding all of the main cast for seasons 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. In 2015, it set a record for winning the most number of Primetime Emmy Awards for a series in a single year, with 12 wins out of 24 nominations. In 2016, it became the most awarded series in Emmy Awards history, with a total of 38 wins. To date, \"Game of Thrones\" has won 308 awards out of 628 nominations. \"Game", "id": "3756243" }, { "contents": "The Iron Throne (Game of Thrones)\n\n\nhe deserved.\" Conversely, \"TV Guide\"s consensus concluded that the Game of Thrones finale \"finished strong,\" ranking it #33 on the list of all 73 episodes. Richard Roeper, writing for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", wrote that \"over all, the finale was a solid and largely satisfying wrap-up to one of the most exciting and enthralling TV series ever,\" and was \"melancholy, bittersweet, twist-filled and at times surprisingly humorous.\" Hugh Montgomery of BBC also rated", "id": "14440001" }, { "contents": "A Sinner in Mecca: A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance\n\n\nknew it so well it was as if branded with a hot iron, or worse into his skull. Daenerys Targaryen, in \"Game of Thrones\" knows it well. So do all the pretenders to the Iron Throne in the HBO goldmine. It’s a winning formula unlike any other. Tits, dragons, and BOOM! Fear of the other is what gave a monstrous contractor and reality TV star the real-life version of the Iron Throne—the presidency of the United States last year.” One extract on", "id": "612484" } ]

[ { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nOld Lace (often nicknamed as OL) is a superheroine fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Old Lace appears in the Hulu television series \"Runaways\" which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Old Lace was created by Brian K. Vaughan and artist Adrian Alphona and debuted attacking the other characters in \"Runaways\" vol. 1 #2. Old Lace was given her name by Gertrude Yorkes after she had taken the code name Arsenic, making the pair Arsenic and Old Lace, which is a", "id": "8864442" }, { "contents": "The Boogie Man Will Get You\n\n\nThe Boogie Man Will Get You\" was the final film that Boris Karloff made under his contract with Columbia, and the studio were hoping to build on the success of the Broadway play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", which Karloff was appearing in at the time. Production of the film took place while the play was on hiatus in summer 1942. There are many similarities between the film and \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", including the presence of eccentric characters and the premise of dead bodies in the basement. As previously", "id": "16800690" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nAn hilarious entertainment, it should turn out to be one of the year's top box-office attractions.\" John Lardner of \"The New Yorker\" called the film \"practically as funny in picture form as it did on the stage, and that is very funny indeed.\" Twenty-four years after the film was released, Charles Higham and Joel Greenberg wrote \"Hollywood in the Forties\" where they stated that \"Frank Capra provided a rather overstated and strained version of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\".", "id": "5468861" }, { "contents": "Joseph Kesselring\n\n\n\" (1963). \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" was his masterpiece. It ran for 1444 performances on Broadway and 1337 performances in London, and became a staple in high school and dinner theater circuits. The 1944 movie adaptation was also a comedy hit. \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" appeared at a time of strong isolationist sentiment regarding European affairs, of the sort that was very strong at where Kesselring sent to college. The play suggested that the elite running America had a murderous heritage. Kesselring lived in a college", "id": "8880886" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\n\n\nArsenic and Old Lace is a play by American playwright Joseph Kesselring, written in 1939. It has become best known through the subsequent film adaptation starring Cary Grant and directed by Frank Capra. The play was directed by Bretaigne Windust, and opened on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre on January 10, 1941. On September 25, 1943, the play moved to the Hudson Theatre. It closed there on June 17, 1944, having played 1,444 performances. Of the twelve plays written by Kesselring, \"Arsenic and Old Lace\"", "id": "8881228" }, { "contents": "Arsenic & Old Lace\n\n\nArsenic & Old Lace is a 1962 television film directed by George Schaefer and starring Tony Randall, Dorothy Stickney, and Mildred Natwick. It first aired during season 11 of the NBC anthology series \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\". It is an adaptation of Joseph Kesselring's 1939 play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". The story is a black comedy in which drama critic Mortimer Brewster (Randall) discovers that his elderly aunts Abby and Martha (Stickney and Natwick respectively) have been poisoning their lonely male guests. Boris Karloff reprised", "id": "20498272" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nArsenic and Old Lace is a 1944 American dark comedy film directed by Frank Capra, starring Cary Grant, and based on Joseph Kesselring's play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". The script adaptation was by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. Capra actually filmed the movie in 1941 because of star Cary Grant's availability, but it was not released until 1944, after the original stage version had finished its run on Broadway. The lead role of Mortimer Brewster was originally intended for Bob Hope, but he could not be", "id": "5468850" }, { "contents": "Gertrude Yorkes\n\n\nname Arsenic and dubs her dinosaur Old Lace, a reference to the film of the same name. While the other members take codenames to be more like superheroes, Gert takes her name to cut all ties to her parents and former life. Later she and the other Runaways decide to use their real names again, but Old Lace continues with her codename, since she did not have any name before. Throughout the entire first volume, Gert refuses to answer to her given name and sticks with her codename the longest of all", "id": "7885759" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nLace refuses. Old Lace was originally intended to be part of Gert's inheritance for when her parents died but Gertrude and the rest of the Runaways stumble upon her while searching the Yorkes' basement for the body of a girl that they had witnessed their parents sacrificing. Old Lace has a telepathic bond with Gert. This lets her feel each other's thoughts and pain, and allows Old Lace to act on Gert's emotions. Old Lace got her name from Gert Yorkes, who had temporarily been using \"Arsenic\" as", "id": "8864445" }, { "contents": "Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome\n\n\nhas been following him. At the morgue, Tracy's sidekick Pat (Lyle Latell) has his back turned when Gruesome wakes up and knocks him out. Pat describes him to Tracy as looking a lot like the actor Boris Karloff (a gag cribbed from \"Arsenic and Old Lace\"). At a bank where Tess Trueheart (Anne Gwynne) happens to be, Gruesome and Melody drop a grenade with the gas into a wastebasket; when it goes off, everyone but Tess freezes in place. They rob the place", "id": "1051345" }, { "contents": "Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute\n\n\n2 plays in the NTS (formerly Sears) drama festival in addition to hosting the festival. Each year, there is a school play performed for hundreds of people including Arsenic and Old Lace (2016), Departures and Arrivals (2017) and Anne of Green Gables (2018). Dramatic productions take place in a very large and recently upgraded auditorium with a new LED lighting system installed in 2017. \"Masquerade,\" a school magazine, showcases the music, drama and visual arts programs at Lawrence Park Collegiate. Lawrence", "id": "11308051" }, { "contents": "Verona High School (New Jersey)\n\n\ntenure, The Troupers presented their first \"classic\" play: Thornton Wilder's \"Our Town\", also the last play performed at the then-VHS building that is now H. B. Whitehorne Middle School. A series of directors took the Troupers into Fairview Avenue's newly constructed Verona High School, where they performed such classics as \"The Man Who Came to Dinner\" (1958), \"You Can't Take It with You\" (1960), and \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1962). Sometime", "id": "6521043" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nher codename (essentially making the pair Arsenic and Old Lace, after the play and film of the same name). Though Gertrude later dropped the codename after deciding that some things from her parents (such as her real name) were worth keeping, Old Lace's name stuck. During their final encounter with The Pride Old Lace was briefly under the control of Alex Wilder while Gertrude was unconscious, but Gertrude quickly took control back when she came to. Seconds before Gert's death, she was able to pass her telepathic", "id": "8864446" }, { "contents": "Arsenic & Old Lace\n\n\nreportedly tried to cajole Schaefer into playing the role of Teddy in the television adaptation as well, but he declined and the part went to Tom Bosley. \"Arsenic & Old Lace\" was well-received by critics, who called it \"a fine, frolicsome TV adaptation\" and \"a well polished gem of a performance\". Director Schaefer was praised for returning the focus of the story to the sisters Abby and Martha, as it had been in the play, rather than emphasizing Mortimer's romantic subplot, as had", "id": "20498274" }, { "contents": "Angel of mercy (criminology)\n\n\nof Death\" include: For others, see . The two spinster aunts in Joseph Kesselring's play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" act as angels of mercy for lonely old men, poisoning them with elderberry wine laced with arsenic, strychnine and cyanide. The character Annie Wilkes in the Stephen King novel \"Misery\" seems to be a serial killer of this type. Additionally, \"angel of mercy\" is mentioned in Agatha Christie's novel \"By the Pricking of My Thumbs\". The novel \"The 5th Horseman\"", "id": "22062185" }, { "contents": "Karol Kot\n\n\narsenic and went to Przy Błoniach, a bar, where he took a bottle of vinegar from the counter. When certain that nobody was looking, he laced it with arsenic, hoping that somebody would later use it and be poisoned. He often left bottles of beer or soda poisoned with arsenic out in the open in popular places, but nobody ever drank them. He once poured a large quantity of arsenic into a schoolmate's drink, but the boy noticed a suspicious smell and refused to drink it. During the trial", "id": "14209753" }, { "contents": "Mo Alexander\n\n\nwent to the predominantly black private catholic school, Father Bertrand Elementary, where he balanced being a computer nerd and playing basketball while trying to find his place. This is where he found that humor would get him out of bad situations. His high school years were spent at Memphis Catholic High School hanging out with the nerdier set of kids who also had his twisted version of humor. This is where he found Monty Python and British comedian Lenny Henry and his first theatrical work in the play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"", "id": "16056395" }, { "contents": "Peter Lorre\n\n\nreturned to comedy with the role of Dr. Einstein in Frank Capra's version of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (released in 1944), and starring Cary Grant and Raymond Massey. Writing in 1944, film critic Manny Farber described what he called Lorre's \"double-take job\", a characteristic dramatic flourish \"where the actor's face changes rapidly from laughter, love or a security that he doesn't really feel to a face more sincerely menacing, fearful or deadpan.\" Lorre's last film for Warner was", "id": "16737238" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nTimes\" critic summed up the majority view, \"As a whole, \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", the Warner picture which came to the Strand yesterday, is good macabre fun.\" \"Variety\" declared, \"Capra's production, not elaborate, captures the color and spirit of the play, while the able writing team of Julius J. and Philip G. Epstein has turned in a very workable, tightly-compressed script. Capra's own intelligent direction rounds out.\" \"Harrison's Reports\" wrote: \"", "id": "5468860" }, { "contents": "John Alexander (actor)\n\n\n, in the 1944 classic film \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" opposite Cary Grant. He had previously portrayed that role in the 1941 Broadway play of the same name on which the film was based. He went on to play the \"real\" Roosevelt in the 1950 Bob Hope comedy \"Fancy Pants\" and reprised his role as Teddy \"Roosevelt\" Brewster in the 1955 TV adaption of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" in the anthology series \"The Best of Broadway\". Among his other notable film roles, Alexander played", "id": "16610059" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\n\n\nthrough with his recent promise to marry the woman he loves, Elaine Harper, who lives next door and is the daughter of the local minister. His family includes two spinster aunts who have taken to murdering lonely old men by poisoning them with a glass of home-made elderberry wine laced with arsenic, strychnine, and \"just a pinch\" of cyanide; a brother who believes he is Theodore Roosevelt and digs locks for the Panama Canal in the cellar of the Brewster home (which then serve as graves for the aunts", "id": "8881230" }, { "contents": "Josephine Hull\n\n\nCan't Take It with You\" (1936), as a homicidal old lady in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1941), and in \"Harvey\" (1944). The plays all had long runs, and took up ten years of Hull's career. Her last Broadway play, \"The Solid Gold Cadillac\" (1954–55), was later made into a film version with the much younger Judy Holliday in the role. Hull made only six films, beginning in 1927 with a small part in the", "id": "2650036" }, { "contents": "Windsor, Connecticut\n\n\na three-track-wide plate girder bridge was installed to carry tracks over Palisado Avenue n Windsor Center. The Joseph Kesselring stage play and Frank Capra movie \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" was inspired by actual events that took place in a three-story brick house on Prospect Street, just off the north end of the Windsor green. Sixty men died between 1907 and 1917 while in the care of Amy Archer-Gilligan. Most were proven to be victims of arsenic poisoning. On historic Palisado Avenue, one can find", "id": "17977482" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nOld Lace becomes loyal to Chase. Chase uses Old Lace much more aggressively then Gertrude did, ordering her to rip an enemy's throat out. However, Old Lace does not follow Chase's order quite as well as she followed those of Gert. Old Lace sometimes protests and Chase has to remind her that he is in charge of her now. Just as with Gertrude, the psychic link with Chase shares the same disadvantage in that if either is injured, they will both share the pain. Alex was the original leader", "id": "8864456" }, { "contents": "Madison High School (New Jersey)\n\n\ntime in 1978. These productions include \"Barefoot in the Park\" (1978), \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1979), \"Don't Drink the Water\" (1980), \"Shubert Alley\" (1981), \"Blithe Spirit\" (1982), \"See How They Run\" (1983), \"The Murder Room\" (1984), \"You Can't Take it With You\" (1985), \"The Man Who Came to Dinner\" (1986), \"Do", "id": "20209233" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nhoneymoon and Mortimer returns to Abby (Josephine Hull) and Martha (Jean Adair), the aunts who raised him in the old family home. Mortimer's brother, Teddy (John Alexander), who believes he is Theodore Roosevelt, resides with them. Each time Teddy goes upstairs, he yells \"Charge!\" and takes the stairs at a run, imitating Roosevelt's famous charge up San Juan Hill. Searching for the notes for his next book, Mortimer finds a corpse hidden in the window seat. He assumes", "id": "5468854" }, { "contents": "Onion Pie Murder\n\n\nnot to risk influencing others to commit the same crimes and ultimately meet the same end. French murdered her husband by lacing his meal with 3d worth of arsenic in Horsebridge. The arsenic had been bought by her husband in order to kill mice in their house, and he gave it to Sarah to put away in a safe place where their child or anyone else could not find it. The meal in question, an onion pie, was served to William French on Christmas Eve in 1851. That morning, Sarah French told", "id": "10677815" }, { "contents": "Meet John Doe\n\n\nthe United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication. It was the first of two features Capra made for Warner Brothers, after he left Columbia Pictures. His second film for Warners was an adaptation of the Broadway play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" and was filmed in 1941 but not released until 1944 because the producers of the play wouldn't allow the film to be shown until the production closed. Infuriated at being told to write one final column after being laid off from her", "id": "17857500" }, { "contents": "City Island, Bronx\n\n\ndollars and there is a small gift shop. The building was PS17 in its prior life. The Island has landmarks such as the Samuel Pell Mansion on City Island Avenue, near St. Mary Star of the Sea Church. It is where \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1969) was filmed for TV. There are a number of old Victorian mansions located throughout City Island, mostly on the Sound side, complete with tall pointy spires and gables with gazebos, such as Delmours Point on Tier Street. The City Island Theater", "id": "20534613" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nof the Runaways. He learned of Old Lace's existence before even Gertrude and masterminded a plan for her to stumble upon Old Lace seemingly accidentally. During the final battle with The Pride, Gertrude tells Old Lace that if anything happens to her, OL should obey Alex's commands. However, Gertrude is unaware that Alex is the team's traitor and is actually working for The Pride. Alex sees to it that Gertrude is knocked out and assumes control over Old Lace. Old Lace follows Alex until Gertrude revives and immediately takes", "id": "8864457" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\n\n\nBethel College was a school of the pacifist Mennonite church. The play appeared at a time of strong isolationist sentiment regarding European affairs. The \"murderous old lady\" plot line may also have been inspired by actual events that occurred in a house on Prospect St in Windsor, Connecticut, where a woman, Amy Archer-Gilligan, took in boarders, promising \"lifetime care\", and poisoned them for their pensions. M. William Phelps book \"The Devil's Rooming House\" tells the story of the police officers and reporters", "id": "8881233" }, { "contents": "Fuddy Meers\n\n\n200 venues across the United States. The play was nominated for the 2000 Outer Critics Circle John Gassner Playwrighting Award. Reactions were mixed when Sam Mendes launched the first British production of the play. The reviewer in \"The Guardian\" pointed to \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" and \"You Can't Take It with You\" as examples that Americans (in his opinion) had a tradition of works \"in which wackiness was a sign of liberating individualism\", but that \"...it means little to us here.\"", "id": "15163437" }, { "contents": "No Place to Go (2000 film)\n\n\n), a playwright, and tells him she plans to kill herself with arsenic. They both smoke another cigarette, and Ronald talks Hanna into putting the arsenic bottle away. She was already in a bad way, addicted to nicotine and pills, and unable to sleep. Now, she is badly shaken by the news from Berlin, mainly for ideological reasons: the chance of Lenin's utopian ideas taking root in West Germany is now much less likely. It does not help that East Germany was the only country where her", "id": "9701582" }, { "contents": "Kitty Kornered\n\n\nin the snow, Porky turns to the camera and asks the audience if they have a vacancy for a house. \"Milkman, Keep Those Bottles Quiet\" was a World War II hit song by Ella Mae Morse, and was sung by Nancy Walker in the movie Broadway Rhythm. The wine that the grey drunken cat was drinking says \"Arsenic and Old Grapes\" is a parody to \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". On Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries, the \"Men from Mars\" characters made an appearance in \"Spaced", "id": "13280655" }, { "contents": "Lionheart (Kate Bush album)\n\n\n\"), as well as a nod towards \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" in the song \"Coffee Homeground\", which despite being similar in plot to the play, was inspired by a taxi driver who drove Bush once. Film references include \"Hammer Horror\", while although taking its name from the Hammer Film studios, is actually about a production of \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\". The British television show \"The Sweeney\", a popular police drama from the 1970s, was mentioned in the lyrics of", "id": "13793749" }, { "contents": "Charles Lane (actor)\n\n\nCharles Lane (born Charles Gerstle Levison; January 26, 1905 – July 9, 2007) was an American character actor and centenarian whose career spanned 72 years. Lane gave his last performance at the age of 95 as a narrator in 2000. Lane appeared in many Frank Capra films, including \"You Can't Take It With You\" (1938), \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\" (1939), \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), \"It's a Wonderful Life\" (1946)", "id": "9249699" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nin horror that Teddy's delusions have led him to murder. Abby and Martha cheerfully explain that they are responsible, that they minister to lonely old bachelors by ending their \"suffering\". They post a \"Room for Rent\" sign to attract a victim, then serve a cup of elderberry wine spiked with arsenic, strychnine and \"just a pinch of cyanide\" while getting acquainted. The bodies are buried in the basement by Teddy, who believes they are yellow fever victims who perished in the building of the Panama Canal", "id": "5468855" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\n. An outside source manages to send a UAV flying into the Runaways' Malibu home, in the upstairs living room where Klara and Old Lace lie. Nico, Victor and Karolina rush to save Klara and Old Lace - upon arriving at the top, however, it's revealed that Old Lace had heard the UAV coming but had only enough time to shield Klara with her body. Old Lace succeeds in protecting Klara but dies as a result. In issue #13 Molly notices that Old Lace's body is missing. In", "id": "8864449" }, { "contents": "Grossmont High School\n\n\n. Theatre arts are likely to have begun with pastor-friendly amusements typical for high schools early on. It was Raymond Kniss who introduced the higher quality of Broadway initiation of shows in 1948–1950 with Arsenic and Old Lace, You Can't Take it With You, Our Town, and George Washington Slept Here. The first foreign-origin play at Grossmont was from 1917 Ireland. This was Robert Halvorsen's production in 1957 of J. M. Synge's hauntingly beautiful but dark The Playboy of the Western World–in brogue and with", "id": "20567375" }, { "contents": "Dinner theater\n\n\nwhile.\" He also said that, in 1999, you could count the number of surviving professional dinner theaters on two hands. There was a stigma attached to dinner theater, and audiences got tired of such shows as \"The Last of the Red Hot Lovers\" and \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". After 2000, new dinner theaters began opening. Chicago's original Drury Lane Water Tower Place was founded in 1976, but closed in 1983. A new, $7 million version opened in 2004. The Desert Star", "id": "12772165" }, { "contents": "Clinton Sundberg\n\n\nPine Street\" (1933). His most notable roles were Mr. Kraler in the original 1957 production of \"The Diary of Anne Frank\" and Mortimer Brewster (as a replacement) in the 1944 \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". He became a contract player at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer where he appeared in numerous supporting roles in films of the late 1940s and early 1950s. He played Mike, the bartender who listens to Judy Garland's character's troubles in \"Easter Parade\". One of Sundberg's most memorable", "id": "10700369" }, { "contents": "Charles Knox Robinson\n\n\nto the screen in 1996, at age 64, for one small final role, that of an unnamed lawyer for Matthew Broderick's character in the black comedy \"The Cable Guy\", where he was billed 44th in the end credits as Charles Knox Robinson, III. He appeared in the 2001 Palm Canyon Theatre Productions \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" and \"The Man Who Came to Dinner\". His lifelong entertainment career included his talents as an award-winning playwright, singer, songwriter, musician, linguist and magician", "id": "20173834" }, { "contents": "Lexa Doig\n\n\nand Juliet\" and \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". Her first television acting role was as \"Second Girl\" on \"The Hidden Room\" in 1993. Her first recurring role was in the TV series \"TekWar\" in 1994 where she portrayed the role of Cowgirl. Her first movie role was in \"Jungleground\" (1995). Doig got her first big break with a starring role in the movie \"No Alibi\" in 2000. She also landed the title role in Gene Roddenberry's sci-fi TV", "id": "20604392" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\n\n\nBrewster when he compares the stories of his eccentric, and frequently murderous and disturbed, family as being as if \"...Strindberg wrote \"Hellzapoppin\".\" The opening night cast consisted of: When Kesselring taught at Bethel College in North Newton, Kansas, he lived in a boarding house called the Goerz House, and many of the features of its living room are reflected in the Brewster sisters' living room, where the action of the play is set. The Goerz House is now the home of the college president.", "id": "8881232" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\n's life by sliding down the wall with her claws. Old Lace's claws are also shown to be incredibly sharp, to a point where she can break through and hold onto a wall. Gert discovered that she had a telepathic bond to Old Lace when the dinosaur halted from attacking the Runaways because Gert yelled out \"NO!\" in fear. In one of the Runaways' early encounters with the Pride, Gert also discovered she had an empathic bond to Old Lace when she experienced the same pain Old Lace felt.", "id": "8864453" }, { "contents": "Joseph Kesselring\n\n\nhouse that would later be the basis of the set of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", and locals have tried to identify who were some of the character models he used. Kesselring was an Episcopalian who did not fit in well with the strait-laced college. He dropped out of college in 1924. Kesselring died on November 5, 1967, in Kingston, New York, at the age of 65. In 1980, the National Arts Club created the Joseph Kesselring Prize for up-and-coming playwrights. It", "id": "8880887" }, { "contents": "Bretaigne Windust\n\n\nfor many years. It remains the longest running non musical show in Broadway history) In quick succession, he followed with \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" and \"Strip for Action\", giving him three hits running on Broadway at the same time. In 1947, Windust relocated to Hollywood, where he worked as the dialogue director on \"Stallion Road\" starring Ronald Reagan. His film directing career included two 1948 Bette Davis vehicles, the melodramatic \"Winter Meeting\" and the screwball comedy \"June Bride\". The latter", "id": "11115035" }, { "contents": "Kenneth MacDonald (English actor)\n\n\nFranciscan College in Buckingham, where he took part in school productions, notably \"The Business of Good Government\", in which he played Herod, and \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". Ken left school at eighteen to help support his mother Emily. He took a job at a Kellogg's cornflakes factory. During night shifts he would perform \"Hamlet\" and other Shakespeare plays that he had learned at school, earning the nickname \"Hamlet\". MacDonald met his wife Sheila while he was appearing in panto in Crewe in", "id": "14299974" }, { "contents": "Chase Stein\n\n\n. An outside source manages to send a UAV flying into the Runaways' Malibu home, in the upstairs living room where Klara and Old Lace lie. Nico, Victor and Karolina rush to save Klara and Old Lace - upon arriving at the top, however, it's revealed that Old Lace had shielded Klara, who ends up alive. Old Lace, however, dies. Chase, feeling her death because of their link, falls into a slump and repeatedly mutters an apology for Gert. In \"Runaways\" Vol.", "id": "7885831" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nreleased from his contract with Paramount Pictures. Capra had also approached Jack Benny and Ronald Reagan before learning that Grant would accept the role. Boris Karloff played Jonathan Brewster, who \"looks like Karloff,\" on the Broadway stage, but he was unable to do the film as well because he was still appearing in the play during filming, and Raymond Massey took his place. The film's supporting cast also features Priscilla Lane, Jack Carson, Edward Everett Horton and Peter Lorre. Josephine Hull and Jean Adair portray the Brewster", "id": "5468851" }, { "contents": "Vera Renczi\n\n\nShe also feared he would soon leave her to marry someone so she held him in her arms as he lay dying so she would be the last person to hug him. She was convicted of 35 murders and sentenced to life imprisonment, where she subsequently died. Some have speculated that Renczi's story may have inspired Joseph Kesselring's play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", yet this is incorrect. It was the Amy Archer-Gilligan case which the playwright used as his model. In 2005, The Discovery Channel's three", "id": "12864512" }, { "contents": "Torchon lace\n\n\nTorchon lace (Dutch: stropkant) is a bobbin lace that was made all over Europe. It is continuous, with the pattern made at the same time as the ground. Torchon lace is notable for being coarse and strong, as well as its simple geometric patterns and straight lines. It does not use representational designs. Torchon lace was used by the middle classes for edging or insertion, and also to trim cotton and linen underwear, where it was ideal because of its strength and because it was inexpensive. Torchon lace", "id": "14127343" }, { "contents": "Old North Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)\n\n\nThe Old North Cemetery is a cemetery on Main Street in the Clay-Arsenal neighborhood north of downtown Hartford, Connecticut. It was established in 1807, and was the city's second municipal cemetery. It was the principal burying ground for the city's elites for many years, and has a fine collection of 19th-century funerary art. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. Although burials continue to take place there occasionally, they only take place on existing plots. Hartford's first cemetery,", "id": "7412191" }, { "contents": "Polly Holliday\n\n\nBest Supporting Actress. On the Broadway stage, she has appeared in revivals of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1986) as Martha Brewster, one of the dotty, homicidal, sweet old aunties; \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1990), for which she was nominated for a Tony for her portrayal of Big Mama; and \"Picnic\" (1994). She also appeared in the 1998 remake of \"The Parent Trap\" as the director of Camp Walden. In 2000, she appeared at", "id": "1684724" }, { "contents": "White Anglo-Saxon Protestant\n\n\nfilms, including \"Annie Hall\" and \"Meet the Parents\", have used the conflicts between WASP families and urban Jewish families for comedic effect. The 1939 Broadway play \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", later adapted into a Hollywood film released in 1944, ridiculed the old American elite. The play and film depict \"old-stock British Americans\" a decade before they were tagged as WASPS. The playwright A. R. Gurney (1930-2017), himself of WASP heritage, has written a series of plays that", "id": "5926858" }, { "contents": "Royal Arsenal\n\n\nproof-testing, which continued to take place on ranges to the east; (over the next hundred years the proof ranges were moved progressively further eastwards as the Arsenal continued to expand). From the beginning, gun carriages had been stored at the Warren (unlike the guns themselves the wooden carriages had to be kept under cover). The first store ('Old Carriage Yard') had been built as early as 1682, and probably also contained workshops for the repair or scrapping of old carriages. In 1697 a", "id": "14739317" }, { "contents": "Robertson Hare\n\n\n, in which he was cast as Erronius to Frankie Howerd's Pseudolus. In the 1960s Hare toured in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\". In 1962 he briefly escaped type-casting, appearing with Wilfrid Hyde White in a comedy called \"Crooks Anonymous\", in which he played an old lag, his familiar bald head disguised under a wig. In 1968 he joined Naunton Wayne in \"Oh, Clarence!\", an adaptation of a P. G. Wodehouse Blandings novel, which he played in London, on tour in", "id": "1882166" }, { "contents": "Sybil Thorndike\n\n\nwas warmly received both in Liverpool and the Haymarket. She also undertook tours of Australia and South Africa, before playing again with Olivier in \"Uncle Vanya\" at Chichester in 1962. She made her farewell appearance with her husband in a London revival of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" at the Vaudeville Theatre in 1966. Her last stage performance was at the Thorndike Theatre in Leatherhead, Surrey, in \"There Was an Old Woman\" in 1969, the year Lewis Casson died. Her final acting appearance was in a TV", "id": "7847401" }, { "contents": "Lace wig\n\n\nis affixed to the area where the glue has been applied on the hairline, creating a tight bond which keeps the lace wig in place on the head. Some lace wigs also have what is referred to as \"baby hair\" around the temple areas which is used to cover up any visible signs of lace on the forehead, and the baby hair also helps to create a realistic hairline. Once applied the lace or lace front wig can stay in place for weeks at a time and maintained with shampoo and styling in the", "id": "14754392" }, { "contents": "Helium compounds\n\n\ninto the crystal causes a more uniform stress on the AsO molecules. No actual bond is formed from arsenic to helium despite the lone pairs of electrons available. The diffusion of helium into arsenolite is a slow process taking days at a pressure around 3 GPa. However if the pressure on the crystal is too high (13 GPa) helium penetration does not take place, as the gaps between arsenolite molecules become too small. Neon does not diffuse into arsenolite. Helium can be inserted into the A sites of negative thermal expansion perovskites", "id": "5274296" }, { "contents": "2016–17 Arsenal F.C. season\n\n\ntime where Alexis Sánchez scored the winning goal to book Arsenal's place in the final against Chelsea. Their improvement in form was highlighted three days later when they beat Leicester 1–0 with a late Robert Huth own goal. However, their decline was also shown when they lost 2–0 to Spurs in the last ever North London Derby to take place at White Hart Lane before its demolition. The result meant Spurs would finish above Arsenal for the first time in over 20 years. Arsenal started its transfer business early, acquiring Swiss midfielder Granit", "id": "13157710" }, { "contents": "Film adaptation\n\n\n\"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), \"Born Yesterday\" (1950), \"Harvey\" (1950), \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1951), \"The Odd Couple\" (1968), \"The Boys in the Band\" (1970), \"Agnes of God\" (1985), \"Children of a Lesser God\" (1986), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), \"Real Women Have Curves\" (2002), \"Rabbit Hole\" (2010),", "id": "4545256" }, { "contents": "Cable lacing\n\n\nCable lacing is a method for tying wiring harnesses and cable looms, traditionally used in telecommunication, naval, and aerospace applications. This old cable management technique, taught to generations of linemen, is still used in some modern applications since it does not create obstructions along the length of the cable, avoiding the handling problems of cables groomed by plastic or hook-and-loop cable ties. Cable lacing uses a thin cord, traditionally made of waxed linen, to bind together a group of cables using a series of running lockstitches", "id": "9109014" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\n#14, Chase sees a girl resembling Gert. Before he runs out onto the street and gets hit by a truck, the girl yells at him to stop. Behind her in the shadows a dinosaur can be seen. Years later, \"Avengers Academy\" revealed that Old Lace had in fact merely been transported to another dimension where she was alive and well, and she was rescued by the rest of the team. However she is not well since she hasn't seen Chase and isn't eating food. Old Lace", "id": "8864450" }, { "contents": "Harry Oliver\n\n\nBut I will warn you right now, the current owner does not take to trespassers, and does not want anybody poking around the old place. Seriously.\" Moving to San Juan Capistrano in the late 1930s, where he managed a general store–trading post after retiring from Hollywood, he may have built another adobe house for himself, but documentation on this is sparse. And when he finally moved to Thousand Palms, California he built his famous Old Fort Oliver, \"as old as the hills, 'cause that's", "id": "14589725" }, { "contents": "Fred Gwynne\n\n\nfond recollections of Herman, saying in later life, \"... I might as well tell you the truth. I love old Herman Munster. Much as I try not to, I can't stop liking that fellow.\" After his iconic role in \"The Munsters\", he found himself typecast, unable to gain new cinema character roles for over two years. In 1969, he was cast as Jonathan Brewster in a television production of \"Arsenic and Old Lace.\" (The Brewster character had originally been played by", "id": "12005263" }, { "contents": "Jean Adair\n\n\nJean Adair (born Violet McNaughton; June 13, 1873 – May 11, 1953) was a Canadian actress. Born as Violet McNaughton in Hamilton, Ontario, she worked primarily on stage but also made several film appearances late in her career, most notably as Aunt Martha, one of Cary Grant's dotty old aunts in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", a role she originated on Broadway. Her final performance was as the beloved matriarch Rebecca Nurse in the original production of \"The Crucible\". Like many stage actresses", "id": "417550" }, { "contents": "Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\n\n\nThe Brewster family of Brooklyn, New York, is descended from \"Mayflower\" settlers. Several illustrious forebears' portraits line the walls of the ancestral home. Mortimer Brewster (Cary Grant), a writer who has repeatedly denounced marriage as \"an old fashioned superstition\", falls in love with Elaine Harper (Priscilla Lane), the minister's daughter who grew up next door to him. On Halloween day, Mortimer and Elaine get engaged. Elaine goes to her father's house to tell her father and pack for the", "id": "5468853" }, { "contents": "Christian theology\n\n\n[[Westminster Confession]] (chapter XXXII) states: The question then arises: where exactly does the disembodied soul \"go\" at death? Theologians refer to this subject as the [[intermediate state]]. The [[Old Testament]] speaks of a place called \"[[sheol]]\" where the spirits of the dead reside. In the [[New Testament]], \"[[hades]]\", the classical Greek realm of the dead, takes the place of \"", "id": "1414560" }, { "contents": "Martin Miller (actor)\n\n\nas Dr. Einstein in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" and Mr. Paravicini in \"The Mousetrap\". Miller appeared in several notable films, including \"Squadron Leader X\" (1943), \"English Without Tears\" (1944), \"The Third Man\" (1949), \"The Gamma People\" (1956), \"Peeping Tom\" (1960), \"55 Days at Peking\" (1963), \"The V.I.P.s\" (1963), \"The Pink Panther\" (1963), and \"", "id": "18225375" }, { "contents": "Henry J. Kaiser High School (California)\n\n\n\", \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\", \"Harvey\", \"Annie Get Your Gun\", \"Picnic\", \"Little Shop of Horrors\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"Into the Woods\", \"Little Women\", \"Once Upon A Mattress\", \"The Mousetrap\", \"A Christmas Story\", \"Once On This Island\", \"Fools\", \"A Christmas Carol\", \"Seussical the Musical\", \"Twelve Angry Men\",", "id": "21031792" }, { "contents": "Orry-Kelly\n\n\nfor \"An American in Paris\", \"Les Girls\", and \"Some Like It Hot\") and was nominated for a fourth (for \"Gypsy\"). Orry-Kelly worked on many films now considered classics, including \"42nd Street\", \"The Maltese Falcon\", \"Casablanca\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"Harvey\", \"Oklahoma!\", \"Auntie Mame\", and \"Some Like It Hot\". He designed for all the great actresses of the day", "id": "21225784" }, { "contents": "Shootout\n\n\n-old Jonathan Jackson entered a courthouse in Marin County, California with an arsenal of weapons. After storming into a room where a trial was taking place, Jackson armed defendant James McClain, who was on trial for murdering a prison guard, and two fellow convicts who were participating in the trial as witnesses, William Christmas and Ruchell Magee. The four armed men then took the judge, a district attorney and three jurors hostage, and marched them out of the courthouse into a waiting getaway van. As they attempted to flee", "id": "3591851" }, { "contents": "God's Son (album)\n\n\nand Nas, it samples James Brown's \"The Boss\", the percussion from James Brown's \"Funky Drummer\" and \"Rock Creek Park\" by The Blackbyrds. Its lyrics detail 3 loosely described criminal stories from different locations. The first story takes place in New York City, New York, where an alleged criminal steals the gun of a court officer, and starts shooting. The 2nd story deals with cocaine dealers from Tennessee who provide Nas with a laced blunt. The final story takes place in Los Angeles where", "id": "6162270" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nGert's telepathic bond to Old Lace allowed her to directly communicate with the dinosaur and command it to do anything she wished. The bond worked both ways, enabling Old Lace to transfer her thoughts directly to Gert, but Old Lace could not give commands to Gert in the same fashion. Old Lace was unconditionally loyal to Gert, even to the point of fighting against the team; Old Lace once lashed out at Nico without Gert's orders when Gert and Nico had their brief falling out. Gert and Old Lace's empathic", "id": "8864454" }, { "contents": "Derby Playhouse\n\n\nthe Stairs\" together with re-interpretations of classics such as \"A Doll's House\" and \"Jane Eyre\". There were also plays from the popular repertoire such as \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"Gaslight\" and \"Noises Off\" alongside new work such as \"Sunday's Children\", \"The Queen of Spades\", \"Selling the Sizzle\" and \"Self Portrait\" and a series of co-productions with such companies as Shared Experience, Paines Plough and Temba. During this period,", "id": "2540940" }, { "contents": "Marjorie B. Kellogg\n\n\nBuffalo\" starring Al Pacino, \"Da\", \"Requiem for a Heavyweight\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"Steaming\", and \"The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas\", \"Saint Joan\", \"The Seagull\", \"Joe Egg\", \"A Month of Sundays\", and \"Moose Murders\". Broadway designs for Circle in the Square include \"Spokesong\", \"Heartbreak House\" and \"Present Laughter\". Off-Broadway, Kellogg has designed for the New York Shakespeare", "id": "522113" }, { "contents": "Mary Wesley\n\n\nreveals a sharp and critical eye which neatly dissects the idiosyncrasies of genteel England with humour, compassion and irony, detailing in particular sexual and emotional values. Her style has been described as \"arsenic without the old lace\". Others have described it as \"Jane Austen plus sex\", a description Wesley herself thought ridiculous. As a woman who was liberated before her time Mary Wesley challenged social assumptions about the old, confessed to bad behaviour and recommended sex. In doing so she smashed the stereotype of the disapproving, judgmental", "id": "2911185" }, { "contents": "Eric G. Stacey\n\n\nWarner Brothers Studio. Some of the more notable Warner Brothers films Stacey worked on as a Production Manager were \"A Passage to Marseilles,\" (1943), \"Arsenic and Old Lace,\" (1944), \"The Big Sleep,\" (1945), \"Life With Father,\" (1946), \"Romance on the High Seas,\" (1947), \"The Fountainhead,\" (1948). From 1949 to 1954, Stacey served as Assistant to T.C. Wright, and from 1955 to", "id": "12646246" }, { "contents": "Dorothy Bromiley\n\n\n. Directed by Peter Brook, it also starred Paul Scofield and Richard Johnson, and was set on board a plane that develops engine trouble. Bromiley also had roles in such popular television series as \"The Adventures of Robin Hood\" (1956) as Lady Rowena (\"Hubert\" episode), \"Armchair Theatre\" (1957), \"Play of the Week\" (\"Arsenic and Old Lace\") (1958), \"Saturday Playhouse\" (\"The Shop at Sly Corner\") (1960),", "id": "13118747" }, { "contents": "Edward Everett Horton\n\n\n(1937), \"Holiday\" (1938), \"Here Comes Mr. Jordan\" (1941), \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), \"Pocketful of Miracles\" (1961), \"It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World\" (1963), and \"Sex and the Single Girl\" (1964). His last role was in the comedy film \"Cold Turkey\" (1971), in which his character communicated only through facial expressions. Horton continued to appear in", "id": "14573705" }, { "contents": "Union Catholic Regional High School\n\n\nspring musical: \"Sugar\" which is based on the movie \"Some Like it Hot\". Some of their past plays include: \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"Fools,\" and \"Inspecting Carol\". Some of their past musicals might include: \"Pippin\", \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\", \"Honk!\", and \"Seussical.\" In 2007 the fall comedy was \"The Musical Comedy Murders of 1940\", and the spring musical production was \"", "id": "16016581" }, { "contents": "Bruce Gordon (actor)\n\n\nthe original cast of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" on Broadway. He had an \"Introducing\" credit in the 1949 Marx Brothers film \"Love Happy\". On television, he appeared in numerous episodes of such early programs as \"The Goldbergs\", \"The Nash Airflyte Theater\", \"Studio One\", \"Justice\", \"Kraft Television Theatre\", \"Robert Montgomery Presents\", \"The Californians\", \"Whirlybirds\", and \"Decoy\". In 1957, he guest starred on the ABC", "id": "8238738" }, { "contents": "Martha Rofheart\n\n\nalso known as \"Portrait of a Lady in Red\", was sold at auction in 1984 and is in a private collection. As an actress in the 1940s and 1950s, Martha Jones made her Broadway debut with Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne in \"The Pirate\" in 1942, and was Miss Fontanne's protege. She appeared in \"Blithe Spirit (play)\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"The Heiress\", \"The Respectful Prostitute\", and other plays, both on Broadway and on tour", "id": "8707604" }, { "contents": "Peter Michael Goetz\n\n\nAll My Sons\", \"A Moon for the Misbegotten\", \"The National Health\", \"An Enemy of the People\", \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\", \"The Matchmaker\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"Waiting for Godot\", \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", and \"The Taming of the Shrew\". Goetz made his Broadway debut as John Barrymore in the 1981 Colleen Dewhurst-directed play \"Ned and Jack\", which closed on opening night. Additional", "id": "9458388" }, { "contents": "Salvation of a Saint\n\n\nYoshitaka Mashiba, who was about to leave his marriage and his wife, is poisoned by arsenic-laced coffee and dies. His wife, Ayane, is the obvious suspect—but she was hundreds of miles away when he was murdered. The Police Detective Kusanagi refuses to believe that she could have had anything to do with the crime. His assistant, Kaoru Utsumi, however, is convinced Ayane is guilty. While Utsumi’s instincts tell her one thing, the facts of the case are another matter. So she does", "id": "19591420" }, { "contents": "Old Lace (comics)\n\n\nlink with Old Lace to her boyfriend Chase Stein, since her death would have killed Lace as well via their telepathic link. Even though Old Lace has a telepathic bond with Chase now, she has been shown to have some free will. This is first shown when Old Lace attacks a vampire named Topher, despite Gertrude telling her to stop and again when Chase ties Nico up and Old Lace growls and tries to stop Chase. Chase, after his girlfriend's death, has been using Old Lace in a much more angry", "id": "8864447" }, { "contents": "Boris Karloff\n\n\nacrobatic dead faint as the monster stomped into home plate. Karloff finished a six picture commitment with Monogram with \"The Ape\" (1940). He and Lugosi appeared in a comedy at RKO, \"You'll Find Out\" (1941), then he went to Columbia for \"The Devil Commands\" (1941) and \"The Boogie Man Will Get You\" (1941). An enthusiastic performer, he returned to the Broadway stage in the original production of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" in 1941, in", "id": "18615318" }, { "contents": "Richwoods High School\n\n\nRecent past themes have included \"Candyland: \"Life's Too Sweet to be a Dum-Dum\"\" (2008) and \"Las Vegas: \"Don't Gamble with your Life\"\" (2007). Twice a year, Richwoods High School students perform on-stage. In the fall, students perform a play: in 2005, \"The Bad Seed\"; in 2006, \"Peter Pan\"; in 2007, \"Arsenic and Old Lace\"; in 2008,\"Our Town\"; and in 2009 \"", "id": "19771468" }, { "contents": "Taško Načić\n\n\nnumerous plays such as: \"Arsenik i stare čipke\" (Arsenic and Old Lace), \"Kartoteka\", \"Kralj Ibi\" (King Ubu), \"Viktor ili Deca na vlasti\" (Victor, or Power to the Children), \"Kafanica, sudnica, ludnica\", \"Kape dole\" (Caps Down), \"Galeb\" (The Seagull), \"Mark i šuma gusta\", \"Rado ide Srbin u vojnike\" (Gladly the Serb joins the Army), \"Maratonci trče počasni", "id": "19955841" }, { "contents": "June Bronhill\n\n\nIolanthe\") and Ruth (\"The Pirates of Penzance\"). She also had roles in \"The Maid of the Mountains\", \"Call Me Madam\", \"A Little Night Music\", \"Nunsense\", \"My Fair Lady\" and \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\" as well as appearing in the non-musical plays \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" and \"Straight and Narrow\". Bronhill also appeared in the role of Mrs Crawford in the television comedy series \"Are You", "id": "2852808" }, { "contents": "Comedy film\n\n\nthis type of film would be those produced by Monty Python. Others include \"Duck Soup\" (1933) and \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" (1978). The black comedy film deals with normally taboo subjects, including death, murder, crime, suicide, and war, in a satirical manner. Examples include \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), \"Monsieur Verdoux\" (1947), \"Kind Hearts and Coronets\" (1949), \"The Ladykillers\" (1955), \"\"", "id": "5603270" }, { "contents": "Gunn Wållgren\n\n\nThe Seagull\" 1955, Masha in Chekhov's \"Three Sisters\" 1958, Isabella in Shakespeare's \"Measure for Measure\" 1958, Nora in Ibsen's \"A Doll's House\" 1962, Gerda in Strindberg's \"Storm\" 1964, Mrs. Alving in Ibsen's \"Ghosts\" 196?, the grand portrayal of Madame Liubov Andreievna Ranevskaya in \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Chekhov in 1967, Martha Brewster in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" in 1970, the title role of \"Agnes\" in Kent Andersson's", "id": "6510517" }, { "contents": "Volley (football)\n\n\nas a result of a cross or a corner. In this instance, one attacking player passes the ball across the goal in the air, and the other player (either standing in place or in motion) strikes the ball with his foot before it hits the ground. This is advantageous over a normal strike in that the player does not need to trap the ball, taking an extra touch and allowing the goalkeeper a few extra seconds to react. Generally, the ball is struck on the laces with the toe pointing downward", "id": "19334292" }, { "contents": "The Collection (play)\n\n\nThe Collection is a 1961 play by Harold Pinter featuring two couples, James and Stella and Harry and Bill. It is a comedy laced with typically \"Pinteresque\" ambiguity and \"implications of threat and strong feeling produced through colloquial language, apparent triviality, and long pauses\" (\"Oxford English Dictionary\"). \"The Collection\" takes place on a divided stage, shared by a house in London's Belgravia, and a flat in Chelsea, with another space between them where telephone calls take place; according to Pinter", "id": "5282109" }, { "contents": "Grant Mitchell (actor)\n\n\nhad a rare lead role in the B film comedy \"Father Is a Prince\" (1940). He made many notable appearances in high-profile films such as \"Dinner At Eight\" (1933 David O. Selznick film), \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (1935, as Egeus), \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\" (1939, as a Washington senator), \"The Man Who Came to Dinner\" (1942, as the Stanley family's father), and \"Arsenic and Old Lace", "id": "10369167" }, { "contents": "Minnie Dupree\n\n\n1923), \"Outward Bound\" (1924), playing Mrs. Midge, and as a replacement for the part of Martha Brewster in the hit \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" in 1941. Her last stage appearance was in \"Land's End\" (1946). She acted in two feature-length films, \"The Young in Heart\" (1938), co-starring with Janet Gaynor, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Paulette Goddard, Roland Young, and Billie Burke, and \"Anne of Windy Poplars\"", "id": "11300193" }, { "contents": "George Washington Slept Here\n\n\nproduction, it was the husband, not the wife, who bought the property, and had been the \"straight man\". The focus was changed for the film, reversing the roles to play into Benny's established persona of being a miser as well as the comic foil. Originally, Olivia De Havilland was to be cast as the female lead. To recreate the country home that was central to the film's plot, the house in \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944) which was actually shot in 1941", "id": "16103022" }, { "contents": "Objective, Burma!\n\n\n1945 in France. According to Warner Bros records, the film earned $2,117,000 domestically and $1,844,000 foreign. It was the studio's sixth most popular fil of the year, after \"Hollywood Canteen\", \"To Have and Have Not\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"God Is My Co-Pilot\" and \"Christmas in Connecticut\". Even though it was based on the exploits of Merrill's Marauders, \"Objective Burma\" was withdrawn from release in the United Kingdom after it infuriated British Prime", "id": "16193717" }, { "contents": "Russ Saunders\n\n\nMaybe It's Love\". In 1938 he was nominated for an Oscar for best Assistant Director for \"The Life of Emile Zola\". He was assistant or Second Unit director on more than 85 films including \"PT 109\", \"Hatari!\", \"Arsenic and Old Lace\", \"High Sierra\" and production manager for \"Stripes\", \"The Amityville Horror\" and \"Bonnie and Clyde\" among others. His first screen appearance was in the 1927 movie \"The Drop Kick\" in which the", "id": "16251151" } ]

[ { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nThe Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Alchemyst) is a fantasy novel and the first installment in the six part book series, \"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\". It was written by Irish author Michael Scott and published in May 2007. \"The Alchemyst\" has been printed in 20 languages and is available in 37 countries. The film rights to the series have been sold to Lorenzo di Bonaventura. The \"Alchemyst\" refers to the historical character of Nicholas Flamel,", "id": "17173055" }, { "contents": "Michael Scott (Irish author)\n\n\nto the series. Michael Scott and Barry Krost will be the executive producers. The script writer has yet to be announced. IMDb now lists \"The Alchemyst\" film as \"in production\" Scott's \"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\" series has thus far garnered him 10 literary award nominations. \"The Alchemyst\" was the winner of the 2008 Rhode Island Book Award (Teens) after beating 200 other nominated titles. \"The Alchemyst\" was nominated for: \"The Magician\" was nominated for: \"", "id": "6970671" }, { "contents": "Michael Scott (Irish author)\n\n\nof four challenges, by video scenes featuring Michael Scott. The first task, the Alchemyst's challenge, required players to assemble a moving jigsaw of the series' logo against a countdown clock. The second task, the Magician's challenge, required players to turn over two books from a series of books and find matching symbols, when a matching pair was found both books burst into flames and disappeared. The task was complete when all the books had been matched. The third task, the Sorceress' challenge was a colour", "id": "6970669" }, { "contents": "The Sorceress: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nguided through the game, which is a set of four challenges, by video scenes featuring Michael Scott. The first task, the Alchemyst's challenge, required players to assemble a moving jigsaw of the series' logo against a countdown clock. The second task, the Magician's challenge, required players to turn over two books from a series of books and find matching symbols, when a matching pair was found both books burst into flames and disappeared. The task was complete when all the books had been matched. The third", "id": "19713080" }, { "contents": "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\n. Players are guided through the game, which is a set of four challenges, by video scenes featuring Michael Scott. The first task, the Alchemyst's challenge, required players to assemble a moving jigsaw of the series' logo against a countdown clock. The second task, the Magician's challenge, required players to turn over two books from a series of books and find matching symbols; when a matching pair was found both books burst into flames and disappeared. The task was complete when all the books had been matched", "id": "8412854" }, { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nAugust 2010 in the UK, \"The Alchemyst\", was re-released featuring an alternate cover. \"The Alchemyst\" was released as part of a special edition boxed 3 book set called \"The First Codex\" in the US on 28 September 2010. \"The Alchemyst\" is also available as an unabridged audiobook. It was released by the Listening Library on 22 May 2007 and narrated by Denis O'Hare. The audiobook ISBN numbers are: (UK), (US). The first related online game to be", "id": "17173064" }, { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\n. The script writer has yet to be announced. On 20 June 2012 it was announced that the Australian company AMPCO Films had optioned the film. Michael Scott will write the screenplay. Production is due to start in early 2013 and filming will take place in Australia and New Zealand. The series continues in the sequel \"\" which was released in the UK on 5 June 2008 and on 24 June 2008 in the US. The third book \"\" was released on 26 May 2009 in the US and the fourth book was", "id": "17173067" }, { "contents": "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nfeaturing a new-style cover; it was joined by \"The Alchemyst\", \"The Magician\" and \"The Sorceress\" which were re-released with new covers in the same style. \"The Alchemyst\", \"The Magician\" and \"The Sorceress\" were released as a special edition boxed set called \"The First Codex\" in the USA on 28 September 2010. In published order: \"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\" series has spawned online games. The first related online game to be", "id": "8412852" }, { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nwas reported at IMDb. According to \"The Hollywood Reporter\", the writer hired to pen the script was Eric Bress, who has written scripts for the television show, \"Kyle XY\". It was reported that the producer would be Mark Burnett and that he bought the rights to the book in an auction months before it was published. In November 2009 it was announced in \"Variety Magazine\" that Lorenzo di Bonaventura had bought the film rights to the series. Michael Scott and Barry Krost will be the executive producers", "id": "17173066" }, { "contents": "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nand that he knew in 2009 what the last words to the series would be. Nicholas Flamel – The title character, an alchemyst. Along with his wife, Perenelle, he has lived for nearly 700 years searching for Josh and Sophie Newman, the Gold and Silver twins of legend, who can save the Shadowrealm of Earth from the mad Dr. John Dee and the Dark Elders who seek to destroy it. Flamel is a legend who built his fortune through alchemy, which he uses to amazing effect to combat the horrors Dee", "id": "8412844" }, { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\na French scrivener and manuscript seller. Flamel developed a posthumous reputation for being an alchemist and for his search for the philosopher's stone and immortality. Sophie and Josh Newman are 15-year-old twins who are working at their summer jobs in The Coffee Cup in San Francisco (Sophie works at The Coffee Cup, Josh works at the bookstore on the other side of the street) when a mysterious man, John Dee, comes into the bookstore for a book, the \"Codex\" – or \"Book of Abraham the Mage", "id": "17173056" }, { "contents": "Terrastock\n\n\nBardo Pond, Children Of The Rainbow, Country Joe McDonald, The Alchemysts, The Bevis Frond NonLoc, Pat Orchard, ST37, Stone Breath, The Iditarod, Hopewell, The Essex Green, Charalambides, Major Stars, Windy and Carl, Ghost, Ethereal Counterbalance, Greg Weeks, The Lucky Bishops, Paik, Six Organs of Admittance, Dipsomaniacs, Landing, Motorpsycho, Surface of Eceon, Damon and Naomi, Tom Rapp, The Hushdrops, The Alchemysts, Lilys, Barbara Manning & the Go-Luckys!, The", "id": "4773629" }, { "contents": "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nPlayers were presented with a grid containing numbered squares and had to click on the squares to uncover hidden rewards, playing pieces and mini-games. When they completed the game they received online access to the first 6 chapters of \"The Necromancer\". The Alchemyst The Magician The Sorceress The six titles have all been recorded as unabridged audiobooks. \"The Alchemyst\" was narrated by Denis O'Hare. \"The Magician\" was narrated by Erik Singer. \"The Sorceress\", \"The Necromancer\", \"The Warlock\" and", "id": "8412856" }, { "contents": "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nand by Delacorte Press (hardback and paperback; also an imprint of Random House) in the US. , the translation rights have been purchased by 37 countries and the books have been translated into 20 languages. Each of the first four titles featured in the top ten of the New York Times Best Seller Children's Books list. \"The Alchemyst\" reached No. 2 on 26 August 2007 and as of 24 March 2008 it had sold in excess of 150,000 copies. \"\" reached No. 4 on 13 July 2008", "id": "8412835" }, { "contents": "Alcatraz Island\n\n\nor base of operations in many post-apocalyptic movies, such as \"The Book of Eli\". Alcatraz even appears in \"The Alchemyst\" and \"The Sorceress\" by author \"Michael Scott\" and is depicted as a prison for the immortal \"Perenelle Flamel\". Alcatraz is featured in the episode \"Bird Mummy of Alcatraz\" in the children's program, \"Mummies Alive!\" and was also featured in a mission in the video game \"Watch Dogs 2\". Alcatraz is also featured as a downloadable", "id": "16953413" }, { "contents": "These Are The Voyages (book series)\n\n\nthis first book is the history of what was involved in getting the series accepted by NBC, the failed first pilot, and the ultimatums surrounding the second pilot. As in the first book, this second book documents hundreds of previously unpublished insights, including recollections from actors, directors, producers, and production crew. The book collects original staff memos (including memos dictated by Roddenberry while reading drafts to the series scripts), contracts, schedules, budgets, network correspondence, and the censor reports from NBC. Also included in", "id": "8272593" }, { "contents": "The Magician: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\n. The book's title, \"The Magician\", refers to the villain, John Dee, who works for the Dark Elders and for their return to dominance on Earth. Sophie and Josh Newman – 15-year-old twins – are in Paris with the alchemyst, Nicholas Flamel, and his friend, Scathach. They now face Niccolò Machiavelli and his colleague, but also rival, John Dee, who both work for the Dark Elders. Machiavelli is plotting to capture the twins and Flamel with the missing pages of the Codex", "id": "18713173" }, { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nlaunched was \"The Codex Master\". The object is to get money and guess a secret code composed of a sequence of coloured orbs by inputting various sequences and using logic. When a sequence is entered, indicators show when the player has the right colour and also when a colour is in the right or wrong position to enable them to apply logic and guess the correct sequence. Film rights for the book were originally sold to New Line Cinema and Mark Burnett Productions. The film is currently in pre-production. This", "id": "17173065" }, { "contents": "The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\n\n\nagrees, but at the last moment, he realizes he will lose Sophie if he agrees. Dee brings all the dead in a nearby cemetery alive and they start to attack them, Josh hits Dee with their Hummer, distracting Dee long enough to escape with Scathach, Sophie and Nicholas Flamel by using a leygate (a teleportation device where two or more lines of energy, ley lines, cross each other) to go to Paris which is Nicholas Flamel's old home. The book ends when Dee surprises them. On 5", "id": "17173063" }, { "contents": "Heidi Murkoff\n\n\n\"What to Expect: the Second Year\", a guide for parents of toddlers. The \"What to Expect\" books have sold more than 34 million copies in the U.S. alone and are published in more than 30 languages. Murkoff's \"What to Expect Kids\" picture book series for preschoolers include \"What to Expect When Mommy's Having a Baby\", \"What to Expect When the New Baby Comes Home\", \"What to Expect When You Use the Potty\", and \"What to Expect at Preschool", "id": "18034849" }, { "contents": "What-a-Mess\n\n\nWhat-a-Mess is a series of children's books written by British comedy writer Frank Muir and illustrated by Joseph Wright. The title character is a dishevelled (hence his nickname), accident-prone Afghan Hound puppy, whose real name is Prince Amir of Kinjan. It was later made into three animated series, all narrated by Frank Muir. Four Seasons Four Square Meals Mini Books An animated series was made in the UK in 1979 by Smallfilms. A second version was made in the UK in 1990 by Central", "id": "17578676" }, { "contents": "The Crystal Snare\n\n\n\"The Crystal Snare\" is a BBC Books adventure book written by Richard Dungworth and is based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha. This is part of the \"Decide Your Destiny\" series which makes you choose what happens in the books. The book received some cautiously positive reviews, which also highlight that it is the range's first book not to be set in the future. It was part of a second set of four books,", "id": "1336811" }, { "contents": "Franklin (TV series)\n\n\n, 2012. \"Franklin\" television stories are mostly based on books in the original Franklin Adventure series. The practice of adapting television stories from books was dropped in the programme's second season, though elements and dialogue from some of the books are incorporated into later stories. Although, many Franklin television stories have been made into books in the Franklin TV Storybook and Franklin First Readers series. Usually written by Sharon Jennings, these adaptations are shortened versions of what is seen on TV and may contain non-canon material. In", "id": "2712816" }, { "contents": "Ken Goldstein\n\n\nretail stores as well as on-line vendors, is also the subject of Goldstein's lecture series, The Day of the Nerd. Goldstein is currently writing the second book in the series, \"The Way of the Nerd: Actually I am Going to Tell You What to do with Your Life\", which is set to be released in hard back and ebook formats in October 2012. Though all of the books in this series are based on the writings of Lao Tzu and his titular work Tao Te Ching each book", "id": "12633328" }, { "contents": "Jason Elam\n\n\nhalf ago, I began to think what if I was able combine all those quirky stories with a terrorist element to create an action-adventure story. Through this story, I want to bring out why people of strong conviction do what they do.\" In December 2008, Elam and Yohn released \"Blown Coverage\", the second book in the Riley Covington Thriller series. In December 2009 \"Blackout\", the third book was released, and the series was completed with \"Inside Threat\", released June 2011.", "id": "21158178" }, { "contents": "Peter F. Hamilton bibliography\n\n\nof Nigel Sheldon and what happened when he broke into the Void. On 19 March, both the cover art and release date for the first book, \"The Abyss Beyond Dreams\", was unveiled. The book was published on 21 October 2014. The second book, \"Night Without Stars\", was published 22 September 2016. A children's fantasy series also known as \"Book of the Realms\". Taggie and Jemima are summer holidaying on their dad's farm. They know just what to expect—a tumbledown", "id": "7107442" }, { "contents": "The Obelisk Gate\n\n\n\"The Fifth Season\". Niall Alexander, on \"Tor.com\", by contrast, was critical of \"The Obelisk Gate\" for falling into what he called \"middle volume syndrome\", believing that the book\"Wired\", on the other hand, praised the book for escaping that syndrome, or what it called the typical \"stalling\" of middle books. \"The Obelisk Gate\" won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2017. It was the second award for Jemisin's Broken Earth series (after \"The Fifth", "id": "17461585" }, { "contents": "The Split Second\n\n\nThe Split Second is the second novel in The Seems series. It was published by Bloomsbury Publishing and written by John Hulme and Michael Wexler. It follows Becker Drane, a Fixer for The Seems on a Mission to retrieve a Second. A Second is a mineral in The Seems which provides Time for our World. The Seems is a parallel universe in charge of providing our World with what it needs to keep on going. The second book follows Becker Drane on another mission. At the end of the first book, \"", "id": "13507053" }, { "contents": "Kalle Päätalo\n\n\nthe second marriage. Päätalo debuted as a novelist in 1958 with a novel set at a building site in Tampere. In his second novel \"Our Daily Bread\", the first book in the five-volume \"Koillismaa\" series, he turned to his native region. By this time, Päätalo was able to turn a freelance writer, and from 1962 until his death he published one book each year. In 1971 he published what was to be the first volume in the 26-volume series \"Juuret Iijoen törmässä\" ('", "id": "17650411" }, { "contents": "Impulse economy\n\n\n\"The Impulse Economy: Understanding Mobile Shoppers and What Makes Them Buy\" is a book by Gary Schwartz that analyzes the evolution of mobile shopper behaviour. The book was first released in 2011 in the US and Canadian markets by Simon & Schuster, Atria imprint. The Impulse Economy the first of a series of mobile marketing books published by Simon & Schuster. The second in the series FAST SHOPPER. SLOW STORE was published in 2012. The Impulse Economy was the first NFC enabled \"\"smart book\"\". RFID stickers", "id": "7451616" }, { "contents": "Argument from a proper basis\n\n\nargues that the theories of what he calls \"warrant\"—what many others have called justification (Plantinga draws out a difference: justification is a matter of fulfilling one's epistemic duties, whereas warrant is what transforms true belief into knowledge)—put forth by these epistemologists have failed to capture in full what is required for knowledge. In the second book of his three book philosophical series, \"Warrant and Proper Function\", he introduces the notion of warrant as an alternative to justification and discusses topics like self-knowledge, memories, perception, and", "id": "1526273" }, { "contents": "Poldark (1975 TV series)\n\n\nwhat we have brought her to.\" The BBC adaptation of the first four books of the \"Poldark\" novels was broadcast by the BBC during 1975 and 1976. This included eight weeks' location filming in Cornwall. The second series was broadcast in the UK in the autumn of 1977, from the next three books. The series in total ran to 29 episodes. \"Poldark\" is one of the most successful British television adaptations of all time. \"Poldark\" series have since been sold in over forty countries.", "id": "5797144" }, { "contents": "An Idiot Abroad\n\n\ntelevision. We don't plan it, he doesn't know what's going to happen.\" A book entitled \"The Travel Diaries of Karl Pilkington\" was published shortly after the series. It was authored by Pilkington and gives a deeper insight into his feelings on what he was experiencing. The second series shows Pilkington performing activities from a general (but not his) \"bucket list\". Gervais produced a Christmas special mini-series that aired in the UK in late 2012. The original concept, pitched by Gervais", "id": "14757652" }, { "contents": "Dream Chronicles (series)\n\n\nbear and brings Lyra back at her home in Wish. Faye's family is finally reunited. A new life has already opened for them. Faye says these fairy adventures will haunt her dreams forever. One thing she didn't know is that Lilith was pregnant. And no one knows exactly what Lilith is up to. \"Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air\", \"Dream Chronicles: The Book of Water\" and \"Dream Chronicles: The Book of Fire\" belong to the second trilogy of the series named \"", "id": "14726413" }, { "contents": "Kisscut\n\n\nKisscut is the second book in the Grant County series by author Karin Slaughter. It was originally released in hardback in 2002. The previous book in the series is \"Blindsighted\". These books star Sara Linton, Jeffrey Tolliver, and Lena Adams. Sara and Jeffrey have tentatively resumed their romantic relationship when, on a hot August night during the summer following \"Blindsighted\", Jeffrey is forced to shoot a 13-year-old girl to stop her from killing another teenager. What at first appears to be an unwanted pregnancy and", "id": "19897813" }, { "contents": "Alison Mackey\n\n\nApplied Linguistics\". Mackey is a co-founder of IRIS (the Instruments for Second Language Research digital repository). She is also a series editor of the Routledge Second Language Acquisition Research series. Mackey published two articles in The Guardian, one suggesting that different types and levels of motivation might be a key to second language learning, and a follow-up piece on \"What happens in the brain when you learn a language?\". Mackey's most cited book is \"Second language research: methodology and design\"", "id": "10749414" }, { "contents": "Michael Thomas Ford\n\n\nSocial Studies and a Booklist magazine \"Top of the List\" selection, and received a Lambda Literary Award nomination, Ford's second in the YA division. Ford's second book to come out that year was \"Alec Baldwin Doesn't Love Me\" (Alyson Books), the first of what has come to be known as the \"Trials of My Queer Life\" series. The book was based on the columns Ford had been publishing for several years in his syndicated newspaper column, \"My Queer Life.\" The", "id": "15110782" }, { "contents": "On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel)\n\n\nOn Her Majesty's Secret Service is the tenth novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 1 April 1963. The initial and secondary print runs sold out, with over 60,000 books sold in the first month. Fleming wrote the book in Jamaica whilst the first film in the Eon Productions series of films, \"Dr. No\", was being filmed nearby. \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" is the second book in what is known as the \"Blofeld trilogy\"", "id": "407719" }, { "contents": "Lost Worlds (gamebook)\n\n\na further series of books, of emphatically female fighter-types, under the collective title of \"Queen's Blade\", published from late 2005 by \"Hobby Japan\". With more than 20 books the books were generally new illustrations for existing combat matrices, rather than \"new\" characters (although at least one \"doujin\" has utilised what appears to be a \"new matrix\"). As of December 2007 a second series, \"Queen's Gate\", was introduced, featuring characters from Japanese visual media", "id": "8401665" }, { "contents": "Leonard Susskind\n\n\n\". Susskind co-authored a series of companion books to his lecture series \"The Theoretical Minimum\". The first of these, \"The Theoretical Minimum: What You Need to Know to Start Doing Physics\", was published in 2013 and presents the modern formulations of classical mechanics. The second of these, \"Quantum Mechanics: The Theoretical Minimum\", was published in February 2014. The third book, \"Special Relativity and Classical Field Theory: The Theoretical Minimum\" (September 26, 2017), introduces readers", "id": "4800361" }, { "contents": "The Culture of Critique series\n\n\nThe Culture of Critique series is a trilogy of books by psychology professor Kevin B. MacDonald claiming that evolutionary psychology provides the motivations behind Jewish group behavior and culture, asserting Jewish behavior and culture are central causes of antisemitism and of alleged Jewish control and influence in government policy and political movements. While the first and second book received some positive reviews, later works have been mostly rejected and condemned by academics and journalists as being scientifically unsupportable, academically sloppy, and antisemitic. The trilogy includes: The first books constitute what is known as", "id": "3905826" }, { "contents": "Goosebumps HorrorLand\n\n\nintroduce the villain and protagonists; the second story shows what happens to the protagonists when they get to HorrorLand, and are united with the other characters. The books also include a case file that links to material on the EscapeHorrorLand.com tie-in website. The final two books in the series serve to wrap up the 'HorrorLand' plot in a single climactic storyline. Scholastic's reprints of classic \"Goosebumps\" titles to accompany the series have all-new covers and bonus material. They are known as \"collector's editions", "id": "1300612" }, { "contents": "Fargo (TV series)\n\n\nthe pages of this book, and you just find this collection of stories. ... But I like the idea that these things are connected somehow, whether it's linearly or literally or thematically. That's what we play around with.\" This book was realized in season 2, episode 9, \"The Castle\". Production on the second season began in Calgary on January 19, 2015, and completed on May 20, 2015. The first teaser for the second season was released on June 17, 2015. Production", "id": "17731610" }, { "contents": "Saint (novel)\n\n\nEnglishman, which ends with Johnny losing his normal vision, going \"blind\", and the Englishman ceasing to exist. Kelly and Johnny decide to go to the desert in Nevada. Saint is the second published novel in the Project Showdown series, which are also known as the Paradise Novels. Even though the books are their own series, Showdown, Saint, and Sinner are a part of what is referred to as the Books of History Chronicles. In the Circle Trilogy, a man named Thomas Hunter discovers an alternate universe", "id": "21005683" }, { "contents": "What Dreams May Come (1983 novel)\n\n\nWhat Dreams May Come is a novel by American author Manly Wade Wellman. It is the second of three books featuring supernatural investigator John Thunstone. The book derives its title from a line in Hamlet's famous \"To be, or not to be...\" soliloquy. The character of John Thunstone had previously appeared in a series of short stories by Wellman. Originally published in popular pulp magazines of the day, several of them were collected and reprinted in an anthology, \"Lonely Vigils\". Wellman decided to follow the anthology", "id": "4419020" }, { "contents": "Alternate Heroes\n\n\nAlternate Heroes is an anthology of alternate history science fiction short stories edited by Gregory Benford and Martin H. Greenberg as the second volume in their What Might Have Been series. It was first published in paperback by Bantam Spectra in January 1990, and in trade paperback by BP Books in June 2004. It was also gathered together with \"Alternate Empires\" into the omnibus anthology \"What Might Have Been: Volumes 1 & 2: Alternate Empires / Alternate Heroes\" (Bantam Spectra/SFBC, July 1990). The book collects", "id": "5879594" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (series 5)\n\n\naward. The series was accompanied by a and tie-in books and video games; four of the latter were released on the BBC website and advertised as additional episodes of the series. Two scenes were filmed for the \"Complete Fifth Series\" box set, revealing what happened between pairs of regular episodes. The first scene is set between \"The Eleventh Hour\" and \"The Beast Below\", and the second is set between \"Flesh and Stone\" and \"The Vampires of Venice\". The series introduced the", "id": "18203802" }, { "contents": "Laura Numeroff\n\n\nnumerous more books that expanded from the mouse to include the characters of a moose, a cat, a pig, and a dog. The first book in this series by Numeroff, \"What Mommies Do Best/ What Daddies Do Best\", published in April 2008, was illustrated, in watercolors, by Lynn Munsinger. The entire series was written for children ages 4 – 8. This children's book is a two part story. On one side of the book is \"What Mommies Do Best\". This book demonstrates", "id": "18587351" }, { "contents": "The Stone Sky\n\n\nthe rebirth of Essun as a stone eater. The Broken Earth series uses several different styles of narration. The most widely remarked upon is its use of second person. It is eventually revealed that the books' narrator is Hoa. In \"The Stone Sky\", Hoa narrates portions of the book set in the past in first person, and portions set in the present in second person (for Essun's perspective) and third person (for Nassun's perspective). Jemisin has stated that she isn't sure what prompted", "id": "18721042" }, { "contents": "The Perhapanauts\n\n\nThe Perhapanauts is an American comic book series created by writer Todd Dezago and artist Craig Rousseau in 2005. The first two mini-series, \"First Blood\" and \"Second Chances,\" were published by Dark Horse Comics, although it was announced on October 31, 2007, that forthcoming Perhapanauts comics would be published by Image Comics. The Image Comics series began with an annual in February 2008, \"Jersey Devil\", followed by what may either be numerous upcoming mini-series or an ongoing series. The first", "id": "6186485" }, { "contents": "Elektra: The Hand\n\n\ncaptured the feel I was going for in my scripts.\" Originally planned as a trilogy, \"Elektra & The Hand\" was going to be a three-part one-shot comic book series where each series each depicted a certain time period within the organization. Yoshida originally planned the first series, which was published, as the prologue with the second series focusing on what transpired after the first series ending entailing The Hand's influence spreading from Japan to the world outside, and finally the third series would focus on The", "id": "7302661" }, { "contents": "Crossroads (series)\n\n\nof brigands and thieves pillage small villages and a much larger army stands poised to attack the cities. Looming over the intersecting paths of each lead character is the question of where the Guardians have gone. Why did they abandon their people, and what has happened to them? The second book focuses on the Guardians. We are introduced to Marit, the Reeve who died at the beginning of the series. Early in the book, it is revealed that somehow she was brought back from death before she could pass through the Spirit", "id": "4247773" }, { "contents": "Highlander (comics)\n\n\nAbramowitz, who was Creative Consultant in charge of the writing on \"\" and the subsequent \"Highlander\" movies. It was published by Dynamite Entertainment. The preview issue released in July, 2006 had over 100,000 copies pre-sold. It is inspired from \"Highlander\", the franchise about Immortals battling each other throughout history. The comic book series deals with what the main characters of the franchise, Connor MacLeod and Duncan MacLeod, do concerning happenings from the films and television series. It spawned a second comic book mini", "id": "8200219" }, { "contents": "Ron Fournier\n\n\na more opinionated style that would make judgments when conflicting opinions were presented in a story. Fournier joined \"Crain's Detroit Business\" in 2016, becoming publisher and editor in 2017. About this time, he wrote a second book – \"Love That Boy: What Two Presidents, Eight Road Trips, and My Son Taught Me About a Parent's Expectations\". Published in 2016, the book chronicles what he learned about being a parent on a series of road trips with his son, Tyler, who has Asperger syndrome", "id": "908116" }, { "contents": "In Your Dreams (novel)\n\n\nIn Your Dreams is a fantasy novel by the British novelist Tom Holt. It is the second book featuring the J. W. Wells magic firm, and was published in 2004: J. W. Wells is inspired by the title character in Gilbert and Sullivan's \"The Sorcerer\". Paul Carpenter is the protagonist of the book. The book is summarized in the next book in the series Earth, Air, Fire, and Custard where Paul tells his uncle about what happened to him. So Paul told him all about it: how", "id": "4344702" }, { "contents": "The Masters of Solitude\n\n\neditions were issued by Bantam Books in 1985 (U.S.) and Orbit/Futura in 1986 (U.K.). The book is the first novel in what was apparently intended to be a trilogy of the same name. The second novel in the series is \"Wintermind\", 1982. A third book by the same two authors, \"A Cold Blue Light\", 1983, is sometimes listed as the third novel of the trilogy, but is unrelated. Unattributed comments indicate that the authors wrote a conclusion which their publisher declined", "id": "13878851" }, { "contents": "The Tombs of Atuan\n\n\nyears; \"Tales from Earthsea\" and \"The Other Wind\", both in 2001. These books, along with \"Tehanu\", have sometimes been referred to as a second trilogy. \"Tehanu\" has been described as a rewriting or reimagining of \"The Tombs of Atuan\", because Tenar's power and status are the inverse of what they were in the earlier book. In 2005 an original mini-series titled \"Legend of Earthsea\", based loosely on the first two Earthsea books was broadcast on the", "id": "1559545" }, { "contents": "Attaboy Sam!\n\n\nAttaboy Sam! (1992) is a children's novel by Lois Lowry. It is the second book in a series that Lowry wrote about Anastasia and her younger brother Sam. The series is: Why won't Sam Krupnik allow his mother to enter his bedroom? Why has he started calling his toy box The Lab? And why does he carry a Ziplock bag in his pocket at all times? What's the big secret? Well, his mother's birthday is approaching, and she has told her family that what", "id": "16246754" }, { "contents": "The Second World War (book series)\n\n\nwhen Britain fought with the support of the Empire and a few Allies, was the climax of Churchill's career and his inside story of those days is unique and invaluable. American historian Raymond Callahan, reviewing \"In Command of History\" by David Reynolds about Churchill's \"The Second World War\", wrote: Callahan concluded that notwithstanding any changes to historians' understanding of the book, now that what Churchill wrote has been compared in detail to the released archives, Churchill \"remains the arresting figure he has always been—", "id": "9465321" }, { "contents": "The Theoretical Minimum\n\n\nThe Theoretical Minimum: What You Need to Know to Start Doing Physics is a popular science book by Leonard Susskind and George Hrabovsky. The book was initially published on January 29, 2013 by Basic Books. The Theoretical Minimum is a book and a Stanford University-based continuing-education lecture series, which became a popular YouTube-featured content. The series commenced with \"What You Need to Know\" (above) reissued under the title \"Quantum Mechanics: The Theoretical Minimum\". The series presently stands at three books", "id": "20390838" }, { "contents": "Dragonriders of Pern (picture book game)\n\n\nDragonriders of Pern is a 1984 picture book game published by Nova. \"Dragonriders of Pern\" is a picture-book game that contains numbered full-page illustrations which portray what each player sees, namely wingmates trying attempting to flame Thread as in the novels. Lester W. Smith reviewed \"Dragonriders of Pern\" in \"The Space Gamer\" No. 75. Smith commented that \"I found \"Dragonriders of Pern\" to be my second-favorite set in the picture-book series, just behind the \"Handy Rotary", "id": "10913836" }, { "contents": "Paul-André Meyer\n\n\ngeometry and quantum probability. His most cited book is \"Probabilities and Potential\" B, written with Claude Dellacherie. The preceding book is the English translation of the second book in a series of five written by Meyer and Dellacherie from 1975 to 1992 and elaborated from Meyer's pioneering book \"Probabilités et Potentiel\", published in 1966. In the period 1966-1980 Meyer organised the Seminaire de Probabilities in Strasbourg, and he and his co-workers developed what is called the general theory of processes. This theory was concerned", "id": "13317477" }, { "contents": "Fear Nothing\n\n\nFear Nothing is a novel released in 1997 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. The book is the first installment in what is reported to be a three-part series of books, known as the Moonlight Bay Trilogy, featuring Christopher Snow, who suffers from the rare (but real) disease called XP (xeroderma pigmentosum). The second in the trilogy, \"Seize the Night\", was released in 1999. No release date has yet been set for the release of the third book titled \"Ride the", "id": "13876711" }, { "contents": "Six-Word Memoirs\n\n\nSmith\" announced three new \"Six-Word Memoir\" book projects: \"Six Word Memoirs on Love & Heartbreak\" (2009), then a book of Six-Word Memoirs by and for teens (\"Six-Word Memoirs by Teens Famous & Obscure\"), and a second general \"Six-Word Memoir\" sequel to the original. The first in \"Smith\"'s \"Six-Word Memoir\" book series, \"Not Quite What I Was Planning: Six-Word Memoirs from Writers Famous &", "id": "21232476" }, { "contents": "The Castle of Adventure\n\n\nThe Castle of Adventure (published in 1946) is a popular children's book by Enid Blyton. It is the second book in The Adventure Series. The first edition of the book was illustrated by Stuart Tresilian. Jack, Lucy, Dinah and Philip attempt to figure out what is behind the strange goings-on at a ruined castle near Spring Cottage in Scotland where they are on holiday with Dinah and Philip's mother, Aunt Allie. The four youngsters make friends with Tassie, a mysterious gypsy living in the woods with", "id": "2205512" }, { "contents": "Rob O'Hara\n\n\ntoo.\" Brett Weiss, author of the popular \"Classic Home Video Games\" book series, says he \"recommends the book without reservation. Initially I wasn't sure what to expect, but it's obvious that (O'Hara) is a writer and a gamer, not just a gamer who happens to write. His style is clear and unpretentious, and the hilarious anecdotes alone are worth the price of admission.\" O'Hara's second book, \"Invading Spaces: A Beginner's Guide to Collecting Arcade Games\",", "id": "5945527" }, { "contents": "J. A. Scott Kelso\n\n\na minimum of mathematics. With Viktor Jirsa, Kelso edited the book \"Coordination Dynamics: Issues and Trends \" (Springer, 2004). Kelso is also the Founding Editor for the Springer series on \"Understanding Complex Systems\" and has served on the Editorial Boards of 10 scientific journals/periodicals in various disciplines. Kelso's second full-length book, written with his former postdoc David A. Engstrøm, is \"The Complementary Nature\" (MIT Press, 2006). This book attempts to reconcile what it calls \"the", "id": "10412480" }, { "contents": "Joe Dever\n\n\nMax\"-like world. The series was revived in Italy in October 2015 and the first book was published on 29 October and the second book was published on 3 March 2016. The \"Combat Heroes\" gamebooks are illustrated adventures where each paragraph is a full-page picture representing what the player sees, with two modes. Alone, the aim is to escape from a maze. In one-on-one play, two players are dueling in a maze. Each player has a different book ; at a given page, the", "id": "13079214" }, { "contents": "DC Comics Absolute Edition\n\n\nLantern and Green Arrow travel the United States. Like earlier reprints before and after this hardcover it did not include \"Flash\" #226. The book is the first release of what would become the Absolute format, with oversized hardcover comic collections in slipcases. This book, however, is not as oversized as the Absolute books. Released in December 2001. The second in the line of slipcased hardcovers collects: \"Strange Adventures\" (1950-1973 1st Series) #205-216, \"Brave and the Bold \"", "id": "15144249" }, { "contents": "Detectives Inc.\n\n\nAlex Simmons and myself to play in Super8 millimeter movies I was making\". In the early 1970s, the two produced a crude \"Detectives Inc.\" comic book, self-published via photocopier. In 1980, Eclipse Enterprises published \"Detectives Inc.: A Remembrance of Threatening Green\", the first of what would become two graphic novels in this series, both written by McGregor. This initial book featured black-and-white art by penciler-inker Marshall Rogers. The second book, \"Detectives Inc.: A Terror", "id": "16750566" }, { "contents": "Robert Ardrey\n\n\nfollowing years traveling in Southern and Eastern Africa, conducting research for what was to become his first book on the subject, \"African Genesis\" (1961), ultimately an international bestseller. Subsequently, he went on to write a total of four books in his widely read \"Nature of Man Series\", including his best known book \"The Territorial Imperative\" (1966). In October 1960 he moved with his second wife to Trastevere, Rome, where they lived for 17 years. In 1977 they moved to a", "id": "7360403" }, { "contents": "Mistborn\n\n\nbackers in late August 2017. In 2018, a digital version of the boardgame was published on Tabletopia. \"Forbes\" magazine praises all of the books in the \"Mistborn\" series saying, \"The narrative is crafted with such bloody precision, it’s nearly impossible to put the books down.\" The original trilogy is the first in what Sanderson calls a \"trilogy of trilogies.\" The original second trilogy was to be set in an urban setting, featuring modern technology, and the third trilogy was to be a", "id": "14648728" }, { "contents": "Heidi Murkoff\n\n\na pregnancy book. \"USA Today\" named \"What to Expect When You're Expecting\" one of the most influential books of the last 25 years. The sequel, \"What to Expect: The First Year\", has sold over 10 million copies and is in its 2nd edition. Other titles in the series include \"What to Eat When You're Expecting\", \"What to Expect Before You're Expecting\" (a preconception plan), and the newest member of the \"What to Expect\" series:", "id": "18034848" }, { "contents": "Book censorship in the United States\n\n\nwould tell parents what books their children read, ultimately leaving it in the hands of parents to decide what their children should read, rather than the school. The seven-book \"Harry Potter\" series by J.K.Rowling has been highly popular since the first novel came out in 1997, leading to the release of eight movies based on the series and an amusement park inspired by the characters. \"Harry Potter\" has brought similar amount of controversy as it has obsession: the series was the most frequently challenged book in 2001 and", "id": "4312423" }, { "contents": "Chris Bachalo\n\n\nImage Comics' imprint for creator-owned series, Cliffhanger. The series was criticized for Bachalo's overly detailed pencils, small panels and muddy dark coloring, which sometimes made it difficult to discern what was happening. Similarly, Joe Kelly's writing was not as straightforward as a mass audience typically preferred. Contrarily, the book's supporters praised it for those same reasons, as well as for the sheer imagination of the characters and story. The series, intended to be 25 issues, ended prematurely after the second story arc", "id": "19247223" }, { "contents": "Robots and Empire\n\n\nhistory. About this second aim, Asimov said that he was persuaded against it by Lester del Rey and Judy-Lynn del Rey, his long-time friends and the editors of Del Rey Books, who thought that the fans of Asimov's series of novels would rather that Asimov kept the \"Robot\" and \"Empire\"/\"Foundation\" universes separate. On the other hand, his editors at Doubleday Books – his hardcover book publisher – encouraged Asimov to do what deep-down he wanted to do. From then on, Asimov", "id": "11363225" }, { "contents": "Adramelech: Book of Angels Volume 22\n\n\nAdramelech: Book of Angels Volume 22 is the second album by guitarist Jon Madof's Zion80 which was released in 2014 on John Zorn's Tzadik Records as part of the Zorn's Book of Angels Series. PopMatters' writer Sean Murphy stated \"this is not merely a more-is-more celebration of Zorn with Madof at the helm. Rather, it taps into what is most special—and rewarding—about the Radical Jewish Culture that Zorn has been curating at his Tzadik label: music that spans time (we’re", "id": "19719762" }, { "contents": "Alex Niven\n\n\nincisive polemics\". His second book, a study of the Oasis album \"Definitely Maybe\", was published in Bloomsbury's 33⅓ series in 2014. The Times Literary Supplement praised its \"convincing modulation between a discussion of the post-Thatcher north-west England that informed Oasis's early lyrics, and the finer points of pentatonic and mixolydian melody governing Noel Gallagher's early songwriting\". LA Review of Books reviewer Rhian E. Jones also judged the book a success, concluding that \"Niven displays a thorough appreciation of what made", "id": "7042292" }, { "contents": "DC Comics\n\n\nThe company's second title, \"New Comics\" #1 (Dec. 1935), appeared in a size close to what would become comic books' standard during the period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books, with slightly larger dimensions than today's. That title evolved into \"Adventure Comics\", which continued through issue #503 in 1983, becoming one of the longest-running comic-book series. In 2009 DC revived \"Adventure Comics\" with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel", "id": "9097078" }, { "contents": "Aurelio Voltaire\n\n\nDEADY\" series as well as releasing books such as \"What is Goth?\", \"Paint it Black\", and \"Call of the Jersey Devil\", a novelization of a script of the same name. In early 2004, for his \"DEADY\" comic book, Voltaire signed a deal with Toy2R. The first toy that was created was a 2-inch posable \"DEADY\" key chain for the company's \"Qee Bear\". It was released at San Diego Comic Con and sold out. A second figure,", "id": "12033241" }, { "contents": "Shadowhunters\n\n\nand what her future may hold. In 2010, Screen Gems announced that they were going into production on the of \"City of Bones\", the first book in \"The Mortal Instruments\" series, with hopes of starting a successful film franchise. Production on a film adaptation of the second book, \"City of Ashes\", was due to start in September 2013, but was delayed to 2014, and eventually cancelled, after the first film failed to recoup its budget. On October 12, 2014, at Mipcom", "id": "12814101" }, { "contents": "David Lee Stone\n\n\nbooks of David's 'Gladiator Boy' franchise were released as the first series in July, 2009. The first three books of the second series were released in February 2010, and the second three in April. Another three books were released in July, beginning the third series. The books were published in the UK by Hodder Children's Books and in the USA by Penguin Razorbill. Series 1(2009): Series 2(2010): Series 3(2010): It was announced in 2014 that the full series would be rebranded and repackaged", "id": "6170631" }, { "contents": "23 Minutes in Hell\n\n\n23 Minutes in Hell is a personal book written by Protestant Christian Bill Wiese and published in 2006. The book recounts what the author claims were his experiences in Hell in 1998. The book and the underlying story within it are the topic of a series of speaking tours given by Wiese, predominantly to Protestant churches and other Christian organizations. He says his visits to Hell were out-of-body experiences that were also visions, one lasting 23 minutes and the other 10 seconds. Wiese states that he had been a Christian", "id": "12559424" }, { "contents": "Crank (person)\n\n\n'gone' farther than most\". The second book of the mathematician and popular author Martin Gardner was a study of crank beliefs, \"Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science\". More recently, the mathematician Underwood Dudley has written a series of books on mathematical cranks, including \"The Trisectors\", \"Mathematical Cranks\", and \"Numerology: Or, What Pythagoras Wrought\". And in a 1992 UseNet post, the mathematician John Baez humorously proposed a checklist, the Crackpot index, intended to diagnose cranky", "id": "11343678" }, { "contents": "Foundation and Earth\n\n\nDawn\", respectively. The author also reveals what has happened to Earth, as described in \"Robots and Empire\". The book \"Nemesis\", predating the timeline and events found in the \"Foundation\" and \"Robot\" series, hints at the motives and origins of Gaia. Humans had a very early contact with the sentient moon Erythro, a very abstract alien intelligence. In\" Foundation's Triumph\", the last book in the Second Foundation Trilogy authorized by Asimov's estate, another possible future for the", "id": "14755256" }, { "contents": "Club Oasis\n\n\n, so it is in the public domain, but is considered a lost television series. After their performances, the \"Club Oasis\" guests were interviewed by Hy Gardner. In the series premiere, Van Johnson acted as host, and the singers included Jo Stafford and the four Ames Brothers. In the second episode, Kay Starr sang \"Wheel of Fortune\", \"When You're Smiling\", \"That's What the Good Book Says\", and \"Three Letters\". On December 21, 1957, the", "id": "2115113" }, { "contents": "Etan Boritzer\n\n\ncurrent books in the \"What is?\" series include \"\"What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?, What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?, What is a Feeling?\" The series is now also translated into 15 languages. Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote", "id": "2267244" }, { "contents": "The Sword of Truth\n\n\nwant to keep the TV series true to my vision, so rest assured that I am going to be intimately involved in the writing of each of the episodes. If you love the book just the way it is, then enjoy the book for what it is and come to the TV series prepared to enjoy the show for what it is. The TV series ran for two seasons, concluding May 22, 2010 with a total of 44 episodes. A thread woven through the series are the 11 \"Wizard's Rules\"", "id": "5364821" }, { "contents": "The Next American Nation\n\n\nThe Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution () is a 1995 book by journalist and historian Michael Lind, published by Free Press. Lind's book focuses on criticism of two trends. The first, multiculturalism, he characterizes as an \"unmitigated calamity\" and \"a repellent and failed regime\". Thus, Lind opposes affirmative action and racial quotas, and identifies the elimination of them as a \"nonnegotiable demand\". The second is a series of compromises struck by what Lind calls the white", "id": "1637587" }, { "contents": "Circle of Three\n\n\nMeet\"; Cooper is the center of \"Second Sight\"; Annie is the center of \"What the Cards Said\". However, starting with Book 5: \"In the Dreaming\", the point of view switches among the three girls, alternating chapters, for the rest of the series. When 15-year-old Kate Morgan decides to cast a love spell, the end results are catastrophic, and she cannot stop it by herself. But the book of spells she checked out from the school library tells her", "id": "17186769" }, { "contents": "Throne of Jade\n\n\non Laurence and Temeraire. This action results in significant alterations to the historical timeline in future books, as Lien is shown to be an intellectual equal to Napoleon. \"Throne of Jade\" was released to positive reviews; SF Reviews described it as having \"sumptuous locales, thrilling action, and thematic and emotional heft,\" while Bookmarks Magazine called it \"a solid second entry in what is shaping up to be an intriguing series.\" Strange Horizons stated in their review that readers of the series \"will find plenty to", "id": "1214747" }, { "contents": "Aunt Agatha Takes the Count\n\n\nand Cartoons\", published by Peoples Book Club, and in the 1955 anthology \"A Treasury of Humor and Toastmaster's Handbook\", published by Grolier. The story was adapted into part of the \"Jeeves and Wooster\" episode \"Pearls Mean Tears\", the third episode of the second series, which aired on 28 April 1991. Minor plot differences include: This story, along with the rest of \"The Inimitable Jeeves\", was adapted into a radio drama in 1973 as part of the series \"What Ho", "id": "6508749" }, { "contents": "The Ordeal of Young Tuppy\n\n\nModern Library. The 1935 anthology \"The Great Book of Humour\", published by Odhams, included the story. This story was adapted into the \"Jeeves and Wooster\" episode \"Wooster with a Wife\", the sixth episode of the second series, which first aired on 19 May 1991. There are some changes in plot, including: \"The Ordeal of Young Tuppy\" was adapted into a radio drama in 1976 as part of the series \"What Ho! Jeeves\" starring Michael Hordern as Jeeves and Richard Briers", "id": "9928736" }, { "contents": "What If (comics)\n\n\nEarth and alternate realities. Most \"What If\" stories begin with Uatu describing an event in the mainstream Marvel Universe, then introducing a point of divergence in that event and then describing the consequences of the divergence. Uatu was used similarly in the second series (1989–1998) until a point where, in the \"Fantastic Four\" comic book, Uatu was punished for destroying another Watcher. This made the use of Uatu improbable so the character was phased out to its last appearance in issue #76. Without a framing device", "id": "14287758" }, { "contents": "42 (number)\n\n\nthe Universe, and Everything\", calculated by an enormous supercomputer named Deep Thought over a period of 7.5 million years. Unfortunately, no one knows what the question is. Thus, to calculate the Ultimate Question, a special computer the size of a small planet was built from organic components and named \"Earth\". The Ultimate Question \"What do you get when you multiply six by nine\" was found by Arthur Dent and Ford Prefect in the second book of the series, \"The Restaurant at the End of the", "id": "17621071" }, { "contents": "Birthright (comic book)\n\n\nBirthright is an American comic book series written by Joshua Williamson and drawn by Andrei Bressan, announced July 14, 2014 and released October 8, 2014. This monthly comic book series is produced by Skybound Entertainment and published by Image Comics. When asked about where the idea for \"Birthright\" came from, Williamson says, \"Destiny. I thought a lot about life and life goals. What do you do after you get what you want. If you set a big goal and then accomplish it… what happens next.", "id": "13264929" }, { "contents": "Carbon Grey\n\n\nof delights and horrors\", while Rich Johnson at Bleeding Cool called the book his new \"guilty pleasure\". However, Chris Murphy at Comics Alliance was concerned by what he perceived as Nazi iconography in the series, and the emphasis of \"blood and bare flesh over story\". Later that month Image Comics released a press release announcing that issue one had sold out and would receive a second print run. The second edition, with an original cover, was released to coincide with the publication of the second issue.", "id": "12324610" }, { "contents": "Art Shay\n\n\n\" series of books explained concepts such as what happens when you build a house, spend money, turn on a light, and turn on the gas. Other books in Shay's \"What Happens ...\" series included what happens at the zoo, at a gas station, at a newspaper, at an animal hospital, at the circus, in a skyscraper, at the state fair, and at a weather station. In 2002, The University of Illinois Press published Shay's photographic essays, \"Animals\" and,", "id": "606707" }, { "contents": "Animal Rights Without Liberation\n\n\nwas the second book published as a part of the series, after Francione and Garner's 2010 \"The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or Regulation?\" It was published in August 2012 in a variety of formats. Cochrane's \"interest-based rights approach\" is the method utilised in the book to examine various ways in which animals are used by humans. Rights set limits on what can be done, even in the pursuit of aggregative well-being. The animal rights outlined by philosopher Tom Regan are based on the", "id": "11801402" }, { "contents": "Satires (Horace)\n\n\nS.\" 1.6.110–131, Horace illustrates what he means by describing a typical day in his own simple, but contented life. The second book also addresses the fundamental question of Greek Hellenistic philosophy, the search for a happy and contented life. In contrast to \"Satires\" I, however, many of this book's poems are dialogues in which the poet allows a series of pseudo-philosophers, such as the bankrupt art-dealer turned Stoic philosopher Damasippus, the peasant Ofellus, the mythical seer Teiresias, and the poet's", "id": "14588952" } ]

[ { "contents": "List of England Test cricket records\n\n\ninnings – Jim Laker of England took 10/53 against Australia in 1956 and India's Anil Kumble in 1999 returned figures of 10/74 against Pakistan. George Lohmann, one of fifteen bowlers who have taken nine wickets in a Test match innings, sits third on the list taking figures of 9/28 against South Africa in 1896. A bowler's bowling figures in a match is the sum of the wickets taken and the runs conceded over both innings. No bowler in the history of Test cricket has taken all 20 wickets in a match. The", "id": "412239" }, { "contents": "List of England Test cricket records\n\n\n8-match Test career, is second on the list. A five-wicket haul refers to a bowler taking five wickets in a single innings. Sri Lanka's Muttiah Muralitharan has taken the most five-wicket hauls in Test cricket with 67 throughout his career followed by Shane Warne achieving 37. Ian Botham and James Anderson are the highest ranked England players in equal seventh, with both taking 27. A ten-wicket haul refers to a bowler taking ten or more wickets in a match over two innings. As with the five", "id": "412243" }, { "contents": "List of Australia Test cricket records\n\n\nKumble in 1999 returned figures of 10/74 against Pakistan. Arthur Mailey is one of 15 bowlers who have taken nine wickets in a Test match innings. A bowler's bowling figures in a match is the sum of the wickets taken and the runs conceded over both innings. No bowler in the history of Test cricket has taken all 20 wickets in a match. The closest to do so was English spin bowler Jim Laker. During the fourth Test of the 1956 Ashes series, Laker took 9/37 in the first innings and 10/53 in", "id": "16895422" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Melbourne Cricket Ground\n\n\nDay International matches, and 7 T20 International matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at MCG was Billy Midwinter in 1877, in the first innings of the first Test. The first non-Australian to take a five-wicket haul in a", "id": "9590350" }, { "contents": "Yasir Shah\n\n\ntime and quickest spinner to take 150 wickets in Tests. In November 2018, in the second Test against New Zealand, Shah took fourteen wickets in the match. In the first innings, he took eight wickets for 41 runs, the best for any bowler against New Zealand in a Test match. On the same day, he took a total of ten wickets to become the first bowler for Pakistan and, only the second bowler overall, to take ten wickets in a single day of Test match cricket. His match figures", "id": "13736567" }, { "contents": "Jim Burke (cricketer)\n\n\nBrown, ending unbeaten in both innings. He made a duck in the following match against Victoria, but claimed his maiden five-wicket innings haul, taking 5/38 in the second innings. He removed Test batsmen Meuleman and Loxton before returning to dismiss Test bowlers Ian Johnson and Bill Johnston. Burke then scored half-centuries in consecutive Shield matches and was selected for an Australian XI to play against England in a Test trial. He scored 128 in his only innings and took the wicket of Denis Compton but this was not enough", "id": "15700949" }, { "contents": "Lakshan Sandakan\n\n\nSandakan took four wickets in the match, which Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets. He was adjudged his first man of the match award for bowling performance. He took his first five-wicket haul on day two of the third Test against India at Pallekele International Stadium. He became the first chinaman bowler for Sri Lanka to take a five-wicket haul in a Test innings. His figures did not held Sri Lanka to win the match due to poor batting performances in both innings. India won the match by an innings", "id": "18864330" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Lancaster Park\n\n\na bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Lancaster Park was Maurice Allom, who took five wickets for 38 runs for England against New Zealand in 1930. Phil Tufnell of England has the best Test match innings bowling figures on the ground, taking 7/47 in 1992, whilst fellow Englishman Derek Underwood has the best match figures on the ground, taking 12/97 in 1971. The first five wicket", "id": "2770637" }, { "contents": "List of Test cricket records\n\n\nJim Laker took 19 wickets for 90 runs (19–90) which set not only the Test record for best match figures but also the first-class one. In taking 10–53 in the second innings he became the first bowler to capture all ten wickets in a Test match innings, and his analysis remains the best innings figures. Indian Leg-spinner Anil Kumble is the only other bowler to have taken 10 wickets in an innings, claiming 10–74 against Pakistan in 1999. West Indies batsman Brian Lara has the highest individual score in", "id": "8750503" }, { "contents": "List of Pakistan Test cricket records\n\n\n. Abdul Qadir is one of 15 bowlers who has taken nine wickets in a Test match innings. A bowler's bowling figures in a match is sum of the wickets taken and the runs conceded in two innings. No bowler in the history of Test cricket has taken all 20 wickets in a match. The closest to do so was English spin bowler Jim Laker. During the fourth Test of the 1956 Ashes series, Laker took 9/37 in the first innings and 10/53 in the second to finish with match figures of 19/90.", "id": "2518971" }, { "contents": "Second Test, 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy\n\n\nmatch is remembered for VVS Laxman and Rahul Dravid's batting performance, Harbhajan Singh's hattrick and last day wicket-taking, Sachin Tendulkar's wicket-taking spell on the final day and Sourav Ganguly's aggressive brand of captaincy in deciding to go for the improbable victory and not just a draw. Also of note were Australia's first innings performances, particularly that of captain Steve Waugh and Matthew Hayden. The Test is most noted for its fourth day. After India trailed by more than 250 runs in the first innings,", "id": "7968246" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Harare Sports Club\n\n\nwicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Harare Sports Club was John Traicos for Zimbabwe against India in the very first match at the venue. He finished the innings with bowling figures of five wickets for 86 runs. The best figures in Test cricket at this venue are 8 wickets for", "id": "21169822" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Bellerive Oval\n\n\nT20I matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Bellerive Oval was Rumesh Ratnayake, who took 6 wickets for 66 runs in 1989 for Sri Lanka against Australia in the first innings of the first Test played at the ground. The first Australian to", "id": "8562037" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium\n\n\n1983 when the host Sri Lanka defeated Australia by 2 wickets. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at P Sara Oval was Muttiah Muralitharan in 2002; he finished with bowling figures of 5 wicket hauls in both innings. Muralitharan currently holds most five-", "id": "17246744" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium\n\n\ninnings of the very first Test match to be held at the venue. India's Anil Kumble was one wicket short of a fifer in the second innings of the same match. The first Indian to take a five-wicket haul in a Test at Mohali was Javagal Srinath, who did so in a game against New Zealand in 1999. With two five-wicket hauls in Test matches at the ground, Kumble is the only bowler to have taken more than one fifer at the ground. In total, 13 bowlers have", "id": "11444250" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium\n\n\nto a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Chepauk was Amar Singh for India against England in 1934; he finished the innings with bowling figures of 7 wickets for 86 runs. Australia's Ashley Mallett became the first to take two five-wicket hauls in the same match at Chepauk, when he took 5 for 91 and 5 for 53 in the second and fourth innings of the", "id": "15302927" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Edgbaston\n\n\nrefers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings, which is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Edgbaston was Wilfred Rhodes in 1902, who finished with bowling figures of 7 wickets for 17 runs. Overall, as of June 2019, 51 bowlers have taken 64 Test match five-wicket hauls at the ground. As of July 2019, 10 bowlers have taken five-wicket hauls during ODIs at Edgbaston, the first of which", "id": "6538449" }, { "contents": "Ryan Harris (cricketer)\n\n\nand 2 in the second innings. Following this he finished the fourth Test in Durham with 2 wickets in the first innings and 7 in the second innings. During the 3rd test match against South Africa, he took his 100th test wicket when he trapped Alviro Petersen leg before wicket. This made him one of only four test bowlers, who made their test debut after the age of 30, to take 100 test wickets. The other three are Clarrie Grimmett, Dilip Doshi and Saeed Ajmal. He is the only fast bowler", "id": "21294124" }, { "contents": "Mohammad Amir\n\n\nsquad for Pakistan for the series in Sri Lanka. He was chosen alongside fast bowler Umar Gul and Abdur Rauf, ahead of more notable and experienced names such as Sohail Tanvir. He started his Test career well, taking six wickets in the match, which included the wicket of Sri Lankan captain Kumar Sangakkara in both innings, as well as the Sri Lankan batsman, Mahela Jayawardene's wicket in the 2nd innings. However he did not get any wickets in his next two Test matches. His next test wickets came in New", "id": "4620717" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Oval\n\n\n-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings, which is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at the Oval was Fred Morley in 1880 who finished with bowling figures of 5 wickets for 56 runs. Overall, as of March 2019, 107 bowlers have taken 143 Test match five-wicket hauls at the ground. As of March 2019", "id": "6538452" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Queens Sports Club\n\n\nalso known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at the Queens Sports Club was Heath Streak for Zimbabwe against Pakistan. He finished the innings with bowling figures of five wickets for 70 runs, whilst Wasim Akram also took a five-wicket haul in the same match, finishing the innings with five wickets for 43", "id": "4359174" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium\n\n\ntour. As of October 2016, it has hosted a further 15 Test matches, 17 ODI matches and 17 T20I matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at ZAC Stadium was Muttiah Muralitharan for Sri Lanka against Bangladesh in 2006; he finished the", "id": "19250646" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Headingley\n\n\nwhen the hosts England defeated West Indies by 1 wicket. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Headingley was Hugh Trumble in 1899; he finished with bowling figures of 5 for 60 in England's first innings. The best figures in Test cricket at", "id": "18619029" }, { "contents": "George Parker (cricketer)\n\n\nruns in their first innings, Parker was by far the best of the South African bowlers, taking six of the ten wickets that fell for 152 runs. In the second Test, which England won by the same margin of an innings and 18 runs, Parker was the only bowler to take a wicket, taking the two wickets that fell for 121 runs in an innings declared for 531 runs. However, Parker was not able to play in matches against counties and, despite having taken two-thirds of the wickets that", "id": "39917" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Bangabandhu National Stadium\n\n\nto a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Dhaka Stadium was Ghulam Ahmed for India against Pakistan way back in 1955; he finished the innings with bowling figures of five wickets for 109 runs. The best figures in Test cricket at this venue are 7 wickets for 77 runs, taken by Pakistan's Danish Kaneria against Bangladesh in 2002. Pakistan's Fazal Mahmood has the most Test fifers", "id": "19313610" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the R. Premadasa Stadium\n\n\nground has been the venue for 8 Test matches, 120 One-Day International matches, and 23 T20 International matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first Test was played at the R. Premadasa Stadium between Sri Lanka and Australia on 28 August 1992. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a", "id": "17872077" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Brabourne Stadium\n\n\nin a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Brabourne Stadium was Prior Jones in 1949, for the West Indies against India. The first Indian to take a five-wicket haul in a Test at the Brabourne was Vinoo Mankad, who did so in a game against Pakistan in 1952. B. S. Chandrasekhar is the only bowler to have taken two five-wicket hauls in Test matches at the ground, doing so against the", "id": "11914814" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Adelaide Oval\n\n\nfive or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at the Adelaide Oval was Englishman Johnny Briggs in 1892, in the second innings of the first Test. He also took another fifer at the fourth innings and became the first man to take a ten-wicket haul at the venue as well. The first Australian to take a five-wicket haul in a Test at the venue was George Giffen, against England", "id": "18688416" }, { "contents": "Patrick Leeson\n\n\nPatrick George Leeson (17 July 1915 – 12 May 1997) was an English first-class cricketer: a right-handed batsman who played a single first-class match for Worcestershire against Northamptonshire in July 1936. Oddly, in that game he was dismissed in both innings by a Test bowler who was to take seven wickets in that innings: first for a duck by Vallance Jupp, and then for 7 by Austin Matthews. Leeson made one catch, to dismiss another Test player, Fred Bakewell. Leeson bowled right arm", "id": "19405079" }, { "contents": "Norman Yardley\n\n\novers than he had done previously on the whole tour, following injuries to Bill Voce and Bill Edrich, two of England's main bowlers. Bowling leg theory with a fielders concentrated on the leg side, Yardley managed to move the ball off the seam. He dismissed Bradman twice in the match, having figures of three for 67 in the second innings and taking five wickets in the match. This was the first time that an England player had scored fifty runs in both innings and taken five wickets in a Test. Yardley", "id": "16039986" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at WACA Ground\n\n\nand 2 T20 International matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at the WACA ground was Jeff Thomson, who took 5/93 in 1974 for Australia against England in the second Test played at the ground. The best bowling figures to date were achieved by", "id": "5354017" }, { "contents": "Roshen Silva\n\n\nSri Lanka a first innings total of 713. However, the match ended in a draw after Mominul Haque's made centuries in both innings. Silva took his batting form to the second Test of the tour as well. In the match, he scored match winning fifties in each innings, with Sri Lanka setting a target over 300 for Bangladesh to win the match. The match ended with a 215-run win to Sri Lanka due to impressive bowling performance by all bowlers. During the Test series, Roshen Silva went onto become the", "id": "5278334" }, { "contents": "Ghulam Ahmed (cricketer)\n\n\ntwo Tests against West Indies in 1958-59, both of which India lost. He was the leading bowler on the 1952 tour, taking 80 wickets in first-class matches at 21.92, and 15 in the four Tests at 24.73. \"Wisden\" said he \"had days when he looked in the highest world class, but on other occasions he lacked bite\". In the first innings of the First Test he bowled 63 overs and took 5 for 100. In the match against Oxford University he took 8 for", "id": "14054483" }, { "contents": "Curtly Ambrose\n\n\nTest, but was no longer the home team's most effective bowler. Then in June, Sri Lanka played a two-Test series, won 1–0 by West Indies. In the first, Ambrose took five for 37 in the first innings, and eight wickets in the game, to be named man of the match. This included his 300th wicket in Test matches; he was the 12th bowler, and fourth West Indian, to reach this landmark. Ambrose also played five ODIs during the West Indies home season, taking", "id": "12897451" }, { "contents": "List of cricketers by number of international five-wicket hauls\n\n\na match at 49 years and 311 days. Two cricketers - Jim Laker and Anil Kumble hold the distinction of taking all 10 wickets in the innings. In the same match where Jim Laker took all wickets in the innings, he captured 19 wickets in the match, the most wickets ever captured by a bowler in a Test match. By December 2018, 150 cricketers had taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut five-wicket haul on debut in a Test match. Of these, nine cricketers have taken two five-", "id": "14590948" }, { "contents": "James Anderson (cricketer)\n\n\nknee injuries and vice-captain Marcus Trescothick departed for undisclosed \"personal\" reasons. After an unconvincing display by Liam Plunkett in the second Test in Mohali Anderson was recalled for the final match of the series. He impressed in England's victory, taking figures of 4/40 in the first innings. After his impressive display in the final match in India, Anderson looked likely to feature as one of England's main bowlers in both the ODI series and Test matches against Pakistan and Sri Lanka; however an early season stress fracture of", "id": "13713407" }, { "contents": "English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2018–19\n\n\nretire from international cricket following the first Test in Galle. In the first innings of the match, he became the third bowler to take 100 Test wickets at the same venue, when he dismissed the England captain Joe Root. After the match, Herath said that it was \"the right time\" to retire, finishing his career with 433 Test wickets, the most for a left-arm spin bowler. Sri Lanka's Test captain, Dinesh Chandimal, was ruled out of the rest of the series after suffering an injury", "id": "14405075" }, { "contents": "Ravi Shastri\n\n\ntwo sixes, thus becoming Warne's first Test wicket. It was also during this innings that the knee injury that would soon end his career appeared for the first time. India had gone into the match with four pace bowlers and no regular spinners. Shastri was little more than a part-time bowler by this time. By the final day, pitch started taking spin. Shastri took four wickets in the second innings and Australia just about beat the clock to draw the match. India could well have won the match with", "id": "19607025" }, { "contents": "Ian Meckiff\n\n\nthe upper hand over Borde, dismissing him in both innings. The Victorian bowler had little success in the final two Tests, taking only three wickets as Australia won the series 2–1. He ended the subcontinental tour with 15 wickets at 35.73, and scored 70 runs at 23.33. He had particular success against Borde, dismissing him five times in as many Tests. Meckiff returned to Australia in time to play his solitary Sheffield Shield match for the 1959–60 season, taking the only ten-wicket match haul of his career. He", "id": "3308499" }, { "contents": "Monty Panesar\n\n\nPanesar's first Test ten wicket haul came in the third Test at Old Trafford, in which he took four first innings wickets, and six in the second innings, for match figures of 10/187. He became the first English spin bowler to take ten wickets in a match for ten years, since Phil Tufnell did so in 1997. He was awarded his first man of the match award for the performance. Panesar achieved his sixth 5-wicket haul in the final Test match, at Chester-le-Street. He took the", "id": "13928491" }, { "contents": "List of Australia Test cricket records\n\n\nTest cricket with Muralitharan taking 67 throughout his career and Warne achieving 37. A ten-wicket haul refers to a bowler taking ten or more wickets in a match over two innings. As with the five-wicket hauls above, Shane Warne is second only to Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka in taking the most ten-wicket hauls in Test cricket with Muralitharan haven taken 22 to Warne's 10. The worst figures in a single innings in Test cricket came in the third Test between the West Indies at home to Pakistan in", "id": "16895426" }, { "contents": "Mitchell Starc\n\n\nin the Boxing Day Test, he broke Andrew Symonds' record of the most sixes at the MCG in one innings, hitting 7 sixes. In November 2017, he became the first bowler to take a hat-trick in each innings of a Sheffield Shield match, while playing for New South Wales against Western Australia in the 2017–18 Sheffield Shield season. During the 2019 World Cup in England, Mitchell Starc became the fastest bowler to take 150 wickets in ODIs, doing so in just 77 innings, thus breaking the previous record", "id": "4186464" }, { "contents": "Quintin McMillan\n\n\nseries, when Cyril Vincent was injured, and in the last game when the series was already lost. In early matches, he took five wickets for 36 in Glamorgan's second innings, but was overshadowed by Vincent's match figures of 11 for 89. And against Cambridge University he took five for 45. McMillan's Test debut came at Lord's but as a bowler he was unable to make any impact, failing to take a wicket; he scored 17 in his only innings. His Test innings, according to later", "id": "445230" }, { "contents": "List of Sri Lanka Test cricket records\n\n\nby the bowler is divided by the number of wickets captured. Muttiah Muralitharan's 9 wickets for 51 runs against Zimbabwe is Test cricket's fifth-best bowling figures in a single innings. Also Rangana Herath's 9 wickets for 127 runs against Pakistan is the Best bowling figures by a left hand bowler in Test cricket history. The Sri Lankan record of 16 wickets for 220 runs set by Muttiah Muralitharan against England is the fifth-best figures by a bowler in a single Test match. Taking five or more wickets in a", "id": "11212553" }, { "contents": "Fazal Mahmood\n\n\ndescribed as 'a phenomenal number of overs for a bowler of his pace'. Fazal conceded 247 runs in the innings and took the only two wickets to fall. Fazal's bowling analysis places him fifth in Test history for most overs bowled and most runs conceded in an innings. Pakistan lost the Test by an innings and by losing the next match in Guyana they lost the series. Pakistan achieved a consolation victory in the fifth Test, Fazal taking 6/83 in the first innings including the wicket of Conrad Hunte with the first", "id": "15580486" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium\n\n\n) refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul at Mirpur was Zaheer Khan for India against Bangladesh during the ground's debut Test match in May 2007. The most recent five-wicket haul, , was taken by Bangladesh's Mehedi Hasan (5 wickets for 59 runs), during the second Test against the West Indies in November 2018. Sohag Gazi and Akila Dananjaya are the two bowlers who have", "id": "2083358" }, { "contents": "Javagal Srinath\n\n\naverage of 25.00. Srinath received his second test-cricket man-of-the-match award against the West Indies in Bombay, scoring 60 runs off 72 balls coming at ninth place and taking four wickets in the second innings. Although Srinath became the main bowler in 1995 after Kapil Dev's retirement, he played only three test matches and 12 ODIs for the Indian team due to injuries. With his spell of 3/24, New Zealand were all out for 145 in the first innings; India won the test match by", "id": "17122484" }, { "contents": "Ben Hilfenhaus\n\n\nplaying in very good form. He is a strong, durable, experienced bowler.\" He was selected for the first Test—the Boxing Day Test—and took 5/75 in India's first innings, his first five-wicket haul in Test cricket. In the following match Hilfenhaus claimed a second five-wicket haul to help Australia take a 2–0 lead in the series. Australia won the third Test by an innings to claim the Border–Gavaskar Trophy. Hilfenhaus took four wickets in each of India's innings and as", "id": "10105164" }, { "contents": "Fred Trueman\n\n\n21, dismissing Colin McDonald in both innings. Brian Statham returned for the now legendary fourth Test at Old Trafford, taking Trueman's place and opening the bowling with Bailey, but no pace bowlers were needed here for this was \"Laker's Match\", the Surrey off-spinner taking an unparalleled 19 wickets in the match. Trueman made 31 first-class appearances in 1956 but had difficulty with a persistent strain in his left side, exacerbated by occasional sciatica, and he reverted to his long run after more problems with", "id": "19764977" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Asgiriya Stadium\n\n\nwhen the host Sri Lanka lost to Pakistan by 8 wickets. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Asgiriya Stadium was Venkatesh Prasad in 2001; he finished with bowling figures of 5 for 72 in third innings. Muttiah Muralitharan currently holds most five-", "id": "17246869" }, { "contents": "David Dunlop (cricketer)\n\n\n85 he took 5 for 69 and 5 for 44 and made 23 and 22 not out. In November 1886 Dunlop was Canterbury’s leading bowler against the touring Australians, taking 5 for 50 and 3 for 17 as the Australians struggled in a drawn match. In the first innings he bowled skilfully into a strong wind, varying his pace and moving the ball through the air to bowl all five of his victims, all of them Test players. Against Wellington a few weeks later he bowled unchanged throughout both innings to take 4", "id": "8156214" }, { "contents": "List of cricketers by number of international five-wicket hauls\n\n\nits highest standard for both batsmen and bowlers. Today, Test matches are scheduled to be played across five consecutive days. Bowlers have no limit on the number of overs that they can bowl. Also, since each team can potentially play two innings, bowlers of each team get the opportunity to bowl at the opposition twice. The first officially recognised Test match took place on 15–19 March 1877 and was played between England and Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). One Day International (ODI) cricket is a form", "id": "14590944" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Pallekele International Cricket Stadium\n\n\nalso known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at Pallekele Cricket Stadium was Junaid Khan, who took 5/70 in 2012 for Pakistan against host Sri Lanka in the second Test played at the ground. 6 for 106 by Akila Dananjaya against England is the best bowling figures to date in Tests at Pallekele Stadium. There", "id": "17480903" }, { "contents": "Alf Valentine\n\n\nand 5 for 41 as the West Indies beat Lancashire by an innings and 220 runs. He justified his selection for the Test side when in the first innings of the first Test, he took the first eight wickets, five of them before lunch on the first day. He finished with 8 for 104 in the innings, and 11 for 204 in the match off 106 overs. He was the first bowler ever to take eight wickets in his first Test innings, a feat which has only been achieved three times since .", "id": "18273438" }, { "contents": "Ron Hamence with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\n\n\nthe tour matches, such as in both innings of the second match against Surrey and the second innings of the second match against Yorkshire. This allowed Bradman to rest his first-choice bowlers to keep them fresh for the Tests. Hamence's primary role was to allow the leading batsmen an opportunity to conserve energy for the Tests; the Australians generally had six days of play scheduled every week. In most of the matches, Hamence batted in the middle order at Nos. 5, 6 and 7. Along with Loxton,", "id": "19653465" }, { "contents": "1912 Triangular Tournament\n\n\n, outside of regional tournaments in East Africa and the West Indies, until the invention of One Day International cricket and the first Cricket World Cup in 1975. The only other Test cricket tournaments in history were the Asian Test Championships played in 1998–99 and 2001–02, which were also not great successes. Perhaps the most notable incident of the series was Australian bowler Jimmy Matthews taking two hat-tricks in the same Test match, one in each innings of the opening match against South Africa, the only time a bowler has taken two", "id": "7885105" }, { "contents": "Munaf Patel\n\n\nhe transferred to Maharashtra, and after taking 10 wickets against England in a tour match for the Board President's XI, he was rewarded with his selection in the Indian Test Squad for the 2nd Test against England in Mohali, when he made his Test debut. Patel recorded the figures of 7/97 on debut, including 4/25 in the second innings and demonstrated an ability to swing the ball in both directions. In the 2005–2006 Test Series against West Indies, Munaf proved he was arguably the fastest bowler in India, bowling regularly at", "id": "5510094" }, { "contents": "History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900\n\n\nLohmann taking 8 wickets for 7 runs, including a hat-trick. He had match figures of 15 for 45. Lohmann followed this with 9 wickets for 28 runs in the first innings of the second Test, the first time a bowler had taken 9 wickets in a single Test innings. In the third Test, Lohmann took his haul of wickets to 35 at an average of 5.8. England in South Africa 1895–96. Match length: 3 days. Balls per over: 5. Series result: England won 3–0.", "id": "5544298" }, { "contents": "Rashid Khan (cricketer)\n\n\nJune 2018. On his Test debut he conceded 154 runs in the first innings of the match, becoming the first bowler to concede more than 150 runs in their inaugural Test appearance of any player's country. Rashid's figures of 2 for 154 in the first innings was also the highest number of runs conceded by a bowler in country's inaugural Test match, beating the previous record held by Amir Elahi, who conceded 134 runs during Pakistan's debut Test against India in 1952. During the Afghanistan's inaugural test match he", "id": "2392934" }, { "contents": "English cricket team in Australia in 2002–03\n\n\nlead on the fourth and final day, Hayden becoming only the fourth Australian to score a century in both innings of a Test match with his 103. Adam Gilchrist weighed in with 60 not out from 59 balls to take the Aussies to 296 for 5. Giles and Caddick were the only England bowlers to have any success: Giles taking the wickets of both Hayden and Ponting to finish with figures of 2 for 90 and Caddick taking 3 for 95. Waugh's declaration left England with a target of 464 runs for victory.", "id": "11403079" }, { "contents": "Charles Marriott\n\n\n. He took 11 wickets during the match, 5/37 in the West Indies first innings, and 6/59 in the second, making him the fourth cricketer to take two five wicket hauls on Test debut. \"Wisden\" reported that with \"clever fighting of the ball, perfect length and spin\" he produced \"one of the best performance accomplished by a bowler when playing for England for the first time\" and Marriott remains the bowler with the lowest bowling average to have taken more than 10 wickets in Test matches. He \"", "id": "19998637" }, { "contents": "List of Test cricket hat-tricks\n\n\nDemon Bowler\", who dismissed three English batsmen with consecutive deliveries at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The most recent bowler to achieve the feat was English spin bowler Moeen Ali against South Africa on 31 July 2017. A player has taken two hat-tricks in the same Test match only once. Playing for Australia against South Africa in the first match of the 1912 Triangular Tournament at Old Trafford, Manchester, England, leg spinner Jimmy Matthews took a hat-trick in South Africa's first and second innings, both taken on", "id": "17141662" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Carisbrook\n\n\nDay International (ODI) matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. There were 16 Test and two ODI five-wicket hauls taken on the ground. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in an international match at Carisbrook was Sonny Ramadhin, who took six wickets at the cost of 23 runs in a", "id": "1390982" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Basin Reserve\n\n\n's T20I matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. there have been 75 five-wicket hauls on the ground, 69 in Test matches and six in ODIs. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul on the ground was Frank Woolley, who took seven wickets for 76 runs for England in the ground's", "id": "2770569" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium\n\n\ninnings with bowling figures of six wickets for 54 runs. The best figures in Test cricket at this venue are 7 wickets for 36 runs, taken by Bangladesh's Shakib Al Hasan against New Zealand in 2008. He is also the best Test bowler to take four fifers at ZAC Stadium. As of October 2016, there have been 16 Test match five-wicket hauls at this ground. As of October 2016, a bowler is yet to take a five-wicket haul in ODIs at ZAC Stadium. In T20Is, 2", "id": "19250647" }, { "contents": "Fazal Mahmood\n\n\nlead on first innings but after three early wickets their second innings slowed and the match petered out to a draw. Despite missing a match Fazal was Pakistan's leading wicket-taker for the series, taking 11 at 19.36. These efforts led him to achieve the number 1 ranking in ICC Test Bowlers ranking for 1959. Pakistan toured India during the 1960–61 season but with little reward as all 15 matches on their tour, including five Tests, were drawn. Just as seven years previous, the series contained dour and defensive cricket", "id": "15580492" }, { "contents": "Pairs in Test and first-class cricket\n\n\nA \"pair\" in cricket refers to when a batsman is dismissed for a duck (without scoring) in both innings. It is called a 'king pair' if the batsman gets out for a golden duck [getting out on the first ball he faced] in both innings. The name originates from the two noughts together being thought to resemble a pair of spectacles; the longer form is occasionally used. New Zealand fast bowler Chris Martin has been dismissed without scoring in both innings during seven Test matches, three more", "id": "707087" }, { "contents": "Andy Blignaut\n\n\nfive wickets in the first innings against Bangladesh in Bulawayo in 2001. Blignaut took a hat-trick against Bangladesh in a Test match at Harare on 22 February 2004. He is the only bowler to take a Test hat-trick for Zimbabwe. Like Travis Friend and Henry Olonga before him, Blignaut was one of the few Zimbabwean bowlers who could exceed 90mph. In a land full of medium-fast bowlers, Blignaut (on his day) formed a lethal opening combination with the dependable Heath Streak, often rushing the", "id": "20111482" }, { "contents": "Mohammad Sami\n\n\ntaking 8 wickets for 106 runs in the match, including five wickets in the second innings. This was a world record for the most wickets by a debutant. During his third Test match he achieved a hat-trick against Sri Lanka and in 2002 he took his second hat-trick in his career, against the West Indies during a One Day International match. This led to him becoming one of only a two bowlers in cricket (the other was Wasim Akram) to achieve this mark in both forms of the game", "id": "9072153" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Riverside Ground\n\n\n94 runs in the qualifying round of that year's Cricket World Cup. Three T20Is have been played at the ground. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at the Riverside Ground was Richard Johnson in 2003 who, making his Test debut for England against", "id": "16165127" }, { "contents": "Samit Patel\n\n\nand when they toured Sri Lanka in March, struggling batsman Eoin Morgan was dropped and Patel was selected in the Test squad for the first time. Patel played in both Tests against Sri Lanka, batting at number 7 England lost the first Test by 75 runs, with Patel taking 2–27 in Sri Lanka's first innings, although he did not pick up a wicket in the second. He made scores of two and nine and was dismissed each time by a spin bowler. In the second match, which England won by 8", "id": "6937375" }, { "contents": "Tony Mann (cricketer)\n\n\nthe first season of the Packer schism. He was selected to play against the touring Indian side, being picked over Jim Higgs due in part because of his better batting. Mann took 3–12 in the first innings of the First Test and also making useful scores of 19 and 26 in a closely fought match. He was less successful in the second innings as a bowler, taking 0–52. In the Second Test he found the going harder against the Indian batsmen, taking 0–63 and 0–49. However in the second innings, when", "id": "11409437" }, { "contents": "George Lohmann\n\n\nin the first Test, including a hat trick (the fourth Test cricket hat-trick) at the end of the second innings to win the match; and after not being put on initially in the second Test, he became the first bowler to take nine wickets in a Test innings (a feat subsequently emulated only 14 times and surpassed only twice). In 1896, Lohmann began to play for Surrey at the end of May, and, though he took 93 wickets and helped Richardson to put Australia out for 53", "id": "13142312" }, { "contents": "Colin Miller (cricketer)\n\n\nan ankle injury. He mixed both styles with considerable success, and was a surprise addition to the Australian Test team at the age of 34, being able to act both as the second spin bowler and the third pace bowler. He played Test cricket principally as an off-spinner, and took 69 wickets at an average of 26.15. His best innings and match figures came in the Third Test against West Indies in Adelaide in 2000–01, when he took 5 for 81 and 5 for 32. He won the award for", "id": "2526086" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls on New Zealand cricket grounds\n\n\nInternational cricket has been played in New Zealand since 1930 when the New Zealand national cricket team played their first Test match against England at Christchurch. The New Zealand Women cricket team played its first Test match in 1935 at the same venue and both sides continue to play internationals at a range of venues across new Zealand. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded", "id": "19792370" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium\n\n\n2011. Of the four Twenty20 Internationals staged at the venue, three matches were held during the World Twenty20 in 2016. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement. The first bowler to take a five-wicket haul in a Test match at PCA Stadium was Kenny Benjamin in 1994, for the West Indies against India in the fourth", "id": "11444249" }, { "contents": "Claude Newberry\n\n\nin 1910-11 and 1911-12, taking 6 for 28 in March 1911 to dismiss Eastern Province for 77. When England toured South Africa in 1913-14, the First Test resulted in an innings victory to England. In the next match of the tour, against Transvaal, Newberry was the most successful of the local bowlers, taking 3 for 109 as MCC again won by an innings. Newberry was brought into the South African side for the Second Test, one of four changes, and retained his place for", "id": "39782" }, { "contents": "Irfan Pathan\n\n\n7/59 haul, his Test career best innings haul, and 5/67 in the final Test in Harare, his second ten-wicket match haul to set up a ten wicket victory, having also scored 32 in the first innings. He was again named man of the match, and his 21 wickets at 11.29 runs saw him named man of the series. This made him only the third bowler after Anil Kumble and Johnny Briggs to take 21 wickets in a two-match series. Upon the team's return to India, Chappell", "id": "9185141" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Mitchell Johnson\n\n\nIn cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement, and as of September 2014 only 42 bowlers have taken 15 or more five-wicket hauls at the international level. Mitchell Johnson—a left-arm fast bowler—is a former Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) cricketer who represented Australia. Johnson took 264 wickets in Test matches", "id": "9787939" }, { "contents": "Tim Southee\n\n\ninnings. Southee also took two first-innings wickets, but over the second and third days Pakistan easily won the match. Established as one of New Zealand's opening bowlers, Southee added two wickets in each innings of the second test. This gave his 6 for the series, averaging 40.5. He also scored another 23 runs in a drawn match. Both his batting and bowling averages for the series were better than his test career averages to date. Southee played five of the six ODIs. One was washed out in", "id": "20511995" }, { "contents": "Fred Rumsey\n\n\nwickets. He took 119 first-class wickets that season at an average of only 16.18, taking five or more in an innings on seven occasions. As one of the fastest bowlers ever to play for Somerset Rumsey had made his Test debut in 1964 against Australia at Manchester, his 2–99 from 35.5 overs fairly impressive in a match in which Australia piled up 656 for 8 declared, thanks to 311 from Bob Simpson (indeed, both sides passed 600 in their first innings); he was, however, not retained for", "id": "7659462" }, { "contents": "James Anderson (cricketer)\n\n\n2nd Test at Adelaide. He ended the tour as the top England wicket-taker in the Ashes. Over the entire series Anderson bowled 223.3 overs, the most in a series in his career. During the second Test against New Zealand in 2018, Anderson – along with partner Stuart Broad and the two opening bowlers from the opposition (Trent Boult and Tim Southee) – was part of just the third quartet of opening bowlers to take all 20 wickets in the first innings of each team in a single Test match (and", "id": "13713490" }, { "contents": "Anil Kumble\n\n\nand the only Indian bowler ever, to have taken 5 wickets in a Test innings more than 30 times. He also holds the world record for the largest number of caught-and-bowled dismissals in tests, 35 – which forms 5.65% of his total wickets. He is also one of 4 Indian bowlers to have conceded over 250 runs in a Test match, although he took 12 wickets in that match. He is known for bowling tirelessly, having bowled 72 overs in a Test innings once. He is also", "id": "1001168" }, { "contents": "History of the West Indian cricket team\n\n\nWest Indies followed in 1934–35. England won the first Test in Barbados on a poor pitch, affected by rain, and in a match where 309 runs were scored, England took a four-wicket victory. Both sides declared one of their innings closed to have their bowlers take advantage of the poor pitch. The second Test saw the Windies win by 217 runs, and a drawn third Test saw the series go to a decider at Sabina Park in Jamaica. A massive 270 not out from George Headley saw the Windies declare", "id": "1131385" }, { "contents": "Saeed Ajmal\n\n\nESPNCricinfo. Pakistan started 2012 with a three Test series against England in the United Arab Emirates. Ajmal was named the man of the match for the first Test in Dubai, with match figures of 10 wickets for 97 runs and a career best 7/55 in England's first innings. His spell was nominated to be one of the best Test bowling performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo. In the second fixture he dismissed Matt Prior to become the fastest Pakistani bowler to reach 100 wickets in Tests, taking 19 matches to accomplish the feat", "id": "9735540" }, { "contents": "Tommy Scott (cricketer)\n\n\n's innings victory over L. H. Tennyson's XI in 1927-28. He played in eight Tests for the West Indies, including all five in the tour of Australia in 1930–31, when he finished the Australian first innings in the First Test by taking four wickets in nine deliveries without cost. Scott holds the record for the most runs conceded by a bowler in a Test. His match figures of 9 for 374, against England at Kingston in 1929–30, included a first innings bowling analysis of 80.2 overs, 13 maidens,", "id": "1539611" }, { "contents": "Sandy Bell\n\n\n's first innings and Clarrie Grimmett, who took 14 wickets in the match. Bell was once again the most successful South African bowler and for the third match in succession took five wickets in an innings: he finished with figures of five for 142, though he failed once again to dismiss Bradman and did not take his wicket during the series. The fifth and final Test produced a similarly convincing victory for the Australians as all the other Tests, though the circumstances were very different: the South Africans were dismissed for totals of", "id": "445213" }, { "contents": "Andrew Strauss\n\n\nthe second test match at the Adelaide Oval, Ricky Ponting won the toss and chose to bat but Strauss' bowlers skittled the Aussies for 245, thanks to James Anderson's 4–51 . England then made 620–5 before declaring but Strauss was out for 1 in that innings. England then bowled Australia out again for 304, with Graeme Swann taking 5–91 and England winning by an innings and 71 runs. In the third test match at Perth, Strauss won the toss and chose to bowl first. England bowled Australia out for 268 on", "id": "9391315" }, { "contents": "Rangana Herath\n\n\nspinner to take a Test hat-trick. He is also the second left-arm orthodox bowler ever to take a Test hatrick after Johnny Briggs in 1892. In the process he became the oldest cricketer to take a hat-trick in Test matches. In the third Test at SSC, Herath took his 25th and 26th five-wicket haul in Test cricket. This is his fourth consecutive Test against Australia in where he has taken four or more wickets in the opponent's first innings. His 25th fifer mark is the", "id": "5902145" }, { "contents": "Rangana Herath\n\n\n251. This gave windies to keep follow-on and they came in to bat for the second innings just on the third day. Just as in the first innings, Herath was all over the Windies, where they all out for 227 runs, giving Sri Lanka a huge win by an innings and 6 runs. Herath took 4/79 in second innings, finished his fifth ten-wicket haul in Test cricket and adjudged man of the match award as well. The second match was a show of bowlers. Both teams do", "id": "5902139" }, { "contents": "Fazal Mahmood\n\n\ninnings. Pakistan reversed the result in the second Test at Lucknow, played on a jute matting pitch Fazal took 5/52 in the first innings and 7/42 in the second as Pakistan won by an innings in only their second ever Test. His match figures of 12/94 are the best by a Pakistani bowler away from home, and were the best by any bowler against India until 1980. In the third Test at Bombay Fazal was wicketless as Pakistan lost by ten wickets, although in their first innings he scored 33 batting at number eight", "id": "15580474" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Chaminda Vaas\n\n\n2001, Vaas recorded the best bowling figures in ODI history, taking eight wickets for 19 runs against Zimbabwe. This is also the only occasion where a bowler managed to take eight wickets in an ODI innings. In addition, the six wickets he took for 25 runs against Bangladesh during the 2003 Cricket World Cup are the best figures recorded by a Sri Lankan bowler in a World Cup match. Vaas played his last ODI in August 2008 and his last Test match in July 2009. He also played six Twenty20 International matches but", "id": "8535952" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Alec Bedser\n\n\nSir Alec Bedser was a medium-fast bowler for England in Test matches between 1946 and 1955. Across his career he played 51 Tests, and took 236 wickets at a bowling average of 24.89. Bedser's wicket talley is the tenth highest for England in Test cricket, and he took 15 five-wicket hauls. Also known as \"five–fors\" or \"fifers\", five-wicket hauls refer to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement,", "id": "10008980" }, { "contents": "Kagiso Rabada\n\n\nin the world displacing countryman Imran Tahir as per the ICC ODI bowler rankings and became youngest player (aged 22) to top the ODI rankings since Saqlain Mushtaq in 1998. During the first test of India's tour of South Africa in 2018 at Newlands, Rabada took 3/34 and 2/41 in the first and second innings. Following his performance in the match, Rabada became top ranked Test bowler in the world as per the ICC Test bowler rankings displacing England bowler James Anderson. In the second test match against Australia, Rabada took", "id": "8650793" }, { "contents": "1877 English cricket season\n\n\n1877 was the 91st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). 15 - 19 March. Australia v. England at Melbourne Cricket Ground. Afterwards recognised as the first-ever Test Match. Australia won by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman scoring 165*: the first Test century. William Midwinter, with 5-78 in England’s first innings, was the first bowler to take five wickets in a Test innings. 31 March - 4 April. Australia v. England: Second Test, also", "id": "13486139" }, { "contents": "List of Pakistan Test cricket records\n\n\nWasim Akram is tenth on the list and leading the equivalent list for Pakistan. A ten-wicket haul refers to a bowler taking ten or more wickets in a match over two innings. Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka has taken the most ten-wicket hauls in Test cricket with 22. Imran Khan, jointly tenth with Derek Underwood of England, leads the equivalent list for Pakistan with 6 ten-wicket hauls. The worst figures in a single innings in Test cricket came in the third Test between the West Indies at home", "id": "2518975" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Galle International Stadium\n\n\nThe Galle International Stadium is a 17,000 capacity cricket stadium situated in Galle, Sri Lanka. The first Test match was between hosts Sri Lanka and New Zealand on 3 June 1998. Basically it is used for Test matches. In total the ground has been the venue for 31 Test matches, 9 One-Day International matches. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five-for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This", "id": "17481075" }, { "contents": "Australian cricket team in England in 1948\n\n\nresisting the spin bowlers on the dry wicket. Despite Kardar's innings of 54 and 29, the top-score in both innings, Australia won by an innings and 90 runs as wickets fell steadily. The wickets were spread evenly among the tourists; Toshack took three in each innings, while Johnston and McCool totalled four for the match. The MCC fielded seven players who would represent England in the Tests, and with two other capped players, were basically a full strength Test team, as were Australia, who fielded their", "id": "5263656" }, { "contents": "Jim Laker\n\n\nof the fourth test at Old Trafford, Wisden began by saying that \"this memorable game will always be known as Laker's Match because of the remarkable performance by the Surrey off-break bowler in taking nine wickets for 37 runs in the first innings and ten wickets for 53 in the second\". The match took place from Thursday, 26 to Tuesday, 31 July. England, who had won the toss and decided to bat first, won the match by an innings and 170 runs. England batted until mid-", "id": "18628123" }, { "contents": "Hedley Verity\n\n\n, including a hat-trick. His bowling figures of 10 for 10 beat the previous record for fewest runs conceded while taking all 10 wickets, and remain the best bowling analysis in first-class cricket. He is the only Yorkshire bowler to take all 10 wickets in an innings on two separate occasions. Yorkshire won the match by 10 wickets. Despite Verity's success, he was not selected for any Gentlemen v Players matches, nor in the Test match against India. His only representative cricket came in a Test trial", "id": "14188219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard Nyren\n\n\nNyren captained Hambledon against Chertsey at Laleham Burway in what has become known as the \"big bat match\". When Thomas Brett objected to the wide bat used by Chertsey's Thomas White, Nyren supported him and the Hambledon players effected a change in the Laws of Cricket, formally recognised in the 1774 code, to limit the width of the bat to four and one quarter inches. An unusual feature of Nyren's career is that, in an age when \"given men\" were the norm rather than the exception in cricket", "id": "19012213" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\nA cricket bat is a specialised piece of equipment used by batsmen in the sport of cricket to hit the ball, typically consisting of a cane handle attached to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. The length of the bat may be no more than 38 inches (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 inches (108 mm). Its use is first mentioned in 1624. Since 1979, a Law change stipulated that bats can only be made from wood. The \"blade\" of a cricket bat", "id": "10951738" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\nagainst Surrey. In 2008 Lekka Cricket launched a T20 format bat, the Big Hitter. Black Cat Cricket then launched a T20 format bat, the Joker, in 2009. These worked on a similar principle to other T20 bats with the blade length reduced by one inch and an inch longer handle, but uniquely reduced the width of the bat to 4 inches in an adult bat. Modern bats are usually hand made in Sialkot, Pakistan and India due to the low cost of labour. However a few specialists in England,", "id": "10951755" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\nfirst ODI in Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium in Vijayawada on November 24, 2002, a cricket bat which is 100 feet in height and 10 feet in width has been installed at a prominent location inside the stadium. The bat is said to be made of a synthetic material costing about Rs. 1,400,000. It was designed by MAA Arts under the supervision of Andhra Cricket Association. The bat has a picteresque of the Krishna barrage on top and the names of the players of the host India team and the West Indies cricket team who", "id": "17600760" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\nsome manufacturers offering unique variations. Commonly found are children's sizes 0 to 6, youth size Harrow and adult sizes. SH (Short Handle) is the most common adult size, whilst long handle and long blade options are also available. Children's sizes increase in length and width as the size increase. Although most adult bats will be the maximum width permitted (4.25 inches), no generally available cricket bat is the maximum length of 38 inches, indeed very few exceed 35 inches. Various companies have over the years", "id": "10951746" }, { "contents": "1771 English cricket season\n\n\nsubmitted, signed by Brett, Hambledon captain Richard Nyren and leading batsman John Small. Hambledon were the most influential cricket club of the time and quickly brought about a change in the Laws of Cricket covering the dimensions of bats. A metal gauge was created by the club to check the size of any bat used. A formal change in the Laws of Cricket was agreed in 1774, restricting the width of a bat to , a size which remains in force today. The match between Nottingham and Sheffield on 26 August is the", "id": "12960939" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\nLaw 5 of the Laws of Cricket state that the length of the bat may be no more than 38 in (965 mm), the width no more than 4.25 in (108 mm), the overall depth no more than 2.64 in (67 mm) and edge no more than 1.56 in (40 mm). Bats typically weigh from 2 lb 7 oz to 3 lb (1.2 to 1.4 kg) though there is no standard. Appendix B of the Laws of Cricket set out more precise specifications. This rule", "id": "10951744" }, { "contents": "1774 English cricket season\n\n\nattended by a range of influential cricket figures who produced \"New Articles of the Game of Cricket\", essentially a revised version of the 1744 Laws. The revision of the Laws formalised the standard width of a cricket bat at , a measure that had been introduced by the Hambledon Club following the Monster Bat Incident of 1771. The weight of a cricket ball was narrowed to between and , having previously been limited to between and , and the toss of a coin was removed from the game, with the listing team instead having", "id": "14561181" }, { "contents": "The Cricketers of My Time\n\n\nthe bat to 4¼ inches. Another law was decreed that the ball should not weigh less than 5½ oz, or more than 5¾ oz. The Laws of cricket still stipulate the limit on the width of the bat that was agreed by the Hambledon Club as a result of the \"Monster Bat Incident\". While Nyren, a boy at the time of the incident in 1771, may have thought that White was cheating, it is now believed that he forced an issue as the modern straight bats were a recent innovation,", "id": "498871" }, { "contents": "1771 English cricket season\n\n\nThe 1771 English cricket season was the 28th season following the earliest known codification of the Laws of Cricket. Details have survived of 19 eleven-a-side matches between significant teams. The Monster Bat Incident occurred during the season. 19 eleven-a-side match between significant teams are known to have taken place. During the match between Chertsey and Hambledon on 23 September, a Chertsey batsman, described as \"one White of Reigate\", used a cricket bat the width of the wicket. This enabled White, who", "id": "12960937" }, { "contents": "Bowling (cricket)\n\n\nthe influence of rough ground and brute force. It was in the 1770s that the modern game began to take shape. The weight of the ball was limited to between five and a half and five and three-quarter ounces, and the width of the bat to four inches. The latter ruling followed an innings by a batter called Thomas \"Daddy\" White, who appeared with a bat the width of the wicket. In 1774, the first leg before law was published. Also around this time, a third stump", "id": "6729692" }, { "contents": "Laws of Cricket\n\n\nHambledon at Laleham Burway, the Chertsey all-rounder Thomas White used a bat that was the width of the wicket. There was no rule in place to prevent this action and so all the Hambledon players could do was register a formal protest which was signed by Thomas Brett, Richard Nyren and John Small, the three leading Hambledon players. As a result, it was decided by the game's lawmakers that the maximum width of the bat must be four and one quarter inches; this was included in the next revision of", "id": "10317335" }, { "contents": "Kwik cricket\n\n\nKwik cricket (known as Milo Kanga cricket in Australia, and Milo Kiwi cricket in New Zealand) is a high-speed version of cricket aimed mainly at encouraging children to take part in the main sport, with an emphasis on participation and enjoyment. Many of the rules are adapted from cricket, but kwik cricket is played with a plastic bat and ball (for obvious safety and physical reasons), and plastic cones to mark the maximum width of a legally bowled ball. The rules can be altered so that virtually any", "id": "20851380" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\n) in length, including the handle, which measures 15 feet (4.57 m) in length. The width of the bat measures 6 feet (1.82 m). The wooden bat is solid, and looks exactly like a normal one. Pakistan's ace batting star Javed Miandad was the first person to put his signature on the bat, followed by then-Sindh Chief Minister Abdullah Shah and the president of Pasban-e-Pakistan, Altaf Shakoor. After the unveiling ceremony, the bat was placed at the National Stadium", "id": "17600764" }, { "contents": "John Small (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Bayton on the Hambledon side\". Small was involved in one of the most controversial incidents in early cricket history when Hambledon played Chertsey at Laleham Burway on 23 & 24 September 1771. Hambledon won the match by 1 wicket. It was in this game that Chertsey's Thomas White used a bat that was as wide as the wicket, possibly in an attempt to force an issue about the width of the new straight bats that had recently replaced the old curved sticks. Whether that was White's intention is unclear but his", "id": "12177263" }, { "contents": "Richard Nyren\n\n\nall questions of (cricket) law or precedent\" and his decision was always accepted. A significant example of this level of influence occurred in 1771, as described above, following the \"big bat\" controversy when Nyren, Brett and Small effectively changed the Laws of Cricket by setting the maximum bat width. Nyren was a successful coach who worked with the young David Harris on his line and length, helping to make Harris into the most successful bowler of the 1780s. Harris had begun as a \"raw countryman, deplorably", "id": "19012228" }, { "contents": "1774 English cricket season\n\n\nThe 1774 English cricket season was the third in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status. The scorecards of five first-class matches have survived. The Laws of Cricket were revised during the season, the first major revision since the 1744 season. The revision of the Laws introduced leg before wicket as a means of dismissal and formalised the standard width of a cricket bat. The Laws of Cricket were revised during a meeting held at the Star and Garter on Pall Mall, London during February. This was", "id": "14561180" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (cricketer, born c. 1740)\n\n\nthis was signed by himself, his captain Richard Nyren and master batsman John Small. The incident brought about a change in the 1774 version of the Laws of Cricket wherein the maximum width of the bat was set at four and one quarter inches. White may have done this with the intention of seeking an unfair advantage or merely as a prank, or possibly even to force the issue in order to get the Laws changed. Straight bats had replaced the old hockey stick shape a few years earlier (in response to bowlers pitching", "id": "3123398" }, { "contents": "The Cricketers of My Time\n\n\ningratiating remarks addressed to the great and powerful\". The \"Memoranda\" seems to have been added hastily and is not generally seen as providing much value, but it does include the following: Several years since (I do not recollect the precise date) a player, named White, of Ryegate \"(sic)\", brought a bat to a match, which being the width of the stumps, effectually defended his wicket from the bowler : and, in consequence, a law was passed limiting the future width of", "id": "498870" }, { "contents": "John Small (cricketer)\n\n\nhe established businesses. Small was a very influential player who was involved in the creation of two significant permanent additions to the \"Laws of Cricket\": the maximum width of the bat and the introduction of the middle stump in the wicket. Acclaimed as the greatest player associated with the famous Hambledon Club, Small is the first person known to have been described in literature in terms that attest him to have been a \"superstar\". In 1997, he was named by \"The Times\" as one of its \"100", "id": "12177259" }, { "contents": "Kwik cricket\n\n\nnumber of children can play in the time available, and the game can be made easier or more difficult by changing the physical dimensions of the pitch (changing the width of the wickets, increasing the distance between the wickets, widening or narrowing the crease, pulling in or pushing out the boundary, etc.). For example, continuous kwik cricket can be played by two groups of ten or 12, with each batting for a set period of time, the Lord's Game can be played by two groups of four", "id": "20851381" }, { "contents": "1771 English cricket season\n\n\nis usually identified as either Thomas White or Shock White, to block every ball from hitting the wicket, making it difficult for the opposition bowlers to get him out. At the time there was no limit on the width of a bat and the motivation for White's use of the bat is unknown - it may have been a deliberate attempt to gain an advantage, to challenge the Laws or as a joke. Hambledon's players, led by leading bowler Thomas Brett, protested and two days later a formal written protest was", "id": "12960938" }, { "contents": "History of cricket\n\n\n. have existed since time immemorial. In 1728, the Duke of Richmond and Alan Brodick drew up Articles of Agreement to determine the code of practice in a particular game and this became a common feature, especially around payment of stake money and distributing the winnings given the importance of gambling. In 1744, the \"Laws of Cricket\" were codified for the first time and then amended in 1774, when innovations such as lbw, middle stump and maximum bat width were added. These laws stated that \"the principals shall choose", "id": "6197689" }, { "contents": "Thomas Brett (cricketer)\n\n\n, was countersigned by his captain Richard Nyren and Hampshire's senior batsman John Small. The protest resulted in the maximum width of the bat being set at four and one quarter inches in the \"Laws of Cricket\". Brett is known to have made 38 appearances for Hampshire from 1769 to 1778. He is first recorded in the match against Caterham at Guildford Bason on Monday, 31 July 1769. His known career wicket tally was over 100, but the bowling details in every game are either unknown or incomplete. It is", "id": "19012195" }, { "contents": "Seymour Nurse\n\n\nSeymour MacDonald Nurse (10 November 1933 6 May 2019) was a Barbadian cricketer. Nurse played 29 Test matches for the West Indies between 1960 and 1969. A powerfully built right-hand batsman and an aggressive, if somewhat impetuous, shotmaker, Nurse preferred to bat in the middle order but was often asked to open the batting. A relative latecomer to high-level cricket, Nurse's Test cricket career came to what many consider a premature end in 1969. Nurse was a member of the famous Empire Cricket Club,", "id": "20844432" }, { "contents": "William Sykes (businessman)\n\n\n, 1939 and 1946. Sykes subsequently expanded his business by dealing in cricket bats, before moving into their manufacture. Donald Bradman, widely acknowledged as the greatest Test batsman of all time, used bats produced by Sykes throughout his career. in 1929, shortly after Bradman scored the then highest First-Class innings of 340 while playing for New South Wales at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Sykes signed him up to help promote what became known as the Don Bradman bat, or the Autograph bat. William Sykes was joined in the", "id": "13572417" }, { "contents": "Amateur status in first-class cricket\n\n\na point in order to force an issue because straight bats were still new, having been introduced in the 1760s, and it is believed that there was no standard. The Hambledon professionals objected and their senior bowler Thomas Brett wrote out a formal protest that was signed by himself, his captain Richard Nyren and senior batsman John Small, all three being professional players. Brett's action brought about a change in the Laws, as confirmed in 1774, whereby the maximum width of the bat was set at four and one quarter inches", "id": "17874060" }, { "contents": "History of cricket to 1725\n\n\nwith a ball on the ground. The modern straight bat evolved in the 1760s after bowlers began to \"give the ball air\" by pitching it. As a result, \"the game changed completely and evolved from its pioneering phase into what may be termed its pre-modern phase\". The record of the 1622 case at Boxgrove contains the earliest reference to the cricket bat. The term \"batt\" in cricket was peculiar to Kent and Sussex, where coastal smugglers were known as \"batmen\" because of the cudgels", "id": "13133275" }, { "contents": "Thomas Townley (cricketer)\n\n\ncricket match in the three seasons from 1841 to 1843. It is not known whether he batted right- or left-handed, nor what style of bowling he adopted. His cricket career at Cambridge was not impressive: he again batted mainly in the lower order, and though bowling figures for most matches of his era are incomplete, there is no record that he took any wickets in games that were later deemed to be first-class. Despite this lack of achievement, he won a Blue in both 1847 and 1848 by", "id": "12474289" }, { "contents": "Bat species identification\n\n\ncan be heard is a lot of background noise from crickets and a rather muddled pass by what is probably a pipistrelle. A spectrogram of the FD track reveals what happened: Another bat was completely missed by the heterodyne detector which was set to the wrong frequency for that bat. It was a Lesser Horseshoe emerging from its roost. The muddle following the LHS resolves into two Pipistrelles flying together with frequencies of 47.7 kHz and 54.5 kHz, in other words, a Common and a Soprano Pipistrelle. Three bats have thus been positively", "id": "6025669" }, { "contents": "Matthew Hayden\n\n\nhis intention to use the Mongoose Cricket Bat, a bat specially tailored to the needs of Twenty20 cricket, during the 2010 IPL. Reactions to the bat were mixed. Stuart Law said that he would think 'twice' before using the Mongoose, while MS Dhoni said in his column that he believed in Hayden's ability 'no matter what means he uses'. After a quiet start to the third edition of the IPL, Hayden made a blistering 93 off 43 deliveries to kickstart his campaign. Hayden and Michael Slater were", "id": "5524304" }, { "contents": "Richard Borgnis\n\n\nRichard Peter Borgnis (25 August 1910 – 28 May 2001) MBE was an English first-class cricketer and Royal Navy officer. Borgis played minor counties cricket for Berkshire in 1931, making five appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. Borgnis was selected to play a first-class cricket match for the Combined Services against the touring New Zealanders at Portsmouth in 1937. In what was to be his only appearance in first-class cricket, he had what \"Wisden\" described as a \"dreamlike\" match. Coming into bat", "id": "2029548" }, { "contents": "2007 Atlanta Braves season\n\n\n! style=\"width:13%;\"|TV ! style=\"width:13%;\"|Radio ! style=\"width:13%;\"|TV ! style=\"width:13%;\"|Radio ! style=\"width:13%;\"|TV ! style=\"width:13%;\"|Radio ! style=\"width:13%;\"|TV ! style=\"width:13%;\"|Radio ! style=\"width:13%;\"|TV ! style=\"width:13%;\"|Radio ! style=\"width:13%;\"|TV ! style=\"width:13%;\"|Radio \"Note: PA=Plate Appearances; HR=Home Runs; RBI=Runs Batted In; SB=Stolen Bases; AVG=Batting Average; OBP=On-Base Percentage; SLG=Slugging Percentage.\" * \"Note: G=Games; GS=Games Started; W=Wins; L=Losses; IP=Innings Pitched; H/9=Hits per 9 IP; BB/9", "id": "13992906" }, { "contents": "Indoor cricket court\n\n\n, but there the similarities end. The pitch is marked in line with the stumps at each end, and is 1.83 metres in width at the batting end and 2.47 metres at the bowling end, with the stumps in the centre, and the middle stumps are 20 metres apart. The popping crease is in front of, and parallel with, the wicket lines at both ends. At the bowler's end, the pitch is specified as the line extending between the return creases and will be called the bowler's crease or", "id": "13433030" }, { "contents": "Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat\n\n\nother sheathtails, this species does not have a wing pouch in either sex. Other distinguishing features of the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat are a flattened head and sharply pointed muzzle, a mean forearm length of 74–77 mm, and a mean outer canine width of 6.4 mm. The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat appears to be wide-ranging, occurring across most parts of eastern and northern Australia, though in what densities remains uncertain due to the difficulties associated with capture and detection of the species. Much of", "id": "207060" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\ntouch the people feeling. The largest cricket bat 111-feet was sponsored by Beximco in ICC world cup 2011, the cricket bat was made by Karikor. Beximco presented the 111-feet cricket bat to Bangladesh Cricket Team inscribed with messages from cricket lovers across the country. The Creative Agency created a 50-foot bat for LG Electronics association with the Cricket World Cup 1999. Made from composite materials, the bat toured Pune hand-lifted by a team 11. The 'All The Best' cavalcade was led by an elephant (considered pious and a", "id": "17600758" }, { "contents": "Laws of Cricket\n\n\n: The main innovation was the introduction of leg before wicket (lbw) as a means of dismissal. The practice of stopping the ball with the leg had arisen as a negative response to the pitched delivery. As in 1744, there is nothing about the bowler's delivery action. The maximum width of the bat was confirmed following the incident in 1771. As in 1744, the 1774 code asserted that \"the stumps must be twenty-two inches, the bail six inches long\". There were only two stumps then", "id": "10317337" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\nThe world's biggest cricket bat is a title that has been sought by the constructors of at least four bats. These bats were both built to commemorate the games of the Cricket World Cup for the year they were constructed. Bangladeshi people are crazy for cricket. Cricket is now hope for nation. Surprisingly Bangladesh cricket team ever cannot win any world championship in cricket but the popularity of cricket in this country is much more. Cricket is now Bangladeshi people’s song. Beximco, The title sponsor of Bangladesh Cricket team,", "id": "17600757" }, { "contents": "Peter Kelland\n\n\nhe took 26 wickets at an average of 35.46, with best figures of 3/24. With the bat, he scored 55 runs at a batting average of 9.16, with a high score of 25. In what was a strong Oxford University side of the time, no fewer than eight members of it would go on to represent England in Test cricket. He later briefly played first-class cricket for Sussex, making three appearances against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1951 and Worcestershire and Essex in the 1952 County Championship, with", "id": "13216143" }, { "contents": "The Real Thing (play)\n\n\nasks him to ghost-write a play by the prisoner Brodie, whom she continues to visit. Brodie's anarchist politics, anti-intellectualism, and lack of writing ability are the antithesis of everything Henry values. Annie discounts Henry's distaste and states that what matters is the passion behind the writing. Henry defends the importance of beauty in language and skill in writing using an analogy with a cricket bat: good writing is like hitting a ball with a cricket bat (i.e. something that has been carefully designed and crafted to", "id": "3382580" }, { "contents": "Frederic Jones (cricketer)\n\n\nFrederic John Jones (2 November 1850 – 9 June 1921) was an English cricketer who made one appearance in first-class cricket in 1889. Jones' batting style is not known, however it is known he was a right-arm fast bowler who played for several top cricket clubs in the Liverpool area in the 1870s and 1880s, including Sefton Park, Sefton, and Huyton. He was selected to play what would be his only first-class cricket match in 1889 when picked for the Liverpool and District cricket team", "id": "575487" }, { "contents": "Herbert Sutcliffe\n\n\nwas \"essentially a practical batsman with a superb judgment of length, pace and direction\". He stood with the face of the bat very open (i.e., to the bowler) so that he could present its full width to the ball every delivery. He was noted as a firm striker off the front foot who also had efficient use of the pull and hook shots. The 1933 edition of \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\" said of Sutcliffe, in respect of the record partnership with Percy Holmes in 1932, that \"", "id": "18571390" }, { "contents": "Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 2005\n\n\nDerrick, Glamorgan's coach, said, \"Although we batted much better second time around, we made it difficult for ourselves by not scoring enough first innings runs. Warwickshire showed what playing pressure cricket is all about. They bowled with a lot of discipline. They piled up a big score to make sure that we did not get back into the game.\" (Cricinfo scorecard) Match abandoned – Warwickshire (2pts), Somerset (2pts) Warwickshire won the toss at Edgbaston and put Somerset in to bat. Mike", "id": "13982588" }, { "contents": "John White (cricketer, born 1855)\n\n\nJohn White (2 March 1855 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. White's batting style is unknown, though it is known he played as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Bulwell, Nottinghamshire. White made his debut in first-class for the North of England in the North v South fixture of 1886 at Lords', during which White scored 62 runs batting at number ten in a tenth record stand of 157 runs with John Parnham (who made 90 not out), in what", "id": "16739075" }, { "contents": "Shirlon Williams\n\n\nShirlon Ian Williams (born 7 November 1959) is a former Kittitian cricketer who played for the Leeward Islands and Combined Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He was a wicket-keeper who batted right-handed. Williams made his first-class debut for the Leewards in March 1980, playing in a friendly fixture against the Windward Islands. In the second innings of the match, he scored 127 runs from seventh in the batting order, what was to be his highest first-class score. Williams made his Shell Shield", "id": "17871894" }, { "contents": "Colin Brown (cricketer)\n\n\nColin Edwin Brown (12 October 1878 – 25 June 1936) played first-class cricket for Somerset in 1902 and 1905. He was born at North Curry, Taunton, Somerset and died at Whitby, North Yorkshire. Brown was a lower-order batsman and an occasional bowler. It is not known whether he batted left- or right-handed or what his bowling style was. He appeared in one match for Somerset in 1902 with little success, and returned for seven further games in 1905. His only batting success came", "id": "3587818" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\nThis bat collected about two million wishes and signature of cricket fans from different places of Bangladesh. LG Electronics presented a 16 m long, 2 m wide, 1 m deep bat to the South African national cricket team at their final warmup game prior to the 2003 Cricket World Cup, on February 10, 2003. According to LG's press release, this bat is the largest ever constructed. The bat toured around South Africa during the games to be signed by fans. The Pasban Giant Cricket Bat was unveiled at a ceremony", "id": "17600762" }, { "contents": "New Zealand cricket team in England in 1965\n\n\nof the 1949 New Zealand team in England. Played in cold weather, the match was essentially decided on the first innings. England batted solidly, with Ted Dexter making 57 and Colin Cowdrey 85, but the largest innings was by Ken Barrington who took 435 minutes to make 137 in what Wisden Cricketers' Almanack termed a \"tedious exhibition\". Motz took five wickets for 108 runs. New Zealand batted badly against the spin of Fred Titmus, and Sutcliffe had to retire hurt after ducking into a bouncer from Fred Trueman.", "id": "12886709" }, { "contents": "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04\n\n\n193 runs still left to get after what seemed like an enthralling day of play Later, John Buchanan, then the coach of Australia, admitted that Australia's batting did not show any application. He stated that \"There are days when teams will get bowled out for 196 if the conditions favour bowlers and the bowling is exceptional. Sadly, we can't offer those excuses today. \"We always look to play aggressive cricket. It's part of our batting philosophy, we try to score off as many balls as possible", "id": "13729068" }, { "contents": "South African cricket team in England in 1994\n\n\nand Gough both recovered from knocks on the hand suffered while batting in the First Test and retained their places. England won the toss and batted first on what turned out to be a slowish pitch. Gooch returned to the top of the order for this Test, but made only 23 before becoming the first of De Villiers' three victims, caught at slip by McMillan. Hick batted with confidence, but fell to the same combination for 25. Meanwhile, Atherton batted serenely, and was joined by Thorpe. These two added", "id": "12941230" }, { "contents": "Laws of Cricket\n\n\nand wide. The Ground Authority selects and prepares the pitch, but once the game has started, the umpires control what happens to the pitch. The umpires are also the arbiters of whether the pitch is fit for play, and if they deem it unfit, with the consent of both captains can change the pitch. Professional cricket is almost always played on a grass surface. However, in the event a non-turf pitch is used, the artificial surface must have a minimum length of and a minimum width of .", "id": "10317349" }, { "contents": "History of cricket\n\n\nincrease cricket's popularity. He introduced technical innovations which revolutionised the game, particularly in batting. The first ever international cricket game was between the US and Canada in 1844. The match was played at the grounds of the St George's Cricket Club in New York. In 1859, a team of leading English professionals set off to North America on the first-ever overseas tour and, in 1862, the first English team toured Australia. Between May and October 1868, a team of Australian Aborigines toured England in what was", "id": "6197699" }, { "contents": "Percy Redfern Creed\n\n\ncricketing ability. At the end of his final term here (27 July 1892) he played cricket for Marlborough College in the annual two-day match at Lords Cricket Ground in London against Rugby School. Batting at Number 3, he scored 211 runs (out of a team total of 432 runs) and more or less guaranteed that Marlborough would win the match. In the College magazine (\"The Marlburian\") it described his cricketing abilities as follows: Have been unable to establish at what time Capt Creed left 7RB", "id": "9653400" }, { "contents": "W. G. Grace in the 1878 English cricket season\n\n\nwith the ball and took a total of 26 wickets. But his indifferent form with the bat haunted him right to the end of the season and he could only score 10 and 4. It was in November 1878 that MCC defined amateur status. Their dictum was that \"a gentleman ought not to make any profit from playing cricket\". This was carefully worded so that an amateur was allowed to claim reasonable expenses, but controversy persisted about what were \"reasonable expenses\" and what were actually \"fees\". Fred Grace", "id": "15478232" }, { "contents": "Batting (cricket)\n\n\nout). Research has shown that teams broadly follow these principles. A noticeable exception is when batsmen face the possibility to score a personal milestone (e.g. century), in that case, they tend to decrease their risk-taking below what is optimal for the team in order to increase their chance of reaching the milestone. When a team goes out to bat, the best players bat first. The first three batsmen (number 1, 2, 3) are known as the \"top order\"; the next four", "id": "10024454" }, { "contents": "Batting average (baseball)\n\n\nraised on cricket, was an influential figure in the early history of baseball. In the late 19th century he adapted the concept behind the cricket batting average to devise a similar statistic for baseball. Rather than simply copy cricket's formulation of runs scored divided by outs, he realized that hits divided by at bats would provide a better measure of individual batting ability. This is because while in cricket, scoring runs is almost entirely dependent on one's own batting skill, in baseball it is largely dependent on having other good hitters", "id": "17879403" }, { "contents": "2001 & A Bit\n\n\nstumps and cricket bat to a new and novel use. With help from the former members of the MCC, cricket is revived, and the commentators for the match are Bill Brooke-Taylor, Tim Garden, and a robot. However, people who go to a cricket match to find out what it is like, become quickly bored — they have been reared on far more violent games. So a compromise is reached — the \"rolleregg\" side, led by Graeme Oddie, is pitted against the aging MCC members.", "id": "22183145" }, { "contents": "Henry Holden (cricketer)\n\n\njust 69 in their second-innings to set Sussex 72 for victory. Sussex succeeded in their chase to win by three wickets, with Holden not required to bat. He became the secretary of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club in 1874, in what was to be a somewhat controversial tenure in that role. In 1880, the Australians toured England, making considerable money from gate receipts, something English cricketers, regarded as \"gentlemen\" did not do. Nottinghamshire's Alfred Shaw, however, saw this as an opportunity. He arranged", "id": "6334026" }, { "contents": "Batting (cricket)\n\n\nIn cricket, batting is the act or skill of hitting the ball with a bat to score runs or prevent the loss of one's wicket. Any player who is currently batting is denoted as a batsman, batswoman, or batter, regardless of whether batting is their particular area of expertise. Batsmen have to adapt to various conditions when playing on different cricket pitches, especially in different countries - therefore, as well as having outstanding physical batting skills, top-level batsmen will have lightning reflexes, excellent decision-making and", "id": "10024403" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\n. When first purchased, most bats are not ready for immediate use and require knocking-in to allow the soft fibres to strike a hard new cricket ball without causing damage to the bat, and allowing full power to be transferred to the shot. Knocking-in involves striking the surface with an old cricket ball or a special mallet. This compacts the soft fibres within the bat and reduces the risk of the bat snapping. The bat may also need raw linseed oil, which fills in the gaps between the fibres.", "id": "10951743" }, { "contents": "Little big-eared bat\n\n\nif this species eats a large amount of fruit or to pinpoint what kind of fruit it eats. Small beetles make up the majority of this bat’s diet, with grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches, and katydids coming in second. Diet of these bats may depend on the season. Diet may also depend on the foraging habitat, but \"M. megalotis\" usually sticks to eating noisy insects. \"M. megalotis\" is an opportunistic feeder. Its stomach is relatively simple. \"M. megalotis\" may alternate its diet between insects", "id": "4707130" }, { "contents": "Batting average\n\n\nBatting average is a statistic in cricket, baseball, and softball that measures the performance of batsmen in cricket and batters in baseball and softball. The development of the baseball statistic was influenced by the cricket statistic. In cricket, a player's batting average is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been out. Since the number of runs a player scores and how often they get out are primarily measures of their own playing ability, and largely independent of their teammates, batting average", "id": "21177383" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\nheld at Defense Stadium, Karachi on February 28, 1996. The bat was prepared in a frenzied environment leading up to the 1996 Cricket World Cup. The unveiling ceremony of the bat, which is the biggest solid wooden cricket bat in the world, was well attended by large number of citizens of Karachi. Pasban workers took the bat to the Defense Stadium from near the Gilani Railway station in a trawler rally and it has been titled as \"Ambassadors of peace and love.\" The bat is 50 feet (15.2 m", "id": "17600763" }, { "contents": "Batting (cricket)\n\n\nbatting. (A specialist bowler, on the other hand, would be referred to as a \"batsman\" only while actually engaged in batting.) In women's cricket, the term \"bats woman\" is sometimes encountered, as is \"batter\", but 'batsman' is widely used in both men's and women's cricket. The batsman's act of hitting the ball is called a shot or stroke. Over time a standard batting technique has been developed which is used by most batsmen. Technique refers to", "id": "10024408" }, { "contents": "Patrick Evans (cricketer)\n\n\nPatrick Evans (born 16 July 1960) is a former Guyanese cricketer who played a single first-class match for Essequibo in the final of the 1980–81 inter-county Jones Cup. Aged 20, he was the youngest player on the side, a year younger than Birchmore Reid. Born in Bartica in what was then British Guiana (now part of Guyana's Cuyuni-Mazaruni region), Evans batted fifth in both innings of the match, played against Berbice at the Kayman Sankar Cricket Ground in Hampton Court (on the", "id": "11399217" }, { "contents": "Alfred du Cane\n\n\nclass cricket. Du Cane was educated at Harrow School and at Trinity College, Cambridge. There are no records that show that he played cricket at Harrow, but at Cambridge University he appeared in several matches in both the 1854 and 1855 seasons, played principally on account of his bowling; it is not known whether he was right- or left-handed at either batting or bowling, nor what style of bowling he practised. After a single first-class match for Cambridge against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), he", "id": "12219810" }, { "contents": "Charles Williams, Baron Williams of Elvel\n\n\nmatches for Essex and adding what Wisden called \"extra stability\" to the county's batting. In 1959, he reappeared for four matches, but with no success, and these were his final first-class matches. Although Williams belonged politically to the Labour movement, he had been an amateur cricketer and played for the Gentlemen against the Players. Social change after the Second World War led to a reaction against the cricketing concept of amateurism, often disparaged as \"shamateurism\", and in 1963 all first-class cricketers became", "id": "14954567" }, { "contents": "Ian Callen\n\n\nmaking a range of three bats, the MX, the K-IX and the Aussie Boomah. His company in the Yarra Valley, Callen Cricket, has re-established the growing of cricket-bat willow from stock sent to Australia by English Test captain A. C. MacLaren in 1902. He harvests and processes the timber from his plantations at Healesville and Sale. The timber is used for the manufacture of cricket bats and picture frame mouldings. He conducts courses teaching the craft of making cricket bats by hand. At first he", "id": "5716000" }, { "contents": "Chain Kulii Ki Main Kulii\n\n\n, the bat becomes a magic bat. One day by a stroke of luck, the coach of the Indian cricket team spots Karan playing cricket and is highly impressed by his batting skill. At that point in town, the Indian cricket team has been going through a \"rough patch\". Karan and his magical bat are inducted into the Indian cricket team as the opening batsman along with the captain, Varun (Rahul Bose). When Karan marches onto the pitch and wins the match for India, he soon becomes the", "id": "7126729" }, { "contents": "Cricket clothing and equipment\n\n\nCricket clothing and equipment is regulated by the laws of cricket. Cricket clothing, known as cricket whites, or flannels, is slightly loose fitting so as not to restrict players' movements. Use of protective equipment, such as helmets, gloves and pads, is also regulated. Batsmen are allowed to wear gloves while batting. The batsman can be also caught out if the ball touches the glove instead of the bat, provided the hand is in contact with the bat. This is because the glove is considered to be the", "id": "19815199" }, { "contents": "Desmond Haynes\n\n\nDesmond Leo Haynes (born 15 February 1956) is a West Indian cricketer and cricket coach. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1991. Haynes formed a formidable partnership with Gordon Greenidge for the West Indies cricket team in Test cricket during the 1980s. Between them they managed 16 century stands, four in excess of 200. The pair made 6482 runs while batting together in partnerships, the third highest total for a batting partnership in Test cricket history. Haynes favoured a more measured approach to batting. He compiled 7487", "id": "20111566" }, { "contents": "Batting order (cricket)\n\n\nIn cricket, the batting order is the sequence in which batters play through their team's innings, there always being two batters taking part at any one time. All eleven players in a team are required to bat if the innings is completed (i.e., if the innings does not close early due to a declaration or other factor). The batting order is colloquially subdivided into: The order in which the eleven players will bat is usually established before the start of a cricket match, but may be altered during play.", "id": "3788881" }, { "contents": "T. Needham\n\n\nT. Needham (full name and dates of birth and death unknown) was an English cricketer. Needham's batting style is unknown. Needham made a single first-class appearance for the Midland Counties cricket team against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1843 at Barker's Ground, Leicester. In a match which the Marylebone Cricket Club won by 10 wickets, Needham batted twice. Opening the batting in Midlands Counties first-innings, he scored 2 runs before he was run out, while in their second-innings he batted at number", "id": "17446093" }, { "contents": "Ronald Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nArtillery from 1914 to 1919. He was awarded the Military Cross and was mentioned in despatches. In 1927, when the New Zealand cricket team were touring England for the first time, they invited him to play in one of their first-class matches. Aged 47, and 17 years after his previous first-class match, he opened the batting and made 4. The New Zealanders nevertheless beat the Civil Service cricket team, who were playing what turned out to be their only first-class match, by an innings", "id": "11521149" }, { "contents": "Harold Prest\n\n\nHarold Edward Westray Prest (9 January 1890 – 5 January 1955) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club either side of the First World War. Prest was both in Beckenham in what was then part of Kent. He attended Malvern College where he played in the school First XI for three years, making a high score of 174 not out in 1908 as he headed the Malvern batting averages. He was considered by Wisden as a fine, aggressive schoolboy batsman with \"excellent style", "id": "13022274" }, { "contents": "Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 2005\n\n\nWarwickshire County Cricket Club start 2005 as defending county champions and 11–4 favourites to retain their title. They play their totesport League cricket in Division Two. Warwickshire won the title in 2004 through their batting, and they have further enhanced it with the addition of Alex Loudon. In the traditional Champion County v MCC match that kicks off the season, Warwickshire fared well, but ultimately lost to what essentially was an England A squad. However, when the Championship started, they immediately imposed their authority by thrashing Division One newcomers Glamorgan by", "id": "13982570" }, { "contents": "Australian Services cricket team\n\n\ntheir debut during the Australian Services campaign and never played first-class cricket afterwards. Keith Miller, one of the ten inaugural inductees of the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame at the time only a batsman with Victoria, played what many consider to be his breakout series in the Victory Tests, ensuring that when he returned to Australia he would have a place in the Australian national team now referred to as \"The Invincibles\". In the batting department, Miller was the top-scorer; he scored 1,447 runs in 20 matches", "id": "15084722" }, { "contents": "George Milne (cricketer)\n\n\ncricket team for its inaugural appearance in first-class cricket against the touring South Africans at the County Ground, Stoke-on-Trent, in 1912. In what was Milne's only first-class appearance, he batted once in the match, scoring an unbeaten 9 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings as a lower-order batsman. Following World War I, he made 65 further appearances in the Minor Counties Championship for Northumberland, with his final appearance coming against Durham in 1928. He died at the city", "id": "18479879" }, { "contents": "Morten Hedegaard\n\n\nmaking appearances against provincial teams such as Mashonaland, Mashonaland Country Districts and Manicaland. Hedegaard made his List A debut for Denmark later in 1999 against the Kent Cricket Board in English domestic crickets NatWest Trophy, with him captaining Denmark in what was their first appearance in List A cricket. In 2000, he appeared in the ICC Emerging Nations Tournament in Zimbabwe, where he made a further five List A appearances against Zimbabwe A, the Netherlands, Scotland, Ireland and Kenya. Hedegaard struggled with the bat in the tournament, scoring just", "id": "4527287" }, { "contents": "Bat species identification\n\n\nmust be used to be certain, such as a sound coming and going as a bat flies past. Crickets make a distinctive sound both audibly and in ultrasound. Some species cannot be heard by the human ear. In the height of summer, they can mask out bat calls and interfere with spectrogram analysis. They can trigger \"voice activated\" recorders which can be very annoying when listening back later. This is the other relationship between cricket and bat. Note the reaction of one cricket when approached by a bat detector", "id": "6025672" }, { "contents": "List of international cricket centuries by Sanath Jayasuriya\n\n\nSanath Jayasuriya is a Sri Lankan cricketer and former captain of the Sri Lanka national cricket team. He is an all-rounder and opening batsman, and is known for his aggressive batting style that has earned him the name \"Master Blaster\". His batting style introduced a new strategy to the game during the 1996 World Cup, where he and fellow opener Romesh Kaluwitharana batted highly aggressively in the early overs using fielding restrictions to their advantage. This later became a standard opening batting strategy and, according to Australian cricketer Glenn McGrath", "id": "7227981" }, { "contents": "World's biggest cricket bat\n\n\nplayed an ODI here on November 24, 2002. This bat holds the current world record in Guinness Book of World Records. The bat is installed here on permanent basis. This record has recently been broken by LEMU Soft drinks from AFBL (Akij Food & Beverage Ltd) in Bangladesh. They created \"LEMU WORLD's BIGGEST BAT\", a 70 feet (21.336 m) long and 8 feet (2.438 m) wide and 9300(9.3 K.G) bat, to wish the Bangladesh cricket team good luck in World Cup cricket.", "id": "17600761" }, { "contents": "French cricket\n\n\nor the longest time is considered the winner. The type of equipment is not restricted to cricket equipment, but there are only two items used. The ball is typically a tennis ball, bowled underarm at the legs of another player holding a cricket bat, a tennis racquet, or some other object that can be used as like a cricket bat. The player holding the bat, the batsman, is required to block and defend his \"wicket\", with the batsman's legs taking the place of the stumps. The", "id": "5229521" }, { "contents": "Comparison of baseball and cricket\n\n\nof and length , giving a minimum area of , assuming an elliptical shape. However the shape of a cricket ground is not fixed. Test grounds around the world are typically , an area of about , ranging up to or at a venue such as the MCG. In cricket, the \"pitch\" is a prepared rectangular area between two wickets. Its length is the distance between the wickets, . While its width is 12 feet or 3.66 metres in length, the width of the playing area on that pitch is distance", "id": "9610585" }, { "contents": "David Mills (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Cecil Mills (23 April 1937 – 16 March 2013) was an English cricketer. Mills was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Camborne, Cornwall and educated at Clifton College, where he represented the college cricket team. Mills made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against Cambridge University in 1958. In his match, he scored 17 runs, before being dismissed by Michael James, in what was his only batting innings for the county. He later made a", "id": "4488059" }, { "contents": "Cyril Poole\n\n\nruns in first-class cricket. His one taste of Test cricket came on the 1951/52 tour to India. Poole, who had replaced Jack Ikin because of injury, played three times for what was, in effect, an England second eleven, scoring two fifties. He was never picked for England again, his batting defensive frailties counting against him, though he continued in county cricket until 1962, and had his best season at the age of 40. He was an outstanding fielder in almost any position. His healthy Test", "id": "4882713" }, { "contents": "Peter Johnson (cricketer, born 1926)\n\n\nPeter Lovell Johnson (22 August 1926 – 11 July 2017) was an English first-class cricketer, Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator in Kenya Colony. Johnson was born in the Liverpool suburb of Huyton, where he was educated in the city at Liverpool College. From Liverpool College he went up to Clare College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Cambridge University against Middlesex at Fenner's in 1947. In what was his only appearance for Cambridge University, Johnson batted twice", "id": "6940864" }, { "contents": "William Jeffrey (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam Michael Jeffrey (21 June 1950 – 2 September 1993) was a Guyanese cricketer who represented the Guyanese national team in West Indian domestic cricket. He was an all-rounder who bowled right-arm off-spin and batted right-handed. Jeffrey was born in the town of Rose Hall, in what is now Guyana's East Berbice-Corentyne region. He made his first-class debut for Guyana in a match against Jamaica during the 1969–70 Shell Shield season. Jeffrey took figures of 3/64 and 1/46 on debut", "id": "9064572" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\nthe ball, which was later proved untrue, he was urged by the Australian captain Greg Chappell to revert to a wooden bat. The rules of cricket were shortly thereafter amended, stating that the blade of a bat must be made entirely of wood. In 2005 Kookaburra released a new type of bat that had a Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer support down the spine of the bat. It was put on the bat to provide more support to the spine and blade of the bat, thus prolonging the life of the bat.", "id": "10951750" }, { "contents": "ComBat\n\n\nThe ComBat was an aluminium cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. Australia were playing England in the first Test, and were in trouble at the end of the first day, at a score of 232/8, with Dennis Lillee not out. When the second day of play began, Lillee emerged onto the field carrying not the traditional willow bat, but a cricket bat made from aluminium. The bat, manufactured by the company of Lillee's good friend Graeme", "id": "21826490" }, { "contents": "William Smith (cricketer, born 1875)\n\n\n64, including making what would be his highest first-class score when he made 143 against Cambridge University at Crystal Palace. He played first-class cricket for London County until 1904, making thirty appearances. He scored 1,191 runs in these matches, at an average of 30.53. He made three centuries and seven half centuries. Smith played minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire until 1905, making a total of 45 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He topped the Oxfordshire batting averages in 1901 and 1904. He died in March", "id": "18245730" }, { "contents": "Mark Stoneman\n\n\nMark Daniel Stoneman (born 26 June 1987) is an English cricketer who plays for Surrey and England. He made his Test cricket debut for the England cricket team in August 2017. He bats left handed and normally plays as an opening batsman. He attended Marley Hill County Primary School, followed by Whickham School. He joined Durham in 2005 and played two seasons in the second eleven, before making his first team debut in 2007. He scored fifty in his second match, against Hampshire and what was then his highest score", "id": "8910879" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\non materials in handles amid fears that the new technology would lead to an increase in the distance the ball was hit. Now only 10% of the volume of the handle can be other than cane. Also in late 2008, SAFBats created a cricket bat with an offset edge, the edge offsetting allowed for an extended middle, better swing weight and increased performance without compromising the cricket bat's balance. The production models were available in 2009, and the bat won awards in 2010 and 2012. In 2004 Newbery created the", "id": "10951752" }, { "contents": "Gravesend Cricket Club\n\n\nGravesend Cricket Club is a cricket club which currently plays in Division 2 of the Kent Cricket League. The club was formed in 1881 when the Harkaway and Clarence Cricket Clubs were amalgamated to form the Gravesend Cricket Club. The Gravesend Cricket Club continues to play at the Bat and Ball Ground which has itself been around for over 150 years (since 1848). First Class Cricket was played at \"The Bat\" (as it is affectionately known) by Kent County Cricket Club and its Second XI. The highest ever score on", "id": "18986535" }, { "contents": "Bat and Ball Ground\n\n\nThe Bat and Ball Ground is a cricket and sports ground in Gravesend in Kent. The ground was used as a first-class cricket venue by Kent County Cricket Club between 1849 and 1971. It remains in use by Gravesend Cricket Club who have used the ground as their home since their formation in 1881. The site also has lawn bowls and tennis facilities and is the home of Gravesend Bowls Club. The ground is situated south of Gravesend town centre on the western side of the A227 Wrotham Road. The Bat and Ball", "id": "17126765" }, { "contents": "Dean Jones (cricketer)\n\n\nQueenslander like Border, was the next man in to bat). This comment spurred Jones to score 210, an innings he considered a defining moment in his career and one of the epic Test innings in Australian cricket folklore. This innings of 210 remains the highest score by an Australian cricketer in India. One of the keys to Australia's unexpected victory in the 1987 Cricket World Cup was the batting foundation laid by the top three batsmen - Jones batting at number three behind the openers David Boon and Geoff Marsh. Jones would", "id": "20111639" }, { "contents": "Nightwatchman (cricket)\n\n\nIn the sports of cricket, a nightwatchman is a lower-order batsman who comes in to bat higher up the order than usual near the end of the day's play. The nightwatchman's job is to maintain most of the strike until the close of play (remaining in overnight after the end of the day's play, hence the name) and so protect other, more capable batsmen from being out cheaply in what may be a period of tiredness or in poor light at the end of the day, and then", "id": "19393335" }, { "contents": "Cricket bat\n\n\nof the bat, after which a worn-down 'soft' leather cricket ball or a specialised mallet may be used to repeatedly hit the face of the bat. After three to four hours of knocking in, another layer of linseed oil may be applied. At this stage, the bat may be used in light practice but should not be used in competition without another few hours of knocking-in. The splice of the bat should not be knocked as this will cause the bat to \"jar\". After being", "id": "10951757" }, { "contents": "John Dicker\n\n\nJohn Dicker (30 March 1815 – 30 March 1895) was an English cricketer who played for Kent. He was born in Cudham and died in Westerham. Dicker made two first-class appearances for Kent in 1840, scoring one run in the first match, batting first as a tailender, and in the middle order, while in his second match for the team, he was promoted to second in the batting order, where he scored two runs in what is, to this day, one of the lowest totals in", "id": "18236133" }, { "contents": "John Snow (cricketer)\n\n\nsent his last ball flying over the head of Doug Walters, turned to Rowan and said \"Now that's a bouncer for you\". \"You may be too young to remember, but in 1971, during a Test match, I collided with England fast bowler John Snow and lost my bat. Snow picked it up and handed it to me. But at the time, many papers wrote that Snow had flung the bat at me. It all depends on your point of view, or what you are trying to", "id": "5521154" } ]

[ { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\nnovels. The series has led to three films, \"Kiss the Girls\" (1997), \"Along Came a Spider\" (2001), and \"Alex Cross\" (2012). Alex Cross is a widower-detective-father who often fights against threatening villains—and criminals—who wish to kill Cross and others. It mainly focuses on Cross trying to solve very difficult cases while attempting to maintain a relationship with his family. For example, in \"Merry Christmas, Alex Cross\", Cross misses", "id": "6415942" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nAlong Came a Spider is the first novel in James Patterson's series about forensic psychologist Alex Cross. First published in 1993, its success has led to eighteen sequels as of 2012. It was adapted into a film of the same name in 2001, starring Morgan Freeman as Cross. Washington, D.C. homicide investigator and forensic psychologist Alex Cross investigates the brutal murders of two black prostitutes and an infant. Then, at an exclusive private school, math teacher Gary Soneji kidnaps Maggie Rose Dunne and Michael Goldberg. Cross is pulled off", "id": "10246668" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\nout on Christmas Eve and Christmas itself to focus on finding and defeating a terrorist group. One of his regular foes in the earlier books is Gary Soneji, the \"Mastermind\" who wants to kill Cross, out of revenge for Alex putting him in prison. In some books, Cross sometimes works with—or against—the President/Secret Service in a few books such as \"Along Came a Spider\", \"Jack & Jill, I, Alex Cross\", and \"Kill Alex Cross\". An ongoing", "id": "6415943" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nAlong Came a Spider is a 2001 American neo noir psychological thriller film directed by Lee Tamahori. It is the second installment of the \"Alex Cross\" film series and a sequel to the 1997 film \"Kiss the Girls\", with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as detective Alex Cross. The screenplay by Marc Moss was adapted from the 1993 novel of the same title by James Patterson, but many of the key plot elements of the book were controversially eliminated. The movie received negative to mixed critical reviews, although it became", "id": "13256810" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nCaine. He enjoyed killing Rashawn because he felt that Rashawn had humiliated him because of the colour of Rashawn's skin. Cross is portrayed by Morgan Freeman in the 1997 film \"Kiss the Girls\" and the 2001 film \"Along Came a Spider\". He is portrayed by Tyler Perry in the 2012 film \"Alex Cross\". In \"Kiss the Girls\", Alex is portrayed as a detective and a psychologist, who specializes in cases with the most frightening killers and situations. After handling a case where he convinces", "id": "8541735" }, { "contents": "I, Alex Cross\n\n\ncan be read at the official James Patterson website. Critical reception has been mixed to positive, and has been cited as \"the best [and scariest] book since \"Along Came a Spider\"\". Due to the novel's positive success, it was reported to have been given 5 sequels, \"Cross Fire\", \"Kill Alex Cross\", \"Merry Christmas, Alex Cross\", \"Alex Cross, Run\", and \"Save Alex Cross\". It was reported that there would be a new", "id": "2151894" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\n's rhymes but from 2006 the lead character's name started appearing in the titles. Bookshots Overall there have been three theatrical films of the Alex Cross series, all met with negative reviews, and poor box-office success, especially the recent film, \"Alex Cross\". So far there have been two films (\"Kiss the Girls\" and\" Along Came a Spider\") both met to poor box-office. In 2012, a reboot titled \"Alex Cross\" based on the novel \"Cross\" with", "id": "6415958" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\nTyler Perry was cast, his first role in a film that he doesn't direct, produce, write for his career. Two films, based on the first Cross novels, have been made starring Morgan Freeman (\"Kiss the Girls\" and \"Along Came a Spider\"), both released to negative reaction. Both of them are very loose adaptations of the books, with \"Along Came a Spider\" changing many of the plot's elements, while \"Kiss the Girls\" changes nearly the entire story's plot", "id": "6415959" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\nthe 1990s and is ongoing. Nearly all have made bestsellers lists and garnered favorable reviews, especially \"Double Cross;\" \"Cross Fire;\" \"I, Alex Cross;\" and \"Alex Cross, Run\". The series is published worldwide, with Little, Brown currently holding publication rights in the United States, in paperback, hardcover, and audiobook editions. The first book in the series, \"Along Came a Spider\", was released in 1993 to positive reviews, spawning a series of over twenty subsequent", "id": "6415941" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nabout holding Naomi hostage. Nick taunts Alex, claiming they are the same, Alex shoots through a milk carton (to extinguish any spark) and kills Nick. In \"Along Came a Spider\", Alex is struggling to forgive himself for a sting operation that goes wrong and ends with the death of a partner. He plans to retire, but receives a phone call from Gary Soneji, who has kidnapped a young girl, Megan Rose, forcing him to take up the case. He ends up teaming up with Secret", "id": "8541738" }, { "contents": "Kyle Craig\n\n\nBridges\", \"Mary Mary\", \"Cross\", \"Alex Cross's Trial\", and all of the other novels after his death in \"Cross Fire\". Throughout the series, Kyle Craig had a seemingly strong friendship with Alex Cross. Kyle would help Alex out on several of his cases, giving him the resources and clearance to take care of the job. He also helped give him clearance to see Gary Soneji in \"Along Came A Spider\". In the novel \"Kiss the Girls\",", "id": "12630073" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (film)\n\n\nAlex Cross is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Rob Cohen and starring Tyler Perry as the title character and Matthew Fox as the villain Picasso. The adapted screenplay was written by Marc Moss and Kerry Williamson. It is based on the novel \"Cross\" by James Patterson and the third installment of the \"Alex Cross\" film series, which was considered as a reboot of the series. The title character was previously portrayed by Morgan Freeman in \"Kiss the Girls\" (1997) and \"Along Came a Spider", "id": "21892600" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\n, except for the fact that Alex's niece is kidnapped and its primary antagonist is Casanova. A significant, and well-noted, change upon the books in the movies is that John Sampson is not white but African-American, like Alex himself. Kyle Craig is briefly seen in \"Kiss the Girls\". \"Along Came a Spider\"'s adaptation was also changed with the film taking out major plot elements or changing them. For instance, Jezzie Flannagan and Alex Cross are dating in the book, but are", "id": "6415960" }, { "contents": "John Sampson (character)\n\n\nCross, who became a Washington police officer. When returning to D.C., he also works for the Metropolitan Police Department with Cross, until Alex joins the FBI. Eventually, he and Cross join the police force, work for/with the FBI, and Metropolitan Police Department in the newest books. He is the partner of Cross as well; they are cops and detectives. Sampson first appears in the book \"Along Came a Spider\" in which he and Cross go on the case to solve a kidnapping of famous actress", "id": "17744982" }, { "contents": "Cross My Heart (novel)\n\n\nnovel, \"Along Came a Spider\" was released. The novel's events, having ended on a cliffhanger, were continued in the next novel, Hope to Die. Alex Cross has been a family man at heart — he loves his children, his grandmother, and his beautiful wife Brianna. Alex Cross has managed to stop serial killers and survive. But all of that is about to change. When a new enemy targets Cross and his family, Cross finds himself in a whole new game. If he tries to", "id": "10117745" }, { "contents": "Cross Fire (novel)\n\n\n, he must make a difficult decision that goes against everything he's ever stood up for. The book's purpose for its naming is because \"the only way to kill Alex Cross is to kill Alex Cross\". The book earned mixed to negative reviews and reception. Many of the fans disliked its overarching storyline, as well as \"someone from the Government's children being kidnapped\" been done before, referring to \"Along Came a Spider\", the very first Cross book. 45% of the millions of Cross", "id": "2532494" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nbeings.\" Compuserve’s Harvey Karten argued, \"Some critics will tell you that despite Lee Tamahori's overplotting of Marc Moss's adaptation of James Patterson's novel, \"Along Came a Spider\" is one of those thrillers that allow you to check your brains at the door. Not true. Did the journalists all go for popcorn when Detective Alex Cross and Special Agent Jezzie Flannigan (nice spelling) engaged first in a discussion of psychology and then of philosophy? This may have been Phil 101, but imagine the interest", "id": "13256823" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\ndescribed as only friends in the film. Also, the most important changed elements is Gary Soneji dies, which would therefore erase him from any future adaptation of \"Cat and Mouse\", nor does Soneji escape from prison, nor is the trial in court seen or mentioned in the film. A proposed third film based on \"Pop Goes the Weasel!\", but after \"Along Came a Spider\" was panned at the box office, the plans were canceled. Many years after \"Along Came a Spider\"'s", "id": "6415961" }, { "contents": "Cat and Mouse (novel)\n\n\nCat and Mouse is the fourth novel in the Alex Cross series by James Patterson. It revolves around Cross dealing with Gary Soneji, the villain of \"Along Came a Spider\", and a serial killer known only as Mr. Smith. The book begins with Gary Soneji breaking into Alex Cross' home in Washington DC and contemplating the murders of Cross and his family. In London the killer dubbed Mr. Smith by the press is conducting a live autopsy. Mr. Smith explains to his victim what he will be feeling and that he", "id": "750572" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\nat numerous times been on the \"New York Times Bestseller\" list for several weeks. Good reads.com said \"\"I, Alex Cross\" is without a doubt the best, revealing new surprises and scares at every turn. It is even scarier than \"Along Came a Spider\" — and by far, better! This is Patterson at his best.\" Double Cross was on the \"New York Times Bestseller\" list (at number 1) for numerous weeks before being eventually surpassed. The film series, however,", "id": "6415967" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nkiller's identity and his death by John's hand (actually shot by his friend Simpson if it what either the Butcher or the Buthers friend Jimmy Hats, in \"Cross\", Alex finally lets go of Maria and moves on. Years after Maria's death, Alex first dates Secret Service agent Jezzie Flanagan, with whom he works to find Maggie Rose Dunne and Michael Goldberg, children kidnapped by serial killer Gary Soneji in \"Along Came A Spider\". They first meet at the school from where the kids were taken", "id": "8541697" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nIn \"Cross Country\", while investigating the murder of his former girlfriend Eleanor Cox, Cross encounters the Tiger and his crew of savage teenagers. Ian Flathery, a CIA agent, seems to set him up before he arrives in Africa. At the end of the novel, Alex kills Tiger after a long wild chase and confrontation, while Ian Flaherty is compromised and arrested. Gary Soneji first appears in \"Along Came a Spider.\" He kidnaps two children. At the end of that book Soneji is in prison,", "id": "8541727" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nwife Maria was murdered before the series began. His lover in \"Along Came a Spider\", Jezzie Flanigan, is involved in the kidnapping of two children, for which she is executed by lethal injection. In \"Kiss The Girls\", Cross develops a deep friendship with Dr. Kateyla \"Kate\" McTiernan. There were hints of a possible romantic relationship, but they preferred to remain friends. In \"Jack & Jill\", Alex meets Christine Johnson for the first time and falls in love with her by \"Cat", "id": "8541673" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nwas called away on Christmas Eve, worrying that he might not return. Despite occasional arguments, they consistently show support for each other. Alex has three children, two by Maria, and the other by Christine. Janelle and Damon were part of the story from \"Along Came a Spider\" to \"Pop Goes the Weasel\", when \"Ali\" appears. Both Damon and Janelle were too little to remember Maria. Alex makes time with them whenever he can. He takes them to the movies or for ice cream", "id": "8541684" }, { "contents": "Big Ass Spider!\n\n\nman. Alex, enamored with Karly, offers his assistance to Braxton, who declines, especially when Alex presses her for answers on where the spider came from. José convinces Alex to continue their pursuit as it could be the most important thing of their lives. The duo tracks the still-growing spider at a public park, where it kills dozens of people. Alex and José get the spider to chase their truck and lure it to the military. A huge firefight ensues, but the spider escapes into the nearby woods", "id": "13592152" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nguard to leave it on Cross' windshield. Disturbed but unwilling to let Soneji disrupt his life any further, Cross returns home to spend time with his family. Alex Cross: An African-American forensic psychologist as well as a detective, described as good-looking and well-built. He is often referred to as \"Doctor Detective.\" Despite being very dedicated to his job, he manages to be a devoted father to his two children. His wife, Maria, was killed in a shooting before the novel", "id": "10246677" }, { "contents": "Kyle Craig\n\n\nCross in \"Cat & Mouse\". During the events of \"Kiss the Girls\", Craig killed a reporter named Beth Lieberman, marking his first \"seen\" kill in the novels, although it's really not his first. Kyle first appears as an FBI agent in \"Along Came a Spider\" continuing to \"Violets Are Blue\" He becomes a friend of Alex Cross, the series protagonist, helping him out on his cases to capture killers, even using his FBI connections to give him resources. By the", "id": "12630066" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nAs reliable as any actor in Hollywood, Freeman delivers the requisite gravitas, but the bland script curtails any personal touches he might have inserted were his sleuth character unraveling a truly vexing mystery.\" However, critic Harvey O'Brian weighed in with the sentiment that \"Unlike, for example, the overblown kidnap movie \"Ransom\", \"Along Came a Spider\" plays down its sensational elements. It favours the procedural aspects of Cross' investigation which, though infected with the usual 'Eureka' factor of brilliant discoveries by the leading", "id": "13256821" }, { "contents": "Kyle Craig\n\n\nand murders. He is eventually brought to justice by Cross. From \"Violets Are Blue\" onwards, Craig is one of Cross' most formidable adversaries. In the film adaptations of Patterson's novels \"Kiss the Girls\" and \"Along Came a Spider\", Craig is played by Jay O. Sanders. Serial killer Kyle Craig was raised in rural Charlotte, North Carolina to a general, who abused him emotionally and physically at a young age and later a claim which is denied by both his older brother and mother whom", "id": "12630062" }, { "contents": "Marc Moss\n\n\nMarc Moss is an American screenwriter raised in Norfolk, Virginia. He received his BA from the University of Chicago and his MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts. Moss was credited with the feature films \"Along Came a Spider\" (2001), starring Morgan Freeman and Monica Potter, and \"Alex Cross\" (2012), starring Tyler Perry and Matthew Fox. He has also doctored numerous films including \"Kiss the Girls\" (1997), starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman; \"Runaway Jury\" (", "id": "12440443" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\n\" couldn't be better served than it is by Mr. Freeman, whose prickly smarts and silken impatience bring believability to a classless, underdeveloped thriller ... Still, he is wasted in this impersonal, almost inept thriller.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film a mixed 2 stars out of a possible 4, calling it “loophole-riddled, verging on the nonsensical”. He wrote, \"I'm wondering, since Dr. Alex Cross is so brilliant, how come he doesn't notice", "id": "13256819" }, { "contents": "Jack & Jill (novel)\n\n\nJack & Jill is the third novel in a series written by James Patterson which features Washington, D.C. psychologist and homicide police detective Alex Cross. The previous two books are \"Along Came a Spider\" and \"Kiss the Girls\". A man named Sam Harrison or Jack (not his real name) and a woman Sara Rosen or Jill set up a United States Senator. They kill him and videotape it. On the other side of Washington D.C. a different killer kills a child named Shanelle Green using a baseball bat.", "id": "14152321" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\na box office success. After Washington, D.C., detective forensic psychologist and author Alex Cross (Morgan Freeman) loses control of a sting operation, resulting in the death of his partner, he retires from the force. He finds himself drawn back to police work when Megan Rose (Mika Boorem), the daughter of a United States senator, is kidnapped from her exclusive private school by computer science teacher Gary Soneji (Michael Wincott). US Secret Service Special Agent Jezzie Flannigan (Monica Potter), held responsible for the", "id": "13256811" }, { "contents": "Kiss the Girls (1997 film)\n\n\nKiss the Girls is a 1997 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Gary Fleder and starring Morgan Freeman, Ashley Judd, and Cary Elwes. The screenplay by David Klass is based on James Patterson’s best-selling 1995 novel of the same name. A prequel titled \"Along Came a Spider\" was released in 2001. Washington, D.C. detective and forensic psychologist Alex Cross heads to Durham, North Carolina when his niece Naomi, a college student, is reported missing. He learns from police detective Nick Ruskin that", "id": "14436249" }, { "contents": "Cross (novel)\n\n\n, not Janelle who was still a baby when Maria was killed in a drive-by (not by a sniper). Alex's partner and best friend is John Sampson, a black man bigger even that Cross, not a skinny white guy. Patterson implies in the on-disc interviews that this Alex Cross movie should be considered as a reboot of the franchise and is meant to continue through to the current novels. He also said that, although he loved Morgan Freeman in the first two movies, Along Came a", "id": "19252986" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nman), she faces racism, though she handles it better than Alex does. Both her parents were alcoholics, and her father committed suicide. She names them as \"smart failures,\" or brilliant people who never made anything of their lives. When Alex confronts her about her betrayal, she admits that she approached him at first strictly to get information on what the cops knew, but that she later fell in love with him and his children. Gary Murphy/Soneji: As a boy, he was physically and", "id": "10246679" }, { "contents": "Cat and Mouse (novel)\n\n\nMr. Smith is trying to send. Sampson and Cross are in Wilmington, Delaware. They are going to visit Soneji's wife and daughter. Cross smells decay and sees flies. They find the decapitated body of a Labrador Retriever. They discover that Soneji had decapitated his wife, but spared their daughter. Later, Cross goes to Lorton prison, where Soneji had been kept during \"Along Came a Spider\". Cross was there to meet with a prisoner named Jamal Autry who told Cross that Soneji was raped in prison and", "id": "750577" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nsexually abused by his father and stepmother, which caused him to develop a split personality. Gary Murphy is a normal, all-American father and husband, while Gary Soneji is a cold-blooded predator who fantasizes about kidnapping and burying a baby alive at twelve and orchestrates the kidnapping of Maggie Rose and Michael Goldberg. He has an obsession with being famous, and wants to be the most feared criminal in America. A film adaptation of the same name was released on April 6, 2001, starring Morgan Freeman as Alex", "id": "10246680" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nHe meets with Soneji, who confirms he may have been followed. He did not make the connection until he recognized the man at his trial: Mike Devine. Cross meets with the FBI, who have believed for some time that Devine and Chakely took the ransom money, hiring and later murdering the pilot from Florida. Cross also learns that no other than Jezzie Flannagan masterminded the kidnapping using her lover, Devine, as a pawn. Around the same time, Soneji escapes from prison and goes to Washington, where he tortures", "id": "10246674" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nbegins and he is romantically involved with Jezzie Flannagan before he finds out her role in Maggie Rose's disappearance. Jezzie Flannagan: Before the kidnapping of Maggie Rose and Michael Goldberg, she held an esteemed position in the Secret Service—the first woman ever to hold the position. She is described as very beautiful, though she confides in Alex that she wishes she'd been born plain so she wouldn't have to face as much sexism in her workplace. As a white woman romantically involved with Alex (an African-American", "id": "10246678" }, { "contents": "Big Ass Spider!\n\n\nbe killed by shooting its spinneret. José grabs a rocket launcher from a military vehicle and tosses it to Alex, who shoots the spider in the spinneret. The spider explodes, finally killing it. Alex embraces Karly, and the two enjoy a passionate kiss. In a mid-credits scene, Braxton calls Alex to tell him they have another problem. In the background, a giant cockroach can be seen climbing the Statue of Liberty in a video monitor. \"Big Ass Spider!\" was directed by Mike Mendez.", "id": "13592155" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nSoneji later arrives at Flannigan's home and confronts Cross after disabling Flannigan with a taser. Because Soneji has not reacted to Cross's verbal comment about receiving the ransom amount (which was incorrect), the detective realizes that the kidnapper is unaware of the ransom demand and delivery. Soneji tries to leave with Flannigan, but Cross kills him. Cross becomes suspicious and realizes that someone else discovered Soneji long before his plot came to fruition. After searching Flannigan's personal computer, he finds enough evidence to prove that Flannigan and her", "id": "13256814" }, { "contents": "Alex Ball\n\n\nAlex Ball (born 4 August 1981) is a footballer who played in The Football League for Bristol City. Ball is now a youth academy coach at Southampton after joining from his post as Head of youth development at Bristol City. His only appearance for City came in a 2–0 defeat away at cross city rivals Bristol Rovers at the end of the 1999–2000 season. He was released in 2001 and has since played for non-league sides Clevedon Town, Team Bath, Mangotsfield United and Paulton Rovers. He has also coached at", "id": "6365770" }, { "contents": "The Boy Who Came Back from Heaven\n\n\nThe Boy Who Came Back From Heaven: A True Story is a best-selling 2010 Christian book that purported to tell the story of Alex Malarkey's experiences in heaven after a traffic accident in 2004. It was published by Tyndale House Publishers in 2010 and lists Alex's father Kevin Malarkey as an author along with Alex, although Alex described it in November 2012 as \"one of the most deceptive books ever.\" It was adapted into a TV movie in March 2010. Alex forcefully disavowed the book in an open letter", "id": "11996512" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nbreach in security, joins forces with Cross to find the missing girl. Soneji contacts Cross by phone and alerts him to the fact one of Megan's sneakers is in the detective's mailbox, proving that Soneji is the kidnapper. Cross deduces that the man is obsessed with the 1932 Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. kidnapping and hopes to become as infamous as Bruno Hauptmann by committing a new \"Crime of the Century\" which might be discussed by Cross in one of his true crime books. Megan's kidnapping proves to be only part", "id": "13256812" }, { "contents": "Cultural depictions of spiders\n\n\nfor No Doubt in 1995. Alice Cooper's 2008 concept album, \"Along Came a Spider\" is about a fictitious serial killer known as 'Spider', who wraps his victims in silk and cuts off one of their legs in order to create his own eight-legged arachnoid. Information technology terms such as the \"web spider\" (or \"web crawler\") and the World Wide Web imply the spider-like connection of information accessed on the Internet. A dance, the tarantella, refers to the spider", "id": "20512077" }, { "contents": "Cross (novel)\n\n\never made, but he is mentioned dozens of times. Originally, The Butcher thinks one of his mob bosses killed Hats, but it is later revealed that Sampson killed him. Alex was listening to a funny story told to him about Morgan Freeman, who played him in the first two film adaptions. Later, Alex was seen watching Diary of A Mad Black Woman, a film directed by Tyler Perry, who also played to him in the latest installment of the Alex Cross franchise. A film adaptation of the novel,", "id": "19252984" }, { "contents": "La Princesse\n\n\nbe helped through the crowd on foot by the police. The spider's musicians played an impromptu wedding march as they fought through the crowd. Various set pieces took place along the spider's route, involving smoke, fireworks and water cannon. The spider worked its way towards the main shopping area, passing Liverpool One. When the spider reached the centre of Lord Street, it was covered by a snow shower from above to make it go to sleep. It came to a rest at around 5 pm, taking a break", "id": "5980318" }, { "contents": "Mika Boorem\n\n\nand Anton Yelchin in the thriller \"Along Came a Spider\" (2001), playing the kidnapped daughter of a United States Senator. The following year, she was again cast opposite Yelchin with a lead in the drama \"Hearts in Atlantis\" (2001), playing a young girl who has mysterious interactions with an elderly man (played by Anthony Hopkins) in her community. A supporting role in Penny Marshall's period drama \"Riding in Cars with Boys\" (2001) followed, and a part as the younger", "id": "16985660" }, { "contents": "Venom (comic book)\n\n\nMichelinie. The story began the character's transition from unambiguous villain to anti-hero and introduced the symbiote offspring (Scream, Phage, Riot, Lasher and Agony), who would recur in Marvel comics until the 2011 \"Carnage, U.S.A.\" limited series. Seventeen other series were printed between August 1993 and January 1998, including 1994's \"\" (which continued the story of Venom's offspring and spawned the 1995 \"Planet of the Symbiotes\" cross-series story arc), 1996's \"Along Came a Spider", "id": "7223209" }, { "contents": "Kill Alex Cross\n\n\nthe door to take them to assembly, they find Zoe and Ethan have been kidnapped. Meanwhile, Metro Police Department cop Alex Cross, along with FBI agents, and Secret Service, discover a vehicle that rushes quickly out of the school grounds. Upon chasing the van, a massive car crash results soon afterward. Alex interrogates the driver, who is badly injured and sent to the hospital. Alex later learns the driver's name to be Pinkey. Meanwhile, FBI agent Ned Mahoney is told by Director Ron Burns that all", "id": "6415780" }, { "contents": "Tobin Heath\n\n\non penalties. Heath was a member of the 2012 U.S. Olympic team and played in all six matches. She started and played the full 90 in four of the six games and recorded three assists during the tournament. Her first assist came against France, during the groups stage, where she sent a crossing pass to Alex Morgan who scored the last goal of the match making the final score 4–2. The second assist, against Colombia, she played a one-two pass with Wambach who scored the second in a 3–0 win", "id": "16441160" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nreally came back for Alex, upon learning of his engagement to Bree. She and Alex have an argument, which forces her to leave once again. Alex and Christine have a small form of connection through the rest of the series, for the sake of Ali. In \"Pop Goes the Weasel\", Alex teams up with detective Patsy Hampton, to investigate Geoffrey Shafer, who had kidnapped Christine. Patsy at first views Alex as a rival, but later shows interest in him. However, she is murdered by Shafer", "id": "8541705" }, { "contents": "The 13th Note Café\n\n\noriginal name. It has hosted concerts by a number of notable acts, including Idlewild, Belle & Sebastian and Franz Ferdinand. The Kazoo Club was launched by Jim Byrne (Dexter Slim and the Pickups). Solo performers and bands could come along and play no matter their experience. There was no charge for entry. Alex Kapranos wss one of the first performers. On the opening night everyone who came along was given a kazoo. Local artists drew in charcoal on paper pinned to the walls behind the musicians as they played", "id": "1371641" }, { "contents": "Spiders (British band)\n\n\nSpiders is a three-piece indie band from Rotherham, England. Close school friends, the band came together through \"lack of anything better to do and a similar taste in music.\" Main influences on the band are The Jam, Blur and The Libertines. Composed of brothers Rob Tingle, Adam Tingle, and friend Nick Monk, the band were taught by Alex Turner's father a Rawmarsh Comprehensive School. Spiders was a result of numerous bands and projects, which formed in the Summer of 2010. Since then the", "id": "5725927" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nof Soneji's real plan: to kidnap Dimitri Starodubov (Anton Yelchin), the son of the Russian president, guaranteeing himself greater infamy. After Cross and Flannigan foil his second kidnapping plot, a supposed call from the kidnapper demands that Cross deliver a ransom of $10 million in diamonds, by following an intricate maze of calls made to public phone booths scattered throughout the city. Following the ransom directions, Cross ultimately tosses the gems out the window of a rapidly moving Metro train to a figure standing by the tracks.", "id": "13256813" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (album)\n\n\nis heard telling 'Spider' that 'We've been locked away here for twenty five years Steven, we couldn't have done all those horrible things' thus revealing Spider as the character Steven from \"Welcome To My Nightmare\". \"Along Came a Spider\" was due for a 2007 release but problems with producer scheduling and tour commitments caused it to be pushed to mid-2008. Several demos and songs were prepared and short-listed during 2007 with further sessions for recording and writing taking place in February 2008. 75%", "id": "17123918" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nof Gary Soneji/Murphy lasts eleven months. Cross hypnotizes him several times, learning he seems to have a split personality; Gary Murphy, his everyday persona, is a gentle family man, while Gary Soneji is a vicious sociopath. Despite the defense's best effort at an insanity plea, Soneji is imprisoned. Meanwhile, Cross learns that someone was following Soneji and knew about the kidnapping. Cross suspects Mike Devine and Charley Chakely, the Secret Service agents in charge of protecting Maggie Rose and Michael when they were kidnapped.", "id": "10246673" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\npast two years. Shortly after this, Soneji attacks Cross at his Washington home, attempting to kill his grandmother and children. Losing the fight, Soneji is hunted through the capital and eventually cornered on Pennsylvania Avenue, where he takes two children hostage. Soneji is about to shoot Cross, but Sampson shoots Soneji first, wounding him. Some time later, Charley Chakely and Jezzie Flannagan are executed for their crimes, while Soneji is locked up in a mental institution. He writes a last taunting letter to Cross and bribes a", "id": "10246676" }, { "contents": "Wesley Taylor\n\n\nnew-to-the-city boy named Billy who sits next to Carson in the waiting room. That sketch became the premise for the pilot of \"Billy Green\". Taylor started along Alex Wyse in the webseries \"Indoor Boys\", playing the character Luke In addition, Taylor has written several short plays: \"Star-Crossed\", \"The Game\", and \"The Delivery Boy\". His latest project, \"What's So Funny?\", received a developmental reading on August 12, 2011", "id": "17743755" }, { "contents": "John Sampson (character)\n\n\nof 3 of the Cross films, which is stated under Film adaptions. Throughout the books, it is explained Sampson has had many girlfriends, but has not been able to marry anyone for a few reasons. Sampson briefly appeared played by Bill Nunn in the first \"Alex Cross\" film ever made - \"Kiss the Girls\". In the movie, John is the one who tells Alex (Morgan Freeman) of Naomi's disappearance and is seen helping Alex comfort his family. While he tries to tell Alex to leave", "id": "17744990" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nup after his crimes. Alex eventually learns – from a girl who escapes – that Zeus is the U.S. President's husband, Theodore Vance. Before Cross can arrest him, Secret Service Agent Dan Cormorant kills him to prevent the scandal from damaging the President. Jimmy Hats kills Maria, as described in \"Cross\". He was an assassin-for-hire and worked for a mob family. He once partners with The Butcher. Despite only appearing briefly in a flashback and never meeting Alex, Jimmy Hats plays a big", "id": "8541733" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\nwith kidnappings, particularly that of the Lindbergh baby, and his desire to become a world-famous criminal. Some time later, Michael Goldberg's corpse is discovered, and the Dunnes receive a telegram demanding $10 million. Cross, Sampson and the FBI investigate, and Cross begins an affair with Jezzie Flannagan. He is ordered to deliver the money to Walt Disney World in Orlando, wondering how Soneji knows about his involvement. A man takes him on a plane, flying to a small island and taking the money,", "id": "10246670" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (album)\n\n\nAlong Came a Spider is the eighteenth solo album by singer-songwriter Alice Cooper, released on July 2008 by Steamhammer/SPV. A hard rock/heavy metal concept album, it chronicles the activities of a psychopathic serial killer known as 'Spider' and the eventual undoing of his plans. A commercial success, it ended up becoming Cooper's highest-charting studio effort in the United States since \"Hey Stoopid\" (1991). The story-line for the concept album was first revealed on Cooper's radio show", "id": "17123916" }, { "contents": "Marius Alexe\n\n\nin a game against Luxembourg on 29 March 2011. He came on in the 84th minute for Adrian Mutu. Alexe is able to play both as a striker and as a left winger. His greatest assets are without a doubt his speed and technique. Alexe has great acceleration and very impressive pace, enabling him to dominate the left flank. He possesses great dribbling skills, control and passing ability, which, along with his agility, make him a very tough player to mark. Alexe is naturally right footed, but it", "id": "4286840" }, { "contents": "Spider-Man: With Great Power\n\n\nidea came to David Lapham years previously when flipping through \"Amazing Fantasy\" #15 (the comic book in which Spider-Man first appeared), and noted the various newspaper headlines \"Spider-Man Wins Showbiz Award\", \"Spider-Man Plays to Packed House\", and \"Who Is Spider-Man?\". Tony Harris explained that \"With Great Power\" takes place in between the two panels in which \"Amazing Fantasy\" writer Stan Lee's narration mentions the coming weeks and months that passed,", "id": "6672655" }, { "contents": "Big Ass Spider!\n\n\nMeanwhile, a mortician is bitten by a rodent-sized spider that crawls out of a dead body which just arrived at the hospital. Learning of this, Alex offers to take care of the spider in exchange for clearing his hospital bill. José Ramos (Lombardo Boyar), a hospital security guard, offers to help Alex. Going to the morgue, Alex deduces the spider escaped into an air vent. He enters the vent and communicates with José via walkie-talkie. Meanwhile, a military task force led by Major", "id": "13592150" }, { "contents": "List of Cleveland Spiders managers\n\n\nmanage the Spiders through the end of the 1898 season. Tebeau holds the Spiders' records for most games managed, with 1040, most wins as manager, with 579, most losses as manager, with 436, and highest winning percentage, with .570. Tebeau is in fact the only Spiders' manager to have won more games than he lost. In 1894 and 1895, Tebeau had the distinction of managing his brother George Tebeau, who played outfield and first base for the team. In 1899, third baseman Lave Cross", "id": "21149136" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (novel)\n\n\n. In the murdered prostitutes' neighborhood, an elderly woman recalls a man going door to door selling heating systems. They soon find out that a man named Gary Murphy works for the company, and put observation on his family home in Wilmington, but Soneji manages to escape. A day later, he walks into a McDonald's and holds several people hostage. Soneji is almost killed, but Cross saves him, as he believes Soneji knows where Maggie is. The criminal promises Cross will regret saving his life. The trial", "id": "10246672" }, { "contents": "The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014 video game)\n\n\nForce, a privatized police force meant to contain criminals, as well as vigilantes like Spider-Man. After Harry refuses his offer to take Oscorp off his hands, Fisk decides to wait until Harry dies from the same genetic disease that killed Norman and take over Oscorp. Meanwhile, with Task Force after him, Spider-Man tries to maintain his reputation as a hero by stopping various crimes around the city and soon meets a man named Kraven, who came to New York to hunt down Oscorp's failed cross-species", "id": "5585570" }, { "contents": "Cross Country (novel)\n\n\narrests them, after discovering they and Flaherty were associated with Tiger. The book ends as Alex gets an alarming phone call from Kyle Craig, who has escaped from prison and wants revenge on Alex Cross, after the events in the previous book. A sequel was released on August 29, 2009 and was titled \"Alex Cross' Trial\" and was followed by six others featuring Cross, \"I, Alex Cross\", \"Cross Fire\", \"Kill Alex Cross\", \"Merry Christmas, Alex Cross\",", "id": "11269514" }, { "contents": "Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse\n\n\nthe Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on December 1, 2018, and included tributes to Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. A thirty-second sizzle reel from the film was shown at a Sony Pictures Animation presentation in January 2017, revealing that the film focuses on Morales. Scott Mendelson at \"Forbes\" said the footage \"looked incredible stylized and resembled a cross between an Alex Ross image and a psychedelic [comic] cover\", but felt the most significant element of the presentation was the confirmation of Morales, meaning \"", "id": "4400239" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nfellow Secret Service agent Ben Devine (Billy Burke) used Soneji as a pawn in their own plot to collect a ransom for Megan. He tracks them down to a secluded farmhouse, where Flannigan has murdered Devine and is now intent on killing Megan. Cross stops Flannigan by shooting her in the heart, killing her. Cross kneels before the nervous Megan to introduce himself as a policeman and her parents' friend. She asks if he can take her home to them, and he assures her that nothing would make him happier", "id": "13256815" }, { "contents": "Like Jake and Me\n\n\nwho would never guess how Virginia managed to put those pears inside this glass bottle. Alex then goes on to try to help Jake load everything else back to the house, and once again, Jake brushes Alex off. As Jake starts to unload the wood, Alex spots a wolf spider on his neck. Alex starts to talk to Jake about it but Jake thinks they are talking about Virginia who is right outside the window by the pear tree. After having a long conversation about it, Alex lets Jake know that is", "id": "21500242" }, { "contents": "Richmond Spiders\n\n\n(1990, 1991, 2005) and the Women's National Invitation Tournament nine times (1989, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015). The women's basketball team plays its home games in the Robins Center. The Spiders men's cross country team is coached by Steve Taylor, who has been the head coach since 2001. Lori Taylor serves as the overall director of all of Richmond's cross country and track and field teams. In 2010, the men's team won", "id": "22016599" }, { "contents": "Kevin Finlayson\n\n\ngames with \"the Staggies\", Finlayson was loaned back to Queen's Park before re-signing for them permanently in 2000. After leaving \"the Spiders\", he signed for Stranraer where he played well over 100 times as a right winger/forward. After helping Stranraer to promotion at the expense of Greenock Morton, he signed for the Cappielow club on a Bosman free transfer on 31 May 2005, signing along with 3 others (Andy McLaren, Derek Lilley and Alex Walker). Finlayson became a very adaptable player", "id": "22175992" }, { "contents": "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters\n\n\nShe and Mysterio were killed in an explosion after revealing their love for each other. In this show, Mirium (voiced by Nichelle Nichols) is Blade's Mother. She was turned into a Vampire by Blade's father. She came to New York in order to turn Spider-Man, Detective Terri Lee, Black Cat, and Blade, along with many other people into vampires. Mysterio (voiced by Gregg Berger) was a supervillain who blames Spider-Man for ruining his reputation. In his first appearance, Mysterio", "id": "10843662" }, { "contents": "Double Cross (novel)\n\n\ntrack the woman who had delivered the message, but she escapes in her car. After failing to find the woman, Alex heads to Washington where a pregnant woman has been found murdered at the National Air and Space Museum. Upon returning home, Alex learns from his kids, Alex 'Ali' Jr. and Jannie, and his grandmother, Nana, that his oldest son, Damon, has run away. Sampson finds Damon playing basketball. Alex scolds Damon, who is frustrated that Alex missed a meeting to allow Damon to", "id": "16539373" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\nCross My Heart\". It was followed by a 23rd novel named \"Cross Justice\", released in November 2015, in which the Cross family travels down to help one of Alex's cousins who is wrongly accused of murder. At the end of \"Cross Justice\", Alex finds his long lost father Jason, who was presumed dead for over three decades but in reality had been a police sergeant in Florida. A 24th novel, \"Cross the Line\", was released in 2016, in which Alex and Bree", "id": "6415954" }, { "contents": "Big Ass Spider!\n\n\nBraxton Tanner (Ray Wise) and Lieutenant Karly Brant (Clare Kramer) show up at the hospital to examine the dead body the spider burst out of. Meanwhile, the spider, growing exponentially, kills a paralyzed hospital patient. Back inside the vent, Alex stumbles upon a spiderweb and learns that it is highly flammable. Alex ventures into the hospital basement, where he has a confrontation with the spider. The spider is driven off by Karly and escapes into a grate down into the sewer, where it kills a homeless", "id": "13592151" }, { "contents": "Marvel 2099\n\n\n,\" crossing the current Marvel Universe with yet another alternate reality version of 2099. The Spider-Man 2099 of this reality is a teenager. In 2013 Spider-Man 2099 became trapped in the mainstream Marvel Universe in \"The Superior Spider-Man\". In 2014 he would star in an ongoing series and become involved in the \"Spider-Verse\" storyline, along with numerous other alternate reality Spider-Men. Notably the Spider-Men 2099s of the \"Exiles\" and \"Timestorm\" series are killed during", "id": "21291010" }, { "contents": "Prototype (video game)\n\n\nCODENAME: THE SPECIALIST) is voiced by Jeff Pierce. Phil LaMarr voiced Dr. Bradley Ragland, who was helping Alex when Cross injected him with an Anti-Blacklight virus. Alex Mercer ex-girlfriend Karen Parker is voiced by Vanessa Marshall. Alex's boss Dr. Raymond McMullen is voiced by Paul Guilfoyle who also played Jim Brass in \"\". Gordon Clapp voiced Gen. Peter Randall who wants to contain Alex. Randall 2nd in-command Ian Taggart is voiced by Richard McGonagle. Kari Wahlgren voiced Elizabeth Green also known as \"", "id": "6570951" }, { "contents": "Spider-Man (2002 video game)\n\n\nthe same levels as they would with Spider-Man. Unlockable costumes for Spider-Man include Peter Parker in his civilian clothes, the homemade wrestling outfit from the movie, and acclaimed comic book artist Alex Ross' prototype design for the movie Spider-Man costume, which also triggers the Goblin to wear Ross' early design during battles. A cheat code allowed players to play as Mary Jane but was dropped from rereleased versions of the game due to the perceived lesbianism implications of scenes featuring the \"player\" Mary Jane and", "id": "5664963" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (film series)\n\n\nThe \"Alex Cross\" film series is an American series of thriller films, based on the fictional character of Alex Cross, who originally appeared in a series of novels by James Patterson. In the series of three films, two actors have portrayed Cross. Prior to the film \"Alex Cross\" (2012) release, it was announced that \"Double Cross\" would be adapted into a film, with Tyler Perry reprising the role. However, the film was cancelled after \"Alex Cross\" did not perform well at", "id": "8521672" }, { "contents": "Mick Woodmansey\n\n\non Bowie's albums \"The Man Who Sold the World\" (1970), \"Hunky Dory\" (1971), \"The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars\" (1972) and \"Aladdin Sane\" (1973). Woodmansey was replaced in The Spiders from Mars by Aynsley Dunbar, who played on Bowie's next album, the 1973 covers album \"Pin Ups\". Woodmansey re-formed The Spiders from Mars for one album, along with bass player Trevor Bolder. This necessitated", "id": "4534941" }, { "contents": "Arachnid (film)\n\n\nArachnid is a 2001 American horror film directed by Jack Sholder. The film centers on a group of plane crash survivors who are stalked and killed by giant alien spiders. The film stars Alex Reid, Chris Potter, Rocqueford Allen, Robert Vicencio and José Sancho. A plane crashes on an island, and the pilot comes across a giant spider, which kills both him and an alien. One year later, Mercer (Alex Reid), the sister of the pilot, accompanies Valentine (Chris Potter) to the same island", "id": "4069135" }, { "contents": "Big Ass Spider!\n\n\nAlex and José head for the city, as the now-enormous spider sets up a nest at the U.S. Bank Tower. As they enter the skyscraper, Braxton informs them that Karly is located directly inside the nest, and warns them of an impending airstrike. They get to Karly and free her and several other trapped citizens just before the hatching baby spiders can attack. The group makes it out of the building seconds before the airstrike hits, provoking the spider. Alex deduces from the spiderwebs' flammability that the spider could", "id": "13592154" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross\n\n\nNana Mama and his children, Damon, Janelle (Jannie), by his late wife Maria Simpson-Cross and Alex Jr. (Ali) from his fiancé Christine Johnson. Cross teaches his two elder children boxing in his home's basement (\"Pop Goes the Weasel\"). Cross carries a Glock 9 mm pistol. He drives a 1974 Porsche and bought a Mercedes-Benz R350 to replace Maria's old Toyota. He plays the piano to relax and owns an Abyssinian cat named Rosie, who showed up one day", "id": "8541671" }, { "contents": "Alex Cross (novel series)\n\n\ntheme in the earlier novels is the unsolved murder of his first wife, Maria. Cross later reveals another reason for trying to solve the cases: so he can protect his family from danger. Cross currently lives on Fifth Street in Southeast Washington, D.C., along with grandmother Nana Mama, children Damon, Janelle (\"Jannie\"), and Alex Jr. (\"Ali\"), and his current and new wife, Brianna \"Bree\" Stone-Cross. When Alex was 9, his father died of alcoholism,", "id": "6415944" }, { "contents": "Tombstone (comics)\n\n\nby Gerry Conway and Alex Saviuk and first appeared in \"Web of Spider-Man\" #36 (March 1988). The character was immediately established to have a history with longtime Spider-Man supporting character Joseph \"Robbie\" Robertson, and was brought on as a regular in \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", which was then being written by Conway. Conway explained why he created Tombstone: \"My general motivation was a need to work with the characters who weren't central to \"The Amazing Spider-Man", "id": "3286417" }, { "contents": "2015 Richmond Spiders football team\n\n\nThe 2015 Richmond Spiders football team represented the University of Richmond in the 2015 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Danny Rocco and played their home games at E. Claiborne Robins Stadium. The Spiders were a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). The Spiders finished as a CAA co-champion along with James Madison and William & Mary, who all finished with identical 6–2 conference records. The Spiders received the CAA's automatic bid to the FCS playoffs by virtue of a", "id": "13856350" }, { "contents": "Alex Givvons\n\n\nAlexander \"Alex\" Givvons (fourth ¼ 1913 – June 2002) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Cross Keys RFC, as a scrum-half, i.e. number 9, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Oldham (two spells) and Huddersfield, as a or , i.e. number 7, or 13, during the era of contested scrums. Alex Givvons", "id": "8575538" }, { "contents": "Big Ass Spider!\n\n\nBig Ass Spider! is a 2013 science fiction comedy-horror film directed by Mike Mendez. The film tells the story of a bug exterminator, who, with the help of a hospital security guard and the military, battles a giant spider that goes on a rampage in Los Angeles. Alex Mathis (Greg Grunberg) is a cash-strapped but good-natured exterminator working in Los Angeles. While helping an elderly woman with a rodent problem, he is bitten by a poisonous spider and is treated at a hospital.", "id": "13592149" }, { "contents": "Cross Fire (novel)\n\n\nRun\", and \"Cross My Heart\". In the 18th novel of the Alex Cross series, MPD detective Alex Cross, along with his friend John Sampson, must solve one of his most difficult cases. A kidnapping has occurred - President Coyle's kids have been kidnapped. With no leads, Alex soon becomes puzzled in several ways, and it doesn't help when the FBI and others, don't give him the details and information on both cases. Someone very powerful doesn't want him too close. Now", "id": "2532493" }, { "contents": "Cultural depictions of spiders\n\n\nwas accidentally bitten by a radioactive spider and then, as Spider-Man, was able to scale tall buildings and shoot web fluid from a device attached to his wrist. Along with these abilities, came super senses and instant reflexes. Writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko originated this franchise. Due to the character's popularity, Spider-Man appeared in movies and various other media. In addition to Spider-Man, the Marvel universe includes several subsequent characters using the spider as their patron; including Spider-Woman,", "id": "20512064" }, { "contents": "Alex Fraser Bridge\n\n\nConstruction is slated to be completed by the end of August 2019. In December 2016 the Alex Fraser Bridge along with the Port Mann Bridge dropped \"ice bombs,\" also called \"slush bombs\" on vehicles causing damage to windshields. The Alex Fraser has the cables along the sides of the driving lanes where as the Port Mann has them cross over-top of the driving lanes. In addition to 2016, this also happened on the Alex Fraser in 2005, 2008, and 2012. The Alex Fraser needed to be", "id": "18440206" }, { "contents": "Alex Raphael Meschini\n\n\nAlex Raphael Meschini (born 25 March 1982 in Cornélio Procópio) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder. Alex was born on 25 March 1982 in the town of Cornélio Procópio. His family are Italian descents when his grandmother on his father side came to Brazil. By the time he was one-years old, his family was relocated to Itambé and relocated again to Santa Amélia when he was seven. Alex has two brothers, who works as banker and Agronomy respectively At Santa Amélia, Alex spent much of his", "id": "21032092" }, { "contents": "Kill Alex Cross\n\n\nKill Alex Cross is the 18th book in the Alex Cross series, following Det. Alex Cross trying to solve two crimes - the president's kidnapped children and a case of someone poisoning the water supply. President Coyle's children, Zoe (who is depicted as 'always getting in trouble' or starting it) and Ethan (who is the opposite of his sister, and is often picked on and bullied by fellow students at their middle school), speak to each other alone in a shed, when Secret Service open", "id": "6415779" }, { "contents": "Along Came a Spider (film)\n\n\nyawning logical holes in the very fabric of the story he's occupying?\" Nonetheless, Ebert thought that Freeman's performance was commendable. \"Maybe actors should be given Oscars,\" he wrote, \"not for the good films they triumph in, but for the weak films they survive.\" Robert Koehler of \"Variety\" felt \"the very characteristics that have made Cross so appealing, particularly his mind-tickling abilities to assess and outmaneuver his criminal opponents, are reduced here to the most fundamental and predictable level ...", "id": "13256820" }, { "contents": "Double Cross (novel)\n\n\nDouble Cross is the 13th novel in the Alex Cross series featuring Detective Alex Cross by James Patterson. It was released on November 13, 2007. On December 2, 2007 Double Cross became the number 1 best seller in \"The New York Times\". Four years prior to the beginning of the story, Kyle Craig is sent to prison after his crimes in Roses Are Red and Violets Are Blue and swears revenge upon Detective Alex Cross, who was responsible for his capture. In the present day, Alex Cross is on", "id": "16539366" } ]

[ { "contents": "Independent Jewish Voices\n\n\nin response to a perceived pro-Israeli bias in existing Jewish bodies in the UK\", and, according to Hobsbawn, \"as a counter-balance to the uncritical support for Israeli policies by established bodies such as the Board of Deputies of British Jews\". The group's Declaration states: Its signatories attest to being guided by five principles presented in the Declaration: Signatories to the Declaration state their shared beliefs that \"the interests of an occupying power should not count for more than the human rights of an occupied people", "id": "14552480" }, { "contents": "Gideon Remez\n\n\nGideon Remez (Hebrew: גדעון רמז, born 2 June 1946) is an Israeli journalist and an analyst on post-Soviet affairs. Gideon Remez was born in Tel Aviv on June 2, 1946. His father, Aharon Remez, was an Israeli diplomat and military officer who served as the second commander of the Israeli Air Force. His grandfather, David Remez, was an Israeli politician who was a signatory to the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Remez headed the foreign news desk at the Voice of Israel. He is a", "id": "13706536" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\npolitics following independence; Moshe Sharett and Golda Meir both served as Prime Minister, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi became the country's second president in 1952, and several others served as ministers. David Remez was the first signatory to pass away, dying in May 1951, while Meir Vilner, the youngest signatory at just 29, was the longest living, serving in the Knesset until 1990 and dying in June 2003. Eliyahu Berligne, the oldest signatory at 82, died in 1959. Eleven minutes after midnight, the United States \"", "id": "14832562" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\nfighting resumed on 8 July and stopped again on 18 July, before restarting in mid-October and finally ending on 24 July 1949 with the signing of the armistice agreement with Syria. By then Israel had retained its independence and increased its land area by almost 50% compared to the 1947 UN Partition Plan. Following the declaration, Moetzet HaAm became the Provisional State Council, which acted as the legislative body for the new state until the first elections in January 1949. Many of the signatories would play a prominent role in Israeli", "id": "14832561" }, { "contents": "Golda Meir\n\n\nJews in Nazi-occupied Europe. Meir was one of 24 signatories (including two women) of the Israeli Declaration of Independence on May 14, 1948. She later recalled, \"After I signed, I cried. When I studied American history as a schoolgirl and I read about those who signed the U.S. Declaration of Independence, I couldn't imagine these were real people doing something real. And there I was sitting down and signing a declaration of establishment.\" Israel was attacked the next day by the joint armies of", "id": "18340567" }, { "contents": "HaBoker\n\n\nHaBoker (, lit. \"The Morning\") was a Hebrew-language daily newspaper in Mandate Palestine and Israel associated with the General Zionists. The paper was established in 1935 by the right-wing of the General Zionists, with the first edition published on 11 October that year. Its first editor, Samuel Perl, left soon after the newspaper's founding, and was replaced by Joseph Heftman and Peretz Bernstein, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence, who held the post until 1946. Its journalists", "id": "20357392" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\nArgov (Grabovsky), Peretz Bernstein (then Fritz Bernstein), Avraham Granot (Granovsky), Avraham Nissan (Katznelson), Moshe Kol (Kolodny), Yehuda Leib Maimon (Fishman), Golda Meir (Meyerson/Myerson), Pinchas Rosen (Felix Rosenblueth) and Moshe Sharett (Shertok). Other signatories added their own touches, including Saadia Kobashi who added the phrase \"HaLevy\", referring to the tribe of Levi. After Sharett, the last of the signatories, had put his name to paper,", "id": "14832558" }, { "contents": "Rock of Israel\n\n\n\" is part of the morning prayers in some versions of the prayerbook, where it is recited immediately before the Shemonah Esrei prayer. The term \"Rock of Israel\" was subject of controversy just before the promulgation of the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. The leaders present at the ceremony and who were to be signatories of the declaration believed that the declaration should express the fundamental values and principles that would define the new state, which would give the Jewish people a homeland in Palestine after 2,000 years of exile.", "id": "1672488" }, { "contents": "Ada Maimon\n\n\n. In addition, she was a member of the Women's International Zionist Organization's leadership. Having served as a member of the Assembly of Representatives during the Mandate era, Maimon was elected to the first Knesset on the Mapai list in 1949. She was re-elected in 1951, but lost her seat in the 1955 elections. She died on 10 October 1973. Her brother, Yehuda, was amongst the signatories of the Israeli Israeli Declaration of Independence; he also served as Minister of Religion and War Victims and was", "id": "10540934" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\nalone to isolate him, or to stress that even a communist agreed with the declaration. However, Warhaftig later denied this, stating that a space had been left for him (as he was one of the signatories trapped in Jerusalem) where a Hebraicised form of his name would have fitted alphabetically, but he insisted on signing under his actual name so as to honour his father's memory and so moved down two spaces. He and Vilner would be the last surviving signatories, and remained close for the rest of their lives", "id": "14832556" }, { "contents": "Eliezer Kaplan\n\n\nEliezer Kaplan (; ; 27 January 1891 – 13 July 1952) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence and the country's first Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister. Born in Minsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus), Kaplan attended a Heder and high school in Łowicz. He joined the Socialist Zionist Party in 1905, and was one of the founders of the \"Youth of Zion – Renewal\" movement in 1908, elected secretary of its Minsk Region", "id": "13122075" }, { "contents": "David Remez\n\n\nDavid Remez (, born David Drabkin in 1886, died 19 May 1951) was an Israeli politician, the country's first Minister of Transportation, and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Remez was born in the village of Kopys in the Russian Empire (now in Belarus) in 1886 and attended high school there. He studied Law in Turkey before starting work as a teacher. He moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1913, and worked as an agricultural laborer in Ben Shemen, Be'er Tuvia, Karkur and Zikhron Ya'akov", "id": "15245660" }, { "contents": "Independence Day (United States)\n\n\n, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. By a remarkable coincidence, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, the only two signatories of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as presidents of the United States, both died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as president, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President who", "id": "4944851" }, { "contents": "Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit\n\n\nBechor-Shalom Sheetrit (, 1895 – 28 January 1967) was an Israeli politician, minister and the only signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence to have been born in the country. He served as Minister of Police from independence until his death in 1967, making him the longest-serving cabinet member in the same portfolio to date. Sheetrit was born in Tiberias in 1895 during the time of the Ottoman Empire to a Moroccan Jewish family that had immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in the 19th century. He was educated at a", "id": "4894857" }, { "contents": "Congregation Beth Jacob Ohev Sholom\n\n\nwas its first president. He would serve at Beth Jacob Anshe Sholom until 1919, moving to a pulpit in San Francisco. That year the congregation had 155 member families. Gold would emigrate to Palestine in 1935, and was one of the signatories of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Gold was succeeded as rabbi by Solomon Golobowsky. The congregation had decided by 1918 that the Talmud Torah should become independent: during Golobowsky's tenure, in 1921, it demolished the church building housing the school, and built in its place a", "id": "15545420" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\nGurion was the first person to sign. The declaration was due to be signed by all 37 members of Moetzet HaAm. However, twelve members could not attend, eleven of them trapped in besieged Jerusalem and one abroad. The remaining 25 signatories present were called up in alphabetical order to sign, leaving spaces for those absent. Although a space was left for him between the signatures of Eliyahu Dobkin and Meir Vilner, Zerach Warhaftig signed at the top of the next column, leading to speculation that Vilner's name had been left", "id": "14832555" }, { "contents": "Zvi Segal\n\n\nZvi Segal (, 1901–1965) was a Revisionist Zionist activist and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. A member of the Irgun, Segal was deported to Eritrea by the British during the Mandate era. He served as vice-president of the Revisionist movement from 1940 until 1948, when he signed Israel's declaration of independence. He was immediately co-opted into the Provisional State Council and sat on the finance committee; however, after Menachem Begin founded the rival Herut movement, Segal left politics and turned to the", "id": "10826785" }, { "contents": "Kfar Maimon\n\n\nKfar Maimon (, \"lit.\" Maimon Village) is a religious moshav in southern Israel. Located near Netivot and covering 5,000 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Sdot Negev Regional Council. In it had a population of . The village was established in 1959 by a gar'in of Bnei Akiva members and was named after Yehuda Leib Maimon, a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence and the first Minister of Religions. In 2005 the village was the site of a non-violent standoff between tens of thousands of protesters", "id": "13511585" }, { "contents": "Meir Argov\n\n\nMeir Argov (, Meyer Grabovsky; 1905 – 24 November 1963) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Rîbniţa in the Russian Empire (today in Transnistria/Moldova), Argov studied at a heder and then at Kiev University. He became involved in Zionist activism in his youth, heading the HeHalutz movement in Ukraine, and becoming a member of the Tzeiri Zion central committee in 1917. He was arrested for Zionist activities in 1922, and again in 1924,", "id": "15217431" }, { "contents": "David-Zvi Pinkas\n\n\nDavid-Zvi Pinkas (, 5 December 1895 – 14 August 1952) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. A signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence, he was the country's third Minister of Transport. Born in Sopron in Austria-Hungary (today in Hungary), Pinkas attended high school in Vienna, before studying at a yeshiva in Freiburg and law at the University of Vienna. He was involved in Zionist youth groups, and was one of the leaders of Young Mizrachi in Vienna and one of the founders", "id": "21797284" }, { "contents": "Berl Repetur\n\n\nBerl Repetur (, 1902 – 23 March 1989) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Ruzhyn in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Repetur was educated in a heder, and was a member of the Dror and HeHalutz youth movements. During the pogroms he helped to organize Jewish defense groups. In 1920, Repetur immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and joined Ahdut HaAvoda and the Haganah in Haifa. In 1922 he became a member of the Haifa Workers", "id": "3752928" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\n. Of the signatories, two were women (Golda Meir (Meyerson/Myerson) and Rachel Cohen-Kagan). When Herzl Rosenblum, a journalist, was called up to sign, Ben-Gurion instructed him to sign under the name Herzl Vardi, his pen name, as he wanted more Hebrew names on the document. Although Rosenblum acquiesced to Ben-Gurion's request and legally changed his name to Vardi, he later admitted to regretting not signing as Rosenblum. Several other signatories later Hebraised their names, including Meir", "id": "14832557" }, { "contents": "Avraham Granot\n\n\nAvraham Granot (, born Abraham Granovsky; 18 June 1890 – 5 July 1962) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Granot was born in Făleşti, Bessarabia in the Russian Empire (today Moldova). He attended Gymnasia Herzliya in Tel Aviv. In 1911, he traveled to Switzerland to study law and political economy at the University of Fribourg and University of Lausanne, graduating with a PhD in 1917. In 1919 he began working for the Jewish National Fund in The Hague", "id": "16446078" }, { "contents": "Nahum Nir\n\n\nNahum Nir-Rafalkes (, 17 March 1884 – 10 July 1968) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. He is the only Speaker of the Knesset not to have been a member of the ruling party. Nahum Rafalkes (later Nir-Rafalkes) was born in Warsaw, then part of the Russian Empire. He studied at a Heder in the city before studying natural sciences at university in Warsaw, Zurich and St Petersburg. He also studied law at St", "id": "19847052" }, { "contents": "Kalman Kahana\n\n\nKalman Kahana (, 31 May 1910, Brody, western Ukraine – 20 August 1991) was a long-serving Israeli politician and journalist, and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. He was the brother of Yitzhak Kahan, former President of the Supreme Court of Israel. Kalman was born in Galicia, an area of the Austro-Hungarian Empire now in modern-day Ukraine. He studied Philosophy, Semitic Languages, History and Pedagogy at Berlin University and Würzburg University, eventually gaining a PhD in Philosophy. He", "id": "20299685" }, { "contents": "Meir Vilner\n\n\nMeir Vilner (, born Ber Kovner; 23 October 1918 – 5 June 2003) was an Israeli communist politician and Jewish leader of the Communist Party of Israel (Maki), at one time a powerful force in the country. He was the youngest and longest surviving signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. Born in Vilnius, German-occupied Lithuania, Vilner's political life began as the leader of the Marxist-oriented socialist-Zionist group HaShomer HaTzair (\"Young Guard\"). However, he soon", "id": "2261876" }, { "contents": "Mordechai Bentov\n\n\nMordechai Bentov (, born Mordechai Gutgeld on 28 March 1900, died 18 January 1985) was an Israeli journalist and politician, and was one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Grodzisk Mazowiecki in the Russian Empire (now in Poland), Bentov studied law for two years at the University of Warsaw and was one of the founding members and leaders of Hashomer Hatzair in Poland. He immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1920, and continued studying law in Jerusalem. He had one younger sister, Shulamit Bat", "id": "9520233" }, { "contents": "Eliyahu Berligne\n\n\nEliyahu Berligne (, born 1866 died 25 February 1959) was a founder of Tel Aviv, an important member of the Yishuv in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in what is today Belarus in 1866, Berligne was an activist in Hovevei Zion and attended the First Zionist Congress. An opponent of the British Uganda Program, he visited Ottoman Palestine in 1905, and immigrated two years later, settling in Jaffa. After arriving, he founded an olive oil and soap factory in the Haifa and", "id": "9638866" }, { "contents": "Herzl Rosenblum\n\n\nHerzl Rosenblum (, also known as Herzl Vardi, 14 August 1903 – 1 February 1991) was an Israeli journalist and politician. A signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence, he worked as editor of Yedioth Ahronoth for more than 35 years. Born in Kaunas in the Russian Empire (today in Lithuania), Rosenblum moved to Vienna after experiencing anti-semitism and being prevented from studying law. In Vienna, he studied law and economics, gaining a PhD. He then moved to London, where he worked as an aide", "id": "10550468" }, { "contents": "Peretz Bernstein\n\n\nPeretz Bernstein (, born Shlomo Fritz Bernstein; 12 June 1890 – 21 March 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Bernstein was born in Meiningen in the German Empire. He moved to the Netherlands before World War I, where he worked in the grain trade. In 1917, he joined the Zionist Organisation, serving as secretary and board member. In 1925, he became editor-in-chief of a Zionist weekly, a role he held until", "id": "12705215" }, { "contents": "Moshe Kol\n\n\nMoshe Kol (, born Moshe Kolodny on 28 May 1911, died 7 July 1989) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Moshe Kolodny (later Kol) was born in Pinsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus). He studied at a heder and Hebrew high school in his home town, and was one of the founders of HaOved HaTzioni youth movement in Poland. He immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1932 and joined Kibbutz Hamefales in Kfar Saba, which", "id": "13783606" }, { "contents": "Meir David Loewenstein\n\n\nMeir David Loewenstein (, also spelt Levenstein or Levinstein; 1904 – 15 August 1995) was an Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Copenhagen in Denmark in 1904, Loewenstein studied at a business school in Switzerland and a rabbinical seminary in Amsterdam, Netherlands. During his youth he became involved in the European Agudat Yisrael youth movement, of which he later became chairman. After immigrating to Mandatory Palestine in 1934, he remained active in Agudat Yisrael. As a prominent member of the", "id": "3177493" }, { "contents": "Wolf Gold\n\n\nRabbi Wolf Gold (, Ze'ev Gold, born Zev Krawczynski on May 2, 1889, died 8 April 1956) was a rabbi, Jewish activist, and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence Born in Szczuczyn he was a descendant on his father's side from at least eight generations of rabbis. Gold's first teacher was his maternal grandfather, Rabbi Yehoshuah Goldwasser - a leader in Hovevei Zion. Later he studied at the Mir yeshiva under Rabbi Eliyahu Baruch Kamei. From there Gold moved on to study in", "id": "4496450" }, { "contents": "Mordechai Shatner\n\n\nMordechai Shatner (, 1904 – 1964) was a Zionist activist and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. A member of kibbutz Ein Harod, Shatner worked in Europe between the First and Second World Wars rescuing Jews, a period during which he met Adolf Eichmann. After the outbreak of World War II he worked for aliyah from England. After returning to Mandate Palestine, he joined the Vaad Leumi, working on national infrastructure. He campaigned against the treatment of Jewish prisoners held by the British, and was arrested during", "id": "14272760" }, { "contents": "Ralf Dahrendorf\n\n\nIsrael Fund, and is a signatory of the Independent Jewish Voices declaration, which is critical of Israeli policies towards the Palestinians. Ralf Dahrendorf's first two marriages ended in divorce. In 2004 he married Christiane Dahrendorf, a Medical Doctor from Cologne. Ralf Dahrendorf studied philosophy, classical philology, and sociology at Hamburg University between 1947 and 1952. After completing his doctorate in sociology at the London School of Economics in 1954, he returned to Germany where, from 1958, he held a succession of Chairs in Sociology, culminating in", "id": "8867539" }, { "contents": "Eliyahu Dobkin\n\n\nEliyahu Dobkin (, 31 December 1898 – 26 October 1976) was a leading figure of the Labor Zionism movement, a signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence and a founder of the Israel Museum. He was also active in the Jewish Agency and the World Zionist Organisation. Eliyahu Dobkin was born in Babruysk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus) to a religious-Zionist family. His father, Yosef, worked in the lumber and banking industries, and was a member of the Mizrahi movement. Dobkin was schooled in", "id": "11114056" }, { "contents": "Aharon Zisling\n\n\nAharon Zisling (, 26 February 1901 – 16 January 1964) was an Israeli politician and minister and a signatory of Israel's declaration of independence. Born in Minsk in the Russian Empire (now in Belarus), Zisling emigrated to Palestine in 1904. He was among the founders of Youth Aliyah. As a member of the Haganah command, Zisling participated in the founding of the Palmach; he was a founder of the Ahdut HaAvoda party, a Jewish Agency delegate to the UN and a member of the Zionist Executive Committee.", "id": "13941726" }, { "contents": "Rachel Katznelson-Shazar\n\n\nfunctions as a member of the Knesset, a government minister, a member of the Jewish Agency executive, and ultimately as President of Israel from 1963 to 1973. Katznelson's brothers were Avraham Katznelson (one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence), Joseph Katznelson (a companion of Ze'ev Jabotinsky and one of the Irgun's two Chiefs of Illegal Immigration) and Reuben Katznelson (a member of the Jewish Legion and Joseph Trumpeldor's sergeant and companion in the Battle of Gallipoli). Reuben Katznelson was the father of", "id": "9783107" }, { "contents": "United Tribes of New Zealand\n\n\nThierry planned to set up an independent state at Hokianga. The United Tribes declared their independence on 28 October 1835 with the signing of the Declaration of Independence. In 1836, the British Crown under King William IV recognized the United Tribes and its flag. Busby's efforts were entirely too successful: as the islands settled down, the British began to consider an outright annexation. By 1839, the Declaration of the United Tribes had 52 signatories from Northland and a few signatories from other parts, notably from the ariki of the Waikato", "id": "7852555" }, { "contents": "Avraham Katznelson\n\n\nDr Avraham Katznelson (, also known as Avraham Nissan, born 1888, died 18 May 1956) was a Zionist political figure in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Katznelson was born in 1888 in Babruysk in the Russian Empire, now in Belarus. A doctor and resident of Jerusalem, Katznelson was a member of the central committees of both Mapai and Hashomer Hatzair, representing the former in the Vaad Leumi and Moetzet HaAm, and also serving as director of the health department of the Zionist Executive.", "id": "11286516" }, { "contents": "Machon Gold\n\n\nMachon Gold was an Orthodox Jewish girl's seminary founded in 1958 by the Torah Education Department of the World Zionist Organization and named after Rabbi Wolf Gold, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. The school shutdown in 2008 due to financial considerations. (A Facebook message to alumna explains this.) Its former official website www.machongold.org is now a site to sell jewellery. It was one of the few Religious Zionist seminaries for English speakers in Israel. It was located in Jerusalem, in the old Katamon neighborhood.", "id": "19144295" }, { "contents": "Shmuel Tamir\n\n\n's maverick politics finally led him into a party of one after several coalitions with nationalist parties. Born in Jerusalem, Shmuel was the son of Reuven Katzenelson (a member of the Jewish Legion and Joseph Trumpeldor's sergeant and companion in the Battle of Gallipoli) and Batsheva Katznelson (a member of the Knesset). Two of his uncles were Joseph Katzenelson, a companion of Ze'ev Jabotinsky and one of the Irgun's two Chiefs of Illegal Immigration and Avraham Katznelson, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence, and", "id": "3679256" }, { "contents": "Zvi Lurie\n\n\nZvi Lurie (, 1 June, 1906 – 21 May 1968) was a Jewish political figure in Mandate Palestine. A member of the Jewish National Council, he was amongst the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Lurie was born in Łódź in the Russian Empire (today in Poland) and immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924. Lurie was a founder of kibbutz Ein Shemer and was a member of its affiliation organisation, Hashomer Hatzair, serving as its general secretary between 1935 and 1937. He was a member of the", "id": "6350576" }, { "contents": "Haredim and Zionism\n\n\nYitzhak-Meir Levin, was a signatory to the Israeli Declaration of Independence. He also served as Minister of Welfare, though today, members of Agudat Israel prefer to serve as Deputy Ministers, or in Knesset Committees. These groups do not observe any days associated with the state, and neither do they recite the Prayer for the State of Israel. Agudat's position evolved into one generally cooperative with the State of Israel, with an emphasis on supporting religious activities within its borders and the maintenance of Haredi institutions. Some rebbes", "id": "7592394" }, { "contents": "Ferit Vokopola\n\n\nFerid Bey Vokopola (18 August 1887 – 28 June 1969) was an Albanian politician, theologist, translator and a delegate of Lushnjë in the Assembly of Vlora held on 28 November 1912, and one of the 40 signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence. He was the youngest among the signatories of Independence and a delegate of Vlora. In 1920 was one of the organizers of the Congress of Lushnja. He was among the founders of the Madrasah of Tirana and collaborator of secular and religious press. He was the first to", "id": "19056278" }, { "contents": "United States Declaration of Independence\n\n\n-four delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and the others signed on or after August 2. Historians who reject a July 4 signing maintain that most delegates signed on August 2, and that those eventual signers who were not present added their names later. Two future U.S. presidents were among the signatories: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and the term", "id": "13293952" }, { "contents": "Zerach Warhaftig\n\n\nZerach Warhaftig (, , also Zorah Wahrhaftig; 2 February 1906 - 26 September 2002) was an Israeli lawyer and politician. He was a signatory of Israel's Declaration of Independence. Zerach Warhaftig was born in Volkovysk, in the Russian Empire (today Vawkavysk, Belarus) in 1906. His parents were Yerucham Warhaftig and Rivka Fainstein. In 1940 Warhaftig and his family travelled east from Lithuania to Japan. On 5 June 1941 the Warhaftigs left Yokohama on the Japanese ocean liner \"Hikawa Maru\" and on 17 June they landed", "id": "13338156" }, { "contents": "Haim-Moshe Shapira\n\n\nHaim-Moshe Shapira (, 26 March 1902 – 16 July 1970) was a key Israeli politician in the early days of the state's existence. A signatory of Israel's declaration of independence, he served continuously as a minister from the country's foundation in 1948 until his death in 1970 apart from a brief spell in the late 1950s. Haim-Moshe Shapira was born to Zalman Shapira and Rosa Krupnik in the Russian Empire in Grodno in what is today Belarus, Shapiro was educated in cheder and a yeshiva, where", "id": "16729010" }, { "contents": "Moshe Sharett\n\n\n's assassination squads on December 13, 1947, accusing them of playing to public feelings. Atrocities escalated, mainly upon Jews, but with reciprocal revenge killings; by the end of the war 6000 Palestinian Jews, 1% of the population, had died. Sharett held the foreign policy post under the Agency until the formation of Israel in 1948. Sharett was one of the signatories of Israel's Declaration of Independence. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, he was Foreign Minister for the Provisional Government of Israel. Yigal Allon", "id": "3160926" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\nThe Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that", "id": "14832533" }, { "contents": "United States Declaration of Independence\n\n\n, England. Named by its finders the \"Sussex Declaration\", it differs from the National Archives copy (which the finders refer to as the \"Matlack Declaration\") in that the signatures on it are not grouped by States. How it came to be in England is not yet known, but the finders believe that the randomness of the signatures points to an origin with signatory James Wilson, who had argued strongly that the Declaration was made not by the States but by the whole people. The Declaration was given little", "id": "13293968" }, { "contents": "George Read Jr.\n\n\nin New Castle, Delaware, United States. His father was George Read, a prominent lawyer and politician who would go on to sign both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. His mother was Gertrude Ross Read, the daughter of Rev. George Ross (the first rector of the Immanuel Episcopal Church on the Green) and the sister of lawyer George Ross, another future signatory to the Declaration. At the time of Read's birth, his father was serving as both the Crown Attorney General for the Delaware Colony as", "id": "9859572" }, { "contents": "Israeli passport\n\n\nPalestine passports ceased to be valid at the end of the British Mandate of Palestine on 15 May 1948. Israel began issuing travel documents in 1948, after the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. At first they were described merely as travel documents, with an initial validity of two years and used Hebrew and French texts. In 1952, the Knesset (Israeli parliament) passed the Israeli nationality law and Israel began issuing travel documents described as passports. The first passport was issued to Golda Meir, who at the time", "id": "15250950" }, { "contents": "Taushani family\n\n\nAbaz Pashë Dibra from mother's side) to lead the fight against the advancing troops. Were among the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of the City of Elbasan on November 25, 1912. In a telegram sent to Ismail Bey Vlora, the signatories declared that \"\"All the People of Elbasan, muslim and christian, in one voice, have accepted the Independence of Albania.\"\" (“I gjithe populli i Elbasanit, myslimane dhe te krishtere, me nje ze kane pranuar Indipendencen e Shqiperise”). An", "id": "11188086" }, { "contents": "Haitian Declaration of Independence\n\n\nunlike other revolutions of the time. The general post-independence autocratic tradition in Haiti differentiated it from most other Latin American societies that became republics following a revolution, with the exception of a select few that became monarchies. It was only after the assassination of emperor Dessalines in 1806, that the freed slaves - also signatories of the declaration - went on to establish Haiti's first republic. The Act of Independence was supposed to be held at the National Archives building in Port-au-Prince and it was there until the", "id": "18980602" }, { "contents": "Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence\n\n\nthat the randomness of the signatures points to an origin with signatory James Wilson, who had argued strongly that the Declaration was made not by the States but by the whole people. The finders identify the Sussex Declaration as a transcription of the Matlack Declaration, probably made between 1783 and 1790 and likely in New York City or possibly Philadelphia. They propose that the Sussex Declaration \"descended from the Matlack Declaration, and it (or a copy) served, before disappearing from view, as a source text for both the 1818 Tyler", "id": "1206848" }, { "contents": "Declaration of Conscience\n\n\nfull-fledged outbreak of the Korean War on June 25, 1950 had made it unlikely that Smith's views would prevail. The only signatory whose outrage remained undimmed was Wayne Morse, who eventually left the party, first becoming an independent, then a Democrat. Bernard Baruch stated that if a man had given the Declaration speech \"he would be the next President.\" The speech was listed as #41 in American Rhetoric's Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank). Although it would be another", "id": "11415208" }, { "contents": "John Rutledge\n\n\nJohn Rutledge (September 17, 1739 – July 23, 1800) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and also its second Chief Justice. Additionally, he served as the first President of South Carolina and, later, its first Governor after the Declaration of Independence. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Rutledge established a legal career after studying at Middle Temple in the City of London. He was the elder brother of Edward Rutledge, a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Rutledge served as a", "id": "20759562" }, { "contents": "Maryland in the American Revolution\n\n\nfinancial support during the Revolutionary War. Carroll was the only Roman Catholic to sign the Declaration of Independence, and until his death in 1832 he was its last living signatory. Samuel Chase (1741–1811), was a \"firebrand\" states-righter and revolutionary, and was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland. He co-founded Anne Arundel County's Sons of Liberty chapter with his close friend William Paca, and led opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act. Later he became an Associate", "id": "3407474" }, { "contents": "Hapoel Rehovot F.C.\n\n\nHapoel Rehovot () was an Israeli football club based in Rehovot. The club spent three seasons in the top division prior to the Israeli Declaration of Independence. In 1968, the club merged with Hapoel Marmorek. The Hapoel sport club in Rehovot was in existence in 1926, and the football section was opened 1933, as Hapoel Rehovot played their first match as a new team against Hapoel Jerusalem. Prior to the Israeli Declaration of Independence, the club played two seasons at the top flight, where they reached the tenth place at", "id": "1876805" }, { "contents": "Declaration of Arbroath\n\n\nitself is written in Latin. It uses the Latin versions of the signatories' titles, and in some cases the spelling of names has changed over the years. This list generally uses the titles of the signatories' Wikipedia biographies. In addition, the names of the following do not appear in the document's text, but their names are written on seal tags and their seals are present: US Senate Resolution 155 of 10 November 1997 states that the Declaration of Arbroath, the Scottish Declaration of Independence [sic], was", "id": "8320417" }, { "contents": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\n\n\nengrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and \"John Hancock\" emerged in the United States as an informal synonym for \"signature\". Future presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were among the signatories. Edward Rutledge (age 26) was the youngest signer and Benjamin Franklin (age 70) the oldest. Some delegates were away on business when the Declaration was debated, including William Hooper and Samuel Chase, but they were back", "id": "19809536" }, { "contents": "History of the Israel Defense Forces\n\n\nin the area allotted to the Arab state. David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. His first order was the formation of the IDF – The Israel Defense Forces. The IDF was based on the personnel who had served in the Haganah and the Palmach and was declared as the only legal armed force in Israel. Another main source of manpower were the immigrants from Europe. Some of them Holocaust survivors and others veterans from World War II. Following the declaration of independence in 1948, Arab", "id": "19421752" }, { "contents": "Wolverhampton\n\n\nlongest serving MP, Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman who was the first Lord Speaker within the House of Lords, former Cabinet minister Stephen Byers, Boris Johnson who briefly worked as a writer for the \"Express & Star\", David Wright, a former UK Ambassador to Japan and Button Gwinnett, who was a signatory of the US Declaration of Independence and briefly served as Governor of Georgia. There are many sportspeople associated with the city, with footballers such as Billy Wright, Steve Bull, Bert Williams and Jimmy Mullen; along", "id": "4498476" }, { "contents": "Shefqet Dajiu\n\n\nShefqet bej Dajiu was one of the signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912. He was the second secretary of the Congress of Vlora, when independence was declared. He was later named as prefect of Fieri, a post he held until the First World War. During the next years he did not take part in politics, and was shown again during World War II, this time as a collaborator of the Axis. He was killed in 1946, by the communist regime, for his collaborative activity. \"History", "id": "19056320" }, { "contents": "Maryland State House\n\n\nwith rust and black, Maryland's official colors. Two famous Marylanders are featured in statues flanking the podium: John Hanson, the first president by the Articles of Confederation, and Charles Carroll, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Four portraits of Declaration of Independence signatories for Maryland hang on the walls: William Paca, Thomas Stone, Samuel Chase, and Charles Carroll. There are also portraits of Edwin Warfield and John Walter Smith. The House of Delegates chamber is also in the new wing to the building", "id": "4536510" }, { "contents": "William A. Wellman\n\n\nthe signatories to the Declaration of Independence. Wellman's much-beloved mother, Cecilia McCarthy, was an Irish immigrant. Wellman was expelled from Newton High School in Newtonville, Massachusetts, for dropping a stink bomb on the principal's head. His mother was a probation officer who was asked to address Congress on the subject of juvenile delinquency. Wellman worked as a salesman and then at a lumber yard, before ending up playing professional ice hockey, which is where he was first seen by Douglas Fairbanks, who suggested that with", "id": "8980843" }, { "contents": "Behgjet Pacolli\n\n\nBehgjet Isa Pacolli (born 30 August 1951; ) is a Kosovo politician who is serving as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Pacolli is a former President of the Republic of Kosovo, and previously served as the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo between 2011 and 2014. Pacolli was one of the signatories of 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. He is the major shareholder of Mabetex Group, a Swiss-based construction and civil-engineering company. Pacolli is also the President of", "id": "4537370" }, { "contents": "Rhode Island Supreme Court\n\n\nfirst Chief Justice, Gideon Cornell, who was a judge, farmer, and merchant, and the second, Joshua Babcock, a Yale-educated physician. Stephen Hopkins, later signatory of the Declaration of Independence, served as the third Chief Justice from 1747 to 1755. In 1798, the General Assembly renamed the Court the \"Supreme Judicial Court,\" and in 1843, the \"Supreme Court.\" The first officially recorded decision was \"Stoddard v. Martin\", 1 R.I. 1 (1828), a case involving", "id": "9139320" }, { "contents": "George Wythe\n\n\nGeorge Wythe (;December 3, 1726 – June 8, 1806) was the first American law professor, a noted classics scholar, and a Virginia judge. The first of the seven Virginia signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence, Wythe served as one of Virginia's representatives to the Continental Congress and the Philadelphia Convention. Wythe taught and was a mentor to Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, Henry Clay and other men who became American leaders. Born into a wealthy Virginia planter family, Wythe established a legal career in", "id": "17715443" }, { "contents": "Disease theory of alcoholism\n\n\na disease, or medical condition. Others point to American physician Benjamin Rush (1745–1813), a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence — who understood drunkenness to be what we would now call a \"loss of control\" — as possibly the first to use the term \"addiction\" in this sort of meaning. Rush argued that \"habitual drunkenness should be regarded not as a bad habit but as a disease\", describing it as \"a palsy of the will\". Rush expounded his views in a book", "id": "19750802" }, { "contents": "John Carroll (bishop)\n\n\ntoday.) Also attending St. Omer with him was his cousin Charles, who was to become the only Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence, and the first United States Senator (1789) from Maryland. Carroll joined the Society of Jesus (the \"Jesuits\") as a postulant at the age of 18 in 1753. In 1755, he began his studies of philosophy and theology at Liège. After fourteen years, he was ordained to the diaconate and later the priesthood in 1761. Carroll was formally professed as a", "id": "1440645" }, { "contents": "Button Gwinnett\n\n\nButton Gwinnett (1735 – May 19, 1777) was a British-born American founding father who, as a representative of Georgia to the Continental Congress, was one of the signatories (first signature on the left) on the United States Declaration of Independence. He was also, briefly, the provisional president of Georgia in 1777, and Gwinnett County (now a major suburb of metropolitan Atlanta) was named for him. Gwinnett was killed in a duel by rival Lachlan McIntosh following a dispute after a failed invasion of East", "id": "17589068" }, { "contents": "Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence\n\n\nThe Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence is a memorial depicting the signatures of the original 56 signatories to the United States Declaration of Independence. It is located in the Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The memorial is accessible to the public by crossing a wooden bridge onto a small island set in the lake between Constitution Avenue and the Reflecting Pool, not far from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Public Law 95-260 was passed by Congress in 1978 to create a memorial to the signers of", "id": "3526655" }, { "contents": "2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers\n\n\nadolescents, it is \"a rite of passage, a way of life, a declaration of independence and of ownership of the land\". Retired Brigadier General, Nitzan Nuriel, a former counter-terrorism officer in the Prime Minister's Office, declared on Israeli television that hitchhiking had an ideological edge: it made a statement about who owns the territory. An Israeli government official stated to \"Reuters\" news agency that Israel was looking to use the search as a pretext for a wider crackdown on Hamas and were looking into", "id": "5604426" }, { "contents": "History of Brown University\n\n\n, Brown University served as an encampment site for French troops, and the College Edifice, now University Hall, was turned into a military hospital. Other founders of Brown who played significant roles in the American revolutionary effort included John Brown in the Gaspee Affair, Chief Justice Dr. Joshua Babcock as major general in the state militia and William Ellery as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence. James Mitchell Varnum, who graduated with honors in Brown's first graduating class of 1769, served as one of General George Washington's Continental Army", "id": "7001111" }, { "contents": "Province of New York\n\n\nClinton was inaugurated as the first Governor of New York at Kingston. On July 9, 1778, the State of New York signed the Articles of Confederation and officially became a part of the government of the United States of America, though it had been a part of the nation since it was declared in 1776 with signatories from New York. The province was the scene of the largest battle of the entire war, and the first after the Declaration of Independence was signed. The British recaptured the city in September 1776 in the", "id": "15902970" }, { "contents": "Chase–Lloyd House\n\n\nThe Chase–Lloyd House is a historic house at 22 Maryland Avenue in Annapolis, Maryland. Built in 1769-1774, it is one of the first brick three-story Georgian mansions to be built in the Thirteen Colonies, and is one of the finest examples of the style. Its interiors were designed by William Buckland. Its construction was started for Samuel Chase, who would later be a signatory to the Declaration of Independence and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, but Chase sold the building unfinished to Edward Lloyd IV", "id": "19284480" }, { "contents": "Ivana Bacik\n\n\nIn September 2006, Bacik was one of the 61 Irish academic signatories of a letter published in \"The Irish Times\" calling for an academic boycott of the state of Israel. In January 2009, she declared that she wants Ireland to break off diplomatic relations with Israel and in February 2009 called for a general boycott of Israeli goods. In June 2009, Bacik was the Labour Party candidate for the Dublin Central by-election she came in third with 17% of the first preference votes. She joined the Labour Party group", "id": "13891292" }, { "contents": "Iain Banks\n\n\nsignatory to the Declaration of Calton Hill, he was an open supporter of Scottish independence. In November 2012, Banks supported the campaign group that emerged from the Radical Independence Conference that was held during that month. Banks explained that the Scottish independence movement was motivated by co-operation and \"just seem to be more communitarian than the consensus expressed by the UK population as a whole\". In late 2004, Banks was a member of a group of British politicians and media figures who campaigned to have Prime Minister Tony Blair impeached", "id": "14952588" }, { "contents": "Williams Carter Wickham\n\n\nHis paternal grandfather was John Wickham, the constitutional lawyer. On his mother's side, he descended from historic roots, as the Nelson and Carter families were each First Families of Virginia, prominent in the Virginia Colony. Wickham's great-grandfather, Gen. Thomas Nelson, Jr., was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence and a governor of Virginia during the American Revolutionary War. Other ancestors include Thomas \"Scotch Tom\" Nelson who was one of the founders of Yorktown in the late 17th century. He was", "id": "11699361" }, { "contents": "Jewish Defense League\n\n\n\" The group also attacked Israeli authorities for alleged softness in fighting the Soviet Union on the issue of Jewish rights. One of the signatories, Dov Sperling, claimed that the recent cancellation of the Bolshoi Ballet's scheduled American tour was forced by the JDL and hailed it as the first public surrender by Soviet authorities to Jewish pressure. Herut leader Menachem Begin also declared support of acts of harassment against Soviet diplomatic establishments abroad. On January 19, twenty JDL members had conducted a half-hour sit-in at the offices of", "id": "16599592" }, { "contents": "Israeli Declaration of Independence\n\n\nas the first transmission of the new radio station Kol Yisrael. The final draft of the declaration was typed at the Jewish National Fund building following its approval earlier in the day. Ze'ev Sherf, who stayed at the building in order to deliver the text, had forgotten to arrange transport for himself. Ultimately, he had to flag down a passing car and ask the driver (who was driving a borrowed car without a license) to take him to the ceremony. Sherf's request was initially refused but he managed to persuade", "id": "14832552" }, { "contents": "Saadia Kobashi\n\n\nSaadia Kobashi (; , 1904–1990) was a leader of the Yemenite Jewish community in Israel, and one of the signatories of the country's declaration of independence. Born in Yemen, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1909, settling in Jerusalem. A member of the Jewish National Council and Moetzet HaAm on behalf of the Yemenite Association, he signed the declaration of independence in 1948 as \"S. Kobashi\", adding \"HaLevi\" at the end (referring to the tribe of Levi). After independence, he moved to Tel", "id": "8316574" }, { "contents": "Albanian Declaration of Independence\n\n\nthey set up a provisional government. The complete text of the declaration, composed in Albanian, partially in Gheg and Tosk and Ottoman Turkish, was: Below is the list of the forty signatories as published by newspaper Perlindja e Shqipëniës. The original act of the Declaration of Independence was written on two pages. On the front page, there are a total of 34 recognizable signatures and on the back page are found 6 more signatures. Under these circumstances, delegates from all over Albania were gathered in the Assembly of Vlorë (", "id": "21883957" }, { "contents": "1949–51 Israel State Cup\n\n\nThe 1949-51 Israel State Cup (, \"Gvia HaMedina\") was to be the sixteenth season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition, the first after independence of Israel. However, the competition was never completed. As the 1948 Arab-Israeli War was fought, starting from the declaration of independence of Israel in May 1948, most civilian operations, including those of the Israeli Football Association were suspended, and only in early 1949, as the military activities dwindled, the IFA resumed operation. As Israel", "id": "12860005" }, { "contents": "Communism\n\n\nAlbania also became an independent Marxist–Leninist state after World War II. Communism was seen as a rival of and a threat to western capitalism for most of the 20th century. The Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26, 1991. It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States, although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do", "id": "12084414" }, { "contents": "History of Guatemala\n\n\nSpanish finally conquered Nojpetén, capital of the Itzá Maya, and Zacpetén, capital of the Kowoj Maya. In 1821, Fernando VII's power in Spain was weakened by French invasions and other conflicts, and Mexico declared the Plan de Iguala; this led Mariano Aycinena y Piñol and other criollos to demand the weak Captain General Gabino Gaínza to declare Guatemala and the rest of Central America as an independent entity. Aycinena y Piñol was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of Central America from the Spanish Empire, and then", "id": "11807135" }, { "contents": "Salih Gjuka\n\n\nSalih Gjuka (1876-1925) was an Albanian teacher and activist of the Albanian National Awakening. The first teacher of Albanian in the Ottoman gymnasium of Uskub, in 1912 he became one of the signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence and member of the assembly of the Independent Albania as representative of Peć. During its session held on 4 December 1912 the Assembly of Vlorë elected Gjuka to be a member of the Senate of Albania. In 1913 he served as the head of the education department of the district of Berat,", "id": "19056433" }, { "contents": "International recognition of Israel\n\n\nThe international recognition of Israel refers to the diplomatic recognition of the State of Israel, which was established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. Israel's sovereignty is disputed by some countries due to the Arab–Israeli conflict. As of December 2018, 163 of the 193 UN member states recognize Israel. On 14 May 1948 the State of Israel was established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The Arab League and Arab countries were opposed to any partition of Palestine and to the establishment of Israel, and took", "id": "340352" }, { "contents": "Aleksandar Novaković\n\n\nje mnogo bliža našoj strani). Novaković is an active member of Serbian DiEM25. He is one of the signatories of a petition in support of the former director of the National Library of Serbia, who was removed from office in 2012 because of political reasons. Among the signatories were personalities such as Filip David, Nenad Prokić, Mirko Đorđević and Biljana Srbljanović. The writer is also signatory of the declaration of the project \"languages and nationalisms\". The declaration is against political separation of four Serbo-Croatian standard variants that", "id": "17649726" }, { "contents": "Signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania\n\n\nThe signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania were the twenty Lithuanian men who signed the Act of Independence of Lithuania on February 16, 1918. The signatories were elected to the Council of Lithuania by the Vilnius Conference in September 1917 and entrusted with the mission of establishing an independent Lithuanian state. The proclaimed independence was established only in late 1918, after Germany lost World War I and its troops retreated from Lithuanian territory. What followed was a long process of building the state, determining its borders, and gaining international diplomatic recognition", "id": "22006829" }, { "contents": "Israeli disengagement from Gaza\n\n\nKissufim crossing was shut down, and the Gaza Strip became officially closed for entrance by Israelis. The evacuation by agreement continued after midnight of the August 17 for settlers who requested a time extension for packing their things. The Gush Katif Municipal Council threatened to unilaterally declare independence, citing the Gaza Strip's internationally disputed status and Halacha as a foundation. Meanwhile, on August 14, Aryeh Yitzhaki proclaimed the independence of Shirat HaYam as \"The Independent Jewish Authority in Gaza Beach\", and submitted appeals for recognition to the United Nations", "id": "18557888" }, { "contents": "Yitzhak Shamir\n\n\nhe entered Israel after the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. During the Israeli War of Independence, most of Lehi's members joined the newly formed Israel Defense Forces. Lehi formally disbanded on May 29, 1948. However, the Lehi group in Jerusalem continued to function independently, outside government control. During a UN-imposed truce, Shamir, Eldad, and Yellin-Mor authorized the assassination of the United Nations representative in the Middle East, Count Folke Bernadotte, who was killed in September 1948, when Lehi gunmen ambushed", "id": "5936170" }, { "contents": "Lithuanian Partisans Declaration of February 16, 1949\n\n\nas an official act of the Republic of Lithuania and Žemaitis as a President of Lithuania. In 2010, eight partisans, who had signed the Declaration, were awarded with status of signatories. The status (posthumously) was awarded to Bartkus, Grigonis, Grybinas, Gužas, Liesis, Ramanauskas, Šibaila and Žemaitis. On November 22, 2010, a monument was unveiled in Minaičiai to honor the Declaration and its signatories (author – sculptor Jonas Jagėla). The barn and the bunker, where the Declaration had been signed,", "id": "9546732" }, { "contents": "George Clymer\n\n\nGeorge Clymer (March 16, 1739 – January 23, 1813) was an American politician and Founding Father of the United States. He was one of the first Patriots to advocate complete independence from Britain. As a Pennsylvania representative, Clymer was, along with five others, a signatory of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He attended the Continental Congress, and served in political office until the end of his life. Clymer was born in Philadelphia on 16 March 1739. Orphaned when only a year old,", "id": "17588996" }, { "contents": "Gerald Carroll\n\n\n-Irish Carroll family who have been prominent in American politics and one of whom was the sole Catholic signatory to the American Declaration of Independence. Carroll was educated at the independent Ipswich School. Carroll took control of the family business in the late 1970s but claimed in an interview with Sky News to be self-made. He launched a bid for quoted car dealership Frank G. Gates in 1985 but specialised in spotting property development sites and obtaining planning permission for them. In 1995, Carroll was made bankrupt after the failure of the", "id": "16298959" }, { "contents": "1948 Arab–Israeli War\n\n\nThe 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War and the War of Independence in Israel, was fought between the newly declared Israeli state and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of former British Palestine, forming the second and final stage of the 1947–49 Palestine war. The first deaths of the 1947–49 Palestine war occurred on November 30, 1947 during an ambush of two buses carrying Jews. There had been tension and conflict between the Arabs and the Jews, and between each of them", "id": "15948975" }, { "contents": "International law and the Gaza War\n\n\nthe United Nations calling for a \"prompt, independent and impartial investigation [that] would provide a public record of gross violations of international humanitarian law committed.\" The letter stated that the signatories had been \"shocked to the core\" by the damage inflicted during the Israeli offensive. In response to criticism of using disproportionate force, OC Southern Command Maj.-Gen. Yoav Galant said, \"800 terrorists and 300 civilians, who we did not want to harm, were killed ... This ratio of almost a quarter [of the individuals", "id": "9616020" }, { "contents": "David Ben-Gurion\n\n\nbefore the state was declared. In this position, Ben-Gurion played a major role in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War When the IDF archives and others were opened in the late 1980s, scholars started to reconsider the events and the role of Ben-Gurion. On 14 May 1948, on the last day of the British Mandate, Ben-Gurion declared the independence of the state of Israel. In the Israeli declaration of independence, he stated that the new nation would \"uphold the full social and political equality of", "id": "18844067" } ]

[ { "contents": "William Odling\n\n\nWilliam Odling, FRS (5 September 1829 in Southwark, London – 17 February 1921 in Oxford) was an English chemist who contributed to the development of the periodic table. In the 1860s Odling, like many chemists, was working towards classifying the elements, an effort that would eventually lead to the periodic table of elements. He was intrigued by atomic weights and the periodic occurrence of chemical properties. William Odling and Lothar Meyer drew up tables similar, but with improvements on, Dmitri Mendeleev's original table. Odling drew up", "id": "18442222" }, { "contents": "Cherokee, California\n\n\nside near Table Mountain. In 1849 Cherokee came from Oklahoma. Welsh miners came in the 1850s, naming the town after the Cherokee and constructing many buildings in town. Thomas Edison owned one of the mines which sprung up in the area, and he saw to it that the mines were electrified to ease the work. The town prospered during the mining period, and Butte County's first homes with running water were built in Cherokee. In 1880 President Rutherford B. Hayes, his wife Lucy, Civil War General William T. Sherman", "id": "18561455" }, { "contents": "The Disappearing Spoon\n\n\ncame up with bombs using cobalt capable of annihilating humanity and also explains the deal between the US and Soviet governments to lose any nuclear war. \"Competitive elements: Extending the table, expanding the cold war\" This chapter mostly emphasized the discoveries of the last elements in the periodic table. Glenn Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso with join efforts worked at UC Berkeley and found at least one-sixth of the elements on the table, the most elements than anyone else in history. Discovering elements involved many experiments where one little mistake could", "id": "21893883" }, { "contents": "Ogden tables\n\n\nuse Table 1 (for males) or Table 2 (for females) and use the data in the 2.5% column. So for a 50-year-old male, using Table 1 you would look down to first column to find 50 and then across to the 2.5% column which gives a figure of 22.69. If the claimant needs to pay for something in the future, then the present value can be worked out using Table 27. Look up the period in the future in the first column and then across to the", "id": "7759315" }, { "contents": "Sands Cotai Central\n\n\nto the global economic crisis. During this period, work on the project came to a complete stop and it was therefore quite a challenge to restart the project. Staff had to be recruited and contractors engaged. Over 130 contractors were involved in the project. The imported labour quota restrictions have also been challenging.\" The number of gaming tables at the resort was a thorny issue as well since the local government imposed a cap on tables until 2013. The company said in early August 2011 that Sands Cotai Central would have up", "id": "6926836" }, { "contents": "The Disappearing Spoon\n\n\nGenealogy of elements\" The author examines and his history. Bunsen had passion for arsenic but an explosion left him half-blind for the rest of his life and because of this he created the Bunsen burner. He discusses many people who contributed to the periodic table, including , the man accredited for creating the first periodic table. Mendeleev predicted other elements that were yet discovered. He put the 62 known elements into columns and rows but he wasn't the only scientist to attempt this. also worked on his own periodic table", "id": "21893876" }, { "contents": "Los Naranjos, Honduras\n\n\nFrom 1967 to 1969, archaeologists Claude F. Baudez and Pierre Becquelin periodically excavated the region. The two published the work \"Archeologie de Los Naranjos\" as a field guide for their findings. The work was written in French and an English translation is not readily available. The book includes both pictures of artifacts and tables that explain periods and locations of uncovered antiquities. They found sherds of ceramic vessels that came from four different periods, suggesting prolonged use of the site. They used four phases from which the artifacts they discovered came", "id": "14421219" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nan expanded version of his (Meyer's) table of 1864. They both constructed their tables by listing the elements in rows or columns in order of atomic weight and starting a new row or column when the characteristics of the elements began to repeat. The recognition and acceptance afforded to Mendeleev's table came from two decisions he made. The first was to leave gaps in the table when it seemed that the corresponding element had not yet been discovered. Mendeleev was not the first chemist to do so, but he was the", "id": "3472872" }, { "contents": "Solunar theory\n\n\nto each other may be the determining factor. In addition to the time of moon up (moonrise) - moon down, his research determined that there were intermediate times of the day that occurred in between the two major periods. From that he establishes that there were major periods (moon up - moon down) and minor periods. Knight published the first Solunar table in 1936. Solunar tables are tables that fishermen and hunters use to determine the best days of the month and times of the day for catching fish and hunting", "id": "14634649" }, { "contents": "Extended periodic table\n\n\nbeyond the seven-period periodic table, an additional eighth period containing these elements was first proposed by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. This model continued the pattern in established elements and introduced a new g-block and superactinide series beginning at element 121, raising the number of elements in period 8 compared to known periods. These early calculations failed to consider relativistic effects that break down periodic trends and render simple extrapolation impossible, however. In 1971, Fricke calculated the periodic table up to \"Z\" = 172, and discovered", "id": "19154577" }, { "contents": "The Disappearing Spoon\n\n\nelements\": Sam Kean begins this book by explaining the basics of the periodic table and how it works. He explains the set-up of the table and why it is modified the way it is. He emphasizes the importance of its organization and the reasons as to why it must be this way. He discusses how the periodic table would not function if it were not for the layout. He states that an elements position describes its function and strength. He describes the table of elements as a castle and the elements", "id": "21893871" }, { "contents": "Henry D. Hubbard\n\n\nHenry D. Hubbard (1870-1943) was a member of the U.S. Bureau of Standards in the 1920s. He modernized Mendeleev's periodic table and in 1924 he produced a Periodic Table of Elements (called the Periodic Chart of the Atoms) which was distributed to schools and universities. This version of the periodic table placed the main groups in columns with some later groups taking up two rows per period and the Group VIIIB transition metals displayed out to the right of the noble gases. The noble gases themselves were shown first in", "id": "4813708" }, { "contents": "History of the periodic table\n\n\nit contained an early version of the periodic table containing 28 elements, classified elements into six families by their valence—for the first time, elements had been grouped according to their valence. Works on organizing the elements by atomic weight until then had been stymied by inaccurate measurements of the atomic weights. In 1868, he revised his table, but this draft table was published only after his death. In a paper dated December 1869 which appeared early in 1870, Meyer published a new periodic table of 55 elements, in which", "id": "22081051" }, { "contents": "History of the periodic table\n\n\nthe series of periods are properly ended by an element of the alkaline earth metal group. The paper also included a line chart of relative atomic volumes, which illustrated periodic relationships of physical characteristics of the elements, and which assisted Meyer in deciding where elements should appear in his periodic table. By this time he had already seen the publication of Mendeleev's first periodic table, but his work appears to have been largely independent. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass, corresponding to relative molar mass. It is", "id": "22081052" }, { "contents": "Hans Jørgen Uldall\n\n\ncompletion. This period also saw his collaboration with Louis Hjelmslev, which first was a study of the field they called \"phonematics\", but which developed to become part of Hjelmslev's glossematic theory. Hjelmslevs student, Eli Fischer-Jørgensen, later recalled their process of collaboration as organic to the degree that they were not always sure who had come up with which ideas. During this period he also collaborated with Danish linguist Otto Jespersen on a work on English phonology, which however name came to completion. This period also saw", "id": "9528398" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Birmingham City F.C. season\n\n\nequalised from distance in the 80th minute, then Beausejour intercepted a pass and fed Chris Wood who finished neatly with two minutes of normal time remaining. However, in stoppage time, Myhill could only parry Sordell's shot up in the air, and former Birmingham defender Martin Taylor was first to the ball as it came down. Myhill made two early saves against Millwall before Wood's first senior hat-trick, courtesy of Beausejour and Burke crosses and hard work by Rooney, took Birmingham into mid-table. Marlon King made", "id": "16094384" }, { "contents": "1987 New Zealand National Soccer League\n\n\nmanaged to turn their form around enough to finish comfortably in mid table. Manurewa looked on the cards to repeat the poor form which saw them at the foot of the 1986 league table, with seven straight losses in the first part of the season. The second half of the campaign saw enough of an improvement for them to limp up to tenth place and safety. Below them came Nelson United, who also barely survived. They were rooted to the table's foot until two-thirds of the way through the season.", "id": "11749110" }, { "contents": "Touchpress\n\n\nGray, Max Whitby, John Cromie, Stephen Wolfram and others shortly after the announcement of the launch of the iPad. The first published app was \"The Elements,\" a continuation of the founders' work together on a coffee table book about the periodic table, which they followed up in 2014 with \"Molecules\", allowing users to touch and discover the basic building blocks of the world. Touchpress creates \"living books.\" Their apps feature many interactive elements and seek to engage readers with a deeper understanding of the", "id": "19357065" }, { "contents": "St Augustine's Roman Catholic High School, Billington\n\n\nPupils must select more courses in order to fill the time table. Each non-core subject takes up 2 periods per week on the time table. There are many different subjects taught at St Augustine's. In year 9, options are taken for pupils to choose their own subjects. All subjects are taken in years 7-9. At GCSE level, pupils can also have 'study periods', which are free periods to catch up on work. Also year 8 now take options they choose one subject (music", "id": "4126549" }, { "contents": "Charles Babbage\n\n\nAmpère's force law. Babbage purchased the actuarial tables of George Barrett, who died in 1821 leaving unpublished work, and surveyed the field in 1826 in \"Comparative View of the Various Institutions for the Assurance of Lives\". This interest followed a project to set up an insurance company, prompted by Francis Baily and mooted in 1824, but not carried out. Babbage did calculate actuarial tables for that scheme, using Equitable Society mortality data from 1762 onwards. During this whole period Babbage depended awkwardly on his father's support,", "id": "5776676" }, { "contents": "Gilbert N. Lewis\n\n\nprinciples into the chemistry curriculum and reformed chemical thermodynamics in a mathematically rigorous manner accessible to ordinary chemists. He began measuring the free energy values related to several chemical processes, both organic and inorganic. In 1916, he also proposed his theory of bonding and added information about electrons in the periodic table of the chemical elements. In 1933, he started his research on isotope separation. Lewis worked with hydrogen and managed to purify a sample of heavy water. He then came up with his theory of acids and bases, and did", "id": "12768718" }, { "contents": "History of chemistry\n\n\nfound that, when all the known chemical elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, the resulting table displayed a recurring pattern, or periodicity, of properties within groups of elements. Mendeleev's law allowed him to build up a systematic periodic table of all the 66 elements then known based on atomic mass, which he published in \"Principles of Chemistry\" in 1869. His first Periodic Table was compiled on the basis of arranging the elements in ascending order of atomic weight and grouping them by similarity of properties. Mendeleev", "id": "1136100" }, { "contents": "Toilet service\n\n\nwas normally the personal property of the wife. The morning levée was sometimes a semi-public occasion for great persons in the early modern period, and the toilet service might be seen by many people. The word toilet comes from the French \"toile\" meaning cloth, and \"toilette\" (\"little cloth\") first came to mean the morning routine of washing, tidying hair, and shaving and making up as appropriate, from the cloth often spread on the dressing-table where this was done. This meaning", "id": "3620426" }, { "contents": "Ogden tables\n\n\n2.5% column for the multiplier. For example, a purchase required in 10 years time would need to multiplier by 0.7812. If the claimant has a recurring loss over a period of say 15 years, then use Table 28 looking up 15 in the first column and then across to the 2.5% column which gives a multiplier of 12.54. If the loss does not start until some time in the future, then you can combine Table 27 and Table 28 to give an overall multiplier. For example a loss over a period", "id": "7759316" }, { "contents": "Caribbean Court of Justice\n\n\nTobago, the seat of the Court. The birth of the CCJ came after a long and arduous period of planning. In March 1970, the Organisation of Commonwealth Caribbean Bar Associations (OCCBA) first raised the issue of the need to replace the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as the court of last resort for the Commonwealth Caribbean by a regional court of appeal. Again in Jamaica, in April 1970, at the Sixth Commonwealth Caribbean Heads of Government, the Jamaican delegation tabled a proposal on setting up a regional Court of", "id": "19717217" }, { "contents": "Andreas von Antropoff\n\n\n's nucleus in a satisfying balance\" compared to most other contemporary tables. In addition he placed the theoretical \"Element zero\", which had \"been a matter of conjecture for nearly a century\" atop his periodic table and called it Neutronium. His periodic table was in widespread use in German schools until 1945 and soon disappeared after von Antropoff's Nazi affiliations came to light. Linus Pauling copied Antropoff's periodic table design in his 1949 book \"General Chemistry\" and used it also in other editions of \"The Chemical Bond", "id": "14811518" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nhis discoveries five years after they credited Mendeleev. In 1867, Gustavus Hinrichs, a Danish born academic chemist based in America, published a spiral periodic system based on atomic spectra and weights, and chemical similarities. His work was regarded as idiosyncratic, ostentatious and labyrinthine and this may have militated against its recognition and acceptance. Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev and German chemist Julius Lothar Meyer independently published their periodic tables in 1869 and 1870, respectively. Mendeleev's table, dated , was his first published version. That of Meyer was", "id": "3472871" }, { "contents": "Sam Ormerod\n\n\nan attack spearheaded by Billie Gillespie and Billy Meredith. Gillespie was an Ormerod signing, who came to the club from Lincoln City in 1897. A third-place finish was achieved in 1898, and in 1898–99 Ormerod's City won the Second Division championship, earning automatic promotion to the First Division, the highest level of English football. This was the first time the Manchester club had achieved promotion. City's debut season in the top flight resulted in a comfortable finish in the upper mid-table, and this successful period", "id": "13487223" }, { "contents": "Federation of International Sports Table Football\n\n\ngolden goal' had to be scored in a 1x10min period. If no winner came up, the 5 shot system was used. The 5 shot system is practically the penalty shooting in real football/soccer. The Editions 1969/70 and 1970/71 were cancelled due to the fact that the Netherlands were not interested to participate at the ETF Nations Cup. On the weekend of 7 & 8 September 1985 (Season 85/86), SPA (Belgium), the first \"Club Team Europa Cup\" was played (official and approved by FISA", "id": "18339167" }, { "contents": "John Wilkinson (Franklin automobile)\n\n\nboard in front of him, sat John Wilkinson and the bookkeeper, the stenographer and others were at desks and tables, here and there. Back in the original machine shop were two mechanics. These two men were building the first car. For two months they had worked shaping up this part and shaping up that, until the day came when they had a complete car.\" Later, Brown and Franklin was absorbed by the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company. The company's first home was a four story building at the", "id": "5095474" }, { "contents": "Moseley's law\n\n\nor place in the periodic table. This position in the table was not known to have any physical significance up to that time, except as a way to order elements in a particular sequence so that their chemical properties would match up. The ordering of atoms in the periodic table did tend to be according to atomic \"weights\", but there were a few famous \"reversed\" cases where the periodic table demanded that an element with a higher atomic weight (such as cobalt at weight 58.9) nevertheless be placed at a", "id": "17723369" }, { "contents": "Extended periodic table\n\n\nAn extended periodic table theorizes about chemical elements beyond those currently known in the periodic table and proven up through oganesson, which completes the seventh period (row) in the periodic table at atomic number (\"Z\") 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the", "id": "19154566" }, { "contents": "Ogden tables\n\n\n14 are for loss of earnings up to various retirement ages. Tables 15 to 26 are for loss of pension from various retirement ages. Table 27 is for discounting for a time in the future and Table 28 is for a recurring loss over a period of time. To calculate life expectancy, you need to use Table 1 (for males) or Table 2 (for females) and use the data in the 0% column. So for a 45 year old female, using Table 2 you would look down the first", "id": "7759313" }, { "contents": "2016–17 Southampton F.C. season\n\n\nThe loss saw the Saints drop to tenth in the table. Southampton lost their fourth league game in a row on 14 January, after they were beaten 1–0 away to Burnley. The visitors came closest to opening the scoring in the first half through Dušan Tadić, whose shot was cleared off the line, and also enjoyed the majority of chances in the second period. However, it was the hosts who scored the only goal of the game through substitute Joey Barton, who scored a free kick in the 78th minute to send", "id": "17360138" }, { "contents": "Lê Phổ\n\n\ninto three distinct styles. The first style is from his period in Hanoi, and on to his first couple years in Paris. In works from this period we see depictions of the Vietnamese landscape of Le Pho's youth, paintings steeped with nostalgia and the historical magnificence of the country. Following this style came what is commonly known as Le Pho's Romanet period, named after the French gallery owner who became Le Pho's major promoter. This period would last until the 1960s. In 1963, Le Pho's work was", "id": "18939838" }, { "contents": "Harpsichord\n\n\nlegs and may be styled in the manner of other furniture of its place and period. Early Italian instruments, on the other hand, were so light in construction that they were treated rather like a violin: kept for storage in a protective outer case, and played after taking it out of its case and placing it on a table. Such tables were often quite high – until the late 18th century people usually played standing up. Eventually, harpsichords came to be built with just a single case, though an intermediate stage", "id": "14493731" }, { "contents": "Radomir Antić\n\n\nfuture Spanish internationals as well as eccentric Paraguayan goalie José Luis Chilavert who came to the club from Argentina's San Lorenzo the same summer Antić did. Antić's made his La Liga coaching debut on 4 September 1988 against Valencia, a 0–0 draw. The initial period was rough, with the club hovering in and around relegation zone, followed by a period of slight improvement, but still stuck in the lower half of the table. The sudden and somewhat unexpected breakthrough came during last eight league matches of the season as Antić's", "id": "18552937" }, { "contents": "History of chemistry\n\n\nChancourtois, who published the telluric helix, an early, three-dimensional version of the periodic table of the elements in 1862, John Newlands, who proposed the law of octaves (a precursor to the periodic law) in 1864, and Lothar Meyer, who developed an early version of the periodic table with 28 elements organized by valence in 1864. Mendeleev's table did not include any of the noble gases, however, which had not yet been discovered. Gradually the periodic law and table became the framework for a great", "id": "1136103" }, { "contents": "A.C.R. Messina\n\n\nfor the first time in their history; the winning goal was struck by Rafael in the third minute of injury time. Messina managed to stay clear of relegation throughout the whole season, and eventually finished in seventh place in the table, just a single place away from securing a UEFA Cup place. Also during this period, for the first time in the club's history, Messina players were called up to the Italian national football team: first was Alessandro Parisi in 2004, then Carmine Coppola in 2005 who was called up", "id": "10996971" }, { "contents": "Mit'a\n\n\nonly by the use of the \"mit'a\". All the people worked for the government for a certain period of time. This labor was free for the Inca Rule. During the Inca period, men were required to work 65 days in the field to provide food for his family. When someone's turn came, he joined the various works that used the \"mit'a\". A communal type of elemental provisions and needs was set up in order to care for the families of those who were absent in their Mita turn", "id": "11025393" }, { "contents": "Matt Perrins\n\n\n-up Chris Björin, it was the first time he had ever played no-limit deuce-to-seven draw lowball. He won the 784-entrant $5,000 No Limit Hold'em 2013 World Series of Poker Event 57, earning nearly $800,000. Among those he defeated at the final table was Matt Berkey, who was at his third final table of the 2013 series. The victory came on the last day before the 2013 Main Event began on 6 July. Online at Full Tilt Poker, where Perrins plays under the nickname", "id": "12336637" }, { "contents": "History of Western civilization\n\n\nPasteur and Joseph Lister made discoveries about bacteria and its effects on humans. Geologists at the time made discoveries indicating the world was far older than most believed it to be. Early batteries were invented and a telegraph system was also invented, allowing global communication. In 1869 Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published his Periodic table. The success of Mendeleev's table came from two decisions he made: The first was to leave gaps in the table when it seemed that the corresponding element had not yet been discovered. The second decision was to", "id": "4150114" }, { "contents": "Thomas Rowe Edmonds\n\n\ntheory, Edmonds took up observations of Richard Price, dividing life into three periods (childhood, \"manhood\" from age 12 to 55, and old age). He quantified mortality by using different geometric progressions in each period. His table became known as \"Edmonds's Mean Mortality\". He persisted into the 1860s with his piecewise approach, though by then with two periods, rather than the sigmoid curve model of Gompertz. But Edmonds came in for some rough handling for his continuing assertions of the independence of his model", "id": "2757722" }, { "contents": "1982 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nfirst overtime period, Snepsts attempted to clear the puck up the middle, but it was intercepted by Bossy, who completed his hat trick with two seconds left on the clock to win the game for the Islanders. In game two, the Canucks led 4–3 after two periods, but the Isles came back to win again. The series then shifted to Vancouver, where the Canucks were boosted by a boisterous, towel-waving Vancouver crowd and had a great first period, but failed to score on Billy Smith, who was", "id": "5438453" }, { "contents": "Alternative periodic tables\n\n\nusually labeled as group VIIIA. In the extended periodic table, suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969, yet unknown elements are included up to atomic number 168. Theoretical periods above regular period 7 are added. In the research field of superatoms, clusters of atoms have properties of single atoms of another element. It is suggested to extend the periodic table with a second layer to be occupied with these cluster compounds. The latest addition to this multi-story table is the aluminium cluster ion , which behaves like a multivalent germanium", "id": "13927872" }, { "contents": "Men at Work (1990 film)\n\n\nbrings down Potterdam. The original screenplay was tentatively titled \"Clear Intent\" and was written in the mid 1980s. Estevez came up with the idea while he was filming the 1985 movie \"St. Elmo's Fire\". \"I was living in a studio apartment in Santa Monica at the time, and I was up late one night sitting at the kitchen table working out some story ideas on my computer. All of a sudden, this trash truck came roaring down the alley under my window. It was 5 a.m. and", "id": "13899896" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nionization energies increase with the degree of ionization. For magnesium as an example, the first ionization energy is 738 kJ/mol and the second is 1450 kJ/mol. Electrons in the closer orbitals experience greater forces of electrostatic attraction; thus, their removal requires increasingly more energy. Ionization energy becomes greater up and to the right of the periodic table. Large jumps in the successive molar ionization energies occur when removing an electron from a noble gas (complete electron shell) configuration. For magnesium again, the first two molar", "id": "3472854" }, { "contents": "Hebrew astronomy\n\n\ntables from those of Al-Rakkam, Al-Battam, and Ibn al-Kammad. Joseph ibn Wakkar (1357) drew up tables of the period 720 (Heg.); while Mordecai Comtino and Mattathia Delacrut commented upon the Persian and Paris tables respectively; the latter were commented upon also by Farissol Botarel. Abraham ibn Ezra translated Al-Mattani's Canons of the Khwarizmi Tables, and in his introduction tells a remarkable story of a Jew in India who helped Jacob ben Tarik to translate the Indian astronomical tables according", "id": "13775384" }, { "contents": "Frank Swift\n\n\nperiod. Peter Doherty inspired the team to a 2–0 win, and City reached the top of the table. The unbeaten run continued until the end of the season, and City secured their first league championship with a 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday. City's third goal in this match came as the result of a long clearance by Swift, who was noted for the distance he could propel the ball. In contrast to the championship win, the 1937–38 season was one of disappointment. Manchester City achieved several high scoring wins,", "id": "20384815" }, { "contents": "Rick Steiner\n\n\nthree falls tables match at Bound for Glory. Team 3D won the first fall after performing the 3D on Rick through a table. However, Brother Ray would take the first loss for his team after Scott performed the frankensteiner on him through a table. The deciding fall came when Scott lifted Ray on his shoulders and Rick performed his signature diving bulldog on Ray through a table, securing the win for the Steiners. On January 29, 2008, Rick Steiner was released due to budget cuts, splitting up the brothers once again", "id": "17552986" }, { "contents": "Johann Helfrich von Müller\n\n\nJohann Helfrich von Müller (January 16, 1746 – 1830) was an engineer in the Hessian army who conceived the difference engine in 1786 (first written reference to the basic principles of a difference machine is dated to 1784), an idea that later evolved into modern computers. In 1784, he was responsible for an improved adding machine based on principles of Leibniz's stepped reckoner. Müller was demonstrably the first who came up with the idea of calculating mathematical tables automatically by a machine. To achieve this, he planned building", "id": "1951656" }, { "contents": "Elimination Chamber (2019)\n\n\n, SmackDown, and NXT. They were then confronted by Nia Jax and Tamina who wanted to be the first challengers. Jax then taunted Banks and stated that whenever Banks wins a title, she loses it in her first defense. Braun Strowman and Baron Corbin had a rematch in a tables match which Strowman won. New Intercontinental Champion Finn Bálor addressed his victory. Rush interrupted Bálor and was attacked from behind by previous champion Bobby Lashley. NXT call-up Ricochet came to Bálor's aid and he teamed up with Bálor in", "id": "21442936" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nSeaborg's colleagues advised him not to publish such a radical suggestion as it would most likely ruin his career. As Seaborg considered he did not then have a career to bring into disrepute, he published anyway. Seaborg's suggestion was found to be correct and he subsequently went on to win the 1951 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in synthesizing actinide elements. Although minute quantities of some transuranic elements occur naturally, they were all first discovered in laboratories. Their production has expanded the periodic table significantly, the first of these", "id": "3472880" }, { "contents": "History of Torquay\n\n\na canal to Newton Abbot at the same time as the harbour development, but nothing came of this. The entire cost of the work was estimated at roughly £27,000, a costly sum in the mid nineteenth century. During this period the first town plans for the area were drawn up for Palk and after a Grand Tour of Europe, Palk brought back from Italy architectural ideas which he incorporated into his villa designs. These designs were brought into fruition by \"\"the Maker of Torquay\"\", William Kitson, who", "id": "16591126" }, { "contents": "Ron Rose\n\n\nand made the final table trying to become the first senior to win the event twice, but came up short by finishing 6th at the final table out of a field of 1,184 opponents. In November 2002 the first season of the World Poker Tour (WPT) Rose finished 6th at the World Poker Finals in Foxwood CT. In 2003, Rose went on to win the World Poker Challenge event in Reno Nv., by defeating a final table including Paul \"X-22\" Magriel and T. J. Cloutier. However, Rose's", "id": "14188865" }, { "contents": "History of the periodic table\n\n\nordering had no element to match, and he left gaps on account of future discoveries of these elements, using the elements before and after those missing ones to predict their properties. In 1869, he finalized his first work and had it published. Mendeleev also sent it to a number of well-known chemists, including Meyer; this preceded Meyer's first comprehensive periodic table which he published a few months later, acknowledging Mendeleev's priority. Mendeleev continued to improve his ordering; in 1870, it gained a tabular shape,", "id": "22081054" }, { "contents": "Betty Thomas\n\n\nher professional surname from her marriage to Douglas Thomas. Thomas came to her entertainment career by a circuitous route. While working as an artist and school teacher she became a waitress at The Second City to earn extra cash for a trip abroad. While waiting tables Thomas was encouraged to try out for the troupe, and subsequently joined the company. She was praised for her brassy and outspoken performances, and became the first woman to direct one of their MainStage theatre productions. Thomas also worked with several up and coming Second City alumni", "id": "9824135" }, { "contents": "David Taylor (Labour politician)\n\n\n– those who work the hardest for the lowest unit cost – and the worst – those who have the lowest Commons work rates while having the largest expenditure – of Westminster MPs. David Taylor came equal 7th out of 592* in the table of ‘best value’ MPs. David Taylor spent £154,277 in 2007/8 (75% of which on staff and office) during which time he had an attendance rate in the House of 87%, spoke in 225 debates and tabled 197 written questions. He was one of only", "id": "4019801" }, { "contents": "1923–24 Southampton F.C. season\n\n\nWednesday, Southampton's main goal threat Bill Rawlings did not score until October, when he picked up the only goal in a 1–0 win over recently promoted Bristol City; during this period, recent signing Harold Pearson – who had replaced Rawlings in the side after the first six games of the campaign – was the club's top scorer with three goals. By the end of the year, Southampton were firmly placed in the First Division promotion race as they sat in sixth place in the Second Division table. The club picked up", "id": "7826544" }, { "contents": "Period 1 element\n\n\nA period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate periodic (recurring) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The first period contains fewer elements than any other row in the table, with only two: hydrogen and", "id": "20296874" }, { "contents": "City of London School for Girls\n\n\neighth headmistress of the school. The school has an outstanding academic reputation and leading league table results. In 2005, the school came first in The Sunday Times table of Prep Schools, and 2nd and 3rd respectively in many published tables of England's GCSE and A-level results. In 2008, the school topped The Times A-level league table of England's independent schools. The \"Good Schools Guide\" credited the school with a \"Very strong work ethic,\" noting that it \"Continues to get good results", "id": "10845680" }, { "contents": "T visa\n\n\ncases of human trafficking being reported to National Human Trafficking Hotline. And up to 2018, allowed stay period for people who are granted with T- visa is still 4 years. Related visas include: The first T visas were issued in Fiscal Year 2003. In the table below, the years are Fiscal Years, so for instance the year 2009 refers to the period from October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009. Note that this only counts T visas issued at embassies and consulates outside the United States, and does not", "id": "16251640" }, { "contents": "History of science in early cultures\n\n\nremedies which he believes could have been harmful. In the Sassanid period (226 to 652 AD), great attention was given to mathematics and astronomy. The Academy of Gundishapur is a prominent example in this regard. Astronomical tables—such as the Shahryar Tables—date to this period, and Sassanid observatories were later imitated by Muslim astronomers and astrologers of the Islamic period. In the mid-Sassanid era, an influx of knowledge came to Persia from the West in the form of views and traditions of Greece which, following", "id": "9035756" }, { "contents": "Periodic table of shapes\n\n\nThe periodic table of mathematical shapes is popular name given to a project to classify Fano varieties. The project was thought up by Professor Alessio Corti, from the Department of Mathematics at Imperial College London. It aims to categorise all three-, four- and five-dimensional shapes into a single table, analogous to the periodic table of chemical elements. It is meant to hold the equations that describe each shape and, through this, mathematicians and other scientists expect to develop a better understanding of the shapes’ geometric properties and relations.", "id": "12435574" }, { "contents": "2007 Super 14 season\n\n\nthe season, but in the end the Sharks easily claimed a 36–10 victory to be the first South African side to finish at the top of the table at the end of the round-robin stage in the Super 14 competition's history. The last game of the weekend promised to be a huge one for the Bulls, who were chasing a semi final spot. They came up against a feeble Reds team, who after going ahead 3–0 in the beginning, had no idea of the onslaught they were going to receive.", "id": "8313981" }, { "contents": "Weapons in Star Trek\n\n\nBorg Harbinger are all capable of using them. The workings of the weapon is unknown but theorised is the use of Cobalt-60. It is far more likely that tricobalt refers to the third periodical table analog for cobalt; similar to dilithium being the second periodic table equivalent of regular lithium. \"trititanium\" and most other in trek universe usage where a numeric prefix is appended to a regular real world periodic table element refers to additional periodic tables whose elements are composed of nucleons that are not protons or neutrons and maybe not even regular", "id": "1832833" }, { "contents": "Johan Berger Mathiesen\n\n\nhis life except for a period in 1902–1905. Once in Eau Claire, he teamed up with Norwegian-born doctor and surgeon Hans Christian Midelfart (1865–1937). Mathiesen and Midelfart soon came to be regarded as two of the \"leading surgeons\" of the American Northwest; they appear to have been among the first doctors in the USA who emphasized the importance of \"specialization\" among doctors. From 1908 they worked as surgeons at the then newly-founded \"Luther Hospital\" in Eau Claire. Mathiesen died of pneumonia in", "id": "19859282" }, { "contents": "Clarity (Jimmy Eat World album)\n\n\ntouring in support of \"Static Prevails\", Adkins worked at an art store. While working at this store, \"Table for Glasses\" came about. Adkins learned about shows that featured art pieces from local artists. Adkins was waiting for a friend's piece to begin when he spotted a girl clearing the area with the end of her dress. The girl walked towards \"a candle lit table that had already been set up. She just sat there picking out the dirt from her dress\", recalls Adkins. \"", "id": "1684471" }, { "contents": "Frank Case\n\n\nFrank Case (November 7, 1872 – June 7, 1946) was an American hotelier and author. He owned and managed the Algonquin Hotel during the heyday of the Algonquin Round Table and wrote a number of books about his experiences with the hotel and the Round Tablers. Case worked at the Algonquin from the time it opened in 1902. It was Case who came up with the hotel's name. The original owner had wanted to call it \"The Puritan.\" In 1907 Case took over the lease and became manager", "id": "5964352" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nbehaviour, some examples of which are shown in the diagrams below for atomic radii, ionization energy and electron affinity. It is this periodicity of properties, manifestations of which were noticed well before the underlying theory was developed, that led to the establishment of the periodic law (the properties of the elements recur at varying intervals) and the formulation of the first periodic tables. Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explainable manner across the periodic table. For instance, the radii generally decrease along each period of the table, from", "id": "3472850" }, { "contents": "Sándor Szathmári\n\n\nwas more interesting. In 1917 he became acquainted with the works of Frigyes Karinthy (pron. kArinti frItyes), whom he later came to adore. Influenced by Karinthy, he began working in the period 1919-1921 on a mathematics textbook and put on paper his first small attempts at belles lettres (\"The Serious Person\" (A komoly ember ~a kOmoy Ember) evinces a satirical view of someone who speaks of pacifist convictions, but who in the end hits someone else). In the period 1930-1934 he", "id": "44793" }, { "contents": "David Lodge (author)\n\n\n, and so on [...] This all corresponded to the modern world with its Round Table of professors: the elite group who get invited to conferences, who go around the world in pursuit of glory. Sometimes they take the opportunity to indulge in amorous intrigue, or to joust with each other in debate, pursuing glory in the sense of wanting to be at the top of their profession.\" Lodge's work first came to wider notice in Britain in 1975, when he won the Hawthornden prize for \"Changing Places", "id": "9494090" }, { "contents": "Hyun Jung-hwa\n\n\nHyun Jung-hwa (; born October 6, 1969 in Busan, South Korea) is a retired female table tennis player from South Korea who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics. National South Korean table tennis player Hyun Jung-Hwa brought about the golden age of table tennis to Korea. She is one of an elite group of players who have won at least one gold medal in every discipline they were eligible to compete in at the World Table Tennis Championships. Her first gold medal came", "id": "22202486" }, { "contents": "Pollen Street Social\n\n\nworked for Gordon Ramsay for ten years before opening his first restaurant, Table No. 1 in Shanghai. In 2011, he opened his first UK based restaurant, Pollen Street Social, which became his flagship location. The name came from the location of the restaurant, and Atherton described the \"social\" name saying, \"I spend quite a lot of time in New York, and places like Stanton Social are popping up; and it's based around people being able to use a fine-dining restaurant for anything they", "id": "13807560" }, { "contents": "FIRST Power Up\n\n\nboth alliances can activate at any point during the Teleop Period. After a Power Up has been activated by an alliance, it cannot be used again. Except for Levitate, all Power Ups last for 10 seconds, and if another Power Up is activated in this time (except for Levitate) it is placed in a queue. The number of power cubes required and effects of the Power Ups are detailed in the table below. The last 30 seconds of the Teleop Period is called the End Game. During this time", "id": "18649974" }, { "contents": "Extended periodic table\n\n\nninth period, as these elements may follow a similar pattern to periods 2 and 3 and have no transition metals. Due to overlapping orbitals and possible mixing of group characteristics in superheavy elements, element 172 may instead close period 8, however. The period 8 elements up to unbiseptium, except unbitrium, have had synthesis attempts. So far, none of these synthesis attempts have been successful. A synthesis attempt for ununennium, the first period 8 element, is currently ongoing. The synthesis of ununennium was first attempted in 1985 by", "id": "19154587" }, { "contents": "History of the periodic table\n\n\n(\"Z\") may be mathematically related to physical properties. The significance of these atomic properties was determined in the Geiger-Marsden experiment, in which the atomic nucleus and its charge were discovered. In 1913, amateur Dutch physicist Antonius van den Broek was the first to propose that the atomic number (nuclear charge) determined the placement of elements in the periodic table. He correctly determined the atomic number of all elements up to atomic number 50 (tin), though made several errors with heavier elements. However,", "id": "22081068" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nrows of the periodic table. The first 94 elements all occur naturally, though some are found only in trace amounts and a few were discovered in nature only after having first been synthesized. Elements 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors. The synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is currently being pursued: these elements would begin an eighth row, and theoretical work has been done to suggest possible candidates for this extension. Numerous synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories. Each", "id": "3472829" }, { "contents": "1812 United Kingdom general election\n\n\nof polling, during which time 950 electors came to the hustings and voted. Longer contests were possible. The polling in the Berkshire election of 1812 went on for 15 days (with 1,992 electors voting). The time between the first and last contests in the general election was 5 October to 10 November 1812. Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England. Table 1: Constituencies and MPs", "id": "15148086" }, { "contents": "Matvey Dubrovin\n\n\nsense of the word – Preacher\" \". \" \"Matvey Dubrovin was a terrific demiurge. Once we were working on the play \" The secret is in the suitcase\", with the second teacher, very smart, informative. We rehearsed it and it was very serious, but boring. Suddenly Dubrovin came in and began to disassemble the play and was able to show WHAT that play can become. He was the boss for us, but suddenly he grabbed a chair, pulled the table, jumped up on the table", "id": "16562239" }, { "contents": "Leicestershire County Cricket Club\n\n\nwas the first first-class match for both clubs. In 1895, the County Championship was restructured into a 14-team competition with the introduction of Essex, Leicestershire and Warwickshire CCC. Leicestershire's first 70 years were largely spent in lower table mediocrity, with few notable exceptions. In 1953, the motivation of secretary-captain Charles Palmer lifted the side fleetingly to third place, but most of the rest of the 1950s was spent propping up the table, or thereabouts. Change came in the late 1950s with the recruitment of the", "id": "3028659" }, { "contents": "Michael Alford (artist)\n\n\nMichael Alford (born 15 September 1958 in Cookham, England) is a British figurative painter whose work includes landscapes, cityscapes, figures, portraits, nudes and murals. Alford was born in Cookham, England, and grew up in England and Germany. He attended the Dragon School and later Rugby School. His first art training came from his father, an officer in the Royal Engineers, who taught him how to draw in perspective at an early age. After a period in the Royal Marines, he attended Durham University where", "id": "5187517" }, { "contents": "Fitzroy Iron Works\n\n\n, which operated until 1882. During his second period at Mittagong, during the year 1868, the Fitzroy Iron Works rolling mills produced the first iron plate rolled in Australia, and Hughes also claimed to have rolled the first iron rails there. After Hughes, in late 1868, came Thomas Bladen, who later also worked as the government's inspector at the Eskbank Ironworks, where he clashed with Hughes who had become the works' manager there. William Sandford leased the Fitzroy Iron Works to roll iron rails in 1886. After", "id": "9450900" }, { "contents": "Gregory Maass & Nayoungim\n\n\nThe two first met on 12 September 1991 while studying sculpture at the ENSBA. The two claim they came together because they are both egomaniacs who form a symbiosis. They communicate with each other in French and English. They have claimed that they married in 2008. Their work has addressed a wide variety of subject matters including scatology, survivalism, and economy. The two artists rarely appear in their own work. are often life-size photographic representations on canvas of toilet paper rolls arranged on a table top. Depending on the", "id": "9899093" }, { "contents": "Zac Goldsmith\n\n\n-deal Brexit being left on the table. In 2007, he opposed the opening of a superstore by supermarket chain Sainsbury's in Barnes. He spearheaded a referendum conducted by the Electoral Reform Society to poll local residents on the issue, working closely with a local campaign group. With a turnout of 61.6%, more than 4,000 residents, who made up 85% of the votes cast, came forward to oppose the construction of the store at White Hart Lane. Sainsbury's ultimately opened the branch after revising its planning application", "id": "14082625" }, { "contents": "2000–01 Buffalo Sabres season\n\n\n1, with the Penguins needing only star center Mario Lemieux's first-period goal to finish off Buffalo and take an early series lead. Dominik Hasek gave up three goals, the other two of which came courtesy of centers Wayne Primeau and Jan Hrdina in the second half of the third period. Penguins winger Jaromir Jagr, who assisted on the Lemieux goal in the first period, injured his leg in the third period and would miss Game 2. Both teams were rather inept on the powerplay, wasting five conversion opportunities each", "id": "4448896" }, { "contents": "Dmitri Mendeleev\n\n\nclassify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed patterns that led him to postulate his periodic table; he claimed to have envisioned the complete arrangement of the elements in a dream: Unaware of the earlier work on periodic tables going on in the 1860s, he made the following table: By adding additional elements following this pattern, Mendeleev developed his extended version of the periodic table. On 6 March 1869, he made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, titled \"The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic", "id": "15054767" }, { "contents": "M. Feroze Ahmed\n\n\n1998 in recognition of his excellence in teaching and research; He was the first BUET Coordinator of BUET-MIT research Group, which received the Prince Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz Prize for Water for solving the puzzle of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater. Recognition by American Chemical Society (ACS), as a leading scientist in the field of arsenic research and published his works and views on arsenic contamination under the element Arsenic in a Periodic Table. American Chemical Society published this Periodic Table on the occasion of 80th anniversary of the Society citing the", "id": "20113243" }, { "contents": "Periodic table\n\n\nfirst to be recognized as using the trends in his periodic table to predict the properties of those missing elements, such as gallium and germanium. The second decision was to occasionally ignore the order suggested by the atomic weights and switch adjacent elements, such as tellurium and iodine, to better classify them into chemical families. Mendeleev published in 1869, using atomic weight to organize the elements, information determinable to fair precision in his time. Atomic weight worked well enough to allow Mendeleev to accurately predict the properties of missing elements. Following", "id": "3472873" }, { "contents": "Portugal. The Man\n\n\nalso actively updated their Instagram account with pictures of them in the studio with Mike D, as well as showcasing small teasers of what their new album would sound like. Mac Miller was also shown working with the band as well. During this period, guitarist Eric Howk, formerly from The Lashes, joined the band. Howk, who grew up with Gourley and Carothers in Wasilla, had been in talks to join the band in 2007, however an accident on May 5, 2007 left him paraplegic and unofficially tabled this decision", "id": "16004434" }, { "contents": "John Wick: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\n\n\nin music, both Bates and Richard have wanted to work together musically for some period of time. Director Chad Stahelski and producer Dave Leitch approached Bates to write the score for \"John Wick\" after filming had completed, and it was then that Bates had the thought of working with Richard, explaining, \"Joel came to the table with great ideas and a sensibility that was exactly as I felt we should approach the music.\" On July 11, 2014, it was officially announced that Bates and Richard had composed the", "id": "9961447" }, { "contents": "Boolean algebras canonically defined\n\n\nis a proper subalgebra of Example 5 (a proper subalgebra equals the intersection of itself with its algebra). These can be understood as the finitary operations, with the first period of such a sequence giving the truth table of the operation it represents. For example, the truth table of \"x\" in the table of binary operations, namely \"f\", has period 2 (and so can be recognized as using only the first variable) even though 12 of the binary operations have period 4. When the period", "id": "8780059" }, { "contents": "Period (periodic table)\n\n\ngroups are more significant). However, in the d-block, trends across periods become significant, and in the f-block elements show a high degree of similarity across periods. There are currently seven complete periods in the periodic table, comprising the 118 known elements. Any new elements will be placed into an eighth period; see extended periodic table. The first period contains the least elements than any other, with only two, hydrogen and helium. They therefore do not follow the octet rule. Chemically, helium", "id": "5268636" }, { "contents": "3451 Mentor\n\n\nD-type asteroid, which is the dominant spectral type among the Jupiter trojans \"(also see table below)\". A large number of rotational lightcurves of \"Mentor\" have been obtained, since its first photometric observations by William Hartmann (1988). The first rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of was reported by Stefano Mottola, who observed \"Mentor\" in February 1993, using the former ESO 1-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile (). Follow-up observations by Mottola at the", "id": "12714324" }, { "contents": "Zhou Yu\n\n\nup like this table!\" Later that night, Zhou Yu came to see Sun Quan and said: Sun Quan placed his hand on Zhou Yu's shoulder and replied: Pei Songzhi, who annotated Zhou Yu's biography in the \"Sanguozhi\", argued that Lu Su was actually the first person who urged Sun Quan to resist Cao Cao. Zhou Yu was at Poyang County before Sun Quan held the discussion with his subjects, and Lu Su suggested to Sun Quan to summon Zhou Yu back for the meeting. Zhou Yu", "id": "13771578" }, { "contents": "Nic Nac\n\n\n1989 in El Cerrito, California. He started to DJ when he was in fifth grade. His parents got him something called a \"DJ In A Box\" that came with two turn tables, a mixer, and two speakers. He just used basic drum beats and didn't know how to play piano yet at the time, as he does now. He started to DJ because he lived up the street from a Guitar Center and went there everyday to hang around the people who worked there. They showed him how", "id": "2530260" }, { "contents": "Antonius van den Broek\n\n\nAntonius Johannes van den Broek (4 May 1870, Zoetermeer – 25 October 1926, Bilthoven) was a Dutch amateur physicist notable for being the first who realized that the number of an element in the periodic table (now called atomic number) corresponds to the charge of its atomic nucleus. This hypothesis was published in 1911 and inspired the experimental work of Henry Moseley, who found good experimental evidence for it by 1913. Van den Broek was the son of a civil law notary and trained to be a lawyer himself. He", "id": "2706457" }, { "contents": "Gottfried Mind\n\n\nhis shoulder; many times he kept, for hours, the most awkward postures, that he might not disturb it. Frequently there was a second cat sitting by him on the table, watching how the work went on; sometimes a kitten or two lay in his lap under the table. Frogs (in bottle) floated beside his easel; and with all these creatures he kept up a most playful, loving style of conversation; though, often enough, any human beings about him, or such even as came to", "id": "6295000" }, { "contents": "Table Rock, Colorado\n\n\nsolid-enduring log cabin, and established a farm and ranch of 1,160 acres. Benjamin G. Norvell homesteaded at Table Rock in 1873. J.G. Evans homesteaded at Table Rock in 1884 and established a ranch of 1,750 acres. One of the early families to settle in the area were Eva and Thomas Thompson, who came across the plains in a covered wagon in 1890. They had a ranch at Table Rock. Another was Lou Stepler, a potato farmer. The first country schoolhouse of El Paso County was built in the settlement", "id": "21747672" }, { "contents": "Eastbourne Town F.C.\n\n\nDavid Noakes who had managed the club for the past 25 years and his role was taken over by the club captain Mr. W. S. Grevett. In his first two seasons he lifted the Sussex Senior Cup twice and the Sussex RUR Cup in 1933 at their first attempt, but still struggled in the Southern Amateur League, finishing mid table in most seasons. At the end of the 1937-38 season, Eastbourne were relegated into Division 2 A, but came back up the following season after winning the league. The second World", "id": "3232631" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nThe Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\". Within the context of the series, the Cybermen are a species of emotionless space-faring cyborgs who convert human beings (or other similar species) to join and populate their ranks. First appearing in 1966, the Cybermen were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the show) and story editor Gerry Davis. The Cybermen have seen many redesigns and", "id": "7071256" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\n10,000 years earlier. The player plays as the Eleventh Doctor and his companion Amy, who work to defeat the Cybermen. They also appear on Telos in both the android games \"\" and Doctor Who And The Dalek. The Cybermen appear as enemies in \"Lego Dimensions\", and one was added as a playable character in Wave 3. While the Doctor's archenemy, the Daleks, were on the whole unchanged during the original series's 26-season run, the Cybermen were seen to change with almost every encounter. The Cybermen", "id": "7071306" }, { "contents": "Doomsday (Doctor Who)\n\n\nRise of the Cybermen\" and \"The Age of Steel\". Both species unexpectedly arrive on Earth at the conclusion of \"Army of Ghosts\". The concept of the Daleks and the Cybermen both appearing on-screen was first proposed in 1967, but was vetoed by Terry Nation, the creator of the Daleks. The episode is the first conflict between the two species in \"Doctor Who\"s -year history, and features Billie Piper's last appearance in the lead companion role as Rose Tyler; the final regular appearance of Noel", "id": "13927287" }, { "contents": "List of Doctor Who henchmen\n\n\nthe Doctor, they did not meet and he escaped from the carnage in the guise of a policeman. The Sixth Doctor then encountered Lytton planning to rob a diamond merchant in the story \"Attack of the Cybermen\" (1985). The sewers through which he planned to make his heist also contained a squad of Cybermen, and Lytton's actions helped revive them. After being taken to Telos with Lytton and the Cybermen, the Doctor encountered the Cryons, who revealed that Lytton was in fact working for them. The Cybermen", "id": "599537" }, { "contents": "David Banks (actor)\n\n\n, at Michelle Fowler's graduation ceremony. During the 1980s, he was the Cyberleader in the science fiction series \"Doctor Who\" in all stories featuring the Cybermen: \"Earthshock\" (1982), \"The Five Doctors\" (1983), \"Attack of the Cybermen\" (1985) and \"Silver Nemesis\" (1988). In 1989, he played the part of Karl the Mercenary in the stage play \"Doctor Who - The Ultimate Adventure\", except for two performances when he appeared as The Doctor", "id": "2299444" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nthe Cybermen make one brief appearance, in the 1993 Children in Need special \"Dimensions in Time\", as one of several enemies used by evil Time Lady the Rani (Kate O'Mara) to hunt the Doctor. \"Doctor Who\" was revived after a long hiatus by new showrunner Russell T Davies in 2005. By then, development of CGI let script-writers include large numbers of Cybermen or Daleks in stories. In the first series of the revived programme, the Cybermen do not appear except for the inactive head of", "id": "7071273" }, { "contents": "Doomsday (Doctor Who)\n\n\nwho had decided to leave \"Doctor Who\" after two series. \"Doomsday\" is the first episode in the history of \"Doctor Who\" where the Cybermen and the Daleks appear on-screen together; Cybermen and Daleks were both featured in \"The Five Doctors\" and \"Army of Ghosts\", but in separate scenes. The two-part finale was originally going to take place in Cardiff on the time rift, which was the focus of the episodes \"The Unquiet Dead\" and \"Boom Town\".", "id": "13927296" }, { "contents": "Mondas\n\n\nMondas is a fictional planet in the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". Mondas is the homeworld of the Cybermen, a race of cyborgs in that series. Mondas is first mentioned in the 1966 \"Doctor Who\" serial \"The Tenth Planet\". This episode is also the first appearance of the Cybermen, a race that recurs in numerous \"Doctor Who\" stories. In \"The Tenth Planet\", a New Zealand astronaut discovers a newly arrived planet near Earth, between the orbits of Mars and Venus", "id": "1205522" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who Live\n\n\nhimself. Afterwards, the Daleks appear, and they reveal that they were the ones that gave Vorgenson the concept for the minimiser by projecting the ideas into his dreams. They capture the Doctor, who was trapped in the Minimiser by Vorgenson in the first act, and imprison him inside of a box on the stage. From the box, The Doctor manages to send out Cybermen from the Minimiser, and they engage in battle with the Daleks. Though the Daleks have the upper hand at first, the Cybermen reveal that they", "id": "2122713" }, { "contents": "Cyber-Scout\n\n\nthe television serial, The Five Doctors. Later, the black painted Cyber-Scouts were armed with modified standard Cybermen weapons. These new weapons were bigger and more brightly coloured than their standard counterparts as seen in the television serial, Attack Of The Cybermen. Cyber-Scouts originated from the TV Comic Annual 1970 strip 'Test Flight,' in an adventure with the Second Doctor, although this most likely did not have any impact on their appearance in the television series of Doctor Who. The Cyber-Scouts found in Peter", "id": "16612866" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\n's \"Revenge of the Cybermen\", were redesigned to appear more high-tech. The top was designed to recall the head of a Cyberman, and piranha-like teeth were added to suggest that they were converted animals, just as Cybermen were converted humans. Three versions of the Cybermat were made. The first was simply a \"stunt double\" which did not have teeth and was meant for being thrown around or laid still. The second was a cable-controlled \"close-up\" version that had teeth", "id": "9307588" }, { "contents": "The Master (Doctor Who)\n\n\nafterlife\" to be a Gallifreyan Matrix Data Slice hosting a virtual afterlife storing the conscious minds of recently deceased people to be housed later within an army of Cybermen. In \"Death in Heaven\", revealing herself as the one who gave Clara the phone number to the TARDIS and had also manipulated the Doctor and Clara into staying together, Missy offers the Doctor control of her Cybermen army in the hopes of compromising his morality. She is defeated when her Cyberman army is destroyed, and appears vapourised when shot by the posthumously cyberconverted", "id": "20815033" }, { "contents": "Bill Potts (Doctor Who)\n\n\nbut ten years pass before the Doctor is able to reach her, during which time she is converted into a Cyberman. Though Cybermen are normally emotionless and hellbent on converting humans to their ranks, Bill retains her humanity and sense of identity as a result of particular experiences she has had travelling with the Doctor. When the Cybermen are defeated, Bill is entirely alone: the Doctor appears dead, Nardole has taken human refugees to safety, and she is a horrific monster. She is rescued, however, by Heather, who", "id": "1610953" }, { "contents": "Army of Ghosts\n\n\n\"Doctor Who\" used to conceal the \"rushes\" tapes during the filming of the first series. It was an arc word used through the majority of the second series, starting with the series one episode \"Bad Wolf\". The episode's secondary plot device is the Cybermen, from the parallel universe featured in \"The Age of Steel\" and \"Rise of the Cybermen\". The Cybermen breaking through plastic sheets is a recurring theme throughout Cybermen appearances, in particular, \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" (", "id": "2887082" }, { "contents": "List of Doctor Who henchmen\n\n\nhad travelled back in time to prevent the destruction of their home planet Mondas in 1986. However, once they did so the Cybermen intended to destroy and leave Telos. Lytton's mission was to prevent this by stealing the time machine. Once Lytton's treachery to the Cybermen was exposed, the Cyber Controller ordered that Lytton undergo the cyber-conversion process. When the Doctor tried to free Lytton from his fate as a Cyberman, a partially converted Lytton died fighting the Cyber Controller, who snapped his neck. The Doctor later", "id": "599538" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nreminiscent of the Cybermen, in existence in the very far future as the universe approaches its end, with some evidence suggesting that the Silverati were adapted from remnants of the Cybermen of the present. The Cybermen have appeared in several Big Finish audio plays battling the Doctor, the first of which was \"Sword of Orion\" (released on CD in 2001 and broadcast on BBC 7 in 2005), where the Eighth Doctor deals with humans and androids engaged in a war who seek Cyber-technology to improve their sides. The", "id": "7071290" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nturned into Cybermen, with Irving Braxiatel planning to use them as a private army. A Cyberman tomb also appeared in the Bernice Summerfield play \"Silver Lining\", which came free with \"Doctor Who Magazine\" #351. In March 2018, the Cybermen had their first encounter with the Third Doctor (this time played by Tim Treloar) in \"The Tyrants of Logic\", one of the stories in Volume 4 of Big Finish's \"The Third Doctor Adventures\" series. In the story, the Doctor and companion", "id": "7071296" }, { "contents": "Iceberg (Banks novel)\n\n\nby Banks, appeared in \"Doctor Who Magazine\" #204. This was the first original \"Doctor Who\" novel to feature the Cybermen, and the first \"New Adventure\" to feature a recurring foe from the television series. In 1994 David Banks recorded his novel for Talking Books. It contains 35 chapters, and runs to around 9 hours. Following their betrayal by Tobias Vaughn and the failure of their planned invasion of Earth, a group of Cybermen crashes in Antarctica while fleeing the destruction of their mothership. Some", "id": "3481336" }, { "contents": "Revenge of the Cybermen\n\n\nThey are pursued by more Guardians, who fire at them. Harry and Sarah are cornered when Militia troops appear in the galleries, forcing the Guardians to stand down. The Doctor has repaired the transmat, but is unable to lock on to Harry and Sarah as they have left the receptor circle. At that point, Lester detects an incoming ship, but it does not respond to their signals. As the Cybership docks, the Doctor recognises it for what it is, but is unable to lock the hatch. The Cybermen", "id": "22019629" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\n\"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" (1967), \"The Wheel in Space\" (1968), and \"Revenge of the Cybermen\" (1975). The Doctor examines a toy and remarks, \"Robot dog; not as much fun as I remember,\" alluding to K-9, a robot dog who accompanied the Fourth Doctor. The Doctor claims to be able to \"speak 'baby'\", as he did in \"A Good Man Goes to War\". The Doctor expresses his dislike for Craig", "id": "9307575" }, { "contents": "The Wheel in Space\n\n\nWheel and they now have no way to repel it. Jarvis confines Jamie and the Doctor to the sickbay. When the Doctor recovers, he does not approve of Jamie's action. Zoe has calculated that the ship did not drift to their sector but was deliberately piloted there. The Wheel’s crew, however, are more concerned with the impending meteor shower. The two large pods contain Cybermen, who discuss their plans with the Cyberplanner (an immobile unit in control of the Cybermen) over a video communicator. The small", "id": "8011781" }, { "contents": "Eleventh Doctor\n\n\n\"Doctor Who Adventures\", and he took over from the Tenth Doctor in IDW Publishing's \"Doctor Who\" series before BBC Worldwide awarded the license to Titan Magazines. He'll continue to appear in these, as will the Tenth and Twelfth Doctors in their own stories. He appeared in the crossover series \"\", where he was working with the crew of the \"Enterprise\"-D to defeat a Borg/Cybermen alliance. The Eleventh Doctor also appears in a series of audiobooks. The first release of these is \"The", "id": "19862523" }, { "contents": "List of Doctor Who henchmen\n\n\nColin Spaull, was responsible for converting humans into Cybermen in Battersea Power Station, as seen in \"Rise of the Cybermen\" (2006). He turned against his boss, John Lumic, in \"The Age of Steel\" (2006), when he tried to have him converted into a Cyberman. Crane damaged Lumic's life support system and was then killed by a Cyberman. Crane's actions prompted the Cybermen to \"upgrade\" Lumic prematurely, converting him into a Cyber Controller. Actor Colin Spaull previously appeared in", "id": "599518" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure\n\n\nno shoulder slats as were present on post-1966 Daleks. The Dalek Emperor prop was a faithful reproduction of the model that appeared in \"The Evil of the Daleks\" (1967). The TARDIS set was also different, featuring roundels in a square rather than a hexagonal grid and a miniature console in which the central column was retracted completely out of view. The Cybermen costumes were identical to those used in \"Attack of the Cybermen\" (1985). When Colin Baker took over as the Doctor, he was provided with", "id": "3406349" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\n, Mondas absorbs too much energy from Earth, destroying it and all Cybermen on Earth. The adventure takes its physical toll on the Doctor, forcing him to regenerate for the first time, becoming the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton). The Cybermen next appeared in \"The Moonbase\" (1967) opposite the Second Doctor. In 2070, the Cybermen attempt to remotely destroy the Earth by affecting its weather patterns with a device called the Gravitron. However, the Gravitron is used against them, hurling them into space. Later", "id": "7071265" }, { "contents": "Alexandra Tynan\n\n\nAlexandra Tynan is a costume designer best known for her design of the Cybermen in the BBC Television series \"Doctor Who\". Tynan trained at Belfast College of Art and worked as a costume designer for the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre before accepting a staff role at the BBC in 1964. Credited as Sandra Reid, Tynan worked on eight Doctor Who serials including William Hartnell's final story, The Tenth Planet, which included the first appearance of the Cybermen, devised by Dr Kit Pedler and his writing partner Gerry Davis", "id": "5683799" }, { "contents": "Telos (Doctor Who)\n\n\nof the Cybermen\" merely states \"Telos was their home planet,\" seemingly at odds with the statements in \"The Tenth Planet\" that Mondas is where the Cybermen have originated. The first edition of \"The Making of Doctor Who\" (1972) gives Telos as their home planet, as do several 1970s novelisations of the Cybermen stories by co-creator Gerry Davis. With the episodes becoming easily accessible and the issue being covered in magazines like \"Doctor Who Magazine\" the uncertainty declined in the 1980s and \"Attack", "id": "16876665" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nhurled back in time, however, and the Doctor's companion, boy genius Adric (Matthew Waterhouse), is trapped on board as the freighter crashes into prehistoric Earth, killing Adric and triggering the K-T extinction event. The Cybermen appear once more in the Fifth Doctor's era, alongside the four previous Doctors, in \"The Five Doctors\" (1983), when they are transported to the Doctor's home planet of Gallifrey by the Time Lord President Borusa (Philip Latham). \"Attack of the Cybermen", "id": "7071270" }, { "contents": "The Age of Steel\n\n\n. A human resistance movement seeks to stop Lumic's plan to convert humanity into Cybermen by destroying Lumic's transmitter controlling London's population. The episode was the first \"Doctor Who\" story to feature the Cybermen since the show's 2005 revival. The Cybermen have the Tenth Doctor, Rose, Mickey, and the Preachers surrounded. The Doctor uses the recharging power cell from the TARDIS to overload the Cybermen. The group escapes with Pete Tyler, but Jackie is trapped inside. As they flee, Pete explains to the Preachers", "id": "16417285" }, { "contents": "Nicholas Pegg\n\n\nBook of Doctor Who\". He has also written numerous features for the BBC's range of DVD releases of the \"Doctor Who\" television series. He wrote \"Cheques, Lies and Videotape\", a documentary about the heyday of pirate videos, which appeared on the DVD release of \"Revenge of the Cybermen\". He also wrote \"When Worlds Collide\", a documentary about politics and ideology in \"Doctor Who\", which appeared on the DVD release of \"The Happiness Patrol\", and \"A Matter", "id": "4027568" }, { "contents": "Cyber-Scout\n\n\nCyber-Scouts (otherwise known as Stealth Cybermen) were from the BBC television show Doctor Who and were a division of the Cybermen that specialised in sabotaging enemies on scouting missions. The very first Cyber-Scouts infiltrated the United States Air Force's B-52 bomber holding the Dart, a rocket-powered fighter plane. At least two Scouts were identified in the comic, as they shared no distinguishable markings to that of the standard Cybermen also in the comic strip, Test Flight. Later, when a squadron of Cybermen were time", "id": "16612863" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\nto the door, the stuntman jumping through it, and Smith landing with shards of glass thrown over him. The Cybus Industries logo, which had been used on the Cybermen since their redesign for the revived series in \"Rise of the Cybermen\"/\"The Age of Steel\" (2006), was covered up for the Cybermen in this episode as well as the ones which had previously appeared in \"A Good Man Goes to War\". This is because the Cybermen from \"Rise of the Cybermen\" originated from a parallel universe,", "id": "9307586" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\ndrawn by Adrian Salmon. In 1996, the \"Radio Times\" published a \"Doctor Who\" comic strip. The first story, entitled \"Dreadnought\", featured the Cybermen attacking a human starship in 2220 and introduced the strip companion Stacy Townsend. In the \"Doctor Who\"/\"Star Trek\" crossover, , the Cybermen join forces with the Borg, forcing the Eleventh Doctor to join forces with the crew of the \"Enterprise\"-D to stop them. The Borg and Cybermen have begun to attack and convert worlds without warning, with the", "id": "7071302" }, { "contents": "Nightmare in Silver\n\n\nso often in the classic series, and yet had been consistent in the new series. The previous design of the Cybermen also appear in this episode, but are not the primary threats. Gaiman was motivated to provide a \"rationalisation\" for the Cybermen in current \"Doctor Who\" continuity. The classic series had depicted the Cybermen as alien cyborgs, while the revived series depicted them as human cyborgs from a parallel Earth; Gaiman opined that his Cybermen stemmed from an encounter and amalgamation of these two types of Cybermen following \"", "id": "6945217" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (season 22)\n\n\n1983. Anthony Ainley returns in \"The Mark of the Rani\" as The Master. Kate O'Mara makes her first appearance as the Rani in \"The Mark of the Rani\". Terry Molloy returns to play Davros in \"Revelation of the Daleks\" and also played Russell in \"Attack of the Cybermen\". Maurice Colbourne returned as Lytton from the story \"Resurrection of the Daleks\" in \"Attack of the Cybermen\". David Banks makes his third of four appearances as a Cyber-leader in \"Attack of the", "id": "14051122" }, { "contents": "Zoe Heriot\n\n\nZoe Heriot (sometimes spelled Zoe Herriot) is a fictional character played by Wendy Padbury in the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". A young astrophysicist who lived on a space wheel in the 21st century, she was a companion of the Second Doctor and a regular in the programme from 1968 to 1969. Zoe first appears in the serial \"The Wheel in Space\", where she is the librarian on board Space Station W3, also known as the Wheel. When the Cybermen attack, she", "id": "13652989" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nnewly formed United Nations Intelligence Taskforce. The Cybermen did not face the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee), but one is shown as part of an exhibit in \"Carnival of Monsters\" (1973). The Fourth Doctor (Tom Baker) is next to encounter a group of Cybermen in \"Revenge of the Cybermen\" (1975). These Cybermen are depicted as the wandering remnants of a fallen empire, ravaged by the so-called Cyber-Wars against victorious humanity, which had exploited the Cybermen's weakness to gold", "id": "7071268" }, { "contents": "Killing Ground (novel)\n\n\nwork: the Cybermen obsessed Archivist Hegelia, and her novice research partner, Graduand Jolarr. Can the Doctor save the day when locked away in a cell? The design of the Cybermen explicitly described in this story is the design used in the 1975 Doctor Who television serial \"Revenge of the Cybermen\" as developed by BBC costume designer Prue Handley. Details about the Cybermen including the term \"CyberNomad\" and references to Cyber-history, as well as the character of Hegelia and the Arc Hive from which she operates were originally", "id": "102572" }, { "contents": "Star Trek: The Next Generation/Doctor Who: Assimilation2\n\n\nthe Doctor and his companions, Amy Pond and Rory Williams, encounter the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\"-D, joining together to stop an alliance between the Borg and the Cybermen. On stardate 45635.2 (falling between the stardates of \"The Next Generation\" episodes \"\" and \"\"), the Federation planet Delta IV comes under attack from a combined force of Borg and the Cybermen who were first seen in Rise of the Cybermen. This prompted a planetary evacuation. Meanwhile, the TARDIS, with the Eleventh Doctor, Amy Pond", "id": "2784567" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\ncomic books have also elaborated on existing origin stories or presented alternatives. The television show's 2017 episode \"The Doctor Falls\" explains the different origins as parallel evolution, due to the inevitability of humans and human-like species attempting to upgrade themselves through technology; this perspective resolves continuity differences in the Cybermen's history. A mainstay of \"Doctor Who\" since the 1960s, the Cybermen have also appeared in related programs and spin-off media, including novels, audiobooks, comic books, and video games. Cybermen stories", "id": "7071258" }, { "contents": "The Master (Doctor Who)\n\n\ngiven at the time as to how he escaped Gallifrey or what prompted his regeneration. Four years later, Simm reprised the role for the show's first ever \"multi-Master\" story, \"World Enough and Time\"/\"The Doctor Falls\" (2017), which caught up with Simm's Master shortly before his regeneration. In the story, the Master is posing as a menial worker on the basement floor of a Mondasian colony ship, helping to bring the Cybermen into existence anew. When the Doctor appears aboard the ship with", "id": "20815028" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nthe Daleks, who reveal themselves and trigger all-out war between the two species. The Doctor ultimately re-opens the breach, causing the Cybermen and all but a few Daleks to become trapped inside before it is re-sealed. Cybermen next appear in the 2008 \"Doctor Who\" Christmas special \"The Next Doctor\", emerging in 1851 London after the Daleks damaged the walls of reality in the previous episode. They attempt to raise a new army on Earth using period technology, but are again foiled by the", "id": "7071276" }, { "contents": "History of Doctor Who\n\n\nhave the power to change his body when it became worn out or seriously injured, a process that was called \"renewal\" but would later become known within the mythology of the series as \"regeneration\". Lloyd and Davis cast actor Patrick Troughton, who first appeared in November 1966 after the changeover from Hartnell had been seen at the end of the story \"The Tenth Planet\". That serial also introduced the popular Cybermen, villains who would return to face the Doctor on several subsequent occasions. Troughton played the role generally", "id": "7325588" }, { "contents": "Made of Steel (novella)\n\n\ncannot enter due to a force-field set up by the Cybermen. The Doctor cooperates with the remaining two Cybermen & the Cyberleader, and opens their portal by linking up their equipment to the TARDIS. But the Cybermen realize that the Doctor's methods do not work, and the force-field does not lead to the Void. Instead, it leads to Prehistoric Earth. A \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" appears and kills two Cybermen. Martha damages the force-field generator, and the Doctor uses an electrical cord from", "id": "7145529" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who\n\n\nCybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating cyborgs, with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression was called for. With the demise of Mondas, they acquired Telos as their new home planet. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the \"Doctor Who\" franchise. The 2006 series introduced a totally new variation of Cybermen. These Cybus Cybermen were", "id": "8220899" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nhuman colonists, for whom inevitable cyberconversion has been delayed but not averted. The Doctor, exhausted to a point of nearing death, awakens in his TARDIS and begins to regenerate. The Cybermen have appeared in various spin-off media. The Cybermen were also featured in the novel \"Iceberg\" by actor David Banks, who played the Cyber Leader in the television series from \"Earthshock\" to \"Silver Nemesis\". Banks had previously written, in 1988, \"Cybermen\", a fictional history of the Cybermen which included", "id": "7071285" }, { "contents": "Spare Parts (audio drama)\n\n\n, we wouldn't have started this whole line of thinking if he hadn't heard \"Spare Parts\" in the first place.\" \"Spare Parts\" takes place on the planet Mondas of the regular Doctor Who universe, rather than the parallel Earth of \"Rise of the Cybermen\", and the two stories feature two entirely separate races of Cybermen. In the revived Series 10 finale \"World Enough and Time\"/\"The Doctor Falls\", the Twelfth Doctor and his companions encounter an alternate 'Genesis of the Cybermen', as", "id": "21994528" }, { "contents": "Earthshock\n\n\nEarthshock is the sixth serial of the 19th season of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 8 to 16 March 1982. This serial marks the final regular appearance of Matthew Waterhouse as Adric and his climactic death, with the final episode featuring unique silent credits in memory of the character. It is also the first to feature the Cybermen since \"Revenge of the Cybermen\", in 1975. The serial is mainly set on Earth and a", "id": "20884583" }, { "contents": "Fourth Doctor\n\n\nthe story, personified in the ghostly Watcher, effectively a harbinger of the Fourth Doctor's 'death'. The Fourth Doctor's stories saw fewer recurring (or returning) enemies than in previous eras. The Daleks only appeared twice and the Cybermen only had one story, \"Revenge of the Cybermen\" (1975). UNIT, which had featured in most of the Third Doctor's adventures, only appeared in four early Fourth Doctor stories, playing a minor role in its last appearance, season 13's \"The Seeds", "id": "3399927" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nHaving eventually removed all emotion from their brains (to maintain their sanity), the natives installed a drive propulsion system to pilot the planet itself through space. As the original race was limited in numbers and were continually being depleted, the Mondasians – now Cybermen – became a race of conquerors who reproduced by forcibly changing other organic beings into Cybermen. The First Doctor (William Hartnell) opposes these Cybermen when they attempt to drain the Earth's energy to make way for Mondas' return to the solar system; in this encounter", "id": "7071264" }, { "contents": "The Tenth Planet\n\n\nBarclay, and the Doctor, but is interrupted by the sudden arrival of a new squadron of Cybermen who kill Cutler. The Doctor, realising that Mondas is approaching destruction, attempts to mediate with the Cybermen, offering them a home on Earth. The Cybermen take Polly back to their spaceship as a hostage. As the Cybermen take over Space Command in Geneva, the Doctor realises that their plan is to destroy the Earth with the remaining Z-bombs, thus saving Mondas. The Cybermen order the humans to disarm the Z", "id": "18136607" }, { "contents": "The Doctor (Doctor Who)\n\n\nthe loom system, where he is disintegrated and later woven into the Doctor. References to the Doctor's family are rare in the programme. During the first two seasons he travelled with his granddaughter, Susan Foreman, who has since been referred to occasionally and who returned in \"The Five Doctors\". In \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" when asked about his family, the Second Doctor says his memories of them are alive when he wants them to be otherwise they sleep in his mind and he forgets. In \"", "id": "7324904" }, { "contents": "Peter Davison\n\n\nThe Fifth Doctor encountered many of the Doctor's best-known adversaries, including the Daleks (in \"Resurrection of the Daleks\") and the Cybermen (in \"Earthshock\"). After leaving \"Doctor Who\", Davison returned to the franchise several times. He presented the special videotape documentary release \"Daleks – The Early Years\" (1993), showcasing selected episodes of missing Dalek stories from both the First Doctor and Second Doctor's eras. Davison did, in fact, return to play the Fifth Doctor in", "id": "20467332" }, { "contents": "Mondas\n\n\nand supplement its own. However, the energy absorbed was too much, and Mondas disintegrated along with the Cyber forces on Earth. The 2006 episodes \"Rise of the Cybermen\" and \"The Age of Steel\" introduce Cybermen who originated from an Earth in a parallel universe, rather than on Mondas. The Tenth Doctor alludes to Mondas when he explains that the Cybermen of his own universe started from a planet \"just like\" the Earth. The 2017 double episode \"World Enough and Time\" / \"The Doctor Falls", "id": "1205525" }, { "contents": "Human Resources (audio drama)\n\n\nCrystalliser to get revenge on the Time Lords. The Doctor arrives and explains the situation to her. She gives him the Crystalliser, but is shocked when he gives it to the Cybermen. However, the Cyberman who uses it instantly suffers total systems failure and is killed. The Doctor explains that the Quantum Crystalliser has been programmed to ensure that the Cybermen are defeated, so he increases the range on it, causing all of the Cybermen to be killed, and rendering the device itself useless. Whilst the Time Lords return the", "id": "12292993" }, { "contents": "Nicholas Briggs\n\n\n, and did the voice of the Ice Warrior Skaldak in the 2013 episode \"Cold War\". On 9 July 2009, Briggs made his first appearance in the \"Doctor Who\" spin-off \"Torchwood\" in the serial \"\", playing Special Government Advisor Rick Yates. Briggs has directed many of the Big Finish Productions audio plays, and has provided Dalek, Cybermen, and other alien voices in several of those as well. He has also written and directed the \"Dalek Empire\" and \"Cyberman\" audio", "id": "6142599" }, { "contents": "Human Resources (audio drama)\n\n\nbe unjustified, the Doctor sabotages the conference's defensive systems, only to discover that the war is being fought against Cybermen, who storm the conference room. Part 2 Hubert agrees to work with the Cybermen, against the Doctor's advice. The Doctor learns that these Cybermen are an earlier version of the Cybermen he will encounter on Telos, having not recognised the name of the planet. Lucie and the ex-employees meet the Headhunter, who explains she was hired by Hubert to track Lucie down in case a rival company", "id": "12292989" }, { "contents": "The Sound of Drums\n\n\nby then BBC staff designer James Acheson prior to his film career, the huge stiff collars of these outfits remained the distinctive look for officials of the Doctor's race. The collars used were the originals, on loan from the Doctor Who Exhibition in Blackpool. The Seal of Rassilon—the equally well-established Gallifreyan symbol employed by Acheson (originally in the non-Time Lord-related \"Revenge of the Cybermen\")—appears here for the first time since its prominent use in the television movie. When talking to the world's press", "id": "5411129" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (season 12)\n\n\nThe twelfth season of British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\" began on 28 December 1974 with Tom Baker's first serial \"Robot\", and ended with \"Revenge of the Cybermen\" on 10 May 1975. This is the first season to feature Tom Baker as the fourth incarnation of the Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS, which appears to be a British police box on the outside. He is accompanied by companions Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen), continuing from", "id": "15112879" }, { "contents": "The Time of the Doctor\n\n\n. In August 2013, it was revealed that the Cybermen would feature in the Christmas episode, when one of the show's regular stunt artists, Darrelle \"Daz\" Parker, tweeted that she would be playing a Cyberman. On 23 November 2013, the teaser trailer released on BBC One after \"The Day of the Doctor\" revealed that the Daleks, Weeping Angels, and the Silence would also be appearing in the episode. Although the Daleks and the Cybermen had previously met in \"Doomsday\" and \"The Pandorica Opens", "id": "5096132" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\n\" (1985) is set much earlier in the Cyber-Wars than \"Revenge\"—during a time when the Cybermen faced defeat following the human invention of the glittergun and the discovery of gold-rich Voga. The Cybermen attempt to use a time machine to avert the destruction of Mondas. Their plan fails and, due to the intervention of the Sixth Doctor (Colin Baker), they also lose their adopted homeworld of Telos to its original inhabitants, the Cryons. The Cybermen appeared for a final time in the classic series in", "id": "7071271" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\nthe Cybermen signal. The Doctor leaves on his own to locate the Cybermen at the store; Craig shortly follows, bringing Alfie along. The Doctor finds the spaceship actually sits below the store, underground, accessed from the changing room. With the siphoned energy, the Cybermen will soon have enough power to convert the human race. Craig, leaving Alfie at the store, follows the Doctor, and is captured and placed into a conversion machine to become the new leader of the Cybermen. Alfie's cries over the closed-", "id": "9307571" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (series 5)\n\n\nindicated that he was a \"professor and student at the same time\" and gave him \"that quality that the Doctor's still learning, but also has some authority\". Smith suggested a bow tie; Holman and others did not approve, but when he put it on they decided that they had his costume. According to the actor, he was influenced by the Second Doctor's costume in \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\". Other inspirations were the \"element of a professor\" and \"big, dusty boots", "id": "18203825" }, { "contents": "Doomsday (Doctor Who)\n\n\n\"Doomsday\" is the thirteenth and final episode in the second series of the revival of the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\". It was first broadcast on 8 July 2006 and is the conclusion of a two-part story; the first part, \"Army of Ghosts\", was broadcast on 1 July 2006. The two-part story features the Daleks, presumed extinct after the events of the 2005 series' finale, and the Cybermen, who appeared in a parallel universe in the 2006 episodes \"", "id": "13927286" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\nseason finale to bring out the softer side of the Doctor. Digital Spy's Morgan Jeffery praised Smith, Corden, and Lynda Baron as Val, and felt that it was a \"relief\" to have a fun episode after two emotional heavy ones. However, he did not think it was as good as \"The Lodger\" and thought the Cybermen were \"wasted\", citing the conclusion of Craig blowing them up with love as \"unsatisfactory\". Andrew Blair of Den of Geek defended the Cybermen in the episode,", "id": "9307594" }, { "contents": "Revenge of the Cybermen\n\n\nRevenge of the Cybermen is the fifth and final serial of the 12th season of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 19 April to 10 May 1975. It was the first to feature the Cybermen since 1968's \"The Invasion\". The serial is set on Space Station Nerva, now called Nerva Beacon, and the \"planet of gold\" Voga, thousands of years before \"The Ark in Space\". In the serial, the Cybermen", "id": "22019614" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who\n\n\nmore companions to share these adventures. These companions are usually humans, owing to the Doctor's fascination with planet Earth, which also leads to frequent collaborations with the international military task force UNIT when the Earth is threatened. The Doctor is centuries old and, as a Time Lord, has the ability to regenerate in case of mortal damage to the body, taking on a new appearance and personality. The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during their travels, including the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master, another renegade", "id": "8220835" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who\n\n\nin Series 7, and Zygons in the 50th Anniversary Special. Since its 2005 return, the series has also introduced new recurring aliens: Slitheen (Raxacoricofallapatorians), Ood, Judoon, Weeping Angels and the Silence. Besides infrequent appearances by enemies such as the Ice Warriors, Ogrons, the Rani, and Black Guardian, three adversaries have become particularly iconic: the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master. The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are \"Doctor Who\"s oldest villains", "id": "8220895" }, { "contents": "Revenge of the Cybermen\n\n\nCybermen, trying to push gold dust into their chest plates. However, the Cybermen are too strong, and Harry and the Doctor are forced to retreat. Lester leaps onto the Cybermen and undoes his harness, the explosion killing both himself and the Cybermen in a burst of flames. With the loss of contact, the Cyber Leader orders immediate detonation. Sarah tries to stop them but is thrown to the floor. However, when the button is pressed, no explosion follows. The Doctor has managed to disarm the countdown device", "id": "22019639" }, { "contents": "The Tomb of the Cybermen\n\n\nWho production staff who shared their memories and perspectives of Patrick Troughton. It also appeared on Australian Broadcasting Corporation's iView exclusively, part of their celebration for Doctor Who's 50th anniversary. Following the transmission of the first episode, the BBC's Head of Drama Sydney Newman personally congratulated Peter Bryant on what he had seen, which Bryant later recalled: \"Coming from the man who created \"Doctor Who\" that was the ultimate compliment, even more so seeing as it was my first job as producer.\" However, the", "id": "14103263" }, { "contents": "Silver Nemesis\n\n\nNemesis, a statue containing a living metal which crash-landed near Windsor Castle in 1988. It is the last appearance of the Cybermen in the original run of \"Doctor Who\". The Seventh Doctor and Ace visit England in 1988, where three rival factions—the Cybermen, a group of neo-Nazis and a 17th-century sorceress named Lady Peinforte—are attempting to gain control of a statue made of a living metal, validium, that was created by Omega and Rassilon as the ultimate defence for Gallifrey.", "id": "17734039" }, { "contents": "The Five Doctors\n\n\nversions of the Doctor before finding the Fifth just as they are surrounded by Cybermen. The Master is knocked out and the Doctor finds the recall device to return to the Citadel. When the Master awakes he makes a pact with the Cybermen to lead them to the tower, but tricks them into falling for the Death Zone's traps. As the other Doctors and companions converge on the tower, the Fifth Doctor works with the Council, discovering the recall device given to the Master included a tracking signal to lead the Cybermen to", "id": "15307921" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\nfirst appearance of the Cybermats in the revival of \"Doctor Who\", and they were appropriately redesigned. Much of the episode was filmed in a department store and a private home in Cardiff at night, with shooting going early into the morning. \"Closing Time\" was watched by 6.93 million viewers in the UK and received generally positive reviews from critics; while the performances, comedy, and emotional moments were praised, many critics were not pleased with the usage of the Cybermen. The Doctor is on a farewell tour of", "id": "9307568" }, { "contents": "The Tomb of the Cybermen\n\n\nby Titan Books in August 1989. It was the second in that publisher's series of \"Doctor Who\" script books, following \"The Tribe of Gum\". There was no video copy of \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" in the BBC archives at the time that the book was prepared. With the recovery of the film prints, the planned soundtrack release was delayed until 1993, when contractual obligations forced its release. See List of \"Doctor Who\" audio releases. Following the 1993 cassette release, on 1", "id": "14103271" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\n, where small groups of Cybermen attempt to manipulate humans into setting up conversion factories on Earth. They appear in \"Human Resources\", which Big Finish produced for radio BBC 7 and subsequently released on CD, and sees the Eighth Doctor averting a plan to take control of a new weapons system. In the Fourth Doctor Adventures audio \"The Fate of Krelos\"/\"Return to Telos\", the Fourth Doctor, Leela and K9 discover that the Cybermen planted nanobots on Jamie during their past trip to Telos that allow the Cybermen to infect K9", "id": "7071292" }, { "contents": "Paradise Towers\n\n\nappear in both the classic and new series of \"Doctor Who\". Julie Brennon, who played Fire Escape, was married at the time to Mark Strickson, who had been the Fifth Doctor's companion Vislor Turlough. Richard Briers – The Chief Caretaker – later appears in the \"Torchwood\" episode \"A Day in the Death\" as Henry Parker. See also Celebrity appearances in Doctor Who. Clive Merrison previously played Jim Callum in \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\". In a 2007 comedy article, Digital Spy named", "id": "21579010" }, { "contents": "Yeti (Doctor Who)\n\n\ndid have a part in the 20th anniversary special \"The Five Doctors\". They also appear in the 1990s \"Virgin Missing Adventures\" novels and the 1995 Reeltime spin-off production \"Downtime\". The Great Intelligence has since returned in Series 7 of the revived series, portrayed by Sir Ian McKellen and Richard E Grant, without the aid of its Yeti servants. The Yeti, along with contemporary villains such as the Cybermen and Ice Warriors, were an effort by the production team to create replacement monsters for the Daleks", "id": "19078977" }, { "contents": "The Time of the Doctor\n\n\nalso filmed to be incorporated in both the previous and following episodes; Matt Smith also filmed a scene intended to be incorporated into the first episode of Series 8, while Peter Capaldi was filmed for his brief introductory cameo that was part of \"The Day of the Doctor\". On 5 October 2013, \"Doctor Who\" producer Marcus Wilson revealed via Twitter that filming was complete. A sneak preview for the episode was shown after the simulcast of \"The Day of the Doctor\", confirming the appearance of the Cybermen and", "id": "5096136" }, { "contents": "Star Trek: The Next Generation/Doctor Who: Assimilation2\n\n\nand his \"Enterprise\". The \"Enterprise\" crew begins work on adding gold to its weapons, since it is effective against Cybermen, while the TARDIS goes back in time to retrieve a vital piece of Borg technology that had been lost to the Cybermen. A strike force led by the Doctor and Picard then infiltrates the Cybermen's main vessel and, with the help of the \"Enterprise\"s gold-enhanced weapons, defeats the Cybermen. The Doctor and his companions return to their own universe aboard the TARDIS; meanwhile the", "id": "2784569" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nagainst the Cybermen, defeating them. They have also appeared in the various \"Doctor Who\" comic strips, beginning with \"The Coming of the Cybermen\" in \"TV Comic\" #824-#827. TV Comic cashed in on their frequent presence in the TV series in the late 1960s by featuring them regularly, and they appeared in \"Flower Power\" (TVC #832-#835), \"Cyber-Mole\" (TVC #842-#845), \"The Cyber Empire\" (TVC #850-#853), \"Eskimo Joe\" (", "id": "7071298" }, { "contents": "David Banks (actor)\n\n\nDoctor Who – Cybermen\", illustrated by Andrew Skilleter (Who Dares Publishing, 1988), which encompasses the history and conceptual origins of cybermen. He adapted the book into four audio cassettes, The ArcHive Tapes, which he also narrated. (These were re-released on CD in 2013 with bonus material by Explore Multimedia.) He later wrote the novel \"Iceberg\" (Virgin, 1993) for the Virgin New Adventures range of \"Doctor Who\" spin-off novels, which was set in 2006, when", "id": "2299446" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\nwas subsequently misused in \"Loving the Alien\", written by the same authors. The Fifth Doctor story \"Warmonger\" by Terrance Dicks has the Cybermen join the Doctor's alliance against Morbius. The First Doctor story \"The Time Travellers\" by Simon Guerrier, set in an alternate reality, has the Cybermen (who are never named) living at the South Pole and trading advanced technology to South Africa. The Eighth Doctor Adventures novel \"Hope\" by Mark Clapham features the Silverati, a group of cybernetically enhanced humans heavily", "id": "7071289" }, { "contents": "The Five Doctors\n\n\nCybermen placing their bomb outside the TARDIS while Susan and Turlough watch, and the Master appearing behind the First Doctor and Tegan while in the Dark Tower. This is the only programme from the classic series of \"Doctor Who\" for which all recorded and filmed material, including alternate and unused takes, fluffed scenes and so forth, still exists in broadcast-quality format. This allowed for the creation of the 1995 version of the story. \"The Five Doctors\" was recorded in four-channel stereo, but broadcast in", "id": "15307931" }, { "contents": "The Tomb of the Cybermen\n\n\nof peters out\" and the villains' motivations were \"convoluted\". In 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 listed the cliffhanger to the second episode – in which the Cybermen break out of their tombs – as one of the greatest cliffhangers in the history of \"Doctor Who\". When the BBC's film archive was first properly audited in 1978, this serial was one of many believed missing (although it is absent in earlier 1976 listings). This story was prepared for release in early 1992 on cassette as part", "id": "14103268" }, { "contents": "Cyberman\n\n\ncostume changes over \"Doctor Who\"s long run, as well as a number of varying origin stories. In their first appearance, \"The Tenth Planet\" (1966), they are humans from Earth's nearly identical \"twin planet\" of Mondas who upgraded themselves into cyborgs in a bid for self-preservation. Forty years later, \"The Age of Steel\" (2006) depicted the Cybermen as a business corporation's invention on a parallel universe version of Earth. \"Doctor Who\" audio dramas, novels, and", "id": "7071257" }, { "contents": "Telos (Doctor Who)\n\n\n. However, the Cybermen were intent on converting all of the expedition and once more begin their expansion. The Second Doctor and companions Jamie McCrimmon and Victoria Waterfield were on hand to help the survivors of the expedition escape the tombs and then reseal them, though a Cybermat was able to escape. However, this respite was short-lived, as in the 26th century the Cybermen had once again developed into a galactic threat. When the Sixth Doctor arrived on Telos inside the tombs, the Cyber Controller captured him and imprisoned him", "id": "16876663" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (series 3)\n\n\n, which ultimately is revealed to be the return of the Doctor's enemy Time Lord the Master, first played by Derek Jacobi before regenerating into John Simm. In \"Gridlock\", the Macra, which originally appeared in \"The Macra Terror\" in Season 4, became the fourth monster from the classic series to make an appearance in the revival after the Autons, the Daleks and the Cybermen. Three episodes from Series 3 were adapted from previously published works: \"Human Nature\" / \"The Family of Blood\" was", "id": "17915294" }, { "contents": "The Next Doctor\n\n\nthe Cyberking starts to topple, the Doctor draws it into the Time Vortex with technology from Jackson's cellar, saving London. According to Neil Gaiman, the Cybus Industries Cybermen \"zapped off into time and space\" by the Doctor at the end of this episode eventually encountered the Mondas Cybermen; their \"cross-breeding and interchange of technology\" resulted in the variety of Cybermen seen in \"Nightmare in Silver\". Pre-broadcast publicity, based on excerpts from Davies' book \"Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale", "id": "4910605" }, { "contents": "Nightmare in Silver\n\n\nsecond half of series 7, but could be delayed, as happened with \"The Doctor's Wife\". On redesigning the Cybermen, Gaiman thought back to classic series serials \"The Moonbase\" (1967) and \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" (1967) and decided to \"take the 1960s Cybermen and [incorporate] everything that's happened since\". However, Gaiman said that he \"got completely side-tracked by a mad, strange romp\". Moffat stated that the Cybermen were redesigned because they did", "id": "6945216" }, { "contents": "Rise of the Cybermen\n\n\nWarrington, who plays the President, previously provided the voice for Time Lord founder Rassilon in the \"Doctor Who\" audio plays \"Seasons of Fear\", \"Neverland\", and \"Zagreus\" produced by Big Finish Productions. Helen Griffin later appeared in the audio play \"Cobwebs\". Paul Antony-Barber later played Ludovic Comfort in the audio play \"The Magic Mousetrap\". Graeme Harper is the first director to have directed stories in the original and new series of \"Doctor Who\", having previously directed \"", "id": "16548074" }, { "contents": "Telos (Doctor Who)\n\n\nTelos is a fictional planet from the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It is an arid and mountainous planet, with little sign of vegetation. Beneath its surface, however, are the legendary tombs of the Cybermen. The planet was featured in the serials \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" (1967) and \"Attack of the Cybermen\" (1985). Telos was originally covered entirely in ice, and inhabited by the Cryons, humanoids who could survive only in the cold. As temperatures rose,", "id": "16876660" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who spin-offs\n\n\ninitially starred in the play for the first half of its run, reprising the Third Doctor. For the second half of the run, Colin Baker starred as the Sixth Doctor. For two performances during Pertwee's tenure, Davis Banks (best known for playing various Cybermen in the TV series) played the Doctor when Pertwee fell ill. From October to November 2010, \"Doctor Who Live\" toured in arenas across Britain. In July 2011, as part of the Manchester International Festival, a live production \"The Crash of", "id": "7503901" }, { "contents": "Borg\n\n\nthem to end the Borg once and for all. In the \"Doctor Who\"/\"Star Trek\" crossover comic, , the Borg join forces with the Cybermen. When the Cybermen subvert the Collective, the \"Enterprise\"-D crew work with the Eleventh Doctor and the Borg, restoring the Borg to full strength and erasing the Borg/Cyberman alliance from existence. Writers Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens developed an unproduced idea for an episode that would have featured Alice Krige as a Starfleet medical technician who encounters the Borg and is assimilated – thereby becoming", "id": "17239059" }, { "contents": "Grant Markham\n\n\nnumber of losses, but Grant lowered their base's temperature deactivating the Cybermen. The Doctor then destroyed the remaining Cybermen by sabotaging a cannon from the Cybermen's stolen Selachian warship. The description of an unnamed character that appeared in the short story \"Repercussions\" by Gary Russell (in the Big Finish Productions anthology \"\") resembled Grant. This character was a passenger on board an airship travelling through the Time Vortex. The airship carried various people whom the Doctor had placed there to stop them from being a danger to the Web", "id": "420427" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (season 5)\n\n\n\". Kilgarriff would reprise the role eighteen years later in \"Attack of the Cybermen\" (1985). \"The Web of Fear\" introduced Nicholas Courtney as Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart. He appeared next in the next season's \"The Invasion\", and became a regular supporting character in season 7 – season 13. He made subsequent appearances in season 20 and season 26. Victor Pemberton was script editor for \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\", with Peter Bryant as producer. After this Bryant resumed his role as", "id": "19205178" }, { "contents": "The Doctor (Doctor Who)\n\n\nIn the 2008 Christmas episode, The Next Doctor, the Tenth Doctor discovers an info stamp originally held by the Cybermen, which includes images of all his past selves. This is a clear affirmation of his past, and that the (then) current incarnation was indeed the Tenth. This was reaffirmed in the episode \"The Eleventh Hour\", when the Doctor asks the Atraxi whether this planet is protected. The Atraxi then shows 10 images, one of each Doctor from the first to the tenth, with the eleventh walking", "id": "7325054" }, { "contents": "Deborah Watling\n\n\nto 1968, though owing to the BBC's wiping policy of the time, \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" (1967) and \"The Enemy of the World\" (1967–1968) are the only serials in which she appeared that still exist in their entirety. She also appeared in \"Dimensions in Time\" (1993) and \"Downtime\" (1995). Watling also appeared in the \"Doctor Who\" audio drama \"Three's a Crowd\" and regularly attended \"Doctor Who\" conventions and events. In", "id": "12402060" }, { "contents": "Doctor Who (season 5)\n\n\nThe fifth season of British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\" began on 2 September 1967 with the first story of season 5 \"The Tomb of the Cybermen\" and ended on 1 June 1968 with \"The Wheel in Space\". Only 22 out of 40 episodes are held in the BBC archives; 18 remain missing. As a result, only 2 serials exist entirely. Patrick Troughton, Frazer Hines and Deborah Watling appear as The Second Doctor, Jamie McCrimmon and Victoria Waterfield respectively. Deborah Watling departs in the penultimate", "id": "19205176" }, { "contents": "Rise of the Cybermen\n\n\nescape the house and encounter Mickey and the Preachers outside. As the group is surrounded by Cybermen, the Doctor tells everyone to surrender and tells the Cybermen that they are volunteering for the upgrade. The Cybermen tell them that they are incompatible and will be deleted. \"Doctor Who Magazine\" #368 confirmed that this story was inspired by the Big Finish Productions audio play \"Spare Parts\". Russell T Davies had previously described (along with \"The Holy Terror\") as \"some of the finest drama ever written for", "id": "16548065" }, { "contents": "Closing Time (Doctor Who)\n\n\n's \"redecorated\" house by using a line from the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) in \"The Three Doctors\" (1973) and \"The Five Doctors\" (1983). The Doctor recites the mini-poem \"Not a rat, a cybermat\" from the novelisation of \"Revenge of the Cybermen\". Amy has become a minor celebrity, appearing in an ad for Petrichor perfume, with the tagline, \"For the girl who's tired of waiting.\" The concept of petrichor was used as a", "id": "9307576" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Oklahoma\n\n\nCentral Oklahoma is the geographical name for the central region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is also known by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Frontier Country, defined as the twelve-county region including Canadian, Grady, Logan, Oklahoma, Cleveland, McClain, Payne, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Seminole, Okfuskee, and Hughes counties. Central Oklahoma is dominated by the largest urban area in the state, the Greater Oklahoma City area. Oklahoma City is the political, economic, tourism, commercial, industrial, financial", "id": "1485276" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma\n\n\nnear the town of Idabel, which dips to above sea level. Among the most geographically diverse states, Oklahoma is one of four to harbor more than 10 distinct ecological regions, with 11 in its borders—more per square mile than in any other state. Its western and eastern halves, however, are marked by extreme differences in geographical diversity: Eastern Oklahoma touches eight ecological regions and its western half contains three. Although having fewer ecological regions Western Oklahoma contains many rare, relic species. Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges", "id": "2580968" }, { "contents": "Southwestern Oklahoma\n\n\nSouthwest Oklahoma is a geographical name for the southwest portion of the state of Oklahoma, typically considered to be south of the Canadian River, extending eastward from the Texas border to a line roughly from Weatherford, to Anadarko, to Duncan. Geologically, the region is defined by a failed continental rift known as the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen. The austere nature of the prairie landscape with intermittent island ranges has made it a favorable place for artists and photographers alike. For tourism purposes, the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department has designated Southwestern Oklahoma", "id": "18162254" }, { "contents": "Geography of Oklahoma\n\n\nThe Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains. Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions, more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin. It is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Usually considered part of the South Central United States, Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New", "id": "17799926" }, { "contents": "South Central Oklahoma\n\n\nSouth Central Oklahoma is an amorphous region in the state of Oklahoma, perhaps encompassing 10 counties. It is centered on the Arbuckle Mountains, an ancient, eroded range traversing some across the region, and surrounded by rivers and lakes, notably Lake Texoma, Lake Murray and Lake of the Arbuckles. For tourism purposes, the Oklahoma Department of Tourism has more narrowly defined South Central Oklahoma, which they refer to as Chickasaw Country, as being a seven-county region including Pontotoc, Johnston, Marshall, Garvin, Murray, Carter", "id": "16360187" }, { "contents": "Geology of the United States\n\n\nsnow into this region does not escape out of it; not one of the streams that originate within this basin ever find an outlet to the ocean. The extent of internal drainage, the area in which surface water cannot reach the ocean, defines the geographic region called the Great Basin. The Great Basin's internal drainage results from blockage of water movement by high fault-created mountains and by lack of sufficient water flow to merge with larger drainages outside of the Great Basin. This internally-drained area occupies approximately ,", "id": "17519762" }, { "contents": "Southeastern United States\n\n\nSurvey considers the Southeast region to be Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, plus Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. There is no official Census Bureau definition of the southeastern United States; instead, they divide a larger region including Texas and Oklahoma designated as the \"South\" into three subregions none of which are conventionally considered to define the southeast. The nonprofit American Association of Geographers defines the southeastern United States as Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky", "id": "8940393" }, { "contents": "Sun\n\n\ndoes not occur at a well-defined altitude. Rather, it forms a kind of nimbus around chromospheric features such as spicules and filaments, and is in constant, chaotic motion. The transition region is not easily visible from Earth's surface, but is readily observable from space by instruments sensitive to the extreme ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. The corona is the next layer of the Sun. The low corona, near the surface of the Sun, has a particle density around 10 m to 10 m. The average temperature of", "id": "6977639" }, { "contents": "NFTY\n\n\n). While resisted at first, regions adapted to the new names and sometime began to pronounce the geographic abbreviation. For example, TOFTY (Texas-Oklahoma Federation of Temple Youth) became NFTY-TOR (Texas-Oklahoma Region) and is often called simply \"TOR\" (pronounced \"tour\"). During the conversion, SEFTY became NFTY-SER, and then in 2001 split into two regions: NFTY-SAR (the previous Northern Region of SEFTY/NFTY-SER, plus the Jacksonville and Tallahassee TYGs", "id": "6032251" }, { "contents": "East Hesse Highlands\n\n\nfrom the lower Jurassic and Tertiary periods have been preserved here. The Hesse Environmental Atlas distinguishes the following major geographical units (three-figure numbers): The \"East Hesse Highlands\" is bounded immediately to the east by the West Hesse Highlands and Lowlands. Almost all of the region is formed by Bunter sandstone and this defines both its relief and the surface of the land apart from occasional layers of overlying volcanic basalt. All the prominent ridges are, at least partly, characterised by volcanic features. Between the Hoher Meissner (", "id": "2758959" }, { "contents": "Geographical regions of Turkey\n\n\nThe geographical regions of Turkey comprise seven regions () which were originally defined at the country's First Geography Congress in 1941. These seven regions are subdivided into twenty one sections (), which are further split into numerous areas () as defined by microclimate and bounded by local geographic formations. \"Regions\" as defined in this context are merely for geographic, demographic, and economic purposes, and do not refer to an administrative division. The Aegean Region has: The Black Sea Region has: The Central Anatolia Region has", "id": "7319835" }, { "contents": "Longitude\n\n\n0.016 geographical mile or . Planetary co-ordinate systems are defined relative to their mean axis of rotation and various definitions of longitude depending on the body. The longitude systems of most of those bodies with observable rigid surfaces have been defined by references to a surface feature such as a crater. The north pole is that pole of rotation that lies on the north side of the invariable plane of the solar system (near the ecliptic). The location of the prime meridian as well as the position of the body's north pole", "id": "17699234" }, { "contents": "South Central Oklahoma\n\n\nMarshall, Murray and Pontotoc. The Arbuckle Mountains are the defining geographical entity in this region, with peaks (once taller than the Rockies) eroded down to their current elevation of 200-300' above the surrounding terrain. Many lakes are also located throughout the region, often shaped by the irregular topography of the underlying Arbuckle range. Larger manmade lakes include Lake Texoma, with over , and Lake Murray, a lake impounded about south of Ardmore. Fishing, boating and swimming are popular throughout the region, especially on Lake", "id": "16360191" }, { "contents": "Geographical feature\n\n\ngrasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate. Unlike ecozones, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorized by features such as elevation", "id": "9194225" }, { "contents": "Bristol Bay Native Corporation\n\n\nservices, occupational safety and health training, and medical assistant training. The Bristol Bay region encompasses of about 40 million acres (140,000 km²), about the size of the state of Oklahoma. Of this, BBNC's land entitlement under ANCSA includes 101,500 acres (411 km²) of surface estate and 2,716,000 acres (10,990 km²) subsurface estate. The Bristol Bay region is situated 150 miles southwest of Anchorage. The region’s communities are geographically isolated from the rest of the state and in most cases from one another. Most", "id": "19126039" }, { "contents": "Tharsis\n\n\non how the region is defined, Tharsis covers 10–30 million km, or up to 25% of Mars’ surface area. The greater Tharsis region consists of several geologically distinct subprovinces with different ages and volcano-tectonic histories. The subdivisions given here are informal and may comprise all or parts of other formally named physiographic features and regions. Tharsis is divided into two broad rises, a northern and a larger southern rise. The northern rise partially overlies sparsely cratered, lowland plains north of the dichotomy boundary. This region is dominated", "id": "17366220" }, { "contents": "List of regions of Canada\n\n\nbe defined as geographic groupings of counties, regional municipalities, and territorial districts, so that the regions are defined by a system or collection of borders that have local administrative importance. In other large provinces, the primary and secondary geographic regions are defined more strictly by topographical and ecological boundaries. In geographically diverse provinces, the secondary regions can be further subdivided into numerous local regions and even sub-regions. British Columbia has a much greater number of local regions and sub-regions than the other provinces and territories due to its", "id": "1734821" }, { "contents": "Titan (moon)\n\n\n\"lava\" composed of water and ammonia. Global maps of the lake distribution on Titan's surface revealed that there is not enough surface methane to account for its continued presence in its atmosphere, and thus that a significant portion must be added through volcanic processes. Still, there is a paucity of surface features that can be unambiguously interpreted as cryovolcanoes. One of the first of such features revealed by \"Cassini\" radar observations in 2004, called Ganesa Macula, resembles the geographic features called \"pancake domes\" found on Venus", "id": "3295664" }, { "contents": "Southwestern Oklahoma\n\n\nhills, Southwest Oklahoma is atypical to the rest of the Great Plains region of the United States, as it is less dry than adjacent West Texas and contains many geographic features which further differentiates the unique climate. The area has a humid subtropical climate, receiving anywhere from about 20 inches of precipitation annually in the far west, to 35 inches annually in the eastern section. Monsoon-like rains are common in the spring months, while periods of drought can occur throughout other parts of the year. The region has several small", "id": "18162257" }, { "contents": "Geographical distance\n\n\nGeographical distance is the distance measured along the surface of the earth. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic problem. Calculating the distance between geographical coordinates is based on some level of abstraction; it does not provide an \"exact\" distance, which is unattainable if one attempted to account for every irregularity in the surface of the earth. Common abstractions for the surface between two geographic", "id": "13983039" }, { "contents": "Stratford, Oklahoma\n\n\nStratford is a town in Garvin County, Oklahoma, United States. Prior to Oklahoma statehood in 1907, the town existed under different names and was in the Chickasaw Nation in a geographic region known as Indian Territory. Peach orchards abound in and around the town. The population was 1,525 at the 2010 census. Stratford was originally the town of McGee, which was established in 1891. At the time, it was part of the Chickasaw Nation in an unorganized geographic region of the United States known as Indian Territory In 1906 the", "id": "7136224" }, { "contents": "Northwestern Oklahoma\n\n\nNorthwestern Oklahoma is the geographical region of the state of Oklahoma which includes the Oklahoma Panhandle and a majority of the Cherokee Outlet, stretching to an eastern extent along Interstate 35, and its southern extent along the Canadian River to Noble County. Northwest Oklahoma is also known by its Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Red Carpet Country, which is named after the region's red soil and alludes to the metaphor that the panhandle is a \"red carpet\" into Oklahoma. The region consists of Cimarron, Texas, Beaver, Harper,", "id": "18221254" }, { "contents": "Malpai Borderlands\n\n\n\" Borderlands. Some references describe it as being inside the Chihuahuan Desert. Papers on the region describe geographic features that partly define it. The United States portion of this region probably includes portions of Grant County, New Mexico, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and Cochise County, Arizona. Major geographic features of the area include portions of the San Simon, San Bernardino, Animas, and Playas valleys as well as rivers of the same name. Except for Arizona's San Simon Valley and San Simon River, the areas mentioned", "id": "18865590" }, { "contents": "Latitude\n\n\nthe correspondence being along the normal to the reference surface which passes through the point on the physical surface. Latitude and longitude together with some specification of height constitute a geographic coordinate system as defined in the specification of the ISO 19111 standard. Since there are many different reference ellipsoids, the precise latitude of a feature on the surface is not unique: this is stressed in the ISO standard which states that \"without the full specification of the coordinate reference system, coordinates (that is latitude and longitude) are ambiguous at best and", "id": "17699169" }, { "contents": "Skaro\n\n\nof Skaro\", which mentions the Crystal Continent, Serpent Island and a feature called The Rocks, consisting of stone needles projecting thousands of feet high out of the sea and populated by gigantic flying creatures. Other areas listed are a prison colony, a region populated by the mutated descendants of prisoners used in early Dalek neutron weapon tests and The Swamp Lands, described as possibly being a vast, living organism that engulfs and feeds upon anything coming near its surface. Other Skarosian geographical features are mentioned in the \"TV21\" comic", "id": "10089819" }, { "contents": "Mapping of Venus\n\n\nthe proposed global stratigraphy. Also, there are some regional features being classified regionally. The United States Geological Survey defines sixty two cartographic quadrangles for the surface of Venus, with V-1 as the north pole region and V-62 as the south pole region. Base on the FMAPs, different groups of Venus researchers are mapping different quadrangles for the surface of Venus, resulting in different type of units defined. Here are some examples of quadrangle mapping and their ways of classifying and grouping observed geological units. Some of them are having a similar", "id": "14725235" }, { "contents": "Geology of the United States\n\n\noverall appearance of the region. The Basin and Range province should not be confused with The Great Basin, which is a sub-section of the greater Basin and Range physiographic region defined by its unique hydrological characteristics (internal drainage). The Great Basin is the geographical and hydrological region comprising most of Nevada, southern Oregon and Idaho, western Utah, and a little of eastern California. Characterized by internal drainage, this region's surface water sources evaporate or percolate before the can flow to the ocean. The Basin and Range", "id": "17519760" }, { "contents": "Choropleth map\n\n\nBaron Pierre Charles Dupin. They were first called \"\"cartes teintées\"\" (\"coloured map\" in French). The term \"choroplethe map\" was introduced in 1938 by the geographer John Kirtland Wright in \"Problems in Population Mapping\". Choropleth maps are based on statistical data aggregated over previously defined regions (e.g., counties), in contrast to area-class and isarithmic maps, in which region boundaries are defined by data patterns. Thus, where defined regions are important to a discussion, as in an", "id": "11182352" }, { "contents": "High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy\n\n\ntheory, one to draw conclusions about surface properties of a sample. Excitations of the surface structure are usually very low energy, ranging from 10 eV to 10 eV. In HREELS spectra electrons with only small energy losses, like also Raman scattering, the interesting features are all located very close together and especially near to the very strong elastic scattering peak. Hence EELS spectrometers require a high energy resolution. Therefore, this regime of EELS is called High Resolution EELS. In this context resolution shall be defined as the energy difference in which", "id": "13464829" }, { "contents": "Latitude\n\n\nIn geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or \"parallels\", run east–west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth. On its own, the term latitude", "id": "17699166" }, { "contents": "North Magnetic Pole\n\n\n-order approximation, Earth's magnetic field can be modeled as a simple dipole (like a bar magnet), tilted about 10° with respect to Earth's rotation axis (which defines the Geographic North and Geographic South Poles) and centered at Earth's center. The North and South Geomagnetic Poles are the antipodal points where the axis of this theoretical dipole intersects Earth's surface. If Earth's magnetic field were a perfect dipole then the field lines would be vertical at the Geomagnetic Poles, and they would coincide with the", "id": "10005260" }, { "contents": "Initial point\n\n\nIn surveying, an initial point is a datum (a specific point on the surface of the earth) that marks the beginning point for a cadastral survey. The initial point establishes a local geographic coordinate system for the surveys that refer to that point. An initial point is defined by the intersection of a principal meridian and a base line. A principal meridian and base line are usually established based on a preselected initial point, often some distinct geographical feature. As an example, the first established initial point in California was the", "id": "19114667" }, { "contents": "Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor\n\n\nfederally recognized National Heritage Ages. Heritage areas allow local communities to cooperate on efforts to preserve the resources that are important to them. This partnership approach to heritage development allows collaboration around a theme, industry, and/or geographical feature that influenced the region's culture and history. This strategy encourages individuals and agencies to prioritized programs and projects that recognize, preserve, and celebrate many of America's defining landscapes. In 2013, work was completed on 10 miles of trail from White Haven to Mountain Top. This section of the trail is", "id": "5915924" }, { "contents": "Subantarctic\n\n\nregion comprises two geographic zones and three distinct fronts. The northernmost boundary of the subantarctic region is the rather ill-defined Subtropical Front (STF), also referred to as the Subtropical Convergence. To the south of the STF is a geographic zone, the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ). South of the SAZ is the Subantarctic Front (SAF). South of the SAF is another marine zone, called the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ). The SAZ and the PFZ together form the subantarctic region. The southernmost boundary of", "id": "10807434" }, { "contents": "Geography of Thailand\n\n\ncontrast, the distinguishing natural features of peninsular Thailand are long coastlines, offshore islands, and diminishing mangrove swamps. Thailand uses a unit of land area called the \"rai\", which is . The National Research Council divides Thailand into six geographical regions, based on natural features including landforms and drainage, as well as human cultural patterns. They are, namely: the North Region, the Northeast Region, the Central Region, the East Region, the West Region and the South Region of Thailand. Although Bangkok geographically is part", "id": "11083786" }, { "contents": "Harrah, Oklahoma\n\n\nand fire station. Harrah is a small city in Oklahoma with a total land area of and no water. The city's elevation is above sea level. It lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states in the United States. It lies between the larger cities of Oklahoma City to the west and Shawnee, Oklahoma, to the east, in Oklahoma County. Harrah is located in the Crosstimbers ecoregion and the Frontier Country tourism region. Oklahoma is located in a temperate region and experiences occasional", "id": "7247724" }, { "contents": "Central Oklahoma\n\n\n, and geographical hub of the state, as well as being its primary cultural center. The only Central Oklahoma city which is not officially considered a suburb of Oklahoma City is Stillwater, Oklahoma. Central Oklahoma is a humid-subtropical region dominated by the Cross Timbers, an area of prairie and patches of forest at the eastern extent of the Great Plains. The region is essentially a transition buffer between the wetter and more forested Eastern Oklahoma and the semi-arid high plains of Western Oklahoma, and experiences extreme swings between dry", "id": "1485277" }, { "contents": "Physiographic regions of the world\n\n\n. The same source continues by stating \"In a large fashion geodynamics is intimately associated with certain branches of geology, as sedimentation, while geomorphology connects physiography with geography. The dynamic interlude representing the active phase of physiography weaves the basic threads of geologic history.\" The U.S. Geological Survey defines physiography as a study of \"Features and attributes of earth's land surface\", while geomorphology is defined separately as \"Branch of geology dealing with surface land features and the processes that create and change them\". Partly due to this", "id": "14674574" }, { "contents": "California State Water Resources Control Board\n\n\nvary from region to region. The Regional Water Boards develop basin plans for their natural geographic characteristics that affect the overland flow of water in their area, govern requirements for and issue waste discharge permits, take enforcement action against dischargers who violate permits or otherwise harm water quality in surface waters, and monitor water quality. The Regional Water Boards are unusual in this state because their boundaries follow natural mountain chains and ridges that define watersheds rather than political boundaries. The 9 Regional Water Quality Control Boards are the: The Water Boards released", "id": "19535164" }, { "contents": "Trapped surface\n\n\nClosed trapped surfaces are a concept used in black hole solutions of general relativity which describe the inner region of an event horizon. Roger Penrose defined the notion of closed trapped surfaces in 1965. A trapped surface is one where light is not moving away from the black hole. The boundary of the union of all trapped surfaces around a black hole is called an apparent horizon. A related term trapped null surface is often used interchangeably. However, when discussing causal horizons, trapped null surfaces are defined as only null vector fields giving", "id": "17853108" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma\n\n\n, second only to California (though, it should be noted only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present). Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the \"Bible Belt\". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, with the Republican Party having the greater number of voters registered between the two parties. Tulsa, the state's second-largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the", "id": "2581006" }, { "contents": "Chaac-Camaxtli region\n\n\nThe Chaac-Camaxtli region is a volcanic region on Jupiter's moon Io, located from approximately 5 to 20°N and 130 to 160°W in its anti-Jovian hemisphere. It consists mainly of the hummocky bright plains that occupy the surface. This area is defined on the west by Chaac Patera, and on the east by Camaxtli Patera. At least 10 distinct volcanic centers are located in the region, making it a volcanically active region on Io's surface. Most of the volcanism here is expressed as paterae", "id": "1762112" }, { "contents": "Geographical centre\n\n\nIn geography, the centroid of the two-dimensional shape of a region of the Earth's surface (projected radially to sea level or onto a geoid surface) is known as its geographical centre or geographical center. There has long been debate over the methods of calculation of the geographical centres of various countries and regions, proposed methods include: Questions remain about how to include offshore islands. As noted in a USGS document \"There is no generally accepted definition of geographic center, and no completely satisfactory method for determining it.", "id": "11691438" }, { "contents": "Spatial reference system\n\n\nA spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities. A spatial reference system defines a specific map projection, as well as transformations between different spatial reference systems. Spatial reference systems are defined by the OGC's Simple Feature Access using well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems, and support has been implemented by several standards-based geographic information systems. Spatial reference systems can be referred to using a SRID integer,", "id": "11689898" }, { "contents": "Mountain\n\n\nsteepness, spacing and continuity have been used as criteria for defining a mountain. In the Oxford English Dictionary a mountain is defined as \"a natural elevation of the earth surface rising more or less abruptly from the surrounding level and attaining an altitude which, relatively to the adjacent elevation, is impressive or notable.\" Whether a landform is called a mountain may depend on local usage. Mount Scott outside Lawton, Oklahoma, USA, is only from its base to its highest point. Whittow's \"Dictionary of Physical Geography\"", "id": "17055819" }, { "contents": "Geography of Pluto\n\n\nThe geography of Pluto entails the delineation and characterization of regions on Pluto. Plutonian geography is mainly focused on what is called physical geography on Earth; that is, the distribution of physical features across Pluto and their cartographic representations. On 14 July 2015, the \"New Horizons\" spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto. During its brief flyby, \"New Horizons\" made detailed geographical measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons. Pluto may be defined as having retrograde rotation and an axial tilt of 60 degrees,", "id": "8699608" }, { "contents": "Deccan Plateau\n\n\nthe Prakrit word ' or ', itself derived from the Sanskrit word \"\" (meaning \"southern\"), as the Deccan Plateau is located in the southern part of the subcontinent. The Deccan region has historically lacked an enduring geo-political centre, and has been defined in various ways. Geographers have attempted to define it using indices such as rainfall, vegetation, soil type or physical features. When considering physical features, it is taken to be the area bounded on North by the Narmada River, in East by", "id": "9340079" }, { "contents": "Downtown Oklahoma City\n\n\nDowntown Oklahoma City is located at the geographic center of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area and contains the principal, central business district of the region. The CBD has over 51,000 workers and over of leasable office space to-date. Downtown Oklahoma City is the legal, financial, economic, nightlife, and entertainment center of the region. Downtown Oklahoma City consists of several urban districts that ring the Central Business District; including the retail oriented A-Alley, the Arts District, the Bricktown Entertainment District, the Deep Deuce residential neighborhood", "id": "8924289" }, { "contents": "World map\n\n\nthan half of the earth's coastlines, let alone its interior regions, were known to any culture. New knowledge of the Earth's surface has been accumulating ever since and continues to this day. Maps of the world generally focus either on political features or on physical features. Political maps emphasize territorial boundaries and human settlement. Physical maps show geographic features such as mountains, soil type or land use. Geological maps show not only the surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. Choropleth", "id": "3415452" }, { "contents": "Smartville Block\n\n\nin the Smartville Block and within the metamorphic belts of the Sierra Nevada foothills were created through hydrothermal processes. Mineral rich groundwater is heated geothermally and injected towards the surface through fractures in the rock created from faulting. Gold and other minerals are precipitated from this fluid and have accumulated in the Sierra Nevadan metamorphic belt region in features called veins. The Smartville Block's eastern margin is the Rescue Lineament-Bear Mountains fault zone, and generally defines the range of gold-bearing veins of the Mother Lode region, important in the history", "id": "22207789" }, { "contents": "Geographic regions of Greece\n\n\nThe traditional geographic regions of Greece (, literally \"geographic departments\") are the country's main historical-geographic regions, and were also official administrative regional subdivisions of Greece until the 1987 administrative reform. Despite their replacement as first-level administrative units by the newly defined administrative regions (), the nine traditional geographic divisions—six on the mainland and three island groups—are still widely referred to in unofficial contexts and in daily discourse. As of 2011, the official administrative divisions of Greece consist of 13 regions (", "id": "13354590" }, { "contents": "Picher, Oklahoma\n\n\n, Picher was featured in a segment on the National Geographic Channel called \"The Watch\", in which one of a handful of holdouts still resides and watches over what is left of the town. Police investigating the Welch, Oklahoma murders of Danny and Kathy Freemen and the murders of Lauria Bible and Ashley Freeman filed charges containing statements from numerous witnesses and alleged accomplices who stated they had heard rumors that Ashley Freeman and Laura Bible were in a pit or mineshaft in Picher, or had been threatened by Warren Philip Welch, lead", "id": "7248111" }, { "contents": "Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler\n\n\nthat can be independently exchanged, extended, reused, or replaced. These building blocks or plug-ins are called eclipse \"plug-ins\" or \"extensions\". STEM plug-ins contain denominator data for administrative regions of interest. The regions are indexed by standard (ISO3166) codes. STEM currently includes a large number of plug-ins for the 244 countries and dependent areas defined by the Geographic Coding Standard maintained by the International Organization for Standardization. These plug-ins contain global data including geographic data, population", "id": "9642573" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma\n\n\nup Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the nation's highest number of artificial reservoirs. Most of the state lies in two primary drainage basins belonging to the Red and Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins. Due to Oklahoma's location at the confluence of many geographic regions, the state's climatic regions have a high rate of biodiversity. Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie,", "id": "2580971" }, { "contents": "S. Narasinga Rao\n\n\njunior Swamiji of Pejawar Mutt, Udupi. Rao initiated programs on Sanskrit, Hindu philosophy and Hindu humanities at the University of Central Oklahoma. He started the Oklahoma Research Day in 1999 by bringing together all Regional Unioversities and Colleges in the State of Oklahoma and organized the research day for 10 years at the University of Central Oklahoma. He is known as \" Grandfather of Undergraduate Research in Oklahoma \" and was recognized through an official proclamation for his initiative by Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education at a Special Meeting called for that purpose in", "id": "5811671" }, { "contents": "South Pole\n\n\nMagnetic Pole, the position of which is defined based on Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere. For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small \"wobbles\" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work. The geographic coordinates", "id": "15113473" }, { "contents": "Geography of Oklahoma\n\n\n609 m), it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot. More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation. Oklahoma covers an area of , with of land and of water, making it the 20th-largest state in the United States. Generally, it is divided into seven geographical regions: Green Country, or Northeast Oklahoma, Southeastern Oklahoma, Central Oklahoma, South Central Oklahoma, Southwest", "id": "17799928" }, { "contents": "2013 El Reno tornado\n\n\nof \"Storm Chasers\" titled \"Mile Wide Tornado: Oklahoma Disaster\" on June 5, both honoring the three chasers and covering the events of the EF5-rated tornado that struck Moore and portions of southern Oklahoma City eleven days earlier on May 20. The November 2013 issue of \"National Geographic\", for its featured cover story, paid tribute to Tim Samaras, a National Geographic Explorer funded in part by the Society, and featured a detailed scientific analysis of the tornado itself. A team of scientists and veteran chasers embarked on", "id": "5481238" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma\n\n\ncultural regions by varying definitions, and partially in the Upland South and Great Plains by definitions of abstract geographical-cultural regions. Oklahomans have a high rate of English, Scotch-Irish, German, and Native American ancestry, with 25 different native languages spoken. Because many Native Americans were forced to move to Oklahoma when White settlement in North America increased, Oklahoma has much linguistic diversity. Mary Linn, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Oklahoma and the associate curator of Native American languages at the Sam Noble Museum", "id": "2581029" }, { "contents": "Local access and transport area\n\n\n, all of Canada (except for non-geographic numbers) is identified as LATA 888. The use of this LATA set to identify individual provinces is therefore deprecated: Canada does define local interconnection regions (LIR's), which determine where points of interconnection (POI) must be provided by competing local exchange and mobile carriers to provide local number portability. A Canadian LIR is geographically smaller than a US LATA, typically comparable in size to a small city's flat-rate local calling area or to an entire large regional", "id": "19170339" }, { "contents": "Hellas quadrangle\n\n\nthan 10 km in diameter) they usually have a central peak. The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact. Sometimes craters will display layers. Craters can show us what lies deep under the surface. Glaciers, loosely defined as patches of currently or recently flowing ice, are thought to be present across large but restricted areas of the modern Martian surface, and are inferred to have been more widely distributed at times in the past. Lobate convex features on the surface known as viscous flow features", "id": "14043339" }, { "contents": "Kronecker delta\n\n\nmay be considered to be the discrete analog of the Dirac comb. The Kronecker delta is also called degree of mapping of one surface into another. Suppose a mapping takes place from surface to that are boundaries of regions, and which is simply connected with one-to-one correspondence. In this framework, if and are parameters for , and to are each oriented by the outer normal : while the normal has the direction of Let , , be defined and smooth in a domain containing , and let these equations define the", "id": "13861107" }, { "contents": "Enriques surface\n\n\nare some new families of Enriques surfaces, sometimes called quasi Enriques surfaces or non-classical Enriques surfaces or (super)singular Enriques surfaces. (The term \"singular\" does not mean that the surface has singularities, but means that the surface is \"special\" in some way.) In characteristic 2 the definition of Enriques surfaces is modified: they are defined to be minimal surfaces whose canonical class \"K\" is numerically equivalent to 0 and whose second Betti number is 10. (In characteristics other than 2 this is equivalent", "id": "21921602" }, { "contents": "Okanagan Country\n\n\nand Okanagan Basin define the main geographic features, serving as plateau-like hilly areas. The Okanagan River and Okanagan Lake are the most prominent water features in the Okanagan Country, with a combined area of . According to Statistics Canada and the United States Census Bureau, the divided region comprises a total area of more than , larger than Belgium and Taiwan. The extended region within Chelan, Douglas and Grant divisions make a larger area. The largest municipality by area in the Okanagan Country is Spallumcheen, covering , making it larger", "id": "10333408" }, { "contents": "Multiphoton lithography\n\n\n-intensity surfaces of the focus. Concretely, those regions of the laser beam which exceed a given exposure threshold of the photosensitive medium define the basic building block, the so-called \"voxel\". Other parameters which influence the actual shape of the voxel are the laser mode and the refractive-index mismatch between the resist and the immersion system leading to spherical aberration. It was found that polarization effects in laser 3D nanolithography can be employed to fine-tune the feature sizes (and corresponding aspect ratio) in the structuring", "id": "4185881" }, { "contents": "Double Mountains (Texas)\n\n\nthe highest point in Stonewall County and the most topographically prominent point for almost , the nearest more prominent peak being Mount Scott in Oklahoma. As such an isolated geographical feature, the mountains are visible from a great distance, and feature commanding views from their tops. Their prominence has long made them important regional landmarks, dating back at least to 1788, when Jose Mares opened a trail from San Antonio to Santa Fe; thereafter, the mountains were waymarkers \"for every westward expedition and a rendezvous for buffalo hunters.\" They", "id": "19474644" }, { "contents": "Tulsa, Oklahoma\n\n\nedge of the U.S. Interior Highlands, northeastern Oklahoma is the most topographically diverse part of the state, containing seven of Oklahoma's 11 eco-regions and more than half of its state parks. The region encompasses 30 lakes or reservoirs and borders the neighboring states of Kansas, Missouri, and Arkansas. The geographic coordinates of the city of Tulsa are (36.131294, −95.937332), with an elevation of above sea level. The city developed on both sides of the prominent Arkansas River, which flows in a wide, sandy-", "id": "18048879" }, { "contents": "Escanjaque Indians\n\n\nescanjaque.\" \" Later, Miguel told the Spaniards that the Escanjaques were, in reality, a people called the Aguacane. His information enabled the Spanish to draw a map of the region in which the Aguacane seemed to be located in southwestern Oklahoma along the Red River and its tributaries. If so, it is likely the Escanjaques (Aguacane) were speakers of a Caddoan language and probably akin to the Wichita. Given their geographic location, the Aguacane might also be identical or related to the people called Teyas by Francisco Vásquez", "id": "17577398" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Water Resources Board\n\n\nFallin, Michael Teague is serving as the Secretary. Oklahoma has a unique set of water rights statues based on groundwater and streamwater. The owner of land owns the groundwater underlying such land and surface water standing on the land, however the Oklahoma Water Resources Board regulates non-domestic use. Stream water is considered to be publicly owned and subject to appropriation by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. In Oklahoma, streamwater is defined to include “water in ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and playa lakes” (or dry lakes)", "id": "10122898" }, { "contents": "Thermal equator\n\n\nThe thermal equator (also known as \"the heat equator\") is a belt encircling the Earth, defined by the set of locations having the highest mean annual temperature at each longitude around the globe. Because local temperatures are sensitive to the geography of a region, mountain ranges and ocean currents ensure that smooth temperature gradients (such as might be found if the Earth were uniform in composition and devoid of surface irregularities) are impossible, the location of the thermal equator is not identical to that of the geographic Equator. The", "id": "14482093" }, { "contents": "Psy-Geo-Conflux\n\n\ngeographic exploration called psychogeography. Trying to define this obtuse field is an adventure itself, although a relatively straightforward definition includes \"the study of the effects of the geographic environment on the emotions and behavior of individuals.\" One of the boldest characteristics of psychogeography may be its ability to influence and bring together all kinds of artists, social scientists, philosophers, urban provocateurs and spelunkers, and even traditional geographers, in an entirely accessible venue-public space.\". Conflux 2004 featured a full program of events over the course of", "id": "8789866" }, { "contents": "Texas Panhandle\n\n\nThe Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east. \"The Handbook of Texas\" defines the southern border of Swisher County as the southern boundary of the Texas Panhandle region. Its land area is , or nearly 10% of the state's total. The Texas Panhandle is slightly larger in size than the US state of West Virginia. An additional are", "id": "13769746" }, { "contents": "List of Rheingau vineyards\n\n\nThe Rheingau wine region, located in the state of Hesse, is one of the 13 regions (\"Anbaugebiete\") for quality wine in Germany. For each of the quality wine regions, the state where it is located keeps a formal vineyard roll (\"Weinbergsrolle\") which lists all formally recognised vineyards of the region, with detailed surveying maps defining the geographical extent of each vineyard. This list defines which geographical designations may appear on the wine labels under the principles set down by the national wine law. The list", "id": "6639930" }, { "contents": "Geocode\n\n\ninstance codice_11 and codice_13 represents geographically interior parts of codice_10, the commom prefix. Inspired in the classic alphanumeric grids, a discrete global grid (DGG) is a regular mosaic which covers the entire Earth's surface (the globe). The regularity of the mosaic is defined by the use of cells of same shape in all the grid, or \"near the same shape and near same area\" in a region of interest, like a country. All cells of the grid have an identifier (DGG's cell ID)", "id": "1309471" }, { "contents": "Outline of geography\n\n\nNatural landform – terrain or body of water. Landforms are topographical elements, and are defined by their surface form and location in the landscape. Landforms are categorized by traits such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Some landforms are artificial, such as certain islands, but most landforms are natural. Artificial geographic feature – a thing that was made by humans that may be indicated on a map. It may be physical and exist in the real world (like a bridge or city", "id": "6330603" }, { "contents": "National Indian Gaming Commission\n\n\nwith the remaining staff assigned to regional offices located in Portland, Oregon; Sacramento, California; Phoenix, Arizona; St. Paul, Minnesota; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Washington, D.C.; and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and satellite offices in Rapid City, South Dakota and Temecula, California. The commission established its field offices to improve the level and quality of services it provides to tribes, and to enhance its ability to communicate, collaborate and interact with tribes located within each office’s geographic region. The field offices are vital", "id": "17690169" }, { "contents": "Northwestern Europe\n\n\nNorthwestern Europe, or Northwest Europe, is a loosely defined region of Europe, overlapping northern and western Europe. The region can be defined both geographically and ethnographically. Geographically, Northwestern Europe usually consists of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Northern Germany, Luxembourg, Northern France, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Iceland. Finland, Southern Germany, and Switzerland are also often considered part of the grouping. Austria is also sometimes defined as Northwestern Europe, though less frequently. Southern France is not regarded as", "id": "13644968" }, { "contents": "Montilla-Moriles\n\n\nit had a long tradition and an acknowledged reputation. The \"Arreglo de Lisboa\" (1958) defined a DO as: a geographic area of a country, region or location used to define a product whose qualities or characteristics are exclusively or essentially due to said geographic area, including natural and human factors. Law 25/1970, \"Estatuto de la Viña, del Vino y de los Alcoholes\" defined a DO as follows: the name of a region, area or location used to designate a product related to vines, wine", "id": "15874355" }, { "contents": "Surveying in North America\n\n\nwere often later amended or superseded. As the population grew and the land was explored, the state borders were defined, like the Mason–Dixon line, finalized in 1767. The Lewis and Clark Expedition included a preliminary survey of the features of the western United States, resulting in maps of geographical features. The current geodetic model of the earth used in the US is the North American Datum 1983, often called NAD83. The system is used to define horizontal co-ordinates of reference markers all over the US. Although", "id": "14176607" }, { "contents": "Clark Wissler\n\n\nand history of a specific social unit to \"a concern with the trait-complex viewed in cross cultural perspective.\" \"The correspondence of a well-defined geographical area with a group of cultures that share many features is the basis of the concept of the culture area.\" Wissler states that the principal barriers that preserve the distinctness of a culture area as physical: surface, climate fauna, and flora. Wissler was trying to make cultural anthropology more scientific by forming a definition of culture that could be used to compare", "id": "11092408" }, { "contents": "List of regions of Serbia\n\n\nThe regions of Serbia include geographical and, to a lesser extent, traditional and historical areas. Geographical regions have no official status, though some of them serve as a basis for the second-level administrative divisions of Serbia, \"okrugs\" (districts of Serbia). Not being administratively defined, the boundaries of the regions are in many cases vague: they may overlap, and various geographers and publications may delineate them differently, not just in the sense of regions' extents, but also in the sense as to whether", "id": "11208878" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Water Resources Board\n\n\n. Streamwater is considered to be publicly owned; the Oklahoma Water Resources board is responsible for appropriation for all areas of the State of Oklahoma except the Grand River basin, where the Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA) has responsibility for allocation on a use-it or lose-it basis. Groundwater is considered a property right in Oklahoma, and defined as “fresh water (less than 5,000 parts per million total dissolved solids) under the surface of the earth regardless of geologic structure in which it is standing or moving outside", "id": "10122899" }, { "contents": "Counts of Hesbaye\n\n\nuntil the 11th and 12th centuries, when it became less politically important, it has been very difficult for modern historians to piece together how the counties and lordships were defined either geographically or legally. It seems clear at least that there could be several counts in the area at the same time, and also that there was (at least in 1040) one specific county which was itself called \"Haspinga\", but was distinct from the geographical Haspengouw which it was in. By that time, the region was being ruled by", "id": "17672598" }, { "contents": "Inter-crater plains on Mercury\n\n\nlarge areas essentially free of impact craters with diameters greater than 50 kilometers. The surface areas of these regions can basically be divided into two categories: clusters of large craters and plains bordering these clusters of craters. This combination of surface features has been called \"inter-crater plains\" by the \"Mariner 10\" Imaging Science Team. These plains have sparked debate. Unlike smooth plains, the origin of inter-crater plains has yet to be well determined. Research and studies have narrowed the origin of inter-crater plains", "id": "8526381" }, { "contents": "George Cressey\n\n\n. In the first section of the book, Cressey dealt with the general geographical features of the Middle East. The next eight chapters dealt with the specific countries of the region from Egypt to Afghanistan, creating a picture of the whole region. Cressey focused in detail on the role of natural resources for the countries of the region, concentrating particular attention on the role of water and water shortages. W.B. Fisher, writing in \"Geographical Review\", called the book \"an authoritative and compelling study,\" and Leonard Kasdan wrote", "id": "2748027" }, { "contents": "Pomorišje\n\n\nPomorišje (Serbian Cyrillic: Поморишје) is a historical geographical region on the banks of the river Mureş that in the past has had a sizable ethnic Serb population. The region is mostly divided between Romania and Hungary, with small part of it in northern Serbia. Today, a Serb minority is present in parts of the region that are part of Romania and Hungary. Pomorišje does not have exactly defined geographical borders and term generally defines areas near the river Mureș. Different definitions would provide different views of how far from the Mureș", "id": "8949241" }, { "contents": "Slavonia\n\n\nsize of , representing 22.2% of territory of Croatia. The boundaries of Slavonia, as a geographical region, do not necessarily coincide with the borders of the five counties, except in the south and east where the Sava and Danube rivers define them. The international borders of Croatia are boundaries common to both definitions of the region. In the north, the boundaries largely coincide because the Drava River is considered to be the northern border of Slavonia as a geographic region, but this excludes Baranya from the geographic region's definition even", "id": "17175958" }, { "contents": "Geographic information system\n\n\nbe used more generally. Operations on map layers can be combined into algorithms, and eventually into simulation or optimization models. The combination of several spatial datasets (points, lines, or polygons) creates a new output vector dataset, visually similar to stacking several maps of the same region. These overlays are similar to mathematical Venn diagram overlays. A union overlay combines the geographic features and attribute tables of both inputs into a single new output. An intersect overlay defines the area where both inputs overlap and retains a set of attribute", "id": "12022270" }, { "contents": "Okmulgee, Oklahoma\n\n\n, Tex. Okmulgee is in the 10-county region served by the KI BOIS Area Transit System (\"KATS\"), a low-cost public bus/van service established in 1983 to help poorer communities, primarily in southeast Oklahoma, by providing access to Senior Citizen centers, groceries, medical services, and jobs. The city is served by the Okmulgee Regional Airport (originally called the Okmulgee Municipal Airport), designated OKM by and KOKM by ICAO Code. Construction of this airport was authorized in 1942 as a national defense", "id": "7247861" }, { "contents": "Ground truth\n\n\n\"pixel\" is somewhat ill-defined). In the case of a classified image, it allows supervised classification to help determine the accuracy of the classification performed by the remote sensing software and therefore minimize errors in the classification such as errors of commission and errors of omission. Ground truth is usually done on site, performing surface observations and measurements of various properties of the features of the ground resolution cells that are being studied on the remotely sensed digital image. It also involves taking geographic coordinates of the ground resolution cell with", "id": "18255033" }, { "contents": "Atlanta Regional Commission\n\n\nthe 23 public officials; and 7) one member appointed by the Board of the Georgia Department of Community Affairs. The ARC is divided into numerous departments, covering a broad range of issues, from the region's growing senior population to region-wide transit issues to geographic information system data. The agency's structure and functions can be outlined as follows: Each fall ARC give awards for noteworthy new projects. The categories are The ARC's 10-county intergovernmental-coordination area has a surface area of 2973.72 square miles, and its", "id": "6066715" }, { "contents": "Prekmurje\n\n\nPrekmurje (; dialectically: \"Prèkmürsko\" or \"Prèkmüre\"; ) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally and ethnically defined region settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur River in Slovenia and the Rába Valley (the watershed of the Rába) () in the most western part of Hungary. It maintains certain specific linguistic, cultural and religious features that differentiate it from other Slovenian traditional regions. It covers an area of 938 km and has a population of 78,000 people. It is named after the Mur", "id": "10956071" }, { "contents": "Natural regions of Germany\n\n\nThis division of Germany into major natural regions takes account primarily of geomorphological, geological, hydrological, and pedological criteria in order to divide the country into large, physical units with a common geographical basis. Political boundaries play no part in this, apart from defining the national border. In addition to a division of Germany by \"natural regions\", the federal authorities have also produced a division by so-called \"landscape areas (Landschaftsräume)\" that is based more on human utilisation of various regions and so has clearly different", "id": "10414465" }, { "contents": "Green Country\n\n\nsome of its largest cities. Northeastern Oklahoma has the state's second largest city, Tulsa. In addition to the area's foliage and rolling hills, it has more lakes than any other geographical area of Oklahoma, as well as more than half of the state's registered state parks. Oklahoma is one of only four states with more than 10 ecoregions, but six of its 11 ecoregions are located in northeastern Oklahoma. The heavily-wooded Ozark Mountains and their foothills dominate most of northeast Oklahoma from the immediate Tulsa vicinity south", "id": "18144117" }, { "contents": "Polymer adsorption\n\n\nregions becomes indistinguishable from the average of the contact angles. The observed contact angle is given by the following formula: where: If the polymer is made out of only two different monomers, it is possible use the above equation to determine the composition of the polymer simply by measuring the contact angle of a drop of liquid placed on it: where: One of the defining features of polymer surfaces and coatings is the chemical regularity of the surface. While many materials can be irregular mixtures of different components, polymer surfaces tend to", "id": "15931575" }, { "contents": "Númenor\n\n\n[435,017 km²] in area: more than twice the size of Great Britain. Númenor was divided into six main regions: five corresponding to the promontories plus the central area. Several smaller provinces were loosely defined within the main regions. This is a list of all individual geographical objects of Númenor named in Tolkien's writings. It is stated that there were several rivers on the island of Númenor, but all except Siril and Nunduinë (which are featured in the list below) were \"short and swift torrents hurrying to the", "id": "188598" }, { "contents": "Rhine-Ruhr\n\n\ncity), and Bonn in the south. The location of the Rhine-Ruhr at the heart of the European blue banana makes it well connected to other major European cities and metropolitan areas like the Randstad, the Flemish Diamond and the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region. The metropolitan area is named after the Rhine and Ruhr rivers, which are the region's defining geographical features and historically its economic backbone. The largest cities in the Rhine-Ruhr area are Cologne, with over 1 million inhabitants, followed by Düsseldorf, Dortmund and", "id": "20021295" }, { "contents": "Rioja Alavesa\n\n\nwith Navarra to the east are not based on clearly defined geographical features like the aforementioned boundaries. The rivers within the comarca are all tributaries of the Ebro. There are some dolmens and other archaeological remnants of the prehistoric La Hoya people. The Romans established themselves in the area due to its climate and mountainous landscape. During the Middle Ages, this region belonged to the Kingdom of Navarre, which was eventually annexed by the Kingdom of Castilla in the 15th century as a result of the wars between the two. The region possesses", "id": "3271064" }, { "contents": "Great Grant Deed\n\n\nnor lines. The concept of territories was defined by the geographical features that were clearly identified and known in considerable detail by all. The features were mountains, ridges and waterways, of drainage, watersheds. The Great Grant or Transylvania Colony was for the most part defined by rivers, the vast land area contained within the Kentucky, Cumberland, Tennessee and Ohio Rivers. The Kentucky Geological Survey map of 1889 indicates geographical features controlling the westward travel beyond the Appalachian chain barrier. The long low mountains draining into rivers and valleys and", "id": "3686753" }, { "contents": "Digital divide in China\n\n\nCentral and Western region possessed the smallest fraction respectively, more than two times lower than the Eastern region. Most researchers found that there is a close linkage between geographic features and telecommunication application; this linkage shows that geographic accessibility relates significantly to telecommunication access. Generally, the geographic feature of each region from East to Central to West is marked by plain, hill and mountain respectively. The second factors are demographic indicators; the population density of these regions appears inversely opposite their geographical elevation: the Eastern region has the highest population density", "id": "13303325" } ]

[ { "contents": "Ecological systems of Montana\n\n\nThere are 62 named Ecological Systems found in Montana These systems are described in the Montana Field Guides-Ecological Systems of Montana. An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight. It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.", "id": "17297465" }, { "contents": "Arthur Ernest Morgan\n\n\nEnglish garden city model. In 1937, Morgan founded Celo Community, a land trust in the mountains of Western North Carolina. The community, which still exists today, is a self-governed land trust. Although Celo does not require members to accept any particular religious creed or ideology, it is built on cooperation between members and care for the natural environment. Today, Celo is home to 40 families who live on its . In the 1940s, Morgan went on to found two organizations for the promotion of community, Community", "id": "10377171" }, { "contents": "Ecological psychology\n\n\npeople in these environments is more similar than the behaviour of an individual person in different environments. He has since developed these theories in a number of books and articles. James J. Gibson, too, stressed the importance of the environment, in particular, the (direct) perception of how the environment of an organism \"affords\" various actions to the organism. Thus, an appropriate analysis of the environment was crucial for an explanation of perceptually guided behaviour. He argued that animals and humans stand in a 'systems' or", "id": "12083946" }, { "contents": "Habitat\n\n\ndiseases to which the native species have no immunity. The word \"habitat\" has been in use since about 1750 and derives from the Latin \"habitāre\", to inhabit, from \"habēre\", to have or to hold. Habitat can be defined as the natural environment of an organism, the type of place in which it is natural for it to live and grow. It is similar in meaning to a biotope; an area of uniform environmental conditions associated with a particular community of plants and animals. The chief", "id": "20626223" }, { "contents": "Communicative Constitution of Organizations\n\n\ninstitutions, the minimum process involves negotiating inclusion in the environment. Organizations must establish and maintain a presence, image, status, and a two-way communication channel with partners. Objects such as organizational charts can assert a particular image and demonstrate legitimacy. Organizations which are marginalized due to their lack of institutional positioning include startup companies and illegal groups such as the Mafia. Generally, the more secure an organization, the stronger relationships and control over uncertainty and resources it has in its environment. Pre-existing institutional (corporations,", "id": "5146852" }, { "contents": "Southern Ocean\n\n\nschools, is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds. The benthic communities of the seafloor are diverse and dense, with up to 155,000 animals found in . As the seafloor environment is very similar all around the Antarctic, hundreds of species can be found all the way around the mainland, which is a uniquely wide distribution for such a large community. Deep", "id": "15113841" }, { "contents": "Judaism and environmentalism\n\n\nLotan, both founded in 1983, have had a long and lasting impact. In 2001, the Green Zionist Alliance, now called Aytzim, was founded as the first environmental organization to ever participate the World Zionist Organization and its constituent agencies. The Green Zionist Alliance works from North America to educate and mobilize Jews around the world for Israel’s environment and to support Israel's environmental movement. From 2003 through 2008, Rabbi Carmi Wisemon together with the Ramat Shlomo Community Council, the Israeli Ministry of the Environment and the Municipality of", "id": "15446587" }, { "contents": "TSMP\n\n\nTSMP, an acronym for Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol, was developed by Dust Networks as a communications protocol for self-organizing networks of wireless devices called \"motes\". TSMP devices stay synchronized to each other and communicate in time-slots, similar to other TDM (time-division multiplexing) systems. Such deterministic communication allows the devices to stay extremely low power, as the radios only turn on for the periods of scheduled communication. The protocol is designed to operate very reliably in a noisy environment. It uses channel hopping", "id": "607304" }, { "contents": "Community organizing\n\n\nof successful protest-based campaigns. Similar to the way unions gain recognition as the representatives of workers for a particular business, community organizing groups can gain recognition as key representatives of particular communities. In this way, representatives of community organizing groups are often able to bring key government officials or corporate leaders to the table without engaging in \"actions\" because of their reputation. As Alinsky said, \"the first rule of power tactics\" is that \"power is not only what you have but what the enemy thinks you have", "id": "21400018" }, { "contents": "Dave Cobb\n\n\ntechniques, avoiding any electronic recording approaches for this particular album. Cobb’s approach of studio recording for Jason Isbell's \"Southeastern\" was an effort to chronicle an acoustic sound similar to what is found on Simon And Garfunkel's \"Bridge over Troubled Water,\" where a non-traditional recording environment was captured to provide an organic, live and “warm” sound. Cobb met singer-songwriter Anderson East at Nashville's legendary Bluebird Cafe. The two ended up making East's record, \"Delilah,\" which was", "id": "22005326" }, { "contents": "Germanwatch\n\n\nGermanwatch e.V. (founded in 1991), usually called Germanwatch, is a non-profit, non-governmental organization based in Bonn, Germany. It seeks to influence public policy on trade, the environment, and relations between countries in the industrialized north and underdeveloped south. The organization collates a variety of economic and social data to formulate position papers, often in partnership with other NGOs. Particular areas of interest include trade in food and agricultural policy, climate change, and corporate accountability. The Climate Change Performance Index", "id": "16541801" }, { "contents": "Hydrothermal vent microbial communities\n\n\n. They are the predominant population in the majority of hydrothermal vents because their source of energy is widely available, and chemosynthesis rates increase in aerobic conditions. The bacteria at hydrothermal vents are similar to the types of sulfur bacteria found in other HS-rich environments - except \"Thiomicrospira\" has replaced \"Thiobacillus.\" Other common species are \"Thiothrix\" and \"Beggiatoa,\" which is of particular importance because of its ability to fix nitrogen. Methane is a substantial source of energy in certain hydrothermal vents, but not others", "id": "10822425" }, { "contents": "Spanish Society of Speleology and Karst Science\n\n\nThe Spanish Society of Speleology and Karst Science (Sociedad Española de Espeleología y Ciencias del Karst, SedecK) is a national caving organization of Spanish caving clubs to promote and disseminate the science of speleology and karst, founded in 1998. The Spanish Society of Speleology and Karst Science (SedecK) was founded in 1998 to promote and disseminate science of speleology and karst in general and scientific studies about the conservation of caves and their natural contents in particular, as well to facilitate scientific communications about karst and dialogue with administrations managing this environment", "id": "20829968" }, { "contents": "Bacteria\n\n\nantibiotics by \"Streptomyces\" that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. In nature, many organisms live in communities (e.g., biofilms) that may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection from environmental stresses. These relationships can be essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy). Bacterial growth follows four phases. When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase", "id": "6710953" }, { "contents": "Shell script\n\n\nto signals and other inter-process communication, system calls and APIs. The Hamilton C shell is a Windows shell that is very similar to the Unix C Shell. Microsoft distributes Windows Services for UNIX for use with its NT-based operating systems in particular, which have a POSIX environmental subsystem. A shell script can provide a convenient variation of a system command where special environment settings, command options, or post-processing apply automatically, but in a way that allows the new script to still act as a fully normal", "id": "9316355" }, { "contents": "Indicator organism\n\n\nIndicator organisms are used as a proxy to monitor conditions in a particular environment, ecosystem, area, habitat, or consumer product. Certain bacteria, fungi and helminth eggs are being used for various purposes. Certain bacteria can be used as indicator organisms in particular situations. The presence of bacteria commonly found in human feces, termed coliform bacteria (e.g. \"E. coli\"), in surface water is a common indicator of faecal contamination. For this reason, sanitation programs often test water for the presence of these organisms to ensure", "id": "14859461" }, { "contents": "Natural capital accounting\n\n\nmore likely for monetary indicators to be expressed as flows, and physical indicators as stocks. General commitment by the international community to support the development of natural capital accounting was motivated early on by the Brundtland Report in 1987 and the 1992 Rio Summit. At the Summit in particular, Agenda 21 – in which Chapter 40 called for signatories to develop quantitative information regarding their activities – was adopted. In September 1992, the Commission on the Environment of the Organization of American States (OAS) Permanent Council held a Seminar on Natural Resource", "id": "6546440" }, { "contents": "Drug resistance\n\n\n-celled organisms, and is termed horizontal gene transfer in which there is a direct exchange of genes, particularly in the biofilm state. A similar asexual method is used by fungi and is called \"parasexuality\". Examples of drug-resistant strains are to be found in microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, parasites both endo- and ecto-, plants, fungi, arthropods, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians. In the domestic environment, drug-resistant strains of organism may arise from seemingly safe activities such", "id": "21914320" }, { "contents": "Intertidal ecology\n\n\nIntertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines. At low tide, the intertidal is exposed whereas at high tide, the intertidal is underwater. Intertidal ecologists therefore study the interactions between intertidal organisms and their environment, as well as between different species of intertidal organisms within a particular intertidal community. The most important environmental and species interactions may vary based on the type of intertidal community being studied, the broadest of classifications being based on substrates—rocky shore and soft bottom communities", "id": "5873087" }, { "contents": "Nanobe\n\n\nthat they are living organisms. They are similar to the structures found in ALH84001, a Mars meteorite found in the Antarctic. Nanobes are similar in size to nanobacteria, which are also structures that have been proposed to be extremely small living organisms. However, these two should not be confused. Nanobacteria are thought to be cellular organisms, while nanobes are hypothesized to be a previously unknown form of life or protocells. A review in \"Microbes and Environments\" of the various ultra-small forms of proposed life states that the", "id": "4110207" }, { "contents": "Relative species abundance\n\n\nrichness describe key elements of biodiversity. Relative species abundance refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a given location or community. Usually relative species abundances are described for a single trophic level. Because such species occupy the same trophic level they will potentially or actually compete for similar resources. For example, relative species abundances might describe all terrestrial birds in a forest community or all planktonic copepods in a particular marine environment. Relative species abundances follow very similar patterns over a wide range of ecological communities.", "id": "11105654" }, { "contents": "Wunderpus photogenicus\n\n\nchromatophores operates upon the environment, it gives the octopus the ability to select, at any time, a particular body pattern. This gives the octopus the ability to camouflage and hide from their predators. Another function of chromatophores is intraspecific communication which helps them signal to each other. Juvenile and para-larvae octopuses also have chromatophores called founder chromatophores, which are also sac-like organs that contain pigments in their skin. The founder chromatophores are prominent in juveniles and become more masked as the octopus approaches adulthood. The founder chromatophores", "id": "1207332" }, { "contents": "Professional learning community\n\n\nA professional learning community (PLC) is a method to foster collaborative learning among colleagues within a particular work environment or field. It is often used in schools as a way to organize teachers into working groups of practice-based professional learning. The phrase \"professional learning community\" began to be used in the 1990s after Peter Senge's book \"The Fifth Discipline\" (1990) had popularized the idea of learning organizations, related to the idea of reflective practice espoused by Donald Schön in books such as \"The Reflective Turn", "id": "1301137" }, { "contents": "EcoOcean\n\n\nEcoOcean is an Israeli non-profit environmental organization that was founded in 2002, working to preserve the marine and coastal environments, by promoting marine research, education and community engagement. EcoOcean was founded by the Weil family and a group of Israeli scientists in 2002. The organization's goal is to promote the preservation of the coastal and marine environment through research, education and broad community activities. EcoOcean operates the R/V Mediterranean Explorer research vessel and underwater robot (ROV) that enables local and world researchers, who are often", "id": "10827527" }, { "contents": "Jewish-American organized crime\n\n\nAmerican criminal rackets. Jewish-American organized crime derived from dislocation and poverty, where language and custom made the community vulnerable to undesirables, the sort of thing that fosters criminality among any other ethnicity in a similar situation. As American Jews improved their conditions, the Jewish thug and racketeer either disappeared or merged into a more assimilated American crime environment. American Jews quietly buried the public memory of the gangster past; unlike the Mafia, famous Jewish American gangsters like Meyer Lansky, Dutch Schultz and Bugsy Siegel founded no crime families.", "id": "20290284" }, { "contents": "Cornwall Alliance\n\n\nThe Cornwall Alliance for the Stewardship of Creation is a conservative Christian public policy group that promotes the view that a free-market approach to care for the environment is sufficient, and is critical of much of the current environmental movement. In particular, the Cornwall Alliance rejects claims of global warming. Originally called the \"Interfaith Stewardship Alliance\" it was founded in 2005 in reaction to the efforts of evangelical leaders (such as Rick Warren) to fight global warming. The name Cornwall came from the 2000 Cornwall Declaration. The organization", "id": "15343176" }, { "contents": "Geographical feature\n\n\ndiversity within an ecosystem is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including \"inter alia\", terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems. Living organisms are continually engaged in a set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist, and ecosystem describes any situation where there is relationship between organisms and their environment. Biomes represent large areas of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms. Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and", "id": "9194224" }, { "contents": "Paleopedology\n\n\norganism, but rather evidence of an organism's activity within its environment. Whereas a bone, leaf, or stem might provide enough information to positively identify a particular species, trace fossils rarely allow for such a precise identification. However, unlike fossilized body parts which can be affected by many variables, trace fossils are not often transported away and are usually found in the place where the organism lived. This advantage makes trace fossils in paleosols especially important because they allow for interpretation of the animal's behavior in its natural environment.", "id": "12871450" }, { "contents": "Beneficial acclimation hypothesis\n\n\n“acclimation to a particular environment gives an organism a performance advantage in that environment over another organism that has not had the opportunity to acclimate to that particular environment.” This definition was further reworked in an article in American Zoologist 1999 by Raymond B. Huey, David Berrigan, George W. Gilchrist, and Jon C. Herron. They determined that, following Platt's strong inference approach, multiple competing hypotheses were needed to properly assess beneficial acclimation. These included: 1. Beneficial Acclimation. Acclimating to a particular environment confers fitness advantages in", "id": "14900232" }, { "contents": "Sessility (motility)\n\n\n1979 study in intertidal disturbance added support for the theory of nonequilibrium community structure, “suggesting that open space is necessary for the maintenance of diversity in most communities of sessile organisms.” Clumping is a behavior in sessile organisms, in which individuals of a particular species group closely to one another for beneficial purposes, and can be seen in coral reefs and cochineal populations. This allows for faster reproduction and better protection from predators. The circalittoral zone of coastal environments and biomes are dominated by sessile organisms such as oysters. Carbonate platforms", "id": "3492524" }, { "contents": "What Is Intelligence?\n\n\non IQ scores. In particular, people now live in a cognitive environment that has changed substantially over the past century. New ways of thinking and new modes of communication and entertainment have changed the way people think across society. At an individual level a similar multiplying effect leads to people with a genetic advantage in intelligence seeking out more cognitively challenging environments—thus exaggerating individual differences in intelligence. In both cases the role of an enhanced cognitive environment plays a role in within-generation and across-generation differences in IQ scores.", "id": "17189578" }, { "contents": "Natural environment\n\n\nmetabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations. More complex living organisms can communicate through various means. An ecosystem (also called as environment) is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. Central to the ecosystem concept is the idea that living organisms are continually", "id": "9848700" }, { "contents": "Introduction to evolution\n\n\nare used for swimming. Such a \"design\" makes little sense if they are unrelated and uniquely constructed for their particular tasks. The theory of evolution explains these homologous structures: all four animals shared a common ancestor, and each has undergone change over many generations. These changes in structure have produced forelimbs adapted for different tasks. However, anatomical comparisons can be misleading, as not all anatomical similarities indicate a close relationship. Organisms that share similar environments will often develop similar physical features, a process known as \"convergent evolution", "id": "18540974" }, { "contents": "Pseudomonas oryzihabitans\n\n\nand found that it had a phenotypic similarity to the pseudomonas organisms. This organism has also been isolated in the hospital environment from a wide variety of sites such as wounds, eyes, skin, ears, and several other places, although they can be found in damp environments as well. As of today, there is little known about the pathogenic qualities of \"P. oryzihabitans\", so possible virulent strains cannot be described or identified absolutely. \"Pseudomonas oryzihabitans\", although an uncommon pathogen, is able to cause infections", "id": "19524190" }, { "contents": "Ideal managerial climate\n\n\nrelationships and interactions that contribute to the formation of workplace environments among and across various organizational structures. Redding states that “the communication ‘climate’ of the organization is more crucial than are communication skills or techniques (taken by themselves) in creating an effective organization.” When evaluating organizational climate using IMC, the ideal productive environment of an organizational is related to the culture and values an organization possesses. Based on Redding’s research and consultation experience, he found five dynamics to be key in the attempt to produce a stable,", "id": "14165412" }, { "contents": "Organizational communication\n\n\nrelationship functions, and change functions. Organizing functions as Shockley-Zalabak states, are \"Messages that establish the rules and regulations of a particular environment\". These messages can include items such as newsletters or handbooks for a specific organization, that individuals can read to learn the policies and expectations for a certain company. Relationship functions are \"Communication that helps individuals define their roles and assess the compatibility of individual and organizational goals\". These relationship functions are a key aspect to how individuals identify with a company and it helps them", "id": "6771039" }, { "contents": "Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment\n\n\nThe Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment (CRPE) is a California-based environmental justice organization founded in 1989 dedicated to providing legal aid to grassroots organizations in environmental justice communities. CRPE helps communities dealing with problems related to the disproportionate burden of pollution placed upon poor people and people of color. Its mission is “to achieve environmental justice and healthy, sustainable communities through collective action and the law”. As part of this mission, CRPE provides organizational, technical, and legal assistance to help underserved communities stop immediate", "id": "19387265" }, { "contents": "Sustainability organizations\n\n\nsimilar in economic terms, the characteristics of a sustainable business model vary from community to community. Many organizations aim to assist communities in developing economic opportunities for all citizens. Some programs exist that \"assist individuals in obtaining employment, that create jobs and that help individuals become economically self-sufficient.\" Economic sustainability organizations: Environmental sustainability is the \"long-term maintenance of ecosystem components and functions for future generations.\" In addition, environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the environment are pursued", "id": "10436038" }, { "contents": "Brown Berets (Austin)\n\n\nThe Brown Berets was a Chicano/Mexican-American community-based organization in Austin, Texas founded during the Chicano Civil Rights Movement, modeled after the Brown Berets. Founded in 1972, the Brown Berets Chapter of Austin focused on issues similar to the original chapter of Los Angeles that plagued the Chicano community. A quote from Gilberto Rivera, a prominent East Austin activist states, \"the formation was due to a ‘call’ from the community & out of their own direct experiences of police violence which followed a persistent pattern", "id": "4391337" }, { "contents": "System generation\n\n\nIn computing System generation or sysgen is the process of creating a particular unique instance of an operating system by combining user-specified options and parameters with manufacturer-supplied general-purpose program code to produce an operating system tailored for a particular hardware and software environment. Some other programs have similar processes, although not usually called \"sysgen.\" For example, IBM's Customer Information Control System (CICS) was installed through a process called \"CICSGEN\". A large general-purpose program such as an operating system has to", "id": "9275235" }, { "contents": "Edge city\n\n\nmanufacturing sectors. Political groups aid the creation of the edge city in a particular way. There is usually a development commission or similar organization that operates in parallel to, and interact with standard city, county, and state government institutions. Some authors call such commissions private \"proto-government\" or \"shadow governments\". According to authors Phelps and Dear, these \"shadow governments can tax, legislate for, and police their communities, but they are rarely accountable, are responsive primarily to wealth (as opposed to numbers", "id": "3223216" }, { "contents": "Carteret Islands\n\n\ncomplained about wild taro no longer growing. The Carteret Islands inhabitants are a Halia-speaking community closely related to the population of Hanhan Bay, in nearby Buka Island. They are a dark-skinned people with customs very similar to those of the Buka, although with some important adaptations to the atoll environment. The Carteret Islanders call themselves the Tuluun. Like the Halia, Hakö, Selau and Solos groups in Buka and Bougainville, the Tuluun reckon descent matrilineally. They are primarily organized into two moiety-like groups, the", "id": "12494683" }, { "contents": "Animal echolocation\n\n\ndetected target, the duration of the sounds is gradually decreased, as is the energy of the sound. Bats belonging to the suborder Microchiroptera (microbats) occupy a diverse set of ecological conditions – they can be found living in environments as different as Europe and Madagascar, and hunting for food sources as different as insects, frogs, nectar, fruit, and blood. Additionally, the characteristics of an echolocation call are adapted to the particular environment, hunting behavior, and food source of the particular bat. However, this adaptation", "id": "19520259" }, { "contents": "Paleoecology\n\n\npaleontologists began examining both the ancient organisms they discovered and the reconstructed environments in which they lived. Visual depictions of past marine and terrestrial communities has been considered an early form of paleoecology. While the functions and relationships of fossil organisms may not be observed directly (as in ecology), scientists can describe and analyze both individuals and communities over time. To do so, paleoecologists make the following assumptions: The aim of paleoecology is to build the most detailed model possible of the life environment of previously living organisms found today as fossils", "id": "9074923" }, { "contents": "Seven-Faceted Blessing\n\n\nmost of the Sabbath liturgy, which is jettisoned if a particular Sabbath falls on a festival or on Yom Kippur. The text of the Seven-Faceted Blessing (in accordance with the Ashkenazic version—other traditions have very similar versions—can be found in Seder `Avodat Yisra’el on pp. 190–191. The text used in most Western Sephardic Communities can be found in \"Seder Tefilah\" of Mantua. In medieval Europe, it was fairly common for congregations to insert special poems, called Magen Avot piyyutim, into the middle", "id": "6018004" }, { "contents": "Communicative Constitution of Organizations\n\n\nthe organization to the environment outside the organization at a macro level. Examples of entities outside the organization include suppliers, customers, and competitors. Communication outside the organization negotiates terms of recognition of the organization’s existence and place in what is called \"identity negotiation\" or \"positioning\". Often the communicators of this message are individuals who concurrently negotiate their own relationships but messages can come from the greater organization as a whole. Though there is not one configuration that an organization must embody, in order to be considered by peer", "id": "5146851" }, { "contents": "Comparative physiology\n\n\n. To elucidate how physiology mediates interactions between organisms and their environments. 4. To identify \"model systems\" for studying particular physiological functions. 5. To use the \"kind of animal\" as an experimental variable. Comparative physiologists often study organisms that live in \"extreme\" environments (e.g., deserts) because they expect to find especially clear examples of evolutionary adaptation. One example is the study of water balance in desert-inhabiting mammals, which have been found to exhibit kidney specializations. Similarly, comparative physiologists have been", "id": "17521566" }, { "contents": "Pollution-induced community tolerance\n\n\ntolerances can elevate an individual' ability to tolerate several toxicants present at once. This means that the type of chemicals present in the environment, the concentration, and the organisms that are affected could alter the environment in multiple different ways. Co-tolerance is the ability of an organism to develop a tolerance to a certain toxicant in short-term tests, and obtain that tolerance for other toxicants similar to the first. It can be difficult to determine which type of tolerance is occurring if there are multiple types of toxicants in", "id": "4029348" }, { "contents": "Habitat for Hope\n\n\nallow families, regardless of size, to stay together in a home-like environment. Mark and Mylissa Horrocks decided to found this organization as a result of their own personal history. When their daughter, Bella Rose, was diagnosed with stage IIIA Malignant Melanoma in 2003, the family was uprooted from their home in Florida to come to Memphis for treatment. While the Horrocks family received support from their community back home, they realized that there were many families who relocated to Memphis for medical treatment that did not enjoy similar resources", "id": "9828842" }, { "contents": "Thermotoga neapolitana\n\n\nbeen purified. These galactomannans are associated with allowing an organism to endure harsh environments (through stabilization of the membrane), such as high temperatures. These enzymes help provide simple saccharides to the organism. Polymers similar to those degraded by \"T. neopolitana\" are often used as storage polymers by plants. This may show that as the geothermal environments in which this organism is found have changed and biodiversified, so might the metabolism of this hyperthermophile. \"Thermotoga neapolitana\" is strictly heterotrophic for its metabolic needs. It can also facultatively", "id": "17145566" }, { "contents": "Rural tourism\n\n\nthree parts of the community – social, economic, and environmental. Community ecotourism resolves one issue with ecotourism in particular, the input of the community hosting the tourism. Governments and outside agencies have pushed communities into hosting tourists which can sometimes cause more harm if the community is not prepared without relevant knowledge, leadership, or capacity. An example of such occurrence is in Montego Bay in which international organizations brought tourists to already westernized sites, which harmed this degraded environment. Another example is the case of Papua New Guinea's Crater", "id": "4894414" }, { "contents": "Rare (conservation organization)\n\n\nRare is an international conservation organization whose stated mission is to help communities adopt sustainable behaviors toward their natural environment and resources. The organization uses marketing techniques and technical interventions to address threats like overfishing, deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices. Rare's work is founded on the belief that most of the threats faced by the environment are the result of human behavior, and that changing human behavior requires appealing to people using both rational and emotional arguments and removing any barriers that might prevent change. Rare was founded on January 1, 1973 by", "id": "7607917" }, { "contents": "Theoretical ecology\n\n\nusually is not otherwise considered in ecosystem ecology. For the most part, systems ecology is a subfield of ecosystem ecology. This is the study of how \"the environment, both physical and biological, interacts with the physiology of an organism. It includes the effects of climate and nutrients on physiological processes in both plants and animals, and has a particular focus on how physiological processes scale with organism size\". Swarm behaviour is a collective behaviour exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot", "id": "12114191" }, { "contents": "Ecological niche\n\n\nGreat Plains grasslands, exhibit similar modes of life. Once a niche is left vacant, other organisms can fill that position. For example, the niche that was left vacant by the extinction of the tarpan has been filled by other animals (in particular a small horse breed, the konik). Also, when plants and animals are introduced into a new environment, they have the potential to occupy or invade the niche or niches of native organisms, often outcompeting the indigenous species. Introduction of non-indigenous species to non", "id": "18615188" }, { "contents": "Claude Bernard\n\n\nof what would later be called homeostasis, a term coined by Walter Bradford Cannon. He also explained that: The living body, though it has need of the surrounding environment, is nevertheless relatively independent of it. This independence which the organism has of its external environment, derives from the fact that in the living being, the tissues are in fact withdrawn from direct external influences and are protected by a veritable internal environment which is constituted, in particular, by the fluids circulating in the body. The constancy of the internal", "id": "9200988" }, { "contents": "Carsey School of Public Policy\n\n\nof regional and national importance. The program emphasizes civic engagement as a path to stronger communities, and it partners with public officials, organizations, and other leaders in accomplishing this goal. The organization Everyday Democracy serves as a national partner. NH Listens was developed out of a similar grassroots program called Portsmouth Listens, founded in 1999. The Carsey School is funded through the support of philanthropic institutions, public and non-profit agencies, individuals, and a founding gift endowed by Marcy Carsey. Some of the school's funders include", "id": "13236149" }, { "contents": "Project Seahorse\n\n\nProject Seahorse is a marine conservation organization committed to the conservation and sustainable use of coastal marine ecosystems in general, and seahorses in particular. By working to protect seahorses, Project Seahorse supports marine conservation more broadly. These fish are affected by similar environmental and over-fishing pressures as all marine organisms, and benefit from similar conservation measures. The organization's work focuses on not just biological seahorse research, but marine fish populations, ecosystems, fishing communities, national and global trade issues, and policy and public outreach. It was", "id": "5187293" }, { "contents": "Sectarian violence among Christians\n\n\nsectarianism that governs relations between the two communities and which has resulted in the denial of human rights to the minority community. There are organizations dedicated to the reduction of sectarianism in Northern Ireland. The Corrymeela Community of Ballycastle operates a retreat centre on the northern coast of Northern Ireland to bring Catholics and Protestants together to discuss their differences and similarities. The Ulster Project works with teenagers from Northern Ireland and the United States to provide safe, non-denominational environments to discuss sectarianism in Northern Ireland. These organizations are attempting to bridge the", "id": "13233410" }, { "contents": "West Indian manatee\n\n\nvocalization after a vocal playback stimulus shows that they may be able to recognize another Manatee's individual voice. This behavior in manatees is found mostly between mother and calf interactions. However, vocalization can still be commonly found in a variety of social interactions within groups of manatees, which is similar to other aquatic mammals. When communicating in noisy environments, manatees that are in groups experience the same Lombard effect as humans do; where they will involuntary increase their vocal effort when communicating in loud environments. Based on acoustic and anatomical evidence", "id": "15981786" }, { "contents": "Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia\n\n\nagainst the organization \"F.A.K.E.L.-P.O.R.T.O.S.\", a youth commune of the similar type as that of Anton Makarenko. The organization was engaged in self-improvement of its members and re-education of street children and created successful farms under Kharkov and Moscow. In 2000, the commune was smashed up by Luberetskiy RUBOP, with gross violations of law, the members of the organization was wrongly accused of creating \"an illegal paramilitary group.\" In particular, Yuriy Davydov was sentenced to imprisonment and compulsory treatment with a diagnosis of \"schizophrenia", "id": "12753767" }, { "contents": "Framsticks\n\n\nhave genetic scripts inspired by DNA found in living organisms in nature. A user can isolate a particular organism in the gene pool and edit its genotype. Framsticks allows users to design organisms or manually edit the living genetic code of an organism. Users have the ability to seed the environment with energy orbs that the organisms convert to energy and material. Depending on how the organism does in its lifespan determines the future of the virtual gene pool. Gene pools can be exported and shared. The bodies are made up of various building", "id": "19282842" }, { "contents": "Liberation psychology\n\n\nsocial orientation. Using this framework, the behaviour of oppressed people is conceptualized not through intrapsychic processes, but as a result of the alienating environment. The social orientation has a particular emphasis on understanding the role of history in shaping current conditions, and the ways in which this history resulted in the oppression of particular communities. Within this orientation, critical examination of social power and its structures is crucial. This is necessary in order to understand political and social power as not being interpersonal, but part of a society's institutional organization", "id": "6155755" }, { "contents": "Cost accounting\n\n\ncontrol current operations and plan for the future. Since managers are making decisions only for their own organization, there is no need for the information to be comparable to similar information from other organizations. Instead, information must be relevant to a particular environment. Cost accounting information is commonly used in financial accounting, but its primary function is for use by managers to facilitate their decision-making. All types of businesses, whether service, manufacturing or trading, require cost accounting to track their activities. Cost accounting has long been used", "id": "19977619" }, { "contents": "Extracellular RNA\n\n\nenvironments would eventually degrade the molecule. Extracellular RNA should not be viewed as a category describing a set of RNAs with a specific biological function or belonging to a particular RNA family. Similar to the term \"non-coding RNA\", \"extracellular RNA\" defines a group of several types of RNAs whose functions are diverse, yet they share a common attribute which, in the case of exRNAs, is existence in an extracellular environment. The following types of RNA have been found outside the cell: Though prevalent inside of the", "id": "2106784" }, { "contents": "Emotional climate\n\n\nEmotional climate is a concept that quantifies the “climate” of a community, being a small group, a classroom, an organization, a geographical region. Emotional climates indicate the emotional relationships interwoven among members of a community and describe the quality of the environment within a particular context. Emotional climates reflect the way most members of a community feel in a given situation. The concept of emotional climate was first used in educational psychology to define the effects of classroom climates on learning, and extensively used in organizational psychology to capture differences", "id": "2209045" }, { "contents": "Royal Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada\n\n\nthe Partnership will serve as a voluntary health organization that coordinates access to specific health facilities such as primary care and diagnostics. The Partnership will have similar representation from Aboriginal community ensuring that services provided in the urban environment are still sensitive to Aboriginal cultural and linguistic concerns. Partnerships are especially needed in urban settings due to the specific needs of urban Aboriginals for problems such as diabetes and addiction. Furthermore, Partnerships may serve as an additional urban community organization that interfaces with other such Aboriginal organizations to serve as activists for the socioeconomic status of", "id": "10710316" }, { "contents": "New York City Gay Hockey Association\n\n\nThe New York City Gay Hockey Association (NYCGHA) is an LGBT sports league based in New York City. Jeff Kagan and Jeff Minck founded the NYCGHA in 1999, after playing on the same team without either realizing the other was gay. Kagan decided to organize the league after playing with the Toronto Gay Hockey Association, just as an NYCGHA player founded a similar league in Madison, Wisconsin. The similar organization in Chicago cites the NYCGHA as its inspiration. The NYCGHA describes its mission as providing \"an environment free of harassment", "id": "18463151" }, { "contents": "California Green Building Standards Code\n\n\nStatewide Health Planning and Development are instead interested in protecting particular benefits for the community (in the case of OSHPD the health). HCD organizes annual and triennial focus group meetings among stakeholders to check the effectiveness of the policy adopted and to discuss proposed changes to the code. CALGreen 2010 is effective since January 1, 2011, so it’s still too early for evaluate its effectiveness. However both BIG and LEED are successful standards similar to CALGreen. The system developed by Build-it-Green is called GreenPoint Rated Climate Calculator", "id": "15588268" }, { "contents": "Electrocommunication\n\n\nis correlated to the amplitude of the EOD. Tuberous electroreceptors show a V-shaped threshold tuning curve (similar to auditory system), which means that they are tuned to a particular frequency. This particular tuned-in frequency is usually closely matched to their own EOD frequency. Weakly electric fish generates Electric Organ Discharge (EOD) with specialized compartments called electric organ. Almost all the weakly electric fishes have electric organs derived from muscle cells (myogenic) ; the only exception is the Apteronotidae, a family under Gymnotiforms that has", "id": "11250203" }, { "contents": "Pattern (architecture)\n\n\nseek to provide a source of proven ideas for individuals and communities to use in constructing their living and working environment. As such their aim is both aesthetic and political: to show how beautiful, comfortable and flexible built environments can be constructed, and to enable those people who will inhabit those environments to challenge any solution forced upon them. A pattern records the design decisions taken by many builders in many places over many years in order to resolve a particular problem. Alexander describes a problem in terms of the so-called \"", "id": "11315760" }, { "contents": "Gene–environment interaction\n\n\norigins in research programs that seek to measure the relative proportions of genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation within populations. Biometric gene–environment interaction has particular currency in population genetics and behavioral genetics. Any interaction results in the breakdown of the additivity of the main effects of heredity and environment, but whether such interaction is present in particular settings is an empirical question. Biometric interaction is relevant in the context of research on individual differences rather than in the context of the development of a particular organism. Developmental gene–environment interaction is", "id": "15037330" }, { "contents": "Virus\n\n\nmortality agents of phytoplankton, the base of the foodchain in aquatic environments. They infect and destroy bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, and are one of the most important mechanisms of recycling carbon and nutrient cycling in marine environments. The organic molecules released from the dead bacterial cells stimulate fresh bacterial and algal growth, in a process known as the viral shunt. In particular, lysis of bacteria by viruses has been shown to enhance nitrogen cycling and stimulate phytoplankton growth. Viral activity may also affect the biological pump, the process whereby carbon", "id": "5611976" }, { "contents": "Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study\n\n\nadding to the need for alternate treatments. The new risks of malaria posed by World War II called for experimentation at an unprecedented scale, with a particular focus on human subjects. The prison offered an environment conducive to controlled scientific experimentation on human subjects. The malaria experiments at Stateville Penitentiary are noteworthy for their utilization of this prison environment across all aspects of the experiments. A prison population allowed for researchers to limit extraneous variables across the subjects. Participants of the studies were exclusively white men, of similar age and health, which", "id": "19851481" }, { "contents": "Newtown Mission Uniting Church\n\n\nadaptation to Australian requirements first by Mansfield and later by Rowe being of particular significance. Technically the organ was of a very advanced design and high standard of workmanship. The modifications made to it in 1910 were done with a similar standard of technical excellence and with respect for its provenance. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. It is significant for its 130 years of community relationship both of a religious and more recently of a", "id": "11400895" }, { "contents": "Obelia dichotoma\n\n\n\" Not only can \"O. dichotoma\" have a negative impact on the environment through disease and obstruction, the \"O. dichotoma\" can also benefit from environmental impact humans have on the oceanic environment. Most hydroids and similar organisms, respond negatively to increasing concentrations of fecal matter in the aqueous environment but, according to a 2018 study of the coral reefs in Havana Harbour, Cuba, \"O. dichotoma\" along with a few other species were found to have a positive reaction to increasing fecal matter concentrations in the environment. Human", "id": "21510693" }, { "contents": "Society for Environment and Education\n\n\nSociety for Environment and Education (SEE) was founded by Dr. P. Narayana Rao, who is the President of the SEE organization. The society was established to preserve the environment and prevent its degradation. As a part of environmental education, Dr. Rao also created the magazine, 'Environment and People'. His grassroots efforts to protect environment in highly polluted cities like Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai in India are making a difference in the community. The objectives of this society are: - To inculcate environment awareness in society", "id": "18168847" }, { "contents": "Ralstonia solanacearum\n\n\n-gene interactions may play a significant role in shaping virulence genes in \"R. solanacearum\". Some of these effector proteins are homologous to Transcription Activator-like effectors (TAL effectors) from Xanthomonas and could possibly have a similar function of activating specific genes in the host plant cells during \"R. solanacearum\" pathogenesis. The environment in which \"R. solanacearum\" is commonly found is affected by the particular race (a genetically diverse population within a species), and the particular biovar (a strain that differs physiologically or biochemically from", "id": "21825149" }, { "contents": "Thelodonti\n\n\nas modern sharks, so functionally they served a similar role. This allows for a clearer observation of their ecological niches. In particular, protection against abrasion seems to have been the original role for these scales. Most thelodonts were considered deposit feeders, but more recent studies have shown that several species were active swimmers and thus more pelagic. A large variety of species in particular preferred reef ecosystems. They are mainly known from open shelf environments, but are also found nearer the shore and in some freshwater settings. The appearance of", "id": "5621541" }, { "contents": "Organizational ecology\n\n\nLaszlo Polos, and Glenn Carroll (2007), provide the most comprehensive overview of the various theories and methods in organizational ecology. Organizational ecology focuses on how social (community) forces affect: Organizational ecology is concerned with the capacity of the environment to support organizations and the rate of growth and decline of organizations within the environment. Each of these forces is a part of what is called \"Organizational Mortality\". This factor holds that organizations that are reliable and accountable are those that can survive (favored by selection).", "id": "13437343" }, { "contents": "Plant to plant communication via mycorrhizal networks\n\n\nthe ongoing debate within the scientific community regarding what constitutes communication, but the extent of communication influences how a biologist perceives behaviors. Communication is commonly defined as imparting or exchanging information. Biological communication, however, is often defined by how fitness in an organism is affected by the transfer of information in both the sender and the receiver. Signals are the result of evolved behavior in the sender and effect a change in the receiver by imparting information about the sender's environment. Cues are similar in origin but only effect the fitness of", "id": "2984684" }, { "contents": "World Community Grid\n\n\n. By correlating the pattern data with information about treatment and patient outcome, the results of this project could help provide better targeted treatment options. The Genome Comparison project is sponsored by the Brazilian research institution Fiocruz. The project was launched on November 21, 2006, and completed on July 21, 2007. The project seeks to compare gene sequences of different organisms against each other in order to find similarities between them. Scientists hope to discover what purpose a particular gene sequence serves in a particular function of one organism, via comparing", "id": "15966699" }, { "contents": "Development communication\n\n\nEnvironment Development communication policies on environment take on approaches expected to create good environment practices. A particular approach that aims for the conversion of the heart and mind is Transformational Communication. This communication model is the answer to failed environment programs, especially the top-down strategy and those that target only behavior change (Flor and Smith, 1997). Mooney (2017) views Transformational Communication superior to other communication types which simply passes information (transactional) and purpose (transformative) on a rational level. He defines Transformational as transfer of", "id": "14194589" }, { "contents": "Deep sea community\n\n\nphotosynthesis. The limited amount of light, however, can still allow organisms to see, and creatures with a sensitive vision can detect prey, communicate, and orientate themselves using their sight. Organisms in this layer have large eyes to maximize the amount of light in the environment. Most mesopelagic fish make daily vertical migrations, moving at night into the epipelagic zone, often following similar migrations of zooplankton, and returning to the depths for safety during the day. These vertical migrations often occur over a large vertical distances, and are", "id": "4981212" }, { "contents": "Joseph V. Brady\n\n\nparticular Ham. Ham was the first hominid in space and rode aboard a Redstone launch vehicle. The training of Ham was performed in a similar way to his earlier studies on executive monkeys. He founded the Programmed Environment Research Center as well as the Division of Behavioral Biology in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He continued to work there for three decades and received the P.B. Dews Lifetime Achievement Award in Behavioral Pharmacology in 2004. Based upon his seminal work in programmed environments, he", "id": "5428264" }, { "contents": "Buckhead Business Association\n\n\nThe Buckhead Business Association (BBA), founded in 1951, is a non-profit association in Atlanta that strives to create an informed business community in Buckhead. A group of independent Buckhead merchants founded the association. According to the organization’s mission statement, the BBA provides “a positive and informed business environment for its members to achieve cultural, civic, social, economic, and business goals, and actively contribute to the vitality of the greater Buckhead community.” In the 1980s, the organization publicly supported an extension of", "id": "448567" }, { "contents": "Don Lavoie\n\n\nhermeneutics in the late 1980s, and in particular with the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. His influence here extended to many of his students mentioned above. His effort drew criticism from several members of the Austrian School associated with the Mises Institute, especially Murray Rothbard and Hans-Hermann Hoppe. As a young professor, he worked on the philosophy and practice of electronically mediated discourse. He knew the importance for organizations of new ways of cultivating interactive learning environments (groupware and hypertext software environments) in order to enhance communicative processes", "id": "21303278" }, { "contents": "K Desktop Environment 1\n\n\nK Desktop Environment 1 was the inaugural series of releases of the K Desktop Environment. There were two major releases in this series. The development started right after Matthias Ettrich’s announcement on to found the \"Kool Desktop Environment\". The word \"Kool\" was dropped shortly afterward and the name became simply \"K Desktop Environment\". In the beginning, all components were released to the developer community separately without any coordinated timeframe throughout the overall project. First communication of KDE via mailing list, that was called \"[email protected]", "id": "14770382" }, { "contents": "Regional Scale Nodes\n\n\nthat seismic sensors could be installed at key areas along the spreading center which would serve as an early warning system for earthquakes and tsunamis. The existence of a long-term cabled observatory will allow for long-term measurements of biological communities. In particular, the Juan de Fuca plate's divergent plate boundary has resulted in the existence of seafloor hydrothermal vents ecosystems, and other similar groups. These deep sea communities, thriving in extremely harsh environments, pose a number of unsolved scientific questions which RSN will be capable of investigating.", "id": "21386569" }, { "contents": "Community organizing\n\n\nof rapid immigration and industrialization by organizing immigrant neighborhoods in urban centers. Since the emphasis of the reformers was mostly on building community through settlement houses and other service mechanisms, the dominant approach was what Fisher calls social work. During this period the Newsboys Strike of 1899 provided an early model of youth-led organizing. During this period, much of community organizing methodology was generated in Schools of Social Work, with a particular methodological focus grounded in the philosophy of John Dewey, which focused on experience, education, and other sociological", "id": "21400026" }, { "contents": "Endolith\n\n\nAn endolith is an organism (archaeon, bacterium, fungus, lichen, algae or amoeba) that lives inside rock, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock. Many are extremophiles, living in places long imagined inhospitable to life. They are of particular interest to astrobiologists, who theorize that endolithic environments on Mars and other planets constitute potential refugia for extraterrestrial microbial communities. The term \"endolith\", which defines an organism that colonizes the interior of any kind of rock, has been", "id": "13211140" }, { "contents": "Bacterial genome\n\n\n, transduction and conjugation. Transformation involves the uptake of named DNA from the environment. Through transformation, DNA can be transmitted between distantly related organisms. Some bacterial species, such as \"Haemophilus influenzae\" and \"Neisseria gonorrhoeae\", are continuously competent to accept DNA. Other species, such as \"Bacillus subtilis\" and \"Streptococcus pneumoniae\", become competent when they enter a particular phase in their lifecycle. Transformation in \"N. gonorrhoeae\" and \"H. influenzae\" is effective only if particular recognition sequences are found in the", "id": "17758172" }, { "contents": "Blue box recycling system\n\n\ncalled Pollution Probe was formed in 1969 by students and faculty at the University of Toronto and in 1971, members published a report stressing the need for recycling. Also in 1971, the Canadian Federal Government first established a national Department of the Environment, known as Environment Canada, with Environmental protection as one of its priorities. The Ontario government followed suit with a Ministry of the Environment in 1972. Jack McGinnis of Toronto helped form a community-based non-profit organization called \"Is Five\" Foundation in 1974. Named for", "id": "15814036" }, { "contents": "Ignasi Ribó\n\n\nallow individuals and groups to adapt to their particular environment -, and (4) habitat - a given natural environment. In his essay, Ignasi Ribó claims that the model of the habitat-nation could favour the development of a free, fair and cohesive society (what he calls the 'philial society'), based on the sustainability of cohabitation and on the eco-liberal principles of justice (liberty, fairness, care). Ribó defines the habitat-nation as the community of individuals (inhabitants) who share", "id": "1381980" }, { "contents": "Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence\n\n\nto any particular organization (such as the SETI Institute). CETI research has focused on four broad areas: mathematical languages, pictorial systems such as the Arecibo message, algorithmic communication systems (ACETI), and computational approaches to detecting and deciphering \"natural\" language communication. There remain many undeciphered writing systems in human communication, such as Linear A, discovered by archeologists. Much of the research effort is directed at how to overcome similar problems of decipherment that arise in many scenarios of interplanetary communication. On 13 February 2015,", "id": "4608812" }, { "contents": "Environmental sociology\n\n\n-facilitated environmental destruction delegitimized other forms. Thus recreated communities were founded in these so-called 'Dark Ages,' novel religions were popularized, and perhaps most importantly to him the environment had several centuries to recover from previous destruction. Chew argues that modern green politics and bioregionalism is the start of a similar movement of the present day potentially leading to wholesale system transformation. Therefore, we may be on the edge of yet another global \"dark age\" which is bright instead of dark on many levels since he argues for", "id": "20723677" }, { "contents": "Ion Antonescu\n\n\nlevels of authority. Far right groups issued calls for his canonization by the Romanian Orthodox Church (together with a similar request to canonize Corneliu Zelea Codreanu). Certain neofascist groups claim to represent a legacy of \"Codrenism\" from which Sima was a deviationist, and these have also become Antonescu apologists. A particular case in this process was that of forces gathered around the Greater Romania Party, a group often characterized as merging xenophobic or neofascist messages and the legacy of Ceaușescu's national communism. Founded by party leader and former \"", "id": "16541638" }, { "contents": "Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations\n\n\nThe Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations (CoP; commonly Presidents' Conference) is an American non-profit organization that addresses issues of critical concern to the Jewish community. It comprises 51 national Jewish organizations. It was founded to develop a consensus voice among Jewish organizations in dealings with the executive branch. The Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organization was founded in 1956 in response to requests from President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his administration. The American Jewish community of the period was experiencing a large growth in its similar", "id": "14349243" }, { "contents": "Perception\n\n\nthe principle of modularity, with specialized mechanisms handling particular perception tasks. For example, people with damage to a particular part of the brain suffer from the specific defect of not being able to recognize faces (prospagnosia). EP suggests that this indicates a so-called face-reading module. Here perception is proposed to be a dynamic motor-sensory closed-loop process in which information flows through the environment and the brain in continuous loops. With experience, organisms can learn to make finer perceptual distinctions, and learn new", "id": "5302186" }, { "contents": "Organ transplantation in fiction\n\n\n1979 science fiction horror film \"\", written by Bob Sullivan and Ron Smith, is set in an isolated community in a remote desert area, where clones are bred to serve as a source of replacement organs for the wealthy and powerful. The clones are kept in a seemingly idyllic environment of apparent leisure and luxury, right up to the point where they are killed for their organs. Michael Marshall Smith's novel \"Spares\" has a similar premise. Unlike the clones in \"Parts: The Clonus Horror\", the", "id": "16613775" }, { "contents": "Keep America Beautiful\n\n\nKeep America Beautiful is a Stamford, Connecticut based non profit organization founded in 1953. It is the largest community improvement organization in the United States, with more than 620 state and community-based affiliate organizations (similar to local chapters) and more than 1,000 community organizations that participate in their programs. Keep America Beautiful focuses on three key issues: litter prevention, waste reduction/recycling and community greening and beautification. This is accomplished through a combination of community organizing, public education and the fostering of public/private partnerships.", "id": "12063580" } ]

[ { "contents": "List of Donald Duck universe characters\n\n\nScot. Scrooge and his nephews managed to defeat him after staging a mock Battle of Culloden. In the \"DuckTales\" episode Down and Out in Duckburg, a character named Fritter O'Way with the same background took over Scrooge's fortune until Scrooge recovered the cargo sunk with Seafoam McDuck's ship, the Golden Goose. His ancestor, Swindle McSue, is the guy who sabotaged Seafoam McDuck's boat in 1776. Because of that incident Scrooge almost lost his fortune. Scottie McTerrier was appointed caretaker of the McDuck Castle by Scrooge McDuck", "id": "59538" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nepisode \"Shangri-La-Di-Da\". In the new \"DuckTales,\" Scrooge is played by Scottish actor David Tennant, who brings both the nephews and Donald into his home at the end of the series premier. This series shows that Scrooge previously adventured with his nephew Donald and his niece Della Duck, but a tragic event ten years prior to the start of the series resulted in Scrooge and Donald going their separate ways. He seems to have a rather pessimistic attitude about family as a result, and", "id": "10212695" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nScrooge and Fergus' relationship is shown to be a conflicted one, while Downy happily greets her visiting family. Along with Scrooge's parents, the 2017 series pilot also refers to several additional members of Clan McDuck and the Duck family, including Scrooge's grandfather Dingus and sister Matilda, and Donald's parents Hortense (sister of Scrooge and Matilda) and Quackmore. Several additional ancestors are referred to in \"The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck!\", and further evolved upon in the tie-in book \"DuckTales: Solving", "id": "7093850" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\ninherited his mother's temper. A fight with Scrooge in 1930 ended all relationships between Scrooge and his family and she retired. Scrooge may have claimed that he is the last McDuck, as he is the only male left. Hortense and Matilda changed their names to Duck after marriage, so, technically, Scrooge is the last McDuck. Hortense is mentioned and pictured in the \"DuckTales\" 2017 premier \"Woo-oo!\", where Webby Vanderquack cites her as a connecting link between the triplets and Scrooge. Douglas McDuck", "id": "12804458" }, { "contents": "List of Donald Duck universe characters\n\n\nThis list of Donald Duck universe characters focuses on Disney cartoon characters who typically appear with Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck, but are not related to them. For relatives of Donald and Scrooge, see Duck family (Disney) or Clan McDuck. For characters exclusive to the \"DuckTales\" franchise, see List of \"DuckTales\" characters. Ducks are the most common type of named characters in the Donald Duck universe. Like Donald, they appear as white American Pekin ducks. This section contains a list of characters with the surname", "id": "59404" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\n15th Episode of the 2017 \"DuckTales\" reboot, it is revealed that Scrooge was also \"stuck in a timeless demon dimension\" called Demogorgana for an unknown amount of time, which is used to explain his young look. In the 19th 2017 episode of \" 'Ducktales' \" it says he was born in 1867. \"Forbes\" magazine routinely lists Scrooge McDuck on its annual \"Fictional 15\" list of the richest fictional characters by net worth: Grupo Ronda S.A has the license to use the character, as well", "id": "10212676" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\n, Matilda and Scrooge's nephews find a letter from Fergus, who believed Scrooge would eventually find it, revealing the reason he hid the secret from Scrooge is that Scrooge would feel better building his own fortune instead of inheriting one. Fergus appears in the classic \"DuckTales\" episode \"Once Upon a Dime\", which explores Scrooge's history; here he is referred to as \"McPapa.\" Fergus' name and image are also present in the 2017 \"DuckTales\" series, which draws heavily from the comics. He", "id": "12804435" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nlater appears (voiced by Graham McTavish) in the episode \"The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck!\", having survived to the present due to Scrooge rebuilding Castle McDuck using magic stones that have granted his parents-and possibly Scrooge himself-immortality. Scrooge and Fergus' relationship is initially tense, with Fergus expressing apparent disapproval of Scrooge; in reality, however, he's angry because Scrooge hasn't been a part of his life. In the 1993 NES game \"DuckTales 2\", Scrooge and his nephews found a", "id": "12804436" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nThe Second Richest Duck\" as noted by a \"Time\" article, Scrooge is worth \"one multiplujillion, nine obsquatumatillion, six hundred twenty-three dollars and sixty-two cents\". In the \"DuckTales\" episode \"Liquid Assets\", Fenton Crackshell (Scrooge's accountant) notes that McDuck's money bin contains \"607 tillion 386 zillion 947 trillion 522 billion dollars and 36 cents\". Don Rosa's \"Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" notes that Scrooge amounts to \"five multiplujillion, nine impossibidillion,", "id": "10212646" }, { "contents": "Uncle Scrooge\n\n\nAmong the adversaries who make repeat appearances are the Beagle Boys, Magica De Spell, John D. Rockerduck and Flintheart Glomgold. \"Uncle Scrooge\" is one of the core titles of the \"Duck universe\". Its early issues by famed writer/artist (and creator of Scrooge McDuck) Carl Barks formed the inspiration for the syndicated television cartoon \"DuckTales\" in the late 1980s. Several stories written by Barks and published in \"Uncle Scrooge\" were adapted as episodes of \"DuckTales\". The first 70 issues mostly consisted", "id": "7995004" }, { "contents": "List of Donald Duck universe characters\n\n\nDisney's Comics and Stories #50\". He has recently made appearances in Disney comics produced in the Netherlands. Porker Hogg is a rival of Angus Pothole McDuck. He hired the original Beagle Boys to destroy McDuck's boat but then they double crossed him. Porker's nephew Horseshoe Hogg challenged Scrooge McDuck to finish the race their uncles started in 1870, but in the imaginary part of Ducktales, he was a thug who worked for the Beagle Boys. Argus McSwine is an enemy of Scrooge McDuck and Donald Duck. He", "id": "59566" }, { "contents": "DuckTales: The Quest for Gold\n\n\nDuckTales: The Quest for Gold is a platform game developed by Incredible Technologies for the Amiga, Apple II, Commodore 64 and DOS. It was released in 1990 and published by Walt Disney Computer Software. The game bears little resemblance to the Capcom game known simply as \"DuckTales\" that was released for the NES and Game Boy. The game starts as Flintheart Glomgold walks into Scrooge McDuck's office and challenges him to see who is the richest duck in the world. Assuming the role of Scrooge, the player then gets", "id": "13630744" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\ntheir uncles' steamboats back to the surface to finish the race for Cornpone Gables. Scrooge won, only to learn that 85 years of disuse made the mansion so fragile that he accidentally destroyed it with a sneeze. A character obviously based on Angus, but called \"Catfish\" McDuck and voiced by Peter Renaday, appears in the \"DuckTales\" episode \"Once Upon a Dime.\" Fergus McDuck (1835–1902) is the second child of Dingus and Molly McDuck and the father of Scrooge McDuck. As such he is a", "id": "12804429" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales episodes\n\n\nThe following is an episode list for the Disney animated television series \"DuckTales\". The series is based on the Scrooge McDuck character and the \"Uncle Scrooge\" comic books created by Carl Barks. The series stars Scrooge, his grand nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie and Webby Vanderquack, and several characters created for the series. While Huey, Dewey, and Louie originated in Donald Duck animated short subjects in the 1930s, their characterization on \"DuckTales\" approximated that of Barks' comics. Although Donald Duck was a", "id": "9944500" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\n, \"\", and \"\"; David Kaye in the 2017 series) is Scrooge's longtime, no-nonsense butler, the jack-of-all-trades of McDuck Manor, and an important member of Scrooge's staff, created for the \"DuckTales\" series. Despite having \"Duck\" in his name, he is actually an anthropomorphic dog. In the 1987 series, he worked for Scrooge even before the nephews moved in, and was Scrooge's only household servant until the hiring of Mrs. Beakley.", "id": "7093827" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nby Scrooge's great-great-grandfather Silas McDuck, a character who makes his only appearance here. Initially in the 2017 series, Downy and Fergus only appear in portraits at McDuck Manor, after which they make their proper debut in \"The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck!\". Due to Scrooge using magical druid stones to rebuild their ancestral castle so his parents could move back in there, Downy and Fergus have become immortal, and the castle is only accessible to the rest of the world once every five years.", "id": "7093849" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\n\"Mickey Mouse Works\" and some episodes (specially \"House of Scrooge\") of \"Disney's House of Mouse\", as well as the direct-to-video films \"Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas\" and \"Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas\". His video game appearances include the three \"DuckTales\" releases (\"DuckTales\", \"DuckTales 2\", and \"\"), and in \"Toontown Online\" as the accidental creator of the Cogs. Additionally, he is a secret playable character", "id": "10212689" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nillustrated family tree, but has not appeared in any stories; his name does appear in the 2017 incarnation of \"DuckTales.\" More about Dingus is mentioned in the episode \"The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck!\", in which it is revealed that he and his son Fergus had an antagonistic relationship not unlike Fergus and Scrooge's own. A 1960s story by Bob Gregory and Tony Strobl identifies Scrooge's grandfather as Titus McDuck. Molly Mallard was the wife of Dingus McDuck and the mother of Angus, Fergus, and", "id": "12804422" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\n\" (Duck Tales: the Adventure Hunters). In Italy, the series was called \"Avventure di paperi\". In France, the series was called \"La bande à Picsou\" (\"McDuck's gang\"). The french name of Scrooge McDuck is \"Balthazar Picsou\". Scrooge's last name \"Picsou\" comes from a french expression \"Pique-Sou\" putting an emphasis around Scrooge's stingy behavior. Huey Dewey, and Louie are called \"Fifi\", \"Riri\" and \"Loulou\"", "id": "379233" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nso large that he became a major figure of the Duck universe. In 1952 he was given his own comic book series, called \"Uncle Scrooge\", which still runs today. Scrooge was most famously drawn by his creator Carl Barks, and later by Don Rosa. Like other Disney franchise characters, Scrooge McDuck's international popularity has resulted in literature that is often translated into other languages. Comics have remained Scrooge's primary medium, although he has also appeared in animated cartoons, most extensively in the television series \"DuckTales", "id": "10212615" }, { "contents": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)\n\n\n), Kimiko Glenn (Lena De Spell) and Margo Martindale (Ma Beagle) were all nominated, but none of the nominations resulted in any award. In 2019, the episode \"Who is Gizmoduck?\" was nominated for two Imagen Awards. Disney comics creator Don Rosa, primarily known for his Uncle Scrooge comic sub-series \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\", has expressed his dislike of the \"DuckTales\" reboot series, claiming that it bears \"virtually no resemblance whatsoever\" to Barks' original", "id": "12818175" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\nmobile game titled \"Disney Snow Sports\" on 2007. An app was released by Disney in the late summer/early fall of 2013 called \"\", where the player tries to get Scrooge back his money that was stolen by Flintheart Glomgold, Magica de Spell, and the Beagle Boys. Scrooge McDuck and Launchpad McQuack appeared in Disney Emoji Blitz in 2017. \"DuckTales\" releasing on the Picture Books from the part of \"Disney Gold\" and was Published by Kodansha. \"DuckTales\" had two series of comic books", "id": "379225" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nThis article includes a list of characters from the Disney \"DuckTales\" animated franchise, including the original 1987 series and the 2017 reboot series, as well as and a variety of additional spin-off media merchandise, including video games (most notably \"DuckTales\" and its updated remake \"\") and comics. Prior to the series, many of the characters appeared in the \"Uncle Scrooge\" comic book stories, in particular the ones created by Carl Barks. Scrooge McDuck (voiced by Alan Young in the 1987 series,", "id": "7093792" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nSoccermania\" (1987). Scrooge's biggest role outside comics would come in the 1987 animated series \"DuckTales\", a series loosely based on Carl Barks's comics, and where Alan Young returned to voice him. In this series, premiered over two-hours on September 18, 1987, while the regular episodes began three days later, Scrooge becomes the legal guardian of Huey, Dewey and Louie when Donald joins the United States Navy. Scrooge's \"DuckTales\" persona is considerably mellow compared to most previous appearances;", "id": "10212687" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nGlasgow. Even after their departure, the clan still owned the castle and continued to pay the taxes by pooling their incomes. By 1885, only Fergus and Jake McDuck remain to pay the taxes, but their combined income is not enough, causing the Crown to auction it off. Scrooge then buys the estate, allowing his family to reoccupy the castle. He also hires local dogface Scottie McTerrier as caretaker. Sometime after Scottie's death, Scrooge's sister Matilda becomes caretaker. In the \"DuckTales\" continuity, Castle McDuck", "id": "12804401" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nthe never-ending and tiresome stories. According to Carl Barks' 1955 one-pager \"Watt an Occasion\" (\"Uncle Scrooge\" #12), Scrooge is 75 years of age. According to Don Rosa, Scrooge was born in Scotland in 1867, and earned his Number One Dime (or First Coin) exactly ten years later. The \"DuckTales\" episodes (and many European comics) show a Scrooge who hailed from Scotland in the 19th century, yet was clearly familiar with all the technology and amenities", "id": "10212673" }, { "contents": "Darkwing Duck\n\n\na comic book published by Joe Books, which premiered on April 27, 2016. Though originally believed by some fans to be a spin-off of the 1987 \"DuckTales\" series, creator Tad Stones stated in a 2016 report that he believes the two shows exist in different universes, despite \"DuckTales\" supporting characters Launchpad McQuack appearing on the series in a similar role to that the character plays in \"DuckTales\" as well as Gizmoduck appearing in a few episodes, and the fact that Scrooge McDuck, the main character", "id": "10290620" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nseven fantastica trillion dollars and sixteen cents\". A thought bubble from Scrooge McDuck sitting in his car with his chauffeur in \"Walt Disney's Christmas Parade\" No.1 (published in 1949) that takes place in the story \"Letter to Santa\" clearly states \"What's the use of having 'eleven octillion dollars' if I don't make a big noise about it?\" In \"\", Scrooge mentions \"We quadzillionaires have our own ideas of fun.\" In the first episode of the 2017 DuckTales series,", "id": "10212647" }, { "contents": "Boom! Studios\n\n\nissue #399, the series reprinted \"DuckTales\" comics from the early 1990s featuring Uncle Scrooge before spinning off a stand-alone \"DuckTales\" series featuring new original stories. With issue #400 to its ending with #404, the series re-focused on reprinting past classics from Carl Barks, Don Rosa, Daan Jippes, and Romano Scarpa. BOOM Kids! also brought Don Rosa's best-selling 1995 Eisner Award-winning \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" back into print in two hardcover editions", "id": "21171177" }, { "contents": "Andrew Cosby\n\n\nDuckTales series featuring new original stories. With issue #400 to its ending with #404, the series re-focused on reprinting past classics from Carl Barks, Don Rosa, Daan Jippes, and Romano Scarpa. *BOOM Kids! also brought Don Rosa's best-selling 1995 Eisner Award-winning The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck back into print in two hardcover editions along with The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Companion. Other hardcovers that collected past classics like Walt Disney's Valentine's Classics and Walt Disney's", "id": "9618776" }, { "contents": "DuckTales 2\n\n\nin a treasure chest. Locating all of the map pieces is not required to complete the game, but collecting all of them opens up an optional sixth stage in which the lost treasure of McDuck can be found. As the game opens, Huey runs to his uncle Scrooge McDuck with a torn piece of paper, which is a piece of a treasure map drawn by Fergus McDuck. Inspired to discover the hidden treasure left by Fergus, Scrooge starts an expedition to find the missing pieces, unaware that his archenemy Flintheart Glomgold is", "id": "18083121" }, { "contents": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)\n\n\nfinale special. Before the series was released, it was renewed for a second season on March 2, 2017. The second season premiered on October 20, 2018. On September 21, 2018, \"DuckTales\" was renewed for a third season. After not speaking to each other for ten years, Scrooge McDuck is reunited with his nephew Donald Duck after he asks Scrooge to babysit his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie for the day. The presence of the newcomers rekindles Scrooge's sense of adventure, leading the", "id": "12818163" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nwas first published in France.) The old clansmen seen on \"DuckTales\" wear a green and orange tartan, but of a slightly different design from that of the comics. Scrooge Shah was the last king of Sagbad and the earliest known ancestor of Scrooge McDuck. A young King Khan Khan (2050 BC-1967 AD) sacked the city of Sagbad in 2033 BC, but Scrooge Shah and Prince Donduk, his heir apparent, managed to escape. Khan Khan lost their tracks, but would much later locate their distant descendants.", "id": "12804406" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nMcDuck's old castle, along with her family in 1885. She died in 1897, and was buried in the McDucks' cemetery. She later appeared to her husband Fergus at his own passing, and together they joined various McDuck ancestors. Downy's image and name are also present in the 2017 incarnation of \"DuckTales\", usually alongside those of her husband. Jake McDuck (1832–?) is Scrooge McDuck's uncle. He was mentioned in the story \"A Christmas for Shacktown\" (1952) by Carl", "id": "12804438" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nyouth in Ronguay\". While she admittingly \"always loved gold more than she loved Scrooge\", the pair's mutual affection and respect go deep. In season two, she first makes a (non-speaking) appearance at the first annual McDuck Enterprises Christmas party before returning in a major role in the Old West flashback episode \"The Outlaw Scrooge McDuck!\", in which she joins forces with Scrooge, a time-traveling Gyro, and Fenton's ancestor Sheriff Marshall Cabrera against John D. Rockerduck. Ludwig Von Drake", "id": "7093842" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nJake McDuck. Her first and only appearance was in an illustrated family tree created by Don Rosa; she has not appeared in any stories. Coincidentally, her maiden name is the same as the last name of the main character in \"Darkwing Duck.\"br She appeared as a ghost in the DuckTales 2017's episode: \"The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck!\" Quagmire McDuck was Dingus McDuck's brother and Scrooge McDuck's great uncle. He inherited a silver watch from his ancestor Hugh \"Seafoam\" McDuck and passed it", "id": "12804423" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nhe takes Scrooge can be both the hero and the villain of his stories. This is one thing he has in common with his nephew Donald. Scrooge's sense of honesty also distinguishes him from his rival Flintheart Glomgold, who places no such self-limitations. During the cartoon series \"DuckTales\", at times he would be heard saying to Glomgold, \"You're a cheater, and cheaters \"never\" prosper!\" Like his nephew Donald, Scrooge has also a temper (But not a strong temper unlike his", "id": "10212656" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\nscene when Scrooge and his nephews read letters he sends to them, and a few minor appearances by Scrooge's old flame, Glittering Goldie, whose character was adapted from the comic books. The show introduced new characters to the Duck universe; while some were minor including: the nanny Mrs. Beakley, whom Scrooge hires to babysit the nephews; Mrs. Beakley's granddaughter Webby; Scrooge's pilot Launchpad McQuack; Doofus Drake, an admirer of Launchpad and a close friend of the nephews; and the McDuck Manor butler, Duckworth.", "id": "379193" }, { "contents": "Duck family (Disney)\n\n\nin \"Mickey's Christmas Carol\", as well can be spotted in background in episode of \"DuckTales\" \"Horse Scents\". In \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" by Don Rosa, it is told that her father is Clinton Coot, her mother is Gertrude Gadwall, her grandfather is Cornelius Coot, and her brother is Casey Coot. In numerous European stories (including Marco Rota's \"From Egg to Duck\"), she is shown as Scrooge McDuck's older sister. In some of the", "id": "1279640" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nthe names Downy and Fergus were created for their appearances in Don Rosa's 12-part comic book series \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". In the 1987 series, Scrooge's parents are simply referred to as \"MacMama\" and \"MacPapa\", and they appear in flashbacks in the episode \"Once Upon a Dime\", where they are shown living as farmers in a small cottage. They are also alluded to in the episode \"The Curse of Castle McDuck\", which also mentioned the family castle being build", "id": "7093848" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nbe the only one who throws Scrooge a party. After accidentally being summoned back to the world of the living by Black Arts Beagle in the episode \"McMystery at McDuck McManor!\", he rescues Scrooge from Black Arts, Glomgold, Mark Beaks, and Ma Beagle by ejecting them in the form of a shadowy demon, later nicknamed \"Demonworth\". His ghost has since returned to his duties as Scrooge's faithful butler. Gyro Gearloose (voiced by Hal Smith in the 1987 series; Chris Edgerly in \"\";", "id": "7093829" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nand sneaky around Donald, they are wide-eyed admirers of Scrooge's fortune and the legends of his adventures. Initially, the trio are sent to stay with Scrooge while Donald attends a job interview during the premiere episode, but after renewing Scrooge's spirit for adventure (and Dewey accidentally wrecking their houseboat), Donald and the nephews move into McDuck Manor and accompany him on his new adventures. Della had initially wanted to name her sons \"Jet, Turbo, and Rebel\", respectively; their current names was given", "id": "7093800" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\nDuckTales is an American animated television series, produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and distributed by Buena Vista Television. The cartoon series premiered on September 18, 1987, and ran for a total of 100 episodes over four seasons, with its final episode airing on November 28, 1990. Based upon \"Uncle Scrooge\" and other Duck universe comic books created by Carl Barks, the show follows Scrooge McDuck, his three grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, and close friends of the group, on various adventures, most of", "id": "379189" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nand came to America with his Number One Dime, eventually establishing his home in McDuck Manor and erecting his famous Money Bin. He sports a blue jacket with red cuffs and a red collar. Pat Fraley provided the voice for the younger Scrooge in flashback episode \"Once Upon a Dime\". In the 2017 series, Scrooge's Scottish background, the Money Bin, and the Number One Dime remains the same, but he is well known as a seasoned \"adventure-capitalist\" and CEO of McDuck Enterprises here. Born", "id": "7093794" }, { "contents": "Darkwing Duck\n\n\nafter \"DuckTales\" ended. \"Darkwing Duck\" was inspired by two specific episodes of \"DuckTales\": \"Double-O-Duck\" starring Launchpad McQuack as a secret agent, and \"The Masked Mallard\" in which Scrooge McDuck becomes a masked vigilante superhero wearing a purple uniform and cape. The name \"The Masked Mallard\" became an epithet often used in the new show to refer to Darkwing himself. Tad Stones was directed to come up with a series for The Disney Afternoon around the premise of \"Double", "id": "10290626" }, { "contents": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)\n\n\nto \"Watership Down\". In 2019, \"DuckTales\" was also nominated for a Daytime Emmy in the Outstanding Casting for an Animated Series or Special category, but lost to fellow Disney series \"Elena of Avalor\". In 2018, at the Behind the Voice Actors Awards Ceremony, the cast was awarded the People's Choice Voice Acting Award in the Best Vocal Ensemble in a New Television Series category. Individual cast members David Tennant (Scrooge McDuck), Kate Micucci (Webby Vanderquack), Keith Ferguson (Flintheart Glomgold", "id": "12818174" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nKassir has voiced Scrooge for the \"Mickey Mouse\" shorts starting with \"Duck the Halls\" in 2016. Eric Bauza voiced Scrooge for a cameo in the television series, \"Legend of the Three Caballeros\". Scottish actor Enn Reitel voices Scrooge for Disney park appearances as well as in the English dub of \"Kingdom Hearts III\". David Tennant voices Scrooge for the 2017 reboot of \"DuckTales\". According to executive producer Matt Youngberg: Many of the European comics based on the Disney Universe have created their own version", "id": "10212670" }, { "contents": "Quack Pack\n\n\nincorporate humans into the world of \"Quack Pack\". This contrasted with \"DuckTales\", a previous Disney Afternoon series, where the world is inhabited by other anthropomorphic animals. Shelton considers \"Quack Pack\" as more of an extension of the original Donald Duck shorts than of \"DuckTales\". Because of this, many characters from the \"DuckTales\" cartoons and comics, including Disney characters, such as Scrooge McDuck, Launchpad McQuack, do not make appearances in the series. The show was created to give each of", "id": "15055499" }, { "contents": "DuckTales 2\n\n\nis defeated, Glomgold sinks the ship and tries to take Scrooge and the treasures with it. Scrooge and Webby escape the ship, but the treasures go down with the vessel. Despite the loss, Scrooge admits that at least he and his family are safe and that their friendship is what truly matters. The treasures are recovered by Launchpad, cheering everybody up. If the lost treasure of McDuck was found, Scrooge reveals that he hid it from Glomgold by putting it under his hat. However, if the player has no", "id": "18083123" }, { "contents": "Donald Duck universe\n\n\nin the world, Don Rosa, after various informational exchanges with Barks, for a faithful production of Life and Times Of Scrooge McDuck, clarified that The Number One Dime is not actually an amulet, and that this vision was just a myth. The Number One Dime is just a sentimental object that happens to be the first coin Scrooge received for his work. Rosa made clear, also, that Scrooge made his fortune working hard and being honest. This point is heavily reinforced in the \"DuckTales\" TV series where Scrooge", "id": "636375" }, { "contents": "DuckTales: Remastered\n\n\nthe game were reviewed by GameRankings with scores of 71.22% to 75.07%, and by Metacritic with scores of 66 to 76 out of 100. Reviewers have praised the game for its gameplay and presentation while criticizing the overabundance of story content. \"DuckTales: Remastered\" features a 2.5D presentation, with 2D hand-drawn character sprites and 3D modeled levels. The gameplay of \"Remastered\" remains identical to the original \"DuckTales\" game, with players taking the role of Scrooge McDuck as he travels across the world in search", "id": "13928918" }, { "contents": "Flintheart Glomgold\n\n\n2012 list of the \"Forbes Fictional 15\", a compilation of the wealthiest characters in fiction. A spike in the price of gold during the late 2000s and early 2010s allowed Glomgold to become the second-wealthiest fictional character. His nemesis, Scrooge McDuck (who has appeared in most of the \"Fictional 15\" lists to date), surpassed him in the 2013 list, in which Glomgold did not appear. Glomgold, now voiced by Keith Ferguson, returns as Scrooge's nemesis in the 2017 reboot of \"DuckTales", "id": "21426358" }, { "contents": "Magica De Spell\n\n\nbrainwashed Phantom Blot, and tried to seize both cities so she could have all of Scrooge McDuck's assets. To her dismay, the slime turned out to be a transformed Negaduck, who seized control of the plan before all the villains were banished to another dimension. This last arc was later rendered to be non-canonical, and not included in the omnibus collecting the series. Magica appears in the \"DuckTales\" video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System as the boss of the Transylvania stage, where she attacks Scrooge with", "id": "21426311" }, { "contents": "Huey, Dewey, and Louie\n\n\nthe treasure and pays the kids back. Scrooge makes Huey, Dewey, and Louie his heirs. Although this is disregarded in a number of later comics, it seems to be the most solidly canon indication of Scrooge's plans. They later starred in the 1987 animated television series \"DuckTales\", in which they appeared in adventures with their great-uncle, Scrooge McDuck (Donald having enlisted in the U.S. Navy). The boys' personalities in this series were mainly based on their comic book appearances versus the theatrical shorts", "id": "14494648" }, { "contents": "DuckTales (video game)\n\n\nDuckTales is an action platformer video game developed and published by Capcom and based on the Disney animated TV series of the same name. It was first released in North America for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1989 and was later ported to the Game Boy in 1990. The story involves Scrooge McDuck traveling around the globe collecting treasure and outwitting his rival Flintheart Glomgold to become the world's richest duck. Produced by key personnel from the \"Mega Man\" series, \"DuckTales\" would go on to sell over a million copies worldwide", "id": "18083080" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\na family\". Though Scrooge is far from tyrannical in the comics, he is rarely so openly affectionate. While he still hunts for treasure in \"DuckTales\", many episodes focus on his attempts to thwart villains. However, he remains just as tightfisted with money as he has always been. But he's also affable and patient with his family and friends. Scrooge displays a strict code of honor, insisting that the only valid way to acquire wealth is to \"earn it square,\" and he goes to great", "id": "10212663" }, { "contents": "DuckTales (video game)\n\n\nreleased in 2013 for PC, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii U. The original 8-bit version of the game was also included in \"The Disney Afternoon Collection\" compilation for PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. Players control Scrooge McDuck as he travels around the world and outer space in search of five treasures to further increase his fortune. Scrooge is able to attack enemies and get around using his cane. On the ground, Scrooge can swing his cane to attack enemies and to break open or throw certain objects", "id": "18083082" }, { "contents": "Darkwing Duck\n\n\nbegan to use a number of Carl Barks characters like Magica De Spell (allied to Negaduck in the second story) and cameoing Scrooge McDuck and Gyro Gearloose. A 4-part crossover story with Disney's \"DuckTales\", titled \"Dangerous Currency\", was released with parts 1 and 3 for \"DuckTales\" #5 and #6, and parts 2 and 4 for \"Darkwing Duck\" #17 and #18. The comic also made a lot of homages to other Disney shows: Magica's powered up form in #", "id": "10290642" }, { "contents": "The New Laird of Castle McDuck\n\n\nThe New Laird of Castle Mcduck is a 1993 Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa. It is the fifth of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The story takes place in 1885. The story was first published in the Danish \"Anders And & Co.\" #1993-11; the first American publication was in \"Uncle Scrooge\" #289, in December 1994. Scrooge has travelled back to Scotland to help his family save the McDuck castle. During his dramatic fight against the", "id": "11537690" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nhe didn't want to believe that others had real problems or difficulties in their lives. This made him seem out-of-touch at best, and selfish at worst. As a result, no one could understand his problems, including his nephew and great-nephews. This isolation paved the path to acquiring untold wealth and power. But despite it all, he is very loyal, and will help those he sees as in-peril or need of help. In the \"DuckTales\" series, Scrooge has adopted", "id": "10212661" }, { "contents": "Donald Duck\n\n\n, Kermit the Frog, and Snow White. The star is located at 6840 Hollywood Blvd. In 2012, Donald appeared in the animated short starring Minnie Mouse, Electric Holiday, as a brief cameo. In 2017, a \"DuckTales\" reboot premiered on television. Though the show mainly centers on Scrooge McDuck and the nephews, Donald was given a much larger role as a main character. He is portrayed as an overprotective single parent to the triplets and former sidekick to Scrooge. The series is also significant for marking the", "id": "5784306" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\nAnimation division and Disney France. The film follows Scrooge McDuck and his nephews as they try to defeat the evil warlock Merlock from taking over the legendary magic lamp. The film was well received by critics and audiences, but failed to meet box office expectations and several planned sequels were abandoned as a result. In February 2015, Disney XD announced a reboot of the original \"DuckTales\" TV series. It premiered on August 11, 2017. It has 2 seasons so far. In May 2015, Terry McGovern (the original", "id": "379221" }, { "contents": "Donald Duck in comics\n\n\nduck in the world, Uncle Scrooge McDuck, lucky cousin Gladstone Gander, and peculiar inventor Gyro Gearloose. In the comics, Donald lives in a Duckburg house with Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck. Much of this scenario would resurface in the 1987 television series, \"DuckTales\". In that cartoon, however, Donald works and lives as a sailor on an aircraft carrier, and Huey, Dewey and Louie live for a time with Uncle Scrooge. Barks quit working at the Studio and found employment at Western Publishing with", "id": "4262482" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nhairstyle. She is hired by Scrooge as a nanny for the nephews in the third part of the pilot episode, not asking for any payment other than a shelter for herself and Webby. She has been in the line of work for a long time, and used to take care of the young Prince Greydrake, and she has proven to be a capable opera singer. In the 2017 series, her character is more down-to-earth than the other residents of McDuck Manor, often offering advice to Scrooge and the", "id": "7093809" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\n\", where Magica tries to use his good luck to steal Scrooge's Number One Dime, but he is also seen bidding at an auction in \"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. McDuck\" and he makes non-speaking cameo appearances in \"Sweet Duck of Youth\" and \"'Till Nephews Do Us Part\". In the 2017 series he is introduced in the episode \"The House of the Lucky Gander!\", living in the Macau-like city Macaw where he is a prisoner of Toad Liu Hai until Scrooge is", "id": "7093846" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nable to free him. In the first-season finale, he is shown to have returned to Duckburg. He later appears in the second-season episode \"Treasure of the Found Lamp!\", during the nephews' hunt to reclaim D'jinn's lamp. Downy and Fergus McDuck (voiced by June Foray and Don Messick in the 1987 series; Ashley Jensen and Graham McTavish in the 2017 series) are Scrooge's parents. While the mother and father of Scrooge occasionally have appeared or been referred to in the comics,", "id": "7093847" }, { "contents": "List of DuckTales characters\n\n\nMysteries and Rewriting History!”. Their physical appearances and much of their character traits are taken from \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" and related work. Bubba the Caveduck (voiced by Frank Welker in the 1987 series and \"\") is a young caveduck that Scrooge adopts. The character was originally pitched by Tad Stones as \"Bubbaduck\". In the 1987 series, he first appears in the five-part episode \"Time Is Money\", which opens season two. He and his pet Triceratops Tootsie arrive", "id": "7093851" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nhis nephews were cast as Scrooge's assistants, who accompanied Scrooge in his adventures around the world. This change of focus from Donald to Scrooge was also reflected in stories by other contemporary writers. Since then, Scrooge remains a central figure of the Duck comics' universe, thus the coining of the term \"Scrooge McDuck Universe\". After Barks's retirement, the character continued under other artists. In 1972, Barks was persuaded to write more stories for Disney. He wrote Junior Woodchuck stories where Scrooge often plays the part", "id": "10212634" }, { "contents": "Catherine Tate\n\n\nto be part of the cast of Disney's \"DuckTales\" reboot, providing the voice of the villainous sorceress Magica De Spell following the death of the character's longtime voice actor, June Foray, in July of the same year. Coincidentally, her \"Doctor Who\" co-star, David Tennant, provides the voice of the show's protagonist, Scrooge McDuck. Tate's former partner is stage manager Twig Clark. They have a daughter, who was born at London's Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in January 2003 and", "id": "6960450" }, { "contents": "DuckTales: Remastered\n\n\nCapcom first announced the game at PAX East 2013 on March 22, 2013. While full development of the game started in late 2011, Disney and Capcom were previously discussing the possibility of a remake from 2010. The game's backgrounds and layouts were created by Disney Television artists Mike Peraza and Rick Evans. The game features full voice acting for the characters, including the then surviving members of the original animated series cast, such as Alan Young reprising his role as Scrooge McDuck and June Foray as Magica De Spell. \"DuckTales", "id": "13928932" }, { "contents": "DuckTales 2\n\n\nalso after the lost treasure of McDuck. Scrooge travels to Niagara Falls, a pirate ship in the Bermuda Triangle, Mu, Egypt and Scotland. Each area has its own unique treasure that is guarded by a boss. After all five main stages are cleared, Webby is kidnapped by Glomgold and held for ransom on the pirate ship in the Bermuda Triangle. Scrooge arrives and gives Glomgold the treasures, only to discover that this \"Glomgold\" is actually a shapeshifting robot called the D-1000 programmed to destroy him. After the D-1000", "id": "18083122" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\nand aired. Scrooge McDuck was dubbed by a well-known actor, Gheorghe Dinică, until his death (only 5 episodes remained after his death). After Gheorghe Dinică's death, Valentin Uritescu dubbed Scrooge (episodes 50, 57, 60, 64, 65). Also, Angela Filipescu provided the voices of Huey, Dewey and Louie, Tamara Buciuceanu-Botez provides the voice of Ms. Beakley, Mihaela Mitrache was Webbigail along with the great master Cornel Vulpe as Duckworth. The series was broadcast on Prima TV and", "id": "379235" }, { "contents": "The New Laird of Castle McDuck\n\n\nclan's nemesis, the Whiskervilles, Scrooge again gets some help from the ghost of Sir Quackly McDuck, however, this leads to Scrooge falling into the moat and becoming unconscious. He dreams that he has died and gone to \"McDuck Heaven\", where his forefathers are playing golf on clouds. They decide to give him another chance in life. When he wakes up, Scrooge can't get up as he is weighed down by a suit of armor. He uses his first coin to unscrew its bolts. He then", "id": "11537691" }, { "contents": "Donald Duck universe\n\n\nseemingly \"cheated\" Scrooge. In reality, Scrooge's father, Fergus McDuck, gave Burt the dime specifically for paying Scrooge for his services. Scrooge McDuck never learned that fact, although Fergus did reveal it to Scrooge's sisters Matilda and Hortense. Burt and Magica De Spell, who learned about this when she traveled in time to the day Scrooge earned the Dime, are the only other ones who know. McDuck kept it as a reminder not to be fooled again in the future. When he emigrated to the US", "id": "636379" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nof the villain, closer to the role he had before he acquired his own series. Under Barks, Scrooge always was a malleable character who would take on whatever persona was convenient to the plot. The Italian writer and artist Romano Scarpa made several additions to Scrooge McDuck's universe, including characters such as Brigitta McBridge, Scrooge's self-styled fiancée, and Gideon McDuck, a newspaper editor who is Scrooge's brother. Those characters have appeared mostly in European comics. So is also the case for Scrooge's rival John", "id": "10212635" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\nin 2008 quiz game, \"Disney TH!NK Fast\". In the 2012 Nintendo 3DS game \"\", he is one of the first characters Mickey rescues, running a shop in the fortress selling upgrades and serving as a Sketch summon in which he uses his cane pogostick from the Ducktales NES games. Scrooge also makes sporadic appearances in Disney's and Square Enix's \"Kingdom Hearts\" series, helping Mickey Mouse establish a world transit system to expand his business empire to other worlds. He first appears in \"Kingdom Hearts II", "id": "10212690" }, { "contents": "DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp\n\n\n, It was paired with the 1951 Donald Duck short \"Dude Duck\" for its theatrical release. Scrooge McDuck travels to the Middle East to inspect a recently discovered treasure chest he is certain contains the treasure of the great thief Collie Baba, accompanied by Huey, Dewey and Louie, Webby Vanderquack, and Launchpad McQuack. Although initially disappointed when the chest seems to only contain old clothes, Scrooge is excited when an ancient treasure map is found in the pocket of an old robe. Guided by the thief Dijon, they set", "id": "2036769" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nThe Clan McDuck is a fictional Scottish clan of cartoon ducks from which Disney character Scrooge McDuck is descended. Within the Donald Duck universe, the clan is related to the American Duck family through the marriage of Hortense McDuck and Quackmore Duck, Donald's parents. Clan McDuck was created by American comic book author Carl Barks, who also created the character of Scrooge McDuck. Barks' 1948 story \"The Old Castle's Secret,\" in which Scrooge and his nephews search for hidden treasure in McDuck Castle, introduced the backstory of", "id": "12804392" }, { "contents": "Gyro Gearloose\n\n\nGyro Gearloose is a fictional character, an anthropomorphic chicken, created by Carl Barks for The Walt Disney Company. He is part of the Donald Duck universe, appearing in comic book stories as a friend of Donald Duck, Scrooge McDuck and anyone who is associated with them. He was also a frequent star of the animated \"DuckTales\". He first appeared in the Carl Barks comic \"Gladstone's Terrible Secret\" (\"Walt Disney's Comics and Stories\" #140). Gyro is Duckburg's most famous inventor,", "id": "21426280" }, { "contents": "Scrooge McDuck\n\n\n. \"See Historical Figures in Scrooge McDuck stories\". Based on writer Don Rosa's \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\", a popular timeline chronicling Scrooge's adventures was created consisting of the most important \"facts\" about Scrooge's life. \"See Scrooge McDuck timeline according to Don Rosa\". In 2014, composer Tuomas Holopainen of Nightwish released a conceptual album based on the book, \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". The album is titled \"Music Inspired by the Life and Times of", "id": "10212682" }, { "contents": "David Tennant\n\n\non the Radio 4 panel show \"Just a Minute\", becoming the show's most successful debut contestant. Between March and June 2017 Tennant appeared in Patrick Marber's \"Don Juan in Soho\" at the Wyndham's Theatre. Also in 2017, he became the voice of Scrooge McDuck for Disney XD's \"DuckTales\" reboot, replacing the character's longtime voice actor Alan Young, who died in May 2016. In February 2019, Tennant launched his own podcast, titled \"David Tennant Does a Podcast With...\"", "id": "8888436" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nhis children – Scrooge, Matilda, and Hortense. The rest of Fergus' biography is shown in \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". In 1877 he encouraged his son to work to have his own money. Scrooge's obvious intelligence, skill at hard work and ambition made his father believe that Scrooge would be able to restore Clan McDuck to its former glory. In the story \"Of Ducks, Dimes, and Destinies\", it is revealed that Scrooge's Number One Dime came from Fergus, who gave", "id": "12804431" }, { "contents": "The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Companion\n\n\nThe Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Companion is a 2006 trade paperback by Don Rosa published by Gemstone Publishing for The Walt Disney Company. It is a companion to \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" volume that was made in 2005. A lot of the characters in the companion were used in the original volume. Characters: Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck, Huey, Dewey and Louie, Magica De Spell, Fergus McDuck, Matilda McDuck, Hortense McDuck, Howard Rockerduck, Rachet Gearloose, Angus \"Pothole\" McDuck", "id": "1498781" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nMatilda McDuck character was dropped in Barks' 1991 Duck Family Tree sketch (where Gladstone Gander is the biological grandson of Grandma Duck and not related to Scrooge), but Don Rosa picked up the name, and used Matilda McDuck as a prominent character in \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". Matilda McDuck was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1871 to Fergus McDuck and Downy O'Drake. She is the younger sister of Scrooge McDuck. She has a younger sister named Hortense. In contrast to Scrooge and Hortense's", "id": "12804445" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\nit to the man who used it to pay Scrooge for shining his shoes. In 1885 the Clan's hereditary lands would have been seized due to Fergus' inability to pay his taxes. But Scrooge spent his savings at the time ($10,000) to pay the taxes and become the new owner of their lands. While Scrooge was away, Fergus and his family moved back to Castle McDuck, abandoned for centuries in Dismal Downs. The family continued to work to pay for the taxes and Scrooge sent them most all of", "id": "12804432" }, { "contents": "The Last of the Clan McDuck\n\n\nThe Last of the Clan McDuck is a 1992 Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa. It is the first of the original 12 chapters in the series \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". The story takes place from 1877 to 1880 when Scrooge is a child in Glasgow, Scotland. He comes in conflict with The Whiskervilles, earns his Number One Dime and heads for the United States on a cattle boat. It is the first appearance of Scrooge's mother Downy O'Drake. Scrooge's Uncle Jake McDuck appears for the", "id": "706928" }, { "contents": "The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home\n\n\nwas in \"Uncle Scrooge\" #342, in June 2005. Scrooge McDuck and his family return to Castle McDuck to find the treasure of the Knights Templar; the caretaker is revealed to be Scrooge's sister (and Donald's and Huey, Dewey, and Louie's aunt and great-aunt respectively) Matilda McDuck, who has not spoken to her brother for nearly 25 years. Matilda, upset at the situation, reveals that she already knows about the treasure; it was their father Fergus's wish not letting Scrooge", "id": "18433585" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\npiece of a treasure map that led to the lost treasure of a character named Fergus McDuck. However, this Fergus is not Scrooge's father but Scrooge's great-great-uncle. Downy McDuck (née O'Drake; 1840–1897) is Scrooge McDuck's mother. She was created by Don Rosa and first appears in \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". She is of Irish origin and was born in 1840. She was a very devoted housewife and mother. She settled in Castle McDuck at Dismal Downs, Clan", "id": "12804437" }, { "contents": "Beagle Boys\n\n\nand Grandpa Beagle, who appeared in \"The Money Well\" (\"Uncle Scrooge\" #21, 1958). It was Don Rosa who later combined the character into one in chapters 10 and 11 of \"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\". Also according to Rosa, Blackheart Beagle semi-retired in 1947, following a failed attempt at robbing Scrooge's Money Bin. In \"The\" \"Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\", Scrooge first met The Beagle Boys in his Mississippi riverboat days, circa", "id": "859584" }, { "contents": "Great Scott\n\n\nfrom the \"Batman\" TV show, said by Adam West (Batman). Scrooge McDuck uses it in \"DuckTales Remastered\". It is also used in \"The Laughing Fish\", an episode of \"\", by a one-time character voiced by George Dzundza when The Joker enters his office. The Joker, voiced by Mark Hamill, quips, \"Actually I'm Irish.\" In \"Half-Life 2\", Dr. Kleiner says it when he first sees Gordon Freeman in the game. In", "id": "4939581" }, { "contents": "The King of the Klondike\n\n\nThe King of the Klondike or The Argonaut of White Agony Creek is a 1993 Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa. It is the eighth of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The story takes place from 1896 to 1897 and deals with Scrooge McDuck who participates in the Klondike Gold Rush. It takes place before \"The Prisoner of White Agony Creek\" and \"The Hearts of the Yukon\". The story was first published in the Danish \"Anders And & Co.\" #1993", "id": "15577211" }, { "contents": "Clan McDuck\n\n\ntreasure beneath McDuck Castle. He is mentioned in \"The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home\" (2004) by Don Rosa. His ghost appears in Duck Tales 2017. He is also mentioned by Scrooge and Fergus . Malcolm \"Matey\" McDuck (1530-1564?) was a McDuck relative who settled in England and is suggested to be a previous incarnation of Scrooge McDuck. Malcolm served in the English Navy, and in 1563 he became first mate of the frigate HMS \"Falcon Rover\",", "id": "12804416" }, { "contents": "Pat Fraley\n\n\nOn-X and Evil Force in \"Rainbow Brite\", young Scrooge McDuck and Sir Guy Standforth in \"DuckTales\", Gwumpki in \"Quack Pack\", Sniff in \"Space Cats\" and as Wildcat in \"TaleSpin\". He also voiced Kyle the Cat on \"The Tom and Jerry Kids Show\" and lead character, Marshal Moo Montana in \"Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa\" as well as Tuffy Smurf in The Smurfs. In 2004, Fraley appeared on Nickelodeon's \"My Life as a Teenage Robot", "id": "12794192" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\ncalled \"Pato aventuras\" (Duck Adventures). Scrooge McDuck is called \"Rico McPato\" and the nephews were translated as Hugo, Paco, and Luis, keeping the names of the translated vintage cartoons and comic books. In Spain, while the Latin American dub was used for the first broadcast, a high-quality local dub was produced afterwards, keeping the local \"Gilito/Juanito/Jaimito/Jorgito\" names for the characters. In Brazil, the series was called \"Duck Tales: os Caçadores de Aventuras", "id": "379232" }, { "contents": "His Majesty, McDuck\n\n\nHis Majesty, McDuck is a Donald Duck story by Don Rosa, first published in \"Uncle Scrooge Adventures\" #14 in August 1989. Despite thematic similarities, this story is not to be confused with the Carl Barks story \"King Scrooge the First\". Scrooge McDuck accidentally finds a brass plaque on the site of his Money Bin. The plaque was originally made by Sir Francis Drake, who claimed the entire hill as property of the Queen of England back in 1579. Later, in the early 19th century, the", "id": "9243309" }, { "contents": "Modern animation in the United States\n\n\nwith a six-season run. In 1987, the TV animation division adapted Carl Barks' Scrooge McDuck comic books for the small screen with the syndicated hit \"DuckTales\". Its success spawned a 1990 theatrical film entitled \"\" and an increased investment in syndicated cartoons. The result of this investment was \"The Disney Afternoon\" in 1990, a two-hour syndicated television programming block of such animated shows as \"Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers\" (1989–91), \"TaleSpin\" (1990–91), \"Darkwing", "id": "13086726" }, { "contents": "Hal Smith (actor)\n\n\nwas Sludge in \"The Smurfs\", Goofy in \"Mickey's Christmas Carol\", in Disney's \"DuckTales\" he did the voices of Scrooge McDuck's rival Flintheart Glomgold and the absent-minded scientist Gyro Gearloose and in \"Frog And Toad are Friends\" and \"Frog And Toad Together\" he also did the voice of Toad. Smith also voiced the Disney cartoon character Goofy after Pinto Colvig died in 1967. Additionally, he provided the voice of Owl in the three original \"Winnie the Pooh\" featurettes (", "id": "18147639" }, { "contents": "Alan Young\n\n\nacquaintances. He also starred as Stanley Beamish in the unaired 1966 pilot episode of \"Mr. Terrific\", but apparently declined to appear in the broadcast series in 1967 that followed. In the late 1960s, he retired from acting for several years. During that time, he founded a broadcast division for the Christian Science Church. During the 1970s, Young became active in voice acting. After 1974, he voiced Scrooge McDuck in numerous Disney films and in the popular series \"DuckTales\" (1987-1990). In \"", "id": "20435963" }, { "contents": "Flintheart Glomgold\n\n\nwas unfair and cruel, and that they had to look out for themselves even if that meant acting outside the law. In the 1988 DuckTales comic book story \"The Smart Nephew\" by Bob Gregory, Cosme Quartieri and Jorge Sanchez, another nephew of Glomgold appears: the smart and brave Junior. In 1987 Keno Don Rosa created his first Scrooge McDuck story, \"The Son of the Sun\", first published in July 1987. Rosa's detailed style of drawing, references to Barks stories (by then considered classic)", "id": "21426337" }, { "contents": "DuckTales\n\n\n\" and \"TaleSpin\". The show's popular theme song was written by Mark Mueller. In addition, Launchpad McQuack later returned to appear in another Disney animated series, becoming a main character in \"Darkwing Duck\". In February 2015, Disney XD announced the revival of the show, with the intention of rebooting the series. The rebooted series premiered on August 12, 2017. When Donald Duck decides to join the US Navy, he enlists his uncle Scrooge McDuck to look after his nephews, Huey, Dewey,", "id": "379191" } ]

[ { "contents": "(I'm in a) Dancing Mood\n\n\n\"(I'm in a) Dancing Mood\" is an pop song written and recorded by Delroy Wilson. \"(I'm in a) Dancing Mood\" was recorded by Australian blues, rock and R&B band Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons. The song was released in October 1977 as the lead single from their second studio album, \"Whip It Out\" (1977). The song peaked at number 90 on the Kent Music Report in Australia. It was recorded a few months prior by Australian reggae, R&B", "id": "6682326" }, { "contents": "I'm In the Mood for Dancing\n\n\n- a rarity for English-language songs at the time, and began a run of success for the group there. Released as 「ダンシング・シスター」 (literal romanisation: \"Dancing Sister(s)\"), it remained at no. 1 for two weeks and sold 670,000 copies. Eventually, the group recorded a version of the song in Japanese. The group have re-recorded \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" a number of times, with two further single releases of the song in the UK. Firstly in", "id": "12718364" }, { "contents": "I'm In the Mood for Dancing\n\n\n\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" is a single by the Irish pop group, The Nolan Sisters. Originally released in November 1979, the song became a top three hit in the UK in February 1980. A blend of pop and disco, it has since become synonymous with the group and remains their biggest hit. It was also a hit in many countries around the world such as New Zealand and Japan, where it was a number one hit. The song was originally recorded as part of the Nolan Sisters", "id": "12718361" }, { "contents": "I'm in the Mood for Love\n\n\n\"I'm in the Mood for Love\" is a popular song published in 1935. The music was written by Jimmy McHugh, with the lyrics by Dorothy Fields. The song was introduced by Frances Langford in the movie \"Every Night at Eight\" released that year. It became Langford's signature song. Bob Hope, who frequently worked with Langford entertaining troops in World War II, later wrote that her performance of the song was often a show-stopper. Other popular recordings in 1935 were by Little Jack Little,", "id": "16246742" }, { "contents": "I'm In the Mood for Dancing\n\n\n, replacing eldest sister Anne. The song became the second single from the album, following the group's first UK top 40 hit, \"Spirit, Body and Soul\" some weeks earlier. After a slow start in the charts, the single became their first top 10 hit in January 1980, eventually peaking at number 3 during a 15-week chart run. The single was certified Gold by the BPI. \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" charted well elsewhere, particularly so in Japan, where it reached number 1", "id": "12718363" }, { "contents": "Ishmel Demontagnac\n\n\nthe following day. Holloway explained: \"\"I'm disappointed – we'll have a party once we've got 52 points. If they think that's appropriate, then they're messing with the wrong man. I like a dance with anybody but it's got to be the right time and when you're in a good mood. I'm not in a good mood when I lose and neither should they be.\"\" All three were dropped from the squad for the next game, away to Sheffield Wednesday.", "id": "13118218" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\na duo, and then recruited Julia Duckworth and Anne's daughter Amy Wilson in 2000. The group disbanded in 2005, with Maureen Nolan having been a permanent member for over 30 years. Having pursued varying solo careers in acting, music and television presenting, Maureen, Linda, Bernie, and Coleen Nolan reformed in 2009 for the 30th anniversary of \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\", with a 25-date concert tour of the UK and Ireland and the release of the \"I'm in the Mood Again\" album", "id": "2133430" }, { "contents": "I'm in the Mood\n\n\n\"I'm in the Mood\" is a 1993 song by the musician CeCe Peniston, released as the first commercial single taken from \"Thought 'Ya Knew\", the singer's second studio album. The composition scored singer her fourth number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart, and also entered the Top 10 of the US R&B chart, peaking at number 7. On the Hot 100 the song peaked at number 32 and made number 16 on the UK Top 75. In a 2011", "id": "13064678" }, { "contents": "Love Today\n\n\nSingles Chart, and was used for Austereo radio station network advertising. The song was nominated for a Grammy for Best Dance Recording at the 50th Grammy Awards but lost to Justin Timberlake's \"LoveStoned/I Think She Knows\". Love Today was written by Mika and produced by Greg Wells. He described the story behind the song in an interview with the Sun Newspaper, on 2 February 2007: \"I was really happy when I wrote this and when I'm in that kind of mood I always hope everyone else feels", "id": "17740013" }, { "contents": "CeCe Peniston\n\n\nwas earlier issued in Japan as an EP under the title \"\" featuring overall eight remixed versions. At the end of the year Peniston was named the No. 1 \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Music/Club Play Artist, summarizing all her songs released in 1994 (\"I'm Not Over You\" #9, \"Hit by Love\" #24, and I'm in the Mood\" #44). While A&M was listed as the sixth best dance label in the \"Billboard\" Year-End chart,", "id": "4311415" }, { "contents": "Moody's Mood for Love\n\n\n, Jimmy McHugh, who wrote the music for \"I'm in the Mood for Love\", sued for copyright infringement and won a partial victory in court. He and Moody eventually agreed to share the proceeds on sales of any versions of the tune. King Pleasure's version included vocals by Blossom Dearie as well as instrumental contributions from Teacho Wiltshire as \"Teacho and Band\". The lyrics are often incorrectly attributed to King Pleasure because he was the first to record it. However, some sources report that when Pleasure was", "id": "2990288" }, { "contents": "Linda Nolan\n\n\nalso attended the Cardinal Wiseman School in Greenford, West London. From 1974 to 1983, Nolan was a member of the girl group The Nolans, who achieved eight top forty hits on the UK Singles Chart, with \"Spirit, Body and Soul\" (1979), \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" (1979), \"Don't Make Waves\" (1980), \"Gotta Pull Myself Together\" (1980), \"Who's Gonna Rock You\" (1980), \"Attention", "id": "15817186" }, { "contents": "Leave Me Alone (I'm Lonely)\n\n\na bother. Especially when she’s dropping f-bombs left and right. \"Entertainment Weekly\"s Chris Willman wrote that \"it's a pissy yet affectionate rocker that throws down competing desires for attentiveness and space in a relationship.\" Barry Walters from Rolling Stone wrote that the song \"suggests a mood-swinging Strokes mash-up.\" The music video consists of performances from Pink's I'm Not Dead Tour. The video mostly includes shots of performances of \"Leave Me Alone (I'm Lonely)\", but", "id": "13181245" }, { "contents": "CeCe Peniston\n\n\nthe Mood\" (originally produced by Soulshock and Karlin) was picked to be the final leader—though as support for \"Searchin'\", which would be separately delivered on vinyl only to DJs. \"I'm in the Mood\" did well by itself, and with a video accompanied by a hip-hop remix from M-Doc & Jere M.C. (better known as In Da Soul) the title was on singles reproduced by David Morales for the dance floor. The song spawned Peniston's fourth No. 1", "id": "4311408" }, { "contents": "Get Your Wings\n\n\n, who recalled in 1997: \"The summer before, we'd rented a farmhouse in East Thetford, Vermont, while we were rehearsing in New Hampshire, and that's where I wrote the melody of 'Pandora's Box.' Steven wrote the lines about women's liberation, a big new issue in those times.\" According to Douglas, the clarinet at the start of the track is a union engineer playing \"I'm in the Mood for Love\". In 2014 Perry reflected, \"We all put in", "id": "11581727" }, { "contents": "Steve \"Silk\" Hurley\n\n\n100 Singles, No. 5 Billboard Dance/Club Play), Ce Ce Peniston's \"We Got a Love Thang\" (No. 20 Billboard \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles, No. 1 Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play, No. 38 in US R&B), \"Keep On Walkin' (=15 \"Billboard\" Hot 100, No.1 on US Dance, No.3 on US R&B), \"I'm In The Mood\" (No. 32 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100, No.1 in", "id": "14888586" }, { "contents": "Bernie Nolan\n\n\nyear on Cliff Richard's show, \"It's Cliff Richard\". In 1975, they supported Frank Sinatra on his European tour. In 1979, they released their biggest hit \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\", which reached number three in the UK and was the first of seven top twenty hits. The others, with Bernie Nolan usually singing lead vocals, were \"Don't Make Waves\", (1980) \"Gotta Pull Myself Together\" (1980), \"Who's Gonna Rock", "id": "19011665" }, { "contents": "In the Mood (Ricki-Lee Coulter song)\n\n\nNew South Wales and invited Crichton and Lee over to write songs with her. Together they \"setup a makeshift studio in the house\" and wrote four songs, including \"In the Mood\". Coulter spoke about the writing sessions on her website, saying: \"We drank, we danced, we wrote, we had fun and we were surrounded by friends and good vibes.\" On 19 September 2014, \"In the Mood\" was made available to download alongside the iTunes pre-order of Coulter's fourth studio", "id": "21230866" }, { "contents": "Making Waves (The Nolans album)\n\n\n\"). It became the ninth biggest-selling album of 1981 there. In Australia, the album was released with an earlier single \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" included, which also featured on the Japanese version, replacing \"Sexy Music\", which instead was the title track to their next album (a compilation). In Australia the album was a success, being awarded double platinum. The songs were produced separately by two producers, Ben Findon, who was responsible for the pop-orientated tracks", "id": "19470928" }, { "contents": "Diamond Lights\n\n\ncoming about following an appearance two of them made for their personal sponsors, Budget Rent a Car, at an annual company awards ceremony. Hoddle and Waddle attempted an impromptu karaoke performance which was praised by a friend with connections in the music industry who was able to introduce the duo to Bob Puzey. Puzey, whose writing credits included \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" by The Nolan Sisters and \"Wanted\" by The Dooleys, auditioned the pair and agreed to write and co-produce a single for them.", "id": "10690863" }, { "contents": "I Think I'm in Love with You\n\n\nfactory workers, who pursue the girls in their truck. As Simpson seems to be in a festive mood, she seems unworried by their stalking, and continues to sing the song while wearing sunglasses and sitting in a dangerous position in her friend's car as they drive quickly on the highway. After once again cheating death and a quick stop at the end of the Vincent Thomas Bridge, Simpson and the others reach their destination: the Pacific Park. The factory workers following the girls reach the park too, and dance with", "id": "11064978" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\nThe Nolans are an Irish girl group who formed in 1974 as The Nolan Sisters, before changing their name in 1980. They are best known for their hit single \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\". Released in December 1979, the song reached number three in the UK in February 1980 and topped the Japanese charts in November 1980. Selling over 25 million records, they are one of the world’s biggest selling girl groups. They were particularly successful in Japan, becoming the first European act to win the Tokyo", "id": "2133427" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\nMusic Festival with \"Sexy Music\" in 1981, and won a Japanese Grammy (Tokubetsu Kikaku Shō) in 1992. Five of the sisters, Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda, and Bernie, became regular guest performers on numerous television shows in the UK in the 1970s and supported Frank Sinatra on his 1975 European tour. Denise left for a solo career in 1978 and youngest sister Coleen, who previously had made occasional appearances (including appearing in the video for \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"),", "id": "2133428" }, { "contents": "Time Bandits (band)\n\n\nTime Bandits are a Dutch band from the 1980s, best known for their hits \"I'm Specialized in You\", \"Endless Road\" and \"I'm Only Shooting Love\". The band was formed in 1981 by Dutch born Alides Hidding, who wrote all songs and sang lead vocals. The band's four albums made the charts all over the world. Time Bandits established a presence on the American music scene with two entries on the dance charts with the number 6 dance hit \"Live It Up\" in 1982", "id": "20448302" }, { "contents": "CeCe Peniston discography\n\n\n, make an impact on the dance field, yielding two chart-toppers in the US. \"I'm in the Mood\", with its incorporated jazz elements, served as the album's pilot single. The latter singles, such as \"Keep Givin' Me Your Love\" released in the US a year after its European release, and \"I'm Not Over You\", those achieved top-5 statuses at least. While \"Hit by Love\", another house anthem, became the singer's fifth club number 1", "id": "18603896" }, { "contents": "CeCe Peniston\n\n\nin the overall \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart as the ninth most successful track of 1994 (leaving \"I'm in the Mood\" far behind, at #44). However, although the song had sealed the Top 10 of the US R&B chart, it did not succeed in the Hot 100 that much, failing to crack Top 40 (No. 41). Considering that expectations of A&M Records company must have been bigger than a club play sale of Peniston's singles, \"I'm", "id": "4311412" }, { "contents": "John, I'm Only Dancing\n\n\nbeing judged too risqué by RCA and did not officially appear stateside until it was finally issued on the compilation \"Changesonebowie\" in 1976. While the hook (\"John, I'm only dancing / She turns me on / But I'm only dancing\") has long been considered a gay tease, author Nicholas Pegg asserts that the song's narrator \"could just as easily be a straight man reassuring the girl's lover\". Alternatively, it has been suggested that Bowie wrote the song in response to a derogatory comment", "id": "13537756" }, { "contents": "Holiday (Madonna song)\n\n\nHoliday\" as \"a simple song with a fresh appeal and a good mood.\" According to author Lucy O'Brien, who wrote in the biography \"\", the track was an example of Madonna's early musical endeavors being about the \"power of dance\". She believed that the song cemented her style of music with its \"bubbling Latin undertow, crunchy bass and strings and Fred Zarr's elegant closing piano riff\". O'Brien declared \"Holiday\" as Madonna's \"most\" persuasive dance song with its \"tension", "id": "3141580" }, { "contents": "Libby Titus\n\n\nsmart in her voice that turns me on. And although there are too many Carly Simon compositions on side two (now I know—it's the singer \"and\" the song), I suspect I'll be playing side one again some time, no doubt when I'm in the mood for a sharp cutie-pie who might conceivably mistake me for a star.\" In the late 1970s, Titus collaborated with Burt Bacharach. They wrote at least five songs together, two of them (\"Riverboat\" and", "id": "5000621" }, { "contents": "Ram Gopal (dancer)\n\n\n. Another successful dance partnership was with the young and talented Tara Chaudhri whom Ram was very fond of. Dance critic, Cyril Beaumont editor of \"Dance Journal\", wrote about his dancing, \"what impresses one most about Ram Gopal's dancing is the manner in which he is able to assimilate the characteristics of the four schools of technique so completely different in style, costume and mood.\" He also danced in the Mumbai school run by the Austrian expressionist dancer Hilde Holger, with whom he remained friends and collaborated with", "id": "8938303" }, { "contents": "Now I Can Dance (book)\n\n\nNow I Can Dance is an autobiography by Australian singer-songwriter Tina Arena. Arena says, \"I don't know what I would do if I couldn't write and sing. It makes me who I am, regardless of where I happen to be or what language I'm speaking. It has done since I wrote my first song and sang it to myself in the shower. It's as natural for me as breathing.\" The tile of her memoir, Now I Can Dance is taken from the third single", "id": "11816750" }, { "contents": "Hungarian dance\n\n\nconstructs his steps according to his mood and ingenuity.\" The most important stylistic feature of the dance within the Carpathians is the unusually large amount of personal improvisation. Observers have never failed to notice the individual nature of the Hungarian dance during the previous two centuries. This dancing is individual to such an extent that it is often difficult for scholars to establish the communal laws regulating individual creativity and improvising. Folk dance research has shown that this individuality is not merely poetic licence, but genuine features. Daniel Berzsenyi wrote, \"Its", "id": "17342871" }, { "contents": "Speak (Lindsay Lohan album)\n\n\n'm singing it, I want it to be something that I can relate to,\" Lohan said. \"I'm just trying to feel it out and see where it goes. I'm playing guitar and I also love to dance, so [the music will be] somewhere along the lines of hip-hop and rock.\" She had begun working with Diane Warren and Randy Jackson, who were going to help write and produce her album. Diane Warren wrote the song, \"I Decide\", for Lohan", "id": "6162045" }, { "contents": "Dance in the Rain (album)\n\n\nof the album's songs, \"In the Mood\", \"Dance in the Rain\" and \"Mirage\", were also made available to download alongside the iTunes pre-order. Fans who pre-ordered \"Dance in the Rain\" on iTunes would instantly receive these songs for free. Prior to the album's release, Coulter performed \"Happy Ever After\" on \"The X Factor Australia\" (23 September 2014), \"In the Mood\" at Nickelodeon Australia's Slimefest concert in Sydney (26 September", "id": "21498589" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\n. 1986 also saw the release of the LP \"Tenderly\", which was an album of standards. They appeared in the second episode of the 1987 comedy series \"Filthy Rich & Catflap\", playing themselves in a blackmail plot and performing \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\". A 1989 re-recording of the same song reached No. 99, and another version reached No. 51 in 1995. The Nolans remained popular in Japan, signing a six-album deal there in 1987. They recorded several", "id": "2133449" }, { "contents": "Peter Meaden\n\n\nThe Who, Meaden reinvented the band to attract a mod following, changing their name to The High Numbers. He wrote The High Numbers' first and only single, \"I'm the Face\"; the B-side of which was \"Zoot Suit\". The songs are set to the tunes of \"Got Love If You Want It\" by Slim Harpo and \"Misery\" by the Dynamics, respectively. Meaden wrote new lyrics, incorporating mod-related themes such as fashion and dancing. The single didn't", "id": "16342013" }, { "contents": "Lem Springsteen\n\n\nLem Springsteen is an American songwriter and dance and house music producer. He is best known as part of house production duo Mood II Swing. In 1997 he co-wrote and co-produced Ultra Naté's hit song \"Free\",\" a dance-hop influenced disco track released on the Strictly Rhythm label. The song peaked at number 1 on both the US Hot Dance Club Songs and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales charts[ as well as placing on a number of charts in other countries. The", "id": "8028813" }, { "contents": "Larry Smith (musician)\n\n\na HandMade Films production. Harrison wrote and recorded a song about Smith called \"His Name Is Legs (Ladies and Gentlemen)\", released on his album \"Extra Texture (Read All About It)\" (1975). The recording features the vocal antics of \"Legs\" himself, who also tap-danced in Elton John's song \"I Think I'm Going To Kill Myself\" from the album \"Honky Château\" (1972), and is credited for the tap-dance interlude in Todd Rundgren's", "id": "5249292" }, { "contents": "Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons\n\n\nFaehse, Power, Wilde and Young. Wilson also produced the band's second album, \"Whip It Out\", which was released in November 1977. The associated single, \"(I'm in a) Dancing Mood\", peaked at No. 90. Songwriting was at this point divided more-or-less equally amongst Burt (still contributing to the band as a songwriter), Camilleri, and Young, all working individually. To capture the energy and spontaneity of a live performance, the next Jo Jo", "id": "3837941" }, { "contents": "Psychology of dance\n\n\nmood was induced. With higher arousal levels, a positive mood resulted in greater creativity than a negative mood. Dance employs emotion, creativity, cultural influence and symbolism to convey meaning. Dance resembles verbal language because it has a vocabulary (dance movements) and grammar (system for combining movements). Dance increases connectedness among students and between students and teachers in the classroom. In schools students can enhance bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, reorganize neural pathways to improve learning, and express knowledge through dance. Dance helps students to develop a", "id": "8127146" }, { "contents": "Padded Room (album)\n\n\nin the same vein as 'Mood Muzik,' just a little more structure and the mood will probably be a little lighter. I'm definitely pleased with the direction that it's going.\" He added that the album \"sounds like Joe Budden. I can't really say it sounds like the times, because the times right now I'm not too fond of. I'm not too big on how that sound is going. But Joe Budden fans will get what they're accustomed to, and there's music", "id": "16498889" }, { "contents": "Nolan Sisters (album)\n\n\nNolan Sisters is the self-titled 1979 album by the Irish sibling pop group The Nolan Sisters. It was their first album to be released on Epic Records, and contained a mixture of original material (composed for the group by Ben Findon, Mike Myers, and Robert Puzey) and covers of popular songs. The singles \"Spirit Body and Soul\" and \"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\" were released from the album, the latter becoming the group's best-known song, peaking at No.3 in the", "id": "10961215" }, { "contents": "Delroy Wilson\n\n\nsong, \"Prince Pharaoh\", notably the only record featuring the voice of Dodd himself. He is regarded as Jamaica's first child star. His voice matured as he left his teens, around the time of ska's transition to rocksteady and this period in the late 1960s produced many hits including one of the first rocksteady records, \"Dancing Mood\", \"Jerk in Time\" (with the Wailers), \"Feel Good All Over\", \"I'm Not a King\", \"True Believer in Love", "id": "13437304" }, { "contents": "Studio One (record label)\n\n\nShot\", \"I'm Still In Love With You\", \"Dancing Mood\", and \"Creation Rebel\". Jackie Mittoo, Joe Isaacs, and Brian Atkinson left Studio One in 1968, recorded drums and bass for Desmond Dekker's and Toots' biggest hits at other Kingston studios, then moved to Canada. Hux Brown stayed in Jamaica to record on the soundtrack \"The Harder They Come, The Harder They Fall\", and toured in Nigeria with Toots and the Maytals and Fela Kuti. The Soul Brothers", "id": "20546060" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\nfirst two charting Epic singles, eventually reached Nº15 in the UK. Although still not an official member of the group, the youngest member of the family, Coleen, appeared on the cover of the album and in the video for \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\". In early 1980, the group changed its name from The Nolan Sisters to The Nolans. Coleen released one solo single on Target in 1978, a song about Prince Andrew's status as a teen idol. The group's 1980 album \" Making", "id": "2133442" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\nIreland number 5, Australia number 94). \"Sexy Music\", also featured on \"Making Waves\", won the grand prize at the 1981 Tokyo Music Festival, and was subsequently released as a single in Japan. This became the group's third number 1 on the Japanese Import chart – following \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" and \"Gotta Pull Myself Together\". During 1981, Coleen and Linda contributed vocals to the Young and Moody Band, which scored a UK number 63 hit with \"", "id": "2133445" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\npiece version of The Nolans. A re-recorded version of \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\", released on the Living Beat label, reached No. 51 in the UK in 1995. From 2000, the line-up consisted of Maureen and Anne, together with Anne's daughter Amy and unrelated singer Julia Duckworth, and concentrated on live appearances, often at venues such as Butlins holiday camps and bingo halls. The group disbanded in 2005, with Maureen Nolan having been a member for 31 consecutive years.", "id": "2133452" }, { "contents": "History of theatre\n\n\nis handled by a single person, who uses varied tones of voice and speaking manners to simulate different characters. Chikamatsu wrote thousands of plays during his career, most of which are still used today. They wore masks instead of elaborate makeup. Masks define their gender, personality, and moods the actor is in. Kabuki began shortly after Bunraku, legend has it by an actress named Okuni, who lived around the end of the 16th century. Most of Kabuki's material came from Nõ and Bunraku, and its erratic dance", "id": "13731693" }, { "contents": "The Phantom of the Opera (miniseries)\n\n\ncomic verve to the roles of the pompous popinjay of an opera director and his deluded diva of a wife.\" \"The Deseret News\" critic Joseph Walker said, \"Kopit's script maintains his vision throughout, expertly mixing moods ranging from the ridiculous (\"I'm not used to killing people,\" says the Phantom after a rare violent episode. \"It throws me off.\") to the sublime. And the production values throughout are first rate...\" Walker also added that Charles Dance is a \"superb", "id": "11529950" }, { "contents": "I'm In the Mood for Dancing\n\n\n' first mainstream pop album, simply titled \"Nolan Sisters\" in 1979. It was written by Ben Findon, Mike Myers and Bob Puzey, and featured lead vocals by group member Bernie Nolan. The group recorded a promotional video for the song, which featured youngest sister Coleen, even though she was not an official member of the group at the time and was not featured on the recording. Soon after the release of this song, the group changed their name to The Nolans and Coleen became a full-time member", "id": "12718362" }, { "contents": "Linda Nolan\n\n\n\"Don't Do That\" (UK No. 63) which also featured Lemmy from Motörhead and Cozy Powell. She left the Nolans in 1983 and quickly gained the label \"Naughty Nolan\" due to her posing in risqué publicity photos. The Nolans reunited as a five-piece (Bernie, Anne, Coleen, Maureen and Linda) for one-off performances of \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" first for BBC One's \"All Time Greatest Party Songs\", hosted by Tess Daly, which aired", "id": "15817188" }, { "contents": "Bernie Nolan\n\n\nBernadette Therese Nolan (17 October 1960 – 4 July 2013) was an English-Irish actress, singer and television personality, formerly lead vocalist of the girl group the Nolans. She was the second youngest of sisters Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda and Coleen. From the age of two, she was brought up in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. The Nolans began in 1974 and went on to have seven UK Top 20 hits, including \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" (1979), \"Got", "id": "19011662" }, { "contents": "Coleen Nolan\n\n\nthey released their debut single,\"But I Do\", with Coleen singing lead vocals. Owing to her age Coleen would not become a full-time member of the group until 1980, when she was fifteen, although she does appear in the music video to their 1979 hit \"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\", which reached number three in the UK singles chart. They also had UK top twenty hits with \"Don't Make Waves\" (1980), \"Gotta Pull Myself Together\" (1980),", "id": "2068283" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\nflavoured single \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\", which became their best-known tune and biggest hit. It reached number 3 in the UK, number 2 in their native Ireland and number 1 in Japan, a rare event for a Western act; the single eventually sold more than 600,000 copies in Japan. The song, like the majority of The Nolans' hit singles, was written by Ben Findon, Mike Myers and Robert Puzey. The self-titled album \"Nolan Sisters\", which featured the", "id": "2133441" }, { "contents": "The Nolans\n\n\nAnne, Bernie, Coleen, Linda and Maureen) for one-off performances of \"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\" first for BBC One's \"All Time Greatest Party Songs\", hosted by Tess Daly, which aired on 17 December 2005 and again on 9 August 2007 on \"Loose Women\", but dismissed any immediate prospect of a full-scale reunion, a stance Anne echoed in 2008. The Nolans announced in June 2009 that they were reforming for a UK and Ireland tour. Four members –", "id": "2133456" }, { "contents": "McGriff Avenue\n\n\nthe down home mood of the classic soul jazz years. It ain't quite as greasy as the old days, but it still tastes good\". In JazzTimes, Owen Cordle wrote \"The organist, an economical player, comes from the slow-burn school. Forget theatrics and fireworks-he’s the type who paces his performances for a steady payoff of good grooves and soulful messages. Everyone delivers heartfelt solos throughout the album and, as always, the dance floor remains open during the set\". All compositions by", "id": "11109228" }, { "contents": "Lem Springsteen\n\n\nwith Little Louie Vega of Masters At Work. In addition to productions with Masters At Work and Nuyorican Soul, Mood II Swing was hired by major and independent labels globally to remix dance versions of songs signed to labels from 1993 – 2003. Their notable remixes include BT's \"Remember\", King Britt's \"The Reason\", and Ultra Naté's \"Found A Cure\", which they also wrote and produced originally. Mood II Swing produced many remixes in the 1990s and early 2000s, remixing about 300 tracks and", "id": "8028816" }, { "contents": "In the Mood (Ricki-Lee Coulter song)\n\n\nalbum \"Dance in the Rain\". Fans who pre-ordered the album on iTunes would instantly receive the song for free. Cameron Adams of the \"Herald Sun\" described \"In the Mood\" as \"anthemic and athletic\". For the issue dated 29 September 2014, \"In the Mood\" debuted at number 97 on the ARIA Singles Chart. A lyric video of \"In the Mood\" was directed by David Boyce and King Yong, and uploaded to Coulter's Vevo account on 19 September 2014. She", "id": "21230867" }, { "contents": "The Best of Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons\n\n\nThe Best of Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons (subtitled I'm in a Dancing Mood) is a greatest hits album by Australian Blues, rock and R&B group, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons. It was released in July 2007 to coincide with announcement of the group's ARIA Hall of Fame induction. In 1975, Joe Camilleri joined Wayne Burt, Jeff Burstin, John Power and Gary Young to record a version of \"Run Rudolph Run\" as a Christmas single produced by Ross Wilson. After recording the albums \"", "id": "7232340" }, { "contents": "Set the Mood\n\n\nSet the Mood is the debut studio album of British singer-songwriter David Jordan. Before the release of the album, Jordan had written between 60 and 100 songs. These songs were then whittled down to 11 for the final track listing of \"Set the Mood\". The album was produced by Trevor Horn, who has also worked with Seal and the English dance-pop band Frankie Goes To Hollywood. \"Place in My Heart\" was released as \"Set the Mood\"'s lead single on 22 October. The", "id": "14500531" }, { "contents": "Monotrona\n\n\ndo / Look at this world: it’s so damn small / My foot's a mountain and I'd like to squash it all / But I can't squash a thing because I'm not a man not a human being / Brutality’s for men, not for Superbeings.\" Roctober Magazine wrote in its one-man band issue: \"...as long as we can dance to the magical sounds of Monotrona, who really needs the answers?\" For those who do, there seem to be plenty of them", "id": "3458936" }, { "contents": "Rock Bottom (album)\n\n\nwrote of \"Rock Bottom\" in a retrospective review, \"I'm at a loss to describe this album of 'drones and songs' conceived and recorded after Wyatt's crippling accident except to say that the keyboards that dominate instrumentally are of a piece with his lovely tortured-to-vulnerable quaver and that the mood is that of a paraplegic with the spirit to conceive and record an album of drones and songs.\" Reviewing the album for \"Pitchfork\", Douglas Wolk said: \"Pitchfork\" listed it as the", "id": "3293383" }, { "contents": "Dirty Cash (Money Talks)\n\n\n—no easy task in that market. Vocalist Melody Washington, a music teacher from Georgia living in England and teaching for the U.S. Air Force, met Stevie while she was playing in a local club near his home. A fortunate meeting for them and for us, who get to ride the rhythm of this exceptional entry.\" \"Network 40\" wrote: \"Almost a mood piece, \"Dirty Cash\" has a soulful vocal approach backed by a Euro-dance production somewhat reminiscent of the Pet Shop Boys.\"", "id": "10494408" }, { "contents": "Right Now (Nick Jonas and Robin Schulz song)\n\n\nI swear, the next time I have you in my arms I'm never letting you go.\" And that's what inspired the song.\" Kat Bein of \"Billboard\" said the song is a flirty dance-pop tune perfect for summer nights that reveal hidden excitement. A dancehall-inspired rhythm sets the scene for a folk-like melodic hook. Jonas gives a lovesick lean to his performance as he yearns for his lover to return from some far-off journey. It's a sultry club mood that", "id": "2018151" }, { "contents": "Catch Me I'm Falling (album)\n\n\nCatch Me I'm Falling is the 1988 official debut album (second album overall after the \"Laced\" EP) by the American dance-pop group Pretty Poison, who consisted of Jade Starling and Whey Cooler. It contains the title track \"Catch Me (I'm Falling)\", which was a top ten hit in the U.S. and also hit number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart the previous year. The second single off the album was a remix of their 1984 dance hit \"Nighttime", "id": "7318063" }, { "contents": "Dorothy Fields\n\n\nDorothy Fields (July 15, 1904 – March 28, 1974) was an American librettist and lyricist. She wrote over 400 songs for Broadway musicals and films. Her best-known pieces include \"The Way You Look Tonight\" (1936), \"A Fine Romance\" (1936), \"On the Sunny Side of the Street\" (1930), \"Don't Blame Me\" (1948), \"Pick Yourself Up\" (1936), \"I'm in the Mood for Love\" (1935", "id": "6242760" }, { "contents": "Dancing On My Own\n\n\n've taken waaay too many mood stabilisers.\" Luke Lewis of \"NME\" referred to the song as \"a comet-trail of sadness and exhilaration that's easily the equal of Robyn's breakthrough hit, 'With Every Heartbeat'.\" \"The Guardian\"s Michael Hann stated that song's \"pulsing synths and electronic percussion manage to sound both jackbooted and ineffably melancholy.\" Jer Fairall wrote for PopMatters that \"[t]he aggressive stun-gun rhythm of 'Dancing on My Own' can't hide a classic drama-", "id": "12439172" }, { "contents": "A Few Questions\n\n\nsuch as \"I'm in the Mood for You\" and \"I Don't Want to Know.\" But with 13 cuts on the CD, mediocre tracks such as \"Sweet Sun Angel\" and \"Heaven Leave the Light On\" drag the album down.\" USA Today\" gave the album two stars out of five and wrote \"With his track record of hits, why can't this guy find better material?\" Jack Leaver of \"The Grand Rapids Press\" gave the album two and a half stars", "id": "4169963" }, { "contents": "Ingersoll Lockwood\n\n\nIn Varying Mood, or, Jetsam, Flotsam and Ligan\" in 1912. It opens with juxtaposed photographs of Lockwood at age 35 and at age 70. In the preface, he wrote: The end has almost come. I'm only waiting for the signal to push off and begin my voyage to the Isles of the Blest in the far Western Seas. I was troubled in my mind at first, for my little bark, staunch though it may be, sat too deep in the water. It was overladen with", "id": "4352836" }, { "contents": "I'm Backing Britain\n\n\nThe Economist\" wrote on 6 January that on hearing of the campaign, \"the fashionable response in many sophisticated circles was a giggle\", but it had transformed into \"something louder than a grunt of admiration\". The newspaper concluded that the campaign \"may very well have accomplished, in the past week, the extraordinary feat of edging a national mood just an odd half-degree in the right direction\". Likewise, the \"Financial Times\" regarded it as \"a beacon of light in an otherwise dismal economic", "id": "6178864" }, { "contents": "Vocalese\n\n\nclassic \"Moody's Mood for Love\", based on a James Moody saxophone solo to \"I'm in the Mood for Love\". However, Elling makes a point to recognize Bee Palmer, who sang lyrics to a Bix Biederbecke and Frankie Trumbauer solo on \"Singin' the Blues\" as early as 1929. The best-known practitioners and popularisers are probably Lambert, Hendricks and Ross, consisting of Jon Hendricks, Dave Lambert and Annie Ross. Other performers known for vocalese include Bob Dorough, Giacomo Gates, Kurt", "id": "9660834" }, { "contents": "Oh Boy! (album)\n\n\nBoy (The Mood I'm In)\", but with another song, \"Bag of Money\" in its place. On some copies, this album was issued simply as \"Brotherhood of Man\". This album featured the singles \"My Sweet Rosalie\" and \"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\" which were hits in Europe and reached No.30 and No.8 in the UK respectively. Album tracks \"I Give You My Love\" and \"New York City\" were released as singles in various European countries", "id": "15919963" }, { "contents": "Jimmy McHugh\n\n\nCuban Love Song\", \"Dinner at Eight\" and \"Hooray for Love\", as well as \"I Feel a Song Comin' On\" and \"I'm in the Mood for Love\" from 1935's \"Every Night at Eight\". In the artistically fruitful years after they first collaborated in 1930, McHugh and Fields wrote over 30 songs for the film world. Fields and McHugh finally parted company in 1935. McHugh's longest songwriting partner was Harold Adamson. Adamson provided lyrics to McHugh's compositions. Such", "id": "13031020" }, { "contents": "The Red Telephone (song)\n\n\n12-string guitar, and has an ominous feel. \"Sometimes my life is so eerie,\" Lee sings, but then inverts the dark mood with \"and if you think I'm happy / Paint me white.\" Allmusic's Matthew Greenwald called \"The Red Telephone\" \"exquisite\" and wrote, \"it's one of the more engaging and interesting songs on Love's Forever Changes album.\" Ken Barnes called it \"bleakly philosophical\" and \"apocalyptic\". Jim Bickhart of \"Rolling Stone\" gave it a", "id": "6535630" }, { "contents": "That's the Kind of Mood I'm In\n\n\n\"That's the Kind of Mood I'm In\" is a song written by Tim Nichols, Rick Giles and Gilles Godard. The song was initially recorded by Canadian artist Amanda Lee and issued in April 2000, peaking at #65 on the RPM Canadian country charts in July. A near-simultaneous cover was recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless and was released in June 2000 as the first single from her album \"Strong Heart\". This version proved to be the bigger hit. The song charted for 20", "id": "11934760" }, { "contents": "The Voice Within\n\n\n, commenting that her performance was almost as good as the original singer. \"The Voice Within\" was also covered by Meliz Serman on the 2006 TV series \"How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?\". In 2009, British girl group The Nolans performed \"The Voice Within\" live during there I'm in the Mood Again Tour, which was held to support their 2009 comeback album \"I'm in the Mood Again\". Hong Kong singer G.E.M. recorded a cover version of the song, which is included", "id": "16522365" }, { "contents": "Champagne Supernova\n\n\n'. That's probably as psychedelic as I'll ever get. It means different things when I'm in different moods. When I'm in a bad mood being caught beneath a landslide is like being suffocated. The song is a bit of an epic. It's about when you're young and you see people in groups and you think about what they did for you and they did nothing. As a kid, you always believed the Sex Pistols were going to conquer the world and kill everybody in the process.", "id": "2724657" }, { "contents": "I'm in the Mood Again\n\n\nI'm in the Mood Again is the 2009 comeback album by The Nolans, an Irish all-girl pop band most famous in the 1980s. Although eight people have been involved in the line up of the band, only four, Coleen, Linda, Maureen and Bernie, returned for the album. The album consists of many 'diva anthems' and also some of The Nolans' greatest hits. It charted at #22 on the UK Singles Chart. The reunion sparked a split in the family as Anne has appeared", "id": "5897077" }, { "contents": "I'm in the Mood Again\n\n\nthis being the line-up that enjoyed the most success back in the early 1980s. The Nolans released \"I'm in the Mood Again\" on 28 September 2009, and a live DVD was released on 9 November 2009. The Nolans announced in June 2009 that they were reforming for a UK and Ireland tour. Four members - Coleen, Bernie, Linda and Maureen - undertook the tour, in October and November 2009. The two other sisters, Anne and Denise, were not involved. The tour was later released", "id": "5897079" }, { "contents": "John, I'm Only Dancing\n\n\nCD until 2016's \"Who Can I Be Now? (1974-1976)\". The reworking of \"John, I'm Only Dancing\" drops the original verses, only leaving the chorus' lyrics intact, perhaps because of the supposed homosexual nature of the original piece. The new lyrics were simply an embrace of the dance floor and the spirit of disco. The chorus is delivered more slowly and unswung with dance beats instead of the rather retro blues beats of the original, giving time for Bowie to demonstrate vocal", "id": "13537761" }, { "contents": "Frances Langford\n\n\n! It's Only Me!\", Bob Hope recalled how Frances Langford got the biggest laugh he had ever heard. At a USO show in the South Pacific, Langford stood up on a stage to sing before a huge crowd of GIs. When Langford sang the first line of her signature song, \"I'm in the Mood for Love,\" a soldier in the audience stood up and shouted, \"You've come to the right place, honey!\" Also, during the war, Langford wrote the weekly", "id": "17731081" }, { "contents": "Alone in the Universe\n\n\nI wanted a rocker for the album. You always need a rocker – at least I do. I was in the mood to do almost a Mersey Beat number and to me there’s something about \"Ain’t It a Drag\" that sounds a bit like Mersey Beat. All these years later, that whole Mersey Beat thing still works!\". \"I'm Leaving You\" was a song Lynne wrote in tribute of his close friend and fellow Wilbury, Roy Orbison. He said: \"I tried to write", "id": "21867813" }, { "contents": "Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\n\n\n\"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\" is a popular song written by Tony Romeo. It has been recorded by Diana Trask and Brotherhood of Man, among others. The song was originally recorded by Australian artist Diana Trask in 1975. Trask had achieved much success on the Country scene in the US throughout the 1960s and 1970s, but it was this song which became her biggest hit and signature song. The song reached number 10 in Australia in 1975. In 1977, the song was recorded by UK pop", "id": "9058730" }, { "contents": "Rave\n\n\nfrom the music, their mood and watching other people dancing. Thus, the electronic, rave and club dances refer to the street dance styles that evolved alongside electronic music culture. Such dances are street dances since they evolved alongside the underground rave and club movements, without the intervention of dance studios. These dances were originated in some 'scenes' around the world, becoming known only to ravers or clubgoers who attempt to these locations. They were originated at some point that certain moves had begun to be performed to several people", "id": "20950341" }, { "contents": "Dance Partner\n\n\nsired by Sunday Silence, who won the 1989 Kentucky Derby, before retiring to stud in Japan where he was champion sire on thirteen consecutive occasions. His other major winners included Deep Impact, Stay Gold, Heart's Cry, Manhattan Cafe, Zenno Rob Roy and Neo Universe. Her dam Dancing Key was an unraced, American-bred mare who became a very successful broodmare in Japan: her other foals included Dance in the Dark and Dance in the Mood (Oka Sho). During her racing career, Dance Partner was", "id": "16501485" }, { "contents": "ONiely\n\n\nset \"Lovekiller\" in which he sings along to a steady acoustic guitar riff. The song \"Lovekiller\" was composed by Black Eyed Pilseung, who also wrote the melodies for Teen Top's \"Missing\" and \"I'm sorry.\"\"Lovekiller\" is a medium-tempo dance song with an acoustic guitar sound. The song, \"Affogato,\" which means \"a gentle mix of sweet and bitter\"- was self-produced by Niel. He first revealed the music video in Mnet's \"4 Things Show\".", "id": "4397589" }, { "contents": "Keep On Walkin' (song)\n\n\nUK. \"Special Extended\" remix version of the track was later issued on \"I'm in the Mood\" single release. Billboard wrote about the song: \"Though \"We Got A Love Thang\" fell somewhat short of A&M's pop expectations, this easy-going jack/funk affair from Peniston's excellent debut album, \"Finally,\" proves that the game is far from over. She delivers an assertive vocal that recalls early Teena Marie, while producer Steve \"Silk\" Hurley tempers the beats with a", "id": "13065192" }, { "contents": "I'm Only Sleeping\n\n\nthe part with the tape running backwards so that, when reversed, it would fit the dreamlike mood. One guitar was recorded with fuzz effects, the other without. Engineer Geoff Emerick described the meticulous process as \"interminable\". \"I can still picture George hunched over his guitar for hours on end\", Emerick wrote in 2006, \"headphones clamped on, brows furrowed in concentration.\" During the break before the second bridge, the sound of a yawn can be heard, preceded by Lennon saying to McCartney,", "id": "13553303" }, { "contents": "Soulshock and Karlin\n\n\nwith CeCe Peniston. Their single \"I'm In The Mood\" came out and made some noise. With the ball rolling, Soulshock & Karlin scored their first big hit with Monica's #1 R&B single \"Before You Walk Out of My Life,\" which they wrote and produced. Hits with artists such as Toni Braxton, Brandy, Brownstone, Silk, and 2Pac followed. In 1999, Soulshock & Karlin enjoyed another #1 single with Whitney Houston's \"Heartbreak Hotel\" which received two Grammy nominations: Best", "id": "18937776" }, { "contents": "God Put a Smile upon Your Face\n\n\nKessler of \"NME\" wrote: \"Over a pounding garage tattoo Martin poses a deep, mortality-based teaser ('where do we go from here?'), asserts some self-belief ('God gave me style, God gave me grace') and then hits upon the bottom line as the song's mood suddenly improves with another fat and glorious chorus: 'Yeah, when you work it out I'm the same as you...your guess is as good as mine.'\" \"God", "id": "2852435" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Karlin\n\n\nof the word, Karlin says, \"I think our different backgrounds are what make our tracks interesting.\" Karin and Soulshock made the move to Los Angeles for bigger success. After a few months of struggling, they finally had a breakthrough with CeCe Peniston and the single \"I'm In The Mood\". Their big commercial success came with Monica's #1 R&B single \"Before You Walk Out of My Life\", which they jointly wrote and produced. Hits with artists such as Toni Braxton, Brandy, Brownstone", "id": "841542" }, { "contents": "I'm in the Mood for Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time\n\n\nI'm in the Mood For Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time is the third cover album and fourteenth studio album by saxophonist Kenny G. It was released by Arista Records in 2006 and was the last album for the label. The Asian version also includes a bonus track. The album debuted at number 37 on the United States \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 32,000 copies in its first week. As of february, 2008 the album has sold 250,000 copies in United States. This was also the album's peak", "id": "7186893" }, { "contents": "Moody's Mood for Love\n\n\n\"Moody's Mood for Love\" is a 1952 song by Eddie Jefferson, whose melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody on a 1949 recording of the 1935 song \"I'm in the Mood for Love\". It gained widespread popularity after being recorded in 1954 by singer King Pleasure. It has since been covered by many artists. Moody himself adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on the 1956 album \"Moody's Mood for Love\" and often singing the song himself in", "id": "2990286" }, { "contents": "James E. Myers\n\n\nAnd he said, `Why rock? What's that mean? Why not \"Dance Around The Clock?\"' And I said, 'I just have a gut feeling and since I'm half writer and whole publisher, I'm the boss! Right!' So, we called it 'Rock Around The Clock.'\" Myers co-wrote a series of songs with Freedman, among which were \"The Covered Wagon Goes Roll, Roll, Rollin'\", \"The Sun Came Through\", \"", "id": "1277478" }, { "contents": "Paris by Air (group)\n\n\nBillboard\" Dance chart. Unlike many of the Latin freestyle artists emerging from Miami in the late 1980s, Paris by Air wrote their own songs and played live instruments on stage. 1990's \"C'mon and Dance with Me\" peaked at #37 on the \"Billboard\" Dance chart. Rivera left in 1991 to pursue a solo career. She currently records under the artist name Eday. Terri Gil joined the band after the band was dropped from Sony, in time to release \"I'm Serious\" in 1992. \"", "id": "3199701" }, { "contents": "Again (Jessica Sutta song)\n\n\nlight at the end of the tunnel. I'm grateful for every experience in my life no matter how good or bad they are. It makes me who I am.\" The song received positive reviews from critics. It was described as \"emotionally uplifting song with a huge chorus backed by melodic synths and breathtaking vocals by Jessica Sutta. Packed with dancefloor highs and smart lyrics, this anthemic track was produced by and features Kemal Golden. \"DjGrind.net\" wrote that \"Again\" is an instant dance floor filler, with", "id": "11855532" }, { "contents": "The Brady Bunch Hour\n\n\nfirst time any of us could remember him wanting to do something Brady-related,\" recalled Maureen McCormick. \"\"The Brady Bunch Hour\" was incredibly bad,\" Barry Williams once wrote, \"but even \"more\" incredible was the fact that Robert Reed (who you'd expect would be foaming at the mouth about this mess) really \"enjoyed\" being on it.\" When Williams asked him why, Reed stated, \"I've studied voice and dancing. I'm terrible at both, and it", "id": "4729858" }, { "contents": "PJ Bianco\n\n\nEric Dill. He co-wrote and produced \"I'm Not Like You\", \"My Heart's Off Switch\", \"Along for the Ride\", and \"Misery\" for Stacy Barthe. He co-wrote and produced three songs for Cash Money Records group Savvy, \"Dance with Me Now\", \"Top of the World\", and \"Turn the Music Up\". Bianco co-wrote and produced \"Happy\" for Australian electronic rock/pop-punk group The Veronicas. He also", "id": "18688803" }, { "contents": "Psychology of dance\n\n\nshown to affect creativity through arousal and valence interactions for subjects playing the video game \"Dance Dance Revolution\". Participants were randomly assigned to three different levels of exertion, representing levels of arousal. While the participants danced, an experimenter randomly gave them either a very bad grade or a very good grade, attempting to affect the subject's mood. After dancing, the participants were tested on valence, mood, arousal, creativity and level of physical and mental energy. Lower arousal levels resulted in higher creativity scores when a negative", "id": "8127145" }, { "contents": "I'm Into You\n\n\nthat: \"Ms. Lopez still looks just as good! It's like she's aging in reverse.\" Erika Ramirez wrote for \"Billboard\" that \"Lopez roll around white sand with her on-screen Latin beau and rock a short dance number. J.Lo's still got it! (Never doubted it.)\" Lopez was initially set to perform \"I'm Into You\" for the first time during an episode of \"American Idol\" on May 5, 2011, but didn't end up following through with", "id": "566170" } ]

[ { "contents": "2009–10 NFL playoffs\n\n\n29 of 33 passes for 379 yards and a franchise record five touchdowns. He became the second player in NFL history ever to throw five touchdown passes in two different postseason games, joining Daryle Lamonica (Warner had thrown five touchdown passes in his first NFL playoff game a decade earlier). The Cardinals' 51 points was the most ever allowed by the Packers in their 41 postseason games. Arizona gained 531 total yards, with 156 rushing yards, against a Packers defense that finished the season ranked first in the NFL against the", "id": "3479871" }, { "contents": "History of the San Diego Chargers\n\n\nthe temperature on the humid day was 85 °F (29.4 °C). The game became known as \"The Epic in Miami\". ESPN journalists named the epic the best game in NFL history. Both teams showed strong offense. The Chargers were led by Fouts who made an NFL single season record of 4,802 yards and 33 touchdowns. This game set records for the most points scored in a playoff game (79 points); the greatest total yards by both teams (1,036 yards); and the most passing", "id": "11196746" }, { "contents": "Matt Ryan (American football)\n\n\nrecord 300 yards and a touchdown in a win over the Carolina Panthers. Ryan and Jones were the first quarterback-receiver duo in NFL history to combine for at least 500 passing yards and 300 receiving yards in the same game. In October 2016, he set an NFL record for most consecutive games with at least 200 passing yards with 46 straight games. In Week 9, in the 43–28 victory over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had 344 passing yards and four touchdowns to earn NFC Offensive Player of the Week. In", "id": "9362876" }, { "contents": "Dan Marino\n\n\nfirst team All-Pro. In 1988, Marino threw for 4,434 yards and 28 touchdowns. As a result of his 4,434 yards passing, Marino became the first QB in NFL history to throw for 4,000 or more yards in four different seasons. Marino had been tied with Dan Fouts for the most 4,000 yard passing seasons with three. In 1992, Marino again led the Dolphins to the AFC Championship game while passing for 4,116 and 24 touchdowns. His 4,116 passing yards led the entire NFL and marked the fifth time in his", "id": "15549826" }, { "contents": "Sid Luckman\n\n\n) of 7.9 percent. In 1943, Luckman completed 110 of 202 passes for 2194 yards and 28 touchdowns. His 13.9% touchdown rate that year is the best ever in a single-season, while his 10.9 yards per attempt is second all-time. During one game that year, Luckman threw for 443 yards and seven touchdowns, still tied for the most passing touchdowns in one game; it was also the first 400-yard passing game in NFL history. His 28 touchdown passes in 1943 (in only 10 games)", "id": "4102736" }, { "contents": "Bill Khayat\n\n\nreceiving yards, receiving touchdowns, and average yards per game. He ranked first in the USA South in receiving touchdowns. Season highlights featured most single-game receptions in history, most passing touchdowns in a single game, and the best home record in school's NCAA-era history. In the USA South, the team ranked first in passing touchdowns, passing first downs, and second in completions and time of possession. NFL head coaches for whom Khayat worked include Dennis Green, Joe Gibbs, Jim Zorn, Mike Holmgren", "id": "7873974" }, { "contents": "Phil Simms\n\n\n33,462 yards and 199 touchdowns. His career passing yardage total ranks him at thirty first in NFL history. He added 349 carries for 1,252 rushing yards and 6 touchdowns on the ground. He set team records for most passes completed and attempted in one game (40 and 62, respectively), season (286, 533) and career (2,576, 4,647), most career touchdown passes (199) and most 300-yard games in a career (21). Simms still owns some of the New York Giants passing records,", "id": "12122818" }, { "contents": "Peyton Manning\n\n\nhe had 266 passing yards and four passing touchdowns to finish the season with 55 touchdown passes and a league-record 5,477 yards, breaking Drew Brees's mark by one yard. His 450 completions were at the time tied for second most all time. The Broncos scored an NFL record 606 points, becoming the first team ever to eclipse 600 points in a season. They had more 50-point games in a season than any other team in NFL history, with three. Four Broncos receivers recorded at least ten touchdowns—an NFL", "id": "2502273" }, { "contents": "Drew Brees\n\n\n, Brees passed for 342 yards. Brees' performance gave him 4,031 yards on the season, making him the first quarterback in NFL history to eclipse the 4,000-yard mark in the first 12 games of a season, and the first quarterback to reach 4 consecutive seasons with 4,000+ yards and 30+ touchdown passes. In week 15 against the Minnesota Vikings, Brees threw for 412 yards with five passing touchdowns. With that game, Brees became the first quarterback in NFL history to throw for five touchdowns, 400+ yards, while", "id": "7105001" }, { "contents": "Paul Warfield\n\n\n, he caught 271 passes for 5,210 yards and 52 touchdowns. In his 13 NFL seasons Warfield caught 427 passes for 8,565 yards for 20.1 yards per catch and scored 85 touchdowns. He added another 204 yards on 22 rushing attempts. In 18 playoff games, he caught 58 passes for 1,121 yards and five touchdowns. His 85 career receiving touchdowns is tied for 15th most in NFL history, and his 20.1 average yards per reception is tied for the fourth highest among players with at least 200 career receptions and the highest among players", "id": "10621962" }, { "contents": "2008 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\n\n\nWith just over 5 minutes left in the overtime period, Griese connected with Antonio Bryant for a 38-yard pass, and a first & goal at the Chicago 6. Two plays later, Matt Bryant came on the field, and kicked a game-winning field goal. Brian Griese set a franchise record for most pass attempts (67, fourth most in NFL history). His passing yards (407) was the third-most in team history. Green Bay took the opening drive 58 yards for a touchdown, and the", "id": "17505326" }, { "contents": "2007 Green Bay Packers season\n\n\nwith 25. The Green Bay Packers were defeated by the New York Giants at Lambeau Field in overtime. It was the 3rd coldest game in NFL history. Favre extended his NFL record to 18 straight playoff games with at least one touchdown pass. It came on a 90-yard touchdown throw to Donald Driver, the longest playoff pass in Packers team history. This would also be the final game in Favre's legendary career as a Green Bay Packer. The Packers had five 2008 Pro Bowl selections, 9th most in the NFL.", "id": "13730629" }, { "contents": "1993–94 NFL playoffs\n\n\nmost recent NFL playoff game played in the city of Los Angeles until 2017, and the last playoff game won by an LA-based team until 2018. In one of the coldest games in NFL history, the Bills overcame a 17–13 Raiders lead by scoring three times in a span of 6:18 in the second half. The Raiders got the first scoring opportunity of the game when quarterback Jeff Hostetler's first pass of the game was complete to Tyrone Montgomery for a 19-yard gain to the Bills 29-yard line. But a third down", "id": "19943843" }, { "contents": "Keyshawn Johnson\n\n\ncareer NFL receptions. His 10,571 yards receiving is the 24th highest total in NFL history. In reaching the 600 career receptions plateau in 118 games, he tied Herman Moore for the second fewest games needed in NFL history to reach that mark, and he became one of only three players in league history (Moore and Marvin Harrison) to reach 600 receptions in fewer than 120 games. He caught 512 passes in his first 100 games to rank as the fourth most receptions in a player's first 100 games. The other three", "id": "3921943" }, { "contents": "History of the Miami Dolphins\n\n\nPlayer of the Year. In 1984, the Dolphins won their first 11 games en route to a 14–2 season (the franchise's best 16-game season to date). Marino, in his first full season, produced the most impressive set of passing statistics in NFL history, setting single-season records for most yards (5,084), touchdown passes (48), and completions (362). He was voted NFL MVP. Miami avenged the Seattle Seahawks 31–10 and crushed the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–28 in the playoffs to get to", "id": "10984031" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Chargers\n\n\n, he was chosen by teammates as the recipient of the Emil Karas Award as the team's Most Inspirational Player. Also in 2003, Tomlinson accumulated 195 total yards from scrimmage in a late-season game against the Packers to raise his season total to 2,011 and became the first player in team history and the eighth player in NFL history to record consecutive 2,000-yard seasons. Tomlinson also became the first player in NFL history to rush for 1,000 yards and catch 100 passes in the same season. The Chargers coveted Eli Manning and wanted", "id": "7420861" }, { "contents": "2008 New England Patriots season\n\n\n. The Patriots' total of 511 net yards in the game was the fourth-best in franchise history, and the highest since 1979. Cassel's 62 rushing yards were the most by a Patriots quarterback since Steve Grogan had 68 yards in 1978. Moreover, Cassel's 400 passing yards and 62 rushing yards made him the first player since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 to have at least 400 passing and 60 rushing yards in a single game, and the first Patriots quarterback to throw for 300 yards and rush for", "id": "4522865" }, { "contents": "Amari Cooper\n\n\n33 yards in Week 2, Cooper had three consecutive games with less than 10 receiving yards. However, on \"Thursday Night Football\", in a 31–30 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs in Week 7, Cooper caught 11 passes for a then career-high 210 receiving yards and two touchdowns. His yardage was the most by any NFL player at that point in the 2017 season, the second most in franchise history, and the first 200+ yard game in franchise history since 1965. With his stellar performance in Week", "id": "12976004" }, { "contents": "Cam Newton\n\n\nwith that he had 83 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown. He was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for his efforts in that game and with this performance, Newton has had four games with at least 200 passing yards and 80 rushing yards with multiple touchdown passes and a rushing touchdown. That is the most such games in NFL history. Two days following the Saints game, Newton was involved in a well-publicized car crash in which he fractured two vertebrae in his lower back. He missed only one game and", "id": "19813913" }, { "contents": "Jay Cutler\n\n\npassing touchdowns (25), interceptions (18), rushing attempts (57) and rushing touchdowns (2). At the time, his passing yards, completions and attempts were all single-season franchise records for the Broncos. He also had the most 300-yard passing games (8) in team history. For the season, Cutler ranked third in the NFL in completions (first in the AFC), second in passing attempts (first in the AFC), third in passing yards (first in the AFC) and", "id": "16857082" }, { "contents": "Cam Newton\n\n\nNewton's 854 passing yards through the first two games of the season, the most in league history by a rookie, broke the NFL record of 827 set by Kurt Warner in the 2000 season and stood as the most by any quarterback in the first two weeks of the season until New England's Tom Brady broke the mark again later in the day with 940. He also became the only player to begin his career with consecutive 400-yard passing games and broke the Carolina Panthers franchise record of 547 yards previously held by Steve Beuerlein", "id": "19813897" }, { "contents": "Ben Roethlisberger\n\n\ntouchdown pass record previously held by Bradshaw. On \"Thursday Night Football\" against the St. Louis Rams in Week 16, Roethlisberger became the first quarterback in NFL history to have two perfect passer rating (158.3) games in the same regular season, completing 16 of 20 passes for 261 yards and three touchdowns. It was his third career perfect passer rating game, tying Peyton Manning for the most such regular season games in NFL history. He earned his second AFC Offensive Player of the Week nod for the 2007 season. To", "id": "13570572" }, { "contents": "Peyton Manning\n\n\nof 19–9. In Week 6 against the Washington Redskins, he passed for 307 yards and two touchdowns. Including the playoffs, that was 68 career games with 300+ yards passing, moving him ahead of Dan Marino (67) for the most in NFL history. Week 9 against the Philadelphia Eagles marked his 200th consecutive regular season start. Against the New England Patriots, Manning passed for 396 yards, four touchdowns and three interceptions, the second time Manning threw four touchdowns in a game that resulted in a loss. This", "id": "2502253" }, { "contents": "Justin Blackmon\n\n\nsecond-most in a game in franchise history, trailing only 291 yards by Jimmy Smith in a September 2000 game at the Baltimore Ravens. Blackmon combined with Andre Johnson (273 yards on 14 receptions) to have the most receiving yards in a game by two players on different teams. Blackmon finished his 2012 season with 64 receptions and 865 yards receiving, both of which led all NFL rookies. Blackmon also led all rookie receivers in first downs. His 81-yard touchdown reception against Houston was the longest pass completion to any rookie", "id": "4033661" }, { "contents": "List of 500-yard passing games in the National Football League\n\n\nIn the history of the National Football League (NFL), 18 different quarterbacks have passed for at least 500 yards in a single game 22 times, a feat also referred to as the \"500 Club\". Norm Van Brocklin was the first to do so in 1951, whose performance remains the league record for most passing yards in a game with 554. Only three quarterbacks have ever thrown for over 500 more than once in their career; Drew Brees and Tom Brady did so twice and Ben Roethlisberger did so three times", "id": "12839514" }, { "contents": "2007 Cincinnati Bengals season\n\n\nleft. They managed to get the ball to the 50-yard line when Carson Palmer was intercepted by Leigh Bodden on an intended pass for Chad Johnson. This game ended up being the eighth highest scoring game in NFL history, but not the highest scoring game between these two teams. In 2004, the Bengals beat the Browns 58–48 for the second-most combined points. The Redskins (72) and Giants (41) combined for 113 points in 1966 for the most. Q1 – CIN – 10:40 – 13-yard TD pass from", "id": "15516694" }, { "contents": "Tuck Rule Game\n\n\n13-yard pass to David Patten to the Raiders' 29. After two pass incompletions and a Brady scramble, Vinatieri came on to hit a game-tying 45-yard field goal through the snow with just 27 seconds left, a kick considered by many to have been one of the most difficult kicks in NFL history. After the ensuing kickoff, the Raiders decided not to attempt to advance the ball and let the game go to overtime. The Patriots won the toss and took the ball to start overtime. They drove 61 yards in", "id": "7114138" }, { "contents": "Ken Kavanaugh\n\n\nfor the Bears during a period in which they were nicknamed the Monsters of the Midway. In the 1940 NFL Championship Game, the Bears defeated the Washington Redskins 73–0, the most lopsided victory in NFL history. Kavanaugh caught the game's only touchdown pass, a 30-yard reception from quarterback Sid Luckman shortly before halftime. The next season, the Bears won the 1941 NFL Championship Game, as they defeated the New York Giants 39–7 and repeated as NFL champions. The final score in the game was a fumble recovery by Kavanaugh on", "id": "10473324" }, { "contents": "Brandon Marshall\n\n\nappeal, reducing the punishment to a one-game suspension and a fine of two combined game checks, which totaled $52,353. In Marshall's first game back from suspension, he caught 18 passes for 166 yards and a touchdown, in a 39–38 home victory over the San Diego Chargers. The 18 receptions were a Broncos single-game record, and tied for the second most in NFL history, trailing only Terrell Owens, who caught 20 passes for the San Francisco 49ers in a game during the 2000 NFL season.", "id": "15908737" }, { "contents": "Lynn Swann\n\n\nnumber 88. As a rookie, he led the NFL with 577 punt-return yards, a franchise record and the fourth-most in NFL history at the time. He went on to win a championship ring with the Steelers in Super Bowl IX but did not record any receptions in the tough defensive struggle (Pittsburgh quarterback Terry Bradshaw completed only nine passes in the game). However, he returned three punts for 34 yards. The following season became the highlight of Swann's career. He caught 49 passes for 781", "id": "9835625" }, { "contents": "Alex Boone\n\n\nthe offensive line in the NFC Divisional game against the Green Bay Packers that helped the 49ers become the first team in NFL history to have two 100-yard rushers in quarterback Colin Kaepernick (181 yards) and veteran running back Frank Gore (119 yards) and one 100-yard receiver in wideout Michael Crabtree (119 yards) in a playoff game in NFL history. Against the Packers, San Francisco amassed 579 total yards of offense (323 rushing and 256 passing), setting a new single-game postseason franchise record. Boone and the", "id": "19278217" }, { "contents": "1971–72 NFL playoffs\n\n\n110 yards, 17 carries for 85 yards, 3 kickoff returns for 154 yards, two punt returns for two yards) in this game remain an NFL playoff record, and is still the fourth highest total in NFL history. \"I don't think any one player in a big game, a monumental game like that, had a day like Eddie Podolak had,\" said Chiefs coach Hank Stram after the game. Chiefs running back Wendell Hayes added 100 rushing yards, while Wright caught 3 passes for 104 yards. Dolphins", "id": "12729401" }, { "contents": "2008 Kansas City Chiefs season\n\n\n4,719 (#22 in NFL) Points per game: 19.0 (#25 in NFL) Points in season: 285 (#25 in NFL) Quarterback rating: Rushing yards in season: 1,779 (#11 in NFL) Rushing yards per game: 118.6 (#11 in NFL) Passing yards in season: 2,940 (#19 in NFL) Passing yards per game: 196.0 (#19 in NFL) Yards allowed per game: 397.5 (#31 in NFL) Rushing yards allowed per game: 155.9 (", "id": "3243559" }, { "contents": "List of UConn Huskies bowl games\n\n\nbowl game history—and the 2009 International Bowl, where he rushed for 261 yards and a touchdown and was named the game's most valuable player (MVP)—the best rushing performance in Connecticut bowl game history. Dan Orlovsky earned MVP honors for his UConn-bowl game-best passing performance in 2004; he was drafted in the fifth round of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions. Wide receiver Marcus Easley was drafted in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills. The Huskies' first post-", "id": "10699812" }, { "contents": "Matt Schaub\n\n\nTexans. Schaub's 527 yards is tied with Hall of Famer and former Houston Oilers quarterback Warren Moon for the second-most passing yards in a single game in NFL history, only behind Norm Van Brocklin's 554 yards passing in 1951 against the already defunct Boston Yanks. In week 12, during the Thanksgiving game against the Detroit Lions, Schaub was kicked in the groin by Ndamukong Suh. Schaub rallied the Texans from a 10-point deficit to win once again in overtime, 34–31. After the game, Schaub said that he", "id": "18627863" }, { "contents": "Chris Henry (wide receiver)\n\n\nmost in a season in school history. Henry's best game was a career-high performance of 209 yards and two touchdowns against Syracuse. His career-long reception came against Rutgers that season, an 83-yard reception. In 2004, Henry started seven games and caught 52 passes for 872 yards with 12 touchdowns. After catching three passes in a 30–18 loss to Florida State in the 2005 Gator Bowl, Henry announced that he would enter the 2005 NFL Draft. During Henry's sophomore season, he was ejected from a game", "id": "8012275" }, { "contents": "1939 Chicago Bears season\n\n\n1940s. Overall, the Bears had a potent offense, leading the NFL in scoring, touchdowns, total yards (averaging 364 yards per game), rushing yards, rushing average per carry, rushing touchdowns, passing yards, and passing yards per attempt. Perhaps most impressively, the club led the NFL with a gaudy 22.1 average yards per pass completion. The T-formation was beginning to demonstrate itself as a superior passing scheme, particularly regarding the deep game. Sid Luckman was a Single Wing tailback at Columbia University before", "id": "21049808" }, { "contents": "2017–18 NFL playoffs\n\n\npasses for 214 yards and a touchdown. Fournette was the top rusher of the game with 25 carries for 109 yards and three touchdowns, along with two receptions for 10 yards. Setting several franchise playoff records, Roethlisberger completed 37 of 58 passes for 469 yards – the second highest total in NFL postseason history, behind Bernie Kosar's 489-yard tally, from January 1987 – with five touchdowns and an interception. Bell rushed for 67 yards and a touchdown, while also catching nine passes for 88 yards, while Brown caught seven passes", "id": "6603681" }, { "contents": "Dan Marino\n\n\n(147–93 in regular season and 8–10 in playoffs). A nine-time Pro Bowl selection, eight-time first or second team All-Pro, and All-AFC six times, Marino was voted NFL Rookie of the Year by several media outlets. The following season in 1984, Marino was the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP), when he set single season records of 5,084 passing yards, 48 touchdown passes, nine 300-yard passing games, and four 400-yard passing games. He was voted the 1994 NFL Comeback", "id": "15549811" }, { "contents": "Pete Pihos\n\n\ntouchdown in the Eagles' 21–0 win. The Eagles then lost 28–21 to the Chicago Cardinals in the 1947 NFL Championship Game. Pihos caught three passes for 27 yards in that game and intercepted a pass while playing defense. The Eagles then won consecutive NFL championship games in 1948 and 1949. Pihos scored the only offensive touchdown of the 1949 championship game via a 31-yard reception in the second quarter during a heavy downpour. Pihos' 766 receiving yards and 11 receiving touchdowns in 1948 were both the second-most in the NFL that", "id": "20546766" }, { "contents": "Mike Hart (American football)\n\n\nyards rushing and 5 games with at least 200 yards rushing are each the most in Michigan history. Hart lost three fumbles in his college career, two of which came in his last game as a Wolverine in the 2008 Capital One Bowl. In that game, Hart also passed the 5,000 yard rushing mark for his career, becoming only the fourth player in Big Ten history to do so. National awards Conference honors Team awards Hart was selected in the sixth round (202nd overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft by the Indianapolis", "id": "8013851" }, { "contents": "1950 Cleveland Browns season\n\n\nits second straight. The Rams had one of the most potent offenses in NFL history in 1950. It featured Waterfield and Norm Van Brocklin at quarterback, Tom Fears and Bob Boyd at end and Elroy Hirsch at halfback. The Rams averaged 309 passing yards per game, a record that stood until 1984. The team's running unit, led by Dick Hoerner, Vitamin Smith and Dan Towler, averaged more than 140 yards a game. Los Angeles averaged 38.8 points per game in 1950, an NFL record that still stood as", "id": "4279128" }, { "contents": "2011 Detroit Lions season\n\n\n2011. Stafford became only the fourth quarterback to pass for 5,000 yards in a season, and his 5,038 yards passing are 5th-most in NFL history (though only 3rd in the 2011 NFL season). The 474 points that the Lions scored in 2011 are the most in franchise history, and only the second time that the team had scored 400+ points in a season. On October 18, the Lions attempted to trade running back Jerome Harrison and an undisclosed pick in the 2013 NFL Draft to the Philadelphia Eagles for", "id": "19819110" }, { "contents": "2000–01 NFL playoffs\n\n\nthe penalty and attempt a 49-yard field goal to win the game. However, Vanderjagt's kick was wide right. The Dolphins then marched 61 yards in 11 plays, ending with Smith's game-winning touchdown. Manning threw for 197 yards and a touchdown. James rushed for 107 yards and caught three passes for 33. As of 2018, this is the Dolphins' most recent playoff victory. The Saints, who were 3-13 the previous year, won their first playoff game in their 34-year history with quarterback Aaron", "id": "7728191" }, { "contents": "2007 Kansas City Chiefs season\n\n\n. Yards per game: 276.8 (#31 in NFL) Total yards in season: 4,429 (#31 in NFL) Points per game: 14.1 (T-#31 in NFL) Points in season: 226 (#31 in NFL) Quarterback rating: Rushing yards in season: 1248 (#32 in NFL—last place) Rushing yards per game: 78.0 (#32 in NFL—last place) Passing yards in season: 3,181 (#20 in NFL) Passing yards per game: 198.8 (#20 in", "id": "18937559" }, { "contents": "2011–12 NFL playoffs\n\n\n1997. Smith threw for 299 yards and three touchdowns without an interception, while adding 28 yards and a touchdown on the ground. He was the first quarterback in NFL playoff history to lead two go-ahead touchdowns in the final three minutes of a game. Davis caught seven passes for 180 yards and two touchdowns, breaking Kellen Winslow's NFL postseason record for receiving yards (166) by a tight end. Gore rushed for 89 yards and caught seven passes for 38. For the Saints, Brees completed 40 of 63", "id": "17080868" }, { "contents": "Cam Newton\n\n\nyards in a season. He also ran for 14 touchdowns, more in a single season than any quarterback in NFL history, breaking Steve Grogan's 35-year-old record. In 2015, Newton became the first quarterback in NFL history to throw for at least 30 touchdowns and rush for 10 in the same season (35 passing, 10 rushing). He also became the only quarterback ever to have 300 yards passing, 5 touchdown passes, and over 100 yards rushing in the same game. Newton capped off the 2015 season", "id": "19813870" }, { "contents": "Vince Ferragamo\n\n\n, Ferragamo threw for 509 yards in a game against the Chicago Bears, at the time the second highest mark for passing yards in a game in league history behind former Ram Norm Van Brocklin. It was the third time in league history that a quarterback had passed for over 500 yards in a game, following Van Brocklin in 1951 (554 yards) and Y. A. Tittle in 1962 (505 yards). Subsequent to his return, Ferragamo led the Rams back to the NFL playoffs during the 1983 season behind the running of", "id": "2888456" }, { "contents": "Raymond Berry\n\n\nin NFL history. Berry, who did not miss a single game until his eighth year in the league, led the NFL in receptions and receiving yards three times and in receiving touchdowns twice. In 1957, Berry caught 47 passes for 800 yards and six touchdowns, leading the NFL in receiving yards for the first time. Against the Washington Redskins that year in near-freezing weather, Unitas connected with Berry on 12 passes for 224 yards and two touchdowns, staging what the \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" called a \"", "id": "11679621" }, { "contents": "Phil Simms\n\n\nalthough Eli Manning, who is in his thirteenth year with the Giants as of the 2016 season, has started to surpass some of them: season passes (359 completed, 589 attempted), career completed passes (2,679), career touchdowns (216), career 300-yard games (26). \"Sports Illustrated\" considered Simms to be the \"Most Underrated Quarterback\" in NFL history in their August 27, 2001 issue entitled, \"The Most Overrated and Underrated\". 's NFL off-season, Simms still held", "id": "12122819" }, { "contents": "Rich Gannon\n\n\nNFL player. Gannon won the NFL Most Valuable Player Award after a record-setting 2002 season, throwing for 4,689 yards and 26 touchdowns and recording a career-high 97.2 passer rating, which helped the Raiders advance to Super Bowl XXXVII, making him the first former Blue Hens quarterback to start a Super Bowl. He was passing at a record pace with more passing yards than any quarterback in history through 14 games at the time but fell off the pace in the last few weeks. He led the league with 418 completions", "id": "12890789" }, { "contents": "Steve Young\n\n\nleague MVP, he completed 2,667 of 4,149 passes for 33,124 yards and 232 touchdowns, with 107 interceptions, and 43 rushing touchdowns. His 96.8 career passer rating is the sixth highest in NFL history and second highest among retired players, behind Tony Romo; his 4,239 rushing yards are the fourth most ever gained by a quarterback, behind Michael Vick, Cam Newton, and Randall Cunningham. He was the NFL's top rated passer in six different seasons and led the league in touchdown passes four times. In 20 postseason games,", "id": "6493728" }, { "contents": "Tom Brady\n\n\n, the Patriots faced off against the Philadelphia Eagles and their second-string quarterback Nick Foles. Brady completed 28 passes on 48 attempts for three passing touchdowns, no interceptions, and a Super Bowl record 505 yards – which also set a new record for the most passing yards by a quarterback in any postseason game in NFL history. With roughly two minutes remaining in the game and the Eagles leading 38–33, Brady was strip-sacked by Brandon Graham. The Eagles recovered the fumble and cemented their 41–33 win with a field goal", "id": "20550542" }, { "contents": "Ghost to the Post\n\n\nGhost to the Post is a significant play in NFL history. It refers specifically to a 42-yard pass from Ken Stabler to Dave Casper, nicknamed \"The Ghost\" after Casper the Friendly Ghost, that set up a game-tying field goal in the final seconds of regulation in a double-overtime played between Casper's Oakland Raiders and the then-Baltimore Colts on December 24, 1977. Casper also caught the last pass of the game, a 10-yard touchdown pass. The game is currently the fifth-longest in NFL", "id": "5741390" }, { "contents": "2014 Pittsburgh Steelers season\n\n\nsafety making the score 44-34. The Steelers were able to seal the game later on when Roethlisberger found Heath Miller on an 11-yard TD pass for a final score of 51-34. With the win, the Steelers improved to 5-3. Roethlisberger set franchise records with 522 yards passing and six touchdowns while picking up his 100th victory in his 150th start. Roethlisberger's yardage total was the fourth highest in NFL history. He became the first player in NFL history to go over 500 yards passing twice as the", "id": "17211135" }, { "contents": "Kellen Winslow\n\n\nend with 1,290 yards in the 1980 season. The record stood until Rob Gronkowski totaled 1,327 yards in 2011. In a 1981 regular season game, Winslow tied an NFL record by catching five touchdown passes. In a 1981–82 playoff game against the Miami Dolphins that became known as The Epic in Miami, Winslow caught a playoff record 13 passes for 166 yards and a touchdown, while also blocking a field goal with seconds remaining to send the game to overtime in one of the greatest single player efforts in NFL history. Winslow's", "id": "14188313" }, { "contents": "2014 Houston Texans season\n\n\nplayoff hopes alive. Andre Johnson had six receptions for 65 yards in the game and became the 10th player in NFL history to reach 1,000 career receptions (1,002). Johnson passed Hines Ward for ninth-most in NFL history. Kicker Randy Bullock was 6/6 on field goals during the game, for a total of 19 points. Notably, J. J. Watt becomes the first NFL player to have 2 20-sack seasons, sacking Blake Bortles in the end zone for his first career safety. With the win, despite being eliminated from", "id": "17211199" }, { "contents": "Keith Byars\n\n\n5,661 yards, returned five kickoffs for 94 yards, and completed 6 of 13 passes for 119 yards and six touchdowns, with one interception. He also scored 54 touchdowns (23 rushing and 31 receiving). His six passing touchdowns are the third highest total by a running back in NFL history. Byars 610 receptions are the 2nd most catches by a fullback and 4th most by a halfback/fullback/running back in NFL history of 2018. Keith Byars is currently co-hosting a sports radio show with ESPN 1410 WING", "id": "13345458" }, { "contents": "Julian Edelman\n\n\nand returned to the playoffs. Edelman recorded his first NFL touchdown pass on his first-ever NFL pass attempt in the Patriots' game against the Baltimore Ravens. After receiving a lateral pass from Brady, Edelman threw a forward pass to Danny Amendola, who scored a 51-yard touchdown to tie the game at 28–28. According to Pro-Football-Reference.com, the pass was the longest touchdown pass thrown by a non-quarterback player in NFL playoff history, and makes Edelman one of six NFL players with a perfect postseason passer", "id": "15049362" }, { "contents": "Matthew Stafford\n\n\n(Data before 1950 is incomplete.) On January 1, 2012, Stafford became the fourth quarterback in NFL history and third in the 2011 season, along with Tom Brady and Drew Brees, to throw for 5,000 passing yards in a season after collecting 520 passing yards against the Green Bay Packers in a 45–41 loss in Week 17. (In this game, Stafford threw an interception on an attempted 37-yd touchdown pass that, had he been successful, he would've broken Norm Van Brocklin's record for most yards in a", "id": "6039331" }, { "contents": "1976–77 NFL playoffs\n\n\n, while limiting Baltimore to only 170. Quarterback Terry Bradshaw completed 14 of 18 passes for 267 yards and three touchdowns, including a 76-yard one to Frank Lewis on the third play of the game, giving him the first perfect 158.3 passer rating in NFL playoff history. Steelers running back Franco Harris racked up 132 rushing yards on 18 carries, and caught 3 passes for 24 yards, despite leaving the game with an injury early in the third quarter. Lewis' touchdown catch and a 45-yard Roy Gerela field goal gave the Steelers", "id": "20332452" }, { "contents": "2007 Tennessee Titans season\n\n\n. With Bironas' 29-yard field goal, he became the 5th kicker in NFL history to get 7 field goals in one game. However, the Texans managed to retake the lead with Rosenfels completing a 7-yard TD pass to TE Jeb Putzier and a 53-yard TD pass to WR André Davis. The Titans managed to get a historic last-second field goal. With his 29-yard field goal, not only did it seal the win for Tennessee, but it made Rob Bironas the first kicker in NFL history to make 8 field goals", "id": "15575015" }, { "contents": "2009 Green Bay Packers season\n\n\nfound tight end Spencer Havner on an 11-yard touchdown pass. However, despite getting the ball to begin overtime, the Cardinals would get the last laugh as linebacker Karlos Dansby returned a fumble 17 yards for the game-ending touchdown. With the heart-crushing loss, the Packers closed out their season with an overall record of 11–6. The game set numerous NFL postseason records. The 96 combined points scored by the Packers and Cardinals is the most in NFL postseason history, surpassing the previous mark of 95 (Eagles 58,", "id": "21118155" }, { "contents": "Andrew Luck\n\n\nown 43 and the Texans kicked the game-winning field goal. In Week 5, on \"Thursday Night Football\" against the New England Patriots, he was 38-of-59 for 365 passing yards, three touchdowns, and two interceptions as the Colts fell 38–24. Luck's 121 passing attempts in Weeks 4–5 were the most over a two-game span in NFL history. In Week 6, against the New York Jets, he had 301 passing yards, four touchdowns, and three interceptions in the 42–34 loss. After the 1–5", "id": "13686444" }, { "contents": "1982–83 NFL playoffs\n\n\n15, that ended with a 1-yard touchdown run by Frank Hawkins, making the final score 27–10. McDonald completed 18 of 37 passes for 281 yards and a touchdown. His top target was Feacher, who caught four passes for 124 yards and a score. Cleveland fell to 0-2 in playoff games at the Los Angeles Coliseum, joining a setback to the Rams in the 1951 NFL Championship Game. The underdog Jets, playing their first road playoff game in franchise history, overcame an early 14–3 deficit against the defending AFC", "id": "21257875" }, { "contents": "2007 Green Bay Packers season\n\n\nDré Bly for the catch. This was Favre's 13th TD pass of 75 yards or more, most of any player in NFL history. Favre also becomes the first Packers player to throw two touchdown passes of 75 yards or more in the same game. Only three quarterbacks have accomplished the feat since 1990. Ryan Grant ran for 104 yards, the first Packer to break the 100 yard rushing mark this season. With the win (their first ever in Denver), the Packers improved to 6–1. On November 1,", "id": "13730597" }, { "contents": "Andre Reed\n\n\ndurability, Reed played in 234 NFL games between 1985 and 2000, the 85th most games played by any player in NFL history, including players in less physically demanding positions, such as kickers and punters. In his four Super Bowls, Reed recorded 27 receptions, the second most total career Super Bowl receptions in NFL history (behind Rice's 33). His 323 total Super Bowl receiving yards are the third most in Super Bowl history (behind only Rice's 604 yards and Lynn Swann's 364). In addition to", "id": "9627252" }, { "contents": "Peyton Manning\n\n\n44–17 victory. The ten-game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. His seven game-winning drives were tied for the most in NFL history until Matthew Stafford had eight in the 2016 season. As the second seed in the AFC, the Colts earned a first round bye, and faced Tennessee in the of the playoffs. The Colts lost 19–16 to the Super Bowl-bound Titans and Manning was limited to 19-of-42 passing attempts for 227 passing yards and one touchdown run. Manning finished the year with 4,135", "id": "2502189" }, { "contents": "Matt Ryan (American football)\n\n\nin school history in passing yards and in pass completions. He earned MVP of the game honors at the 2005 MPC Computers Bowl. In 2007, Ryan led his team to an ACC Atlantic Division championship and was named ACC Player of the Year. During his rookie year, Ryan started all 16 games for the Falcons and led them to the playoffs with an 11–5 season record. He earned honors as the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year. In 2016, Ryan was the NFL's Most Valuable Player and led the Falcons to", "id": "9362823" }, { "contents": "List of highest scoring NFL games\n\n\nCarson had seven catches for 149 yards and one touchdown. The game ended when placekicker Norm Johnson converted a 42-yard field goal with 1:46 left in overtime. On October 6, 2013, the Dallas Cowboys hosted the Denver Broncos for a game in which 99 total points were scored, tied for fifth-highest in NFL history. Near the end of the fourth quarter the game was tied, 48-48. Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo (who achieved more than 500 passing yards for the first time in franchise history) threw a", "id": "1352718" }, { "contents": "Demaryius Thomas\n\n\nbut Denver's touchdown score ended the game. The entire play took 10 seconds, and is the fastest ending to an overtime in NFL history to date. It is also the longest playoff overtime touchdown in NFL history. Thomas ended with a stat-line of 4 receptions, 204 yards and 1 touchdown in his playoff debut. It marked the most receiving yards by a Bronco in playoff history and the 2nd-highest receiving average (51.0) in a single game in NFL annals. Thomas had six receptions for 93 yards", "id": "2391405" }, { "contents": "Aaron Rodgers\n\n\nRodgers became the second player in NFL history and the first since Daryle Lamonica in 1969 to throw six touchdown passes in the first half. Rodgers finished 18 of 27 for 315 yards and six touchdowns despite only playing one drive in the second half to earn NFC Offensive Player of the Week. Rodgers set multiple records during the game: most touchdown passes of 70 or more yards with 16—breaking the record held by Brett Favre and Peyton Manning, most consecutive touchdown passes without an interception at home—breaking the record also held by Favre", "id": "9341260" }, { "contents": "1984 Seattle Seahawks season\n\n\n/takeway ratio was +24, best in the league. The team's 63 defensive takeaways is the most in NFL history for a 16-game schedule, and the most since the merger. The team's offense boasted a 3,000-yard passer in quarterback Dave Krieg (3,671 yards), and a 1,000-yard wide receiver in Steve Largent (74 receptions for 1,164 yards). The passing attack more than made up for the loss of star running back Curt Warner, who suffered a season-ending knee injury in the opener. The Seahawks's", "id": "8390847" }, { "contents": "2012 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\n\n\nfor third-most by a rookie in NFL history. Adrian Peterson (296 yards in a 2007 game) and DeMarco Murray (253 yards in a game last year) are the only rookies to rush for more yards in a game than Martin. Martin's four rushing touchdowns was also a new franchise record. Martin became the first player in NFL history with three rushing touchdowns of 45 or more rushing yards in a game. Doug Martin and Mike Anderson are the only players ever to rush for 250 yards and four touchdowns", "id": "16227134" }, { "contents": "Rodney Holman\n\n\n1990, Holman's superb blocking and pass catching abilities were a great asset to his team, and assisted the Bengals to an NFL championship appearance in Super Bowl XXIII. By the time he retired in 1996, Holman had played in 213 games, the second most games played by a tight end in NFL history behind Pete Metzelaars (234). In his 14 seasons, Holman amassed 365 receptions for 4,771 yards and 36 touchdowns. As of 2005, Holman's 318 receptions with the Bengals are the most ever by a tight", "id": "2516158" }, { "contents": "T. Y. Hilton\n\n\nreceiving yards and three touchdowns contributed to a fourth quarter comeback. In Week 17, with a pass from Andrew Luck, Hilton recorded his first career 1,000 yard season, and broke his career-high for receiving yards in a game with 155. In the Colts 45–44 comeback Wild Card Round victory over the Kansas City Chiefs, Hilton recorded 13 receptions for 224 yards (both playoff-franchise records) and two touchdowns. His 224 yards are the third-most by a receiver in a playoff game in NFL history, trailing", "id": "20243824" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Chargers\n\n\nof the playoffs for the first time since 2005. They finished the season as the 8th team in NFL history to rank #1 in overall offense (395.6 yards/game), and overall defense (271.6 yards/game), and became only the 2nd of those teams to not make the playoffs (1953 Eagles 7–4–1). They were second to the Colts in passing yards per game (282.4), second to the Patriots in points scored per game (27.6), 1st in passing yards allowed per game (", "id": "7420879" }, { "contents": "2006 New York Giants season\n\n\ntouchdown. At last, on fourth-and-10 late in the game, safety Gibril Wilson broke up a pass intended for Randle El, and the Giants ran out the clock. Barber's 234 rushing yards were the most ever by a Giant in a single game. For the season, he rushed for 1,662 yards. And Tiki Barber became the third active player in NFL history to have four 2,000 total yard seasons, joining Marshall Faulk and Dante Hall. Manning, despite throwing for only 101 yards, did not make any", "id": "7844971" }, { "contents": "1990–91 NFL playoffs\n\n\nthe score 34-7. With 14 minutes left in the final quarter, Cincinnati scored another touchdown on Esiason's 9-yard pass to tight end Eric Kattus, while Givens caught another touchdown pass from Carlson to make the final score 41-14. Esiason finished the game with 14 of 20 completions for 150 yards and two touchdowns, while also running for 57 yards and a score. Cincinnati's most lopsided playoff win in franchise history was the result of a team effort. The Bengals racked up 187 yards on the ground even", "id": "19944667" }, { "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game\n\n\n, Unitas made a critical 11-yard completion to Moore on third down. Following one more incompletion, he threw three consecutive passes to Berry, moving the ball 62 yards to the Giants 13-yard line. This set up a 20-yard tying field goal by Myhra with seven seconds left to send the game into sudden-death overtime—the first overtime game in NFL playoff history. As Unitas later stated, the players had never heard of overtime before the game. \"When the game ended in a tie, we were standing on the", "id": "15993658" }, { "contents": "Tyrell Sutton\n\n\nfor 114 yards in that game to bring his total to 890 yards. In addition, he caught 30 passes for 305 yards and 2 touchdowns. Sutton concluded his career as the second all-time leading rusher at Northwestern with 3,886 yards, and second all-time with 5,138 all-purpose yards. Sutton is also the second player in Wildcat's history to achieve 1,000 receiving and rushing yards. Furthermore, his 149 receptions for 1,244 yards is the most for any back. Though he was invited to the NFL Combine,", "id": "6086707" }, { "contents": "Demaryius Thomas\n\n\n2013. Starting the season strong, Thomas had five catches for 161 yards and two touchdowns in Week 1 win over Baltimore Ravens. As he had done in Week 1 of the 2012 season, Thomas took a screen pass for a 78-yard touchdown. This was quarterback Peyton Manning's 7th touchdown pass of the game, which tied him with five other quarterbacks for the most in a single game in NFL history. Thomas received AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for the first time in his career in the Broncos' Week 10", "id": "2391410" }, { "contents": "1987 Minnesota Vikings season\n\n\nWild Card round game in NFL history. The heavy underdog Vikings pull off a shocker in San Francisco. Controlling most of the game with Anthony Carter leading the way. In a defensive battle, the Redskins played a little better by limiting the Vikings to only 76 rushing yards and forcing 8 sacks. Washington scored first on a 98-yard drive that was capped by running back Kelvin Bryant's 42-yard touchdown reception from quarterback Doug Williams. However, Minnesota tied the game before halftime with quarterback Wade Wilson's 23-yard touchdown pass to Leo Lewis", "id": "20368442" }, { "contents": "Raymond Berry\n\n\nthe New York Giants in the NFL Championship Game. One of Berry's most notable performances was in that 1958 NFL Championship Game, known as \"The Greatest Game Ever Played\", in which he caught a championship record 12 passes for 178 yards and a touchdown in the Colts' 23–17 victory over the Giants. At the end of regulation, he caught three consecutive passes for 62 yards to set up the Colts' tying field goal. He also had two key receptions for 33 yards during the Colts' final game-", "id": "11679623" }, { "contents": "The Catch (American football)\n\n\n\" is widely regarded as one of the most memorable events in National Football League (NFL) history. It came at the end of a 14-play, 83-yard drive engineered by Montana. The game represented the end of the Cowboys' domination in the NFC since the conference's inception in 1970, and the beginning of the 49ers' rise as an NFL dynasty in the 1980s. After San Francisco forced Dallas to punt on the opening drive, quarterback Joe Montana completed a 17-yard pass to Charle Young and a 24-yarder to Lenvil Elliott", "id": "9469964" }, { "contents": "Trevor Siemian\n\n\n, and two interceptions in his first NFL start and 21-20 victory. He was the first quarterback in NFL history to start the season opener for the defending Super Bowl champion without having thrown an NFL pass. He was the first Northwestern quarterback since Randy Dean in 1979 to start an NFL game. The following week, Siemian threw for 266 yards in a 34–20 win over the Indianapolis Colts, 215 of those yards came in the first half. On September 25, 2016, Siemian became the first quarterback in NFL history", "id": "19475777" }, { "contents": "Chris Givens\n\n\na pass until Week 3 against the Seattle Seahawks, when he beat Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman for a 52-yard reception. In a Week 5 win against the Arizona Cardinals, Givens caught a 51-yard pass, resulting in the first touchdown of his NFL career. He would go on to catch a pass of 50-plus yards in five consecutive games from September 30 to October 21, 2012, an NFL rookie record for most consecutive games with a 50-plus yard reception. The receptions came against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, Miami Dolphins,", "id": "20579404" }, { "contents": "Freezer Bowl\n\n\nduring the game. Muncie was the top rusher of the game with 94 yards. Anderson completed 14 of 22 passes for 161 yards and two touchdowns, with no interceptions, and rushed for 39 yards. Johnson rushed for 80 yards and a touchdown, while also catching a pass for 14 yards. As a sidenote, Cincinnati head coach Forrest Gregg had already participated in one of the coldest games in NFL history prior to this one. When he was a player for the Green Bay Packers in 1967, Gregg played in the", "id": "10034507" }, { "contents": "Ben Roethlisberger\n\n\nrecorded his 4,000th career completion on a three-yard pass to tight end Jesse James. On December 4, Roethlisberger became the eighth quarterback to reach 50,000 career passing yards in a game against the Cincinnati Bengals. During \"Sunday Night Football\" against the Baltimore Ravens in Week 14, he completed 44 of 66 passes (both single-game career highs) for 506 yards and two touchdowns in a 39–38 win, becoming the first player in NFL history with three career 500-yard passing games. With the win, the Steelers clinched", "id": "13570620" }, { "contents": "Kyle Rudolph\n\n\nmost by a Vikings tight end in a season in team history. His nine touchdown catches, which is a career-high, were also tied for second-most by a tight end in the NFL in 2012. In the season-opener against the Jacksonville Jaguars on September 9, he had a then career-best 67 receiving yards on five receptions. On September 16, he hauled in a six-yard touchdown pass with only 31 seconds remaining in the game versus the Indianapolis Colts to tie the game 20-", "id": "18027044" }, { "contents": "2011–12 NFL playoffs\n\n\npasses for 462 yards and four touchdowns, with two interceptions. His top target was Sproles, who caught an NFL playoff record 15 passes for 119 yards and a touchdown, while adding 59 more yards on rushing and special teams returns. Graham caught five passes for 103 yards and two touchdowns, while Colston caught nine passes for 136 yards and one score. Davis' game-winning touchdown catch occurred four days after the 30th anniversary of The Catch – Joe Montana's touchdown pass to Dwight Clark – known as the most famous", "id": "17080869" }, { "contents": "Brad Johnson (American football)\n\n\nin NFL history. This play won the ESPY award for NFL Play of the Year. In three games, Johnson led the Vikings to fourth-quarter comeback wins. Johnson finished 1997 fourth in the NFC with 20 touchdown passes and 3,036 passing yards. On the morning of the Week 13 \"Monday Night Football\" game, Johnson woke up with a sore neck and saw a chiropractor to be cleared to play. After Johnson passed only 15-for-30 for 117 yards and one interception and was sacked six times, coach Dennis Green benched", "id": "6456951" }, { "contents": "Ben Roethlisberger\n\n\na playoff berth for the AFC North pennant. His 44 completions set an NFL record for the most completions in a non-overtime game and were the second most in NFL history behind Drew Bledsoe's 45 completions in 1994. His performance in Week 14 earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week. During Week 15 against the New England Patriots, Roethlisberger finished with 281 passing yards, two touchdowns, and an interception. In the closing seconds of the fourth quarter, two controversial moments occurred; Roethlisberger threw a potential game-", "id": "13570621" }, { "contents": "1994 New England Patriots season\n\n\nmost in NFL history, and the most ever for a team with a winning record. In an odd statistical quirk, the Patriots' running game was one of the most inefficient in modern football. Their rushing game only gained 2.79 yards per attempt, the worst of any NFL team since the merger. (The average ground gain in 1994 was 3.7 yards per carry.) New England's 1,332 yards were dead-last in the AFC, and the second-fewest in the NFL to Atlanta. The team's 35th", "id": "4680304" }, { "contents": "Super Bowl XXXIII\n\n\nleadership of Elway and running back Terrell Davis, had another outstanding regular season, ranking second in the NFL with 501 points and third in total offense with 6,276 yards. Davis had one of the greatest seasons of any running back in NFL history, rushing for 2,008 yards, catching 25 passes for 217 yards, and scoring 23 touchdowns to earn him both the NFL Most Valuable Player Award and the NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award. But Davis' rushing numbers did not reduce Elway's passing production. The 38-year-old", "id": "9755926" }, { "contents": "Eddie Royal\n\n\nyards (757) for a rookie in one season after catching five passes for 84 yards and a touchdown. Royal's 91 receptions are second most in NFL history for a rookie, behind only Anquan Boldin who had 101 receptions in 2003. His 980 yards and five touchdowns are both Broncos rookie records. He was seventh in the league among wide receivers in receptions, and sixth in the NFL in total yards. Early in the 2009 season, Royal became the 4th fastest player in NFL history to reach 100 career receptions.", "id": "5123121" }, { "contents": "2007 Dallas Cowboys season\n\n\na 1-yard TD run. With the loss, the Cowboys fell to 5–1. The game was the most watched regular season game in NFL history. Hoping to rebound from their home loss to the Patriots, the Cowboys stayed at home for a Week 7 intraconference game against the Minnesota Vikings. In the first quarter, Dallas scored first as QB Tony Romo completed a 5-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens. The Vikings would respond with RB Adrian Peterson getting a 20-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Minnesota took the lead", "id": "10984449" }, { "contents": "2000–01 NFL playoffs\n\n\nDavid Akers' 31-yard field goal attempt went wide right. The Giants then added another field goal to increase their lead to 20–3. In the fourth quarter the Eagles took advantage of a blocked Giants punt with McNabb's 10-yard touchdown pass to Small, making the score 20–10, but their subsequent onside kick failed and the Giants held the ball for the rest of the game. Quarterback Kerry Collins led the Giants to victory by throwing for 381 yards and five touchdowns in the most lopsided game in NFC Championship Game history and the second", "id": "7728216" }, { "contents": "Gaynell Tinsley\n\n\nthe NFL, \"New York Daily News\", and \"Collyers Eye\" magazine. Tinsley twice set the record for the longest pass reception in NFL history. He set the mark first in 1937, when he caught a 97-yard pass from Pat Coffee for a touchdown against the Chicago Bears. He broke his own record the following season, against the Cleveland Rams in the Cardinals' final game, with a 98-yard touchdown reception from Doug Russell. Several NFL receivers have since recorded 99-yard receptions, but Tinsley's 98-yarder remains a", "id": "8662953" }, { "contents": "Dan Marino\n\n\nSeptember 7, 1986, 8 days shy of his 25th birthday, Marino threw his 100th touchdown pass in a 50–28 loss at San Diego. Marino accomplished that feat in just 44 games- the fastest in NFL history. In that 1986 season Marino threw for 4,746 yards and 44 touchdowns. Marino became the first QB in NFL history to record three consecutive seasons of 30 or more touchdown passes; 48 in 1984, 30 in 1985 and 44 in 1986. Marino again led the league in yards and touchdown passes and was named 1986", "id": "15549825" } ]

[ { "contents": "World Series\n\n\nchampion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the tie-breaker is head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the second tie-breaker is best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962. The Boston Red Sox won the 2018 World Series, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in", "id": "14075446" }, { "contents": "1955 World Series\n\n\nThe 1955 World Series matched the Brooklyn Dodgers against the New York Yankees, with the Dodgers winning the Series in seven games to capture their first championship in franchise history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won while based in Brooklyn, as the team relocated to Los Angeles after the . This was the fifth time in nine years that the Yankees and the Dodgers met in the World Series, with the Yankees having won in , , , and ; the Yankees would also win in the rematch. This Series also marked", "id": "14221356" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\nof the two teams. While the Giants have more wins in franchise history, the Dodgers and Giants are tied for most National League Pennants at 23, though the Giants have won eight World Series titles, while the Dodgers have won six. The 2010 World Series was the Giants' first championship since moving to California, while the Dodgers had won five World Series titles since their move, their last title coming in the 1988 World Series.. This rivalry refers to a series of games played with the Los Angeles Angels. The", "id": "18487722" }, { "contents": "Dodgers–Giants rivalry\n\n\nsix of the Dodgers' world championships are sandwiched by the Giants' final world championship in New York () and their first in San Francisco (). Since 2000, the Giants have advanced to the postseason seven times while the Dodgers have advanced eight times. In that time, the Giants appeared in four World Series, winning in 2010, 2012, 2014, and losing in 2002. The Dodgers made two World Series appearances, losing the Series in 2017 and 2018. Ardent fans of each club would be likely to", "id": "16969656" }, { "contents": "Dodgers–Giants rivalry\n\n\none of the greatest in sports history. The Dodgers and Giants are tied for most National League Pennants, each with 23. While the Dodgers have won the National League West 14 times compared to the Giants' 8 since the beginning of the Divisional Era in 1969, the Giants have more total wins, head-to-head wins, and World Series titles (8–6) in franchise history. Since moving to California, the Dodgers hold the edge in pennants (10–6) and World Series titles (5–3). The", "id": "16969645" }, { "contents": "Ted Kluszewski\n\n\nteam the much needed additional hitting power to help the Sox win the American League Pennant. The White Sox faced the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series. In the series first game at Chicago's Comiskey Park, Kluszewski, who had grown up in the Chicago area, hit two home runs and drove in five in an 11–0 rout of the Dodgers. However, the Dodgers would win four of the next five games to win the series with pitching that neutralized many of the Sox players. Kluszewski hit a high .391 with", "id": "8819241" }, { "contents": "1988 World Series\n\n\nSeptember 16, 1988. With the Lakers winning their fifth NBA championship in nine years four months before, the Dodgers winning the World Series made Los Angeles the first city to have both NBA and World Series champions in the same year. 1988 World Series (4–1): Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) over Oakland Athletics (A.L.) The 1988 World Series marked the last time that NBC would televise a World Series for seven years. Beginning in 1990, NBC would be shut out of Major League Baseball coverage completely, after", "id": "387623" }, { "contents": "Dodger Stadium\n\n\n's Blasters by 4 wickets to win the series 3-0. The ends were named after Sandy Koufax and Don Sutton, two Hall of Fame pitchers for LA Dodgers. Many of the world's top rock, pop and electronic bands have performed at Dodger Stadium, including acts such as The Cure, KISS, The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Bee Gees, Elton John (2 Nights), Simon and Garfunkel, David Bowie, Madonna, Beyonce, Genesis, Eric Clapton, Depeche Mode (2 Nights),", "id": "14112237" }, { "contents": "1963 World Series\n\n\ngame series on September 16, their lead was one game over the Cardinals, who had won 19 of 20 games. Sports fans around the country were saying how the Dodgers were going to blow it again. But the Dodgers swept the three games from the Cardinals to move four games ahead with nine to play; a 4–1 win over the Mets clinched the pennant in the season's 158th game. Sandy Koufax started it off with a then record fifteen-strikeout performance in Game 1. It bested fellow Dodgers pitcher Carl Erskine", "id": "14220686" }, { "contents": "1981 World Series\n\n\nthe sixth on a pinch-hit RBI single by Lou Piniella. Guerrero would cap a five-RBI night, and the Dodgers' World Series win, by blasting a solo home run in the eighth. Burt Hooton would pitch 5 1/3 innings and get the win. Steve Howe replaced him and earned the save. Winfield's throw typified his struggles in this, his first World Series. At the plate, he went 1-for-22 with one RBI. After the series, Steinbrenner issued a public apology to the City of New", "id": "387490" }, { "contents": "World Series\n\n\na 1998 loss to the New York Yankees). The Dodgers won two more World Series in the 1980s (1981, 1988). The A's again went to three straight world series, from 1988–1990, winning once. 1988 and 1989 were all-California series as the A's lost to the Dodgers and beat the Giants, respectively. The Giants have been in four World Series' in the new millennium, losing in 2002 to the Anaheim Angels (Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim from 2005 to 2015), and", "id": "14075413" }, { "contents": "History of the Houston Astros\n\n\nin the division. The Dodgers regained the lead by two games as they came to Houston on September 9. The Astros showed the Dodgers how serious they were by winning the first two games of the series to put both clubs tied for first in the division. By season's end the Astros held a three-game lead over the Dodgers with three games left in the season against the Dodgers. The Dodgers swept all three games thus making the two teams have to square off in a one-game playoff the next day", "id": "15195192" }, { "contents": "1978 World Series\n\n\nThe 1978 World Series matched the defending champions New York Yankees against the Los Angeles Dodgers in a rematch of the previous year's World Series, with the Yankees winning in six games, just like the previous year, to repeat as champions. As of 2018, it remains the most recent World Series to feature a rematch of the previous season's matchup. 1978 was the first of ten consecutive years that saw ten different teams win the World Series. The Los Angeles Dodgers would break the string with a World Series win in", "id": "783206" }, { "contents": "Gil Hodges\n\n\n' failure in the 1952 World Series does not obscure his fine performances for the Dodgers in the other World Series they played during his tenure with the club. Hodges led the Dodger hitters in the 1953 World Series, posting a batting average of .364. Hodges' .304 mark in the 1956 Series earned him a tie with Duke Snider for the top Dodgers batting average, while his eight Series RBI were good enough for the outright lead among Dodgers hitters in that department. Hodges shared top hitting honors for all starting position players on", "id": "17989960" }, { "contents": "1977 World Series\n\n\nwith 22 saves. The Dodgers won 22 of their first 26 games, winning the Western Division by 10 games over the Cincinnati Reds, then eliminated the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1977 National League Championship Series (NLCS) in four games. The matchup of the Yankees and the Dodgers hearkened back to the World Series matchups between the two teams of the 1950s. The two teams had met in eight previous World Series, with the Yankees winning in 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, and 1956 and the Dodgers in", "id": "783331" }, { "contents": "Orel Hershiser's scoreless innings streak\n\n\nand continued to be an effective pitcher for many seasons, including two additional appearances in the World Series, one of which was preceded by his winning the 1995 AL Championship Series MVP Award. Hershiser was selected by Dodgers in the 17th round of the 1979 MLB draft with the 440th overall selection. He made his professional debut with the Class A Dodger farm team in the Midwest League, the Clinton Dodgers in 1979. He made his major league debut for the Dodgers on September 1, 1983, against the Montreal Expos. Hershisher", "id": "7088497" }, { "contents": "2018 World Series\n\n\nCardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series appearance. Two came in Brooklyn in 1952–1953 and 1955–1956, and two came in Los Angeles in 1965–1966 and 1977–1978. Overall, this was the Dodgers' 20th World Series appearance. The Red Sox started Chris Sale against the Dodgers' Clayton Kershaw. Kershaw became the first", "id": "1138615" }, { "contents": "Dodgers–Yankees rivalry\n\n\nfelt losing in the World Series was not something that needed to be apologized for. Lasorda said of the revenge for what Jackson did to the Dodgers in 1977 and 1978: \"We were suffering and the guy was making a fool out of us. I was hoping and praying we would get another shot at him.\" This led to the Yankees not winning a World Series in the 1980s, the only decade they would not have won a championship since moving to the Bronx. In contrast, the Dodgers were able to", "id": "20169480" }, { "contents": "Reggie Jackson\n\n\nhis success. Their reports indicated that the Dodgers would attempt to pitch him inside and Jackson was prepared. Since Jackson had hit a home run off Dodger pitcher Don Sutton in his last at bat in Game Five, his three home runs in Game Six meant that he had hit four home runs on four consecutive swings of the bat against as many Dodgers pitchers. Jackson became the first player to win the World Series MVP award for two teams. In 27 World Series games, he amassed 10 home runs, including a record", "id": "14327268" }, { "contents": "1981 Los Angeles Dodgers season\n\n\nthe Montreal Expos in the National League Championship Series before beating the New York Yankees to win the World Series. In the divisional series, the Dodgers fell behind the Houston Astros two games to zero but came back to win the next three games to take the series and advance to the LCS. October 6, The Astrodome, Houston, Texas October 7, The Astrodome, Houston, Texas October 9, Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles October 10, Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles October 11, Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles The Dodgers", "id": "21470382" }, { "contents": "San Francisco Giants\n\n\nby the Giants' slightly better success. While the Giants have more total wins, head-to-head wins, National League pennants and World Series titles in their franchise histories, the Dodgers have won the National League West 5 more times than the Giants since the start of division play in 1969. Both teams have made the postseason as a National League wild card twice. The Giants won their first world championship in California in 2010, while the Dodgers won their last world title in 1988. As of the end of", "id": "8788810" }, { "contents": "Brooklyn Dodgers: Ghosts of Flatbush\n\n\nBrooklyn Dodgers: Ghosts of Flatbush is a 2007 documentary film produced by HBO Sports chronicling the last ten years of the Brooklyn Dodgers' tenure in the borough of churches. The film documents how in 1947 Jackie Robinson broke the baseball racial barrier in previously segregated major league, the struggles to win what seemed an unreachable World Series title in 1955, and the issues and community feelings involved in the team's sudden departure to Los Angeles after the 1957 campaign. The documentary focuses on the Brooklyn community's identification with the ball club,", "id": "20350109" }, { "contents": "Dodgers–Yankees rivalry\n\n\nthe Yankees in the World Series in both years), who would lose to the Yankees in the World Series, giving New York their first championship since Torre left as manager. The Yankees and Dodgers met again at Dodger Stadium for an interleague series from June 25–27, 2010. This marked the first time Joe Torre and Don Mattingly faced off against the Yankees as members of the Dodgers. They were victorious, the Dodgers winning the series two games to one. Mattingly succeeded Torre as manager of the Dodgers after the 2010 season", "id": "20169485" }, { "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series\n\n\n1959 World Series which they won in six games. The Dodgers faced another tie-breaker in 1962, but lost to the Giants, who would lose to the New York Yankees in the 1962 World Series in seven games. The Dodgers have appeared in six of the ten NL tie-breakers, more tie-breaker appearances than any franchise in either league. The Braves' high-water mark while in Milwaukee had been their World Series win in 1957. They had also appeared in the 1958 Series, losing to the", "id": "21120621" }, { "contents": "Billy Loes\n\n\nremember that name. Loes distinguished himself in several ways in the 1952 World Series. When asked how the Dodgers would fare, he predicted the Yankees would win in seven, but was misquoted as saying the Yankees would win in six. During the sixth game, he became the first pitcher in World Series history to commit a balk. In the seventh inning, he was starting his windup when the ball dropped from his hand. \"Too much spit on it\", he said later. Then a grounder hit by Yankee", "id": "6186790" }, { "contents": "Tommy John\n\n\nAngeles Dodgers for mercurial slugger Dick Allen that began a skein of John's most famous years, first with the Dodgers and subsequently with the New York Yankees, where he posted a pair of 20-win seasons and was twice an All-Star. John was also named an All-Star in with the White Sox and with LA. He played in all three Yankees vs. Dodgers World Series of his era (1977, 1978 and 1981), having switched over to the Yankees by the time the Dodgers won the Series in 1981", "id": "13363852" }, { "contents": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\nDodgers proceeded to win the pennant in three of the next four years. The 1963 World Series was a four-game sweep of the Yankees, in which the Dodgers were so dominant that the vaunted Bronx Bombers never even took a lead against Koufax, Podres, and Drysdale. After an injury-plagued 1964, the Dodgers bounced back to win the 1965 World Series in a seven games against the Minnesota Twins. Game one happened to fall on the Yom Kippur holiday, and Koufax (who is Jewish) refused to pitch", "id": "4928520" }, { "contents": "Johnny Mize\n\n\nvaluable contributor to their winning five consecutive American League pennants and World Series titles. Despite spending part of the 1950 season on minor league rehab, he hit 25 home runs to become the second player to have a 25-home run season in both leagues. In the 1952 World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers, he hit three home runs, one as a pinch-hitter, and was robbed of a fourth by Dodger right fielder Carl Furillo, who made a leaping catch above the fence in the 11th inning to preserve a win for", "id": "16827538" }, { "contents": "1978 World Series\n\n\nYork Yankees (A.L.) over Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) This Series is tied with the 1980 World Series for the highest overall television ratings to date, with the six games averaging a Nielsen rating of 32.8 and a share of 56. The Yankees became the last repeat World Champions until fifteen years later (–; Toronto Blue Jays). This would be the last time the Yankees would win a World Series until . The Dodgers would go on to win the World Series in , against the Yankees in the same way", "id": "783234" }, { "contents": "2015 World Series\n\n\nLos Angeles Dodgers in the 2015 NL Division Series, winning in five games. In the 2015 NLCS, Daniel Murphy led the team by hitting home runs in each game of the four-game sweep of the Chicago Cubs. By winning the NLCS, the Mets ensured that they have the most World Series appearances by an expansion franchise with five. In addition, the Mets have made World Series appearances in all but one of their six decades of existence, not appearing in any that were played during the 1990s. This was", "id": "2699550" }, { "contents": "Terry Forster\n\n\nfor the Dodgers' postseason run in 1981, which culminated in him winning a World Series ring after the Dodgers defeated the Yankees in the 1981 World Series. Fully healthy in 1982, he pitched well coming out of the bullpen. On October 3, 1982, in the last regular season game started by Dodgers ace Fernando Valenzuela, Forster yielded a seventh-inning, three-run homer to the San Francisco Giants' Joe Morgan which proved to be the winning margin in a 5-3 Giants win. The loss by", "id": "1457575" }, { "contents": "1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season\n\n\nIn 1955, the Brooklyn Dodgers finally fulfilled the promise of many previous Dodger teams. Although the club had won several pennants in the past, and had won as many as 105 games in 1953, it had never won a World Series. This team finished 13.5 games ahead in the National League pennant race, leading the league in both runs scored and fewest runs allowed. In the 1955 World Series, they finally beat their crosstown rivals, the New York Yankees. It was the Dodgers first and only World Series championship won", "id": "5917235" }, { "contents": "Brooklyn Dodgers: Ghosts of Flatbush\n\n\nand with the perennial \"wait until next year\" attitude of both players and fans associated with the Dodgers' repeated inability to defeat the \"upper class\" New York Yankees for the World Series title, despite winning several pennants. The Brooklyn players, many of whom lived within and held off-season jobs in the community, were identified with the working-class people. The film portrays the countless agonies, defeats, prayers and tension leading finally to the World Series title in 1955. President and general manager Branch Rickey", "id": "20350110" }, { "contents": "World Series\n\n\nleagues, having previously won in 1975 and 1976 with the Cincinnati Reds. 1987: Twins First World Series Champion to Win Every Home Game The 1987 Minnesota Twins became the 1st team in the history of the World Series to win the championship by winning all 4 games they hosted when they defeated the St. Louis Cardinals. They repeated this 4 years later in 1991 when they defeated the Atlanta Braves. The 1988 World Series is remembered for the iconic home run by the Los Angeles Dodgers' Kirk Gibson with two outs in the bottom", "id": "14075423" }, { "contents": "World Series\n\n\nDodgers and New York Giants took their long-time rivalry to the west coast, moving to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively, bringing Major League Baseball west of St. Louis and Kansas City. The Dodgers were the first of the two clubs to contest a World Series on the west coast, defeating the Chicago White Sox in 1959. The 1962 Giants made the first California World Series appearance of that franchise, losing to the Yankees. The Dodgers made three World Series appearances in the 1960s: a 1963 win over the", "id": "14075411" }, { "contents": "1988 Los Angeles Dodgers season\n\n\n\" The Dodgers faced the New York Mets in the LCS. The Mets had dominated the Dodgers during the regular season, winning 10 out of 11 meetings and were heavy favorites going into the series. But the Dodgers, led by series MVP Orel Hershiser (who pitched a complete game shutout in game 7) won the series 4 games to 3. The Dodgers were again heavy underdogs in the World Series against the Oakland Athletics, led by sluggers Mark McGwire and José Canseco. However, the Dodgers won the series in five", "id": "19859066" }, { "contents": "1980 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\n\nto win a Series. The 1980 World Series was the first World Series to be played entirely on artificial turf. Prior to 1980, the Phillies hadn't won a World Series game since Game 1 of the 1915 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. The series offered many intriguing storylines. Phillies pitcher Bob Walk became the first rookie to start the first game of a World Series since Joe Black of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1952. The 1980 World Series was the first of numerous World Series that journeyman outfielder Lonnie Smith (", "id": "8679871" }, { "contents": "World Series\n\n\nYankees, a 1965 win over the Minnesota Twins and a 1966 loss to the Baltimore Orioles. In 1968, the Kansas City Athletics relocated to Oakland and the following year 1969, the National League granted a franchise to San Diego as the San Diego Padres. The A's became a powerful dynasty, winning three consecutive World Series from 1972–1974. In 1974, the A's played the Dodgers in the first all-California World Series. The Padres have two World Series appearances (a 1984 loss to the Detroit Tigers, and", "id": "14075412" }, { "contents": "Jim Rooker\n\n\nSeries against the Los Angeles Dodgers. He gave up two runs in 7 innings but was not involved in the decision; the Dodgers won the game, then went on to win the Series. In Rooker went 13–11 with a 2.97 ERA as the Pirates won the NL East title again; once again, however, the Pirates were defeated in the NLCS, this time by the eventual World Champion Cincinnati Reds. In Game Two of that Series Rooker gave up four runs in as many innings, including a two-run home", "id": "6511580" }, { "contents": "Jim Palmer\n\n\nAthletics to clinch the AL pennant. In Game 2 of that World Series at Dodger Stadium, he became the youngest pitcher (20 years, 11 months) to win a complete-game, World Series shutout, defeating the defending world champion Los Angeles Dodgers, 6–0. The underdog Orioles swept the series over a Los Angeles team that featured Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale, and Claude Osteen. The shutout was part of a World Series record-setting consecutive shutout innings by Orioles pitchers. The Dodgers' last run was against", "id": "10332633" }, { "contents": "Chuck Dressen\n\n\nwas fired. His Senators won only 116 of 328 games — a winning percentage of .354. The team's next winning season would have to wait until , after the franchise had become the Minnesota Twins. After leaving Washington, Dressen rejoined the newly relocated Los Angeles Dodgers to serve as a coach under Alston in and . When the 1959 Dodgers won the World Series, Dressen was in demand as a manager once again. The Dodgers' then-archrivals, the Milwaukee Braves, were seeking to replace Fred Haney, their veteran", "id": "16896462" }, { "contents": "1978 Los Angeles Dodgers season\n\n\nThe 1978 season ended with the Los Angeles Dodgers winning their second straight National League pennant and losing to the New York Yankees in the World Series again. Dodger coach Jim Gilliam died at the end of the season and his uniform number, 19, was retired by the team prior to Game 1 of the World Series; the team also wore a black memorial patch with Gilliam's number during the World Series. Unlike the previous Dodger team, no member of the team hit 30 home runs after seeing four members hit that mark", "id": "22056791" }, { "contents": "Kirk Gibson's 1988 World Series home run\n\n\nKirk Gibson's 1988 World Series home run occurred in Game 1 of the 1988 World Series, on October 15, , at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. Gibson, pinch hitting for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the bottom of the ninth inning, with injuries to both legs, hit a two-run walk-off home run off the Oakland Athletics' Dennis Eckersley that won Game 1 for the Dodgers by a score of 5–4. After winning the National League West division, the Dodgers were considered the underdogs throughout the 1988", "id": "5722816" }, { "contents": "Rick Sutcliffe\n\n\nwas 1979. He won 17 games for the Los Angeles Dodgers and was the first of four consecutive Rookies of the Year for the Dodgers from 1979– (Steve Howe, Fernando Valenzuela, and Steve Sax were the others). While Sutcliffe did not appear on the Dodgers' roster for their 1981 World Series championship run, he was awarded a World Series ring by the team. The Dodgers traded Sutcliffe to the Cleveland Indians for Jorge Orta, a journeyman outfielder on December 9, 1981. Sutcliffe won 31 games over the", "id": "9546493" }, { "contents": "1941 World Series\n\n\none win away from another championship. The Yankees were back after a one-year hiatus, having won 13 of their last 14 Series games and 28 of their last 31. This was the first Subway Series between the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees (though the Yankees had already faced the crosstown New York Giants five times). These two teams would meet a total of seven times from 1941 to 1956 — the Dodgers' only victory coming in 1955 — with an additional four matchups after the Dodgers left for Los Angeles", "id": "14220518" }, { "contents": "Freeway Series\n\n\nbig fan of Angels manager Mike Scioscia. Daly attended Game 7 and sat near the Angels dugout, as a fan of late Angels owner Gene Autry. This series was the Angels first championship, while the Dodgers' last title came in the 1988 World Series and appearance was 2018. History was made in when two MVPs were chosen from the same metropolitan area with the Angels outfielder Mike Trout winning the American League MVP and Dodger pitcher Clayton Kershaw winning National League MVP for the year. As of , the two sides have never", "id": "17941188" }, { "contents": "1978 World Series\n\n\n. In a repeat of the 1977 playoffs the Yankees again dispatched the Kansas City Royals, this time three games to one as the Dodgers did the same to the Philadelphia Phillies by the same margin. After losing the first two games of the World Series, the Yankees would become the first team ever to come back to win the Series in six. The Dodgers would duplicate that feat against the Yankees in the 1981 World Series. With Yankee ace Ron Guidry unavailable at least until Game 3, the Dodgers pounded twenty-game", "id": "783214" }, { "contents": "1988 World Series\n\n\nRick Dempsey, filling in for an injured Mike Scioscia, added an RBI double in the sixth. The Dodger pitching tamed Oakland monsters José Canseco (one hit, his grand slam in Game 1) and Mark McGwire (one hit and one RBI, which came in Game 3) for the entire series. The Dodgers became the first (and so far only) team to have a perfect game pitched against them and win a World Series in the same season. Tom Browning of the Cincinnati Reds pitched that perfect game on", "id": "387622" }, { "contents": "2017 National League Championship Series\n\n\nwas the Cubs' third consecutive appearance in the NLCS. In 2015, they were swept in four games by the New York Mets. In 2016, they defeated the Dodgers (4–2) in six games, eventually going on to win their first World Series since 1908. This was the third postseason meeting between the Cubs and Dodgers. The clubs have split their two previous postseason meetings. Los Angeles swept Chicago in the 2008 NLDS (3–0) and the Cubs defeated the Dodgers in the 2016 NLCS in six games (4–2", "id": "14892044" }, { "contents": "1963 World Series\n\n\nTom Tresh also topped the 20 home run mark. Their pitching was anchored by Whitey Ford (24 wins, 2.74 ERA) and Jim Bouton (21 wins, 2.53 ERA). The Dodgers' road to the World Series was much more challenging. After blowing a four-game lead with seven to play in 1962, the Dodgers again built a lead in 1963. On August 21, the Dodgers beat the Cardinals 2–1 in 16 innings to take a game lead. When they went to St. Louis for a three-", "id": "14220685" }, { "contents": "Gil Hodges\n\n\nperformances in years in which the Dodgers failed to win the pennant, he was nevertheless a significant contributor for the Dodgers in the seasons in which they did win pennants, as well. His contributions to the Dodgers' successful 1949, 1953, 1955 and 1959 campaigns are particularly noteworthy. With regard to Hodges' 1952 World Series slump, several Hall of Fame honorees, among them Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Stan Musial and Ted Williams, also endured severe batting slumps in World Series play. More to the point, Hodges", "id": "17989959" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\nWorld Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season. The Brooklyn Dodgers and Los Angeles Dodgers have collectively appeared in the World Series 20 times, while the New York Giants and San Francisco Giants have also collectively appeared 20 times. The Giants have won two more World Series (8); the Dodgers and Giants", "id": "18487690" }, { "contents": "1957 World Series\n\n\nThe 1957 World Series featured the defending champions, the New York Yankees (American League), playing against the Milwaukee Braves (National League). After finishing just one game behind the N.L. Champion Brooklyn Dodgers in 1956, the Braves came back in 1957 to win their first pennant since moving from Boston in 1953. The Braves won the Series in seven games, behind Lew Burdette's three complete game victories. The Braves would be the only team besides the Yankees, Dodgers, or Giants to win a World Series title in", "id": "14221375" }, { "contents": "Pee Wee Reese\n\n\ndistinction of playing on the most losing World Series teams (six each). Reese's only World Series win as a player, with the Dodgers in the 1955 World Series, occurred against Howard's New York Yankees during Howard's first World Series. No other non-Yankee ballplayer has appeared in that many World Series for the same team. Following his retirement as a player, Reese enjoyed considerable success as a baseball play-by-play announcer. He called \"Game of the Week\" telecasts on CBS from 1960", "id": "18283649" }, { "contents": "1981 World Series\n\n\ntwo innings, but closer Gossage never got in the game. Jackson brought the Yankees closer with a home run in the eighth off lefty Steve Howe, capping a 3-for-3 day. But Howe was able to close out the win, despite Willie Randolph pinning Dodger centerfielder Derrell Thomas against the centerfield wall with a deep fly ball. The series was now tied 2–2. According to Johnstone's book \"Temporary Insanity\" (1985), Steinbrenner confronted Davis in the Yankees' locker room after the game and demanded, \"Why did", "id": "387482" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\nstyle of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory against the Yankees, and their first against them as a Los Angeles team. The Dodgers won four more pennants in 1966, 1974, 1977 and 1978, but lost in each World Series appearance. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981,", "id": "18487688" }, { "contents": "1949 World Series\n\n\nThe 1949 World Series featured the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games for their second defeat of the Dodgers in three years, and the twelfth championship in team history. This victory would start a record run of five consecutive World Series championships by the Yankees, and was also the first of 14 AL pennants in 16 years (1949–1964 except for 1954 and 1959) for the Yankees. Both teams finished the regular season with exactly the same records and winning their respective leagues by exactly one", "id": "14221302" }, { "contents": "Clem Labine\n\n\nClement Walter Labine (August 6, 1926 – March 2, 2007) was an American right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball best known for his years with the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1950 to 1960. As a key member of the Dodgers in the early 1950s, he helped the team to its first World Series title in 1955 with a win and a save in four games. He is one of six players in MLB history to have won back-to back World Series championships on different teams,", "id": "12098146" }, { "contents": "Kirk Gibson\n\n\nhit a two-out three-run homer in the fifth; the Dodgers ended up winning the game 7–4. Nonetheless, his LCS heroics served as but a prelude to the career-defining moment that awaited him in the subsequent World Series. Gibson is perhaps best known for his one and only plate appearance in the 1988 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. Having injured both legs during the NLCS, Gibson was not expected to play at all. In Game 1, however, with the Dodgers trailing by a score of", "id": "12157784" }, { "contents": "List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers\n\n\n. The Cardinals won the series in two games and went on to win the 1946 World Series, one of four winners who have gone on to win the World Series. Three games have gone into extra innings: the decisive second game of the 1959 series, the 2007 Wild Card , and the 2009 game. The 2008 , a 1–0 victory for the White Sox, was the lowest scoring game, while the 2007 match-up with 17 total runs was the highest scoring. The Dodgers franchise has participated in six ,", "id": "11294686" }, { "contents": "1959 World Series\n\n\nfrom the Cardinals and have the Dodgers and Braves both lose to force a three-way tie. But the Dodgers won in Chicago 7–1 and the Braves won at home against the Phillies 5–2; this made the fact that the Giants lost both games of their doubleheader irrelevant. In Game 1 of the best-of-three playoff in Milwaukee, the Dodgers took a 3–2 lead in the top of the sixth inning. Dodger reliever Larry Sherry then retired 12 of the last 13 Braves hitters to secure the win. Games 2", "id": "14220808" }, { "contents": "2017 World Series\n\n\n's All-Star Game, when it was awarded to the team from the winning league. The Dodgers earned home-field advantage over the Astros. The series was played in a 2–3–2 format, with the Dodgers hosting Games 1, 2, 6, and 7; and the Astros hosting Games 3, 4, and 5. This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route", "id": "19547505" }, { "contents": "1988 World Series\n\n\nThe 1988 World Series was the 85th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series, and the conclusion of the 1988 Major League Baseball season. It was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Oakland Athletics and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers, with the Dodgers upsetting the heavily favored Athletics to win the Series in five games. It is best known for the pinch-hit walk-off home run hit by Dodgers outfielder and 1988 NL MVP Kirk Gibson,", "id": "387588" }, { "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season\n\n\nThe 1956 Brooklyn Dodgers edged out the Milwaukee Braves to win the National League title. The Dodgers again faced the New York Yankees in the World Series. This time they lost the series in seven games, one of which was a perfect game by the Yankees' Don Larsen. Don Newcombe won the NL MVP award and the very first Cy Young Award. He was the first pitcher to win the National League MVP and the Cy Young Award in the same season. During the season, the Dodgers played seven home games at", "id": "3073320" }, { "contents": "John Roseboro\n\n\n, with the team having moved to Los Angeles, Roseboro hit for a .271 batting average along with 14 home runs and 43 runs batted in. He was also named as a reserve player for the National League in the 1958 All-Star game. In 1959, Roseboro led the league's catchers in putouts and in baserunners caught stealing, helping the Dodgers win the National League Pennant. The Dodgers went on to win the 1959 World Series, defeating the Chicago White Sox in six games. After having a below par season", "id": "21150693" }, { "contents": "Mike Scioscia\n\n\nSeries. With the Dodgers going on to win that game in extra innings, Scioscia's blast (which came after he had hit only three home runs that entire season) proved crucial to the Dodgers' ultimately prevailing in that series. Scioscia was a key player on the Dodgers' 1981 and 1988 World Series champion teams, and is the Dodgers' all-time leader in games caught (1,395). In 1990, Scioscia became the first Dodger catcher to start in an All-Star Game since Hall of Famer Roy", "id": "20587923" }, { "contents": "1965 World Series\n\n\nfirst black World Series game-winner for an American League team, and just the seventh pitcher to homer in a World Series game. The Dodgers had scored their runs on a Ron Fairly homer and a Maury Wills bunt single that scored Lefebvre. Grant received the win while Drysdale took the loss. In the postgame news conference, a reporter jokingly said to Dodger manager Walter Alston, \"I bet you wish Drysdale was Jewish too.\" In Game 2, the Twins this time got to Dodger ace Sandy Koufax. Minnesota", "id": "14220625" }, { "contents": "Steve Howe (baseball)\n\n\nwere the others). He saved 17 games during his ROY season, establishing a new rookie record. The following year, Howe helped the Dodgers win the World Series against the New York Yankees. Howe's career was plagued by alcohol and cocaine abuse; he first checked himself into a substance abuse clinic in , but a relapse resulted in him being suspended for the entire season. Over the course of his 17-year career, Howe would be suspended seven times. After briefly pitching for the Minnesota Twins and Texas Rangers and being", "id": "20229864" }, { "contents": "1965 World Series\n\n\n, the Dodgers went on a 13-game winning streak over the final two weeks of the season to clinch the pennant on the next to last day of the season over the second place rival Giants. During the 1965 season, the Dodgers relied heavily on the arms of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, and would rely on them even more in the World Series, as the Dodgers only used seven pitchers. The Dodgers' strong core of pitchers, which also included Claude Osteen and Ron Perranoski, kept them in the pennant race and", "id": "14220616" }, { "contents": "Jim Gilliam\n\n\nthis time batting right-handed, in the 11–7 loss in Game 5. In Game 3 of the 1955 World Series, he drew a walk with the bases loaded in the second inning to give the Dodgers the lead for good, and he drove in the first run of the 8–5 Game 4 win; the Dodgers won in seven games for their first Series championship. In the 1956 World Series, he walked with one out in the tenth inning of Game 6 and scored on a single by Robinson to give the Dodgers", "id": "12670918" }, { "contents": "1916 World Series\n\n\n2018 World Series, 60 years after the Dodgers relocated to Los Angeles. The record for most innings played in a World Series game, set by Game 2 in 1916, at 14, was broken by Game 3 in 2018, at 18. Just like their first matchup in the World Series, the Red Sox would eventually go on to defeat the Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. Until the ninth, Boston starter Ernie Shore was in control. Holding a comfortable 6-1 lead, a", "id": "14221415" }, { "contents": "2018 World Series\n\n\nThe 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in 15 years dating back to , and their ninth in franchise history. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins", "id": "1138606" }, { "contents": "1981 World Series\n\n\nThe 1981 World Series was the championship series of the 1981 MLB season. It matched the New York Yankees against the Los Angeles Dodgers, marking their third meeting in the Series in five years as well as a record eleventh Series meeting overall and last Series meeting to date. The Dodgers won the Series in six games in a mirror image of the two teams' last Series meeting in , for their first title since and their first victory over the Yankees since and third World Series win over the Yankees, overall. This is", "id": "387461" }, { "contents": "1955 World Series\n\n\nEddie Robinson's RBI single cut the Dodgers' lead to 7–5, but the Dodgers added a run in the seventh on three consecutive leadoff singles by Campanella, Carl Furillo and Gil Hodges off Rip Coleman. Labine earned the win with 4 1/3 innings to close as the Dodgers tied the series with an 8–5 win. Sunday, October 2, 1955, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York In Game 5, Sandy Amoros's two-run home in the second off Bob Grim put the Dodgers up 2–0. Next inning", "id": "14221368" }, { "contents": "1959 World Series\n\n\nHowever, Bobby Richardson would break the record for RBIs in a World Series, regardless of length, the next year with 12 against the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1960 World Series.) The Dodgers became the second National League team to win a World Series after relocating (the 1957 Milwaukee Braves being the first). The Dodgers became the first team to go from 7th place in one season to World Champion the next. The 1959 World Series was the last one for Comiskey Park, and the only one for Los Angeles Memorial", "id": "14220827" }, { "contents": "1941 Brooklyn Dodgers season\n\n\n1941 World Series matched the New York Yankees against the Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games to capture their fifth title in six years, and their ninth overall. The name \"Subway Series\" arose for a World Series played between two New York City teams. The series was punctuated by the Dodgers' Mickey Owen's dropped third strike of a sharply breaking curveball (a suspected spitball) pitched by Hugh Casey to Tommy Henrich in the 9th inning of Game 4. The play led to a Yankees rally and brought", "id": "5398124" }, { "contents": "1941 Brooklyn Dodgers season\n\n\nthem one win away from another championship. The Yankees were back after a one-year hiatus, having won thirteen (13) of their last fourteen (14) Series games and twenty-eight (28) of their last thirty-one (31) games in the World Series. This was the first Subway Series between the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees, who had already faced the crosstown New York Giants five times, and the Series was now 1–0 in favor of the Bronx Bombers. These two teams would", "id": "5398125" }, { "contents": "2004 National League Division Series\n\n\nFinley. Then Shawn Green followed with a leadoff homer in the fourth. Lima would keep the Cardinals silent all night and Green would homer once again in the sixth to make it 4–0. Lima would pitch a complete-game five-hit shutout to give the Dodgers their first postseason win since the clinching Game 5 of the 1988 World Series. Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California All the momentum the Dodgers might have had disappeared in Game 4. Jeff Suppan faced Odalis Pérez and Jayson Werth struck first against Suppan with a", "id": "8484747" }, { "contents": "2018 World Series\n\n\nand 41 minutes, and breaking the record (in innings) first set in Game 2 of the 1916 World Series, when the Red Sox and Dodgers (then known as the Robins) played 14 innings. Muncy tied the record for latest (18th inning) walk-off hit in postseason history, equalling Chris Burke in Game 4 of the 2005 National League Division Series. It was also the Dodgers' first game-winning World Series home run since Kirk Gibson in Game 1 of the 1988 World Series. The game", "id": "1138627" }, { "contents": "Don Hoak\n\n\nbased almost solely on his glove, speed on the bases and tenacity. In 1954, his patience was rewarded by a spot on the Brooklyn Dodgers roster. During his two seasons with the Dodgers, Hoak shared third base duties with Jackie Robinson and Billy Cox. In 1955, the Dodgers defeated the New York Yankees in the World Series to win their only championship in Brooklyn. Hoak played third base in place of Robinson in the seventh and deciding game of that Series—the only World Series game Robinson did not play in", "id": "17120841" }, { "contents": "Long Island\n\n\nLos Angeles Dodgers. The Dodgers won several National League pennants in the 1940s and 1950s, losing several times in the World Series—often called \"Subway Series\"—to their Bronx rivals, the New York Yankees. The Dodgers won their lone championship in Brooklyn in the 1955 World Series versus the Yankees. Despite this success during the latter part of the team's stay in Brooklyn, they were a second-division team with an unspectacular winning record for much of their history there – but nonetheless became legendary for the almost-fanatical devotion", "id": "18666011" }, { "contents": "Dodgers–Yankees rivalry\n\n\nwinning hit of the series-clinching game off of Clem Labine. Brooklyn signed Jackie Robinson to not only break the color line, but to bolster the lineup. Robinson, along with outfielder Duke Snider and pitcher Don Newcombe, sparked Brooklyn to four National League pennants between 1947 and 1953. Each and every time during this period, however, the World Series ended in heartbreak for the Dodgers and gave the Dodger fans their rallying cry: \"Wait 'til \"next\" year!\" During the 1953 World Series, long", "id": "20169468" }, { "contents": "John Roseboro\n\n\nthe series as, the Dodgers went on to win the world championship in seven games. The Dodgers' pitching staff continued to lead the league in earned run average in 1966 as they battled with the San Francisco Giants and the Pittsburgh Pirates in a tight pennant race. The Dodgers eventually prevailed to win the National League Pennant for a second consecutive year. Roseboro led the league with a career-high 903 putouts and finished second to Joe Torre in fielding percentage to win his second Gold Glove Award. The Dodgers would eventually lose", "id": "21150706" }, { "contents": "Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\nUnited States. Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings, the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since . They would not play each other in a non-exhibition game until 2004, when they played a three-game interleague series. Their last meeting was in September 2016, when the Dodgers won two out of three games in New York. The Dodgers have a loyal fanbase, evidenced by the fact that the Dodgers were the first MLB team to attract more", "id": "18487725" }, { "contents": "1988 World Series\n\n\nwho along with Marv Albert, hosted NBC's World Series pregame coverage and handled postgame interviews made on-air statements that enraged many in the Dodgers' clubhouse (especially manager Tommy Lasorda). Costas said that the 1988 Dodgers possibly had the weakest hitting line-up in World Series history. After the Dodgers won Game 4, Lasorda (during a postgame interview with Marv Albert) sarcastically said that the MVP of the World Series should be Bob Costas. On the radio side, Jack Buck and Bill White provided commentary for", "id": "387626" }, { "contents": "Johnny Podres\n\n\nand shutouts in 1957, and in winning percentage in 1961. He was of Lithuanian-Polish descent. Podres helped the Dodgers win World Series championships in 1955, 1959, 1963 and 1965, although he did not actually pitch in the 1965 World Series. In the 1955 series, after the Dodgers lost the first two games to the New York Yankees, Podres pitched a complete game, seven-hit victory on his 23rd birthday in Game 3. In the climactic Game 7, Podres pitched a 2–0 shutout to bring Brooklyn", "id": "9496307" }, { "contents": "2017 World Series\n\n\nthe Dodgers won the game to even up the series. The Astros had two hits in the game; both were home runs. This was the first game in World Series history where both starting pitchers allowed four or fewer baserunners. After Game 4, both teams' pitching coaches, Rick Honeycutt for the Dodgers and Brent Strom for the Astros, commented on how the baseball being used for the World Series is slicker than the baseball used during the regular season. Pitchers on both teams noted that this difference has made it more", "id": "19547523" }, { "contents": "Burt Hooton\n\n\none unearned run before leaving in the eighth inning with a 3–1 lead; the Dodgers went on to a 7–1 win, and won Game 5 to advance to the World Series, again meeting the Yankees. Hooton was named the NLCS MVP for his two wins and perfect 0.00 ERA. He started Game 2 of the World Series, but took a tough loss after leaving the game in the seventh inning, behind 1–0 on an unearned run; the Yankees went on to win 3–0 behind the pitching of his former Dodger teammate Tommy", "id": "20586971" }, { "contents": "Lew Riggs\n\n\nLewis Sidney Riggs (April 22, 1910 – August 12, 1975) born in Caswell County, North Carolina was a third baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals (1934), Cincinnati Reds (1935–40) and Brooklyn Dodgers (1941–42 and 1946). He helped the Cardinals win the 1934 World Series, the Reds win the 1939 National League pennant and 1940 World Series and the Dodgers win the 1941 NL pennant. He was named to the 1936 National League All-Star team. His eighth-inning pinch single off Red", "id": "21745317" }, { "contents": "1965 Los Angeles Dodgers season\n\n\nThe 1965 Los Angeles Dodgers finished the regular-season with a 97–65 record, which earned them the NL pennant by two games over their arch-rivals, the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers went on to win the World Series in seven games over the Minnesota Twins. The Dodgers won the World Series in 1963, but injuries and poor play saw them fall to 6th place in 1964. Despite their weak offense and the trade of power hitting Frank Howard for Claude Osteen during the off season, they were expected to contend", "id": "22215586" }, { "contents": "1959 World Series\n\n\nof to win another pennant. The Dodgers won their first pennant since moving from Brooklyn in 1958 by defeating the Milwaukee Braves, 2–0, in a best-of-three-games pennant playoff. It was the Dodgers' second World Series victory in five years, their first in Los Angeles, and marked the first championship for a West Coast team. It was the first World Series in which no pitcher for either side pitched a complete game. As Vin Scully remarked in his narration for the official World Series film,", "id": "14220805" }, { "contents": "1980 National League West tie-breaker game\n\n\nthe postseason. The Dodgers won the first half and the Astros the second and so met in the first National League Division Series. The Dodgers won, and went on to win the 1981 World Series. The Astros did not return to the NLCS until 1986 and did not win a NL pennant until 2005, leading to a loss in the 2005 World Series. In baseball statistics, tie-breakers count as regular season games, with all events in them added to regular season statistics. Niekro, for example, reached his", "id": "2586920" }, { "contents": "2008 World Series\n\n\nfirst postseason series lost by an MLB team based in the state of Florida; previously, the Rays and Florida Marlins were 8–0 in post-season series. Additionally, both the Phillies' World Series wins have come against a team making their World Series debut (in 1980, they beat the Kansas City Royals). The Phillies advanced to the World Series after defeating the Milwaukee Brewers and the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NL's Divisional Series and Championship Series, respectively. The team won its position in the playoffs after its", "id": "21507694" }, { "contents": "2008 Los Angeles Dodgers season\n\n\nThe 2008 Los Angeles Dodgers season featured the Dodgers celebrating their Golden Anniversary in Southern California under new manager Joe Torre as they won the National League West for the first time since 2004, and returned to the postseason after missing the playoffs in 2007. They swept the Chicago Cubs in the NLDS to advance to the NLCS. It was their first playoff series win since 1988 when they went on to win the World Series. However, they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in five games in the NLCS. \"Note: G =", "id": "13955757" }, { "contents": "1988 Major League Baseball season\n\n\nThe 1988 Major League Baseball season ended with the underdog Los Angeles Dodgers shocking the Oakland Athletics, who had won 104 games during the regular season, in the World Series. The most memorable moment of the series came in Game 1, when injured Dodger Kirk Gibson hit a dramatic pinch-hit walk-off home run off Athletics closer Dennis Eckersley to win the game for Los Angeles. The Dodgers went on to win the Series in five games. One of the American League's best players in 1988 was Athletics outfielder José", "id": "10961467" }, { "contents": "1941 World Series\n\n\nThe 1941 World Series matched the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games to capture their fifth title in six years, and their ninth overall. The name \"Subway Series\" arose for a World Series played between two New York City teams. The series was punctuated by the Dodgers' Mickey Owen's dropped third strike of a sharply breaking curveball (a suspected spitball) pitched by Hugh Casey in the ninth inning of Game 4. The play led to a Yankees rally and brought them", "id": "14220517" }, { "contents": "1977 World Series\n\n\nThe 1977 World Series was the 74th edition of Major League Baseball's (MLB) championship series. The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the New York Yankees, champions of the American League (AL) and defending American League champions, and the Los Angeles Dodgers, champions of the National League (NL). The Yankees defeated the Dodgers, four games to two, to win the franchise's 21st World Series championship, their first since 1962, and the first under the ownership of George Steinbrenner. The", "id": "783326" }, { "contents": "Dave Roberts (outfielder)\n\n\nIn 2017, Roberts led the Dodgers back to the playoffs, where they defeated the Chicago Cubs in five games in the 2017 NLCS. Roberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager. The Dodgers faced the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, where they were defeated in seven games. In 2018, the Dodgers got off to a rocky start at the beginning of the season with a 16–26 record, but rebounded to win the NL West, finishing", "id": "19752896" }, { "contents": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\non that day, a decision for which he was widely praised. The Dodgers rebounded from losing the first two games, with Koufax pitching shutouts in Games five and seven (with only two days rest in between) to win the crown and the World Series MVP Award. The Dodgers again won the pennant in 1966, but the team was running out of gas, and it was swept in the World Series by the upstart Baltimore Orioles. Koufax retired that winter, with his career cut short by arthritis in the elbow of", "id": "4928521" }, { "contents": "Major League Baseball collusion\n\n\n\". After the 1918 season, owners released all their players – terminating the non-guaranteed contracts, with a \"gentleman's agreement\" not to sign each other's players, as a means of forcing down player salaries. Before the 1966 season, Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale decided to hold joint negotiations with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Koufax and Drysdale were the team's star pitchers who had helped the Dodgers win the 1965 World Series. The Dodgers needed them if they were to have any chance of returning to the", "id": "8305547" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cartography\n\n\nof this kind of map would be a municipal utility map. A topographic map is primarily concerned with the topographic description of a place, including (especially in the 20th and 21st centuries) the use of contour lines showing elevation. Terrain or relief can be shown in a variety of ways (see Cartographic relief depiction). In the present era, one of the most widespread and advanced methods used to form topographic maps is to use computer software to generate digital elevation models which show shaded relief. Before such software existed,", "id": "7538222" }, { "contents": "Topography\n\n\nand uninterpreted. It may contain holes (due to cloud cover for example) or inconsistencies (due to the timing of specific image captures). Most modern topographic mapping includes a large component of remotely sensed data in its compilation process. In its contemporary definition, topographic mapping shows relief. In the United States, USGS topographic maps show relief using contour lines. The USGS calls maps based on topographic surveys, but without contours, \"planimetric maps.\" These maps show not only the contours, but also any significant streams", "id": "1989672" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n\"topographic\". The study or discipline of topography is a much broader field of study, which takes into account all natural and man-made features of terrain. Topographic maps are based on topographical surveys. Performed at large scales, these surveys are called topographical in the old sense of topography, showing a variety of elevations and landforms. This is in contrast to older cadastral surveys, which primarily show property and governmental boundaries. The first multi-sheet topographic map series of an entire country, the \"Carte géométrique de", "id": "20647616" }, { "contents": "Geographic information system\n\n\ndatabase information can be generated for further analysis or use. An example would be a list of all addresses within one mile (1.6 km) of a toxic spill. Traditional maps are abstractions of the real world, a sampling of important elements portrayed on a sheet of paper with symbols to represent physical objects. People who use maps must interpret these symbols. Topographic maps show the shape of land surface with contour lines or with shaded relief. Today, graphic display techniques such as shading based on altitude in a GIS can make", "id": "12022282" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nIn modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A contour line is a line connecting places of equal elevation. Natural Resources Canada provides this description of topographic", "id": "20647614" }, { "contents": "Cerebral cortex\n\n\nthe left limbs, and the right visual cortex receives information from the left visual field. The organization of sensory maps in the cortex reflects that of the corresponding sensing organ, in what is known as a topographic map. Neighboring points in the primary visual cortex, for example, correspond to neighboring points in the retina. This topographic map is called a retinotopic map. In the same way, there exists a tonotopic map in the primary auditory cortex and a somatotopic map in the primary sensory cortex. This last topographic map of", "id": "13592695" }, { "contents": "Topographic profile\n\n\nA topographic profile or topographic cut is a representation of the relief of the terrain that is obtained by cutting transversely the lines of a topographic map. Each contour line can be defined as a closed line joining relief points at equal height above sea level. It is usually drawn on the same horizontal scale as the map, but the use of an exaggerated vertical scale is advisable to underline the elements of the relief. This can vary according to the slope and amplitude of the terrestrial relief, but is usually three to five times", "id": "20881364" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nmaps: Other authors define topographic maps by contrasting them with another type of map; they are distinguished from smaller-scale \"chorographic maps\" that cover large regions, \"planimetric maps\" that do not show elevations, and \"thematic maps\" that focus on specific topics. However, in the vernacular and day to day world, the representation of relief (contours) is popularly held to define the genre, such that even small-scale maps showing relief are commonly (and erroneously, in the technical sense) called", "id": "20647615" }, { "contents": "Topographic profile\n\n\nOne of the most important applications of the topographic profiles is in the construction of works of great length and small width, for example roads, sewers or pipelines. Sometimes topographical profiles appear in printed maps, such as those designed for navigation routes, excavations and especially for geological maps, where they are used to show the internal structure of the rocks that populate a territory. People who study natural resources such as geologists, geomorphologists, soil scientists and vegetation scholars, among others, build profiles to observe the relationship of natural resources", "id": "20881366" }, { "contents": "Madaba Map\n\n\n. The map may partially have served to facilitate pilgrims' orientation in the Holy Land. All landscape units are labelled with explanations in Greek. A combination of folding perspective and aerial view depicts about 150 towns and villages, all of them labelled. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the centre of the map. The mosaic clearly shows a number of significant structures in the Old City of Jerusalem: the Damascus Gate, the Lions' Gate, the Golden Gate, the Zion Gate,", "id": "4368566" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\na classification of roads. These signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. Topographic maps are also commonly called \"contour maps\" or \"topo maps\". In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called \"topo quads\" or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. Contour lines are curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude (isohypse", "id": "20647623" }, { "contents": "Bryan Mountains\n\n\ngeologic map of Yuma County published in 1933, the Bryan's are depicted as including what are now considered the southern third of the Mohawk Mountains to the north of the present-day Bryan's. The map shows a series of outlying hills to the south and southwest as part of the Bryan's as well. For some unexplained reason, the surveyors of the Army Map Service and the USGS eventually depicted a much less expansive version of the range when the first 15-minute topographic maps of the area were produced in the mid-1960s,", "id": "1789676" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n). In other words, every point on the marked line of 100 m elevation is 100 m above mean sea level. These maps usually show not only the contours, but also any significant streams or other bodies of water, forest cover, built-up areas or individual buildings (depending on scale), and other features and points of interest. Today, topographic maps are prepared using photogrammetric interpretation of aerial photography, lidar and other Remote sensing techniques. Older topographic maps were prepared using traditional surveying instruments. The cartographic", "id": "20647624" }, { "contents": "History of cartography\n\n\nforeign peoples, administrative changes and the deeds of historic and legendary heroes. Also in the 17th century, an edition of a possible Tang Dynasty map shows clear topographical contour lines. Although topographic features were part of maps in China for centuries, a Fujian county official Ye Chunji (1532–1595) was the first to base county maps using on-site topographical surveying and observations. The Korean-made Kangnido is based on two Chinese maps and describes the Old World. After the 1949 revolution, the Institute of Geography under the aegis", "id": "41005" }, { "contents": "Bowers Mountains\n\n\nScott on their return from the South Pole in 1912. The mountain range is one of the most extensive topographical features within Victoria Land. The feature was photographed from U.S. Navy aircraft in 1946-47 and 1960–62, and was surveyed and mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 1962-63. The name was amended to Bowers Mountains upon USGS mapping which showed the group to be a major one with peaks rising to nearly 2,600 metres. The major topographical feature lies situated within the Pennell Coast region of Victoria", "id": "14244184" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nthe Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) in Frankfurt am Main. Topographic maps for general use are available at 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 from the \"Hellenic Military Geographical Service (HMGS)\". They use a national projection system called EGSA'87, which is a Transverse Mercatorial Projection mapping Greece in one zone. A few areas are also available at 1:25,000. Some private firms sell topographic maps of national parks based on HMGS topography. The Department of Lands is the government agency responsible for surveying and publishing topographic maps of Hong Kong.", "id": "20647631" }, { "contents": "Orienteering map\n\n\nAn orienteering map is a map specially prepared for use in orienteering competitions. It is a topographic map with extra details to help the competitor navigate through the competition area. These maps are much more detailed than general-purpose topographic maps, and incorporate a standard symbology that is designed to be useful to anyone, regardless of native language. In addition to indicating the topography of the terrain with contour lines, orienteering maps also show forest density, water features, clearings, trails and roads, earthen banks and rock walls, ditches", "id": "21683569" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nIt is reported that these maps are accurate and attractively printed in seven colors, and that successive editions show progressive improvement in accuracy. These large-scale maps are the basis for maps at smaller scales. Maps at scales 1:4,000,000 or smaller are exported by \"Cartographic Publishing House, Beijing\" while larger-scale maps are restricted as state secrets, and prohibited from publishing by legislation, all except Hong Kong and Macau. China's topographic maps follow the international system of subdivision with 1:100,000 maps spanning 30 minutes longitude by 20 minutes", "id": "20647628" }, { "contents": "Mount Passaconaway\n\n\n1931 topographic map shows it as 4,060 feet. The 1987 USGS topographic map indicates it is 4,043, while the elevation recorded in the USGS Geographic Names Information System is 4,019 ft. The thickly wooded, unmarked summit may be approached from trailheads to the north (on the Kancamagus Highway) or from Wonalancet to the south. Old maps show a \"Passaconaway Lodge\" or \"shelter\" on the southeast aspect of the mountain, and the 4,000-footer guidebook mentions that it was built in 1891. It was rebuilt several times, evolving", "id": "15404249" }, { "contents": "Orienteering map\n\n\n. While national mapping agencies update their topographic maps on a regular basis, they are usually not sufficiently up to date for orienteering purposes. Gradually, specially drawn maps have been provided to meet the specific requirements of orienteering. Maps produced specifically for orienteering show a more detailed and up-to-date description of terrain features. For example, large rocks above the soil surface do not normally appear on topographic maps but can be important features on many orienteering maps. New features such as fence lines can be important navigational aids and", "id": "21683573" }, { "contents": "Topographic map (neuroanatomy)\n\n\ndiagram of the somatotopic map is the cortical homunculus. This illustration is a fairly accurate representation of how much cortical area represents each body part or region. It also maps what part of the cortex represents each region of the body. Unlike the topographic maps of the senses, the neurons of the motor cortex are efferent neurons that exit the brain instead of bringing information to the brain through afferent connections. The motor system is responsible for initiating voluntary or planned movements (reflexes are mediated at the spinal cord level, so movements that", "id": "422840" }, { "contents": "Vicmap Topographic Map Series\n\n\nVicmap Topographic Map Series is a series of topographic maps covering the State of Victoria, Australia. Created and maintained by the State of Victoria, the map series is currently in a transition phase, with traditional Vicmap Topographic maps being gradually replaced with a new map series. The traditional set of Vicmap Topographic maps consist of approximately 850 1:25000 and 1:50000 hardcopy topographic map sheets printed and made available for sale to the general public. These map sheets cover 80% of Victoria. Most of the mapsheets are single format at a scale of", "id": "18602107" }, { "contents": "Terrain cartography\n\n\npoints. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical survey maps included contour representation of relief, and so maps that show relief, especially with exact representation of elevation, came to be called topographic maps (or \"topo\" maps) in the United States, and the usage has spread internationally. On maps produced by Swisstopo, the color of the contour lines is used to indicate the type of ground: black for bare rock and scree, blue for ice and underwater contours, brown for earth-covered ground.", "id": "18356762" }, { "contents": "The Defenders (miniseries)\n\n\nregarding which colors come to the foreground and which are seen less on a scene-by-scene basis. The series' title sequence, designed by Elastic, evokes the work that the company did for the series \"True Detective\" by recreating the characters of the show out of elements of its setting: the sequence depicts the four Defenders out of colored topographical maps of New York City, showing the different areas of the city that each of them come from. Clarkson, who also directed for \"Jessica Jones\",", "id": "19033604" }, { "contents": "TopoZone\n\n\nthe partnership said that 300 million maps had been served from 1999 to 2003. TopoZone was one of the first topographic mapping site on the web, providing visitors with free viewing and printing of the full set of United States Geological Survey topographic maps covering the entire United States. The maps are produced by the USGS, which encourages the distribution of their maps through business partners. TopoZone offered aerial photographs from the USGS and street maps from the United States Census Bureau. In 2007 complete coverage of Canada was added, using the topographic", "id": "15566405" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n) in Vienna. The maps are published at scales 1:25,000 1:50,000 1:200,000 and 1:500,000. Maps can also be viewed online. The Centre for Topographic Information produces topographic maps of Canada at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:250,000. They are known as the National Topographic System (NTS). A government proposal to discontinue publishing of all hardcopy or paper topographic maps in favor of digital-only mapping data was shelved in 2005 after intense public opposition. The \"State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography\" compiles topographic maps at 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 scales.", "id": "20647627" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nin scale and extent, with some wide gaps in coverage, notably the complete absence of 1:50,000 scale topographic maps or their equivalent. The largest (both in terms of scale and quantity) and best-known topographic series is the 7.5-minute or 1:24,000 quadrangle. This scale is unique to the United States, where nearly every other developed nation has introduced a metric 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 large scale topo map. The USGS also publishes 1:100,000 maps covering 30 minutes latitude by one degree longitude, 1:250,000 covering one by two degrees, and state", "id": "20647649" }, { "contents": "Mapping California\n\n\nfrom 1860 to 1873. Whitney organized the first comprehensive survey of California and the first complete topographic maps of the state were completed under him. Mount Whitney, the tallest peak in California is named after him, a testament to his legacy. The State Mining Bureau was established in 1880, and the position of State Geologist was changed to State Mineralogist. In 1891, the first state geologic map showing eight color stratigraphic regions was published. The second geologic map of the state was published in 1916 and shows twenty one stratigraphic regions", "id": "15483407" }, { "contents": "Station model\n\n\nsince August 1, 1941. Elements in the plot show the key weather elements, including temperature, dew point, wind, cloud cover, air pressure, pressure tendency, and precipitation. Weather maps primarily use the station model to show surface weather conditions, but the model can also show the weather aloft as reported by a weather balloon's radiosonde or a pilot's report. Station model plots use a mixture of metric and Imperial units depending on the map's location and what is being shown. Surface maps in the United", "id": "18185290" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\ntopographics maps can be viewed by using a free map service MapSite. The Institut Géographique National (IGN) produces topographic maps of France at 1:25,000 and 1:50,000. In addition, topographic maps are freely accessible online, through the Géoportail website. In principle, each federal state \"(Bundesland)\" is in charge of producing the official topographic maps. In fact, the maps between 1:5,000 and 1:100,000 are produced and published by the land surveying offices of each federal state, the maps between 1:200,000 and 1:1,000,000 by a federal house –", "id": "20647630" }, { "contents": "Glenview Creek\n\n\nfrom the surface. A USGS topographical map from 1980 clearly shows the contours of the gentle valley carved out by the then underground Glenview Creek including the stubs of its one-time arms in its headwaters. An undated map from the Glenview Public Library shows Glenview Creek running on the surface from the C&NW and CNS&M ROWs all the way to where it empties into the Middle Fork of the North Branch of the Chicago River near Harms Road. The map presumably is dated prior to 1955 since it shows the Chesterfield Golf Course which was", "id": "2697677" }, { "contents": "Tiorati Brook Road\n\n\ndates back to records from a map of Rockland County in 1839 by David Barr. Known as the Cedar Ponds Road, the road was acquired by the county in 1899, and in 1907, when a report to the county was made, the route was in really poor condition for their roads. Topographical maps dating as far back as 1910 show Tiorati Brook Road as a local road reaching as far east as what is today the intersection of Gate Hill Road (Rockland CR 106) and Cedar Falls Road (CR 69)", "id": "505267" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n, and 1:500 000. Swisstopo (the Federal Office of Topography) produces topographic maps of Switzerland at seven different scales. Topographic maps for Taiwan had long been kept as confidential information due to security concerns. It has only been recently made available to public from the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, the government agency responsible for surveying and publishing various maps. Topographic maps of up to 1:25,000 is now available in digital and printed format. The Ordnance Survey (OS) produces topographic map series covering the United Kingdom at 1:25,000 and", "id": "20647646" }, { "contents": "Gregory Euclide\n\n\n, \"When you see a human figure you identify with the form, what they are doing, and that becomes the emphasis. By showing just the land without humans I'm able to show it as it is and what they've left behind.\" Euclide juxtaposes in his work naturally occurring, organic matter with artificial, man-made materials, some of which are found objects, and through the use of bent and shaped paper introduces three-dimensional topographical elements. Through his exploration of the landscape tradition, within both", "id": "12706493" }, { "contents": "Vicmap Topographic Map Series\n\n\nand is the foundation of Victoria's primary mapping and geographic information systems. The features depicted in Vicmap Topographic maps include both natural features, such as watercourses, contours, cliffs and tree cover, and constructed features, such as drains, gates, roads and shipwrecks. The traditional 1:25,000 printed topographic maps have been used as a benchmark for the new Vicmap Topographic products. Hence the new series replicates the features and associated symbology as depicted on the old maps. The new series of Vicmap Topographic maps consists of 1:25000 and 1:50000 double", "id": "18602110" }, { "contents": "List of mountains of Bangladesh\n\n\nreadings and Russian topographic mapping show that its true height is less than 1,000 meters. On the top of Keokradong there is a small shelter and a signboard put up by the Bangladeshi military proclaiming the altitude to be 3172 feet. Garmin GPS recorded 974 meters (3196 feet) at this location, a different team measured 986m with 3m accuracy by GPS, a measurement consistent with Russian topographic mapping and SRTM data. It is at . USGS and Russian mapping dispute the claim that this is the location correctly named Keokradong;", "id": "16191540" }, { "contents": "Ephrin receptor\n\n\na more detailed description of Eph/ephrin signaling see \"Formation of the Retinotopic Map\" in ephrin). Further studies then showed the role of Eph’s in topographic mapping in other regions of the central nervous system, such as learning and memory via the formation of projections between the septum and hippocampus. In addition to the formation of topographic maps, Eph/ephrin signaling has been implicated in the proper guidance of motor neuron axons in the spinal cord. Although several members of Ephs and ephrins contribute to motor neuron guidance,", "id": "42142" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nleaked into the public domain and are available for download. Map scales 1:100.000 - 1:500.000 can be viewed online. The Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) is responsible for the official topographic maps. It does use six scales that cover all the Spanish territory: 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:200,000, 1:500,000, 1:1,000,000 and 1:2,000,000. The most common scale is the first one, which utilizes the UTM system. The (CD:NGI) produces three topographic map series, each covering the whole country, at scales 1:50 000, 1:250 000", "id": "20647645" }, { "contents": "Mosaic\n\n\nin the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map. The map is", "id": "15596539" }, { "contents": "Map\n\n\ncartographers and GIS users have developed automatic label placement to ease this process. Maps of the world or large areas are often either 'political' or 'physical'. The most important purpose of the political map is to show territorial borders; the purpose of the physical is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use including infrastructure such as roads, railroads and buildings. Topographic maps show elevations and relief with contour lines or shading. Geological maps show not only the physical surface, but characteristics of", "id": "20424096" }, { "contents": "Scarborough Shoal\n\n\nmaps available as today. In 1792, another map drawn by the Malaspina expedition and published in 1808 in Madrid, Spain also showed Bajo de Masinloc as part of Philippine territory. The map showed the route of the Malaspina expedition to and around the shoal. It was reproduced in the \"Atlas of the 1939 Philippine Census\", which was published in Manila a year later and predates the controversial 1947 Chinese South China Sea Claim Map that shows no Chinese name on it. Another topographic map drawn in 1820 shows the shoal,", "id": "8115503" }, { "contents": "Topographic map (neuroanatomy)\n\n\nA topographic map is the ordered projection of a sensory surface, like the retina or the skin, or an effector system, like the musculature, to one or more structures of the central nervous system. Topographic maps can be found in all sensory systems and in many motor systems. The visual system refers to the part of the central nervous system that allows an organism to see. It interprets information from visible light to build a representation of the world. The ganglion cells of the retina project in an orderly fashion to the", "id": "422830" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nto-date topographic mapping. LINZ topographic maps cover all of New Zealand, offshore islands, some Pacific Islands and the Ross Sea Region. The standard issue \"NZTopo\" map series was published September 2009 at 1:50,000 (NZTopo50), and 1:250,000 (NZTopo250). Vector data from the New Zealand Topographic Database (NZTopo) is also available. The responsibility for topographic mapping and aerial photography lies with the Surveyor General of Pakistan [SGP]. Established in 1947, the Survey of Pakistan (SOP) is based in Rawalpindi", "id": "20647636" }, { "contents": "Hoop hole\n\n\nis shown in the adjacent map. The map shows one-third of the area in the James River Ranger District of the George Washington National Forest and the two-thirds in the New Castle Ranger District of the Jefferson National Forest. Additional roads and trails are given on National Geographic Maps 788 (Covington, Alleghany Highlands). A great variety of information, including topographic maps, aerial views, satellite data and weather information, is obtained by selecting the link with the wild land's coordinates in the upper right of this", "id": "8100499" }, { "contents": "Polymeric surface\n\n\nshow a greater oxygen content. Elemental analysis allows for quantitative data to be obtained and used in the analysis of process efficiency. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a type of scanning force microscopy, was developed for mapping three-dimensional topographical variations in atomic surfaces with high resolution (on the order of fraction of nanometers). AFM was developed to overcome the material conduction limitations of electron transmission and scanning microscopy methods (SEM & STM). Invented by Binnig, Quate, and Gerbe in 1985, atomic force microscopy uses", "id": "15984862" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n\"Map of Krayenhoff\". Around 1836 they began printing the topographic map on a scale of 1: 50,000, followed in 1865 by the topographic map on a scale of 1: 25,000. In 1951 began the start of production of the topographic map on a scale of 1: 10,000. From various reorganizations arose in 1932 the \"Topografische Dienst\" as national mapping agency of the Netherlands, since January 2004 housed within the Land Registry \"Kadaster\". Land Information New Zealand is the government agency responsible for providing up-", "id": "20647635" }, { "contents": "Topographic map (neuroanatomy)\n\n\nare to be highly interconnected. Multiple topographic maps is a feature that is advantageous because it allows maps of different sizes that would accommodate varying levels of acuity and details in signals. A more detailed map has more neurons that would take up more area than a more global map, which would require fewer connections. A variety of techniques have been used to establish the topographic maps in the brain. The existence of topographical maps was shown early by electrical stimulation of the cortex, tracing patterns of epileptic seizures, stimulation sequences, and", "id": "422851" }, { "contents": "August Heinrich Petermann\n\n\nalone medium- and small-scale maps of the interior of continents and the polar regions. One could still hardly speak of dense topographic, orographic and hydrological information. Though the maps in the Stieler looked dense with information they were mainly filled out with information where space in the image allowed, and the cartographers had little choice what to depict by the lack of known phenomena. The density of information did not indicate how thoroughly an area had been explored, for the cartographers selected their data and drafted the maps in such a way", "id": "15173171" }, { "contents": "TopoQuest\n\n\nTopoQuest is a free web mapping service built on open source software that provides internet-based topographic maps for most of the United States. The site is one of three internet services used by Wikipedia for providing topographic maps. It arose to prominence in May 2008 after TopoZone through its new trails.com owners required payment for access to its maps. TopoQuest map links are the same as Topozone's except for the difference in the domain. It is operated by Ryan Niemi in Klamath Falls, Oregon. Niemi first experimented with a mapping program", "id": "5950266" }, { "contents": "Topography\n\n\ndata but from existing paper topographic maps. Many government and private publishers use the artwork (especially the contour lines) from existing topographic map sheets as the basis for their own specialized or updated topographic maps. Topographic mapping should not be confused with geologic mapping. The latter is concerned with underlying structures and processes to the surface, rather than with identifiable surface features. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a raster-based digital dataset of the topography (hypsometry and/or bathymetry) of all or part of the Earth (or", "id": "1989674" }, { "contents": "Wargame\n\n\nReisswitz's wargame was more open-ended. The objectives that a player might pursue could vary from one game to the next and generally resembled what objectives a real general in the field might pursue. Whereas Reisswitz Sr.'s game was played on an arrangement of modular terrain tiles, Reisswitz Jr.'s game was played on a paper map. The Prussian army had recently begun using highly accurate topographical maps, which were the product of new advances in cartography and printing. These maps may have not been available to Reisswitz Sr.", "id": "14554523" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nonly at 15-20-year intervals, except for sheets covering areas of rapid change. Detailed, accurate topographic maps have long been a military priority. They are currently produced by the \"Military-topographic service of armed forces of the Russian Federation\" (). Military topographic mapping departments held other titles in the Russian Empire since 1793 and in the Soviet Union where these maps also came to be used for internal control and economic development. When Germany invaded in 1941, detailed maps from the USSR's western borders to the Volga", "id": "20647642" }, { "contents": "Chickamauga Creek\n\n\n, and is joined by Brotherton Creek, just northeast of the Zahnd Wildlife Management Area between Rising Fawn and Lafayette in Walker County, Georgia. (Note: One EPA Watershed Report shows the West Chickamauga as rising out of the south end of Lookout Mountain, near Sandy Hollow. However, the same map labels that part of the creek as \"Hog Jowl Creek\", although the pop-up active link shows the Creek as \"West Chickamauga Creek\" According to the topozone.com topographical map, the length of West Chickamauga Creek", "id": "3831257" }, { "contents": "Bicycle map\n\n\nA bicycle map or bike map is a map designed specifically for bicyclists. Bike maps often include features not on general purpose street maps such as bike lanes, bike paths, bike routes, bike shops, topographical features like major hills, etc. Earlier in the 20th century, bike maps tended to focus on showing pavement quality. The invention of the safety bicycle brought about the first bike boom in the late 19th century. Street maps available prior to this time period showed roads, but often emphasized railway lines and often did", "id": "15228389" }, { "contents": "Royal Australian Survey Corps\n\n\nthe AIC. The Section was divided into two sub-sections and employed in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia producing scale one-mile-to-one-inch military maps ('one-mile' map) mainly of areas around cities and key infrastructure. By mid-1913 the Section had completed topographic field sheets by plane-tabling for eight maps around Newcastle, Melbourne and Canberra. The initial method of using parish plans to position the topographic detail was soon found to be inadequate and a geodetic", "id": "11960348" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nthe Australian Government's national mapping agency. It provides topographic maps and data to meet the needs of the sustainable development of the nation. The Office of Spatial Data Management provides an online free map service MapConnect. These topographic maps of scales 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 are available in printed form from the Sales Centre. 1:50,000 and 1:25,000 maps are produced in conjunction with the Department of Defence. \"Austrian Maps\" () is the government agency producing maps of Austria, which are distributed by \"Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen\" (BEV", "id": "20647626" }, { "contents": "Mount Burke (British Columbia)\n\n\nconfuse Mount Burke, with the much higher and larger Burke Ridge, which is more commonly known as Burke Mountain, and in the 1920s Burke Ridge was more commonly known as Dollar Mountain, after the Canadian Robert Dollar Company, who logged the lower portions of the mountain. National Topographic System Maps Canadian Topographic Maps 92G/7, 2002; Edition: 6 Canadian Topographic Maps 92-G/7, 2009; Edition: 07 version: 01 Canadian Topographic Maps 92-G/7, 2010; Edition: 07 version: 02 These maps are free to download in the", "id": "11247030" }, { "contents": "Army Map Service\n\n\nof Corps of Engineer items. Another major responsibility of the AMS was to maintain the largest geodetic and topographic data libraries for the Department of Defense. \"The Army Map Service had its inception in a warehouse located at Ft. McNair (formerly the Army War College), where space was set aside in 1910 to accommodate a reproduction unit and lithographic school. The combined elements formed the Central Map Reproduction Plant (CMRP). With the advent of World War I in 1917, the CMRP was re-organized and expanded by", "id": "5517123" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nstyle (content and appearance) of topographic maps is highly variable between national mapping organizations and aesthetic traditions and conventions persist, particularly amongst European countries at medium map scales. Although virtually the entire terrestrial surface of Earth has been mapped at scale 1:1,000,000, medium and large-scale mapping has been accomplished intensively in some countries and much less in others. Nevertheless, national mapping programs listed below are only a partial selection. Several commercial vendors supply international topographic map series. The NMIG (National Mapping Information Group) of Geoscience Australia is", "id": "20647625" }, { "contents": "Map symbolization\n\n\nplatform for creating new symbols. Topographic maps show the shape of Earth’s surface by using contour lines, the lines on the map that join points of equal elevation. They are among the most well-known symbols on modern maps as they are self-explanatory and accurately represent their phenomena. They make it possible to the depict height, depth, and even slope. Contour lines will be closer together or spaced apart to show the steepness of the area. If the line is spaced closer together, it means that there", "id": "7871865" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nCommonly used maps such as the HM20C series (1:20,000) are reviewed and updated every year or two. Very large scale (1:600 in Urban area and the 1:1,000 HM1C series for all of HK) topographic maps are also available to public for various uses. The Survey of India is responsible for all topographic control, surveys and mapping of India. The Survey of Israel is responsible for the civilian mapping of Israel. Standard map scales are 1:50,000 and 1:100,000. The 1:50,000 map is available online. Israel is the country where many", "id": "20647632" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nlatitude. The Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi is the government entity responsible for producing and distributing topographic maps of Colombia in 1:500,000 and 1:100,000 scales. These and several other Geographic information services can be accessed using the Instituto Geográfico Agustin Codazzi website in Spanish. The National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark is responsible for producing topographic and nautical geodata of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The National Land Survey of Finland produces the Topographic Database (accuracy 1:5000-1:10 000) and publishes topographic maps of Finland at 1:25,000 and 1:50,000. In addition", "id": "20647629" }, { "contents": "655th Engineer Topographic Battalion\n\n\nThe 655th Engineer Topographic Battalion (655th ENG TOPO BN) was a technical support unit formed to provide surveying, drafting, and map production activities for the US Army during World War II. With the beginning of the war in Europe, the U.S. realized that the existing European maps were inadequate for tactical purposes or use by artillery units, since existing map grids were inconsistent and did not match up between countries. The Engineer Topographic Battalion's wartime mission was the development of accurate 4-color topographic maps created through timely survey work, drafting", "id": "17161853" }, { "contents": "Peniki\n\n\n1617–1721. Then the territory was returned to Russian Empire. The village of Peniki is marked on the Semi-topographical map of 1810. On the “Topographic Map of the Neighborhoods of Saint Petersburg” of the Military Topographic Depot of the General Staff of 1817, the village of Peniki is mentioned. It further provides that in Peniki were 16 households. The village of Peniki with 16 households is also mentioned on the “Topographical map of the environs of St. Petersburg” by Friedrich von Schubert in 1831: Peniki is a village", "id": "1861686" }, { "contents": "E11 European long distance path\n\n\nto follow E11 without a map. Some topographical maps show sections of E11, but others may only show the trails that form the basis of it. So one must fall back on documents describing which sections of which trails make up E11. Unfortunately, these are hardly accessible or are incomplete: Once the bridge across the River Oder (and the now open border between Germany and Poland) has been passed, E11 (here unmarked) goes straight through the town center of Słubice, until 1945 a suburban part of Frankfurt (", "id": "11223083" }, { "contents": "Army Map Service\n\n\ntopographic support to U.S. and Allied forces in the Pacific Theatre, particularly to combat commands in Southeast Asia. In May 1966, the unit (less its survey element) moved to Ford Island, Hawaii and was the primary map production unit for U.S. Forces in Vietnam. In January 1969, the unit was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation by the CINC, U.S. Army Pacific. A second Meritorious Unit Commendation was awarded in 1972. The Corps of Engineers also participated in the Inter-American Geodetic Survey for mapping Central and South America", "id": "5517131" }, { "contents": "Joseph Goldsborough Bruff\n\n\nIn this position, he made numerous maps for Army reports that were published and sent to Congress. He made hand-copied duplicates of original field maps delivered to the bureau by Army topographical engineers returning from their journeys in the West. He also engraved maps and drawings for publication. One of his most important projects was to make copies of all of the maps and drawing that were included in Captain John C. Frémont's report to Congress. During the course of his work, Bruff got to know Frémont and many other topographical", "id": "9950381" }, { "contents": "History of cartography\n\n\n. In light of this, these maps are perhaps the oldest economic maps in the world since they predate Strabo's economic maps. In addition to the seven maps on wooden blocks found at Tomb 1 of Fangmatan, a fragment of a paper map was found on the chest of the occupant of Tomb 5 of Fangmatan in 1986. This tomb is dated to the early Western Han, so the map dates to the early 2nd century BC. The map shows topographic features such as mountains, waterways and roads, and is thought", "id": "40980" }, { "contents": "Royal Australian Survey Corps\n\n\nsurveillance systems; map production and printing for new maps and charts, plans, overprints, battle maps, air photo mosaics and photomaps, rapid map and chart revision; map holding and map distribution; production, maintenance and distribution of digital topographic information and products. The operational doctrine was that the combat force deployed into the area of operations with topographic products adequate for planning, force insertion and initial conduct of tactical operations, that new products and broad area updates of the topographic base would be provided by the support area and communication", "id": "11960334" }, { "contents": "List of mountains of New Zealand by height\n\n\nThe following are lists of mountains in New Zealand ordered by height. Names, heights, topographic prominence and isolation, and coordinates were extracted from the official Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) Topo50 topographic maps at the interactive topographic map of New Zealand site. All summits over 2,900 m are within the Southern Alps, a chain that forms the backbone of the South Island, and all but one (Mount Aspiring) are within a 10-mile radius of Aoraki / Mount Cook. Some of these summits are mere shoulders on the ridges", "id": "7452480" }, { "contents": "Cartography of Switzerland\n\n\nSwitzerland has had its current boundaries since 1815, but maps of the Old Swiss Confederacy were drawn since the 16th century. The first topographical survey on a federal level began in 1809, resulting in the Topographic Map of Switzerland (German: \"Topographische Karte der Schweiz\") or Dufour Map (German: \"Dufourkarte\"; French: \"Carte Dufour\"). From 1869 to 1901, this map was replaced by the Topographic Atlas of Switzerland (German: \"Topographischer Atlas der Schweiz\") or Siegfried Map (German", "id": "15575701" }, { "contents": "Counter-mapping\n\n\nthat OSM merely replicates the 'old' socio-economic order. For instance, Haklay affirmed that OSM users in the United Kingdom tend not to map council estates; consequently, middle-class areas are disproportionately mapped. Thus, in opposition to notions that OSM is a radical cartographic counter-culture, are contentions that OSM \"simply recreates a mirror copy of existing topographic mapping\". What has come to be known as counter-mapping is not limited to the activities of non-state actors within a particular nation-", "id": "10421216" }, { "contents": "Solar map\n\n\nA solar map, in general, is a map of a city, state, country, or any piece of land that illustrates information about how much a certain piece of land, building, or home experiences a certain amount of sunlight. Though solar maps are illustrated in many forms, a solar map essentially records where and to what extent a certain location experiences a certain amount of sunlight or radiation. It normally combines topographic, meteorological, and sometimes financial data to help scholars or consumers and investors in promoting awareness of the", "id": "12395498" }, { "contents": "Geologic map\n\n\nin what are now only the eastern states of the present-day US. The first geologic map of Great Britain was created by William Smith in 1815 using principles (Smith's laws) first formulated by Smith. In the United States, geologic maps are usually superimposed over a topographic map (and at times over other base maps) with the addition of a color mask with letter symbols to represent the kind of geologic unit. The color mask denotes the exposure of the immediate bedrock, even if obscured by soil or other", "id": "7045949" }, { "contents": "Royal Australian Survey Corps\n\n\nClass 1 Alan Stewart Murray) and one Topographic Section Topographer Corporal Stafford were awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for mapping under enemy fire, Topographic Section Topographer Sergeant Finlason was recommended for a Military Medal but was awarded the French Croix De Guerre, Topographic Section Draughtsman Sergeant Wightman was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal. the Officer Commanding the 1st ANZAC Topographic Section in 1917 and the Australian Corps Topographic Section in 1918 Lieutenant Buchanan was awarded the Belgian Croix De Guerre and Topographic Section Lithographer Sergeant Dunstan was awarded the French Croix De Guerre. Warrant Officer", "id": "11960357" }, { "contents": "Charging argument\n\n\nIn computer science, a charging argument is used to compare the output of an optimization algorithm to an optimal solution. It is typically used to show that an algorithm produces optimal results by proving the existence of a particular injective function. For profit maximization problems, the function can be any one-to-one mapping from elements of an optimal solution to elements of the algorithm's output. For cost minimization problems, the function can be any one-to-one mapping from elements of the algorithm's output to elements of", "id": "13747440" }, { "contents": "Kilkenny, New Hampshire\n\n\nnow the eastern edge of Jefferson, tapering south into the area of Jefferson Notch at the foot of Mount Mitten. This included much of the area known as \"Jefferson Highland\" on the Portland Road (US-2). By the 1870s, maps were showing the southern edge of Kilkenny as a line extending the northern border of Jefferson and Lancaster (1872 Railroad and Post Office Map of New Hampshire, and 1892 map of Jefferson). The 1896 topographic map, however, shows that the boundary had again been adjusted several miles", "id": "15810044" }, { "contents": "Topography\n\n\ninto the 20th century as generic for topographic surveys and maps. The earliest scientific surveys in France were called the Cassini maps after the family who produced them over four generations. The term \"topographic surveys\" appears to be American in origin. The earliest detailed surveys in the United States were made by the “Topographical Bureau of the Army,” formed during the War of 1812, which became the Corps of Topographical Engineers in 1838. After the work of national mapping was assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1878, the", "id": "1989660" }, { "contents": "Topographic map (neuroanatomy)\n\n\nolfactory system differs in quality from the orderly representation inherent in the retinotopic, tonotopic, or somatotopic sensory maps. Olfactory neurons differ from one another by the nature of the receptor that they possess. However, the olfactory sensory neurons to which olfactory bulb neurons are connected are also distributed across the receptor sheet (the olfactory epithelium) depending on their chemical preferences. Locations on the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb are correlated so, as with other sensory systems, the topographic map in the brain is linked to the structure of the", "id": "422844" }, { "contents": "Map symbolization\n\n\nThe typical color standard for topographic maps depicts contours in brown, bodies of water in blue, boundaries in black, and grids and roads in red. Topographic maps may use different colors to represent area features. Most topographic maps will use green for vegetation or national parks and wildlife management areas. They will also use blue for rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water. Red may also be used to represent areas of significant importance. A map is a smaller representation of an area on the earth’s surface; therefore", "id": "7871868" }, { "contents": "Stephen Farthing\n\n\nthe topographical mapping of cities. His most recent work makes explicit a theme that has consistently sat between Farthing and his audience, the \"narrative\" and \"text\". Farthing commented that his work is, \"not this thing about 'Oh, let's let the audience make up their mind what it is'…\" but about \"degrading it on purpose so it becomes not more ambiguous, but less what it was in the first place.\" Toward the end of 2009, Farthing had his first one-", "id": "4012503" }, { "contents": "Notas para una cartografía de Filipinas\n\n\nLi Hui and Ch'üan Chin… The earliest map [in the Japanese map collection in the East Asiatic Library of the University of California]…dates from about 1620, and depicts a deformed Luzon under the rubric Ruson. … The collection also contains a map (\"Nantan Bushū Bankoku Shōka no Zu\") belonging to the East Asian tradition of Buddhist cartography, which is dated to 1710, although based on an exemplar of 1688. …[I]ts plethora of rubrics include elements from virtually all the traditions of Chinese topographical writing…", "id": "9806257" }, { "contents": "Topography\n\n\nor other bodies of water, forest cover, built-up areas or individual buildings (depending on scale), and other features and points of interest. While not officially \"topographic\" maps, the national surveys of other nations share many of the same features, and so they are often called \"topographic maps.\" Existing topographic survey maps, because of their comprehensive and encyclopedic coverage, form the basis for much derived topographic work. Digital Elevation Models, for example, have often been created not from new remote sensing", "id": "1989673" }, { "contents": "Hachure map\n\n\nHachures are an older mode of representing relief. They show orientation of slope, and by their thickness and overall density they provide a general sense of steepness. Being non-numeric, they are less useful to a scientific survey than contours, but can successfully communicate quite specific shapes of terrain. They are a form of shading, although different from the one used in shaded maps. Hachure representation of relief was standardized by the Austrian topographer Johann Georg Lehmann in 1799. Hachures may be combined with other ways of representing relief,", "id": "13863638" }, { "contents": "Cartography of Switzerland\n\n\nit still carries that name today. In 1863, the SAC published a 1:50.000 map of the region Tödi, based on unpublished survey material. A year later, the last page of the \"Dufour Map\" is published, and one year later still, Dufour retires and Hermann Siegfried becomes the Chief op the Topographical Bureau. In 1865, Herman Siegfried became the Chief of the Topographical Bureau, and the bureau moved from Geneva to Bern. Over the following few years, a composite map was published of Ticino, soundings had", "id": "15575708" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n, on about one thousand sheets, each covering four degrees latitude by six or more degrees longitude. Excluding borders, each sheet was 44 cm high and (depending on latitude) up to 66 cm wide. Although the project eventually foundered, it left an indexing system that remains in use. By the 1980s, centralized printing of standardized topographic maps began to be superseded by databases of coordinates that could be used on computers by moderately skilled end users to view or print maps with arbitrary contents, coverage and scale. For example", "id": "20647619" }, { "contents": "Hornaday River\n\n\nagain, the expedition did not travel up the Hornaday. The subsequent map still showed the Hornaday to be a short stream drained a few miles inland by a large lake. It was not until 1949 that aerial photography by the Royal Canadian Air Force produced a Topographical Survey showing the Hornaday. But the photographs were not used to create Canada's 1952 Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys map as, again, the Hornaday is charted as a short stream. After studying maps and aerial photographs, and investigating the area", "id": "21234064" }, { "contents": "National Topographic System\n\n\nThe National Topographic System or NTS () is the system used by Natural Resources Canada for providing general purpose topographic maps of the country. NTS maps are available in a variety of scales, the standard being 1/50,000 and 1/250,000 scales. The maps provide details on landforms and terrain, lakes and rivers, forested areas, administrative zones, populated areas, roads and railways, as well as other man-made features. These maps are currently used by all levels of government and industry for forest fire and flood control (as well", "id": "20283624" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\nwith mobile phones and automotive navigation systems appeared. As of 2011, the future of standardized, centrally printed topographical maps is left somewhat in doubt. Topographic maps have multiple uses in the present day: any type of geographic planning or large-scale architecture; earth sciences and many other geographic disciplines; mining and other earth-based endeavours; civil engineering and recreational uses such as hiking and orienteering. The various features shown on the map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate", "id": "20647622" }, { "contents": "Topographic map\n\n\n, Western region (Quetta) and finally, the Southern region in Karachi. Responsibility for fields surveys and the maintenance/update of topographic maps are sub-divided according to these geographic areas. The Army's Geographical Institute - Instituto Geográfico do Exército - produces 1.25,000, 1:500,000 maps for public sale, as well as lots of geographical services. Until recently, the two major government mapping authorities in Romania have been the Military Topographic Department (Directia Topografica Militara (DTM)), and the Institute for Geodesy, Photogrammetry, Cartography", "id": "20647639" }, { "contents": "Topographic map (neuroanatomy)\n\n\nairborne substances. Most sensory systems spatially segregate afferent input from primary sensory neurons to construct a topographic map that defines the location of a sensory stimulus within the environment, as well as the quality of the stimulus itself. Unlike other sensory systems, the topography in the olfactory system is not dependent on spatial properties of the stimuli. Relieved of the requirement to map the position of an olfactory stimulus in space, the olfactory system employs spatial segregation of sensory input to encode the quality of an odorant. The topographic map revealed in the", "id": "422843" }, { "contents": "Malitbog, Bukidnon\n\n\narea. Only 76.70 km² or 13.18% of the total land area of Malitbog is classified as alienable and disposable lands. The Thematic Maps from CENRO that are gathered from Topographic Map of NAMRIA, showed that there are three categories of vegetative cover in the municipality: Timber Lnd is one of the categories that covers the largest part of the total land area with an estimated area of about 338.73 km² or 58.22 percent of the total land area of the municipality. Timberland is within Forest Land that can be found only in Barangay San", "id": "10456396" }, { "contents": "Lake Norman\n\n\nCarolina from 1958, only a few years before the creation of Lake Norman. When placed together, one can visualize the importance of this location over the last few centuries. The 18th century map's cartographer took painstaking effort in accurately portraying the topographic facets of the landscape, while maintaining an overarching emphasis on the counties, towns, and indigenous frontiers throughout. The 20th century map shows similar details, with slight changes in the Catawba River's course—much of which can be accounted for by natural processes, such as erosion", "id": "20973916" }, { "contents": "STS-59\n\n\nSAR moving images were downlinked of the area surrounding Sarobetsu, Japan, one of the high-priority calibration sites for the X-band antenna. Scientists on the ground measured the strength of the radar signal and the size of the swath being imaged. Ground investigators also were developing topographic maps of Japan and searching for the optimum way in which to use the three radar antennas for mapping rice fields. X-SAR's quick-look processor also showed images of the Bay of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico as well as", "id": "2615003" }, { "contents": "Swisstopo\n\n\nscaled 1:100.000 was published. This was the start of what are termed \"Dufourkarten\" (\"Dufour's Maps\"). The topographic survey finished in 1862. To honour Dufour, the Swiss government decided to rename the highest peak on the \"Dufourkarten\" from \"Höchste Spitze\" to Dufourspitze: it still carries that name today. In 1863, the SAC published a 1:50.000 map of the region Tödi, based on unpublished survey material. A year later, the last map of the \"Dufourkarten\" was published, and", "id": "9178015" }, { "contents": "Road map\n\n\nto show how to get to a single specific destination (such as a business), to a complex electronic map, which may layer together many different types of maps and information – such as a road map plotted over a topographical 3D satellite image (a viewing mode frequently used within Google Earth). Highway maps generally give an overview of major routes within a medium to large region ranging from a few dozen to a few thousand miles or kilometers. Street maps usually cover an area of a few miles or kilometers (at", "id": "13108654" }, { "contents": "Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East\n\n\nimportant piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center", "id": "3444596" }, { "contents": "Early Chinese cartography\n\n\nRiver in Sichuan Province. The areas covered by the seven maps overlap, but in total they cover 107 × 68 km in area. In addition to the seven maps on wooden blocks found at Tomb 1 of Fangmatan, a fragment of a paper map (5.6 × 2.6 cm) was found on the chest of the occupant of Tomb 5 of Fangmatan in 1986. This tomb is dated to the early Western Han dynasty, so the map dates to the early 2nd century BC. The map shows topographic features such as mountains", "id": "2422814" }, { "contents": "Cone of depression\n\n\nare placed close together in order to reduce head in the aquifer to the maximum amount. Water levels or pressures can be contoured similar to elevation on topographic maps. Contour maps often show “bulls-eyes” around pumped wells that represent the cones of depression. In huge municipal wells, these cones of depression often can extend many miles from the pumped well. For many domestic wells, the cones of depression often are too small to even show up on such maps. Again, this really depends on the rate of pumping", "id": "22098832" }, { "contents": "The Big Picture (TV series)\n\n\nDescribes the work of the combat historians and combat artists who record the actions and faces of an Army at war. TV 799 – The Fourth Armored Division (Color – 1971) Shows how the division keeps ready to provide armored support for the ground forces of NATO in West Germany, and how the men foster excellent German-American relations, TV 800 – Mapping a Better Tomorrow (Color – 1971) Shows the activities of the topographic command, making maps of the earth for war and peaceful uses, and maps of the", "id": "7591871" } ]

[ { "contents": "Charlie Storms\n\n\npistol. He had inaccurately sized Short up as someone who, according to Bat Masterson, he could \"slap in the face without expecting a return.\" Masterson knew both men. Short shot Storms in the chest twice at point-blank range, setting his shirt on fire. Short reportedly told Bat Masterson, \"You sure pick some of the damnedest friends, Bat\". Tombstone physician George E. Goodfellow was only a few feet from Storms when he was killed. \"In the spring of 1881 I was a few", "id": "13177803" }, { "contents": "Luke Short\n\n\nin 1879 where he continued gambling. Bat Masterson later wrote that Short seriously wounded a man during a gambling dispute in Leadville. He was accused of swindling Texan John Jones \"out of $280 on Three Card Monte\" and jailed on October 5 for six days in Kansas City. Short first met Wyatt Earp, William H. Harris and Bat Masterson in Tombstone. Based on their previous friendship, Harris had no problem convincing his partners to engage Earp as a faro dealer at their Oriental Saloon in Tombstone. On Friday, February25", "id": "12937773" }, { "contents": "James Masterson\n\n\n-in-law, Al Updegraph, as bartender, and someone wired Bat Masterson in Tombstone that his brother's life was in danger. Bat arrived in Dodge on 16 April and saw Peacock and Updegraph near the station. Firing broke out, with Jim and others also taking part. Updegraph was the only casualty, taking a bullet through the lungs. Bat was fined for discharging a gun within the city limits and the brothers left Dodge. Masterson moved to Trinidad, Colorado, where he joined the police force. While", "id": "16218423" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n, Short, and Masterson worked as faro dealers, or \"look outs\", at Tombstone's Oriental Saloon. Masterson had only been in Tombstone for two months when he received an urgent telegram that compelled him to return to Dodge City. His brother Jim had a partnership with Alfred James \"A.J.\" Peacock in Dodge City's Lady Gay Saloon and Dance Hall. Albert \"Al\" Updegraff was Peacock's brother-in-law and bartender. Updegraff was a drunk, and Jim thought him dishonest. He had demanded", "id": "5107651" }, { "contents": "List of historic properties in Tombstone, Arizona\n\n\nwith entertainment which included live performances, liquor and poker games. The longest poker game in history was played in the basement of the theater. Those who wished to play had to pay a thousand dollars ($1,000) up front. Among the notable people who played in this particular game was George Hearst, Diamond Jim Brady, Adolphus Busch, Doc Holliday, Bat Masterson, and Wyatt Earp. The poker game in itself was played continuously 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It continued from 1881 to 1889", "id": "1905207" }, { "contents": "Wyatt Earp\n\n\nGambling was regarded as a legitimate profession at the time. Earp invited his friend Bat Masterson to Tombstone to help him run the faro tables in the saloon, and he telegraphed Luke Short in June 1881 to offer him a job as a faro dealer. Masterson remained until April 1881, when he returned to Dodge City to assist his brother Jim. Michael O'Rourke killed Henry Schneider, chief engineer of the Tombstone Mining and Milling Company and said that it was in self defense. Schneider was well liked, and a mob of miners", "id": "15159635" }, { "contents": "Walter Doniger\n\n\nstarring New York Yankee greats Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris), and the made-for-TV movie \"Mad Bull\" (1977). In 1957, Doniger established a production company, Bettina Productions Ltd. By this time he had gravitated towards working primarily for episodic television, particularly as director of western series, such as \"Cheyenne\" (1956–57); \"Tombstone Territory\" (1957–58), \"Maverick\", (1957), and \"Bat Masterson\" (1958–60). He also directed episodes of \"", "id": "19937508" }, { "contents": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\n\n\nof Wyatt Earp\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Broken Arrow\", \"Johnny Ringo\", and \"Gunsmoke\". Hugh O'Brian portrayed Earp on the namesake show \"Wyatt Earp\" which ran for six seasons, and he was forever associated with that role. A 2003 episode of Discovery Channel's \"Unsolved History\" used modern technology to attempt to re-enact the gunfight. They utilized a movie set to recreate a space similar to the lot where the original gun fight took place", "id": "16954095" }, { "contents": "Wyatt Earp in popular culture\n\n\nWestern-oriented shows. At the height of their popularity in 1959, there were more than two dozen \"cowboy\" programs on each week. At least six of them were connected in some extent to Wyatt Earp: \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Broken Arrow\", \"Johnny Ringo\", and \"Gunsmoke\". Wyatt Earp both directly and indirectly influenced the way movies depict lawmen in the American Old West. While living in Los Angeles", "id": "232347" }, { "contents": "Mason Alan Dinehart\n\n\ndeputy sheriff on the \"Annie Oakley\" television series, is shot in an ambush by drunken cowboys, and Masterson settles the score. When Earp finally comes to Tombstone, Arizona Territory, he lacks the working relationship with Sheriff Johnny Behan that he had in Kansas with Bat Masterson. Dinehart's performance of Masterson was so highly regarded that ABC offered him a spinoff series, but he declined, soon left acting, and entered the business field. Dinehart's last appearance on the series is the episode \"Dodge Is Civilized\"", "id": "13459022" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nCity Times\", which noted that \"W.B. Masterson arrived from a visit to Ogallala, this week. He says Nebraska is dry and many people are leaving the state. He came by wagon, and was accompanied by 'Texas Billy' Thompson. The latter has recovered from his wounds.\" Masterson spent the remainder of 1880 in Kansas City and Dodge. On February 8, 1881, he left Dodge City and joined Wyatt Earp in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, where he met Luke Short for the first time. Earp", "id": "5107650" }, { "contents": "Robert H. Paul\n\n\nTombstone. He asked his friend and Trinidad, Colorado Sheriff Bat Masterson to help get Holiday released. Sheriff Masterson appealed to Governor Frederick W. Pitkin and succeeded in getting Holiday released from jail. Paul also knew of warrants for the Earp's arrest, but he was a friend of the men and never served the warrants. In April 1883 in the Old Pueblo in Tucson, local citizens attempted to lynch Joseph Casey, who earlier that day had murdered the jailer Deputy Sheriff Andrew Holbrook. Bob Paul cleared the courthouse and almost single", "id": "7204233" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nthat his brother Jim was not in danger. Updegraff recovered from his wounds, but the shooter who hit him could not be identified, so Masterson was fined $8.00 and released. Citizens were outraged and warrants were issued, but Bat and Jim Masterson were permitted to leave Dodge City. Bat Masterson became more widely known as a gunfighter as a result of a practical joke played on a gullible newspaper reporter in August 1881. Seeking copy in Gunnison, Colorado, the reporter asked Dr. W.S. Cockrell about man-killers. Dr.", "id": "5107653" }, { "contents": "Lance Fuller\n\n\nmany actors once under contract to the studios. Fuller moved to a career in television, where he appeared on the shows \"Bat Masterson\", \"The Rifleman\", \"77 Sunset Strip\", \"Maverick\" (in the episode \"The Cats of Paradise\", in which he played a spoof of \"Paladin\" from \"Have Gun, Will Travel\" opposite James Garner and Buddy Ebsen), \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Tombstone Territory\" and others. He quit the business in 1962, after", "id": "680117" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson (TV series)\n\n\nBat Masterson is an American Western television series which was a fictionalized account of the life of real-life of marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry, and the half-hour black-and-white series ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The show was produced by Ziv Television Productions. \"Bat\" is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew. The series had a tongue-in-cheek flair, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern", "id": "13771685" }, { "contents": "Mason Alan Dinehart\n\n\n(April 28, 1959), in which he serves notice that he is headed to Tombstone, where he hopes Earp will join him in time. There is never a reunion show, and the Masterson character, now a gambler, is written out of \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\". The historical Earp did visit Tombstone to see his friend Masterson, who in time became a figure of western folklore, finishing his long career as a sportswriter in New York City. Masterson's hat inspired the name of", "id": "13459023" }, { "contents": "Frank Stilwell\n\n\nto Pima County Sheriff Bob Paul. Paul had received word on the same day from Denver that the sheriff there had five of the Earp party in custody. When Paul arrived in Denver, he served a warrant for Doc Holliday's arrest on charges that he killed Frank Stilwell in Tucson. Wyatt Earp, also in Denver, feared for Holliday's life if he was returned to Tombstone. He asked his friend in Trinidad, Colorado, Sheriff Bat Masterson, to help get Holliday released. Sheriff Masterson appealed to Governor Frederick W.", "id": "19826777" }, { "contents": "Earp Vendetta Ride\n\n\nfor Holliday's life if he was returned to Tombstone. He asked his friend and Trinidad, Colorado Sheriff Bat Masterson to help get Holliday released. Sheriff Masterson appealed to Governor Frederick W. Pitkin and succeeded in getting Holliday released from jail. Paul also knew of warrants for the Earps' arrest, but he was a friend of the men and never served the warrants. While Behan sought to arrest the Earps, his reputation among some citizens was very negative. On May 27, 1882, a \"strong Democrat\" was quoted", "id": "5382438" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nbrother Ed on March 15. The tandem law enforcement effort came to an abrupt end, however, when 25-year-old City Marshal Ed Masterson was shot and killed in the line of duty on April 9, 1878. Ed Masterson was mortally wounded by a cowboy named Jack Wagner, who was unaware that Bat Masterson was in the vicinity. As Ed stumbled away from the scene, Bat Masterson responded from across the street, firing on both Wagner and Wagner's boss, Alf Walker — who was holding a gun. Wagner", "id": "5107644" }, { "contents": "Western saloon\n\n\nas a manager and enforcer. Wyatt invited his friend, lawman and gambler Bat Masterson, to Tombstone to help him run the faro tables in the Oriental Saloon. In 1884, after leaving Tombstone, Wyatt and his wife Josie, Warren, James and Bessie Earp went to Eagle City, Idaho, another boom town. Wyatt was looking for gold in the Murray-Eagle mining district. They opened a saloon called The White Elephant in a circus tent. An advertisement in a local newspaper suggested gentlemen \"\"come and see", "id": "16813114" }, { "contents": "Luke Short\n\n\n, 1881, Short was serving as the lookout, seated next to the dealer at a faro game in the Oriental, when he was involved in what became a well-known gunfight. His opponent was Charlie Storms. Bat Masterson, who was in Tombstone at the time, described what happened in a magazine article he wrote in 1907: Storms' body was taken to the undertaker, where the coroner's jury was convened and testimony was heard. The jury reached a verdict that Storms died from three pistol wounds at the", "id": "12937774" }, { "contents": "Carol Ohmart\n\n\nthe early 1970s, with guest roles in \"Bat Masterson\", \"Ripcord\", \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", \"Get Smart\", \"Perry Mason\" Tombstone Territory and \"Barnaby Jones\". Dubbed a \"female Brando\" by the press, Paramount Pictures signed her in 1955 and promoted her as the next Marilyn Monroe. Ohmart had top billing in \"The Scarlet Hour\", a Paramount film made by the distinguished director Michael Curtiz about a married woman who persuades her lover to commit", "id": "1744018" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson (TV series)\n\n\n, Jr. played the role of Rance Fletcher in \"Bat Trap\" (1961). The series was loosely based on Richard O'Connor's 1957 biography of Masterson. This was highlighted by the book's front cover being shown at the end of the closing credits with an onscreen notation \"based on\". From 1955 to 1959, Mason Alan Dinehart played a 20-something Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes of the ABC/Desilu western series, \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", starring Hugh O'Brian as the frontier", "id": "13771691" }, { "contents": "Matt Dallas\n\n\non March 6, 2012. In 2012, Dallas starred as Max in the musical love story movie \"You, Me, & the Circus\". He played the role of Bat Masterson in an action packed western movie \"Wyatt Earp's Revenge\" with Val Kilmer. He also starred as Lance Leigh in the Hallmark movie \"Naughty or Nice\" with Hilarie Burton. Dallas played the role of Scott Orenhauser in the indie sci-fi thriller film \"Life Tracker\". Dallas had a recurring role in ABC Family show", "id": "9167812" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Simon\n\n\n, \"Law of the Plainsman\", \"Johnny Ringo\", \"Cheyenne\", and \"The Dakotas\", \"Wichita Town\", \"The Man From Blackhawk\", \"The Texan\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Tate\", and \"Shotgun Slade\", \"Stagecoach West\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Lawman\", \"Klondike\", and \"Frontier Circus\", \"Have Gun - Will Travel\", \"Wagon Train\", \"The Legend of Jesse James\",", "id": "4448577" }, { "contents": "Johnny Behan\n\n\nthat Josephine didn't have a friend named Dora Hirsch. Her real name was Leah Hirschberg, whose mother was actually a music teacher. This family lived only a few blocks from where Josephine lived with her family. But Leah never left San Francisco with Josephine. She instead enjoyed some brief success as a juvenile actress on the San Francisco stage during the 1870s. Bat Masterson, a friend of Wyatt Earp's who was in Tombstone from February to April 1881, described Sadie to Stuart Lake as \"an incredible beauty\" and", "id": "18100497" }, { "contents": "Josephine Earp\n\n\nwhere it pertained to her and Wyatt.\" In addition to Josephine's concealing Wyatt's past relationship with Blaylock, modern researchers think she may also have been concealing her own past as a \"sporting lady\" or prostitute. When Stuart Lake was researching his book \"Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal\" he heard stories about Sadie's personal history. He didn't include them in the book, but he did write about them in letters during 1929. Bat Masterson, a friend of Wyatt Earp's who was in Tombstone from", "id": "2859256" }, { "contents": "Constance Ford\n\n\n, \"Lariat\"), \"Bat Masterson\", \"The Phil Silvers Show\", \"Have Gun – Will Travel\", \"Rawhide\", \"\", \"Tombstone Territory\" (episode \"Silver Killers\"), \"Gunsmoke\", \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\", \"\", and in \"The Twilight Zone\" episode \"Uncle Simon\". She also appeared on the NBC interview program \"Here's Hollywood\". One of her \"Perry Mason\" episodes is on display as part of the", "id": "14523770" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nNovember 6, 1877, Masterson was elected county sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, by the narrow margin of three votes. Within a month of Masterson's election, on December 6, 1877, Ed Masterson replaced Larry Deger as city marshal of Dodge, so together the Masterson brothers controlled the city and county police forces. On February 1, 1878, Sheriff Masterson captured the notorious outlaws Dave Rudabaugh and Ed West, who were wanted for an attempted train robbery. Two more of the train robbers were caught by Bat and", "id": "5107643" }, { "contents": "Wild Bill Hickok (film)\n\n\nCity when Wild Bill Hickok was murdered in 1876. Earp served as a technical adviser on the film. Because the role of Earp's character in the movie is so small, Bert Lindley is not listed on some descriptions of the movie and this portrayal of Earp is often overlooked. Alan Barra, author of \"Inventing Wyatt Earp: His Life and Many Legends\", overlooked this movie in his biography. Hart thought a great deal of Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson, and after Masterson's death in 1921, dedicated his", "id": "1897986" }, { "contents": "Mason Alan Dinehart\n\n\nteach the young man maturity. In a 1956 episode \"Bat Masterson Again,\" Earp shows young Masterson on the proper use of a pistol. During this time Masterson was elected sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, which includes the county seat of Dodge City. Bill Tilghman had been denied the right to run for sheriff again. Earp as an appointed town marshal works with an elected sheriff, and their differences in jurisdiction do not cause any problems. Bat's brother, Ed Masterson, played by Brad Johnson, formerly the", "id": "13459021" }, { "contents": "Erin O'Brien (actress)\n\n\ntelevision shows as \"Bat Masterson\" with Gene Barry, \"Sugarfoot\", \"Cheyenne\" with Clint Walker, \"Maverick\" with James Garner, \"Colt .45\", \"The Asphalt Jungle\", \"Laramie\", \"Tombstone Territory\" and \"Death Valley Days\". O'Brien was a singer on \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" on CBS-TV (1950-1952), \"The Eddie Fisher Show\" on NBC-TV (1957-1959), and the syndicated \"The Liberace Show\"", "id": "18872542" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nage 19 (described as his \"concubine\"). City Marshal James Masterson, Bat's younger brother, was listed on the same census as living with Minnie Roberts, age 16. Not long after this census was taken, Bat Masterson received a telegram from Ben Thompson asking Bat to save Ben's troublesome brother, Billy Thompson, from almost certain lynching in Ogallala, Nebraska. Billy Thompson had shot the thumb off a man named Tucker, who, despite missing a digit, managed to fire back and seriously wound Billy", "id": "5107648" }, { "contents": "Christopher Masterson\n\n\nChristopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on \"Malcolm in the Middle\". He is the younger brother of Danny Masterson, and the older half-brother of Alanna Masterson, and Jordan Masterson. Masterson played Geoff in the direct-to-video movie \"\", the sequel to \"Dragonheart\". Masterson is best known for playing the character of trouble-making Francis in the sitcom \"Malcolm in the Middle\". He", "id": "5616304" }, { "contents": "Mason Alan Dinehart\n\n\nsurviving children. A son, Scott Dinehart, died in 2010 of an emergency hip operation. He has two children each from his first and second marriages to Evelyn Myers (1954–1958) and Barbara Blakely (1958–1965), respectively. In 1982, he married for the fourth time; he and the former Miranda Gazal have four children. Dinehart played the youthful Bat Masterson who is the understudy of Wyatt Earp in learning the proper techniques of frontier law enforcement. Earp rarely calls him \"Bat\" but \"Mr. Masterson\" to", "id": "13459020" }, { "contents": "Kent Taylor\n\n\n, two Union and one Confederate, traveling together through the American West after the Civil War. \"The Rough Riders\" aired thirty-nine episodes from 1958 to 1959. Other minor screen credits include \"My Little Margie\", \"Tales of Wells Fargo\", \"Zorro\", \"Riverboat\", \"The Rifleman\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Sugarfoot\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Laramie\", \"Mr. Lucky\", \"Tightrope\", \"Peter Gunn\", \"Hawaiian Eye\"", "id": "11468937" }, { "contents": "Pamela Duncan (actress)\n\n\ntelevision appearances included \"Pony Express\", \"Maverick\", \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", \"Colt .45\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Sea Hunt\", and in 1959 she appeared in \"Bat Masterson,\" as Rachel Lowery in the episode \"Lady Luck.\" In still another 1959 appearance, Duncan was cast as Princess Nadja in the episode, \"RX: Slow Death\", on the syndicated anthology series, \"Death Valley Days\", hosted by Stanley Andrews. On", "id": "9006020" }, { "contents": "Christopher Masterson\n\n\n. He also played Scotty O'Neal in the movie \"My Best Friend's Wedding\". In 2012, Masterson had a guest role on the TBS series \"Men at Work\" as a concierge named Archie. His brother, Danny Masterson, plays Milo on the show, but the two did not share any scenes together. In the 2010s, he transitioned into deejaying. Masterson was born on Long Island, New York, the son of Carol Masterson, a manager, and Peter Masterson, an insurance agent. Masterson,", "id": "5616306" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n's most iconic people, places, and events, and his life and likeness are frequently depicted in American popular culture. Masterson was born on November 26, 1853, at Henryville, Quebec, in the Eastern Townships of what was then known as Canada East. He was baptized under the name Bartholomew Masterson. Masterson was the second child of Thomas Masterson (or Mastersan), who was born in Canada to an Irish family, and Catherine McGurk (or McGureth), who was born in Ireland. The other six Masterson", "id": "5107634" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nwho observed that \"Bat has at last fallen into a dead easy game.\" Masterson returned to Denver for several more years. On April 6, 1897, serving as a deputy sheriff of Arapahoe County, he got into a dispute on election day with a Tim Connors. Masterson drew his pistol and Connors attempted to seize it. During the scuffle, the gun discharged and C.C. Louderbaugh was shot in the left wrist. On April 9, 1899, Masterson became a partner in a boxing club called the Colorado Athletic Association", "id": "5107668" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson (TV series)\n\n\n\" (1991) Barry played Masterson, also with O'Brian as Earp, as well as Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick and Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie. TGG Direct released seasons the first and second seasons on DVD in Region 1 on January 29, 2013. The third and final season was released on November 5, 2013. Due to licensing issues, the episode \"Terror on the Trinity\" is not included. Dell Comics issued nine issues of a quarterly \"Bat Masterson\" comic book between Aug./Oct. 1959 and Nov. 1961", "id": "13771693" }, { "contents": "Western (genre)\n\n\nyear for television Westerns was 1959, with 26 such shows airing during primetime. At least six of them were connected in some extent to Wyatt Earp: \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Broken Arrow\", \"Johnny Ringo\", and \"Gunsmoke\". Increasing costs of American television production weeded out most action half hour series in the early 1960s, and their replacement by hour-long television shows, increasingly in color. Traditional Westerns died out", "id": "17904465" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson (TV series)\n\n\nclothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble. Masterson was also portrayed as a ladies' man who traveled the West looking for women and adventure. The black derby, fancy decorative vest, black jacket, and elegant pearl-tipped cane were his trademarks. Miniaturized toy versions were marketed to children as tie-in products during the run of the series. \"Bat Masterson\" guest stars included the character actor Robert F. Simon, who appeared as Harrison Whitney in the episode \"", "id": "13771686" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\naccidentally, or not, hit by one of King's bullets and was killed. King died of his wounds. Masterson was shot in the pelvis but recovered. Masterson soon settled in Dodge City. On June 6, 1877, Masterson tried to prevent the arrest of Robert Gilmore, who was known to the locals as \"Bobby Gill.\" Masterson managed to wrap his arms about the girth of the 315 pound city marshal, Lawrence Edward \"Larry\" Deger, thereby permitting Gill to escape. Masterson was grabbed by friends", "id": "5107641" }, { "contents": "Richard Arlen\n\n\n, and in three episodes of the series about clergymen, \"Crossroads\". In 1960, Arlen was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with a motion pictures star at 6755 Hollywood Boulevard for his contributions to the film industry. In 1968, he appeared on \"Petticoat Junction\"...playing himself. The episode was called \"Wings\" and it was in direct reference to the 1927 silent movie \"Wings\". Arlen appeared in westerns, such as \"Lawman\", \"Branded\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"", "id": "17247784" }, { "contents": "Wyatt Earp\n\n\nshot by the Earps, stating, \"The whole series of killings cannot be classed other than cold blooded murder.\" Famous lawman Bat Masterson described Wyatt in 1907. Wyatt was reputed to be an expert with a revolver. He showed no fear of any man. The \"Tombstone Epitaph\" said of Wyatt, \"bravery and determination were requisites, and in every instance proved himself the right man in the right place\". Wyatt was lucky during the few gun fights he took part in from his earliest job as", "id": "15159732" }, { "contents": "Prostitution in the United States\n\n\nused as prostitutes. In 1881, the Bird Cage Theatre opened in Tombstone, Arizona. It included a brothel in the basement and 14 cribs suspended from the ceiling, called cages. Local men such as Doc Holliday, Bat Masterson, Diamond Jim Brady, and George Hearst frequented the establishment. In the late 19th century, newspapers reported that 65,000 white slaves existed. Around 1890, the term \"red-light district\" was first recorded in the United States. From 1890 to 1982, the Dumas Brothel in Montana was", "id": "22191947" }, { "contents": "DeForest Kelley\n\n\nDays\", \"Riverboat\", \"The Fugitive\", \"Lawman\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Have Gun - Will Travel\" and \"Laredo\". He appeared in the 1962 episode of \"Route 66\", \"1800 Days to Justice\" and \"The Clover Throne\" as Willis. He had a small role in the movie \"The View from Pompey's Head\". For nine years, Kelley primarily played villains. He built up an extensive list of credits, alternating between television and motion", "id": "797888" }, { "contents": "Mason Alan Dinehart\n\n\nthe Brown Derby restaurants in Los Angeles. By the time Dinehart left \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", Gene Barry had already assumed for nearly a year the role of a more mature Masterson, one in his early forties, in the NBC western series \"Bat Masterson\". Some viewers complained of the change in actors portraying Bat Masterson, but in time Barry was the one most remembered for the role, not Dinehart, who left show business. Dinehart's first acting role was uncredited as \"Superman\"", "id": "13459024" }, { "contents": "Robert J. Wilke\n\n\n's \"The Tall Man\", Kirby Grant's \"Sky King\", Andrew Duggan's \"Lancer\", Robert Conrad's \"The Wild Wild West\", and the ABC family western \"The Monroes\". Wilke appeared as a dishonest fight promoter in the 1958 episode \"The Fighter\" of NBC's western series, \"Bat Masterson\", having engaged on screen in fisticuffs with Gene Barry, who played Masterson. In 1960 Wilke was cast as Red Dog Hanlon in the episode \"End of a Dream\"", "id": "9346787" }, { "contents": "Gunfighter\n\n\nas much \"self-promotion\" as anything else; such was the case of Bat Masterson. Wyatt Earp with his brothers Morgan and Virgil along with Doc Holliday killed three outlaw Cowboys in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. He has been said to have been involved in more than one hundred gunfights in his lifetime. But Prof. Bill O'Neal cites just five incidents in his \"Encyclopedia of Western Gunfighters\". Earp expressed his dismay about the controversy that followed him his entire life. He wrote in", "id": "8691429" }, { "contents": "Night Game (film)\n\n\nbetter; it's a different kind of locale.' Critical to the movie was the availability of the Dome, he said. Filming during the games was limited to capturing crowd reaction, wide-angle shots of the teams and the occasional player at bat. Dodgers outfielder Mike Marshall was, like Davis, expected to hit a homer, Masterson said. But the director found that dingers in the Dome aren't all that common. 'We tried our best, but he didn't cooperate,' Masterson smiled, admitting", "id": "13080083" }, { "contents": "John Joshua Webb\n\n\nway. Webb drifted to Dodge City, Kansas, where he came into contact with several notable personalities of the old west, including Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson. While there, he took part as a member of several posses and served as a deputy. By January 1878, Bat Masterson was the newly appointed sheriff of Ford County. Masterson deputized Webb and two others, Kinch Riley and Dave \"Prairie Dog\" Morrow, to track down outlaws who had robbed a train. One of those outlaws was \"Dirty Dave\"", "id": "3644873" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nincident, the \"Rocky Mountain News\" described Masterson as one \"who pleases the ladies\", and Nellie McMahon Spencer as \"a beautiful woman, with a fine wardrobe and a sweet voice.\" Three days later, Nellie filed for divorce and the Denver papers were quick to report that Nellie had \"eloped\" with Masterson. No record has been found of the two ever getting married, and she soon disappeared from Masterson's life. Masterson dealt faro for \"Big Ed\" Chase at the Arcade gambling house.", "id": "5107661" }, { "contents": "Ed Masterson\n\n\nmight have shot Wagner at least. However, far more of the published accounts by those who were in Dodge City at the time were clear that Bat shot both Wagner and Walker. This is supported by accounts by another Masterson brother, Tom, and Alf Walker's family always believed that Bat had shot him. The recent discovery of two court cases in which Bat testified that he had shot both men when it was hardly in his interests to do so means that it is now generally accepted that Bat avenged his brother.", "id": "16099159" }, { "contents": "Matt Dallas\n\n\nwith Mischa Barton in James Blunt's music video for \"Goodbye My Lover\" and in 2008 he starred in Katy Perry's music video for \"Thinking of You\". Dallas was cast in ABC's \"Eastwick\", playing Roxie's (Rebecca Romijn) love interest. In 2009, it was announced that Dallas would be appearing in the movie \"Beauty and the Briefcase\" with Hilary Duff. Dallas was in an indie western film called \"The First Ride of Wyatt Earp\" as Bat Masterson, which was released", "id": "9167811" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\npercent, 22-karat real man. Bat was a good hater and a wonderful friend. He was always stretching out his hand to some down-and-outer. He had a great sense of humor and a marvelous fund of reminiscence, and was one of the most entertaining companions we have ever known. There are only too few men in the world like Bat Masterson and his death is a genuine loss.\" Masterson was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx. His full name, William Barclay Masterson, appears above his", "id": "5107682" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n. Masterson took Billy Thompson out of Ogallala by a midnight train bound for North Platte, Nebraska. In North Platte, Masterson was provided with assistance by William F. \"Buffalo Bill\" Cody, who promptly offered to help. According to Masterson, he and Billy Thompson \"were given a royal welcome and were immediately taken in charge by Colonel Cody, who found a safe place for us to remain until he could outfit us for the trip across the country to Dodge City.\" This episode was reported in the \"Dodge", "id": "5107649" }, { "contents": "Luke Short\n\n\nthe middle when two saloon owners want to take over a third establishment, the Long Branch Saloon. Paul Brinegar played the role of James H. \"Dog \" Kelley, the mayor of Dodge City. On January7, 1960, an episode called \"The Pied Piper of Dodge City\" (Season2, episode13) was broadcast on the \"Bat Masterson\" TV series which starred Gene Barry as Masterson. In that episode an actor named Donald \"Red\" Barry, who was no relation to Gene Barry, portrayed Short. That", "id": "12937812" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nCockrell pointed to a young man nearby and said it was Masterson and that he had killed 26 men. Cockrell then regaled the reporter with several lurid tales about Masterson's supposed exploits, and the reporter wrote them up for the \"New York Sun\". The story was widely reprinted in papers all over the country. Cockrell subsequently apologized to Masterson, who insisted he was not even in Gunnison at the time. Masterson was appointed city marshal of Trinidad, Colorado, on April 17, 1882. He had hardly settled into", "id": "5107654" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nto Denver, with humiliating results. Two conflicting versions are given for what caused his final departure from Denver. Masterson's story was that an irate woman belted him with an umbrella on May 2, 1902, when she took exception to an \"undesirable\" such as Masterson trying to cast his ballot at a local election. An alternate version states that Masterson had become a dangerous drunk who was run out of Denver for being a public nuisance. Whatever actually happened, Masterson left Denver and never returned. By June 6,", "id": "5107670" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson (TV series)\n\n\nfour episodes of \"Bat Masterson\". Diane Brewster, also known as \"Beaver\" Cleaver's second-grade teacher \"Miss Canfield\" in \"Leave It to Beaver\" and as gambler \"Samantha Crawford\" in \"Maverick\" opposite James Garner and Jack Kelly as well as in a single episode of \"Cheyenne\", played the role of Miss Lynn Harrison in the 2-part episode \"The Conspiracy\" (1959). Kevin Hagen appeared as Ace Williams in \"The Fourth Man\" (1961). Lon Chaney", "id": "13771690" }, { "contents": "The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\n\n\nre-released the first season on DVD on December 13, 2011. Season two was released on March 12, 2013. O'Brian recreated the role of Earp in two episodes of the CBS television series \"Guns of Paradise\" (1990) alongside Gene Barry as Bat Masterson and again in 1991 in \"\", also with Barry as Masterson. An independent movie, \",\" was released in 1994 featuring new footage of O'Brian as Earp mixed with flashbacks consisting of colorized scenes from the original series. The new sequences co", "id": "19343284" }, { "contents": "Hugh O'Brian\n\n\nHe played the last character that John Wayne ever killed on the screen in Wayne's final movie, \"The Shootist\" (1976). O'Brian appeared in fight scenes with a Bruce Lee lookalike in Lee's last – partially completed – film, the controversial \"Game of Death\". O'Brian recreated his Wyatt Earp role for three 1990s projects: \"Guns of Paradise\" (1990) and \"\" (1991), with fellow actor Gene Barry doing likewise as lawman Bat Masterson for each, as well as the independent", "id": "16274891" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nthat Peacock fire him, but Peacock refused. Their disagreement grew until threats were made, prompting the telegram. Masterson arrived in Dodge City on April 16, 1881, where he accosted Updegraff and Peacock. Recognizing Masterson, Updegraff and Peacock retreated behind the jail and exchanged gunfire with him. Who had fired first is not clear. Citizens ran for cover as bullets ripped through the Long Branch Saloon. Other individuals began firing in support of both sides until Updegraff was wounded. Mayor A.B. Webster arrested Masterson. Afterward, Masterson learned", "id": "5107652" }, { "contents": "Allison Hayes\n\n\nthough she remained constantly employed and found work as a model. During 1963 and 1964, she played a continuing role in the \"General Hospital\" but by this time her movie career was virtually over. In 1958, she appeared in the recurring role of Ellie Winters, beautiful poker dealer/secret agent, in seven episodes in the western series \"Bat Masterson\" starring Gene Barry. A close friend of Raymond Burr since filming \"Count Three and Pray\", she made five guest appearances on \"Perry Mason\" during", "id": "16045686" }, { "contents": "Ed Masterson\n\n\nThe first incident occurred in November 1877, when he was shot in the breast by Bob Shaw in the \"Lone Star Dance Hall\". Although his right arm was paralyzed, Ed switched his gun to his left hand and shot Shaw in the arm and leg. After Masterson's recovery, he replaced Larry Deger as the town marshal. It is commonly believed that he replaced lawman Wyatt Earp, but it was actually Deger. On March 15, 1878, Masterson assisted his brother Bat Masterson, who was the Ford County", "id": "16099154" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nhis $75-a-month marshal's job when Wyatt Earp requested his help to prevent the extradition of Doc Holliday from Colorado to Arizona. Masterson took his case directly to Colorado Governor Frederick W. Pitkin, who listened to Masterson's appeal and finally refused to grant Holliday's extradition. However, Masterson's rescue of Doc Holliday, as well as his nightly \"moonlighting\" as a faro dealer, spelled doom for his career as city marshal of Trinidad. On March 28, 1883, a local paper noted: \"There are", "id": "5107655" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nnow two 'bankers' running for city offices – Mr. Taylor of the Las Animas County Bank, and Mr. Masterson of the bank of 'Fair O.' Both have a large number of depositors – one of time depositors and the other receives his deposits for keeps.\" On April 3, 1883, Masterson was defeated by a lopsided vote of 637 to 248. Masterson's term as city marshal of Trinidad ended just in time for him to come to the aid of his friend, Luke Short, who had been run", "id": "5107656" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n1902, Masterson was in New York City, where he and two other men were arrested on a bunco charge. Masterson and his companions were accused of fleecing George H. Snow, a Mormon elder, out of $17,000. Two days after his arrest, Masterson complained to a reporter, \"This fellow Gargan who arrested me is a warm baby – in his mind. He thinks all people are suckers. That's the trouble with these mush-headed coppers. Give them a political job to keep from starving and they", "id": "5107671" }, { "contents": "Wyatt Earp in popular culture\n\n\nand Bill Tilghman to help clean up a wild cowtown. Promotional copy for the film prominently mentioned Earp: \"Back in the days when the West was young and wild, \"Wild Bill\" fought and loved and adventured with such famous frontiersmen as Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp.\" Earp was described in the promotional copy as \"Deputy Sheriff to Bat Masterson of Dodge City, known as one of the three greatest gun-men that ever lived, along with Bat Masterson and \"Wild Bill\" Hickok\". In reality", "id": "232345" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson (TV series)\n\n\npeace officer Wyatt Earp. Dinehart left the series, and Barry was cast as a 40-something Masterson in a separate series on a different network. In the year 1958-1959 both actors were featured in the role of Masterson. The theme song was sung by Bill Lee, a member of the Mellomen. The series consisted of three seasons and 107 episodes: Barry recreated the role of Bat Masterson in an episode of the television series \"Guns of Paradise\" (1990), alongside Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp. In \"", "id": "13771692" }, { "contents": "Mad Movies with the L.A. Connection\n\n\n- Billy the Kid, Bat Masterson and Doc Holliday (Jack Buetel, Thomas Mitchell, Walter Huston) rub elbows in this offbeat version of Howard Hughes' classic; plus the Home Movie, \"Un-Electric Cowboy\". Episode #122 *\"Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939)\" - In this spoof, the masked avenger (Reed Hadley) faces a deadly challenge from a mechanical villain; plus the Home Movie, \"Zombie Kids\". Episode #123 *\"The Divorce of Lady X (1938", "id": "20405010" }, { "contents": "Wild Bill Hickok (film)\n\n\nDecember 3, 1923. Despite his very small role, Earp was prominently featured in the promotional copy as \"Deputy Sheriff to Bat Masterson of Dodge City, known as one of the three greatest gun-men that ever lived, along with Bat Masterson and 'Wild Bill' Hickok... Back in the days when the West was young and wild, 'Wild Bill' fought and loved and adventured with such famous frontiersmen as Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp.\" In reality, Earp was a virtually unknown assistant marshal in Dodge", "id": "1897985" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\ninvolved in a divorce scandal. The trouble began in a Denver theater on September 18, 1886, when a comedian named Lou Spencer, who was performing on stage, spotted his wife, Nellie, seated in the audience on Masterson's knee. Spencer cut short his routine and confronted Masterson, who hit Spencer across the face with his pistol. Nellie Spencer watched from the wings while the two men slugged it out. Finally, they were arrested, fined, and released a short time later. In its account of the", "id": "5107660" }, { "contents": "Bill Tilghman\n\n\n's home to inform him of his nomination. While in New York, Tilghman looked up his old friend Bat Masterson, who was now a journalist working for the \"New York Morning Telegraph\". Masterson introduced Tilghman to President Theodore Roosevelt, who defeated Alton Brooks Parker in the 1904 election. Tilghman's being a Democrat probably accounted for his failure to receive the appointment from Roosevelt that he coveted above all others – U.S. Marshal of Oklahoma. Roosevelt had offered the position to Masterson, who turned it down. For a while", "id": "21410267" }, { "contents": "Maverick (TV series)\n\n\nmovie briefly depicted Kelly and other Western characters and actors from various earlier television series, including \"Bat Masterson\" (Gene Barry), \"Wyatt Earp\" (Hugh O'Brian), the \"Rifleman\" (Chuck Connors) and his son Mark (Johnny Crawford), Caine from \"Kung Fu\" (David Carradine), \"The Westerner\" (Brian Keith), a thinly disguised \"Virginian\" (James Drury) and Trampas (Doug McClure, who had appeared briefly as a hotel clerk in a first season", "id": "10459508" }, { "contents": "Columbia Features\n\n\n, when he became the writer of the \"Rip Tide\" and \"Bat Masterson\" strips. \"Bat Masterson\" was illustrated by Howard Nostrand and Bob Powell. (Notably, Nostrand was assisted [on backgrounds] by future comic book superstar Neal Adams who had just graduated from the School of Industrial Arts; it was among his first professional art jobs.) The Davy Crockett strip, though not a success, was notable for the fact that Jack Kirby ghosted the art in the early months of 1956. Both \"", "id": "11741504" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nIn 1888, he managed and then purchased the Palace Variety Theater. There, Masterson probably first met an Indian club swinger and singer, Emma Moulton. The pair subsequently lived together and they were widely reported to have married in Denver on November 21, 1891, although no record of the marriage has been found. The only known source for that date was given by Masterson's brother, Thomas Masterson, years after Bat had died. Emma was not divorced from her first husband, Edwin Winford Moulton, until November 9,", "id": "5107662" }, { "contents": "Kelly Masterson\n\n\nsaid: Subsequent to his success with \"Before the Devil Knows You're Dead\", he has worked in several media including stage plays, film and television. Masterson's play \"Edith.\" about Woodrow and Edith Wilson premiered at the Berkshire Theater Festival in 2012. He also collaborated with Korean director Bong Joon-ho on the critically acclaimed \"Snowpiercer\", an English-language production that received a North American release in 2014. Masterson wrote the teleplay for the television movie, \"Killing Kennedy\", which aired", "id": "4955617" }, { "contents": "The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\n\n\na point of not taking money, but is willing to challenge Earp until he is overcome by his own drunkenness.Mike Ragan played Clay Allison in a 1957 episode, \"The Time for All Good Men\". Mason Alan Dinehart, or Alan Dinehart, III, son of film stars Alan Dinehart and Mozelle Britton, was cast in 34 episodes between 1955 and 1959 as Bat Masterson, a role filled on the NBC series of the same name by the late Gene Barry. Dinehart played Masterson from the ages of 19 to", "id": "19343267" }, { "contents": "Frank H. Maynard\n\n\nas early as 1876. Maynard sang one of his poems over the grave of his friend, Ed Masterson, Marshal of Dodge City and brother of Bat Masterson. Marshal Ed Masterson was killed in a gunfight on April 9, 1878, in Dodge City, Kansas. Maynard wrote the author Jack London, who urged him to write short articles for magazines before trying to produce a book-length manuscript of Maynard's days in the Old West. In 1911, Maynard produced \"Rhymes of the Range and Trail,\" copyrighted", "id": "14934930" }, { "contents": "Ed Masterson\n\n\nsheriff at that time, and lawman Charlie Bassett in the capture of two train robbery suspects. Later that same month, Masterson announced publicly that he had a new plan to rid Dodge City of vagrancy and street violence, which included the disarming of gun-carrying men inside the city limits, with immediate implementation. On April 9, 1878, while attempting to disarm a drunken cowboy, Jack Wagner, Ed was shot once in his right side. Bat Masterson, who was nearby, responded, ran across the street,", "id": "16099155" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n; Masterson's column not only covered boxing and other sports, but frequently gave his opinions on crime, war, politics, and other topics as well. He became a close friend of President Theodore Roosevelt and was one of the \"White House Gunfighters\" who received federal appointments from Roosevelt, along with Pat Garrett and Ben Daniels. By the time of his death in 1921, Masterson was known throughout the country as a leading sports writer and celebrity. He is remembered today for his connection to many of the Wild West", "id": "5107633" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nof Deger and pistol-whipped by the lawman. The following day, Masterson was fined $25 for disturbing the peace. Bobby Gill, the cause of Masterson's fine, was assessed only $5. During July 1877, Masterson was hired to serve as under-sheriff to Sheriff Charles E. Bassett. Bassett was prohibited by the Kansas State Constitution from seeking a third consecutive term. With the job up for grabs, Masterson decided to run for the office. Masterson's opponent turned out to be Larry Deger. On", "id": "5107642" }, { "contents": "Ed Masterson\n\n\nEd Masterson (September 22, 1852 – April 9, 1878) was a lawman and the oldest brother of the American West gunfighters Bat Masterson and James Masterson. Of Irish descent, Edward John Masterson was born in Henryville in Canada East. In the early 1850s, his family moved to the area about Wichita, Kansas. Prior to beginning his lawman career, he and his two brothers worked as buffalo hunters. During his service as deputy marshal and then marshal of Dodge City, Kansas, Ed Masterson was shot twice.", "id": "16099153" }, { "contents": "James Masterson\n\n\nJames Masterson (September 18, 1855 – March 31, 1895), also known as Jim Masterson, was a lawman of the American West and the youngest brother of gunfighters and lawmen Bat Masterson and Ed Masterson. After working on the western frontier as a buffalo hunter with his brothers, he returned to Kansas. He and Ben Springer were the co-owners of the successful \"Lady Gay Dance Hall and Saloon\" in Dodge City, which employed the popular singer Dora Hand. Masterson became the assistant marshal in Dodge City", "id": "16218419" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nBartholemew William Barclay \"Bat\" Masterson (November 26, 1853 – October 25, 1921) was a U.S. Army scout, lawman, professional gambler, and journalist known for his exploits in the 19th-century American Old West. Born to a working-class Irish family in Quebec, Masterson moved to the Western frontier as a young man and quickly distinguished himself as a buffalo hunter, civilian scout, and Indian fighter on the Great Plains. He later earned fame as a gunfighter and sheriff in Dodge City, Kansas,", "id": "5107631" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n1893. When they were later enumerated in the 1910 U.S. Census, Bat and Emma claimed that they had been married for 17 years, suggesting a marriage date of 1893. Masterson's biographer has raised the possibility that they were married on November 21, 1893, two weeks after Emma's divorce from Edwin Moulton. The two were traveling through the eastern states at that time, but an actual marriage record has not been found. It was in Denver that Masterson met and began a long-term friendship with the infamous confidence", "id": "5107663" }, { "contents": "The Ark (Doctor Who)\n\n\nof the Guardians; however, he remained uncredited. Richard Beale, who provided the disemboded voice of the invisible Refusian, later played Bat Masterson in \"The Gunfighters\" (1966). Michael Sheard made the first of six appearances in \"Doctor Who\"; he subsequently appeared in \"The Mind of Evil\" (1971) with Jon Pertwee, \"Pyramids of Mars\" (1975) and \"The Invisible Enemy\" (1977) with Tom Baker, \"Castrovalva\" (1982) with Peter Davison and \"Remembrance", "id": "2517635" }, { "contents": "Wyatt Earp in popular culture\n\n\nEarp's character in the movie was very small. He appears at the back of a crowd scene when Hickok meets some gentlemen on the city street. Bert Lindley is not listed on some descriptions of the movie and this portrayal of Earp is often overlooked, as in the biography \"Inventing Wyatt Earp: His Life & Many Legends\". Earp served as a technical adviser on the film. In the film, Hickok calls on his friends Earp, Calamity Jane, Bat Masterson, Doc Holliday, Charlie Bassett, Luke Short", "id": "232344" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n. Within a few days, Masterson was excluded from the organization by his partners. Masterson retaliated on April 18 by founding a rival club, the Olympic, with himself as president. Masterson received favorable media coverage from a Denver newspaper called \"George's Weekly\", where he was employed as sports editor. In September 1900, Masterson sold his interest in the Olympic Athletic Club and made another visit to New York City. Masterson had decided to settle in New York City, but had a sudden change of heart and returned", "id": "5107669" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\n1921. In 1905, Alfred Henry Lewis published \"The Sunset Trail\", a fictionalized biography of Masterson. Lewis encouraged Masterson to write a series of sketches about his adventures, which were published by Lewis in \"Human Life\" magazine. In 1907, Masterson provided five biographical studies of Ben Thompson, Wyatt Earp, Luke Short, Doc Holliday and Bill Tilghman. Masterson explained to his audience what he felt were the best properties of a gunfighter. Other articles were supposed to be in Masterson's\" Human Life\" series", "id": "5107673" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nfeaturing the then 61-year-old Masterson's introduction in that role was included in a documentary called \"Legendary Champions 1882–1929\". Alfred Henry Lewis introduced Masterson to President Theodore Roosevelt, and the two formed a friendship that resulted in Masterson being a frequent White House guest and also included regular correspondence. President Roosevelt arranged for Masterson's appointment as deputy U.S. Marshal for the Southern District of New York. On February 2, 1905, Roosevelt wrote Masterson a letter which concluded with the lines: \"You must be careful not to gamble", "id": "5107676" }, { "contents": "Charlie Bassett\n\n\nof his first acts was to appoint Bassett as his under-sheriff. In addition to serving as Bat Masterson's under-sheriff, Bassett was also serving as assistant city marshal under Bat's brother, City Marshal Edward J. Masterson. He was still serving as sheriff when he got the appointment during December, 1877. \"The Dodge City Times\" reported, \"Sheriff Bassett has been appointed by Mayor [James H.] Kelley to assist Marshal [Edward J.] Masterson in preserving order and decorum in the city. Mr.", "id": "6259151" }, { "contents": "Charlie Bassett\n\n\nBassett has had thorough training and is a good man for the place.\" On January 27, 1878, Dave Rudabaugh and four others attempted to hold up a train at Kinsley, Kansas. On February 1, a posse led by Sheriff Bat Masterson captured two of the robbers - Dave Rudabaugh and Edgar West. Charlie Basset assisted his two bosses, Sheriff Bat Masterson and Marshal Ed Masterson, in the capture of two more of the train robbers right in Dodge City. Dodge City's most colorful and tragic year was 1878", "id": "6259152" }, { "contents": "The Gunfighters\n\n\n, in the role of Captain Wrack, and as Val in the 2011 episode \"Closing Time\". Richard Beale, who played Bat Masterson, had previously provided the voice of a disembodied Refusian in \"The Ark\" (1966). This story is notable for being the first \"Doctor Who\" episodes to contain musical narration, in the form of the \"Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon\". It was sung by Lynda Baron and written by Tristram Cary. The ballad itself is included as an extra on the", "id": "5538142" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\ndied the next day, but Walker was taken back to Texas and recovered. More violence followed on October 4, 1878, when a variety actress named Dora Hand, known professionally as \"Fannie Keenan,\" was shot and killed by James Kenedy, son of the wealthy Texas cattleman, Miflin Kenedy. Masterson's posse, which included Wyatt Earp and Bill Tilghman, captured Kenedy the following day after Masterson shot him in the left arm, and other posse members killed his horse. Santa Fe Railroad officials had wired Sheriff Bat", "id": "5107645" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nMasterson asking him to recruit men to battle the forces of the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad, which were contesting the right-of-way through the Royal Gorge near Pueblo, Colorado. As a sheriff in Kansas, Masterson had no authority in Colorado, but this did not prevent him from enlisting a large company of men. Among Masterson's recruits were such noted gunmen as Ben Thompson, \"Mysterious Dave\" Mather, John Joshua Webb, and possibly Doc Holliday. The end of Masterson's involvement came on June", "id": "5107646" }, { "contents": "Bat Masterson\n\n\nMasterson's employment as a deputy U.S. Marshal, which resulted in Masterson being terminated on August 1, 1909. For the remaining 12 years of his life, Masterson covered the major boxing events of that era for the \"New York Morning Telegraph\". On April 5, 1915, the 61-year-old Masterson was in Havana, Cuba, attending the heavyweight championship fight between Jack Johnson and Jess Willard. As he arrived, he posed for a newsreel cameraman. In the brief film clip, he doffs his hat, smiles", "id": "5107678" } ]

[ { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nEaster eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are sometimes decorated. They are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colored foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. However, real eggs continue to be used in Central and Eastern European tradition", "id": "9379246" }, { "contents": "Easter food\n\n\nThe holiday of Easter is associated with various Easter customs and foodways (food traditions that vary regionally). Preparing, coloring, and decorating Easter eggs is one such popular tradition. In Greece, the traditional Easter meal is mageiritsa, a hearty stew of chopped lamb liver and wild greens seasoned with egg-and-lemon sauce. Traditionally, Easter eggs, hard-boiled eggs dyed bright red to symbolize the spilt Blood of Christ and the promise of eternal life, are cracked together to celebrate the opening of the Tomb of", "id": "15386108" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nvisit families with girls and women. Water, perfume or perfumed water is sprinkled on the women and girls of the house by the visiting men, who are given in exchange an Easter egg. Traditionally Easter ham, colored boiled eggs and horseradish sauce is consumed on Sunday morning. In Poland, white sausage and mazurek are typical Easter breakfast dishes. The butter lamb (Baranek wielkanocny) is a traditional addition to the Easter meal for many Polish Catholics. Butter is shaped into a lamb either by hand or in a lamb-", "id": "7678547" }, { "contents": "Easter\n\n\nat his crucifixion. As such, for Christians, the Easter egg is a symbol of the empty tomb. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute decorated chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans. A custom originating in Germany, the Easter Bunny is a popular legendary anthropomorphic Easter gift-giving character analogous to Santa Claus in American culture. Many children around the world follow the tradition of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving baskets of candy. Since the", "id": "9379341" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nof a dove, representing peace and the holy spirit, which following a wire in turn lights a cart containing pyrotechnics in the small square before the Cathedral.. Church bells are silent as a sign of mourning for one or more days before Easter in The Netherlands, Belgium and France. This has led to an Easter tradition that says the bells fly out of their steeples to go to Rome (explaining their silence), and return on Easter morning bringing both colored eggs and hollow chocolate shaped like eggs or rabbits. In both", "id": "7678550" }, { "contents": "Easter Bunny\n\n\nassociated with Easter specifically in medieval Europe, when eating them was prohibited during the fast of Lent. A common practice in England at that time was for children to go door-to-door begging for eggs on the Saturday before Lent began. People handed out eggs as special treats for children prior to their fast. As a special dish, eggs would probably have been decorated as part of the Easter celebrations. Later, German Protestants retained the custom of eating colored eggs for Easter, though they did not continue the tradition", "id": "3191802" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nkingship, with decorated ostrich eggs, and representations of ostrich eggs in gold and silver, were commonly placed in graves of the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians as early as 5,000 years ago. These cultural relationships may have influenced early Christian and Islamic cultures in those areas, as well as through mercantile, religious, and political links from those areas around the Mediterranean. The Christian custom of Easter eggs, specifically, started among the early Christians of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs with red coloring \"in memory of the blood of Christ,", "id": "9379249" }, { "contents": "Easter Bunny\n\n\nThe Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the \"Easter Hare\" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored eggs in his basket, candy, and sometimes also toys to the homes of children, and", "id": "3191799" }, { "contents": "History of Fredericksburg, Texas\n\n\nComanches signaled each other about the progress of the treaty negotiations by lighting huge fires on the hills. Settler mothers calmed their children by giving a twist on the traditional German story of Easter fires, and telling children the fires on the hills were lit by bunnies who were boiling water to make eggs for Easter morning. In some versions of the story, the Comanches lit the fires to celebrate the signing of the treaty, and the bunnies were boiling Texas wildflowers to make the colors for the eggs. The pageant is held traditionally", "id": "9279759" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nthe one who's egg is the last surviving is called \"borak\" (, \"fighter\"). The tradition is to display the decorated eggs on the Easter table together with the Easter dinner consisting of roasted lamb, a salad called \"Easter salad\" (lettuce with cucumbers), and a sweet bread called kozunak. In the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and some parts of Hungary, a tradition of spanking or whipping is carried out on Easter Monday. In the morning, men spank women with a special handmade", "id": "7678542" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\n. In New Zealand, the Auckland Easter Show is an annual tradition, also. There are a large number of traditional Easter games and customs in the Christian world. Many of these games incorporate Easter eggs. Although adopted into the Christian tradition of Easter, these games are probably based in ancient fertility cults (this is a classic example of syncretism). Of these the most well known, widespread and popular until the modern times are the egg rolling, egg hunt, egg tapping, and egg dance. Their rules may", "id": "7678568" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nhe pointed to an egg on his table and stated, \"Christ has no more risen than that egg is red.\" After making this statement it is said the egg immediately turned blood red. Red Easter eggs, known as \"kokkina avga\" (κόκκινα αυγά) in Greece and \"krashanki\" in Ukraine, are an Easter tradition and a distinct type of Easter egg prepared by various Orthodox Christian peoples. The red eggs are part of Easter custom in many areas and often accompany other traditional Easter foods. Passover haminados", "id": "9379276" }, { "contents": "Peter Carl Fabergé\n\n\nrequesting that there be two eggs each year, one for his mother (who was eventually given a total of 30 such eggs) and one for his wife, Alexandra (who received another 20). These Easter gift eggs are today distinguished from the other jeweled eggs Fabergé ended up producing by their designation as \"Imperial Easter eggs\" or \"Tsar Imperial Easter eggs\". The tradition continued until the October Revolution when the entire Romanov dynasty was executed and the eggs and many other treasures were confiscated by the interim government.", "id": "17115846" }, { "contents": "Easter egg tree\n\n\nA German tradition of decorating trees and bushes with Easter eggs is known as the Ostereierbaum, or Easter egg tree. A notable example is the \"Saalfelder Ostereierbaum\" (Saalfeld Easter egg tree) in Saalfeld, Thuringia. The tradition in Germany to decorate the branches of trees and bushes with eggs for Easter is centuries old, but its origins have been lost. The egg is an ancient symbol of life all over the world. Eggs are hung on branches of outdoor trees and bushes and on cut branches inside. The custom", "id": "14966229" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nthe children (and adults) break them over each other's heads. In order to enable children to take part in egg hunts despite visual impairment, eggs have been created that emit various clicks, beeps, noises, or music so that visually impaired children can easily hunt for Easter eggs. Egg rolling is also a traditional Easter egg game played with eggs at Easter. In the United Kingdom, Germany, and other countries children traditionally rolled eggs down hillsides at Easter. This tradition was taken to the New World by European", "id": "9379268" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nSince its origins, Easter has been a time of celebration and feasting and many traditional Easter games and customs developed, such as egg rolling, egg tapping, pace egging, cascarones or confetti eggs, and egg decorating. Today Easter is commercially important, seeing wide sales of greeting cards and confectionery such as chocolate Easter eggs as well as other Easter foods. Even many non-Christians celebrate these features of the holiday while ignoring the religious aspects. Despite Malaysia being a Muslim majority country, Easter is celebrated in the states of", "id": "7678540" }, { "contents": "Easter in Latvia\n\n\norder for eggs to be diverse, they were boiled with colorful cloth. In one area, grits are poured in, while in other, people added colorful birch leaves, fir needles, cells, a variety of flowers, herbs or just reel them with a colorful yarn. Every family have a different way of following this tradition. Wizards also colored eggs in ancient times, and laid them under the horse or cattle's troughs, to cast a misfortune of cattle plague on whoever they wanted. People were afraid of such", "id": "7002378" }, { "contents": "Egg rolling\n\n\nEgg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"probably\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring", "id": "9667151" }, { "contents": "Paska (bread)\n\n\n\" (in Ukrainian). In Iran and the diaspora, Assyrians will eat a Paska cake on Easter, \"Ida Gura\". The tall cake is decorated with a cross on top to represent Calvary, the place of Jesus' crucifixion, and surrounded with colored eggs to symbolize the people who visited Jesus during his death and were at his cross. Pască is a traditional Romanian and Moldovan pastry. Pască is composed with eggs, sour cream, fresh cheese like urdă, raisins and sugar, and is especially made for", "id": "7023839" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\n. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red \"in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion.\" This custom of the Easter egg can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Russia and Siberia through the", "id": "9379247" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\n, which may be left by the Easter Bunny. They may also be put in a basket filled with real or artificial straw to resemble a bird's nest. The Easter egg tradition may also have merged into the celebration of the end of the privations of Lent in the West. Historically, it was traditional to use up all of the household's eggs before Lent began. Eggs were originally forbidden during Lent as well as on other traditional fast days in Western Christianity (this tradition still continues among the Eastern Christian Churches)", "id": "9379254" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\n\" and in Greece it is known as \"tsougrisma\". In South Louisiana, this practice is called pocking eggs and is slightly different. The Louisiana Creoles hold that the winner eats the eggs of the losers in each round. In the Greek Orthodox tradition, red eggs are also cracked together when people exchange Easter greetings. Egg dance is a traditional Easter game in which eggs are laid on the ground or floor and the goal is to dance among them without damaging any eggs which originated in Germany. In the UK the", "id": "9379271" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nfolklorists began to speculate about the possibility. There are good grounds for the association between hares (later termed Easter bunnies) and bird eggs, through folklore confusion between hares' forms (where they raise their young) and plovers' nests. In Judaism, a hard-boiled egg is an element of the Passover Seder, representing festival sacrifice. The children's game of hunting for the afikomen (a half-piece of matzo) has similarities to the Easter egg hunt tradition, by which the child who finds the hidden", "id": "9379281" }, { "contents": "Easter postcard\n\n\nEaster postcards are a form of postcard that people send to each other at Easter. They have now mostly changed to e-cards rather than postcards, but their purpose remains the same. The tradition of sending Easter postcards to relatives and friends developed during the end of the 19th century. Although only a few were sent in 1898, the cards subsequently became popular worldwide. In the beginning, monochrome as well as colored cards were printed. Most of the time, the center of the cards contained an oversized egg. During", "id": "22192890" }, { "contents": "The Egg Tree\n\n\negg tree\" is an illustrated book, with the image of a rooster blowing a horn standing on an decorated Easter egg on the cover of the book. Bright colors yellow in contrast with green. The illustration goes on through the pages with a Pennsylvania Dutch traditions of art that can be considered eye pleasing and easy to read. The book \"The egg tree\" tells the history of two children named Katy and Carl, they are going to their grandmothers farm in Red Hills, Pennsylvania, this is the first time the", "id": "15015786" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\n. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia, a basket of food is prepared, covered with a handmade cloth, and brought to the church to be blessed. A typical Easter basket includes bread, colored eggs, ham, horseradish, and a type of nut cake called \"potica\". In Hungary, Transylvania, Southern Slovakia, Kárpátalja, Northern Serbia - Vojvodina, and other territories with Hungarian-speaking communities, the day following Easter is called \"Locsoló Hétfő\", \"Watering Monday\". Men usually", "id": "7678546" }, { "contents": "Easter egger\n\n\nIn current American usage, an Easter egger or Easter-egger is any chicken that possesses the \"blue egg\" gene, but doesn't fully meet any breed standard defined in the American Poultry Association's (APA) standards, or in the case of Easter Egger bantams, the American Bantam Association's (ABA) standards. The name derives from the resemblance of their colorful eggs to Easter eggs and for many years most hatcheries mistakenly labeled their Easter eggers as Ameraucanas or Araucanas. The Araucana, Ameraucana, and Easter eggers", "id": "352956" }, { "contents": "Culture of the Czech Republic\n\n\n. Easter, or \"Velikonoce\" (meaning \"great nights\"), is a very cheerful and lighthearted holiday in the Czech Republic. Red is a very commonly worn color during this time, because it symbolizes joy, health, happiness, and new life that comes with spring. Families decorate Easter eggs elaborately together. Another Easter tradition is the whipping of other's legs with the pomlázka, which is a willow switch. Willow twigs are braided together and then are used by young boys to whip the girls' bottom", "id": "20780565" }, { "contents": "Pie (game)\n\n\nthe Pieman gives slower, or smaller Pies a \"head-start\" against the Buyer. Should the Pie be \"tagged\" during his flight to the Goal, he becomes the Buyer, the Buyer becomes a Pie, and play resumes in a similar manner. A variation of the game for children who may have limited knowledge of pie flavors is Easter Eggs. Here, players are given colors (red, blue, green, purple，etc.) rather than pie fillings. The Pieman becomes The Easter Bunny and the seating", "id": "17346267" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\ndance is called the hop-egg. The Pace Egg plays are traditional village plays, with a rebirth theme. The drama takes the form of a combat between the hero and villain, in which the hero is killed and brought back to life. The plays take place in England during Easter. In 1873 J.S. Fry & Sons of England introduced the first chocolate Easter egg in Britain. Manufacturing their first Easter egg in 1875, Cadbury created the modern chocolate Easter egg after developing a pure cocoa butter that could be moulded into", "id": "9379272" }, { "contents": "Easter Bunny\n\n\nof fasting. Eggs boiled with some flowers change their color, bringing the spring into the homes, and some over time added the custom of decorating the eggs. Many Christians of the Eastern Orthodox Church to this day typically dye their Easter eggs red, the color of blood, in recognition of the blood of the sacrificed Christ (and, of the renewal of life in springtime). Some also use the color green, in honor of the new foliage emerging after the long-dead time of winter. The Ukrainian art", "id": "3191803" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nSabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia as there is a significant Christian indigenous population in both states. Many central and eastern European ethnic groups, including the Albanians, Armenians, Belarusians, Bulgarians, Croats, Czechs, Estonians, Georgians, Germans, Hungarians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Macedonians, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Serbs, Slovaks, Slovenes, and Ukrainians, decorate eggs for Easter. In Bulgaria, the Easter eggs are decorated on Thursday or Saturday before Easter. Widespread tradition is to fight with eggs by pair, and", "id": "7678541" }, { "contents": "Easter egger\n\n\nare descended from the same foundation stock that spread around the world from Chile and the Falklands. Because of the many breeds that go into them, Easter eggers come in many colors and patterns. The pigment oocyanin deposited on the surface of the shell accounts for the blue-green color. Easter eggers are hardy and excellent layers. Their eggs vary in shade from blue to green and in some cases even pink. An Easter egger crossed with a variety that lays dark-brown eggs, such as the Marans, will result", "id": "352957" }, { "contents": "Alexander III of Russia\n\n\n), Michael (b. 1878) and Olga (b. 1882). Of his five surviving children, he was closest to his youngest two. In 1885 it was Alexander who commissioned Peter Carl Fabergé to produce the first of what were to become a series of jeweled Easter eggs (now called \"Fabergé eggs\") for her as an Easter gift, the First Hen egg, which delighted her immensely and became an annual Easter tradition for Alexander and, upon his succession, for his son Nicholas as well. Each summer", "id": "1524748" }, { "contents": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\n\n\nback to Kidville and explains the problem. Hallelujah and the children dip the eggs in various bowls of paint as a way of tricking Gadzooks. He lies to the bear, saying he is on his way to sell colored stones as paperweights. Gadzooks, befuddled by Sunny's lie, lets him go, demanding he bring him eggs. Sunny makes it into Town again, passing out his eggs to all the townspeople, including King Bruce, who crowns him the Easter Bunny, Royal Knight of the Rainbow Eggs and he and", "id": "16315102" }, { "contents": "Easter\n\n\nrabbit is a pest in Australia, the Easter Bilby is available as an alternative. Manufacturing their first Easter egg in 1875, British chocolate company Cadbury sponsors the annual Easter egg hunt which takes place in over 250 National Trust locations in the United Kingdom. On Easter Monday, the President of the United States holds an annual Easter egg roll on the White House lawn for young children. Easter eggs are a widely popular symbol of new life in Poland and other Slavic countries' folk traditions. A batik-like decorating process known", "id": "9379342" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nThe egg is seen by followers of Christianity as a symbol of resurrection: while being dormant it contains a new life sealed within it. Similarly, in the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, the so-called święconka, i.e. blessing of decorative baskets with a sampling of Easter eggs and other symbolic foods, is one of the most enduring and beloved Polish traditions on Holy Saturday. During Paschaltide, in some traditions the Pascal greeting with the Easter egg is even extended to the deceased. On either the second Monday or Tuesday of", "id": "9379258" }, { "contents": "Egg as food\n\n\n(usually by dying, but often by spray-painting). A similar tradition of egg painting exists in areas of the world influenced by the culture of Persia. Before the spring equinox in the Persian New Year tradition (called \"Norouz\"), each family member decorates a hard-boiled egg and they set them together in a bowl. In Northern Europe and North America, Easter eggs may be hidden by adults for children to find in an Easter egg hunt. They may be rolled in some traditions. In", "id": "6148913" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nsettlers, and continues to this day each Easter with an Easter egg roll on the White House lawn. Different nations have different versions of the game. In the North of England, during Eastertide, a traditional game is played where hard boiled \"pace eggs\" are distributed and each player hits the other player's egg with their own. This is known as \"egg tapping\", \"egg dumping\", or \"egg jarping\". The winner is the holder of the last intact egg. The annual egg jarping", "id": "9379269" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nwith further symbolism being found in the hard shell of the egg symbolizing the sealed Tomb of Christ — the cracking of which symbolized his resurrection from the dead. The tradition of red easter eggs was used by the Russian Orthodox Church. The tradition to dying the easter eggs in a Onion tone exists in the cultures of Georgia, Belarus, Russia, Czechia and Israel. The colour is made by boiling onion peel in water. When boiling them with onion skins leaves can be attached prior to dying to create leaf patterns. The", "id": "9379262" }, { "contents": "The Egg Tree\n\n\nThe Egg Tree is a 1950 book by Katherine Milhous that won the 1951 Caldecott Medal. Itnis based on the author's family tradition and tells the classic tale of a Pennsylvania Dutch Easter, with its main characters being Katy and Carl. One day, near Easter, they look for Easter eggs and found eggs that their grandmother had painted on a tree. They were interested, so they ask their grandmother about the eggs. They eventually create one, and it becomes a big success the next Easter. The book \"The", "id": "15015785" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nleaves are attached to the eggs before they are dyed with a transparent cloth to wrap the eggs with like inexpensive muslin or nylon stockings, leaving patterns once the leaves are removed after the dyeing process. These eggs are part of Easter custom in many areas and often accompany other traditional Easter foods. Passover haminados are prepared with similar methods. Pysanky are Ukrainian Easter eggs, decorated using a wax-resist (batik) method. The word comes from the verb \"pysaty\", \"to write\", as the designs are", "id": "9379263" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nhidden all over the house and garden. Other traditions involve parents telling their children that eggs and other treats, such as chocolate eggs or rabbits, and marshmallow chicks (Peeps), have been delivered by the Easter Bunny in an Easter basket, which children find waiting for them when they wake up. Many families observe the religious aspects of Easter by attending Sunday Mass or services in the morning and then participating in a feast or party in the afternoon. Some families have a traditional Sunday roast, often of either roast lamb", "id": "7678562" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\njewelled Easter eggs made by the Fabergé firm for the two last Russian Tsars are regarded as masterpieces of decorative arts. Most of these creations themselves contained hidden surprises such as clock-work birds, or miniature ships. In Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, and other Central European countries' folk traditions, and making artificial eggs out of porcelain for ladies is common. Easter eggs are frequently depicted in sculpture, including a sculpture of a pysanka standing in Vegreville, Alberta. While the origin of Easter eggs can", "id": "9379274" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nshaped mold. Preparations for Easter celebration in Ukraine begin weeks before the feast day, with Great Lent being part of it. The Ukrainian Easter eggs include pysanky, krashanky (edible, one-colour dyed eggs), driapanky (a design is scratched on the eggshell) etc. During the Easter Vigil a priest also blesses the parishioners' Easter baskets, which include Easter eggs, paska, butter, cheese, kovbasa, salt and a few other products. With this food, on their return home, people break their", "id": "7678548" }, { "contents": "Ukrainian culture\n\n\n), a type of sausage. Typically bread is a core part of every meal, and must be included for the meal to be \"complete.\" During Christmas, for example, it is the tradition to have a twelve-course meal. Included at Easter are the famous pysanky, which are colored and patterned eggs. Making these eggs is a long process, and they are used for display at the center of the table rather than consumed. Ukrainians often toast to good health, linger over their meal, and", "id": "12123782" }, { "contents": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\n\n\nand thinking his eggs are colored stones again, flings them far, far away. All hope seems lost until all the other children hunt the eggs up in bushes and trees, and Sunny decides that he'll always hide them. Next Easter, Sunny sets out, only to get caught by Gadzooks, who chases him to Kidville, where everybody has all pitched in to make him a brand new Easter outfit made by the Kidville tailors. Touched by their gesture of kindness, Gadzooks becomes their friend. Meanwhile back in Town", "id": "16315104" }, { "contents": "Glyndon, Maryland\n\n\nof Glyndon proper. For many years there has been an Easter Egg Hunt. Currently, this is held the Saturday before Easter in Glyndon Station Park, preceded the night before by an egg-stuffing event held at a neighborhood home and attended exclusively by parents. A long-standing tradition of GCA has been a parade on Independence Day. The parade commences at 10:00 am at the intersection of Albright and Central avenues and proceeds north to Chatsworth, turns left to Railroad Avenue, and then again to the starting point and the", "id": "15885248" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nat Easter originated when they were prohibited during Lent. A common practice in England in the medieval period was for children to go door-to-door begging for eggs on the Saturday before Lent began. People handed out eggs as special treats for children prior to their fast. Although one of the Christian traditions are to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jelly beans. These eggs can be hidden for children to find on Easter morning", "id": "9379253" }, { "contents": "The Biggest Loser (season 11)\n\n\nthe students. Then all the contestants go on a huge Easter egg hunt for 5,000 eggs, including a Golden Egg that comes with a very coveted prize. Each member of the team that collects 600 of their team's colored eggs first wins a pair of tickets to the world premiere of the new movie, Hop. Additionally, each team that completes the challenge will be treated to a sneak preview of the film. Armed with their one-minute head start, the Green Team beats out the Red Team for the premiere", "id": "12632403" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nIn Louisiana, USA, egg tapping is known as egg-knocking. Marksville, Louisiana claims to host the oldest egg-knocking competition in the US, dating back to the 1950s. Competitors pair up on the steps of the courthouse on Easter Sunday and knock the tips of two eggs together. If a participant's egg shell cracks they have to forfeit it, a process that continues until just one egg remains. In the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda, historically famous for growing and exporting the Easter lily, the most", "id": "7678565" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nor the following day when they can pour a bucket of cold water on any man. The habit slightly varies across Slovakia and the Czech Republic. A similar tradition existed in Poland (where it is called Dyngus Day), but it is now little more than an all-day water fight. In Germany, decorated eggs are hung on branches of bushes and trees to make them Easter egg trees. Eggs are also used to dress wells for Easter, the Osterbrunnen, most prominently in the Fränkische Schweiz (Franconian Switzerland)", "id": "7678545" }, { "contents": "It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown\n\n\nall a waste of time, and that the \"Easter Beagle\" will take care of everything. Only Charlie Brown's sister, Sally, believes him, although she remains skeptical after their Great Pumpkin misadventure on Halloween. Peppermint Patty and Marcie attempt to color Easter eggs, but as it is Marcie's first time, she does not know how. Their first attempt fails as Marcie fries the eggs on a griddle. The second attempt fails when she tries cooking more eggs on a waffle iron (for 4 of the eggs", "id": "5648973" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Australia\n\n\nEasterfest an annual Christian Music Festival in Queen's Park Toowoomba and known as the largest drug and alcohol free festival in Australia. Traditional Easter foods commonly consumed in Australia include Hot Cross Buns, recalling the cross of the Crucifixion, and chocolate Easter Eggs – symbolic of the promise of \"New Life\" offered by the Resurrection. Although chocolate eggs are now eaten throughout the period, eggs were traditionally exchanged on Easter Sunday and, as in other nations, young children believe their eggs to be delivered by the Easter Bunny. A", "id": "16456098" }, { "contents": "Pisanica (Croatian)\n\n\nPisanica (pl. \"pisanice\") is a decorated Croatian Easter egg that comes from an old Slavic custom dating back to pagan times. During Easter, eggs would be painted with bright colors, and would be given as gifts, especially to young children or a significant other. Before paint became common, villagers would have to use whatever resources they had available around them to make the dyes and paints themselves. The most common color for eggs was red, due to the abundance of red beets and other vegetables. In", "id": "831383" }, { "contents": "Easter basket\n\n\nAn Easter basket is a special basket used in Easter celebrations. Easter baskets are typically filled with Easter eggs, food, toys, or other gifts depending on one's culture. In the United States, an Easter tradition involves the Easter bunny dropping off a basket of candy for good children overnight. Children leave a basket out overnight which the Easter bunny fills with candy, toys, and gifts on the night before Easter, and children wake up to find their Easter basket. Easter baskets are also used in Easter egg hunts", "id": "4243893" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\na tradition to decorate boiled eggs during Sham el-Nessim holiday, which falls every year after the Eastern Christian Easter. Coincidentally, every Passover, Jews place a hard-boiled egg on the Passover ceremonial plate, and the celebrants also eat hard-boiled eggs dipped in salt water as part of the ceremony. The dyeing of Easter eggs in different colours is commonplace, with colour being achieved through boiling the egg in natural substances (such as, onion peel (brown colour), oak or alder bark or walnut nutshell", "id": "9379260" }, { "contents": "Red\n\n\nhats during folk dances and on traditional Russian shawls. Red berries like the Viburnum opulus are an important component of Russian folk culture which occur in many Russian folk songs, while Kalinka is the most famous of them. Also, Easter eggs in Russia are often colored in red and the color plays a big role in the Russian Orthodox Church, like for example on the Russian icons. In Russia the word color, to paint or to dye means \"krásitʹ\" (Russian: кра́сить) which is also connected to red (", "id": "6274163" }, { "contents": "Pisanka (Polish)\n\n\nPolish pisanka (plural pisanki) or jaja wielkanocne (\"Easter eggs\"); \"piski, kraszonki\" is a common name for an egg (usually that of a chicken, although goose or duck eggs are also used) richly ornamented using various techniques. The word pisanka is derived from the verb 'pisać' which in contemporary Polish means exclusively 'to write' yet in old Polish meant also 'to paint'. Originating as a pagan tradition, pisanki were absorbed by Christianity to become the traditional Easter egg.", "id": "3332427" }, { "contents": "Peter and the Magic Egg\n\n\nhimself. Mother Nature sends a baby, Peter Paas, to help the Dopplers out of their desperate situation. Peter Paas grows up and works on the farm and, in order to pay the mortgage on the farm to Tinwhiskers, he arranges a contract with the Easter Bunny to supply colored eggs for Easter. He is helped by the cast of anthropomorphic farm animals to produce and dye the eggs and make the annual mortgage payment on Easter day. Tinwhiskers, enraged that he cannot repossess the farm, challenges Peter to a", "id": "13672207" }, { "contents": "Pisanka (Polish)\n\n\nthe surrounding area. Oklejanki or wyklejanki are decorated with bulrush pith or yarn. They are common in the Podlaskie region of Poland. In the past, only women decorated eggs. Men were not allowed to come inside the house during the process, as it was believed that they could put a spell on the eggs, and cause bad luck. Today in Poland, eggs and pisanki are hallowed on Easter Saturday along with the traditional Easter basket. On Easter Sunday, before the ceremonial breakfast, these eggs are exchanged and shared", "id": "3332430" }, { "contents": "Egg decorating\n\n\nequinox. This time marks the Persian New Year, and is referred to as Nowruz. Family members decorate eggs together and place them in a bowl. It is said that it is from this cultural tradition that the Christian practice originates. In Egypt, it is a tradition to decorate boiled eggs during Sham el-Nessim, a spring-ushering national holiday celebrated by Egyptians regardless of religion, which falls every year after the Eastern Christian Easter. Although some Orthodox Christian societies sometimes richly decorate their eggs at Easter, like the", "id": "13443419" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nby gaining them from the females in return of whipping them with a pony-tail shaped whip made out of fresh willow branches and splashing them with water, by the Ruthenians called \"polivanja\", which is supposed to give them health and beauty. Cascarones, a Latin American tradition now shared by many US States with high Hispanic demographics, are emptied and dried chicken eggs stuffed with confetti and sealed with a piece of tissue paper. The eggs are hidden in a similar tradition to the American Easter egg hunt and when found", "id": "9379267" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nwith various other symbolic objects. There are sometimes one egg for each member of the family. The ancient Zoroastrians painted eggs for Nowruz, their New Year celebration, which falls on the Spring equinox. The tradition continues among Persians of Islamic, Zoroastrian, and other faiths today. The Nowruz tradition has existed for at least 2,500 years. The sculptures on the walls of Persepolis show people carrying eggs for Nowruz to the king. The Neopagan holiday of Ostara occurs at roughly the same time as Easter. While it is often claimed", "id": "9379279" }, { "contents": "Trans-Siberian Railway (Fabergé egg)\n\n\nThe Trans-Siberian Railway Egg is a jewelled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1900 for Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. It was presented by Nicolas II as an Easter gift to his wife, the Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna. It is currently held in the Kremlin Armoury Museum in Moscow. The exterior of the 1900 Trans-Siberian Railway egg is made of onyx, silver, gold, and quartz, and is decorated with colored vitreous enamel. The lid of the egg is hinged,", "id": "4037464" }, { "contents": "Osterbrunnen\n\n\nThe Osterbrunnen (Easter Well or Easter Fountain) is a German tradition of decorating public wells or fountains with Easter eggs for Easter. It began in the early 20th century in the Franconian Switzerland region of Upper Franconia but has spread to other regions. The decoration is usually kept from Good Friday until two weeks after Easter. Decorating a well for Easter honours water, essential for life, and Easter, the feast of renewed life. In addition to eggs (now often artificial, to guard against vandalism), paper ribbons called", "id": "13937072" }, { "contents": "Cajuns\n\n\n\"La Chandeleur\", or Candlemas (February 2), by Acadians in Nova Scotia. On \"Pâques\" (French for Easter), a game called \"pâquer\", or \"pâque-pâque\" was played. Contestants selected hard-boiled eggs, paired off, and tapped the eggs together – the player whose egg did not crack was declared the winner. This is an old European tradition that has survived in Acadia until today. Today, Easter is still celebrated by Cajuns with the traditional game of \"", "id": "12162101" }, { "contents": "Egg rolling\n\n\nan old Lancashire legend that says the broken eggshells should be crushed carefully afterward or, they would be stolen and used as boats by witches. The eggs were eaten on Easter Sunday or given out to pace-eggers – fantastically dressed characters who processed through the streets singing traditional pace-egging songs and collecting money as a tribute before performing traditional mumming plays. At the Wordsworth museum in Grasmere there is a collection of highly-decorated eggs made for the poet’s children. In Scotland, \"pace-eggin\" is traditional", "id": "9667155" }, { "contents": "Easter egg\n\n\nare prepared with similar methods. Dark red eggs are a tradition in Greece and represent the blood of Christ shed on the cross. The practice dates to the early Christian church in Mesopotamia. In Greece, superstitions of the past included the custom of placing the first-dyed red egg at the home's iconostasis (place where icons are displayed) to ward off evil. The heads and backs of small lambs were also marked with the red dye to protect them. The egg is widely used as a symbol of the start", "id": "9379277" }, { "contents": "Egg tapping\n\n\nin colonial New Amsterdam in the 1600s, \"cracking of eggs\" was invented by Jonathon Day on Easter Monday with the winner keeping both eggs. Egg picking was observed by a British prisoner of war, Thomas Anbury, in Frederick Town, Maryland, in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The local custom at that time was to dye the eggs with Logwood or Bloodwood to give them a crimson color, which as Anbury observed gave them \"great strength\". Thomas Anbury was a young British officer who travelled extensively as", "id": "10741756" }, { "contents": "Egg dance\n\n\nAn egg dance is a traditional Easter game in which eggs are laid on the ground or floor and the goal is to dance among them damaging as few as possible. The egg was a symbol of the rebirth of the earth in Pagan celebrations of spring and was adopted by early Christians as a symbol of the rebirth of man at Easter. Another form of egg dancing was a springtime game depicted in the painting of Pieter Aertsen. The goal was to roll an egg out of a bowl while keeping within a circle drawn by", "id": "10741778" }, { "contents": "The Rocky Horror Show (franchise)\n\n\nminutes and turning to color when Frank-N-Furter appeared, starting with red color on his lipstick and spreading color throughout the picture as the song continued—a direct allusion to \"The Wizard of Oz\". It was vetoed by 20th Century Fox for a more conventional look. In the 25th Anniversary DVD, an Easter egg appears that converts the film to a semblance of O'Brien's original vision, with the film switching to color instantly when Riff Raff swings open the doorway during the Time Warp. \"The Rocky", "id": "8047561" }, { "contents": "Philadelphia Polish American Festival\n\n\nwhere a traditional Polish wedding ceremony (Polskie wesele) takes place; a harvest festival (dożynki) is staged; a Maypole dance is performed; and a demonstration of Polish Easter egg (Pisanka) decorating is conducted. Demonstrations also are held to depict the colorful Górale (Polish highlander) traditions. A series of cooking demonstrations is also held to teach the art of making pierogi, kapusta (sauerkraut) and gołąbki (stuffed cabbage). To enhance an understanding of Polish history, a number of reenactments are conducted. These", "id": "11131441" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nstraight days at Easter, with the exception of grocery stores, which re-open for a single day on the Saturday before Easter Sunday. In Finland and Sweden, traditions include egg painting and small children dressed as witches collecting candy door-to-door, in exchange for decorated pussy willows (called virvonta in Finland). This is a result of the mixing of an old Orthodox tradition (blessing houses with willow branches) and the Swedish Easter witch tradition. Brightly coloured feathers and little decorations are also attached to birch", "id": "7678556" }, { "contents": "Easter egg (media)\n\n\nIn computer software and media, an Easter egg is an intentional inside joke, hidden message or image, or secret feature of a work. It is usually found in a computer program, video game, or DVD/Blu-ray Disc menu screen. The name is used to evoke the idea of a traditional Easter egg hunt. The term was coined to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game \"Adventure\" that encouraged the player to find further hidden messages in later games, leading them on a 'hunt", "id": "9985464" }, { "contents": "Pace Egg play\n\n\nThe Pace Egg Plays are an Easter tradition in rural English culture in the tradition of the medieval mystery plays. The tradition was once widespread throughout England, but is now only practised in a few areas, particularly Lancashire and West Yorkshire. The name \"pace\" is derived from Latin \"pascha\" ('Easter') (c.f. the adjective \"paschal\"). The drama takes the form of mock combat between the hero and villain, in which the hero is killed and brought back to life, often by", "id": "1882019" }, { "contents": "Custom and traditions in Azerbaijan\n\n\nWednesday, Fire Wednesday, Earth Wednesday, Wind or Last Wednesday. Nowruz holiday consists of ceremonies and traditions. People start to clean house, paint eggs, sprout up semeni, make national pastries such as shekerbura, pakhlava, shorgoghal, badambura and a great variety of national cuisine. It is tradition to light a candle matching the number of family members. One of the main attributes of Nowruz is egg. Many nations considered that egg is symbol of life. Each egg colour has its own meaning. Egg painted Red color", "id": "5299061" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nsliced and eaten with a slice of cheese. It is a common practice for employers to make gifts of bun and cheese or a single loaf of bun to staff members. According to the \"Jamaica Gleaner\", \"The basic Easter bun recipe requires wheat flour, brown sugar, molasses, baking powder or yeast and dried fruits.\" Easter egg traditions and the Easter Bunny activities are not widespread in Jamaica. Also, Jamaican traditions include sometimes include throwing garlic onto the floor as a sign of good luck during Easter dinner", "id": "7678567" }, { "contents": "Easter Bunny\n\n\nas such shows similarities to Santa Claus or the Christkind, as they both bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's \"De ovis paschalibus\" ('About Easter Eggs') in 1682, referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children. The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art. In ancient times, it was widely believed (as by Pliny, Plutarch, Philostratus, and Aelian) that", "id": "3191800" }, { "contents": "Isla Salas y Gómez\n\n\n\"Sala\" being a misspelling of Salas. Although there is no evidence that the island has ever been permanently inhabited, Easter Islanders were certainly aware of its existence, as indicated by the pre-European name of the island. Tradition says that the island was occasionally visited to collect fledglings and eggs. The island was said to have been difficult to land upon, because the gods Make-make and Huau protected the seabirds from those who ate their eggs and offspring. Because of these historical connections to Easter Island, Salas", "id": "7171800" }, { "contents": "Egg tapping\n\n\nEgg tapping, or also known as egg fight, egg knocking, egg pacqueing, egg boxing, egg picking, egg chucking, or egg jarping is a traditional Easter game. In English folk traditions, the game has variously been known as \"shackling\", \"jarping\" or \"dumping\". The rule of the game is simple. One holds a hard-boiled egg and taps the egg of another participant with one's own egg intending to break the other's, without breaking one's own. As with", "id": "10741754" }, { "contents": "Hornazo\n\n\n\" is a sweet and dry bread which is decorated with hard-boiled eggs. These dishes are also traditionally consumed in and around Easter. This may be because long ago, eggs were considered a sort of meat, and were therefore prohibited during Lent, a fact that did not stop the chickens from laying eggs. The eggs were preserved by hard-boiling them, and then used for cooking in dishes like hornazo. From this tradition it is probable that Easter eggs came into being, but their exact origins are unknown", "id": "14109369" }, { "contents": "Easter food\n\n\nChrist. In Neapolitan cuisine, the main Easter dishes are the casatiello or tortano, a salty pie made with bread dough stuffed with various types of salami and cheese, also used the day after Easter for outdoor lunches. Typical of Easter lunches and dinners is the fellata, a banquet of salami and capocollo and salty ricotta. Typical dishes are also lamb or goat baked with potatoes and peas. Easter cake is the pastiera. In Russia, red eggs, kulich and paskha are Easter traditions. In Serbia, paretak are traditional", "id": "15386109" }, { "contents": "Easter traditions\n\n\nnotable feature of the Easter celebration is the flying of kites to symbolize Christ's ascent. Traditional Bermuda kites are constructed by Bermudians of all ages as Easter approaches, and are normally only flown at Easter. In addition to hot cross buns and Easter eggs, fish cakes are traditionally eaten in Bermuda at this time. In Jamaica, eating bun and cheese is a highly anticipated custom by Jamaican nationals all over the world. The Jamaica Easter Buns are spiced and have raisins, and baked in a loaf tin. The buns are", "id": "7678566" }, { "contents": "Alsace\n\n\nefforts are continuing. They are mostly found on roofs of houses, churches and other public buildings in Alsace. The Easter Bunny was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's \"De ovis paschalibus\" (About Easter eggs) in 1682 referring to an Alsace tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs. \"Alsatia\", the Latin form of Alsace's name, entered the English language as \"a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction\" prior to the 17th century as a reflection of the British perception", "id": "3656668" }, { "contents": "Egg\n\n\nby spray-painting). Adults often hide the eggs for children to find, an activity known as an Easter egg hunt. A similar tradition of egg painting exists in areas of the world influenced by the culture of Persia. Before the spring equinox in the Persian New Year tradition (called Norouz), each family member decorates a hard-boiled egg and sets them together in a bowl. The tradition of a dancing egg is held during the feast of Corpus Christi in Barcelona and other Catalan cities since the 16th century", "id": "15465761" }, { "contents": "Motu Nui\n\n\nvolcanic mountain which rises over 2,000 meters from the sea bed. It measures 3.9 hectares in land area and is the largest of the five satellite islets of Easter island. The ritual of the \"Bird Man\" cult was a competition to collect the first egg of the manutara. This took place starting from Motu Nui where the Hopu (representatives from each clan) waited for the sooty terns to lay their first eggs of the season. The Hopu who seized the first egg raced to swim back to Easter Island, climbed the", "id": "14190455" }, { "contents": "Easter egg tree\n\n\nis found mostly in Germany and Austria, but also in other German-influenced places such as Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moravia, and the Pennsylvania Dutch region of the United States. Egg trees are also sometimes decorated on May Day, Christmas, Whitsun, and the summer solstice. Other German Easter traditions include the dressing of public wells as Osterbrunnen, Osterhasen (Easter Hares) and Osterfeuer (Easter bonfires). An exceptional example is \"Saalfelder Ostereierbaum\", an apple tree in the garden of Volker", "id": "14966230" }, { "contents": "Easter postcard\n\n\n1906 this was officially allowed by the world-post-congress in Rome. Circa 1910, the cards were mainly monochrome pictures which were sometimes colored with children in the context with lambs, poultry, and eggs. Young girls were a symbol for luck and hope. The Easter bunny which was a personified symbol of fruitfulness, was often portrayed with eggs. German publishers were leading in the production of Easter postcards before the First World War. During the time of the First World War, children were replaced with soldiers and a", "id": "22192892" }, { "contents": "Easter basket\n\n\n, in which children try filling their basket with Easter eggs. In Poland, Święconka or \"the blessing of the Easter baskets\" is a central tradition on Holy Saturday. The tradition dates back to the 7th century in its earliest form. The basket is traditionally lined with a white linen or lace napkin and decorated with sprigs of boxwood (bukszpan), the typical Easter evergreen. Baskets containing a sampling of Easter foods are brought to church to be blessed on Holy Saturday. After the blessing, the baskets of food are", "id": "4243894" }, { "contents": "Winter (Fabergé egg)\n\n\nThe Winter Egg is a Fabergé egg, one of a series of fifty-two jewelled Easter eggs created by Russian jeweler Peter Carl Fabergé. It was an Easter 1913 gift for Tsarina Maria Feodorovna from Tsar Nicholas II, who had a standing order of two Easter eggs every year, one for his mother and one for his wife. It was designed by Alma Pihl. The price in 1913 was 24,700 rubles, the most expensive Easter egg ever made. The egg left Russia after the Revolution, and ended up in the", "id": "3304865" }, { "contents": "Easter bonnet\n\n\nopportunity of the end of Lent to buy luxury items. Now, in a more casual society, Easter Bonnets are becoming harder to find, as fewer and fewer women bother with the tradition. Although the traditional Easter bonnet is a hat with depictions of Easter and spring with bunnies, flowers, eggs, etc., recently more creative designers have been producing full face hat and mask taking the Mantilla head dress from Spain as their inspiration. Some believe this does not reflect the traditional origins of the bonnet, but one can", "id": "6645891" }, { "contents": "Ēostre\n\n\ngoods (\"pastry of heathenish form\"). In addition, Grimm weighed a potential connection to the Slavic spring goddess and the Lithuanian . According to anthropologist Krystal D'Costa, there is no evidence to connect the tradition of Easter eggs with Ostara. Eggs became a symbol in Christianity associated with rebirth as early as the 1st century AD, via the iconography of the Phoenix egg. D'Costa theorizes that eggs became associated with Easter specifically in medieval Europe, when eating them was prohibited during the fast of Lent. D'Costa highlights that a", "id": "12418230" }, { "contents": "Egg\n\n\nUniversity that the rickettsia and viruses that cause a variety of diseases will grow in chicken embryos. This enabled the development of vaccines against influenza, chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever and other diseases. The egg is a symbol of new life and rebirth in many cultures around the world. Christians view Easter eggs as symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. A popular Easter tradition in some parts of the world is the decoration of hard-boiled eggs (usually by dyeing, but often", "id": "15465760" }, { "contents": "Egg rolling\n\n\neach Easter Monday for children (age 13 and younger) and their parents. It is hosted by the President of the United States and the First Lady of the United States. The Egg Roll is a race, where children push an egg through the grass with a long-handled spoon. Surrounding events include appearances by White House personalities in Easter Bunny costumes, speeches and book-reading by cabinet secretaries, and exhibits of artistically-decorated eggs. According to tradition, Dolley Madison, the wife of President James Madison,", "id": "9667157" }, { "contents": "Easter Monday\n\n\nholiday. Traditional activities include painting eggs, taking meals outdoors, and eating feseekh (fermented mullet). In the Republic of Ireland it is a day of remembrance for the men and women who died in the Easter Rising which began on Easter Monday 1916. Until 1966, there was a parade of veterans, past the headquarters of the Irish Republican Army at the General Post Office (GPO) on O'Connell Street, and a reading of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. \"Śmigus-dyngus\" (or \"lany poniedziałek", "id": "11395813" }, { "contents": "Cradle with Garlands (Fabergé egg)\n\n\nThe Cradle with Garlands egg (also known as the Love Trophies egg) is an Imperial Fabergé egg, one of a series of fifty-four jewelled enameled Easter eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family. It was an Easter 1907 gift for Tsarina Maria Feodorovna from her son Tsar Nicholas II, who had a standing order of two Easter eggs every year, one for his mother and one for his wife. Its Easter 1907 counterpart, presented to the Tsar's wife, is the Rose", "id": "20035505" }, { "contents": "HP 200LX\n\n\nthe HP 95LX, the HP 100LX and the HP 200LX are 'Jaguar', 'Cougar' and 'Felix' respectively, and that 'Felix' was the first LX to include Quicken): This easter egg is in the built in System Manager of the HP 200LX. This 'easter egg' is probably more of a development tool than an easter egg, but, in any case, the user may display the function by first pressing the blue [&...] key to start 'More Applications'.", "id": "16342408" }, { "contents": "Italian cuisine\n\n\nthe population from starvation, and is a traditional part of St. Joseph's Day altars and traditions. Other customs celebrating this festival include wearing red clothing, eating Sicilian pastries known as zeppole and giving food to the poor. On Easter Sunday, lamb is served throughout Italy. A typical Easter Sunday breakfast in Umbria and Tuscany includes salami, boiled eggs, wine, Easter Cakes, and pizza. The common cake for Easter Day is the Colomba Pasquale (literally, Easter dove), which is often simply known as \"Italian", "id": "18268396" }, { "contents": "Holy Week\n\n\nincluded. However, Easter Day, which begins the season of Eastertide, is not. However, traditions observing the Easter Triduum may overlap or displace part of Holy Week or Easter itself within that additional liturgical period. Holy Week and Easter Day liturgies attract the biggest crowds of the year. Many cultures have different traditions like Easter eggs, floats, sculptures of Christ's life, arrest and burial and contributing to the Great Feasts, to echo the theme of resurrection. Holy Week in the Christian year is the week immediately before", "id": "18349567" } ]

[ { "contents": "History of Hong Kong\n\n\nThe region of Hong Kong has been inhabited since the Old Stone Age, later becoming part of the Chinese empire with its loose incorporation into the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). Starting out as a farming fishing village and salt production site, it became an important free port and eventually a major international financial centre. The Qing dynasty ceded Hong Kong to the British Empire in 1842 through the treaty of Nanjing, ending the First Opium War. Hong Kong then became a British crown colony. Britain also won the Second Opium War", "id": "12502201" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–Macau relations\n\n\nfirst European colony in East Asia for being occupied by the Portuguese Empire as Tamão in the early 16th Century. The Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Empire in Hong Kong in 1521, and eventually took Macau as their settlement at the Pearl River Estuary as a replacement. Macau had stood long as the most important European entrepot in East Asia since the 17th Century. Only until Hong Kong fell into the British hands in the early 1840s, Macau faced regional competition from a more opened and free British Colony. Since then, Hong", "id": "21145052" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Football Association\n\n\nthe Asian Football Confederation. Hong Kong played an important role in the early development of Asian football, and was given the honour of hosting the first Asian Cup competition in 1956, in which Hong Kong came third in the tournament. Having been a part of the British Empire, and, more recently part of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong fields a separate FIFA-recognised representative team. HKFA is also responsible for operating the Hong Kong national football team (), which represents Hong Kong and competes in international", "id": "20747893" }, { "contents": "Battle of Hong Kong\n\n\nThe Battle of Hong Kong (8–25 December 1941), also known as the Defence of Hong Kong and the Fall of Hong Kong, was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II. On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor, forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the British Crown colony of Hong Kong. The attack was in violation of international law as Japan had not declared war against the British Empire. The Hong Kong garrison consisted of British, Indian and Canadian units besides Chinese", "id": "13874999" }, { "contents": "History of Hong Kong\n\n\nof Chinese would emigrate from China to Hong Kong due to the Taiping Rebellion. Other events such as floods, typhoons and famine in mainland China would also play a role in establishing Hong Kong as a place to escape the mayhem. By the early 19th century, the British Empire trade was heavily dependent upon the importation of tea from China. While the British exported to China luxury items like clocks and watches, there remained an overwhelming imbalance in trade. China developed a strong demand for silver, which was a difficult commodity for", "id": "12502216" }, { "contents": "France–Hong Kong relations\n\n\nWar. As a result of the victory of the joint navy, the Qing Empire ceded Kowloon Peninsular to the British Empire as an extension of the colony of Hong Kong. The French Consulate General Hong Kong in Admiralty, Hong Kong has been the representation of France in Hong Kong. The connection between the two continued when the United Kingdom retreated from Hong Kong in 1997. Since then, Hong Kong had full autonomy in relations with foreign countries in a broad range of appropriate fields. The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office in", "id": "643727" }, { "contents": "France–Hong Kong relations\n\n\nFrance–Hong Kong relations refers to international relations between France and Hong Kong. France and Hong Kong bilateral relations could be traced back to the period of the Second French Empire (1852 to 1870). Hong Kong had been a British colony since the First Opium War. In 1856, a French missionary, Father Auguste Chapdelaine, was executed by Chinese local authorities in Guangxi province, which at that time was not open to foreigners. As a response, the French Empire joined with the British navy and prompted the Second Opium", "id": "643726" }, { "contents": "The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation\n\n\nglobal banking. After the British established Hong Kong as a colony in the aftermath of the First Opium War, merchants from other parts of the British Empire, now in Hong Kong, felt the need for a bank to finance the growing trade, through Hong Kong and sometimes also through Shanghai, between China and British India, the rest of the British Empire and Europe, of goods, produces and merchandises of all kinds, but especially opium, cultivated in or transited (re-exported) through \"the Raj\",", "id": "1682501" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–Qatar relations\n\n\nformer as a British colony and the later as a British protectorate. In 1971, Qatar claimed independence from the United Kingdom. Hong Kong, at that time still a colony of the United Kingdom, strictly follow the British in diplomacy and immediately recognized the independence of Qatar. Only after 1997 when Hong Kong was withdrawn from the British Empire, the two sides were able to independently develop foreign relations in a broad range of appropriate fields. Qatar has a Consulate General in Central, Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Qatar is", "id": "2592369" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong at the Commonwealth Games\n\n\nHong Kong competed at the Commonwealth and British Empire Games as a British colony or dependent territory from 1934 to 1994. The abbreviation for Hong Kong was HKG. In 1997, the United Kingdom handed Hong Kong over to the People's Republic of China, meaning it could no longer participate. After the last games attended by Hong Kong in 1994, Hong Kong had 17 medals, see All-time tally of medals. List of athletes who have competed for the Games for Hong Kong, but did not place in medal standings", "id": "1824921" }, { "contents": "Australia–Hong Kong relations\n\n\nAustralia–Hong Kong relations refers to international relations between Australia and Hong Kong. Australia has extensive and enduring interests in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Commonwealth of Australia supports Hong Kong's \"high degree of autonomy\" under Chinese sovereignty as provided for by the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the Basic Law, and in accordance with China's policy of observing \"one country, two systems\". Both colonies Australia and Hong Kong established by the British Empire in 1788 and 1841", "id": "21236602" }, { "contents": "South Asians in Hong Kong\n\n\nHong Kong has a long-established South Asian population. As of the 2016 by-census, there were at least 44,744 persons of South Asian descent in Hong Kong. Many trace their roots in Hong Kong as far back as when most of the Indian subcontinent was still under British colonial rule, and as a legacy of the British Empire, their nationality issues remain largely unsettled. However, recently an increasing number of them have acquired Chinese nationality. Indians in Hong Kong include citizens of the Republic of India, British citizens", "id": "4482147" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–Pakistan relations\n\n\nIndia, these Pakistanis migrated to British Hong Kong under the identity of British Indians. Nowadays, Pakistani descendants form 0.2% of Hong Kong's total population, with most of them being Muslims. Pakistani communities such as the Pakistani Association of Hong Kong were established in Hong Kong to enhance social relations between the two. In 2014, the value of exports from Hong Kong to Pakistan was worth 1232M Hong Kong dollars, while the importing goods from Pakistan to Hong Kong was worth 2917M Hong Kong dollars. Major exports from", "id": "3388456" }, { "contents": "Bilingualism in Hong Kong\n\n\nGuangzhou) became an official language of Hong Kong when the Chinese population of the colony grew. Hong Kong's population reached 6.99 million in 2006, of which approximately 95% are of Chinese descent, the majority of which was Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew. Hong Kong became a crown colony of the United Kingdom in 1840, and was established as a free port to serve as an entrepôt of the British Empire. The government officials and businessmen from Britain spoke English. The British administration in Hong Kong continued to use English", "id": "4436317" }, { "contents": "Maria Tam\n\n\nbetween the Chinese constitution and the basic law\", especially the protection of human rights. She was appointed by the Beijing government to sit on the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985 which was responsible for the drafting of the Basic Law of Hong Kong, the mini-constitution of the post-1997 Hong Kong. She was also awarded an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1985, and a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1988. She was the founder of the Federation", "id": "11765530" }, { "contents": "Germany–Hong Kong relations\n\n\nGermany–Hong Kong relations refers to international relations between Germany and Hong Kong. Germany and Hong Kong bilateral relations could be traced back to the unification of Germany, when Hong Kong was still a colony of the British Empire, and mostly follow the foreign policies of London. The German Consulate General Hong Kong in Central, Hong Kong has been the representation of Germany in Hong Kong. The connection between the two continued when the United Kingdom retreated from Hong Kong in 1997. Since then, Articles 151, 153 and 155 of", "id": "6152070" }, { "contents": "Prostitution in Hong Kong\n\n\nthe position of women in the British Empire and the Tanka inhabitants of Hong Kong and their position in the prostitution industry, catering towards foreign sailors. The Tanka did not marry with the Chinese; being descendants of the natives, they were restricted to the waterways. They supplied their women as prostitutes to British sailors and assisted the British in their military actions around Hong Kong. The Tanka in Hong Kong were considered \"outcasts\" categorised low class. Ordinary Chinese prostitutes were afraid of serving Westerners since they looked strange to them,", "id": "14074300" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Island\n\n\nremained so until it was ceded to the United Kingdom. ( source of information: https://www.amo.gov.hk/en/archaeology_work.php) Hong Kong island officially became a colony of the British Empire after their forces defeated the Chinese in the First Opium War (1839-1842), it had already been used years earlier as a transhipment point. The island was populated by only a few thousand people when British empire colonized it, and was thus described as being almost uninhabited. The Second World War was a dark period for Hong Kong. In", "id": "12746570" }, { "contents": "History of Hong Kong\n\n\n, forcing the Qing Empire to cede Kowloon in 1860, while leasing the New Territories for 99 years from 1898. Japan occupied Hong Kong from 1941 to 1945 during the Second World War. By the end of the war in 1945, Hong Kong had been liberated by joint British and Chinese troops, and returned to British rule. Hong Kong greatly increased its population from refugees from Mainland China, particularly during the Korea War and the Great Leap Forward. In the 1950s, Hong Kong transformed from a territory of entrepôt trade to", "id": "12502202" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Military Service Corps\n\n\nRibbons had also been presented/granted to some HKMSC soldiers: these include the Queen's Gallantry Medal (QGM), the British Empire Medal (BEM), Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) status and Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) status. HKMSC soldiers paid the United Kingdom income tax (at a 'Hong Kong' rate), via the MoD, like their British counterparts. The unit's headquarters and training depot were originally located in Lyemun", "id": "1691964" }, { "contents": "Canada–Hong Kong relations\n\n\npresence of a huge Canadian community living in Hong Kong. An estimated 300,000 resident Canadian citizens can be found in Hong Kong, making Hong Kong the 2nd largest Canadian community abroad after the United States. Canada and Hong Kong SAR both shares \"birthday\" on the same day, 1 July, as Canada Day and Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day respectively. Both Hong Kong and Canada shared common history for being part of the British Empire. Interactions between Hong Kong and Canada increased with the start of Trans-Pacific services of Canadian", "id": "3023433" }, { "contents": "Barrie Wiggham\n\n\nwas appointed Secretary for the Civil Service and official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. As Hong Kong's pro-democracy leader Martin Lee called out the British for the betrayal as it handed Hong Kong over to China and refused to introduce a democratic system in Hong Kong, Wiggham defended London by saying that it would be counterproductive to develop democratic institutions that China might dismantle. He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1991. In 1993, Wiggham was appointed to the new position", "id": "5235558" }, { "contents": "Donald Liao\n\n\nDuring his government service, he was also an official member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council in 1980 and of the Hong Kong Executive Council in 1985. He was also a member of the Sino-British Joint Liaison Group. He served on the Council of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange from 1991 to 1995. In 1992, he was appointed Hong Kong Affairs Advisor by the Beijing government. For his public service, he was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and Commander of the Order of the", "id": "9344878" }, { "contents": "Sun Ma Sze Tsang\n\n\nhuge amount of donations and were seen by TVB, the largest Hong Kong TV station, as the most important performance in the Tung Wah Charity Show. He, therefore, gained the nickname of 'King of Charitable Opera' in Hong Kong. Sun Ma Sze Tsang was appointed, in 1977, an honorary professor of the University of Cambridge. In 1978, he was made a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE). Sun Ma Sze Tsang suffered from bronchitis and heart diseases. There is", "id": "3745504" }, { "contents": "South Asians in Hong Kong\n\n\nwere around 2,700 soldiers and 4 merchants from the Indian subcontinent. Indian troops and traders played an important role in the early development of Hong Kong. In the early years of British Hong Kong, the Indian gold mohur and the rupee were legal tender. Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) was created in 1864 with 2 Parsees and 1 Indian Jew among the 13 founding committee members. In 1877, 43.24% of goods imported into Hong Kong were from India and 17.62% of exports from Hong Kong went to India", "id": "4482173" }, { "contents": "Kwan Ko Siu-wah\n\n\nBritish Empire (OBE) in 1976. She was also chairwoman of the Hong Kong Christian Council and the Hong Kong Christian Service. She had been member of the Councils of the University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Baptist College. During the transition period, she was appointed by Beijing to the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee (BLCC) in 1985. In 1991, she was also appointed supplementary member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee and Hong Kong Affairs Adviser in 1994. After", "id": "5957021" }, { "contents": "Tang Ping-yuan\n\n\nthe Order of the British Empire in 1968. He also received 3rd class Order of the Sacred Treasure in 1971 for his efforts in improving Hong Kong-Japan relations. He had donated 30 million Hong Kong dollars to build the University Library of the Chinese University of Hong Kong built in 1972. He was also the co-founder of the Community Chest of Hong Kong and its first president. He was also member of the Council of the University of Hong Kong, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and chairman of the Council", "id": "6184750" }, { "contents": "Cantonese people\n\n\ninfluences, sometimes described as \"East meets West\". Hong Kong Island was first colonised by the British Empire in 1842 with a population of only 7,450; however, it was in 1898 that Hong Kong truly became a British colony, when the British also colonised the New Territories (which constitute 86.2% of Hong Kong's modern territory). It was during this period that migrants from China entered, mainly speaking Cantonese (the prestige variety of Yue Chinese) as a common language. During the following century of British rule", "id": "15961884" }, { "contents": "Military history of Hong Kong\n\n\nthis period. The Empire of Han conquered the kingdom of Nanyue in 111 BCE. The extensive shore in the territories of Hong Kong attracted the government office to build fields for the production of salt. It is believed that there was military presence to guard against this important mineral though there is little evidence about it. The Empire of Jin later rules the territories of Hong Kong. In 403, Lo Tun (盧循) occupies the city of Pun Yue, the present-day Guangzhou, and surrounding area. He led a", "id": "2790697" }, { "contents": "The Big Four (novel)\n\n\n, the foe of the British Empire and British civilization in general. The character combined great cruelty with advanced scientific research. In \"The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu\" (1913), the eponymous character is presented as a figure behind Anti-Western actions in British Hong Kong and Chinese Turkestan. He is striking against Western politicians and administrators who are aware of the secret geopolitical importance of Tonkin, Mongolia, and Tibet, using these areas as a keyhole to the gate of the Indian Empire. Fu Manchu's agents", "id": "9117464" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong\n\n\nHong Kong (; , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire at the end of the First Opium War in 1842. Sovereignty over the territory was transferred to China in 1997. As a special administrative", "id": "13004314" }, { "contents": "University of Hong Kong\n\n\nThe University of Hong Kong (HKU) is a public research university in Hong Kong. Founded in 1911, its origins trace back to the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, which was founded in 1887. It is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong. Also, HKU is the first university established by the British Empire in East Asia. As of 2019, HKU ranks second in Asia by QS and fourth by THE, and around top 30 internationally. It has been commonly regarded as one of the most internationalized", "id": "20562430" }, { "contents": "British nationality law and Hong Kong\n\n\ndominion of the British Empire expanded, British subjects included not only persons within the United Kingdom but also those throughout the rest of the British Empire. By this definition, anyone born in Hong Kong after it became a British colony in 1842 was a British subject. The \"Naturalisation of Aliens Act, 1847\" expanded what had been covered in the \"Naturalisation Act, 1844\", which applied only to people within the United Kingdom, to all its dominions and colonies. The Act made provisions for naturalisation as well as allowing", "id": "19068625" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of Hong Kong\n\n\nPresident of the Republic of Indonesia, President of the Republic of Korea and other foreign dignitaries. When Hong Kong was under British rule, most Commonwealth member states, unlike other countries, were represented in Hong Kong by Commissions. However, following the 1997 handover, they were all renamed Consulates-General. Owing to Hong Kong's economic importance, and the large number of British passport holders, the British Consulate-General is the largest of its kind in the world and bigger than many British Embassies and High Commissions abroad.", "id": "13004547" }, { "contents": "Wesley Wan\n\n\nwill lead to Hong Kong hosting a grand prix race one day. My dream is that Hong Kong, like Singapore, Malaysia and China, will be a stop on the grand prix circuit. And as far as a street circuit is concerned, if Monte Carlo and Singapore can have it, why can't Hong Kong?\" Wan also revealed that Hong Kong was sounded out about hosting an F1 race back in 1997, before the former British colony was returned to the Chinese. However the offer was turned down. Wesley", "id": "12757317" }, { "contents": "History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)\n\n\nHong Kong (1800s–1930s) was a period largely dominated by the British Empire. After invading the territory in 19th century during the Opium War, the British gained land in a series of unequal treaties. Hong Kong became one of the first parts of East Asia to undergo industrialisation. China was the main supplier of its native tea to the British, whose annual domestic consumption reached in 1830, an average of per head of population. From the British economic standpoint, Chinese tea was a crucial item since it provided massive wealth for", "id": "4996514" }, { "contents": "Sport in Hong Kong\n\n\nhorse races an investment. Lunar New Year Cup which held in Hong Kong Stadium is famous international football tournament in which is hosted in Hong Kong. Hong Kong's national basketball team regularly qualifies for the FIBA Asia Championship. In club competitions, its team Regal won the 1997 ABC Champions Cup. Cricket in Hong Kong has been played since at least 1841. Like most cricketing nations, it was part of the British Empire. The national cricket team has been active since 1866, and the Hong Kong Cricket Association was granted associate", "id": "10415476" }, { "contents": "Manufacturing in Hong Kong\n\n\nre-exportation industry, which was the most important at the time. At the beginning of the colonial era, all factories in the city used to be owned by the British. The British-owned factories were mainly limited to shipbuilding and rattan furniture. British industrialists did not consider Hong Kong to be favourable for the manufacturing industry because Hong Kong lacked natural resources, and instead focussed on entrepôt trade and such related industries as shipping and banking. Guangdong officials fled to Hong Kong because of the Taiping Rebellion in the 1850s and", "id": "274966" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong 1967 leftist riots\n\n\nthe scope of reforms which transformed lives of residents in Hong Kong, thus becoming one of the Four Asian Tigers. The 1970s marked starting of the Lion Rock Spirit. The Hong Kong Police Force was applauded for its behaviour during the riots by the British Government. In 1969, Queen Elizabeth granted the Police Force the privilege of the \"Royal\" title. This title was to remain in use until the end of British rule in 1997. Hong Kong tycoon Li Ka-shing went on to become Hong Kong's most important", "id": "20564434" }, { "contents": "British Hong Kong\n\n\ncolony, with Japanese businesses replacing the British. However, the Japanese Empire had severe logistical difficulties and by 1943 the food supply for Hong Kong was problematic. The overlords became more brutal and corrupt, and the Chinese gentry became disenchanted. With the surrender of Japan, the transition back to British rule was smooth, for on the mainland the Nationalist and Communist forces were preparing for a civil war and ignored Hong Kong. In the long run the occupation strengthened the pre-war social and economic order among the Chinese business community", "id": "12188355" }, { "contents": "Esing Bakery incident\n\n\nCharles Elliot negotiated the cession of Hong Kong by the Qing dynasty of China to the British Empire in the Convention of Chuenpi. The colony's early administrators held high hopes for Hong Kong as a gateway for British influence in China as a whole, which would combine British good government with an \"intelligent and readily improvable\" Chinese population, as well as facilitating the transfer of coolie labourers to the West Indies. However, the colonial government soon found it difficult to govern Hong Kong's rapidly expanding Chinese population, and was also", "id": "20061855" }, { "contents": "British Empire\n\n\nwith the Falkland Islands, initially wished to hold Hong Kong and proposed British administration with Chinese sovereignty, though this was rejected by China. A deal was reached in 1984—under the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong would become a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, maintaining its way of life for at least 50 years. The handover ceremony in 1997 marked for many, including Charles, Prince of Wales, who was in attendance, \"the end of Empire\". Britain retains sovereignty", "id": "4474997" }, { "contents": "List of Empire ships (A)\n\n\n1946 to Union Castle Mail Steamship Co. Ltd. and renamed \"Drakensburg Castle\". Scrapped in Hong Kong in 1959. \"Empire Alliance\" was a 9,909 GRT tanker built in 1945 by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland and managed by Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co., London. Sold in 1945 to British Tanker Co and renamed \"British Dragoon\". Scrapped at Blyth in 1962. \"Empire Almond\" was a 6,860 GRT cargo ship built in 1941 by Taikoo Dockyard & Engineering Co Ltd, Hong Kong and managed by", "id": "6012321" }, { "contents": "Raymond Harry Shoon Lee\n\n\nEmpire for his war service. Lee returned to Hong Kong after the war and went aboard to the United States and Canada for further education. After his return to Hong Kong in 1948, he became the Chairman of the Hong Kong University Graduates Association, honorary advisor for the otolaryngology at the Queen Mary Hospital and the Kowloon Hospital, member of the British Medical Association and Dental Council of Hong Kong, and lecturer at the University of Hong Kong. In 1953 municipal election, Lee ran with Brook Bernacchi, Woo Pak-chuen", "id": "11895845" }, { "contents": "History of Hong Kong\n\n\nto cede Hong Kong to Britain in the Treaty of Nanking signed on 29 August 1842. Hong Kong became a Crown Colony of the British Empire. Christian missionaries founded many schools and churches in Hong Kong. St Stephen's Anglican Church located in West Point was founded by the Church Mission Society in 1865. Ying Wa Girls' School located in Mid-levels was founded by the London Missionary Society in 1900. The Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese was founded by the London Missionary Society in 1887, and Sun Yat-", "id": "12502218" }, { "contents": "History of Chinese immigration to the United Kingdom\n\n\nHong Kong and to counteract the effects of the emigration of many of its most talented residents. The United Kingdom made a provision to grant citizenship to 50,000 families, whose presence was important to the future of Hong Kong, under the British Nationality Act (Hong Kong) 1990. (See also \"British nationality law\" and \"British nationality law and Hong Kong\"). In 1981, the Census recorded Britain's Chinese population as 154,363. Thirty-five Chinese-language newspapers and 362 periodicals were on sale from seven", "id": "2694265" }, { "contents": "Japanese occupation of Hong Kong\n\n\nmilitary's full-scale invasion of China in 1937, Hong Kong as part of the British empire was not under attack. Nevertheless, its situation was influenced by the war in China due to proximity to the mainland China. In early March 1939, during an Imperial Japanese bombing raid on Shenzhen, a few bombs fell accidentally on Hong Kong territory, destroying a bridge and a train station. In 1936, Germany and the Empire of Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact. In 1937 Fascist Italy joined the pact, forming", "id": "3285604" }, { "contents": "Languages of Hong Kong\n\n\nKong can be traced back to the early days of British Hong Kong. When the Union flag of the United Kingdom was hoisted on 26 January 1841, there were around 2,700 Indian troops that participated, and they played an important role in the development of Hong Kong in the early days. The most prominent contributions were the founding of the University of Hong Kong (HKU), the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) and the Star Ferry. Although nearly all of the Indian people who live in Hong Kong speak", "id": "2224407" }, { "contents": "Raymond Wu (politician)\n\n\nDr. Raymond Wu Wai-yung, GBS (15 May 1936 – 3 October 2006) was a Hong Kong pro-Beijing politician and doctor. Wu was educated at the Wah Yan College, Hong Kong and graduated from the University of Hong Kong with the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (BMMS) in 1963. He served as president of the Hong Kong Medical Association from 1984 to 1988. In 1997, he was decorated the Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his services to psychiatric rehabilitation in Hong", "id": "2369661" }, { "contents": "Li Fook-shu\n\n\nKong. He was appointed unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong on 1 July 1962, succeeding Kwok Chan. He kept on serving on the Legislative Council in 1968. He was also unofficial member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. During the Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots, he called for solidarity of the Hong Kong society against the riots. For his public services, he was awarded the Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE). Li was the third son of Li Koon-chun.", "id": "6115895" }, { "contents": "Chan Wing-kee\n\n\nProfessionals Federation of Hong Kong which derived from the Group of 89. In 1993, Chan became Hong Kong deputy of the National People's Congress, the national legislature of the People's Republic of China (PRC), in which he served on 8th and 9th Congresses. He was also made Justice of the Peace and Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) by the British authorities in the same year. He was appointed Hong Kong Affairs Adviser and member of the HKSAR Preparatory Committee on the eve of the", "id": "6853305" }, { "contents": "Remembrance poppy\n\n\nin exchange for donations around Memorial Day and Veterans Day. In Hong Kong—which was formerly part of the British Empire—the poppy is worn by some participants on Remembrance Sunday each year. It is not generally worn by the public, although The Royal British Legion's Hong Kong and China Branch sells poppies to the public in a few places in Hong Kong only. Since 2014, the Ukrainians have worn the poppy as a symbol of the Victory over Nazism and commemoration of the victims of World War II. It has", "id": "782632" }, { "contents": "List of Empire ships (U–Z)\n\n\nSold in 1948 to Indo-China Steam Navigation Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed \"Choysang\". Sold in 1961 to Hemisphere Shipping Co, Hong Kong and renamed \"Milford\". Sold in 1967 to Continental Navigation Co, Panama and renamed \"Salamanca\". Scrapped in May 1969 in Hong Kong. \"Empire Wold\" was a 268 GRT tug which was built by John Crown & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 24 March 1942 and completed in June 1942. British records state that she was lost on 10", "id": "16828150" }, { "contents": "Politics of Hong Kong\n\n\nto register as a British Nationals (Overseas) automatically became a British Overseas citizen under article 6(1) of the Hong Kong (British Nationality) Order 1986. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, people urged the British Government to grant full British citizenship to all Hong Kong BDTCs – but this request was never accepted. However, it was considered necessary to devise a British Nationality Selection Scheme to enable some of the population to obtain British citizenship. The United Kingdom made provision to grant citizenship to 50,000 families whose presence was important", "id": "13004458" }, { "contents": "Denny Huang\n\n\nwas made Justice of the Peace in 1982 and the Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1986. Huang was one of the earliest leaders in Hong Kong to support the Government of the People's Republic of China to resume the Chinese sovereignty in Hong Kong after 1997. Before the PRC and UK governments began the negotiation over Hong Kong, Huang flew to Beijing to meet with Liao Chengzhi, the then director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office at the People's Great Hall on 25 October 1981. He was", "id": "12152209" }, { "contents": "Mary Wong Wing-cheung\n\n\nMary Wong Wing-cheung, MBE, JP (; October 1920 – 19 March 1973) was a Hong Kong social worker and an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. She was born Shek Shun-kit in Hong Kong in October 1920, was educated at the St. Paul's College. She graduated from the University of Hong Kong in 1941 with a degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1946, she was awarded Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) and was appointed Justice of the Peace", "id": "6116176" }, { "contents": "Punti\n\n\nlargely assimilated into Han Chinese culture. In Hong Kong, \"Punti\" as an ethnic group refers in a strict sense to the Cantonese-speaking indigenous inhabitants of Hong Kong who had settled in Hong Kong before the New Territories of Hong Kong were leased to the British Empire in 1898. Prominently represented by the \"Weitou people\" (圍頭人) – the Hau (), Tang (), Pang (), Liu (), and Man () – these indigenous Punti inhabitants were afforded additional privileges in land ownership", "id": "7530476" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations\n\n\nRiver Delta that is today known as Hong Kong have had a long history, playing a deeply important role in the formation of the modern Hong Kong. Sovereignty of Hong Kong was ceded to the UK \"in perpetuity\" on 29 August 1842 through the Treaty of Nanking. The UK further expanded the territory of Hong Kong in 1860 by another cessation, plus a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. The stability, security, and predictability of British law and government enabled Hong Kong to flourish as a centre for international", "id": "3360607" }, { "contents": "Cricket in Hong Kong\n\n\nCricket has been played in Hong Kong since at least 1841. Like most cricketing nations, it was part of the British Empire. The national cricket team has been active since 1866, and the Hong Kong Cricket Association was granted associate membership of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1969. The national team have played four matches with One Day International status, but have never been granted Test match status. Each year, Hong Kong hosts the Hong Kong Cricket Sixes, an ICC sanctioned event that features teams of six players", "id": "20207104" }, { "contents": "Alan Carter (civil servant)\n\n\none of his assistants, resulted in the introduction of the second-generation computerised Hong Kong identity card as well as the British National (Overseas) passport in 1987. In recognition of his public service, Carter was awarded the Imperial Service Order (ISO) in 1980, the Hong Kong Disciplined Services Medal in 1987 and the Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1988. He was appointed an official Justice of the Peace from 1971 to 1989. As Hong Kong and China started to develop closer ties in the 1980s", "id": "10672240" }, { "contents": "Raymond Chien\n\n\nCommittee on Corruption of the Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Chairman of the Hong Kong/European Union Business Cooperation Committee, and is a Hong Kong member of the APEC Business Advisory Council. He was also a member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong from 1992 to June 2002 under both British Administration and HKSAR. He is currently the chairman of St Stephen's College Council. He was appointed the Justice of the Peace in 1993; named Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1994 and awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star", "id": "11000630" }, { "contents": "Queen's Road, Hong Kong\n\n\nrenamed Queen's Road in March 1842 after Queen Victoria of the British Empire. It was mistakenly translated into Chinese as 皇后, meaning \"queen consort\". When Hong Kong was founded as a British Crown Colony in 1842, Queen's Road was the hub of the island's activity. The development of this island had been haphazard: winding paths connected the Hong Kong Club for tai-pans and ran along squatter huts, military encampments and taverns. The first governors built their homes along Queen's Road; subsequently, the", "id": "15261737" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations\n\n\nother way, a network of 20 internationals schools in Hong Kong run by the English Schools Foundation provides UK curriculum for IB seeking pupils. Hong Kong is one of the annual host on Commonwealth sports calendar the Hong Kong Cricket Sixes every late October. Hong Kong is Britain's 38th most important market for volume of visits and 27th for the amount spent by visitors as of 2013. Two-fifths of Hong Kong visitors to the UK are British citizens and Hong Kongers visiting friends and relatives and on holidays. The UK Home Office", "id": "3360616" }, { "contents": "Kwok Chan\n\n\n. He was rewarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1953 and Légion d'honneur in 1955. He was promoted to Commander of the Order of St John in 1957 and Knight of the Order of St John in 1961. In 1962, he was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 1960, he became vice-chairman of the board of the Hang Seng Bank. He was also director of many companies such as Hong Kong Electric Company, Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company, A. S. Watson", "id": "14469005" }, { "contents": "Cricket Hong Kong\n\n\nwith making Hong Kong a shining light among the associates and building bridges with the government as well as the International Cricket Council. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42), and it was around this time that the first recorded cricket match was played in the colony; in 1841. Ten years later, the Hong Kong Cricket Club was formed, while in 1866, Interport matches were established against Shanghai. In 1890, a further series of matches were started, against The Straights", "id": "13125261" }, { "contents": "Hilton Cheong-Leen\n\n\nAssociation, deputy chairman of the council of the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, member of the Fight Crime Committee, board of governors of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Society and the Hong Kong Academy of Ballet. He was also member of the Wan Chai District Board as an ex officio member. For his public services, he was awarded Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1984. After 34 years of service, Cheong-Leen stepped down as the second longest-serving elected officeholder in Hong Kong", "id": "1931502" }, { "contents": "Cricket in Hong Kong\n\n\nin a six over competition. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42), and it was around this time that the first recorded cricket match was played in the colony; in 1841. Ten years later, the Hong Kong Cricket Club was formed, while in 1866, Interport matches were established against Shanghai. In 1890, a further series of matches were started, against The Straights, and Ceylon. Two years after this, the Hong Kong cricket team was returning from one", "id": "20207105" }, { "contents": "Edwin Richard Hallifax\n\n\nat Chinwontao in 1905; became a District Officer for the Northern Territory, Hong Kong, in 1907 and Secretary for Chinese Affairs in 1913. He was Private Secretary to the Governor 1914–15, and Secretary for Chinese Affairs in the Government of Hong Kong, in 1918. He was awarded an OBE in 1918; CBE in 1922, and CMG in 1925. He was Commissioner for Hong Kong for the British Empire Exhibition 1924–25. Acted as Colonial Secretary, Hong Kong, on various occasions between 1926 and 1932. He learned Chinese", "id": "2906351" }, { "contents": "Japanese people in Hong Kong\n\n\ndid not grow much in the following decade; though Japanese schools continued to operate in Wan Chai and Kennedy Town, by the time of the Japanese declaration of war against the British Empire and the start of the Battle of Hong Kong, the Japanese population of Hong Kong had dropped to 80. Japanese settlers often followed the Imperial Japanese Army, as in the case of Manchukuo in the aftermath of the Mukden Incident; however the 1941–1945 Japanese occupation of Hong Kong was not accompanied by an influx of Japanese civilians, with the exception", "id": "405878" }, { "contents": "Flag of Hong Kong\n\n\nthe Second World War, Hong Kong was seized and occupied by the Empire of Japan. During this time, the Japanese military government used the flag of Japan in its official works in Hong Kong. The occupation ended with the surrender of Japan and the United Kingdom reasserted its control over the territory and the previous colonial flag was reinstituted. The flag was similar in design to that previously used. It featured a British Blue Ensign with local waterfront scene. A coat of arms for Hong Kong was granted on 21 January 1959 by", "id": "9860668" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Island\n\n\nthe 1930s, the British anticipated a Japanese attack on Hong Kong. As Wong Nai Chung Gap was a strategic important place of defence, large-scale defensive works were constructed there, including anti-aircraft batteries, howitzers, and machine gun nests. The Battle of Hong Kong began on 8 December 1941. British, Canadian, Indian armies and the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Forces resisted the Japanese invasion commanded by Sakai Takashi, which began eight hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. However, the Japanese were able to take", "id": "12746571" }, { "contents": "Lei Yue Mun Park and Holiday Village\n\n\nLei Yue Mun Park and Holiday Village () used to be Lyemun Barracks, barracks for the British soldiers stationed in Hong Kong. It is located in the east of Shau Kei Wan, facing Lei Yue Mun, with an area of 22.97 hectares. This is the only Holiday Village in the urban districts of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island and Kowloon). Lyemun Barracks was named after the fishing village of Lei Yue Mun. The old Lyemun Barracks was one of the earliest and most important British Army fortifications in Hong Kong", "id": "18347429" }, { "contents": "Kan Yuet-keung\n\n\nvisit to Beijing, where both of them had a meeting with Deng Xiaoping. Knowing that the Communist China insisted on obtaining Hong Kong by 1997 and the British Government intended to give up over the issue of sovereignty, Sir Yuet Keung felt the future of Hong Kong was less assured. After the visit, he was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE), and retired from the Executive Council in 1980, choosing to fade out from the politics of Hong Kong. Kan was appointed life member", "id": "1303111" }, { "contents": "Wilfred Wong Sien-bing\n\n\nof the British Empire (OBE) in 1967. In 1974, he was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) with another Shanghainese mogul Run Run Shaw. When the Hong Kong Anglican Church founded the Chung Chi College in 1950, his cousin James Pott became the vice-chancellor and Wong became the member of the college council in 1962. He was the chairman of the council from 1976 to 1981, at the time when the college had already been incorporated into the Chinese University of Hong Kong.", "id": "6354665" }, { "contents": "Young Plan (Hong Kong)\n\n\nin Europe, the Labour Party was elected to the government in London. The Labour Government pledged to introduce self-government throughout the British Empire including Hong Kong. Sir Mark Young was the Governor of Hong Kong when the colony fell under the control of Japan on Christmas Day after the Battle of Hong Kong. he spent the war in various prison camps and returned on 1 May 1946. Upon his return, Young announced the plan for constitutional changes on day of the return of the civil government: On 28 August 1946,", "id": "10048931" }, { "contents": "De-Sinicization\n\n\nby Shunzhi and Kangxi after the 1644 Qing invasion of Ming China, in order for them to fight for the Qing against the Russian Empire in the Amur River Basin. Since the British handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, and increasingly since the mid-2000s when travel restrictions on Mainland Chinese citizens to Hong Kong eased, there has been increasing tension between the local Hong Kong population with the Chinese central government and the Mainland-origin population. While a Hong Kong identity has been present since the colonial period, it has become", "id": "15272522" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Telecom\n\n\nTrust, was set up in Hong Kong under the laws of Hong Kong. Domestic telecommunications facilities in Hong Kong became more advanced in 1925 when the Hong Kong Telephone Company Limited (HKTC) took over the interests of John Pender's China and Japan Telephone and Electric Company. The company's mandate included providing all the British colonies with local telephone services. Over the next six decades Hong Kong Telephone's line capacity grew to more than 2.5 million, with the company serving approximately six million people. Telecommunications became increasingly important following World", "id": "5029858" }, { "contents": "Australia–Hong Kong relations\n\n\n, which also on 26 January. Australian gold rushes in the 1850s was the first interaction between Australians and southern Chinese, as the colonial British Hong Kong became the point of departure for immigrants from southern China. White migration within the British empire continued along the sea lines of communication between Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia/New Zealand. After Australia formed their new federal autonomy government in 1901, the \"Immigration Restriction Act 1901\" was implemented to limit non-white immigration (including Eurasians) to Australia. Ethnic Chinese immigration", "id": "21236603" }, { "contents": "Jury system in Hong Kong\n\n\nThe practice of trial by jury has a long history in Hong Kong. Like most jurisdictions with jury trial, this tradition was introduced into Hong Kong when it became a British colony. The Ordinance for the Regulation of Jurors and Juries was first enacted in 1845. Ever since then, the practice of trial by jury has been important part of Hong Kong’s judicial system. This is also recognised in the Basic Law, Article 86: \"The principle of trial by jury previously practised in Hong Kong shall be maintained.\"", "id": "12440566" }, { "contents": "Patrick J. Hurley\n\n\nto Britain until the British promised not to retake Hong Kong, a city that the anti-imperalist Hurley believed rightfully belonged to China. When the American military attache suggested in a cable in March 1945 that the Chinese might be willing to accept Hong Kong being liberated from the Japanese by the British, Hurley wrote to Washington that it was \"British imperialist propaganda-and while supporters of this propaganda may be entitled to their own views in their premises, I know of no reason why American officers serving in China should undertake to", "id": "10962693" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–Nicaragua relations\n\n\nHong Kong–Nicaragua relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Hong Kong and Nicaragua. Hong Kong was a trading outpost of Ming Empire and Nicaragua was part of the transcontinental Spanish Empire in the late 16th Century. Scholar has suggested that the Ming Empire and the Spanish Empire's direct contact could be traced back to the 1570s when the Spaniards were able to establish Manila as a trade base. The pre-modern trans-Pacific linkage had a far-reaching impact that touched areas including Hong Kong and Nicaragua. The trade between", "id": "3545723" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong–Spain relations\n\n\nHong Kong–Spain relations refers to international relations between Hong Kong and Spain. Hong Kong and Spain bilateral relations could be traced back to the Age of Discovery, when Hong Kong was a colony of the Portuguese Empire as Tamão, and a trading outpost of Ming Empire. Scholar has suggested that the Ming Empire and the Spanish Empire's direct contact could be traced back to the 1570s when the Spaniards were able to establish Manila as a trade base. The pre-modern trans-Pacific linkage had a far-reaching impact", "id": "6499651" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom\n\n\nEuropean heritage, and people with ancestries from other parts of the former British colonial empire) born in Hong Kong prior to the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997. The 2001 Census recorded 96,445 Hong Kong-born people residing in the United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics estimates suggest that the Hong Kong-born resident population was 78,000 in 2009. These figures would have excluded people who were born elsewhere, yet raised in and emigrated to the UK from HK, and descendants of Hongkongers born within the UK. According to", "id": "6620348" }, { "contents": "Cheung Chi Doy\n\n\nCheung Chi Doy (or transliterated as Chang Tse Da; born 30 March 1941) is a Hong Kong former professional footballer. Started his career in native Hong Kong, in the British Empire, he also played for English side Blackpool. In international level, he represented Republic of China (aka Taiwan, now Chinese Taipei national team). Cheung was the first Asian football and Hong Kong player to play in Europe. He began his career in the Hong Kong First Division at 14 years of age. In 1960, he", "id": "7309729" }, { "contents": "Tin Ka Ping\n\n\npublic welfare. He was awarded the British Empire Medal in 1982, the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1996, and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2010 by the Hong Kong government. Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui presented him a Gold Plate on Contribution to Public Welfare in 1988. He was named the \"Star of Education\" by the Hong Kong Loving Hearts Campaign. In 1994, the Purple Mountain Observatory named the asteroid 2886 Tinkaping after him. He was an honorary citizen of more than 80 cities", "id": "20097625" }, { "contents": "List of Empire ships (M)\n\n\nin 1946 to British Tanker Co Ltd and renamed \"British Escort\". Sold in 1960 to River Line Ltd, Bermuda and renamed 'Easthill Escort\". Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Scrapped in 1962 in Hong Kong. \"Empire MacCallum\" was an 8,252 GRT MAC cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 12 October 1943 and completed in December 1943. Sold in 1947 to Doris Steamship Co Ltd and renamed \"Doris Clunies\". Operated under the management of", "id": "6343473" }, { "contents": "Sport in Hong Kong\n\n\n-calibre courses, and Deep Water Bay, a short nine hole course in southern Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong Golf Club is considered among the premier golf clubs in Asia and, despite being a private members' club, is open to visitors from Mondays through Fridays. Horse racing is by far the most popular spectator sport in Hong Kong and generates the largest horse race gambling turnover in the world. This British tradition left its mark as one of the most important entertainment and gambling institutions in Hong Kong. Established as the", "id": "10415474" }, { "contents": "David Akers-Jones\n\n\nSir David Akers-Jones (, born 14 April 1927) is a British retired colonial administrator. He was the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1987, and was briefly Acting Governor of Hong Kong. He arrived in Hong Kong in 1957, after serving 3 years in the Malayan Civil Service and began his career in the Hong Kong Government in the summer of 1957. During his long career, Akers-Jones served in many important posts in the Government of Hong Kong, including Principal Assistant Colonial Secretary, Secretary", "id": "4395939" }, { "contents": "Hong Kong Dragon Garden\n\n\nfor 29 years. He received a Member of the Order of the British Empire) from King George VI in 1949. He was awarded an O.B.E (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in 1952 and a C.B.E (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in 1958 by Queen Elizabeth II. He was also conferred a LL.D. (\"honoris causa\") by HKU in 1969. In July 2006, Dr. Lee Iu Cheung's granddaughter, Cynthia Lee Hong Yee founded the Dragon Garden Charitable Trust after the", "id": "15950848" }, { "contents": "Empire\n\n\nPortuguese Empire, which evolved into a Lusophone commowealth, and to the former territories of the extinct Spanish Empire, which alongside the Lusophone countries of Portugal and Brazil, created a Ibero-American commowealth. France returned the French territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan to China in 1946. The British gave Hong Kong back to China in 1997 after 150 years of rule. The Portuguese territory of Macau reverted to China in 1999. Macau and Hong Kong did not become part of the provincial structure of China; they have autonomous systems", "id": "10021266" }, { "contents": "History of Hong Kong\n\n\n, Hong Kong had been liberated by joint British and Chinese troops. The population of Hong Kong had shrunk to 600,000; less than half of the pre-war population of 1.6 million due to scarcity of food and emigration. The communist revolution in China in 1949 led to another population boom in Hong Kong. Thousands of refugees emigrated from mainland China to Hong Kong, and made it an important entrepôt until the United Nations ordered a trade embargo on mainland China due to the Korean War. More refugees came during the Great Leap", "id": "12502230" }, { "contents": "Lo King-man\n\n\nof the international advisory committee of the Beijing Music Festival and the guest professor of the Central Conservatory of Music. He was awarded with the \"Best Stage Design\" by the Hong Kong Federation of Drama Societies, the \"Best Stage Director\" by the Hong Kong Artists' Guild, \"Lifetime Achievement Award\" by the International Society for the Performing Arts and \"Award for Outstanding Contribution in Arts\" by the Hong Kong Arts Development Council. He was awarded Justice of the Peace, Order of the British Empire by the United", "id": "10130881" }, { "contents": "Japanese occupation of Hong Kong\n\n\nThe Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (香港日據時期) began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. The surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the overwhelming Japanese forces that had invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of Second World War. The length of this period (三年零八個月) later became a metonym of the occupation. During the Imperial Japanese", "id": "3285603" }, { "contents": "Handover of Hong Kong\n\n\nBritain's last substantial overseas possession. With a population of about 6.5 million in 1997, Hong Kong constituted 97 per cent of the total population of all British Dependent Territories at the time. The handover is considered by some to definitively mark the end of the British Empire. By the 1820s and 1830s, the British had conquered parts of India and had intentions of growing cotton in these lands to offset the amount of cotton they were buying from America. When this endeavor failed, the British realized they could grow poppies at an", "id": "6246728" }, { "contents": "Pakistanis in Hong Kong\n\n\n, there was growing of the trading ships pass the Hong Kong seaport. The merchant fleets were usually composed by sailors from Pakistan. In 1829, the trade reached its peak and the gate for the early Muslims settling down in Hong Kong had been opened since then. The early seamen mostly came from the shores of Malabar (India), Bay of Bengal, Hazara (Abbottabad), Lahore, Gujarat and Campbellpur (Attock) in Pakistan. With Hong Kong beginning to develop into an important seaport for the British, more", "id": "15899015" }, { "contents": "Cinema of Hong Kong\n\n\nthe Mainland, the occupiers were not able to put together a collaborationist film industry. They managed to complete just one propaganda movie, \"The Attack on Hong Kong\" (1942; a.k.a. \"The Day of England's Collapse\") before the British returned in 1945 (Teo, 1997). A more important move by the Japanese may have been to melt down many of Hong Kong's pre-war films to extract their silver nitrate for military use (Fonoroff, 1997). Postwar Hong Kong cinema, like", "id": "570962" }, { "contents": "Stephen Lam\n\n\nHe held senior positions as Administrative Assistant to the Chief Secretary from 1989 to 1991. He was the Deputy Secretary for Constitutional Affairs from 1994 to 1996. He was the director of the Hong Kong Handover Ceremony Co-ordination Office from 1996 to 1997. In this role he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1997. After the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China, he was the Director of Administration and Development in the Hong Kong", "id": "17054182" }, { "contents": "Jimmy McGregor\n\n\nwas awarded the Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1976. After departing from the civil service, he was the director of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in which he held the position from 1975 to 1988. Under his leadership, the chamber acquired the current office at the United Centre in Admiralty, Hong Kong. He was also the vice-chairman of the Hongkong Chinese Bank. In the 1988 Legislative Council election, the second indirect election to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, McGregor ran in the", "id": "18894203" }, { "contents": "Andrew So\n\n\nthe same time, were generally recognised as unofficial spokesmen for the workers and the underdogs of Hong Kong. He was also member of the Standing Commission on Civil Service Salaries and Conditions of Service and Education Commission. In 1983, he was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services in Hong Kong. In 1994, he was made the Commissioner for Administrative Complaints, the ombudsman of Hong Kong, to succeed Arthur Garcia, by Governor Chris Patten. He held the position until April 1999 when", "id": "5896132" }, { "contents": "George Ronald Ross\n\n\nTenancy Tribunal and the Board of Review of the Inland Revenue Department. Ross was heavily involved in the community, acting as President of the Scouts Association of Hong Kong and Vice-President of Outward Bound since its inception in the sixties. In a more social capacity, he was chairman of the Hong Kong Club in 1962 and Chieftain of the St Andrew's Society in 1969. In 1968 for his services in Hong Kong he was awarded by the Queen with the award of Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE", "id": "6060745" } ]

[ { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\n149, producing α-chymotrypsin (which is more active and stable than π-chymotrypsin). The resulting molecule is a three-polypeptide molecule interconnected via disulfide bonds. \"In vivo\", chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme (serine protease) acting in the digestive systems of many organisms. It facilitates the cleavage of peptide bonds by a hydrolysis reaction, which despite being thermodynamically favorable, occurs extremely slowly in the absence of a catalyst. The main substrates of chymotrypsin are peptide bonds in which the amino acid N-terminal", "id": "7416164" }, { "contents": "Prolyl isomerase\n\n\n\" bonds. Furthermore, some prolyl isomerases have a degree of sequence specificity and therefore may not catalyze the isomerization of prolines in certain sequence contexts. Prolyl isomerase activity was first discovered using a chymotrypsin-based assay. The proteolytic enzyme chymotrypsin has a very high substrate specificity for the four-residue peptide Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe only when the proline peptide bond is in the \"trans\" state. Adding chymotrypsin to a solution containing a reporter peptide with this sequence results in the rapid cleavage of about 90% of", "id": "7852366" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsinogen\n\n\ndigestive tract. This prevents damage to the pancreas or any other organs. It is activated into its active form by another enzyme called trypsin. This active form is called π-chymotrypsin and is used to create α-chymotrypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond in chymotrypsinogen between arginine-15 and isoleucine-16. This creates two peptides within π-chymotrypsin molecule held together by a disulfide bond. One of the π-chymotrypsins acts on another by breaking a leucine and serine peptide bond. The activated π-chymotrypsin reacts with other π-", "id": "39264" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\nChymotrypsin (, chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum, where it performs proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides. Chymotrypsin preferentially cleaves peptide amide bonds where the side chain of the amino acid C-terminal to the scissile amide bond (the P position) is a large hydrophobic amino acid (tyrosine, tryptophan", "id": "7416161" }, { "contents": "OmpT\n\n\ncharged species at the active site during substrate binding. Because of the specificity of the active site, OmpT does not act on peptides with a negatively charged residue adjacent to the scissile bond. Also, OmpT is specifically identified an endopeptidase because it does not cleave peptides at the N- or C-terminus, but only between nonterminal amino acids. The peptide bond cleavage occurs via the nucleophilic attack of water at the carbonyl between two adjacent amino acid residues. Water enters the protease from the intracellular surface and is stabilized by Asp83 and", "id": "10338454" }, { "contents": "Plasmin\n\n\nactivator receptor (uPAR) is a cofactor for plasminogen activation by urokinase plasminogen activator. The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin involves the cleavage of the peptide bond between Arg-561 and Val-562. Plasmin cleavage produces angiostatin. Full length plasminogen comprises seven domains. In addition to a C-terminal chymotrypsin-like serine protease domain, plasminogen contains an N-terminal Pan Apple domain (PAp) together with five Kringle domains (KR1-5). The Pan-Apple domain contains important determinants for maintaining plasminogen in the closed form, and", "id": "702127" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\nto the bond is a tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, or leucine. Like many proteases, chymotrypsin also hydrolyses amide bonds \"in vitro\", a virtue that enabled the use of substrate analogs such as N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl amide for enzyme assays. Chymotrypsin cleaves peptide bonds by attacking the unreactive carbonyl group with a powerful nucleophile, the serine 195 residue located in the active site of the enzyme, which briefly becomes covalently bonded to the substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate intermediate. Along with", "id": "7416165" }, { "contents": "Protein metabolism\n\n\nsimilar to the actual transition state, so it can make the enzyme bind to it instead of the actual transition state, thus preventing substrate binding and decreasing reaction rates. Carboxypeptidases cleave at the carboxyl end of the protein. While they can catabolize proteins, they are more often used in post-transcriptional modifications. Endopeptidases are enzymes that add water to an internal peptide bond in a peptide chain and break that bond. Three common endopeptidases are pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin performs a hydrolysis reaction that cleaves after aromatic residues", "id": "9119666" }, { "contents": "Asparagine peptide lyase\n\n\nAsparagine peptide lyase are one of the seven groups in which proteases, also termed proteolytic enzymes, peptidases, or proteinases, are classified according to their catalytic residue. The catalytic mechanism of the asparagine peptide lyases involves an asparagine residue acting as nucleophile to perform a nucleophilic elimination reaction, rather than hydrolysis, to catalyse the breaking of a peptide bond. The existence of this seventh catalytic type of proteases, in which the peptide bond cleavage occurs by self-processing instead of hydrolysis, was demonstrated with the discovery of the crystal structure", "id": "18981770" }, { "contents": "2A self-cleaving peptides\n\n\ntrigged by breaking of peptide bond between the Proline (P) and Glycine (G) in C-terminal of 2A peptide. The exact molecular mechanism of 2A-peptide-mediated cleavage is still unknown. However, it is believed to involve ribosomal \"skipping\" of glycyl-prolyl peptide bond formation rather than true proteolytic cleavage. In genetic engineering, the 2A peptides are used to cleave a longer peptide into two shorter peptides. The 2A peptides can be applied when the fused protein doesn’t work. Inserting the CDS", "id": "20645805" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\n, the PA clan of proteases. Chymotrypsin is synthesized in the pancreas by protein biosynthesis as a precursor called chymotrypsinogen that is enzymatically inactive. Trypsin activates chymotrypsinogen by cleaving peptidic bonds in positions Arg15 - Ile16 and produces π-chymotrypsin. In turn, aminic group (-NH3) of the Ile16 residue interacts with the side chain of Glu194, producing the \"oxyanion hole\" and the hydrophobic \"S1 pocket\". Moreover, chymotrypsin induces its own activation by cleaving in positions 14-15, 146-147, and 148-", "id": "7416163" }, { "contents": "Cyanogen bromide\n\n\nthe iminolactone intermediate. In formic acid, cleavage of Met-Ser and Met-Thr bonds is enhanced with increased water concentration because these conditions favor the addition of water across the imine rather than reaction of the side chain hydroxyl with the imine. Lowered pH tends to increase cleavage rates by inhibiting methionine side chain oxidation. When methionine is followed by serine or threonine, side reactions can occur that destroy the methionine without peptide bond cleavage. Normally, once the iminolactone is formed (refer to figure), water and acid can", "id": "9223692" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\nserine side chain to act as a nucleophile and bind to the electron-deficient carbonyl carbon of the protein main chain. Ionization of the carbonyl oxygen is stabilized by formation of two hydrogen bonds to adjacent main chain N-hydrogens. This occurs in the oxyanion hole. This forms a tetrahedral adduct and breakage of the peptide bond. An acyl-enzyme intermediate, bound to the serine, is formed, and the newly formed amino terminus of the cleaved protein can dissociate. In the second reaction step, a water molecule is", "id": "7416168" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\n, and phenylalanine). These amino acids contain an aromatic ring in their side chain that fits into a hydrophobic pocket (the S position) of the enzyme. It is activated in the presence of trypsin. The hydrophobic and shape complementarity between the peptide substrate P side chain and the enzyme S binding cavity accounts for the substrate specificity of this enzyme. Chymotrypsin also hydrolyzes other amide bonds in peptides at slower rates, particularly those containing leucine and methionine at the P position. Structurally, it is the archetypal structure for its superfamily", "id": "7416162" }, { "contents": "Asparagine peptide lyase\n\n\npeptidase activity occurs. The main residue of the active site is the asparagine and there are other residues involved in the catalytic mechanism, which are different between the different families of asparagine peptide lyases. The cleavage mechanism consists in the cyclization of the asparagine, assisted by other active site residues. In certain conditions, the asparagine cyclic structure nucleophilically attacks its C-terminal peptide bond to the main chain forming a new bond to create a stable succinimide, cleaving itself from the main chain and consequently releasing the two halves of the product", "id": "18981772" }, { "contents": "OmpT\n\n\nHis212. During the proton transfer associated with the peptide cleavage, the negatively charged aspartate residue stabilizes the positively charged histidine. Once docked in this position, water is positioned to attack the peptide in the active site. The cleavage of peptide bonds by OmpT is also dependent on the presence of bound lipopolysaccharide (LPS). When LPS is not present, the peptide binds too deeply within the active site, and the water cannot reach the carbonyl for its nucleophilic attack of the scissile bond. In \"E. coli\",", "id": "10338455" }, { "contents": "Tabtoxin\n\n\nproduced, the chlorosis-inducing activity occurs only after hydrolysis of the peptide bond by aminopeptidases of plant or bacterial origin. Cleavage of the peptide bond in tabtoxin releases TβL, the toxic moiety. TβL is located at the N terminus, and Thr is at the C terminus, resulting in TβL-Thr. TβL-Thr is hydrolyzed, and the resulting TβL irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase, causing characteristic chlorosis in plants. TβL is spontaneously isomerized to tabtoxinine-δ-lactam (TδL), and TblF did not recognize TδL", "id": "6926994" }, { "contents": "Proinsulin\n\n\nis abstracted from the center of the proinsulin sequence; the two other ends (the B chain and A chain) remain connected by disulfide bonds. The post translational modification of proinsulin to mature insulin only occurs in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. When proinsulin is transported through the Golgi apparatus the C-peptide is cleaved. This cleavage occurs with the aid of two endoproteases. Type I endoproteases, PC1 and PC3, disrupt the C peptide-B chain connection. PC2, a type II endoprotease, cleaves the", "id": "13789125" }, { "contents": "Caspase 3\n\n\ncleave the peptide bond. Cys-163 and Gly-238 also function to stabilize the tetrahedral transition state of the substrate-enzyme complex through hydrogen bonding. In vitro, caspase-3 has been found to prefer the peptide sequence DEVDG (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Gly) with cleavage occurring on the carboxy side of the second aspartic acid residue (between D and G). Caspase-3 is active over a broad pH range that is slightly higher (more basic) than many of the other executioner caspases. This broad range indicates that caspase-3", "id": "7493092" }, { "contents": "Protease\n\n\nstreptogrisin within the S1 family). Currently more than 50 clans are known, each indicating an independent evolutionary origin of proteolysis. Alternatively, proteases may be classified by the optimal pH in which they are active: Proteases are involved in digesting long protein chains into shorter fragments by splitting the peptide bonds that link amino acid residues. Some detach the terminal amino acids from the protein chain (exopeptidases, such as aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidase A); others attack internal peptide bonds of a protein (endopeptidases, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin,", "id": "12263445" }, { "contents": "Active site\n\n\nanion is released and then receives one proton from adjacent SH group and from the first glutathione monomer. Next the adjacent S group attack disulphide bond in cysteine-SG complex and release the second SG anion. It receives one proton in solution and forms the second glutathione monomer. Chymotrypsin is a serine endopeptidase that is present in pancreatic juice and helps the hydrolysis of proteins and peptide. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in L-isomers of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. In the active site of this enzyme, three", "id": "16423899" }, { "contents": "Serine protease\n\n\nby a distinctive structure, consisting of two beta-barrel domains that converge at the catalytic active site. These enzymes can be further categorised based on their substrate specificity as either trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like or elastase-like. Trypsin-like proteases cleave peptide bonds following a positively charged amino acid (lysine or arginine). This specificity is driven by the residue which lies at the base of the enzyme's S1 pocket (generally a negatively charged aspartic acid or glutamic acid). The S1 pocket of chymotrypsin-", "id": "3349233" }, { "contents": "Glutamate–cysteine ligase\n\n\nand confer resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents. Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the production of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), involving the ATP-dependent condensation of cysteine and glutamate to form the dipeptide gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC). This peptide coupling is unique in that it occurs between the amino moiety of the cysteine and the terminal carboxylic acid of the glutamate side chain (hence the name gamma-glutamyl cysteine). This peptide bond is resistant to cleavage", "id": "9981224" }, { "contents": "Protein sequencing\n\n\nthe mass spectrometer often does not yield ions corresponding to cleavage at each peptide bond. Thus, the deduced sequence for each peptide is not necessarily complete. The standard methods of fragmentation do not distinguish between leucine and isoleucine residues since they are isomeric. Because the Edman degradation proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N-terminus has been chemically modified (e.g. by acetylation or formation of Pyroglutamic acid). Edman degradation is generally not useful to determine the positions of disulfide bridges. It", "id": "2561731" }, { "contents": "Insulin\n\n\nand A- chains, linked by 2 disulfide bonds. The cleavage sites are each located after a pair of basic residues (lysine-64 and arginine-65, and arginine-31 and −32). After cleavage of the C-peptide, these 2 pairs of basic residues are removed by the carboxypeptidase. The C-peptide is the central portion of proinsulin, and the primary sequence of proinsulin goes in the order \"B-C-A\" (the B and A chains were identified on the basis of mass and the C-peptide was", "id": "15051132" }, { "contents": "QM/MM\n\n\nsometimes unavoidable. When it does occur it is important that the bond of the QM atom be capped in order to prevent the appearance of bond cleavage in the QM system. In systems where the QM/MM boundary cuts a bond three issues must be dealt with. First, the dangling bond of the QM system must be capped, this is because it is undesirable to truncate the QM system (treating the bond as if it has been cleaved will yield very unrealistic calculations). The second issue relates to polarisation, more", "id": "1051369" }, { "contents": "Cyanogen bromide\n\n\nformic acid causes the formation of formyl esters, which complicates protein characterization. However, formic is still often used because it dissolves most proteins. Also, the oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide, which is inert to BrCN attack, occurs more readily in HCl than in formic acid, possibly because formic acid is a reducing acid. Alternative buffers for cleavage include guanidine or urea in HCl because of their ability to unfold proteins, thereby making methionine more accessible to BrCN. Note that water is required for normal peptide bond cleavage of", "id": "9223691" }, { "contents": "Modified GRF (1-29)\n\n\nthe amino acid -alanine (abbreviated as Ala or A) at the 2nd position of the peptide structure for its optical isomer (mirror image), -alanine (abbreviated as -Ala). This substitution resulted in a peptide bond between -Ala and the 3rd amino acid in the structure aspartic acid (Asp) more able to resist rapid cleavage by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, a cleavage which had previously led to an inactive peptide fragment. This successful modification prompted the further creation of analogues with additional amino acid substitutions. In 2005, the", "id": "19685317" }, { "contents": "Proteolysis\n\n\nbe used to selectively break down a protein into smaller polypeptides for laboratory analysis. For example, cyanogen bromide cleaves the peptide bond after a methionine. Similar methods may be used to specifically cleave tryptophanyl, aspartyl, cysteinyl, and asparaginyl peptide bonds. Acids such as trifluoroacetic acid and formic acid may be used for cleavage. Like other biomolecules, proteins can also be broken down by high heat alone. At 250 °C, the peptide bond may be easily hydrolyzed, with its half-life dropping to about a minute.", "id": "4898555" }, { "contents": "Enzyme catalysis\n\n\nby the well-studied mechanisms of the several enzymatic reactions. Consider the reaction of peptide bond hydrolysis catalyzed by a pure protein α-chymotrypsin (an enzyme acting without a cofactor), which is a well-studied member of the serine proteases family, see. We present the experimental results for this reaction as two chemical steps: where S is a polypeptide, P and P are products. The first chemical step () includes the formation of a covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate. The second step () is the", "id": "15529059" }, { "contents": "Active site\n\n\namino acid residues work together to form a catalytic triad which makes up the catalytic site. In chymotrypsin, these residues are Ser-195, His-57 and Asp-102. The mechanism of chymotrypsin can be divided into two phases. First, Ser-195 nucleophilically attacks the peptide bond carbon in the substrate to form a tetrahedral intermediate. The nucleophilicity of Ser-195 is enhanced by His-57, which abstracts a proton from Ser-195 and is in turn stabilised by the negatively charged carboxylate group (RCOO) in Asp-102. Furthermore, the tetrahedral oxyanion intermediate generated in this step", "id": "16423900" }, { "contents": "Proteolysis\n\n\nthe intestines, and the absorbed tripeptides and dipeptides are also further broken into amino acids intracellularly before they enter the bloodstream. Different enzymes have different specificity for their substrate; trypsin, for example, cleaves the peptide bond after a positively charged residue (arginine and lysine); chymotrypsin cleaves the bond after an aromatic residue (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan); elastase cleaves the bond after a small non-polar residue such as alanine or glycine. In order to prevent inappropriate or premature activation of the digestive enzymes (they", "id": "4898546" }, { "contents": "Cyanogen bromide\n\n\nreact with the imine to cleave the peptide bond, forming a homoserine lactone and new C-terminal peptide. However, if the adjacent amino acid to methionine has a hydroxyl or sulfhydryl group, this group can react with the imine to form a homoserine without peptide bond cleavage. These two cases are shown in the figure. Cyanogen bromide is a common reagent in organic synthesis. As stated earlier, the reagent is prone to attack by nucleophiles such as amines and alcohols because of the electrophilic carbon. In the synthesis of cyanamides", "id": "9223693" }, { "contents": "Electron-capture dissociation\n\n\nMS fragmentation technique called electron-transfer dissociation, the electrons are transferred by collision between the analyte cations and reagent anions. ECD itself and combined with other MS is very useful for proteins and peptides containing multiple disulfide bonds. FTICR combined with ECD helps to recognize peptides containing disulfide bonds. ECD could also access important sequence information by activation of higher charged proteins. Moreover, disulfide bond cleavage takes place by ECD of multiply charge proteins or peptides produced by ESI. Electron capture by these proteins releases H atom, captured by the disulfide", "id": "3197621" }, { "contents": "Hammerhead ribozyme\n\n\nat C17, the cleavage-site nucleotide. Although RNA cleavage is often referred to as hydrolysis, the mechanism employed does not in fact involve the addition of water. Rather, the cleavage reaction is simply an isomerization that consists of rearrangement of the linking phosphodiester bond. It is the same reaction, chemically, that occurs with random base-mediated RNA degradation, except that it is highly site-specific and the rate is accelerated 10,000-fold or more. The cleavage reaction is a phosphodiester isomerization reaction that is initiated by abstraction of", "id": "8591350" }, { "contents": "Protein metabolism\n\n\nto the ribosome and translation is halted. Once the peptide chain is synthesized, it still must be modified. Post-translational modifications can occur before protein folding or after. Common biological methods of modifying peptide chains after translation include methylation, phosphorylation, and disulfide bond formation. Methylation often occurs to arginine or lysine and involves adding a methyl group to a nitrogen (replacing a hydrogen). The R groups on these amino acids can be methylated multiple times as long as the bonds to nitrogen does not exceed 4. Methylation reduces", "id": "9119657" }, { "contents": "Protein S\n\n\nS has a peptide between the Gla domain and the EGF-like domain, that is cleaved by thrombin. The Gla and EGF-like domains stay connected after the cleavage by a disulfide bond. However, protein S loses its function as an APC cofactor following either this cleavage or binding C4BP. The best characterized function of Protein S is its role in the anti coagulation pathway, where it functions as a cofactor to Protein C in the inactivation of Factors Va and VIIIa. Only the free form has cofactor activity. Protein", "id": "17411075" }, { "contents": "TEV protease\n\n\nwith the C-terminal tail. The enzyme therefore forms a binding tunnel around the substrate and side chain interactions control specificity. The preferred, native cleavage sequence was first identified by examining the cut sites in the native polyprotein substrate for recurring sequence. The consensus for these native cut sites is ENLYFQ\\S where ‘\\’ denotes the cleaved peptide bond. Residues of the substrate are labelled P6 to P1 before the cut site and P1’ after the cut site. Early works also measured cleavage of an array of similar substrates to characterise", "id": "21743746" }, { "contents": "Proctolin\n\n\nmelanogaster\" genome, the gene that codes for the proctolin precursor has been identified as CG7105. The pre-proprotein is 140 amino acids long and has cleavage sites either side of the RYLPT proctolin sequence. It is thought a signal peptidase cuts at these cleavage sites to produce the proctolin peptide. Proctolin needs to be broken down to stop it staying permanently bound to the receptor. This is done by peptidases. The first step of breakdown is cleavage of the Arg-Tyr bond, followed by the cleavage of the Tyr-", "id": "22209247" }, { "contents": "HIV-1 protease\n\n\nof the enzyme, the deprotonated Asp25 catalytic amino acid undergoes base catalysis, rendering the incoming water molecule a better nucleophile by deprotonating it. The resulting hydroxyl ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the peptide bond, forming an intermediate with a transient oxyanion, which is stabilized by the initially protonated Asp25. The oxyanion re-forms a double bond, leading to the cleavage of the peptide bond between the two amino acids, while the initially deprotonated Asp25 undergoes acid catalysis to donate its proton to the amino group, making the amino group", "id": "15360122" }, { "contents": "Asparagine peptide lyase\n\n\nmediated by the nodavirus endopeptidase, from the C-terminus of the coat protein and only occurs within the assembled virion. Family N2: Includes tetraviruses endopeptidases. The known autolytic cleavage is from the C-terminus of the coat protein. The cleavage occurs during the late stages of virion assembly. Family N8: The known autolytic cleavage is in poliovirus VP0 viral capsid protein into VP2 and Vp4 in the provirion. Family N7: The known autolytic cleavage is from the N-terminus of the coat protein. Family N5: The", "id": "18981775" }, { "contents": "DD-transpeptidase\n\n\nPBP). DD-transpeptidase is mechanistically similar to the proteolytic reactions of the trypsin protein family. Crosslinking of peptidyl moieties of adjacent glycan strands is a two-step reaction. The first step involves the cleavage of the D-alanyl-D-alanine bond of a peptide unit precursor acting as carbonyl donor, the release of the carboxyl-terminal D-alanine, and the formation of the acyl-enzyme. The second step involves the breakdown of the acyl-enzyme intermediate and the formation of a new peptide bond", "id": "6637577" }, { "contents": "Protein kinase A\n\n\nnucleophilic reaction, which results in the transfer of the terminal phosphate to the peptide substrate and cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between the beta-phosphate and the gamma-phosphate groups. PKA acts as a model for understanding protein kinase biology, with the position of the conserved residues helping to distinguish the active protein kinase and inactive pseudokinase members of the human kinome. Downregulation of protein kinase A occurs by a feedback mechanism and uses a number of cAMP hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, which belong to the substrates activated by PKA.", "id": "16850808" }, { "contents": "Pepsin\n\n\naromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. Pepsin exhibits preferential cleavage for hydrophobic, preferably aromatic, residues in P1 and P1' positions. Increased susceptibility to hydrolysis occurs if there is a sulfur-containing amino acid close to the peptide bond, which has an aromatic amino acid. Pepsin cleaves PheVal, GlnHis, GluAla, AlaLeu, LeuTyr, TyrLeu, GlyPhe, Phe in the insulin B chain. Pepsin exhibits maximal activity at pH 2.0 and is inactive at pH 6.5 and above, however pepsin is not", "id": "6431536" }, { "contents": "Polyorthoester\n\n\nsolvent-sensitive active ingredients at room temperature without the use of organic solvents. Such drug implants are particularly suitable for applications on the eye, where no sudden release occurs by diffusion (initial burst release) but the release follows the continuous polymer degradation. Also for Polyorthoesters type III the degradation occurs at the surface by cleavage of the hydrolytically labile bonds in the polymer backbone. Depending on the initial bond cleavage on the quaternary carbon atom 1-, 2-, or 6-acetoxy-hexanetriol is formed, which is further degraded to acetic acid", "id": "8745924" }, { "contents": "Elastase\n\n\n\"E. coli\" and other Gram-negative bacteria. Elastase also has the important immunological role of breaking down Shigella virulence factors. This is accomplished through the cleavage of peptide bonds in the target proteins. The specific peptide bonds cleaved are those on the carboxyl side of small, hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and valine. For more on how this is accomplished, see serine protease. Elastase is inhibited by the acute-phase protein α-antitrypsin (A1AT), which binds almost irreversibly to the active", "id": "19671736" }, { "contents": "Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)\n\n\nradical site-initiated fragmentation, and charge site-initiated fragmentation are few types of simple bond cleavage reactions. Sigma bond cleavage is most commonly observed in molecules, which can produce stable cations such as saturated alkanes, secondary and tertiary carbocations. This occurs when an alpha electron is removed. The C-C bond elongates and weakens causing fragmentation. Fragmentation at this site produces a charged and a neutral fragment. Sigma bond cleavage also occurs on radical cations remote from the site of ionization. This is commonly observed in alcohols,", "id": "15884937" }, { "contents": "Solid-phase synthesis\n\n\nafter cleavage from the bead. Solid-phase synthesis is a common technique for peptide synthesis. Usually, peptides are synthesised from the carbonyl group side (C-terminus) to amino group side (N-terminus) of the amino acid chain in this method, although peptides are biologically synthesised in the opposite direction in cells. In peptide synthesis, an amino-protected amino acid is bound to a solid phase material (most commonly, low cross-linked polystyrene beads), forming a covalent bond between the carbonyl group", "id": "10800958" }, { "contents": "Bullous impetigo\n\n\nkeratinocytes acting as superantigens in stimulating the skin’s immune system. A more recent proposal states there are three known exfoliating toxins; ETA, ETB, and ETD which act as a glutamic acid-specific serine protease with concentrated specificity. Which results in the cleavage of human Dsg1 at a unique site after glutamic acid residues causing deactivation. Proteolysis of the peptide bond leading up to the dysfunction of Dsg1 and the desmosome allows for an understanding as to why the bullous forms, making the peptide bond crucial for proper function if Dsg1.", "id": "16321780" }, { "contents": "Bailey peptide synthesis\n\n\nis not known in detail. Supposingly, the reaction begins with a nucleophilic attack of the amino group on the carbonyl carbon of the anhydride group of the N-carboxylic acid anhydride (1). After an intramolecular proton migration, a 1,4-proton shift and the cleavage of carbon dioxide follows, resulting in the peptide bond in the final product (2): The advantage in atom economy of using NCAs for peptide formation is that there is no need for a protecting group on the functional group reacted with the amino acid. For", "id": "14335189" }, { "contents": "Bentiromide\n\n\nBentiromide is a peptide used as a screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy. It is given by mouth as a noninvasive test. The amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas. Headache and gastrointestinal disturbances have been reported in patients taking bentiromide. Bentiromide is not available in the United States or Canada (it was withdrawn in the U.S. in October 1996.) Synthetic chymotrypsin-labile peptide,", "id": "6839055" }, { "contents": "Secretomics\n\n\ntumor in order to conduct a secretomic analysis. Many secreted proteins have an N-terminal peptide sequence that signals for the translated protein to move into the endoplasmic reticulum where the processing occurs that will ultimately lead to secretion. The presence of these signal peptides can be used to predict the secretome of a cell. Software such as SignalP can identify signal sequences (and their cleavage sites) to predict proteins that are secreted. Since transmembrane proteins are also processed in the ER, but not secreted, software like the TMHMM server is", "id": "8400315" }, { "contents": "Brentuximab vedotin\n\n\ndosage efficiency. The peptide antibody-drug bond facilitates rapid and efficient drug cleavage inside target tumor cell. The antibody cAC10 part of the drug binds to CD30 which often occurs on diseased cells but rarely on normal tissues.The antibody portion of the drug attaches to CD30 on the surface of malignant cells, delivering MMAE which is responsible for the anti-tumour activity. Once bound, brentuximab vedotin is internalised by endocytosis and thus selectively taken up by targeted cells. The vesicle containing the drug is fused with lysosomes and lysosomal cysteine", "id": "3401014" }, { "contents": "Barnase\n\n\nwith an on-rate of 10sM. Barnase has no disulfide bonds, nor does it require divalent cations or non-peptide components to fold. This simplicity, in combination with its reversible folding transition, means that barnase has been extensively studied in order to understand how proteins fold. The folding of barnase has been extensively studied in the laboratory of Alan Fersht, who used it as the test case in developing a method of characterizing protein folding transition states known as phi value analysis. Barnase catalyzes hydrolysis at diribonucleotide GpN sites. Cleavage", "id": "6572037" }, { "contents": "Polyproline helix\n\n\n, poly-Pro I) is formed when sequential residues all adopt (φ,ψ) backbone dihedral angles of roughly (-75°, 160°) and have \"cis\" isomers of their peptide bonds. Of the twenty common naturally occurring amino acids, only proline is likely to adopt the \"cis\" isomer of the peptide bond, specifically the X-Pro peptide bond; steric and electronic factors heavily favor the \"trans\" isomer in most other peptide bonds. However, peptide bonds that replace proline with another", "id": "1494503" }, { "contents": "Enzyme kinetics\n\n\nserine residue on a peptide bond in a protein substrate. A short animation showing the mechanism of chymotrypsin is linked here. We consider the case of an enzyme that can catalyse the reaction in both directions (not all enzymes can): chem /chem The steady-state, initial rate of the reaction is formula_28 formula_1 is positive if the reaction proceed in the forward direction (formula_30) and negative otherwise. The values of the forward and backward \"maximal\" rates, obtained for formula_33, formula_34, and formula_35, formula_36,", "id": "18372535" }, { "contents": "Management of thalassemia\n\n\niron from within organs. Although the mechanism for the removal of iron by DFP is not well understood, however, a study by Viroj Wiwanitkit in 2006 proposed a possible mechanism: the coordination to the iron was thought to occur through the cleavage of either a C-C bond or a C-O bond in the drug. Wiwanitkit concluded that the mechanism goes though the cleavage of the C-C bond because this bond requires less energy to be cleaved. The total energy for the cleavage was found to be negative,", "id": "15414201" }, { "contents": "HIV-1 protease\n\n\na better leaving group for complete peptide bond cleavage and returning to its original deprotonated state. While HIV-1 PR shares many of the same characteristics as a non-viral aspartic protease, some evidence has shown that HIV-1 PR catalyzes hydrolysis in a concerted manner; in other words, the nucleophilic water molecule and the protonated Asp25 simultaneously attack the scissile peptide bond during catalysis. With its integral role in HIV replication, HIV protease has been a prime target for drug therapy. HIV protease inhibitors work by specifically binding to the active site by", "id": "15360123" }, { "contents": "Regulatory enzyme\n\n\n: once trypsin is activated, it activates many other hydrolytic enzymes. Proteolysis can also be fast and simple so the hydrolysis of a single peptide bond can be enough to change the conformation of the protein and build an active zone, allowing the interaction between the enzyme and the substrate, for instance, chymotrypsin activation (as it can be seen in the images). Many different types of proteins with different roles in metabolism are activated by proteolysis for big reasons: Proteolysis is irreversible, which implies the need of a process of", "id": "12495338" }, { "contents": "Serine protease\n\n\nSerine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, in which serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like. In humans, they are responsible for coordinating various physiological functions, including digestion, immune response, blood coagulation and reproduction. The MEROPS protease classification system counts 16 superfamilies", "id": "3349231" }, { "contents": "Jeremy R. Knowles\n\n\n1974, Knowles moved his research group to Harvard and became a professor there. Knowles's research was on the boundary of chemistry and biochemistry, and concerned the rate and specificity of enzyme catalysis and the evolution of enzyme function. Early in his career, Knowles studied α-chymotrypsin and pepsin, which are nonspecific proteases, meaning they accept a broad range of substrates. He researched what made these enzymes nonspecific and how they increased the rate of peptide-bond hydrolysis. In 1972, Knowles developed a method for photo-affinity", "id": "6130786" }, { "contents": "Amylin\n\n\namino acid, 7404 Dalton pro-peptide and undergoes post-translational modifications including protease cleavage to produce amylin. ProIAPP consists of 67 amino acids, which follow a 22 amino acid signal peptide which is rapidly cleaved after translation of the 89 amino acid coding sequence. The human sequence (from N-terminus to C-terminus) is: (MGILKLQVFLIVLSVALNHLKA) TPIESHQVEKR^ KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTYG^ KR^ NAVEVLKREPLNYLPL. The signal peptide is removed during translation of the protein and transport into the endoplasmic reticulum. Once inside the endoplasmic reticulum, a disulfide bond is", "id": "2033630" }, { "contents": "Terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates\n\n\n. The down side to this method is that the findings cannot be applied to a statistical model using non-cleaved peptides due to not being able to capture naturally blocked N-termini. Since it does not involve isotopic labeling, the results cannot be quantified. The cleavage site also has to be already known to do labeling. Subtiligase biotinylation of N-termini uses enzymatic labeling of N-terminal peptides, but does not use lysine blocking chemicals. Without lysine blocking, many of the cleaved N-terminal peptide", "id": "6262578" }, { "contents": "Black beetle virus\n\n\nviral mRNA or more ssRNA to be replicated again. Once RNA2 is synthesized, the virus then prepares for assembly. When the ratio of ribosomes to N proteins becomes favorable to switch to capsid formation, the virus spontaneously assembles around RNA1 and RNA2 into an icosahedral capsid leaving the previously synthesized RNA3 outside of the capsid. Once Capsid maturation occurs via autoproteolytic cleavage of capsid protein alpha, capsid protein beta and peptide gamma are formed. Peptide gamma is assumed to be released in the endosome where it disrupts the endosomal membrane allowing the new", "id": "7920244" }, { "contents": "Isopeptide bond\n\n\nwall of the bacteria and the second is the polymerization of pilin. For the process of localization of proteins to the cell wall there is three-fold requirement that the protein contain a hydrophobic domain, a positively charged tail region, and final specific sequence used for recognition. The best studied of these signals is the LPXTG, which acts as the point of cleavage, where the sortase attacks in between Thr and Gly, conjugating to the Thr carboxyl group. Then the thioester is resolved by the transfer of the peptide to a", "id": "6562247" }, { "contents": "Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)\n\n\nethers, ketones, esters, amines, alkenes and aromatic compounds with a carbon attached to ring. The cation has a radical on a heteroatom or an unsaturated functional group. The driving force of fragmentation is the strong tendency of the radical ion for electron pairing. Cleavage occurs when the radical and an odd electron from the bonds adjacent to the radical migrate to form a bond between the alpha carbon and either the heteroatom or the unsaturated functional group. The sigma bond breaks; hence this cleavage is also known as homolytic bond cleavage", "id": "15884938" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\nphase following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The mode of action of chymotrypsin explains this as hydrolysis takes place in two steps. First, acylation of the substrate to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate, and then deacylation to return the enzyme to its original state. This occurs via the concerted action of the three-amino-acid residues in the catalytic triad. Aspartate hydrogen bonds to the N-δ hydrogen of histidine, increasing the pKa of its ε nitrogen, thus making it able to deprotonate serine. This deprotonation allows the", "id": "7416167" }, { "contents": "Peptide loading complex\n\n\nas a second MHC-I specific peptide proofreader or editor, but does not possess a transmembrane domain. Tapasin and TAPBPR share similar binding interfaces on MHC-I, as shown with the X-ray structure of TAPBPR with MHC-I (heavy chain and β2 microglobulin). The use of a photo-cleavable high-affinity peptide allowed researchers to form a stable (bound) MHC-I molecules and afterwards to form a stable TAPBPR and MHC-I complex with cleavage by UV light of the photoinduced peptide.", "id": "16015122" }, { "contents": "TEV protease\n\n\nproteases: P1 protease (1 cleavage site), helper-component protease (1 cleavage site) and TEV protease (7 cleavage sites). The native TEV protease also contains an internal self-cleavage site. This site is slowly cleaved to inactivate the enzyme (the physiological reason for this is unknown). The structure of TEV protease has been solved by X-ray crystallography. It is composed of two β-barrels and a flexible C-terminal tail and displays structural homology to the chymotrypsin superfamily of proteases (", "id": "21743744" }, { "contents": "Kunitz STI protease inhibitor\n\n\n, blocking its active site and instantly forming an irreversible compound and halting digestion of certain proteins. Trypsin, a serine protease, is responsible for cleaving peptide bonds containing carbonyl groups from arginine or lysine. After a meal, trypsin is stimulated by cholecystokinin and undergoes specific proteolysis for activation. Free trypsin is then able to activate other serine proteases, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and more trypsin (by autocatalysis), or continue breaking down proteins. However, if trypsin inhibitors (specifically KTI) are present, the majority of", "id": "17980422" }, { "contents": "Pancreatic elastase\n\n\npolymorphism may be at greater risk of developing the common skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema (genetic and histologic studies will be required to investigate the role of ELA1 in these common epidermal disorders.). Pancreatic elastase is formed by activation of proelastase from mammalian pancreas by trypsin. After processing to proelastase, it is stored in the zymogen granules and then activated to elastase in the duodenum by the tryptic cleavage of a peptide bond in the inactive form of the precursor molecule. This process results in the removal of an activation peptide", "id": "19504481" }, { "contents": "Peptide bond\n\n\n). A nonnative isomer of some peptide groups can disrupt the conformational folding significantly, either slowing it or preventing it from even occurring until the native isomer is reached. However, not all peptide groups have the same effect on folding; nonnative isomers of other peptide groups may not affect folding at all. Due to its resonance stabilization, the peptide bond is relatively unreactive under physiological conditions, even less than similar compounds such as esters. Nevertheless, peptide bonds can undergo chemical reactions, usually through an attack of an electronegative atom", "id": "4739949" }, { "contents": "Alpha-2-Macroglobulin\n\n\naka. a sequence of amino acids in an α2-macroglobulin molecule, or a homologous protein, that contains scissile peptide bonds for those proteinases that it inhibits) and a thiol ester, (iii) a similar protease inhibitory mechanism and (iv) the inactivation of the inhibitory capacity by reaction of the thiol ester with small primary amines. aM protease inhibitors inhibit by steric hindrance. The mechanism involves protease cleavage of the bait region, a segment of the aM that is particularly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, which initiates a conformational change such", "id": "9249621" }, { "contents": "Exopeptidase\n\n\nAn exopeptidase is any peptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal (or the penultimate) peptide bond; the process releases a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain. Depending on whether the amino acid is released from the amino or the carboxy terminal, an exopeptidase is further classified as an aminopeptidase or a carboxypeptidase, respectively. Thus, an aminopeptidase, an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the amino terminal, whereas carboxypeptidase, which is a digestive enzyme present", "id": "20477875" }, { "contents": "Peptide bond\n\n\nthe isomerization catalyzed) by changes that favor the single-bonded form, such as placing the peptide group in a hydrophobic environment or donating a hydrogen bond to the nitrogen atom of an X-Pro peptide group. Both of these mechanisms for lowering the activation energy have been observed in peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPIases), which are naturally occurring enzymes that catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of X-Pro peptide bonds. Conformational protein folding is usually much faster (typically 10–100 ms) than cis-trans isomerization (10–100 s", "id": "4739948" }, { "contents": "Granulin\n\n\nthere is a growing body of research on progranulin's role in the body, studies on specific granulin residues are still limited. Progranulin is the precursor protein for granulin. Cleavage of progranulin produces a variety of active 6 kDa granulin peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Cleavage of progranulin into granulin occurs either in the extracellular matrix or the lysosome. Elastase, proteinase 3 and matrix metalloproteinase are proteases", "id": "19818773" }, { "contents": "Orexin\n\n\nof Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. There are two types of orexin: orexin-A and -B (hypocretin-1 and -2). They are excitatory neuropeptides with approximately 50% sequence identity, produced by cleavage of a single precursor protein. Orexin-A is 33 amino acid residues long and has two intrachain disulfide bonds; orexin-B is a linear 28 amino acid residue peptide. Although these peptides are produced by a very small population of cells in the lateral and posterior hypothalamus, they send projections throughout the brain. The orexin", "id": "1628496" }, { "contents": "De novo peptide sequencing\n\n\n) mass spectrometers, since the peptide amide bond (CO-NH) is the most vulnerable and the loss of CO from b-ions. Mass of b-ions = ∑ (residue masses) + 1 (H) Mass of y-ions = ∑ (residue masses) + 19 (HO+H) Mass of a-ions = mass of b-ions – 28 (CO) Double backbone cleavage produces internal ions, acylium-type like HN-CHR-CO-NH-CHR-CO+ or immonium", "id": "18600606" }, { "contents": "Alpha cleavage\n\n\nAlpha-cleavage (α-cleavage) in organic chemistry refers to the act of breaking the carbon-carbon bond adjacent to the carbon bearing a specified functional group. Generally this topic is discussed when covering tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation and occurs generally by the same mechanisms. For example, of a mechanism of alpha-cleavage, an electron is knocked off an atom (usually by electron collision) to form a radical cation. Electron removal generally happens in the following order: 1) lone pair electrons, 2) pi bond", "id": "7844790" }, { "contents": "OmpT\n\n\nbetter characterized as an aspartyl protease because of its cleavage mechanism. The substrate of OmpT binds to negatively charged aspartate and glutamate residues, so the active site of the protease is anionic. This causes OmpT to selectively cleave peptides between two basic (positively charged) residues. The active site of OmpT resembles that of other omptins, and is characterized by conserved residues at Asp84, Asp86, Asp206, and His208. The most common bond cleavage by OmpT is between two arginine residues because their positive charge can favorably interact with the negatively", "id": "10338453" }, { "contents": "Galactose oxidase\n\n\nenzyme. Prepro-GAOX (galactose oxidase with signal sequence) is processed twice by proteolytic cleavage in the leader sequence to form the mature GAOX peptide (pro-GAOX). The first cleavage removes a sequence of 24 amino acids by signal peptidase. The second cleavage removes another sequence of 17 amino acids. The covalent linkage between Tyr272 and Cys228 forms after pro-GAOX has been made. The occurrence of this modification does not seem to require any other “helper” proteins. The current mechanism for the formation of this", "id": "18930625" }, { "contents": "Lysin\n\n\nEndopeptidase lysins cleave any of the peptide bonds between amino acids, whereas N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase lysins (or simply amidase lysins) hydrolyze the amide bond between the sugar and the amino acid moieties. Finally, the recently discovered γ-d-glutaminyl-l-lysine endopeptidase lysins cleave the gamma bond between D-glutamine and L-lysine residues. As is the case for autolysins, early confusion around the cleavage specificity of these individual enzymes have lead to some misattributions of the name \"lysozyme\" to", "id": "21826773" }, { "contents": "Autoinducer\n\n\nIn order for a bacterium to take up exogenous DNA from its surroundings, it must become competent. In \"S. pneumoniae\", a number of complex events must occur to achieve a competent state, but it is believed that quorum sensing plays a role. Competence stimulating peptide (CSP) is a 17-amino acid peptide autoinducer required for competency and subsequent genetic transformation. CSP is produced by proteolytic cleavage of a 41-amino acid precursor peptide (ComC); is secreted by an ABC transporter (ComAB); and is detected by a", "id": "14452871" }, { "contents": "Protein metabolism\n\n\nThe tRNA from the P site will be shifted into the E site where it will be ejected. This continually occurs until the ribosome reaches a stop codon or receives a signal to stop. A peptide bond forms between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid attached to a tRNA in the A site. The formation of a peptide bond requires an input of energy. The two reacting molecules are the alpha amino group of one amino acid and the alpha carboxyl group of the other amino acids", "id": "9119655" }, { "contents": "Proline\n\n\ntypically 99.9% under unstrained conditions), chiefly because the amide hydrogen (\"trans\" isomer) offers less steric repulsion to the preceding C atom than does the following C atom (\"cis\" isomer). By contrast, the \"cis\" and \"trans\" isomers of the X-Pro peptide bond (where X represents any amino acid) both experience steric clashes with the neighboring substitution and have a much lower energy difference. Hence, the fraction of X-Pro peptide bonds in the \"cis\" isomer", "id": "17885739" }, { "contents": "Proteolysis\n\n\nas well as the precursors of other proteases such as chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase to activate them. In bacteria, a similar strategy of employing an inactive zymogen or prezymogen is used. Subtilisin, which is produced by \"Bacillus subtilis\", is produced as preprosubtilisin, and is released only if the signal peptide is cleaved and autocatalytic proteolytic activation has occurred. Proteolysis is also involved in the regulation of many cellular processes by activating or deactivating enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors, for example in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, or the mediation", "id": "4898548" }, { "contents": "Protein mass spectrometry\n\n\n-flight and the quadrupole ion trap also find use in this application. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is used to measure fragmentation spectra and identify proteins at high speed and accuracy. Collision-induced dissociation is used in mainstream applications to generate a set of fragments from a specific peptide ion. The fragmentation process primarily gives rise to cleavage products that break along peptide bonds. Because of this simplicity in fragmentation, it is possible to use the observed fragment masses to match with a database of predicted masses for one of", "id": "8151802" }, { "contents": "Tetanospasmin\n\n\nrecycling of synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) system and one that does not. Once the vesicle is in the inhibitory interneuron its translocation is mediated by pH and temperature, specifically a low or acidic pH in the vesicle and standard physiological temperatures. Once the toxin has been translocated into the cytosol, chemical reduction of the disulfide bond to separate thiols occurs, mainly by the enzyme NADPH-thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin. The light chain is then free to cleave the Gln76-Phe77 bond of synaptobrevin. Cleavage of synaptobrevin affects the stability of the", "id": "2407883" }, { "contents": "Beta-secretase 1\n\n\nGeneration of the 40 or 42 amino acid-long amyloid-β peptides that aggregate in the brain of Alzheimer's patients requires two sequential cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Extracellular cleavage of APP by BACE1 creates a soluble extracellular fragment and a cell membrane-bound fragment referred to as C99. Cleavage of C99 within its transmembrane domain by γ-secretase releases the intracellular domain of APP and produces amyloid-β. Since gamma-secretase cleaves APP closer to the cell membrane than BACE1 does, it removes a", "id": "22021494" }, { "contents": "Proinsulin\n\n\nbond. The disulfide bonds occur between the seventh residues of the A and B chain, the 19th residue of the A chain and the 20th residue of the B chain, and the 6th and 11th residues of the A chain. The C peptide is between the A and B chains of proinsulin. The connection between the A chain and C peptide is much more stable than the junction between the C peptide and B chain, with alpha helical features being exhibited near the C peptide-A chain connection. The C peptide-", "id": "13789122" }, { "contents": "Arrow pushing\n\n\na group is referred to as an electron pair. Reactions in organic chemistry proceed through the sequential breaking and formation of such bonds. Organic chemists recognize two processes for the breaking of a chemical bond. These processes are known as homolytic cleavage and heterolytic cleavage. Homolytic bond cleavage is a process where the electron pair comprising a bond is split, causing the bond to break. This is denoted by two single barbed curved arrows pointing away from the bond. The consequence of this process is the retention of a single unpaired electron on", "id": "14902258" }, { "contents": "Galanin\n\n\nacid peptide also formed from the cleavage of prepro galanin. The other two peptides, galanin-like peptide (GALP) and alarin, were identified relatively recently and are both encoded for in the same gene, the prepro GALP gene. GALP and alarin are produced by different post-transcriptional splicing of this gene. Galanin signalling occurs through three classes of receptors, GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3, which are all part of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Galanin receptors are expressed in the central nervous", "id": "8991250" }, { "contents": "Peptide bond\n\n\nprotein folds into the native structure. This non-enzymatic process is thus not accelerated by transition state stabilization, but rather by ground state destabilization. The wavelength of absorption A for a peptide bond is 190–230 nm (which makes it particularly susceptible to UV radiation). Significant delocalisation of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom gives the group a partial double bond character. The partial double bond renders the amide group planar, occurring in either the cis or trans isomers. In the unfolded state of proteins, the peptide", "id": "4739945" }, { "contents": "Signal peptide\n\n\na stretch of amino acids that is recognized and cleaved by signal peptidase and therefore named cleavage site. However this cleavage site is absent from transmembrane-domains that serve as signal peptides, which are sometimes referred to as signal anchor sequences. Signal peptidase may cleave either during or after completion of translocation to generate a free signal peptide and a mature protein. The free signal peptides are then digested by specific proteases. Moreover, different target locations are aimed by different types of signal peptides. For example the structure of a target peptide", "id": "19298047" }, { "contents": "Coagulation factor II receptor\n\n\nof the cell membrane as part of its cytoplasmic tail. PAR1 is activated when the terminal 41 amino acids of its N-terminus are cleaved by thrombin, a serine protease. Thrombin recognizes PAR1 by a Lysine-Aspartate-Proline-Arginine-Serine sequence at the N-terminal where it cuts the peptide bond between Arginine-41 and Serine-42. The affinity of thrombin to this specific cleavage site in PAR1 is further aided by secondary interactions between thrombin’s exosite and an acidic region of amino acid residues located C-terminal to Ser-42", "id": "9980760" }, { "contents": "Coagulin\n\n\nCoagulin is a gel-forming protein of hemolymph that hinders the spread of invaders by immobilising them. The protein contains a single 175-residue polypeptide chain that is cleaved after Arg-18 and Arg-46 by a clotting enzyme contained in the hemocyte and activated by a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). Cleavage releases two chains of coagulin, A and B, linked by two disulfide bonds, together with the peptide C. Gel formation results from interlinking of coagulin molecules. Secondary structure prediction suggests the C peptide forms an alpha-helix, which is released during", "id": "491652" }, { "contents": "Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease\n\n\nalso works.] The RNase S model system has also been used for studying protein folding by coupling folding and association. The S-peptide was the first peptide from a native protein shown to have (flickering) secondary structure in isolation (by Klee and Brown in 1967). RNase A cleaves specifically after pyrimidine nucleotides. Cleavage takes place in two steps: first, the 3’,5’-phosphodiester bond is cleaved to generate a 2’,3’-cyclic phosphodiester intermediate; second, the cyclic phosphodiester is hydrolyzed to a 3’-monophosphate. It can be inhibited by ribonuclease", "id": "973012" }, { "contents": "Ribozyme\n\n\nAAA pairing is the weakest and most flexible trinucleotides among the 64 conformations, which provides the binding site for Mn. Phosphoryl transfer can also be catalyzed without metal ions. For example, pancreatic ribonuclease A and hepatitis delta virus(HDV) ribozymes can catalyze the cleavage of RNA backbone through acid-base catalysis without metal ions. Hairpin ribozyme can also catalyze the self-cleavage of RNA without metal ions but the mechanism is still unclear. Ribozyme can also catalyze the formation of peptide bond between adjacent amino acid by lowering the activation entropy.", "id": "9369915" }, { "contents": "Kinetic isotope effect\n\n\nchallenging. Nevertheless, a measurement of a large kinetic isotope effect through direct comparison of rate constants is indicative that C-H bond cleavage occurs at the rate-determining step. (A smaller value could indicate an isotope effect due to a pre-equilibrium, so that the C-H bond cleavage occurs somewhere before the rate-determining step.) In this type of experiment, the same substrates that are used in Experiment A are employed, but they are allowed in to react in the same container, instead of", "id": "6941028" }, { "contents": "Chymotrypsin\n\n\nhistidine 57 and aspartic acid 102, this serine residue constitutes the catalytic triad of the active site. These findings rely on inhibition assays and the study of the kinetics of cleavage of the aforementioned substrate, exploiting the fact that the enzyme-substrate intermediate \"p\"-nitrophenolate has a yellow colour, enabling measurement of its concentration by measuring light absorbance at 410 nm. The reaction of chymotrypsin with its substrate was found to take place in two stages, an initial “burst” phase at the beginning of the reaction and a steady-state", "id": "7416166" } ]

[ { "contents": "Concord, Wisconsin\n\n\npoverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over. The first non-Native American settlers in the region consisted entirely of settlers from New England as well as settlers from Upstate New York whose parents had moved to that region shortly after the American Revolution. These were \"Yankee\" settlers, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England during the colonial era. They were primarily members of the Congregational Church though due to the Second Great Awakening many of", "id": "12370146" }, { "contents": "Convention of 1832\n\n\nwho lived in Texas—were reluctant to give up their self-rule. The bankrupt federal government was unable to provide much military assistance to the settlers in Texas, who faced frequent raids by native tribes. Hoping that an influx of settlers could control the raids, in 1824 the government appointed \"empresarios\" to encourage families from the United States and Europe to settle in Texas. However, as the number of settlers from the US and other non-Spanish-speaking areas increased in Texas, Mexican authorities became apprehensive that", "id": "20144703" }, { "contents": "Whitley County, Indiana\n\n\ncounty has a total area of , of which (or 99.31%) is land and (or 0.69%) is water. The first non-Native American settlers arrived in what is now Whitley County in 1835. They arrived as a result of the end of the Black Hawk War as well as the completion of the Erie Canal. They consisted entirely of settlers from New England. These were \"Yankee\" settlers, that is to say they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the colonial era", "id": "11368566" }, { "contents": "History of West Palm Beach, Florida\n\n\n1880s by a few hundred settlers who called the vicinity \"Lake Worth Country\". These settlers were a diverse community from different parts of the United States and the world. They included founding families such as the Potters and the Lainharts, who would go on to become leading members of the business community in the fledgling city. The first non-Native American settlers in Palm Beach County resided around Lake Worth, – an enclosed freshwater lake at the time – named after Colonel William Jenkins Worth, who served in the Second Seminole", "id": "13023251" }, { "contents": "Timeline of official languages policy in Canada\n\n\nthe sole language of Britain's colonies in the New World. The First Nations continued to use their indigenous languages in their own affairs. There were a limited number of people who knew both a European and a native North American language, often Christian missionaries the “black robes” and the children of natives they ministered to. These bilinguals were called on in diplomacy, but otherwise the linguistic worlds of the settlers and the natives were largely separate. Without being fluent, natives and settlers often learned very rudimentary forms of each other", "id": "17227664" }, { "contents": "Middleton, Mississippi\n\n\nMiddleton is a ghost town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, United States. Originally located in Carroll County, Middleton was one of its earliest settlements. Once a thriving commercial and educational center, little remains of the original settlement but a cemetery. The first non-Native to settle at this site was Irelton C. DeVane, who in 1790 built a small log store used for trading with the Native people and with the occasional traveler. Other settlers included William Pace and his wife, who came from Kentucky in the 1820s. Mail", "id": "18692617" }, { "contents": "Seton Portage\n\n\nbeaches of the Portage were so busy with men coming and going that they were given the names Wapping and Flushing, after the busy London Tube stations of the same names. Within a few years that traffic had disappeared (see Douglas Road) and the non-First Nations population of the Portage from then until the arrival of the Oblates in the 1880s was few, if any at all, although travellers still occasionally used the route of which the location was intrinsically a part. The first non-native settlers since the Gold", "id": "15904966" }, { "contents": "White Brazilians\n\n\nÓrfãs d'El-Rei\" (modern Portuguese \"órfãs do rei\") literally translates to \"Orphans of the King\", and they were Portuguese girl orphans in nubile age. There were noble and non-noble maidens and they were daughters of military compatriots who died in battle for the king or noblemen who died overseas and whose upbringing was paid by the Crown. Bahia's port in the East received one of the first groups of orphans in 1551. However, many of the first Portuguese settlers procreated with native Amerindians or", "id": "18672560" }, { "contents": "South Mission Beach\n\n\nThe first European settlers in the general area were the Cutten family at present day Bingil Bay and the Garner family at present day Garners Beach. In 1912 the settlers arrived at present day South Mission Beach (the Reid family, Ben Beamon and George Webb). In September 1913, 2,900 acres of land on the Hull River were gazetted as an Aboriginal Reserve creating the Hull River Aboriginal Settlement. On 15 September 1914 John Martin Kenny, who had previously been a non-commissioned officer of the native police and an overseer at", "id": "8918107" }, { "contents": "Mount Pleasant, Michigan\n\n\nallowed European-American settlers to purchase land from the government at discount rates, and the first white settlers began to arrive in what became Mount Pleasant. Under the Treaty of 1855, the Ojibwa bands (Saginaw Chippewa Tribe) from the Saginaw, Swan Creek, and Black rivers were relocated to land in Isabella County (Isabella Indian Reservation). Many non-natives soon moved to Mount Pleasant, predicting prosperous relations with the natives. The Homestead Act of 1862 also attracted many new settlers, including new European immigrants, to", "id": "476896" }, { "contents": "Big Butte Creek\n\n\nWars of the 1850s. On Christmas Eve, December 24, 1855, Captain E. A. Rice along with 34 other men attacked a Native American encampment near the creek's mouth. Eighteen Native American men were killed, all the women and children were captured, and the camp was burned to the ground. Most were relocated to Indian reservations. Non-indigenous settlers first arrived in the early 1860s, and agriculture, ranching, and logging industries quickly developed. Big Butte Creek was named by early settlers for its close proximity to", "id": "7036412" }, { "contents": "Utah Lake\n\n\nThe first European to see Utah Lake was Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante in 1776. He stayed with the Timpanogots band of Ute Tribe for three days. The Timpanogots were later moved out or integrated with the Mormon settlers between the 1850s and 1870s. The fish of the lake were overharvested by the settlers and restocked with non-native species. Although thirteen species of fish are native to the lake, only the Utah sucker and the critically endangered June sucker remain. The dominant species in the lake is the common carp, introduced", "id": "5514450" }, { "contents": "Racism in the United States\n\n\nslavery, continued with Jim Crow laws, with signs used to show blacks where they could legally walk, talk, drink, rest, or eat. For those places that were racially mixed, non-whites had to wait until all white customers were dealt with. Segregated facilities extended from white only schools to white only graveyards. Native Americans have lived on the North American continent for at least 10,000 years and millions of Native Americans were living in what is today the United States at the time European settlers first arrived. During", "id": "13152539" }, { "contents": "Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin\n\n\nDelta, Utah in 1776. Great Basin settlement was relatively free of non-Native settlers until the first Mormon settlers arrived in 1847. Within ten years, the first Indian reservation was established, in order to assimilate the native population. The Goshute Reservation was created in 1863. The attempted acculturation process included sending children to Indian schools and limiting the landbases and resources of the reservations. Because their contact with European-Americans and African-Americans occurred comparatively late, Great Basin tribes maintain their religion and culture and were leading proponents", "id": "17979643" }, { "contents": "Pinoleville Pomo Nation\n\n\nwere forced off their land as the new settlers began using the land for ranching. The Pomos were left to settle on non-fertile lands in the periphery of the land they once lived on and struggled to find enough food to survive. The Pomos and settlers did not always have a negative relationship as some settlers set aside land for the Pomos, provided work opportunities or married Native women, but despite this, conflict inevitably arose between the two groups. The majority of the remaining Pomos living in Potter Valley were brutally forced", "id": "22091538" }, { "contents": "Settler colonialism\n\n\nFilipino settlers, the Moro Muslim and Lumad natives and the impact on the environment in his book \"Mindanao Statecraft and Ecology: Moros, Lumads, and Settlers Across the Lowland-highland Continuum\". The Americans started a colonization program on Mindanao for foreign agricultural companies and Filipino Christian settlers against the native Muslims and non-Muslim Lumads of Mindanao, in order to secure the area with a Christian presence and help the American military assert control over the area once it was conquered. 90% of Mindanao's people used to consist", "id": "87483" }, { "contents": "Big Butte Creek\n\n\nyears ago by the Klamath, Upper Umpqua, and Takelma tribes of Native Americans. In the Rogue River Wars of the 1850s, most of the Native Americans were either killed or forced onto Indian reservations. The first non-indigenous settlers arrived in the 1860s, naming the creek after Snowy Butte, an early name for Mount McLoughlin. In the late 19th century, the watershed was primarily used for agriculture and logging. The small city of Butte Falls was incorporated in 1911, and remains the only incorporated town within the watershed", "id": "7036397" }, { "contents": "Lonaconing, Maryland\n\n\nLonaconing is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, along the Georges Creek Valley. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,214 at the 2010 census. The first non-Native American settlers in the late 18th century were explorers, hunters and farmers. Names of some of the first settlers were Dye, Duckworth, Green, Fazenbaker, Grove, VanBuskirk, Knapp and Miller. The first stone house built in 1790 in Knapps Meadow just north of Lonaconing was owned by Samuel", "id": "21890248" }, { "contents": "Hanover, Kansas\n\n\nestablished Hollenberg continued to draw to settlers of German, as well as Czech origin. Until World War I many residents of Hanover and the surrounding continued to speak their native languages, and to this day many German traditions remain an important aspect of town identity. German settlers often encountered Native people groups such as the Pawnee, Kansa, and the Kaw. Contact between the German settlers and natives were mainly non-violent and few conflicts were reported between the various groups. In fact, a substantial amount of trade took place between", "id": "21551120" }, { "contents": "Nescopeck Creek\n\n\nHazleton, respectively. In the early 1700s, some European settlers, who were granted warrants by William Penn, explored Native American trails in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. On these paths, skirmishes occasionally occurred between settlers and Native Americans. One example is the Sugarloaf Massacre, when a group of Native Americans ambushed some soldiers on the Lehigh Path near Nescopeck Creek in 1780. The first mill was built in the Nescopeck Creek watershed in 1788. By 1791, there were four settlers along Nescopeck Creek. In 1795, Samuel Mifflin built", "id": "18926683" }, { "contents": "History of Hartford City, Indiana\n\n\n, Benjamin Reasoner was the first known non-native to visit what would become Blackford County. He returned to the area in 1832 with his wife Mary and five of their children (plus son Peter's family), settling in what would become Blackford County's Licking Township. Peter Reasoner's third child, a daughter also named Mary, was the first non-native born in the county. Settlers began arriving in the future Blackford County shortly after the Reasoners during the 1830s. Other early settlers in the future Licking Township", "id": "1655198" }, { "contents": "Marysville, Washington\n\n\nAlthough Marysville remained a one-man town until 1883, a post office and school district were both established by 1879 using the names and signatures of Native American neighbors of Comeford's, who were given \"Boston\" names for the petition. Comeford completed construction of a two-story hotel in 1883 to welcome new settlers. Among the first residents to arrive were James Johnson and Thomas Lloyd, who suggested that Comeford's new town be named after their hometown of Marysville, California. Comeford sold his store and wharf to settlers", "id": "11938576" }, { "contents": "Malheur National Wildlife Refuge\n\n\ndemonstrate that these lakes were heavily utilized by Paiute tribes for hunting and fishing as part of their seasonal nomadic round of the Harney Valley from before 3,000 BP up until historic contact with and settlement of the area by non-Native peoples. For example, the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters lies within a major archaeological site that was once a settlement used by Paiute tribes seasonally for thousands of years until historic contact. The arrival of settlers in the region led to restrictions on the use of the land by the Paiute people who were", "id": "4349801" }, { "contents": "Yosemite National Park\n\n\nnon-native plant species within park boundaries. These non-native plants were introduced into Yosemite following the migration of early Euro-American settlers in the late 1850s. Natural and human-caused disturbances, such as wildland fires and construction activities, have contributed to a rapid increase in the spread of non-native plants. A number of these species aggressively invade and displace the native plant communities, resulting in impacts on the park's resources. Non-native plants can bring about significant changes in park ecosystems by altering the", "id": "4226604" }, { "contents": "Cultural assimilation of Native Americans\n\n\nbecame a problem once non-Indian settlers began moving into the area and using the Milk River as a water source for their settlements. As water sources are extremely sparse and limited in Montana, this argument of who had the legal rights to use the water was presented. After the case was tried, the Supreme Court came to the decision that the Fort Belknap reservation had reserved water rights through the 1888 agreement which had created the American Indian Reservation in the first place. This case was very important in setting a precedent for", "id": "10839175" }, { "contents": "History of Seattle before 1900\n\n\nespecially useful on the events regarding resistance nominally led by Kamiakim in the January 1856 attack on the town.\" The early Seattle settlers had a sometimes rocky relationship with the local Native Americans. There is no question that the settlers were steadily taking away native lands and, in many cases, treating the natives terribly. There were numerous deadly attacks by settlers against natives and by natives against settlers. Bill Speidel writes in \"Sons of the Profits\", \"The general consensus of the community was that killing an Indian was a", "id": "14808930" }, { "contents": "Native American cuisine\n\n\nsimilar to corn. Native Americans introduced the first non-Native American Southerners to many other vegetables still familiar on southern tables. Squash, pumpkin, many types of beans, tomatoes, many types of peppers, and sassafras all came to the settlers via the native tribes. Many fruits are available in this region. Muscadines, blackberries, raspberries, and many other wild berries were part of Southern Native Americans' diet. Southeastern Native Americans also supplemented their diets with meats derived from the hunting of native game. Venison was an", "id": "20771344" }, { "contents": "Germanisation\n\n\nsuch as the Teutonic Order, Austria, the German Empire, and Nazi Germany, non-Germans were often prohibited from using their native language, and had their traditions and culture suppressed. In addition, colonists and settlers were used to upset the population balance. During the Nazi era Germanisation turned into a policy of ethnic cleansing and later into the genocide of some non-German ethnic groups. Historically there are different forms and degrees of the expansion of the German language and of elements of German culture. There are examples of", "id": "157424" }, { "contents": "Burnt Church First Nation\n\n\nAt the time of Ganong's writing it was \"still a favorite Micmac settlement, and much the largest in all New Brunswick\". Following the Seven Years' War, several Acadian families returned to lands adjoining the reserve. They were followed by a wave of new Scottish settlers. Thus, the Burnt Church name is now used in reference to both the local First Nation, and to the adjoining non-native community. In recent years, Burnt Church First Nation members have fought strenuously for their traditional lobster fishing rights,", "id": "1684325" }, { "contents": "Quimper Peninsula\n\n\nnative explorers first arrived in the late 18th century, and the first non-native settlers in the mid-19th century, there were no permanent Native American settlements on the northern part of the peninsula as fresh water was obtainable only from streams at the southern end of the peninsula. The Chimakum lived along the southeastern shore of the peninsula and members of the S'Klallam along the southwestern shore. Because of strong tidal currents in Admiralty Inlet, Native Americans traveling between the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound would often portage their canoes across", "id": "12028630" }, { "contents": "Valatie, New York\n\n\nValatie (; ) is a village with several waterfalls in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,819 at the 2010 census. The village is at the center of the town of Kinderhook on US 9. Valatie was first named \"Pachaquak\", meaning \"cleared meadow\", by the earliest Native American settlers—Algonquian Mohicans—who lived along the banks of Valatie's two waterways now referred to as Valatie Kill and Kinderhook Creek. Part of the original New Netherland, the first European settlers were the", "id": "4854143" }, { "contents": "Chimariko\n\n\nThe Chimariko are an indigenous people of California, who originally lived in a narrow, 20-mile section of canyon on the Trinity River in Trinity County in northwestern California. Originally hunter-gatherers, the Chimariko are possibly the earliest residents of their region. They had good relations with the Wintu people and were enemies of the Hupa, a Southern Athabaskan people. Non-native fur trappers first entered the Chimariko's territory in 1820, followed by miners and settlers in the 1850s. The Chimariko were profoundly affected by the destructive environmental practices", "id": "12302676" }, { "contents": "Fulton County, Indiana\n\n\ncase of Fulton County, there were no attempts by United States settlers to permanently settle the area until the conclusion of the Blackhawk War. Fulton County's first permanent non-Native American settlers arrived in September and October 1832, most of whom came from New England though some of whom were New England transplants from upstate New York. Most of Fulton County's New England settlers came from Franklin County, Massachusetts, Grafton County, New Hampshire and Orange County, Vermont, as well as several farming families from Maine and the rural", "id": "11369714" }, { "contents": "North Annville Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania\n\n\nwere below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over. The first European settlers were German-Swiss Protestants, particularly Lutherans, who began clearing and farming the land in the early 18th century. Even today, most residents can trace their ancestry to one or more of those early settlers. The native Indian population was quickly driven north into the Appalachian Mountains, although conflicts between natives and settlers were recorded as late as 1756. This area was originally part of", "id": "8562592" }, { "contents": "Frankfort, Illinois\n\n\nchief, for land in the Prestwick area. The first pioneers came to Frankfort in the early 1830s by means of the Des Plaines River from the southwest and by wagon from the east along the Sauk Trail, a roadway that still exists today. William Rice, the first non-native settler, made a permanent settlement in Frankfort in 1831. While the first pioneers, coming mainly from the New England colonies, were mostly of English and Scottish descent, German settlers made the village of Frankfort a reality. Later in the", "id": "19434165" }, { "contents": "Ballard, Seattle\n\n\nsay that before non-Natives arrived, the group living around Shilshole may have been in decline due to a \"great catastrophe\". The remaining dozen or fewer families were evicted by non-Natives in the mid-19th century. One source suggests that the decline of the Shilshole dwelling Salish might have been due to raiding from Natives from farther north (Queen Charlotte's Island) and these raids also alarmed non-Native settlers.. The last member of the Shilshole native group-HWelch’teed or \"Salmon Bay Charlie\"-was forcibly removed to allow", "id": "15323464" }, { "contents": "Woylie\n\n\nof the beetles. Woylies were well known to the rural settlers of Western Australia. The species was used for meat during the earlier colonial period, although this practice did not persist amongst the colonists; while easily captured and available the skinning of the animal is said to be difficult. They were at one time kept as pets in the same region. Although similar species of marsupials were often regarded as agricultural pests, the woylie did not always acquire this reputation and was sometimes identified as a non-destructive native animal. Native", "id": "748545" }, { "contents": "Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri\n\n\nNative Americans were the only tribe between the Osage River and the Mississippi. They were of the same stock as the Sioux and were hostile to the whites. Around 1787, the Spanish government, who had acquired the territory from France in 1762, brought in a band of Shawnee and Delaware Native Americans, who had been friendly to the French, to help protect the settlers from the Osage. After the French had established and settled Ste. Genevieve, the first American settlers started showing up in about 1788, and trickled upriver", "id": "10494094" }, { "contents": "Spirit Lake, Iowa\n\n\n. The three brothers-in-law, O.C. Howe, B.F. Parmenter, and R.U. Wheelock, were soon joined by various other settlers, making homes along the lakes' shores. These settlers however, did not get along peacefully with the natives, and on March 13, 1857 Chief Inkpaduta of the Sioux led a revolt against the non-native settlers, killing all but four women. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.", "id": "20606685" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Ireland\n\n\nArticles. After the Restoration of 1660, it seems that the Thirty-Nine Articles took precedence; they remain the official doctrine of the Church of Ireland even after disestablishment. The Penal Laws, first introduced in the early 17th century, were initially designed to force the native elite to conform to the state church by excluding Non-conformists and Catholics from public office, but were later, starting under Queen Elizabeth, also used to confiscate virtually all Catholic owned land and grant it to Protestant settlers from England and Scotland. The", "id": "12651815" }, { "contents": "Milan Township, Allen County, Indiana\n\n\nmay have been a Miami. The reserved section occupied land bordered now by the Rohman and Platter roads. At the time of Indian Removal in 1846, those Miami who held separate allotments of land were allowed to stay as citizens in Indiana. Around 1872 the reserve was partially sold to non-native settlers, and by 1879, plat books were showing the “first family” Milan Township surnames of Lampe, Vondereau, Shafer, Bruick, Landin, and Yerks on that land. Although the Indiana Miami were recognized by the", "id": "8513260" }, { "contents": "Corn crib\n\n\n. Corn cribs were first used by Native Americans and were quickly adopted by European settlers. Struggling European settlers often raided corn cribs for food. As a result, at least some Native groups abandoned the corn crib and buried food in caches. Corn crib designs vary greatly. They were originally made of wood, but other materials such as concrete have also been used. The basic corn crib consists of a roofed bin elevated on posts. Another typical early American design has walls slanted outward. Most of the larger designs have an", "id": "2322117" }, { "contents": "Juan (Jan) Rodriguez\n\n\nJuan Rodriguez (Dutch: , Portuguese: ) was the first documented non-Native American to live on Manhattan Island. As such, he is considered the first non-native resident of what would eventually become New York City, predating the Dutch settlers. As he was born in Santo Domingo (now in the Dominican Republic) to a Portuguese sailor and an African woman, he is also considered the first immigrant, the first person of African heritage, the first person of European heritage, the first merchant, the first", "id": "21081131" }, { "contents": "The Wretched of the Earth\n\n\nof the temporary consequences of colonization that Fanon talks about is division of the native into three groups. The first is the native worker who is valued by the settler for their labor. The second group is what he calls the “colonized intellectual” (p. 47). These are, by western standards, the more educated members of the native group who are in many ways recruited by the settler to be spokespeople for their views. The settlers had “implanted in the minds of the colonized intellectual that the essential qualities remain", "id": "13367236" }, { "contents": "Mount Sinai, New York\n\n\nwas originally called \"Nonowatuck\", or \"stream that dries up\", by the Seatocot family of Native Americans who lived here. The first European settlers were Colonial settlers living in what is now Setauket, who obtained a deed from these local Native Americans in 1664. The origin of the town's initial European name, \"Old Mans\", is not known. The most prominent telling concerns Major John Gotherson, an elderly Englishman who was supposedly swindled into incorrectly believing he'd bought land in the New World by Captain", "id": "5473700" }, { "contents": "Lackawaxen Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania\n\n\nlived in the area through the early 19th century. Neither tribe had any substantial villages in the area, and they used the land as hunting grounds. Their tools, pot shards and bone fragments have been found at Native American rock shelters and camp sites. The first permanent European settlers in the area were Jonathan Conkling and John Barnes, who built in 1770. In the Battle of Minisink in 1779, 40-50 European colonial settlers were killed in an engagement with a band of mostly Iroquois and Loyalists led by Colonel Joseph", "id": "8965817" }, { "contents": "Rochester, Wisconsin\n\n\nRochester is a village in Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,682 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the former Town of Rochester. On November 4, 2008, the village of Rochester voted to consolidate with the Town of Rochester. The first non-Native American settlers in Rochester were a group of five farming families, who all hailed from the town of Rochester, Vermont after which they gave their new settlement its name. The old Union House hotel in the Village of Rochester was", "id": "17383619" }, { "contents": "Halifax River\n\n\n, including two bascule bridges. They are ordered from north to south. The area of the Halifax River was first settled about 7,000 years ago, by Native American tribes who were the ancestors of tribes such as the Timucua Indians. The natives lived on fish and oysters, leaving shell mounds on both sides of the Halifax River. Most of the shell mounds were used by later settlers to build roads, but a few remain in the area, preserved as historical sites, such as Green Mound, Nocoroco, Ormond Mound,", "id": "15521731" }, { "contents": "Aramango District\n\n\nAramango is a district of the province of Bagua. The first settlers were the families aguarunas (Holy family and Cumbia), that were located, in what today it is the Principal Park, with the arrival of the colonists in the year 1955 approximately, native these were displaced, sheltering in the first moment in the Native Community of the Reservation Ujucamo and others of marcharon to the interior of that of the forest. The first colonists who took positions of native grounds in today District of Aramango were the gentlemen: Gonzalo Flores", "id": "7265341" }, { "contents": "Delaware\n\n\nwith other persons of color in official records and in the minds of their non-Native American neighbors. The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle in present-day Delaware in the middle region by establishing a trading post at Zwaanendael, near the site of Lewes in 1631. Within a year all the settlers were killed in a dispute with area Native American tribes. In 1638 New Sweden, a Swedish trading post and colony, was established at Fort Christina (now in Wilmington) by Peter Minuit at the head of a", "id": "8039243" }, { "contents": "Native American cultures in the United States\n\n\nnoted thousands of acres under cultivation by Native Americans. Native Americans commonly used tools such as the hoe, maul, and dibber. The hoe was the main tool used to till the land and prepare it for planting; then it was used for weeding. The first versions were made out of wood and stone. When the settlers brought iron, Native Americans switched to iron hoes and hatchets. The dibber was a digging stick, used to plant the seed. Once the plants were harvested, women prepared the produce for eating", "id": "18408042" }, { "contents": "Walkara\n\n\nin the Great Basin and Southwest and from the expansion of Latter-day Saint settlements. One conjecture holds that Mormon settlers also strongly objected to the profitable traditional trade in native slaves and interfered in many transactions. This is contradictory to the fact that Young was not, by his own account, an abolitionist. In addition, increasing numbers of non-Mormon trading expeditions and settlers were traveling through Central and Southern Utah, adding to the competition for water and resources. Some isolated natives were killed, and Walkara and other leaders", "id": "3562244" }, { "contents": "Catawissa Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania\n\n\n. The first Native Americans to settle in the vicinity of the township were the Piscatawese, Conoys, or Gangawese, who built a wigwam in Catawissa. The first house in Catawissa Township was built in 1774 by Moses Roberts. By the mid to late 1770s, Quakers had arrived in the township. More settlers arrived in Catawissa Township in 1782. The same year, a group of Native Americans arrived in the area to re-establish a wigwam. This led to strife between them and the settlers, and several murders occurred", "id": "8180034" }, { "contents": "Mendocino War\n\n\nsettlers were at fault for the entire conflict, and that the locals had funded the slaughter. Many settlers claimed that the natives began the trouble by stealing cattle, while others testified that natives were allowed to eat the cattle and horses that strayed and died of natural causes. Nevertheless, a general consensus emerged that the settlers wanted the natives off of their land and used any means necessary to force them out, including blaming natives for stealing livestock. The investigation concluded that no war had actually occurred in Mendocino County, since the", "id": "5928097" }, { "contents": "David Thompson (New Hampshire settler)\n\n\nDavid Thompson (1593–1628) was the first non-native settler of New Hampshire and the namesake of Thompson Island in Boston Harbor. He may have been a descendant of Sir Thomas Stewart, Master of Mar. David Thompson was born in Corstorphine, a village in the Kingdom of Scotland. His father was the Reverend Richard Thomson (c. 1564-1606), who had received an ecclesiastical appointment from James VI of Scotland (reigned 1567–1625). The identity of David's mother is unknown. His stepmother (Richard Thomson's second", "id": "8658992" }, { "contents": "Johnstown, Ontario\n\n\na convenient place for those travelling on the river to rest. When the French arrived in the 1600s they were met by the Native Americans at Johnstown, who were essentially responsible for inspiring the French to settle here. The first regular land occupancy began in 1673 when French settlers, along with the allied Natives, built a fortified storehouse in present-day Johnstown, then called La Veille Gallette. The storehouse was situated on the shores of Old Breeches River, now called Johnstown Creek, and was used to hold supplies headed upriver", "id": "15773356" }, { "contents": "Johnson Creek (Willamette River)\n\n\nstem and provides habitat for salmon and other migrating fish. Prior to European settlement, the watershed was heavily forested and was used by Native Americans of the Chinook band for fishing and hunting. In the 19th century, non-Native American settlers cleared much of the land for farming, and the stream is named for one of these newcomers, William Johnson, who in 1846 built a water-powered sawmill along the creek. By the early 20th century, a rail line parallel to the stream encouraged further residential and commercial development", "id": "18850893" }, { "contents": "Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur\n\n\nThe native curtly replied: \"\"Duminag!\"\" meaning \"I won\". The government agent misheard the word. Instead of \"Duminag\", he wrote down \"Dumingag\". The authenticity of these stories, however, is questionable since there has never been a single piece of evidence or record that Dumi and Ingag had ever actually existed. The first non-Subanen settlers of Dumingag were from the Ilo-ilo town of Dumangas the Decolongon Family who cultivated town center area. According to more convincing sources,", "id": "11252177" }, { "contents": "Zwolle, Louisiana\n\n\naround the townsite. As Mound Builders, they were ancestors of North American Indians who owned and inhabited the territory when the Europeans arrived. Later, the area was colonized by Spain, which sent the earliest non-Indians to the territory. Las Cabezas, a Spanish mission church was built at Bayou Scie. Spanish soldiers and Native people intermarried over many generations, and colonial Spanish (not Mexican Spanish) was still spoken in the area until the 1970s. The first English-speaking settlers arrived in Sabine Parish in 1824,", "id": "21772827" }, { "contents": "Dawes Act\n\n\nnatives was declared surplus and sold to non-native settlers as well as railroad and other large corporations; other sections were converted into federal parks and military compounds. The concern shifted from encouraging private native landownership to satisfying the white settlers' demand for larger portions of land. Given the conditions on the Great Plains, the land granted to most allottees was not sufficient for economic viability of farming. Division of land among heirs upon the allottees' deaths quickly led to land fractionalization. Most allotment land, which could be sold after", "id": "10896770" }, { "contents": "Edgewood, Washington\n\n\nMay 1833. Trappers with Native American wives had moved to the area in the 1830s and settlers in the 1850s. Washington's first telegraph line paralleled Military Road that ran through the heart of Edgewood. Approximately 420 Americans (apart from Indians) resided in what is now Pierce County in 1858. By 1862, 681 non-Native Americans were reported to be residents of Pierce County. Evidence indicates that the first building on the North Hill (Surprise Lake) was a one-room log building formed as School District 27 in", "id": "11887555" }, { "contents": "Stereotypes of groups within the United States\n\n\neach other continue within modern culture, e.g. the film \"Dances with Wolves\" (1990). Over time, as settlers spread west, Native Americans were seen as obstacles and their image became more negative. Native Americans were portrayed in popular media as wild, primitive, uncivilized, dangerous people who continuously attack white settlers, cowboys, and stagecoaches and ululate while holding one hand in front of their mouths. They speak invariably in a deep voice and use stop words like \"How\" and \"Ugh\". In drawings", "id": "4724911" }, { "contents": "Cossacks\n\n\nwere heavily influenced by the culture of North Caucasian tribes). They also frequently married local residents (non-Cossack settlers and natives), regardless of race or origin, sometimes setting aside religious restrictions. War brides brought from distant lands were also common in Cossack families. General Bogaevsky, a commander in the Russian Volunteer Army, mentions in his 1918 memoir that one of his Cossacks, Sotnik Khoperski, was a native Chinese who had been brought back as a child from Manchuria during the Russian-Japanese War 1904–1905; a", "id": "12957166" }, { "contents": "John Molloy (Australian settler)\n\n\nthat he chose the names and titles of the Duke of York, who had died five years previously: \"Osnaburg Street\", \"York Street\", \"Albany Terrace\", \"Duke's Head\" and \"Point Frederick\". Initial relationships with the Aborigines of the area (the Bibbulmun and Wardandi peoples) were friendly, but the relationship soured over the years, as the settlers further encroached on the natives' traditional lands and the natives increasingly stole from the settlers. By the mid-1830s, natives and settlers had", "id": "6703433" }, { "contents": "Kasper Mansker\n\n\nrepresentation. Eventually, the Indians soon realized that the constant push of white, European settlers was unending. The primary concern was the squatting, by frontier settlers, on Native lands, that were recognized, among the various tribes, as shared hunting grounds. With the arrival of intrusive settlers, who claimed Indian territory, as their rightful property, was considered unacceptable by Native Americans. The result was a series of frequent attacks by the native Indians against settlers in the region. Due to his skill and experience in this area", "id": "9798775" }, { "contents": "Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar\n\n\nbeen few Native Americans in the area, but in 1621, the settlers were approached by a group, including two, Samoset and Squanto, who spoke some English. Squanto taught the Pilgrims indigenous methods for cultivating corn (maize), a plant native to the New World with which the emigrants were unfamiliar. This knowledge helped the Pilgrims gradually become established. The Pilgrims grew in population relatively slowly over the first generations in America, and became a minority among settlers in the area. In 1691, Plymouth Colony became part of", "id": "18618941" }, { "contents": "Edgerton, Colorado\n\n\nand stone barn are in a meadow along the Santa Fe Regional Trail. There are some ruins of the stone foundations. Of the Native Americans who were in the area, the Ute people were friendly. They sold beads to settlers and would sometimes get a free meal of biscuits. The Cheyenne and Arapaho were hostile to the settlers, who make their houses to be like fortresses–make of stone and wooden walls as much as three-feet-thick. Some had narrow slots just wide enough to use to shoot a", "id": "21748107" }, { "contents": "John Molloy (Australian settler)\n\n\nbecome hostile to one another. In 1837 nine natives were shot in response to the killing of a settler's calf. Molloy, who valued protection of the settlers' property over protection of the natives' lives, took no action in this case. On the other hand, when a settler named George Layman was murdered by a native named Gaywal in February 1841, Molloy led a punitive party against him. Gaywal was ultimately shot dead while trying to escape. In March 1842, Charles Bussell shot a seven-year-", "id": "6703434" }, { "contents": "Dangcagan, Bukidnon\n\n\ntheir home only when they knew the settlers were not around. This leads the settler to call the “Dagandagan”. It took ample time for the settler to befriend the natives. When the natives and the Christian settlers finally united, they made representation to the Municipal Government of Maramag to form a regular barrio within the territory of Datu Dangaan. They agreed to call the barrio Dangcagan in honor of the natives. The first set of officers was headed by Mayor Vicente Cabiling, originally appointed to the position in 1961 and was", "id": "10456320" }, { "contents": "Cherokee\n\n\nrailroads. Development and settlers followed the railroads. By the late 19th century, the government believed that Native Americans would be better off if each family owned its own land. The Dawes Act of 1887 provided for the breakup of commonly held tribal land into individual household allotments. Native Americans were registered on the Dawes Rolls and allotted land from the common reserve. The US government counted the remainder of tribal land as \"surplus\" and sold it to non-Cherokee individuals. The Curtis Act of 1898 dismantled tribal governments, courts", "id": "5422774" }, { "contents": "Romulus, New York\n\n\ncontains the area of Kendaia (Apple Town), a former Iroquois (Seneca) village destroyed by the residents in anticipation of the arrival of the Sullivan Expedition on September 5, 1779. After the war, this town became part of the Central New York Military Tract, land for veterans of the Revolution. Returning natives were provided with land at the north end of Cayuga Lake. This reservation was partly in the eastern side of modern Romulus. The first non-native settlers arrived around 1789. The town was formed while", "id": "5405466" }, { "contents": "History of Honduras (to 1838)\n\n\nindividual Spanish settlers. Under terms of the \"encomienda\" system, the Spaniards were supposed to provide the indigenous people with religious instruction and collect tribute from them for the crown. In return, the Spaniards were entitled to a supposedly limited use of indigenous labor. As the native population declined, the settlers exploited those remaining even more ruthlessly. This exploitation led to a clash between the Spanish settlers and authorities on one side and on the other side the Roman Catholic Church led by Father Cristóbal de Pedraza, who, in 1542", "id": "3188215" }, { "contents": "History of Kilkenny\n\n\n(subjugated) Irish, by reasserting English culture among the English settlers. The statutes begin by recognising that the English settlers had been influenced by Irish culture and customs, as quoted above. They forebode the intermarriage between the native Irish and the native English, the English fostering of Irish children, the English adoption of Irish children and use of Irish names and dress. Those English colonists who did not know how to speak English were required to learn the language (on pain of losing their land and belongings), along with", "id": "15858398" }, { "contents": "Native Americans in the United States\n\n\nareas for cropland. Their fields in New England sometimes covered hundreds of acres. Colonists in Virginia noted thousands of acres under cultivation by Native Americans. Native Americans commonly used tools such as the hoe, maul, and dibber. The hoe was the main tool used to till the land and prepare it for planting; then it was used for weeding. The first versions were made out of wood and stone. When the settlers brought iron, Native Americans switched to iron hoes and hatchets. The dibber was a digging stick,", "id": "1437397" }, { "contents": "Seneca Nation of New York\n\n\nher newly adopted Seneca Nation and European-American settlers, particularly in explaining treaty agreements. The tribe claims authority to banish non-Seneca individuals from tribal lands; it has historically used this power in only rare circumstances, such as a December 2016 incident in which six non-natives were banished from the tribe's territories, two of whom were banned for minor traffic violations and the other four for drug possession. Since the later 20th century, the Seneca have been increasingly active in exercising sovereignty on their reservation and enforcing their", "id": "19977210" }, { "contents": "Thirty Meter Telescope protests\n\n\nis the last of the finch billed honeycreepers existing on the island. Over 50% of native bird species had been killed off due to loss of habitat from early western settlers or the introduction of non native species competing for resources. Hunters and sportsmen were concerned that the hunting of feral animals would be affected by the telescope operations. A \"Save Mauna Kea\" movement was inspired by the proliferation of telescopes with opposition believing development of the mountain to be sacrilegious. Native Hawaiian non-profit groups such as Kahea, whose goals", "id": "16933181" }, { "contents": "Mauna Kea Observatories\n\n\nthe finch billed honeycreepers existing on the island. Over 50% of native bird species had been killed off due to loss of habitat from early western settlers or the introduction of non-native species competing for resources. Hunters and sportsmen were concerned that the hunting of feral animals would be affected by the telescope operations. A \"Save Mauna Kea\" movement was inspired by the proliferation of telescopes, with opposition believing development of the mountain to be sacrilegious. Native Hawaiian non-profit groups, such as Kahea, whose goals are", "id": "20322698" }, { "contents": "Little Butte Creek\n\n\nand possibly the Shasta tribe of Native Americans. The first non-indigenous settlers arrived in the Eagle Point region in 1852. Little Butte Creek was named by the early settlers for its close proximity to Mount McLoughlin (also known as Snowy Butte), as was nearby Big Butte Creek. Due to conflicts with the Rogue River Indians, Major J. A. Lupton gathered 35 men from Jacksonville on October 8, 1855, and attacked the Native Americans near the mouth of Little Butte Creek, killing about 30 of them. Lupton was", "id": "13686900" }, { "contents": "Tipton County, Indiana\n\n\nnon-indigenous settlers in the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by several Native American tribes. The county was officially established in 1844, one of the last Indiana counties to be settled. Tipton and Howard Counties were established by the same legislative action on January 15. Prior to the arrival of non-indigenous settlers in the 1830s, the area of Tipton County was inhabited by the Miami and Delaware tribes. Tipton County was formed in 1844. It was named for John Tipton, a soldier of the Battle of", "id": "11368826" }, { "contents": "Willamette River\n\n\nAs commerce and industry flourished on the lower river, most of the original settlers acquired farms in the upper Willamette Valley. By the late 1850s, farmers had begun to grow crops on most of the available fertile land. The settlers increasingly encroached on Native American lands. Skirmishes between natives and settlers in the Umpqua and Rogue valleys to the southwest of the Willamette River led the Oregon state government to remove the natives by military force. They were first led off their traditional lands to the Willamette Valley, but soon were marched to", "id": "2097263" }, { "contents": "Colorado War\n\n\ntribal territories but no right to settle there. The area was of little use to the American colonists before 1859, when the Colorado Gold Rush brought the first large numbers of settlers to the Colorado Piedmont along the mountains, inundating the designated Native American lands with settlers and prospectors. The new settlers, in fact illegal squatters, demanded that the US government extinguish the still existing Native American title, and in the autumn of 1860 federal agents reopened negotiations with factions of the two tribes at a council on the Arkansas River. At", "id": "9214507" }, { "contents": "NNEST\n\n\npraised and admired for the multiculturalism and diversity they bring into language classes, non-native English teachers, who can contribute their rich multicultural, multilingual experiences, are often barred from the same classes.\" Peter Medgyes (1994) characterized native English-speaking teachers as informal, flexible, and confident and characterize NNEST as follows : A number of edited volumes were published on issues related to NNESTs. There are basically two arguments that support the use of term \"non-native English-speaking teachers\". First, it", "id": "13498009" }, { "contents": "Currency lads and lasses\n\n\nCurrency lads and lasses (collectively known as currency or the currency) were the first generations of native-born white Australians. They were the children of the British settlers, including convicts, who arrived in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, beginning with the First Fleet in 1788. In the early years of the Colony of New South Wales, the term \"currency\" was used to refer to any money other than pound sterling, which was the only legal tender. Owing to a shortage of sterling, \"currency", "id": "9166528" }, { "contents": "History of Paraguay\n\n\ncathedral, two churches, three convents, and two schools. Irala eventually antagonized the native peoples. In the last years of his life he yielded to pressure from settlers and established the \"encomienda\" system, under which Spanish settlers received estates of land along with the right to the labor and produce of natives who were living on this land. Although \"encomenderos\" were expected to care for the spiritual and material needs of natives, the system quickly degenerated into virtual slavery. 20,000 natives were divided among 320 \"encomenderos,", "id": "3896482" }, { "contents": "Macanese people\n\n\nno ancestry from the Portuguese, having assimilated into the Macanese people since they were rejected by non-Christian Chinese. The majority of marriages between Portuguese and natives was between Portuguese men and women of Tanka origin, who were considered the lowest class of people in China and had relations with Portuguese settlers and sailors, or low class Chinese women. Western men like the Portuguese were refused by high class Chinese women, who did not marry foreigners. Literature in Macau was written about love affairs and marriage between the Tanka women and Portuguese", "id": "12354937" }, { "contents": "Yamhill County, Oregon\n\n\nof the Kalapooian family) Indians, who have inhabited the area for over 8000 years. They are one of the tribes incorporated into the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde. In 1857 they were forced to migrate to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation created in Oregon's Coastal Range two years earlier. The earliest non-native settlers were employees of the various fur companies operating in Oregon Country, who started settling there around 1814. But it was the establishment of the Oregon Trail that led to significant migration to the area. Yamhill", "id": "8846021" }, { "contents": "Weir Village, Massachusetts\n\n\nwest side of the river, along Weir Street , a dense residential area extends in an easterly direction across the river along Plain and Berkley Streets. The Taunton area was called \"Cohannet\" by the native Wampanoag tribes that inhabited the area before the first English settlers arrived in the early 17th century. The location which would later become Weir Village was used by the natives who erected fishing weirs to catch herring in the Taunton River, which were in great abundance. With increased settlement, the seasonal herring fishing industry became a vital", "id": "916832" }, { "contents": "The Pale\n\n\n, a version of English became the official language. Its closest modern derivative is said to be the accent used by natives of Fingal. In 1366, so that the English Crown could assert its authority over the settlers, a parliament was assembled in Kilkenny and the Statute of Kilkenny was enacted. The statute decreed that intermarriage between English settlers and Irish natives was forbidden. It also forbade the settlers from using the Irish language and adopting Irish modes of dress or other customs, as such practices were already common. The adoption of", "id": "16794007" }, { "contents": "McKittrick Tar Pits\n\n\nhave been known for a long time by the local Native American \"Yokut people\" who mined the asphalt and used it as a sealant for waterproofing, decoration, and even for trade. In the 1860s, San Joaquin Valley settlers mined the tar pits both from open pits and shafts and the first commercial exploitation occurred by the \"Buena Vista Petroleum Company\". The tar pits have trapped and preserved hundreds of Pleistocene Age animals The first paleontological studies were conducted between 1900 and 1910, in 1928 the first major studies were conducted", "id": "18431513" }, { "contents": "Squanto\n\n\nupon by four Natives who shot one in the side with an arrow. Shortly thereafter, a dispute arose between those settlers who were supposed to remain and those who were returning to England, which resulted in the decision to end the settlement project. All of the settlers embarked on the return voyage on June 17. No attempt was made by the English to learn from this encounter with the local populations. The entrepreneurs were interested only in return on investment, and viewed the Natives simply as a means to achieve European commercial goals", "id": "14457546" }, { "contents": "Herero and Namaqua genocide\n\n\nto contact between natives and settlers, believing that the insurrection was \"the beginning of a racial struggle\" and fearing that the colonists would be infected by native diseases. Benjamin Madley argues that although Shark Island is referred to as a concentration camp, it functioned as an extermination camp or death camp. Prisoners were used for medical experiments and their illnesses or their recoveries from them were used for research. Experiments on live prisoners were performed by Dr. Bofinger, who injected Herero that were suffering from scurvy with various substances including arsenic and", "id": "13526437" }, { "contents": "Poles in Ukraine\n\n\nsettlers assimilated into the native culture. In Ukrainian lands further east, near the Kiev region, the first Polish settlers were prisoners of war who were captured by Yaroslav the Wise during his war against Poland in 1030-1031 and settled on lands near Kiev, where they became farmers and assimilated into the local population. More Polish settlers arrived in the 12th century, resulting in the establishment of a Roman Catholic mission in Kiev. In the 16th and 17th centuries Polish kings, in particular Stephen Báthory and Sigismund III Vasa, sponsored", "id": "21273536" }, { "contents": "Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859\n\n\nThe Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859 were a series of attacks committed by white settlers from the East Coast of the United States against the Yuki people of Round Valley, Mendocino County, California as they moved west. White immigrants flooded into northern California in 1848 due to the California Gold Rush, increasing the non-Indian population of California from 13,000 to well over 300,000 in little more than a decade. The sudden influx of miners and settlers on top of the nearly 300,000 Native Americans living in the area strained space and resources", "id": "20789919" }, { "contents": "Waaje Fire Tower No.4\n\n\nsite human observers. Barakula State Forest, established in 1907, was part of Queensland Government's efforts to conserve native forests for sustainable forestry. Of Queensland's natural resources, timber was the most obvious and abundant to the first Europeans, and the timber industry played a vital role in the economic development of Queensland, while also providing its most important building material. From the earliest days of non-Indigenous occupation, Queensland's native timbers were exploited; by timber getters, as well as by settlers clearing agricultural or pastoral land", "id": "1163306" }, { "contents": "Roxy Ann Peak\n\n\nmountain is Medford's most important viewshed, open space reserve, and recreational resource. The area was originally inhabited beginning 8,000 to 10,000 years ago by ancestral Native Americans. The Latgawa Native American tribe was present in the early 1850s when the sudden influx of non-indigenous settlers resulted in the Rogue River Wars. After the wars, the Latgawa were forced away from the region onto reservations. The peak was named in the late 1850s after one of its first landowners, Roxy Ann Bowen. In 1883, the city of Medford", "id": "15933646" }, { "contents": "Yellow Wolf (Nez Perce)\n\n\nNative Americans were being killed by incoming white people, without consequence. They were being hanged and threatened with violence if they didn't give in to settlers' demands for land. The elders in the tribe were trying to take a non-violent route, attempting to keep their people from retaliating. In addition to that, the representatives of the U.S. government who came to talk to them seemed to be going out of their way to be insulting, or at least took no effort to understand cultural sensitivities. It was against", "id": "15820873" }, { "contents": "Other (philosophy)\n\n\nestablishing a colony, Othering a non-white people allows the colonisers to physically subdue and \"civilise\" the natives to establish the hierarchies of domination (political and social) required for exploiting the subordinated natives and their country. As a function of empire, a settler colony is an economic means for profitably disposing of two demographic groups: (i) the colonists (surplus population of the motherland) and (ii) the colonised (the subaltern native to be exploited) who antagonistically define and represent the Other as separate and", "id": "8931073" }, { "contents": "Big Runaway\n\n\n. There had always been tensions between the settlers and natives, with some attacks, especially in the \"Fair Play\" area. This became more serious in the winter of 1777–78, when two settlers were killed by Native Americans in separate incidents, and two Native Americans in a party of nine were killed by Colonel John Henry Antes and his men in a skirmish after. Later a party of Native American raiders who had plundered along Buffalo Creek, near Lewisburg in Union County were stopped near modern Jersey Shore in Lycoming County and", "id": "6707724" }, { "contents": "Ecology of the Sierra Nevada\n\n\nintroduced into Yosemite following the migration of early settlers in the late 1850s. Natural and human-caused disturbances, such as wildland fires and construction activities, have contributed to a rapid increase in the spread of non-native plants. A number of these species aggressively invade and displace the native plant communities, resulting in impacts on the park's resources. Non-native plants can bring about significant changes in park ecosystems by altering the native plant communities and the processes that support them. Some non-native species may cause an", "id": "17197263" }, { "contents": "Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)\n\n\nthe far east the departments have small parts of the huge Pantanal wetland. The first settlers of Santa Cruz were mainly Spaniards that accompanied Ñuflo de Chávez, as well as Guarani, and some Flemings, Portuguese, Germans and Italians working for the Spanish crown. Among the first settlers there were also Sephardic Jews recently converted to Christianity who were persecuted by the Inquisition in Spain. Santa Cruz has a multicultural population: 57% are Castizos with both Mestizo and European ascendants, 30% are Natives (Chiquitano, Chane, Ayoreo,", "id": "15415982" } ]

[ { "contents": "List of largest Italian companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Italy in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". Exor, who would be the largest company by revenue, is listed by Fortune as a dutch company. This list displays the all 6 Italian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are", "id": "21296766" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in India\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in India in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". The 50 largest companies by revenue in 2018 according to the Fortune 500. This list is based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor", "id": "21777213" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Israel\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Israel in terms of their revenue, net profit, total assets and market capitalization according to the American business magazine \"Forbes\". This list is based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The", "id": "21776001" }, { "contents": "List of largest Chinese companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in China in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". In 2019, \"Fortune\"'s Global 500 list of the world's largest corporations included 119 Chinese companies, with combined revenues of US$8.2 trillion. That same year, \"Forbes\" reported that five of the world's ten largest public companies were Chinese, including the world's largest bank by total assets, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of", "id": "9580484" }, { "contents": "List of largest German companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Germany in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 29 German companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21296887" }, { "contents": "List of largest French companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in France in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 31 French companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21339433" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in the United Kingdom\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in the United Kingdom in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 16 British companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This", "id": "21339740" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies of the Netherlands\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in the Netherlands in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 12 Dutch companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list", "id": "21379676" }, { "contents": "List of largest Spanish companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Spain in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 9 Spanish companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21380050" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies of South Korea\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in South Korea in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 16 Korean companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list", "id": "21380114" }, { "contents": "List of largest Mexican companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Mexico in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 4 Mexican companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21380225" }, { "contents": "List of largest Brazilian companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies of Brazil in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 8 Brazilian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21380292" }, { "contents": "List of largest Australian companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Australia in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 7 Australian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21380551" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Canada\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Canada in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 14 Canadian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21454527" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Saudi Arabia\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies of Saudi Arabia in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 2 Saudi companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list", "id": "21454586" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Taiwan\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Taiwan in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 14 Taiwanese companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21454952" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Singapore\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Singapore in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all 3 Singaporean companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is", "id": "21666797" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Malaysia\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Malaysia in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Malaysian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21666808" }, { "contents": "List of largest Austrian companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Austria in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Austrian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21666830" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Belgium\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Belgium in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Belgian companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21712580" }, { "contents": "List of largest Swedish companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Sweden in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Swedish companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in billions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21712787" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Thailand\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Thailand in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Thai companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21775931" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies of the United Arab Emirates\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies of the United Arab Emirates in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all UAE companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This", "id": "21775955" }, { "contents": "List of largest Danish companies\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Denmark in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Danish companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21775988" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Finland\n\n\nThis article lists the largest companies in Finland in terms of their revenue, net profit and total assets, according to the American business magazines \"Fortune\" and \"Forbes\". This list displays all Finnish companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. This list is based", "id": "21777178" }, { "contents": "Economy of the European Union\n\n\n, like Allianz, which is the largest financial service provider in the world by revenue; WPP plc which is the world's largest advertising agency by revenue; Amorim, which is the world's largest cork-processing and cork producer company; ArcelorMittal, which is the largest steel company in the world; Inditex which is the biggest fashion group in the world; Groupe Danone, which has the world leadership in the dairy products market. Anheuser-Busch InBev is the largest beer company in the world; L'Oréal Group, which", "id": "21183268" }, { "contents": "Economy of France\n\n\nAreva is a large nuclear-energy company; Veolia Environnement is the world's largest environmental services and water management company; Vinci SA, Bouygues and Eiffage are large construction companies; Michelin ranks in the top 3 tire manufacturers; JCDecaux is the world's largest outdoor advertising corporation; BNP Paribas, Credit Agricole and Société Générale rank amongst the largest in the world by assets. Carrefour is the world's second largest retail group in terms of revenue; Total is the world's fourth largest private oil company; Danone is the world", "id": "18733017" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies by revenue\n\n\nThis list comprises the world's largest companies by consolidated revenue as of 2019, according to the \"Fortune\" Global 500 latest tally published on July 22, 2019. American retail corporation Walmart has been the world's largest company by revenue since 2014, with $514 billion in revenue in 2019. The list is limited to the top 50 companies, all of which have annual revenues exceeding $110 billion US dollars. 32 out of the 50 companies are either from the United States or China. Only companies that publish financial", "id": "13717015" }, { "contents": "AT&T\n\n\nAT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the world's largest telecommunications company, the largest provider of mobile telephone services, and the largest provider of fixed telephone services in the United States through AT&T Communications. Since June 14, 2018, it is also the parent company of mass media conglomerate WarnerMedia, making it the world's largest media and entertainment company in terms of revenue. , AT&T is ranked #9 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United", "id": "13385689" }, { "contents": "China Petrochemical Corporation\n\n\nChina Petrochemical Corporation () or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is headquartered at Chaoyangmenwai in Beijing, across the road from the headquarters of fellow state-owned oil company and competitor CNOOC Group. Sinopec Group ranked the 3rd in the Fortune Global 500 List in 2018, with revenue over 326 billion USD. It is the third largest company in the world in terms of revenue. Its major subsidiary", "id": "1515884" }, { "contents": "List of largest German companies\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 53 companies in the Forbes", "id": "21296888" }, { "contents": "List of largest French companies\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 57 French companies in the", "id": "21339434" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies of the Netherlands\n\n\nis based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 25 companies in the", "id": "21379677" }, { "contents": "List of largest Australian companies\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 37 Australian companies in the", "id": "21380552" }, { "contents": "Apple Inc.\n\n\nIts worldwide annual revenue totaled $265billion for the 2018 fiscal year. Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies. It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei. In August 2018, Apple became the first public U.S. company to be valued at over $1 trillion. The company employs 123,000 full-time employees and maintains 504 retail stores in 24 countries . It operates the iTunes Store, which is the world's largest music", "id": "286701" }, { "contents": "List of largest Italian companies\n\n\nthe headquarters location, net profit and industry sector of each company. This list is based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions", "id": "21296767" }, { "contents": "List of largest Spanish companies\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 21 companies from Spain are", "id": "21380051" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies of South Korea\n\n\nis based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. The 50 highest ranked companies", "id": "21380115" }, { "contents": "List of largest Brazilian companies\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 20 companies from Brazil in", "id": "21380293" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Canada\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 56 companies from Canada are", "id": "21454528" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Saudi Arabia\n\n\nis based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 20 companies from Brazil", "id": "21454587" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Taiwan\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 47 companies from Taiwan in", "id": "21454953" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Singapore\n\n\nbased on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 13 companies from Singapore are", "id": "21666798" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Malaysia\n\n\non the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 9 companies from Malaysia are listed", "id": "21666809" }, { "contents": "List of largest Austrian companies\n\n\non the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 9 companies from Austria are listed", "id": "21666831" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Belgium\n\n\non the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 10 companies from Belgium are listed", "id": "21712581" }, { "contents": "List of largest Swedish companies\n\n\non the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 26 companies from Sweden are listet", "id": "21712788" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Thailand\n\n\non the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 15 companies from Thailand are listet", "id": "21775932" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies of the United Arab Emirates\n\n\nlist is based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 9 companies from", "id": "21775956" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in Finland\n\n\non the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. All 9 companies from Finland are listet", "id": "21777179" }, { "contents": "Rosneft\n\n\na number of state-controlled gas and oil assets. Rosneft became Russia's leading oil company after purchasing assets of former oil company Yukos at state-run auctions. After acquiring OJSC TNK-BP in 2013, then one of the largest oil companies of Russia, Rosneft became the world's largest publicly traded petroleum company. Rosneft is the third largest company of Russia and the second-largest state-controlled company after Gazprom in Russia in terms of revenue (₽4,134 billion). Internationally, it is one of the", "id": "12771736" }, { "contents": "Samsung\n\n\nlargest information technology company, consumer electronics maker and chipmaker measured by 2017 revenues), Samsung Heavy Industries (the world's 2nd largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues), and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T (respectively the world's 13th and 36th largest construction companies). Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world's 14th largest life insurance company), Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the oldest theme park in South Korea) and Cheil Worldwide (the world's 15th largest advertising agency measured by 2012 revenues", "id": "16716908" }, { "contents": "List of largest companies in the United Kingdom\n\n\nlist is based on the Forbes Global 2000, which ranks the world's 2,000 largest publicly traded companies. The \"Forbes\" list takes into account a multitude of factors, including the revenue, net profit, total assets and market value of each company; each factor is given a weighted rank in terms of importance when considering the overall ranking. The table below also lists the headquarters location and industry sector of each company. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2018. The 50 highest ranked", "id": "21339741" }, { "contents": "DuPont (1802–2017)\n\n\nindustry, and later other refrigerants. It also developed synthetic pigments and paints including ChromaFlair. In 2014, DuPont was the world's fourth-largest chemical company based on market capitalization and eighth-largest based on revenue. On August 31, 2017, it merged with the Dow Chemical Company to create DowDuPont, the world's largest chemical company in terms of sales. Subsequently DowDuPont spun off three businesses and is now known as DuPont. DuPont was founded in 1802 by Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, using capital raised in France and", "id": "21086606" }, { "contents": "Compaq\n\n\nRemote Access Servers (RAS) and the popular Carbon Copy software. In 1998, Compaq acquired Digital Equipment Corporation for a then-industry record of $9 billion USD. The merger made Compaq, at the time, the world's second largest computer maker in the world in terms of revenue behind IBM. Digital Equipment, which had nearly twice as many employees as Compaq while generating half the revenue, had been a leading computer company during the 1970s and early 1980s. However, Digital had struggled during the 1990s, with", "id": "7936197" }, { "contents": "Original equipment manufacturer\n\n\nAn original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer. The largest OEM company in the world by both scale and revenue is Foxconn, a Taiwanese electronics company, which manufactures parts and equipment for companies including Apple, Dell, Google, Huawei and Nintendo. The term is also used in several other ways, which causes ambiguity. It sometimes means the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that", "id": "20210670" }, { "contents": "Frank PR\n\n\nbusiness. Frank is the 29th largest PR consultancy in the UK with a fee income of £6.829m. In terms of revenue, Frank is the 5th largest PR firm in the UK. In an international context, with the 2 offices and US$10.8m revenue, Frank is ranked as the 84th largest consultancy globally and in 2010 was the 5th fastest growing PR company of the top 250 in the world. Frank specialises in providing consumer public relations services to leading brands and products, challenger brands, entrepreneurial organisations, social", "id": "18260722" }, { "contents": "China State Construction Engineering\n\n\nThe China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) () is the largest construction company in the world by revenue and the 14th largest general contractor in terms of overseas sales, as of 2016. While most of the assets of CSCEC were floated in the stock exchange as China State Construction Engineering Corporation Limited (CSCECL), CSCEC retained some assets such as schools and hospitals, as well as the stake in China Construction International Corporation () which was not able to be transferred. Thus, CSCEC granted the listed company supervising rights", "id": "18773228" }, { "contents": "Lukoil\n\n\nof Langepas, Uray, Kogalym) and the English word \"oil\". Lukoil is the second largest company in Russia after Gazprom, and the largest non-state enterprise in the nation in terms of revenue (₽4,744 billion). Internationally, it is one of the largest global producers of crude oil. In 2012, the company produced 89.856 million tons of oil (1.813 million barrels) per day. The company has operations and subsidiaries in more than 40 countries around the world. \"Langepas, Uray, and", "id": "17869266" }, { "contents": "Film industry\n\n\ngenerated in the domestic market alone. India is the largest producer of films in the world and second oldest film industry in the world which originated around about 105 years ago. In 2009 India produced a total of 2,961 films on celluloid; this figure includes 1,288 feature films. Besides being the largest producer of films in the world, India also has the largest number of admissions. Indian film industry is multi-lingual and the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales but 3rd largest in terms of revenue mainly due to", "id": "6027247" }, { "contents": "Apple Inc.\n\n\n), the first ever of its kind by a U.S. tech company. The green bond proceeds are dedicated to the financing of environmental projects. Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest technology company by total assets, and the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung. In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc. reported a total of $108billion in annual revenues—a significant increase from its 2010 revenues of $65billion—and nearly $82billion in cash", "id": "286863" }, { "contents": "Chunghwa Telecom\n\n\ntelco in Taiwan to provide LTE services. Mobile Network Information Chunghwa Telecom is the largest telecommunication service provider in Taiwan and one of the largest in Asia in terms of revenue. In terms of both revenue and customers, Chunghwa is Taiwan's largest provider of fixed line services, mobile services, broadband access service, and Internet service. The company also provides information and communication technology services to corporate customers. HiNet has been heavily criticised for being a haven for senders of email spam, which has resulted in many Internet service providers routinely", "id": "5944425" }, { "contents": "Air France\n\n\nnew airline. In December 2004 the state sold 18.4% of its equity in Air France-KLM. The state's shareholding in Air France-KLM subsequently fell to just under 20%. Air France-KLM became the largest airline in the world in terms of operating revenues, and third-largest (largest in Europe) in passenger kilometres. Although owned by a single company, Air France and KLM continued to fly under their own brand names. Air France-KLM remained part of the SkyTeam alliance, which then", "id": "4737114" }, { "contents": "List of largest technology companies by revenue\n\n\nThis is a list of the world's largest technology companies by revenue. The list shows technology companies ranked by annual revenue from their fiscal years ended on or before March 31, 2018, according to \"Fortune Global 500\" magazine. Other metrics not shown here, in particular market capitalization, are often used alternatively to define the size of a company. The list includes companies whose primary business activities are associated with technology industry which includes computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductor, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce", "id": "12718013" }, { "contents": "Telecommunications in India\n\n\n, Department of Telecom approved the merger of Telenor India with Bharti Airtel paving the way for final commercial closing of the merger between the two companies. Telenor India has been acquired by Airtel almost without any cost. Vodafone and Idea Cellular completed their merger on 31 August 2018, and the merged entity is renamed to Vodafone Idea Limited. The merger created the largest telecom company in India by subscribers and by revenue, and the second largest mobile network in terms of number of subscribers in the world. Under the terms of the deal", "id": "14765352" }, { "contents": "Stora Enso\n\n\nBillerud AB, to produce packaging paper. In 2002, Stora Enso started investigating the possibility of establishing plantations and production facilities in Guangxi, China. In the same year, the company was the fifth largest pulp and paper manufacturer in terms of revenue, and in 2005, it was the world's largest pulp and paper manufacturer in terms of production capacity. In recent years the company has gone through heavy restructuring. The North American operations were divested in 2007 to NewPage Corporation. Stora Enso has sold and closed down some of", "id": "5610636" }, { "contents": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone\n\n\n, commonly known as NTT, is a Japanese telecommunications company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Ranked 55th in Fortune Global 500, NTT is the fourth largest telecommunications company in the world in terms of revenue, as well as the third largest publicly traded company in Japan after Toyota and MUFG, as of September 2018. The company is incorporated pursuant to the NTT Law (Law Concerning Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Etc.). The purpose of the company defined by the Law is to own all the shares issued by Nippon", "id": "19868946" }, { "contents": "Sony Entertainment\n\n\nSony Entertainment, Inc. is a global entertainment company established in 2012. It focuses on most of Sony's motion picture, television and music businesses. It is a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, which in turn is owned by the Japanese Sony Corporation. In terms of revenue, as of 2019, it is currently the world's 6th largest entertainment company at $14.1B, alongside Comcast (inc. NBC Universal, $95.50B), The Walt Disney Company (inc. The Walt Disney Studios, $55.13B),", "id": "18957111" }, { "contents": "Xaxis (business)\n\n\nXaxis (pronounced \"zak-səs\") is the world's largest global programmatic media and technology platform working with 3,300 brands in 47 markets and produces more than $1 billion in revenue annually. The company has 1,800 employees globally. It is part of the WPP Group, which is by revenue one of the largest marketing and communications companies in the world. Xaxis was launched by WPP and GroupM as a global audience buying company to combine all of the demand-side data and technology resources of WPP and the trading leverage", "id": "17493163" }, { "contents": "Viacom\n\n\nViacom Inc. ( or ) is an American multinational mass media conglomerate company with interests primarily in film and television. It is currently the world's ninth largest media company in terms of revenue, and has headquarters in New York City. Voting control of Viacom is held by National Amusements, a privately owned theater company controlled by billionaire Sumner Redstone, who also holds a controlling stake in CBS Corporation. The present-day Viacom was created as a spin-off from the original company, which was renamed as CBS Corporation afterwards,", "id": "13910486" }, { "contents": "David Steward\n\n\ntelecommunications division to form Telcobuy.com. Sales for the two companies continued to grow, although revenues slipped in 2002 as World Wide Technology felt the impact of the technology recession. In 2003 combined reported revenues passed $1 billion, and Steward formed World Wide Technology Holding Company as the parent company for the two firms. World Wide Technology's 2018 revenue is estimated to be greater than $11 billion, which would rank it as one of St. Louis' largest private companies. Steward has served on committees and boards that include: Civic", "id": "9609628" }, { "contents": "Knoxville, Tennessee\n\n\nthe Knoxville-Oak Ridge Innovation Valley, which promotes economic development in Knox and surrounding counties. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation's largest public power provider, is a federally owned corporation headquartered in Knoxville. TVA reported $11.8 billion in revenue in 2011, and employs over 12,000 region-wide. The largest publicly traded company based in Knoxville (in terms of revenue) is movie theater chain Regal Entertainment Group, which reported $2.81 billion in revenue in 2010. Regal is the only Knoxville-based", "id": "9897143" }, { "contents": "América Móvil\n\n\nAmérica Móvil is a Mexican telecommunications corporation headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It is the seventh largest mobile network operator in terms of equity subscribers and one of the largest corporations in the world. América Móvil is a Forbes Global 2000 company. As of Q1, 2019, América Móvil had 277.4 million wireless subscribers, and 84.3 million fixed revenue generating units (“RGUs”, consisting of fixed voice, fixed data and PayTV units). The company's world headquarters are located in Mexico City, Mexico. Its Mexican subsidiary", "id": "20330107" }, { "contents": "Economy of the European Union\n\n\nis the world's largest cosmetics and beauty company; LVMH, which is the world's largest luxury goods conglomerate; Nokia Corporation, which was the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones; Royal Dutch Shell, which is one of the largest energy corporations in the world; and Stora Enso, which is the world's largest pulp and paper manufacturer in terms of production capacity, in terms of banking and finance the EU has some of the worlds largest notably HSBC and Grupo Santander, the largest bank in Europe in terms of", "id": "21183269" }, { "contents": "CBS Corporation\n\n\nCBS Corporation is an American mass media corporation focused on commercial broadcasting, publishing, and television production, with most of its operations in the United States. The current President and Acting CEO is Joseph Ianniello. Sumner Redstone, owner of National Amusements, controls CBS by way of his majority ownership of the company's Class A voting stock; he also serves as Chairman Emeritus. It is currently the world's eighth largest entertainment company in terms of revenue after The Walt Disney Company, NBCUniversal, WarnerMedia (in which its owned by", "id": "18206713" }, { "contents": "List of acquisitions by Hewlett-Packard\n\n\nHewlett-Packard, commonly referred to as HP, was an information technology corporation based in Palo Alto, California, which was split into two companies: Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP Inc. The company was founded by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard in a small garage on January 1, 1939. As of 2012, HP is the largest technology company in the world in terms of revenue, ranking 10th in the Fortune Global 500. As of 2012, Hewlett-Packard has made a total of 129 acquisitions since 1986. Its first", "id": "18236216" }, { "contents": "Amazon (company)\n\n\nthe largest Internet company by revenue in the world. It is the second largest private employer in the United States and one of the world's most valuable companies. Amazon is the second largest technology company by revenue. Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994, in Bellevue, Washington. The company initially started as an online marketplace for books but later expanded to sell electronics, software, video games, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. In 2015, Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most", "id": "7406776" }, { "contents": "Insurance broker\n\n\nAn insurance broker sells, solicits, or negotiates insurance for compensation. As of 2015, the largest insurance brokers in the world, by revenue, are Marsh & McLennan, Aon Corporation, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co, and the Willis Group \"Insurance broker\" became a regulated term under the Insurance Brokers (Registration) Act 1977 which was designed to thwart the bogus practices of firms holding themselves as brokers but in fact acting as representative of one or more favoured insurance companies. The term now has no legal definition following the", "id": "17695221" }, { "contents": "Berkshire Hathaway\n\n\npublishing, manufacture and distribution of uniforms, and several regional electric and gas utilities. According to the Forbes Global 2000 list and formula, Berkshire Hathaway is the third largest public company in the world, the tenth largest conglomerate by revenue and the largest financial services company by revenue in the world. As of February 2019, Berkshire is the fifth-largest company in the S&P 500 Index by market capitalization and is famous for having the most expensive share price in history with Class A shares costing around $300,000 each. This is", "id": "12622607" }, { "contents": "Etisalat\n\n\ncountry's economic development, the law made provisions for the development of the telecommunication sector in the country. The increase of exchange lines from 36,000 in 1976 to more than 737,000 in 1998 was one of the important indicators of Etisalat network's growth and development. Today Etisalat stands 140th among the Financial Times Top 500 Corporations in the world in terms of market capitalisation, and is ranked by The Middle East magazine as the 6th largest company in the Middle East in terms of capitalization and revenues. The Corporation is the largest contributor outside", "id": "15710563" }, { "contents": "PepsiCo\n\n\nin 1998 and the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio. As of January 26, 2012, 22 of PepsiCo's brands generated retail sales of more than $1 billion, and the company's products were distributed across more than 200 countries, resulting in annual net revenues of $43.3 billion. Based on net revenue, PepsiCo is the second largest food and beverage business in the world. Within North America, PepsiCo is the largest food and beverage business by net revenue. Ramon Laguarta", "id": "21210317" }, { "contents": "Unitel (Mongolia)\n\n\nUnitel (Universal or United telecommunications) is a Mongolian Corporate Group of ICT companies, headquartered at Central Tower in downtown Ulan Bator, Mongolia. It was founded on December 23, 2005 as BSB consortium as GSM mobile phone operator and began operations on June 26, 2006. As a provider of mobile telephone services, Unitel is the second largest company in terms of subscriber base and 14th largest company in Mongolia as measured by a composite of revenues, profits, assets and taxes. Its revenue, profits and revenue per subscriber (", "id": "2969411" }, { "contents": "Economy of Paris\n\n\nand insurance companies. The largest banks, in order of 2014 revenue, are BNP Paribas; Société Générale; Credit Agricole, and Groupe BPCE. The largest insurance companies are AXA (the second largest French company, by revenue, in 2014) and CNP Assurances. A 2015 survey ranking banks around the world by assets ranked BNP Paribas the 7th largest bank in the world; Credit Agricole in tenth place, and Societe Generale in 20th place. French banks have traditionally had their main offices in the center of Paris, not", "id": "14446738" }, { "contents": "Russia\n\n\nin revenue from Russia in 2017.\" According to the AALEP, \"there are almost 3,000 American companies in Russia, and the U.S. is also the leader in terms of foreign companies in Special Economic Zones, with 11 projects.\" Russia's total area of cultivated land is estimated at , the fourth largest in the world. From 1999 to 2009, Russia's agriculture grew steadily, and the country turned from a grain importer to the third largest grain exporter after the EU and the United States. The production of meat", "id": "5599934" }, { "contents": "Andrey Milekhin\n\n\nPotencial\". At present, Romir is the largest independent research holding in Russia in terms of total revenue. Since 2011, according to the international agency Research Rating Ltd., Romir has ranked among Top-100 research agencies in the world. According to the rankings, Romir is the largest independent research company in Central and Eastern Europe. In 2014 Andrey was voted Vice President of Gallup International, an international association of polling organizations. In 2015 the product based on the panel data of Romir Scan Panel, which has been developed by Andrey", "id": "6081748" }, { "contents": "List of companies of Taiwan\n\n\nTrade Organization and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The 21st-largest economy in the world, its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy. Taiwan is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press, health care, public education, economic freedom, and human development. This list shows firms in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks firms by total revenues reported before 31 March 2017. Only the top five firms (if available) are included as a sample. This list includes notable companies", "id": "10690782" }, { "contents": "Equinox Minerals\n\n\ncapital expenditure amounted to $66 million. In September 2010 company debt was $433 million, long term debt fell significantly in the last quarter of 2010 from $422 million down to $295.57 million. Even though Equinox doesn't produce gold Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold company (both in terms of reserves and production) acquired Equinox Minerals in April 2011; the deal will lower the fraction of revenue Barrick receives from the sale of gold to 80%. The company formed after a merger between Equinox and Equinox", "id": "5816068" }, { "contents": "Bank Melli Iran\n\n\nBank Melli Iran (BMI; ) is the first national and commercial retail bank of Iran. It is considered as the largest Iranian company in terms of annual income with a revenue of 364 657 billion Rials in 2016. It is the largest bank in the Islamic world and in the Middle East. By the end of 2016, BMI had a net asset of $76.6 billion and a vast network of 3.328 banking branches; so it is known as the largest Iranian bank based on the amount of assets. The brand of", "id": "20486601" }, { "contents": "Eckhard Pfeiffer\n\n\ncomputing market. In 1998, Compaq acquired Digital Equipment Corporation, the leading company in the previous generation of computing during the 1970s and early 1980s. This acquisition made Compaq, at the time, the world's second largest computer maker in the world in terms of revenue behind I.B.M. However, Pfeiffer had little vision for what the combined companies should do, or indeed how the three dramatically different cultures could work as a single entity, and Compaq struggled as a result of a strategy that had the company caught in between the low", "id": "17019308" }, { "contents": "Mubadala Investment Company\n\n\n1MDB scandal. Mubadala’s mandate is to facilitate the diversification of Abu Dhabi’s economy. Its focus is on managing long-term, capital-intensive investments intended to deliver strong financial returns and tangible social benefits for the emirate. The company owns Advanced Technology Investment Company (ATIC), a high tech investment company and owner of GlobalFoundries, the world’s second largest semiconductor foundry company by revenue. Advanced Technology Investment Company (ATIC) is an investment company in the high-technology sector, owned by \"Mubadala Development Company", "id": "21804539" }, { "contents": "Allianz\n\n\nAllianz SE ( ; ) is a German multinational financial services company headquartered in Munich, Germany. Its core businesses are insurance and asset management. As of 2014, it is the world's largest insurance company, the largest financial services group and the largest company according to a composite measure by \"Forbes\" magazine, as well as the largest financial services company when measured by 2013 revenue. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. Its asset management division, which consists of PIMCO, Allianz Global", "id": "14405888" }, { "contents": "Express Scripts\n\n\nExpress Scripts Holding Company is an American Fortune 100 company. As of 2018, the company is the 25th-largest in the United States by total revenue as well as the largest pharmacy benefit management (PBM) organization in the United States. Express Scripts had 2016 revenues of $100.752 billion. Since December 20, 2018, the company has been a subsidiary of Cigna. The term \"scripts\" refers to the widely used clipped version of prescription. Headquartered in Greater St. Louis within unincorporated North St. Louis County, Missouri,", "id": "15700378" }, { "contents": "List of largest Chinese companies\n\n\nChina. Many of China's largest companies are state-owned enterprises, due to the significant presence of the governing Chinese Communist Party in the national economy. This list displays the twentyfive largest Chinese companies according to the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in billions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit and industry sector of each company. This list is based on the Forbes Global 2000,", "id": "9580485" }, { "contents": "List of Bandai Namco video game franchises\n\n\nbest known for their video game franchises; \"Pac-Man\" is their highest-grossing franchise with over US$12.8 billion as of 2016, while \"Tekken\" is their best selling franchise, selling over 40 million copies across multiple platforms. As of 2017, Bandai Namco was the largest toy company by revenue in the world, as well as the third-largest video game company in Japan and the seventh-largest in the world. Bandai Namco owns former developer Banpresto, which operates as a toy company in Japan", "id": "250876" }, { "contents": "Dallas\n\n\nin the nation by revenue for 2017, Fluor (engineering), Kimberly-Clark, Celanese, Michaels Companies, and Vistra Energy. Plano is home to four Fortune 500 companies, including J.C. Penney, Alliance Data Systems, Yum China Holdings, and Dr. Pepper Snapple. Fort Worth is home to two Fortune 500 companies, including American Airlines, the largest airline in the world by revenue, fleet size, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile and D.R. Horton, the largest homebuilder in America. One Fortune 500 company", "id": "9144147" }, { "contents": "Heraeus\n\n\nHeraeus is a German technology group with a focus on precious and special metals, medical technology, quartz glass, sensors and specialty light sources. Founded in Hanau in 1851, the company is one of the largest family-owned companies in Germany in terms of revenue. According to company statements, in 2017 Heraeus generated product revenues of €2.2 billion and precious metals trading revenue of €19.6 billion on the strength of approximately 13,000 employees in more than 100 companies. In 1851, at the age of 24, the pharmacist and", "id": "195502" }, { "contents": "GigaMedia Limited\n\n\nof its shares on NASDAQ on 24 February 2000. Under new management in 2004, GigaMedia began to restructure. A subsidiary of GigaMedia, FunTown is one of the leading casual game platforms in Asia, with approximately six million registered users and a wide variety of casual games, including the world's largest MahJong platform in terms of revenue. FunTown generates revenues through access fees and also through the sales of various in-game items. It was founded in 1998 by the Acer computer company. They are based in Greater China,", "id": "318369" }, { "contents": "Games as a service\n\n\n, such as playing or competing with friends, and with players wanting to buy into GaaS to continue to play with friends. Chinese publisher Tencent was one of the first companies to jump onto this around 2007 and 2008, establishing several different ways to monetize their products as a service to Chinese players, and since has become the world's largest video game publisher in terms of revenue. Some examples of the forms of GaaS include: Games may combine one or more of these forms. A common example are lifestyle games, which", "id": "13275224" }, { "contents": "Siam Cement Group\n\n\nThe Siam Cement Group Public Company Limited (SCG; ) is the largest and oldest cement and building material company in Thailand and Southeast Asia. In 2016, SCG was also ranked as the second largest company in Thailand and the 604th largest public company in the world by \"Forbes\". The company is SET50 and SETHD-listed and an industry benchmark. The company's major shareholder is the Crown Property Bureau, which owns 30 percent of Siam Cement's shares. Consolidated revenues were 450 billion baht (US$14 billion)", "id": "12271588" }, { "contents": "DuPont Fabros Technology\n\n\nwholesale level, in which such companies rented space to build their own data centers. The company had 32 customers and derived 92% of its revenue from its 15 largest customers. The company's largest customers included Microsoft (25.4% of revenue), Facebook (20.2% of revenue), Rackspace (9.0% of revenue), and Yahoo! (6.0% of revenue). The company was co-founded by Lammot J. du Pont, an analyst for JPMorgan Chase and Hossein Fateh, a real estate developer in", "id": "2891050" } ]

[ { "contents": "Christianity\n\n\nmost widely recognized symbols, was used by Christians from the earliest times. Tertullian, in his book \"De Corona\", tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace the sign of the cross on their foreheads. Although the cross was known to the early Christians, the crucifix did not appear in use until the 5th century. Among the earliest Christian symbols, that of the fish or Ichthys seems to have ranked first in importance, as seen on monumental sources such as tombs from the first decades of the", "id": "4959973" }, { "contents": "Church of the Holy Sepulchre\n\n\nResurrection), is situated. Since 1996 this dome is topped by the monumental Golgotha Crucifix which the Greek Patriarch Diodoros I of Jerusalem consecrated. It was at the initiative of Gustav Kühnel to erect a new crucifix at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem that would not only be worthy of the singularity of the site, but that would also become a symbol of the efforts of unity in the community of Christian faith. East of this is a large iconostasis demarcating the Orthodox sanctuary before which is set the throne of the", "id": "7936835" }, { "contents": "Kreuzpflicht\n\n\nare not intended to be a Christian symbol, but a symbol of Bavarian cultural identity. Some observers have described the as a measure to appeal to voters deserting the Christian-democratic conservative CSU for the right-wing nationalist AfD party. The AfD has criticized the as \"gesture politics\". German artists, scientists and students have protested the regulation. British-Irish artist Darren Cullen sent out dozens of crucifixes to Bavarian state buildings, having altered each cross that the hanging hook was on the bottom edge, forcing the crucifix", "id": "15799710" }, { "contents": "Altar crucifix\n\n\nadornment of altars. Around the 14th century, altar crosses were almost universally replaced by crucifixes, probably now affordable by all churches, however, it was not until the Roman Missal of Pius V in 1570 that there is any mention of an obligation to have the crucifix on the altar. Early Christians were not accustomed to publicly expose the cross or crucifix due to fear of subjecting it to the insults of pagans or scandalizing the weak. To avoid this, they often used symbols like the anchor or trident. The crucifix placed", "id": "18509803" }, { "contents": "Symbolism in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\n\n\ncovenants made as part of the endowment. By policy, no pictures or icons are depicted in the chapel within LDS Church meetinghouses, in order to avoid an image becoming the focus of worship. However, images such as paintings of Christ and photographs of LDS Church leaders and temples are common in other parts of church buildings. Unlike many other Christians, the LDS Church does not use the cross, crucifix or ichthys as symbols of faith. Many Mormons view crucifixion-related symbols as emphasizing the death of Jesus rather than his", "id": "18598349" }, { "contents": "Catherine Bell (religious studies scholar)\n\n\n) Comparing symbols with either indexicality or iconicity allows for many interpretations of symbolism. (42) Iconicity, for example, within Christianity might include all images of a man hanging on a cross symbolize to a crucifix (reference: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/crucifix) . Ritual may be understood as communication among people, rather than individuals with the divine. (43) An Islamic example might be going to \"jumu'ah\" so others perceive the actor as pious. After a debate of what meaning is, from the views of Clifford Geertz and Stanley Jeyaraja", "id": "18697367" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\nA crucifix (from Latin \"cruci fixus\" meaning \"(one) fixed to a cross\") is an image of Jesus on the cross, as distinct from a bare cross. The representation of Jesus himself on the cross is referred to in English as the \"corpus\" (Latin for \"body\"). The crucifix is a principal symbol for many groups of Christians, and one of the most common forms of the Crucifixion in the arts. It is especially important in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic", "id": "7538551" }, { "contents": "Thor\n\n\nGosforth, England. Pendants in a distinctive shape representing the hammer of Thor (known in Norse sources as ) have frequently been unearthed in Viking Age Scandinavian burials. The hammers may have been worn as a symbol of Norse pagan faith and of opposition to Christianization, a response to crosses worn by Christians. Casting moulds have been found for the production of both Thor's hammers and Christian crucifixes, and at least one example of a combined crucifix and hammer has been discovered. The Eyrarland Statue, a copper alloy figure found near", "id": "13046761" }, { "contents": "Christian cross\n\n\nThe Christian cross, seen as a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus, is the best-known symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix (a cross that includes a \"corpus\", usually a three-dimensional representation of Jesus' body) and to the more general family of cross symbols, the term \"cross\" itself being detached from the original specifically Christian meaning in modern English (as in many other western languages). The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with", "id": "13407176" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\nChurch, but is also used in the Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, and Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as by the Lutheran and Anglican Churches. The symbol is less common in churches of other Protestant denominations, which prefer to use a cross without the figure of Jesus (the \"corpus\"). The crucifix emphasizes Jesus' sacrifice — his death by crucifixion, which Christians believe brought about the redemption of mankind. Most crucifixes portray Jesus on a Latin cross, rather than any other shape, such as a", "id": "7538552" }, { "contents": "Cultural appropriation\n\n\ncultures are still seen as something of the past, as unimportant in contemporary society, and unworthy of respect. Both Victoria's Secret and Kloss issued apologies stating that they had no intentions of offending anyone. Archbishop Justin Welby of the Anglican Church has claimed that the crucifix is \"now just a fashion statement and has lost its religious meaning.\". Crucifixes have been incorporated into Japanese lolita fashion by non-Christians in a cultural context that is distinct from its original meaning as a Christian religious symbol. While the history of", "id": "17584481" }, { "contents": "Christian demonology\n\n\n, and the face into the central pentagon. An inverted (upside-down) cross (particularly the crucifix) has also been considered a symbol of both the Devil and the Antichrist, although in Catholic tradition a plain inverted cross (without the corpus or figure of Christ) is a symbol of Saint Peter. \"See\": Cross of St. Peter Not all Christians believe that demons exist in the literal sense. There is the view that the New Testament language of exorcism is an example of the language of the day", "id": "1102409" }, { "contents": "Christian symbolism\n\n\n). Although the cross was used as a symbol by early Christians, the crucifix, i.e. depictions of the crucifixion scene, were rare prior to the 5th century; some engraved gems thought to be 2nd or 3rd century have survived, but the subject does not appear in the art of the Catacombs of Rome. The purported discovery of the True Cross by Constantine's mother, Helena, and the development of Golgotha as a site for pilgrimage led to a change of attitude. It was probably in Palestine that the image developed", "id": "19427948" }, { "contents": "Christian symbolism\n\n\nof baptism, water may represent cleansing or purity. Fire, especially in the form of a candle flame, represents both the Holy Spirit and light. The sources of these symbols derive from the Bible; for example from the \"tongues of fire\" that symbolized the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, and from Jesus' description of his followers as \"the light of the world\"; or \"God is a consuming fire\" found in . A lily crucifix is a rare symbol of Anglican churches in England. It depicts Christ", "id": "19427975" }, { "contents": "Christian symbolism\n\n\ncrucified on a lily, or holding such a plant. The symbolism may be from the medieval belief that the Annunciation of Christ and his crucifixion occurred on the same day of the year, March 25. There are few depictions of a lily crucifix in England. One of the most notable is a painting on a wall above the altar at All Saint's Church, Godshill, Isle of Wight. Other examples include: Christians from the very beginning adorned their catacombs with paintings of Christ, of the saints, of scenes from", "id": "19427976" }, { "contents": "Pysanka\n\n\n\" In the 20th and 21st centuries, the commercially produced folk pysanky of the Carpathians, especially Kosmach, have begun displaying more Christian symbols. The lower arm of the cross in older designs is often lengthened to appear more Christian, even if it throws off the symmetry of the design. Crucifixes are sometimes seen. Pysanky are being written with depictions of Easter baskets on them, including a paska and candle. White doves, symbols of the Holy Spirit, are also more frequently seen; doves are usually depicted in flight,", "id": "10516585" }, { "contents": "Pectoral cross\n\n\nThe modern pectoral cross is relatively large, and is different from the small crosses worn on necklaces by many Christians. Most pectoral crosses are made of precious metals (platinum, gold or silver) and some contain precious or semi-precious gems. Some contain a corpus like a crucifix while others use stylized designs and religious symbols. In many Christian denominations, the pectoral cross symbolizes that the person wearing it is a member of the clergy, or that the wearer is a member of the higher or senior clergy. However,", "id": "16283628" }, { "contents": "Islamic dress in Europe\n\n\nthe argument of the French government that the law was based on \"a certain idea of living together\". Eight of Germany's 16 states contain restrictions on wearing the hijab by female teachers: first Baden-Württemberg, then Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, the Saarland, Bremen, North Rhine-Westphalia and Berlin. The city-state of Berlin banned all religious symbols in public institutions, including the Christian crucifix and the Jewish kippah. Five of these states that ban religious clothing, contain an exception for Christian symbols", "id": "20500472" }, { "contents": "Acculturation\n\n\nin an \"idolic\" community literally is god, and stealing it is a highly punishable offense. For example, many people in India believe that statues of the god Ganesh – to take such a statue/god from its temple is more than theft, it is blasphemy. \"Idolic\" reality involves strong emotional identification, where a holy relic does not simply symbolize the sacred, \"it is\" sacred. By contrast, a Christian crucifix follows a \"symbolic\" nature, where it represents a symbol of God.", "id": "14802131" }, { "contents": "Christian cross variants\n\n\nThis is a list of Christian cross variants. The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus (Latin for \"body\"). The term \"Greek cross\" designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have", "id": "16507986" }, { "contents": "Alte Brücke (Frankfurt)\n\n\nthe Alte Brücke. In 1401, a crucifix was constructed deployed on the middle arch of the bridge, the cross arch, to mark the position of the deepest point in the waterway. At top of the crucifix, there was a golden rooster, as a symbol for vigilance, and also as a symbol for the remorse about the betrayal of Saint Peter to his Lord Jesus. The rooster was supposed to remind mariners to be cautious when steering their riverboat through the strong current below the narrow bridge arch. Also, at", "id": "12276284" }, { "contents": "Anneliese Michel\n\n\nterm treatment did not help either, and she grew increasingly frustrated with the medical intervention, taking pharmacological drugs for five years. Michel became intolerant of Christian sacred places and objects, such as the crucifix. Michel went to San Damiano with a family friend who regularly organized Christian pilgrimages. Her escort concluded that she was suffering from demonic possession because she was unable to walk past a crucifix and refused to drink the water of a Christian holy spring: Both she and her family, as well as her community, became convinced and", "id": "17632620" }, { "contents": "Aniconism in Christianity\n\n\ntheir private use. Elizabeth I of England was one of many Anglicans to exhibit somewhat contradictory attitudes, both ordering a crucifix for her chapel when they were against a law she had approved, and objecting forcefully when the Dean of St Paul's put in the royal pew a service book with \"cuts resembling angels and saints, nay, grosser absurdities, pictures resembling the Holy Trinity\". Many Reformed churches are now considerably more relaxed over the use of religious art and symbols than they were in the Reformation period, though many", "id": "11260850" }, { "contents": "Stephen V. Kobasa\n\n\nthe University of Chicago. Kobasa taught English at St. Thomas Aquinas High School in New Britain, Connecticut, during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1999 he began teaching English at Kolbe Cathedral High School in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He gained national attention when, in October 2005, he was fired from Kolbe for refusing to display the American flag, the presentation of which he viewed as a \"contradiction\" to the symbol of the Christian crucifix. When his dismissal was reported in the Boston Globe and other major newspapers, his cause", "id": "4294260" }, { "contents": "Shmuel Rabinovitch\n\n\nof the Western Wall has no value. It is an act of protest\". Rabinovitch requests that visiting Christian clergy cover their crucifixes when visiting the Wall, and clergy of other faiths cover their symbols. In May 2008, Rabinovitch requested that a delegation of Roman Catholic clergy not visit the Wall so long as they wore visible crosses. In 2009, Rabinovitch declined the request of Pope Benedict XVI to clear the area of Jewish worshippers upon the pontiff's visit to the Western Wall. Rabinovich requested that the pope cover the cross", "id": "13258460" }, { "contents": "Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion\n\n\n\" This association of the cross symbol with Tammuz had already been made by Abram Herbert Lewis in his 1892 book \"Paganism Surviving in Christianity\". Andreas J. Köstenberger (2004) notes that traditional academic reconstruction of the cross has first Jesus, then Simon of Cyrene bear the \"stauros,\" i.e. only the horizontal crossbar, Latin \"patibulum\". Yet when Simon carries the patibulum to Golgotha, the crossbar is then hoisted to the stake to make the traditional crucifix shape. Schröter (1997) notes that the lack of", "id": "21116526" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Malaysia\n\n\nthe ban was not enforced further, although neither was it officially repealed. The ban was later lifted only for usage by the Iban people, after protests from various Christian leaders. Christian Missionary schools are part of education system in Malaysia today and administered by Ministry of Education with little interference by the churches where they belong to. Missionary schools are partially government-funded while teachers and administration staff are provided by the government. Most of the missionary schools were constructed before Malaysia was formed. Christian religious symbols such as crucifixes are visible", "id": "3987976" }, { "contents": "Mjölnir\n\n\nimages of Christ on them, have also been found and dated to the same time period as the Mjolnir amulets. The presence of both religious symbols in the same regions is a result of several Viking raids in predominantly Christian nations which led to mass religious conversion from Nordic Paganism to Christianity during the Viking Age. The dominant hypothesis concerning the popularity of these Mjolnir and Crucifix pendants is one of defiance, primarily on the part of the pagan Vikings towards the newly converted Christian Vikings. Mass conversion to Christianity was often a political strategy", "id": "5058646" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\nfor Jesus Christ or the Catholic Church which believes in his divinity. According to Christian tradition, Saint Peter was martyred by being crucified upside-down. The Lutheran Churches retained the use of the crucifix, \"justifying \"their continued use of medieval crucifixes with the same arguments employed since the Middle Ages, as is evident from the example of the altar of the Holy Cross in the Cistercian church of Doberan.\" Martin Luther did not object to them, and this was among his differences with Andreas Karlstadt as early as 1525", "id": "7538569" }, { "contents": "Christian symbolism\n\n\nby detractors that Christians worship the cross. The cross (crucifix, Greek \"stauros\") in this period was represented by the letter T. Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century calls it (\"the Lord's sign\") he repeats the idea, current as early as the Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in was a foreshadowing (a \"type\") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ", "id": "19427941" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Afghanistan\n\n\nLebanon. Muslims who change their faith to Christianity, are subject to societal and official pressure, which may lead to death, imprisonment or confiscation of property. There are also Christian religious facilities at the foreign military bases, such as an Eastern Orthodox church at the Romanian base in Kandahar. Items and articles belonging to religions other than Islam, such as Bibles, crucifixes, statues, carvings, items with religious symbols, and others, are prohibited. Despite the legal restrictions, many sources claim that there is a secret underground", "id": "12882666" }, { "contents": "Christian symbolism\n\n\nday, in various locations on the island of Ireland. A few of the ancient monuments were evidently relocated to stand in some of Ireland's earliest churchyards, probably between 400 CE and 600 CE, as Christianity was popularized throughout much of the island. The heavily-worn stone sculptures likely owe their continued survival to their sheer size and solid rock construction, which coordinate in scale, and in composition, with Ireland's ancient megalith arrangements. Unlike the Christian cross iconography associated with the shape of a crucifix (commonly used for", "id": "19427945" }, { "contents": "Mjölnir\n\n\n. The mold garnered interest as it has three distinct chambers and is believed to have cast both Crucifix and Mjolnnir pendants. This particular mold is significant as it dates back to the height of Viking religious conversion but proves that there was an equal demand for both pagan and Christian iconography, supporting the narrative of Viking resistance towards Christians. Another archeological discovery with dual religious meaning is located in the National Museum of Iceland. The context of the object was initially disputed as it emulated both Christian and pagan symbolism (due to the unusual", "id": "5058648" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Inn & Museum\n\n\nranging from the petite short-tailed Shrew to the gigantic Polar Bear, procured by Henry and Mary Henkelmann on expeditions from Africa to the Arctic. The animals are displayed in surroundings created to match their natural habitats. A visit to this great exhibit fosters an appreciation of the beauty of life.\" The Robert O. Williams museum now contains over 7,000 crosses and crucifixes. The collection started when as a chaplain in the Air Force Williams he became aware of the special symbolism the cross had for Christians and of the variety of forms", "id": "2140542" }, { "contents": "Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary\n\n\ngraphical perspective, and draws attention to his craft by depicting himself drawing and by placing the drawing manuals \"Perspective\" and \"Fun With a Pencil\" in the backgrounds. In contrast to the mundane tales of Harvey Pekar, another prominent early practitioner of autobiographical comics, Green makes wide use of visual metaphors. In \"Binky Brown\" symbols become literal, as when Binky imagines himself becoming a snowball hurtling into Hell or as a fish chased by a police officer who wears a crucifix. The work displays a wide array of", "id": "18198617" }, { "contents": "Lautsi v. Italy\n\n\nCourt decided, on 17 March 2005, that the presence of crucifixes in State-school classrooms did not offend the principle of secularism. Lautsi appealed to the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Administrative Court upheld the Veneto Court's decision reasoning that in Italy the crucifix symbolized the religious origin of values (tolerance, mutual respect, valorization of the person, affirmation of one's rights, consideration for one's freedom, the autonomy of one's moral conscience vis-à-vis authority, human solidarity and the refusal of any", "id": "3713336" }, { "contents": "La Fin de Satan\n\n\nthe Bastille with a religious significance; after making various efforts, he ceased work on it in 1862 and returned to novels. There are many gaps large and small. Satan is defeated and thrown into the Abyss (\"Depuis quatre mille ans il tombait dans l'abîme\"), but Evil is communicated to Man through the agency of Lilith-Isis. She provides three weapons with which Cain murders Abel: The Bronze will become a gauntlet, symbol of War; the Wood will become a gibbet, or crucifix, symbol of", "id": "20332016" }, { "contents": "A Folk Tale\n\n\nlife, and the dream by the hill gives Junker Ove an idea about the ideal woman, but it is the crucifix and the golden goblet, two Christian symbols, which reveal the truth of the matter. Christianity is to be thanked for the restoration of harmony. Junker Ove gets his Hilda, and the promise of gold persuades Sir Mogens to be united with Birthe who, in a modern interpretation, represents the young woman with the unruly disposition unable to conform to society's norms. She is handed over - troll for", "id": "13682866" }, { "contents": "Anti-Catholicism in literature and media\n\n\nthat, On the one hand, film and television producers seem to find Catholicism irresistible. There are a number of reasons for this. First, more than any other Christian denomination, the Catholic Church is supremely visual, and therefore attractive to producers and directors concerned with the visual image. Vestments, monstrances, statues, crucifixes – to say nothing of the symbols of the sacraments – are all things that more \"word oriented\" Christian denominations have foregone. The Catholic Church, therefore, lends itself perfectly to the visual media", "id": "3480125" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Saudi Arabia\n\n\nnot allow them to practice their faith openly. Because of that Christians generally only worship within private homes. Items and articles belonging to religions other than Islam are prohibited. These include Bibles, crucifixes, statues, carvings, items with religious symbols, and others. The Saudi Arabian Mutaween (), or Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (i.e., the religious police) prohibits the practice of any religion other than Islam. Conversion of a Muslim to another religion is considered apostasy, a crime punishable", "id": "4745301" }, { "contents": "Freedom of religion in Germany\n\n\ni. e. registration for church tax) and the right \"not\" to be exposed to religion while in a position of \"subordination\" where one is legally required to attend. Landmark decisions are the Crucifix Decision and the Headscarf Decision. In the Crucifix Decision the German Federal Constitution Court in 1995 decreed a law that insisted on the presence of religious symbols (crucifixes) in public institutions to be illegal, excluding in some Roman Catholic elementary schools. The court further demanded that the symbols must be removed if a parent does not", "id": "20409199" }, { "contents": "Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc\n\n\nto the authorities. Clergy who were still alive by 1967 and had survived twenty years of persecution, were killed or sent to hard labour camps. Most mosques had their minarets destroyed, tombstones with any religious symbols were overturned, people caught wearing religious symbols (e.g. crucifixes, medallions of the Quran) could be sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, and people stopped saying words such as 'mashallah' or 'inshallah' in public for fear of punishment. Merely mentioning religious holidays could lead to punishment; in one instance a drunk", "id": "17529142" }, { "contents": "Freedom of religion in Asia by country\n\n\nis no legal requirement for women to wear head coverings in public, and government officials are portrayed regularly, if infrequently, in the media without head coverings. There is social pressure for women to wear head coverings in public. The government routinely censors magazine articles on other faiths, blacking out or removing photographs of crucifixes and other Christian religious symbols. Government officials also guard against the distribution and sale of items that feature photographs of undesirable or religious symbols. There have been reports that agents of the Internal Security Department monitored religious services", "id": "7250920" }, { "contents": "Doom metal\n\n\n's pioneers, were among the first to incorporate Christian imagery. Others have incorporated occult and pagan imagery. For many bands, the use of religious themes is for aesthetic and symbolic purposes only. Examples include lyrics/imagery about the Last Judgment to invoke dread, or the use of crucifixes and cross-shaped headstones to symbolize death. Furthermore, some doom metal bands write lyrics about drugs or drug addiction. This is most common among stoner doom bands, who often describe hallucinogenic or psychedelic experiences. Doom metal is rooted in", "id": "7793303" }, { "contents": "Aniconism in Christianity\n\n\nAuvergne between 1007 and 1020 the cleric Bernard of Angers was initially disapproving of the large crucifixes with a sculpted three-dimensional \"corpus\", and other religious statues that he saw, but he came to accept them. The Gero Cross, the earliest life-size crucifix image to survive, probably dates to around 960. The depiction of God the Father in art long remained unacceptable; he was typically only shown with the features of Jesus, which had become fairly standardized by the 6th century, in scenes such as the", "id": "11260839" }, { "contents": "Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self\n\n\ninvestigation of the Christian fish symbol, and of Gnostic and alchemical symbolism. He regards these as phenomena of cultural assimilation. Chapters on the ego, the shadow, and the anima and animus, provide a valuable summary of these elementary concepts in Jungian psychology. Much in this volume is concerned with the rise of Christianity and with the figure of Christ. Jung explores how Christianity came into being when it did, the importance of the figure of Christ and the identification of that figure with the archetype of the Self. The book", "id": "3261106" }, { "contents": "Fatima Houda-Pepin\n\n\nas Jews and Muslims the right to wear \"overt\" religious symbols in public service. Catholics would be permitted to wear small crucifixes which is already the norm for adherents. The same proposed charter retains prominent Catholic symbols including a crucifix over the chair of the Quebec national assembly. Houda-Pepin argued that state employees employed in a coercive role should not wear religious symbols. She ran for reelection in the 2014 election as an independent. The Parti Québécois opted not to run a candidate in the riding, instead directing its supporters", "id": "20368247" }, { "contents": "Crucifixion of Jesus\n\n\na way that already implies its use as a symbol, although the crucifix appeared later. Masters such as Caravaggio, Rubens and Titian have all depicted the in their works. Devotions based on the process of crucifixion, and the sufferings of Jesus are followed by various Christians. The Stations of the Cross follows a number of stages based on the stages involved in the crucifixion of Jesus, while the Rosary of the Holy Wounds is used to meditate on the wounds of Jesus as part of the crucifixion. The presence of the Virgin", "id": "21723252" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\nin Derby, England, of discriminating against Christians after the teenager was suspended for refusing to take off a crucifix necklace. A British prison ordered a multi-faith chapel to remove all crucifixes \"in case it offends Muslims.\" In 2008 in Spain, a local judge ordered crucifixes removed from public schools to settle a decades-old dispute over whether crucifixes should be displayed in public buildings in a non-confessional state. A 2008 Quebec government-commissioned report recommended that the crucifix of the National Assembly be removed to achieve", "id": "7538572" }, { "contents": "Rita of Cascia\n\n\na thorn (symbol of her penance and stigmata), holding a large Crucifix, holding a Palm leaf with three crowns (representing her two sons and husband), flanked by two small children (her sons), holding a Gospel book, holding a skull (a symbol of mortality) and holding a flagella whip (a symbol of her mortification of the flesh). When Rita was approximately sixty years of age, she was meditating before an image of Christ crucified. Suddenly, a small wound appeared on her forehead", "id": "3279981" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\nthe Bible, or a cross (which will generally be in crucifix form) may be placed on the coffin for a Requiem Mass, but a second standing cross is not to be placed near the coffin if the altar cross can be easily seen from the body of the church. Eastern Christian liturgical processions called crucessions include a cross or crucifix at their head. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the crucifix is often placed above the iconostasis in the church. In the Russian Orthodox Church a large crucifix (\"Golgotha\")", "id": "7538566" }, { "contents": "LaVeyan Satanism\n\n\nLaVey, imagery used to represent the \"satanic\" is denoted by inverted crosses and blasphemous parodies of Christian art. The familiar goat's head inside an inverted pentagram did not become the foremost symbol of Satanism until the founding of the Church of Satan in 1966. LaVey learned of this variant of the symbol after it had been reproduced on the front cover of Maurice Bessy's coffee table book, \"Pictorial History of Magic and the Supernatural\". Feeling that this symbol embodied his philosophy, LaVey decided to adopt it for his", "id": "4699145" }, { "contents": "Christian punk\n\n\nas Relient K, Hawk Nelson, FM Static, Flatfoot 56, Stellar Kart, and This Providence becoming popular with more mainstream audiences. Fashion is similar to normal punk fashion, but features Christian symbols such as the Christian Ichthys, the cross, crown of thorns, the JCHC symbol, and similar symbols. Chi Rho is a popular symbol amongst more anarcho-Christian bands, such as The Psalters. In Europe the most used symbol is a modified anarchy symbol made up of the Greek characters A and Ω. These two Greek", "id": "9159437" }, { "contents": "Vampire literature\n\n\nvampire, however, often has a pale appearance rather than the dark or ruddy skin of folkloric vampires and their skin is cool to the touch. As in folklore, literary vampires can usually be warded off with garlic and symbols of Christian faith such as holy water, the crucifix, or a rosary. According to literary scholar Nina Auerbach in \"Our Vampires Ourselves\", the influence of the moon was seen as dominant in the earliest examples of vampire literature: Bram Stoker's \"Dracula\" was hugely influential in its depiction", "id": "1618224" }, { "contents": "Babaylan\n\n\nof the natives. They could also cure various diseases that the native shamans could not. By the late 16th century, Christian symbols and paraphernalia (like rosaries, crucifixes, and holy water) became fetish objects, and Latin prayers and verses became part of the shaman's repertoire of magical chants and spells. \"Anito\" images (\"taotao\") were replaced by Catholic idols and their rituals syncretized, including attributing \"anito\"-like powers to them like miraculous healing from touching them or an ability to possess people. These flourished", "id": "20559883" }, { "contents": "Lautsi v. Italy\n\n\nobservations, several others were refused. On 30 June 2010, a hearing was held by the Grand Chamber, which on 18 March 2011 announced its decision, reached by 15 votes to 2, to overturn the ruling of the lower Chamber. It granted that, \"by prescribing the presence of crucifixes in State-schools classrooms - a sign which, whether or not it is accorded in addition a secular symbolic value, undoubtedly refers to Christianity - the regulations confer on the country's majority religion preponderant visibility in the school environment", "id": "3713342" }, { "contents": "Midsummer\n\n\nRøldal Stave Church in Røldal (southwest Norway) whose crucifix was said to have healing powers. Today, however, \"Sankthansaften\" is largely regarded as a secular or even pre-Christian event. In most places, the main event is the burning of a large bonfire. In Western Norway, a custom of arranging mock weddings, both between adults and between children, is still kept alive. The wedding was meant to symbolize the blossoming of new life. Such weddings are known to have taken place in the 1800s,", "id": "4909466" }, { "contents": "Anti-Catholicism in the United States\n\n\nconcerned with the visual image. Vestments, monstrances, statues, crucifixes – to say nothing of the symbols of the sacraments – are all things that more \"word oriented\" Christian denominations have foregone. The Catholic Church, therefore, lends itself perfectly to the visual media of film and television. You can be sure that any movie about the Second Coming or Satan or demonic possession or, for that matter, any sort of irruption of the transcendent into everyday life, will choose the Catholic Church as its venue. (See", "id": "7354535" }, { "contents": "Poor Man's Bible\n\n\ncrucifix, heard the voice of God and received on his hands the signs of the wounds of Christ's crucifixion, the stigmata. (This crucifix before which St Francis prayed in the 12th century still exists.) Part of the role of the decorated church was to confirm the role of \"the Church\". \"Christ's Church\" was the body of Christian believers. But in the narrower sense it was an organisation, and, particularly when under threat of heresy, humanism, division and reform, it needed to", "id": "16295179" }, { "contents": "Clare of Montefalco\n\n\n, a Franciscan from Foligno and formerly chaplain to Clare’s community, stated that he suspected that the \"symbols in her heart were planted by a nun from Foligno\"; furthermore that John Pulicinus, who had been chaplain at the time of Clare’s death, had opposed the veneration of the symbols found in her heart. The crucifix reportedly found within Clare's heart is about the size of a thumb. Christ's head leans slightly towards the right arm of the crucifix, and his body is white, except for the", "id": "20372369" }, { "contents": "North Christian Church\n\n\n30\" gold leaf cross, symbolizing Christ's sacrifice. The baptistery is a small space, decorated with a sunburst design, symbolizing the Holy Trinity. It is separate from the main sanctuary, designed to give the ceremony more dignity. The separation between the baptistery and sanctuary also recalls the tradition of the Early Christian church, when only those who were baptized could attend Communion. The North Christian Church was one of the most copied buildings from the mid-twentieth century. Although it did not generate much interest during Saarinen's", "id": "1297480" }, { "contents": "Altar crucifix\n\n\nupon the altar is intended to serve as a reminder to the people in attendance and the celebrant of the believed nature of the Eucharist as the actual body of Christ; the altar itself symbolically represents Golgotha. It is for this reason that Roman Law decrees it necessary to have the crucifix upon the altar whenever Mass is celebrated. Specifically, it is placed directly in between the Candlesticks in such a way that it is conveniently seen by the people. In some cases, to better fulfill this requirement, the crucifix is instead hung", "id": "18509804" }, { "contents": "Cross of Mathilde\n\n\npunchmarked Agnus Dei which is accompanied by the four Evangelists' symbols. On the obverse there is a crucifix cast in bronze and gilt, with three cavities for holding relics: two in the back and one in the occiput. To the left and right of the crucifix there are enamel roundels with personifications of the Sun and the Moon, surrounded by four pearls each and by filigreework. Above the crucifix is the normal cross inscription in enamel: IHC NAZA/RENVS REX / IVDEORV (Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews", "id": "4071659" }, { "contents": "Crucifixion in the arts\n\n\nE. Coyote (of the Road Runner cartoons) and the depiction at the culmination of the issue of his dead body in cruciform. Superman, often seen as a Christ figure, has also been crucified, as well as being shown in cruciform. Crucifixions and crucifixes have appeared repeatedly in Japanese manga and anime. In manga iconography, crucifixes serve two purposes: as death symbols, and as symbols of justice. Scholars such as Michael Broderick and Susan J. Napier argue that Japanese readers associate crucifixion imagery with apocalyptic themes, and trace", "id": "10268584" }, { "contents": "Catholic Church in Saudi Arabia\n\n\nChristians of other denominations generally only worship in secret within private homes. Items and articles belonging to religions other than Islam are prohibited. These include Bibles, crucifixes, statues, carvings, items with religious symbols, and others, although the government's stated policy was that such items were allowed for private religious purposes. The Saudi Arabian Mutaween (Arabic: مطوعين), or Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice prohibits the practice of any religion other than Islam. Conversion of a Muslim to another religion is", "id": "17061021" }, { "contents": "Mjölnir\n\n\nis based on Thor's association with both agriculture and the fertilization of fields. Modern Pagans have emphasized the role of Mjolnir in their religious rituals and doctrine, though its primary function is to publicly signify faith (similarly to how Christians wear or hang Crucifixes). While Norse in origin, Mjolnir modern usage is not limited to Nordic pagans and has been utilized in Dutch pagan marriages, American pagan rituals, as well as the symbolic representation for all of Germanic heathenry. Thor possessed a formidable chariot, which is drawn by two", "id": "5058642" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Africa\n\n\n, Simon Kimbangu questioned the order of religious deliverance- would God send a white man to preach? The Kimbanguist church believed Jesus was black and regarded symbols with different weight than the Catholic and Protestant Europeans. The common practice of placing crosses and crucifixes in churches was viewed as a graven image in their eyes or a form of idolatry. Also, according to Mazrui, Kimbanguists respected the roles of women in church more than orthodox churches; they gave women the roles of priests and preachers. Members within these churches looked for practices in", "id": "5962760" }, { "contents": "Lent\n\n\n40 days; this is known as one's Lenten sacrifice. Many Christians also add a Lenten spiritual discipline, such as reading a daily devotional or praying through a Lenten calendar, to draw themselves near to God. The Stations of the Cross, a devotional commemoration of Christ's carrying the Cross and of his execution, are often observed. Many Roman Catholic and some Protestant churches remove flowers from their altars, while crucifixes, religious statues, and other elaborate religious symbols are often veiled in violet fabrics in solemn observance of the", "id": "8395800" }, { "contents": "Silence (2016 film)\n\n\nseated before him in charge of the proceedings. Rodrigues is returned to prison, and Kichijirō soon arrives to be imprisoned as well. He explains to Rodrigues that court officials threatened him in order that he betray Rodrigues. Kichijirō then says he is a Christian and asks to be absolved of his betrayal through a confession, which Rodrigues reluctantly grants him. He later is released after being told to step on a fumi-e (a crudely carved crucifix), an act symbolizing rejection of the faith. Later, Rodrigues is brought", "id": "9270594" }, { "contents": "Olive branch\n\n\nan olive branch had become established as a Christian symbol of peace, St Augustine wrote in \"On Christian Doctrine\" that, \"perpetual peace is indicated by the olive branch (\"oleae ramusculo\") which the dove brought with it when it returned to the ark.\" However, in Jewish tradition there is no association of the olive leaf with peace in the story of the flood. An olive branch held by a dove was used as a peace symbol in 18th century Britain and America. A £2 note of", "id": "12943200" }, { "contents": "Roskilde Cathedral\n\n\nin the king's arsenal. When the arsenal burned in 1647, all that remained of the monument was the grand sandstone crucifix and a head carved from alabaster. The crucifix was subsequently placed in the Church of Holmen, while the head was given to the National Museum of Denmark. The king's successors were each unable to provide a fitting resting place for the king, and it was not until 1840 and Christian VIII that work was finally begun. He had hoped to see the project finished by 1848, the 200th anniversary", "id": "7640559" }, { "contents": "Edmund Purdom\n\n\nstatus, symbols and public image were too much. I walked out. Perhaps I should have been more patient.\" Hedda Hopper wrote in response to this, \"the truth is, he did his best to become a star here, but he didn't make the grade - even with Mario Lanza's voice; but he did walk out on his wife and family and start gallivanting around with Linda Christian. I'll bet he'll come hopping back if anyone crooked a finger.\" He eventually married Christian in 1962", "id": "8701218" }, { "contents": "Old Norse religion\n\n\niron, bronze, or amber, although silver pendants became fashionable in the tenth century. This may have been a response to the growing popularity of Christian cross amulets. The two religious symbols may have co-existed closely; one piece of archaeological evidence suggesting that this is the case is a soapstone mould for casting pendants discovered from Trengården in Denmark. This mould had space for a Mjöllnir and a crucifix pendant side by side, suggesting that the artisan who produced these pendants catered for both religious communities. These have typically been", "id": "1210552" }, { "contents": "Georgetown University\n\n\nmany classroom walls, a change that attracted national attention. Before 1996, crucifixes had hung only in hospital rooms and historic classrooms. Some of these crucifixes are historic works of art, and are noted as such. According to Imam Yahya Hendi, the school's on-campus Muslim cleric, pressure to remove the crucifixes comes from within the Catholic community, while he and other campus faith leaders have defended their placement. The Intercultural Center is an exception to this controversy, rotating displays of various faith and culture symbols in the", "id": "13501811" }, { "contents": "Irish penal rosary\n\n\nThe Irish Penal Rosary () was a single-decade rosary used during penal times in Ireland, when Roman Catholicism and its religious objects were forbidden. This version of the rosary is easily hidden, allowing devout Roman Catholics to pray with less fear of being detected. The crucifix has various symbols of the Passion: a hammer for the nails of the cross; a halo for the Crown of Thorns; a jug symbolizing the Last Supper; cords for binding which recall the Scourging at the Pillar; the spear used at Calvary", "id": "17099711" }, { "contents": "Malankara Church\n\n\nreality, it appears that Ahatallah did in fact reach Goa, from whence he was sent on to Europe, but he evidently died in Paris before reaching Rome where his case was to be heard. In any event, Garcia's dismissiveness towards the Saint Thomas Christians' appeals only embittered the community further. This was the last straw for the Saint Thomas Christians, and in 1653 Thomas and representatives of the community met at the Church of Our Lady in Mattancherry to take bold action. In a great ceremony before a crucifix and", "id": "11493691" }, { "contents": "Prussian Union of Churches\n\n\nthe Crucifix of the altar and leaves the church.\" On 11 September 1933 Gerhard Jacobi gathered c. 60 opposing pastors, who clearly saw the breach of Christian and Protestant principles. Weschke and Günter Jacob proposed to found the Emergency Covenant of Pastors (), and so they did, electing Pastor Niemöller their president. On the basis of the theses of Günter Jacob its members concluded that a schism was a matter of fact, a new Protestant church was to be established, since the official organisation was anti-Christian, heretical", "id": "15992987" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\ntop of society as these became cheap enough for the average person to afford. Most towns had a large crucifix erected as a monument, or some other shrine at the crossroads of the town. By the 19th century displaying a crucifix somewhere in the general reception areas of a house became typical of Catholic homes. Richer Catholics could afford a room set aside for a chapel. Roman Catholic (both Eastern and Western), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran Christians generally use the crucifix in public religious services. They", "id": "7538563" }, { "contents": "Churches in Norway\n\n\nof Jens Pedersen Skjelderup, the second luhteran bishop of Bergen. Romanesque stone churches include decorations showing lions, snakes, dragons and other imaginative creatures – the actual meaning of these is lost. Within stone churches distinct Christian symbols are often found in wood ornaments such as crucifixes. The Anglo-Norman style influenced Norwegian Romanesque churches, particularly in along the Atlantic coast where for example the chevron was used in ornaments. Gothic ornaments during the 13th and 14th century were also heavily influenced by English style. Some churches have a tole painted", "id": "1606981" }, { "contents": "Christian symbolism\n\n\nthe dove also as a symbol of peace. Ancient Greeks believed that the flesh of peafowl did not decay after death, and so it became a symbol of immortality. This symbolism was adopted by early Christianity, and thus many early Christian paintings and mosaics show the peacock. The peacock is still used in the Easter season especially in the east. The \"eyes\" in the peacock's tail feathers symbolise the all-seeing God and - in some interpretations - the Church. A peacock drinking from a vase is used as", "id": "19427961" }, { "contents": "Aniconism in Christianity\n\n\ndenominations avoid images in churches, and in the Anglican Church matters such as the use of altar crosses and crucifixes can arouse strong feelings. However while portraits of saints were destroyed, portraits of contemporary individuals, including church leaders, were not considered problematic, and exist in large numbers. Reformed Christians did not object to small religious images, typically of episodes from the New Testament, in the form of prints, and Bible illustrations or picture books, especially those intended for children, were and continue to be widely used in Protestantism", "id": "11260851" }, { "contents": "Tom Ford\n\n\nhappy to objectify men\". He argued \"you can't show male nudity in our culture in the way you can show female nudity\" and pointed out that he did a male nude ad while at Yves Saint Laurent which got pulled. In 2014, Ford released a new product, called the \"Penis Pendant Necklace\". The product caused some controversy, with Christians calling it offensive due to the pendant being shaped similar to a Christian cross or crucifix. Ford replied that \"it was not meant to be a cross", "id": "9012730" }, { "contents": "Symbolism of domes\n\n\ncourt and the gods\", becoming a common feature of imperial palaces from the time of Constantine onwards. Michele Melaragno writes that the concept of \"Christ the King\" was the Christian counterpoint to the Roman tradition of emperor deification and so absorbed the dome symbolism associated with it. The Christian use of domes acknowledged earlier symbolic associations. The dual sepulchral and heavenly symbolism was adopted by early Christians in both the use of domes in architecture and in the ciborium, a domical canopy like the baldachin used as a ritual covering for relics", "id": "10125436" }, { "contents": "Sigil of Baphomet\n\n\npredating LaVey, imagery used to represent the \"Satanic\" is denoted by inverted crosses and blasphemous parodies of Christian art. The familiar goat's head inside an inverted pentagram did not become the foremost symbol of Satanism until the founding of the Church of Satan in 1966. The original goat pentagram containing the Hebrew letters at the five points of the pentagram spelling out Leviathan first appeared in the book \"La Clef de la Magie Noire\" by French occultist Stanislas de Guaita, in 1897. This symbol was later used in Mourice Bessy", "id": "15726741" }, { "contents": "Madonna (entertainer)\n\n\nmusic.\" \"Sorry\", the second single, became Madonna's twelfth number-one single in the UK. Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of \"Live to Tell\". It caused the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia", "id": "13151529" }, { "contents": "Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Tarnobrzeg\n\n\nbecoming waves. The Archangel is separating them and with walking stick is reproving in the direction of the Cross and the Mother of God. In part centre a huge crucifix is found. There are no specific ideas of people or demons, but a symbolism of waves was kept. Individual persons are turning up at the right part of the altar - already as praying and adoring God, with crosses in the hand. A side altar of the Merciful Jesus kept the similar style of mosaic. The left, side nave is filled", "id": "14866935" }, { "contents": "The Last Word (Greene short story)\n\n\na crucifix with an arm broken off. He is already feeble-minded and has forgotten most of his past, and the world has forgotten him as well—when the concierge at a hotel is told that he is the pope, he answers, \"The Pope? What's the Pope?\" When the Pope was toppled, there was an attempt to assassinate him, but this failed, and it was since decided not to make him a martyr to the few surviving Christians. Since then, Christianity has been eradicated", "id": "19062020" }, { "contents": "Lucy Brocadelli\n\n\n, and Saint Agnes of Montepulciano, who helped her make bread for the poor. However, when one of the servants came up to him one day and told him that Lucy was privately entertaining a handsome young man she appeared to be quite familiar with, he did react. He took up his sword and went to see who this person was. When he arrived, he found Lucy contemplating a large crucifix. The servant told him that the man he had seen Lucy with looked like the figure on the crucifix. Later", "id": "17319337" }, { "contents": "Skull and crossbones (Spanish cemetery)\n\n\nActual skulls and bones were long used to mark the entrances to Spanish cemeteries (\"campo santo\"). The practice, dating back many centuries, led to the symbol eventually becoming associated with the concept of death. Some crucifixes feature a skull and crossbones beneath the corpus (the depiction of Jesus' body), in reference to a legend that the place of the crucifixion was also the burial place of Adam or, more likely, in reference to the New Testament statement (King James Version: Matthew 27:33, Mark", "id": "22161087" }, { "contents": "Crucifix\n\n\nseen as a sacramental, is often part of devotion for Christians, especially those worshipping in a church, also privately. The person may sit, stand, or kneel in front of the crucifix, sometimes looking at it in contemplation, or merely in front of it with head bowed or eyes closed. During the Middle Ages small crucifixes, generally hung on a wall, became normal in the personal cells or living quarters first of monks, then all clergy, followed by the homes of the laity, spreading down from the", "id": "7538562" }, { "contents": "Jean Racine\n\n\nlegend of Œdipus. A Jansenist by birth and education, Racine was deeply influenced by its sense of fatalism. As a Christian, however, he could no longer assume, as did Æschylus and Sophocles, that God is merciless in leading men to a doom which they do not foresee. Instead, destiny becomes (at least, in the secular plays) the uncontrollable frenzy of unrequited love. As already in the works of Euripides, the gods have become symbolic. Venus represents the unquenchable force of sexual passion within the human", "id": "6931991" }, { "contents": "Juan Diego\n\n\nChristian statues and crucifixes in order to mask the true focus of their devotion. Torquemada repeated, with variations, an established idea that churches had been deliberately erected to Christian saints at certain locations (Tepeyac among them) in order to channel pre-Christian devotions towards Christian cults. Only when very particular conditions obtain can legitimate inferences be drawn from silence in contemporary sources. The doubtful relevance of silence as to the Guadalupe event in certain documents from the time of Zumárraga has already been noted under section 6.2.2 above, and Miguel Sánchez", "id": "19895745" }, { "contents": "Christian cross variants\n\n\nvisible over the entire surrounding area. Roman Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran depictions of the cross are often crucifixes, in order to emphasize that it is Jesus that is important, rather than the cross in isolation. Large crucifixes are a prominent feature of some Lutheran churches, as illustrated in the article Rood. However, some other Protestant traditions depict the cross without the corpus, interpreting this form as an indication of belief in the resurrection rather than as representing the interval between the death and the resurrection of Jesus. Several Christian cross", "id": "16507988" }, { "contents": "Adel Smith\n\n\nvenues, where he vehemently attacked Western civilization and Christianity. In 2001, he founded the \"Italian Islamic Party\" (\"Partito Islamico Italiano\"). He attracted more media attention by demanding that crucifixes in public places (i.e., schools, hospitals, and government offices) be removed, and throwing a crucifix out of the window of his mother's hospital room after authorities refused to remove it. The Italian Council of State, with the sentence number 556 of 13 February 2006, upheld the display of the crucifix in", "id": "21358390" }, { "contents": "Aunslev\n\n\ncrucifix found in Denmark . It was found by a local villager, Dennis Fabricius Holm, who searched a field between the village and the church using a metal detector on 11 March 2016. The crucifix is a pendant necklace, with a height of 4.1 cm. and a weight of 13.2 g. The precise dating of the crucifix has yet to be determined, though estimates state around 900–950 AD. This changes the broad understanding of the arrival of Christianity in Denmark. Until this finding the Jelling Stones has been acknowledged as the first", "id": "7755067" }, { "contents": "Lorenzo di Niccolò\n\n\nthe church with the knight. Through his work, Lorenzo places a halo around Giovanni's head to reveal the moment that the crucifix in the church bowed as a symbol of approval of Giovanni's lack of violence, and the enemies continued to become friends. Lorenzo's depiction of this miracle veers from the traditional legend through the existence of the knight's weapons, which he has laid at his side. Seven auction results for sales of Lorenzo's work between January 1998 and October 2016 are a matter of public record through ArtNet", "id": "1597029" }, { "contents": "Religious symbolism in the United States military\n\n\n-pointed star was rejected—based on the same fears the army had that a six-pointed star would be too similar to the five-pointed star worn by flag officers—he recommended the shepherd's crook as a universal symbol, a recommendation that met with opposition from many Christian chaplains. However, the Navy did authorize Goldberg to wear that symbol himself, in place of the cross. Goldberg wore this insignia until the end of World War II, when navy policy eventually changed to allow navy Jewish chaplains to wear", "id": "11056038" }, { "contents": "The Bloody Exorcism of Coffin Joe\n\n\n, he returns with a crucifix he found fallen from the wall, and brandishes it saying “I believe in God!”, preventing Betinha's murder. He then uses the crucifix to quickly exorcise the family members of their influence from Coffin Joe. Marins and Coffin Joe struggle. After Marins is knocked to the ground, a transparent image of Coffin Joe is seen leaving Marins' body. The witch and Eugenio both die as results of Marins' impromptu Christian pronouncements. Marins wakes in his room clutching the crucifix. He", "id": "10717536" }, { "contents": "Carlo Maciachini\n\n\n, despite working on religious buildings, Maciachini made very little use of Christian symbols: for example, the chapels in the Famedio (the core building of the Monumental Cemetery) did not include any Cross symbol in Maciachini's original design. On the other hand, stars of David, pentagrams, (left-facing) swastikas, triskelions, and other non-Christian symbols are found in many of Maciachini's facades and architectures. This predilection for \"pagan\" (possibly esoteric) symbols has aroused a number of theories alleging", "id": "20766507" }, { "contents": "San Sebastian Stags\n\n\nthe symbol of the catechumen who aspired for martyrdom. Some of the Holy Fathers presented the Stags as model of what a Christian should do when a pagan threatens him. That is to run away fast to God. A fitting comparison because aside from swiftness coupled with quietness in the pursuit of goals, the stags is gifted with speed and nimbleness to evade dangers. Like a stag, a Christian should be quick to avoid the practice and agencies when they become moral threats. In the same manner, without the hunter knowing it", "id": "329701" } ]

[ { "contents": "Gland\n\n\n, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and the two adrenal glands are all endocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete their products through a duct onto an outer or inner surface of the body, such as the skin or the gastrointestinal tract. Secretion is directly onto the apical surface. The glands in this group can be divided into three groups: The type of secretory product of exocrine glands may also be one of three categories: Adenosis is any disease of a gland. The diseased gland has abnormal formation or development of glandular tissue which", "id": "13650100" }, { "contents": "Secretion\n\n\nSecretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion, is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structure at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell. Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation", "id": "4536469" }, { "contents": "Secretory protein\n\n\nA secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. Secretory proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. The production of a secretory protein starts like any other protein. The mRNA is produced and transported to the cytosol where it interacts with a free cytosolic ribosome. The part that is produced first, the N-terminal, contains a signal sequence consisting of 6 to 12 amino acids with hydrophobic side", "id": "22022131" }, { "contents": "Apocrine sweat gland\n\n\ngland secretes an oily fluid with proteins, lipids, and steroids that is odorless before microbial activity. It appears on the skin surface mixed with sebum, as sebaceous glands open into the same hair follicle. Unlike eccrine sweat glands, which secrete continuously, the apocrine glands secrete in periodic spurts. Apocrine sweat glands were originally thought to use only apocrine secretion: vesicles pinch off from the secretory cells, then degrade in the secretory lumen, releasing their product. More recent research has also shown that merocrine secretion takes place. Myoepithelial", "id": "15590206" }, { "contents": "Neurosecretion\n\n\nNeurosecretion is the storage, synthesis and release of hormones from neurons. These neurohormones, produced by neurosecretory cells, are normally secreted from nerve cells in the brain that then circulate into the blood. These neurohormones are similar to nonneural endocrine cells and glands in that they also regulate both endocrine and nonendocrine cells. Neurosecretion cells synthesize and package their product in vesicles and exocytose them at axon endings just as normal neurons do, but release their product farther from their target than normal neurons (which release their neurotransmitters short distances at synapses)", "id": "7639734" }, { "contents": "Merocrine\n\n\nMerocrine (or eccrine) is a term used to classify exocrine glands and their secretions in the study of histology. A cell is classified as merocrine if the secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and then onto a bodily surface or into the lumen. Merocrine is the most common manner of secretion. The gland releases its product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged (compare holocrine and apocrine). The term eccrine is specifically used to designate merocrine", "id": "15960466" }, { "contents": "Parotid gland\n\n\nnumerous and consist of simple columnar epithelium, having striations that represent the infolded basal cell membranes and mitochondria. Though the parotid gland is the largest, it provides only 25% of the total salivary volume. The serous cell predominates in the parotid, making the gland secrete a mainly serous secretory product. The parotid gland also secretes salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), which is the first step in the decomposition of starches during mastication. It is the main exocrine gland to secrete this. It breaks down amylose (straight chain", "id": "18194522" }, { "contents": "Submandibular gland\n\n\nEach adenomere contains one or more acini, or alveoli, which are small clusters of cells that secrete their products into a duct. The acini of each adenomere are composed of either serous or mucous cells, with serous adenomeres predominating. Some mucous adenomeres may also be capped with a serous demilune, a layer of lysozyme-secreting serous cells resembling a half moon. Like other exocrine glands, the submandibular gland can be classified by the microscopic anatomy of its secretory cells and how they are arranged. Because the glands are branched,", "id": "5316598" }, { "contents": "Apocrine\n\n\nApocrine () is a term used to classify exocrine glands in the study of histology. Cells which are classified as apocrine bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing extracellular membrane-bound vesicles. The apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen. It loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions. Apocrine glands are found primarily in the breast of lactating mammals (i.e. the mammary glands are apocrine glands). Secretion occurs when the release of secretory materials is accompanied with loss of part", "id": "14036480" }, { "contents": "Sweat gland\n\n\nglands in the eyelids are modified apocrine sweat glands. Generally, sweat glands consist of a \"secretory unit\" consisting of a base rolled into a glomerulum, and a \"duct \"that carries the sweat away. The \"secretory coil \"or base, is set deep in the lower dermis and hypodermis, and the entire gland is surrounded by adipose tissue. In both sweat gland types, the secretory coils are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells that function to facilitate excretion of secretory product. The secretory activities of the gland cells", "id": "19633857" }, { "contents": "Gastric mucosa\n\n\npart the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in throughout the gastric mucosa. The pyloric glands contain gastrin-producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs), found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells produce serotonin, which stimulates", "id": "4789389" }, { "contents": "Submandibular gland\n\n\nand because the tubules forming the branches contain secretory cells, submandibular glands are classified as branched tubuloacinar glands. Further, because the secretory cells are of both serous and mucous types, the submandibular gland is a mixed gland, and though most of the cells are serous, the exudate is chiefly mucous. It has long striated ducts and short intercalated ducts. The secretory acinar cells of the submandibular gland have distinct functions. The mucous cells are the most active and therefore the major product of the submandibular glands is saliva which is mucoid", "id": "5316599" }, { "contents": "Parathyroid chief cell\n\n\nlittle or no acid phosphatase. The chief cells become active in response to low calcium in the blood. The low level is sensed by the calcium- sensing receptor. These active cells have a greater electron density than the inactive chief cells. The electron density is caused by the secretory granules. The chief cell is thought to have a clear cytoplasm. The parathyroid gland is part of the endocrine system. Most individuals display four parathyroid glands adjacent to the thyroid gland anterior in the neck. The chief cells are organized as dense cords", "id": "20670365" }, { "contents": "Apocrine sweat gland\n\n\ndiameter than the eccrine sweat gland. The secretory tubules of apocrine glands are single layered, but unlike the eccrine secretory tubules, contain only a single type of ductal epithelial cell, varying in diameter according to their location, and sometimes branching off into multiple ducts. The tubules are wrapped in myoepithelial cells, which are more developed than in their eccrine gland counterparts. In hoofed animals and marsupials, apocrine glands act as the main thermoregulator, secreting watery sweat. For most mammals, however, apocrine sweat glands secrete an oily (", "id": "15590204" }, { "contents": "Gland\n\n\nare lined with a less modified type of epithelial cell. Glands are classified according to their shape. Glands are divided based on their function into two groups: Endocrine glands secrete substances that circulate through the blood stream. The glands secrete their products through basal lamina into the blood stream. Basil lamina typically can be seen as a layer around the glands to which a million, maybe more, tiny blood vessels are attached. These glands often secrete hormones which play an important role in maintaining homeostasis. The pineal gland, thymus gland", "id": "13650099" }, { "contents": "Snail slime\n\n\npresent in them. A snail releases different kinds of mucus depending on the way it is stimulated. When the stimulation is normal the slime is viscous (sticky) but if the snail is disturbed continuously or even violently, it releases clear foamy secretions. In the case of \"Helix aspersa\", the discharge is composed of synthesized products from various types of secretory glands. These are all single-cell glands found in connective tissue and secrete their products via pores that pass between the epidermal cells. They are of various shapes", "id": "20977829" }, { "contents": "Folliculostellate cell\n\n\nthat FS cells are known to produce Metalloprotease inhibitor which may protect the basement membrane and maintain three-dimensional structural support; as well as surrounding endocrine cells, forming close contact to provide the growth factors and cytokines, within the pituitary gland. FS Cells are thought to have a role in relaying signals to the hormone secreting endocrine cells of the pituitary gland. Nitric Oxide (NO), is reported to be a key modulator of endocrine cell function and has been shown that FS cells (and some endocrine cells) contain neuronal", "id": "2701074" }, { "contents": "Adephaga\n\n\nof adephagans. The coiled, tubular testes consist of a single follicle, and the ovaries are polytrophic. All families of adephagan have paired pygidial glands located posterodorsally in the abdomen, which are used for secreting chemicals. The glands consist of complex invaginations of the cuticle lined with epidermal cells contiguous with the integument. The glands have no connection with the rectum and open on the eighth abdominal tergum. Secretions pass from the secretory lobes, which are aggregations of secretory cells, through a tube to a reservoir lined with muscles. This", "id": "6922233" }, { "contents": "Folliculostellate cell\n\n\nnot secrete hormones, they influence the functionality of hormone-secreting endocrine cells via gap junctions. FS cells form homologous gap junctions with their adjacent counterparts, but also heterologous gap junctions with hormone-secreting endocrine cells. The gap junctions that exist between adjacent FS cells are used to propagate calcium-mediated signals throughout the pituitary to coordinate the function of excitable endocrine cells distributed throughout the gland. The endocrine-FS cell gap junctions, alongside the FS-FS gap junctions form a cell network that allows information about the physiological environment", "id": "2701070" }, { "contents": "Exocrine gland\n\n\nExocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series", "id": "21425077" }, { "contents": "Membrane vesicle trafficking\n\n\nsecretory cells. This phenomenon has key role in synaptic neurotransmission, endocrine secretion, mucous secretion, granular-product secretion by neutrophils, etc. The scientists behind this discovery were awarded Nobel prize for the year 2013. In the \"prokaryotic\" gram-negative bacterial cells, membrane vesicle trafficking is mediated via bacterial outer membrane bounded nano-sized vesicles, called bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In this case, however, the OMV membrane is secreted as well, along with OMV-contents to outside the secretion-", "id": "14428222" }, { "contents": "Neurosecretion\n\n\n, typically releasing their neurohormones into the circulatory system to reach their distant targets. In 1928, Ernst Scharrer hypothesized that neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus of teleost fish, Phoxinus laevis, had secretory activity similar to that of endocrine gland cells. As more became known about neurosecretory cells, the difference between the actions of nerve communication and endocrine hormone release become less clear. Like the average neuron, these cells conduct electrical impulses along the axon but unlike these neurons, neurosecretion produces neurohormones that are released into the body’s circulation. Combining", "id": "7639735" }, { "contents": "Pancreatic progenitor cell\n\n\nexocrine secretions in the pancreas and gut. Delta cells which produce somatostatin which is a growth hormone inhibiting hormone and has important function in the regulation of hormone production from the anterior pituitary gland. Epsilon cells produce Ghrelin (hunger hormone) which is a neuropeptide that acts on the hypothalamic center of the brain, where it couples with GHSR (growth hormone secretagogue receptors) and mediates hunger. The exocrine progenitor cell develop into precursor cells expressing amylase. These cells then can be identified in tissue to be secretory in nature and contribute to", "id": "4585778" }, { "contents": "Endocrine system\n\n\n\"to separate, distinguish\". The human endocrine system consists of several systems that operate via feedback loops. Several important feedback systems are mediated via the hypothalamus and pituitary. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into interstitial spaces and then absorbed into blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland", "id": "9277485" }, { "contents": "Bombus morio\n\n\nportion more dilated and corn shaped. The glands were evolved though protein synthesis, as RNA of the cytoplasm and nucleoli can be observed. Analysis has discovered that the gland secretion is very complex, as proteins, neutral polysaccharide, as well as lipids are released by these glands. The midgut of the \"Bombus morio\" is made up of three cell types that play crucial roles in the digestion, absorption, and hormone production. The differences in the three types of cells, digestive, regenerative, and endocrine cells, can", "id": "1929555" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\nEndocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by the pituitary stalk, and is enclosed by bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion the anterior pituitary and", "id": "1154609" }, { "contents": "Salivary gland\n\n\nthe ductal system, with many acini within each lobule of the gland. Each acinus consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a lumen, a central opening where the saliva is deposited after being produced by the secretory cells. The three forms of acini are classified in terms of the type of epithelial cell present and the secretory product being produced: serous, mucoserous and mucous. In the duct system, the lumina are formed by intercalated ducts, which in turn join to form striated ducts. These drain into ducts", "id": "171528" }, { "contents": "Pinguicula moranensis\n\n\nthe genus, these leaf blades are densely covered by peduncular (stalked) mucilaginous glands and sessile (flat) digestive glands. The peduncular glands consist of a few secretory cells on top of a single-celled stalk. These cells produce a mucilaginous secretion which forms visible droplets across the leaf surface. This wet appearance probably helps lure prey in search of water; a similar phenomenon is observed in the sundews. The droplets secrete only limited enzymes and serve mainly to entrap insects. On contact with an insect, the peduncular glands", "id": "8454307" }, { "contents": "Olfactory glands\n\n\nOlfactory glands, also known as Bowman's glands, are a type of nasal gland situated in the olfactory mucosa, beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the lamina propria, a connective tissue also containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. An olfactory gland consists of an acinus in the lamina propria and a secretory duct going out through the olfactory epithelium. Electron microscopy studies show that olfactory glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles. Olfactory glands secrete the gel-forming mucin MUC5AC(UniProtKB: P98088)", "id": "20169410" }, { "contents": "Latrotoxin\n\n\nepithelial cells of the venom glands., They can, however, associate with secretory granules although they are not taken up in the lumen of the granules. The cytosolic α-LTX precursor molecule is released from the cell by means of holocrine secretion where it ends up in the venom gland of the spider. This gland contains the several proteases involved in the cleavage of the precursor α-LTX molecule. The α-LTX protein tertiary structure can be divided in three parts: the N-terminal wing (36 kDa)", "id": "5745615" }, { "contents": "Gland (botany)\n\n\nglands consist of a layer of disk cells, whose outer surface splits to create a large secretory cavity lined by cell wall and cuticle components. Together the disk cells and secretory cavity form a round head atop the narrow stalk. These cavities come to contain large amounts of cannabidiol in hemp-producing strains, or tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in marijuana-producing strains. These compounds appear to be produced beginning in specialized plastids called lipoplasts. These produce spheres of oily secretions, including terpenes, which pass through the cell membrane and wall to", "id": "18648487" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\n(cholecalciferol); and adipose tissue (leptin and resistin). Endocrine glands derive from all three germ layers. The natural decrease in function of the female’s ovaries during late middle age results in menopause. The efficiency of all endocrine glands seems to decrease gradually as aging occurs. This leads to a generalized increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and a lower metabolic rate. Local chemical messengers, not generally considered part of the endocrine system, include autocrines, which act on the cells that secrete them, and paracrines,", "id": "1154620" }, { "contents": "Pinguicula orchidioides\n\n\nsessile (flat) digestive glands. The peduncular glands consist of a few secretory cells on top of a single-celled stalk. These cells produce a mucilaginous secretion which forms visible droplets across the leaf surface. This wet appearance probably helps lure prey in search of water; a similar phenomenon is observed in the sundews. The droplets secrete only limited enzymes and serve mainly to entrap insects. On contact with an insect, the peduncular glands release additional mucilage from special reservoir cells located at the base of their stalks. The insect", "id": "3504470" }, { "contents": "Ceruminous gland\n\n\nCeruminous glands are specialized sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) located subcutaneously in the external auditory canal, in the outer 1/3. Ceruminous glands are simple, coiled, tubular glands made up of an inner secretory layer of cells and an outer myoepithelial layer of cells. They are classed as apocrine glands. The glands drain into larger ducts, which then drain into the guard hairs that reside in the external auditory canal. Here they produce cerumen, or earwax, by mixing their secretion with sebum and dead epidermal cells. Cerumen keeps the", "id": "889647" }, { "contents": "Folliculostellate cell\n\n\nduring di-oestrus. Evidently, the number of gap junctions is influenced by steroid hormone secretion from the gonads, and FS cells contribute to the pituitary-gonadal feedback loop. Folliculostellate (FS) cells are asserted to be of sustentacular (support) function due to their positioning alongside the endocrine (hormone-secreting) cells of the pituitary gland, implying an either mechanical or chemical support – by forming structural support around the endocrine cells or releasing growth factors and cytokines (cell-signalling molecules. Structural support is exemplified in", "id": "2701073" }, { "contents": "Pinguicula\n\n\n\"). One is termed a \"peduncular gland\", and consists of a few secretory cells on top of a single stalk cell. These cells produce a mucilaginous secretion which forms visible droplets across the leaf surface. This wet appearance probably helps lure prey in search of water (a similar phenomenon is observed in the sundews). The droplets secrete limited amounts of digestive enzymes, and serve mainly to entrap insects. On contact with an insect, the peduncular glands release additional mucilage from special reservoir cells located at the base", "id": "10874230" }, { "contents": "Male accessory gland\n\n\nglands lined by simple columnar epithelium is an enlargement of the vas deferens in its terminal portion. These are typical tubular glands in ruminants, horses and dogs; absent in the cat and poorly developed in boars. The function of the white serous secretion is not known. The secretory endpieces of these glands are lined with simple columnar epithelium; the main ducts are lined with stratified columnar epithelium. These glands do not occur in carnivores, but are present in some form in horses, ruminants and swine. Seminal fluid, the product", "id": "14693566" }, { "contents": "Rhabditophora\n\n\nThe adhesive glands secrete an adhesive substance that attaches the anchor cells to a surface, while the releasing glands secrete a substance able to release the anchor cells from surfaces. This systems allows rhabditophorans to adhere and release quickly from the substrate, even several times in a second. The secretory organs of rhabditophorans, the protonephridia, also have a unique anatomy in which the flame cells and tube cells present a series of cytoplasmic projections that overlap, forming a two-cell 'weir'. Current classification of Rhabditophora based on several morphological", "id": "4042256" }, { "contents": "Anterior pituitary\n\n\n(TSH). It also contains non-endocrine folliculostellate cells which are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations. Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones (Greek: trophe, “nourishment”) and tropic hormones. \"Trophic hormones\" directly affect growth either as hyperplasia or hypertrophy on the tissue it is stimulating. \"Tropic hormones\" are named for their ability to act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones, causing numerous cascading physiological responses. Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary", "id": "19252540" }, { "contents": "Mammary gland\n\n\nbe dependent on the mother for nourishment. In some species there is complete or partial involution of alveolar structures after weaning, in humans there is only partial involution and the level of involution in humans appears to be highly individual. The glands in the breast do secrete fluid also in nonlactating women. In some other species (such as cows), all alveoli and secretory duct structures collapse by programmed cell death (apoptosis) and autophagy for lack of growth promoting factors either from the ECM or circulating hormones. At the same time", "id": "11808052" }, { "contents": "Chromogranin A\n\n\nChromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins, i.e., it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells such as islet beta cell secretory granules in pancreas. In humans, chromogranin A protein is encoded by the \"CHGA\" gene. Examples of cells producing chromogranin A (ChgA) are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, paraganglia, enterochromaffin-like cells and beta cells of the pancreas. It is present in islet beta cell secretory", "id": "4843989" }, { "contents": "Endocrine disruptor\n\n\nglands that secrete hormones, and receptors that detect and react to the hormones. Hormones travel throughout the body and act as chemical messengers. Hormones interface with cells that contain matching receptors in or on their surfaces. The hormone binds with the receptor, much like a key would fit into a lock. The endocrine system regulates adjustments through slower internal processes, using hormones as messengers. The endocrine system secretes hormones in response to environmental stimuli and to orchestrate developmental and reproductive changes. The adjustments brought on by the endocrine system are biochemical", "id": "21192958" }, { "contents": "Pinguicula elizabethiae\n\n\neach 5 to 17 millimeters (– in.) long and two to four millimeters (– in.) wide, spatulate to oblong-spatulate, obtuse, and densely covered with 5–10 millimeter multicellular trichomes. As is typical in the genus, the upper lamina surface of the summer leaves is densely covered by peduncular (stalked) mucilagenous glands and sessile (flat) digestive glands. The peduncular glands consist of a few secretory cells on top of a single-celled stalk. These cells produce a mucilaginous secretion which forms visible", "id": "5394758" }, { "contents": "Plant secretory tissue\n\n\nthe result of anastamosis of many cells. They grow more or less as parallel ducts which by means of branching and frequent anastamoses form a complex network. Latex vessels are commonly found in many angiosperm families Papaveraceae, Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, etc. The function of laticiferous ducts is not clearly understood. They may also act as food storage organs or as reservoir of waste products, or as translocatory tissues. This tissue consists of special structures; the glands. These glands contain some secretory or excretory products. A gland may", "id": "872123" }, { "contents": "Sweat gland\n\n\non the skin (via osmosis) to increase evaporative cooling. Secretion of sweat occurs when the myoepithelial cell cells surrounding the secretory glands contract. Eccrine sweat increases the rate of bacterial growth and volatilizes the odor compounds of apocrine sweat, strengthening the latter's acrid smell. Normally, only a certain number of sweat glands are actively producing sweat. When stimuli call for more sweating, more sweat glands are activated, with each then producing more sweat. Both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands participate in thermal (thermoregulatory) sweating, which", "id": "19633872" }, { "contents": "Gastric glands\n\n\ncells (oxyntic)). The chief cells are found in the basal regions of the gland and release a zymogen – pepsinogen, a precursor to pepsin. The parietal cells (\"parietal\" means \"relating to a wall\") are found in the walls of the tubes. The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid–the main component of gastric acid. This needs to be readily available for the stomach in a plentiful supply, and so from their positions in the walls, their secretory networks of fine channels called canaliculi can", "id": "4469530" }, { "contents": "Non-tropic hormone\n\n\non other cells that are not part of other endocrine gland. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a perfect example of this chain reaction. The reaction begins in the hypothalamus with a release of corticotropin-releasing hormone/factor (CRH/F; tropic). This stimulates the anterior pituitary and causes it to release Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; tropic) to the adrenal glands. Lastly, cortisol (non-tropic) is secreted from the adrenal glands and goes into the bloodstream where it can have more widespread effects", "id": "21633205" }, { "contents": "Skene's gland\n\n\nurethra. The Skene's glands are homologous with the prostate gland in males, containing numerous microanatomical structures in common with the prostate gland, such as secretory cells. Skene's glands are not, however, explicit prostate glands themselves. The two Skene's ducts lead from the Skene's glands to sites on the surface of the vulva, to the left and right of the urethral opening, from which they are structurally capable of secreting fluid. Although there remains debate about the function of the Skene's glands, one purpose is", "id": "15054809" }, { "contents": "Circumventricular organs\n\n\nbalance and water homeostasis. The pituitary gland is subdivided into two lobes, the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary (also known as the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis respectively). Each one functions as a separate endocrine organ, and both are circumventricular organs. The anterior pituitary contains non-neural secretory cells derived from oral ectoderm which are indirectly controlled by \"releasing hormones\" from the median eminence of the hypothalamus, through the hypophyseal portal circulation. The posterior pituitary consists of axonal projections that directly extend from cell bodies in the hypothalamus,", "id": "3258507" }, { "contents": "Granin\n\n\nGranin (chromogranin and secretogranin) is a protein family of regulated secretory proteins ubiquitously found in the cores of amine and peptide hormone and neurotransmitter dense-core secretory vesicles. Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of endocrine and neuro-endocrine cells. The exact function(s) of these proteins is not yet settled but there is evidence that granins function as pro-hormones, giving rise to an array of peptide fragments for which autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities", "id": "5765659" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\n. All releasing hormones (-RH) referred to, can also be referred to as releasing factors (-RF). Somatotropes: Corticotropes: Thyrotropes: Gonadotropes: Lactotropes: These hormones are released from the anterior pituitary under the influence of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic hormones are secreted to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary system, called the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system. There is also a non-endocrine cell population called folliculostellate cells. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes the following important endocrine hormone: The posterior pituitary stores", "id": "12836256" }, { "contents": "Eccrine sweat gland\n\n\n, odorless substance, sweat, consisting primarily of water. Eccrine glands are composed of an intraepidermal spiral duct, the \"acrosyringium\"; a dermal duct, consisting of a straight and coiled portion; and a secretory tubule, coiled deep in the dermis or hypodermis. The eccrine gland opens out through the sweat pore. The coiled portion is formed by two concentric layer of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells. The epithelial cells are interposed by the myoepithelial cells. Myoepithelial cells support the secretory epithelial cells. The duct of eccrine gland", "id": "15590211" }, { "contents": "Boris Babkin\n\n\nRoyal Society for \"\"his work on the digestive glands, conditioned reflexes and the cortical representation of autonomically innervated organs. He demonstrated that a) the three pancreatic enzymes are secreted in parallel, b) sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres innervate different cells in the salivary glands and c) histamine stimulates exclusively gastric parietal cells. His researches not only refuted Heidenhain's theory of \"secretory\" and \"trophic\" nerves but led to the conception of the elements of the digestive glands being activated by different nerves and hormones. Author of \"", "id": "13249493" }, { "contents": "Franz Leydig\n\n\nof those cells: only recently, have their endocrine nature and ultrastructure been fully understood. In addition to its historical importance, Leydig’s \"Lehrbuch\" is significant for his description of a large secretory cell, found in the epidermis of fishes and larvae amphibians. This mucous cell is unusual in that it does not pour secretion over the surface of the epithelium; Leydig believed that the cell function was to lubricate the skin, and the cell now bears his name. Leydig is also known for describing large vesicular cells that occur", "id": "9441368" }, { "contents": "Parietal cell\n\n\nParietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells) are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the cardia of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3", "id": "7899144" }, { "contents": "Digestive enzyme\n\n\nstomach: Secretion by the previous cells is controlled by the enteric nervous system. Distention in the stomach or innervation by the vagus nerve (via the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system) activates the ENS, in turn leading to the release of acetylcholine. Once present, acetylcholine activates G cells and parietal cells. Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland, in that it functions to produce endocrinic hormones released into the circulatory system (such as insulin, and glucagon), to control glucose metabolism, and also to", "id": "414833" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\n. The hormones which they produce help to regulate the functions of cells and tissues throughout the body. Endocrine organs are activated to release their hormones by humoral, neural or hormonal stimuli. Negative feedback is important in regulating hormone levels in the blood. The nervous system, acting through hypothalamic controls, can in certain cases override or modulate hormonal effects. Diseases of the endocrine glands are common, including conditions such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and obesity. Endocrine disease is characterized by irregulated hormone release (a productive pituitary adenoma", "id": "1154623" }, { "contents": "Serous demilune\n\n\nSerous demilunes, also known as Crescents of Giannuzzi or Demilunes of Heidenhain, are cellular formations in the shape of a half-moon (hence the name \"demilune\") on some salivary glands. Serous demilunes are the serous cells at the distal end of mucous tubuloalveolar secretory unit of certain salivary glands. These demilune cells secrete the proteins that contain the enzyme lysozyme, which degrades the cell walls of bacteria. In this way, lysozyme confers antimicrobial activity to mucus. The serous demilune is an artifact from traditional methods of preparing", "id": "14968094" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\nwhich act on a different cell type nearby. The ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of receptors, within the cell or on its plasma membrane, to which the hormone can bind. Hormone receptors are dynamic structures. Changes in number and sensitivity of hormone receptors may occur in response to high or low levels of stimulating hormones. Blood levels of hormones reflect a balance between secretion and degradation/excretion. The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones; breakdown products are excreted", "id": "1154621" }, { "contents": "Epsilon cell\n\n\nendocrine cells. A total of 36 genes are significantly enriched in ε-cells that aid in proteinase inhibition, processing of hormones, cell migration, and immune activity that differentiates them from α-, β-, δ- and PP-cells. Additionally, the secretory vesicles of ε-cells (110±3 nm) are much smaller than those of α-cells (185±7 nm). Unlike the other pancreatic islet cells, ε-cells also do not produce other pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon, homeostatic) and they do not", "id": "14502582" }, { "contents": "Endocrine bone disease\n\n\npromoting growth, increasing basal metabolic rate and controlling body temperature. Adequate iodine intake is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone. According to Payton R. G. et al., a common disorder of the thyroid gland is hypothyroidism, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue, anemia, difficulty concentrating, amenorrhea, bradycardia (low heart rate) and goiter. Another hormone that is secreted by Para follicular cells of the thyroid gland is calcitonin. Calcitonin works in", "id": "18546834" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\ncalcium levels. The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys in humans and in front of the kidneys in other animals. The adrenal glands produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. It controls the behaviour during crisis and emotional situations. It stimulates the heart and its conducting tissues and metabolic processes. The pancreas, located in the abdomen, below and behind the stomach, is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that release", "id": "1154616" }, { "contents": "Endocrine gland\n\n\na precursor to other thyroid hormones, which are manufactured within the colloid. The thyroid hormones increase the rate of cellular metabolism, and include thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Secretion is stimulated by the hormone TSH, secreted by the anterior pituitary. When thyroid levels are high, there is negative feedback that decreases the amount of TSH secreted. Most T4 is converted to T3 (a more active form) in the target tissues. Calcitonin, produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to rising", "id": "1154614" }, { "contents": "Folliculostellate cell\n\n\nA Folliculostellate (FS) cell is a type of non-endocrine cell found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Rinehart and Farquhar first discovered FS cells through electron microscopy of the anterior pituitary gland. Vila-Porcile named these non-endocrine cells \"folliculo-stellate\" cells in 1972 due to their stellate (star) shape, and their location lining the lumen of small follicules in the anterior pituitary. Unlike the majority of cells in the anterior pituitary, they are non-endocrine and agranular. They have", "id": "2701063" }, { "contents": "Endocrinology\n\n\n. The endocrine system consists of several glands, all in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a duct system. Therefore, endocrine glands are regarded as ductless glands. Hormones have many different functions and modes of action; one hormone may have several effects on different target organs, and, conversely, one target organ may be affected by more than one hormone. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system in the human body. This is a system of glands which secrete hormones", "id": "9277460" }, { "contents": "Sweat gland\n\n\nSweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands, , are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland, which are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. There are two main types of sweat glands that differ in their structure, function, secretory product, mechanism of excretion, anatomic distribution, and distribution across species: Ceruminous glands (which produce ear wax), mammary glands (which produce milk), and ciliary", "id": "19633856" }, { "contents": "Pituitary gland\n\n\nand secretes (but does not synthesize) the following important endocrine hormones: Magnocellular neurons: Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help control the following body processes: Some of the diseases involving the pituitary gland are: All of the functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones. The pituitary gland is important for mediating the stress response, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) Critically, pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress", "id": "12836257" }, { "contents": "Secretory component\n\n\nThe secretory component is a component of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Secretory component is a proteolytic cleavage product of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor which remains associated with dimeric IgA in sero-mucus secretions. Polymeric IgA binds to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and is taken up into the cell via transcytosis. The receptor-IgA complex passes through the cellular compartments before being secreted on the luminal surface of the epithelial cells, still attached to the receptor. Proteolysis of the receptor occurs and the dimeric IgA molecule", "id": "17037628" }, { "contents": "Negative feedback\n\n\n, the glucose levels in the blood may begin to rise dramatically, thus resulting in diabetes. For hormone secretion regulated by the negative feedback loop: when gland X releases hormone X, this stimulates target cells to release hormone Y. When there is an excess of hormone Y, gland X \"senses\" this and inhibits its release of hormone X. As shown in the figure, most endocrine hormones are controlled by a physiologic negative feedback inhibition loop, such as the glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex. The hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing", "id": "2037787" }, { "contents": "Kiss-and-run fusion\n\n\nif secretory vesicles were to temporarily establish continuity with the cell plasma membrane, expel a portion of their contents, then detach and reseal. Since porosomes are permanent structures at the cell plasma membrane measuring just a fraction of the secretory vesicle size, demonstrates that secretory vesicles \"transiently\" dock and establish continuity, as opposed to complete collapse. Rat pancreatic beta cells release neurotransmitters through kiss-and-run fusion. In endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, synaptic-like vesicles (SLVs) undergo kiss-and-run, but it", "id": "10776447" }, { "contents": "Carl Ludwig\n\n\nand apparatus he introduced to its service. Thus in regard to secretion, he showed that secretory glands, such as the submaxillary, are more than mere filters, and that their secretory action is attended by chemical and thermal changes both in themselves and in the blood passing through them. Ludwig demonstrated the existence of a new class of secretory nerves that control this action, and by showing that if the nerves are appropriately stimulated the salivary glands continue to secrete, even though the animal be decapitated, he initiated the method of experimenting", "id": "11504489" }, { "contents": "Parotoid gland\n\n\nof the Colorado River toad in 1976 found that the parotoid glands were \"composed of numerous lobules\", each of which is a separate unit with a lumen surrounded by a double cell layer. The cell layers have interlocking microvilli. The study found that the outer cell layer resembled smooth muscle cells, with some organelles hypothesised to \"function in some aspects of venom synthesis, active cellular transport and contraction in the discharge of the secretory product\". The inner layer was hypothesised to be \"involved in venom formation and release\"", "id": "1367624" }, { "contents": "HES1\n\n\ninhibits the expression of \"Ptf1a\", which controls exocrine cell differentiation, and Ngn3, which drives differentiation of endocrine cell types that will form the islets of Langerhans. The absence of \"Hes1\" in the developing intestine of mice promotes the increase of Math1 (a protein required for the production of intestinal secretory cell types), which leads to an increase of goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells. When \"Hes1\" is deleted in mouse and zebrafish, surplus goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells are made while few enterocytes are", "id": "20652279" }, { "contents": "Olfactory mucosa\n\n\nThe olfactory mucosa is located in the upper region of the nasal cavity and is made up of the olfactory epithelium and the underlying lamina propria, connective tissue containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, Bowman's glands and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The mucus protects the olfactory epithelium and allows odors to dissolve so that they can be detected by olfactory receptor neurons. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there", "id": "4233568" }, { "contents": "Non-tropic hormone\n\n\nNon-tropic hormones are hormones that directly stimulate target cells to induce effects. This differs from the tropic hormones, which act on another endocrine gland. Non-tropic hormones are those that act directly on targeted tissues or cells, and not on other endocrine gland to stimulate release of other hormones. Many hormones act in a chain reaction. Tropic hormones usually act in the beginning of the reaction stimulating other endocrine gland to eventually release non-tropic hormones. These are the ones that act in the end of the chain reaction", "id": "21633204" }, { "contents": "Metamorphosis\n\n\nMetamorphosis is iodothyronine-induced and an ancestral feature of all chordates. In insects growth and metamorphosis are controlled by hormones synthesized by endocrine glands near the front of the body (anterior). Neurosecretory cells in an insect's brain secrete a hormone, the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) that activates prothoracic glands, which secrete a second hormone, usually ecdysone (an ecdysteroid), that induces ecdysis. PTTH also stimulates the corpora allata, a retrocerebral organ, to produce juvenile hormone, which prevents the development of adult characteristics during ecdysis", "id": "789775" }, { "contents": "Head and neck anatomy\n\n\nthe teeth, other structures that aid chewing are the lips, cheeks, tongue, hard palate, soft palate, and floor of the mouth. Several glands of the endocrine system are found within the head and neck. Endocrine means that the secretion is used within the body. Endocrine glands are termed as ductless and release their secretions directly into the blood. The endocrine system is under the direct supervision of the nervous system, using the negative feedback principal of homeostasis, to create hormones which act as chemical instant messengers. The", "id": "11507923" }, { "contents": "Sweat gland\n\n\nare larger than eccrine glands, but smaller than apocrine glands. Their secretory portion has a narrow portion similar to secretory coils in eccrine glands as well as a wide section reminiscent of apocrine glands. Apoeccrine, found in the armpits and perianal region, have ducts opening onto the skin surface. They are presumed to have developed in puberty from the eccrine glands, and can comprise up to 50% of all axillary glands. Apoeccrine glands secrete more sweat than both eccrine and apocrine glands, thus playing a large role in axillary sweating", "id": "19633867" }, { "contents": "Gastric acid\n\n\n) in the gastric glands in the stomach. Its secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the hydrochloric acid is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, the acidity being maintained by the proton pump H/K ATPase. The parietal cell releases bicarbonate into the bloodstream in the process, which causes a temporary rise of pH in the blood, known as an alkaline", "id": "3993301" }, { "contents": "Holocrine\n\n\nHolocrine is a term used to classify the mode of secretion in exocrine glands in the study of histology. Holocrine secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen. Holocrine gland secretion is the most damaging (to the cell itself and not to the host which begot the cell) type of secretion, with merocrine secretion being the least damaging and apocrine secretion falling in between. Examples of holocrine glands", "id": "12014855" }, { "contents": "TAC4\n\n\nTachykinin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"TAC4\" gene. This gene is a member of the tachykinin family of neurotransmitter-encoding genes. Tachykinin proteins are cleaved into small, secreted peptides that activate members of a family of receptor proteins. The products of this gene preferentially activate tachykinin receptor 1, and are thought to regulate peripheral endocrine and paracrine functions including blood pressure, the immune system, and endocrine gland secretion. The products of this gene lack a dibasic cleavage site found in other tachykinin proteins.", "id": "19182189" }, { "contents": "SCGB1D2\n\n\nSecretoglobin family 1D member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"SCGB1D2\" gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the lipophilin subfamily, part of the uteroglobin superfamily, and is an ortholog of prostatein, the major secretory glycoprotein of the rat ventral prostate gland. Lipophilin gene products are widely expressed in normal tissues, especially in endocrine-responsive organs. Assuming that human lipophilins are the functional counterparts of prostatein, they may be transcriptionally regulated by steroid hormones, with the ability to bind", "id": "18669710" }, { "contents": "Salt gland\n\n\nThe salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and some reptiles. Sharks' glands are found in their rectum, birds' and reptiles' in or on the skull in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth. These glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center. Secretory tubules are lined with a single layer of epithelial cells. The diameter and length at which these glands", "id": "18481064" }, { "contents": "Blood\n\n\nproteinaceous component of blood (including clotting proteins) is produced predominantly by the liver, while hormones are produced by the endocrine glands and the watery fraction is regulated by the hypothalamus and maintained by the kidney. Healthy erythrocytes have a plasma life of about 120 days before they are degraded by the spleen, and the Kupffer cells in the liver. The liver also clears some proteins, lipids, and amino acids. The kidney actively secretes waste products into the urine. About 98.5% of the oxygen in a sample of arterial blood", "id": "3594546" }, { "contents": "Neuroendocrinology\n\n\nis the mechanism by which the hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, regulating reproduction, metabolism, eating and drinking behaviour, energy utilization, osmolarity and blood pressure. The endocrine system consists of numerous glands throughout the body that produce and secrete hormones of diverse chemical structure, including peptides, steroids, and neuroamines. Collectively, hormones regulate many physiological processes. Oxytocin and vasopressin (also called anti-diuretic hormone), the two neurohypophysial hormones of the posterior pituitary gland (the neurohypophysis), are secreted from the nerve endings of magnocellular neurosecretory cells", "id": "18224673" }, { "contents": "Metapleural gland\n\n\nMetapleural glands (also called metasternal or metathoracic glands) are secretory glands that are unique to ants and basal in the evolutionary history of ants. They are responsible for the production of an antibiotic fluid that then collects in a reservoir on the posterior of the ant's alitrunk. These reservoirs are also referred to as the bulla and vary in size between ant species and also between castes of the same species. From the bulla, ants can groom the secretion onto the surface of their exoskeleton. This helps to prevent the growth of", "id": "16402429" }, { "contents": "Plant secretory tissue\n\n\nutilized by the plant (resins, rubber, tannins, and various crystals), while others take part in the functions of the plant (enzymes and hormones). Secretory structures range from single cells scattered among other kinds of cells to complex structures involving many cells; the latter are often called glands. Epidermal hairs of many plants are secretory or glandular. Such hairs commonly have a head composed of one or more secretory cells borne on a stalk. The hair of a stinging needle is bulbous below and extends into a long", "id": "872117" }, { "contents": "Protonectarina\n\n\nmediated by these sensory compounds. Richardson's gland, a secretory gland found in the majority of wasps in the Epinonini tribe, produces organic signal molecules that travel from secretory cells to duct cells before being released into the air. \"P. sylveirae\" uses this gland to leave scent trails when traveling from the nest. Most social wasps act as generalists in the food webs of their ecosystem. They collect and consume nectar and exudates, but also prey upon other arthropods. \"P. sylveirae\" is also known to scavenge for animal", "id": "581874" }, { "contents": "Pylorus\n\n\ninto a common duct or mouth. These tubes are wavy, and are about one-half the length of the duct. The duct is lined by columnar cells, continuous with the epithelium lining the surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach, the tubes by shorter and more cubical cell which are finely granular. The glands contain mucus cells and G cells that secrete gastrin. The pylorus also contains scattered parietal cells and neuroendocrine cells. These endocrine cells including D cells, which release somatostatin. (Somatostatin is responsible for shutting", "id": "4784475" }, { "contents": "Neuroendocrinology\n\n\ninto the systemic circulation. The cell bodies of the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons are in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus, respectively, and the electrical activity of these neurons is regulated by afferent synaptic inputs from other brain regions. By contrast, the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland (the adenohypophysis) are secreted from endocrine cells that, in mammals, are not directly innervated, yet the secretion of these hormones (adrenocorticotrophic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone", "id": "18224674" }, { "contents": "Pancreas\n\n\nThe pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach. The pancreas is a gland, having both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function. As an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive system, it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice contains bicarbonate, which neutralizes acid entering", "id": "17478288" }, { "contents": "Hormone\n\n\nhormones. Thus, higher hormone concentration alone cannot trigger the negative feedback mechanism. Negative feedback must be triggered by overproduction of an \"effect\" of the hormone. Hormone secretion can be stimulated and inhibited by: One special group of hormones is the tropic hormones that stimulate the hormone production of other endocrine glands. For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) causes growth and increased activity of another endocrine gland, the thyroid, which increases output of thyroid hormones. To release active hormones quickly into the circulation, hormone", "id": "12947426" }, { "contents": "Cysteine-rich secretory protein superfamily\n\n\n, CRISP LCCL domain containing 1 (CRISPLD1), CRISP LCCL domain containing 2 (CRISPLD2), mannose receptor like and the R3H domain containing like proteins. Members are most often secreted and have an extracellular endocrine or paracrine function and are involved in processes including the regulation of extracellular matrix and branching morphogenesis, potentially as either proteases or protease inhibitors; in ion channel regulation in fertility; as tumour suppressor or pro-oncogenic genes in tissues including the prostate; and in cell-cell adhesion during fertilisation. The overall protein structural", "id": "19336218" }, { "contents": "Cephalic phase\n\n\nphase of secretion normally accounts for about 20 percent of the gastric secretion associated with eating a meal. Gastric secretion in response to sensory stimuli prepares the gastrointestinal tract for food processing. These cephalic phase responses are both innate and acquired. This enhanced secretory activity brought on by the thought or sight of food is a conditioned reflex. It only occurs when food is desired. When appetite is depressed this part of the cephalic reflex is inhibited. The cephalic phase induces ECL cells in the gastric glands to secrete histamine and increase HCl in", "id": "8591514" }, { "contents": "Salivary gland\n\n\nsituated between the lobes of the gland (called interlobar ducts or secretory ducts). These are found on most major and minor glands (exception may be the sublingual gland). All of the human salivary glands terminate in the mouth, where the saliva proceeds to aid in digestion. The saliva that salivary glands release is quickly inactivated in the stomach by the acid that is present, however saliva also contains enzymes that are actually activated by stomach acid. About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 60% of", "id": "171529" }, { "contents": "Plant cell\n\n\nsuch as the majority of the parenchyma cells in potato tubers and the seed cotyledons of legumes, have a storage function. Collenchyma cells – collenchyma cells are alive at maturity and have thickened cellulosic cell walls. These cells mature from meristem derivatives that initially resemble parenchyma, but differences quickly become apparent. Plastids do not develop, and the secretory apparatus (ER and Golgi) proliferates to secrete additional primary wall. The wall is most commonly thickest at the corners, where three or more cells come in contact, and thinnest where only", "id": "4408522" }, { "contents": "Endocrine system\n\n\nare neuroendocrine organs. There are many types of cells that comprise the endocrine system and these cells typically make up larger tissues and organs that function within and outside of the endocrine system. A hormone is any of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour. Hormones have diverse chemical structures, mainly of 3 classes: eicosanoids, steroids, and amino acid/protein derivatives (amines, peptides, and proteins). The glands", "id": "9277486" }, { "contents": "Plant secretory tissue\n\n\nThe tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar latex, and other substances in plants are called secretory tissues These tissues are divided into two groups- Cells or organizations of cells which produce a variety of secretions. The secreted substance may remain deposited within the secretory cell itself or may be excreted, that is, released from the cell. Substances may be excreted to the surface of the plant or into intercellular cavities or canals. Some of the many substances contained in the secretions are not further", "id": "872116" }, { "contents": "Zollinger–Ellison syndrome\n\n\nof single gastrinomas are malignant tumors that most commonly spread to the liver and to lymph nodes near the pancreas and small bowel. Nearly 25 percent of patients with gastrinomas have multiple tumors as part of a condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). MEN I patients have tumors in their pituitary gland and parathyroid glands, in addition to tumors of the pancreas. Gastrin works on the parietal cells of the gastric glands, causing them to secrete more hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen. In addition, gastrin acts as", "id": "3980468" }, { "contents": "Peng Loh\n\n\nwork in regulated secretory protein sorting in endocrine cells, protein processing and trafficking, mechanisms underlying the intracellular sorting of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters to the regulated secretory pathway, and key proteolytic events and enzymes involved in the processing of prohormones to biologically active peptides in the endocrine and nervous systems. Dr Loh has served as an academic advisor or editorial member for several journals: Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences (1995); Endocrinology (1997-2000); International Journal of Molecular Medicine (1997-); and Journal Molecular Neuroscience (2004-)", "id": "15436401" } ]

[ { "contents": "List of The Cosby Show characters\n\n\n\"The Cosby Show\" is an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from 1984 until 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York. \"Dr. Heathcliff \"Cliff\" Huxtable\" is known for his comical antics, playful admonishments, and relentless teasing humor. He lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York. Cliff had a brother, James Theodore Huxtable, who died of rheumatic fever at the age of", "id": "5361328" }, { "contents": "Lewis Morris (governor)\n\n\nwas again reinstated to the Council in the instructions to Governor Robert Hunter, with whom he had a good relationship. Sir William Cosby, who served as governor of New York and New Jersey (as did all governors beginning with Viscount Cornbury), showed little interest in New Jersey politics, started a feud with Morris because of a decision of the New York Supreme Court. Morris was Chief Justice, and wrote a dissenting minority opinion which Cosby found deeply offensive. Cosby recommended Morris' removal from the New Jersey Council on February", "id": "6205749" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\n, an opposition newspaper. This episode was significant both because it was the precursor to the Zenger trial and because it augmented Cosby's reputation for arbitrary, tyrannical rule. Meanwhile, Cosby secured an adequate salary for himself by refusing to call for new elections to the New York General Assembly. The grateful assemblymen willingly voted him five years of support. As a direct consequence of the removal of Lewis Morris, two political forces were consolidated: While these two parties did not include the whole of colonial New York's political spectrum,", "id": "4813185" }, { "contents": "Erika Cosby\n\n\nErika Ranee Cosby (born April 8, 1965) is a contemporary American painter and was an adjunct professor of Art at New York University (2012–2013). She is known as a daughter of philanthropist Camille Cosby and comedian Bill Cosby. Erika Cosby was born on April 8, 1965 in Los Angeles, California, the oldest of five children born to Camille Olivia (née Hanks) and William Henry Cosby, Jr. All five of the siblings' names began with E, for \"excellence.\" has two living siblings;", "id": "15202056" }, { "contents": "Cosby, Tennessee\n\n\nwho had lived there for generations had to find new homes and a new way of life. For much of the first half of the 20th century, Cosby was known to East Tennesseans as \"The Moonshine Capital of the World.\" Of Cosby's moonshiners, Smith recalled: So notorious did their activities become that I learned when I first went away from home that when I had to give my address as \"Cosby,\" I should be ready to say, \"Yes, they make it up there.\" Like", "id": "4045579" }, { "contents": "The Cosby Show\n\n\nThe Cosby Show is an American television sitcom co-created and starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on an upper middle-class black family living in Brooklyn, New York. \"The Cosby Show\" spent five consecutive seasons as the number-one rated show on television. \"The Cosby Show\" and \"All in the Family\" are the only sitcoms in the history of the Nielsen ratings to be the number-", "id": "6844875" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby Is a Very Funny Fellow...Right!\n\n\nBill Cosby is a Very Funny Fellow...Right! is the debut album release by Bill Cosby. It was recorded live at the nightclub The Bitter End in New York City's Greenwich Village during early 1963. The album includes three sketches about Noah. Sean Carruthers of AllMusic rated the album four-and-a-half stars out of five, saying that \"Those who only know Bill Cosby as an '80s television star and product pitchman don't know how truly funny and edgy he used to be when he first", "id": "10336079" }, { "contents": "Murder of Ennis Cosby\n\n\nflying to Los Angeles. The Cosby family received an outpouring of support from friends and the general public. Truckloads of flowers were delivered to the family's home in New York City, and strangers left flowers on the spot where the murder took place. U.S. President Bill Clinton, Vice President Al Gore and South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu personally called Bill Cosby to offer condolences. Within 36 hours of his death, the high number of calls asking how Cosby's memory could be honored prompted his family to form the Ennis William Cosby", "id": "9674289" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nII appointed Cosby as \"Captain General & Governor in Chief of the Provinces of New York, New Jersey and Territories depending thereon in America\". The interim governor, who would serve until Cosby arrived in America, was Rip Van Dam. Cosby arrived in New York City on 24 April 1732, bringing his wife, two of his daughters, and one of his sons. He assumed office on 7 August. At the time, New York had 50,000 inhabitants, but its port activity was booming with docks and shipyards.", "id": "4813181" }, { "contents": "Rita Cosby\n\n\nfor her “extraordinary journalism and exemplary service on behalf of her community.” The daughter of a Danish mother and a Polish father Richard Cosby (Ryszard Kossobudzki) who came to the United States after World War II, Cosby was born in Brooklyn, New York. She grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut, where she attended Greenwich High School and freelanced for the local paper. She earned her bachelor's degrees from the University of South Carolina. Cosby balanced college with a position at WACH-TV, the local FOX affiliate", "id": "19145301" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nconducted for an exposé on the lives of \"Playboy\" models, which was never published. After the allegations resurfaced in 2014, Wendy Williams recalled that during her radio show in 1990, she made a reference to sexual assault allegations against Cosby that had been published in the \"National Enquirer\". Williams said Cosby called her boss in the middle of the radio broadcast demanding that Williams be fired. On February 1, 2000, according to a statement provided by Detective Jose McCallion of the New York County District Attorney's Special", "id": "11884376" }, { "contents": "James Alexander (lawyer)\n\n\nthat same year made Attorney General of New Jersey. He frequently opposed the policies of New York Governor William Cosby and in 1732, Cosby succeeded in having Alexander removed from the Council. In 1733, Alexander started an anti-Cosby newspaper, the \"New York Weekly Journal\", with Peter Zenger as publisher. Alexander was the principal author of pieces critical of Governor Cosby. The following year, Zenger was arrested on sedition charges, but eventually a jury acquitted Zenger in one of the first instances of jury nullification. Alexander", "id": "4233339" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nabout his tactics in dealing with other women, including the use of \"powerful sedatives [including Quaaludes] in a calculated pursuit of young women\", according to a \"New York Times\" summary. The transcript of the full testimony was obtained by \"Times\" from a court-reporting service, where it was publicly available. The significance of the availability of Cosby's deposition from the Constand case is that plaintiffs in other cases against Cosby, such as Green, et al. defamation suit, might be allowed by", "id": "11884437" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nas late as November 2014 to award a degree to Cosby in 2015. However, as the Cosby controversy continued to unfold, there was an increasing movement to draw attention to sexual violence on college campuses, with growing criticism that the bureaucracy of higher education led to a culture where sexual crimes were not taken seriously. \"New York\" magazine referred to the movement in 2014 as a \"revolution against campus sexual assault.\" It became so prevalent that Vice President Joe Biden released an op-ed in 2015 to combat the", "id": "11884507" }, { "contents": "The Cosby Show\n\n\nthe father a limousine driver, who owned his own car, and the mother an electrician. With advice from his wife Camille Cosby, though, the concept was changed so that the family was well-off financially, with the mother a lawyer and the father a physician. Cosby wanted the program to be educational, reflecting his own background in education. He also insisted that the program be taped in New York City instead of Los Angeles, where most television programs were taped. The Huxtable home exterior was filmed at 10", "id": "6844885" }, { "contents": "Murder of Ennis Cosby\n\n\nSouthern California, Pennsylvania and New York City. He attended George School, a private boarding school outside Philadelphia, where he played football, basketball, lacrosse, and track and field. He suffered from undiagnosed dyslexia, which caused low grades and friction with his parents, one of whom had an Ed.D degree. Theo Huxtable, Bill Cosby's TV son on \"The Cosby Show\", was based on Ennis, and this was reflected in storylines with Theo struggling in school until he was diagnosed with dyslexia. It", "id": "9674281" }, { "contents": "Rita Cosby: Live & Direct\n\n\nRita Cosby: Live and Direct is a news/talk program which . Hosted by Rita Cosby, \"Rita Cosby: Live and Direct\" consisted of breaking news reports and rare interviews. It largely emphasized getting the \"big stories and exclusives\". Airing Monday through Thursday at 10pm ET, it also replayed in late night, at 1 a.m. ET. It originally aired at 9pm ET, and in that timeslot was the network's highest-rated program. Later, it switched time-slots with \"Scarborough", "id": "22210926" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nKing George II gave Cosby a land grant on 2 January 1734, of 22,000 acres on the Mohawk River, in what became Herkimer County, New York, and named Cosby's Manor later (19 February 1736). The grant, sold in 1772 to Philip Schuyler and four other proprietors, included the later sites of Utica and Schuyler, New York. Cosby was promoted to vice admiral on 29 September 1735, and to brigadier general on 30 November 1735, while serving as royal governor. The salaries of British colonial governors", "id": "4813182" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\n. De Lancey declined to reverse that decision. Although the Zenger case did not entirely put an end to prosecutions for seditious libel, it set a precedent for freedom of the press. Cosby died of tuberculosis on 10 March 1736, between 1 and 2 pm, in the Governor's House at Ft. George, today's Battery Park, New York City. First, he was buried in a vault at Ft. George's chapel (1736). But in 1788, his remains were moved to an unmarked grave at", "id": "4813192" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\npublicly named woman in the prior case, came forward with allegations in February 2005 that Cosby had drugged and assaulted her in the 1970s. Cosby's lawyer said that Cosby did not know her and that the events did not happen. In a July 2005 \"Philadelphia Daily News\" interview, Beth Ferrier, one of the anonymous \"Jane Doe\" witnesses in the Constand case, alleged that in 1984, Cosby had drugged her coffee and she awoke with her clothes partially removed. In 2005, Shawn Upshaw Brown, a woman", "id": "11884379" }, { "contents": "Denise Huxtable\n\n\n\" \"in a way that would bruise fewer egos.\" Additionally, Cosby's decision to cast Bonet in \"A Different World\" allowed \"viewers to explore the new environment through the eyes of a familiar character\". \"Strategic Reinvention in Popular Culture: The Encore Impulse\" author Richard Pfefferman agreed that Denise \"was at the perfect stage of development to star in a series of her own.\" Filming \"A Different World\" required Bonet to relocate from New York, where \"The Cosby Show\" was taped", "id": "17657637" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nmoney in exchange for their silence. When asked in his deposition whom he wished to keep the affair from, Cosby replied \"Mrs. Cosby\". In November 2014, former NBC facilities manager Frank Scotti told the \"New York Daily News\" that while working on \"The Cosby Show\", Cosby funneled regular payments to several women via money orders that Scotti was told to purchase in his own name. Among the women identified in receipts that Scotti preserved for more than 20 years were Shawn Thompson, Cosby's admitted mistress who", "id": "11884552" }, { "contents": "Uptown Saturday Night\n\n\nwit comedy. The film was met with mostly negative reviews. Stephen Klain of the Independent Film Journal wrote \"As he did in the previous film, Poitier had given himself relatively little to do as an actor, preferring to let the camera linger on Cosby, who lets all stops out.\" Richard Eder of \"The New York Times\" stated \"The movie's main strength is Bill Cosby, who looks like a starved sheep in wolf's clothing, as is shifty and woebegone at the same time.\" In", "id": "4819812" }, { "contents": "The New York Weekly Journal\n\n\nnewspaper in New York was the \"New-York Gazette\", and its printer, William Bradford, was a supporter of then New York Governor William Cosby. The Popular Party wanted to attack Governor Cosby, and the only other printer in New York was John Peter Zenger, who had come from Germany to America in 1697, went to New York in 1711, and worked with Bradford for eight years prior he started his own print business on Smith Street. Its first publications started on November 5, 1733. It has", "id": "16987925" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby\n\n\nthe college's football team. He began bartending at a Philadelphia club, where he would earn bigger tips by making the customers laugh. He then took his talent to the stage. Cosby left Temple to pursue a career in comedy. He lined up stand-up jobs at clubs in Philadelphia and then in New York City, where he appeared at The Gaslight Cafe beginning in 1961. He booked dates in cities such as Chicago, Las Vegas, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. In the summer of 1963, he", "id": "585458" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nher happened in New Jersey.\" On July 27, 2015, \"New York\" magazine's cover featured images of 35 women sitting in chairs with the last chair empty, suggesting there may be more victims who have not come forward yet. The 35 women told \"their stories about being assaulted by Bill Cosby, and the culture that wouldn't listen.\" Eleven other women known to \"New York\" who alleged sexual assault by Cosby declined to be photographed and interviewed for the feature. According to \"Vox\"", "id": "11884389" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nBrigadier-General William Cosby (1690–1736) was an Irish soldier who served as the British royal governor of New York from 1732 to 1736. During his short term as governor, Cosby was portrayed as one of the most oppressive royal placeholders in British Colonial America. In 1735, Cosby accused publisher John Peter Zenger of sedition and libel for publishing unflattering reports about Cosby. In spite of Cosby's efforts, Zenger was acquitted of all charges and the case helped to establish the concept of freedom of the press. William Cosby was", "id": "4813176" }, { "contents": "Rip Van Dam\n\n\nthis reason, Van Dam was suspended by Cosby, who issued this secret order during his deathbed. Therefore, Van Dam didn't assume the New York governorship after Cosby's decease (1736). Instead, the corresponding councilman George Clarke, who was of the royal party actually, did. Van Dam demanded the office and, when Clarke refused, the two of them called for respective council sessions. Van Dam was supported by the Chief Justice James DeLancey and his adherents were ready to use the weapons to defend Van Dam", "id": "14365945" }, { "contents": "Rita Cosby\n\n\n. After an internship working for Dan Rather on the CBS Evening News, Cosby found work as an anchor/reporter at KERO-TV in Bakersfield, California, and WBTV in Charlotte, North Carolina. From 1995 to 2005, Cosby worked at Fox News. At Fox, she hosted both \"The Big Story Weekend Edition with Rita Cosby\" and \"Fox News Live with Rita Cosby\". She has interviewed over twenty world leaders, conducting historic back-to-back interviews with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime", "id": "19145302" }, { "contents": "Erika Cosby\n\n\nfocuses on abstract pieces. Cosby was the recipient of a New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship in Painting. From 2009-2010, she was an artist in residence at the Abrons Arts Center, and was awarded a studio grant from The Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation in 2011. In 2012, she was included in Jayson Musson and Marilyn Minter's group show at the New York’s Family Business called \"It’s a Small, Small World.\" During 2012 and 2013, Cosby worked as an adjunct art professor at", "id": "15202059" }, { "contents": "Rita Cosby\n\n\ngrand jury. After receiving an exclusive letter from Timothy McVeigh, who carried out the Oklahoma City bombing, she was granted a rare meeting with Pope John Paul II to discuss death penalty issues. In 2005, Cosby moved to MSNBC to host a primetime weeknight show, \"Rita Cosby Live & Direct\". It became the network’s highest-rated show that year, and she did extensive reports for other NBC programs, including \"The Today Show\". She traveled for the network, originating live for several weeks from", "id": "19145305" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nand building his private fortune. Royal governors in British North America were seldom popular, but to some colonists, Cosby became a symbol of just how oppressive a royal governor could be. Cosby's political opponent Lewis Morris characterised Cosby's governorship as a reign of \"a God damn ye,\" underlining Cosby's indifference to the wishes and welfare of those he governed. Although Cosby's governorship was not a rewarding period for colonial New York, the struggles of the 1730s ultimately helped define the roles of the royal governor, the", "id": "4813194" }, { "contents": "Rita Cosby\n\n\n2007. The book has become a \"New York Times\" bestseller. \"Blonde Ambition\" gained the attention of members surrounding Anna Nicole Smith's estate, resulting in a civil lawsuit against Cosby and her publisher. Two years later the lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed. Part of the proceeds from the sale of the book support D.A.R.E.. In 2010, Cosby released a memoir, \"Quiet Hero: Secrets From My Father’s Past\". The book became a best-seller on several lists, including the New York Times,", "id": "19145309" }, { "contents": "Lenny Kravitz\n\n\nimpact on him. His relationship with his father became extremely strained. Kravitz focused on his music to help him get through this period. That year, Kravitz met actress Lisa Bonet backstage at a New Edition concert. Bonet worked on \"The Cosby Show\", the number one rated show on television. They were close friends for two years before falling in love. Like Kravitz, Bonet is half Black and half Russian Jewish. Kravitz moved back to New York City where \"The Cosby Show\" was produced in 1987,", "id": "4257057" }, { "contents": "John Peter Zenger\n\n\nJohn Peter Zenger (October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was an American printer and journalist in New York City. Zenger printed \"The New York Weekly Journal\". He was accused of libel in 1734 by William Cosby, the royal governor of New York, but the jury acquitted Zenger, who became a symbol for freedom of the press. In 1733, Zenger began printing \"The New York Weekly Journal\", in which the journal voiced opinions critical of the colonial governor, William Cosby. On November", "id": "3403255" }, { "contents": "The Cosby Mysteries\n\n\nThe Cosby Mysteries is an American television mystery series that starred Bill Cosby. It is the first television series to star Cosby since \"The Cosby Show\" (which ended in the spring of 1992) and lasted one season (1994–1995). Actor/comedian Mos Def appeared in several episodes (credited as Dante Bezé). Cosby played Guy Hanks, a New York City Police Department criminalist who retired from the force after winning $44 million in the lottery. His peaceful retirement was frequently interrupted by his former colleagues, Detective", "id": "1853260" }, { "contents": "Alan Raph\n\n\n, \"The Cosby Show\", \"Name That Tune\", \"The Godfather\", \"The Producers\", \"Midnight Cowboy\", \"Hamburger Hill\", \"Bananas\", \"Kundun\", \"Fog of War\", \"Secret Window\", and \"Taking Lives\". He was a professor at the Teachers College of Columbia University in New York City, as well as instructor and associate professor at Queens College of the City University of New York. He is the founder, music director,", "id": "13752958" }, { "contents": "New York Times Co. v. Sullivan\n\n\nhelped cement \"the free-speech traditions that have ensured the vibrancy of American democracy.\" In February 2019, the Supreme Court denied a petition brought by Katherine McKee, one of the women that accused Bill Cosby of sexual assault, which claimed that Cosby had leaked a letter that permanently damaged her reputation, and had sought civil action against Cosby on this matter. Lower courts rejected her case on the basis of \"New York Times Co.\", stating that she \"thrust herself to the forefront of a public controversy\"", "id": "12091359" }, { "contents": "John Peter Zenger\n\n\ncolonial governor William Cosby. On his arrival in New York City, Cosby had plunged into a rancorous quarrel with the council of the colony over his salary. Unable to control the colony's supreme court, he removed Chief Justice Lewis Morris, replacing him with James DeLancey of the Royal Party. Supported by members of the Popular Party, Zenger's \"New-York Weekly Journal\" continued to publish articles critical of the royal governor. Finally, Cosby issued a proclamation condemning the newspaper's \"divers scandalous, virulent, false", "id": "3403259" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nSt Paul Church's Cemetery, New York, together with the remains of the Earl of Bellomont, who served as New York governor between 1698 and 1701. George Clarke, the sitting lieutenant governor, assumed Cosby's office. He was a moderate loyalist of the Court Party, a former representative in the Provincial Council. He frustrated Van Dam's aspirations again, starting another political scandal. Nonetheless, Clarke received royal confirmation officially. Eighteenth-century observers believed that Governor William Cosby was motivated by two goals: defending British interests", "id": "4813193" }, { "contents": "Rita Cosby\n\n\nRita Cosby (born November 18, 1964) is a television news anchor and correspondent, radio host, and best selling author. She is currently a Special Correspondent for the CBS syndicated program \"Inside Edition\", specializing in interviewing newsmakers and political figures. Cosby has received three Emmy Awards, the Jack Anderson Award for investigative excellence, the Matrix Award, the Ellis Island Medal of Honor, and the Lech Walesa Freedom Award. October 11, 2010, was declared \"Rita Cosby Day\" in the State of New York", "id": "19145300" }, { "contents": "Andrea Constand v. William H. Cosby, Jr.\n\n\nleast one woman and other people. Cosby admitted knowing it was illegal at the time to dispense the drug to other people. Amar would later have his medical license revoked in California and New York. The judge ruled that releasing the sealed document was justified by Cosby's role as a \"public moralist\" in contrast to his possible criminal private behavior. On July 18, 2015, \"The New York Times\", having obtained the complete deposition from a court reporting service (hired by Constand) which had released the document", "id": "162256" }, { "contents": "The New York Weekly Journal\n\n\nThe New York Weekly Journal was a weekly journal, printed by John Peter Zenger, from November 5, 1733 to March 18, 1751. It was the second journal in New York City and the only one that criticized New York Royal governor William Cosby, for which reason the journal was burned in its first year and John Zenger was put in prison. Zenger was released without charges, this being one of the earliest cases where a fight for the freedom of press led to a victory in America. In 1733 the only", "id": "16987924" }, { "contents": "Lewis Morris (governor)\n\n\n5, 1735. In 1738, New Jersey petitioned the crown for a distinct administration from New York, and Lewis Morris served as Governor of New Jersey until his death in 1746. On March 16, 1715, Morris was appointed Chief Justice of New York. When William Cosby was appointed Governor of New York and New Jersey in 1732, his opponents were called \"Morrisites\" as Lewis Morris was a prominent critic. In 1733 Morris presided over the case of Cosby v. Van Dam. Although the case was decided in favor", "id": "6205750" }, { "contents": "Camille Cosby\n\n\nCamille and Bill Cosby Cleveland Football Classic\" in honor of their contributions to the school. In January 1987, the Cosbys donated $1.3 million to Fisk University. In November 1988, they donated $20 million to Atlanta's Spelman College, a women's college with a predominantly Black enrollment. According to \"The New York Times\", the gift was the largest donation to a black college in American history. The college has since named the five story 92,000 square foot Camille Olivia Hanks Cosby Academic Center after Cosby. A", "id": "6179203" }, { "contents": "Hannibal Buress\n\n\nin the allegations coming to light while impersonating Cosby during his 2015 Mark Twain Prize for American Humor acceptance speech, mockingly playing Cosby as threatening Buress' life. Buress is an atheist. After living in New York City, he moved back to his hometown of Chicago in 2017 and settled in its Wicker Park neighborhood. In December 2017, Buress was arrested in Miami for disorderly intoxication. Bystander footage of the arrest showed Buress mocking the police officers and demanding to know why he was being arrested. The arrest report revealed that Buress", "id": "2549206" }, { "contents": "Murder of Ennis Cosby\n\n\n, to ask for his phone number. Waters declined to give it to them, instead asking another close friend, \"Essence\" magazine publisher Ed Lewis, to be the one to tell Cosby. However, the police contacted the CBS studio which produced his new series, \"Cosby\", filmed in New York at Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens. Cosby was on set at the time when producer Joanne Curley-Kerner informed him of the death of his son. Los Angeles police later spoke with him and discouraged him from", "id": "9674288" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\ntrial start date for July 30, 2018. On October 6, 2015, Goins filed a lawsuit against Cosby. In her complaint, she stated that Cosby had assaulted her, causing her to suffer \"emotional distress\", \"psychiatric trauma\", and impairment of her education. Goins's lawyer, Spencer Kuvin, said his client's number-one priority was that the truth come out and Cosby be criminally prosecuted. Singer stated he would provide documentary evidence to the LAPD that established Cosby was in New York on August", "id": "11884459" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby\n\n\nof sexual assault allegations against Cosby became prominent. Cosby is a supporter of his alma mater, Temple University, particularly its men's basketball team, whose games Cosby frequently attended prior to his arrest. He is also a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity; he was initiated in the fraternity's Beta Alpha Alpha graduate chapter in White Plains, New York, in 1988. In 2016, Cosby's attorneys reported that he is now legally blind. In an April 2017 interview with the National Newspaper Publishers Association (an interview", "id": "585504" }, { "contents": "New-York Gazette\n\n\nhe was induced to move to New York in 1693 to become the public printer. He was in his 60s when he first issued the weekly \"Gazette\" in early November 1725, and he supported the provincial governor William Cosby upon which his livelihood depended. Public discontent with some of Cosby's actions (which the \"Gazette\" would not touch) led to the founding of a second newspaper in the province in 1733, \"The New York Weekly Journal\". The printer of that paper was Bradford's former apprentice John", "id": "9612163" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nwere always a contentious issue in eighteenth-century British America. When Cosby arrived in New York, he demanded that the acting governor, Van Dam, turn over half the salary he had received during his term to Cosby. Van Dam replied that he would not do so unless Cosby turned over half of the (presumably much larger) fees he had reaped from the office while in England. Cosby responded by taking Van Dam to court. Moreover, he insisted that the court proceed through equity jurisdiction, thus obviating the need", "id": "4813183" }, { "contents": "Erika Cosby\n\n\nsisters Erinn (born 1966), and Evin (born 1976). Her brother, Ennis Cosby (born in 1969), was murdered in 1997. A younger sister, Ensa Cosby (born in 1973), died of kidney disease in 2018. Following high school, Cosby attended Wesleyan University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1987. After Wesleyan, she attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City, earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1989. She then attended the University of California,", "id": "15202057" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby\n\n\n. Cosby has become an active member of The Jazz Foundation of America. Cosby became involved with the foundation in 2004. For several years, he has been a featured host for its annual benefit, A Great Night in Harlem, at the Apollo Theater in New York City. Cosby and his wife have collected over 300 works of African-American art since 1967. The works went on display in \"Conversations\", an exhibit at the National Museum of African Art in 2014. The show became controversial as the increasing number", "id": "585503" }, { "contents": "Mark Whitaker (journalist)\n\n\n, \"Cosby: His Life and Times,\" that received favorable reviews for its portrayal of the social impact of Cosby's work as a stand-up comedian and TV star, with insights into how he dealt with the 1997 death of his son, Ennis, who was murdered in a botched robbery. It also made several \"New York Times\" bestseller lists. But it came under scrutiny when, shortly after the book was released, dozens of women came forward accusing Cosby of sexual assault. While dealing with Cosby", "id": "9213773" }, { "contents": "Scott Rolle\n\n\nas an investigator and legal expert who looks into alleged conspiracies and unsolved mysteries around the world. Rolle has appeared on national television and radio programs such as \"Larry King Live\", \"The O'Reilly Factor\", \"Fox News Live with Rita Cosby\", CNN's \"Burden of Proof\" and others. He has been quoted in the \"Washington Post\", the \"Los Angeles Times\", and the \"New York Times\" as an expert on criminal defense and criminal law. Rolle resides in Frederick County", "id": "1820994" }, { "contents": "Jell-O\n\n\n124-episode run. Ball's character Liz Cooper often opened the program with the lively greeting \"jell-o everybody!\" Comedian Bill Cosby is associated with Jell-O and, more famously, Jell-O pudding, and he appeared in many commercials promoting both. Shows like \"Mad TV\", \"The Simpsons\" and \"Saturday Night Live\" parody Cosby, using Jell-O references like \"pudding pop\". In the 1960s, the cast of the sitcom \"Hogan's Heroes\" did a commercial with", "id": "16762202" }, { "contents": "Clair Huxtable\n\n\nthat the show's legacy remains significant \"to the Clair Huxtables of the world, both the real women she inspired and a generation of characters who owe a debt to her.\" Writing for \"Paste\", in 2014 Shannon M. Houston maintains that Clair remains beloved as a \"feminist hero\" by the same people who now try to disassociate themselves from both Cosby and \"The Cosby Show\". Kirthana Ramisetti of the \"New York Daily News\" agreed that Cosby \"can’t detract from Clair’s enduring legacy.", "id": "9073824" }, { "contents": "The Bill Cosby Show\n\n\nsubstitute teacher of algebra or English. Cosby was lauded for using some infrequently seen classic African-American performers such as Lillian Randolph (as Kincaid's mother) and Rex Ingram. Well known stars who rarely did television appeared as well, including Henry Fonda and veteran comedians Mantan Moreland and Moms Mabley as Kincaid's feuding uncle and aunt. The show's brass-heavy, funky theme song, \"Hikky Burr\" was written by Cosby and Quincy Jones, with Cosby providing the vocals. A new version of the theme was", "id": "16818803" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby\n\n\nremoved the series from its lineup. In July 2015, broadcast network Bounce TV pulled reruns, and BET's Centric (another Viacom unit) stopped airing reruns. In late 2014, Creative Artists Agency, Cosby's agency since 2012, dropped him as a client. On June 25, 2019, \"The New York Times Magazine\" listed Bill Cosby among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. Cosby has been the subject of highly publicized accusations of rape, drug-facilitated sexual assault,", "id": "585485" }, { "contents": "The New York Weekly Journal\n\n\ncontributions made anonymously by James Alexander, William Smith, and Lewis Morris. The journal targeted the new royal governor of New York, William Cosby, and his conduct. The journal was freely published for two months. On January 15, 1734, Cosby ordered public burning of the newspaper on Wall Street, close to City Hall, and also offered fifty pounds as reward for whom revealed the names of the \"Journal's\" authors. On November 17 John Peter Zenger was arrested under a warrant of the Council for printing seditious", "id": "16987926" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\ndepositions was not among them. Instead, \"The New York Times\" had been able to obtain the complete deposition from a court reporting service that had been hired by Constand's attorney and released the document to the general public. After it was discovered that the transcript of the deposition had been released, Cosby's lawyers filed a new motion in the case on July 21, 2015, asserting that Constand and Troiani may have orchestrated the release. In the court filing condemning the release of the deposition, Cosby's attorneys stressed", "id": "11884396" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Cambridge\n\n\nGodfrey MacArthur Cambridge (February 26, 1933 – November 29, 1976) was an American stand-up comic and actor. Alongside Bill Cosby, Dick Gregory, and Nipsey Russell, he was acclaimed by \"Time\" magazine in 1965 as \"one of the country's foremost celebrated Negro comedians.\" Cambridge was born in New York City on February 26, 1933, to Alexander and Sarah Cambridge, who were immigrants from British Guiana. His parents, dissatisfied with the New York Public School System, sent him to live", "id": "5427059" }, { "contents": "Carmen Finestra\n\n\nwhen he began writing for \"The Cosby Show\" in 1984, where he would remain until 1990, leaving the show as supervising producer. Finestra received two Emmy nominations as one of the producers of \"The Cosby Show\" and another Emmy nomination for co-writing an episode of the hit series. He also did three guest star appearances on \"The Cosby Show\" (episodes 4.12, 6.2 and 6.14). In 1991, Finestra became a writer and co-executive producer for \"Home Improvement\", capacities he", "id": "142865" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nthe conflict between them became one of the central axes of New York political life. Both parties were dominated by wealthy, land-owning clans, but the court party was more cosmopolitan than the country party, which focused on provincial economic development. In 1735-1736, Morris visited London to plead his case directly to the crown. He failed either to secure Cosby's dismissal as governor or to secure his own reappointment as chief justice. Nevertheless, Morris was ultimately appointed governor of New Jersey. In New York, the", "id": "4813186" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\ndeposition in which the comedian admitted to obtaining Quaaludes to give to women with the intention of having sex with them. The Mural Arts Program was already intending to remove the mural, but rapidly accelerated the removal due to pressure. On August 17, 2015, New York University's free 12-week film program for high school students cut all ties with Cosby. NYU had previously named the program \"William H. Cosby Future Filmmakers Workshop\". NYU has since removed Cosby's name from the Future Filmmakers program and deleted the webpage containing program", "id": "11884518" }, { "contents": "Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids\n\n\nFat Albert and the Cosby Kids is an American animated television series created, produced, and hosted (in live action bookends) by comedian Bill Cosby, who also lent his voice to a number of characters, including Fat Albert and himself. Filmation was the production company for the series. The show premiered in 1972 and ran until 1985 (with new episodes being produced sporadically during that time frame). The show, based on Cosby's remembrances of his childhood gang, centered on Fat Albert (known for his catchphrase \"", "id": "14162069" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nfor a jury. Equity proceedings were extremely unpopular in colonial America, especially if the equity courts were constituted without the colonial legislature's consent. Colonists saw them as a form of tyranny. Chief Justice Lewis Morris, aware of public opinion, dismissed Cosby's case on legal grounds on 9 April 1733. Cosby retaliated by removing Morris from office. He also dismissed Van Dam from the provincial council and named loyalist James De Lancey the new chief justice. Afterwards, Morris justified his decision in \"The New York Weekly Journal\"", "id": "4813184" }, { "contents": "George Clarke (governor)\n\n\nof William Cosby, serving until George Clinton arrived in 1743 to replace Cosby. Clarke then held the post of Lieutenant Governor until 1747. In 1741, Clarke was marginally involved in the suppression of the New York Conspiracy of 1741, a plot much-disputed by historians on the part of African slaves and poor white settlers to overthrow the colonial government by setting fires in New York City in March 1741. On his return journey to England, with the fortune he had amassed in America, he was captured by a French cruise", "id": "4813196" }, { "contents": "Media in New York City\n\n\nera, was used by the Marx Brothers and W.C. Fields, and has expanded its footprint in Queens. It has also been used for \"The Cosby Show\", \"Sesame Street\" and the films of Woody Allen. The recently constructed Steiner Studios is a 15-acre (61,000 m²) modern movie studio complex in a former shipyard where \"The Producers\" and \"The Inside Man\", a Spike Lee movie, were filmed. New York was, and to a certain extent still is, also important within the animation", "id": "17148894" }, { "contents": "Draddy Gymnasium\n\n\nDraddy Gymnasium is a 2,345-seat multi-purpose arena in the Bronx, New York. It is located on the campus of Manhattan College and is the home of the Manhattan Jaspers athletic teams including men's and women's basketball and women's volleyball. The building has the largest indoor track in New York City. It was named in the honor of alumnus Vincent dePaul Draddy. The Draddy Gymnasium was featured in Season 1 of \"The Cosby Show\" where Clifford Huxtable trains to get ready for a relay race rematch of former college", "id": "8532878" }, { "contents": "Censorship in the United States\n\n\nmilitary expedition to break up Morton's high-living.\" A celebrated legal case in 1734–1735 involved John Peter Zenger, a New York newspaper printer who regularly published material critical of the corrupt Governor of New York, William Cosby. He was jailed eight months before being tried for seditious libel. Andrew Hamilton defended him and was made famous for his speech, ending in, \"...nature and the laws of our country have given us a right to liberty of both exposing and opposing arbitrary power ... by speaking and writing truth", "id": "14994021" }, { "contents": "Lord Augustus FitzRoy\n\n\nAdmiral Vernon. the \"Orford\" had only a minor recorded role, in helping blockade the inner harbour of Surgidero. FitzRoy wrote a letter to the Duke of Richmond, dated 25 April 1741, regarding the failed attack on Fort San Lazare. Captain Lord Augustus FitzRoy met Elizabeth Cosby in 1733, when he visited New York. Her father, William Cosby, was the Governor of New York, and had welcomed Augustus to the city. They were married in March 1734. They had two children: Lord Augustus FitzRoy,", "id": "13644141" }, { "contents": "Andrea Constand v. William H. Cosby, Jr.\n\n\n\" witnesses in the Constand case, alleged that in 1984 Cosby drugged her coffee and she awoke with her clothes partially removed. After learning that charges were not pursued in the case, California lawyer Tamara Lucier Green, the only publicly-named woman in the prior case, came forward with allegations in February 2005 that Cosby had drugged and assaulted her in the 1970s. Cosby's lawyer said that Cosby did not know her and the events did not happen. On July 8, 2015, Andrea Constand and her attorney Dolores Troiani", "id": "162253" }, { "contents": "Raven-Symoné\n\n\nPearman. She has a younger brother, Blaize. As an infant, she worked for Atlanta's Young Faces Inc. Modeling Agency and was featured in local print advertisements. At age two, she worked with Ford Models in New York City and appeared in ads for Ritz crackers, Jell-O, Fisher-Price, and Cool Whip. At age three, her family moved to Ossining, New York where she attended Park School. In 1989, Pearman auditioned for a role in the Bill Cosby movie, \"Ghost Dad", "id": "17052084" }, { "contents": "Don Rickles\n\n\nlive at New York City's Apollo Theater, Jerry Seinfeld was the master of ceremonies for the two-hour special, with live monologues by Johnny Depp, Martin Scorsese, Robert De Niro, Jon Stewart, David Letterman, Tracy Morgan, Brian Williams, Regis Philbin, Amy Poehler, and Tina Fey. Recorded segments included bits from Bob Newhart, Bill Cosby, Jimmy Kimmel, and Eddie Murphy. He was still a frequent guest on late night talk shows, including \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\", \"The Tonight", "id": "19089671" }, { "contents": "Jane Summerhays\n\n\nJane Summerhays (born October 11, 1944 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American actress known for her work on stage, screen, and film. Her television credits include guest roles on \"One Life to Live\", \"All My Children\", \"Tales from the Darkside\", \"Working It Out\", \"The Cosby Mysteries\", \"New York News\", \"Law & Order\", \"Sex and the City\", and \"Ed\". Summerhays has also appeared in the", "id": "16523497" }, { "contents": "Rip Van Dam\n\n\nCosby reacted so Van Dam was dismissed off the governor council and Morris was ousted. Nonetheless, Morris' liberal party won the elections in that same year, against the royal party. In 1734, Van Dam's \"Heads of Articles of Complaint Against governor Cosby\" was published, at Boston, Massachusetts. Under the appellative of The Morrisites, the liberal party of New York aligned for Van Dam's claims, with his active participation. Oppositely, the royal loyalists, The Court Party, stood with Cosby. John Peter", "id": "14365943" }, { "contents": "Pilot (The Cosby Show)\n\n\nelements of Cosby's stand-up comedy routine. Rather than producing the show in Hollywood, the show was produced in New York City. During the 1983–84 United States television season, no sitcoms had finished in the top 10 in the rankings and only one sitcom (\"AfterMASH\") was renewed. As the networks battled to preempt each other's thunder for the 1984–85 United States television season, the Cosby Show became one of seven NBC shows (along with \"Punky Brewster\", \"Miami Vice\", \"Hunter", "id": "16004093" }, { "contents": "Autumn Jackson\n\n\nshe was doing constituted an extortion attempt. Jackson persisted, and sent Cosby a copy of the $25,000 contract she had negotiated with \"The Globe\" to sell her story. Cosby's lawyers contacted the FBI, who covertly contacted Jackson using the guise of a settlement agreement. Jackson was persuaded to come to New York for the purposes of a sting operation devised to gain proof of extortion on her part. Jackson was subsequently arrested on January 20, 1997. During the ensuing trial, Cosby was represented by attorneys Jack Schmidtt", "id": "16058553" }, { "contents": "Gerry Cosby\n\n\nGerard Finton David Cosby (May 15, 1909 in Roxbury, Massachusetts – November 26, 1996) was an American ice hockey player and businessman. Cosby played goaltender for the Massachusetts Rangers, the team that won the 1933 World Ice Hockey Championships, representing the United States of America. His outstanding performance (allowing one goal in five games) helped lead the United States to its first, and only, gold medal at the World Ice Hockey Championships. In the late 1930s, he played for the New York Rovers of the", "id": "20204791" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby in advertising\n\n\nAlfre Woodard, and Miss America Debbye Turner as spokespeople. Cosby continued to be a Jell-O spokesman through the 1990s. He was present for the lighting of the brand's first billboard in New York's Times Square in 1998. In 1999, Cosby's 25th year as spokesman for Jell-O, was also the final year he appeared in its advertising. The company distributed 120,000 copies of his picture book series, \"Little Bill\", into American public libraries. Despite the transitions of advertising agencies and the 1989", "id": "3624061" }, { "contents": "William Cosby\n\n\nbenefited from Cosby's dereliction, reorganising their Six Nations confederation as a powerful military threat. During Cosby's term in office, he granted \"extraordinary salaries\", either lifelong or for a stated term of years, to government officers or fellow royalists as rewards for loyal service. His authority to do so was limited by the general assembly. Those salaries were often cancelled as a result of the festering rivalry between the court and country parties. The \"New York Weekly Journal\" was an opposition newspaper, pro-colonist and", "id": "4813189" }, { "contents": "Robin Givens\n\n\nand Reuben Givens, who divorced when she was two. Her mother raised Givens and her sister Stephanie in Mount Vernon and New Rochelle, New York. Givens was raised Catholic. She graduated from New Rochelle Academy (a private school which closed in June 1987), and enrolled at Sarah Lawrence College at age 15. She graduated in 1984. She attended Harvard Medical School for two years, but did not graduate. Givens first began acting in 1985 with an appearance on \"The Cosby Show\", followed by roles in", "id": "18174442" }, { "contents": "Journey Back to Oz\n\n\nwas a failure in its theatrical release, it would find its audience in its television showings. Filmation sold the broadcast rights to ABC in 1976. By this time, Bill Cosby was in the midst of his success with Filmation's TV series \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids\", as well as starring in a new, but short-lived TV series for ABC. Filmation decided to expand and reformat the film to a Christmas television special. The film's theatrical running time was extended to include new live-action", "id": "4584397" }, { "contents": "Rip Van Dam\n\n\nRip Van Dam (1660 – 10 June 1749) was the acting governor of the Province of New York from 1731 to 1732. As one of the leaders of the republican liberal (or \"country\") party, Van Dam confronted the subsequent royal governor William Cosby. Rip Van Dam was born, about 1660, at Beverwyck, Albany, New York, where he was raised. He was the son of Maria Bords and Claes Ripse Van Dam, a middle class local socialite who traded through his carpentry business and operated", "id": "14365936" }, { "contents": "Gerry Cosby\n\n\nEastern League. He later served as a practice goaltender for the New York Rangers, New York Americans and Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League. In 1935 he was voted most valuable player while tending goal for the Wembley Lions in England. In 1936 he was invited to join the United States Olympic team but he was unable to accept. He also represented his country at the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where the Americans finished in seventh place. In 1938, he founded the successful sporting goods and", "id": "20204792" }, { "contents": "Larry Mendte\n\n\nCosby. In June 2015, Mendte was hired by iHeartMedia in Delaware, as the morning talk show anchor for WILM-AM in Wilmington, Delaware and WDOV-AM in Dover, Delaware. The Larry Mendte Show was heard from 5:30 to 9 am in both markets. After helping change the format from news to talk and increasing the morning ratings, Mendte returned to WABC in New York in October 2016. Mendte received acclaim for a series of reports he did on the eternal flame, a tribute to American veterans, in", "id": "19145763" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nsexual relations with and admitted that he had given the drug to at least one woman and other people. Cosby admitted knowing it was illegal at the time to dispense the drug to other people. Amar would later have his medical license revoked in California and New York; he died in 2002. On December 30, 2015, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Cosby was charged with three counts of aggravated indecent assault on Constand as a result of a single incident alleged to have occurred at his home in Cheltenham Township on an unspecified", "id": "11884399" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nbrand them as unreliable liars.\" In an account from \"The New York Times\", Ruehli has dropped her lawsuit without prejudice as of June 24, 2016. On December 22, 2015, McKee, a former girlfriend of the late entertainer Sammy Davis Jr., sued Cosby for defamation over claims he and his attorney made about her allegation of being raped by Cosby in a Detroit hotel room in the early 1970s. Judge Mastroianni dismissed the lawsuit on February 16, 2017, on the basis of the landmark Supreme Court case", "id": "11884464" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nThe University of Pittsburgh, Drew University, California State University, City University of New York, Swarthmore College, Boston University, Occidental College, Oberlin College, Haverford College, University of Pennsylvania, Wilkes University, and Yale University. A number of universities and educational institutions emphasized that they conferred honorary degrees on Cosby based on information known at the time of the award, and while some said they deplored recent revelations about Cosby's conduct, they lacked a policy or mechanism for revoking the honor. Other colleges refused comment, or", "id": "11884528" }, { "contents": "George B. Cosby\n\n\nUnited States Military Academy at West Point, New York. He was assigned as a brevet Second Lieutenant to the U.S. Mounted Riflemen Regiment on July 1, 1852 and was appointed a full Second Lieutenant on September 16, 1852. Cosby was wounded fighting Native Americans (Indians) at Lake Trinidad, Texas on May 9, 1854. Cosby transferred to the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment on March 3, 1855. He was promoted to First Lieutenant on May 1, 1856 and to captain on May 8, 1861. He taught cavalry", "id": "19876780" }, { "contents": "Cosby\n\n\nWerner Company, her first being \"Oh Madeline\" (based on the British sitcom \"Pig in the Middle\") in 1983. Cosby portrayed grumpy Hilton Lucas, a New York City man forced into early retirement from his job as an airline customer service agent. His wife Ruth was again played by Phylicia Rashad. Initially, Telma Hopkins was cast as Ruth Lucas; however, she was recast after she reacted poorly to Cosby's tendency to ad lib. The couple had one daughter, Erica Lucas, initially portrayed by", "id": "3638159" }, { "contents": "Lisa Vidal\n\n\nwith parts in shows such as \"The Cosby Show\". From 1994–1995, Vidal appeared in \"New York Undercover\" in a recurring role as a reporter named Carmen. In the series she was sister to Det. Eddie Torres, played by Michael DeLorenzo. In 1995, she did some Off-Broadway and worked in \"The Commish\". Vidal has also appeared in number of films, such as \"Odd Girl Out\" (2005), \"Naughty or Nice\" (2004); \"Chasing Papi\"", "id": "8694400" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\n, Beth Ferrier, one of the anonymous \"Jane Doe\" witnesses in the Constand case, alleged that in 1984 Cosby drugged her coffee and she awoke with her clothes partially removed. After learning that charges were not pursued in the case, Green, the only publicly named woman in the prior case, came forward with allegations in February 2005 that Cosby had drugged and assaulted her in the 1970s. Cosby's lawyer said that he did not know her and the events did not happen. It was revealed in 2018, in", "id": "11884440" }, { "contents": "24th Golden Raspberry Awards\n\n\nThe Cat in the Hat\" and \"From Justin to Kelly\", a remake of \"Where the Boys Are\" inspired by the television series \"American Idol\". As with Bill Cosby on the 8th Golden Raspberry Awards and Tom Selleck on the 13th Golden Raspberry Awards, respectively, Ben Affleck did not attend the ceremony, he later not giving the Worst Actor trophy on the radio, and buy/accept the award on \"Larry King Live\" and the Razzie trophy used to rent the Ivar Theater for the 25th", "id": "6014229" }, { "contents": "Slide Hampton\n\n\n\" an episode of \"The Cosby Show\". He also played the trombone in \"Diana Ross Live! The Lady Sings... Jazz & Blues: Stolen Moments\" (1992) DVD. On June 4, 2006, Hampton promoted his first concert at The Tribeca PAC in New York City (a tribute to Antonio Carlos Jobim) and debuted the Slide Hampton™ Ultra Big Band. The concert was the first of many planned for the near future. Hampton has been a resident of East Orange, New Jersey. 2009", "id": "18343716" }, { "contents": "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\n\n\nsexual assault allegations that fall beyond those legal deadlines. Old accusations may lead investigators to more recent incidents with other victims\" and Goins would be allowed to testify if charges were laid in any other (more recent) cases. Cosby's former attorney Martin Singer has stated he would provide documentary evidence to the Los Angeles police that established Cosby was in New York on August 9, 2008, the date of the incident alleged by Goins. On January 6, 2016, the Los Angeles District Attorney's office announced that no charge", "id": "11884412" }, { "contents": "Andrea Constand v. William H. Cosby, Jr.\n\n\nyet the Defendant admitted to nothing more than being one of the many people who introduced Quaaludes into their consensual sex life in the 1970s\". Cosby's lawyers further contended that a court reporting service hired by Constand had released the 2005 court transcript to the \"New York Times\", days earlier, in a 'massive breach of protocol'. The court reporters' code of ethics prohibits the release of testimony without all parties first being contacted. Cosby also made further accusations that Constand had violated the confidentiality agreement, referring to", "id": "162258" }, { "contents": "Clair Huxtable\n\n\nin New York City, specifically as a Legal Aid attorney. She occasionally represents her own children in legal disputes, for example helping Theo successfully obtain a refund for several unwearable T-shirts purchased from an untrustworthy salesman. Similarly, Clair defends Sondra when a dishonest mechanic attempts to scam her. Clair was created for \"The Cosby Show\" by series creator, comedian Bill Cosby. Cosby originally pitched a series about a detective who solves crime using his wit and humor; Clair's earliest incarnation resembled his character's girlfriend,", "id": "9073762" }, { "contents": "The Cosby Mysteries\n\n\nCosby wanted to make an intelligent, character-driven mystery series that did not rely on graphic violence. The show began in January 1994 as a two-hour movie, and regular episodes began airing on NBC in September. Critics expressed hope that \"The Cosby Mysteries\" would fare better than Cosby's previous two ventures, \"Here and Now\" and the game-show remake, \"You Bet Your Life\". \"The Cosby Mysteries\" only lasted 18 episodes. \"The Cosby Mysteries\" has been re-", "id": "1853262" } ]

[ { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nNazified Christmas songs, which replaced Christian themes with the regime's racial ideologies.\" As Christmas celebrations began to be held around the world even outside traditional Christian cultures in the 20th century, some Muslim-majority countries subsequently banned the practice of Christmas, claiming it undermines Islam. Christmas Day is celebrated as a major festival and public holiday in countries around the world, including many whose populations are mostly non-Christian. In some non-Christian areas, periods of former colonial rule introduced the celebration (e.g. Hong Kong)", "id": "6416649" }, { "contents": "Culture of Lebanon\n\n\nnational holidays and both Christian and Muslim holidays. Christian holidays are celebrated following both the Gregorian Calendar and Julian Calendar. Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Catholics, Protestant, and Melkite Christians follow the Gregorian Calendar and thus celebrate Christmas on 25 December. Armenian Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas on 6 January, as they follow the Julian Calendar. Muslim holidays are followed based on the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslim holidays that are celebrated include Eid al-Fitr (the three-day feast at the end of the Ramadan month), Eid al", "id": "19328" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\npopular. In China, December 25 is not a legal holiday. However, it is still designated as a public holiday in China's special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, both former colonies of Western powers with nominal Christian cultural heritage. In the mainland, the small percentage of Chinese citizens who consider themselves Christians unofficially, and usually privately, observe Christmas. Many other individuals celebrate Christmas-like festivities even though they do not consider themselves Christians. Many customs, including sending cards, exchanging gifts, and hanging stockings", "id": "13651564" }, { "contents": "Christmas controversies\n\n\n. Under the state atheism of the former Eastern Bloc, Christmas was banned, along with other Christian holidays. The League of Militant Atheists organized alternate festivals \"specifically to denigrate religious holidays\" in the USSR. In the United States, some atheists may choose to celebrate Christmas fully, while others celebrate only portions of the holiday, and others reject it completely. Some atheist groups who oppose the celebration of Christmas have established alternate celebrations to the Christian observance of Christmas, such as HumanLight. In China, which is officially an", "id": "11781329" }, { "contents": "Lebanon\n\n\nrole in the production of information in the Arab world and is \"at the core of a regional media network with global implications\". Lebanon celebrates national and both Christian and Muslim holidays. Christian holidays are celebrated following both the Gregorian Calendar and Julian Calendar. Greek Orthodox (with the exception of Easter), Catholics, Protestants, and Melkite Christians follow the Gregorian Calendar and thus celebrate Christmas on 25 December. Armenian Apostolic Christians celebrate Christmas on 6 January, as they follow the Julian Calendar. Muslim holidays are followed based on", "id": "17865507" }, { "contents": "Christmas dinner\n\n\nthe most important Filipino Christian holiday of the year. Most families prefer to exchange Christmas presents right after the dinner, in contrast to the Western custom of opening presents on Christmas morning. In Austria, Christmas Eve is the celebration of the end of the pre-Christmas fast Christmas is usually celebrated by only Christian a s. Christmas Eve is historically the day that the tree is decorated and lit with real candles, so that the Christkindl may visit. Christmas Day is a national holiday in Austria and most Austrians spend the day feasting", "id": "16997869" }, { "contents": "Culture of the United States\n\n\nalliance with the despot.\" The United States observes holidays derived from events in American history, Christian traditions, and national patriarchs. Thanksgiving is the principal traditionally American holiday. It evolved from the English Pilgrim's custom of giving thanks for one's welfare. Thanksgiving is generally celebrated as a family reunion with a large afternoon feast. Christmas Day, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, is widely celebrated and a federal holiday, though a fair amount of its current cultural importance is due to secular reasons. European colonization has led", "id": "684293" }, { "contents": "Finland\n\n\nper capita consumption of milk, at about per day, even though 17% of the Finns are lactose intolerant. All official holidays in Finland are established by Acts of Parliament. Christian holidays include Christmas, New Year's Day, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension Day, Pentecost, Midsummer Day (St. John's Day), and All Saints' Day, while secular holidays include May Day, Independence Day, New Year's Day, and Midsummer. Christmas is the most extensively celebrated, and at least 24 to 26 December", "id": "10375833" }, { "contents": "Saving Christmas\n\n\ntried to \"take the holiday away\" and that Santa Claus is a Christian. Cameron also criticizes fundamentalist Christians who have politicized the holiday by tying the celebration to pagan traditions and making accusations that the holiday has become too tied to materialism. The film switches to its main narrative, in which Cameron attends a Christmas party at his sister's house. There, he notices that his brother-in-law, Christian, is not celebrating like the other guests. When asked why, Christian tells Cameron that he feels the", "id": "4234201" }, { "contents": "Christmas in Ukraine\n\n\nBeginning 2017, Ukrainian Christmas festivities start on Christmas Eve, which is celebrated on 24 December following the Gregorian calendar in official use in the Western Christian communities of Ukraine. The Christmas celebrations end on 19 January, the date of \"Jordan\" or Epiphany in the Julian calendar. Both the December 25 Western Christianity Christmas Day and the January 7 Christmas Day of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Ukrainian Greek Catholic Churches following the Julian Calendar, are public holidays in Ukraine. With these two holiday dates the Ukrainian Christmas period lasts for an", "id": "3743379" }, { "contents": "Christianity in India\n\n\n. India ranks 15 among countries with highest church attendance. Religious processions and carnivals are often celebrated by Catholics. Cities with significant Christian populations celebrate patron saint days. As in other parts of the world, Christmas is the most important festival for Indian Christians. Anglo-Indian Christmas balls held in most major cities form a distinctive part of Indian Christian culture. Good Friday is a national holiday. All Souls Day is another Christian holiday that is observed by most Christians in India. Most Protestant churches celebrate harvest festivals, usually in", "id": "10382787" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nstate atheism of the Soviet Union, after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations—along with other Christian holidays—were prohibited in public. During the 1920s, '30s, and '40s, the League of Militant Atheists encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions, such as the Christmas tree, as well as other Christian holidays, including Easter; the League established an antireligious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement. At the height of this persecution, in 1929, on Christmas Day, children", "id": "6416647" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Japan\n\n\noften double this figure. The celebration of selected Christian holidays has gained popularity in Japan since the Second World War – primarily as commercial events, but with also an emphasis on sharing time with loved ones, either significant others or close family. Except in Japan's minority Christian communities, Easter is not typically marked by any special form of celebration. Christmas in Japan is celebrated on a much larger scale as a commercial and secular festival, but again is not an official public holiday. Christmas lights, Santa Claus, parties,", "id": "4149869" }, { "contents": "Noel Baba\n\n\nNoel Baba (Father Noel) is the Turkish version of Père Noël, which is a widely celebrated figure for New Year celebrations, substituting Christmas Holiday in predominantly Christian countries. Noel Baba is the bearer of gifts to children and adults alike for the New Year. Just like the Christian Christmas Holiday celebrated in predominantly Christian countries in Turkey, he is expected to leave his gifts under a pine tree called New Year Tree for the New Year eve. For this purpose, he does not represent a religious persona but merely a secular", "id": "14424153" }, { "contents": "Armenians in Turkey\n\n\nCatholicos of All Armenians. The Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Constantinople is based in Istanbul and in 2008 reported 3,650 followers. Armenians celebrate Christmas at a date later than most of the Christians, on 6 January rather than 25 December. The reason for this is historical; according to Armenians, Christians once celebrated Christmas on 6 January, until the 4th century. 25 December was originally a pagan holiday that celebrated the birth of the sun. Many members of the church continued to celebrate both holidays, and the Roman church changed the date", "id": "9740374" }, { "contents": "Twelve Days of Christmas\n\n\nthe Feast of the Theophany. Within the Twelve Days of Christmas, there are celebrations both secular and religious. Christmas Day, if it is considered to be part of the Twelve Days of Christmas and not as the day preceding the Twelve Days, is celebrated by Christians as the liturgical feast of the Nativity of the Lord. It is a public holiday in many nations, including some where the majority of the population is not Christian. On this see the articles on \"Christmas\" and \"Christmas traditions\". 26 December", "id": "12329766" }, { "contents": "Christmas in Romania\n\n\nChristmas in Romania () is a major annual celebration, celebrated on 24/25 of December, as in most countries of the Christian world. The observance of Christmas was introduced once with the Christianization of Romania but it was then interrupted during the Communist period (1948—1989), as concepts as religion, Jesus Christ or the Church were banned. In the post-communist Romania, Christmas started being celebrated again more festively. The Christmas and holiday season starts officially on November 30, on Saint Andrew's day and ends on January 7", "id": "10841184" }, { "contents": "Chrismukkah\n\n\nChrismukkah is a pop-culture portmanteau neologism referring to the merging of the holidays of Christianity's Christmas and Judaism's Hanukkah. The term was popularized beginning in December 2003 by the TV drama \"The O.C.\", wherein character Seth Cohen creates the holiday to signify his upbringing in an interfaith household with a Jewish father and Protestant mother (although the holiday can also be adopted by all-Jewish households who celebrate Christmas as a secular holiday). Chrismukkah is also celebrated as an ironic, alternative holiday, much like the \"", "id": "2142727" }, { "contents": "Public holidays in Moldova\n\n\nOld new Year's Day. As of 2009, the holiday season now officially begins with Western Christmas on December 25, now a legal holiday in the Republic of Moldova. The holiday seasons gets underway much earlier with the official lighting of the Chisinau town Christmas tree at the end of November or very beginning of December when other than Christmas, some locals celebrate Winter solstice, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa. \"Summer holiday season\" traditionally (though unofficially) starts in May with celebrations of anniversary of most important localities (Bălţi -", "id": "419170" }, { "contents": "Public holidays in Singapore\n\n\nday on 10 Zulhijah) are celebrated. As for the Christians, the two Christian holidays of Good Friday and Christmas Day (25 December) are celebrated. These public holidays have been recognised since Singapore's 1966 Holidays Act. There are generally 11 public holidays a year. However, due to the differences between the Islamic calendar and the Gregorian calendar, Hari Raya Aidil Fitri and Hari Raya Aidil Adha are respectively celebrated twice in a Gregorian calendar year every 32 or 33 years. This occurred in 1968 and 2000 for Hari Raya", "id": "20872045" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Australia\n\n\ninclude: The Parliamentary Christian Fellowship, also known as the Parliamentary prayer group, is a gathering of Christian politicians in the Australian parliament, who hold prayer sessions on Monday nights in Parliament House, Canberra. The Christian festivals of Christmas and Easter are marked as public holidays in Australia. The Christian festival of Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. As in most Western nations, Christmas in Australia is an important time even for non-religious people and is generally celebrated on 25 December. Churches of the Western Christian tradition hold", "id": "16456093" }, { "contents": "Syrian Americans\n\n\nwear a \"hijab\", which is a headscarf worn by Muslim and orthodox Christian women to cover their hair. There are various styles of \"hijab\". Syrian Americans celebrate many religious holidays, with Christian Syrian Americans celebrating most of the Christian holidays that are already celebrated in the United States, but in addition to a few others or at different times. For example, They celebrate Christmas and Easter, but since most Syrians are Eastern Orthodox, they celebrate Easter on a different Sunday from most other Americans, and various", "id": "11586500" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nDecember 25, and which is also the date of Christmas among Western Christians. A further complication is added by the fact that the Armenian Apostolic Church continues the original ancient Eastern Christian practice of celebrating the birth of Christ not as a separate holiday, but on the same day as the celebration of his baptism (Theophany), which is on January 6. This is a public holiday in Armenia, and it is held on the same day that is internationally considered to be January 6, because the Armenian Church in Armenia uses", "id": "6416696" }, { "contents": "Little Christmas\n\n\nLittle Christmas (), also known as Old Christmas, is one of the traditional names among Irish Christians and Amish Christians for 6 January, which is also known more widely as the Feast of the Epiphany, celebrated twelve days after Christmas Day. It is the traditional end of the Christmas season and until 2013 was the last day of the Christmas holidays for both primary and secondary schools in Ireland. Owing to differences in liturgical calendars, as early as the fourth century, the churches of the eastern Roman Empire were celebrating Christmas", "id": "13777490" }, { "contents": "Christmas Eve\n\n\nChristmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus. Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society. Christmas celebrations in the denominations of Western Christianity have long begun on the night of the 24th, due in part to the Christian liturgical day starting at sunset, a practice inherited from Jewish", "id": "1454" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Malaysia\n\n\nwas extended, making it appear doubtful that only Christians viewed the film. Actual modes of worship such as the liturgy used and the sermons are not actively censored or controlled by the government. Occasional surveillance of worship by clandestine operatives does occur. It has been reported that several public secondary schools and universities have unofficially banned on-campus Christian activities, such as Christian Fellowship (CF). Christmas is a public holiday in Malaysia, though much of the public celebration is commercial in nature and has no overt religious overtones. Occasionally", "id": "3987979" }, { "contents": "Christmas and holiday season\n\n\nas Santa Claus and Frosty the Snowman, are on display in addition to overtly Christian displays of the nativity. Public holiday celebrations similarly range from midnight mass to Christmas tree lighting ceremonies and participation in the Little Drummer Boy Challenge. The precise definition of feasts and festival days that are encompassed by the Christmas and holiday season has become controversial in the United States over recent decades. While in other countries the only holidays included in the \"season\" are Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, St. Stephen's Day/Boxing Day, New", "id": "640006" }, { "contents": "Christmas and holiday season\n\n\nspeaking countries, starting a few weeks before Christmas (December 25) each year. Variations are: These greetings and their equivalents in other languages are popular not only in countries with large Christian populations, but also in the largely non-Christian nations of China and Japan, where Christmas is celebrated primarily due to cultural influences of predominantly Christian countries. They have somewhat decreased in popularity in the United States and Canada in recent decades, but polls in 2005 indicated that they remained more popular than \"happy holidays\" or other alternatives", "id": "640034" }, { "contents": "Satanic holidays\n\n\nritual days\". According to the Ontario Consultants for Religious Tolerance, some authors appear to lack major direct knowledge of Satanism, often making claims without citation or substantiation. In \"The Edge of Evil\" \"Grand High Climax\" is said to be a major holiday celebrated by Satanists on December 24. Evangelical Christian author Jerry Johnston writes in this book that it is a celebration meant to juxtapose the Christian holiday of Christmas Eve, when the birth of Jesus Christ is celebrated. However this goal to blaspheme is not always prevalent", "id": "21067980" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Malaysia\n\n\nChristmas'\" as they are \"joyous songs for the festival.\" Lee Min Choon, legal adviser to the CFM and the National Evangelical Christian Fellowship issued a statement which said \"It means that churches can celebrate Christmas as they have been doing all along. Otherwise, the very meaning of the occasion will be lost.\" \"Now, everybody should take the government at its word and celebrate Christmas the way they normally celebrate and express their religious faith.\" Good Friday is not a federal public holiday, but is", "id": "3987983" }, { "contents": "Christmas and holiday season\n\n\nthe anticipatory lead-up to Christmas Day grew in America and Europe into the 19th and 20th centuries, the term \"Christmas season\" began to become synonymous instead with the traditional Christian Advent season, the period observed in Western Christianity from the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day until Christmas Day itself. The term \"Advent calendar\" continues to be widely known in Western parlance as a term referring to a countdown to Christmas Day from the beginning of December. Beginning in the mid-20th century, as the Christian-associated Christmas holiday and", "id": "639995" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Australia\n\n\nChristmas Day services on this day but most churches of Eastern Christian tradition – Ethiopian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox or the Armenian Church celebrate Christmas on 6 or 7 January. Both Christmas Day and 26 December (Boxing Day) are public holidays throughout Australia. Although Christmas in Australia is celebrated during the Southern Hemisphere summer, many Northern Hemisphere traditions are observed in Australia – families and friends exchange Christmas cards and gifts and gather for Christmas dinners; sing songs about snow and sleighbells; decorate Christmas trees; and tell stories of Santa Claus.", "id": "16456094" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\nor gold. For the Three Wise Men gave Baby Jesus Gold for his future. Christmas is a widely celebrated festive holiday in the United States, and Christmas Day is officially recognized as a federal holiday by the US Government. The Christmas and holiday season begins around the end of November with a major shopping kickoff on Black Friday, the day after the U.S. holiday of Thanksgiving, though Christmas decorations and music playing in stores sometimes extend into the period between Halloween and Thanksgiving. Many schools and businesses are closed during the period between", "id": "13651609" }, { "contents": "Christmas tree\n\n\nthe Soviet Union, after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations—along with other religious holidays—were prohibited as a result of the Soviet anti-religious campaign. The League of Militant Atheists encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions, among them being the Christmas tree, as well as other Christian holidays, including Easter; the League established an anti-religious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement. With the Christmas tree being prohibited in accordance with Soviet anti-religious legislation, people supplanted the", "id": "7936389" }, { "contents": "Christmastide\n\n\nthe dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 that the persecution ended and Christmas was celebrated for the first time in Russia after seven decades. Russia had adopted the custom of celebrating Christmas on December 25th. However, the Orthodox Church Christmas is on January 7th. This is, also, an official national holiday. European History Professor Joseph Perry wrote that in Nazi Germany, \"because Nazi ideologues saw organized religion as an enemy of the totalitarian state, propagandists sought to deemphasize—or eliminate altogether—the Christian aspects of the holiday", "id": "12628235" }, { "contents": "Christmas in Nazi Germany\n\n\nthemselves. Nazi ideologists claimed that the Christian elements of the holiday had been superimposed upon ancient Germanic traditions. They argued that Christmas Eve originally had nothing to do with the birth of Jesus Christ, but instead celebrated the winter solstice and the 'rebirth of the sun', that the swastika was an ancient symbol of the sun, and that Santa Claus was a Christian reinvention of the Germanic god Odin. Accordingly, holiday posters were made to depict Odin as the \"Christmas or Solstice man\", riding a white charger,", "id": "17512303" }, { "contents": "Joseph Carens\n\n\nthey moved to, even though they may have legal status there. People who feel alienated from and hostile towards the political community they legally belong to, are often people who feel like they are not treated equally. For example people could feel they are treated as less because of their race, or their religion. In The Netherlands there are a lot of Christian holidays such as Easter and Christmas, yet not a single Islamic celebration day is recognised as national holidays. Policies like this can be experienced as forms of inequity and", "id": "11498548" }, { "contents": "Christmas in France\n\n\nChristmas in France is a major annual celebration, as in most countries of the Christian world. Christmas is celebrated as a public holiday in France being celebrated on December 25, same as the United States and other countries. Public life on Christmas Day is generally very quiet. Post offices, banks, stores, restaurants, cafés and other businesses are closed. Many people in France put up a Christmas tree, visit a special church service, eat an elaborate meal and open Christmas presents on Christmas Eve (Réveillon de Noël)", "id": "16268881" }, { "contents": "Christmas and holiday season\n\n\n) are hung everywhere and lights are lit. Simbang Gabi or dawn masses start December 16 and run for nine days up until Christmas Eve. South Korea's population are 30% Christian and Christmas is a Public Holiday. According to the \"Washington Post\", \"Koreans prefer cash Christmas gifts over more creative presents.\" Singapore widely celebrates Christmas which is a Public Holiday in this country. For six weeks, mid-November to early January, the stretch of Orchard Road glitters with lights from decorated trees and building facades", "id": "640031" }, { "contents": "Secular humanism\n\n\nlargely American way of taking on the religious right. It lacked finesse, subtlety, and the European sense of history.\" Some Humanists celebrate official religion-based public holidays, such as Christmas or Easter, but as secular holidays rather than religious ones. Many Humanists also celebrate the winter and summer solstice, the former of which (in the northern hemisphere) coincides closely with the religiously-oriented celebration of Christmas, and the equinoxes, of which the vernal equinox is associated with Christianity's Easter and indeed with all other", "id": "9508066" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nsuggests that Christmas was not celebrated in their time. Arnobius wrote after AD 297. The Chronography of 354 records that a Christmas celebration took place in Rome in 336. In the East, the birth of Jesus was celebrated in connection with the Epiphany on January 6. This holiday was not primarily about the nativity, but rather the baptism of Jesus. Christmas was promoted in the East as part of the revival of Orthodox Christianity that followed the death of the pro-Arian Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378.", "id": "6416605" }, { "contents": "Culture of Malaysia\n\n\nlasting for 15 days. Hindus in Malaysia celebrate Deepavali, the festival of light, while Thaipusam is a celebration in which pilgrims from all over the country meet at the Batu Caves. Wesak (Malay for Vesak), the day of Buddha's birth, is a public holiday. Malaysia's Christian community observes most of the holidays observed by Christians elsewhere, most notably Christmas and Easter. Good Friday, however, is only a public holiday in the two Bornean states. The harvest festivals of Gawai in Sarawak and Kaamatan in", "id": "3254956" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\n6 (13th day of Christmas) is commonly regarded as the end of Christmas, while some end Christmas on the 20th day, and some even at Candlemas. The pre-Christian holiday of Yule, or \"jól\", was the most important holiday in Scandinavia and Northern Europe. Originally the observance of the winter solstice, and the rebirth of the sun, it brought about many practices that remain in the Advent and Christmas celebrations today. The Yule season was a time for feasting, drinking, gift-giving,", "id": "13651720" }, { "contents": "Holiday\n\n\nand feasts. The Christmas and holiday season surrounds the Christmas and other holidays, and is celebrated by many religions and cultures. Usually, this period begins near the start of November and ends with New Year's Day. \"Holiday season\" in the US corresponds to the period that begins with Thanksgiving and ends with New Year's Eve. Some Christian countries consider the end of the festive season to be after the feast of Epiphany. Sovereign nations and territories observe holidays based on events of significance to their history. For example", "id": "12944764" }, { "contents": "Snegurochka\n\n\nchildhood. In the late Russian Empire Snegurochka was part of Christmas celebrations, in the form of figurines to decorate the fir tree and as a character in children's pieces. In the early Soviet Union, the holiday of Christmas was banned, together with other Christian traditions., until it was reinstated as a holiday of the Russian Federation in 1991. However, in 1935 the celebration of the New Year was allowed, which included, in part, the fir tree and Ded Moroz. At this time Snegurochka acquired a role", "id": "14477827" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\n. Catholics in Hong Kong can attend Christmas Mass. Christmas is a public holiday in Macau. Its traditions are mostly influenced by the Portuguese since the territory was a colony of Portugal until December 20, 1999. Casinos in Macau remain open on Christmas Day. Christmas masses in Macau's Catholic churches are held in either Chinese or Portuguese. Encouraged by commerce, the secular celebration of Christmas is popular in Japan, though Christmas is not a national holiday. Gifts are sometimes exchanged. Christmas parties are held around Christmas Day; Japanese Christmas", "id": "13651566" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\nas a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents. Along with Easter, Christmas is one of the most important periods on the Christian calendar, and is often closely connected to other holidays at this time of year, such as Advent, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, St Nicholas Day, St. Stephen's Day, New Year's, and the Feast of the Epiphany. Christmas Day is a public holiday in Eritrea that is celebrated on January", "id": "13651555" }, { "contents": "Russia\n\n\nin Russia, except those always celebrated on Sunday. Russian New Year traditions resemble those of the Western Christmas, with New Year Trees and gifts, and Ded Moroz (Father Frost) playing the same role as Santa Claus. Orthodox Christmas falls on 7 January, because the Russian Orthodox Church still follows the Julian calendar, and all Orthodox holidays are 13 days after Western ones. Two other major Christian holidays are Easter and Trinity Sunday. Kurban Bayram and Uraza Bayram are celebrated by Russian Muslims. Further Russian public holidays include Defender", "id": "5600027" }, { "contents": "Freedom of religion in Chad\n\n\n(six Christian and two Islamic). Officials closely monitored radio stations run by both nonprofit and commercial groups. The Government celebrates both Christian and Islamic holy days as national holidays. Islamic national holidays include Eid al-Adha, the Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, and Eid al-Fitr. Christian holidays include Easter Monday, All Saints' Day, and Christmas Day. It is not uncommon for Muslims and Christians to attend each other's festivities during these holidays. While most interfaith dialogue takes place on a voluntary basis and", "id": "7625097" }, { "contents": "Holiday\n\n\nThe Memorial of Jesus Christ's Death\", but do not celebrate other holidays with any religious significance such as Easter, Christmas or New Year's. This holds especially true for those holidays that have combined and absorbed rituals, overtones or practices from non-Christian beliefs into the celebration, as well as those holidays that distract from or replace the worship of Jehovah. In Islam, the largest holidays are Eid ul-Fitr (immediately after Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (at the end of the Hajj).", "id": "12944769" }, { "contents": "Santa Claus\n\n\nthe immortal model, man in His image and likeness.\" Under the Marxist–Leninist doctrine of state atheism in the Soviet Union after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations—along with other religious holidays—were prohibited as a result of the Soviet antireligious campaign. The League of Militant Atheists encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions, among them being Santa Claus and the Christmas tree, as well as other Christian holidays including Easter; the League established an antireligious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement", "id": "19253736" }, { "contents": "Homeless for the Holidays\n\n\nHomeless for the Holidays is a 2009 Christian-Christmas film by Breathe Motion Pictures. The film was directed by George A. Johnson, who previously directed \"Dreamer: The Movie\". Shooting began on April 18, 2009 in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It is currently in limited release theatrically, including a special screening sponsored by The Dove Foundation at Celebration! Cinema in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Jack Baker is a self-made executive who lives an upper-middle-class life–until he loses his job, and", "id": "8311434" }, { "contents": "List of festivals in Nigeria\n\n\nthe country but predominantly in the south. The main Christian festivals are Christmas and Easter. The way in which these holidays are celebrated often incorporates traditions from earlier religions. Christmas is held on 25 December each year to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. It is a public holiday in Nigeria. In Igboland, in addition to a church service and distribution of gifts the festivities may include \"Mmo\" (masquerade) dancing, where men in their twenties or thirties dress in colorful costumes and wear masks. These masquerades, which", "id": "6319641" }, { "contents": "Culture of Finland\n\n\norigin. The main Christian holidays are Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension Day, Pentecost, and All Saints' Day. The secular holidays are New Year's Day, May Day, Midsummer Day, and the Independence Day. Christmas is the most extensively celebrated holiday: usually at least December 24 to 26 are holidays. Various sporting events are popular in Finland. Pesäpallo (reminiscent of baseball) is the national sport of Finland, although the most popular sports in Finland in terms of media coverage and audience attendance are Formula", "id": "19078912" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nAssociating it with drunkenness and other misbehavior, the Puritans banned Christmas during the Reformation. It was restored as a legal holiday in 1660, but remained disreputable. In the early 19th century, Christmas was reconceived by Washington Irving, Charles Dickens, and other authors as a holiday emphasizing family, children, kind-heartedness, gift-giving, and Santa Claus. Christmas does not appear on the lists of festivals given by the early Christian writers Irenaeus and Tertullian. Origen and Arnobius both fault the pagans for celebrating birthdays, which", "id": "6416604" }, { "contents": "Culture of Albania\n\n\nconcerts take place to celebrate the historic day in major cities amongst them in Tirana and Pristina, holding festive and military parades. Christmas is celebrated by those following the religion of Christianity [Eid al-Fitr|Bajram]] is considered by Muslims as the holiday of forgiveness, moral victory and peace, fellowship and unity. They sacrifice a sheep for this holiday, giving the meat to their family, friends and to the poor people. Another pagan holiday is Dita e Verës, particularly popular in Elbasan and Gjirokastër. It is celebrated", "id": "5305862" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nthat God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, and secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, completing an Advent calendar or Advent wreath, Christmas music and caroling, lighting a Christingle, viewing a Nativity play, an exchange of Christmas cards,", "id": "6416596" }, { "contents": "Demographics of Croatia\n\n\nEaster Monday, Corpus Christi Day, Assumption Day, All Saints' Day, Christmas, and St. Stephen's or Boxing Day. The religious festival public holidays are based on the Catholic liturgical year, but citizens of the Republic of Croatia who celebrate different religious holidays have the right not to work on those dates. This includes Christians who celebrate Christmas on 7 January per the Julian calendar, Muslims on the days of Ramadan Bayram and Kurban Bayram, and Jews on the days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Marriages performed by", "id": "5323408" }, { "contents": "Temple Israel (Dayton, Ohio)\n\n\nsheer spiritual osmosis it incorporates us into itself and makes us look and become more and more like itself\". Witt argued that Jews had to resist this pull. Ten years later, however, in a 1939 article in \"The Christian Century\", he argued that Jews should celebrate Christmas. In his view, Christians were now more liberal and celebrated \"the inherent humanness and universalism\" of Christmas, rather than any specifically Christian doctrine. Stating that his children had been deprived of the holiday's pleasures, Witt asserted that", "id": "19278304" }, { "contents": "Surhuri\n\n\nSurhuri () is a Chuvash heathen holiday, and a name designated to Christmas celebrations in areas where traditional paganism was replaced by Christianity. Surhuri is celebrated in winter. The word Surhuri (Upper Chuvash people pronounce it as \"Sorhori\" ) means \"a sheep leg\". Similarly pagans of the Cheremis people celebrate and call this holiday Shorok yol \"a sheep leg\". In Ulhash Chuvash pagans celebrate Surhuri on January 6. According to V.K. Magnitskiy, earlier Chuvash people celebrated it at the end of December, on the", "id": "2361922" }, { "contents": "Christmas music\n\n\n, who went from house to house. Music in itself soon became one of the greatest tributes to Christmas, and Christmas music includes some of the noblest compositions of the great musicians. During the Commonwealth of England government under Cromwell, the Rump Parliament prohibited the practice of singing Christmas carols as Pagan and sinful. Like other customs associated with popular Catholic Christianity, it earned the disapproval of Protestant Puritans. Famously, Cromwell's interregnum prohibited all celebrations of the Christmas holiday. This attempt to ban the public celebration of Christmas can also", "id": "19929744" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nwas revoked in 1681 by English governor Edmund Andros, however it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became fashionable in the Boston region. At the same time, Christian residents of Virginia and New York observed the holiday freely. Pennsylvania German Settlers, pre-eminently the Moravian settlers of Bethlehem, Nazareth and Lititz in Pennsylvania and the Wachovia Settlements in North Carolina, were enthusiastic celebrators of Christmas. The Moravians in Bethlehem had the first Christmas trees in America as well as the first Nativity Scenes. Christmas fell out of", "id": "6416635" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nand in Colonial America where the Puritans outlawed the celebration of Christmas in 1659. The Parliament of Scotland, which was dominated by Presbyterians, passed a series of acts outlawing the observance of Christmas between 1637 and 1690; Christmas Day did not become a public holiday in Scotland until 1958. Christmas celebrations have also been prohibited by atheist states such as the Soviet Union and more recently majority Muslim states such as Somalia, Tajikistan and Brunei. Some Christians and organizations such as Pat Robertson's American Center for Law and Justice cite alleged attacks", "id": "6416704" }, { "contents": "Christmas in Poland\n\n\nChristmas in Poland is a major annual celebration, as in most countries of the Christian world. The observance of Christmas developed gradually over the centuries, beginning in ancient times; combining old Polish pagan customs with the religious ones introduced after the Christianization of Poland by the Catholic Church. Later influences include mutual permeating of local traditions and various folk cultures. It is one of the most important religious holidays for Poles, who follow a somewhat strict traditional custom. Christmas trees are decorated and lit in family rooms on the day of Christmas", "id": "7745125" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\nwill face up to five years in jail. Before the Sharia law was passed in 2014, non-Muslim expats were free to celebrate Christmas in Brunei. The Christmas in Indonesia (locally known as \"Natal\", from the Portuguese word for Christmas), is one of many public holidays in Indonesia which approximately 16.5 million Protestants and 6.9 million Roman Catholics, celebrated with various traditions throughout the country. In the provinces with majority or significantly of Christian (Protestants and Catholics) such as North Sumatra, Jakarta, West Kalimantan", "id": "13651574" }, { "contents": "Christmas music\n\n\nJingle Bells\", \"Jolly Old Saint Nicholas\", and \"Up on the House Top\", however, date from the mid-19th century. The largest portion of these songs in some way describes or is reminiscent of Christmas traditions, how Western Christian countries tend to celebrate the holiday, i.e., with caroling, mistletoe, exchanging of presents, a Christmas tree, feasting, jingle bells, etc. Celebratory or sentimental, and nostalgic in tone, they hearken back to simpler times with memorable holiday practices—expressing the desire", "id": "19929756" }, { "contents": "Christmas controversies\n\n\natheist state, some officials in 2018 raided Christian churches just prior to Christmas and forced them to close. The celebration of Christmas has occasionally been criticized by Muslims in Turkey. Turkey has adopted a secular version of Christmas and a Santa Claus figure named \"Noel Baba\" (from the French Père Noël). During the 2013 holiday season, a Muslim youth group launched an anti-Santa Claus campaign, protesting against the celebration of Christmas in the country. In December 2015, political and religious activists organized protests against the growing", "id": "11781330" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\nor 'putri salju'. Although Christmas is a public holiday in Malaysia, much of the public celebration is commercial in nature and has no overt religious overtones. Occasionally, Christian activist groups do buy newspaper advertorials on Christmas or Easter but this is largely only allowed in English newspapers and permission is not given every year. The advertorials themselves are usually indirect statements. There has been controversy over whether or not the national government has exerted pressure on Malaysian Christians not to use Christian religious symbols and hymns that specifically mention Jesus Christ.", "id": "13651577" }, { "contents": "Freedom of religion in Benin\n\n\nthe Christian holy days of Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Whit Monday, Assumption Day, All Saints' Day, and Christmas; the Islamic holy days of Ramadan, Tabaski, and the Birth of the Prophet Muhammad; and the indigenous celebration of Traditional Religions holiday. State-operated television featured coverage of the celebration of religious holidays and special events in the lives of prominent religious leaders, including ordination anniversaries and funerals. Soon after his inauguration, the President received leaders and representatives of Christian, Muslim, and traditional indigenous religious", "id": "7624753" }, { "contents": "Beit-HaGefen Arab Jewish Culture Center\n\n\ncultural events in Haifa: Holiday of Holidays in December, which is celebration of Ramadan, Christmas and Hanukka together and Arab Theater month in summer. Holiday of Holidays was first celebrated in December 1994, when all three Jewish, Muslim and Christian holidays happened at the same time. The main venue of this fortnight event is Wadi Nisnas neighbourhood, on outskirt of which Beit Ha'Gefen is located. Until the Oslo Agreement, center activities were mostly local and after concluding the agreement, Beit Ha'Gefen started international activities, including establishing ties with", "id": "7412183" }, { "contents": "Public holidays in Malaysia\n\n\nthe northern states do celebrate the Thai festival of Loy Kratong. Wesak (Malay for Vesak), the Buddhist festival commemorating Buddha's birth, is a public holiday. Malaysia's Christian community observes most of the holidays observed by Christians elsewhere, most notably Christmas and Easter. Good Friday, however, is only a public holiday in the two Bornean states. The harvest festivals of Gawai in Sarawak and Kaamatan in Sabah are also important for East Malaysians. New Year's Day, Chinese New Year, and the start of the", "id": "11077126" }, { "contents": "Holiday\n\n\nFool's Day on April 1 and Liberation Day (Expatriates) on May 31. Various community organizers and marketers promote odd social media holidays. Many holidays are linked to faiths and religions (see etymology above). Christian holidays are defined as part of the liturgical year, the chief ones being Easter and Christmas. The Orthodox Christian and Western-Roman Catholic patronal feast day or \"name day\" are celebrated in each place's patron saint's day, according to the Calendar of saints. Jehovah's Witnesses annually commemorate \"", "id": "12944768" }, { "contents": "Saving Christmas\n\n\nholiday became too commercialized and consumerist, and that he feels uncomfortable with what he believes are pagan elements of contemporary Christmas celebration. Cameron tells Christian that he is wrong and recites the story of the Nativity, which is depicted in cartoon form. Meanwhile, two guests at the party discuss conspiracy theories. Christian complains that several elements of Christmas, most notably Christmas trees, are not biblical in origin. Cameron tells him that Christmas trees were God's idea, since God created trees. He also says that each tree represents a", "id": "4234202" }, { "contents": "Christmas in Nazi Germany\n\n\ncrowd then sang carols and nationalist hymns around a Christmas tree, with gifts being donated to working-class attendees of the speech. After taking power in 1933, Nazi ideologues initially sought to reject Germany's long-held Christmas traditions - renaming the festival \"Julfest\", and propagating its Germanic origins as the celebration of the winter solstice. But for the majority of Germans, the Christian traditions remained the basis of the holiday, and the churches were outraged by the removal of Christ from Christmas and maintained the Christian traditions among", "id": "17512302" }, { "contents": "Nittel Nacht\n\n\n. The earliest written reference to the practice of abstaining from reading the Torah is in a 17th century writing by Rabbi Yair Bacharach. In the Middle Ages in Christendom, Jews were often forbidden from appearing in public during the Christmas holidays, and Christmas Eve frequently marked the beginning of attacks on the Jewish population. Many Jews observed Nittel Nacht as a way to avoid leaving their homes, and to avoid giving the appearance of celebrating the Christian holiday. Many also sought to avoid experiencing any pleasure or joy on Christmas, to ensure", "id": "21855895" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nChristmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by a", "id": "6416593" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nexchanging gifts, and seasonal Christmas shopping began to assume economic importance. This also started the cultural conflict between the holiday's spiritual significance and its associated commercialism that some see as corrupting the holiday. In her 1850 book \"The First Christmas in New England\", Harriet Beecher Stowe includes a character who complains that the true meaning of Christmas was lost in a shopping spree. While the celebration of Christmas was not yet customary in some regions in the U.S., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow detected \"a transition state about Christmas here in New", "id": "6416643" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\ncalled cuccìa. Christmas is celebrated in Italy in a similar fashion to other Western European countries, with a strong emphasis given to the Christian meaning of the holiday and its celebration by the Catholic Church, also reinforced by the still widespread tradition of setting up the \"presepe\", a tradition initiated by Saint Francis of Assisi. It is quite common to attend midnight mass on Christmas Eve and practice the custom not to eat any meat. The dinner traditionally consists of seafood, with the Feast of the Seven Fishes, followed by", "id": "13651750" }, { "contents": "Christmas gift\n\n\nChristmas more recently. In ancient Rome, gift giving may have occurred near the winter solstice which in Europe occurs in December. This was celebrated during the Saturnalia holiday, which took place that month. As this feast was abandoned, the custom died out and is not the foundation of the Christian custom on the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lord, Christmas. As Christianity became increasingly widespread in the Roman lands, the custom of gift-giving occurred on New Year's Day. Around the year 336 AD the date of", "id": "18000240" }, { "contents": "Yule and Christmas in Denmark\n\n\nJul (), the Danish Yule and Christmas, is celebrated throughout December starting either at the beginning of Advent or on December 1 with a variety of traditions. Christmas Eve, \"Juleaften\", the main event of Jul, is celebrated on the evening of December 24, the evening before the two Christmas holidays, December 25 and 26th. Celebrating on the eve before the holiday is also used for most other holidays in Denmark. Jul is originally an ancient old Norse tradition related to the Germanic Yule celebration of North Europe", "id": "5762928" }, { "contents": "Malaysia\n\n\n, while \"Thaipusam\" is a religious rite which sees pilgrims from all over the country converge at the Batu Caves. Malaysia's Christian community celebrates most of the holidays observed by Christians elsewhere, most notably Christmas and Easter. In addition to this, the Dayak community in Sarawak celebrate a harvest festival known as \"Gawai\", and the Kadazandusun community celebrate \"Kaamatan\". Despite most festivals being identified with a particular ethnic or religious group, celebrations are universal. In a custom known as \"open house\" Malaysians participate", "id": "10899634" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\nstatue of the baby Jesus in towns and villages, led by the Society of Christian Doctrine. A public holiday in Malta, Christmas Day is celebrated on December 25. Christmas lunch usually consists of turkey served with potatoes and vegetables (Malta is a former British colony). The island has adopted other popular secular customs and traditions such as the Christmas tree and Father Christmas. Presents are normally generally exchanged either on Christmas Eve or on Christmas Day. A local seasonal food is the \"Qaghaq ta' l-Ghasel\" (", "id": "13651756" }, { "contents": "Chrismukkah\n\n\nof the world around us\" without religious meaning, or they transferred Christmas customs to the Hanukkah festival. In the 1990s, the popular sitcom \"Friends\" often portrayed Jewish characters Ross and Monica celebrating Christmas with their Christian friends, signifying many contemporary American Jewish households who celebrate Christmas in the strictly secular sense. Chrismukkah was named for the first time, and prominently featured, in the FOX television program \"The O.C.\" (2003–2007). Show creator Josh Schwartz used the holiday (which the writers almost named \"Hanimas\"", "id": "2142729" }, { "contents": "Christianity in Japan\n\n\ngift exchanges, and eating Western-inspired Christmas foods, especially Kentucky Fried Chicken and strawberry shortcake, are all familiar features of this event. Rather than being a family or religious occasion, Christmas is seen as a time to spend with friends or a significant other. Christmas Eve is celebrated as a couple's holiday on which romantic gifts are exchanged. Valentine's Day in Japan is also celebrated, but the normal Western cultural traditions are often reversed – women give men a gift of chocolate, and on White Day, one", "id": "4149870" }, { "contents": "Christmastide\n\n\n, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake of the Christmas-Epiphany season was forcibly renamed the \"equality cake\" under anticlerical government policies. Under the state atheism of the Soviet Union, after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations--along with other Christian holidays--were prohibited. Saint Nicholas was replaced by \"Dyed Moroz\" or Grandfather Frost, the Russian Spirit of Winter who brought gifts on New Year's, accompanied by the snowmaiden \"Snyegurochka\" who helps distribute gifts. It was not until", "id": "12628234" }, { "contents": "Public holidays in Bangladesh\n\n\nthrough seasonal drift. Therefore, some public holidays are subject to change every year based on the lunar calendar. There are fifteen public holidays in Bangladesh. Muslims and non-Muslims have four religious holidays each in addition to the secular seven national holidays. For the Muslims, four major Islamic holidays: Muharram, Mawlid, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are observed. For the Hindus: Krishna Janmashtami and Durga Puja are celebrated. As for the Christians and Buddhists: Christmas and Vesak (one day each)", "id": "17362442" }, { "contents": "Culture of India\n\n\n-Barat. Some of the Indian states have declared regional holidays for the particular regional popular festivals; such as Arba'een, Jumu'ah-tul-Wida and Shab-e-Qadar. Christianity is India's third largest religion. With over 23 million Christians, of which 17 million are Roman Catholics, India is home to many Christian festivals. The country celebrates Christmas and Good Friday as public holidays. Regional and community fairs are also common festival in India. For example, Pushkar fair of Rajasthan is one of the world's", "id": "5550169" }, { "contents": "Jewish assimilation\n\n\n21st century, although the view on Jews has considerably improved, in the US specifically, the nation is guided as a Christian nation, with a common example being all of the Christmas songs and ads being played during the holiday season with parents needing to say \"\"we\" do not celebrate Christmas.\" , and the lack of such advertisement for any Jewish holiday during the year. Jewish assimilation is common more in the modern day since the pressures of society to be like everyone else are high. The new Reform Judaism", "id": "10428315" }, { "contents": "Christmas\n\n\nLouis Duchesne in 1889. In modern times, March 25 is celebrated as Annunciation. This holiday was created in the seventh century and was assigned to a date that is nine months before Christmas, in addition to being the traditional date of the equinox. It is unrelated to the Quartodecimal, which had been forgotten by this time. Early Christians celebrated the life of Jesus on a date considered equivalent to 14 Nisan (Passover) on the local calendar. Because Passover was held on the 14th of the month, this feast is", "id": "6416611" }, { "contents": "International Date Line\n\n\nit is Western Christmas or Orthodox Christmas, Christians in Samoa, immediately west of the Date Line, will celebrate the holiday a day before Christians in \"American\" Samoa, which is immediately \"east\" of the Date Line. A problem with the general rule above arises in certain Christian churches that solemnly observe a Sabbath day as a particular day of the week, when those churches are located in countries near the Date Line. Notwithstanding the difference in dates, the same sunrise happened over American Samoa as happens over Samoa a", "id": "13890786" }, { "contents": "Kwanzaa\n\n\npsychotic and Christianity was a \"White\" religion that Black people should shun. As Kwanzaa gained mainstream adherents, Karenga altered his position so practicing Christians would not be alienated, then stating in the 1997 \"Kwanzaa: A Celebration of Family, Community, and Culture\", \"Kwanzaa was not created to give people an alternative to their own religion or religious holiday.\" Many African Americans who celebrate Kwanzaa do so in addition to observing Christmas. Kwanzaa celebrates what its founder called the seven principles of Kwanzaa, or \"Nguzo", "id": "17574789" }, { "contents": "Christmas Eve\n\n\nChristians who celebrate Christmas, the significant amount of vacation travel, and travel back to family homes, that takes place in the lead-up to Christmas means that Christmas Eve is also frequently a time of social events and parties, worldwide. Nittel Nacht is a name given to Christmas Eve by Jewish scholars in the 17th century. With Christmas Day a work holiday throughout the United States, there is a space of unfilled free time during which much of American commerce and society is not functioning, and which can give rise to", "id": "1487" }, { "contents": "Christmas card\n\n\nA Christmas card is a greeting card sent as part of the traditional celebration of Christmas in order to convey between people a range of sentiments related to Christmastide and the holiday season. Christmas cards are usually exchanged during the weeks preceding Christmas Day by many people (including some non-Christians) in Western society and in Asia. The traditional greeting reads \"wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year\". There are innumerable variations on this greeting, many cards expressing more religious sentiment, or containing a poem, prayer", "id": "6987328" }, { "contents": "Public holidays in Australia\n\n\nnew colonies. Though a Christian religious festival, it does not breach the constitution's separation of Church and State provision, because it is declared under State law, which is not subject to the provision. Boxing Day is on the day after Christmas, i.e. 26 December each year, except in South Australia. In South Australia, the first otherwise working day after Christmas is a public holiday called Proclamation Day. Boxing Day is noted for the start of the post-Christmas sale season. The day has also become a significant", "id": "5305210" }, { "contents": "Christmas traditions\n\n\noccasional outbreaks of religious conflict. The Islamic sect Boko Haram has attacked Christian churches with bombings on Christmas 2011. Christmas in South Africa is a public holiday celebrated on December 25. Many European traditions are maintained despite the distance from Europe. Christmas trees are set up in homes and the children are given presents in their stockings. Traditional 'fir' Christmas trees are popular and children leave a stocking or milk and cookies out for Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. The gift bearer is Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. Towns and cities", "id": "13651562" }, { "contents": "The Hebrew Hammer\n\n\nyoung Mordechai Jefferson Carver. At school, Mordechai is tormented by his fellow students and his teacher for being a Jewish child in a public school predominantly attended by Christians, and for celebrating Hanukkah while everyone else celebrates Christmas. He feels further alienated as he walks through his neighborhood and sees a seemingly endless number of Christmas decorations and window displays celebrating the holiday and announcing that Jews aren't welcome. As he lies down on the sidewalk in front of a store saying \"Jews 'OK' (for about 5 minutes)\"", "id": "5476308" }, { "contents": "She of Little Faith\n\n\nher that while Buddhism is about one finding inner peace, it is also about respecting the diversity of other religions based on love and compassion. Thus, Lisa is free to celebrate any holiday with her family, including Christmas. Lisa goes back home, falling asleep beside the Christmas tree and tells everyone that she will be celebrating Christmas with them and continue paying lip service to Christianity while practicing Buddhism for the rest of her life. As Marge takes her to the kitchen to get some cookies for her, Lisa asks about her", "id": "16148154" }, { "contents": "Ancient Church of the East\n\n\n. This was the first time since the schism that the two churches celebrated the Christmas holiday on the same day. Despite this decision, many Church of the East Old Calendarists rejected the move so in an attempt to avert further dissent, the Holy Synod maintained that Easter would continue to be celebrated according to the Julian Calendar. The declaration related to the celebration of Christmas was perceived as an attempt of reconciliation, and encouraged efforts for talks of reunification. A joint Holy Synod between the two churches was postponed, though is expected", "id": "3632351" }, { "contents": "Yusuf Estes\n\n\n,\" the Ministry of Home Affairs said. It explained in a statement that its decision to reject Estes’s application for a short-term work pass stemmed from his \"segregationist and divisive teachings\". In particular, it referred to a 2012 video in which Estes said it was \"not part of Islam to celebrate others' holidays\" or wish Christians \"Merry Christmas\" and Jews \"Happy Hanukkah\". He also questioned the religious basis for Christmas in an article in December 2016, and advised Muslims against \"celebrating", "id": "10342189" }, { "contents": "Burundi\n\n\nivyivugo are literary genres in Burundi. Basketball and track and field are noted sports. Martial arts are popular, as well. There are five major judo clubs: Club Judo de l'Entente Sportive, in Downtown, and four others throughout the city. Association football is a popular pastime throughout the country, as are mancala games. Most Christian holidays are celebrated, with Christmas being the largest. Burundian Independence Day is celebrated annually on 1 July. In 2005, the Burundian government declared Eid al-Fitr, an Islamic holiday,", "id": "11954757" } ]

[ { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nThe Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch or Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (\"March on the Field Marshals's Hall\"), was a failed coup d'état by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler—along with \"Generalquartiermeister\" Erich Ludendorff and other \"Kampfbund\" leaders—to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, which took place from 8 November to 9 November 1923. Approximately two thousand Nazis", "id": "12364538" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nof the larger cities of southern Germany had beer halls where hundreds or even thousands of people would socialise in the evenings, drink beer and participate in political and social debates. Such beer halls also became the host of occasional political rallies. One of Munich's largest beer halls was the Bürgerbräukeller. This was the location of the Putsch. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, sounded the death knell of German power and prestige. Like many Germans of the period, Hitler (who still held Austrian citizenship at", "id": "12364541" }, { "contents": "German resistance to Nazism\n\n\nexact motives for acting as he did remain a mystery. He read in the newspapers that Hitler would be addressing a Nazi Party meeting on 8 November, in the Bürgerbräukeller, a beer hall in Munich where Hitler had launched the Beer Hall Putsch on the same date in 1923. Stealing explosives from his workplace, he built a powerful time bomb, and for over a month managed to stay inside the Bürgerbräukeller after hours each night, during which time he hollowed out the pillar behind the speaker's rostrum to place the bomb inside", "id": "13997857" }, { "contents": "Feldherrnhalle\n\n\nattempted to storm the Bavarian Defense Ministry. This was the culmination of the Nazis' failed coup attempt to take over the Bavarian State, commonly referred to as the \"Beer Hall Putsch\". In the ensuing gun battle, four policemen and fourteen marchers were killed, plus two more NSDAP members elsewhere in Munich for a total of sixteen. Many more were wounded, including Hermann Göring. As a result of the failure of the so-called Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler was arrested and sentenced to a prison term. After", "id": "19887825" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nthe volley of bullets during the Beer Hall Putsch.\" However, when a consignment of papers relating to Landsberg prison (including the visitor book) were later sold at auction, it was noted that Ludendorff had visited Hitler a number of times. The case of the resurfacing papers was reported in \"Der Spiegel\" (\"The Mirror\", German news magazine) on 23 June 2006; the new information (which came out more than 30 years after Shirer wrote his book, and which Shirer did not have access to", "id": "12364561" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch (album)\n\n\nBeer Hall Putsch is the ninth stand-up comedy album by Doug Stanhope. It was released on December 3, 2013, by New Wave Dynamics. It was recorded live at Dante's in Portland, Oregon. The DVD includes a bonus video podcast recorded on the night of the show. The album peaked at #1 on the US \"Billboard\" Comedy Albums chart. The album title is a sardonic reference to the Beer Hall Putsch, the failed 1923 Nazi coup attempt. On a podcast with Bill Burr, Stanhope", "id": "14202411" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nputschists. Neunzert failed in the mission. By midmorning on 9 November, Hitler realised that the putsch was going nowhere. The Putschists did not know what to do and were about to give up. At this moment, Ludendorff cried out, \"Wir marschieren!\" (We will march!). Röhm's force together with Hitler's (a total of approximately 2000 men) marched out—but with no specific plan of where to go. On the spur of the moment, Ludendorff led them to the Bavarian Defence", "id": "12364558" }, { "contents": "Herschel Grynszpan\n\n\nand we accept it\". Rath's assassination was used to justify planned antisemitic pogroms in Germany. Rath died on the fifteenth anniversary of the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, the greatest holiday of the Nazi calendar. That evening, Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels – after consulting with Hitler – made an inflammatory speech at the Bürgerbräukeller beer hall in Munich (where the putsch had been organised) to an audience of veteran Nazis from throughout Germany. It would not be surprising, Goebbels said, if the German people were so outraged by the", "id": "4757475" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of SA, marched on the Bürgerbräukeller, where Kahr was making a speech in front of 3,000 people. In the cold, dark evening, 603 SA surrounded the beer hall and a machine gun was set up in the auditorium. Hitler, surrounded by his associates Hermann Göring, Alfred Rosenberg, Rudolf Hess, Ernst", "id": "12364547" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nhis associates. The night was marked by confusion and unrest among government officials, armed forces, police units, and individuals deciding where their loyalties lay. Units of the Kampfbund were scurrying around to arm themselves from secret caches, and seizing buildings. At around 3 a.m., the first casualties of the putsch occurred when the local garrison of the Reichswehr spotted Röhm's men coming out of the beer hall. They were ambushed while trying to reach the Reichswehr barracks by soldiers and state police; shots were fired, but there were", "id": "12364556" }, { "contents": "Bürgerbräukeller\n\n\nThe Bürgerbräukeller was a large beer hall in Munich, Germany. Opened in 1885, it was one of the largest beer halls of the Bürgerliches Brauhaus. After Bürgerliches merged with Löwenbräu in 1921, the hall was transferred to that company. The Bürgerbräukeller was where Adolf Hitler launched the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923, and in 1939 saw an attempted assassination of Hitler and other Nazi leaders by Georg Elser. It survived aerial bombing in World War II. The Bürgerbräukeller was demolished in 1979, the Gasteig complex being built on its", "id": "10390573" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nrowdies\". He also did not much like his commanding officer, Generalleutnant Otto von Lossow, \"a sorry figure of a man\". He was determined to put down the putsch with or without Lossow. Danner set up a command post at the 19th Infantry Regiment barracks and alerted all military units. Meanwhile, Captain Karl Wild, learning of the putsch from marchers, mobilised his command to guard Kahr's government building, the \"Commissariat\", with orders to shoot. Around 23:00 (11 p.m.), Major-", "id": "12364563" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nwas that the Nazi leader remained in Germany. Though Hitler failed to achieve his immediate stated goal, the putsch did give the Nazis their first exposure to national attention and a propaganda victory. While serving their \"fortress confinement\" sentences at Landsberg am Lech, Hitler, Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess wrote \"Mein Kampf\". Also, the putsch changed Hitler's outlook on violent revolution to effect change. From then on he thought that, in order to win the German heart, he must do everything by the book,", "id": "12364573" }, { "contents": "Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung\n\n\ninto being, although there were no established uniforms or insignia except a swastika armband worn on a paramilitary uniform. At the start of the group's existence, the SA had four primary titles: In 1923, the SA was disbanded after the failed Munich Beer Hall Putsch. The group was refounded two years later in 1925. From 1923 to 1925, the SA did not officially exist since Adolf Hitler had been imprisoned for his actions in the Munich Putsch and the Nazi Party banned in Germany. Underground cells of SA men did", "id": "3280360" }, { "contents": "Coup d'état\n\n\n, the term simply refers to gaining a sudden advantage on a rival. Since an unsuccessful coup d'état in 1920 (the Kapp Putsch), the Swiss-German word Putsch (pronounced , coined for the Züriputsch of 6 September 1839, in Zurich), also denotes the politico-military actions of an unsuccessful minority reactionary coup. Other recent and notable unsuccessful minority reactionary coups that are often referred to as \"Putsches\" are the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and Küstrin Putsch, the 1961 Algiers Putsch and the 1991 August Putsch.", "id": "3699257" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\n1934, coming as it did after the so-called Night of the Long Knives. In 1938, it coincided with the \"Kristallnacht\", and in 1939 with the attempted assassination of Hitler by Johann Georg Elser. With the outbreak of war in 1939, security concerns caused the re-enactment of the march to be suspended, never to be resumed. However, Hitler continued to deliver his 8 November speech through 1943. In 1944, Hitler skipped the event and Heinrich Himmler spoke in his place. As the war", "id": "12364580" }, { "contents": "Nazism\n\n\nuprooted... After the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, and his subsequent trial and imprisonment, Hitler decided that the way for the Nazi Party to achieve power was not through insurrection, but through legal and quasi-legal means. This did not sit well with the brown-shirted stormtroopers of the SA, especially those in Berlin, who chafed under the restrictions that Hitler placed on them, and their subordination to the party. This resulted in the Stennes Revolt of 1930-31, after which Hitler made himself", "id": "13953883" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nnationwide, with the major events taking place in Munich. On the night of 8 November, Hitler would address the \"Alte Kämpfer\" (Old Fighters) in the Bürgerbräukeller (after 1939, the Löwenbräu, in 1944, the Circus Krone Building), followed the next day by a re-enactment of the march through the streets of Munich. The event would climax with a ceremony recalling the 16 dead marchers on the Königsplatz. The anniversary could be a time of tension in Nazi Germany. The ceremony was cancelled in", "id": "12364579" }, { "contents": "Hans Frank\n\n\ndid other members of the Thule society, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP) at its beginning. Although the DAP evolved quite soon into NSDAP (Nazi Party), Frank waited until September 1923 to become a member of the \"Sturmabteilung\" (SA), and in October he officially joined the NSDAP. In November of the same year, Frank took part in the Beer Hall Putsch, the failed coup attempt intended to parallel Mussolini's March on Rome. In the aftermath of the attempted putsch, Frank", "id": "5606397" }, { "contents": "Nazi Party\n\n\nthe hope that the \"Reichswehr\" (the post-war German military) would mutiny against the Berlin government and join his revolt. In this, he was influenced by former General Erich Ludendorff, who had become a supporter—though not a member—of the Nazis. On the night of 8 November, the Nazis used a patriotic rally in a Munich beer hall to launch an attempted \"putsch\" (\"coup d'état\"). This so-called Beer Hall Putsch attempt failed almost at once when the local", "id": "1972344" }, { "contents": "Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918\n\n\nbeing liberated by US forces through the effects of his incarceration in Straubing. Adolf Hitler's 1923 \"Beer Hall Putsch\" in Munich had the restoration of the monarchy as its pretext. However, it was carried out without the crown prince's knowledge and support, and collapsed. Rupprecht again did not want to take the crown by illegal means and thereby assured himself of Hitler's lasting enmity. Adolf Hitler made it clear at the time (and at his trial) that he believed in a Republic (in the strict sense", "id": "20718351" }, { "contents": "Bürgerbräukeller\n\n\nThe following day, a re-enactment was conducted of the march through the streets of Munich from the Bürgerbräukeller to Königsplatz. The event climaxed with a ceremony at the Feldherrnhalle to revere the 16 'blood martyrs' of the Beer Hall Putsch. In 1939, a time bomb concealed inside a pillar in the Bürgerbräukeller was set to go off during Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch address on 8 November. The bomb exploded, killing eight people and injuring 57, but Hitler had cut short his speech and had already left. An", "id": "10390577" }, { "contents": "Rudolf Degkwitz\n\n\nRudolf Degkwitz (born 19 January 1889 in Ronneburg, died 21 May 1973 in Emmendingen) was a German physician, an early member of the Nazi Party and a participant in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. He was acquainted with Rudolf Hess and became involved with the Nazi Party in the early 1920s. He took part in Nazi political discussions in Munich and befriended Adolf Hitler. In 1923 he became a member of the Nazi Party, and he took part in the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923. He eventually left the Nazi", "id": "16630235" }, { "contents": "Otto von Lossow\n\n\nand also the Nazi (NSDAP) group, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler decided to try to seize power in what was later known as the \"Hitler Putsch\" or Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff sought support of the triumvirate. However, Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had their own plan to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. On 8 November 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people which had been organized by Kahr in the Bürgerbräukeller, a large beer hall in Munich. Hitler interrupted", "id": "21610833" }, { "contents": "Franz Josef Huber\n\n\nterminated and Huber was transferred to Vienna in 1938. Huber did remain good friends with Heinrich Müller who was appointed Gestapo chief on 27 September 1939. Johann Georg Elser, a German craftsman from Königsbronn, chose the anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1939, to kill Hitler with a bomb during his speech inside the \"Bürgerbräukeller\". Elser hollowed out the pillar behind the speaker's rostrum, and placed the bomb inside it. On 8 November 1939, the bomb exploded at 21:20, but Hitler had already left the room", "id": "10063293" }, { "contents": "Ehrentempel\n\n\nThe Honor Temples () were two structures in Munich, erected by the Nazis in 1935, housing the sarcophagi of the sixteen members of the party who had been killed in the failed Beer hall putsch (the Blutzeugen, \"blood witnesses\"). On 9 January 1947 the main architectural features of the temples were destroyed by the U.S. Army as part of denazification. On 8 November 1933 Hitler addressed the party’s old guard at the Bürgerbräukeller (where the putsch had begun) and the next day unveiled a small memorial with", "id": "5799696" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Roberts (author)\n\n\nEuropean correspondent for the \"Saturday Evening Post\" after the war, where he became the first American journalist to cover the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, Adolf Hitler's first attempt to take power. Roberts described working for the \"Post\"'s legendary editor George Horace Lorimer as follows: \"I told him my ideas, which he instantly rejected or accepted ... The price to be paid for a story was never discussed, and Lorimer was always generous.\" Booth Tarkington, a neighbor of Roberts in Kennebunkport, Maine, convinced", "id": "18819099" }, { "contents": "Heinz Barth\n\n\ndisability pensions for World War II war criminals) by the reunified German government, he was released in 1997 and died in 2007. In 1938, he joined the National Socialist Motor Corps, taking motorised para-military training. He joined the NSDAP on 9 November 1939, on the anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch with Party #7,844,901. Barth enlisted in the military police, where he was made an officer. The 1983 East German court found that Barth participated, as a member of security police battalion, in execution of", "id": "19086050" }, { "contents": "Arthur Rödl\n\n\nbrought him frequent reprimands at work, for taking time off to travel with other Bund members to fight Poles in Upper Silesia, and using his window at the post office to hand out propaganda leaflets. When it became clear that he had participated in the Beer Hall Putsch he was dismissed by the post office. By this time a member of the Nazi Party, Rödl sought employment at the party's Brown House headquarters, where he found a job as a mimeograph operator. He volunteered for the SS in 1928, and in", "id": "4094745" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\n\"strictly legal\". The process of \"combination\", where the conservative-nationalist-monarchist group thought that its members could piggyback onto, and control, the National Socialist movement to garner the seats of power, was to repeat itself ten years later in 1933 when Franz von Papen legally asked Hitler to form a coalition government. Scheubner-Richter was walking arm-in-arm with Hitler during the putsch; he was shot in the lungs and died instantly. He brought Hitler down and dislocated Hitler's shoulder when", "id": "12364574" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nwhere the triumvirs remained, to ear-shattering acclaim, which the triumvirs could not have failed to notice. On his way back, Hitler ordered Göring and Hess to take Eugen von Knilling and seven other members of the Bavarian government into custody. During Hitler's speech, Pöhner, Weber, and Kriebel had been trying in a conciliatory fashion to bring the triumvirate round to their point of view. The atmosphere in the room had become lighter but Kahr continued to dig in his heels. Ludendorff showed up a little before 21:00", "id": "12364554" }, { "contents": "Julius Streicher\n\n\nwe will be Jewish slaves. Therefore he must go\". Historian Richard J. Evans describes the newspaper: [\"Der Stürmer\"] rapidly established itself as the place where screaming headlines introduced the most rabid attacks on Jews, full of sexual innuendo, racist caricatures, made-up accusations of ritual murder and titillating, semi-pornographic stories of Jewish men seducing innocent German girls. In November 1923, Streicher participated in Hitler’s first effort to seize power, the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. Streicher marched with Hitler", "id": "14585344" }, { "contents": "Otto von Lossow\n\n\ninfantry regiment, where General Jakob Ritter von Danner, Munich garrison commandant and technically Lossow's deputy, met them. Ritter von Danner, who had been directed independently by General von Seeckt to put down the coup, asked if their statements at the Beer Hall was merely a ruse to escape Nazi custody. The triumvirate agreed, fearing the consequences of their initial cooperation with the putschists, and acted to put down the putsch attempt. Lossow ultimately escaped any disciplinary action for his behavior during the putsch attempt, but never held another", "id": "21610835" }, { "contents": "Fascist Italy (1922–1943)\n\n\n1922, Hitler tried to ask for Mussolini's guidance on how to organize his own version of the \"March on Rome\" which would be a \"March on Berlin\" (which came into being as the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923). Mussolini did not respond to Hitler's requests as he did not have much interest in Hitler's movement and regarded Hitler to be somewhat crazy. Mussolini did attempt to read \"Mein Kampf\" to find out what Hitler's National Socialist movement was, but was immediately disappointed,", "id": "14713546" }, { "contents": "List of Downton Abbey characters\n\n\nfamily in Switzerland, where she gave birth. Edith decides she wants the child back and plans to reclaim her, then places her in the care of a local pig farmer and his wife. She also feels, knowing Michael granted her power of attorney and she might inherit all he has if he is confirmed dead, that she must give something to their daughter, whom she then decides to reclaim. In 1924, news arrives that Michael was probably killed during the Beer Hall Putsch, leaving Edith devastated as she never lost", "id": "8983925" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\n(9 p.m.) and, being shown into the ante-room, concentrated on Lossow and Seisser, appealing to their sense of duty. Eventually, the triumvirate reluctantly gave in. Hitler, Ludendorff \"et al.\" returned to the main hall's podium, where they gave speeches and shook hands. The crowd was then allowed to leave the hall. In a tactical mistake, Hitler decided to leave the Bürgerbräukeller shortly thereafter to deal with a crisis elsewhere. Around 22:30 (10:30 p.m.), Ludendorff released Kahr and", "id": "12364555" }, { "contents": "Julius Schreck\n\n\nseveral other paramilitary units, took part in the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. The plan was to seize control of the city in a coup d'état and then challenge the government in Berlin. The putsch was quickly crushed by the local police and resulted in the death of 16 Nazi supporters and 4 police officers. In the aftermath of the failed putsch both Hitler, Schreck, and other Nazi leaders were incarcerated at Landsberg Prison. The Nazi Party and all associated formations, including the \"Stoßtrupp\", were officially disbanded. After", "id": "10563503" }, { "contents": "Bürgerbräukeller\n\n\ncapitals were plastered brickwork. A decorative plastered ceiling, divided into bays with three rows of chandeliers, concealed steel beams supporting the timber roof structure. From 1920 to 1923, the Bürgerbräukeller was one of the main gathering places of the Nazi Party. There, on 8 November 1923, Adolf Hitler launched the Beer Hall Putsch. After Hitler seized power in 1933, he commemorated each anniversary on the night of 8 November with an address to the \"Alte Kämpfer\" (Old Fighters) in the great hall of the Bürgerbräukeller.", "id": "10390576" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nGeneral von Danner, along with fellow generals and Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, compelled Lossow to repudiate the putsch. There was one member of the cabinet who was not at the Bürgerbräukeller: Franz Matt, the vice-premier and minister of education and culture. A staunchly conservative Roman Catholic, he was having dinner with the Archbishop of Munich, Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber and with the Nuncio to Bavaria, Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli (who would later become Pope Pius XII), when he learned of the putsch. He immediately telephoned", "id": "12364564" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nhe fell. He was the only significant Nazi leader to die during the Putsch. Of all the party members who died in the Putsch, Hitler claimed Scheubner-Richter to be the only \"irreplaceable loss\". According to Ernst Röhm, Martin Faust and Theodor Casella, both members of the armed militia organisation \"Reichskriegsflagge\", were shot down accidentally in a burst of machine gun fire during the occupation of the War Ministry as the result of a misunderstanding with II/Inf.Regt 19. The 16 fallen were regarded", "id": "12364575" }, { "contents": "Hermann Ehrhardt\n\n\nforce of around 6,000 men. They fought in north-west Germany, central Germany, Upper Silesia, and Bavaria and participated in the unsuccessful Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch of 1920. After the failed Putsch, Ehrhardt fled Germany, returning at a later time. In Bavaria, which was ruled by Gustav von Kahr at that time, he formed the Organisation Consul, and later the Viking League (\"Bund Wiking\"), a secret military society. Three years later during the Beer Hall Putsch, Ehrhardt and his deputy commander", "id": "3333320" }, { "contents": "Themes in Nazi propaganda\n\n\nthem as subhumans. Although the physical ideal for the Nazis was the Nordic-Aryan, contrary to popular belief they did not discriminate against individuals who did not have these features (light hair and light eyes), as long as the individual could prove their ancestry to be Aryan in accordance to the Nuremberg Laws. On trial after the Beer Hall Putsch, foregoing his usual antisemitic speeches, Hitler presented his involvement as a springing from a deep love of the \"Volk\". His speeches centered the glorification of the German people", "id": "5243688" }, { "contents": "Ernst Röhm\n\n\nHitler and company encountered blue-uniformed Bavarian State Police, who were prepared to counter the Putsch. Around the time the marchers reached the \"Feldherrnhalle\" near the city center, shots rang out, scattering the participants. Before the exchange of gunfire ended, there were fourteen dead Nazis lying in the street and four policemen; the putsch had failed and the Nazis' first bid for power had lasted less than twenty-four hours. Following the failed Beer Hall Putsch of 9 November 1923, Röhm, Hitler, General Ludendorff", "id": "4376008" }, { "contents": "Schutzstaffel\n\n\nincluding the paramilitary \"Sturmabteilung\" (\"Storm Battalion\"; SA), which he did not trust. The new formation was designated the \"Stabswache\" (Staff Guard). Originally the unit was composed of eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold, and was modeled after the Erhardt Naval Brigade, a \"Freikorps\" of the time. The unit was renamed \"Stoßtrupp\" (Shock Troops) in May 1923. The \"Stoßtrupp\" was abolished after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt", "id": "7249173" }, { "contents": "Joseph Berchtold\n\n\nwas composed of only eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Berchtold. It was initially designated the \"Stabswache\" (\"Staff Guard\"). Later that year, the unit was renamed \"Stoßtrupp-Hitler\" (\"Shock Troop-Hitler\"). On 9 November 1923 the \"Stoßtrupp\", along with the SA and several other paramilitary units, took part in what would become known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The plan was to take control of Munich and then seize total power in Berlin. The", "id": "11139959" }, { "contents": "Frontbann\n\n\nThe term Frontbann refers to a reorganized front organization of the \"Sturmabteilung\" or SA which was formed in April 1924. It was created to replace the SA which had been banned in the aftermath of the failed Munich Putsch. It was disbanded in February 1925 after the ban on the SA was lifted. The Frontbann was a reorganized and renamed version of the SA. It was created in April 1924 as a substitute for the then banned SA in the aftermath of the failed \"Beer Hall Putsch\" of November 1923. The", "id": "12028244" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nallowed the prisoner to receive visitors almost daily for many hours. This was the customary sentence for those whom the judge believed to have had honourable but misguided motives, and it did not carry the stigma of a sentence of \"Gefängnis\" or \"Zuchthaus\". In the end, Hitler served only a little over eight months of this sentence before his early release for good behaviour. However, Hitler used the trial as an opportunity to spread his ideas by giving speeches to the court room. The event was extensively covered in", "id": "12364570" }, { "contents": "Hermann Gauch\n\n\nand Walter Darré. After the Nazi party was disbanded following the Beer Hall Putsch, Gauch's party membership lapsed. He did not renew it in 1925 when the party was re-established because by that time he was employed as a doctor in the Handelsmarine (merchant marine) and later the Kriegsmarine, which precluded party membership. He rejoined the party in 1934, also becoming a member of the SS. He was briefly Himmler's adjutant for cultural and racial affairs, but was not a success in the post. He", "id": "18902305" }, { "contents": "Kampfbund\n\n\nthe Prussian victory over France in 1870. The purpose was to consolidate and streamline their agendas and also prepare to take advantage of the split between Bavaria and the central government. The impetus for this consolidation was the declaration a few days earlier by the Berlin central government announcing the end to the resistance against the French occupation of the Ruhr, which apparent capitulation infuriated the nationalists and freebooters. The \"Kampfbund\" conducted the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923 in Munich, Germany. By this time, the German Workers' Party (", "id": "18413796" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nas the first \"blood martyrs\" of the NSDAP and were remembered by Hitler in the foreword of \"Mein Kampf\". The Nazi flag they carried, which in the course of events had been stained with blood, came to be known as the \"Blutfahne\" (blood flag) and was brought out for the swearing-in of new recruits in front of the Feldherrnhalle when Hitler was in power. Shortly after he came to power, a memorial was placed at the south side of the Feldherrnhalle crowned with a swastika", "id": "12364576" }, { "contents": "Munich\n\n\nhome to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. The first attempt of the Nazi movement to take over the German government in 1923 with the Beer Hall Putsch was stopped by the Bavarian police in Munich with gunfire. After the Nazis' rise to power, Munich was declared their \"Capital of the Movement\". During World War II, Munich was heavily bombed and more than 50% of the entire city and up to 90% of the historic centre were destroyed. After the end of postwar American occupation in 1949", "id": "19379760" }, { "contents": "Wilhelm Friedrich Loeper\n\n\nboth in the Baltic States and the Ruhr area. In this capacity, he was involved in quelling the Spartakus uprising. With the founding of the \"Reichswehr\", Loeper became company chief of Pioneer Battalion 2. In 1923, he worked as an Instructor at the \"Pionierschule\" in Munich, and got to know Adolf Hitler. Loeper took part in the Beer Hall Putsch of 9 November 1923 and aimed at getting the \"Pionierschule\" to fall in and follow Hitler's orders. After the putsch failed, Loeper was", "id": "1271335" }, { "contents": "Dietrich Eckart\n\n\nDietrich Eckart (; 23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923) was a German journalist, playwright, poet, and politician who was one of the founders of the \"Deutsche Arbeiterpartei\" (German Workers' Party, DAP), which later evolved into the Nazi Party (NSDAP). He was a key influence on Adolf Hitler in the early years of the Nazi Party and was a participant in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. He died shortly after the \"putsch\", and was elevated, during the Nazi era, to", "id": "16870677" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\n. The back of the memorial read \"Und ihr habt doch gesiegt!\" (And you triumphed nevertheless!). Behind it flowers were laid, and either policemen or the SS stood guard in between a lower plaque. Passers-by were required to give the Hitler salute. The putsch was also commemorated on three sets of stamps. \"Mein Kampf\" was dedicated to the fallen and, in the book \"Ich Kämpfe\" (given to those joining the party circa 1943), they are listed first even though", "id": "12364577" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nthe book lists hundreds of other dead. The header text in the book read \"Though they are dead for their acts they will live on forever.\" The army had a division named the Feldherrnhalle regiment, and there was also an SA Feldherrnhalle division. \"Der neunte Elfte\" (9/11, literally \"the Ninth of the Eleventh\") became one of the most important dates on the Nazi calendar, especially following the seizure of power in 1933. Annually until the fall of Nazi Germany, the putsch would be commemorated", "id": "12364578" }, { "contents": "Erich Ludendorff\n\n\nAfter the war, Ludendorff became a prominent nationalist leader, and a promoter of the Stab-in-the-back myth, which posited that the German loss in World War I was caused by the betrayal of the German Army by Marxists, Bolsheviks, and Jews who were furthermore responsible for the disadvantageous settlement negotiated for Germany in the Treaty of Versailles. He took part in the failed Kapp Putsch (coup d’état) with Wolfgang Kapp in 1920 and the Beer Hall Putsch of Adolf Hitler in 1923, and in 1925,", "id": "15095158" }, { "contents": "Bamberg Conference\n\n\nthrough the Weimar Constitution's electoral processes. He had been the SA leader in Lower Bavaria before the Beer Hall Putsch and was not convinced that Hitler's repudiation of force, violence and putsch as a path to political power was correct. Most serious, perhaps, was the attitude of the northern faction to the party's Twenty-Five Point Programme, which indisputably was intellectually confused and often half-baked. Considering the circumstances in which it was written, it is hard to imagine that it could be otherwise. To Strasser", "id": "3123664" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nexpected to collaborate, especially as he had been taken out of the auditorium under heavy guard. Heinz Pernet, Johann Aigne and Scheubner-Richter were dispatched to pick up Ludendorff, whose personal prestige was being harnessed to give the Nazis credibility. A telephone call was made from the kitchen by Hermann Kriebel to Ernst Röhm, who was waiting with his \"Bund Reichskriegsflagge\" in the \"Löwenbräukeller\", another beer hall, and he was ordered to seize key buildings throughout the city. At the same time, co-conspirators", "id": "12364550" }, { "contents": "Löwenbräu Brewery\n\n\non exports. The export business was affected by World War I, for example the Löwenbräu London Depot closed for the duration, making its employees redundant. In 1921, Löwenbräu merged with Unionsbräu Schülein & Cie and Munich Bürgerbräu, two other breweries. These mergers brought Löwenbräu more property, including the Bürgerbräukeller. In 1923, this beer hall became noted as the location of the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch which Adolf Hitler led against the government of the German state of Bavaria, of which Munich was the state capital. In 1928,", "id": "17228694" }, { "contents": "1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler\n\n\n1933, on the 10th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch, the \"Sonderkommando\" took part in the rally and memorial service for the NSDAP members who had been killed during the putsch. During the ceremony, the members of the \"Sonderkommando\" swore personal allegiance to Hitler. At the conclusion the unit received a new title, \"\"Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler\"\" (LAH). The term \"Leibstandarte\" was derived partly from \"Leibgarde\" – a somewhat archaic German translation of \"Guard of Corps\" or personal", "id": "10393972" }, { "contents": "Erhard Heiden\n\n\nenough to try to seize power in Munich. Inspired by Benito Mussolini's \"March on Rome\" the previous year, the Nazis aimed to first establish power in Munich and then challenge the government in Berlin. On 9 November 1923 the \"Stoßtrupp\", along with the SA and several other paramilitary units, took part in the abortive coup d'état, resulting in the death of sixteen Nazi supporters and four police officers, an event known as the Beer Hall Putsch. After the putsch, Hitler and other Nazi leaders were incarcerated", "id": "10563641" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nHitler's arrest. Kahr and Lossow were called Judases and traitors. Two days after the putsch, Hitler was arrested and charged with high treason in the special People's Court. Some of his fellow conspirators, including Rudolf Hess, were also arrested, while others, including Hermann Göring and Ernst Hanfstaengl, escaped to Austria. The Nazi Party's headquarters was raided, and its newspaper, the \"Völkischer Beobachter\" (\"The People's Observer\"), was banned. In January 1924, the Emminger Reform, an", "id": "12364566" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nclaimed the putsch had been his sole responsibility, inspiring the title \"\"Führer\" or \"Leader\". The lay judges were fanatically pro-Nazi and had to be dissuaded by the presiding Judge, Georg Neithardt (), from acquitting Hitler. Hitler and Hess were both sentenced to five years in \"\" (literally fortress confinement) for treason. \"Festungshaft\" was the mildest of the three types of jail sentence available in German law at the time; it excluded forced labour, provided reasonably comfortable cells, and", "id": "12364569" }, { "contents": "Hans von Seeckt\n\n\nwas only opposed to the Munich Beer Hall \"putsch\" and Buckrucker's \"putsch\" because the stated aim of the Nazis and the Black \"Reichswehr\" was to reject the peaceful settlement of the \"Ruhrkampf\" that had been agreed to in September and instead go to war with France in 1923. Seeckt, knowing the most probable outcome of such war, preferred that the Weimar Republic stay in existence, at least for the moment when painful compromises were necessary. Seeckt strongly opposed the Locarno Treaties which he viewed as appeasement", "id": "1481864" }, { "contents": "Weimar Republic\n\n\nHall Putsch, also called the Munich Putsch, staged by the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler in Munich. In 1920, the German Workers' Party had become the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), or Nazi party, and would become a driving force in the collapse of Weimar. Hitler named himself as chairman of the party in July 1921. On 8 November 1923, the \"Kampfbund\", in a pact with Erich Ludendorff, took over a meeting by Bavarian prime minister Gustav von Kahr at a beer", "id": "14933042" }, { "contents": "Volksgemeinschaft\n\n\nappeals of Nazism. After the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler, on the trial, omitted his usual pre-putsch anti-Semitism and centered his defense on his selfless devotion to the good of the \"Volk\" and the need for bold action to save them. The Versailles settlement had betrayed Germany, which they had tried to save. Thereafter, his speeches concentrated on his boundless devotion to the \"Volk\", though not entirely eliminating the anti-Semitism. Even once in power, his immediate speeches", "id": "19187127" }, { "contents": "Emil Maurice\n\n\nShock Troop) 'Adolf Hitler'. Maurice, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, and Erhard Heiden, were all members of the \"Stoßtrupp\". On 9 November 1923, the \"Stoßtrupp\", along with the SA and several other paramilitary units, took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. In the aftermath of the putsch, Hitler, Rudolf Hess, Maurice and other Nazi leaders were incarcerated at Landsberg Prison. The Nazi Party and all associated formations, including the \"Stoßtrupp\", were officially disbanded", "id": "3211330" }, { "contents": "Süddeutsche Monatshefte\n\n\n\"\" became \"mainstream\", a \"serious journal of the conservative bourgeoisie\", hosting contributions by right-wing assimilated Jews such as Leo Baeck, alongside antisemitic Germans like Theodor Fritsch, Ernst Jünger, and Count Reventlow. Like the BVP, it was ambiguous toward the nascent Nazi movement in the wake of the Nazis' Beer Hall Putsch. Spengler, who felt that Nazi adventurism had ruined his own budding project for an industrialist timocracy, broke with the Cossmann club, denouncing its failure to preclude the Putsch. By", "id": "7550758" }, { "contents": "Hans Ritter von Seisser\n\n\n's \"March on Rome\" by a \"March on Berlin\". Among these were the wartime General Erich Ludendorff and also the Nazi (NSDAP) group, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler decided to try to seize power in what was later known as the \"Munich Putsch\" or Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of the \"triumvirate\". However, Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had their own plan to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. Hitler was determined to act before the appeal of his", "id": "8484384" }, { "contents": "Karl-Heinz Bürger\n\n\nKarl-Heinz Bürger (16 February 1904 – 2 December 1988) was a German SS functionary who held positions as SS and Police Leader during the Nazi era. Bürger became a member of the brownshirt SA in June 1923, taking part in the Beer Hall Putsch in November of the same year. In 1924 and 1925 he studied at the University of Potsdam. In 1927, Bürger became a member of the Nazi Party and in 1933 moved from the SA to the SS. At the end of August 1942, Bürger was", "id": "20006110" }, { "contents": "Albrecht von Graefe (politician)\n\n\nof the Reichstag and held his seat until 1928. An early ally and rival to Hitler, he had managed to convince the Nazi Party leader that the two groups should limit themselves to certain spheres of influence, with the DVFP active in north Germany and the Nazis in the south. As a consequence of this alliance von Graefe marched in the front row of the Beer Hall Putsch. However he also took advantage of the aftermath by cultivating an alliance with Erich Ludendorff and using this in an attempt to take control of the far", "id": "21660612" }, { "contents": "Georg Elser\n\n\n9 November, the annual guard of honour for the sixteen \"blood martyrs\" of the NSDAP who died in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 was held at the Feldherrnhalle as usual. Two days later, at the same location, an official ceremony for the victims of the Bürgerbräukeller bombing took place. Hitler returned from Berlin to stand before seven flag-draped coffins as Rudolf Hess addressed the SA guard, the onlookers and the listeners to Grossdeutsche Rundfunk (Greater German Radio). In his half-hour oration, Hess was", "id": "10754129" }, { "contents": "Coat of arms of Munich\n\n\nNazi party, the \"Reichsadler\". Deemed the \"Hauptstadt der Bewegung\" (Capital of the Movement), Munich was a significant place in terms of the Nazi ideology. The city was home to the NSDAP headquarters, the Beer Hall Putsch and also saw the establishment of Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp. Post-war designs were not pursued until 1949. Both a small and large coat of arms existed from 1949 until 1957 based on representations of them prior to 1936. In 1957 both the large and small", "id": "5042984" }, { "contents": "Ideology of the SS\n\n\nthere in order to prove that Christian monks had destroyed a Germanic cult site known as \"Irminsul\" during the Middle Ages. As a last site of Himmler's cult, the SS took over and remodelled Quedlinburg Abbey, burial place of Henry the Fowler, who was celebrated by Himmler for his refusal to be anointed by a Roman bishop. Himmler also instituted these rites and rituals to try and foster a greater sense of belonging to a fraternal order. For example, each year on the anniversary of the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch", "id": "7059968" }, { "contents": "Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony\n\n\nErnst Heinrich did not participate in the Beer Hall Putsch on 8 and 9 November 1923 in Munich. He rejected the Nazi ideology consistently and distanced himself from Hitler and Ludendorff. At his father's request, he took over the function of head of the administration of the association \"House of Wettin — Albertinische Linie e.V.\" His father also gave him power of attorney to negotiate with the Free State of Saxony about the future use of the manors owned by the Wettin family and their art collection. On 25 June 1925", "id": "16579024" }, { "contents": "Alfred Rosenberg\n\n\nwas a leading member of Aufbau Vereinigung, Reconstruction Organisation, a conspiratorial organisation of White Russian émigrés which had a critical influence on early Nazi policy. In 1923, after the failed Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler, who had been imprisoned for treason, appointed Rosenberg as the leader of the National Socialist movement, a position he held until Hitler's release. Hitler remarked privately in later years that his choice of Rosenberg, whom he regarded as weak and lazy, was strategic; Hitler did not want the temporary leader of the Nazis", "id": "5155843" }, { "contents": "Women in Nazi Germany\n\n\na friend of Hitler since 1920 (she had participated in the Beer Hall putsch) was the only woman to receive the Blood Order; she also participated in official receptions and was close to Heinrich Himmler, who even named her a colonel of the SS and permitted her free access to the concentration camps, which she went to regularly, particularly Dachau. Hitler did not forget that he owed part of his political ascension to women integrated in the society world (aristocrats or industrialists), such as Elsa Bruckmann. Women were also", "id": "7092522" }, { "contents": "Leo Negrelli\n\n\nLeo Negrelli, born in Trieste, died in Spain in 1974. As a member of the Sursum Corda he was one of the organisers of Gabriele D'Annunzio's arrival in Fiume in 1919. Negrelli continued to play an important part in the 1920s as the main liaison for Hermann Göring in Italy, after the failure of Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Before the Putsch Kurt Ludecke persuaded Mussolini to send Dr. Leo Negrelli to Munich to interview Hitler on Oct. 16, 1923 for the Corriere Italiano. In 1926 he became director", "id": "10725804" }, { "contents": "Joseph Berchtold\n\n\ncoup d'état failed and resulted in the death of 16 Nazi supporters and 4 police officers. In the aftermath of the putsch both Hitler and other Nazi leaders were incarcerated at Landsberg Prison. The Nazi Party and all associated formations, including the \"Stoßtrupp\", were officially disbanded. Berchtold then left Germany and fled to Tirol, Austria. Berchtold was tried in absentia before the special People's Court in Munich in 1924 for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch and sentenced to a prison term. During his time in Austria,", "id": "11139960" }, { "contents": "Eduard Schmid\n\n\nof money, resulting in inflation. Because of this many citizens were deprived of their last savings, causing many to fall into a state of misery and despair. The second event was the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Schmid was an important democrat and opponent of Adolf Hitler. On 9 November 1923, he was arrested during the putsch by the SA and barely escaped death by hanging. On 31 December 1924 Schmid resigned from his position as First Mayor. On his 70s birthday, on 15 October 1931, he was named", "id": "11524690" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nwere marching to the Feldherrnhalle, in the city center, when they were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazis and four police officers. Hitler, who was wounded during the clash, escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which", "id": "12364539" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nErich Ludendorff in an attempt to gain the support of Kahr and his triumvirate. However, Kahr had his own plan with Seisser and Lossow to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. The attempted putsch was inspired by Benito Mussolini's successful March on Rome, from 22 to 29 October 1922. Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a march against Germany's Weimar Republic government. But the circumstances were different from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realisation that Kahr sought to control him and was not", "id": "12364546" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nof a new government with Ludendorff. Hitler, accompanied by Hess, Lenk, and Graf, ordered the triumvirate of Kahr, Seisser, and Lossow into an adjoining room at gunpoint and demanded they support the putsch. Hitler demanded they accept government positions he assigned them. Hitler had promised Lossow a few days earlier that he would not attempt a coup, but now thought that he would get an immediate response of affirmation from them, imploring Kahr to accept the position of Regent of Bavaria. Kahr replied that he could not be", "id": "12364549" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nKahr. When he found the man vacillating and unsure, Matt decisively began plans to set up a rump government-in-exile in Regensburg and composed a proclamation calling upon all police officers, members of the armed forces, and civil servants to remain loyal to the government. The action of these few men spelled doom for those attempting the putsch. On Wednesday, 3,000 students from the University of Munich rioted and marched to the \"Feldherrnhalle\" to lay wreaths. They continued to riot until Friday, when they learned of", "id": "12364565" }, { "contents": "Beer Hall Putsch\n\n\nthe newspapers the next day. The judges were impressed (Presiding Judge Neithardt was inclined to favouritism towards the defendants prior to the trial), and as a result, Hitler served a little over eight months and was fined 500 Reichsmark. Due to his story that he was present by accident, an explanation he had also used in the Kapp Putsch, along with his war service and connections, Ludendorff was acquitted. Both Röhm and Wilhelm Frick, though found guilty, were released. Göring, meanwhile, had fled after suffering", "id": "12364571" }, { "contents": "Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter\n\n\npower constitutes the promise for the national revolution\" and \"to lay hands on the state police power in a way that is at least outwardly legal\". During the Beer Hall Putsch, walking arm-in-arm with Hitler, he was shot in the lungs and died instantly as Hitler and others marched toward armed guards on 9 November 1923. He brought Hitler down and dislocated Hitler's right shoulder as he fell. He was the only first-tier Nazi leader to die during the Putsch. Of all the early", "id": "2809475" }, { "contents": "Karl Astel\n\n\nKarl Astel (26 February 1898 – 3 April 1945) was an Alter Kämpfer, rector of the University of Jena, a racial scientist, and also involved in the German Nazi Eugenics program. He was born on 26 February 1898 in Schweinfurt. After finishing the Gymnasium he fought in World War I in 1917 and 1918. Astel took part at the Kapp Putsch and also the Beer Hall Putsch, as a member of the Freikorps Oberland. Astel studied medicine in Würzburg and earned his PhD around 1930. He was educated and", "id": "4774159" }, { "contents": "Themes in Nazi propaganda\n\n\nwas portrayed as overcoming distinctions of party and social class. A common Nazi mantra declared they must put \"collective need ahead of individual greed\"—a widespread sentiment in this era. The commonality this created across classes was among the great appeals of Nazism. After the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler, on the trial, omitted his usual pre-putsch antisemitism and centered his defense on his selfless devotion to the good of the \"Volk\" and the need for bold action to save them. The Versailles settlement had betrayed Germany", "id": "5243674" }, { "contents": "Nazism and cinema\n\n\n1930, when the party first established a film department. The Nazis were early aware of the propagandistic effect of movies and already in 1920 the issues of the \"Racial Observer\" included film criticism. The SS-philosopher Walter Julius Bloem published the book \"\"The Soul of the Cinema -- A Commitment to the Movies\"\" in 1922. In September 1923 Philipp Nickel produced a documentary of the “German Day in Nuremberg” where the “Battle-League” was founded, shortly before the Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler", "id": "16041815" }, { "contents": "Heinrich Himmler\n\n\n. Hyperinflation was raging, and his parents could no longer afford to educate all three sons. Disappointed by his failure to make a career in the military and his parents' inability to finance his doctoral studies, he was forced to take a low-paying office job after obtaining his agricultural diploma. He remained in this position until September 1923. Himmler joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in August 1923, receiving Party number 14,303. As a member of Röhm's paramilitary unit, Himmler was involved in the Beer Hall Putsch", "id": "13115417" }, { "contents": "Mathematics in Nazi Germany\n\n\nballistics, aerodynamics, the magnetic compass and celestial mechanics. By 1911 Vahlen was teaching in Greifswald. Between 1914 and 1915 he served on the Western Front of World War I. He was wounded during his service on the Eastern Front (1916-1919) and left the army a decorated, high-ranking officer. He joined the Nazi Party after the failed Beer Hall Putsch and visited Hitler at Landsburg prison in 1924. He lost his teaching position after taking down the Weimar flag at the University of Greifswald. After living in", "id": "1330230" }, { "contents": "Drug policy of Nazi Germany\n\n\nReichsmaster of the Injections.\" Dr. Morell went on to prescribe powder cocaine to soothe Hitler's throat and clear his sinuses. Hermann Göring, Hitler's closest aide, had served in the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I and suffered a severe hip injury during combat. He became seriously addicted to the morphine that was prescribed to him in order to relieve the pain which resulted from this injury and the gunshot wound, variously described as a thigh or groin injury, that he sustained while taking part in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch in", "id": "5085663" }, { "contents": "Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold\n\n\nstruggle in Germany. The Reichsbanner was initially formed in reaction to the far right's \"Beer Hall\" Putsch and far left's Hamburg rebellion, both failed coups, which had taken place at the end of 1923. On 22 February 1924 members of the SPD, the German Centre Party, the German Democratic Party and trade unionists in Magdeburg established the \"Reichsbanner\". However the proportion of Social Democrats in the membership clearly outweighed all others, with estimates of up to 90 per cent. \"Reichsbanner\" was a veterans", "id": "10993905" }, { "contents": "Dietrich Eckart\n\n\nthe Party leadership to talk with Hitler and relay the conditions in which Hitler would agree to return to the Party. Hitler announced he would rejoin on the condition that he would replace Drexler as party chairman, and that the party headquarters would remain in Munich. The committee agreed, and he rejoined the party on 26July 1921. On 9 November 1923, Eckart participated in the failed Beer Hall Putsch. He was arrested and placed in Landsberg Prison along with Hitler and other party officials, but was released shortly thereafter due to illness", "id": "16870688" }, { "contents": "Flag of Germany\n\n\nand through image, so the \"left-facing\" and \"right-facing\" version were each present on one side while the national flag was right-facing on both sides. From 1933 to at least 1938, the Nazis sometimes \"sanctified\" swastika flags by touching them with the (blood flag), the swastika flag used by Nazi paramilitaries during the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. This ceremony took place at every Nuremberg Rally. It is unknown whether this tradition was continued after the last Nuremberg rally in", "id": "20816656" }, { "contents": "Anton Dunckern\n\n\nserving as a supplementary to the regular German Army, where he met Heinrich Himmler. Both men became close friends at that time, remaining on a first-name basis for the rest of their lives. In 1923 Dunckern became a member of the Freikorps Oberland - an organization similar to the Corps of Hartmann Lauterbacher - with which he took part in the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. In September 1930 Dunckern joined the NSDAP and the SS, which by that time was spearheaded by his friend Himmler. Being a personal", "id": "11255525" }, { "contents": "Helmuth Brückner\n\n\nwith the \"Feld-Artillerie-Regiment 88\" where he won the Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class as \"Leutnant der Reserve\" and \"Abteilung-Adjutant\". On 25 March 1918 he was seriously wounded while in France. In 1921 he was \"Ib–Gruppe Nord\" with the \"Deutschen Selbstschutz\" (Freikorps) in Oberschlesien. In 1924, Brückner joined the National Socialist Freedom Movement (the NSDAP had been banned after the failed “Beer Hall Putsch” in 1923) and became editor of \"Schlesien", "id": "15577483" }, { "contents": "Gottfried Feder\n\n\npeople attended the rally. In an attempt to make the party more broadly appealing to larger segments of the population, the DAP was renamed in February 1920 to the \"Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei\" (National Socialist German Workers' Party, NSDAP), more commonly known as the Nazi Party. Feder took part in the party's Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923. After Hitler's arrest, he remained one of the leaders of the party and was elected to the \"Reichstag\" in 1924, where he stayed until 1936 and", "id": "17674659" }, { "contents": "History of Munich\n\n\nspeaking regions of Czechoslovakia, called the \"Sudetenland\", to Germany. One year later Georg Elser failed in an attempt to assassinate Hitler during his annual speech to commemorate the Beer Hall Putsch in the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich. The Bürgerbräukeller is no longer there, but other beerhalls where Hitler spoke, like the Hofbräukeller, the famous Hofbräuhaus and the Löwenbräukeller are still there. One of the examples of Nazi architecture in München is the Haus der Deutschen Kunst, an art museum designed by architect Paul Ludwig Troost. Munich was the base", "id": "21245700" }, { "contents": "Albrecht Haushofer\n\n\n) was his supervisor. Haushofer then worked as an assistant for Albrecht Penck. A fellow student in geopolitics was Rudolf Hess, a very early follower of Adolf Hitler and close friend of his Haushofer's father, Karl. Karl Haushofer was a frequent visitor to Landsberg Prison, where Hitler and Hess were jailed after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and \"Mein Kampf\" was written. Later, under the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 (effective from 1936), Albrecht Haushofer was categorized as a \"Mischling;\" however Hess,", "id": "4190440" } ]

[ { "contents": "The Ides of March (band)\n\n\nWashington, D.C.. Also, \"Vehicle\" was used for an extensive national advertising campaign by General Motors. A double live album, \"Beware: The Ides of March Live,\" captured their concert at the McAninch Center at the College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. This live set was released on Rhino Records in 2002. Handmade Records released \"Friendly Strangers,\" a double CD limited run set of the original Warner Bros. recordings. In 2004 the Ides of March celebrated 40 years since their original formation,", "id": "5450657" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (band)\n\n\nSummerfaire.\" The concert was attended by over 20,000 and the Ides returned to live performances. The following year they released their first new music since 1973, a four-song cassette EP entitled \"Beware – The Ides of March\". Trumpeter and backing vocalist Chuck Soumar is credited with being primarily responsible for reuniting the band. In 1992 the album \"Ideology\" was released with re-recordings of \"Vehicle\", and \"You Wouldn't Listen\", plus new material. After another five-year gap,", "id": "5450655" }, { "contents": "Ides of March\n\n\nreplied \"Aye, Caesar; but not gone.\" This meeting is famously dramatised in William Shakespeare's play \"Julius Caesar\", when Caesar is warned by the soothsayer to \"beware the Ides of March.\" The Roman biographer Suetonius identifies the \"seer\" as a haruspex named Spurinna. Caesar's death was a closing event in the crisis of the Roman Republic, and triggered the civil war that would result in the rise to sole power of his adopted heir Octavian (later known as Augustus). Writing under", "id": "18489337" }, { "contents": "Richard Hale\n\n\nwith the Boston Pops. In later life, he turned more and more to acting. His most notable role was in the 1956 film \"Friendly Persuasion\", starring Gary Cooper. He was also notable as the Soothsayer who warns \"Beware the Ides of March!\" in the Shakespeare film \"Julius Caesar\" (1953). In \"All the King's Men\" his character's name was Richard Hale. Hale also appeared in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1962) as the sinister neighbour Nathan Radley.", "id": "13234187" }, { "contents": "Julius Caesar (play)\n\n\nLoyal to Brutus and Cassius\" \"Other\" The play opens with two tribunes discovering the commoners of Rome celebrating Julius Caesar's triumphant return from defeating the sons of his military rival, Pompey. The tribunes, insulting the crowd for their change in loyalty from Pompey to Caesar, attempt to end the festivities and break up the commoners, who return the insults. During the feast of Lupercal, Caesar holds a victory parade and a soothsayer warns him to \"Beware the ides of March\", which he ignores. Meanwhile,", "id": "12264165" }, { "contents": "Haruspex\n\n\nin reading omens. The continuity of the Etruscan tradition among the Romans is indicated by several ancient literary sources, perhaps most famously in the incident related by Suetonius in which a haruspex named Spurinna warned Julius Caesar to beware the Ides of March. The emperor Claudius was a student of the Etruscan language and antiquities, and opened a college to preserve and improve their art, which lasted until the reign of Theodosius I, the Christian emperor who dismantled the last active vestiges of the traditional state cult. Further evidence has been found of", "id": "13788844" }, { "contents": "Those Who Are About to Die Salute You\n\n\nyou should have everybody's name in the writing credit, including, I guess, Mick Taylor's!\" \"Mandarin\" started from a series of sketches by Dave Greenslade that were based on a Japanese soft scale. Tony Reeves compiled the sketches into the main theme and arranged the song. \"Beware the Ides of March\" borrows a theme of the fugue of \"Toccata and Fugue in D minor\" by Johann Sebastian Bach (Bach BWV 565). Colosseum also recorded \"I Can't Live Without You\",", "id": "20921189" }, { "contents": "Project Chanology\n\n\nspecial way ... Beware the Ides of March, Church of Scientology!\" The March protests were titled \"Operation Party Hard\". Protests began in Australia on March 15, 2008, and were followed by protests in major cities worldwide including Brussels, London, Seattle, Phoenix, Manchester, and Los Angeles. Approximately 7,000 to 8,000 people protested in about 100 cities worldwide. The protests took place in locations in Australia, Europe, Canada, and the United States. Approximately 200 masked protesters gathered outside the Church of Scientology's", "id": "13197921" }, { "contents": "Monastery of the Tithes\n\n\nbetter-off afterwards. The most famous of her predictions is about the empress Alexandra who visited her in 1916. The content of their conversation is reflected in Alexandra's letter to the emperor: According to oral witnesses, that time she also told the empress to beware of March, 1. After asking to clarify the phrase, she said that “\"there will be a big mess\" [on March 1]”. As we know, Nicholas II signed his Abdication act on March 2, 1917, and riots", "id": "3524836" }, { "contents": "Beware the Slenderman\n\n\nBeware the Slenderman (stylized as _beware the slenderman) is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Irene Taylor Brodsky about the Slender Man stabbing. It premiered at South by Southwest in March 2016 and was broadcast on HBO on January 23, 2017. \"Beware the Slenderman\" discusses the incident in which two girls attempted to murder one of their friends in an attempt to appease Slender Man, a fictional monster who originated from an internet phenomenon called \"creepypasta\". The documentary was shot over eighteen months and contains interviews with", "id": "4843089" }, { "contents": "Laocoön\n\n\n. Virgil gives Laocoön the famous line \"Equō nē crēdite, Teucrī / Quidquid id est, timeō Danaōs et dōna ferentēs\", or \"Do not trust the Horse, Trojans / Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even bearing gifts.\" This line is the source of the saying: \"Beware of Greeks bearing gifts.\" In Sophocles, however, he was a priest of Apollo who should have been celibate but had married. The serpents killed only the two sons, leaving Laocoön himself alive to suffer", "id": "18728749" }, { "contents": "Key Wane\n\n\n, Wane sent the instrumental to Drake, who immediately picked up the beat. Along with No ID, Wane produced the majority of Big Sean's second studio album \"Hall of Fame\" (2013), including the highest charting singles of the album, \"Guap\" and \"Beware\" featuring Jhene Aiko and Lil Wayne. He contributed production to six songs in total. Key Wane co-produced Big Sean's \"IDFWU\" as well. In December 2014, Wane was nominated for his first Grammy for his production", "id": "6546305" }, { "contents": "Nintendo Switch\n\n\nMario Run\". Nintendo said in March 2017 that they have plans to provide other methods for registering friends, including through third-party social media and via Nintendo Network IDs. Support for registering friends on the Switch via Facebook and Twitter was added on March 13, 2018 as part of the 5.0.0 system update. The Switch has no native support for Nintendo Network IDs, but users can link their Nintendo Network ID credentials to a Nintendo Account profile, which enables the ability to add friends that they had already registered on their", "id": "10125182" }, { "contents": "Panfilo Lacson\n\n\nseeking to establish a National ID system in the Philippines. In his sponsorship speech, Lacson said the National ID system seeks to harmonize, integrate and interconnect the \"countless and redundant\" government-issued ID cards. The proposed measure – Senate Bill 1738 – was approved in the Senate with a vote of 17–2 on March 19, 2018. On August 6, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed the National ID measure into law, as Republic Act 11055. Lacson, the principal sponsor of the measure and a perennial author since", "id": "9554347" }, { "contents": "Winston Ide\n\n\nIde assisted in the rescue of many of his fellow prisoners-of-war. Responding to requests to save himself, Ide was reported to have said \"I'm staying here ... In any case, I can swim to Australia if I have to\". Ide was not seen again and was presumed drowned - one of 1159 prisoners of war aboard the ship who died. Only 63 were able to be rescued. Ide's father, Henry, was a Japanese silk merchant who migrated to Australia in 1894 and was naturalised", "id": "7017210" }, { "contents": "Beware of Christians\n\n\nunderstand the joy and redemption that comes from giving up the world to follow Jesus. The soundtrack was not released, but the film contains music: Film critic Gary Cogill said of \"Beware of Christians\", \"It's a knockout film..thrilling and a lot of fun to watch\". A notable characteristic of Beware of Christians is the distribution strategy of the film. After negotiating with a number of larger distributors, the producers decided to self-distribute the film for Name-Your-Own-Price. The", "id": "7732952" }, { "contents": "History of assassination\n\n\nDictator for Life', but the senate of the Roman Republic saw this as the end of the Republic, so, on the Ides of March (March 15) of 44 BC, the Roman Senate, including Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger who was a friend of Caesar went to the Senate, and when Caesar arrived, they stabbed him to death. When he was dying, Caesar is said to (in a play by Shakesphere) have looked at Brutus and say \"Et tu, Brute?\", or \"", "id": "11498848" }, { "contents": "Beware of Young Girls\n\n\nareas that don't need to be touched on.\" The A.V. club LaToya Ferguson gave the episode a D, citing \"What’s worst about “Beware Of Young Girls” is that it’s neither aggressively bad nor aggressively good enough to make it even a middle of the road episode. Instead, it’s merely a nothing episode.\" Terri Schwartz from IGN gave the episode 7.4 out of 10. She said that \"\"Beware of Young Girls\" felt too much like a filler episode that was trying to buy", "id": "5044305" }, { "contents": "Beware (Big Sean song)\n\n\nShotwell, writer for Spin Media's \"Under the Gun Review\". He also said that it blends well with the three vocalists. \"Beware\" contains an interpolation of \"Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got)\" written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter. Upon release \"Beware\" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. David Turner of Spin magazine praised the song and Big Sean for abounding the norm of hip-hop and moving away from \"glossy resilience,\" Turner continued", "id": "10315141" }, { "contents": "Fast Girl / Beware Wolf\n\n\n\"Fast Girl/Beware Wolf\" is a double A-sided single by Australian alternative rock band, Gyroscope, from their album \"Are You Involved?\". It was released as the first single from the album in March 2006 and peaked at No. 43 on the ARIA Singles Charts. Both \"Fast Girl\" and \"Beware Wolf\" appeared on national radio Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2005, where they were listed at No. 29 and No. 62, respectively. The CD version contained a previously", "id": "18964948" }, { "contents": "Beware the Creeper\n\n\nBeware the Creeper is the name of two comic book series published by DC Comics. The first series debuted in 1968 and starred the Creeper. This series was cancelled after six issues. The second was a five-issue limited series published in 2003 by DC under their Vertigo imprint. \"Beware the Creeper\" began in the March/April dated, \"Showcase\" #73 in 1968, in a story plotted and drawn by Steve Ditko, with Don Segall assisting with the dialog. DC's policy at the time was", "id": "8850315" }, { "contents": "VoteRiders\n\n\nregistered voters who did not have an acceptable voter photo ID and an additional 300,000 voters who were confused and intimidated by the state's voter ID law even though they did, in fact, have the correct ID to vote. This reality motivated VoteRiders to launch the nation's first ever \"Voter ID Month,\" which took place in Wisconsin in March 2016. VoteRiders efforts in Wisconsin were spearheaded by Molly McGrath, National Campaign Coordinator, and Anita Johnson, Wisconsin Statewide Coordinator, who worked with the organization's partners in the", "id": "7476406" }, { "contents": "Said Salih Said Nashir\n\n\n's definition of an enemy combatant. The allegations against Nashir were: Nashir chose to participate in his Combatant Status Review Tribunal. On March 3, 2006, in response to a court order from Jed Rakoff the Department of Defense published a three-page summarized transcript from his Combatant Status Review Tribunal. A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for Sa id Salih Sa id Nashir's annual Administrative Review Board on November 23, 2005. The three page memo listed twenty-two \"primary factors favor[ing] continued detention\"", "id": "13809020" }, { "contents": "Voter ID laws in the United States\n\n\nrebuked President Trump for claiming that millions voted illegally in 2016. Brian Schaffner, Professor of Political Science at University of Massachesetts, Amherst, who was part of the team that debunked Richman and Earnest's study said that the study Support for voter ID laws correlates with perceived prevalence of voter fraud. Although absentee ballot fraud is more common than voter impersonation, only six of the 31 states with voter ID laws also impose similar requirements on people who mail in absentee ballots. Lorraine Minnite of Demos has criticized proponents of voter ID laws", "id": "2792573" }, { "contents": "Voter ID laws in Pennsylvania\n\n\npeople through its language, it would disenfranchise certain groups and people who had more trouble obtaining the necessary identification required under the law. McGinley also said in his decision that the state's argument that photo identification was necessary to prove people's identities and protect the elections did not clearly show a link between photo IDs and safer, better elections. The decision in Applewhite v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania against the Voter ID law led to similar challenges to voter ID laws in Wisconsin, North Carolina, and Texas. Although the 2012 Voter ID", "id": "10603366" }, { "contents": "Ides of March\n\n\nmonth: the Nones (the 5th or 7th, nine days \"inclusive\" before the Ides), the Ides (the 13th for most months, but the 15th in March, May, July, and October), and the Kalends (1st of the following month). Originally the Ides were supposed to be determined by the full moon, reflecting the lunar origin of the Roman calendar. In the earliest calendar, the Ides of March would have been the first full moon of the new year. The Ides of", "id": "18489331" }, { "contents": "William B. Ide\n\n\nWilliam Brown Ide (March 28, 1796 – December 19 or 20, 1852) was a California pioneer who headed the short-lived California Republic in 1846. William Ide was born in Rutland, Massachusetts to Lemuel Ide, a member of the Vermont State Legislature. A carpenter by trade, Ide married Susan Grout Haskell (1799–1850) in 1820. He and his wife Susan lived at first in Massachusetts, but soon began moving westward—to Kentucky, then to Ohio and finally to Illinois. They farmed in Springfield,", "id": "19654824" }, { "contents": "Ali al-Hadi\n\n\nIt is said that once a scholar came in where al-Hadi had a meeting with masters of Hashemite (the clan prophet Muhammad had belonged to). Al-Hadi seated the scholar beside himself and treated him with great respect. The Hashemite protested saying: \"why do you prefer him to the masters of Banu Hashim?’ Al-Hadi said: \"Beware to be from those whom God has said about, \"Have you not considered those who are given a portion of the Book? They are invited to", "id": "2569738" }, { "contents": "Siege of Sloviansk\n\n\nWe don't have ID cards with numbers. We only have ID cards with letters, where we mention the department where the person works,\" said Boryslav Bereza, head of the information department for Right Sector. CNN called the phone number on the calling card and reached a woman who expressed surprise at the situation. She said that she was in Kiev and had no relation to anyone in Right Sector. Viktoriya Siumar, deputy head of Ukraine's National Security Council, said the shooting was being investigated, but that there", "id": "16451410" }, { "contents": "High-speed multimedia radio\n\n\nthe Canada–US border. Refer to the \"Line A\" rule.) Transverters as well as using older 802.11 hardware such as the original NRC WaveLan or FHSS modems made by Aerocomm and FreeWave make it possible to operate on this band. Ubiquiti M9-series also provide hardware capable in this band. Beware that noise floor on this band in the larger cities is usually very high, which severely limits receiver performance. Using the Icom ID-1 one can facilitate multi-media applications at a maximum of 128 kbit/s, compared", "id": "10507462" }, { "contents": "CPUID\n\n\nhas more clear language. The (open source) cross-platform production code from Wildfire Games also implements the correct interpretation of the Intel documentation. Topology detection examples involving older (pre-2010) Intel processors that lack x2APIC (thus don't implement the EAX=Bh leaf) are given in a 2010 Intel presentation. Beware that using that older detection method on 2010 and newer Intel processors may overestimate the number of cores and logical processors because the old detection method assumes there are no gaps in the APIC id space, and", "id": "4470222" }, { "contents": "Said Salih Said Nashir\n\n\nand three \"primary factors favor[ing] release or transfer\". The factors he faced included: A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for Salih Said Sa id's annual Administrative Review Board on October 20, 2006. His name was spelled Salih Said Sa id in 2006, where it had been spelled Sa id Saleh Sa id Nashir on earlier documents. The three page memo listed nineteen \"primary factors favor[ing] continued detention\" and three \"primary factors favor[ing] release or transfer\". The factors he", "id": "13809021" }, { "contents": "Minerva\n\n\nchurch of \"Santa Maria sopra Minerva\". The Romans celebrated her festival from March 19 to March 23 during the day which is called, in the neuter plural, Quinquatria, the fifth after the Ides of March, the nineteenth, an artisans' holiday. A lesser version, the \"Minusculae Quinquatria\", was held on the Ides of June, June 13, by the flute-players, who were particularly useful to religion. In 207 BC, a guild of poets and actors was formed to meet and make", "id": "20423327" }, { "contents": "ID sports in Cameroon\n\n\nand sponsors. INAS also said federations can work to find volunteers to overcome some of the funding gap. Inside Cameroon though, FECASDI President Aléokol has spent large amounts of his own money in order to support ID athletes. According to Aléokol, those in schools and in the government who focus who on money as it relates to supporting ID athletes end up stripping away some of the humanity required to support people with disabilities. A Special Olympics regional competition was held in 2008 at stade Roumdé-Adjia. Delegations from Central, North", "id": "16140544" }, { "contents": "Rage (video game)\n\n\nhe resigned his position at id Software. John Carmack has since revealed on Twitter that there are \"no plans for a native Linux client\". However, the game is playable on GNU/Linux via the Wine compatibility layer. Id announced its decision to partner with Electronic Arts for publication of \"Rage\". In March 2009, the company's CEO Todd Hollenshead said \"No, it won't be out this year,\" when asked about a possible release date. A trailer and several screenshots were released", "id": "13752365" }, { "contents": "Identity Cards Act 2006\n\n\ncompulsory as passports are renewed. Subsequent votes: On 29 March, the House of Lords voted in favour of a new plan with a majority of 227 (287 to 60). Under this scheme, everyone renewing a passport from 2008 would be issued an ID card and have their details placed on the national ID card database. The Government said that until 2010, people could choose not to be issued a card, though they would still have to pay for one, and still be placed on the database. The Bill", "id": "3223786" }, { "contents": "Dan Newman (political consultant)\n\n\naccompanying the I-773 supporters into (Secretary of State) Sam Reed's office. Afterward, someone asked Newman, \"Do you know who that is?\" Newman said he didn't. That's when he found out the identity of the \"tourist\": Joe Daniels, a lobbyist for Philip Morris. Asked about the encounter, Daniels said: \"It was just a coincidence. I was showing my niece Alicia, here from Florida, around.\" Still, there's a moral: Beware of tourists wearing goofy", "id": "1288271" }, { "contents": "Diné Bahaneʼ\n\n\nWho Kicks People Down the Cliff, and , the Monsters That Kill with Their Eyes. \"Surely the have all been destroyed now,\" said Changing Woman. , The Wind, whispered into the ear of Monster Slayer, \"Some still survive. , the Old Age Woman, still remains. She looks like a frail creature, but she slowly saps strength with the passing years. Beware of her.\" Monster Slayer said to his mother, \"Tell me where I can find the dwelling place of , The One", "id": "9512984" }, { "contents": "Id Tech 4\n\n\n, John Carmack, the lead graphics engine developer at id, said to LinuxGames: \"I mean, I won't commit to a date, but the Doom 3 stuff will be open source\". And like its predecessors, John Carmack has said that id Tech 4 will be released as open-source. At the QuakeCon 2009, Carmack said that he planned to petition ZeniMax Media to release the id Tech 4 source upon the release of Rage. As part of his keynote for QuakeCon 2011 he confirmed", "id": "12013158" }, { "contents": "Beware My Love\n\n\n\"Time to Hide\" as well as \"Let 'Em In\" as successful examples of McCartney's rock style. Jim Beviglia of \"Culture Sonar\" said that while the lyrics don't mean much, \"McCartney pushes them across with such screaming conviction that they hit home along with the plentiful instrumental hooks.\" Rodriguez considered \"Beware My Love\" to be the only song on \"Wings at the Speed of Sound\" to be as good as the best songs from Wings' previous two albums, \"Band on", "id": "19927479" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (2011 film)\n\n\nwould be corrected for the home release of the film. \"The Ides of March\" premiered on August 31, 2011 as the opening film of the 68th Venice International Film Festival. Sony Pictures Entertainment bought the distribution rights for the United States only, while Alliance Films bought Canadian distribution. Sony wanted Clooney to keep the play's title, but \"The Ides of March\" was picked as the title. \"The Ides of March\" was originally planned to have a limited release in December 2011 and a wide release in", "id": "13558381" }, { "contents": "Brixton Mosque\n\n\nposed by militant groups operating in our area,\" said Baker in December 2001 after Reid's arrest. He had warned that terrorist \"talent scouts\" prey on mosques like the Brixton mosque in search of the young and unstable. Baker warned the congregation, \"The recruiting has got out of control. Beware. It's your sons, your teenagers who are plucked into these extreme groups.\" A \"Time\" magazine article in 2002 said: \"The Brixton Mosque is an ideal hunting ground for terrorist talent spotters since", "id": "21749130" }, { "contents": "Sufyan al-Thawri\n\n\nabandoned his Shi'i view.\" It is said that the Umayyads offered him high office positions but that he consistently declined. He even refused to give to the Caliphs moral and religious advice and when asked why, he responded \"When the sea overflows, who can dam it up?\". He was also quoted to have said to a friend of his \"Beware of the rulers, of drawing close to and associating with them. Do not be deceived by being told that you can drive inequity away. All this is", "id": "2309256" }, { "contents": "Boys Beware\n\n\nAware\", using the same script and soundtrack with different actors. A third edition of the film was produced in 1979. In 1965 Attorney General of Florida Richard Gerstein recommended that high schools in Dade County, Florida show the film to prevent homosexuality. Margalit Fox of \"The New York Times\" said in 2006 that the film was one of several of Sid Davis's films that \"aged badly\". In 2015, a Missouri high school teacher at Raymore-Peculiar High School was suspended after showing \"Boys Beware\"", "id": "1430849" }, { "contents": "Lady Beware\n\n\nthis kind of insidious violence. A policeman can't help.\" The film was shot on location in Pittsburgh during the summer of 1986 after Scotti Brothers Entertainment agreed to finance and distribute it. The budget was reportedly under $2 million. \"Lady Beware\"'s 28 days of shooting took place primarily in the city's North Side and downtown neighborhoods. Arthur did not approve of the film's final cut, which she said was re-edited by the producers to appeal to the exploitation crowd. \"[Some distributors", "id": "6001732" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (2011 film)\n\n\nBusiness and Hall Auditorium (Miami University and Hall Auditorium are located in Oxford, Ohio). Principal photography also took place in Downtown Detroit and Ann Arbor, Michigan. On March 14, filming began at the University of Michigan and included 1,000 extras. The theatrical release failed to recognize Cincinnati in the credits as a filming location. Producer and screenplay co-writer Grant Heslov said that \"the omission of Cincinnati in the credits was an inadvertent mistake, something that slipped through the cracks.\" He also said that the credits", "id": "13558380" }, { "contents": "Voter ID laws in the United States\n\n\n. Weeks later, the U.S. Supreme Court again blocked the law for 2014. On March 23, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected an appeal by the ACLU, effectively upholding the 7th Circuit's decision Wisconsin's voter ID law as constitutional. Pennsylvania's voter ID law allowed various forms of photo identification cards, including those held by drivers, government employees, in-state college students, and residents of elder-care facilities. Voters who do not possess these forms of identification can obtain voting-only photo IDs issued", "id": "2792549" }, { "contents": "Beware of the Storybook Wolves\n\n\nBeware of the Storybook Wolves is a 2000 picture book by Lauren Child. It is about Herb, a little boy, who has an adventure with a number of characters, including a couple of wolves, from his fairy tale books. Booktrust, in a review of \"Beware of the Storybook Wolves\", wrote \"A simple story, well told, but it is the adventurous artwork that makes this book stand out.\" \"The Horn Book Magazine\" wrote \"While the concept is innovative and the conclusion is satisfying", "id": "6062314" }, { "contents": "Beware the Creeper\n\n\nto give a character a single appearance in \"Showcase\" as an introduction before launching their series. Two months later, the first issue of \"Beware the Creeper\" was released with a cover date of June 1968. \"Beware the Creeper\" was cancelled after six issues, the victim, per columnist and artist Fred Hembeck, of \"bean-counters [who] were a little quick to yank the rug out from underneath a new series during that particular stage of DC's history...\" The storyline started in the", "id": "8850316" }, { "contents": "Super Aguri F1\n\n\ndone a maximum of 10 laps during pre-season testing. The team's second race (in Malaysia) was little better, with again only Sato finishing the race. Super Aguri's third race, the , saw significant improvement. Ide said \"This is the first time that both Taku and I have finished a race, so I am happy about that.\" For the , Ide and Montagny swapped roles within the team, at the request of the FIA, who felt Ide needed more experience outside of the Grand", "id": "19629970" }, { "contents": "IPhone X\n\n\nspend $1,000 on a phone. It was obvious that much of the criticism came from people who had never used the phone\". \"Macworld\"s Roman Loyola praised the Face ID authentication system, writing that the setup process was \"easy\" and that its system integration was \"more seamless\" than the Touch ID fingerprint authentication of the past. That said, Loyola did note the \"half-second\" slower unlocking time than Touch ID as well as needing to look directly at the screen, making it impossible to unlock", "id": "316792" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (2011 film)\n\n\nstarts a sexual relationship with Molly Stearns, an attractive intern whose father is the chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Meyers admits to an angry Zara that he met with Duffy, who said that Pullman will offer Thompson the position of Secretary of State in exchange for his endorsement. Zara and Meyers discuss the matter with Morris, saying they must make the same offer to Thompson. Morris refuses on principle, as he thoroughly disagrees with Thompson and his policies, and wants a \"clean\" campaign without such deals. While Molly", "id": "13558373" }, { "contents": "LGBT rights in Idaho\n\n\na huge win\" by transgender activists, who in 2017 had filed a lawsuit challenging the state law. While arguing that transgender people \"already face disproportionately high levels of discrimination\", the judge asserted that such discrepancies \"can create risks to the health and safety of transgender people\" and that said discrepancies were \"archaic, unjust and discriminatory\". Since March 2019, Idaho has had a third gender option (known as \"X\") available on driver's licenses and state ID cards. A 2017 Public Religion Research", "id": "4139436" }, { "contents": "Beware of the Dog (Millennium)\n\n\n\"'Beware of the Dog\" is the second episode of the second season of the American crime-thriller television series \"Millennium\". It premiered on the Fox network on September 26, 1997. The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by Allen Coulter. \"Beware of the Dog\" featured guest appearances by Randy Stone and R. G. Armstrong. \"Millennium\" centers on offender profiler Frank Black (Lance Henriksen), who investigates unusual crimes as part of the private investigative organisation the Millennium", "id": "22113245" }, { "contents": "Women Beware Women\n\n\nMatch Me in London\" (written c. 1612, but printed in 1631) has a plot that is strongly similar to \"Women Beware\", though with a happy ending rather than a tragic conclusion. \"Women Beware Women\" tells the story of Bianca, a woman who escapes from her rich home to elope with the poor Leantio. Fearful and insecure, Leantio requires that his mother lock Bianca up while he is away. While locked up, the Duke of Florence spots Bianca in a window and attempts to woo her", "id": "18271151" }, { "contents": "Capella Tower\n\n\nthe tallest in Minneapolis is in dispute. The IDS Center is usually said to be taller by one foot, even by the owners of Capella Tower. It was initially said to be built one foot shorter out of respect for the IDS Center; however, in 2005, it was revealed that contractors had surreptitiously added of height to Capella, therefore making it taller than the main roof of IDS Center. In February 2005, the IDS counted a window washing garage built on its roof in 1979 as part of its actual height", "id": "7124780" }, { "contents": "Real ID Act\n\n\nbe valid, however, when the applicant’s Real ID comes up for renewal, they will be required to submit an additional Residency Document to comply with the Real ID Act. The Massachusetts RMV also started this option on March 26, 2018, and the Ohio BMV on July 2, 2018. On March 25, 2019 Missouri became the 47 state to implement and comply with the Real ID Act. Along with the Bush administration, the Real ID Act is strongly supported by the conservative Heritage Foundation and by many anti-", "id": "5972565" }, { "contents": "All the Girls in the World Beware!!!\n\n\nAll the Girls in the World Beware!!! is the ninth studio album by American hard rock band Grand Funk Railroad. The album was released by Capitol Records in December 1974 and was the group's second album released that year. The first single from the album, \"Some Kind of Wonderful\", was released on December 16, 1974 and its follow-up, \"Bad Time\", was released on March 24, 1975. A Quadraphonic mix of the album was available on the Quadraphonic 8-Track cartridge format.", "id": "12477557" }, { "contents": "Death By Gossip with Wendy Williams\n\n\nDeath By Gossip with Wendy Williams is an American documentary television series on Investigation Discovery which premiered on September 4, 2015. Announced in March 2015, the series features crime stories which are initiated by gossip and subsequently became motive for unfaithfulness or even murder. The documentary series is presented by talk show host Wendy Williams. \"Everyone loves a little dish now and then, but in these cases, guilty pleasure can become motive for murder,\" said Williams, who also acts as an executive producer. \"I’m an ID", "id": "16626159" }, { "contents": "Takuya Ide\n\n\nIde was a member of Cocoa Otoko and 龍雅-Ryoga- . He was a \"TV Senshi\" in the NHK Educational TV series \"Tensai TV-kun Series\" from 2001 to 2004. On 1993 Ide debuted as a model in Harajuku. From April 2001 to March 2005 he appeared in 'Tensai TV-kun Series\" as a \"TV Senshi\". On 2010 Ide became a member of Cocoa Otoko. The group later disbanded on March 2012. He later became a solo singer in 2013. Ide graduated from Aoyama Gakuin", "id": "682177" }, { "contents": "Content ID (algorithm)\n\n\ncontent owner. Only uploaders who meet specific criteria can use Content ID. These criteria make the use of Content ID without the aid of a major backer difficult, limiting its usage to big corporations in practice. Between 2007 and 2009 Organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that", "id": "5930361" }, { "contents": "Bow Wow (rapper)\n\n\nBeware of Dog\" under the stage name Lil' Bow Wow. Its debut single was \"Bounce with Me\", which featured R&B girl group Xscape. The album also included \"Bow Wow (That's My Name)\" featuring Snoop Dogg, which topped the rap chart, \"Puppy Love\", and \"Ghetto Girls\". The Recording Industry Association of America certified \"Beware of Dog\" double platinum on March 5, 2001, signifying sales of two million copies. In a 2009 interview, the rapper claimed", "id": "1057657" }, { "contents": "Karl Silberbauer\n\n\nwho said only that the information came from \"a reliable source\". As Dettmann had committed suicide in a POW camp (Huis van Bewaring, Havenstraat 6, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) after the end of the war, the second investigation also hit a dead end. Although the Austrian government stated that the arrest of Anne Frank \"did not warrant Silberbauer's arrest or prosecution as a war criminal\", the Vienna Police convened a disciplinary hearing. Among the witnesses was Otto Frank, who testified that Silberbauer had \"only", "id": "6997458" }, { "contents": "Ides of March\n\n\nThe Ides of March (; , Late Latin: ) was a day in the Roman calendar that corresponds to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history. The Romans did not number days of a month from the first to the last day. Instead, they counted back from three fixed points of the", "id": "18489330" }, { "contents": "Voter ID laws in Pennsylvania\n\n\nstatement, paycheck or government check; any other form of identification issued by the commonwealth or federal government. Although no documents are required to vote in Pennsylvania, voters are asked to provide their signature to verify with a signature kept on file. On March 14, 2012, Republican Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett signed a Voter ID bill into law, after it had been passed by the Pennsylvania State Legislature. The Voter ID law would require everyone who sought to vote to have specified types of photo identification before they could vote. The", "id": "10603359" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (band)\n\n\nalternate lead singer alongside Peterik and rhythm guitarist. This allowed Peterik to concentrate on lead guitar. Herr first appeared on \"Girls Don’t Grow on Trees\" in 1967. Like Columbia's The Cryan Shames, they had local success in the Chicago area without much label support. Unlike the Cryan Shames, who issued 3 albums on Columbia, Parrot never scheduled an album for the Ides of March. Having secured a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records in 1970 the band released the track \"Vehicle,\" which allegedly became the", "id": "5450649" }, { "contents": "Sailor Beware! (play)\n\n\nits development, whereby the husband-to-be jilts his bride\", the authors' dialogue was \"authentic suburban poetry\". He said of Mount's performance, \"She scorches the earth about her… The savage impatience of Miss Mount's acting must be seen to be believed\". Tynan, Trewin and Philip Hope-Wallace in \"The Manchester Guardian\" all praised the other members of the cast, who in the words of the \"Times\" critic, \"each contribute a nicely judged share to the", "id": "19546619" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (band)\n\n\nThe Ides of March are an American rock band that had a major US and minor UK hit with the song \"Vehicle\" in 1970. After going on hiatus in 1973, the band returned with their original line-up in 1990 and has been active since then. The Ides of March began in Berwyn, Illinois (a near western suburb of Chicago) on October 16, 1964, as a four-piece band called \"The Shon-Dels.\" Their first record, \"Like It Or Lump It,", "id": "5450646" }, { "contents": "Id Tech 6\n\n\n, but following his departure from id Software in 2014, Tiago Sousa was hired to replace him as the lead renderer programmer at the company. On June 24, 2009, id Software was acquired by ZeniMax Media. It was later announced in 2010 that id Software's technology would be available only to other companies also belonging to ZeniMax Media. In 2008 and while id Tech 5 had yet to be fully formed, John Carmack said the next engine by id Software would be looking towards a direction where", "id": "20293673" }, { "contents": "President of the Church (LDS Church)\n\n\n. One apostle of the church counseled to \"beware of those who would pit the dead prophets against the living prophets, for the living prophets always take precedence.\" Not everything said by the prophet is considered to be doctrine. Joseph Smith taught that \"a prophet is a prophet only when he was acting as such.\" When the church president declares new doctrine, \"he will declare it as revelation from God, and it will be so accepted by the Council of the Twelve and sustained by the body of the", "id": "16343205" }, { "contents": "Beware of Darkness (song)\n\n\nConcert for Bangladesh\" as well as the film of the concert. An acoustic version of \"Beware of Darkness\", which was recorded on 27 May 1970, was included on the Harrison bootleg album \"Beware of ABKCO!\" This version was later released on the 2001 remaster of \"All Things Must Pass\". Russell recorded his version of \"Beware of Darkness\" on his 1971 album \"Leon Russell and the Shelter People\". Australian critic Toby Creswell considered \"Beware of Darkness\" the highlight of the album,", "id": "13745723" }, { "contents": "Vehicle (The Ides of March album)\n\n\nVehicle is the debut studio album by The Ides of March, released in 1970. The single and title of the album, \"Vehicle\", became the fastest selling single in Warner's history. In his retrospective review for Allmusic, critic Mark Deming wrote \"the band sounds tight, enthusiastic, and emphatic on all ten tracks\" and that the album \"documents this band's limitations as well as its strengths, but ultimately it's a good week's work, and shows the Ides of March had more up their", "id": "1469023" }, { "contents": "Ides of March\n\n\nCaesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Caesar was stabbed to death at a meeting of the Senate. As many as 60 conspirators, led by Brutus and Cassius, were involved. According to Plutarch, a seer had warned that harm would come to Caesar no later than the Ides of March. On his way to the Theatre of Pompey, where he would be assassinated, Caesar passed the seer and joked, \"The Ides of March are come\", implying that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer", "id": "18489336" }, { "contents": "Lupe Vélez\n\n\nBrice was taken with Vélez and later said she had never met a more fascinating personality. She promoted Vélez's career as a dancer and recommended her to Flo Ziegfeld, who hired her to perform in New York City. While Vélez was preparing to leave Los Angeles, she received a call from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer producer Harry Rapf, who offered her a screen test. Producer and director Hal Roach saw Vélez's screen test and hired her for a small role in the comic Laurel and Hardy short \"Sailors, Beware", "id": "20716049" }, { "contents": "Beware of Darkness (song)\n\n\n\". In 1986 the alternative American Band Concrete Blonde covered the song on their self-titled album. Spock's Beard used \"Beware of Darkness\" as the title track of their 1996 album \"Beware of Darkness\", basing their version on Leon Russell's. Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs covered \"Beware of Darkness\" on their 2009 album \"Under the Covers, Vol. 2\". Eric Clapton performed \"Beware of Darkness\" at the George Harrison tribute concert Concert for George in 2002. Author Ian Inglis stated", "id": "13745725" }, { "contents": "2008–09 CONCACAF Champions League Championship Round\n\n\nid=\"Puerto Rico Islanders v Marathón\" div id=\"Atlante v Houston Dynamo\" \"Atlante won 4–1 on aggregate.\" div id=\"Marathón v Puerto Rico Islanders\" \"Puerto Rico Islanders won 3–1 on aggregate.\" div id=\"Universidad Nacional v Cruz Azul\" \"Cruz Azul won 2–0 on aggregate.\" div id=\"Santos Laguna v Montreal Impact\" \"Santos Laguna won 5–4 on aggregate.\" The first legs of the Semifinals were played on 17 March and 18 March 2009, while the second legs were played on 7 April and 8 April 2009. div", "id": "15410344" }, { "contents": "Mamuralia\n\n\nIdes were supposed to be determined by the full moon, reflecting the lunar origin of the Roman calendar. On the earliest calendar, the Ides of March would have been the first full moon of the new year. H.S. Versnel has argued that adjustments made to the calendar over time caused the Mamuralia to be moved from an original place as the last day of the year (the day before the Kalends of March) to the day before the Ides, causing the Equirria on February 27 to be repeated on March 14. Mamurius", "id": "11855311" }, { "contents": "José González Valencia\n\n\nDIGEMIG in Santa Cruz, stated that this incident was the Mexican government's fault because they were the ones who initially gave González Valencia a passport with a fake name. With his fake name, González Valencia lived in Bolivia for two years. Faustino Alfonso Mendoza Arce, the police commander of the National Police of Bolivia, said the police would investigate who were responsible for giving González Valencia a Bolivian foreigner ID card and his temporary residency. The swiftness in how González Valencia obtained his foreigner ID card raised suspicions because the application process", "id": "21909824" }, { "contents": "Women Beware Women\n\n\nWomen Beware Women\" has regularly been paired with \"The Changeling\" as constituting Middleton's two noteworthy late achievements in the genre of tragedy — though \"Women Beware Women\" has usually been judged the lesser of the two works. The bloody masque that concludes the play has been called a \"ridiculous holocaust.\" With growing critical attention over the years, however, the estimation of \"Women Beware Women\" has intensified; the play is now judged to be among Middleton's greatest works. \"\"Women Beware Women\"", "id": "18271158" }, { "contents": "Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America\n\n\nSFWA sponsors Writer Beware, whose mission is to track, expose, and raise awareness of the prevalence of fraud and other questionable activities in and around the publishing industry. Writer Beware consists of the Writer Beware website, which provides the latest information on literary schemes, scams, and pitfalls; the Writer Beware blog, which provides up-to-the-minute information on specific scams and schemes, along with advice for writers and industry news and commentary; and the Writer Beware Facebook page, which posts links to articles,", "id": "7877403" }, { "contents": "ID Dunedin Fashion Week\n\n\ncutting edge design, innovation and technology. iD Fashion Week is supported by city, community and commercial partners, run by a management team and governed by iD Dunedin Fashion Inc – a registered charitable organisation. Funds raised by the event are carried on to help fund the next year’s event. Sixteen acclaimed New Zealand designers will showcase their Autumn/Winter 2019 ready-to-wear collections at the iD Dunedin Fashion Shows on Friday 15 March and Saturday 16 March in a roll call of NZ's finest fashions. The show", "id": "1006370" }, { "contents": "Mort Garson\n\n\n, from \"Beware! The Blob!\" to \"Kentucky Fried Movie\" to \"National Geographic\" specials, although it is Elmer Bernstein who is credited with composing the well-known \"National Geographic\" orchestral theme that first appeared in on the magazine's TV specials in 1966. Garson's music was used as incidental music during the television transmissions of the Apollo 11 manned moon landing by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969. He said: \"The only sounds that go along with space travel are electronic ones...", "id": "13144295" }, { "contents": "Apostasy in Christianity\n\n\ntrue and pure doctrine of Jesus Christ, to be more faithful and steadfast in the hope announced by Him. For what things He predicted would take place in His name, these we do see being actually accomplished in our sight. For he said, \"Many shall come in My name, clothed outwardly in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.\" And, \"There shall be schisms and heresies.\" [1 Corinthians 11:19] And, \"Beware of false prophets, who shall come to you", "id": "16227648" }, { "contents": "Poncha\n\n\nIt is said in Madeira that poncha cures the common cold and people are encouraged to drink it if they have cold-like symptoms. While this drink tastes quite sweet and juice-like, beware, as it is quite strong. People from Madeira tend to point this out frequently to tourists who visit the island. The drink may be based on an Indian drink called pãnch/panch. In Hindi \"pãnch/panch\" means five and the drink was originally made with five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, lemon,", "id": "19276874" }, { "contents": "Dune (novel)\n\n\ncharacter who attains godlike status through scientific means. Eventually, Paul Atreides gains a level of omniscience which allows him to take over the planet and the galaxy, and causing the Fremen of Arrakis to worship him like a god. Author Frank Herbert said in 1979, \"The bottom line of the \"Dune\" trilogy is: beware of heroes. Much better [to] rely on your own judgment, and your own mistakes.\" He wrote in 1985, \"\"Dune\" was aimed at this whole idea of the", "id": "20912511" }, { "contents": "Adam West\n\n\nonly one real Batman that is and always will be Adam West. He was truly the Bright Knight.\" \"\" actor Kevin Conroy (who performed alongside West in the episode \"Beware the Gray Ghost\") said \"Adam West was an incredibly good, generous actor. Loved working with him as Gray Ghost. A true gentleman\". On June 15, 2017, Los Angeles projected the Bat-Signal on City Hall as a tribute to West, and Walla Walla shone the bat-signal on the Whitman Tower", "id": "2256315" }, { "contents": "Dan Davin\n\n\n\"Writing in New Zealand: The New Zealand Novel\" (1956, parts 1, 2). Chris Laidlaw who used to drink with Dan in Oxford said there was \"an abiding sadness about Dan; a melancholy that sprang, I think, from his frustration at being a prophet without honour in his own country. ... He was an early victim of the great New Zealand clobbering machine and often warned me to beware of this.\" Laidlaw quoted Davin's view that in New Zealand there is a very strong \"", "id": "4415568" }, { "contents": "Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian Qualifiers Preliminary Round 3\n\n\nof CAF for a berth in the Olympics. The group stage draw took place on 7 July 2011 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The matches were played between 21 September 2011 and 14 March 2012. div id=\"South Korea v Oman\" div id=\"Saudi Arabia v Qatar\" div id=\"Oman v Saudi Arabia\" div id=\"Qatar v South Korea\" div id=\"South Korea v Saudi Arabia\" div id=\"Oman v Qatar\" div id=\"Qatar v Oman\" div id=\"South Korea v Saudi Arabia\" div id=\"Oman v South Korea\" div id=\"Qatar v Saudi Arabia\" div id=\"Saudi", "id": "18190927" }, { "contents": "James O'Keefe\n\n\ngave out ID cards, de Blasio. That's in lieu of a driver's license, but you can use it for anything. But they didn't vet people to see who they really are. Anybody can go in there and say, 'I am Joe Smith, I want an ID card.' It's absurd. There is a lot of fraud. Not just voter fraud, all kinds of fraud ... This is why I get more conservative as I get older\", Schulkin said in the tape.", "id": "11820508" }, { "contents": "Kubla Khan\n\n\nmythical status, as one who has experienced an Edenic paradise available only to those who have similarly mastered these creative powers: poem And all who heard should see them there, And all should cry, Beware! Beware! His flashing eyes, his floating hair! Weave a circle round him thrice, And close your eyes with holy dread, For he on honey-dew hath fed, And drunk the milk of Paradise. (lines 48–54) /poem One theory says that \"Kubla Khan\" is about poetry and the two", "id": "17518670" }, { "contents": "ID/LP grammar\n\n\n(those derived from the principle of transitivity) are said to have weak precedence. For a string to be grammatical in an ID/LP Grammar, it must belong to a local subtree that follows at least one ID rule and all LP statements of the grammar. If every possible string generated by the grammar fits this criteria, than it is an ID/LP Grammar. Additionally, for a grammar to be able to be written in ID/LP format, it must have the property of Exhaustive Constant Partial Ordering (", "id": "16950720" }, { "contents": "The Ides of March (2011 film)\n\n\nThe Ides of March is a 2011 American political drama film directed by George Clooney from a screenplay written by Clooney, Grant Heslov, and Beau Willimon. The film is an adaptation of Willimon's 2008 play \"Farragut North\". It stars Ryan Gosling, George Clooney, Evan Rachel Wood, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Marisa Tomei, Paul Giamatti, and Jeffrey Wright. \"The Ides of March\" was featured as the opening film at the 68th Venice International Film Festival and at the 27th Haifa International Film Festival, and was", "id": "13558370" }, { "contents": "USS Westport (ID-3548)\n\n\njoin Convoy MKS 41. That convoy had departed from Port Said on 19 February and arrived at Gibraltar on 2 March. The convoy continued as MKS 41G, which rendezvoused at sea with Convoy SL 150 and arrived at Liverpool on 2 March. She was carrying a cargo of iron ore, which was bound for Middlesbrough. That port was reached on 18 March via Loch Ewe and convoys WN 557 and FS 1394. \"Empire Nightingale\" departed from Middlesbrough on 19 April to join Convoy FN 1330, which had departed from", "id": "8612056" }, { "contents": "Disney Channel (French TV channel)\n\n\nchannel. The winners were Marc du Pontavice, the producer of Oggy and the Cockroaches (who did the \"Glass Charger/Laboratory\" ID for the 1999 line-up), and Eric Berthier (who did the \"Alien\" ID for the 1997 package). On 21 June 2003, Disney Channel France also adopted Disney Channel US' new logo and idents. In 2011, Disney Channel International adopted the new cellphone app-shaped logo and idents. In March 2007, Disney Channel France celebrated the 10th anniversary of", "id": "21290169" }, { "contents": "Madhyamam Daily\n\n\nthe Home Affairs. Chandy said that \"Madhyamam Weekly\" had not published the complete list, and provided the lists after removing the emails of people belonging to other communities. He said the weekly must come clear on this. The investigating officers got 268 mail IDs from a person and they were handed over to the hi-tech cell for tracing the identity, and no hacking attempt was made, he added. In accordance with an order from the Ernakulam judicial first magistrate court, on 11 March 2014, Kerala Police registered", "id": "6779350" }, { "contents": "Richard Weiner (Czech writer)\n\n\ndeeds and guilt? They see no shining star to light The way to Bethlehem. (A rhyme would say: a blind bird sings To those who are blind as well. The true rhyme claims: a strangely aware vexation in me stays, Here starts the abrupt journey To heights of insanity.) Accomplished leaders, beware! Your lore inspires my fears. You would infuse a poison Into my nourishment. No longer would I comprehend Why all – as it is said - Those dwellers leave their destiny The moment it is", "id": "1627202" }, { "contents": "Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party\n\n\nto inherent inclinations rooted in Jewish character and religion', and that a government should not have 'too many' Jews in it. He said Britain need beware the 'international Soviet of the Russian and Polish Jew' and that he had found evidence of a 'very powerful' Jewish lobby in the country. His antisemitism was shared by his wife, Clementine, who wrote to him in 1931 that she could understand 'American Anti-Semitic prejudice'. It has been suggests that Churchill learned to keep his antisemitism quiet", "id": "1734104" }, { "contents": "Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz\n\n\nis to leave alone this disastrous path, and to fear Allaah and to beware of His vengeance and His Anger, and to return to guidance and to repent to Allaah for whatever has preceded from them. And Allaah, Glorified, has promised His repentant servants that He will accept their repentance and be good to them. So Allah the Glorified said: \"Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves. Do not despair of the Mercy of Allaah; verily, Allaah forgives all sins.' Truly, He", "id": "19355550" }, { "contents": "Bhava samadhi\n\n\npractice religion,\" said Naren \"eighty percent of them turn into cheats, and about fifteen percent go mad. Its only the remaining five percent who get some direct knowledge of the Truth and so become blessed. So Beware.\" Thirdly, genuine \"bhava samadhi\", which is an internal state of consciousness, has been identified with outer movements of the body, such as dancing and singing. It has been claimed that \"the very nature of \"bhava\" itself - sometimes having such vigorous outward expression in action", "id": "3183595" }, { "contents": "1933 British Mount Everest expedition\n\n\ninternational expedition to Kangchenjunga with Professor Dyrenfurth. Birnie had also been on the Kamet expedition, as transport officer. Notable in their omission were several of the top British rock-climbers of the period – Alf Bridge, Colin Kirkus and Maurice Linnell – reflecting the traditional approach of the sub-committee, as well as Ruttledge himself, who said: \"I am coming more and more to the opinion that we must beware of the north British school of rock-climbers if we are to succeed on Everest. Individually they are", "id": "713629" } ]

[ { "contents": "Wayfarer Redemption\n\n\n, are considered 'unclean.' Many of the Icarii are also Enchanters, who wield a magic called the Star Dance which is manipulated through song and dance. Each Icarii Enchanter also incorporates the word 'Star' within their name. The Star Dance is the music the stars make in the heavens and is constantly present in an Enchanter's life, saturating every moment so that life is near meaningless without it. A counterpoint to the Star Dance also exists, known as the Dance of Death, which is the music made", "id": "4706634" }, { "contents": "Wayfarer Redemption\n\n\nwhen stars miss their step and crash into each other, or swell up into red giants and implode. While the Star Dance cannot be used for directly violent purposes, the Dance of Death does very little but impart violence. Fortunately only a handful of Icarii have shown any ability to wield the latter. The Icarii also have a relationship somewhere between worship and respect for nine beings who are known as the Star Gods; people who have united with the Star Dance itself and become immensely powerful and immortal. The Star Gods", "id": "4706635" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (American TV series)\n\n\nall-stars. Each contestant performed a duet with an all-star who was not his or her mentor, in a new genre, and each also danced a solo in his or her own genre. Finally, the contestants each reprised their favorite routine of the season with their usual all-stars. The episode began with a group dance for all the contestants and all-stars that began with the Top 4 contestants waking up and getting ready for the big day. There were also new group dances for the hip", "id": "20139240" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars: We Dance!\n\n\nDancing with the Stars: We Dance! (Also called Dancing with the Stars: Get Your Dance On!) is a video game based on Dancing with the Stars. It is the sequel to the original Dancing with the Stars game. It is on Activision's \"Wee 1st\" label. The game's subtitle, \"We Dance\", was derived from the Namco-Bandai games; We Ski and We Cheer, also for the Wii. The game features stars including Mel B, Apolo Anton Ohno, Joey", "id": "631736" }, { "contents": "You Can Dance: Po prostu tańcz!\n\n\nstars with 6th season Taniec z Gwiazdami and 4 dancer with 1st season So You Think You Can Dance have danced. Judges: Michał Piróg (from You Can Dance), Augustin Egurolla (from You Can Dance), Iwona Pavlowicz (from Dancing with the stars), Piotr Galiński (from Dancing with the stars). Show was presented by Kinga Rusin (winner 4th edition Dancing with the stars, You Can Dance presenter), Piotr Gąsowski (Dancing with the Stars presenter) and Katarzyna Skrzynecka (Dancing with the Stars", "id": "15811061" }, { "contents": "Hazel Ascot\n\n\nHazel Ascot (born 1928) was a tap-dancing British child-star in the 1930s who was billed as the \"British Shirley Temple\". She starred in two films before abandoning her theatrical career. Ascot was born in Manchester. She was the daughter of Duggie Ascot, who created a dance troupe with his family called \"The Petite Ascots\". Film director John Baxter discovered Hazel at her father's dance studio in London. She was made the star of his upcoming film \"Talking Feet\" (1937)", "id": "4013648" }, { "contents": "Vyjayanthimala Bali\n\n\nbiggest Bollywood stars with a career lasting almost two decades. She was the first star to completely change the standard and style of dancing in Indian cinema. It was because of her that Indian film actresses later on were expected to know classical dance. She was the first South Indian actress to become a Bollywood star and \"paved a way\" for other south Indian actresses to foray into Bollywood. Vyjayanthimala is an accomplished dancer and was one of those who introduced semi-classical dance to Bollywood. Her subsequent dance numbers in her", "id": "13792393" }, { "contents": "Edyta Śliwińska\n\n\nEdyta Śliwińska (; born May 6, 1981) is a Polish professional ballroom dancer who is starring in the stage show Dance Temptation. She is best known for her appearances on the American version of the reality television series \"Dancing with the Stars\", where she appeared on all of the first ten seasons of the show. Śliwińska was born in Warsaw, Poland, and comes from a working-class Polish background. She took her first dancing class at age 12. In the debut season of \"Dancing with the Stars", "id": "14034683" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (Greece season 4)\n\n\nwas Freestyle. At the end of the show of week 12, it was announced to the couples that they were going to dance to a trio challenge for their second dance the upcoming week. The third partner would be one of the previous stars of the season who got eliminated or a star from previous seasons of the show. From season 4, Aravani and Kavdas came back, while Elias Vrettos and Laura Narjes from season 3 also came back to dance with two of the couples. Vrettos and Narjes finished on second and", "id": "1485050" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (American TV series)\n\n\nepisodes. The June 20 episode covered the first day of the Academy. The first task for the 10 all-stars was to watch solo dances by each of the competitors who were sent through from the auditions. From these, each all-star selected five dancers (at least three from their own dance style), from the large number of auditioners, to join their \"team\". If a dancer was selected by more than one all-star, he or she could choose which all-star's team", "id": "20139228" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance (American season 14)\n\n\n2017. The season will consist of All-stars acting as judges for the Academy round who, after each individual dance style challenge, select dancers to join their team of four dancers. They will ultimately each choose one dancer at the end of Academy who will move on to compete in the live shows. The All-stars are: Source, competing dancers' names: * All-star Allison Holker injured her shoulder during rehearsal and couldn't perform on the show. Season 9 alumna Audrey Case danced in her place", "id": "9773238" }, { "contents": "Brian Fortuna\n\n\n\" during its 4th season; partnering former Miss USA, Shandi Finnessey. His television success allowed him to dance as a principal dancer in the next two national Dancing with the Stars tours. Brian did double duty on the tour and was chosen to also host the third DWTS tour in front of sold out audiences of 15,000 people per night. His hosting talents captured the attention of ABC who chose Brian as series co-host with his Dancing with the Stars partner Shandi for ABC's Dancing with the Stars…Online Encore.", "id": "6018970" }, { "contents": "The Idolmaster Dearly Stars\n\n\ngames were being developed simultaneously, Hibiki's and Takane's role in the main story of \"Dearly Stars\" was kept to a minimum. For the dance sequences during performances, Kujioka chose to employ talent star Fumi Sakura, as opposed to professional dancers who had been used in \"The Idolmaster\" games up to that point. Kujioka wanted the dance sequences to be closer to what he calls an \"idol's aura\"—a certain emotional charm that is not a part of an idol's skill at dancing, according to him.", "id": "16979610" }, { "contents": "Sharna Burgess\n\n\nSharna May Burgess (born 21 June 1985) is an Australian ballroom dancer who is best known for being a professional partner and troupe member on the ABC series \"Dancing with the Stars\". She is the winner of season 27 of Dancing with the Stars with her celebrity partner, Bobby Bones and a three time runner-up on the show. She also judges on the Australian version of \"Dancing With The Stars\". Sharna Burgess was born in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales to Ray and Lucy Burgess. Despite", "id": "18637973" }, { "contents": "Josh Groban\n\n\nappeared as a mystery guest star on the season 12 finale of \"Dancing with the Stars\" to surprise Petra Nemcova by singing \"You Raise Me Up\" to her dance. When she saw that it was he who was actually singing and not one of the usual performers, she momentarily was too stunned to continue dancing. In the comedy \"Crazy, Stupid, Love.\", a film starring Steve Carell and Ryan Gosling, released on July 29, 2011, Groban played a character named Richard, a caddish and", "id": "7781726" }, { "contents": "Bangui\n\n\nabroad. The Bangui band groups were influenced by Zokela in the 1980s. The innovative music is based on dance bands who have adopted the Congolese music with electronic support. The music is rhythmic and blends with the Congolese rumba (soukous), which was influenced by son cubano, cha-cha-cha, and merengue. Popular Central African music groups or dance bands who perform in the city are Musiki, Zokela, Makembe, Cool Stars, Cannon Stars, and Super Stars. Bokassa, during his tenure as President,", "id": "11841061" }, { "contents": "Alec Mazo\n\n\n\"Dance With Me\". Mazo turned professional shortly before producers of \"Dancing with the Stars\" began their search for dancers to star on the show. Mazo won the first season of Dancing with the Stars with his partner, Kelly Monaco. Mazo returned to the ballroom on March 19 for Season 4, this time partnered with former supermodel Paulina Porizkova, but were the first couple eliminated. Despite being eliminated first, Paulina along with Shandi Finnessey (Who was eliminated the very next week). Both hold a higher average", "id": "12765888" }, { "contents": "Make Your Move (film)\n\n\nMake Your Move (formerly called Cobu 3D, also known as Make Your Move 3D), is a \"Romeo and Juliet\"-inspired 2013 South Korean-American independent dance film starring K-pop singer BoA and ballroom dancer Derek Hough. The film was directed by Duane Adler who wrote the script for the movies \"Save the Last Dance\" (2001) and \"Step Up\" (2006). Hough took season twelve off of the show \"Dancing with the Stars\" to star in the film, which was shot in", "id": "5517549" }, { "contents": "Dancing Star Foundation\n\n\nproduction companies. Prior to joining Dancing Star Foundation, he was a senior vice president at ICM Partners, a large talent management agency. In early 2009, a small number of former employees alleged that the Cayucos animal sanctuary was euthanizing animals for economic reasons. A maintenance supervisor who made similar allegations claims he was dismissed due to speaking out, although the sanctuary says he was terminated for other reasons. Dancing Star denied the animal-care allegations, saying that they are \"contrary to our most deeply held beliefs\" and that", "id": "2619095" }, { "contents": "Those Who Dance\n\n\nThose Who Dance is a 1930 American Pre-Code crime film produced and distributed by Warner Bros., directed by William Beaudine, and starring Monte Blue, Lila Lee, William \"Stage\" Boyd and Betty Compson. It is a remake of the 1924 silent film \"Those Who Dance\" starring Bessie Love and Blanche Sweet. The story, written by George Kibbe Turner, was based on events which actually took place among gangsters in Chicago. Monte Blue plays as a police detective who is after a famous gangster (played by", "id": "20400037" }, { "contents": "Strictly Come Dancing (series 12)\n\n\n, after Brendan Cole. On 1 June 2014, it was revealed that James Jordan, Artem Chigvintsev (who took a break to appear on \"Dancing with the Stars\") and Anya Garnis would not be returning as professionals, but that Garnis would still be part of the choreography team. They would instead be replaced by two new professionals, Joanne Clifton and Tristan MacManus, who had previously appeared on Dancing With the Stars, in addition to Natalie Lowe who would return after withdrawing from the last series due to a foot", "id": "3217321" }, { "contents": "Dancing in the Dark (1949 film)\n\n\nDancing In the Dark is a 1949 Technicolor musical comedy film directed by Irving Reis, starring William Powell and Mark Stevens. Betsy Drake's singing voice was dubbed by Bonnie Lou Williams. This musical comedy stars William Powell as Emery Slade, an unlikeable actor who was once a major film star, but who has not worked in ten years. Slade tries to convince studio chief Melville Crossman (Adolphe Menjou) to give the female lead in the film version of a Broadway musical to an unknown, rather than the actress he was", "id": "11568575" }, { "contents": "Erika Jayne\n\n\nof the contestants who would compete on season 24 of \"Dancing with the Stars\". She was paired with professional dancer Gleb Savchenko who had been previously partnered with Jayne's \"The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills\" co-star, Lisa Vanderpump when she competed in Season 16. They were the fourth couple eliminated from the competition, finishing 9th place. Jayne was hospitalized after she sustained a shoulder injury during her run on \"Dancing with the Stars\". She had a surgical procedure for an upper body tear in May", "id": "22006280" }, { "contents": "Sirasa Dancing Stars\n\n\nSirasa Dancing Stars is a Sri Lankan reality dance show broadcast by Sirasa TV. It went on air on February 9, 2008. It won the award for the most popular program in Sri Lanka earlier that year. It's yet another creation of Mr. Susara Dinal, who also created Sirasa Superstar season 1; Season 2; And Sirasa Kumariya which were some of the most popular programs when they were broadcast on Sirasa TV. Many stars have given their utmost support to make this show a success. Three seasons were completed in", "id": "20662137" }, { "contents": "Sandhya Shantaram\n\n\nher next film \"Teen Batti Char Raasta\" (1953), she played an impoverished girl who is considered unattractive because of her dark skin, but who is secretly a radio star with a beautiful singing voice. For the role, Sandhya wore dark makeup. As she had no formal dance training, she underwent intensive instruction in classical dance from co-star Gopi Krishna for the film \"Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje\". The two play Kathak dancers who are preparing for an important competition, but face opposition from their dance", "id": "4202296" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)\n\n\n2010. A \"Dancing with the Stars: Live!\" official tour was announced on November 3, 2014, for the 2014–2015 season starting on December 27, 2014, in Niagara Falls, New York, and ending February 15, 2015, hitting 33 cities. A second tour, “Dancing with the Stars Live! : Dance All Night” was announced. A third tour, \"Dancing with the Stars: Live! – We Came to Dance\", was announced on October 3, 2016, for 43 cities", "id": "2610082" }, { "contents": "Mumbai Can Dance Saala\n\n\nMumbai Can Dance Saala is a 2015 Bollywood film written and directed by Sachindra Sharma. The film stars Ashima Sharma, Aditya Pancholi, Shakti Kapoor and Rakhi Sawant in lead roles. Upon release, the film received negative reviews. Renuka Vyavahare from The Times of India gave it 0.5 stars, writing ″The film is so excruciatingly boring that it might change the opinion of those who were against the shutting down of dance bars.″ Mumbai Mirror critic Rahul Desai gave it 0.5 stars and wrote ″Bar dancer Tarannum Khan financed C-grade movies at", "id": "14665463" }, { "contents": "Dancing Stars (Austrian TV series)\n\n\nthe third season a \"Dancing Stars Best of\" was aired. After the \"Best of\" of Season 3 there was a special episode called \"Dancing Stars – Die Traumhochzeit\" (Dancing Stars – The Dream Wedding) in which the professional ballroom dancers Balázs Ekker and Alice Guschelbauer got married. Before the start of season four, ORF aired the reality show \"Dance with Me\" in which the private lives of the professional dancers were shown. After the fourth season, there was a special episode called \"Dance for", "id": "7049096" }, { "contents": "Nick Kosovich\n\n\ncostume for Dancing with the Stars, So You Think You Can Dance, Dance Your Ass Off, Ballroom Boot Camp, America's Got Talent, American Ballroom Challenge and thousands of dance competitors in the US. Numerous American Smooth and Showdance regional Titles Emmy Nominated Choreographer. \"Dancing with the Stars\" Two-time North American Couple of the Year. Prestige Award Winner Menswear Designer of the Year Australian and New Zealand Professional 10 Dance representative Performances include: Academy Awards 2008, Philippine Star Ball, Dancing with the Stars, Triple", "id": "20487242" }, { "contents": "Ray Bolger\n\n\nbefore his death. In his later years, he danced in a \"Dr Pepper\" television commercial, and in 1985, he and Liza Minnelli, the daughter of his \"Oz\" costar Judy Garland, starred in \"That's Dancing!\", a film also written by Jack Haley, Jr., the son of Jack Haley, who portrayed the Tin Woodman in \"The Wizard of Oz\". In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.", "id": "11158124" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 15)\n\n\nSeason fifteen of \"Dancing with the Stars\", called Dancing with the Stars: All-Stars, premiered on September 24, 2012. Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts. The Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided music throughout the season. The returning members of the dance troupe for this season were Oksana Dmyrenko, Emma Slater, Sharna Burgess, Henry Byalikov, and Sasha Farber. Sonny Fredie Pedersen replaced Kiki Nyemchek. Season 15 was the first to feature an \"all-star\" cast, in which", "id": "11879391" }, { "contents": "Ashly DelGrosso\n\n\nAshly DelGrosso-Costa (born July 9, 1982), known professionally as Ashly Costa, is a professional dancer from Highland, Utah who starred on the ABC television series \"Dancing with the Stars\" for the first three seasons and returned March 22, 2010 for season 10. DelGrosso was born in Denver, Colorado. A self-described \"Utah County Mormon\", she was introduced to dance by her mother, Kim, who co-owns a dance studio with Alex and Robin Murillo \"'Center Stage Performing", "id": "10467049" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 10)\n\n\nStars dance troupe or guest dancers perform a choreographed dance. Unless otherwise noted, the Dancing with the Stars dance troupe performed during the musical number. The Beach Boys featuring John Stamos performed \"California Girls\", \"Kokomo\", and \"Fun, Fun, Fun\", accompanied by dancers Cheryl Burke, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Ashly Costa, Anna Trebunskaya, Louis van Amstel and Damian Whitewood. The \"Macy's Stars of Dance\" segment featured Emmanuel Pierre-Antoine with Haitian dancers. Reba McEntire performed \"I Want a", "id": "13965393" }, { "contents": "Pilgrim (Douglass novel)\n\n\n's keep must have sunken to the waterways and show the way to Sanctuary. Some of the Lake Guard, StarDrifter, and Zenith travel to Fernbrake. There they not only discover the way to the keep, but that the Star Dance can be accessed through dance. When StarDrifter attempts to cross the bridge to Sanctuary, it rejects him as he is not 'he who is true.' They depart on the waterways to find Drago. At Star Finger, Axis, Azhure, Caelum, and the former Star Gods find", "id": "21126989" }, { "contents": "Dance Dance (film)\n\n\nDance Dance is an Indian Bollywood dance film released on 29 May 1987, directed and produced by Babbar Subhash. The film is a musical and stars Mithun Chakraborty, Smita Patil and Mandakini in lead roles. It also stars Amrish Puri, Shakti Kapoor and Om Shivpuri in supporting roles. It is about a brother and sister who try to find success and become big singers. Several scenes follow very closely those from the film \"Fast Forward\", directed by Sidney Poitier. Radha (Smita Patil) and Ramu (Mithun Chakraborty", "id": "14124718" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (Irish TV series)\n\n\nDancing with the Stars is an Irish reality television series, airing on RTÉ One that started on 8 January 2017, and is hosted by Nicky Byrne and Jennifer Zamparelli. The show is based on the original UK version, \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and is part of the \"Dancing with the Stars\" franchise. The judging panel consists of Julian Benson, Loraine Barry and Brian Redmond. In August 2016, it was confirmed that RTÉ One would broadcast an Irish version of \"Dancing with the Stars\", which would replace", "id": "7414009" }, { "contents": "Edyta Śliwińska\n\n\nwith journalist Geraldo Rivera. The couple was the first to be eliminated on Week 2 of competition. Śliwińska's husband and professional partner in dance competitions is Alec Mazo, who also participated in \"Dancing with the Stars\", winning with Kelly Monaco. They have danced together for over 6 years and have performed together multiple times for \"Dancing with the Stars\" results shows in pair numbers. They married on September 1, 2007. On October 10, 2013, they announced they were expecting their first child, a son", "id": "14034689" }, { "contents": "Shannon family\n\n\nAlana's weight, which had reached 125 pounds, making Alana clinically obese. \"\" premiered on We TV on 24 February 2017. A second season aired the following year. Alana is set to appear on Dancing with the Stars: Juniors, a spin-off of Dancing with the Stars that will feature child stars and dancers. During their time on Toddlers & Tiaras, June was filmed giving Alana, who was then 6 years old, a drink she referred to as \"go-go juice.\" Later on", "id": "8638149" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (New Zealand TV series)\n\n\nDancing with the Stars is a New Zealand television series based on the British series \"Strictly Come Dancing\". The show introduces New Zealand celebrities paired with professional ballroom dancers who each week compete against each other in a competition to impress a panel of judges and the viewing public in order to survive potential elimination. Through a telephone poll, viewers vote for those couples who should stay. The public vote and the average score given by the panel of judges equally go towards deciding who should leave. Proceeds from the voting go to", "id": "20109439" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 11)\n\n\nChaplin, Tony Dovolani, Chelsie Hightower, and Lacey Schwimmer danced during Swift's first number. Rod Stewart sang \"I Get a Kick out of You\" while Peta Murgatroyd and Damian Whitewood danced. Macy's Stars of Dance presented the cast of \"Mary Poppins\", who performed \"Step In Time\". Taio Cruz sang \"Dynamite\" while Dmitry Chaplin, Tony Dovolani, Chelsie Hightower, Kym Johnson, Peta Murgatroyd and Louis Van Amstel danced. John Legend and the Roots performed two numbers: \"Wake Up Everybody", "id": "13817491" }, { "contents": "Jussi Väänänen\n\n\nJussi Väänänen is a competitive dancer who won the Eurovision Dance Contest 2007 with his partner Katja Koukkula. Jussi and Katja started their professional career in 2000 and they are Finnish champions in competitive dance. They got 132 points in Eurovision Dance Contest by dancing the Rumba and Paso Doble. They've also won the British Open Rising Star contest in 2000. Jussi has also been the professional dancer in the Finnish version of Dancing with the Stars with his partner Katja Kannonlahti. Nowadays he has quit his career and he focuses on teaching and", "id": "3851732" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 8)\n\n\nSeason eight of \"Dancing with the Stars\" premiered on Monday, March 10, 2009, as part of ABC's spring line-up. The show generally followed the format of previous seasons, with 13 couples, although there were some changes, including two new dances (Argentine tango and Lindy Hop), and an occasional dance-off between the bottom two couples, in order to determine who will be eliminated. The show was again hosted by Tom Bergeron and Samantha Harris. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli and Carrie", "id": "10195143" }, { "contents": "Dance Dance Revelation\n\n\nwhile asking. \"Dance Dance Revelation\" is the second episode written by Iiana Wernick. Wernick had previously written the first season finale, \"Family Portrait\". The episode was also the first episode directed by Gail Mancuso. The episode features Danny Trejo as the school janitor, Gus. On October 7, 2010, William Keck of \"TV Guide\" reported that movie star Danny Trejo was set to guest star as a janitor who befriends Gloria. The episode was originally reported by \"TV Guide\" to have Claire become", "id": "11070154" }, { "contents": "Lord of the Dance (musical)\n\n\nLord of the Dance is an Irish musical and dance production that was created, choreographed, and produced by Irish-American dancer Michael Flatley, who also took a starring role. The music for the show was written by Ronan Hardiman. Michael Flatley found his first fame starring in \"Riverdance\", but he left the show in late 1995 due to conflicts over creative control. He dreamed of, and put into action, a plan of putting together a dance show capable of playing in arenas and stadiums instead of traditional theatres", "id": "20238529" }, { "contents": "Tony Irving\n\n\nAnthony Spencer \"Tony\" Irving (born 5 July 1966), is a British-Swedish TV-personality, radiopresenter and entertainer, best known as the jury chairman from TV4's (Swedish television channel) dance program \"Let's Dance.\" Irving grew up in Ainsworth and is a professional dancer, choreographer and entertainer, who became famous in Sweden in 2006 when starring as a judge on the popular TV-show Lets Dance. Besides Lets Dance, Tony has written several books, starred in other Swedish TV-", "id": "4534092" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (American TV series)\n\n\nwere eliminated, based on the previous week's voting. The show began with a group contemporary routine for all of the contestants and all-stars. Later, four of the female all-stars danced a contemporary routine, and Comfort and the five male all-stars danced a hip-hop number. Each of the contestants danced a routine in their primary style with their all-star, paired with another contestant for a routine in a new genre, and also performed a short solo dance in their own genre.", "id": "20139237" }, { "contents": "Mark Hamill\n\n\nStar Citizen\" computer game universe as Lieutenant Commander Steve \"Old Man\" Colton. In 2003, Hamill starred in the two-hander play \"Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks\" as the acerbic dance instructor Michael Minetti. He played opposite Rue McClanahan for the season at the Coconut Grove Playhouse in Miami, and opposite Polly Bergen as the production moved on to Broadway. Hamill also directed and starred in the 2004 direct-to-DVD \"\". A comic book fan who attended science fiction and comic conventions before he", "id": "13511262" }, { "contents": "Celebrity Big Brother (British series 22)\n\n\nevicted on Day 19. Kirstie Alley is an American Emmy Award and Golden Globe winning Hollywood actress, known for her role as Rebecca Howe in NBC sitcom \"Cheers\" between 1987 and 1993. As well as this, she has starred in films such as \"\", \"Look Who's Talking\" and \"Drop Dead Gorgeous\". She has also taken part in the American dance television series \"Dancing with the Stars\" for its twelfth and fifteenth all-star series. She entered the house on Day 1.", "id": "21576338" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars\n\n\ncompetition. Lilia Kopylova was the head of the judging panel of four. Azra Akın won the competition with her partner Nikolai. In Ukraine the show started in September 2006 on television channel 1+1 under the name \"Танці з зірками\" (\"Tantsi z zirkamy\") which stands for \"Dances With The Stars\". The show was hosted by Yuriy Horbunov and Tina Karol. The star contestants were paired with famous Ukrainian dancers, who had won major international competitions. The winners of the show were rewarded with the", "id": "4751601" }, { "contents": "Marques Houston\n\n\nseasons due to UPN merging with The WB to become The CW which caused \"Cuts\" along with many other UPN shows to get cancelled. In 2007 Houston starred in the horror film \"Somebody Help Me\". He then starred in the sequel, \"Somebody Help Me 2\" in 2010. In 2012 Houston starred in a kids hip hop dance battle film, \"Battlefield America\". He portrayed Sean Lewis, an ad executive who serves as a dance teacher after receiving a sentence of community service; however, he", "id": "8401858" }, { "contents": "Sabrina Bryan\n\n\n. She has been a celebrity correspondent for the behind-the-scenes look at season 8 of \"Dancing with the Stars\" for E! News, and TV Guide show \"Reality Chat\". For season 9 of \"Dancing with the Stars\", she co-hosted TV Guide show \"Reality Chat\" and hosted backstage at \"Dancing with the Stars\" on abc.com. Bryan was asked back to co-host backstage at \"Dancing with the Stars\" for the 10th through 12th seasons. She has interviewed", "id": "17214711" }, { "contents": "Kym Herjavec\n\n\n\"Dancing with the Stars\". Dancing with the Stars Australia results: Later the same year (2006), Johnson appeared on season 3 of the US \"Dancing with the Stars\", partnering with talk show icon Jerry Springer. They proved to be popular and were the 7th couple sent off. During the series Johnson wrote a Behind the Scenes' Diary for OK! Magazine Australia. Johnson later continued to tour America with the \"Dancing with the Stars\" Tour, but was unable to perform in every show due", "id": "15257075" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 12)\n\n\nsong. During each song, the \"Dancing with the Stars\" dance troupe or guest dancers perform a choreographed dance. Unless otherwise noted, the \"Dancing with the Stars\" dance troupe performed during the musical number. Chris Brown performed \"Yeah 3x\" and a medley of \"Forever\"/\"Beautiful People\" while his own dancers performed. The dance troupe also performed to the song \"Dance to the Music\". Music was provided by the house band. OneRepublic performed \"Good Life\" while Dmitry Chaplin and Lacey Schwimmer danced,", "id": "18353065" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)\n\n\nDancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1, 2005, on ABC. It is the US version of the UK series \"Strictly Come Dancing\". The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron, alongside Erin Andrews, who became co-host in season eighteen. Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen. The twenty-seventh season premiered on September 24, 2018", "id": "2610046" }, { "contents": "Paris by Night 93\n\n\nParis by Night 93: Celebrity Dancing - Khiêu Vũ Của Các Ngôi Sao is a Paris by Night program produced by Thuy Nga that was filmed at the Charles M. Schulz Theatre in Knott's Berry Farm on May 14, 2008. The show is an adaptation from the international reality TV show \"Dancing with the Stars\" where Thúy Nga contracted-singers were paired up with professional ballroom dancers who have participated in \"Dancing with the Stars\" and \"So You Think You Can Dance\". The singers compete to become the", "id": "2922389" }, { "contents": "Danse avec les stars, la tournée\n\n\nDanse avec les stars – La tournée is a dance show tour built upon the French show \"Danse avec les stars\". The first tour had 21 shows, 20 in France and one in Belgium. The tour was announced in October 2013, during the fourth season of \"Danse avec les stars\". Stars from different seasons of \"Danse avec les stars\" joins the tour. With the stars, there are professional dancers, who also have participated the show during its seven seasons. The tour had its opening evening", "id": "14463692" }, { "contents": "Kelly Monaco\n\n\n. In February 2009, Monaco expanded her dancing résumé with \"Peepshow\", a burlesque act directed by Tony Award-winning director Jerry Mitchell, that plays at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino in Las Vegas. Monaco starred as Bo Peep, a precocious character who discovers her sexuality throughout the show. Monaco starred alongside singer and fellow \"Dancing with the Stars\" contestant Melanie Brown, until June 2009, when Monaco's contract expired and she was replaced by Holly Madison. The same year, Monaco was named \"Maxim", "id": "16827460" }, { "contents": "Phillip Poole\n\n\nis illustrated demonstrating moves and positions on the ice. In 2006 Poole and Towler-Green starred at Somerset House's New Year's Eve extravaganza, televised live on BBC One, alongside stars including Jamelia, Natasha Kaplinsky and Sophie Ellis-Bextor. During series two of ITV's \"Dancing On Ice\" reality TV show in 2007, Poole and Towler-Green were the ice dancing couple who appeared in the DFS promotional sting in each edition. In October 2010 Poole starred in the charity gala event \"Inspiration on Ice\"", "id": "19564139" }, { "contents": "Star Wars Headspace\n\n\nUnited States \"Billboard\" Dance/Electronic Albums chart and becoming the second various artists compilation to top the chart. However, it also garnered a mixed response from music critics, praise going towards its eccentric concept and criticism that it would likely only be enjoyed by fans of the film series. \"Star Wars Headspace\" is a compilation album of electronic dance music featuring sound effects and samples from the \"Star Wars\" films. Musicians Rick Rubin and Kevin Kusatsu, who executively produced the album, gave the producers files of", "id": "20657911" }, { "contents": "Stars Dance\n\n\n\" Natalie Palmer from Entertainmentwise took perspective of other critics and commentators, saying the album should have been praised for \"trying something new\". She discussed \"'Stars Dance' isn't what you would expect from a girl who was once a Disney princess. Many often go for the bubblegum pop or the angry rock chick but the 21-year-old has opted for an edgier genre and a unique sound.\" Matthew Horton from Virgin Media awarded the album two stars. He criticized her \"lack of personality\" in most", "id": "22082234" }, { "contents": "Wembley Park\n\n\nstructures to retain water, as the swimming pool itself was no longer usable. International basketball had been played in the Pool before the warm but it now became a regular feature, starring the Harlem Globetrotters, who would perform at Wembley from 1950 until 1982. Most importantly, two popular music concerts intended to raise money for Vera Lynn’s SOS charity were held in 1959. These were the Record Star Show in March, and the Starlight Dance on 17 October. 9,000 people attended the Record Star Show, and the Starlight Dance", "id": "2483828" }, { "contents": "Gazzarri's\n\n\nthe clubs or enjoying the scene packed with thousands of other musicians, famous rock stars, porn stars, groupies and Los Angeles teenagers. The nightclub also moonlighted variously over the years a stage-dance venue, and Gazzarri's would often feature the strip-club style dancing of attractive, young girls between live band performances. The \"Miss Gazzarri's Dancers\" included future \"Playboy\" Playmate and Hugh Hefner girlfriend Barbi Benton as well as future television star Catherine Bach. The club became a favorite hangout for teen dancers who", "id": "6010071" }, { "contents": "Shantanu Maheshwari\n\n\nBollywood theme park in Dubai which opened in October 2016. He also appeared in a promotional dance video for Fashion at Big Bazaar alongside Terence Lewis (choreographer). He then participated in the celebrity dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa on Colors. He was one of the most consistent performers in the show and became the most popular and strongest contender for the title. He received praise from seasoned actor Ronit Roy who called him a \"winner and my star\". Bollywood star Hrithik Roshan called Maheshwari a 'flying star'.", "id": "8746450" }, { "contents": "Dancing Stars (Bulgarian TV series)\n\n\nDancing Stars is the Bulgarian adaptation of the BBC Worldwide format \"Dancing With The Stars\". The first season of the show started on 22 September 2008 and was aired on bTV. The first season of the show was hosted by Radost Draganova and Todor Kolev. It aired from Monday to Thursday with two live shows, on Monday (main show) and Thursday (results show) and two background episodes on Tuesday and Wednesday. Dancing stars 1 was produced by Old School Productions and proved to be a huge success reaching an", "id": "5493409" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 26)\n\n\nBruno Tonioli returned as judges. On May 7, season 24 champion Rashad Jennings returned as a guest judge. On May 14, season 24 runner-up David Ross returned as a guest judge. The dance troupe for season 26 consists of season 25 troupe members Artur Adamski, Brandon Armstrong, Hayley Erbert, and Britt Stewart. Additionally, professional dancer Morgan Larson, who performed on the \"Dancing with the Stars: Light Up the Night\" tour, joined the troupe for season 26. This table only counts dances scored", "id": "17820143" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars\n\n\nOlena Shoptenko won the main prize. In the United States, the show is called \"Dancing with the Stars\", which airs on ABC featuring athletes, singers, actors, and professional dancers. It is currently hosted by Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews. The show is a huge hit since it debuted in 2005. The Spanish-language network Univision also has its own version in 2010 under the name \"Mira Quien Baila\" (\"Look Who's Dancing\"), which airs on Sunday nights with the fifth season", "id": "4751603" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 1)\n\n\nThe Australian TV series \"Dancing with the Stars\" premiered on Tuesday 5 October 2004 and concluded on Tuesday 23 November 2004. \"Home and Away\" star Bec Hewitt (née Cartwright) and partner Michael Mizner won the series, with politician Pauline Hanson and her partner Salvatore Vecchio as runner-up. The Australian TV series \"Dancing with the Stars premiered on Tuesday 5 October 2004 and concluded on Tuesday 23 November 2004. It featured the following celebrities. The average chart is based on the dances performed by the celebrities and", "id": "18661127" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 2)\n\n\nThe second season of the Australian \"Dancing with the Stars\" TV series premiered on Tuesday 8 February 2005 and concluded on Tuesday 26 April 2005. \"The Great Outdoors\" presenter Tom Williams and his partner Kym Johnson won the series, defeating NRL star Ian Roberts and his partner, Natalie Lowe. The second season of the Australian \"Dancing with the Stars TV series premiered on Tuesday 8 February 2005 and concluded on Tuesday 26 April 2005. It featured the following celebrities. The celebrities and professional partners will dance one of these", "id": "18661143" }, { "contents": "Croydon Youth Theatre Organisation\n\n\n, dance, technical production and direction for young people aged 13–21. The Shoestring Theatre has a theatre space with seating for 76, a dance studio and rehearsal space. CYTO has been the springboard for stars such as Russell Floyd, who starred in \"EastEnders\" and \"The Bill\", Paul Bazely (\"Pirates of the Caribbean\", \"Benidorm\" and many radio plays), Craig Stevenson, who has enjoyed a 30-year career as a professional actor, appearing in \"Robin Hood\", Prince of Thieves\"", "id": "7040865" }, { "contents": "A Summer in a Sea Shell\n\n\nthinking of his daughter Kaja Štiglic, who also starred in the films, because she liked to dance. The music in the first film, including the song \"Prisluhni školjki\" (\"A Song In a Seashell\"), was written by Jani Golob and performed by the keyboard player Miha Kralj. David Sluga, who played the role of Tomaz, was chosen to audition for the film because of his dancing. Sluga originally had no interest in auditioning for the film until he realized that it was a starring role,", "id": "8177055" }, { "contents": "Dance squad\n\n\n. College dance squads are like traditional high school squads in that both include competition and performance dance, but there are many differences between the two. For example, a college squad will most likely dance on the sidelines at games or have a specific spot in the stands, but some high school teams will also perform on the sidelines. The U.S. All Star Federation governs all-star dance-pom squads. Tryouts for all-star dance squads may be conducted in different ways. Some teams have only one tryout in the", "id": "17416759" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars\n\n\n-singer and dancer Fei and her partner Kim Soo Ro. \"Nachley\" (lit. \"Dance\") is the Pakistani version of \"Dancing with the Stars\". The show is aired on ARY Digital and its theme is based around traditional Pakistani music and dance concepts. The first Peruvian reality show based on \"Dancing With The Stars\" was \"\" (2005–2006), hosted by Rebeca Escribens and broadcast on Panamericana Televisión (channel 5) on Saturday afternoon. The show had two seasons, then it was", "id": "4751595" }, { "contents": "Alec Mazo\n\n\nthan a few celebrities who lasted longer than them. Mazo appeared on the fifth season of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Mazo and his partner, supermodel Josie Maran, were eliminated on September 26, 2007, after the first week of competition, making it the second time in a row he was eliminated first. Mazo competed for the title with partner, Grammy Award-winning singer, Toni Braxton in Season 7 of \"Dancing with the Stars\". After six dances, Braxton and Mazo became the fifth couple to", "id": "12765889" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 11)\n\n\nKyle Massey and activist Bristol Palin, making her partner Derek Hough the first professional to win the competition three times. Florence Henderson, who competed in this season, died on November 24, 2016. This marks the first death of a contestant in the show's history. On the premiere of season 24, a star with her name on it was placed on the dance floor in her honor. This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale (the scores earned from the marathon week 6 & the guest", "id": "13817484" }, { "contents": "Dancing Uncle (Sanjeev Shrivastva)\n\n\nSanjeev Shrivastva is an Indian professor and casual dancer in bhabha University,Bhopal. who gained popularity after a dance video went viral. The video was shot on 12 May during the ladies’ ‘sangeet’ (music) ceremony from a marriage of his brother-in-law was attending in Gwalior (MP). He was dancing to a song by super star Govinda. Film star Govinda also watched that video and gave his reaction. After that video, Shrivastva met superstar Salman Khan. Srivastava is a professor at Bhopal", "id": "16867228" }, { "contents": "Parris Goebel\n\n\n. Goebel went on to choreograph and direct all thirteen of Justin Bieber's Purpose: The Movement videos. These videos have totalled over 4.6 billion views combined. Goebel and her father, who is also her manager, run The Palace Dance Studio in Auckland. In 2012, Goebel starred on both \"America's Best Dance Crew\" and \"Dancing With the Stars Australia\". She then worked on Jennifer Lopez's 2012 world tour and performed with her on the \"American Idol\" season 11 finale. Goebel went on to", "id": "19229008" }, { "contents": "Daryl Somers\n\n\nas a guest on the Network Ten program \"Rove Live\". In late 2004, Somers returned to the small screen when he made the move to sign with Nine's archrival, the Seven Network, hosting \"Dancing with the Stars\", a live program where 10 celebrities compete each week in a dance competition. On 30 November 2007, Somers announced that he would leave \"Dancing with the Stars\". Somers was replaced by actor Daniel MacPherson, who was the host from season 8 till season 14. Somers had", "id": "3276849" }, { "contents": "Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star\n\n\nThaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star (ತಕಧಿಮಿತ ಡಾನ್ಸಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್) is a Kannada dance reality show broadcast by ETV Kannada in 2014. It is an adaptation of Colors TV's \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\". The show format is owned by BBC Worldwide Limited. It features celebrities as contestants who are paired with professional dancers competing for a cash prize of 15 Lakhs. The judges are Guruprasad,Rakshita, and Yogesh. Akul Balaji is the host.The show premiered on 11 January 2014. Grand finale was held at Innovative Film City and", "id": "715401" }, { "contents": "Ashly DelGrosso\n\n\nas Lori, one of the character's dance partner. She is part of a DVD titled \"Dancing With The Stars: Cardio Dance\" along with Kym Johnson and Maksim Chmerkovskiy. A bio on ABC's website during Season 1 of \"Dancing with the Stars\" stated that DelGrosso's height is 5'3\". On October 21, 2006, DelGrosso married Mike Costa, a field producer for \"Dancing with the Stars\". On February 20, 2007, DelGrosso announced that she and her husband were expecting their first child", "id": "10467052" }, { "contents": "Maksim Chmerkovskiy\n\n\nto Rising Stars, Chmerkovskiy owns several social and competitive dance studios under the brand \"Dance With Me.\" Most are in the New York metropolitan area. Chmerkovskiy competed as a professional dancer on \"Dancing with the Stars\" for fifteen seasons. He was often referred to as \"the bad boy of the ballroom.\" Chmerkovskiy first appeared in the second season of the ABC series \"Dancing with the Stars\" partnered with actress Tia Carrere. The pair's most successful dance was their tango. They finished in sixth place", "id": "2564877" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance (American season 8)\n\n\nthe Top 20 format from seasons 2–6 and the All-Star format from season 7. The finals began with a Top 20. When the show reached Top 10 week, contestants from previous seasons (the All-Stars) partnered current contestants in individual dance genres. Lythgoe has noted that although fans of the show complained about season 7's format and missed \"the interconnection between people who had never been in competition before,\" \"putting [contestants] with an All-Star lifted their game immensely,\" which informed", "id": "21586282" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 14)\n\n\nSeason fourteen of \"Dancing with the Stars\" premiered on March 19, 2012. Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts, while Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli all returned as judges. The Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided the music throughout the season. Green Bay Packers wide receiver Donald Driver won the competition over British classical crossover singer Katherine Jenkins and Cuban-American Telenovela star William Levy, who took 2nd and 3rd place respectively. Driver is also the third NFL player (including retired)", "id": "2826814" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars: Juniors\n\n\nDancing with the Stars: Juniors is an American children's dance competition television series that premiered on October 7, 2018 on ABC. It is a spin-off of the \"Dancing with the Stars\" series. The format of the show features celebrity children (either in their own right or having celebrity parentage) paired with professional junior ballroom dancers and mentored by an adult professional dancer. The couples compete against each other by performing choreographed dance routines in front of a panel of judges. As of July 2019, there is", "id": "13694102" }, { "contents": "Fred Astaire\n\n\nof rhythm, his perfectionism, his innovation, and as the dancing partner and on-screen romantic interest of Ginger Rogers, with whom he co-starred in a series of ten Hollywood musicals. Astaire was named by the American Film Institute as the fifth greatest male star of Classic Hollywood cinema in 100 Years... 100 Stars. Gene Kelly, another renowned star of filmed dance, said that \"the history of dance on film begins with Astaire.\" Later, he asserted that Astaire was \"the only one of today", "id": "17350877" }, { "contents": "Star Camp\n\n\nStar Camp is a German performing arts camp that was created in 2009. The camp kicked off in Büren, Nuremberg and Werbellinsee. During the Easter holidays of 2010, Star Camp headed towards Helmarshausen in Bad Karlshafen, Hesse. The Star Camp takes place every year. Since 2013 Robin Redelfs is the owner. Star Camp offers professional coaching in areas such as singing, dancing and interview training. It was initiated by German singing sensation LaFee, who stated it was always her dream to create a camp for young, talented individuals", "id": "2742554" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 10)\n\n\nare the only stars not to land on this list. According to the traditional 30-point scale (team dances not included): Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli. In addition to recapping the week's earlier performances by the competitors, each results show features one or more guest musical performers/acts who perform at least one song. During each song, the Dancing with the", "id": "13965392" }, { "contents": "List of So You Think You Can Dance finalists (American season 3)\n\n\nRussell Ferguson and Mollee Gray. Both Garnis and Kovalev have also recently guest-choreographed for the third season of SYTYCD Australia, and are currently involved in Jason Gilkinson's production \"Burn the Floor\". Kovalev was an \"All-Star\" for the seventh and eighth seasons of SYTYCD America. In 2011, he joined UK's \"Strictly Come Dancing\" (the original BBC show that spawned \"Dancing With the Stars\") as a professional dancer. Ashlee Caroline Langas is a contemporary dancer from Tyler, Texas who", "id": "20603257" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (video game)\n\n\nstars the player enters the Dance Rehearsal round where they have to complete a certain dance routine of a random dance style, to earn a maximum of three stars. From Friday to Sunday, a live show option becomes available and the player follows the same format as the Dance Rehearsal round and tries to fill up a performance meter for four judges (Jackie, Goodwin, Ashlyn and Laurent). If they fill up the performance meter of each judge, they earn a perfect score for that particular judge. Unlike with the Rehearsal", "id": "15302270" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (Greek TV series)\n\n\nDancing with the Stars was a Greek dance competition television series that premiered on March 28, 2010, on ANT1 and filmed live in Athens. The show aired until February 1, 2015, on ANT1. In January 26, 2018 ANT1 premiered the sixth series and aired until May 4, 2018. The show is based on the United Kingdom BBC Television series \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and is part of BBC Worldwide's \"Dancing with the Stars\" franchise. The theme song is \"It's personal\" performed by Swedish", "id": "19321574" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (American TV series)\n\n\nthe finals round. The all-stars and their finalists are: The live shows were all two-hour broadcasts. The first live show, on July 11, 2016, opened with a group dance by all ten contestants dancing with their all-stars and all together, futuristically dressed in white. In the middle of the show there was a contemporary group dance by the all-stars, and the show ended with a group hip-hop dance by all of the top-ten contestants. During the show,", "id": "20139231" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (South African TV series)\n\n\nDancing with the Stars SA is a South African dance competition television series that premiered on February 4, 2018 on M-Net. The show is the South African version of the BBC Worldwide format \"Dancing with the Stars\". The show is produced by Rapid Blue and co-hosted by Tracey Lange and Chris Jaftha. The format of the show consists of 6 male and 6 female celebrities paired with a professional dancer. Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes. The", "id": "22180772" }, { "contents": "Dianne Buswell\n\n\nChampions for 2008 and 2010. She also appeared on \"So You Think You Can Dance Australia\". Buswell joined the live dance show \"Burn the Floor\" in January 2011. She joined Australia's \"Dancing with the Stars\" in 2015, paired with Australian AFL star Jude Bolton; they were the fifth couple eliminated. Following her elimination from \"Dancing with the Stars\", Buswell rejoined the \"Burn the Floor\" tour. Buswell joined the BBC's \"Strictly Come Dancing\" in 2017. Her celebrity partner", "id": "250135" }, { "contents": "Striptease\n\n\nstripper named Christina (Mia Kirshner). \"Showgirls\" (1995) was directed by Paul Verhoeven and starred Elizabeth Berkley and Gina Gershon. \"Striptease\" (1996), was an adaptation of the novel starring Demi Moore.\" Barb Wire\" (1996), starred Pamela Anderson (of \"Baywatch\" fame), who performs a wet striptease. \"The Full Monty\" (1997) is a story of British ex-steel workers who form a Chippendales-style dance revue and decide to strip naked to", "id": "3294740" }, { "contents": "So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (American TV series)\n\n\nRuby was eliminated, based on the previous week's voting. The show began with a group routine for all of the contestants and all-stars. Each of the contestants then danced with his or her all-star in their primary style. Two groups of all-stars danced separately: first a contemporary routine and then a Broadway number. In the second half of the show, the contestants each choreographed a duet with his or her all-star in their own genre, choosing the concept, music, costumes and", "id": "20139238" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)\n\n\nspecial pre-recorded episode aired as a 10th anniversary special with many former stars and professional dancers returning to the ballroom. Many past stars performed and reflected on their time on the show. Patti LaBelle, Amber Riley, and Lil' Kim performed LaBelle's \"Lady Marmalade\". The show closed with the largest number of people dancing in the show's history as stars, pros, hosts, and judges were all out on the dance floor. In seasons 9 and 10, three tribute performances were done to honor the", "id": "2610074" }, { "contents": "American Honey (film)\n\n\nsympathetic toward them and goes out to buy them groceries. At the pickup that day, Jake is in the van, and Star is confused as to whether to be happy to see him or not. That evening, the crew light a bonfire. Dancing around the fire, Star is pulled aside by Jake, who privately hands her a turtle. Star takes it to the edge of the water and releases it before following the turtle into the water. Star then immerses herself fully before rising out of the water as the", "id": "22005496" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (New Zealand series 2)\n\n\nThe second series of \"Dancing with the Stars\" premiered on 7 May 2006. It had an average of 804,000 people watching, more than the first series, and up to a million tuned into the finale. Rebecca Nicholson (who partnered Tim Shadbolt in the first series) was the only dancer to be part of the series, and partnered \"Shortland Street\" actor David Wikaira-Paul. One of the most memorable moments in series two was celebrity Rodney Hide and his partner Krystal Stuart, who were awarded only one", "id": "16791300" }, { "contents": "Luda Kroitor\n\n\nLuda Kroitor is a salsa dancer from Australia. She is a five time world Salsa champion. She also won Australia's \"Dancing with the Stars\" twice. Kroitor was born in Moldova. She moved to Australia at ten years old. At 10 years old she partnered with dancer Oliver Pineda. Kroitor is the former five time world Salsa champion with dance partner Oliver Pineda. She is known for her role as dance instructor on \"Dancing with the Stars\". She rose to fame after winning \"Dancing with the Stars", "id": "11987409" }, { "contents": "Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)\n\n\nsecond DVD \"Dancing with the Stars: Latin Cardio Dance\" was released on September 13, 2008, featuring Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Cheryl Burke. The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from cha-cha, Merengue, samba and mambo dance routines. A companion book written by Guy Phillips was released in the early fall of 2007. Titled \"Dancing with the Stars: Jive, Samba and Tango Your Way Into The Best Shape Of Your Life\", the book includes fitness routines modeled by Alec Mazo and Edyta Sliwinska, as well", "id": "2610078" }, { "contents": "Star Search\n\n\nfinal series, the Comedy category was scrapped altogether and only the singing and dancing categories remained. For the first three series, two new competitors faced off. The three house judges, along with the one celebrity judge, gave each contestant a score on a scale from one to five stars, making a maximum studio score 20 stars. During each commercial break, the home audience went to www.cbs.com/star to rate the competitors who just performed. Each performer could earn up to another 20 stars from the home audience. In the climactic", "id": "12298034" } ]

[ { "contents": "African World Heritage Day\n\n\nAfrican World Heritage Day is a day declared by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to celebrate the cultural and natural heritage of Africa. The day is celebrated on the 5th of May each year. UNESCO declared the day in 2018. Proclaimed by the 38th session of the General Conference of UNESCO (November 2015), African World Heritage Day (5 May) is an opportunity for people around the world, and particularly Africans, to celebrate the continent's unique cultural and natural heritage. While Africa is", "id": "12909762" }, { "contents": "National Blood Donation Day\n\n\nMontana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Arizona has proclaimed September 3-10th Arizona Blood Donation Week. Oklahoma proclaimed the month of September Blood Donation Month. Alaska proclaimed the month of July Blood Donation Month. In 2019, National Blood Donation Day is September 5th. States who have already declared this date their Blood Donation Day", "id": "12925722" }, { "contents": "World Teachers' Day\n\n\nWorld Teachers' Day, also known as International Teachers Day, is held annually on October 5. Established in 1994, it commemorates the signing of the 1966 UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which is a standard-setting instrument that addresses the status and situations of teachers around the world. This recommendation outlines standards relating to education personnel policy, recruitment, and initial training as well as the continuing education of teachers, their employment, and working conditions. World Teachers' Day aims to focus on \"appreciating", "id": "1446052" }, { "contents": "National Blood Donation Week\n\n\nfollowing states proclaimed September 8 to be their state Blood Donation Day for 2017: Arizona declared Arizona Blood Donation Week September 4-10. Maryland declared Maryland Blood Donation Day to be September 7. In 2018, National Blood Donation Day will fall on September 5th, the Wednesday of National Blood Donation Week. Governors in the following states proclaimed September 5 to be their state Blood Donation Day for 2018: Arizona has proclaimed September 3-10th Arizona Blood Donation Week. Oklahoma proclaimed the month of September Blood Donation Month. Alaska proclaimed", "id": "4922374" }, { "contents": "Pages for Peace\n\n\nPages for Peace is a book created as an after school enrichment program by the Groton-Dunstable Regional Middle School in Groton, Massachusetts. The group created the second largest book in the world (by physical dimensions). The subject of the book they have chosen to create is World Peace. This enrichment program was created by 5th grade teacher Betsy Sawyer. \"Pages for Peace\" consists of recollections and reflections on the topic of World Peace from people all over the world. In October 2004 eight 5th grade students joined Pages", "id": "21076020" }, { "contents": "5th convocation of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia\n\n\nOn 10 October, Parliament in its autumn session terminated Kobakhia's membership. There was only one candidate to succeed Kobakhia, history teacher Eduard Khashba, who was nominated by an initiative group on 7 November and registered by the Central Election Commission on 18 November. The election on 10 December was declared invalid due to low turnout, with only 298 votes cast. On 10 October, Daur Arshba was appointed Head of the Presidential Administration. That same day Parliament in its autumn session terminated Arshba's membership. There was only one candidate", "id": "13185924" }, { "contents": "National Catholic Educational Association\n\n\nto a deserving Catholic school student from their community. The awards are given in early October in Washington, DC. Youth Virtues, Valor and Vision Awards. This award recognizes Catholic school students in elementary and secondary schools who through their selfless service, determination, innovation and ideals are changing the world. The honorees embody the standards of personal conduct and public service through their faith, leadership and service to others. Lead. Learn. Proclaim. Awards These awards recognize outstanding Catholic schools that honor the efforts and contributions that teachers,", "id": "18634460" }, { "contents": "List of Teachers' Days\n\n\non 11 September) since 1915; while in India Guru Purnima is traditionally observed as a day to venerate teachers, the birthday of the second president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September) is also celebrated as Teacher's Day since 1962. Many countries celebrate World Teachers' Day, established by UNESCO in 1994, on 5 October as their Teachers' Day. A day for homeschool teacher appreciation has been suggested, which several homeschooling groups subsequently organized. A United States \"parents as teachers day\" has existed on November 8 since the", "id": "868996" }, { "contents": "Day of Macedonian Uprising in 1941\n\n\nThe day of the Macedonian Uprising in 1941 is October 11. It marks the anniversary of the beginning of the Macedonian uprising against fascism during World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia. Since the times of SFRY this was the national holiday in SR Macedonia and later in Republic of Macedonia it was proclaimed a public holiday. It is a non-working day. During the Second World War, the Axis powers invaded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, of which today Republic of Macedonia was part called Vardar Banovina. On October 11, 1941,", "id": "20541389" }, { "contents": "Independence Day (Israel)\n\n\n' באייר) in the Hebrew calendar, the anniversary of the day on which Israeli independence was proclaimed, when David Ben-Gurion publicly read the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The corresponding Gregorian date was 14 May 1948. However, nowadays Independence Day is rarely celebrated on the 5th of Iyar itself, and on most years is moved forward or backwards by one or two days. According to the rules of the Jewish calendar explained in Days of week on Hebrew calendar, the 5th of Iyar can fall on a Monday, a", "id": "4747806" }, { "contents": "Ephrata Area School District\n\n\nGrade Math: 5th Grade Reading: 5th Grade Math: In 2007, the Ephrata Area School District employed 256 teachers. The average teacher salary in the district was $50,677 for 180 days worked. In addition to a defined benefit pension, health insurance, life insurance, vision insurance, dental insurance, professional development reimbursement, 10 paid sick days which accumulate, 2 paid personal days, 1 paid emergency leave day and a variety of other benefits. In 2009, the district employed over 420 teachers with a salary range of", "id": "19826013" }, { "contents": "Theosophical Society\n\n\nof the Maitreya as \"World Teacher\" was Charles Webster Leadbeater, then an influential Theosophist and occultist. In 1909 he \"discovered\" Jiddu Krishnamurti, an adolescent Indian boy, who he proclaimed as the most suitable candidate for the \"vehicle\" of the \"World Teacher\". Krishnamurti's family had relocated next to the Theosophical Society headquarters in Adyar, India, a few months earlier. Following his \"discovery\", Krishnamurti was taken under the wing of the Society, and was extensively groomed in preparation for his expected", "id": "20575370" }, { "contents": "World Science Day for Peace and Development\n\n\nundertaken on a Science Day for Peace and Development. The feasibility study encompassed a broad consultation with stakeholders and was approved by UNESCO's Executive Board at its 162nd Session in October 2000 before being endorsed by the 31st Session of the UNESCO General Conference (Paris, October–November 2001). The General Conference brings all member states of UNESCO together every two years to adopt the programme and budget for the coming biennium. It was decided by the General Conference to proclaim 10 November of each year World Science Day for Peace and Development", "id": "16207675" }, { "contents": "Canada–Netherlands relations\n\n\nCanada and the Netherlands have a special relationship resulting from actions during World War II when Canadian forces led the liberation of the Netherlands and hosted the Dutch Royal Family in exile. The special relationship is still visible today, with the Canadian government describing the Netherlands as \"one of Canada's most significant trade, investment and innovation partners.\" In part, the Canadian Tulip Festival still commemorates this relationship. In 2019, Dutch Heritage Day was proclaimed as being on May 5th each year. Coinciding with Liberation Day in the Netherlands.", "id": "14022540" }, { "contents": "Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell\n\n\nin April 1591. Francis broke out of the castle on 22 June 1591, while the king was away at the wedding of Lilias Murray and John Grant of Freuchie at Tullibardine, and headed south. He was convinced that the Chancellor, John Maitland of Thirlstane, was behind his accusation. He was proclaimed an outlaw three days later. He was thought to be in Leith on 18 October, where his wife was staying, and the king hunted for him. Sir James Sandilands captured his servant Robert Scott and Valentine, the", "id": "1568035" }, { "contents": "Siti Zaharah Sulaiman\n\n\nas Deputy Minister of Health she officiated the launch of the No Tobacco Month 1998 at Pasar Budaya, Kuala Lumpur on May 31, 1998. Since 1989, May 31 was proclaimed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as World No Tobacco Day. Siti Zaharah was elected to the UMNO Supreme Council of the 2000-2003 session. The 'veiled' image is shocking 'of UMNO women. In October 1996, he won the Wanita Umno Leader's Head defeating Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz (1984-1996) with a", "id": "9121169" }, { "contents": "Moms I'd Like to Forget\n\n\nname of this episode also plays on the acronym MILF. The episode opens with a dodge ball match between the 4th and 5th graders. Bart ends up hitting the last 5th grader, but he catches it after it comes back down, making the 5th graders win the match. In the days that follow, the 4th and 5th graders commit acts of war against each other, even dragging the staff into it when a 5th grade teacher insults Edna Krabappel's class and it sparks a mass teacher brawl in the staff room (", "id": "4569118" }, { "contents": "Sanskara (rite of passage)\n\n\nprocess of learning started shifting to an earlier age of a child with time. The ceremony is observed on the same day for all children in their 5th year, on the day of Vijayadasami which is on the tenth of the Hindu month Ashvin (September–October). It includes a prayer to goddess Saraswati and deity Ganesh, a teacher is invited or the parents themselves work with the child to write \"Lipi\" (letters of the alphabet), draw \"Samkhya\" (numbers) or pictures, and sometimes play", "id": "16152919" }, { "contents": "Presentation of Mary Academy\n\n\nand many extra safety measures were taken. By the afternoon of October 5th, the Methuen Police Chief as well as the Head of School had announced that there was no longer any imminent threat and that school would proceed as normal the following day. In the late evening hours of October 5th, police reported that a student had confessed to writing the threatening messages on the school wall. Police also confirmed the following day, October 6th, that a juvenile felony charge would be filed against the student in question, who has not", "id": "6057763" }, { "contents": "Red Ribbon Week\n\n\nHunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry", "id": "7015412" }, { "contents": "World Tuberculosis Day\n\n\nproclaimed an official World TB Day. This was part of a year-long centennial effort by the IUATLD and the World Health Organization under the theme \"Defeat TB: Now and Forever.” World TB Day was not officially recognized as an annual occurrence by WHO's World Health Assembly and the United Nations until over a decade later. In the fall of 1995, WHO and the Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Foundation (KNCV) hosted the first World TB Day advocacy planning meeting in Den Haag, Netherlands; an event they would continue", "id": "5331829" }, { "contents": "World Senior Citizen's Day\n\n\nThe World Senior Citizen's Day is celebrated on the 21st of August each year. It was first proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 14, 1990. The celebration took place for the first time on 1st October 1991. The day is known to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as age deterioration and the study of problems that affect their lives, elder abuse. It is also a day to recognize and acknowledge the contributions of older people to society. The history", "id": "3122019" }, { "contents": "World Freedom Day (United States)\n\n\nand activism projects. Many conservative political commentators and activists use World Freedom Day as an occasion in which to acclaim President Ronald Reagan, whom they regard as being responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. On November 9, 2005, President Bush proclaimed November 9 as \"World Freedom day\". On November 8, 2016, President Barack Obama proclaimed \"World Freedom Day\" as November 9, 2016. On November 8, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed November 9, 2017,", "id": "19588372" }, { "contents": "Lovely Rivals\n\n\nLovely Rivals (; lit. \"Female teacher vs. female student\") is a 2004 South Korean comedy film about a harsh teacher and her headstrong 5th grade student who battle for the affection of the school's handsome new teacher. The film attracted 1,175,580 admissions in 2004. The scene in which the character Yeo Mi-ok is caught on camera slapping her student was based on a similar real-life incident from earlier in the year in which a teacher repeatedly punched a student in the face. On the first day of the", "id": "5261720" }, { "contents": "Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell\n\n\nal.) against the king, who now proceeded north, against them. The confederacy collapsed and Huntly and Errol agreed to go abroad. The king's pardon being revoked, another formal sentence of treason was proclaimed against Bothwell on 18 February 1594/5, the day of the execution of his half-brother, Hercules. Hercules supported his brother, but was captured with another by John Colville and William Hume, who promised them their lives, but they were then hanged, in spite of much popular sympathy, at the Market", "id": "1568047" }, { "contents": "James Percy FitzPatrick\n\n\nestablish citrus farming in South Africa. On 27 October 1919, a suggestion from Fitzpatrick for a moment of silence to be observed annually on 11 November, in honour of the dead of World War I, was forwarded to George V, then King of the United Kingdom, who on 7 November 1919, proclaimed \"that at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of all our normal", "id": "12148849" }, { "contents": "Evansville Day School\n\n\ntwo levels of preschool, Jr. PreK and PreK, as well as Kindergarten to 4th grades. Each grade has one teacher who teaches almost all of the students' classes, creating a unique student-teacher bond. Unlike most other middle schools in the area, Evansville Day School's middle school starts in the 5th grade and finishes in the 8th. In the 8th grade, all students take the high school classes of Algebra I and the first level of either French or Spanish. In each grade, EDS prides itself in", "id": "4254442" }, { "contents": "Oirats\n\n\nthe Khalkha prince who supported the Karma Kagyu school, and conquered Amdo (present-day Qinghai). The unification of Tibet followed in the early 1640s, with Güshi Khan proclaimed Khan of Tibet by the 5th Dalai Lama and the establishment of the Khoshut Khanate. The title \"Dalai Lama\" itself was bestowed upon the third lama of the Gelug tulku lineage by Altan Khan (not to be confused with the Altan Khans of the Khalkha), and means, in Mongolian, \"Ocean of Wisdom\". Amdo, meanwhile", "id": "797617" }, { "contents": "5th cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey\n\n\nThe 5th cabinet of executive ministers of Turkey (14 August 1923- 27 October 1923 ) was the fifth government formed by the nationalists after the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic was not yet proclaimed and the government was called \"\" (\"cabinet of executive ministers\") The chairman of the cabinet (equivalent to prime minister) was Fethi Bey (later named Okyar). Both Fethi Bey and the other members of the cabinet were elected by the parliament one by one. This cabinet was basically the same as the previous", "id": "16886889" }, { "contents": "2012 phenomenon\n\n\ndo Sul, a colony was built for survivors of the expected tragedy. In Alto Paraíso de Goiás, the hotels also made specific reservations for prophetic dates. On 11 October 2012, in the Brazilian city of Teresina, police interrupted what was believed to have been an attempted mass suicide by up to one hundred members of a cult headed by self-proclaimed prophet Luis Pereira dos Santos, who predicted the end of the world on the feast day of Our Lady of Aparecida. Santos was subsequently arrested. In Bolivia, President", "id": "13425922" }, { "contents": "World AIDS Day\n\n\nproclaimed \"World AIDS Day\" for 1 December. All the World AIDS Day campaigns focus on a specific theme, chosen following consultations with UNAIDS, WHO and a large number of grassroots, national and international agencies involved in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. As of 2008, each year's theme is chosen by the Global Steering Committee of the World AIDS Campaign (WAC). For each World AIDS Day from 2005 through 2010, the theme was \"Stop AIDS. Keep the Promise\", designed to encourage", "id": "19930235" }, { "contents": "Battle of Vittorio Veneto\n\n\n. The first days of the battle involved heavy artillery dueling between the two sides, which were fairly evenly matched in firepower with the Italians possessing 7,700 guns to the Austro-Hungarians' 6,000 guns. From 24 October to 31 October alone, the Italian artillery fired 2,446,000 shells. On 28 October, a group of Czechs declared Bohemia's independence from Austria-Hungary. The next day, another group purporting to represent the eventual South Slavs proclaimed their independence, and on 31 October, the Hungarian Parliament proclaimed their withdrawal from the", "id": "15453851" }, { "contents": "White Cane Safety Day\n\n\nWhite Cane Safety Day is a national observance in the United States, celebrated on October 15 of each year since 1964. The date is set aside to celebrate the achievements of people who are blind or visually impaired and the important symbol of blindness and tool of independence, the white cane. On October 6, 1964, a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress, , was signed into law as , and codified at . This resolution authorized the President of the United States to proclaim October 15 of each year as \"White Cane", "id": "9713799" }, { "contents": "Berwick Area School District\n\n\nday kindergarten. The school is a federally designated Title I school. In 2013, enrollment was 456 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 71% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school provides full day kindergarten to all pupils. In 2010, enrollment was 390 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 237 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 29 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.", "id": "4621017" }, { "contents": "Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day\n\n\nAwareness Day Bill 141 An Act to require research to be undertaken and programs to be developed for pregnancy loss and infant death and to proclaim October 15 as Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Day across Ontario received Royal Assent 2015 As a result of the American campaign effort, Concurrent Resolution 222, supporting the goals and ideals of National Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day, was passed in the House of Representatives on September 28, 2006. House Concurrent Resolution 222 proclaims October 15 of each year to be Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day in", "id": "422889" }, { "contents": "Middletown Area School District\n\n\n, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school has provided full-day kindergarten since 2003. The school is the lowest achieving school in the district. In 2010, Reid Elementary School enrolled 464 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 235 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 35 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 52% of 5th grade students", "id": "21048986" }, { "contents": "Presentation of Mary Academy\n\n\nlocal cities and towns, represents 3 New England states, and 4 countries. On the afternoon of October 4, 2017, threatening messages were discovered written on a school wall by a student after school hours. This prompted a massive police response and a 1 hour delay of classes the following day, October 5th. Additionally, all students arriving to school on October 5th were required to walk through a metal detector and to have their bags scanned by a computerized program. Police presence remained active throughout the school day on October 5th", "id": "6057762" }, { "contents": "Boris Schatz\n\n\nintroduced him to Franz Oppenheimer, a supporter of cooperative land settlement in Palestine, and Otto Warburg, later president of the World Zionist Organization. Both were enthusiastic about his idea of establishing an art school in Jerusalem. The founding of Bezalel was officially proclaimed on October 8, 1905. In 1911, Schatz married Olga Pevzner, a writer and art history teacher. Their children Zahara Schatz (1916–1999) and Bezalel Schatz (1912–1978), nicknamed Lilik, were also artists. Angelika became a painter, too, gaining recognition in", "id": "7983625" }, { "contents": "5th Reconnaissance Squadron\n\n\nto October 1921, the squadron and other units of the Air Brigade bombed battleships off the eastern seaboard. Mitchell was determined to prove airplanes could sink warships. In July, in the well known SMS Ostfriesland incident, brigade airplanes sunk a modern, German-made battleship. General Mitchell proclaimed the era of battleships had ended and the age of airpower had begun. On 1 August 1922, the 5th Observation Squadron joined with the 1st Observation Squadron to form the 9th Observation Group, today's 9th Operations Group and the 9th Reconnaissance", "id": "199487" }, { "contents": "Benjamin Creme\n\n\nRoad in London, England. His central message announced the emergence of a group of enlightened spiritual teachers who could guide humanity forward into the new Aquarian Age of peace and brotherhood based on the principles of love and sharing. At the head of this group would be a great Avatar, Maitreya, the World Teacher, expected by all the major religions as their \"Awaited One\": the Christ to the Christians, the Imam Mahdi to the Muslims, the Messiah for Jews and the 5th Buddha (Maitreya) for Buddhists.", "id": "7125508" }, { "contents": "Central Dauphin School District\n\n\nAccording to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten. In 2014, enrollment is 226 children K-5th. In 2010, Lawnton Elementary School had 228 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 70 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 19 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 12:1. Lawnton Elementary School achieved a score of 80.9 out of 100. The", "id": "15268176" }, { "contents": "Hamburg Area School District\n\n\nfamily poverty. The school is not a federally designated Title I school. The school employed 25 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 15:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under No Child Left Behind. The school provides full day kindergarten. In 2008 through 2012 inclusive, Perry Elementary School has achieved AP status under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. 5th Grade Reading: 5th Grade Math: In December 2011, Hamburg Area School", "id": "9696399" }, { "contents": "Šumadija District\n\n\nthis city of Serbian schooling has borne a symbol of grief: in the Memorial Park in Šumarice stands a monument to the pupils and teachers of this grammar school who were executed in World War II. Seeking to set a frightening example for all Serbia, German fascists executed 7,000 citizens in Kragujevac over the course of a single day, October 21, 1941. Among them were about 300 pupils and 18 teachers, including 15 boys from the ages of 8 to 15. Note: \"All official material made by Government of Serbia", "id": "13223716" }, { "contents": "Mongols\n\n\nShamanism. The Xianbei came in contact with Confucianism and Daoism but eventually adopted Buddhism. However, the Xianbeis in Mongolia and Rourans followed a form of Shamanism. In the 5th century the Buddhist monk Dharmapriya was proclaimed State Teacher of the Rouran Khaganate and given 3000 families and some Rouran nobles became Buddhists. In 511 the Rouran Douluofubadoufa Khan sent Hong Xuan to the Tuoba court with a pearl-encrusted statue of the Buddha as a gift. The Tuoba Xianbei and Khitans were mostly Buddhists, although they still retained their original Shamanism.", "id": "19315496" }, { "contents": "Alec Harper\n\n\n-day trek north-west through the Gangaw Range to rejoin Brigadier Mike Calvert's 77th Brigade south of Hopin. At the end of the Burma campaign, Harper accompanied the 3rd/9th to Java as part of the 5th Indian Division where Indonesian nationalists had proclaimed independence from Dutch rule, and the withdrawal of the Japanese to their barracks had created a breakdown of law and order. Harper led his battalion in an advance through Surabaya in East Java, which took two weeks of fighting to restore order and free the Europeans who were being", "id": "19905006" }, { "contents": "Columbia University\n\n\nHealth 5th, the School of Social Work 5th, Columbia Business School 6th, the College of Physicians and Surgeons tied for 6th for research (and tied for 39th for primary care), the Graduate School of Arts 6th, Teachers College 7th, the School of Nursing tied for 5th in the masters program and 9th in the doctorate nursing program, and the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science (graduate) was ranked 11th. In 2017, Columbia was ranked 8th in the world by \"Academic Ranking of World Universities", "id": "6417565" }, { "contents": "History Teachers' Association of Victoria\n\n\ncursory of glances highlights the continuities of this history. The aims of the Victorian Historical Association were articulated clearly in its first Bulletin, published in October 1959, when the association was at least eight years old. This document proclaimed that 'This association of school and university history teachers is concerned to provide history teachers with a forum in which they can discuss professional matters. To this end it holds a number of meetings throughout the school year, sponsors lectures, discussions, film nights and displays.' Agora, the association's", "id": "20752612" }, { "contents": "World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development\n\n\nThe World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development is a United Nations–sanctioned international holiday for the promotion of diversity issues. It is currently held on May 21. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed this holiday due to UNESCO's Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity in November 2001. It was proclaimed by UN Resolution 57/249. Diversity Day, officially known as \"The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development\", is an opportunity to help communities understand the value of cultural diversity and learn how to live together in", "id": "20309207" }, { "contents": "Patriot Day\n\n\nOriginal co-sponsors in the House were: From 2009 to 2016, President Barack Obama proclaimed September 11 as Patriot Day and National Day of Service and Remembrance, in observance of , the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act. In 2017 and 2018, President Donald Trump proclaimed September 8–10 as National Days of Prayer and Remembrance, and proclaimed September 11 as Patriot Day. The flag of the United States is flown at half-staff at the White House and on all U.S. government buildings and establishments throughout the world; flags are", "id": "13194140" }, { "contents": "Landmarks of Hoboken, New Jersey\n\n\nSchool History teacher, who was tragically shot on February 12, 1998. The monument was facilitated by students and to this day, the word \"remembrance\" is misspelled on the marble monument. There was once a one-of-a-kind playground, tall as a three-story building with unusual equipment. It was destroyed in October 2002 to make way for a more normal, packaged (and safer) playground, in the name of Deborah Lynn Williams, a woman who was killed in the World Trade Center", "id": "11252465" }, { "contents": "Naomi Wilzig\n\n\nPetersburg. Naomi was also on Board of Directors of the Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation, Life Member and Director of Daughters of Miriam Center for the Aged, and a member of the American Association of Museums. In 2006, on the first anniversary of WEAM, Wilzig was honored with the Key to the City of Miami Beach. In 2011, the City of Miami Beach proclaimed October 16 \"World Erotic Art Museum Day\" in honor of Wilzig's museum's fifth anniversary. On October 16, 2010,", "id": "8081060" }, { "contents": "Brucene Smith\n\n\nCalhoun High School in 1969 and was a former student at Victoria College and a junior in elementary education at the University of Texas at Austin when she decided to participate in Miss World USA. Galvan competed against 47 delegates in her country's national beauty pageant, Miss World USA, held in Hampton, Virginia, capturing the crown and the right to represent the United States in Miss World 1971. After her win, Calhoun County honored Galvan with a public reception and proclaimed October 24 as \"Brucene Day\". As the official", "id": "8116654" }, { "contents": "Montrose, Angus\n\n\nStatus Quo playing to the sell out crowd. Other Notable Headliners who have played at the festival include Average White Band, Deacon Blue, The Proclaimers, Ocean Colour Scene, Toploader, Eddi Reader, Bryan Adams, The Beach Boys & Madness. Montrose also has the 5th oldest golf course in the world, the Montrose Medal, dating from 1562. It is also a qualifying course for The Open Championship. Past events hosted on the Montrose Links include: Montrose F.C. are members of the Scottish Football League and currently play in", "id": "383045" }, { "contents": "Christmastide\n\n\n, the 12 Christmastide days in the Roman Rite (25 December to 5 January) were followed by the 8 days of the Octave of Epiphany, 6–13 January, and its 1960 Code of Rubrics defined \"Christmastide\" as running \"from I vespers of Christmas to none of 5th January inclusive\". In 567, the Council of Tours \"proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent fasting in preparation for the feast.\" Christopher Hill, as well as", "id": "12628223" }, { "contents": "At the Feet of the Master\n\n\nThe work was an important early milestone of the so-called , a worldwide enterprise launched by the Theosophical Society in early 20thcentury. This endeavor, which received widespread publicity, proclaimed the imminent arrival of the World Teacher, a new Messiah. Jiddu Krishnamurti, an adolescent Brahmin from South India, and the presumed author of \"At the Feet of the Master\", was considered the likely \"vehicle\" for the World Teacher. As a result, the book was seen as being closely related to Krishnamurti's expected mission,", "id": "20557626" }, { "contents": "Rhenish Republic\n\n\nled by Leo Deckers and Dr Guthardt captured the Aachen Rathaus (city hall) where, in the Imperial Chamber, they proclaimed the \"Free and Independent Rhenish Republic\" on 21 October 1923. The next day the separatists came up against counter demonstrators who surrounded and wrecked their Sekretariat in Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz, near the theatre. 23 October opened with shooting in the streets: meanwhile the city fire brigade reclaimed the Rathaus, forcing the separatists to retreat to government buildings. That day Belgian troops imposed martial law. On", "id": "4788659" }, { "contents": "Fernand Loriot\n\n\nFernand Loriot (10 October 1870 – 12 October 1932) was a French teacher who was active in forming the teachers' union. He took a pacifist stance during World War I. He was one of the founders of the French Communist Party. Fernand Loriot was born on 10 October 1870 in Ceton, Orne. He became a member of the socialist party in 1901. He became an activist in the Teachers' union. He defied the courts and refused to dissolve the union when the government took action after the Congress of Chambéry", "id": "1606875" }, { "contents": "Max von Hartlieb-Walsporn\n\n\nMax von Hartlieb-Walsporn (20 October 1883 – 25 July 1959) was a German army officer who served as a \"Wehrmacht\" general during the Second World War. Hartlieb-Walsporn commanded the 5th Panzer Brigade in the early fall of 1939, then took charge of the 5th Panzer Division on 8 October 1939. As commander of this division, he participated in the Battle of France of 1940, but he came to be seen as a weak leader when the lightly defended French town of Le Quesnoy was able to resist", "id": "17318551" }, { "contents": "Farm Animal Rights Movement\n\n\nslaughtered for food throughout the world. The date selected was October 2, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, world’s foremost advocate of nonviolence. The occasion is observed each year with slaughterhouse protests and other dramatic events by hundreds of activists in the U.S. and two dozen other countries. World Day for Farmed Animals has been covered in the media including \"The Washington Post\", \"Delaware Online\", and \"New York Daily News\". Great American Meatout was launched in 1985 to protest a U.S. Senate resolution proclaiming National Meat", "id": "4482664" }, { "contents": "Penns Valley Area School District\n\n\na student–teacher ratio of 14:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The school provides full-day kindergarten. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 55% of 5th grade students at Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, just 38% of 5th grade students showed on-grade-level skills. No fifth grade writing", "id": "10455264" }, { "contents": "Millersburg Area School District\n\n\n, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 11:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under No Child Left Behind. The school provided half day kindergarten. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 68% of 5th grade students at Lenkervville Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 44% of 5th grade students showed on grade level math skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported", "id": "10584397" }, { "contents": "Middletown Area School District\n\n\n. The school has provided full-day kindergarten since 2003. The school is not a federally designated Title I school. In 2010, Kunkel Elementary School had 379 pupils enrolled in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 100 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 27 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 14:1. In 2011 and 2010, the school achieved AYP status. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 72% of 5th grade students at Kunkle Area", "id": "21048979" }, { "contents": "Moda Fincher\n\n\ndouble armed grasp on her albums held against her breast\", and make the magic happen. Misty had what might be the largest collection of vinyl and shellac records in the world, totaling over 15,000 albums. \"Someone to Watch Over Me\" was her favorite song. She received honors from the American Women's Association and the Women in Communications' Margaret Casky Award. In 1981, Lubbock's then mayor Bill McAlister proclaimed October 10 \"Misty Day\" in Lubbock. On October 28, 2006, Misty was inducted into", "id": "19760067" }, { "contents": "USS Albany (CL-23)\n\n\n, California city hall to the new pier. In October 1909, while \"Albany\" was at Mare Island undergoing repairs and preparing to steam south to Magdalena Bay, she and other U.S. and foreign warships, participated in the Portola Festival at San Francisco, a city-wide fair held on 19–23 October to mark the 140th anniversary of the Portolá expedition, the first recorded Spanish (and European) land entry and exploration of present day California, and to proclaim to the world that San Francisco was recovered from its devastating 1906", "id": "21946316" }, { "contents": "Children's Day\n\n\ncommunities, creating an annual tradition much like Mother's Day and Father's Day. \"National Children's Day\" was proclaimed by President Bill Clinton to be held on 8 October 2000. It was later designated by President George W. Bush as 3 June 2001, and in subsequent years on the first Sunday in June. Since 2009, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn has issued proclamations proclaiming the second Sunday in June as Children's Day as had the previous governor in 2007 and 2008. The mayors of Aurora and Batavia, Illinois,", "id": "17362015" }, { "contents": "5th Cavalry Regiment\n\n\n. One of these workers' significant accomplishments was the construction of barracks for 20,000 anti-aircraft troops at Fort Bliss, Texas. World War II in Europe began on 1 September 1939 with the German Invasion of Poland, the same day the 1st Cavalry Division was doing maneuvers near Balmorhea, Texas. The 5th Cavalry participated in the Louisiana maneuvers and returned to Fort Bliss in October 1941; they were preparing for war despite the fact that the USA was still neutral. On 7 December 1941, the Japanese Empire attacked Pearl Harbor", "id": "17467555" }, { "contents": "Military history of Australia during World War I\n\n\nFarm totalled 6,300 men. As that battle on the Somme dragged on, the Canadian Corps was brought up and the AIF was withdrawn from the line to re-organise and reform, having suffered almost 23,000 casualties over the course of the 45 days that they had been involved. The 5th Division had been so badly mauled, having been incapacitated by the losses they had suffered at Fromelles, that it was not until October that the 5th Division finally returned to the line and joined the 1st, 2nd and 4th Divisions on the", "id": "17560803" }, { "contents": "Day of Vengeance\n\n\nwho has just defeated and killed \"seven hundred combat trained sorcerers\" who were having an informal gathering. As Blackbriar Thorn provides a distraction, they retreat to the Oblivion Bar, a bar between dimensions where magically powered beings meet to trade war stories. The subject of the day at the bar is the Spectre and his attacks on magic across the world. The bartender is Jim Rook (the Nightmaster) and the bouncer is Blue Devil. When Enchantress proclaims that the magic world needs to make a stand against the Spectre,", "id": "10830293" }, { "contents": "Sofía Matilde Joy Redman\n\n\nSofÍa Matilde Joy Redman (October 7, 1823 – January 14, 1908) was the First Lady of Costa Rica, 1859-1863. She was born in London, England to William Joy and Mary Redman. In 1823, SofÍa was baptized after she and her family proclaimed their faith to the Anglican religion. She and her brothers moved to Costa Rica where she became a teacher. While she was teaching, she was hired by José María Montealegre who would later become her husband. Since Jose was both a Catholic and", "id": "9929924" }, { "contents": "5th U-boat Flotilla\n\n\nThe 5th U-boat Flotilla (German \"5. Unterseebootsflottille\"), also known as Emsmann Flotilla, was a U-boat flotilla of Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\" during World War II. The flotilla was formed in December 1938 in Kiel under the command of \"Korvettenkapitän\" Hans-Rudolf Rösing. It was named in honour of \"Oberleutnant zur See\" Hans Joachim Emsmann, a U-boat commander during World War I, who died on 28 October 1918 after his U-boat was sunk by a", "id": "18326252" }, { "contents": "Robert Scurlark Moore\n\n\ncertificate from East Central State Normal School in 1916, and was working as a teacher when the United States entered World War I. Moore enlisted in the Army on June 1, 1917, and served overseas in France as a private and private first class with Company F of the 7th Engineers, eventually rising to battalion sergeant major in the 5th Division headquarters. He was wounded in action while attached to the 27th Division in the Somme offensive. On October 1, 1918, he accepted an infantry officer's commission as second lieutenant in", "id": "20775755" }, { "contents": "Oswayo Valley School District\n\n\nfull-day kindergarten. The school is a federally designated Title I school. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, Oswayo Valley Elementary School reported an enrollment of 223 pupils in preschool and full-day kindergarten through 5th grade, with 125 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 17 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly", "id": "11144940" }, { "contents": "Brownsville Area School District\n\n\na student-teacher ratio of 13:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The school has provided full day kindergarten to all its pupils since 2008. In 2012 the school offered kindergarten-5th grade. Third through 5th grades were shifted to Central Elementary School in a reorganization plan. At the same time, all k-2 pupils were shifted to Cox-Donahey Elementary School. In 2012 and 2011, Cox-", "id": "10123450" }, { "contents": "Central Dauphin School District\n\n\nday kindergarten. In 2010, Paxtang Elementary School had 237 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 111 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 20 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 12:1. Paxtang Elementary School achieved a score of 84.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 68% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd", "id": "15268199" }, { "contents": "Berwick Area School District\n\n\nare identified as gifted. The school provides full day kindergarten to all students for more than five years. The school is a federally designated Title I school. In 2013, enrollment was 468 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th grades. Fifty three percent of the pupils were from low income homes. In 2010, enrollment was 434 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 218 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. Salem Elementary School employed 33 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of", "id": "4621007" }, { "contents": "Berwick Area School District\n\n\n. In 2013, enrollment was 248 students in grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 49% of its pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school provides full day kindergarten to all its pupils. In 2010, enrollment was 239 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 115 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 18 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1. SPP 84.1 out of 100 points. Fourteenth Street", "id": "4621037" }, { "contents": "William John Marsh\n\n\nMusic Clubs, Texas Music Teachers Association, and American Guild of Organists. In 1959, he was named the Outstanding Senior Citizen of Fort Worth. In 1970, the Euterpean Club and the mayor of Fort Worth proclaimed a \"William J. Marsh Day\" in honor of the 40th anniversary of the adoption of \"Texas, Our Texas\" as the state song. Marsh's parents, James and Mary, spent their later years in Fort Worth with William and his sisters Clara, Mae, and Leoni, who operated the Marsh", "id": "14410728" }, { "contents": "Kuomintang\n\n\n1895, Formosa (now called Taiwan), including the Penghu islands, became a Japanese colony via the Treaty of Shimonoseki following the First Sino-Japanese War. After Japan's defeat at the end of World War II in 1945, General Order No. 1 instructed Japan to surrender its troops in Taiwan to Chiang Kai-shek. On 25 October 1945, KMT general Chen Yi acted on behalf of the Allied Powers to accept Japan's surrender and proclaimed that day as Taiwan Retrocession Day. Tensions between the local Taiwanese and", "id": "17022674" }, { "contents": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\n\n\nannounced the McCourts would be separating after nearly 30 years of marriage. While speculation was raised on the impact upon the McCourt family Dodger ownership, a spokesperson for Jamie McCourt said the following day that \"the focus of the Dodgers is on the playoffs and the World Series\". Jamie was fired from her position as Dodgers CEO on Thursday, October 22, 2009, the day after the Dodgers were eliminated from the playoffs, thus ending the reign of the self-proclaimed \"First Female CEO of a Baseball Team.\"", "id": "4928560" }, { "contents": "2011 Los Angeles Dodgers ownership dispute\n\n\nfor Jamie McCourt said the following day that \"the focus of the Dodgers is on the playoffs and the World Series\". Jamie McCourt was fired from her position as Dodgers CEO on Thursday, October 22, 2009, the day after the Dodgers were eliminated from the playoffs, thus ending the reign of the self-proclaimed \"First Female CEO of a Baseball Team.\" She officially filed for divorce shortly thereafter. Frank McCourt then accused her of having an affair with her bodyguard and changed the locks on her office.", "id": "5349980" }, { "contents": "John Birkett\n\n\ndistinction of having scored England's first ever try in 1871. In World War One he was a captain in the Royal Field Artillery and was mentioned in dispatches 18 times. He was also decorated with the Order of the Crown of Italy, 5th Class (Knight). In 1915 he married Elsie Allen in Chertsey. They had a son, John Brian who was born on 2 October 1916 and who would later become a brigadier and serve in the Second World War. John Birkett died on 16 October 1967, which was", "id": "11583283" }, { "contents": "Shawn Johnson East\n\n\nthe Longines Evidenza collection and a check for $5,000. Following Johnson's World Championship performances in 2007, Governor Chet Culver of Iowa proclaimed October 17 \"Shawn Johnson Day\" in the state. On August 15, 2013, Johnson, along with her 2007 Worlds team teammates, was inducted into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame. In February 2009, Johnson became a celebrity competitor on ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\" season eight, partnered with season six winner, professional dancer Mark Ballas. In the finale, the", "id": "3511495" }, { "contents": "5th Krajina (Kozara) Assault Brigade\n\n\nThe 5th Krajina (Kozara) Assault Brigade was a World War II military unit of the Yugoslav Partisans. It was formed on September 22, 1942, at Palež on the Kozara mountain out of the 2nd 'Mladen Stojanović' Partisan Detachment. On the day of the brigade was formed it had around 1,100 soldiers armed with 940 rifles and 45 light machine-guns. During actions in September and October 1943, the brigade killed 76 enemy soldiers and one officer, taking as prisoners a further 22 soldiers and one officer, while", "id": "11776505" }, { "contents": "Ardingly College\n\n\nmilitary and adventure training not readily available to non-cadets. Ardingly is one of the very few schools that take part in the World Solar Challenge, a biennial solar-powered car race in Australia. The school's students worked in the project for three years, achieving to complete the race 23 October 2015. The current patron of Ardingly Solar is Prince Albert II. As of the academic year 2016/17, Shell–5th boarding fees are £30,480 per annum while Shell–5th day fees are £22,380 per annum. Sixth form boarding fees", "id": "18928624" }, { "contents": "Late 2011 Telangana protests\n\n\nthe strike. On 16 October, JAC gave a call for Telangana Bundh(general strike) for next day to protest police action during the agitation and the rail blockade. They then cancelled the 3rd day of rail blockade. Teachers union also said they will attend the schools in the interest of students but they will not sign the attendance registers and will not take the salaries. Some teachers donated the salary they got for the strike period. They felt that teachers have become scapegoats at the hands of their state leaders who have a personal", "id": "13914599" }, { "contents": "Marylawn of the Oranges High School\n\n\ninitiative, creativity, self-respect and concern for others. As the message of Jesus Christ is proclaimed, students grow morally and intellectually- demonstrating integrity, self-discipline and Christian values and ethics. For over ten years before it closed, Marylawn had a 100% graduation and 100% college acceptance rate. As of the 2009-10 school year, the school had an enrollment of 160 students and 21.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a Student–teacher ratio of 7.3:1. In October 2012,", "id": "9892085" }, { "contents": "5th Delaware General Assembly\n\n\nThe 5th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Legislative Council and the Delaware House of Assembly. Elections were held the first day of October and terms began on the twentieth day of October. It met in Dover, Delaware, convening October 20, 1780, and was the third year of the administration of President Caesar Rodney. The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three councilors and seven assemblymen for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not", "id": "8176234" }, { "contents": "5th Infantry Division (United States)\n\n\nwas selected in honor of World War I commander John E. McMahon, who was a member of the Army's Field Artillery branch. The diamond shape was chosen in recognition of the Diamond Dyes company, a maker of fabric coloring products whose ad slogan \"It Never Runs\" conveyed a martial meaning during war. The shape of the diamond in the 5th Division's insignia represents strength, because in bridge construction the trusses that provide the greatest durability are mutually supporting isosceles triangles. On 16 October 1939 the 5th Division was reactivated as", "id": "6242585" }, { "contents": "Sweetest Day\n\n\n\"the powers that determine the nomenclature of the weeks of October\" decreed that the week beginning on October 10, 1927 would be known as \"Sweetest Week.\" On September 25, 1937, \"The New York Times\" reported under \"Advertising News and Notes\" that The National Confectioners Association had launched a \"movement throughout the candy industry\" to rank Sweetest Day with the nationally accepted Mother's Day, Father's Day, and St. Valentine's Day. I n 1940, another Sweetest Day was proclaimed on October", "id": "13222170" }, { "contents": "2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive\n\n\nand the 5th Legion began an advance south of Mazloum towards Khasham. On 5 October, units of the 4th Armoured Division crossed the Euphrates. On 16 October, Syrian army captured town of al-Husayniyah on the other side of Euphrates from Deir ez-Zor after full day of clashes with ISIL fighters. The next day, the town of Janenah was also captured. On 18 October, Major General Issam Zahreddine, the commander of 104th Airborne Brigade of the Republican Guard who lead the Syrian Army during the three-year", "id": "1923880" }, { "contents": "Wellsboro Area School District\n\n\nthe school reported an enrollment of 500 pupils, in grades 5th through 8th, with 182 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 35 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 14:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 56 classes were taught by teachers who were rated \"Non‐Highly Qualified\" under No Child Left Behind. The school was a federally designated Title I school. In 2010, the administration reported 477 students enrolled in grades 5th through 8th grade", "id": "11144728" }, { "contents": "Williamsport Area School District\n\n\nin grades kindergarten through 3rd, with 276 pupils receiving a free or reduced price lunch. The School employed 25 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 12:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The school provided full day kindergarten to all its pupils. In 2011 and 2012, the School provided Kindergarten through 5th grade. Williamsport Area School District has provided full-day kindergarten for more than a", "id": "11144159" }, { "contents": "South Western School District\n\n\nteacher training to improve instruction, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students, For 2010-11 the South Western School District applied for and received $604,206 in addition to all other state and federal funding. South Western School District used the funding to provide extensive teacher training to improve instruction and to provide full-day kindergarten (5th year). The", "id": "11467971" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley School District\n\n\nthe National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, enrollment was pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 24 pupils receiving a free or reduced price lunch. Shaull Elementary School employed 39 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 14:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Shaull Elementary School provided full day or half day kindergarten to its pupils. Shaull Elementary School achieved a score of 86.4 out of", "id": "2016865" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley School District\n\n\nhighly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The School provides half day kindergarten and full day kindergarten. Silver Spring Elementary School is a federally designated Title I school. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, enrollment was 515 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 82 pupils receiving a free or reduced price lunch. The School employed 33 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 15:1. Per a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated \"Highly Qualified\" under", "id": "2016868" }, { "contents": "Benjamin Roden\n\n\n. They also teach that eventually the judgment would pass on to those who were living in order to determine who would be translated without seeing death at Christ's second coming, and those would be destroyed by the brightness of His coming. Roden told the Seventh-day Adventist Church and The Rod that the judgment has passed from the dead to the living on 20 October 1955. Roden assumed control of the group, and renamed it the General Association of Davidian Seventh-day Adventists. He proclaimed himself to be King David's", "id": "20033512" }, { "contents": "En no Gyōja\n\n\nisland of Izu Ōshima on June 26, 699: On \"hinoto-ushi\" (sexagenary \"fire ox\") day [24th day of the 5th month, Mommu 3 (June 26, 699 AD)], En no Kimi Ozunu was banished to Izu no Shima. Ozunu had first lived in Mount Katsuragi and been acclaimed for his sorcery and was the teacher of Outer Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade . Later, [a person (or Hirotari?)] envied his power and accused him of trickery with his", "id": "14192986" }, { "contents": "Death Note: The Musical\n\n\na genius high school student in Tokyo, Japan, who despises criminals. He expresses his frustrations to his teacher, his classmates rallying to his side as he proclaims the failures of the justice system (\"Where is the Justice?\"). Meanwhile, two Shinigami (\"gods of death\") named Ryuk and Rem discuss how pitiful humans are, before Ryuk, seeking entertainment, drops a supernatural notebook called the \"Death Note\" into the human world (\"They're Only Human\"). Light finds it", "id": "8005464" }, { "contents": "Education and Sharing Day\n\n\nattention given to this day, and to make a point out of it around the country and around the world, to the point, the Rebbe envisioned, it will become a nationally celebrated day, the same way Mother's Day and Father's day are celebrated. There has been a recent movement to proclaim local Education and Sharing Days in States and Cities across the United States to correspond to the national occurrence. Education Day 2018 had the distinction of being proclaimed at the state level in all 50 States by the respective Governors", "id": "6876330" }, { "contents": "Lycée Arago (Paris)\n\n\nclasses between 6th year and final year, plus collège Arago offered preparatory classes for the ENSAM. In 1960, due to the reforms of the 5th Republic, the municipal college of Arago became a lycée, managed by the State. In this establishment, teachers have included Charles Veillet-Lavallée, Charles Couyba who became a minister and singer (Boukay), Alain Frontier who was a poet and grammarian, Émile Kahn who was President of the Human Rights League (France), Jean-Jacques Becker, historian, First World", "id": "6123797" } ]

[ { "contents": "London Lions (basketball)\n\n\ninjury to Jamal Williams disrupted the team's form. Defeat to Newcastle Eagles in the BBL Cup followed shortly afterwards. Reinforcements arrived in the shape of Navid Niktash and Zak Wells but the early season form couldn't be recaptured. 2017–18 season /br After Lloyd stepped down as head coach at the beginning of the 17–18 season, Mariusz Karol was appointed as head coach and lead the team to a 9 – 3 start before losing 4 out of the next 6. This led to a mutual agreement with team management for him to step", "id": "3763315" }, { "contents": "Jon Scheyer\n\n\nMaccabi Tel Aviv when its season started on October 1, 2011. The team is limited to no more than four players who are non-Israeli, but because Scheyer has a Jewish father he had the ability to obtain Israeli citizenship relatively quickly, and did so in September 2011. As an Israeli citizen, Scheyer does not count towards that limit. \"I am really excited to take the next step in my basketball career and go play for Maccabi Tel Aviv,\" said Scheyer. \"I am looking forward to the", "id": "8751710" }, { "contents": "Optical mapping\n\n\nand prepares the counter for the next cycle. This step is a unique aspect of optical sequencing as it does not actually remove the fluorochrome label of the nucleotide after its incorporation. not removing the fluorochrome label makes sequencing more economical, but it results in the need to incorporate fluorochrome labels consecutively which can result in problems due to the bulkiness of the labels. Step 7: Repeat steps 4–6 Steps 4-6 are repeated with step 4 using a reaction mixture that contains a different fluorochrome-labeled nucleotide (FdNTP) each time", "id": "14010733" }, { "contents": "2008 Ana Ivanovic tennis season\n\n\nwon next two dead rubbers though, meaning that final score was 3–2 for Serbia. Ivanovic started clay season returning to Berlin as the defending champion. After receiving bye in first round, she played against lucky luser Akgul Amanmuradova and won after tight first set which saw them playing tiebreak that Ivanovic won 7–0 and cruising then through the second set. She beat Sybille Bammer 7–5, 4–6, 6–4 to reach quarterfinals, and tenth seed Ágnes Szávay 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 to go two steps from defending title for the first time.", "id": "894500" }, { "contents": "Braeden Anderson\n\n\nschool class of 2011, Anderson stepped on a college court for the first time on 6 February 2013. He played in 10 games, including seven starts, scoring a season-best 12 points with six rebounds on the road at San Diego State on 9 February. Anderson missed the next season because of a near-fatal accident: on 3 September 2013, he broke his neck as his teammate's truck crashed into another car. He suffered a displacement of the C-5 through C-6 vertebrae, with a 0.6 percent chance of", "id": "11616161" }, { "contents": "Jerome Bettis\n\n\nseason. Injuries would also cost him significant parts of the 2002 season and he then began the 2003 season as a backup to Amos Zereoué. Despite regaining his starting role midway through the 2003 season, Bettis again found himself a backup to start the 2004 season, this time to free-agent acquisition Duce Staley. But when an injury took Staley out of action midway through the year, Bettis stepped in and gained 100-plus yards in six of the next eight games, and in seven consecutive starts. The late season effort led", "id": "17794243" }, { "contents": "Tommy Hodson\n\n\nAP Poll. Major victories included No. 18 LSU's 27–0 victory over No. 10 Texas A&M, LSU's 7–6 victory over No. 4 Auburn (the famous Earthquake Game), and No. 13 LSU's 19–18 victory at No. 18 Alabama. *Does not include bowl games. †Led SEC Hodson was selected 59th overall in the 1990 NFL Draft by the New England Patriots. He started the last 6 games of his rookie season, passing for 968 yards. However, during Hodson's next two seasons with", "id": "7050791" }, { "contents": "Roberto Hernández (starting pitcher)\n\n\nseason, the Indians gave Hernández the opportunity to start in Lee's place. In his first start of the season on April 13, the Chicago White Sox battered him for six earned runs in innings. Hernández quickly rebounded, holding the New York Yankees' potent offense to just 2 ER in 6 IP in his next start. He received a no decision, however, when Joe Borowski allowed six runs in the ninth inning to give the Yankees the win. Hernández settled into a groove and won his next five starts,", "id": "14415407" }, { "contents": "2019–20 South West Peninsula League\n\n\nThe constitution was announced on 19 May 2019. Starting this season, the league consists of two Step 6 divisions of twenty clubs each. These two divisions are made up of the 2018–19 Step 6 (Premier Division) clubs, plus others promoted from Step 7 and below. There is no longer a Step 7 division within this league. This season, the top two clubs in each division will be promoted to Step 5. The bottom two clubs in each division are liable to relegation. The new Premier Division East features 20", "id": "14495815" }, { "contents": "Elliot Reid\n\n\nbut when J.D. reveals his feelings for her, she leaves Sean. In Season 4, Elliot dates J.D.'s brother, Dan (Tom Cavanagh), and then a man named Jake (Josh Randall). They break up when Elliot realizes that he does not really know her. In Season 6, Elliot gets engaged to fellow Sacred Heart doctor Keith Dudemeister (Travis Schuldt), but breaks it off when she realizes that she does not truly love him. Elliot starts a sex-only relationship with intern Keith Dudemeister in", "id": "3970436" }, { "contents": "The Next Step (2013 TV series)\n\n\n. The Next Step Interactive is the website component to \"The Next Step\". The website has an \"About the Show\", \"Dance Mashup\" and \"Aftershow\" section. The aftershow starts when the episode is finished. It is approximately 1–3 minutes long as only a part of the aftershow is premiered after each episode. It is hosted by five members: Asha Bromfield, Lovell Adams-Gray, Luke Watters, Kelly McNamee, and Samantha \"Sam\" Munro. The aftershow talks about \"The Next Step", "id": "11272802" }, { "contents": "Drum and bugle corps (modern)\n\n\n. Terminology from ballet is used to describe foot placement and positioning, and members of the color guard and hornline often \"jazz run\" in order to maintain upper body stability when marching at fast tempos with large step sizes. In addition, choreography has permeated all sections of the contemporary drum corps. While performances and competitions only occur during the summer, preparation for the next season starts as soon as the last one ends. Corps activity of some sort goes on year-round. Months in advance of next season's first", "id": "13668848" }, { "contents": "A Katy or a Gaga\n\n\n, saying \"While it seems the productions of each number are getting bigger, the show’s spirit gets smaller. Does Ryan Murphy think that because \"American Horror Story\" is amazing he can slack off on \"Glee\"? I hope not. It was officially announced recently that \"Glee\" will end after next season (Season 6) so let’s end this show as great as we started it, shall we?\" Lauren Hoffman of \"Vulture\" gave the episode a 2 out of 5, signaling mixed", "id": "4335867" }, { "contents": "UCF Knights football\n\n\nfew. In UCF's first Black and Gold Spring game held in 1983, the defense won 14–6. The Knights finished the 1983 season 5–6, including the team's first win over a Division I–AA opponent. Starting the 1984 season filled with optimism, the Knights were shaken by a 1–6 start. Following the disappointing beginning to the season, Saban stepped away from the program, and was replaced on an interim basis by assistant coach Jerry Anderson. Saban had a 6–12 (.333) record during his tenure as the", "id": "20901620" }, { "contents": "2011 Presidents Cup\n\n\n/Schwartzel. Woods/Johnson got off to a slow start due to putting woes, and were 1 down after 6, but they bounced back to win when the Scott/Choi struggled. Mickelson/Furyk also struggled with their putting and were 2 down after 10 holes but Furyk stepped up big on the back nine and they won four of their next five holes to beat Baddeley/Day. The Internationals got off to a very good start in the four-ball session. The Watson/Simpson team, despite a", "id": "15430315" }, { "contents": "Rock and Roll (dance)\n\n\n) Follower starts with right foot kick ball change, kick step (right), kick step (left) There is another form of tap step basic footwork that is quite easy to learn: Leader starts with their left foot and does a back step, then a tap step (left), tap step (right) Follower starts with the right foot and does a back step, then a tap step(right), tap step(left) The most obvious feature of the Acrobatic rock and roll dance are its kicks (into thin", "id": "16522173" }, { "contents": "Sabrina Spellman\n\n\nofficially end their romantic relationship in \"The End Of an Era\" but Harvey still appears in the show as a recurring character. In season 6, she starts dating Josh who at first dated Morgan, her roommate. Meanwhile, in the season 6 finale, Sabrina gives up her one true love to save her Aunt Hilda and it happens when during her aunt's wedding she falls to pieces when Harvey tells her he still has strong romantic feelings for her but she does not return them, making him leave for California.", "id": "3466467" }, { "contents": "2007 Pittsburgh Pirates season\n\n\nat the end of the season he would be stepping down from the position. He maintained that he would \"remain as the active leader of the organization\" to give the team ample time to find a successor and \"ensure a smooth transition into the next chapter of Pirates history.\" The Pirates' season started well, as they swept the Houston Astros in Houston for the first time since 1991, when the Astros played in the Astrodome. However, that initial success didn't carry for very long, as the Bucs", "id": "14551630" }, { "contents": "Paul Mariner\n\n\n'm sure he will be successful in everything he does in the future. He's a great personality and someone who is a legend with the fans at this football club.\" Mariner was named Director of Player Development for Toronto FC on 6 January 2011, joining new head coach Aron Winter at the club. After starting the season with 9 straight losses, former Toronto Coach Aron Winter stepped down and Toronto named Mariner head coach on 7 June 2012. Mariner recorded his first victory as Toronto manager on 27 June against Montreal Impact", "id": "7394124" }, { "contents": "2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres\n\n\nsprinter in the season Marie Josée Ta Lou was literally left in the blocks, yet 5 steps into the race, she had drawn even with Schippers. After spotting the leaders a step, Schippers got into her superior top end speed and ran down everybody, except Pierre, Thompson losing silver in the last step. Qualification: First 3 (Q) and next 6 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals. Qualification: First 2 (Q) and next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final. The final", "id": "6060169" }, { "contents": "Wild card (sports)\n\n\nclubs advancing to the Top 16. Under the rules in place through 2007–08, the top five clubs in each group automatically advanced. The final \"wild card\" spot in the Top 16 went to the sixth-place club with the best overall record, with three potential tiebreaking steps. A coin toss is not indicated as a possible step. Starting in 2008–09, the \"wild card\" was abolished when the Regular Season was reorganized into four groups with 6 teams apiece. Now, the top four teams in each group", "id": "5489301" }, { "contents": "Bob Pruett\n\n\nBefore the start of the 1983 season, Pruett joined the coaching staff of the Wake Forest Demon Deacons as the defensive backs coach. His lifelong friend, Al Groh, was the head coach of the Demon Deacons at the time. He remained the defensive backs coach until 1985, when he took on the role of defensive coordinator. Though Groh stepped down as head coach of the Deacons in 1986, Pruett kept the job of DC until 1990, when he became the defensive backs coach at Ole Miss the next season. Pruett", "id": "10633407" }, { "contents": "Pether's Moon\n\n\nreally good horse and he'll be stepping up another level next year\". When Richard Hannon retired at the end of the 2013 season, his training operation was taken over by his son, Richard Hannon, Jr. In 2004 Pether's Moon was campaigned exclusively in weight-for-age races and began his season by contesting his first Group race when he started at odds of 10/1 for the Jockey Club Stakes at Newmarket in April. He finished second to the Michael Stoute-trained Gospel Choir with the odds-on favourite", "id": "1573084" }, { "contents": "Didier Drogba\n\n\n. However, he started the Premier League season in fine form, continuing from where he left off on the last day of the previous campaign as he scored a hat-trick against West Bromwich Albion in a 6–0 victory. In Chelsea's next game against Wigan Athletic at the DW Stadium, Drogba made three assists in another 6–0 win. Drogba played the next game at home against Stoke City where he lasted the whole 90 minutes and scored his fourth Premier League goal of the season when he kicked home a penalty after Nicolas", "id": "18654610" }, { "contents": "Life-like cellular automaton\n\n\nat any step, consider the cell (\"x\",\"y\") that has minimum \"x\"-coordinate among cells that are on, and among such cells the one with minimum \"y\"-coordinate. Then the cell (\"x\"-1,\"y\"-1) must have exactly one neighbor, and will become on in the next step. Similarly, the pattern must grow at each step in each of the four diagonal directions. Thus, any nonempty starting pattern leads to explosive growth. Any automaton of the above form that does not include any of B0, B1,", "id": "12619919" }, { "contents": "Solinas prime\n\n\nmod formula_13 with only as many bits as formula_13--that is, up to formula_15 bits. First, represent formula_8 in base formula_17: formula_18 Next, generate a formula_19-by-formula_19 matrix formula_21 by stepping a formula_19-bit linear feedback shift register, starting with the values formula_23, for formula_19 steps, so formula_25 is the value of the formula_26th register on the formula_27th step. Then compute the matrix formula_28 with the following equation: formula_29 It turns out that formula_30 so we have found a smaller number congruent to formula_8. Since this algorithm does", "id": "9732578" }, { "contents": "Lucas Leiva\n\n\nBenítez gave Lucas his chance to start a game in the Liverpool midfield after easing him in during his first few months at the club. Lucas scored his first goal for Liverpool on 27 January 2008 when he curled a 25-yard shot into the top corner during an FA Cup match against Havant & Waterlooville, becoming the first-ever Brazilian to score for Liverpool. The start of the 2008–09 season signified an important turning point for his career. Many commentators expected him to step up to the next level after completing his first season with", "id": "20648775" }, { "contents": "Maxime Gonalons\n\n\nagainst Marignane. Lyon finished first among professional clubs in the group and qualified for the playoffs. Gonalons started both the 4–3 semi-final win on penalties and the 3–0 victory over Sochaux in the final picking up a yellow card. Following the season, on 6 July 2009, Gonalons signed his first professional contract agreeing to a one-year deal with the club. The club does have the option to keep him for the next two seasons over after the one-year deal expires. Gonalons was assigned the number 41 shirt", "id": "6623852" }, { "contents": "Chinese button knot\n\n\n. There is however a tying method that does not require a carrick bend as a first step, and does not produce a lanyard loop that needs to be reduced when used as a button. This method provides just the button, a spherical basket weave knot, in the style of Turk's head knot or diamond knot. Instructions for tying Chinese button knot in single configuration using this method as illustrated in the adjacent image, with four steps in tying it; thin red lines showing the move(s) to get to the next", "id": "14201246" }, { "contents": "America's Next Top Model (season 12)\n\n\n\"that the modeling industry looks at as not being right\". Celia for starting out at 25 years old, thinking too much beforehand and delivering an unsatisfactory photo, and Fo for looking even shorter in her photos and booking none of her go sees. In the end, Celia's previous strong shots and personal style won the judges over, and Fo was eliminated. \"First Aired: May 6, 2009\" The girls arrived at Águia de Ouro and met Paulina where they learned the steps in samba dance. The", "id": "15277468" }, { "contents": "Brian Easton (footballer)\n\n\nof the season, Easton returned to his parent club, helped \"Accies\" avoid relegation. On returning to Burnley, Easton said he vowed to become a regular player next season, with the club relegated back to the Championship. However, he was continually left out of the squad from the start of the season until October, when he made his league debut on 19 October 2010 against Barnsley after stepping in for the injured Danny Fox. He scored his first goal for Burnley in a 3–2 defeat to Leeds United on 11", "id": "18330911" }, { "contents": "22 equal temperament\n\n\nsteps and one 17 steps away. There is also a difference between a major tone and a minor tone. In C major, the second note (D) will be 4 steps away. However, in A minor, where A is 6 steps below C, the fourth note (D) will be 9 steps above A, so 3 steps above C. So when switching from C major to A minor, one need to slightly change the note D. These discrepancies arise because, unlike 12-ET, 22-ET does not temper out", "id": "10715010" }, { "contents": "Daryl Dixon\n\n\n. Rick starts talking to his own people to see if they saw anything. Fr. Gabriel, who was to be on watch with Anne but had secretly stepped away, reports seeing nothing. Daryl is somewhat affronted when Rick suggests he might have killed Justin. Daryl used a Horton Scout HD 125 crossbow for the first three seasons. The character's use has inspired reviews of the weapon at Amazon.com referring to the show. It was replaced by a more powerful Stryker StrykeZone 380 during Season 3. In season 6 episode 9", "id": "6325094" }, { "contents": "York Lions\n\n\n7th place, their highest finish in eight years. In 2013, the team finished 8th overall in the OUA, matching their previous season's record of 2-6. Following the 2013 season, head coach Warren Craney signed a contract extension with York University to remain at the helm of the program. During the next two seasons, the Lions took a step backward as they recorded no wins in 2014 and one in 2015. The team had a 2-6 2016 record, showing some improvement, but regressed the following", "id": "2484004" }, { "contents": "The Biggest Loser (season 8)\n\n\nteam weigh-in; she loses 8. That ends up making her the biggest loser on blue team, so she's immune if they lose (but it does not appear likely at this point). Blue ends up with a total loss of 2.56% and black will need to lose 46 pounds. Abby starts and she tells the camera \"we are ready\"; she gets a 5. Dina is next and she says she is disappointed by the week and not getting on the platform; she loses 6.", "id": "17683950" }, { "contents": "Dexter (season 3)\n\n\nkiller, \"The Skinner\", who skins his victims alive. She also starts a relationship with Anton Briggs, one of Quinn's confidential informants. Miguel and Dexter's partnership takes a new step when Miguel offers to be the one to kill their next target. With some reluctance, Dexter agrees, only watching as Miguel kills without hesitation. The next day, Ellen Wolf, a ruthless defense attorney and old courtroom adversary of Miguel's, goes missing, and Dexter discovers that Miguel has killed her alone. Dexter also", "id": "7096393" }, { "contents": "Constructive cooperative coevolution\n\n\nof the other subproblems fixed to a central blackboard solution. When this is done for each subproblem, the found solution are combined during a \"collaboration\" step, and the best one among the produced combinations becomes the blackboard solution for the next cycle. In the next cycle, the same is repeated. Phase II, and thereby the current iteration, are terminated when the search of the CC algorithm stagnates and no significantly better solutions are being found. Then, the next iteration is started. At the start of the next", "id": "12799979" }, { "contents": "Operand\n\n\nvalue, the remaining expression looks like this: The next step is to calculate the value of expression inside the parenthesis itself, that is, (2 + 4) = 6. Our expression now looks like this: Having calculated the parenthetical part of the expression, we start over again beginning with the left most value and move right. The next order of operation (according to the rules) is exponents. Start at the left most value, that is, 4, and scan your eyes to the right and search", "id": "2648323" }, { "contents": "2011 Chicago White Sox season\n\n\ntime since Aug 26, 1991 when the Royals' pitcher Bret Saberhagen threw against them. The Sox lost again 3–2 on the next day to Minnesota to have the worst record in MLB at 11–21. Then the Sox went on to the west coast in Seattle, Los Angeles, and Oakland, finishing 6–3 in that nine-game road trip. During the road trip on May 11 at Los Angeles, Jake Peavy started the game for the first time since July 6 of last season when he tore his lat muscle, also", "id": "18835261" }, { "contents": "Frank Pitts\n\n\nthe wide receiver's first three seasons in Kansas City. he acquired a \"bad hands\" label. However, he worked through the problem, and when starting wide receiver Otis Taylor was injured in 1968, Pitts stepped in. He was a starter the next three seasons, and his end around reverse runs became a big part of the Chiefs' offense. Hank Stram told the play to Chiefs quarterback Len Dawson. \"Listen, let's have a ... 9-0-8, 51 G-O reverse.", "id": "14637842" }, { "contents": "Essex Senior Football League\n\n\nOne North. There was no relegation from the Essex Senior League into a lower league since there was no Step 6 equivalent to the ESL until the 2017–18 season. Leagues including the Essex Olympian League (Step 7) sometimes acted as a feeder league to the Essex Senior League but promotion and relegation between the two leagues was not automatic. A Step 6 division for Essex and East Anglia was announced in October 2017 to solve the relegation problem. Starting in 2018–19, the Eastern Counties League will control this new division. The Essex", "id": "4232446" }, { "contents": "East Carolina Pirates football\n\n\n1951. It was another losing season 4–6. Coach Dole left East Carolina and became the head coach at Davidson. Jack Boone stepped in as the new head coach after Coach Dole left. During his first year, he guided the Pirates to a 1952 regular season record of 6–2–2, and the team was invited to the Lions Bowl, their first bowl game ever. The Pirates came up short against Clarion College, losing 13–6. Coach Boone led the school to another first the next season, as the football team won the", "id": "14486211" }, { "contents": "History of the Detroit Lions\n\n\ncore, including the newest offensive picks, and with previous picks on defense, the Lions acquired eventual Pro Bowlers Bennie Blades and Chris Spielman in 1988 along with Jerry Ball in 1987, things were once again looking up for the Lions. However, they took a step back when they finished 6–10 in the 1990 season. Sanders won the first of his four NFL rushing titles that season with 1,304 yards, beating out Buffalo Bills running back Thurman Thomas by seven yards. In 1991, the Lions started the season by being shut", "id": "11045663" }, { "contents": "Noel Spencer\n\n\nof the season. During the A-League 05-06 season he scored 6 goals and started in every single game for the Mariners. This record continued until Sunday 12 November when he was dropped because of injury which from the starting team against the Newcastle Jets. On Friday 26 January 2007 he along with Vuko Tomasevic and Wayne O'Sullivan were told that their contracts would not be renewed for the next season. After being released by the Mariners, Noel signed a six-month contract with Sydney FC. He played for Sydney", "id": "3576347" }, { "contents": "2008 Ana Ivanovic tennis season\n\n\nWimbledon. However, as she won just five games at Wimbledon against her, she showed this time a step forward in that way, being now very close to beat her, but eventually losing 6–7, 6–2, 4–6. Ivanovic won even more points. Week after week, and Ivanovic is slipping more and more on WTA rankings. Coming to US Open as #1, Ivanovic fell to No. 3 next week, next No.4 and now she falls to No. 5. Results unfortunately for her confirm that, and", "id": "894517" }, { "contents": "I Love Money (season 2)\n\n\nin the last challenge when he was Paymaster that again this is the one time he doesn't want Paymaster, so 20 Pack tries throwing the challenge so somebody else in his alliance might win. He does this by intentionally dropping below 100 dB first. 20 Pack then falls through the door with a time of 11.4 seconds. Ice and Tailor Made compete next, and Ice wins. Angelique and It compete next, and everybody notices It's level start to drop, but are surprised when Angelique gives out first and drop so", "id": "17912399" }, { "contents": "Lucas pseudoprime\n\n\nthere are recurrence relations that enable us to quickly compute formula_26 and formula_27 in formula_28 steps; see . To start off, First, we can double the subscript from formula_31 to formula_32 in one step using the recurrence relations Next, we can increase the subscript by 1 using the recurrences If formula_37 is odd, replace it with formula_38; this is even so it can now be divided by 2. The numerator of formula_39 is handled in the same way. (Adding \"n\" does not change the result modulo \"n\"", "id": "26730" }, { "contents": "Penrith Panthers\n\n\na terrible start to the season, the Panthers board decided to sever ties with coach Matthew Elliot at season's end. On 20 June 2011 he stepped down as coach and that same day Steve Georgallis was appointed caretaker coach for the remainder of the season. On 29 June Ivan Cleary was announced as coach for the next 3 seasons, with Georgallis staying as assistant coach for the remainder of the season. After a 2010 season where the club went above and beyond expectations, they were looking to starting the new season on a", "id": "12368449" }, { "contents": "Esoteric programming language\n\n\na 6-step hue cycle and a 3-step brightness cycle; and black and white which are not ordered. When exiting a \"colourful\" colour and entering another one, the performed procedure is determined by the number of steps of change in hue and brightness. Black cannot be entered; when the pointer tries to enter a black region, the rules of choosing the next block are changed instead. If all possible rules are tried, the program terminates. Regions outside the borders of the image are also treated as black. White", "id": "8678699" }, { "contents": "Juan de Dios Ibarra\n\n\n. His initial success prompted then-coach, José Treviño, to name him the starter. Ibarra responded by allowing 21 goals in 12 games. However, the following season he would be benched, only seeing action in two games. The next season, Ibarra filled in for starting goalkeeper Ricardo Martínez in 11 games, while Martínez recovered from an injury. Juan de Dios stepped up to the challenge and allowed only 14 goals in that span. However, when Martínez returned, Ibarra was relegated to the bench and watched from", "id": "16392338" }, { "contents": "2014–15 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season\n\n\ngot off to a great start to the beginning of the new season and also had yet to concede a goal. The first chance fell to Millwall when they had a free-kick go just wide of the target. Compared to the previous game against Derby this game seemed a much less entertaining game, with the next best chance falling to Atdhe Nuhiu whose header went over the bar. Into the second half and a free-kick for handball was awarded to the Owls and Chris Maguire stepped up and fired the ball into", "id": "20489349" }, { "contents": "Joseph Petroski\n\n\nthe head coach for the ice hockey team Petroski has a subpar first season. Afterwards the region suffered from unseasonably warm weather and the Wildcats would only play seven games over the next two years (losing them all). When the weather started to return to normal for the 1950–51 season the team began to improve, finishing with a 5-4 record, but Petroski stepped down at the end of the campaign to focus on finishing his Master's degree. He earned a PhD in education from Harvard University in 1960 and embarked", "id": "8773046" }, { "contents": "1972 Minnesota Vikings season\n\n\na 7–9 record in 1979. The Vikings started the season with just one win in their first four games, including a surprising 19-17 loss to the lightly-regarded Cardinals in week four, when Gary Cuozzo bested his former team as Vikings kicker Fred Cox hit the upright on a potential game-winning field goal. The team recovered from their slow start, winning five of their next six to sit at 6–4. However, the Vikings would lose three of their final four games to finish the season at an even", "id": "20368296" }, { "contents": "Billy Rohr\n\n\nstart at the New York Yankees' home opener on April 14, 1967. The slim left-hander faced future Hall of Famer Whitey Ford, and was one strike away from a no-hitter when Elston Howard hit a soft single into right-center field. Rohr proceeded to retire the next batter for a 3–0 shutout. In his next start, he beat the Yankees again, this time 6–1, but only won one more game in the majors after that. In a two-season career, Rohr posted a", "id": "20209716" }, { "contents": "Dunkirk F.C.\n\n\nthe Ron Steel Sports Ground. The campaign though started with 3 defeats in their opening 6 matches but they went on a 30-game unbeaten run which pushed them into second place, 18 points behind Bardon Hill Sports with 8 games in hand. The expectations the club set themselves though were met when they saw the season out with 9 straight wins to take the East Midland Counties title by 6 points over Gresley. This gave the club the opportunity to be promoted and they were accepted into the Midland Football Alliance, putting Dunkirk into step", "id": "7099338" }, { "contents": "Konstantinos Banousis\n\n\nKonstantinos Banousis, (; born 23 January 1988) is a Greek footballer who plays as a midfielder. He began his career from the youth team of AEL, and in 2009 he was given on loan to Haidari and in the next season to Pyrsos Grevena. He has also played for Eordaikos 2007, and for Oikonomos Tsaritsani, (teams of lower National Categories), until 6 August 2012, when he made the major step to Greek Super League signing for OFI. He competed with the Cretan club for almost 2,5 years.", "id": "22088513" }, { "contents": "Penny (The Big Bang Theory)\n\n\nculture. She is messy and disorganized but appears to like it that way. Having dropped out of community college prior to the start of the series, she is the only regular character with less education than Howard Wolowitz, who has a master's degree. She initially feels insulted when Leonard shows her a list of community colleges to go to at the beginning of season 2, but in season 6, she does go back to college, taking a history class. By the middle of the season, she is also taking", "id": "1477498" }, { "contents": "Wagon numbering system in India\n\n\n3×S1+S2 br\"Step 5 \": Round this total up to the next multiple of 10. br\"Step 6 \": The check digit is the number required to the added to round up to the next multiple of 10 An example for the calculation, brLet the wagon number is 31101695215 br\"Step 1 :\" S1 = C2 + C4 + C6 + C8 + C10 = 1+0+6+5+1 = 13 br\"Step 2 :\" 3 × S1 = 39 br\"Step 3 :\" S2 = C1+ C3 + C5 + C7", "id": "13936147" }, { "contents": "Germany's Next Topmodel (season 6)\n\n\nGermany's Next Topmodel, Cycle 6 is the sixth season of the show that was aired on the German television network ProSieben. The show started airing on 3 March 2011. In difference to the last two years, a preselection was done and open castings were not part of the show any more. The first episode started with 50 semifinalists, the fewest since Cycle 1. It was also announced that an elimination outside the judging panel can happen at any point. Once again the entire judging panel except for Heidi Klum was replaced", "id": "15640477" }, { "contents": "The Next Step (2013 TV series)\n\n\n2015, it was announced that the series would return for a fourth season, which premiered on February 15, 2016. On March 21, 2016, Frank van Keeken announced on Instagram that \"The Next Step\" would return for a fifth season, which premiered on May 26, 2017. The series has been renewed for a sixth season of 26 episodes which premiered in Canada on September 29, 2018. The series has been renewed for seasons 7 to 84, with 22 episodes per season. \"The Next Step\"", "id": "11272799" }, { "contents": "Stoer–Wagner algorithm\n\n\nthe new graph is as shown in step 2. In this phase, the weight of cut is 5, which is the summation of edges (1,2) and (1,5). Right now, the first loop of MinimumCut is completed. In step 2, starting from node 2, the heaviest edge is (2,15), thus node 15 is put in set formula_42. The next heaviest edges is (2,3) or (15,6), we choose (15,6) thus node 6 is added to the set. Then", "id": "10463465" }, { "contents": "Zeuthen strategy\n\n\nt)  Risk(j,t)\". If agent \"i\" makes a sufficient concession in the next step, then, assuming that agent \"j\" is using a rational negotiation strategy, if agent \"j\" does not concede in the next step, he must do so in the step after that. The set of all sufficient concessions of agent \"i\" at step \"t\" is denoted \"SC(i, t)\". is the minimal sufficient concession of agent A in step \"t\". Agent", "id": "18261318" }, { "contents": "Father Dowling Mysteries\n\n\nand Prestwick is initially appointed to replace him. At the end of the episode, Father Prestwick is reassigned to a parish in Alaska: hence he does not appear in the next 5 episodes, reappearing only in the final Season 1 episode, \"The Pretty Baby Mystery\" (when it's said he had offended the Bishop in Anchorage, Alaska, and been kicked out there). From the start of Season 2 he becomes one of the regular cast. The show was due to begin in 1988, but because of", "id": "14580572" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Real Valladolid season\n\n\nOn 4 July, Carlos Suárez announced he had bought 59% of the club shareholding, becoming shareholder of Real Valladolid, and therefore the owner of the entity. At the same time he confirmed that he will not step down as chairman and, from the next day, news about the sporting aspect will be known. Earlier on 6 July, the club became official the incorporation of the Serbian manager Miroslav Đukić for the next 3 seasons. During that day, it also was confirmed that José Antonio García Calvo, general director", "id": "17579656" }, { "contents": "1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final\n\n\ncup. But the credit has to be shared between all the chaps – and I am over the moon.\" The Italian further added that their goal now was to win the league championship: \"The next step will be the Premier League, fingers crossed. I am still the player-manager and I have to be one next season. We are very happy to win, but we do not want to stop here. We want to keep improving and next season we will start trying to win the Premier League,", "id": "2771480" }, { "contents": "America's Best Dance Crew (season 6)\n\n\nfive seasons, was dropped. A total of ten dance crews were selected to compete. This was the first season to showcase a crew from the Pacific region. The first five crews auditioned for a chance to move on in the competition during the season premiere, beginning with a group performance to \"6 Foot 7 Foot\" featuring Cory Gunz. The next five crews performed to Ke$ha hits to compete for a chance to move on to the next round, starting with a dance number to \"We R Who We R\"", "id": "1492218" }, { "contents": "Baltimore Ravens\n\n\nthe team started the season with a 4-5 record, Jackson took over as the starting QB in Week 11 when Joe Flacco was sidelined with a hip injury. The team won six of its next seven games, finishing the 2018 season with a 10-6 record and winning the AFC North, giving them their first playoff appearance since 2014 and their first division title since 2012. The Ravens lost to the Chargers in the Wild Card round at M&T Bank Stadium with Jackson at quarterback, making him the youngest QB in", "id": "3926513" }, { "contents": "2010–11 San Antonio Spurs season\n\n\nperformances as a member of their Summer League squad in July, when he led the team in scoring, the Spurs signed free agent Gary Neal. The 6-6 guard had gone undrafted in the 2007 NBA draft and spent the next three season playing in Europe. The Spurs announced their training camp roster on September 27, one day before the start of the training camp itself. The 18-man roster included the additions of Marcus Cousin, Thomas Gardner, Bobby Simmons and the Spurs 2008 draft pick James Gist. The Spurs also", "id": "18068440" }, { "contents": "Joe Margoneri\n\n\nplaying for them two years. His most productive season came in 1956, when he had a 6–6 record with a 3.93 earned run average in a pitching rotation that included Johnny Antonelli (20–13), Rubén Gómez (7–17), Al Worthington (7–14) and Jim Hearn (5–11). The next year he worked almost exclusively as a left-handed specialist out of the bullpen. In a two-season major league career, Margoneri posted a 7–7 record with a 4.29 ERA in 36 pitching appearances, including 15 starts", "id": "20315001" }, { "contents": "Homefront (video game)\n\n\nday the invasion starts in the game, if you combine everything, the odds are very very slim this becomes true. But when you look at the storyline step by step, every step is a coin flip but a plausible step. So once you get there, it's plausible. And from there the next step is plausible as well. Even though the whole thing is fictional, it comes with plausible baby steps.\" While the story was billed as being written by John Milius, Gamasutra reported \"most former employees", "id": "1284001" }, { "contents": "2006 Philadelphia Eagles season\n\n\nbut they underwent a mid-season downturn that left them 5–6 and without McNabb. Backup quarterback Jeff Garcia stepped in and running back Brian Westbrook stepped up as the season turned around for Philadelphia. The team came back from the dead in late-November to win their last five regular season games, surprisingly winning the NFC East division title after a three-game December road sweep of all of its division rivals. They beat the New York Giants 23–20 in a home playoff game before finally losing to the Saints. McNabb started", "id": "7495677" }, { "contents": "2007–08 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\n\n\n'. Derby County assistant manager Stan Ternent was appointed as manager at the Galpharm Stadium, on 24 April, with his assistant being ex-Town player Ronnie Jepson. However, Murphy remained in charge of the team for the rest of the season and Ternent will take control of the team at the start of next season. It was announced, on 10 April, that Ken Davy was to step down as chairman after completing a deal with local businessman Dean Hoyle, who will take over at the start of the 2009–10 season", "id": "16509451" }, { "contents": "Mike Sherrard\n\n\n. He also had injury complications when he was diagnosed as having a blood clot on the same hip. His best professional season came in 1994, when he had career-highs in starts (14), receptions (53), receiving yards (825) and touchdowns (6). The next year, although he missed most of the preseason with a hamstring injury, he played in 13 games (13 starts), catching 44 receptions for 577 yards and 4 touchdowns. He missed the 12th and 13th games with", "id": "11608358" }, { "contents": "Jonathan Jones (musician)\n\n\nrecord their next album. This album, named \"A Silver Lining\", was released on October 6, 2009. On March 5, 2013, the band released a new album called \"Love On\". On February 3, 2009, Jones started selling his solo CD, We Were Young, on various websites and on iTunes. Physical copies of the CD will be available \"this fall when [he] does a solo tour\". A new solo album, entitled \"Community Group\", was released on", "id": "17561216" }, { "contents": "Garin Higgins\n\n\nlowest overall winning record since 1980 – 2–8. The next season, however, Higgins turned the program around and finished the next two seasons 5–6 overall, and 3–6 in conference play. During his sixth season at Emporia State, the university had undergone a leadership change. With the new leadership change, came a new atmosphere on campus and Higgins led the Hornets to their first winning season since 2003. The Hornets started the season off strong winning their first eight games – the program's first since 1988 – earning them national rankings", "id": "17668079" }, { "contents": "Joe Mercer (jockey)\n\n\nand missed the fillies classics. She eventually reappeared in early July running 3rd under jockey John Higgins. She then stepped up in class for this Nassau victory when ridden by Mercer to beat her stable companion Odeon (ridden by Piggott). Connaught Bridge next took the Yorkshire Oaks when Mercer rode her to a three length victory over Senorita Poquito and Reprocolor. She finished off her year with a storming victory in the Twickenham Fillies Stakes at Kempton, again Mercer ridden. The leading filly at the start of the season had been Wildenstein", "id": "13606425" }, { "contents": "6:02 AM EST\n\n\nfinale\". During a conference call with journalists, actor John Noble called \"6:02 AM EST\" and the next two episodes of the third season an \"epic trilogy\". He elaborated \"All year we've been heading toward the fact that there seems to be an inevitable conflict between the two universes. And we've gotten to know the people on both sides now, so we now bring it to a conclusion starting with '6:02.' By the next episode we start to deal with the issue because our earth", "id": "275912" }, { "contents": "General Schedule (US civil service pay scale)\n\n\nbetween steps 7–8, 8–9, and 9–10. However, an employee can be rewarded for outstanding work performance via a \"quality step increase\" (\"QSI\"), which advances the employee one step within grade regardless of time at the previous step. (When a QSI is awarded, the date of the QSI becomes the starting date for the next step increase, which (if future step increases are awarded on the normal progression) will shorten the overall time for an employee to reach the final step within a grade", "id": "5621885" }, { "contents": "Dick Klein (basketball)\n\n\nMotta then ordered Klein to consult him before any trade he made in the future. Facing pressure from other members of team management, Klein stepped down as general manager before the start of the Bulls fourth season, but he retained his share of the ownership and saw the Bulls improve significantly under Motta during the next few seasons. The team won 51 games during the 1970–71 season and 57 games the next season, and the Bulls began to secure a steady fan base. Klein orchestrated the sale of several owners' shares of the", "id": "12777266" }, { "contents": "Robert Mathis\n\n\nand is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Nu Epsilon chapter. Mathis was selected by the Indianapolis Colts with the 138th selection in the 2003 NFL Draft. Mathis immediately stepped in during his rookie season as a pass rush specialist, playing in all 16 regular season games and recording 20 tackles, 3.5 sacks and 3 forced fumbles. During his second season, Mathis took another step forward as he increased his numbers to 36 tackles, 10.5 sacks and 6 forced fumbles, despite appearing only as a specialist and starting only", "id": "11707591" }, { "contents": "Chess960 starting position\n\n\nis 6, then the roll is repeated. For the second knight one indication (1-4) is required. If it is 5, then the relative position from the first knight is the next empty square, else if it is 6 then the next after. If the empty square does not exist, then the five empty squares are considered in circle. With polyhedral dice shaped like each of the five Platonic solids, one never needs to reroll any dice. Roll all the dice in one throw and place White", "id": "1819510" }, { "contents": "2018 Connecticut Sun season\n\n\nThe 2018 WNBA season is the 20th season for the Connecticut Sun franchise of the WNBA. It is also the 16th season for the franchise in Connecticut. The season tipped off on May 13. The Sun got off to a strong start, going 3–0 in May. All three wins were at home. In June, the Sun started strong, winning their first 4 of 5. However, they lost 5 of their next 7 games to finish 6–6 on the month. That skid included a 1–4 road trip, where all losses", "id": "7330421" }, { "contents": "Joshua John\n\n\nbench, making four appearances. At the start of the 2012–13 season, John started well when he scored and set up a goal, in a 6–0 win over UE Santa Coloma in the first round of the UEFA Europa League Qualifiers. The club was subsequently through to the next round after beating them 3–0 in the second leg. However, John expected to have his first team opportunities limited. In the 2013–14 season, John returned to the first team at Twente and made his first team appearance for the first time in a", "id": "13597077" }, { "contents": "2001–02 Scottish Premier League\n\n\nwould extend through the entirety of the following season, for 77 matches, until a defeat to Aberdeen on 21 April 2004. The only points Celtic dropped at home was in their final home game, an Old Firm derby against Rangers which was drawn 1–1. Celtic clinched the title at Celtic Park on 6 April 2002, with a 5–1 win against Livingston. Henrik Larsson again finished as the league's top scorer, with 29 goals. Rangers started the season poorly and were 11 points behind Celtic when manager Dick Advocaat stepped aside", "id": "10429585" }, { "contents": "List of Wipeout obstacles\n\n\nthree rounds that start on this western-themed obstacle course. First the contestants take a spin in the classic \"Dizzy Dummy\". Then they bounce off the diving boards trying to land on the rotating platforms crossing over to the \"Crank Shaft\". Next is the \"Knee Sweeper\", then the spinning platform and one final step to the finish platform. All this while avoiding faux horseshoes and moneybags being thrown at them when crossing the course. Season 4 (\"Summer Wipeout\") features the \"Wipeout Playset", "id": "13019150" }, { "contents": "Jack Adams (rugby union)\n\n\nU21s squad at age 18. After this long injury lay off Jack started the 2006-07 Guinness Premiership with 2 tries in the first two home games of the season, they were both scored when he came on as a replacement. When Mike Tindall was away playing for England Jack would always step up to the mark, and many times being man of the match, notably vs Wasps, Leicester Tigers & Newcastle Falcons all in the space of a few weeks. In total Jack scored 6 tries in all competitions during the", "id": "7450187" }, { "contents": "Dr. Johnny Fever\n\n\na good situation for him, but does wonder from time to time about what he is missing by being \"under wraps\" and largely out of the national limelight by staying. He does return to WKRP for two two-part episodes in Season 1; then, late in the second season, he steps in as temporary overnight disc jockey when the station's longstanding and never-seen jock, Moss Steiger, dies. Johnny gets a full send-off near the end of the new series when he decides to return", "id": "2053565" }, { "contents": "Kaspars Stupelis\n\n\nHis first two seasons alongside Štelle were not particularly successful and it came as a surprise when the reigning world champion, Daniël Willemsen, picked him as his passenger for the 2003 season. The team was successful from the start, winning the first race of the season in Talavera de la Reina, Spain on April 6, 2003. It was Stupelis first race victory and he gained another 30 in this and the next season with Willemsen, winning two world titles in the process. Willemsen, who has exchanged passengers frequently over the", "id": "17494412" }, { "contents": "1997 St. Louis Rams season\n\n\nThe 1997 St. Louis Rams season was the team's 60th year with the National Football League (NFL) and the third season in St. Louis. Still struggling to find answers, the Rams looked to improve on their 6–10 record from 1996 and make the playoffs for the first time since 1989, when the team was still based in Anaheim. The Rams started out the season mediocre, splitting their first four games. However, after beating the Giants at home, things began to unravel, as the Rams lost their next eight", "id": "4877083" }, { "contents": "Snipe Hansen\n\n\nconsecutive decisions. He earned victories in his next three starts, all of which were complete games; in the second contest, he pitched 11 consecutive innings to defeat the Reds. Hansen lost his next two starts before earning his only save of the season on August 2. In his final 11 appearances of that season, Hansen won two games and lost eight, eschewing a decision only once on August 26, to finish the season with a 6–14 record; he walked 30 batters, the lowest number in the starting rotation,", "id": "6931157" }, { "contents": "Shaun McManus\n\n\nHe returned for the start of the 1998 season, but in Round 6 against Port Adelaide he suffered a recurrence of the injury and required a second reconstruction. He returned again in 1999 and played all but five games over the next six seasons. In 2000 his leadership qualities were recognised when he was awarded the co-captaincy of the club alongside Adrian Fletcher. During the Round 4 2001 Western Derby McManus displayed one of the most courageous acts seen in a derby when he ran back with the flight of the ball to take", "id": "20311799" }, { "contents": "Jhon van Beukering\n\n\nscored 2 goals in the 3 games he played that season. The next season, he got a place in the starting lineup for the club and scored 3 goals. In the 2002/2003 season he almost never played (only 6 times), so he was loaned to FC Zwolle. At FC Zwolle he also played 6 games, scoring 2 goals. The next season his loan spell at FC Zwolle was extended, and Van Beukering scored 3 goals in 14 games. Van Beukering returned to his former club De Graafschap in the", "id": "768286" }, { "contents": "AAA When Worlds Collide\n\n\nEstrada, as they had not been getting along in the weeks leading up to the match. The dissension started early on, as La Parka took offense to Estrada quickly stepping on the apron to let La Parka start the match. To counter, La Parka stepped out on the apron next to Estrada as well, leaving a confused Blue Panther to step back inside the ring while his teammates squabbled on the apron. Later on, as La Parka tried to pin his opponent, Estrada interfered and broke up the pinfall attempt and", "id": "6566888" }, { "contents": "Jorden runt på 6 steg\n\n\nJorden runt på 6 steg, \"\"Around the World in 6 Steps\"\", is a Swedish infotainment television series starring Filip Hammar and Fredrik Wikingsson, produced by Nexiko Media and aired in Kanal 5 in 2015. The first season consisted of three 80-minute episodes and was aired in 2015. Filip and Fredrik have recorded a second season which started airing November 2016, and desire to export the format. The format tests the six degrees of separation hypothesis. In each episode, Filip and Fredrik travel to a distant country,", "id": "1006691" }, { "contents": "2008 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\n\n\nGarcia. Garcia was recovering from a preseason injury, but was still named the starter. After dropping the season opener, Garcia was benched in favor of Brian Griese. Griese helped the team to victories in the next three games. With Garcia back as the starter for week 6, the Buccaneers went 6–1 over the next 7 games. At the end of November, Tampa Bay found themselves in first place in the NFC South. They tied a franchise best start of 9–3, were undefeated at home (6–0), and", "id": "17505309" }, { "contents": "East Coast Swing\n\n\nor \"Back Step. Slow. Slow.\" There is the choice to start with triples or with a rock step, however if you check the above chart where a triple step starts on a 1, 2 you can see that the pattern progresses and wraps back around. The choice of starting with a triple or a rock step does have musical consequences as music has phrasing with hits that often happen on 12, or 24 or 36... This means that dancers who choose to start with a rock step will probably find", "id": "10021015" }, { "contents": "Frode Holstad Hansen\n\n\nnext season Hansen left for IK Start, and in the decisive match of the 1984-season, his club Start won 2–1 against his old club Fredrikstad which meant that FFK was relegated. After three seasons in Start, Hansen stepped down from top flight football, and joined the fourth tier team Vigør. One year later he returned to his youth club, Gressvik, and became player-coach for the sixth tier team. Hansen made his debut for Norway on 12 August 1981 against Nigeria, which also was the first time since 1972", "id": "8476950" }, { "contents": "Winston Abreu\n\n\nERA of 2.31. But then over his next 8 appearances, he allowed runs in seven games, and his ERA ballooned to 6.38; on June 20, he was designated for assignment. Abreu was called back up in September when rosters expanded. Abreu finished the 2007 season with an 0–1 record with a 5.93 ERA in 26 games. He became a free agent after the season. Before the start of the 2008 season, Abreu signed with the Chiba Lotte Marines of Japan's Pacific League. On February 6, 2009,", "id": "16731315" }, { "contents": "Derrick Lassic\n\n\nto the Super Bowl, we needed Emmitt in the lineup\". The next season, he was limited with a torn ligament he suffered in his right knee during a pre-season game, until being placed on the injured reserve list on December 6, 1994. In Cowboys lore, he is remembered for being the starting running back for the first two games of the 1993 season when Smith held out in a contract dispute. The Carolina Panthers selected him from the Cowboys roster in the 20th round (40th overall) of", "id": "21924906" }, { "contents": "Fabian Giefer\n\n\nkept a clean sheet again, in a 1–0 win over Kaiserslautern. He appeared at the substitute bench three times, as the season progressed, Giefer went on to make 31 appearances in all competitions. It was announced on 6 December 2013 that Giefer would join Schalke 04 next season. In May 2014, the move was confirmed, as he signed a four-year contract and was assigned the squad number 34. However, at the start of the season, Giefer suffered a setback when he suffered injuries and was sidelined for", "id": "4047675" } ]

[ { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nseries and the contestants therein. The style of this series is similar to that of \"Survivor\". \"Total Drama\" was met with critical acclaim upon release and has developed a cult following. The \"Total Drama\" series is the original series of the greater \"Total Drama\" franchise, which consists of five seasons that have aired during a timeframe of eight years: the first season, \"Total Drama Island\", the second season, \"Total Drama Action\", the third season, \"Total Drama World", "id": "15119559" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nseries takes place in a different location. The first season, \"Total Drama Island\", is set at Camp Wawanakwa, a fictional island located in an unspecified area in Muskoka, Ontario. The second season, \"Total Drama Action\", is set in an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto, Ontario. In the third season, \"Total Drama World Tour\", the contestants are taken all around the world in the \"Total Drama Jumbo Jet\", which seems to be structurally unstable. Some of the countries", "id": "15119563" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nthat are visited in the third season include Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The fourth season, \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\", is set back at Camp Wawanakwa, but this time the island is radioactive. The first part of the fifth season, \"Total Drama All-Stars\", also takes place on the island, due to the success of the first and fourth seasons. The second part, \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\" however", "id": "15119564" }, { "contents": "List of Total Drama characters\n\n\n\"Total Drama\" is a Canadian animated comedy television series that began airing on Teletoon in 2007 in Canada and on Cartoon Network in 2008 in the United States. The first season, titled \"Total Drama Island\", follows twenty-two contestants on a reality show of the same name. A second season, titled \"Total Drama Action\", began airing in 2009, this time following fourteen (later fifteen) returning contestants. The third season, \"Total Drama World Tour\", began in June 2010, and", "id": "3047197" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\nSome characters from the previous \"Total Drama\" seasons make an appearance in the special \"Aftermath\" episodes as well as the finale. They include: The season began production in 2009 when Fresh TV Inc. told Teletoon to order new \"Total Drama\" episodes for an upcoming third season. This season was to be called \"Total Drama: The Musical\" when it first entered production. Keith Oliver and Chad Hicks directed this new season while two new voice actors, Marco Grazzini and Annick Obonsawin had to be hired if they", "id": "8725030" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\nTotal Drama World Tour is the third season of the \"Total Drama\" franchise that began with \"Total Drama Island\" and \"Total Drama Action\". The series extension was commissioned by Teletoon from the producers, Fresh TV, Inc. The season's elements and plot structure is largely based on \"The Amazing Race\", with the semi-final episode being a direct parody of the reality series. In this series, fifteen returning contestants and two new contestants are taken on a trip around the world, and compete in", "id": "8725023" }, { "contents": "Carter Hayden\n\n\nCarter Hayden (born February 12, 1982) is a Canadian actor and voice actor. He is most well-known for his role as Noah in the animated franchise \"Total Drama\". Hayden was born in British Columbia on February 12, 1982. He voiced Noah in the first season, \"Total Drama Island\", and the third season, \"Total Drama World Tour\". He also had a brief cameo appearance in the second season, \"Total Drama Action\", and later reprised the role in both", "id": "20404963" }, { "contents": "Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\n\n\nintroduced the new cast to what previous contestants have gone through before and prepared them for \"Total Drama All-Stars\". Such a change occurred again in \"\". Like \"Total Drama Island\", this season is a fictional reality show that follows the competition of thirteen new 16-year-old contestants at Camp Wawanakwa, a summer camp on a fictional island located in an unspecified area in Muskoka, Ontario. However, since the island has been forgotten and left alone for the past two seasons, the island has been", "id": "10043221" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\n. The series aired on Teletoon in Canada, ABC1, ABC3, and Cartoon Network in Australia, Kix Jetix and Disney XD in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Cartoon Network in the United States. The fourth season first aired on Télétoon+ and Canal+ Family in France, while the fifth season finished airing first on K2 in Italy. Australia was also the first country to finish airing the third season. \"Total Drama\" has had a total of 52 characters in the series who were introduced as contestants through five seasons.", "id": "15119572" }, { "contents": "The O.C. (season 3)\n\n\neventual cancellation of the show, Schwartz admitted that \"the whole first half of the third season was a total mess\". The third season was nominated for five Teen Choice Awards and won four of them, including \"Choice Drama/Action Adventure Show\" and \"Choice Actor: Drama/Action Adventure\", which Adam Brody won for the third consecutive year. IGN faulted a season which, in their opinion, had \"far too much time and too many episodes spent with the less than beloved character Johnny\".", "id": "11709295" }, { "contents": "List of Total Drama episodes\n\n\nepisode is sometimes added as a transition from one season to another), while the fourth season and each segment of the fifth season each only consist of 13 episodes. In the Teletoon release, in the beginning of each episode, Chris McLean (the host) narrates a voice introduction with a written disclaimer as follows: \"\"This episode of Total Drama contains scenes of extreme stunts performed by animated teens. Do not try any of what you see here at home. Seriously, you could get really messed up.\"", "id": "13785476" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\nepisodes that Cartoon Network ordered in 2012 for the fifth season. It was first announced on June 11, 2013 as a sixth season, even though it is still part of Season 5. This part features an entire new cast considered as the third generation of \"Total Drama\" characters and takes place at a brand new island, due to Chef Hatchet using a land drill to sink Camp Wawanakwa in the episode, \"The Final Wreck-ening\". This new island is the first new main setting in the series since", "id": "17195660" }, { "contents": "List of Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island episodes\n\n\nThis is a list of the episodes for \"Total Drama All-Stars\" and \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\", two segments which make up the fifth season of the \"Total Drama\" series, a Canadian animated television series. This season is a sequel to \"Total Drama Island\", \"Total Drama Action\", \"Total Drama World Tour\", and \"\". This season also features the 100th episode of the whole series, which aired in Canada on February 27, 2014. The series'", "id": "7424443" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\nTotal Drama All-Stars and Total Drama: Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth and final season of the Canadian animated television series, \"Total Drama\". The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012, ordering 26 episodes. It is a sequel to \"Total Drama Island\", \"Total Drama Action\", \"Total Drama World Tour\", and \"\". The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment. Owing to", "id": "17195654" }, { "contents": "List of Total Drama episodes\n\n\nThis article contains a list of all the episodes to the \"Total Drama\" series, a Canadian animated television show which aired on Teletoon in Canada and Cartoon Network in the United States. This series consists of five seasons: \"Total Drama Island\", \"Total Drama Action\", \"Total Drama World Tour\", \"\", \"Total Drama All-Stars\" \"Pahkitew Island\". Out of all the five seasons in the series, the first three seasons each consist of 26 episodes (although a special", "id": "13785475" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Action\n\n\nTotal Drama Action is a Canadian animated television series. It is the second season of the \"Total Drama\" series, which began with \"Total Drama Island\". The show premiered in Teletoon at 6:30 pm ET/PT on January 11, 2009. This series was also created by the makers of \"6teen\", another Teletoon program. This is the only season for Teletoon not to air a new episode every week. Like \"Total Drama Island\", the previous season, much of \"Total Drama Action\"", "id": "390981" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nof the contestants who were eliminated earlier. \"Action\" currently holds a 7.9 on Metacritic based on 14 reviews. The third season, \"Total Drama World Tour\", has also received critical acclaim from critics and won multiple awards including \"Best Animated Series\", \"Best Voice Actress\" (for Annick Obonsawin), and was also nominated for several other awards; however, the criticisms included the overuse of the love triangle between Courtney, Duncan, and Gwen, lack of development for characters returning from the first season", "id": "15119586" }, { "contents": "Rectify\n\n\nit ponders whether what's been lost can ever be repaid, not just to him but to everyone he and his alleged crimes touched.\" For the 6th Critics' Choice Television Awards, the series received three nominations, for Best Drama Series, Aden Young for Best Actor in a Drama Series, and Clayne Crawford for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. On DVD, the first season was released on June 18, 2013, the second season was released on June 2, 2015, and the third season was released", "id": "2107962" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\npart of the fifth season, \"Total Drama All-Stars\" was released on March 4, 2015, with the second part, \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\" being released on July 7, 2015. \"Total Drama\" episodes were made available on streaming services, such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, and iTunes. Currently, Netflix is missing \"Total Drama World Tour\" and \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" while retaining all other seasons, especially \"\". \"Total Drama\" was made", "id": "15119591" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Action\n\n\n\"Total Drama Island\", however, the alternate ending was available as a webcast on the show's website immediately following its airing. \"Total Drama Action\" has received mixed reviews from critics and fans. Most critics agree the season does not live up to the first season, \"Total Drama Island\", and others say the season was more \"childish\" and \"bad\". However some critics and fans did enjoy \"Total Drama Action\" as much as the first season along with a majority of critics praising", "id": "390993" }, { "contents": "Mad Men (season 3)\n\n\nfew months. The '50s are definitively over, and what we think of as the actual '60s is just beginning.\" The third season continued \"Mad Men\"'s streak of award wins and nominations at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards. The series won both Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series (Matthew Weiner and Erin Levy for \"Shut the Door. Have a Seat\"), both for the third year in a row. In the acting categories, Jon Hamm and January Jones were nominated", "id": "12391589" }, { "contents": "Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\n\n\nTotal Drama: Revenge of the Island (TDROTI for short) is the fourth season of the \"Total Drama\" franchise. The series' extension was commissioned by Teletoon from the producers, Fresh TV Inc. It is a sequel to \"Total Drama Island\", \"Total Drama Action\", and \"Total Drama World Tour\" and is a parody of reality TV shows, with this series taking the contestants back to Camp Wawanakwa (the original setting of the first season), only this time the island is radioactive.", "id": "10043219" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\non the countries the season finale airs). The total grand prize for this season is C$2 million, which is split in half across both parts. Total Drama All-Stars is the first part of the season. Christian Potenza first announced the season in an interview with Tom McGillis (the creator of the series), saying that \"Total Drama All-Stars\" would be very similar to \"Total Drama Island\" and \"\", due to the high worldwide ratings of the latter. That means that this", "id": "17195657" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Action\n\n\nthe character development of the characters who had small roles in the first season. \"Total Drama Action\" received a 7.6 on Metacritic by fans, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". Like the critics, many fans believed that this season did not live up to the previous season, \"Total Drama Island\". Australia is the only country in the world that has released \"Total Drama Action\" on DVD. They have released the first half of the season on a Region 4 DVD on November 2, 2011 which", "id": "390994" }, { "contents": "Scandal (season 3)\n\n\nIn social media, the season premiere delivered 712,877 tweets, making \"Scandal\" #1 most social series on Thursday night. Kerry Washington was nominated for an Emmy Award (Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series) and a Golden Globe Award for her performance in the season. The season premiere had 10.5 million total viewers, up 71 percent from last season's start in September 2012. The season finale had 10.5 million total viewers, up 15% from last season's finale in May 2013. The third season had an", "id": "4275387" }, { "contents": "Himmelblå\n\n\ntwo seasons were filmed back-to-back in 168 days in 2007-08, and premiered on 7 September 2008. The drama became an instant hit and has averaged more than 1 million viewers, which amounts to a quarter of Norway's total population. A few months later it returned for a second season, of which the finale was viewed by 1 309 000 viewers, making it the most seen drama series in Norwegian television history. The third and final season finished filming in September 2009, and began airing on", "id": "17222475" }, { "contents": "Falling Skies (season 3)\n\n\nThe third season of the American television drama series \"Falling Skies\" was renewed on July 11, 2012 for a total of 10 episodes. The season premiered on June 9 and ended on August 4, 2013. On July 2, 2013, TNT renewed the show for a fourth season. On July 11, 2012, the series was renewed for a third season, consisting of 10 episodes and premiered on June 9, 2013. Writer and co-executive producer Mark Verheiden disclosed that he would not return to the series", "id": "19456602" }, { "contents": "McLeod's Daughters (season 4)\n\n\nThe fourth season of the long-running Australian outback drama McLeod's Daughters began airing on 11 February 2004 and concluded on 24 November 2004 with a total of 32 episodes. This is the first season to not feature Lisa Chappell as Claire McLeod and Jessica Napier as Becky Howard, as both actresses left the series in the third season. Becky left to be with boyfriend Jake and Claire McLeod died at the end of the third season. Bridie Carter (Tess), Simmone Jade Mackinnon (Stevie), Rachael Carpani (Jodi", "id": "447560" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nThe first three seasons consist of an original set of cast, with a total of 25 characters (22 are introduced in the first episode of the series, while the other three are introduced later on), while the fourth season consists of only a new cast with 13 characters. However, the fifth season brings back both casts to compete together and against each other, while also introducing a third set of cast with 14 new characters. The names of all the contestants who have competed in the first five seasons are:", "id": "15119573" }, { "contents": "Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\n\n\nOn June 1, 2011 Christian Potenza released on his Facebook the new season logo along with more final designs of the characters. On June 3, 2011 there were snapshots of radioactive Camp Wawanakwa. On August 25, 2011 the new \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" flipbook was released. On August 28, 2011, the first official cast image was released to the public via Facebook. On September 24, 2011, the third official trailer was released which contained new scenes and confirmed the team assignments. On September", "id": "10043243" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\nSeven of them are part of the first generation cast who have all been in \"Total Drama World Tour\", while the other seven are part of the second generation cast who have all competed in \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" (the seven being the highest ranking for their season). Out of the seven original contestants, only Alejandro and Sierra have competed in one previous season; the other five have all competed in the first three seasons before \"Total Drama All-Stars\". Previous contestants from", "id": "17195672" }, { "contents": "Army Wives\n\n\nThe series opened its third season with 3.5 million viewers and a 2.4 rating among women 18-49, and a 1.0 rating among men 18-49. That made \"Wives\" the top-rated drama premiere in Lifetime's key demographic for 2009, though the show declined 22% among total viewers later in the year. The series opened its fifth season with a total of 4.2 million viewers, up 27% from the fourth-season premiere, and it scored a 1.4 rating among women 18-49. The", "id": "11287853" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\n' Problems\". On June 28, 2011, Christian Potenza mentioned an upcoming season of \"Total Drama\". This was the first time a cast member mentioned a fifth season to the public. One year later on July 19, 2012, Christian Potenza announced a fifth season of \"Total Drama\" in an interview with Tom McGillis, saying that Season 5 will be just like Seasons 1 and 4. This hinted that this season will take place back at an island. As shown in the Fresh TV official Website,", "id": "17195679" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\nfor this season is \"Heroes vs. Villains\" which means the competitors were separated into teams based on their past performance; with protagonists or \"Heroes\" from each season having to face off against each season's antagonists or \"Villains\". Both the season's first title, \"\" and the \"\" theme take after respective seasons from \"Survivor\". Cartoon Network's official synopsis describes the first part, \"Total Drama All-Stars\" as: Total Drama: Pahkitew Island is the second part of the 26", "id": "17195659" }, { "contents": "Charles H. Eglee\n\n\nproduced \"Total Security\" for ABC starring James Belushi and James Remar. Eglee and James Cameron teamed up again to co-create \"Dark Angel\", a futuristic drama starring Jessica Alba, set in a dystopic world of 21st-century Seattle. In 2003, Eglee joined the crew of FX police drama \"The Shield\" as an executive producer. In 2007, Eglee joined Showtime drama series \"Dexter\" as a writer and executive producer for the third season. He remained a writer and executive producer for the fourth", "id": "11470998" }, { "contents": "Kathy Bates filmography\n\n\n, in both comedy and drama categories, earning two additional Academy Award nominations as well as seven total Golden Globe Award nominations. In 2011, Bates starred as Harriet Korn on the NBC legal drama series \"Harry's Law\", her first starring role on television. The show ran for two seasons and Bates was nominated for two consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards. In 2013, she starred in the third season of the FX anthology horror series \"American Horror Story\", subtitled \"\". Bates won her second Emmy Award for", "id": "5140590" }, { "contents": "Doble Kara (season 3)\n\n\nThe third season of \"Doble Kara\", a Philippine television drama series on ABS-CBN, premiered on January 18, 2016 and concluded on April 22, 2016, with a total of 68 episodes. Directed by Emmanuel Q. Palo, Erick C. Salud, and Trina N. Dayrit, the series stars Royal Princess of Drama Julia Montes in a dual role, as Kara Dela Rosa and Sara Suarez, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Carmina Villarroel, Mylene Dizon, Ariel Rivera, Allen Dizon, Sam Milby, Maxene", "id": "8350351" }, { "contents": "List of Total Drama characters\n\n\nfollows fifteen returning contestants along with two (later three) new contestants. The show's fourth season, \"\", began airing in 2012, and was the first season to feature an entirely new set of contestants. The fifth season began airing in 2014, and was split into two parts, \"Total Drama All-Stars\" and \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\". The first part features contestants from the first four seasons, while the second part introduces new contestants. A spin-off, titled \"\"", "id": "3047198" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\nalso helped write and consult the plot for TDPI. \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\" was sponsored by the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network, who helped with the Cree translations for the team names and various season references. A general synopsis from Teletoon describes the second part, \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\" as: Both parts feature a fictional titular reality show that follows the competition of fourteen animated teenagers at a fictional island. For \"Total Drama All-Stars\", the original island used in the first season is featured", "id": "17195662" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Island\n\n\n. This process of elimination continued on until two players remain on the island. These two players were then subject to a final contest. \"Total Drama Island\" is a parody of the reality show \"Survivor\". Host Chris McLean is very similar to \"Survivor\" host Jeff Probst. This is the first season in which the winner does not get to keep the money, due to it being eaten by a shark in the episode \"Total Drama Drama Drama Drama Island\". \"Total Drama Island\" is a", "id": "7549768" }, { "contents": "List of accolades received by Netflix\n\n\nOutstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series. For the 88th Academy Awards, \"\" and \"What Happened, Miss Simone?\" were nominated. \"What Happened, Miss Simone?\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Music Film. For the third season of \"Orange Is the New Black\", Taylor Schilling won for the second time the Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy. For the 2016 Primetime Emmys, Netflix was the third company with most nominations with fifty four", "id": "15249681" }, { "contents": "Damages (TV series)\n\n\nthe Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series category. For its fifth and final season, Glenn Close received her third Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Television Series Drama, after being absent the previous two years. The series premiere on July 24, 2007 drew 3.7 million viewers, with total of 5.1 million viewers including re-airing on the same night, becoming the most watched cable television program for the night. However, the viewership declined over the first season, partially due the story's serialized approach, with the", "id": "1740056" }, { "contents": "G.O (singer)\n\n\nhave also made an appearance in Joon's drama Housewife Kim Kwan Ja's third Activity. In March, MBLAQ took part in MNet Wide's new corner, Refreshing Interview, with their own show called Sesame Player.[65] MBLAQ filmed a total of 13 episodes, and Infinite has been selected to film Season 2. They were the star fathers for Hello Baby season 5 where they take care and raise 3 children with different heritages. G.O will participate on SBS next drama after Rooftop Prince, titled Ghost. Also, there is a", "id": "19484600" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nit a 7.5 out of 10. \"Common Sense Media\" gave the show 4 out of 5 stars, calling it a \"[c]lever cartoon reality show spoof\". This season is known to be well-regarded by fans ever since. The second season, \"Total Drama Action\", received less acclaim due to being seen as less on par with \"Total Drama Island\"; a primary criticism was the selection of contestants from \"Island\" who had already made it far in that season, thus neglecting most", "id": "15119585" }, { "contents": "Anthony Sparks\n\n\nProducer of the critically acclaimed \"Queen Sugar,\" the television drama that debuted in 2016 and is created by Ava DuVernay and executive produced by DuVernay and Oprah Winfrey for OWN. Sparks has been nominated for two 2018 NAACP Image Awards. He was nominated for Outstanding Writing in Television Drama for the Queen Sugar (OWN) second-season episode \"What Do I Care for Morning\". This is his second consecutive nomination in this category and his third overall Image Award nomination for Outstanding Television Drama Writing. He is also nominated", "id": "15366866" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\nDrama World Tour\" on home video, which was released on a Region 4 DVD. The first part of the season was released in a Collection 1 DVD on April 3, 2013 while the second half of the season was released in a Collection 2 DVD on August 7, 2013. Teletoon hosted a \"Total Drama World Tour\" based website starting in 2010 called \"Total Drama Online\" where people could play games and earn badges to win prizes, but was only available in Canada. The site was then replaced with", "id": "8725036" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\ninto ashes. This is the second season (first being \"Total Drama Island\") in the series where no contestant wins anything. This season's entire plot structure and elements is expanded into a related series called \"\" which aired in 2015. This series also takes place around the world and also features eighteen competitors (teams) like \"Total Drama World Tour\", however whereas World Tour was still organized like \"Survivor\", \"The Ridonculous Race\" was based on \"The Amazing Race\". \"Total", "id": "8725028" }, { "contents": "Paul Rabwin\n\n\nDrama Series for their work on the second season. Rabwin remained a co-producer for the third season in 1995. At the 1996 ceremony Rabwin and the production team were again nominated for the drama Emmy for the third season. Rabwin remained a co-producer for the fourth season in 1996. The production team were again nominated for the drama Emmy at the 1997 ceremony. Rabwin was promoted to producer for the fifth season in 1997. The production team were nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series at the 1998", "id": "21551844" }, { "contents": "List of Total Drama World Tour episodes\n\n\nThis is a list of the episodes of \"Total Drama World Tour\", a Canadian animated television series which premiered on June 10, 2010, at 8:30 p.m. EST on Teletoon in Canada, and on June 21, 2010, at 9:00 p.m. EST on Cartoon Network in the U.S. It also aired on ABC3 in Australia. \"Total Drama World Tour\", a sequel to \"Total Drama Island\" and \"Total Drama Action\", is a parody of reality TV shows. This season takes the contestants around the world", "id": "14170360" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\n, Tyler, and Zoey. By season, 22 characters competed in Season 1, 15 competed in Season 2, 18 competed in Season 3, 13 competed in Season 4, and 14 characters competed in each half of Season 5 (28 total for the season). There are various voice actors who have recorded the voices for all the characters in the \"Total Drama\" series. Both Christian Potenza and Clé Bennett voice the two main characters in the series, who appear in almost every episode. Christian Potenza plays the", "id": "15119575" }, { "contents": "George Mastras\n\n\nfor the WGA award for Best Drama Series at the February 2010 ceremony for their work on the second season. Mastras was promoted to producer for the third season and continued to write episodes. During the third season, he wrote the episode \"I.F.T.\" and co-wrote \"Kafkaesque.\" Mastras was individually nominated for the 2011 WGA Award in the Best Episodic Drama category for his episode \"I.F.T.\". He was also nominated for the 2011 WGA Award in the category of Best Drama Series along with the third season writing", "id": "7069224" }, { "contents": "Carlton Cuse\n\n\n4, 2016, USA Network renewed \"Colony\" for a second season, ordering thirteen episodes. \"Colony\" was among the Top 10 scripted first season dramas on ad-supported cable. In season 2, Colony was the #1 cable scripted series on Thursday nights in total viewers. On April 4, 2017, Colony was renewed for a third and final season, with production moving from Los Angeles to Vancouver. In February 2016, Stephen King wrote on Twitter: \"In a year of remarkable TV, COLONY", "id": "3995289" }, { "contents": "Damages (season 3)\n\n\nThe third season of the FX legal drama series \"Damages\" premiered on January 25, 2010 and concluded on April 19, 2010. It consisted of 13 episodes, bringing the series total to 39. \"Damages\" was created by brothers Todd and Glenn Kessler, along with Daniel Zelman, each of whom served as executive producer and contributed four scripts for the season, including the premiere and the finale. The season picks up one year after the events of season two. Louis Tobin, patriarch of the famously wealthy Tobin", "id": "1473484" }, { "contents": "Bates Motel (season 2)\n\n\ncritics, and the premiere episode drew in a total of 3.07 million viewers. \"Bates Motel\" was renewed for a third season after five episodes of the second season had aired. For her performance as Norma Louise Bates, Vera Farmiga received nominations for the 2014 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series and the 2014 Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on October 7, 2014. For the second season, Nestor Carbonell, who recurred as", "id": "21840079" }, { "contents": "Bad Blood (season 1)\n\n\n\", by Antonio Nicaso and Peter Edwards. In November 2018, Netflix announced that it would distribute the series internationally, which began with the first season on December 7, 2018. The first season reached a total of 3.2 million Canadian viewers. John Doyle of \"The Globe and Mail\" praised the first season, calling it \"very superior docu-drama: gripping, richly textured and unfussily focused not just on the violent dynamics of a successful mob operation but on what happens when a strong leader is absent and the", "id": "4610749" }, { "contents": "Star Search (Singapore season 8)\n\n\n, and hosting. But what’s different this year is that viewers will have a hand in deciding the winner too. They can vote for the best contestant via SMS, contributing the remaining 10% of the total score. Star Appeal - 50% Markers include beauty/good looks, audience appeal, charisma, outstanding personality, confidence level Talent & Performance - 50% Markers include Acting, Drama, Comedy, Stage, Singing/Dancing and Hosting abilities Get ready for a colourful night of drama, song and dance as", "id": "8084914" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\n, Izzy, and Owen. Even though they never competed in \"All-Stars\", these characters still went on to have cameo appearances in the season. A list of all the cameos in \"Total Drama All-Stars\" and their roles during their cameos are shown below: There are no cameos in \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\" as no characters from previous seasons are seen in this segment. The only reference to an original character is Cody's shoe in the episode, \"Mo' Monkey, Mo", "id": "17195678" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Action\n\n\nthe same roles as that of \"Total Drama Island\", though some had their roles reduced as their characters were not as prominent in this season. As with \"Total Drama Island\", two endings were commissioned for the series, one with each of the final two competitors winning; after the airing of the penultimate episode and prior to the season finale, viewers were prompted to the show's website (either at Teletoon for viewers in Canada or Cartoon Network for American viewers) to vote for the desired ending. Unlike", "id": "390992" }, { "contents": "Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)\n\n\nPyaar Tune Kya Kiya (International Title: Love... What Have You Done?) is an Indian television drama series, which premiered on 23 May 2014 on Zing. The second season of the show was launched in September 2014, the third season was launched on 21 November 2014, the fourth season was launched on 17 April 2015, the fifth season was launched on 17 July 2015, the sixth season was launched on 2 October 2015, the seventh season was launched on 12 February 2016, the eighth season was launched on", "id": "3587295" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Island\n\n\nTotal Drama Island (sometimes shortened to TDI) is a Canadian animated television series which premiered in Canada on Teletoon on July 8, 2007. This is the first season of the \"Total Drama\" series and has 26 episodes, each 22 minutes in duration with a special 44 minute episode at the end. The season is mostly a parody of the series \"Survivor\", and features 22 campers in an elimination-based competition. On Cartoon Network, airing in the United States, some content has been removed from the", "id": "7549762" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Action\n\n\nAction\" was developed and produced by Fresh TV, targeting an age group of 10- to 16-year-olds. Many of the show's settings, as well as the show's opening sequence, are deliberately made to be as close as to their \"Total Drama Island\" counterparts as possible; Camp Wawanakwa, the setting of \"Total Drama Island\", was also revisited on several occasions, most notably as the site of some of the season's challenges. All of the cast of \"Total Drama Island\" return in", "id": "390991" }, { "contents": "Dr. Kildare\n\n\na total of 191 episodes in five seasons. The first two seasons told the story of Dr. James Kildare (Chamberlain), working in a fictional large metropolitan hospital while trying to learn his profession, deal with his patients' problems, and earn the respect of the senior Dr. Leonard Gillespie (Massey). In the third season, Dr. Kildare was promoted to resident and the series began to focus more on the stories of the patients and their families. The success of the show (along with ABC's contemporaneous medical drama", "id": "10707037" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nTour\", the fourth season, \"\", the fifth season, \"Total Drama All-Stars\", and the sixth and final season, \"\". The latest installment premiered on July 7, 2014, in the United States and September 4, 2014, in Canada. A spin-off series based on the main series, \"\". A spin-off series in an alternative universe, titled \"Total DramaRama\" was released on September 1, 2018 on Cartoon Network in the U.S. and on October", "id": "15119560" }, { "contents": "List of Totally Spies! characters\n\n\nsome inside jokes that were put into episodes, he said: \"In season II, guess what's the name of the totally hunky, totally clever boy that the 3 girls fall in love with at the same time? David.\" When asked about why David did not return in the third season, Michel said, \"David never was a recurring character. He was present in a few season II episodes so we didn't have to justify his not being in our stories anymore. But we have realized how important", "id": "5062921" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nthe whole series aired in Canada on February 27, 2014, with the producers very happy of this milestone. That means that it took Teletoon 6 years and 7 months for them to air the first 100 episodes. There are currently five seasons in the \"Total Drama\" series that have aired worldwide which all are listed below. The air dates listed in the table are from the original Canadian airings. Source for season list: Originally, co-creator Tom McGillis had stated that his personal goal was for \"Total Drama", "id": "15119569" }, { "contents": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\n\n\n\"Total Drama Action\". Part 2 aired in North America throughout the second half of 2014, but Italy was the first country to air \"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\" starting on June 13, 2014. This is the first season to air a new episode every day in the United States, and will also set the studio's record for fastest English airing for any season in the series. This part is being story edited by Terry McGurrin, while Dennis Jackson and Melanie Jackson, series creators of \"\",", "id": "17195661" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\nwanted to voice the two new characters, Alejandro and Sierra. The season's title was later changed to the current title, \"Total Drama World Tour\" in 2010 upon the airing of Celebrity Manhunt's Total Drama Action Reunion Special due to the singing no longer being the main focus for this season. The show's producers create two alternate endings for the final episode, such that the winner seen in one country's broadcasts is the runner-up in other countries (and vice versa) where the show airs. Heather", "id": "8725031" }, { "contents": "The Third Eye (Norwegian TV series)\n\n\nThe Third Eye () is a Norwegian crime drama television series, which stars Kyrre Haugen Sydness, Ida Elise Broch and Marte Engebrigsten. The first season was broadcast in 2014 and the second season in 2016. For about 4 years ago, Norwegian police officer Viggo Lust experienced one of parents worst nightmares; his daughter, Christina has simply vanished. But Viggo can't let go of the old case, and tries on the same time to find out the truth of what really happened to his daughter. 2 years after the", "id": "13090383" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\nDrama World Tour\" is a Canadian animated television series which premiered on June 10, 2010 at 8:30 p.m. EST on Teletoon and it premiered on June 21, 2010 at 9:00 p.m. EST on Cartoon Network. It aired on ABC3 at 6:40 a.m. in Australia. The contestant pool consists of 15 characters from the previous \"Total Drama\" seasons, and 2 new characters, Alejandro and Sierra. Midway through the season, Blaineley was brought on to compete, bringing the total number of contestants to 18, but was quickly eliminated.", "id": "8725029" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nhad been released on DVD. Cartoon Network released their \"Total Drama Island\" DVD in the U.S. on August 18, 2009 (Region 1), while Madman Entertainment (Region 4) also released \"Total Drama Island\" on DVD in Australia, but this time in two parts (Collection 1 on May 5, 2010, and Collection 2 on September 29, 2010). However, almost two years after \"Total Drama Action\" was first aired, Madman released their Collection 1 DVD of the second season on November", "id": "15119589" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\n2, 2011 (with Collection 2 being released on July 4, 2012), making Australia the only country that has released the entirety of \"Total Drama Action\" for private home viewing. Australia also released \"Total Drama World Tour\" on DVD with Collection 1 being released on April 3, 2013, and Collection 2 being released on August 7, 2013. On October 8, 2014, \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" was released into one part due to it being a shorter season. The first", "id": "15119590" }, { "contents": "Carla Collins\n\n\nspecial, \"Celebrity Manhunt's Total Drama Action Reunion Special\", as the host of the show-within-a-show, Celebrity Manhunt, Blaineley. Then she lent her voice for the next season in Total Drama World Tour, once again playing Blaineley, the co-host of Total Drama Aftermath, and then she became a late-coming contestant of the Total Drama World Tour and ending in either seventh or sixth place. This is her voice acting role, a role which also requires her to sing.", "id": "2886054" }, { "contents": "Star Trek: Enterprise\n\n\nthe 26 episode order for the third season to 24, meaning that if 24 episodes were created for the fourth season as well then they would have the 100 episodes needed for syndication. As well as a move to Friday nights, the fourth season was shortened further to 22 episodes, meaning that at cancellation there were 98 episodes produced in total. At the time of cancellation, \"Enterprise\" remained the highest rated drama series on UPN. The series went immediately into broadcast syndication; the arrangements having been made by UPN prior", "id": "7346477" }, { "contents": "The Wachowskis\n\n\nfor Outstanding Drama Series. It has also received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music. After the first season, Lilly took a break from it for what turned out to be the remainder of the series. A Christmas special was released December 23, 2016 with the remainder of the show's second season released in May 2017. Subsequently, the third season was cancelled, and \"Sense8\" concluded with a two-hour finale which aired in June 2018. In June 2016, the Academy of", "id": "14555083" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nby Todd Kauffman and Mark Thornton of Neptoon Studios. The creators, Tom McGillis and Jennifer Pertsch, studied what teenagers liked and disliked about reality television shows in the writing process. McGillis says they used a \"countrywide online research project\" to determine this demographic's likes. Fresh TV Inc. partners McGillis, Pertsch, Elliott and Irving produced the series. The budget for the first season was $8 million. It was animated in Flash, at Elliott Animation's studio in Toronto. Every cast and crew member on \"Total", "id": "15119566" }, { "contents": "Paul Redford\n\n\nepisodic drama. Redford was promoted to co-producer for the second season and continued to write episodes. Redford and Sorkin were again nominated for a WGA Award for best episodic drama for their work on the second-season episode \"Somebody's Going to Emergency, Somebody's Going to Jail\". Part way through the third season Redford was promoted again to producer. He returned as a producer and writer for the fourth season. Redford was nominated a third time for the WGA Award for best episodic drama for his work on", "id": "16629016" }, { "contents": "Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\n\n\nCartoon Network viewers were able to vote for Zoey before the finale due to them airing Episode 12 and 13 in the same day. \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" has received mostly mixed to positive reviews. In the United States, over 3.3 million people have viewed the season, with over 51% growth over last year, making \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" the #1 telecast of the year for Cartoon Network. Tom McGillis said in an interview that both \"Total Drama: Revenge of", "id": "10043246" }, { "contents": "Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race\n\n\nfinish line for each leg, before stepping foot on the \"Carpet of Completion\". \"Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race\" has 32 brand new contestants, along with four contestants from the original \"Total Drama\" series. The contestants compete in teams of two throughout the season. Characters in bold are reused characters from the original series while the rest are new. However, some voice actors and actresses who previously worked on \"Total Drama\" returned to voice new characters. Also, Anne Maria, Blaineley,", "id": "5358556" }, { "contents": "The West Wing (season 3)\n\n\nThe third season of the American political drama television series \"The West Wing\" aired in the United States on NBC from October 3, 2001 to May 22, 2002 and consisted of 21 episodes and 2 special episodes. The season premiere was delayed by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States. When the season did return, the first episode was a special episode titled \"Isaac and Ishmael,\" in which the main cast paid tribute to those affected by the attacks and informed viewers about what to expect", "id": "17654235" }, { "contents": "Total Drama World Tour\n\n\ncultural themed challenges of countries they visit. An added twist in this season is that they are required to break spontaneously into song, or else be immediately eliminated. The original cast from this and past seasons do not compete in the next season, \"\", as there is a new cast. However, nine of these original contestants each have a cameo in the next season, while seven of them return to compete again in the fifth season, \"Total Drama All-Stars\". This series is rated TV-", "id": "8725024" }, { "contents": "Gwendoline Christie\n\n\nher self-given quest to become a knight. For her performance as Brienne in the show's third season, Christie was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television in 2014. As a part of the cast, she was also nominated for a total of four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (she was not a part of the nominated cast on certain years depending on her number of appearances each season). In addition to her role in \"Game of", "id": "21730117" }, { "contents": "Wildflower (season 3)\n\n\nThe third season of \"Wildflower\", a Philippine revenge drama television series on ABS-CBN, premiered on August 14, 2017 and concluded on December 1, 2017, with a total of 80 episodes. Season three stars Maja Salvador, as Lily Cruz and Ivy Aguas, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Tirso Cruz III, Aiko Melendez, Sunshine Cruz, Wendell Ramos, Vin Abrenica, RK Bagatsing, and Joseph Marco. When Ivy (Maja Salvador) reveals her real identity as Lily Cruz after she cripples the", "id": "18998739" }, { "contents": "Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\n\n\nPrevious contestants from past seasons no longer compete in \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" since this season features an entire new cast. The thirteen new contestants who are introduced in here are Anne Maria, B, Brick, Cameron, Dakota, Dawn, Jo, Lightning, Mike, Sam, Scott, Staci, and Zoey. This new season has new friendships, new rivalries, and new relationships. However, the season is only half the length of any previous seasons, with just 13 episodes. The season", "id": "10043220" }, { "contents": "Homeland (TV series)\n\n\nrating of 96 out of 100 from 21 critics. The third season initially received generally favorable reviews, with a rating of 77 out of 100 based on 23 critics, but reviews became more negative as the season progressed. Hank Stuever of \"The Washington Post\" gave the pilot episode an A−, saying \"What makes \"Homeland\" rise above other post-9/11 dramas is Danes's stellar performance as Carrie—easily this season's strongest female character,\" and that \"The latter half of the first episode is exhilarating. I", "id": "15284897" }, { "contents": "The West Wing (season 3)\n\n\nits third consecutive award for Outstanding Drama Series and Allison Janney also won her third consecutive award, this time in the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series category. John Spencer and Stockard Channing each won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, respectively, after being nominated twice before. The season received several acting nominations, which included Martin Sheen for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series; Dulé Hill, Richard Schiff, and Bradley Whitford for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series", "id": "17654242" }, { "contents": "Kevin Hart: What the Fit\n\n\nto each episode, YouTube posts bonus content, including a collection of deleted scenes as well as a special workout with Kevin and his trainer, Ron “Boss” Everline. On January 4, 2019, the Producers Guild of America nominated \"Kevin Hart: What The Fit\" for the award for Outstanding Short Form Program. The first two seasons of What the Fit have driven over 313 million total views across all the episodes and related content to date. It was announced that YouTube renewed the show for a third season on", "id": "20698821" }, { "contents": "Lost Girl\n\n\nmake the season a total of 22 episodes. The order for more episodes was made public two weeks before the first appearance of \"Lost Girl\" cast and producers at San Diego Comic-Con International. Naming \"Lost Girl\" its \"highest rated drama series\", Showcase announced the renewal for a third season on December 9, 2011, with production beginning in spring 2012. The United States debut of \"Lost Girl\" on January 16, 2012, was announced by Syfy on December 12, 2011; with the", "id": "13746608" }, { "contents": "Third Watch\n\n\nThird Watch is an American crime drama television series created by John Wells and Edward Allen Bernero that aired on NBC from September 23, 1999, to May 6, 2005, with a total of 132 episodes spanning over six seasons. It was produced by John Wells Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters", "id": "2352537" }, { "contents": "1961 (Heroes)\n\n\n\"1961\" is the twenty-third episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"Heroes\" and fifty-seventh episode overall. The episode aired on April 13, 2009. Angela Petrelli has gathered the family--- sons Nathan and Peter, granddaughter Claire Bennet, and Claire's adoptive father Noah--- at the abandoned settlement of Coyote Sands, and prepares to explain what had happened there. It is revealed that back in 1961, the site had been a relocation center, sponsored by the government, to study", "id": "2299085" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\n7, 2018 on Teletoon in Canada. The name of each season consists of the title \"Total Drama\" with a different word or phrase later added. That changing word or phrase defines the theme for that season. This series is a competition to win a cash prize of C$100,000 in the first season and C$1,000,000 in every other season. This series takes elements of other widely known series such as \"Survivor\", \"Fear Factor\", \"The Amazing Race\", and \"Escape from Scorpion Island\"", "id": "15119561" }, { "contents": "Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\n\n\nfirst three seasons make cameo appearances throughout the season. Other than Chris McLean and Chef Hatchet, this season featured an entirely new cast of characters. Another new character featured this season was Beverly (referred to as B). However, although he appeared in four episodes, he had no lines during any of his appearances. Several characters from previous seasons also made cameo appearances in this season. Unlike previous seasons, \"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\" features a new set of contestants, which are Anne Maria,", "id": "10043227" }, { "contents": "The Americans (season 3)\n\n\nof the Year, Rhys was nominated for Individual Achievement in Drama, and it won for Outstanding Achievement in Drama. For the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, Margo Martindale won for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama series after her third consecutive nomination, and Joshua Brand was nominated for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for \"Do Mail Robots Dream of Electric Sheep?\". For the 68th Writers Guild of America Awards, the series was nominated for . The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on March 1, 2016", "id": "11128950" }, { "contents": "Bobby Cannavale\n\n\nComedy Series and portrayed Gyp Rosetti during the third season of the HBO drama series \"Boardwalk Empire\", for which he won the 2013 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. In 2016, he starred in the HBO drama series \"Vinyl\", produced by Martin Scorsese and Mick Jagger. In 2017, he joined the cast of the USA Network drama series \"Mr. Robot\" during its third season. For his roles in \"Mauritius\" and \"The Motherfucker with the Hat\", Cannavale was", "id": "20144943" }, { "contents": "Dan Petronijevic\n\n\nfellow \"19-2\" actor Jared Keeso. He also co-stars in the second season of the crime drama \"Cardinal\" as the drug enforcer Leon. Petronijevic is a prolific voice actor, having worked on numerous animated television series. He voiced the character of Geoff in \"Total Drama Island\", \"Total Drama Action\", and \"Total Drama World Tour\". He had to sing for that role, performing an entire solo song. He later reprised the same character in the spin-off series", "id": "18949019" }, { "contents": "Mad Men (season 3)\n\n\nin Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for her work on \"Guy Walks into an Advertising Agency\". The American Film Institute honored the \"transformative\" third season of \"Mad Men\" as one of the ten greatest television achievements of 2009, exalting both January Jones and Jon Hamm for leading the strong ensemble. \"Mad Men\" won Best Television Drama Series at the 67th Golden Globe Awards for the third year in a row. Jon Hamm was nominated for Best Actor – Television Series Drama for the third year in a", "id": "12391591" }, { "contents": "Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 3)\n\n\nThe third season of the CBS crime drama series \"Hawaii Five-0\" premiered on September 24, 2012 and ended on May 20, 2013. Christine Lahti joined the cast in a recurring role as McGarrett's mother, Doris, who had been revealed to actually still be alive at the end of the previous season. \"She's a wonderful addition to the 'H50' family and the fans will certainly enjoy what we have in store for her,\" said showrunner Peter Lenkov. \"Let's just say that the apple", "id": "11009459" }, { "contents": "Total Drama\n\n\nwith their respective voice actors being reused in the new spin-offs. On May 3, 2017, it was announced that \"Total Drama\" would be making a return. It was later revealed that it would be returning as a new series titled \"Total DramaRama\". The show is a spin-off that has the contestants as kids in daycare. This is a list of all the seasons that have aired with the original Canada air dates shown below along with basic elements for each season. The 100th episode of", "id": "15119568" }, { "contents": "David Hudgins\n\n\nceremony for his work on the third season of \"Friday Night Lights\". He was nominated for the WGA Award for Best Drama Series for the third consecutive year at the February 2010 ceremony for his work on the fourth season. He also won a Peabody Award for Excellence in Television in 2011 and in Season 5, when he was Co-Showrunner, Friday Night Lights was nominated for an Emmy for Best Drama Series. In 2010, Hudgins created the drama series \"Past Life\" which aired on Fox. In fall", "id": "18857234" }, { "contents": "What Lies Below\n\n\n\"What Lies Below\" is the 13th episode of the second season of the American science fiction drama television series \"Fringe\". Set in a quarantined Boston office building, the episode revolves around a thousands-year-old viral hemorrhagic fever that infects and then influences its victims to attempt to spread the viral particles outside of the building. It was the third \"Fringe\" episode to be written by supervising producer Jeff Vlaming, while it was director Deran Sarafian's only credit for the series to date. After his character", "id": "5559460" }, { "contents": "Eris Quod Sum\n\n\n\"Eris Quod Sum\" is the seventh episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"Heroes\" and forty-first episode overall. The episode aired on October 27, 2008. \"Eram quod es, eris quod sum\" is a Latin phrase that is often found on gravestones and translates as \"I was what you are, you will be what I am\". Mohinder Suresh leaves Isaac Mendez's loft and takes Maya to Pinehearst Laboratories where he meets Arthur Petrelli. Arthur agrees to fix Maya", "id": "9993053" } ]

[ { "contents": "2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nThe 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (; ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the day before the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the second time that South Korea had", "id": "7440146" }, { "contents": "Winter Olympic Games\n\n\nby the end of 2017 the IOC Disciplinary Commission had disqualified 43 Russian athletes, stripping thirteen medals and knocking Russia from the top of the medal table, thus putting Norway in the lead. On 6 July 2011, Pyeongchang, South Korea, was selected to host the 2018 Winter Olympics over Munich, Germany, and Annecy, France. This was the first time that South Korea had been selected to host a Winter Olympics and it was the second time the Olympics were held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics", "id": "15232369" }, { "contents": "2014 Winter Olympics\n\n\nheld in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria; and Pyeongchang, South Korea. This is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow. As of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion. This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects (roads, railroads, power plants). This total is over", "id": "19427265" }, { "contents": "2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony\n\n\nmost recent Olympics: Greece hosted the 2004 Summer Olympics games held in Athens, and Italy hosted these. The names of the nations were announced first in Italian, then in English and followed by French. North Korea and South Korea marched together under the Unification Flag for the first time in the Winter Olympic Games. The two nations have been doing so since the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. North Korea, however, did not participate in the 2002 Winter Games in Salt Lake City. Altogether, 80 National Olympic Committees participated", "id": "10836067" }, { "contents": "The Pyongyang Times\n\n\nare posted in the south as a deliberate policy to infect the South Korean population. In a 31 May 1986 article, it criticized the decision that the 1988 Olympics were to be held in South Korea, claiming that \"If the Olympic Games were to be held in South Korea, many sportsmen and tourists of the world would meet death, infected with AIDS.\" Meanwhile, it has described North Korea as the only country in the world that has no HIV/AIDS sufferers. However, the paper was relatively open during", "id": "20855924" }, { "contents": "Winter Olympic Games\n\n\nGames have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China, to host the 2022 Winter Olympics and the Italian cities of Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo to host the 2026 Winter Olympics. , no city in the Southern Hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympic Games, which are held in February at the height of the Southern Hemisphere's summer. To date, twelve countries", "id": "15232317" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 1992 Winter Olympics\n\n\nShort track speed skating at the 1992 Winter Olympics was held from 18 February to 22 February. Four events were contested at La halle de glace Olympique, located next to the Théâtre des Cérémonies, a couple of kilometers west of downtown Albertville. This was the first time short track speed skating was contested at the Winter Olympics. South Korea led the medal table with three, including two golds. Kim Ki-hoon's gold medal in the men's 1000 metre was the first Winter gold medal for South Korea. Kim also", "id": "11953006" }, { "contents": "2022 Winter Olympics\n\n\n, and the last of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. With its previous hosting of the 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing will be the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics: there are plans to utilize many of the same venues that were used for the 2008 Games, including its indoor venues, and Beijing National Stadium (also known as the Bird's Nest) as ceremonies", "id": "8243321" }, { "contents": "South Korea\n\n\nmuseum in Seoul, South Korea, dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics. On July 6, 2011 Pyeongchang was chosen by the IOC to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country with a total of 45 medals (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). At the 2010 Winter Olympics, South Korea ranked fifth in the overall medal rankings. South Korea is especially strong in short track speed skating. However, speed skating and figure skating are", "id": "7248630" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metre relay\n\n\nThe Men’s 5000 metre relay in short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics took place on 13 and 22 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The race was won by Hungary, who upset perennial powerhouses Canada, South Korea and China to claim Hungary's first ever Winter Olympics gold medal. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. Two Olympic records were set during the competition. The semifinals were held on 13 February. The final was held on", "id": "19459664" }, { "contents": "2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games\n\n\nThe 11th Special Olympics World Winter Games was a Special Olympics, a multi-sports event that was held in Pyeongchang, South Korea from January 29 through February 5, 2013. Though officially allocated to Pyeongchang, events were also held in Gangneung Indoor Ice Rink. The three venues and events are: The 2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games programme featured 8 sports with encompassing many disciplines (in parentheses). The mascots are Ra, In and Bow. Canada won the overall medal table. They won 109 medals (44 Gold", "id": "18557222" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 1500 metres\n\n\nThe men's 1500 metres in short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 10 February 2014 at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The qualifying heats, semifinal, and the final were held on 10 February. The defending Olympic Champion was Lee Jung-su of South Korea, while the defending World Champion was Sin Da-woon also of South Korea. Countries were assigned quotas using a combination of the four special Olympic Qualification classifications that were held at two world cups in November 2013. A", "id": "18525861" }, { "contents": "Foreign relations of South Korea\n\n\nSouth Korea maintains diplomatic relations with 191 countries. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. South Korea has also hosted major international events such as the 1988 Summer Olympics and 2002 World Cup Soccer Tournament (2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosted with Japan) and the 2011 IAAF World Championships Daegu South Korea. Furthermore, South Korea had hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics which took place in Pyeongchang, South Korea from 9 to 25", "id": "7248888" }, { "contents": "2020 Summer Olympics\n\n\nto host the Olympic Games twice, and the fourth Olympics overall to be held in Japan, following the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. They will be the second of three consecutive Olympic Games to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and preceding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China. These Games will see the introduction of additional disciplines within several of the Summer Olympics sports, including 3x3 basketball, freestyle BMX and Madison cycling, as", "id": "1544337" }, { "contents": "Sport in South Korea\n\n\n2004 Olympics, and were likely to do so again in 2008, however they did not. (See Sports in North Korea.) South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country with a total of 45 medals (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). South Korea ranked second in the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics medal table with ten gold medals, only losing to the winner by taking fewer silver medals. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place in Pyeongchang between 9 and 25 February", "id": "3318941" }, { "contents": "Olympics on United States television\n\n\nmost expensive television rights deal in Olympic history. NBC paid $775 million for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, and $1.23 billion for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. NBC delayed the 2016 Opening Ceremony by an hour. Also NBC paid $963 million for the 2018 Winter Olympics, which were held in Pyeongchang, South Korea and $1.45 billion for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which will be held in Tokyo, Japan. NBC has announced that it will begin airing all of the", "id": "19789559" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 1000 metres\n\n\nThe men's 1000 metres in short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held between 13–15 February 2014 at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The qualifying heats were held on 13 February with the quarterfinal, the semifinal and the final were held on 15 February. The 2010 Olympic Champion was Lee Jung-Su of South Korea, who did not run. The defending World Champion was Sin Da-woon, also of South Korea. He did not win a medal. Viktor Ahn and Vladimir Grigorev,", "id": "18525853" }, { "contents": "Cassie Sharpe\n\n\nCassie Sharpe (born September 14, 1992) is a Canadian freestyle skier. Sharpe is the reigning Olympic champion in women's halfpipe after winning gold in Pyeongchang, South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics. She won a silver medal at the 2015 World Championships in halfpipe in Kreischberg and has won gold and bronze in superpipe at the Winter X Games in 2016 and 2018 respectively. She grew up in Comox, British Columbia on Vancouver Island and learned how to ski with her family, skiing for the first time with her brothers", "id": "1838880" }, { "contents": "Cross-country skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's 10 kilometre freestyle\n\n\nThe women's 10 kilometre freestyle cross-country skiing competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 15 February 2018 at 15:30 KST at the Alpensia Cross-Country Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Ragnhild Haga of Norway won the gold medal, finishing more than 20 seconds ahead of silver medalist Charlotte Kalla of Sweden. Two bronze medals were awarded after Norwegian Marit Bjørgen and Krista Pärmäkoski of Finland recorded identical times; it was Bjørgen's twelfth Winter Olympic medal leaving her one behind the all-time record of thirteen held by", "id": "16364130" }, { "contents": "2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony\n\n\ncompeting countries in alphabetical order based on their names in the Korean language, with the host country, South Korea, concluding the march. The delegations from both the host nation South Korea and North Korea (Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics) marched under the Korean unification flag. South Korean Won Yun-jong and North Korean Hwang Chung-gum both held the flagpole. Even though the temperature in the stadium during the ceremony was very cold, Bermuda's delegation wore shorts and Tongan Pita Taufatofua repeated his shirtless and oiled up", "id": "8618758" }, { "contents": "List of Olympic medalists in short track speed skating\n\n\nthe sport. South Korean short track speed skaters have won a combined 42 medals, including 21 golds, more than any other nation in both measures. South Korea is also the only country to have won at least one gold medal at every Olympics in which short-track speed skating has been held; Canada and China share with South Korea the honour of being the only nations to have athletes win a medal at every Olympics in the sport. As of the 2010 Winter Olympics, 144 medals (48 of each color)", "id": "1366735" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics\n\n\nSouth Korea has qualified two spots in the men's event for the first time in history on its fourth consecutive Olympics. South Korea has received the following start quotas: Based on the results from the fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, South Korea has earned the following start quotas: On 11 February 2014, Lee Sang-hwa won the gold medal for the women's 500m longtrack speedskating race, having previously won the one at the 2010 Games. She became the first woman since Catriona", "id": "2579621" }, { "contents": "All That Skate\n\n\nAll That Skate is a figure skating show produced by All That Sports (AT Sports), a sports agency based on Seoul, South Korea set up by 2010 Winter Olympic champion Kim Yuna and her mother Park Mi-hee. The All That Skate 2019 was held at the Olympic Park KSPO Dome in Seoul, South Korea on June 6~8. KIM Yelimbr The SK Telecom All That Skate 2018 was held at the Mokdong Ice Rink in Seoul, South Korea on May 20~22. Kaetlyn OSMONDbr The All That Skate 2016 was held", "id": "15937473" }, { "contents": "North Korea at the 2018 Winter Paralympics\n\n\nNorth Korea was one the competing teams in 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The Games were the first for North Korea for the Winter Paralympics. The country has two skiers, Kim Jong-hyon and Ma Yu-chol, racing in para-Nordic skiing. The International Paralympic Committee said North Korea was going to participate in the Winter Games for the first time. North Korea will participate under a Korean Unification Flag like their delegation for the 2018 Winter Olympics did, in the Women's Ice Hockey tournament.", "id": "22194113" }, { "contents": "North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nNorth Korea competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Two figure skaters, Ryom Tae-ok and Kim Ju-sik, qualified for the Games, but the Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) failed to enter them by the 30 October deadline. On 9 January 2018, North Korea agreed in negotiations with South Korea to send both athletes and a delegation to the Winter Olympics. The teams representing North Korea and South Korea entered the Opening Ceremony marching under the Korean", "id": "3139294" }, { "contents": "1952 Winter Olympics\n\n\nstart of the track. Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games. noinclude The official opening ceremonies were held on 15 February, although two smaller ceremonies were held on 14 February to conform with competition schedules. From 15 February until 25", "id": "13963876" }, { "contents": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\n\n\nThe men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow", "id": "18396722" }, { "contents": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament\n\n\nThe men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 14 and 25 February 2018. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the three others took part in a qualification tournament. After five consecutive Olympic tournaments in which the National Hockey League (the world's premier professional league) allowed its players to participate in the Olympics and", "id": "21858490" }, { "contents": "Sport in South Korea\n\n\n2018. Pyeongchang won on its third consecutive bid. After a series of large cities (Nagano to Sochi), for the first time since Lillehammer 1994 the Winter Olympics returned to a mountain resort. The 2002 FIFA World Cup was held in Korea and Japan with extreme success. More than 10 million Koreans came to the streets to support their team in the semifinals against Germany. The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup, held in South Korea and Japan from 31 May to 30 June.", "id": "3318942" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics\n\n\nWith Pyeongchang being the host city of the 2018 Winter Olympics, a Korean segment was performed at the closing ceremony. According to the quota allocation released on 27 January 2014, South Korea has qualified a total quota of five athletes in alpine skiing. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships South Korea qualified 1 man and 1 woman. According to the quota allocation released on 27 January 2014, South Korea has qualified a total quota of two athletes, each of them will compete only in classical events.", "id": "2579617" }, { "contents": "Winter Olympic Games\n\n\nOlympics beyond Europe and North America. While European powers such as Norway and Germany still dominate the traditional Winter Olympic sports, countries such as South Korea, Australia and Canada are finding success in the new sports. The results are: more parity in the national medal tables; more interest in the Winter Olympics; and higher global television ratings. Note 1. Figure skating events were held at the 1908 and 1920 Summer Olympics. Note 2. A men's ice hockey tournament was held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Note 3", "id": "15232395" }, { "contents": "Festa on Ice\n\n\nFesta on Ice is a figure skating show that IB Sports produced. 2010 Winter Olympic champion Kim Yuna is a former client of IB Sports, which is a sports agency based on Seoul, South Korea. The 2010 Festa on Ice was held at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena in Seoul, South Korea on April 16–18, 2010. 2010 FOI was directed by Brian Orser and choreographed by David Wilson. Kim Yuna The 2009 Festa on Ice was held at the KINTEX center in Goyang City, Gyeonggi Province, in South Korea on April", "id": "13700167" }, { "contents": "Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nA unified team of South Korea and North Korea competed under the title \"Korea\" at the 2018 Winter Olympics in ice hockey. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, the delegations from both the host nation South Korea and North Korea marched together in the opening ceremony under the Korean Unification Flag. In January 2018, it was announced that the South Korea women's national ice hockey team would be amalgamated with a group of North Korean players to form a single Korea women's national ice hockey team in the tournament. They competed under", "id": "20292153" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the Olympics\n\n\nThe Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1948, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1980 which they boycotted. South Korea has also participated in every Winter Olympic Games since 1948, except for the 1952 games. The first Korean athletes to win medals did so at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, when Sohn Kee-chung and Nam Sung-yong won gold and bronze respectively in the men's marathon. However,", "id": "8043648" }, { "contents": "Special Olympics\n\n\nWinter Games outside the United States in 1993. The most recent Special Olympics World Winter Games were held in Graz, Schladming and Ramsau, Austria from March 14, 2017 to March 25, 2017 (see also 2017 Special Olympics World Winter Games). During the World Winter Games of 2013 in Pyeongchang, South Korea the first Special Olympics Global Development Summit was held on \"Ending the Cycle of Poverty and Exclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities,\" gathering government officials, activists and business leaders from around the world. The next", "id": "20286099" }, { "contents": "2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\n, North Korea and South Korea formed a unified Korean women's ice hockey team.br The IOC has allowed NBC to influence the Olympic event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible, due to the substantial fees paid by NBC for rights to the Olympics (which have been extended through 2032 with a nearly $8 billion agreement). As figure skating is one of the most popular Winter Olympic sports among U.S. viewers, the figure skating events were scheduled with morning start times to accommodate primetime broadcasts in the Americas. This scheduling practice", "id": "7440165" }, { "contents": "2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony\n\n\nThe opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea on 9 February 2018. It began at 20:00 KST and finished at approximately 22:20 KST. The Games were officially opened by President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae-in. The site of the opening ceremony, Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium, was built specifically for the Games. The pentagonal stadium seated 35,000. The organizers for the event said the shape was chosen because it is a combination of different shapes, a circle,", "id": "8618754" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the 2010 Winter Olympics\n\n\nSouth Korea participated as the \"Republic of Korea\" at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This was their best performance at the Winter Olympics to date, ranking 5th in gold medals and 7th in overall medals. Korea won its first ever medal in figure skating when Kim Yuna won gold and set a world record in the ladies' event. South Korea qualified 2 entrants in ladies singles, for a total of 2 athletes. Kim Yuna's gold medal at the ladies' event is the South", "id": "7371631" }, { "contents": "1999 Asian Winter Games\n\n\nThe 4th Asian Winter Games were held from January 30 to February 6, 1999, in the province of Kangwon (Gangwon), South Korea. The games were staged in three different clusters in the province which were Yongpyong, Kangnung (Gangneung) and Chunchon (Chuncheon). The name Yongpyong was derived from the Yongpyong Resort. On December 2, 1993, the Olympic Council of Asia announced that South Korea would host the 4th Asian Winter Games in 1999. South Korea initially aimed to host the previous 3rd games but hosted", "id": "12277992" }, { "contents": "Sport in South Korea\n\n\nthe country in 1982 by a Japanese university team who competed in an exhibition event, and the South Korean national team was established three years later, in time for the 1986 Asian Winter Games. By the first half of the 1990s they had become a major power in the sport, with Kim Ki-hoon becoming the country's first Winter Olympic gold medallist at the 1992 Winter Games in the men's 1000 metres, and the team winning five golds and a silver at the 1994 Winter Olympics. South Korea women's national", "id": "3318930" }, { "contents": "Politics of North Korea\n\n\nperceived external threats. Recently, North Korean efforts to improve relations with South Korea to increase trade and to receive development assistance have been mildly successful. North Korea has tried to improve its relations with South Korea by participating in the Pyeongchang Olympics (North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics), when Kim Jong-un sent his band and a few officials to visit South Korea. But North Korea's determination to develop nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles has prevented stable relations with both South Korea and the United States. North Korea has", "id": "1439545" }, { "contents": "Korea women's national ice hockey team\n\n\nThe Korea women's national ice hockey team is a representative side which is composed of players from both South Korea and North Korea. The team competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics, competing as \"Korea\" under the IOC country code \"COR\". In 2014, it was confirmed that South Korea women's national ice hockey team had qualified to participate at the 2018 Winter Olympics as part of the host country. Their participation at the 2018 Winter Olympics had been their second appearance following their debut in the 1998 Olympics in Nagano", "id": "20532300" }, { "contents": "Special Olympics World Games\n\n\nofficially changed from International Special Olympics Summer/Winter Games to Special Olympics World Summer/Winter Games. In 2011, Special Olympics World Summer Games were held on June 25 – July 4 in Athens, Greece, involving 6,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities from 170 countries. In 2013, the Special Olympics World Winter Games were held in PyeongChang, South Korea from Jan. 29 – Feb. 5.The Host Town program, in which families host Special Olympics athletes from around the world t 13. In 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games . These games", "id": "9176907" }, { "contents": "Pyeongchang County\n\n\nSamyang food, the first company to introduce ramyeon instant noodles into a poverty-ridden South Korea in the 1960s. It is the filming location of the drama \"Autumn in My Heart\" and the movie \"Lover’s Concerto\". Pyeongchang hosted the 1999 Asian Winter Games and 2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games. The 2018 Winter Olympics were held in Pyeongchang. The 2009 IBU Biathlon World Championships were also held there. The Asian Winter Games was held in 1999 in Gangwon Province including Pyeongchang. Originally, it hoped to host", "id": "13370506" }, { "contents": "Biathlon at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's pursuit\n\n\nThe women's 10 km pursuit biathlon competition of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympics was held on 12 February 2018 at the Alpensia Cross-Country Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The field consisted of the top 60 finishers in the sprint event, held two days earlier, with competitors' starting times dependent on their final time in the sprint event. Laura Dahlmeier, who was the champion in the sprint, won a second title, becoming the first female biathlete to win an Olympic sprint-pursuit double. Anastasiya Kuzmina finished second,", "id": "17820062" }, { "contents": "2016–17 Japan Figure Skating Championships\n\n\nfor the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The 2017 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships will be held on 14-19 February 2017, at Gangneung, South Korea. Commonly referred to as \"Junior Worlds\", the Junior World Figure Skating Championships will take place at Taipei City, on 14-19 March 2017. The Asian Winter Games was held in Sapporo and Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, on 19-26 February 2017. Within the Winter Games period, Figure Skating events will take place on 23", "id": "4153893" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the Olympics\n\n\nmore medals in this winter sport than any other nation since it was introduced to the Olympic program in 1992. The National Olympic Committee for Korea is the Korean Olympic Committee, and was founded in 1946 and recognized in 1947. During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, South Korea and North Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000 and 2004 Olympics; but competed separately. The Republic of Korea has hosted the Games on two occasions: On 11 February 2014, Lee Sang-hwa won the", "id": "8043650" }, { "contents": "North Korea–South Korea relations\n\n\nheld direct elections. Both nations claim the entire Korean peninsula. Both nations joined the United Nations in 1991 and are recognized by most member states. Since the 1970s, both nations started informal diplomatic dialogues in order to ease military tensions. In 2000, President of South Korea Kim Dae-jung became the first president to visit North Korea, 55 years after the peninsula was divided. In 2018, beginning with North Korea's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics, the relationship has seen a major diplomatic breakthrough and become significantly warmer", "id": "11625649" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics\n\n\nSouth Korea competed at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. South Korea qualified 2 athletes. South Korea qualified 2 athletes. South Korea qualified 2 athletes. South Korea qualified 2 athletes. South Korea qualified 1 team. South Korea qualified 1 athlete. South Korea qualified 1 athlete. South Korea qualified 2 athletes. South Korea qualified 4 athletes. South Korea qualified 1 athlete. South Korea qualified 2 athletes. While formally listed on the team Jeong Hae-rim was not listed to compete in any events. South", "id": "14363309" }, { "contents": "Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\n\n\nThe men's luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 10 and 11 February 2018 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The event was won by David Gleirscher, who became the first Austrian to win men's luge since 1968. Chris Mazdzer won the silver medal, whereas Johannes Ludwig won the bronze. For all of them, this was the first Olympic medal, and the Mazdzer's medal is the first ever medal for the United States in men's luge. This is the first time since", "id": "19287441" }, { "contents": "North Korea at the Olympics\n\n\n, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea. North Korea's attendance at the Winter Games has been sporadic; eight of the last thirteen Games have included a North Korean team. During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, North Korea and South Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000 and 2004 Olympics, but competed separately. In 2010", "id": "19231525" }, { "contents": "2018 Winter Olympics medal table\n\n\nThe 2018 Winter Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees ranked by the number of medals won during the 2018 Winter Olympics, held in Pyeongchang County (stylized as PyeongChang for the games), South Korea, from 9–25 February 2018. The games featured 102 events in 15 sports, making it the first Winter Olympics to surpass 100 medal events. Four new disciplines in existing sports were introduced to the Winter Olympic programme in PyeongChang, including big air snowboarding, mixed doubles curling, mass start speed skating, and mixed", "id": "8618769" }, { "contents": "Dog meat consumption in South Korea\n\n\n, the issue was finally debated in the House of Commons Chamber. A second debate on South Korea’s dog meat trade in the UK Parliament was held on September 12, 2016, by the Petitions Committee, following an online petition which was started on petition.parliament.uk. Change.org has over 450,000 signatures on a petition to boycott the 2018 Winter Olympics. Numerous activist groups have documented cases in South Korea and China of dogs being beaten, burned, electrocuted, and boiled alive. Some Koreans and Chinese believe in a myth that the more", "id": "13228008" }, { "contents": "Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's slopestyle\n\n\nThe women's slopestyle competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 12 February 2018 at the Bogwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Due to high winds, the qualification round originally scheduled for 11 February 2018 was cancelled. All athletes competed in a two-run final round instead of the typical two-run qualification round and three-run final round. Due to high winds on the final day, the event was delayed for more than an hour. The strong headwinds continued into the final, causing many falls", "id": "18397650" }, { "contents": "Gangwon Province, South Korea\n\n\nin these games. In Pyoengchang, Gangwon Province, the 2018 Winter Olympics is being held from 9 to 25 February 2018 and the 2018 Winter Paralympics will be held from 9 to 18 March 2018. Almost all of the events will be held in Pyeongchang County. Alpine skiing events will be held in Jeongseon County, while some of indoor events will be held in Gangneung. The main cities of the province are Chuncheon (the provincial capital), Gangneung, Sokcho, Wonju, and Donghae. Currently Gangwon Province, has 7", "id": "12697168" }, { "contents": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\n\n\nThe ladies' single skating competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The short program was held on February 23, 2010 and the free skating was held on February 25, 2010. Yuna Kim from South Korea won the gold medal setting three world best scores. Mao Asada from Japan became the first lady to accomplish one triple axel during the short program and two during the free program at the Olympics. The ladies' short program was held on February 23,", "id": "11857395" }, { "contents": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament\n\n\nThe women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 10 and 22 February 2018. Eight countries qualified for the tournament; five of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the two others took part in a qualification tournament. Under a special agreement with the IOC and the IIHF, twelve North Korean players joined the host team to form a united team. They were allowed", "id": "14343565" }, { "contents": "History of North Korea\n\n\nheld in Pyongyang, the first party congress since 1980. In 2017, North Korea tested the Hwasong-15, an intercontinental ballistic missile capable of striking anywhere in the United States of America. Estimates of North Korea's nuclear arsenal at that time ranged between 15 and 60 bombs, probably including hydrogen bombs. In February 2018, North Korea sent an unprecedented high-level delegation to the Winter Olympics in South Korea, headed by Kim Yo-jong, sister of Kim Jong-un, and President Kim Yong-nam, which", "id": "1439483" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres\n\n\nThe women's 1500 metres in short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 15 February 2014 at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The qualifying heats, semifinal and the final were held on 15 February. The defending Olympic Champion is Zhou Yang of China, while the defending World Champion is Park Seung-hi of South Korea. Countries were assigned quotas using a combination of the four special Olympic Qualification classifications that were held at two world cups in November 2013. A nation may enter a maximum", "id": "18526167" }, { "contents": "2018 South Korean Figure Skating Championships\n\n\n, 2018 World Championships and 2018 Winter Olympics. Cha Jun-hwan and You Young both won their second senior national titles. The 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships will be held on 22-28 January 2018, in Taipei City, Chinese Taipei. Based on the results of the 2017 KSU President Cup Ranking Competition from December 1–3, 2017. The 2018 Winter Olympics will be held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, February 9-25, 2018. The 2018 World Junior Figure Skating Championships will be held in Sofia, Bulgaria", "id": "16362586" }, { "contents": "Sunghwa Kim\n\n\nSunghwa Kim is a South Korean contemporary dancer and choreographer. He has worked as an instructor at Daejeon University and Sang Myung University in South Korea, and as a personal choreographer for the South Korean Olympic Figure Skating Team at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang County, South Korea. Kim is a graduate of Hanyang University in Seoul. Kim has worked as a choreographer for numerous different dance companies in South Korea, including Universal Ballet. Kim has also worked as a personal dance trainer for South Korean actress Kim Ji-ho.", "id": "20305298" }, { "contents": "North Korea at the 2002 Asian Games\n\n\nDue to the legacy of bitterness in between the relationships of North Korea and its two neighboring countries, South Korea and Japan, North Korea did not participate in the 1986 and 1994 Asian Games hosted by South Korea and Japan, respectively. This was the first time in the history that North Korea competed in an international sporting event hosted by South Korea. North Korea also boycotted the 1988 Summer Olympics held in the national capital of South Korea, Seoul. National Olympic Committee of North Korea, Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's", "id": "2937824" }, { "contents": "Biathlon at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's pursuit\n\n\nThe men's 12.5 km pursuit competition of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympics was held on 12 February 2018 at the Alpensia Cross-Country Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The field was the same as for the sprint event, held on the previous day, with competitors starting time dependent on their final time in the sprint event. The sprint champion, Arnd Peiffer, started on the first place. The starting intervals were very short, with number 10 starting merely half a minute behind Peiffer. In the victory ceremony the day after", "id": "17917271" }, { "contents": "North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\napparent softening of relations between the two countries was marred by North Korea dispatching general Kim Yong-chol to head the North Korean delegation present at the closing ceremony. The arrival of Kim, held responsible by South Korea for the deaths of dozens of South Korean navy personnel, was met with hostility but the government did not oppose his presence at the Olympics. The general ended up being seated in the same stand as the daughter of the president of the USA, Ivanka Trump. In January 2018, it was announced that the", "id": "3139307" }, { "contents": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Two-woman\n\n\nThe two-man women's bobsleigh competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 20 and 21 February at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The top two countries in the 2017–18 Bobsleigh season (including the World Cup, Europe races and Americas Cup) were awarded the maximum three sleds. The next four countries were awarded two sleds each. The remaining six sleds were awarded to six different countries, with Australia being awarded an Oceania continental quota, Nigeria being awarded with the African quota and South Korea being", "id": "18333251" }, { "contents": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Four-man\n\n\nThe four-man bobsleigh competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 24 and 25 February at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The top three countries in the 2017–18 Bobsleigh season (including the World Cup, Europe races and Americas Cup) were awarded the maximum three sleds. The next six countries were awarded two sleds each. The remaining nine sleds were awarded to nine different countries, with Australia being awarded an Oceania continental quota and South Korea being awarded a slot as host nation. The first two", "id": "18396611" }, { "contents": "Concerns and controversies at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nMoon Jae-in. This marked the first time since the Korean War that a member of the ruling Kim dynasty had visited South Korea. To accommodate primetime broadcasts in the Americas, figure skating events were scheduled with morning start times; figure skating is one of the most popular Winter Olympic sports among U.S. viewers (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible; NBC agreed to a $7.75 billion", "id": "13060069" }, { "contents": "Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's halfpipe\n\n\nThe men's halfpipe competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held from 13 to 14 February 2018 at the Bogwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The event was won by Shaun White, who previously won this event in 2006 and 2010. Ayumu Hirano, the 2014 silver medalist, took silver. Scott James became the bronze medalist. For James, this is the first Olympic medal, and this was also the second medal for Australia at the 2018 Winter Olympics. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by", "id": "18397635" }, { "contents": "123rd IOC Session\n\n\nThe 123rd International Olympic Committee Session (or the 2011 International Olympic Committee Session, the 123rd IOC Session or the 2011 IOC Session) was held in July 2011 at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre in Durban, South Africa. At the session, Pyeongchang, South Korea was announced as the host city of the 2018 Olympic Winter Games and Paralympic Winter Games. The International Olympic Committee officially announced Durban as the host city of the 123rd IOC Session at the 120th IOC Session in Beijing, People's Republic of China on 7", "id": "5904391" }, { "contents": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\n\n\nThe ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best scores were set during this competition: The Olympic Athletes from Russia set two subsequent world records in the short program on February 21, with Evgenia Medvedeva scoring 81.61 and then Alina Zagitova", "id": "18551123" }, { "contents": "Korean Unification Flag\n\n\n, Australia; the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea; the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu, South Korea; the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy; the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar; and the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea. However, the two countries competed separately in sporting events. The flag was not used in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Not only was a unified team shelved, but the Beijing Organizing Committee", "id": "21191600" }, { "contents": "Salzburg bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics\n\n\nSalzburg 2014 was an unsuccessful bid by the Austrian Olympic Committee to host the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics in Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg was one of seven applicants for the games, and one of three to be short-listed, along with Sochi, Russia, and Pyeongchang, South Korea. It was the second consecutive time Salzburg bid for the Winter Olympics, after the close call with the 2010 bid, and the four consecutive time Austria bid, having bid with Graz in 2002 and Klagenfurt in 2006. The", "id": "18225578" }, { "contents": "Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's singles\n\n\nThe women's luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 12 and 13 February 2018 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The defending champion was Natalie Geisenberger; the field also included the 2014 silver medalist and the 2010 champion Tatjana Hüfner and the bronze medalist Erin Hamlin. Geizenberger posted the fastest times in two runs out of four, her competitors were less consistent, and she had no difficulties replicated her 2014 success, becoming the third luger ever won three gold Olympic medals (after her compatriots Georg Hackl", "id": "19287716" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 1994 Winter Olympics\n\n\nShort track speed skating at the 1994 Winter Olympics was held from 22 February to 26 February. Six events were contested at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre. In short track speed skating's second Olympic appearance, two events were added, the 500 metres for the men and the 1000 metres for the women. South Korea led the medal table with six, including four golds. The medal for the Australian men's relay team was the country's first in the Winter Olympics. Chun Lee-kyung led the individual medal table, with", "id": "6287027" }, { "contents": "North Korea at the Olympics\n\n\na team competed at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver. North Korea sent 22 athletes to compete in five sports at the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in South Korea in February 2018. As in 2000 and 2004, North and South Korean athletes marched together at the opening ceremonies. A unified women's ice hockey team included players from both North and South Korea. North Korean athletes also competed in alpine skiing, figure skating, short track speed skating and cross-country skiing. Alongside the 22 athletes, North Korea sent a delegation of 400", "id": "19231526" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics\n\n\nmedals awarded since 1992. South Korea leads the medal tally (and gold medal tally), with 42 medals including 21 golds since 1992. The majority of medals that South Korea won at the Winter Olympics came from short-track speed skating. Similarly, most of the China's Winter Olympics medals are from the sport. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Haralds Silovs of Latvia became the first athlete in Olympic history to participate in both short track (1500m) and long track (5000m) speed skating, and", "id": "4611924" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics\n\n\nSouth Korea competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consisted of 71 athletes and 49 officials. This marks an increase of 25 athletes from four years prior. Originally 64 athletes were named to the team but reallocations brought the final team size to 71 athletes. South Korea left Sochi with a total of 8 medals (3 gold, 3 silver, and 2 bronze), its lowest total at the Winter Olympics since 2002; female athletes won seven of these medals.", "id": "2579616" }, { "contents": "South Korea\n\n\nrocket earlier in the month unanimously condemned by the United Nations security council. The 2017 election of President Moon Jae-in has seen a change in approach towards the North, and both sides used the South Korean held 2018 Winter Olympics as an opportunity for engagement, with a very senior North Korean political delegation sent to the games, along with a reciprocal visit by senior South Korean cabinet members to the North soon afterwards. Historically, Korea had close relations with the dynasties in China, and some Korean kingdoms were members of the", "id": "7248549" }, { "contents": "Pyeongchang County\n\n\ndoes not confuse it with Pyongyang, the capital of neighboring North Korea. Two main facilities for the 2018 Winter Olympics were the PyeongChang Olympic Plaza (where the opening / closing ceremonies and victory ceremonies were held) and the Gangneung Olympic Park (where the men's and women's short track, speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey, curling events were held). The 2018 Winter Paralympics was held in the same venues starting March 9, 2018. In preparation for the 2018 Olympics, the region has built facilities including", "id": "13370509" }, { "contents": "J. R. Celski\n\n\nwith Jordan Malone, Travis Jayner, and Simon Cho in the 5000 m relay to finish second behind South Korea with a time of 6:46.205. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, J.R. competed and placed 4th in the Men's 1500m, 6th in the 500m, and 13th in the 1000m. J.R. earned a Silver medal in the Short Track Men's 5000m Relay. At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, J.R. competed in the 1500m, 1000m, and the Men's", "id": "20200796" }, { "contents": "Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nFreestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Bokwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The events were scheduled to take place between 9 and 23 February 2018. A total of ten freestyle skiing events were held. A maximum of 282 quota spots were available to athletes at the games. A maximum of 30 athletes could be entered by a National Olympic Committee, with a maximum of 16 men or 16 women. Each event had a specific quota amount allocated to it. The following was the competition schedule for", "id": "12345758" }, { "contents": "South Korea\n\n\nAlthough it was again returned to Korea along with the rest of its territory in 1951 with the signing of the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan does not recant on its claims that the Liancourt Rocks are Japanese territory. In response to then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, former President Roh Moo-hyun suspended all summit talks between South Korea and Japan in 2009. A summit between the nations' leaders was eventually held on February 9, 2018 during the Korean held Winter Olympics. The European Union", "id": "7248557" }, { "contents": "South Korea at the 2012 Summer Olympics\n\n\nhas qualified 1 boat for each of the following events South Korea has ensured berths in the following events of shooting: Korean swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)): South Korea has qualified 2 quota places in synchronized swimming. South Korea has qualified three men and three women. South Korea has ensured berths in the following events of taekwondo by", "id": "5146247" }, { "contents": "Johannes Ludwig\n\n\nLuge Championships in Igls, Austria. His best Luge World Cup overall finish was 11th twice (2006-7, 2007-8). Ludwig failed to qualify for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, Ludwig won the bronze medal in the men's singles luge. Ludwig's teammate Felix Loch was the defending champion and favourite to win. He was in the lead until his final run, when he made a mistake", "id": "12433414" }, { "contents": "Sochi bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics\n\n\nSochi 2014 was a successful bid by the Russian Olympic Committee to host the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. Sochi was one of seven applicants for the games, and one of three to be short-listed, along with Pyeongchang, South Korea, and Salzburg, Austria. Sochi is a resort city located on the Black Sea. The bid involved the city itself hosting ice events, while ski events were to be held at the ski resort in Krasnaya Polyana. The bid's advantages include ample", "id": "18225465" }, { "contents": "Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nThree cities applied with bids to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics (also known as \"XXIII Olympic Winter Games\" and \"XII Paralympic Winter Games\") in October 2009. The International Olympic Committee, under the leadership of Jacques Rogge, received three bids on October 15, 2009. The cities of Annecy, France, in the French Alps, Munich, Germany (host of the 1972 Summer Olympics), and Pyeongchang, South Korea, a two-time previous bidder, competed for the hosting rights to the", "id": "3882486" }, { "contents": "Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nSnowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Bokwang Phoenix Park in Pyeongchang, South Korea. A total of ten snowboarding events were scheduled to take place between 10 and 24 February 2018. The parallel slalom event, which made its debut four years earlier at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, was dropped from the games in 2018 in favour of a new big air event. A total of 258 quota spots were available to athletes to compete at the games (142 men and 116 women). Each National Olympic Committee", "id": "12345767" }, { "contents": "Sunghwa Kim\n\n\nHe has also held dance instruction positions at Daejeon University and Sang Myung University. From 2011 to 2016, Kim worked as a personal choreographer for athletes participating in the South Korean Figure Skating Championships. In 2018, he worked as a personal coach for members of South Korean Olympic Figure Skating Team at the 2018 Winter Olympics. In 2008, Kim successfully auditioned for the cast of Cirque du Soleil at an audition in Vienna, Austria. In 2008, Kim founded N.E.X.T Communication, a Physical theatre inspired dance company, in South Korea", "id": "20305299" }, { "contents": "Transport in North Korea\n\n\n-surface runways. It was reported that North Korean air traffic controllers had been cut off from the international global satellite communications network in 2017 because North Korea had not made the required payments. Traffic controllers at Pyongyang Sunan International Airport had to use conventional telephone lines to inform their counterparts at Incheon International airport that the flight containing North Korean delegates to the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in South Korea had taken off. Road vehicles in North Korea bear distance stars. These are paint markings which display how far the particular vehicle has traveled without", "id": "1588895" }, { "contents": "Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 1500 metres\n\n\nThe men's 1500 metres in short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics took place at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Irena Szewińska, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Myong-Hi Chang, ISU honorary member. South Korea has historically performed well in short-track speed skating, with 42 of their 53 medals coming from the event. There were 12,000 spectators for the event. Prior to this competition, the existing world and", "id": "19459662" }, { "contents": "Chloe Kim\n\n\nparents emigrated from South Korea. In 1982, her father arrived in the United States with just $800 cash. Kim has extended family living in South Korea, where she competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics. Her relatives, including her grandmother, watched her compete for the first time at the Olympics. She is trilingual, fluent in Korean, French, and English. Kim was admitted to Princeton University's Class of 2022. After deferring the offer of admission until the Class of 2023, she stated she wants to study", "id": "3301480" }, { "contents": "Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics\n\n\nLuge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. A total of four luge events were held, between 10 and 15 February 2018. A maximum of 110 athletes were allowed to compete at the Games. Countries were assigned quotas using the world rankings of results from 1 November 2017 to 31 December 2017. The following was the competition schedule for all four events. A total of 110 athletes from 24 nations (including the IOC's designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia) were scheduled", "id": "12345759" }, { "contents": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pair skating\n\n\nThe pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program to take the gold by 0.43 points. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan", "id": "18650067" }, { "contents": "Soohorang and Bandabi\n\n\nSoohorang () is the official mascot of the 2018 Winter Olympics, and Bandabi () is the official mascot of the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Both events were held in Pyeongchang, Gangwon, South Korea. Soohorang is a white tiger and Bandabi is an Asiatic black bear. The mascots were selected through a national tender process held in 2014 and were approved of by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on June 2, 2016. On June 27, 2014, the Pyeongchang Organizing Committee notified the public of their mascot selection contest", "id": "8422600" }, { "contents": "Chloe Kim\n\n\nwin a gold medal in snowboarding at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, and earned the highest snowboarding score in Youth Olympic Games history at the time. She was selected as Team USA's flag bearer for the Opening Ceremony of the 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games, becoming the first snowboarder chosen to serve as flag bearer for Team USA at either the Olympic Winter Games or Youth Olympic Games. Kim was nominated for the 2016 ESPYS award for Best Breakthrough Athlete. At Kim’s first Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, she won", "id": "3301476" }, { "contents": "2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony\n\n\nthe 2018 Winter Olympics. The flag was waved four times before it was taken from the stadium. It was raised again in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 2016 during the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang provided an eight-minute segment to introduce Koreans to the world. The national anthem of the Republic of Korea was sung by two South Korean children. The segment featured an elderly South Korean man playing a gayageum, a traditional Korean string instrument, with people dressed as swallows,", "id": "16973976" }, { "contents": "Paektu Mountain\n\n\nAsian Winter Games, which were held in Changchun, China, a group of South Korean athletes held up signs during the award ceremony which stated \"Mount Paektu is our territory\". Chinese sports officials delivered a letter of protest on the grounds that political activities violated the spirit of the Olympics and were banned in the charter of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia. The head of the Korea Olympic Committee responded by claiming that the incident was accidental and held no political meaning. The 2007 official National Atlas of", "id": "13704717" }, { "contents": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Two-man\n\n\nThe two-man bobsleigh competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 18 and 19 February at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. Justin Kripps and Alexander Kopacz of Canada and Francesco Friedrich and Thorsten Margis of Germany shared gold after the two teams recorded exactly the same time after four runs. Oskars Melbārdis and Jānis Strenga of Latvia won the bronze medal. The top three countries in the 2017–18 Bobsleigh season (including the World Cup, Europe races and Americas Cup) were awarded the maximum three sleds. The", "id": "18146220" }, { "contents": "Asa Miller\n\n\n, South Korea, by accumulating sufficient points set by the International Ski Federation. For his qualification he participated in races within the United States as well as in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden. He is coached by AJ Kitt, who has represented the United States in four Winter Olympics, as well as by Erik Gilbert and Brad Saxe. For his Olympic qualification and journey, his family held a fundraising campaign through GoFundMe, while the Philippine Olympic Committee funded his Olympic participation expenses. Miller is one of only", "id": "22103160" }, { "contents": "Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres\n\n\nThe men's 10,000 metres speed skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 15 February 2018 at Gangneung Oval in Gangneung, South Korea. The event was won by Ted-Jan Bloemen, the world record holder at this distance. Defending champion Jorrit Bergsma was second, and Nicola Tumolero won the bronze medal. During the competition, first Bergsma and then Bloemen set Olympic records. This was the first skating event at the 2018 Olympics not won by a Dutch skater. For Tumolero, this was his first Olympic medal", "id": "19702174" } ]

[ { "contents": "Equipment losses in World War II\n\n\nEquipment losses in World War II or Matériel losses in World War II refers to military equipment destroyed during World War II, the deadliest and most costly war in the history of the world. On the Western Front in 1944–1945, 4,477 British Commonwealth tanks were destroyed, including 2,712 M4 Sherman tanks, 656 Churchill tanks, 609 Cromwell tanks, 433 M3 Stuart light tanks, 39 Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger tanks, 26 Comet tanks, 2 M24 Chaffee light tanks. From June 6, 1944 through May 15, 1945 for US tank", "id": "22137796" }, { "contents": "Operation Jacana\n\n\nheavy munitions and military equipment, including mortars, 2 Russian-made tanks were also found outside the cave. On 10 May, British troops destroyed \"a vast arsenal of weaponry\" (more than 20 truckloads of ammunition and weapons were destroyed in the biggest controlled explosion British forces have carried out since World War II) and al Qaeda or Taliban infrastructure by blowing up an enormous cache of weapons stored in a cave complex. The operation lasted 2 weeks (other sources say 16 days) and ended on 13 May 2002,", "id": "16252830" }, { "contents": "Tanks of the Polish Armoured Forces\n\n\n60,000 troops, came with tanks supplied by the Western allies and partially staffed with experienced French officers. The unit was based on equipment and part of personnel of former French 505th Tank Regiment, and was equipped with the most modern tanks of the time, the Renault FT. After the war the 1st Tank Regiment, along with Gen. Haller's Army, returned to Poland, with all equipment. Thanks to this, Poland became the fourth biggest armoured power in the world at that time. They also participated in the Polish-", "id": "18950887" }, { "contents": "Klaus Kinkel\n\n\nfinal hurdle for what was then Germany's biggest deployment of ground forces abroad since World War II. Also under Kinkel’s leadership, Germany began destroying stockpiles of tanks and other heavy weapons in the early 1990s, becoming the first country to implement the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. In 1995, China dismissed a personal appeal from Kinkel to release Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng and expelled journalist Henrik Bork, a reporter for the newspaper \"Frankfurter Rundschau\". One year later, China abruptly canceled a planned visit to Beijing by", "id": "8877309" }, { "contents": "The Tank Museum\n\n\nand 1918. This hall now explores the rise of the tank and the role of the cavalry on the Western Front. This hall displays the biggest section, with tanks from most nations involved in the conflict. This hall contains the Battlegroup Afghanistan exhibition. The men of the Royal Armoured Corps who have been involved in some of the fiercest fighting since World War Two. This hall explores the design & technology that goes into making tanks and AFVs. There is a mock production line of Centurions, as well as prototype and experimental", "id": "12549233" }, { "contents": "Poland national football team\n\n\ngoals, which to date is one of the most impressive individual performances in the history of the World Cup. Poland played what would be their last international match before the outbreak of World War II against Hungary, the runners-up in the 1938 World Cup. The match stands out as an achievement as Poland defeated the strongly favored Hungarian side 4–2. On 11 June 1946, following the aftermath of World War II, Poland played their first international friendly match, against Norway in Oslo, a 3–1 defeat. The biggest success", "id": "3415327" }, { "contents": "World War I conscription in Australia\n\n\nwas that there were 1,087,557 votes in favour and 1,160,033 in opposition. The failed referendum led to Prime Minister Billy Hughes losing his seat in the Australian Labor Party. Daniel Patrick Mannix (4 March 1864 – 2 November 1963), Irish-born Australian Catholic archbishop, was one of Australia's biggest influences in the 20th century. He was extremely passionate about what he thought. During World War I he stated that it was all \"just an ordinary trade war\", for this he was denounced and even categorised as a", "id": "10013043" }, { "contents": "Conqueror (tank)\n\n\n, such as the TPKU-2 and TKN-3, on all of their post–World War II tanks, though theirs did not use a rangefinder.) The variants of the Conqueror tank and developments directly related to its development are: In the United Kingdom, Conqueror tanks are displayed at The Tank Museum, Bovington, and the Land Warfare Hall of the Imperial War Museum Duxford. Other tanks are in the collections of the Musée des Blindés in France, the Gunfire museum in Brasschaat (a Mark 2) and the Kubinka Tank Museum", "id": "7787610" }, { "contents": "Russian culture\n\n\nWar II era Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 was introduced as the first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, and Ilyushin Il-2 bomber became the most produced military aircraft in history. Polikarpov Po-2 \"Kukuruznik\" is the world's most produced biplane, and Mil Mi-8 is the most produced helicopter. Famous Russian battle tanks include T-34, the best tank design of World War II, and further tanks of T-series, including T-54/55, the most produced tank in history, first fully gas turbine tank T-80 and the most modern Russian tank T-90", "id": "20535971" }, { "contents": "Battle of Coral–Balmoral\n\n\nforce. Departing at 06:00 on the morning of the 26 May, at 12:27 the lead Australian infantry platoon was hit by small arms fire and RPGs from Coral, after having paused to direct an air strike by Canberra bombers from No. 2 Squadron RAAF onto a nearby bunker system. In what would become the first Australian combined infantry and tank assault since the Bougainville campaign against the Japanese in the Second World War, the tanks were called forward and attacked the bunkers with anti-tank solid shot and machine-guns, while", "id": "15254137" }, { "contents": "Ordnance QF 2-pounder\n\n\nThe Ordnance QF 2-pounder (QF denoting \"quick firing\"), or simply \"2 pounder gun\", was a British anti-tank and vehicle-mounted gun, employed in the Second World War. It was used in the Battle of France, and during the North African Campaign. In its vehicle-mounted variant, the 2-pounder was also a common main gun on British tanks early in World War II, and was a typical main armament of armoured cars, such as the Daimler, throughout the war. As", "id": "2985319" }, { "contents": "Melissa Carbone\n\n\nher company in Season 5 (2013) of Shark Tank. She landed what was the biggest investment in the history of the show when billionaire Mark Cuban paid $2 million for a 20% stake in her company. the Young Entrepreneur Council called her pitch one of their \"7 Favorite Shark Tank\" pitches in the history of the show. Carbone is one of the few female business owners in the horror entertainment industry, with a team that is almost entirely female. In addition to being featured in publications such as Forbes", "id": "1720788" }, { "contents": "Anti-tank warfare\n\n\nnumber of conflicts past World War 2 around the world, such as the Six-Day War and the South African Border War. Soviet anti-tank guns in particular were exported to at least eighteen other countries after being retired from service and have continued to see action. Rather than developing specialized anti-tank artillery, some nations, including South Africa and Israel, grafted obsolete tank guns onto towed carriages for use in that role. Owing to greater sophistication of the tank, and engineering support available to tank units to detect", "id": "9070784" }, { "contents": "Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux\n\n\nThe Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (also Actions of Villers-Bretonneux, after the First Battles of the Somme, 1918) took place from 24 to 27 April 1918, during the German Spring Offensive to the east of Amiens. It is notable for being the first occasion on which tanks fought against each other; it was the biggest and most successful tank action of the German army in the First World War. Three German A7Vs engaged three British Mark IV tanks, two of which were female tanks armed only with machine", "id": "12428881" }, { "contents": "Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive\n\n\nby Axis forces. It was one of the biggest offensives of World War 2, stretching on over 1,000 km (620 mi) front and involving almost 3,500,000 troops from both sides. In the course of the operation, 20 Wehrmacht divisions were either destroyed, disbanded or required major rebuilding, while another 60 divisions were reduced to 50% of their establishment strength. Equally huge were equipment losses, with hundreds of precious tanks, assault guns and trucks being lost, principally through their abandonment in the spring mud. According to German", "id": "11210088" }, { "contents": "Japanese tanks of World War II\n\n\n1 in 1941, 24 in 1942 and 79 in 1943. One prototype variant was the Type 98 Ta-Se, an anti-aircraft tank that mounted a 20 mm AA gun. Another variant known as the Type 2 Ke-To light tank, began production in 1944. It mounted an improved Type 1 37 mm gun in an enlarged turret, which gave the tank \"slightly better performance\". However, only 34 tanks were completed by the end of the war. No Type 2 Ke-To light tanks", "id": "7264571" }, { "contents": "Tank\n\n\nwith the increasingly sophisticated tanks, in turn violating the principle of combined arms they had pioneered. Soviet developments following the invasion included upgunning the T-34, development of self-propelled anti-tank guns such as the SU-152, and deployment of the IS-2 in the closing stages of the war, with the T-34 being the most produced tank of World War II, totalling up to some 65,000 examples by May 1945. Much like the Soviets, when entering World War II six months later (December 1941), the United States'", "id": "10558196" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nJapanese Army widely employed tanks within the Pacific theater of war, the tanks that Allied forces in the Pacific faced were mostly older designs, such as the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank and Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank. As the war progressed the Japanese built tanks and self-propelled guns to match up against the Allied tanks. These included the Type 1 Ho-Ni I tank destroyer with a 75 mm gun designed as self-propelled artillery and the Type 2 Ho-I Infantry Support Tank, for", "id": "21199386" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the Japanese Army\n\n\nobsolete, the Type 95 was cost effective and very reliable. Only 34 Type 2 Ke-To tanks were completed by the end of the war. No Type 2 Ke-To light tanks are known to have engaged in combat prior to Japan's surrender. The was an innovation created to increase the number of light tanks available to front-line infantry divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Through the modernization of Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks, in which its 57 mm gun turrets were replaced", "id": "13849378" }, { "contents": "2nd Royal Tank Regiment\n\n\nThe 2nd Royal Tank Regiment (2 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps and the 1st Mechanized Brigade. Founded as B Battalion, Tank Corps in 1917, the 2 RTR first saw action in World War I with the advent of tank technology. In 1992, it merged with the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment, keeping their own original title. It became the second regiment to be equipped with the Challenger 2 in 1998.", "id": "14370725" }, { "contents": "BT tank\n\n\nand Grigory Kravchenko of the Soviet Air Force. The lessons of Russia's \"first real war on a massive scale using tanks, artillery, and airplanes\" at Nomonhan (Khalkhin Gol) went unheeded. During the Finland War (Winter War), BT-2 and BT-5 tanks were less successful. During the final weeks of World War II, a significant number of BT-7 tanks took part in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria against the Japanese occupation, in August 1945. This was the last combat action for the BT tanks. During", "id": "20415601" }, { "contents": "Anti-tank warfare\n\n\nthe Ilyushin Il-2 \"Shturmovik\". The former was one of the most manufactured tanks in history, and the latter, itself dubbed the 'flying tank', was one of the most manufactured aircraft. The war also saw the creation and almost immediate abandonment of the self-propelled tank destroyer which would be replaced post war by the anti tank guided missile. As tanks were rarely used in conflicts between the two World Wars, no specific aircraft or tactics were developed to combat them from the air. One solution adopted by", "id": "9070722" }, { "contents": "TOG1\n\n\nThe Tank, Heavy, TOG 1 was a prototype British heavy tank produced in the early part of the Second World War in the expectation that battlefields might end up like those of the First World War. It was designed so it could cross churned-up countryside and trenches. A single prototype was built, and followed by an improved model (the TOG 2), but interest faded with the successful performance of another cross-country design, the Churchill tank, and the mobile war that was being fought. In July", "id": "8599145" }, { "contents": "PTRS-41\n\n\nThe PTRS-41 or Simonov anti-tank rifle () is the semi-automatic analog of the PTRD-41 anti-tank rifle. The PTRS-41 was produced and used by the Soviet Union during World War II. In the years between the World Wars, the Soviet Union began experimenting with different types of armour-piercing anti-tank cartridges. Finding the 12.7×108mm insufficient, they began development of what became the 14.5×114mm armour-piercing round. Rukavishnikov developed an antitank rifle () designated M1939 to accommodate this cartridge, but it", "id": "20155292" }, { "contents": "Tanks of the interwar period\n\n\nbuilt a series of light tanks, to be sold either to the British Army who wanted to keep costs down or to foreign militaries. The French used a very wide range of tanks, including many unique types. France was the second largest tank producer in the world, behind the Soviet Union (see French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II). Their cavalry tank class filled the role of what are now called MBTs. They also fielded a heavy tank design, and several lighter types for scouting and infantry support", "id": "14623436" }, { "contents": "628th Tank Destroyer Battalion\n\n\nThe 628th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War. It was redesignated the 628th Tank Battalion after the end of the war, and today exists as the 103rd Armor Regiment. What would become the battalion was formed on 10 July 1941 as the 28th Infantry Division Provisional Antitank Battalion, and on 15 December was redesignated as the 628th Tank Destroyer Battalion (constituted 3 December 1941 in the Army of the United States), in line with the reorganization of the anti-", "id": "15681192" }, { "contents": "Type 2 Ho-I\n\n\nThe Support Tank was a derivative of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Similar in concept to early variant of the German Panzer IV, it was designed as a self-propelled howitzer to provide the close-in fire support for standard Japanese medium tanks with additional firepower against enemy anti-tank fortifications. Design work on the Type 2 Ho-I began in 1937, after experience in Manchukuo taught Japanese war planners that an armored vehicle with a larger weapon would be", "id": "9843098" }, { "contents": "British Commonwealth armoured fighting vehicles of World War II\n\n\npdr anti-tank gun. These medium-sized cruiser tanks were the mainstay of British armoured units during the war. Weighing 10-35 tonnes, they were fast and mobile, and were designed to operate independently of the slow-moving infantry and their more heavily armoured infantry tank support. They were built specifically to fight a mobile war against other tanks. They were armed with anti-tank guns, from the QF 2 pdr to the QF 17 pdr or the general purpose 75 mm. The infantry tank was a", "id": "755225" }, { "contents": "Soviet combat vehicle production during World War II\n\n\nwas soon upgraded to a new turret with high-velocity 122 mm gun, and renamed IS-2, finally giving a slow, expensive heavy tank one clear superiority over the medium T-34. The IS-3 was an IS-2 with new, advanced hull and turret armour. It saw no combat in World War II. KV-8 was a flamethrower tank. The KV-2 used the same hull as the KV-1 but was armed with a 152 mm howitzer in a huge turret - which could not even rotate on uneven terrain - and was intended for use", "id": "17178834" }, { "contents": "IS tank family\n\n\nSoviet heavy tank to enter service. When the advanced T-64 MBT became available it replaced the T-10 in front line formations. The IS-2 saw combat late in World War II in small numbers, notably against Tiger I, Tiger II tanks and Elefant tank destroyers. The IS-3 saw service on the Chinese-Soviet border, the Soviet invasion of Hungary, the Prague Spring and on both sides of the Six-Day War. However the mobility and firepower of medium-tanks and the evolution of the main battle tank rendered heavy tanks", "id": "16051734" }, { "contents": "Medium tank\n\n\ntanks lines became what are called main battle tank in most countries. The first tanks to carry the name Medium appeared in the First World War with the British Medium Mark A \"Whippet\". It was smaller and lighter than the British heavy tanks and only carried machine guns. The medium tank doctrine came into use in the interwar period. Its existence outlasted the super-heavy tank and heavy tank and gradually transitioned into the main battle tank. Medium tanks of the interwar period included the British Vickers Medium Mark II and the", "id": "16051786" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the Israeli Army\n\n\nThis article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Israeli Army, from their first use after World War II in the establishment of the State of Israel after the end of the British Mandate, and into the Cold War and what today is considered the modern era. Before Israel gained independence in 1948, neither Israel nor the Arab nations surrounding it had many tanks. The Arabs and the Israelis had to find their weapons through arms dealers, or from any country that would supply them. The first armored tanks and", "id": "20022271" }, { "contents": "Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch\n\n\nThe Light Tank Mk VII (A17), also known as the Tetrarch, was a British light tank produced by Vickers-Armstrongs in the late 1930s and deployed during the Second World War. The Tetrarch was originally designed as the latest in the line of light tanks built by the company for the British Army. It improved upon its predecessor, the Mk VIB Light Tank, by introducing the extra firepower of a 2-pounder gun. The War Office ordered 70 tanks, an order that eventually increased to 220. Production was delayed", "id": "11072173" }, { "contents": "German tank problem\n\n\nAlbert Speer showed the actual number to be 245. Estimates for some specific months are given as: Similar serial-number analysis was used for other military equipment during World War II, most successfully for the V-2 rocket. Factory markings on Soviet military equipment were analyzed during the Korean War, and by German intelligence during World War II. In the 1980s, some Americans were given access to the production line of Israel's Merkava tanks. The production numbers were classified, but the tanks had serial numbers, allowing estimation of production", "id": "13715461" }, { "contents": "Iran–Iraq War\n\n\nDivisions, and broke through Iraqi lines. However, the Iranian tanks had raced through Iraqi lines with their flanks unprotected and with no infantry support; as a result, they were cut off by Iraqi tanks. In the ensuing Battle of Dezful, the Iranian armoured divisions were nearly wiped out in one of the biggest tank battles of the war. When the Iranian tanks tried to manoeuvre, they became stuck in the mud of the marshes, and many tanks were abandoned. The Iraqis lost 45 T-55 and T-62 tanks, while", "id": "14953213" }, { "contents": "Tank destroyer\n\n\nSherman Fireflies by adding the QF 17 pounder gun. Initially this gave each troop (platoon) of Shermans one powerfully armed tank. By war's end—through the production of more Fireflies and the replacement of Shermans by British tanks—about 50% of Shermans in British service were Fireflies. During World War 2, the Romanians made some tank destroyers by removing the turrets of some of their tanks and adding a compartment and a stronger gun that could face the new Soviet tanks that were much stronger than the Romanian ones.", "id": "2025211" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nguns and a 20 mm gun respectively), with some gun armed light tanks of Czechoslovak design (Panzer 35(t) and Panzer 38(t), both armed with a 37 mm gun). Even in 1941, Panzer III production amounted only to about a thousand tanks, forcing the Germans to use Czech tanks as substitutes for the Panzer III. As the war proceeded, production of heavier tanks increased. The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a 50 mm (2 inch) gun was", "id": "21199367" }, { "contents": "Sea World Jakarta\n\n\nSea World Jakarta or also known Sea World Ancol is a marine aquarium suited in North Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It consists of 1 Main tank, 1 shark tank, and several other tanks, also the white crocodile exhibit. The Main tank of the Sea World Ancol is the biggest aquarium in the Southeast Asia. Sea World Ancol was closed at September 2014 but since 17 July 2015 has been reopened to the public. The owner company is currently expanding to turn the facility as the world's largest sea park. The", "id": "7042411" }, { "contents": "Armoured warfare\n\n\narise. During the Yom Kippur War, Israeli tanks operating alone in large numbers were decimated by Egyptian infantry with anti-tank guided missiles. This is an extreme example but exemplifies what has been fairly thoroughly documented since the Second World War: tanks and infantry work best by taking advantage of each other's strengths and combining to minimise the weaknesses. In many conflicts, it was usual to see infantry riding on the back of tanks, ready to jump off and provide support when necessary. Unfortunately, the design of many modern", "id": "16607755" }, { "contents": "2-6-2\n\n\nbetween 1878 and 1881 (Belgian State Railways Type 4) with large drivers and side tanks longer than the boiler. They hauled commuter trains and fast trains on short lines. Some of them survived the war and were used on local trains until 1930. After World War I, the Belgian State Railways were desperately needing new engines in order to replace the ones that were lost or damaged during the war. They purchased 63 2-6-2 Saddle tank engines from the Railway Operating Division (Belgian State Railways Type 22,", "id": "18119010" }, { "contents": "Maclaine Diemer\n\n\n, he worked on soundtracks for Guild Wars 2's Living World Season 1, Living World Season 2, , Living World Season 3, , and Living World Season 4. In April 2019, Maclaine stepped down as lead composer at ArenaNet to pursue other projects. However, he is still writing music for Guild Wars 2. Maclaine influences come from a variety of artists and film scores. One of the biggest influences for Maclaine is John Williams in the Star Wars franchise. Other inspirations for Maclaine are Jerry Goldsmith in the Star", "id": "18245238" }, { "contents": "2/2nd Anti-Tank Regiment (Australia)\n\n\nThe 2/2nd Anti-Tank Regiment was an Australian Army anti-tank artillery regiment that was raised for service during the Second World War. Formed in 1940 in Brisbane, Queensland, the regiment was assigned to the 7th Division and was deployed to North Africa in 1940, and subsequently saw action there and in the Middle East. It was later brought back to Australia and later fought against the Japanese in New Guinea and on Borneo before being disbanded in 1946. The 2/2nd Anti-Tank Regiment was formed near Redbank, Brisbane in", "id": "19522852" }, { "contents": "Call of Duty: World at War\n\n\ndoes not feature online multiplayer or a Nazi Zombies mode. Like other versions, the game includes 2 flamethrower missions and a tank mission, however the latter is on-rails rather than free roaming. The flamethrower in Final Fronts only fires on a small scale, whereas the PlayStation 3 version allows the flamethrower to be used on a large scale in more missions and it is highly visible where it is fired. The tank mission is from the perspective of a tank gunner named Alex. \"Call of Duty: World at War", "id": "5751079" }, { "contents": "Tanks of the Polish Armoured Forces\n\n\nacquired and the Polish armoured forces were given the single turret 7TP tank which was the best Polish tank available in numbers when the war broke out, derived from the Vickers Mark E tank. The Polish forces with the 7TP Light Tank series put up a valiant defense against the invading German Army in the opening phases of World War 2, and although the new Polish 9TP tanks were being produced, few reached the Polish forces before the German invasion overwhelmed the Polish army. Poland acquired and developed tanks and tankettes for its armoured forces", "id": "18950884" }, { "contents": "Tanks of the post–Cold War era\n\n\nMoD felt it required a more advanced tank to cope with the growing threat of North Korea; especially in terms of ground combat. The K-2 is one of the most expensive tanks in the world costing at around US$9 million per unit. The South Korean military already fielded the K1/K1A1 tank which was a domestically produced tank and could already dominate North Korean tanks such as the T-55 and the Type 59. However, the K-2 was seen as a development which would see the ROK forces securely dominate the North Korean forces", "id": "13620597" }, { "contents": "RPG-2\n\n\nThe RPG-2 (Russian: РПГ-2, Ручной противотанковый гранатомёт, \"Ruchnoy Protivotankovy Granatomyot\"; English: \"hand-held antitank grenade launcher\") was a man-portable, shoulder-fired anti-tank weapon designed in the Soviet Union. It was the first successful anti-tank weapon of its type, a response to the earlier and unsuccessful RPG-1. The RPG-2 offered better range and armor penetration, making it useful against late and post-World War II tanks where the RPG-1 was of marginal use. The basic", "id": "6344630" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nin the world today are probably the Russian tanks...\". The T-34 effectively made all German tanks produced to that date obsolete. In fact, at its height, the T-34 was deemed so successful, and so capable in every role, that production of all other tanks except the IS-2 was stopped to allow all available resources to be used exclusively for this tank. The T-34 forced the Germans to adopt new, heavier designs such as the Panther and Tiger I, which in turn forced upgrades to the Soviet, United States", "id": "21199328" }, { "contents": "Tank classification\n\n\n() or the \"K-Wagen\" () were nearly completed before the war ended. In comparison, the current British MBT, the Challenger 2, weighs some . British tank designs in the immediate post-World War I era were developments along the same design as the Mark A and were named as Mediums being around . The first tank to enter service that broke with the design was known as the \"Vickers Light Tank\" (it weighed about ). It was renamed as the Medium Mark I in 1924", "id": "19180822" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the British Army\n\n\ncast armour. The Matilda 2 totally dominated all Italian armour and could claim title to \"Queen of the Desert\" until the arrival of German tanks in North Africa. The British Army were pioneers in tank combat but by 1939 it could be argued they were behind the times in terms of strategy and tactics, their methods based on the trench warfare of World War I. The British Army entered World War II with an array of poor designs and hobbled by poor doctrine. According to the theories of Captain BH Liddell Hart and Major", "id": "3873704" }, { "contents": "Hetzer\n\n\nThe \"Jagdpanzer\" 38 (Sd.Kfz. 138/2), was a German light tank destroyer of the Second World War based on a modified Czechoslovakian Panzer 38(t) chassis. German armored forces in World War II created a variety of vehicles by mounting anti-tank guns on obsolete tank chassis. These machines performed even better than expected, yet were still vulnerable due to high vehicle profiles and open-topped turrets. Allied bombings took a heavy toll on German production facilities, and further increased the need for an easily produced", "id": "888795" }, { "contents": "Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War\n\n\nthrough Iraqi lines with their flanks unprotected and with no infantry support; as a result, they were cut off by Iraqi tanks. In the ensuing Battle of Dezful, the Iranian armoured divisions were nearly wiped out in one of the biggest tank battles of the war. When the Iranian tanks tried to manoeuvre, they became stuck in the mud of the marshes, and many tanks were abandoned. The Iraqis lost 45 T-55 and T-62 tanks, while the Iranians lost 100–200 Chieftain and M-60 tanks. Reporters counted roughly 150 destroyed or", "id": "14232006" }, { "contents": "Verdeja\n\n\ntank itself. The tank was influenced by several of the light tanks which it was intended to replace, including the Panzer I and T-26, both of which were originally used during the Spanish Civil War. The Verdeja was considered a superior tank to the T-26 after a lengthy testing period, yet was never put into mass production. Three light tank prototypes were manufactured between 1938 and 1942, including the Verdeja 1 and the Verdeja 2. Interest in the vehicle's development waned after the end of the Second World War. Despite", "id": "21817295" }, { "contents": "M26 Pershing\n\n\nor M46. The M4A3E8, firing 76 mm HVAP rounds that were widely available during the Korean War (unlike World War II), was a closer match to the T-34-85 as both tanks could destroy each other at normal combat ranges. After November 1950, North Korean armor was rarely encountered. China entered the conflict in February 1951 with four regiments of tanks (a mix of mostly T-34-85 tanks, with a few IS-2 tanks, and some other AFVs). However, because these Chinese tanks were dispersed", "id": "9660825" }, { "contents": "Unit Colour Patch\n\n\nunit colour patch of the original 40th over the grey background and shape of the 8th Division. The 2/12th and 2/40th were disbanded after World War 2. Colour patches of World War II were generally smaller than those of World War I, with the World War II square patch long on the sides, with an additional grey border if the colour patch had been used by the 1st AIF. New shapes were used, for example many five-sided and six-sided shapes including the tank-shaped patches of some armoured units", "id": "19676798" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the Israeli Army\n\n\ndefend her borders from the Arab states and the American M48 tank was the best choice at the time. AMX-13 – The AMX-13 Light Tank was designed to a new post-World War 2 French Army requirement, and France supplied them to the IDF. M60 (Patton) – The M60 \"Patton\" Main Battle Tank was supplied to the IDF by several countries including the United States and was used in the Yom Kippur war. Merkava (Chariot) – The Merkava (Hebrew: , \"chariot\") is a main", "id": "20022358" }, { "contents": "Howard Fuller (activist)\n\n\nbriefcases. If there were any pluses to segregation, this was perhaps the biggest one—because everybody, regardless of income, more or less lived within close proximity of everybody else, there was a sense of unity, of being part of a larger family a feeling that if a doctor lived next door to you, what was to prevent you from becoming a doctor too?\". The housing crisis in Milwaukee, arising from an influx of black economic migrants as well as returning white World War 2 veterans, prompted an", "id": "12110720" }, { "contents": "LCM (2)\n\n\nThe Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair produced a 45-foot lighter capable of carrying the 15 ton Army model tank the Marines anticipated using. What evolved became the LCM (2), although at the time it was referred to using the Marine Corps designation of YL. The war time US Navy publication \"Allied Landing Craft and Ships\" describes the operational use of the LCM (2) as \"To land one light tank or motor vehicle.\" In early August 1942, when the US Navy expedition arrived at Guadalcanal,", "id": "8567351" }, { "contents": "Jim Bede\n\n\ndesign stage. After being expelled from what became American Aviation, Bede tried his hand at a record breaking around-the-world flight in a modified Schweizer SGS 2-32 powered glider he called the BD-2. He nicknamed the airplane \"LOVE\", an acronym for \"Low Orbit, Very Efficient\". The aircraft was modified to dramatically increase fuel capacity to 565 gallons (2,140 l) with two additional fuselage tanks, sealing the wings to turn them into tanks, and adding wing-tip tanks as well.", "id": "3357733" }, { "contents": "Kliment Voroshilov tank\n\n\nThe Kliment Voroshilov (KV) tanks, a series of Soviet heavy tanks named after the Soviet defence commissar and politician Kliment Voroshilov, operated with the Red Army during World War II. The KV tanks were known for their heavy armour protection during the early stages of the war, especially during the first year of the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In certain situations, even a single KV-1 or KV-2 supported by infantry could halt large German formations. The German Wehrmacht at that time rarely deployed its tanks against KVs, as", "id": "16423968" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the British Army\n\n\nto quickly build more reliable and more heavily armoured designs from the experienced gained in the early battles or acquire US designs to meet the needs. At the start of the war most British tanks were equipped with 2-pounder (40mm) guns which were able to penetrate contemporary German armour. The trend towards bigger guns and thicker armor which resulted in heavier tanks, made itself felt as the second World War progressed, and some tanks began to show weakness' in design. In 1939, most tanks had maximum armour of 30 mm", "id": "3873666" }, { "contents": "Armoured regiment (United Kingdom)\n\n\nArmoured regiments are units provided by the Royal Armoured Corps of the British Army. Currently, they are battalion-sized formations equipped with Challenger 2 main battle tanks. There are three Armoured Regiments, each equipped with 56 Challenger 2 tanks. The organisation of a Type 56 Armoured Regiment is: The first armoured regiments - known at the time as \"tank battalions\" - were formed in the First World War, first in the Machine Gun Corps and later as the Tank Corps. Each battalion had three companies, each of three", "id": "18607298" }, { "contents": "IS-1 and IS-2\n\n\nThe IS-1 redesignated the IS-2 for security reasons is the first Soviet heavy tank model of the IS tank series. It saw combat in World War II as well as service in other Soviet allied countries after the war. The KV-1 was criticized by its crews for its poor mobility and the lack of a larger caliber gun than the T-34 medium tank. It was much more expensive than the T-34, without having greater combat performance. Moscow ordered some KV-1 assembly lines to shift to T-34 production, leading to fears that KV-1 production would", "id": "21584625" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nTanks were an important weapons system in World War II. Even though tanks in the inter-war years were the subject of widespread research, production was limited to relatively small numbers in a few countries. However, during World War II most armies employed tanks, and production levels reached thousands each month. Tank usage, doctrine and production varied widely among the combatant nations. By war's end, a consensus was emerging regarding tank doctrine and design. The tank was invented by the British in World War I, with nearly", "id": "21199304" }, { "contents": "Churchill tank\n\n\nIn addition, a few hundred were supplied to the USSR and used on the Eastern Front. The Churchill tank was named after Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who had promoted the development of the tank in the First World War. Churchill told Field Marshall Jan Smuts \"That is the tank they named after me when they found out it was no damn good!\" The name only incidentally matched what became the British Army practice of giving service names beginning with C to cruiser tanks, such as the Covenanter, Crusader, and the", "id": "16216321" }, { "contents": "SCR-189\n\n\nThe SCR-189 was a mobile Signal Corps Radio tested by the United States Army before World War II. It was designed for armored forces, and mounted in the Six Ton Tank M1917. The original production run of these tanks included 50 \"radio tanks\" but the original radio components are unknown, so what or how many tanks were fitted with the SCR-189 also appears to be unknown. An early tactical vehicle radio, it was the first Army set to utilize the Superheterodyne receiver. As the M1917 tank was phased out, the", "id": "6159578" }, { "contents": "T-54/T-55\n\n\nIsraeli M48A3s, two M60A1s and at least three M113 APCs were lost in an ambush by Syrian T-55 tanks and BMP-1 APCs during the Battle of Sultan Yacoub. The tank was heavily used during the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–88. T-54/55 participated in the biggest tank battle of the war in early 1981. Iran lost 214 Chieftain and M60A1 tanks in the battle. In return, Iraq lost 45 T-55 and T-62 tanks. Another known tank battle occurred on 11 October 1980, when a large Iranian convoy supported by battalion of Chieftains", "id": "19044779" }, { "contents": "T30 Heavy Tank\n\n\nThe Heavy Tank T30 was a World War II American tank project developed to counter new German tanks, such as Tiger I, Tiger II, and tank destroyers, such as the \"Jagdtiger\", or Soviet heavy tanks, such as IS-1 or IS-2. The T30 was designed at the same time as the T29 Heavy Tank. Plans for four pilot heavy tanks were put forward in 1944; two T29 with a 105 mm gun and two T30 with a 155 mm gun. The T30 pilot models were started in April 1945", "id": "19121241" }, { "contents": "Tank classification\n\n\nas the earlier heavy and medium tanks went out of service and lighter tanks – or less – came into service. In World War 2, Light, Medium and Heavy tank application to different roles was incorporated into doctrine. In the US, light tanks were expected to be used ahead of the main force, medium tanks to accompany the main thrust of attack, and by-their-nature slower heavy tanks being brought up to deal with any more significant opposition. In practice, US heavy tanks saw limited use due to", "id": "19180823" }, { "contents": "British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War\n\n\nof London Authority Police. In 1940, weapons were critically short; there was a particular scarcity of anti-tank weapons, many of which had been left in France. Ironside had only 170 2-pounder anti-tank guns, but these were supplemented by 100 Hotchkiss 6-pounder guns dating from the First World War, improvised into the anti-tank role by the provision of solid shot. By the end of July 1940, an additional 900 75mm field guns had been received from the US,—the British were desperate for any means of", "id": "18032640" }, { "contents": "TACAM R-2\n\n\nThe TACAM R-2 (Tun Anticar pe Afet Mobil - Self-propelled Anti-tank Gun) was a Romanian tank destroyer used during World War II. It was built by removing the turret of the R-2 light tank and building a pedestal to mount an ex-Soviet ZiS-3 field gun in its place. A three-sided fighting compartment was built to protect the gun and its crew. Twenty were built in 1944, but only one is known to exist today. It participated in the Budapest Offensive and the Prague Offensive.", "id": "21817522" }, { "contents": "Type 3 Ka-Chi\n\n\nThe was an amphibious medium tank developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II. The Type 3 Ka-Chi was based on an extensively modified Imperial Japanese Army Type 1 Chi-He medium tank (it had 2 more road-wheels and two more return rollers on each side) and was a larger and more capable version of the earlier Type 2 Ka-Mi amphibious tank. The success of the Type 2 Ka-Mi design pleased the planners in the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, and it was determined", "id": "5029038" }, { "contents": "Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tank\n\n\nThe Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tank (designated the A4E11 and A4E12 by the War Office), was a series of British experimental pre-World War II light tanks (resembling a tankette), which, although not taken into British service, were sold to a number of other countries which produced modified versions which were then taken into service. Foreign buyers included China (29 or 32 tanks), Thailand, the Dutch East Indies (2 delivered in 1937) and the USSR, the latter producing some 1200", "id": "14686917" }, { "contents": "Political life of Clint Eastwood\n\n\nby saying his film was \"the biggest anti-war statement any film can make\", and that the film depicts \"the fact of what [war] does to the family and the people who have to go back into civilian life like Chris Kyle did\" and \"what it (war) does to the people left behind.\" Eastwood further explained his anti-war stance by saying \"I was a child growing up during World War II. That was supposed to be the one to end all wars.", "id": "840718" }, { "contents": "Tigerfibel\n\n\nThe Tigerfibel and Pantherfibel were crew instruction manuals for the German tanks of World War II, the Panzer VI Tiger heavy tank and the Panzer V Panther medium tank. Like other manuals designated as \"Fibel\" (basic primer), they were apparently intended to summarise what the crew needed to know for day-to-day use of the tank, and to capture their interest. It is well illustrated in comic-style and much of the text is written as poetry in a humorous manner. The Fibel is remarkably different", "id": "2367452" }, { "contents": "Section (military unit)\n\n\nL14A1 84mm anti-tank gun and a L2A3 9mm submachine gun, the Anti-Tank No. 2 with an L1A1 SLR and additional 84mm rounds, and two riflemen with L1A1 SLRs, while the gun group consisted of the section 2IC (Lance Corporal) with an L1A1 SLR, the section gunner with the GPMG, and the gun No. 2 with an L1A1 SLR, a spare GPMG barrel, and additional 7.62mm linked ammunition. Both World War II and Cold War section tactics were basically designed to", "id": "22080906" }, { "contents": "IS tank family\n\n\nThe IS Tank was a series of heavy tanks developed as a successor to the KV-series by the Soviet Union during World War II. The IS acronym is the anglicized initialism of Joseph Stalin (, \"\"). The heavy tanks were designed with thick armor to counter German 88 mm guns and carried a main gun capable of defeating Tiger II, Tiger I, and Panther tanks. They were mainly designed as breakthrough tanks, firing a heavy high-explosive shell that was useful against entrenchments and bunkers. The IS-2 went", "id": "16051725" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nthey were. The first tanks of the United States to see combat were the Light Tank M3. They were deeply flawed in many ways, yet the M3 Light (\"Stuart\") and M3 Medium (\"Lee\" or \"Grant\") were the best tanks available to the Western Allies and were superior to many of their German counterparts in armor protection and firepower. The Light Tank M3 was about as well-armed as the British cruiser tanks with 2-pounder (40 mm) guns in the desert, yet was", "id": "21199351" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nBritish tanks in World War I), the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) did not have tanks of its own in World War I, so it started out by purchasing foreign tanks for evaluation during World War I and right after the war ended. Like many other nations, the Japanese initially didn't embrace the tank, as it didn't have the cavalry tradition. Cavalry was used for reconnaissance in the mountainous countryside, and initially, as with most other armies, the first designs were constrained by the tank's infantry", "id": "21199381" }, { "contents": "Japanese tanks of World War II\n\n\nproduction Japanese amphibious tank, although beginning in 1942 only 182 to 184 units were built. Type 2 Ka-Mi was first used in combat on Guadalcanal in late 1942. Later they were encountered by US forces in fighting on the Marshall Islands, the Mariana Islands and on the Philippine island of Leyte in late 1944. The Type 3 Ka-Chi was based on an extensively modified Type 1 Chi-He medium tank and was a larger and more capable version of the earlier Type 2 Ka-Mi amphibious tank. However", "id": "7264586" }, { "contents": "Japanese tanks of World War II\n\n\n. Production amphibious tanks included the Type 2 Ka-Mi, and Type 3 Ka-Chi; production amphibious transports included the F B swamp vehicle, and Type 4 Ka-Tsu APC. All production units were for use by the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces in campaigns in the Pacific with amphibious operations. The Type 1 was an early IJN experimental design that led to the Type 2 Ka-Mi, which was based on the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank. The Type 2 Ka-Mi was the first", "id": "7264585" }, { "contents": "Ordnance, RCL, 3.45 in\n\n\nm/42, a recoilless rifle designed by the Swedish Bofors Carl Gustaf company during World War 2, but it had little bearing on his work as the Carl Gustav was a large bore rifle design intended to remove the recoil experienced with anti-tank rifles such as the Boys anti-tank rifle or similar large calibre bolt-action rifles which required large cartridges to deliver high velocity rounds. The usefulness of anti-tank rifles was lost as tanks were built with much thicker armour during the war. Although Burney's designs did not", "id": "420732" }, { "contents": "Anti-tank warfare\n\n\ncm Pak L/45, later adopted in Wehrmacht service as 3.7 cm Pak 36. It made an appearance during the Spanish Civil War, as did the Bofors 37 mm developed in Sweden, and used by many early Second World War combatants. The British Army accepted for service the (40 mm) Ordnance QF 2 pounder, which was developed as a tank gun. The Soviet Red Army after the also begun a search for an anti-tank gun with a French Hotchkiss 37 mm L.33 tank gun, but soon upgraded this to", "id": "9070709" }, { "contents": "History of unmanned aerial vehicles\n\n\nthe pulsejet in the fuselage and intake in the nose. It featured straight, low-mounted wings with tip tanks, and a triple-fin tail. In the post-World War II period, Radioplane followed up the success of the OQ-2 target drone with another very successful series of piston-powered target drones, what would become known as the Basic Training Target (BTT) family (the BTT designation wasn't created until the 1980s, but is used here as a convenient way to resolve the tangle of designations)", "id": "4865482" }, { "contents": "TOG2\n\n\nThe Old Gang\" as it was made up of people who had worked on the original British tanks of the First World War) the TOG 2 was similar to the TOG 1 and kept many of its features. Instead of the track path arrangement of the TOG 1 which - like that of the First World War British tanks - ran up over the top of the hull and back down, the track path was lower on the return run and the doors were above the tracks. Ordered in 1940, built by Foster's", "id": "8944744" }, { "contents": "British Army during the Second World War\n\n\nentered British service. These tanks, with a 75mm gun, and the ability to fire high explosive and anti-tank rounds, were better than any other tank then in British service. A British development of the Sherman led to the Sherman Firefly, which was the only tank able to defeat German Panther, Tiger I and Tiger II tanks at range, until the Comet tank entered service in late 1944. The British divisional anti-tank weapon was the Ordnance QF 2-pounder, which had three times the range of the", "id": "10391654" }, { "contents": "Regiment President Steyn\n\n\ntanks and eventually formed part of the 8th South African Armoured Division 82 Mechanised Brigade (South Africa). What was later to become Regiment Vrystaat was formed in the same year as 2 Regiment President Steyn.The regiment's Ratel infantry fighting vehicles and Eland-90 armoured cars saw service during the South African Border War. The Regiment's first active duty as a tank unit was when two squadrons took part in Operation Packer in March 1988 with 82 Brigade. The unit lost three tanks in a Cuban minefield. One of the tanks was", "id": "18373884" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the Japanese Army\n\n\nThis article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Japanese Army from their first use after World War I, into the interwar period, during World War II, the Cold War and modern era. The First World War established the validity of the tank concept. After the war, many nations needed to have tanks, but only a few had the industrial resources to design and build them. During and after World War I, Britain and France were the intellectual leaders in tank design, with other countries generally following", "id": "13849321" }, { "contents": "Anti-tank warfare\n\n\n37 mm (the largest gun able to be towed by the jeep), French 25 mm and 47 mm guns, British QF 2-pounder (40 mm), Italian 47 mm and Soviet 45 mm. All of these light weapons could penetrate the thin armor found on most pre-war and early war tanks. At the start of World War II, many of these weapons were still being used operationally, along with a newer generation of light guns that closely resembled their WWI counterparts. After Soviet T-34 and KV tanks were", "id": "9070732" }, { "contents": "Female tank\n\n\nThe \"Female\" tank was a type of armoured fighting vehicle deployed during the First World War that carried multiple machine guns instead of the mix of machine guns and cannons mounted by the original Mark I tank. The prototype, nicknamed \"Mother\", and the first production models of what would become referred to as the Mark I were designed to carry two six-pounder guns and three machine-guns. Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Swinton expressed the fear that tanks armed in such a way might be unable to protect themselves from", "id": "2776801" }, { "contents": "Tank classification\n\n\ntank designs. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, a generation of purpose-designed main battle tanks appeared, starting with the British Chieftain tank. These vehicles are less obviously influenced by wartime templates (the Chieftain, for example), weighing as much as a World War II heavy tank and possessing far greater firepower and armour, while retaining the mobility of the previous Centurion design. Similarly, the US M1 Abrams series, the German Leopard 2, the British Challenger 1, French Leclerc and Russian T-90 tanks are all", "id": "19180841" }, { "contents": "T-62\n\n\n–Iraq War, Iraqi T-62s performed well against opposing Iranian tanks, such as M47s, M48s, M60A1s and Chieftains. In the Battle of Dezful, the biggest tank battle of the war, Iran lost 214 Chieftain and M60A1 tanks, while Iraq lost 45 T-62. The remaining Iranian armor turned about and withdrew. Libyan T-62s were first deployed against the Chadian National Armed Forces (FANT) in the Aouzou Strip around September 1986. The tanks also formed an integral part of a brigade-sized, combined arms task force ordered", "id": "19679970" }, { "contents": "Challenger 2\n\n\nseen operational service in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Iraq. The Challenger 2 is the third vehicle of this name, the first being the A30 Challenger, a World War II design using the Cromwell tank chassis with a 17-pounder gun. The second was the Persian Gulf War era Challenger 1, which was the British army's main battle tank (MBT) from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. Vickers Defence Systems began to develop a successor to Challenger 1 as a private venture in 1986. Following the issue of a Staff", "id": "8151369" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\nby the crews. 34 tanks crossed into Romania after covering the Polish retreat after the Soviet Invasion of Poland on 17SEP39 and 2 crossed into Hungary. Only about half of the Renault tanks participated in the actual fighting. Polish forces in exile after the fall of Poland were reequipped by their allies. Polish LWP forces fighting alongside the Red Army were equipped with T-34, T-70 and IS-2 tanks, along with ISU-122 and SU-76 self-propelled guns. Polish forces in the west were equipped out of British stocks including M3 and M5 Stuarts", "id": "21199396" }, { "contents": "Tanks in the Japanese Army\n\n\ntank introduced in 1937, the Type 2 Ke-To is a light tank introduced in 1942. There is sometimes a surname to supplement or replace the ideograms. The \"Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha\" is a variation of the medium tank Chi-Ha with a new turret (meaning of the word Shinhoto). The Type 95 light tank had the surname \"Ha-Go\" (third model) that was given by its designer, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. After World War I ended, many European countries attempted", "id": "13849327" }, { "contents": "Jack-in-the-box effect\n\n\n\"buttoned-up\" (i.e. with all hatches closed and locked), and which have internally stored ammunition and no blow-off panels on the ammunition storage area. Tanks of the World War II era were frequently seen to have lost their turrets in this manner, largely owing to poor design (most designers had not yet recognized the need for special shielding of the ammunition storage compartments of tanks.). Many modern tanks (for instance, the M1 Abrams, Leopard 2, Challenger 2 and Leclerc series, to", "id": "15043317" }, { "contents": "Tanks in World War II\n\n\na 12–18 month lead in tank and anti-tank gun development and production until the end of 1944. Britain produced 5000 tanks in the year of 1944. The A9 Cruiser Mk I was an effective tank in the French, Greek and early North African campaigns. The 2-pounder gun was better than comparable 37 mm weapons of Germany and the US, and lethal against tanks encountered during the North African campaign. However the minimal armor made the A9 vulnerable to most contemporary anti-tank weapons and the design was quickly superseded by the", "id": "21199337" }, { "contents": "Anti-tank warfare\n\n\ntroops more time to prepare their defense. Anti-tank defense proper was by 1942 designed in First World War fashion with several prepared trench lines incorporating anti-tank weapons of different capabilities. Depending on terrain and the available line-of-sight, the longer-ranged guns could begin to fire on approaching tanks from as far as 2 kilometers, which was also the range at which German Panther and Tiger tank gunners were trained to fire. Anti-tank guns were usually deployed to cover terrain more suitable for tanks,", "id": "9070757" }, { "contents": "Men of War: Assault Squad 2\n\n\nMen of War: Assault Squad 2 (, or \"Behind Enemy Lines 2: Assault 2\") is a real-time tactics and real-time strategy game set in World War II. It is a sequel to the 2011 game \"\". The early access version of the game was released on March 20, 2014. It was fully released on May 15, 2014. \"Men of War: Assault Squad 2\" features single player skirmish modes that take players from large scale tank combat to sniper stealth missions", "id": "18148465" }, { "contents": "World War II\n\n\ninfantry support in the First World War, had evolved into the primary weapon. In the late 1930s, tank design was considerably more advanced than it had been during World War I, and advances continued throughout the war with increases in speed, armour and firepower. At the start of the war, most commanders thought enemy tanks should be met by tanks with superior specifications. This idea was challenged by the poor performance of the relatively light early tank guns against armour, and German doctrine of avoiding tank-versus-tank combat", "id": "14466488" }, { "contents": "Tank\n\n\n-tank guided missiles, sabot ammunition and high explosive anti-tank warheads. World War II had shown that the speed of a light tank was no substitute for armour & firepower and medium tanks were vulnerable to newer weapon technology, rendering them obsolete. In a trend started in World War II, economies of scale led to serial production of progressively upgraded models of all major tanks during the Cold War. For the same reason many upgraded post-World War II tanks and their derivatives (for example, the T-55 and T-72", "id": "10558202" } ]

[ { "contents": "Can't Change Me\n\n\ncan relate to: \"She's going to change the world/But she can't change me/Suddenly I can see everything that's wrong with me/But what can I do?/I'm the only thing I really have at all.\" Cornell unveils a desire to be reckoned with as an openly wounded and unabashedly portentous rock balladeer.\" A music video directed by Johan Renck was produced for the song and premiered on MTV on September 6, 1999. The video's concept was Cornell's idea. It also stars Portuguese", "id": "21069202" }, { "contents": "Paul Cornell\n\n\nannounced at the 2007 Wizard World Chicago comic book convention that Cornell would be following Chris Claremont on Marvel's \"New Excalibur\". Plans were subsequently changed with the cancellation of the \"New Excalibur\" title and Cornell's new project was announced as being titled \"\". The third trade paperback, \"Vampire State\", was nominated for the 2010 \"Best Graphic Story\" Hugo Award. Cornell has also written \"Young Avengers Presents\" No. 4 (April 2008) and a Fantastic Four mini-series comic,", "id": "20787525" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nCornell's bodyguard) was at the singer's hotel room at 11:30 p.m. to help him with his computer. It also says that Cornell's wife, Vicky, talked to her husband at 11:35 p.m. Alarmed by what she heard, Vicky phoned Kirsten to ask him to check on her husband \"because he did not sound like he was OK.\" According to Vicky, Cornell kept saying, \"I am just tired,\" and hung up the phone. A call from Vicky's at 12:15 am prompted Kirsten to go", "id": "5177460" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nand to not do that crap anymore or you will never stop and it will just kill you. There's nothing you can do...if your best friend has a problem and it's very serious, there's nothing you're going to be able to do about it and it was sad for me and the people around me. Sad for me when friends of mine died because of it.\" In a 2011 interview, Cornell said the major change when Soundgarden re-formed was a lack of alcohol: \"The", "id": "5177450" }, { "contents": "Can't Change Me\n\n\n\"Can't Change Me\" is the first single released from Chris Cornell's debut solo album, \"Euphoria Morning\" (1999). The song peaked at No. 5 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, and at No. 7 on the Alternative Songs chart. A music video was produced for the song. \"Can't Change Me\" was nominated for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance at the 2000 Grammy Awards. Chris Cornell told MTV News that students of Soundgarden's music can find the genesis of \"Can't", "id": "21069198" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nFix Me Now\" from the band's debut album was originally called \"Chris Cornell\". According to lead singer Shirley Manson, she was obsessed with Cornell at the time of the release of Soundgarden's hit song \"Black Hole Sun\". A demo version of \"Fix Me Now\" has Manson singing Cornell's name. The line \"I'm looking California, and feeling Minnesota\" from Soundgarden's song \"Outshined\" (written by Cornell), inspired the title of Steven Baigelman's 1996 film \"Feeling Minnesota", "id": "5177429" }, { "contents": "Sunset Song (film)\n\n\nKindraddie. Chris and Ewan have a loving marriage and she gives birth to a son, Ewan Jr, just as the start of World War I. Ewan at first refuses to enlist, but knowing that conscription will soon be passed he eventually decides to go to war. Ewan comes back on leave a changed man. Violent and abrasive he rapes Chris and the two part on bad terms. Chris eventually receives mail informing her that Ewan is dead. She learns from her friend Chae that Ewan was executed as a deserter because he", "id": "10418496" }, { "contents": "Scream (Chris Cornell song)\n\n\nAlan's shot the video, he's shooting both at the same time. My role in the video is performing the song in super-slow-motion, where I'm existing in this Zen-like world, singing these song lyrics and everything going on around me is super-fast, super-chaotic, and I'm just suspended in it. It's a filmic piece that has something to say about the song lyrics and the feel of the music. It's going to be very much a cinematic video", "id": "11223442" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nband was made up of some of the contributing musicians Alain Johannes, Natasha Shneider, Rick Markmann, and Greg Upchurch. The album proved commercially unsuccessful selling 393,000 copies in the U.S., although the album's single \"Can't Change Me\" was nominated for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance at the 2000 Grammy Awards. Cornell recorded a version of \"Can't Change Me\" in French, this version is a bonus on \"Euphoria Morning\"'s deluxe version. The album includes \"Wave Goodbye\", Cornell's tribute to", "id": "5177372" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nwrote a poem in tribute to him. Alice in Chains paid tribute with a photo of Cornell on their social media pages with the caption, \"We are heartbroken\". Faith No More changed the homepage of the band's official website to a tribute to Cornell after his death. The message could still be seen on the website until November 9, 2017. The Seattle Mariners held a pregame tribute to Cornell prior to their game against the Chicago White Sox on May 19 with a moment of silence and videoboard tribute to Cornell", "id": "5177469" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nnearly derailed before the album's release; Cornell was going through alcohol problems and a slot on the Ozzfest tour was canceled. During this time, there was a rumor that Cornell had checked himself into drug rehabilitation. He later confirmed it in an interview with \"Metal Hammer\" that was conducted from a clinic payphone. In a \"San Diego CityBeat\" article, Cornell explained that he went through \"a horrible personal crisis\" during the making of the first record, staying in rehab for two months and separating from his", "id": "5177389" }, { "contents": "Natasha Shneider\n\n\nNatalia Mikhailovna Schneiderman (), (), known in the English-speaking world as Natasha Shneider (; May 22, 1956 – July 2, 2008) was a Latvian musician and actress. She was most notably the keyboardist and vocalist in the musical group Eleven, along with her partner, bandmate Alain Johannes. Shneider contributed to tracks for Chris Cornell and Queens of the Stone Age, and together with Johannes toured with Cornell on his \"Euphoria Morning\" tour in 1999 and with Queens in 2005 on their \"Lullabies to", "id": "11067314" }, { "contents": "Chris Pappas (Neighbours)\n\n\n, Chris changes his mind when Nate supports him. Nate later helps Chris and Lucy see that they need to think the idea through more thoroughly, and they draw up a contract detailing how their child will be raised. When they learn that they are both carriers of spinal muscular atrophy, Chris tells Lucy that she should find another donor. But when Chris sees how down Lucy is, he changes his mind and they go ahead with the insemination. A couple of weeks later, Lucy calls Chris to tell him that she", "id": "9485648" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\n. Oakland Athletics's player Trevor Plouffe changed his walk-up music to \"Black Hole Sun\" to honor Cornell. Linkin Park dedicated their performance of \"One More Light\" on Jimmy Kimmel's show, in tribute to Cornell. During the 2017 Billboard Music Awards, Imagine Dragons' lead singer, Dan Reynolds, paid tribute to Cornell remembering his life and career and asking for a moment of silence as a photo of Cornell filled television screens at home and the monitors in the venue. On May 23, 2017,", "id": "5177470" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nthat he is an extremely talented artist, songwriter, singer, and guitar player. He can do so many different things to evoke emotion. From the soulfulness, to the top end of his range when he gets metal and aggressive, to his choice of melodies and how the melody in itself, despite what he's saying, can incite emotion. I think he'll go down in history as one of the greats.\" After hearing about his death, Alice Cooper stated: \"Chris Cornell, in our circle,", "id": "5177488" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\n. Cornell recalled the episode in a 1994 interview: \"With a religion like that, it's not designed for anyone to question. Being young people who have a natural curiosity and half a brain, you're going to start finding inconsistencies, which there are tons of in organized religion. We both sort of made it clear in classroom situations that we didn't get it. 'Explain this to me.' And they couldn't, so we started creating a lot of problems.\" Cornell traced his musical influences", "id": "5177350" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nof thought, it's a possibility—it's definitely something that somebody was feeling when they were writing. It doesn't mean that it's going to happen. But it doesn't necessarily mean that it isn't, either. Cornell was good friends with Pearl Jam frontman Eddie Vedder. Cornell was one of the first people that Vedder met outside his Pearl Jam bandmates after moving to Seattle in 1990. The two were neighbors for a while and had shared vocal duties in Temple of The Dog. Soundgarden manager Susan Silver", "id": "5177437" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\njust go through them. At the age of 12, he had access to alcohol, marijuana, LSD, psilocybin mushrooms and prescription drugs; he used them daily by 13, stopped for a year, but relapsed at age 15 for another year until he turned to music. In a 2006 interview, Cornell revealed that at the age of 14, he had a bad PCP experience and later suffered from panic disorder and agoraphobia:It's not like you go to your dad or your doctor and say, 'Yeah,", "id": "5177446" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\n\", starring Keanu Reeves and Cameron Diaz. Cornell's song \"Preaching the End of the World\" from his debut solo album \"Euphoria Morning\", inspired the title of Lorene Scafaria's 2012 film \"Seeking a Friend for the End of the World\", starring Steve Carell and Keira Knightley. In 1985, Cornell started dating Susan Silver, the manager of Alice in Chains, Soundgarden and Screaming Trees, and they got married in 1990. They had a daughter, Lillian Jean, born in June 2000. He", "id": "5177430" }, { "contents": "Superunknown\n\n\nFrontman Chris Cornell said that the band members allowed each other more freedom than on past records. Thayil observed that even though the band spent as much time writing and arranging as it had on previous albums, it spent a lot more time working on recording the songs. After two albums with producer Terry Date, the band decided to seek another collaborator, as guitarist Kim Thayil said, \"We just thought we'd go for a change.\" Eventually they settled on producer Michael Beinhorn, who \"didn't have his own", "id": "5408004" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nwith, just the concept of euphoria in mourning; it was a moment I felt inspired and I let all the air out of it. So when we decided to do its first vinyl release I thought, I want to change the fuckin' title! [Laughs] It's time to change it,\" Cornell stated. An unreleased song called \"Heart of Honey\" was also recorded in collaboration with Johannes and Shneider during this period. According to Alain Johannes, \"Heart of Honey\" was recorded for the film", "id": "5177374" }, { "contents": "The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\n\n\n\"The Promise\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Chris Cornell. The song was written as the ending credits song for the film of the same name. The song was released as a single on March 10, 2017, and is notable as being the last solo release from Cornell prior to his death on May 18, 2017. The song was first written by Chris Cornell after being approached by movie producer Eric Esrailian to write a song for his movie, \"The Promise\". Cornell agreed, as the", "id": "6442017" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nwas to change virtually everything in my life. That was a very frightening thing to do, but it was worthwhile.\" He checked into a rehabilitation center in 2002 and quit drinking and smoking around 2005. Cornell stated in a 1996 interview: \"I know what it feels like to be suicidal, and I know what it feels like to be hopeless. There is some point where I learnt enough about myself to know that I don't have the tolerance to create other hurdles as well.\" In 1999, Cornell", "id": "5177443" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nthe air.\" He was able to walk away from the accident, but had severe cuts and bruises. He returned to the studio later that day. In 2007, Cornell appeared as support to Aerosmith on at least two legs of their 2007 world tour—Dublin, London, and Hyde Park—and to Linkin Park in Australia and New Zealand. These shows formed part of his own ongoing world tour which began in April 2007 and continued into 2008 and 2009. Cornell has described his touring band—comprising guitarists Yogi", "id": "5177378" }, { "contents": "List of Neighbours characters (2003)\n\n\nearn them some money. She and Sky Mangel (Stephanie McIntosh) go to Chris's studio and he gives her a lot of attention. Sky thinks that Chris is looking for more than just a model, but Serena enjoys his attention. She goes back to the studio alone and Chris touches her to change her position and offers her a dress for her school formal. Chris gains her trust and he asks Serena if she would join him at a hotel. Serena agrees, but at the hotel she begins to feel uncomfortable", "id": "13837376" }, { "contents": "List of songs recorded by Chris Cornell\n\n\ncover version of Michael Jackson's \"Billie Jean\". The follow-up, 2009's \"Scream\", was co-written with a number of hip hop and R&B producers, including Timbaland, J-Roc and Ryan Tedder, and marked a drastic change in direction for Cornell. In 2010, the singer was featured on songs by Slash, Gabin and Santana, before Soundgarden reunited for the 2012 album \"King Animal\". In his final years Cornell focused on his solo career, releasing a number of singles", "id": "10026350" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\ndepression, isolation and suicidal thoughts several times throughout his life. Following Cornell's death, his older brother, Peter Cornell, started a campaign to raise awareness on depression and suicide prevention. A few days later, Peter revealed that he was being bullied and threatened to change the narrative of this awareness message, and that this bullying was coming from a place he could never have imagined. In October 2017, Peter reacted to criticism thrown at him on social media by his brother's mother-in-law. He talked", "id": "5177457" }, { "contents": "Temple of the Dog\n\n\nCalifornia, on October 28, 2003, Cornell joined the band on-stage, effectively reuniting Temple of the Dog (Cameron had been the drummer for Pearl Jam since 1998) for renditions of \"Hunger Strike\" and \"Reach Down\". Cornell also performed Audioslave's \"Like a Stone\" and Chris Cornell's \"Can't Change Me\". The version of \"Reach Down\" recorded that night later appeared on Pearl Jam's 2003 fan club Christmas single. Pearl Jam has also been known to perform \"Hunger", "id": "5408269" }, { "contents": "William Foote Whyte\n\n\nhis later years. He briefly returned to the University of Chicago in 1944, then joined the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University in 1948, remaining at Cornell for the remainder of his career. At Cornell he supervised Chris Argyris with his doctorate. He worked for social reform and social change, directing his efforts toward \"empowering the disenfranchized and narrowing the gap between rich and poor.\" He studied industrial and agricultural workers and workers' cooperatives in Venezuela, Peru, Guatemala and in the Basque", "id": "6405253" }, { "contents": "List of songs recorded by Chris Cornell\n\n\nThe following is a list of songs recorded by Chris Cornell. It features songs on which Cornell is credited as an individual artist, either lead or featured; songs by his bands Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog and Audioslave are not included on this list. Chris Cornell was an American rock musician from Seattle, Washington. He began his career in 1984 when he co-founded the grunge band Soundgarden, and later performed with Temple of the Dog from 1990 to 1992. In 1992, Cornell released his first solo EP \"", "id": "10026347" }, { "contents": "Claire Holt (art historian)\n\n\nstart of World War II and served as a research assistant to anthropologist Margaret Mead at the Museum of Natural History. Holt joined the staff of Cornell University in 1957 as a research associate. Her most important work of scholarship was \"Art in Indonesia: Continuities and Change\" (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967), an interdisciplinary introduction to Hindu and Buddhist monuments of Indonesia and the heritage of Indian influence in the performance arts. In 1965, she helped found the Cornell Modern Indonesia Project with faculty in the", "id": "4586360" }, { "contents": "Bryan Gibson (musician)\n\n\nBryan Gibson (born Bryan Frederick Gibson; December 31, 1980) is an American producer, composer, and multi-instrumentalist, best known as the cellist, pianist, and mandolinist, accompanying Chris Cornell on the \"Higher Truth\" world tour. He is also known as the founder, songwriter, and lead guitarist for the rock band I Nine. He has over 20 years of performance experience touring with Aslyn, Owen Beverly, Tim Brantley, Jay Clifford, Chris Cornell, and Matisyahu, and was also principal cellist", "id": "18548391" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nsongwriting often features non-standard chord progressions and melodies that do not conform with one diatonic scale. A prominent example is \"Black Hole Sun\", which not only involves many kinds of open chords and several key changes in short sequences, but also unique melody phrases with large-interval jumps. A recurrent characteristic is his use of major-only chord sequences (\"Sweet Euphoria\", \"Pretty Noose\"), which also leads to more subtle key changes. Cornell's most concentrated example of his own songwriting style", "id": "5177425" }, { "contents": "Lucy Robinson (Neighbours)\n\n\na mother. When Chris sees how down Lucy is, he changes his mind and they go ahead with the insemination, before Lucy leaves. A couple of weeks later, Lucy tells Chris that she is pregnant. She returns to Erinsborough for her first scan and Chris decides he wants to split his time between Erinsborough and New York when the baby comes. They also try to find a home for a stray Labrador puppy, after learning that she is descended from Bouncer. Lucy later leaves the dog with Paul. After Chris", "id": "16852913" }, { "contents": "Layne Staley\n\n\nwith his Alice in Chains bandmates, the band's manager Susan Silver and her husband Chris Cornell, as well as other music personalities. Chris Cornell, joined by Heart's Ann and Nancy Wilson, sang a rendition of The Rolling Stones' \"Wild Horses\" at the funeral. They also performed The Lovemongers' song \"Sand\". During her appearance on \"Celebrity Rehab\" in 2010, Staley's mother said she has her son's ashes in a box. Jerry Cantrell dedicated his solo album, \"Degradation Trip", "id": "3159346" }, { "contents": "William DuVall\n\n\ngrandmother and the late Soundgarden lead vocalist Chris Cornell. In December 2018, DuVall and Jerry Cantrell were tied at No. 10 on Total Guitar/MusicRadar's \"15 best rock guitarists in the world right now\" poll. On January 16, 2019, DuVall along with Jerry Cantrell, Pearl Jam's guitarist Stone Gossard and bassist Jeff Ament, and drummer Josh Freese performed Soundgarden's \"Hunted Down\" at the Chris Cornell tribute concert \"I Am The Highway\". DuVall will release his first solo album, \"One", "id": "7350467" }, { "contents": "Nancy Wilson (rock musician)\n\n\nof Led Zeppelin served as producer; Layne Staley of Alice in Chains and Chris Cornell of Soundgarden both contributed. The album only reached number 87 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, and the group was dropped by Capitol. In 1995, Wilson requested that Heart go on hiatus. Wilson explained that she wanted to spend more time working with husband Cameron Crowe on film scores and start a family. At the time, Wilson was 41 and undergoing fertility treatments, which were difficult to schedule around a rock tour and appearances.", "id": "22008686" }, { "contents": "Denny Miller (Home and Away)\n\n\nmeet Denny, but Oscar changes his mind. Evelyn accuses Denny of lying, but when Denny plans to leave the Bay, she comes to talk to Denny and they bond. Denny eventually moves into The Farmhouse with her family, and she begins working at Alf Stewart's bait shop. Chris Harrington flirts with Denny and she agrees to go on a date with him. After a rocky start, Denny and Chris begin dating. However, Chris is shocked at the extent of Denny's feelings for him and they break up", "id": "19602633" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\n, set to be released on his first solo vinyl album. Smith said in a statement: \"Written and recorded in loving tribute to the glorious Chris Cornell, who left us the day before this session. We will never stop singing your songs. Goodbye for now, Chris... Love Never Dies.\" Foo Fighters' drummer Taylor Hawkins added a tribute image of Cornell on his touring drum kit in August 2017. Cornell's Soundgarden bandmate, Matt Cameron, paid homage to him in his first solo album titled \"Cavedweller", "id": "5177474" }, { "contents": "We Didn't Start the Fire\n\n\nThey'll Never Stop the Simpsons\" at the end of the 2002 \"Gump Roast\" episode, and the San Francisco a cappella group The Richter Scales' 2007 Webby Award-winning parody \"Here Comes Another Bubble.\" The Cayuga's Waiters, a former a cappella group at Cornell University, previously performed a version entitled \"We Didn't Go to Harvard\" with constantly changing lyrics to reflect the changing Cornell experience but always mentioning various Cornell and Ithaca landmarks. The band Guns 'n' Moses made a parody of", "id": "9545132" }, { "contents": "The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\n\n\nnoting that Cornell's vocals did well in evoking the painful situations conveyed in the movie. While Radio.com referred to the song as an orchestral tearjerker, \"Spin\" was overall less positive, stating that the song was \"skillfully put together: tuneful and majestic\" but that \"it feels a little too overwrought to embrace wholeheartedly.\" Spin later commented on the song's live performance as well, referring to it as slightly \"sappy\", though conceding that the message, and its proceeds going to charity, were commendable", "id": "6442022" }, { "contents": "Blow Up the Outside World\n\n\n\". \"Blow Up the Outside World\" was written by frontman Chris Cornell. Cornell stated that he wrote the song when he was in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and at the time of writing it \"[he] was a little fucked up\". Guitarist Kim Thayil on the song's guitar solo: A blues-type thing, exactly. And after I recorded it, the rest of the band loved it, and the assistant engineer loved it, but I kept feeling like it was too stiff.", "id": "7763421" }, { "contents": "Carrie (musical)\n\n\nin defying their teacher until Sue shouts defiance. Battle lines are drawn; the best friends are now enemies. When Miss Gardner apologizes to the sobbing Carrie for what just happened, Carrie surprises her by insisting that she's got to let Chris go to Prom. Carrie points out that for girls like Chris, Prom is like a dream. When pressed, Carrie admits that she herself is not going. Moved by Carrie's lack of self-esteem and her need for support, Miss Gardner assures her that things can change", "id": "10105654" }, { "contents": "Muriel Cornell\n\n\nlong jump world record with a distance of 5.485 m. Later in August, she competed at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg at which she placed second, recording 5.44 m, behind Japan's Kinue Hitomi. Cornell exceeded Hitomi's world record jump of 5.5 m, but she left a mark in the sand after she turned to speak to an official before leaving the pit. Cornell again became the world record holder in August 1927, jumping 5.575 m, which she held until Hitomi jumped 5.98 m in 1928. The", "id": "12969263" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nhis contributions to the city's music scene. In the same night, Ann Wilson paid tribute to Cornell singing Soundgarden's \"Black Hole Sun\" on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\". Soundgarden's drummer, Matt Cameron, was the first of Cornell's former bandmates to comment on his death saying \"my dark knight is gone\" via Facebook. Pearl Jam, for whom Cameron also drums, released a tribute on their website with a picture of Cornell entitled \"Chris\". Cornell's Audioslave bandmate, Tom Morello,", "id": "5177468" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\n, about the death of a friend, both in rehearsals and live, when they appeared on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" shortly after Cornell's death. In a 1989 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", Axl Rose declared, \"I enjoy Soundgarden. The singer [Cornell] just buries me. The guy sings so great.\" Rose also stated that Cornell was the best vocalist in rock. In a 2009 interview, Ronnie James Dio stated, \"I think Chris Cornell is such a great singer, and those", "id": "5177486" }, { "contents": "Badmotorfinger\n\n\nit had on its previous release \"Louder Than Love\" (1989). Frontman Chris Cornell said the band decided to work with Date again seeing as the band had a good relationship with him and did not want to go through the pressure of trying to find a new producer. Cornell said that Shepherd brought a \"fresh and creative\" approach to the recording sessions, and the band as a whole said that his knowledge of music and writing skills redefined the band. Before joining, Soundgarden had been Shepherd's favorite band", "id": "5408204" }, { "contents": "Alison Stewart (As the World Turns)\n\n\nit alone, but Dusty would not give up and tried to sabotage Emily and Chris' happiness several times. He eventually revealed to Chris that Emily had been a prostitute a year before, and Chris was disgusted with Emily and broke up with her. He and Ali grew closer and eventually started to go on a date together. After this, Ali realized she was still in love with him, so she also came clean to him and showed him the DVD of her porn movie. She feared Chris would dump her,", "id": "16797060" }, { "contents": "Louder Than Love\n\n\nthe album's sound as a whole, Cornell stated that the album \"was just a few degrees too produced and too clean, although I wouldn't want to change any of it\". Steve Huey of AllMusic said that Soundgarden took \"a step toward the metal mainstream\" with \"a slow, grinding, detuned mountain of Sabbath/Zeppelin riffs and Chris Cornell wailing\". At the time the band was trying to avoid the \"heavy metal\" label, with guitarist Kim Thayil stating that the band's sound was", "id": "11108886" }, { "contents": "Chris Warner\n\n\ntheir relationship was yet to come, saying; \"It gets very rocky. And just when you think it's hit rock bottom it gets much, much worse.\" Chris was arrested for murder but eventually released, and the relationship suffered, with Bloomfield explaining: \"Rachel feels confused because she naively assumed everything would go back to normal post prison. And even though she knows it can't, it's her way of coping ... It's more about not recognizing Chris because he's changed and that scares her.", "id": "4351200" }, { "contents": "Katharine Cornell\n\n\ndid not feel that she was acting for historians or nostalgia fans of the future but for audiences of the here and now, people who came into the theatre tonight, sat in their seats and waited for the curtain to go up. Not only were they the ones she wanted to reach, but she wanted to be there when they responded, she did not want to be off in another part of the world while they gazed at a second-hand image on a screen. In fact, she was not sure she", "id": "20380573" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell (album)\n\n\n64 tracks, including 10 unreleased songs. Cornell's \"When Bad Does Good\" won a Grammy award in the Best Rock Performance category at the 61st Grammy Awards in 2019. In a statement, Cornell's wife Vicky said that she felt \"we needed to create a special collection to represent all of him – the friend, husband and father, the risk taker and innovator, the poet and artist. His soaring vocals found their way into the hearts and souls of so many. His voice was his vision and his", "id": "14020560" }, { "contents": "Naomi B. Robbins\n\n\nLabs. In 1962, she earned a master's degree from Cornell University with a thesis \"On a sequential process inspection scheme with an application to a detection problem\". She married optometrist Edward Robbins, and completed her studies with a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1971. Her dissertation was \"Some characteristics of Page's procedures for detecting a change in a location parameter\". She continued to work for many years at Bell Labs before going into private practice as a statistical consultant. In 2016 she was elected as a Fellow", "id": "11352926" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell (album)\n\n\nChris Cornell is a posthumous compilation album by American musician Chris Cornell, released on November 16, 2018. It compiles his solo work, as well as his work with his bands Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog, and Audioslave, and includes a new song titled \"When Bad Does Good\". The album was released in a variety of versions, including standard and deluxe versions in both digital (download and streaming) and physical formats (CD and vinyl), and a super deluxe box set that includes a total of", "id": "14020559" }, { "contents": "Lillian Cornell\n\n\nLillian Cornell (June 2, 1916 Chicago, Illinois - May 25, 2015 Miami, Florida) was an American singer on old-time radio and an actress in films in the early 1940s. Cornell was born Lillian Michuda June 2, 1916, in Chicago. Her name was changed to Lillian Cornell by studio executives when she began to act in films. In 1936, Cornell (billed as Lillian Michuda) had her own radio program on WCFL in her hometown of Chicago, Illinois. Three years later, she had", "id": "4130128" }, { "contents": "My Wave\n\n\n\"My Wave\" is a song by the American rock band Soundgarden. Featuring lyrics written by frontman Chris Cornell and music co-written by Cornell and guitarist Kim Thayil, \"My Wave\" was released in 1994 as the fourth single from the band's fourth studio album, \"Superunknown\" (1994). The song peaked at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. \"My Wave\" features lyrics written by frontman Chris Cornell and music co-written by Cornell and guitarist Kim Thayil. The", "id": "12337693" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell discography\n\n\nThe discography of Chris Cornell, an American rock musician, consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, and 18 singles. This list does not include material recorded by Cornell with Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog, or Audioslave. Cornell is best known as the lead singer, guitarist and songwriter for the rock bands Soundgarden (1984–1997, 2010–2017) and Audioslave (2001–2007), and for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions (1998–2017). He was the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one", "id": "1312343" }, { "contents": "Scream (Chris Cornell album)\n\n\nFar Away\". This version was not a remix, but a completely new recording, produced by Jordon Zadorozny. It has yet to be released for purchase, but has been, with permission from Cornell himself, made available for streaming by Alan Cross. In October 2009, it was reported that Cornell was working with Jordon Zadorozny and Michael Friedman to rework the entire \"Scream\" album but then Chris rejoined Soundgarden. No further development on the project had been made between Cornell rejoining Soundgarden and his death on May 18,", "id": "13723978" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nStockholm, is widely available for download under the title \"Chris Cornell: Unplugged in Sweden\". A promotional CD for his solo album, \"Carry On\", was released in March 2007, titled \"The Roads We Choose – A Retrospective\". The 17-song CD included songs from Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog, Audioslave and Cornell's solo work. On June 5, 2007, Cornell released his second solo album, \"Carry On\", produced by Steve Lillywhite. It debuted at number 17 on the American", "id": "5177376" }, { "contents": "Rachel McKenna\n\n\nhave a baby, but according to Bloomfield, Rachel thought it was, \"a stupid idea. She can't have children and she doesn't want them. She had a terrible upbringing and isn't prepared to risk raising a child.\" Instead Chris proposed to Rachel to which she declined, Bloomfield believed the two could work it out, \"I think love will prevail for the pair of them, but Rachel's still going to be herself. She's not going to change for him. She's making a", "id": "19870685" }, { "contents": "Projekt Revolution\n\n\nreleasing it in a DVD/CD combo pack as soon as we can get it done\". \"Europe:\" Setlist Setlist \"US:\" Linkin Park changed the set-lists up a little bit, giving new intros and outros to a few songs and playing \"We Made It\" every show, until Busta Rhymes left the tour. Chris Cornell also collaborated with the band by singing on \"Crawling\". Also Chester Bennington performed \"Hunger Strike\" with Cornell. Street Drum Corps also performed a few songs", "id": "19550803" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nmost personal songs ever on this album, influenced by the positive changes in his life since 2002. He also described the album as more varied than the debut and relying less on heavy guitar riffs. Critics initially described Audioslave as an amalgamation of Rage Against the Machine and Soundgarden, but by the band's second album, \"Out of Exile\", noted that they had established a separate identity. The album was received more favorably than Audioslave's debut; critics noted Cornell's stronger vocals, likely the result of quitting smoking", "id": "5177391" }, { "contents": "The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\n\n\nband Soundgarden. \"Spin\" described the track as \"sounding a lot more like modern-day Peter Gabriel than Soundgarden and Audioslave.\" Cornell explained that the change in sound was an effort to fit the themes of movie, stating: The song is described as having gentle, acoustic verses leading into a powerful chorus containing a \"lush orchestral\" sound. The song's only live performance implemented a grand piano part as well. Consequence of Sound praised the song for being \"equal parts grace and poignancy\" and specifically", "id": "6442021" }, { "contents": "Carry On (Chris Cornell album)\n\n\nCarry On is the second solo studio album by American musician Chris Cornell. It was released on May 28, 2007, in the United Kingdom and June 5, 2007, in the United States. This album is Cornell's second after \"Euphoria Mourning\" in 1999, and his first since leaving his former band Audioslave. As of September 4, 2007, the album has sold 121,000 copies in the US and 300,000 copies worldwide. \"Carry On\" was produced by Steve Lillywhite. Among the artists who accompanied Cornell on", "id": "1856094" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nThe album was largely panned by critics, but was the highest charting album of Cornell's solo career, reaching No. 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. On April 2, 2009, Cornell took over Atlanta Rock station, Project 961, WKLS. For 24 hours the station became \"Chris-FM\" and included a two-hour special of Cornell DJing and playing his favorite songs of his career with the stories behind them leading up to a rebroadcast of his solo show from the previous night. On September 11", "id": "5177381" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nand Silver divorced in 2004. In December 2008, Cornell reported via his official website that he had finally won back his collection of 15 guitars after a four-year court battle with Silver. In 2004, he married Vicky Karayiannis, a Paris-based American publicist of Greek heritage. The couple had a daughter together, Toni, in September 2004, and a son, Christopher Nicholas, in December 2005. In 2012, the Cornells created the Chris and Vicky Cornell Foundation which works for homeless, poor, abused or", "id": "5177431" }, { "contents": "Ruth Roemer\n\n\nwhere Ruth spent the rest of her youth. Rosebaum attended Cornell University and graduated in 1936 with a BA degree in English. She planned to teach, but changed her mind after traveling to post-WWI Europe with the American Student Union. Motivated by her travel experiences, upon her return she resolved to do something \"socially relevant.\" She returned to Cornell University to study law, graduating from Cornell University Law School in 1939. While attending law school, Roemer co-edited the Cornell Journal of Opinion with fellow student", "id": "157784" }, { "contents": "Flowers in the Attic (2014 film)\n\n\n2015. In the late 1950s, the Dollanganger children — 14-year-old Chris, 12-year-old Cathy, 5-year-old twins Carrie and Cory — live happily with their parents, Christopher and Corrine, in Pennsylvania. This changes when Christopher dies in a car crash, leaving the family devastated and heavily in debt. Four months later, Corrine announces they are going to go live with her wealthy parents in Virginia. She explains that she was estranged from her parents and changed her last name because of this. On arrival", "id": "17705280" }, { "contents": "Iris F. Litt\n\n\nDr. Iris F Litt is a doctor, professor, and medical director that specializes in pediatrics and adolescent health. She has achieved multiple honors and continues to change the medical field through her teaching and her research in different areas of adolescent and pediatric health. Iris F. Litt was born in 1940 in Brooklyn, New York. She began her passion for medicine at a young age when she would go with her father, a general practitioner, to house calls. After high school, she attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York", "id": "4492324" }, { "contents": "Songbook (Chris Cornell album)\n\n\nSongbook is an acoustic live album by American musician and Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell, released on November 21, 2011. The live album features songs recorded during Cornell's Songbook Tour, an acoustic solo tour which took place from March to May 2011 in the US and Canada, and is his first live album as a solo artist. The songs on the tour varied in every show, and the album was recorded during various shows on the tour, and includes songs from Cornell's whole career: solo material, Soundgarden songs,", "id": "4519476" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\ndetermined the timeline was accurate, and the bodyguard's story checked out. On November 1, 2018, Vicky Cornell and her children filed suit in Los Angeles Superior Court, claiming that Dr. Robert Koblin \"negligently and repeatedly\" prescribed \"dangerous mind-altering controlled substances to Chris Cornell which impaired Mr. Cornell's cognition, clouded his judgment, and caused him to engage in dangerous impulsive behaviors that he was unable to control, costing him his life.\" The suit claims Koblin prescribed Lorazepam over a period of 20 months without", "id": "5177464" }, { "contents": "Sara Winifred Brown\n\n\nabsence to attend Cornell University in 1894. At Cornell, she lived at Sage College dormitory, which three decades later changed its policy and barred residency to women of color. At Cornell, she became interested in biology, graduating with a BS in biology in 1897. She returned to DC and taught biology. She then enrolled in Howard University, receiving her MD in 1904. After receiving her MD from Howard, she entered medical practice but continued to pursue her educational interests in sociology and anthropology. In 1908, Howard University", "id": "11606997" }, { "contents": "M. Carey Thomas\n\n\n. After a great deal of pleading from both Thomas and her mother, her father relented. Thomas went to Sage College, a women's school at Cornell University, in September, 1875, where she formally changed her first name to Carey. She graduated from Cornell University in 1877. Cornell offered her both the position of professor of literature and dean of Sage College, but she did not consider either. She did graduate work in Greek at Johns Hopkins University, but withdrew because she was not permitted to attend classes.", "id": "7910548" }, { "contents": "Cornell University\n\n\nInstitute for Public Affairs' \"Cornell Policy Review\", the \"International Law Journal\", the \"Journal of Law and Public Policy\", the \"International Affairs Review\", and the \"HR Review\". \"Physical Review\", recognized internationally as among the best and well known journals of physics, was founded at Cornell in 1893 before being later managed by the American Physical Society. Cornell, a research university, is ranked fourth in the world in producing the largest number of graduates who go on to pursue", "id": "18020311" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nthat \"Revelations\" was \"the first record [Cornell] didn't smoke, drink, or take drugs through the recording.\" However, Morello said: \"Chris was stone sober during the making of our \"Out of Exile\" album. Chris was also sober during the making of \"Revelations\" and prior to recording he gave up smoking as well. I apologize for any confusion or concern that was stirred up by the original article. Sobriety can be a matter of life or death and Chris's courage in", "id": "5177397" }, { "contents": "Aidan Foster\n\n\n, but Aidan lies about going, before rescheduling the meeting. The hospital board later lift his suspension. Chris becomes frustrated with Aidan's habit of refusing help with his problems. When Aidan goes back on his promise to be more open, Chris breaks up with him. Aidan tries to get Chris to change his mind and asks him to move in with him, but Chris turns him down. A month after Morley's casting announcement, Bower revealed that she had seen letters from viewers and other members of the public commenting", "id": "18822909" }, { "contents": "Jennie McGraw\n\n\n, and the remainder of her property to the University, estimated at at least $1 million, for whatever use it saw fit. The University's charter limited its property holdings to $3 million, but a New York State law on May 12, 1882 changed the Cornell University Charter removing the limit. Another state law disallowed more than one half of a woman's estate go to charity if she was married when she died. Fiske became quite angry when he learned of the law and that it had not been mentioned", "id": "8005843" }, { "contents": "Cake Man Raven\n\n\nparties. He started a cake business called \"All Occasion Cakes\" and planned to go to graduate school at Cornell University, but his plans changed with his grandmother died in December 1989. He returned to Johnson & Wales University to pursue a master's degree in education. He spent some time working at a stockbrokerage firm, but found he did not enjoy the work. He has also carved ice sculptures, which has been featured in the World Trade Center's Windows of the World and during the 1986 and 1988 Grammy Award", "id": "20838062" }, { "contents": "Cornell Law School\n\n\nWorld Report\" Law School rankings and 5th in the 2019 \"Above the Law\" rankings. The Master of Laws (LL.M.) program at Cornell Law School was ranked 1st in the 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2011 AUAP rankings. In 2017, the National Law Journal ranked Cornell 4th on its list of \"Go-To\" law schools that excel in placing graduates at the top 250 law firms. Cornell has the third lowest student-to-faculty ratio (10.4 to 1) of ABA–accredited law", "id": "17511109" }, { "contents": "Hunger Strike (song)\n\n\n\"Hunger Strike\" is a song by the American rock band Temple of the Dog. Written by vocalist Chris Cornell, \"Hunger Strike\" was released in 1991 as the first single from the band's sole studio album, \"Temple of the Dog\" (1991). It was Temple of the Dog's most popular song. The song peaked at number four on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. \"Hunger Strike\" was written by vocalist Chris Cornell. It features a duet between Cornell and vocalist Eddie", "id": "19411686" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nconcert in Inglewood, Calif., on May 16, 2018. On the one year anniversary of Cornell's death on May 18, 2018, Alice in Chains paid tribute to him covering two Soundgarden songs, \"Hunted Down\" and \"Boot Camp\", respectively, closing their headlining set at the Rock on the Range festival in Columbus, Ohio. Towards the end of \"Boot Camp\", the lights on stage spelled out \"CC\" for Chris Cornell and \"SG\" for Soundgarden as feedback rang out. Soundgarden", "id": "5177478" }, { "contents": "The Getaway World Tour\n\n\nsince September 2016. At the band's show of May 18, 2017 in Indianapolis, Josh performed a cover of \"Seasons\" by Chris Cornell. Cornell, the front man for Soundgarden and Audioslave, was found dead earlier that day. At the band's show on May 28, 2017 in Edmonton they performed \"Dosed\" for the first time ever. It was teased in the past but the song had never been performed in its entirety since it was released in 2002. Zach Irons, son of founding Chili Peppers", "id": "15399846" }, { "contents": "1994 BDO World Darts Championship\n\n\nRichie Gardner, Jocky Wilson, Eric Bristow, Keith Deller, John Lowe, Bob Anderson, Cliff Lazarenko, Kevin Spiolek, Jamie Harvey, Mike Gregory and Chris Johns were the players who formed the WDC and therefore did not participate at these 1994 Championships. Mike Gregory and Chris Johns eventually decided to go back to the BDO, but were unable to play in the 1994 BDO World Championship as their change of heart came too late for them to be able to qualify. Of the 32 players who took part in the 1994", "id": "3957342" }, { "contents": "Rachel McKenna\n\n\nof their relationship was yet to come, saying; \"It gets very rocky. And just when you think it's hit rock bottom it gets much, much worse.\" Chris was arrested for murder but eventually released, and the relationship suffered, with Bloomfield explaining: \"Rachel feels confused because she naively assumed everything would go back to normal post prison. And even though she knows it can't, it's her way of coping ... It's more about not recognizing Chris because he's changed and that scares her", "id": "19870683" }, { "contents": "Katharine Cornell\n\n\n's greatest play and that Miss Cornell is superb in it. She is beautiful to look at and her performance is enkindled by the spiritual exaltation of a transcendent heroine.\" It was in this play that Cornell's real artistry became apparent. Audience members talked of having been \"changed\" by her performance, and \"mesmerized.\" Writer S.N. Behrman said \"it was something essential in herself, as a person, that the audiences sensed and reached out to.\" Another said that she was like \"radium, flashing", "id": "20380596" }, { "contents": "Muriel Cornell\n\n\nMuriel Amy Cornell (born Gunn; 27 September 1906 – 8 March 1996) was a British athlete and world record holder for the long jump. Cornell was born in 1906 in Mitcham, then part of Surrey, to Frederick William Gunn and Beatrice Minnie, née Loosemore. She married Stanley Herbert Cornell, a brush manufacturer, in August 1928. She became a founder member of the ladies' section of Mitcham Athletic Club in 1926 at the age of 19. At the British Games in London in August, she broke the", "id": "12969262" }, { "contents": "King Animal\n\n\nIt is also Soundgarden's final studio album to be released before the death of frontman Chris Cornell in 2017, and the subsequent dissolution of the band. In January 2010, Chris Cornell announced Soundgarden had reunited, 13 years following their break-up. At first the band was just interested in relearning the old songs and playing them live, but Cornell declared that \"It would be exciting to record one song, to hear how Soundgarden-ish that might be this much time later.\" The first studio work for the", "id": "19337546" }, { "contents": "Ben Shepherd\n\n\n, \"Taree\" and \"Attrition\", and two collaborations with Cornell, \"Been Away Too Long\" and \"Rowing\". The band continued to tour frequently, arranging time around Matt Cameron's schedule in Pearl Jam, and Chris Cornell's acoustic tours. In 2014 the band released a reissue of their 1994 album \"Superunknown\" as part of its twentieth anniversary and has toured with drummer Matt Chamberlain filling in for Cameron. On May 17, 2017, Chris Cornell was found dead in his hotel room, cancelling", "id": "4306031" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\non the morning of May 18, 2017, after performing at a Soundgarden concert an hour earlier at the Fox Theater. His death was ruled a suicide by hanging. Cornell was born Christopher John Boyle on July 20, 1964, in Seattle, Washington, where he was raised. His parents are Edward F. Boyle, a pharmacist of Irish-Catholic background, and Karen Cornell, an accountant and psychic of Jewish background. After his parents' divorce when he was a teenager, Chris and his siblings adopted their mother's", "id": "5177348" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nreal proud of it – because one, I didn't write it, and two, it was such a nice way to be ushered onto vinyl for the first time. I'm indebted to Chris time eternal for being invited onto that track.\" During a 2003 Pearl Jam show at the Santa Barbara Bowl, Cornell appeared as a surprise guest. After playing a short acoustic set, Cornell joined Vedder and the rest of the band to perform \"Hunger Strike\" and \"Reach Down\". On October 6, 2009", "id": "5177404" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\n\", with the inscription \"For Chris\" on the vinyl version of the album, which was released on September 22, 2017. Cornell heard the album two months before his death and was very supportive of Cameron's solo debut. The movie \"American Satan\", released in October 2017, paid tribute to Cornell and other artists who have died since production on the movie began with a music video featuring the band portrayed in the film, \"The Relentless\", playing a cover of Neil Young's song \"Hey", "id": "5177475" }, { "contents": "Chris Cornell\n\n\nwas known as 'The Voice' because he had the best voice in rock and roll. I was lucky enough to write and record two songs with him. His death comes as a total shock to all of us. 'Black Hole Sun' will live on as a classic, and his is a true legacy of rock and roll.\" Soon after Cornell's death, Living Colour guitarist Vernon Reid added: \"There are barely any words to describe my grief over the loss of Chris Cornell...His impact as", "id": "5177489" }, { "contents": "Ty Cobb (song)\n\n\n\"Ty Cobb\" is a song by the American rock band Soundgarden. Featuring lyrics written by frontman Chris Cornell and music written by bassist Ben Shepherd, \"Ty Cobb\" was released in April 1997 as the fourth single from the band's fourth studio album, \"Down on the Upside\" (1996). The song was included on Soundgarden's 1997 greatest hits album, \"A-Sides\". \"Ty Cobb\" features lyrics written by frontman Chris Cornell and music written by bassist Ben Shepherd. Cornell and Shepherd", "id": "7590348" }, { "contents": "Paula Jones (audio engineer)\n\n\n. She started asking questions to the engineers at every gig. Jones started her career at Sydney's Rhinoceros Recording Studios where she worked with producers and artists including Chris Thomas, David Nicholas and INXS. She was asked to go to London to assist on a mix Air Studios when she was 22. In London, she continued working with Chris Thomas engineering for artists such as Elton John and with producers Dave Stewart Eurythmics) and Martin Chambers (The Pretenders). She has worked out of world class studios including AIR Lyndhurst (", "id": "8368501" }, { "contents": "Part of Me (Chris Cornell song)\n\n\nafter a girl (and a possible 'fling'): \"I want the girl but I want a lot, Might cross my mind but that's where it stops.\" Cornell explains to an established lover that \"But I swear it never meant a thing, she was just a fling.\" A music video for this song has been made for Canadian, UK and Ireland release. However, the video is available in other European countries. Timbaland makes a cameo in the video. The video also features cameo", "id": "20244023" }, { "contents": "Garbage (album)\n\n\ninterview with Yahoo! that the song \"Fix Me Now\" was originally titled \"Chris Cornell\", because she was obsessed with the lead singer of Soundgarden. A demo version of the song features Manson singing Cornell's name. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic stated that the album \"has all the trappings of alternative rock—off-kilter arrangements, occasional bursts of noise, a female singer with a thin, airy voice, but it comes off as pop\" because of Vig's \"glossy production\". Erlewine characterized", "id": "4222686" }, { "contents": "William Elliott Whitmore\n\n\n\" is about how an oil pipeline running from South Dakota to Illinois was going to go through his grandmother's property on their farm. In April 2018, Whitmore signed with Bloodshot Records, with a new release expected in the fall of 2018. The 2018 record is a covers record called \"Kilonova.\" Covers include songs by Bad Religion, Bill Withers, Captain Beefheart, Johnny Cash, The Magnetic Fields, and ZZ Top. Whitmore has toured with Chris Cornell, City and Colour, Murder by Death, Clutch,", "id": "1245688" }, { "contents": "Scream (Chris Cornell album)\n\n\nCornell when both Nine Inch Nails and Soundgarden announced a co-headlining tour. All songs written by Chris Cornell, Timothy Mosley and Jerome Harmon, additional writing credits below. There are currently two \"Scream\" tracks that have had \"Rock Versions\" of them released. The first being an alternate version of \"Long Gone\", produced by Howard Benson, which was accompanied by an official music video directed by DJ Skee's Skee.tv. The second track to come to light was a \"Rock Version\" of \"Never", "id": "13723977" }, { "contents": "Slaves & Bulldozers\n\n\n's contributions, one of which included this song, helped make (according to Thayil) \"Badmotorfinger\" faster and weirder. Though never released as a single, the song has been applauded for Chris Cornell's outstanding vocals on it. Producer Rick Rubin played the song for the former instrumentalist members of Rage Against the Machine, to showcase Cornell's strong vocal ability before he joined them to form Audioslave. In a fan poll conducted by Revolver, \"Slaves & Bulldozers\" was voted the second best of Chris Cornell's vocal", "id": "14163038" }, { "contents": "Hunger Strike (song)\n\n\n\"Wish you Were Here\" was also performed by the members of Stone Sour to celebrate Cornell's memory. In remembrance and honor of Chris Cornell, Umphrey's McGee covered 'Hunger Strike' on 5/18/2017 at the NorVa in Norfolk, VA . the song was performed within their own song, Der Bluten Kat to open the second set. All songs written by Chris Cornell, except where noted: 7\" vinyl (Germany and UK), 7\" promotional vinyl (UK), CD (Australia), and Cassette", "id": "19411705" } ]

[ { "contents": "Crown Las Vegas\n\n\nCrown Las Vegas, previously known as the Las Vegas Tower, was a proposed supertall skyscraper that would have been built on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada. If built, the tower would have been tall, making it the tallest building in the United States and 5th tallest in the world. After two major redesigns, the project was cancelled in March 2008. Crown Las Vegas, as originally planned, would have consisted of a casino, a hotel and an observation deck. The tower would have been built on", "id": "4865765" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\nThe city of Las Vegas, Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises, 42 of which stand taller than . The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower, which rises just north of the Las Vegas Strip. The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States. Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable, however, it is not considered a building. The tallest building in Las Vegas is The Drew Las Vegas, which", "id": "3852147" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\nThe tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center, which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas. The tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world's jewelry industry, across from World Market Center Las Vegas. The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is The Drew Las Vegas, which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently planned to open in 2020. This list", "id": "3852150" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\nranks completed and topped out skyscrapers in Las Vegas that stand at least 400 feet (122 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details, but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The \"Year\" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Freestanding observation towers, while not habitable buildings, are included for comparison purposes, but not ranked. Many Las Vegas skyscrapers are located on", "id": "3852151" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Denver\n\n\nrank among the tallest in the United States. Overall, the skyline of Denver is ranked (based upon existing and under construction buildings over tall) second in the Mountain States (after Las Vegas) and seventeenth in the United States. , there are 190 completed high-rises in the city. The tallest building recently completed in Denver is the Four Seasons Hotel and Tower, which rises 45 stories and . It now stands as the fourth-tallest building in Denver as well as the city's tallest residential tower. Currently", "id": "2156270" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\n, but has been topped out There is one building under construction in the Las Vegas Valley that is planned to rise at least 100 meters (328 ft). This lists buildings that are approved or proposed in the Las Vegas Valley and are planned to rise at least 100 meters (328 ft). This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Las Vegas as well as the current titleholder, the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas. The Stratosphere Tower has been the tallest free-standing structure in the city since", "id": "3852153" }, { "contents": "Las Vegas in the 1950s\n\n\nfirst racially integrated hotel was opened on 24 May 24, 1955. In June 1955, Noël Coward was paid a reported $160,000 for a 4-week nightclub performance at the Desert Inn. The New Frontier Hotel was the venue of Elvis Presley's first shows in Las Vegas from 23 April 1956. The 12-story tall Fremont Hotel and Casino located on 200 Fremont Street opened on 18 May 1956 and was then the tallest building in downtown Las Vegas for several years. It was designed by architect Wayne McAllister, and at the time of", "id": "5311112" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Nevada\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Nevada ranks buildings in the state of Nevada by tallest height. This list, which includes buildings with a minimum height of , features the 57 tallest buildings in the state, starting at 260 feet. The tallest structure in the state is the Stratosphere Tower in Las Vegas, with a height of . The tower, located north of the Las Vegas Strip, is also the tallest observation tower in the United States. Because the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable, it is not considered a building", "id": "4001802" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Nevada\n\n\n. The tallest building in the state is the unfinished Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas, with a height of ; the building was topped out in November 2008, but was put on hold the following year. Nevada's tallest completed building is the 52-story Palazzo, which stands at and was completed in 2007. Outside of Las Vegas, the tallest building is the 38-floor Silver Legacy Resort & Casino, located in Reno and completed in 1995, with a height of . An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates a shared height between", "id": "4001803" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Portland, Oregon\n\n\nconstruction buildings over tall, second in the Northwestern United States (after Seattle), fifth in the Pacific Coast region (after Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle and Las Vegas), and 22nd in the United States. , there are 29 high-rises in Portland that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. , there is one building under construction in Portland that is planned to rise at least . , there are two proposed", "id": "1685337" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Nevada\n\n\ntwo or more buildings. The \"Year\" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Freestanding observation towers, while not habitable buildings, are included for comparison purposes but not ranked. From 1927 to 1956, most of the state's tallest buildings were located in Reno. Since 1956, the state's tallest buildings have been located in the Las Vegas Valley, beginning with the opening of the Fremont Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. The Stratosphere Tower, completed in 1996, is excluded from this timeline.", "id": "4001804" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\n1997. Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present; of the city's 40 tallest skyscrapers, 39 were completed after 1997. As of 2012, the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises. In what is being dubbed a \"Manhattanization wave\", there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed, approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over in height.", "id": "3852149" }, { "contents": "The D Las Vegas\n\n\nThe D Las Vegas Casino Hotel is a 34-story, 638-room hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas Nevada, owned and operated by Derek and Greg Stevens. The D is located at the eastern end of the Fremont Street Experience. It has a casino, several restaurants, a business center, and a pool. The casino now has more than 1,000 slot machines and 22 table games located on two floors. It is the tallest building in downtown Las Vegas and the second-tallest inside the city limits, having been surpassed by", "id": "9480938" }, { "contents": "The Drew Las Vegas\n\n\nThe Drew Las Vegas (formerly known as Fontainebleau Las Vegas) is an unfinished resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip on the site previously occupied by the El Rancho Hotel and Casino and the Algiers Hotel in Winchester, Nevada. Excluding the nearby Stratosphere observation tower, the Drew's 63-floor, 735-foot hotel building is the tallest building in Las Vegas and in the state. The project was announced as Fontainebleau Las Vegas in May 2005, with initial plans to begin construction by March 2006, and to have the resort opened by", "id": "13039447" }, { "contents": "Stratosphere Las Vegas\n\n\nTower in Toronto, Ontario. It is the tallest tower west of the Mississippi River and also the tallest structure in Las Vegas and in the state of Nevada. The hotel is a separate building with 24 stories, 2,427 rooms and an casino. The Stratosphere is owned and operated by Golden Entertainment, which acquired the resort and three other properties from American Casino & Entertainment Properties for $850 million. The Stratosphere is located within the city limits of Las Vegas, and is sometimes considered to be the northernmost resort on the Las", "id": "12620460" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\nthe Las Vegas Strip, the majority of which is located outside the Las Vegas city limits. This list includes all skyscrapers which are included within the city limits of Las Vegas and the surrounding communities which use Las Vegas as an official address. The United States Postal Service uses \"Las Vegas, NV\" as the official mailing address for the unincorporated places of Paradise, Winchester, and Spring Valley, and as such the distinction between the city and the surrounding communities is often not apparent. * indicates building is still under construction", "id": "3852152" }, { "contents": "Torre de la Rosaleda\n\n\nThe Torre de la Rosaleda (Tower of the Rose Garden) is a 107-meter (351 ft) tall building in La Rosa District of the city of Ponferrada, Spain. It is the tallest building in the city of Ponferrada and all of Castile and León. Construction began in 2006 and finished in 2009 by Grupo Begar León group. It is 30 floors and 107 meters tall and has a distinctive shape with projections both east and west on several upper floors. It is the tallest building in the province. . The Tower", "id": "13752800" }, { "contents": "Bluewaters Island\n\n\noutlets in the ground level of residential buildings and entertainment section of the island. The total number of residential buildings on the island is 10. Each of these is considered mid-rise and features 15 stories or less. Bluewaters Island will feature the AED 1 billion ($270m) Dubai Eye, a tall giant Ferris wheel. If completed, it will be taller than the current world's tallest Ferris wheel, the High Roller, which opened in Las Vegas in March 2014, and taller than the New York Wheel", "id": "7273779" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas\n\n\nrises and was topped out in November 2008. This building, however, remained unfinished for several years due to the late-2000s recession. The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo, which rises and was completed in 2007. Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961, high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip. The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than was the New York-New York Hotel & Casino, completed in", "id": "3852148" }, { "contents": "Allure Las Vegas\n\n\nand Casino was ultimately built on the adjacent property. Positioned on Sahara Avenue, the southernmost boundary of Las Vegas, Allure was the tallest residential building within the city of Las Vegas when it was completed in 2007. In 1987, developer Andrew Fonfa purchased five acres on West Sahara Avenue, near the northern end of the Las Vegas Strip. At the time, Fonfa planned to build a hotel on the property, as he expected Circus Circus Enterprises to construct the Excalibur Hotel and Casino nearby, thus increasing tourism for the northern", "id": "16801915" }, { "contents": "Polercoaster\n\n\nset by Six Flags Great Adventure's \"Kingda Ka\"; it will feature the world's tallest inversion, surpassing the inversion on Cedar Point's \"GateKeeper\"; and it will be among the longest roller coasters in the world, with a track length of approximately . \"ABC News\" reported in June 2013 that a third installation has been proposed for the Las Vegas Strip, standing tall. In May 2015, Wallack Holdings, who is developing the Orlando Polercoaster, was reported to be in talks to build a Polercoaster", "id": "12068972" }, { "contents": "Gran Torre Santiago\n\n\n, it overtook the neighboring Titanium La Portada to become the tallest building in Chile. In February 2011, \"La Segunda\" daily reported that, at 226 m tall, the tower had overtaken Caracas's Twin Towers to become the tallest building in South America, while \"La Tercera\" newspaper reported in February 2012 that it had achieved that feat on 12 April 2011. Structural work on the tower was completed in July 2011 and the maximum height of 300m was achieved on 14 February 2012, becoming the tallest building in", "id": "979013" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Abidjan\n\n\nAbidjan is the largest city in Ivory Coast. In Abidjan, there are 10 buildings that stand taller than . The tallest building in the city is the 30-storey, La Cité Administrative Tour D. The second-tallest building in the city is the Tour Postel 2001, standing at tall with 26 storeys. Abidjan's history of skyscrapers began with the Ivoire InterContinental Abidjan Hotel Tower I (1969), La Pyramide Building (1973), and Immeuble SCIAM in 1975. Buildings in the city remained relatively short in the city until the", "id": "15081942" }, { "contents": "List of condominiums in Las Vegas\n\n\nrise condominiums had increased by that time. Demand for high-rise homes on the Las Vegas Strip was projected to increase because of the opening of the T-Mobile Arena, as well as the announcement of an NHL expansion franchise and discussions about a potential NFL team in Las Vegas. Allure was announced in January 2005, and began construction in September 2005. Allure, located west of the Las Vegas Strip, was completed in December 2007, and was the tallest residential building within Las Vegas city limits at that time,", "id": "19029152" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Saskatoon\n\n\nSaskatoon is the largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. In Saskatoon, there are seven buildings that stand taller than 60 metres (198 ft). The tallest building in the city is the 24-storey, La Renaissance Apartments. The second-tallest building in the city is the Hallmark Place, standing at tall with 27 storeys. , the city contains four skyscrapers over and 44 high-rise buildings that exceed in height. The tallest development that it slated to go under construction in Saskatoon is the River Landing Nutrien tower. At", "id": "10849451" }, { "contents": "Stratosphere Las Vegas\n\n\nThe Stratosphere Las Vegas (formerly Vegas World) is a hotel, casino and tower located on Las Vegas Boulevard just north of the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. On February 1, 2019, Golden Entertainment, owners of Stratosphere, announced the resort will be rebranded to The STRAT Hotel, Casino and SkyPod. The property's signature attraction is the Stratosphere Tower, the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States, and the second-tallest in the Western Hemisphere, surpassed only by the CN", "id": "12620459" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Austin, Texas\n\n\nThe tallest completed building in the U.S. city of Austin, Texas is the 58-story Independent, which is tall. Completed in 2019, it is the tallest building in Texas outside of Houston and Dallas and the tallest all-residential tower west of the Mississippi River. The second-tallest building is The Austonian, which stands tall; this is followed by the Fairmont Austin at tall and the 360 Condominiums, which stands 581 ft (177 m) tall and was Austin's tallest from 2008 to 2010. The fifth-tallest", "id": "17663959" }, { "contents": "Las Vegas in the 1950s\n\n\nIn December 1958, Greenbaum and his wife were murdered in their Phoenix, Arizona home, reportedly on the orders of either Meyer Lansky or Tony Accardo. The Gaming Control Board was set up by the Nevada Tax Commission on 29 March 1955. The Riviera, a nine storied building then the tallest in Las Vegas opened 20 April 20, 1955. Las Vegas celebrated its 50th anniversary on 15 May. The Dunes was the 10th resort on The Strip, which opened on 23 May 1955. The Moulin Rouge, Las Vegas, the", "id": "5311111" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Fort Lauderdale\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Fort Lauderdale ranks skyscrapers in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, by height. The heights of buildings includes architectural details (permanent parts) but excludes antennas. The tallest building in the city of Fort Lauderdale is the Las Olas River House Phase I, which is 138 m (452 feet) tall and has 42 floors. Despite being the largest city in Broward County, the tallest building in the county is actually the Beach Club Tower 2 in Hallandale Beach. This article lists most downtown buildings taller than", "id": "7181341" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Vancouver\n\n\nwith the line of sight to the North Shore Mountains, the downtown skyline, and the waters of English Bay and the Strait of Georgia. The tallest building in Vancouver is the 62-storey, Living Shangri-La and represents the city's efforts to add visual interest into Vancouver's skyline. The Private Residences at Hotel Georgia completed in 2012 at and 48 stories is currently the third-tallest in the city. One Wall Centre, at tall, with 48 storeys, is currently the city's fourth tallest building. One Wall", "id": "19835184" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Guangzhou lists skyscrapers in Guangzhou, China by height. The tallest building in Guangzhou is currently Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, which stands tall. It is also the third-tallest building in China and the seventh-tallest in the world. Though generally not considered as a building, standing tall, Canton Tower is tallest structure in Guangzhou. This lists ranks Guangzhou skyscrapers that stand at least 150 m (492 feet) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but", "id": "4276008" }, { "contents": "Turnberry Place\n\n\nconstruction, they were tied for the 10th tallest buildings in Las Vegas. As of 2009, they were the 20th tallest building in the area. It is the largest and tallest condominium complex in the state of Nevada. The Stirling Club was marketed as the centerpiece of Turnberry Place. The private club included a bar and lounge, a swimming pool and spa, tennis courts, a fitness center, and a cigar and wine room. The club also once included a restaurant operated by chef Charlie Palmer. The club opened in", "id": "16689642" }, { "contents": "1000 Lake Shore Plaza\n\n\n1000 Lake Shore Plaza is a 590 ft (180m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1964 and has 55 floors. Sidney Morris designed the building, which is the 47th tallest in Chicago. When it was completed, it was claimed as the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world, but the Tour de la Bourse in Montreal was completed the same year, thus taking the title. The tower was also the tallest building in Chicago with balconies until the Park Tower was completed in 1999.", "id": "11831680" }, { "contents": "Trump International Hotel Las Vegas\n\n\nexterior glass is infused with gold. Tower 1 opened on March 31, 2008, with 1,282 rooms. It has two restaurants: DJT, the developer's initials, and a poolside restaurant, H2(eau). Trump announced that a second, identical tower would be built next to the first tower, but the plan was suspended after the mid-2000s recession. It is Las Vegas's tallest residential building at . In September 2012, the Trump Organization announced that it sold roughly 300 condominium units in Trump International Hotel Las Vegas to Hilton", "id": "16898430" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Beijing\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Beijing ranks skyscrapers in Beijing, the capital city of the People's Republic of China, by height. The tallest completed building in Beijing is currently the 81-storey China World Trade Centre Tower III at tall. The second-tallest building in the city is the Fortune Plaza Office Building 1, which stands tall with 63 stories. and the third-tallest is the Park Hyatt Tower, standing at , also containing 63 stories. The Park Tower is the tallest building out of the three-building", "id": "5533800" }, { "contents": "10 Holloway Circus\n\n\n10 Holloway Circus (also referred to as the Holloway Circus Tower or Beetham Tower) is a tall mixed-use skyscraper in Birmingham city centre, England. It was originally named after the developers, Beetham Organisation, and was designed by Ian Simpson and built by Laing O'Rourke. The entire development covers an area of . It is the tallest occupied building in Birmingham and the 30th tallest building in the United Kingdom. It has 39 floors, and is the second tallest structure in the city after the British Telecom Tower. The", "id": "5745411" }, { "contents": "Torre de la Escollera\n\n\nTorre de la Escollera was a tall residential skyscraper with 58 floors planned to be built in Cartagena, Colombia. The under construction building suffered severe structural damage during a storm on May 13, 2007, and was dismantled later that year. Had it been completed, it would have been the tallest building in Colombia. The design of the Torre de la Escollera called for a slender tower, tall with 58 floors. It would have been divided into 88 apartments, with the upper floors having just one apartment per floor, topped", "id": "15920588" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Europe by year\n\n\nto the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Only the tallest 20 completed buildings in Europe are included. This is a list of the future tallest buildings in Europe. Buildings included are the tallest completed or under construction buildings in Europe, with approved, proposed, or otherwise buildings being excluded. Heights are measured to the structural height, which includes architectural elements, but not communications spires or antennas. All measurements are according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Only the future tallest 19 buildings in Europe are", "id": "11693287" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Croatia\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Croatia ranks buildings in Croatia by official height. The tallest building in Croatia is currently the tall Zagreb Cathedral. West Gate Tower B in Split is set to become Croatia's tallest building upon completion. West Gate Tower B will have 27 floors and it will be 130 meters tall, it is scheduled to be completed after Q3 2018. The tallest structure in Croatia is the chimney of the Plomin Power Station in Plomin, Istria. The tallest Croatian skyscraper is Poslovni centar Strojarska in Zagreb, it", "id": "4627092" }, { "contents": "Torre La Sagrera\n\n\nTorre La Sagrera also Sagrera Tower also Torre del Triangulo Ferroviario was a failed skyscraper project designed by Frank Gehry in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It would have been 148 metres tall and had 34 floors, and would have become the third tallest building in Barcelona behind Torre Mapfre and Hotel Arts, and sixteenth tallest in Spain. The building was to be located at the end of the Rambla de Prim (Railway Triangle Sagrera Sant Andreu), giving the streets of the Via Trajan, Josep Verneda Soldevila and the way in the", "id": "2257151" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Finland\n\n\nThis is a list of all buildings in Finland with a height of over 60 metres (197 feet), excluding churches. This list will be changing due to future building projects, such as the 8 REDI towers in Kalasatama, Helsinki, with the tallest tower, \"Majakka\", that will be 134 meters tall. Between 2020–2026, an additional nine towers will be built in Pasila, Helsinki, with the tallest planned tower being tall. For other types of tall structures in Finland, see List of tallest structures in", "id": "1244539" }, { "contents": "Tower of the Americas\n\n\nuntil 1996, when the Las Vegas Stratosphere Tower was completed. It is the tallest building in San Antonio, and the 27th-tallest building in Texas. The tower is located in the middle of the former HemisFair '68 site and has an observation deck that is accessible by elevator for a fee. There is also a lounge and revolving restaurant at the top of the tower that provides panoramic views of the city. Construction of the tower began on August 9, 1966 and cost $5.2 million. The top house of", "id": "6645105" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Saudi Arabia\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Saudi Arabia ranks the tallest buildings in Saudi Arabia by height. The tallest building in Riyadh is the 485 meter super-tall skyscraper Capital Market Authority Tower. It is located in the new Skycraper hub, King Abdullah Financial District and is the 20th tallest Tower in the world. The skyline of Riyadh extended with the 310 metre tall Faisaliyah Tower which was completed in 2000. The Kingdom Centre built in 2002 overtook Faisaliyah Tower and now stands as the 4th tallest Tower in Riyadh at 312 meters.", "id": "6517488" }, { "contents": "Shangri-La Toronto\n\n\nShangri-La Toronto is a hotel and condominium building in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by James K. M. Cheng and built by Westbank Projects Corp.; they also designed and built the Living Shangri-La in Vancouver. The building is 214 meters tall and is one of the fifteen tallest buildings in Toronto. The hotel component is run by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts and has 202 guest rooms and suites. The condominium portion occupies the upper floors of the building and consists of 393 units. Excavation", "id": "7350362" }, { "contents": "History of the world's tallest buildings\n\n\nas tall as is claimed, then the Mole Antonelliana was the world's tallest building from 1889 to 1908, surpassing Philadelphia City Hall by . The buildings that were the tallest secular skyscrapers, which excludes religious buildings, were: The list of tallest buildings is based on the default metric of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), that of measuring to the highest architectural element. Other criteria would generate a different list. Shanghai World Financial Center is not on the above list, but it surpassed Taipei 101", "id": "16171079" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings and structures in Egypt\n\n\na couple are the world-famous pyramids. Cairo's skyline is one of the most densely packed in Africa and continues to grow. The tallest project currently under construction is St. Regis Hotel Tower 1 at tall. This structure will be the tallest building in Egypt when complete. This building will be accompanied by its two smaller twins which will also be the second and third tallest buildings in Egypt. This includes the supertall Eco-tower which, if built, could be well over tall, making it by far the tallest", "id": "6041419" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in the European Union\n\n\nThis list ranks the tallest buildings in the European Union that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This means that spires and other architectural details are included in the official height, but not antenna masts, as it is defined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Only habitable buildings are ranked, which excludes radio masts and towers, observation towers, cathedrals, steeples, chimneys and other tall architectural structures. Since 2011, the tallest building in the EU has been The Shard in London, United", "id": "5720002" }, { "contents": "Sevilla Tower\n\n\nThe Sevilla Tower (), known until 2015 as the Cajasol Tower or Pelli Tower, is an office skyscraper in Seville, Spain. Its construction started in March 2008 and was completed in 2015. The tower is tall and has 40 floors. It is an office building, with the entrance to the tower located off Odiel street. The tower is the tallest building in Andalusia and in the city of Seville, and the seventh tallest in Spain. The tower is located in La Cartuja, the former zone of the Universal", "id": "21511686" }, { "contents": "Luxor Las Vegas\n\n\n15, 1993, to a crowd of 10,000 people. When it opened, the pyramid, which cost $375 million to build, was the tallest building on the strip and contained 2,526 rooms and a casino. The resort was financed by “petty cash” earned from other Circus Circus Enterprises properties and did not include any outside financial investors. The hotel's pyramid is similar in size to the Red Pyramid and Bent Pyramid of Egypt. When the hotel opened, it was the tallest structure on the Strip and featured the", "id": "17274342" }, { "contents": "Skyscraper\n\n\n\"world's tallest\" in the 1920s and early 1930s, culminating with the completion of the Chrysler Building in 1930 and the Empire State Building in 1931, the world's tallest building for forty years. The first completed tall World Trade Center tower became the world's tallest building in 1972. However, it was overtaken by the Sears Tower (now Willis Tower) in Chicago within two years. The tall Sears Tower stood as the world's tallest building for 24 years, from 1974 until 1998, until it was edged", "id": "10378310" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in San Antonio\n\n\nThe U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas is home to 93 high-rises, 8 of which are skyscrapers that stand at least feet tall. The tallest structure in the city, excluding radio antennas, is the Tower of the Americas, standing tall. Completed for HemisFair '68, it is the tallest structure in Texas (excluding radio antennas) south of Houston, the second-tallest observation tower in the United States, and third-tallest in the Western Hemisphere. The second-tallest structure and tallest building in", "id": "188305" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Hamilton, Ontario\n\n\nHamilton is the fifth-largest city in Ontario, Canada. In Hamilton, there are 17 buildings that stand taller than 75 metres (230 ft). The tallest building in the city is the 43-storey, Landmark Place. The second-tallest building in the city is 22 George St, standing at tall with 32 storeys. The third-tallest building in the city is Stelco Tower, standing at tall with 25 storeys. , the city contains 17 skyscrapers over and 121 high-rise buildings that exceed in height.", "id": "8112145" }, { "contents": "High Roller (Stratosphere)\n\n\nThe High Roller (also known as the Let it Ride High Roller), was a steel roller coaster constructed on top of a building over the Las Vegas Strip. It was the highest roller coaster in the world when compared to the surrounding terrain. It was located on top of the Stratosphere Tower, Las Vegas, Nevada, which is the tallest free-standing observation tower in the United States. The coaster was manufactured by S&MC GmbH Structures and Machines. The ride opened on April 29, 1996, in a special", "id": "10492805" }, { "contents": "Wynn Las Vegas\n\n\nSteve Wynn by his permission. Other films shot at Wynn include Frank & Lola, The Squeeze, Sinatra 100: An All-Star Grammy Concert, Garth Brooks’ Holiday Special, and The House. In contrast to previous hotels built by Wynn, including Bellagio, The Mirage, and Treasure Island, the Encore Esplanade Fountain is a relatively subdued Las Vegas Strip attraction to draw in passers-by. At its opening, the Wynn was the tallest hotel building on the strip (a record which lasted two years).", "id": "345667" }, { "contents": "The Palazzo\n\n\nThe Palazzo is a luxury hotel and casino resort located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is the tallest completed building in Nevada. Designed by the Dallas based HKS, Inc., the hotel offers luxury in an Italian Renaissance ambiance. The hotel and casino are part of a larger complex (operated as one hotel) comprising the adjoining Venetian Resort and Casino and the Sands Convention Center, all of which are owned and operated by the Las Vegas Sands Corporation. This all-suite hotel offers the largest standard", "id": "3663743" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings and structures in Cardiff\n\n\nthe most tall buildings in the country. The city currently has three buildings under construction taller than 100 metres. Currently, the tallest building in Cardiff is Bridge Street Exchange at 85m. It replaced Capital Tower which, at 80m, had been the tallest building in Cardiff since 1967. Cardiff Council considers a tall building within the city centre and Cardiff Bay to be 8 storeys or more or from in height. This list comprises the tallest current standing buildings and structures. This list comprises buildings which are either under construction", "id": "10208006" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Mississauga\n\n\n, tall condominium tower, called Absolute World, that is intended to be a landmark for the city. As a major city in its own right, Mississauga has an easily identifiable skyline that, as of June 2014, has 18 buildings rising over tall with three more under construction. The tallest buildings in the city are the two iconic towers of Absolute World which rise and tall. By 2025, there will be 4 skyscrapers surpassing 170m. The tallest would be M3, a proposed building, which would stand at about", "id": "19767181" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Kansas\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Kansas ranks skyscrapers in the U.S. state of Kansas by height. The tallest building in Kansas is the Epic Center in Wichita, which contains 22 floors and is tall. The second-tallest building in the state is the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka, which rises . This list ranks Kansas buildings that stand at least 213 feet (65 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts or other objects not part of the original", "id": "16299580" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Indiana\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Indiana ranks skyscrapers in the state of Indiana, United States of America by height. The tallest building in Indiana is Salesforce Tower in Indianapolis, which contains 49 floors and is tall. The second-tallest building in the state is the OneAmerica Tower, also in Indianapolis, which rises . This list ranks Indiana buildings that stand at least 268 feet (82 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not provide antenna masts or other objects not", "id": "16507260" }, { "contents": "Turnberry Towers\n\n\nThe project would be built on situated at Paradise Road and Karen Avenue, behind the Sahara hotel-casino that was located on the Las Vegas Strip. Construction was expected to begin in August 1999. Stark was not concerned about competition from Park Towers or the nearby Turnberry Place. Great Masters and Turnberry Place were among the largest condominium projects proposed for the Las Vegas Valley at that time, and Great Masters would be the tallest entirely residential building in the United States, standing at 724 feet. In early 2000, Stark Properties", "id": "16689766" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in South Carolina\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in South Carolina ranks high rises in the U.S. state of South Carolina by height. The tallest building in South Carolina is the Capitol Center in Columbia, which contains 26 floors and is tall. The second-tallest building in the state is the Margate Tower in Myrtle Beach, which rises . This list ranks South Carolina buildings that stand at least 255 feet (78 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts or other objects", "id": "12245920" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Abbotsford, British Columbia\n\n\na city of low-rise construction. In Abbotsford, there are 8 buildings that stand taller than . The tallest building in the city is the 5-storey, Mill Tower. The tallest modern, residential building in the city is Garden Park Towers, standing at tall with 17 storeys. , the city has 2 structures under proposal. If completed, Mahogany Tower at will be the tallest building on mainland British Columbia outside Metro Vancouver. This list ranks Abbotsford high-rises that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement", "id": "12490516" }, { "contents": "Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City\n\n\naugment public security. Between 2002 and 2006, none of that money was forthcoming until a recent judicial ruling in their favor. The amount in question was between 200,000 and 250,000 pesos per month from the 3,000 parking meters. The Torre Mayor is located on Paseo de la Reforma at the western end of the colonia. It was finished in 2003, and from then to 2010, it was the tallest building in Latin America. It continues to be the tallest building in Mexico at 225.4 meters tall. Due to the earthquake-", "id": "14757619" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Germany\n\n\nThis lists ranks the tallest buildings in Germany that stand at least tall. Only habitable buildings are ranked, which excludes radio masts and towers, observation towers, steeples, chimneys and other tall architectural structures. For those, see List of tallest structures in Germany. The construction of high-rise buildings is not common in German cities, and especially not in the city centers, where traditionally steeples are the tallest structures. Due to its economic profile as an international financial centre, only Frankfurt has developed a skyline of high-", "id": "21366011" }, { "contents": "City Centre Towers\n\n\nCity Centre or London City Centre is a twin office tower complex in London, Ontario, Canada at 275 Dundas Street. Construction on the towers was finished in 1974. The South tower is 96 m tall, and is the second tallest building in the city and one of the tallest office buildings in Ontario outside Toronto. The North tower is 89 meters tall and is the third tallest office building in the city. The buildings are one of several twin tower complexes in London's central business district. The towers were the tallest", "id": "8961924" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in the Philippines\n\n\n, \"Mandarin Square\" (149 m) in Binondo, and the three towers of \"Light Residences\" (147 m) in Mandaluyong. The following table shows the tallest buildings by the three main geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Philippine cities with the most number of buildings of at least or 12 stories tall (as of December 2017). This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in the Philippines. Other buildings such as churches with tall spires may be taller but", "id": "17345444" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Ireland\n\n\nThis is a list of the tallest habitable buildings on the island of Ireland buildings (used for living and working in, as opposed to masts and churches). The island of Ireland has relatively few tall buildings. As of 2017, there were several proposals to change this, with developments proposed for Limerick, Cork, Galway, and Dublin. The island's first tall building was Liberty Hall, built in 1965, which stands at . The current tallest habitable building on the island of Ireland is the Obel Tower in Belfast", "id": "19796048" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in North Carolina\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in North Carolina ranks skyscrapers in the U.S. state of North Carolina by height. The tallest building in North Carolina is the Bank of America Corporate Center in Charlotte, which contains 60 floors and is tall. The second-tallest building in the state is the Duke Energy Center also in Charlotte, North Carolina, which rises above the ground. This list ranks North Carolina skyscrapers that stand at least 328 feet (100 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details", "id": "16163251" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Miami Beach\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Miami Beach ranks skyscrapers in the city of Miami Beach, Florida by height. The tallest completed buildings in Miami Beach are the Blue and Green Diamonds which stand 559 ft (170 m) tall and both contain 44 floors. Miami Beach's history of skyscrapers began in 1929 with the completion of The Blackstone. Back then, the hotel was the tallest building in Miami Beach, at 157 feet (48 m) tall. For more than five decades between 1940 and 1995, Miami beach went", "id": "4748227" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in China by city\n\n\nCouncil on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). Heights are measured to Architectural Top, with antennae being excluded. Only buildings over 300m are included. This list includes the tallest under construction or proposed buildings in China by city. Only buildings which will become their city's tallest building upon completion are included. Buildings are becoming their city sight. All measurements are as defined and recognised by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). Heights are measured to Architectural Top, with antennae being excluded.", "id": "12829351" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Tulsa, Oklahoma\n\n\nthird-tallest building in Tulsa. Five of the ten tallest buildings in Oklahoma are located in Tulsa. The history of skyscrapers in the city began with the construction of Cosden Building in 1918. This building, rising 16 floors, is often regarded as the first skyscraper in Tulsa. Tulsa's first buildings standing more than tall were the BOK Tower and the First Place Tower, both completed in 1975. There are no buildings under construction that are planned to rise at least . Overall, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban", "id": "2800429" }, { "contents": "LV Strip (Nevada gaming area)\n\n\nRiviera Casino. By April 2008, they had acquired at a cost of $380 million. They applied to the FAA for height clearance for eight 572' towers. Another project announced was the construction of a Marriott Marquis on land currently occupied by a Residence Inn and a Courtyard Inn belonging to Marriott corporation. The Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas was the most visible failure as it topped out the tallest building in Las Vegas before going bankrupt. Initial offers for selling the uncompleted tower are far less than the raw land value from two", "id": "820295" }, { "contents": "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat\n\n\n, interviews with prominent persons in the tall building industry, and much more. The CTBUH also publishes guidebooks, reference manuals, and monographs related to the tall building industry. In 2006 it published the book \"101 of the World's Tallest Buildings\" in conjunction with author and CTBUH member Georges Binder, a reference to 101 of the world's tallest skyscrapers. It includes photos, plans, details on architects, engineers and stakeholders, and comprehensive technical data on each building. Since 2008 it has published a \"Best Tall", "id": "21647717" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee\n\n\nthe 32-story, tall Northwestern Mutual Tower and Commons building, completed in 2017. The history of skyscrapers in Milwaukee began with the Pabst Building. Completed in 1891, and standing tall, it was Milwaukee's first skyscraper, and the tallest building in the city until the Milwaukee City Hall was completed four years later. The Pabst Building was demolished in 1981. For nearly eighty years, from 1895 to 1973, City Hall dominated the skyline, and was at the time of its completion, the tallest habitable building in the United", "id": "1549426" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Duluth\n\n\nThe city of Duluth, Minnesota, is home to 17 completed high-rises standing over 115ft (35m) tall. The tallest building in Duluth is the 16-story, 247-foot-tall Alworth Building, which at the time of its construction, was the tallest building in Minnesota outside Minneapolis. The history of high-rises in Duluth begins with the Torrey Building. Completed in 1892, it is Duluth's first high-rise. It was the first building outside the Twin Cities to reach 12 floors. The newest", "id": "20988906" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Orlando\n\n\nThis list of tallest building in Orlando ranks skyscrapers in Orlando, Florida, by height. The heights of buildings includes architectural details (permanent parts) but excludes antennas. The tallest building in the city of Orlando is the SunTrust Center, which is tall and has 32 floors. This article lists all buildings taller than 60 meters (200 feet). This lists buildings that are under construction in Orlando over 200 ft tall as of March 2019. * Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building heights,", "id": "11873545" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt\n\n\nTower, , MAX, , Tower 1, , Marieninsel, and Bahn Tower, . As of October 2011, there are 72 high-rise buildings under construction, approved for construction and proposed for construction in Frankfurt. This lists ranks the tallest buildings in Frankfurt that stand at least tall. Only habitable building are ranked which excludes radio masts and towers, observation towers, steeples, chimneys and other tall architectural structures. These buildings are included for comparison. This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Frankfurt", "id": "12014399" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Shanghai\n\n\ndesire to regain its status as an important global financial center. The tallest skyscraper in Shanghai is the Shanghai Tower, which is tall with 128 floors. It is currently the tallest building in the People's Republic of China and the second tallest in the world. This list ranks skyscrapers in Shanghai that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equals sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The", "id": "5533806" }, { "contents": "Sussex Heights\n\n\nConran and Partners—who had recently worked on Embassy Court and Saltdean Lido elsewhere in the city—were commissioned to refurbish the building. Work was expected to begin in spring 2014. At tall, Sussex Heights is the tallest building in Sussex and the only building in Sussex taller than . It is also the fifth-tallest structure in Sussex, after the British Airways i360 at tall, the mast at Heathfield transmitting station at tall, the mast at Midhurst transmitting station at tall and Shoreham Power Station at tall. Sussex Heights", "id": "14917825" }, { "contents": "History of the world's tallest buildings\n\n\nregularly inhabited or occupied. It is in this sense of being regularly inhabited or occupied that the term \"building\" is generally understood to mean when determining what is the world's tallest building. The non-profit international organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), which maintains a set of criteria for determining the height of tall buildings, defines a \"building\" as \"(A) structure that is designed for residential, business or manufacturing purposes\" and \"has floors\". Tall churches and cathedrals", "id": "16171072" }, { "contents": "Torres de Hercules\n\n\nThe Torres de Hércules () are office buildings in Polígono Industrial Las Marismas, Los Barrios in Province of Cádiz. The building is tall and was completed in October 2009. The telecommunications antenna on top is tall. Each of the towers is in diameter. These towers were the tallest in Andalusia until Cajasol Tower was completed in Seville in 2015. The towers are inspired by the Pillars of Hercules which were the two mountains on either side of the sea which signified that no one could go beyond the Straits of Gibraltar as the", "id": "1406884" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Macau\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Macau ranks skyscrapers in Macau, China by height. The tallest completed building in Macau is currently the Grand Lisboa, which stands tall. This lists ranks Macau skyscrapers that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. Existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. The tallest structure overall is currently the Macau Tower, which is used as both a viewing platform and telecommunications antenna. * Indicates still under", "id": "5471794" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings and structures\n\n\nThe world's tallest artificial structure is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of \"tallest building in the world\" and the tallest self-supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second-tallest self-supporting structure and the tallest tower in the world is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY-TV mast. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, an organization that certifies buildings as the \"World's", "id": "15232652" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Worcester, Massachusetts\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Worcester, Massachusetts ranks skyscrapers in the U.S. city of Worcester, Massachusetts by height. Worcester currently has 18 high-rise buildings. In the city, there are 12 buildings that stand taller than . The two tallest structures in Worcester are the 24-story Sky Mark Tower and Worcester Plaza, both of which rise . The rest of the high rise buildings are between 150 and 110 ft tall. This lists ranks Worcester buildings that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires", "id": "17662171" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Montreal\n\n\nland plots are allowed to contain buildings exceeding 120 metres in height. The maximum limit is currently attained by 1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque, the latter of which is shorter, but built on higher ground. To build higher than 1000 de La Gauchetière while respecting this limit would be to build on the lowest part of downtown; the maximum height there would be approximately 210 metres. The history of skyscrapers in Montreal began with the completion of the eight-storey-tall New York Life Insurance Building in 1888", "id": "14723195" }, { "contents": "Developments in Dubai\n\n\nDubai; however, the construction has been halted since July, 2012, due to lack of finances. It is designed by architects Aedas and is receiving funding from Trident International Holdings. When completed, the building will stand at 516 m (1,693 ft) tall, with 120 overground floors. Upon completion, it will become the tallest residential building in the world and one of the tallest building structures in the world. Marina 101 is expected to be tall upon completion in 2014, becoming the third tallest residential building in the", "id": "13482320" }, { "contents": "One Tampa City Center\n\n\nOne Tampa City Center, formerly known as GTE Center and Verizon Building, is an office skyscraper in Tampa, Florida. It was the tallest building in the state for three years and the tallest building in the city until the completion of the Bank of America tower in 1986. At 39 stories tall, it is currently the third tallest structure in the city at 537 feet tall. One Tampa City Center opened in 1981 as the GTE Building. It was the second skyscraper built in the city, after the Park Tower just", "id": "13916399" }, { "contents": "Landmark 81\n\n\nLandmark 81 is a super-tall skyscraper in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The investor and primary developer for the project is Vinhomes, a Vietnamese corporation that is also the country's largest real-estate company. Landmark 81 is the tallest building in Vietnam, the tallest completed building in Southeast Asia as of July 2018 and the 14 tallest building in the world. The tall, 81-storey building is built on the western banks of the Saigon River in the city's Binh Thanh District, located just north of Ho Chi", "id": "14198528" }, { "contents": "Living Shangri-La\n\n\nLiving Shangri-la is a mixed-use skyscraper in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and is the tallest building in the city and province. The 62-storey Shangri-La tower contains a 5-star hotel and its offices on the first 15 floors, with condominium apartment units occupying the rest of the tower. The building's podium complex also includes a spa, Urban Fare specialty grocery store, a Vancouver Art Gallery public display, and a curated public sculpture garden. The high-rise stands tall and there is a", "id": "6642626" }, { "contents": "Gensler\n\n\n“city within a city” in Las Vegas), SFO Airport (beginning with the Central Terminal project in 1980 and continuing with comprehensive T2, T3, and T1 renovations), and Shanghai Tower (a 128-story mixed-use tower). In 2013, the 2,073-foot Shanghai Tower became China’s tallest building, and the second-tallest in the world. In 1990, Gensler established Gensler University, the firm’s chief platform for leadership development. Subsequently, the firm established the Diversity Scholarship, a juried program that recognizes", "id": "10064120" }, { "contents": "Ivana Las Vegas\n\n\nofficials. The Summit was to feature 73 floors and stand 940 feet, and was to be built at a cost of $700 million. If built, the Summit would have been the tallest habitable structure in the Las Vegas Valley, and one of the tallest residential towers in the world. Di Mauro said the project would be financed by \"internal and external funding,\" such as revenue from other businesses that he owned. The Summit was designed by JMA Architecture Studios, and was to feature 960 condo units, with", "id": "15622431" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings and structures\n\n\norganizations which has meant that the title of world's tallest structure or building has changed depending on which standards have been accepted. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat has changed its definitions over time. Some of the controversy regarding the definitions and assessment of tall structures and buildings has included the following: Within an accepted definition of a building further controversy has included the following factors: This category does not require the structure to be \"officially\" open but does require it to be \"topped out.\" The tallest artificial", "id": "15232654" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Sacramento\n\n\nThis list of tallest buildings in Sacramento ranks buildings in Sacramento, California, by height. The tallest building in Sacramento is the Wells Fargo Center, which stands 429 feet (129 m) tall. There are many highrise residential towers proposed for Sacramento's downtown. This lists ranks Sacramento buildings that stand at least 200 feet (61 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. Existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. This lists", "id": "18193347" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Yorkshire\n\n\nYorkshire has many tall buildings, the current tallest building is Bridgewater Place in Leeds. Sheffield, Bradford, Kingston upon Hull and Doncaster also have tall buildings and there are many planned to be built. York has a low-rise skyline, the tallest building being the Minster. High-rise residential blocks are common in many towns and cities in Yorkshire, with many councils, particularly Leeds, Halifax and Kingston upon Hull enthusiastically embracing high-rise living in the 1960s and '70s. Sheffield has fewer high-rise residential", "id": "4435385" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Cleveland\n\n\nNuCLEus building project in the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex district of downtown and the Playhouse Square Tower that will rise 34 stories making it 396 feet tall. The two tallest buildings under construction are the 396 foot-tall Playhouse Square Apartment Tower and the recently commenced 355 foot-tall Beacon apartment building downtown on Euclid Avenue. This list ranks Cleveland skyscrapers and high-rises that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=)", "id": "8232776" }, { "contents": "Park Towers (Sandy Springs)\n\n\nbuilding remains the second-tallest in the Park Towers development, and is currently the tallest condominium high-rise in the city of Sandy Springs. It is approximately tall. Park Towers II is a residential tower 33 stories high, completed a few years after Park Towers I. The building is a luxury high-rise apartment community, and is the tallest apartment building in Sandy Springs. Approximately tall, the building was built by, and continues to be managed by, Julian LeCraw & Company. Park Towers Place is the advertised", "id": "142575" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings and structures in South Africa\n\n\n'Durban Point Development Tower\"', which, if built will reach 300 meters and will be the 118th tallest in the world and the tallest in South Africa. Many buildings in some cities are more beautiful than they are tall, as with the Edwardian and Victorian-styled buildings in Port Elizabeth and Cape Town (surrounded by the taller and more modern buildings). This list ranks South African skyscrapers that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details. There are currently 5", "id": "4735434" }, { "contents": "1251 Avenue of the Americas\n\n\nthe youngest, is 1211 Avenue of the Americas with 45 stories (592 ft). 1251 is the second-tallest building in the whole of Rockefeller Center, after 30 Rockefeller Plaza. Despite being one of the 100 tallest buildings in the United States, 1251 Avenue of the Americas is almost impossible to see from more than just a few blocks away as it is flanked on all sides by buildings over 500 feet tall. The result is that even though 1251 Avenue of the Americas is approximately as tall as the tallest buildings", "id": "5738606" }, { "contents": "Sanhattan\n\n\nLeones avenue. The area is home to many new and very expensive buildings housing offices, restaurants, hotels, shopping centers and banks. Two of the tallest buildings in South America are located there: Titanium La Portada, 55 stories and 194 m tall, and Gran Torre Santiago, at 300 m tall and 63 stories, located in the neighboring Providencia commune. The land—known then as \"Hacienda San Luis\"—was acquired in 1907 from Banco de Chile bank by Ricardo Lyon, an agriculturist and mayor of Providencia commune. In", "id": "12017035" }, { "contents": "List of tallest buildings in Phoenix\n\n\nPhoenix, the capital of the U.S. state of Arizona, has 19 skyscrapers standing at least . The tallest building in Phoenix is the 40-story Chase Tower, completed in 1972 with 38 habitable floors rising to . It is also the tallest building in Arizona. The second-tallest building in the city and the state is the U.S. Bank Center, which rises . Of the 25 tallest buildings in Arizona, 21 are located in Phoenix. However, none of them are among the tallest in the United States. The history of tall", "id": "19230559" } ]

[ { "contents": "Giblin Peak\n\n\nThe Giblin Peak is a mountain of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the highest elevation on Giblin Fells, a prominent bluff south of Ben Lomond's highest elevation - Legges Tor. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the third highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Giblin, a previous Premier of Tasmania. Before the northern aspect of the Ben Lomond plateau was surveyed, Stacks Bluff (at the plateau's southern extremity) was thought to be the highest elevation on the", "id": "1418020" }, { "contents": "List of highest mountains of Tasmania\n\n\nThe Australian island state of Tasmania has a diverse range of geography but a prominent feature is the mountains of the island. Overall Tasmania is comparatively low-lying with the highest point at . Tasmania has ten peaks over the height of . With thirty peaks higher than , it is one of the most mountainous islands in the world, and Tasmania is Australia's most mountainous state. The majority of the mountain peaks of Tasmania are located in the Western half of the state, starting at the coast in the South West and extending", "id": "12702067" }, { "contents": "Du Cane Range\n\n\nThe Du Cane Range is a mountain range in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. An unnamed peak on the main ridge of the Du Cane Range has an elevation of above sea level and is the eleventh highest mountain peak in Tasmania. Major peaks in the range include The Acropolis, Mount Geryon, The Parthenon, Mount Eros, Mount Hyperion, Mount Massif, Mount Achilles, and Falling Mountain. Tasmania's highest peak at an elevation of is nearby, but not in the Du Cane Range. The range is", "id": "9257796" }, { "contents": "King Davids Peak\n\n\nKing Davids Peak, also known as the West Wall, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Walls of Jerusalem National Park. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the 16 highest mountain in Tasmania. Like other features of the park, such as Herods Gate, Lake Salome, Solomons Jewels, Damascus Gate, the Pool of Bathesda, many features are named for places and people in the Bible. The mountain is named after the biblical ruler of", "id": "10254651" }, { "contents": "List of highest mountains of Tasmania\n\n\ninland to the north, or in the Central Highlands. Tasmania's mountains were part of an ancient range of volcanic peaks from the period of Gondwana, and are the source of a large portion of Tasmania's wealth in the form of mining. Although the eastern half of the state is generally lower and flatter, there are still sizeable peaks located there, such as Mt Wellington. The following notable mountain peaks in Tasmania range in heights from above sea level. As late as the mid-1950s adequate surveying of the mountains had not", "id": "12702068" }, { "contents": "Mathinna, Tasmania\n\n\nMathinna is a small Australian town in the north-east of Tasmania, 63 km east of Launceston. It was named after a young Aboriginal girl befriended by the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land, Sir John Franklin and his wife, Lady Jane Franklin. The town became established as a gold mining centre, shortly after gold was discovered in the area in the 1890s. The Golden Gate Mine in Mathinna was one of Tasmania's highest-yield gold mines, second only to Beaconsfield. At its peak in the late", "id": "1740705" }, { "contents": "William Vincent Legge\n\n\nColonel William Vincent Legge (2 September 1841 – 25 March 1918) was an Australian soldier and an ornithologist who documented the birds of Sri Lanka. Legge's hawk-eagle is named after him as is Legges Tor, the second highest peak in Tasmania. Legge was born at Cullenswood, Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land). His father, Robert Vincent Legge had moved from Ireland to Tasmania in 1827 along with his sisters and was married to Eliza Graves (née de Lapenotierre). He was granted 1200 acres (", "id": "7960127" }, { "contents": "Mount Geryon\n\n\nMount Geryon is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of the Australian state of Tasmania. The mountain is part of the Du Cane Range and is situated within the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. With two peaks, Mount Geryon North has an elevation of above sea level and is the twelfth-highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Geryon South, with an elevation of above sea level, is the state's fifteenth-highest peak. The mountain is a major feature of the national park, and is a popular", "id": "10254587" }, { "contents": "Mount Achilles (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Achilles is a mountain that is part of the Du Cane Range, located in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the peak is the 46th highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Achilles consists of two main summits, the highest is known as 'Achilles Heel', and the other is referred to as 'Perrins Bluff'. It is located in the more northern part of the park, and almost due east of Zeehan It is a major", "id": "11923929" }, { "contents": "Tasmania\n\n\nreferred to as \"Dervon,\" as mentioned in the Jerilderie Letter written by the notorious Australian bushranger Ned Kelly in 1879. The colloquial expression for the state is \"Tassie\". Tasmania is also colloquially shortened to \"Tas,\" mainly when used in business names and website addresses. TAS is also the Australia Post abbreviation for the state. The aboriginal name of the island is Trowunna, Trowenna or Loetrouwitter. The name Lutruwita is also used to call Tasmania in aboriginal language. Today, the name Trowunna, and variations", "id": "10557688" }, { "contents": "Smithies Peak\n\n\nThe Smithies Peak, sometimes incorrectly called Smithies Towers, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. At above sea level, it is the ninth-highest mountain in Tasmania, and is one of the summits of Cradle Mountain. The peak is composed of dolerite columns, similar to many of the other mountains in the area and rises above the glacially formed Dove Lake (), Lake Wilks and Crater Lake. Cradle Mountain", "id": "7507665" }, { "contents": "Mount Satima\n\n\nMount Satima, also known as Mount Lesatima and often abbreviated to Satima or Lesatima, is the third-highest mountain in Kenya and the highest in the Aberdare Range. The Maasai name is Oldoinyo Lesatima, which has a variety of alternative spellings, such as Ol Donyo Le Satima, and means \"mountain of the bull calf\". The peak lies at the northern end of the Aberdares, which themselves are along the eastern side of the Great Rift Valley, and is their highest point. Around it stand a number of", "id": "11883670" }, { "contents": "Charles Lyell\n\n\n1848, and later, in 1864, made a baronet (Bt), which is an hereditary honour. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1858 and the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society in 1866. Mount Lyell, the highest peak in Yosemite National Park, is named after him; the crater Lyell on the Moon and a crater on Mars were named in his honour; Mount Lyell in western Tasmania, Australia, located in a profitable mining area, bears Lyell's name; and the Lyell", "id": "7681621" }, { "contents": "Mount Victoria (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Victoria is a mountain in the Mount Victoria Forest Reserve in north-east Tasmania, Australia, and also forms part of the Ben Lomond biogeographic region and the Ben Lomond National Park. The peak has an elevation of above sea level and is the 58th highest mountain in Tasmania. It is a prominent feature of the reserve, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers. Mount Victoria Forest Reserve has a picnic area, barbeque facilities and toilets. Ralph Falls can be accessed from the Reserve. Ralph Falls is one of Tasmania", "id": "13967989" }, { "contents": "Hartz Mountains (Tasmania)\n\n\nThe Hartz Mountains are mountains with twin peaks located in southern Tasmania, Australia. The mountains are situated south west of Hobart, via Geeveston, and are part of the Hartz Mountains National Park. The Hartz Mountains area experiences typical south-west weather conditions. In all seasons there can be snow, high rainfall, extremes of temperature, strong winds and sudden weather changes. With an elevation of above sea level, the Hartz Peak is the highest point of the Hartz Mountains, and in fine weather the summit offers one of", "id": "20874109" }, { "contents": "Winter sport in Australia\n\n\nBrindabella National Park in New South Wales. The highest mountain in the ACT is Bimberi Peak, which lies above the treeline at 1912 metres, at the northern edge of the Snowy Mountains. The most southerly ski fields in Australia are located in Tasmania, a mountainous island off the southern coast of Eastern Australia. Much of the State is subject to at least occasional winter snows. Mount Ossa is the highest point on the island at 1614m but Tasmania has eight mountains exceeding 1500m and 28 above 1,220m. Also notable", "id": "7391685" }, { "contents": "Skiing in Tasmania\n\n\nMount Ossa is the highest point on the island at but Tasmania has eight mountains exceeding and 28 above . Also notable is the Central Plateau, at an elevation of around . The capital city of Hobart is built at the base of Mount Wellington, which at , is snow-capped in winter. Tasmania's premier alpine skiing operations are located at Ben Lomond, from Launceston. Its season usually begins in mid-July and in peak season, its runs are served by six lifts. Located in the Ben Lomond National Park", "id": "11985136" }, { "contents": "Mount Ossa (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Ossa is the highest mountain in Tasmania with a summit elevation of above sea level. It makes up part of the Pelion Range within Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. It was first surveyed by Europeans in the 1860s, and confirmed to be the states highpoint in 1954. Like most peaks in the area it is capped with Jurassic dolerite. The Mount Ossa highland area spans the boundary between the Big River and Northern Tasmanian Aboriginal nations. Several artifacts and campsites containing", "id": "512574" }, { "contents": "King William Range\n\n\nThe King William Range is a mountain range in the South West Wilderness, Tasmania, Australia. It is situated south of the Lyell Highway and Derwent Bridge. It is the source of the Gordon River catchment. Despite older designations of a single peak, it has three peaks named Mount King William, designated I, II and III. The mountains that are over 1100m high in the range include: In some mapping of Tasmania it is included in the Central Highlands region, and it is also in proximity to Hydro Tasmania", "id": "16630565" }, { "contents": "List of mountains and hills of the Rhön\n\n\nprominence and are therefore not considered independent peaks, are marked with the abbreviation \"SP\" for \"subpeak\" and their parent peak is named. In the \"state\" column, where a mountain or hill lies within two or more states, the state in which the actual summit lies is printed in bold. A key to the abbreviations is at the bottom of the table. Key to the abbreviations used in the table: Counties (using German car registration plate abbreviations): States: Biosphere Reserve: Nature parks:", "id": "8600758" }, { "contents": "Ben Lomond (Tasmania)\n\n\nstream) and \"lienta\" referring to \"loonder\", that is, the Fingal valley. The river near modern day Nile was known as \"pleepertoommelar\" Although the mountain was seen by Flinders on his circumnavigation of Tasmania, the modern name was given by Colonel Paterson, who founded the first settlement in northern Tasmania in 1804, and is taken from the eponymous Scottish mountain. There is no isolated peak named Ben Lomond but instead the name may refer to the plateau, massif, bioregion or national park in which it", "id": "18552019" }, { "contents": "Fanjingshan\n\n\nThe Fanjingshan () or Mount Fanjing, located in Tongren, Guizhou province, is the highest peak of the Wuling Mountains in southwestern China, at an elevation of . The Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve was established in 1978 and designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1986. Fanjingshan is a sacred mountain in Chinese Buddhism, considered to be the bodhimaṇḍa of the Maitreya Buddha. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. The mountain's name \"Fanjing\" is an abbreviation of \"Fantian Jingtu\" (梵天净土), or \"", "id": "4988975" }, { "contents": "Barn Bluff\n\n\nBarn Bluff is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park at the junction of the eastern most points of the Murchison and Mackintosh river catchments. At above sea level it is the fourth highest mountain in Tasmania, exceeding the height of the more famous Cradle Mountain by . The Barn Bluff is frequently snow-covered, sometimes even in summer. This mountain is perhaps the most prominent peak of the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair", "id": "21789511" }, { "contents": "Stacks Bluff\n\n\nThe Stacks Bluff is a peak in northeast Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated on the Ben Lomond plateau. At above sea level, it is the ninth highest mountain in Tasmania, and is a feature visible throughout the Tasmanian Midlands - prominent due to its extensive promontory cliff-line and exposed dolerite columns. The mountain was originally occupied by Tasmanian Aboriginal people of the Ben Lomond Nation, who inhabited the plateau in summer and left evidence of campsites and artifacts at Lake Youl (Palawa: \"meenemata\") north of", "id": "8923577" }, { "contents": "Federation Peak\n\n\nfirst westerner to sight the peak was the surveyor James Sprent who was carrying out a trigonometrical survey of Tasmania. He described it as \"the Obelisk\". It became known as Sprent's Obelisk, however in 1901 it was officially named Federation Peak in honour of the Federation of Australia by Thomas Bather Moore while cutting a track from Hastings to Port Davey via Old River. It took almost 50 years after the first western sighting for the summit to be reached, a testament to the harshness of southwest Tasmania. Challenges include thick", "id": "4500377" }, { "contents": "Puncak Jaya\n\n\nwhich consists of West Papua province in Indonesia plus Papua New Guinea), on the continent of Australia (which consists of New Guinea, the Australian Mainland, Tasmania, other islands, and the submerged continental shelf), and in Oceania, the tallest island mountain on Earth, as well as the 5th highest mountain in political Southeast Asia. It is also the highest point between the Himalayas and the Andes. Some sources claim Papua New Guinea's Mount Wilhelm, , as the highest mountain peak in Oceania, on account of", "id": "10699530" }, { "contents": "Polish Australians\n\n\na geological and mineralogical survey of the Gippsland region in present-day eastern Victoria, where he made many discoveries including gold in 1839. In 1839, with an expedition crew, Strzelecki set out from Sydney on an expedition into the Australian Alps. In 1840 he climbed the highest peak on mainland Australia and named it Mount Kosciuszko. He reached Melbourne on 28 May 1840. From 1840 to 1842 Strzelecki explored Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land). Having travelled 11,000 kilometres (7,000 miles) through New South Wales", "id": "17003206" }, { "contents": "Ben Lomond (Tasmania)\n\n\nmapframe frameless text=\"Map of Ben Lomond National Park\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" latitude=\"-41.5611\" longitude=\"147.6614\" zoom=\"9\" align=\"right\" /mapframe Ben Lomond is a mountain in the north-east of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is composed of a central massif with an extensive plateau above and high outlier peaks projecting from the mountain. The highest feature on the plateau is the unimposing summit of Legges Tor, at 1572 m, on the northern aspect of the plateau. The southern end of the plateau is dominated by Stacks Bluff, , which is", "id": "18552014" }, { "contents": "Victoria (Australia)\n\n\n. It is bordered by South Australia to the west and shares Australia's shortest land border with Tasmania. The official border between Victoria and Tasmania is at 39°12' S, which passes through Boundary Islet in the Bass Strait for 85 metres. Victoria contains many topographically, geologically and climatically diverse areas, ranging from the wet, temperate climate of Gippsland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost , with Mount Bogong the highest peak at . There are extensive semi-arid plains to", "id": "2105879" }, { "contents": "Junipero Serra Peak\n\n\nJunipero Serra Peak is the highest mountain in the Santa Lucia Mountains of California. It is also the highest peak in Monterey County. It is named after Franciscan Friar Junípero Serra, founder of the California Missions. It was originally named Santa Lucia Peak, as it is the highest point in the range of the same name. Wanting to honor Junípero Serra, the Native Daughters of the Golden West had bestowed his name upon a Sierra Nevada peak in June 1905. However, the Sierra Club recommended that the name be transferred to", "id": "20090489" }, { "contents": "West Coast, Tasmania\n\n\nthe railways can be found in the separate article West Coast Tasmania Railways. The mining history was captured first in Charles Whitham's Western Tasmania book - and Geoffrey Blainey's Peaks of Lyell and the books that have followed. See also the list at West Coast Tasmania Mines for a list that includes historical names and locations - many now long abandoned. The vast tracts of forest (Huon Pine, among others) in the west coast region have been subject to fire, and exploitation - as well as significant areas now under conservation", "id": "15279813" }, { "contents": "Mount Tianzhu\n\n\nTianzhu Mountain or Mount Tianzhu () is a mountain in Anhui, China. Tianzhu Mountain is also called Mount Wan (), from which the provincial abbreviation for Anhui (\"Wan\") derives. Ancient names of the mountain include Mount Huo 霍山, Mount Heng 衡山 (not to be confused with Mount Heng in Hunan Province), and Taiyue 太岳. The mountain is located in Qianshan County, Anqing City. Tianzhu Mountain has 45 peaks which are 1000 metres above sea level. Its highest point has an elevation of .", "id": "16225858" }, { "contents": "Doyle Peak\n\n\nDoyle Peak is in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona and is the fourth highest peak, but the sixth highest named point in the state of Arizona with an elevation of . Both Aubineau Peak and Rees Peak are higher, but they do not have enough prominence to be considered independent peaks. In spite of the name \"Doyle\" on modern maps this elevation was known as \"Schultz\" Peak at least through the 1930s. \"Doyle Peak\" was traditionally the name of the ridge west of Fremont Peak. The elevation", "id": "17897134" }, { "contents": "Lake Dora (Tasmania)\n\n\nLake Dora is a lake and also short-lived mining area of the late 1890s located in the West Coast Range of Western Tasmania, Australia. It has a surface level of . It has two adjacent tarns just west of it, Maxfield and Michael Tarns, and numerous unnamed smaller lakes and water features. The nearest named features are Walford Peak at , approximately to the north west; and Farquhar Lookout at , located to the south west. It is north north west of Eldon Peak Located east of the Mount Tyndall area", "id": "6019262" }, { "contents": "Ironstone Mountain\n\n\nThe Ironstone Mountain is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. Part of Great Western Tiers escarpment, the mountain is situated south of the small country village of Mole Creek. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is the highest peak of the Great Western Tiers and has a nearby companion lake, Lake Ironstone. The highest point is marked with a trig point, but more dominant is the slightly lower part of the mountain depicted here in the information box. The mountain is at grid", "id": "1889613" }, { "contents": "Pikes Peak\n\n\nThe Leader\". American explorer Zebulon Pike named the mountain \"Highest Peak\" in 1806, and the mountain was later commonly known as \"Pike's Highest Peak\". American explorer Stephen Harriman Long named the mountain \"James Peak\" in honor of Edwin James who climbed to the summit in 1820. The mountain was later renamed \"Pike's Peak\" in honor of Pike. The name was simplified to \"Pikes Peak\" by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1890. Pikes Peak is one of Colorado's", "id": "11333064" }, { "contents": "Arthur Range (Tasmania)\n\n\n-West from Mount Hesperus to West Portal. This section of the range was first traversed in the early 1960s. Access to the Western Arthurs is usually from the Scotts peak dam camp site () via part of the Port Davey Track. The Western Arthurs are studded with many lakes formed from ice-age glaciers. Among these are: From the north western end, closest to the Port Davey Track: The Eastern Arthurs runs North-South from the end of the Western Arthurs and includes the highest peak of the range", "id": "4438403" }, { "contents": "Tasmania\n\n\nTasmania (; abbreviated as TAS, nicknamed Tassie) is an island state of Australia. It is located to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 islands. The state has a population of around 531,500 . Just over forty percent of the population resides in the Greater Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city, Hobart. Tasmania's area is , of", "id": "10557683" }, { "contents": "St Mary Peak\n\n\nSt Mary Peak (Native name: Ngarri Mudlanha) is a mountain located in the Australian state of South Australia on the northwestern side of Wilpena Pound and is the highest peak in the Flinders Ranges with a height of . It is located within the Flinders Ranges National Park and the gazetted locality of Flinders Ranges, South Australia. St Mary Peak is the eighth highest peak in South Australia (the highest seven all being in the Musgrave Ranges). Its former name \"St Mary's Peak\" (legally changed according to the", "id": "1170299" }, { "contents": "Rongme Ngatra\n\n\nRongme Ngatra is the highest peak of the Chola Mountains in the Kham region of western Sichuan, China. The peak's name in Mandarin Chinese is Que Er Shan () also the same name as the entire range, which has led to some translations of the mountain peak to Chola Mountain. At , the mountain is the highest peak in the Chola Mountains, as well as the second highest in the greater Shaluli Mountains after Ge'nyen. The mountain peak is flanked by glaciers to the north and east. The north glacier terminates", "id": "19153837" }, { "contents": "Australian Three Peaks Race\n\n\nrunners often comprising members of armed forced, professions, youth or other groups would compete against teams from the general sailing and running communities. The course took teams from the northern Tasmanian port of Beauty Point to Hobart in the south. Three sailing legs and three endurance running legs took the yachts and their teams past some of Tasmania's spectacular coastal scenery including the highest sea cliffs in the Southern Hemisphere. The race course was approximately: The concept of the race is similar to the British Barmouth to Fort William Three Peaks Yacht Race", "id": "6847912" }, { "contents": "Peak 5390\n\n\nPeak 5390, also known as Veniaminof Peak and Lacey Peak, is the highest peak on Baranof Island and the Alexander Archipelago which are located in southeast Alaska. Peak 5390 is an informal name, named after the peak's height in feet, but is unnamed by USGS maps. Peak 5390 ranks as the highest island-based peak in the U.S. outside of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska and volcanos on Hawai‘i and Maui islands. Peak 5390 takes most backpackers one or two nights to approach due to its central location on Baranof Island", "id": "3921879" }, { "contents": "Southern Championship\n\n\nThe Southern Championship is an association football league in Southern Tasmania. It is jointly with the Northern Championship, the second highest level soccer competition in Tasmania. Nationally, it sits below the A-League and NPL Tasmania. It is controlled by the Football Federation Tasmania (FFT). Prior to the 2015 season it was known as the Southern Premier League and for sponsorship reasons as the Forestry Tasmania Southern Premier League Between 2001 and 2012 the Southern and Northern Premier Leagues were jointly the state's highest level of soccer competition (but", "id": "7270441" }, { "contents": "Australian rules football in Tasmania\n\n\nFootball Club has confirmed that it will play two games per year in Hobart at Bellerive Oval starting from 2012. In 2007, there were 4,500 senior players and a total of 32,138 participants in Aussie Rules in Tasmania. A total participation per capita of 5% is the second-highest participation in the country, behind the Northern Territory. In 2004 the Board of Management of AFL Tasmania named a Team of the Century for the state. It had 18 on field and seven interchange players as well as an umpire, coach and", "id": "8307216" }, { "contents": "Mount Olympus (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Olympus is a mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. It is the 24th highest mountain in Tasmania at above sea level and is situated about South-East of Mount Gould and about west of Lake St. Clair. In 1835 George Frankland climbed the mountain and named it Mount Olympus. Mount Olympus was painted by the Australian landscape painter, William Charles Piguenit. It was purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1875 and was the Gallery's first oil painting acquisition,", "id": "9515299" }, { "contents": "Kaçkar Mountains\n\n\nand, increasingly, heliskiing. The name \"Kaçkar\" (from Armenian \"khachkar\" (Խաչքար) literally meaning \"cross stone\") may be used in various senses. It may describe the whole mountain range, including the many mountain groups, or it may just describe the Kaçkar-Kavron group with its highest peak, or just the highest peak itself. The local name of the highest peak or its mountain group \"Kaçkar Dağı\" translates to \"Kaçkar Mountain\", and the name of the range \"Kaçkar", "id": "3762745" }, { "contents": "Howse Peak\n\n\nHowse Peak is the highest mountain in the Waputik Mountains, a subrange of the Canadian Rockies. It is located west of the Icefields Parkway, above Chephren Lake, on the continental divide between Alberta and British Columbia. At , it is the 46th highest peak in Alberta, and the 59th highest in British Columbia. Howse Peak's name comes from Howse Pass, which lies to the west. The pass was named by David Thompson, after the Hudson's Bay Company trader Joseph Howse, who crossed the pass in 1809.", "id": "16407813" }, { "contents": "Zemu Gap Peak\n\n\nZemu Gap Peak or Zemu Peak () is a peak on a high ridge running east of the south summit of Kangchenjunga in the Himalayas. It is located in Sikkim, India. It is one of the highest unclimbed named peaks of the world. There have been no known attempts to climb this peak. Because of its extremely low topographic prominence, Zemu Gap Peak does not appear on lists of highest unclimbed mountains nor on lists of highest mountains of the world. The website Peakware.com describes the peak as \"...one of", "id": "19507924" }, { "contents": "University Peak (Alaska)\n\n\nUniversity Peak is a high peak in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska. It is one of the twenty highest peaks in Alaska , and one of the fifty highest peaks in the United States. It can be considered a southern outlier of the large massif of Mount Bona. However, it is a much steeper peak than Bona, and presents significant climbing challenges of its own. The peak was named by Terris Moore during the first ascent of Mount Bona; the name refers to the University of Alaska. The first ascent of", "id": "18095570" }, { "contents": "Electrolytic Zinc\n\n\nElectrolytic Zinc or the Electrolyic Zinc Company of Australasia (frequently abbreviated to \"EZ\" ) was the company that operated a Zinc refinery on the banks of the Derwent River in Risdon in Hobart in Tasmania between 1916 and 1984. The refinery was often given names such as the \"Risdon works\", the \"Zinc works\",\"reduction works\" The current usage and place name located at the Risdon works is identified as Lutana. The operations of the Risdon works were tied in with the mining of zinc in Rosebery on the West Coast of", "id": "13967323" }, { "contents": "Mount Garibaldi\n\n\nGaribaldi Névé Traverse, an overnight adventure that (weather permitting) can include a fine descent of Mount Garibaldi. The broad top of Mount Garibaldi contains three named peaks. The highest peak is named as the mountain itself, reaching above sea level. The second highest peak is the sharp pyramid of Atwell Peak at the southern edge of the summit plateau, which reaches a height of and lies on the southwest end of Garibaldi Provincial Park. This peak is named after Atwell Duncan Francis Joseph King, leader of the first ascent of", "id": "7591145" }, { "contents": "Gray Peak (New York)\n\n\nGray Peak is the seventh-highest peak in the High Peaks Region of the Adirondack Park, in New York, United States, and is located in close proximity to Mount Marcy, the highest peak in New York state. Gray Peak is southwest of Mt. Marcy and southeast of Mount Colden. It was named for Asa Gray by Verplanck Colvin. Gray Peak is most frequently climbed from Lake Tear of the Clouds, with approaches via Elk Lake or Upper Works. Gray is the highest peak in the Adirondacks without a maintained and", "id": "16096050" }, { "contents": "Cnoc an Chuillinn\n\n\nCnoc an Chuillinn (Irish for \"hill of the steep slope\"), at , is the sixth-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin list and the seventh-highest peak in Ireland on the Vandeleur-Lynam list. The name is sometimes incorrectly anglicised to Knockacullion, which is a name used for peaks and townlands in other parts of Ireland. Cnoc an Chuillinn is part of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks range in County Kerry. Cnoc an Chuillinn lies in the eastern section of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks, Ireland's highest", "id": "5745958" }, { "contents": "Gefiontinde\n\n\nGefiontinde (Gefion Peak) is the highest mountain in Queen Louise Land (), NE Greenland. The peak is located in the King Frederick VIII Land area of northeastern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park zone. This peak was named after Gefion, the virgin sister of Danish deities who is said to have ploughed the whole Danish island of Zealand \"(Sjælland)\" in one night. Gefiontinde is the highest peak in a group of peaks named \"Gefions Tinder\" or \"Gefiontinder\" at", "id": "2320827" }, { "contents": "Mount Dawson (Canada)\n\n\nMount Dawson, elevation , is a massif in the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia, Canada, located in Glacier National Park to the southeast of Rogers Pass. It is a double summit, the highest of which is Hasler Peak, the second peak being Feuz Peak, with Hasler Peak's elevation making it the highest summit in Glacier National Park and the second highest in the Selkirks. Mount Dawson is ranked as the 58th highest mountain in British Columbia. The Dawson Glacier is located on its eastern flank. Mount Dawson was named", "id": "16915158" }, { "contents": "List of mountains and mountain ranges of Denali National Park and Preserve\n\n\nMountains in Denali National Park and Preserve are part of the Alaska Range, with several subsidiary ranges included within the overall Alaska Range. Denali (also known as Mount McKinley), is the highest peak in the park and the highest peak in North America at The names listed here reflect the official names in the USGS U.S. Board on Geographic Names database. They in most cases exclude subsidiary peaks of larger mountains — McKinley alone has dozens of prominent points above 15,000 feet. The final version of this list will include all named peaks", "id": "16164112" }, { "contents": "Polezhan\n\n\nPolezhan (, old name Mangar Tepe) is the highest granite peak in the Pirin Mountains and the fourth highest after Vihren, Kutelo and Banski Suhodol (all three are marble peaks). The closest mountain hut is Hizha Bezbog named after Bezbog which lies near Polezhan. Depending on weather conditions the mountain hut is about 2-3h from Polezhan. Two of the highest lakes in Pirin are situated next to Polezhan, namely the \"Upper Polezhan Lake\" (2710 m), which is also the highest lake in Bulgaria,", "id": "4115618" }, { "contents": "Boston Mountains\n\n\nthe Ozark plateau where they are the highest portion of the Ozarks. Summits can reach elevations of just over with valleys to deep. Turner Ward Knob (TWK) is the highest named peak. Located in western Newton County, Arkansas, its elevation is . Nearby, five unnamed peaks have elevations at or slightly above . Two of these highest peaks are located west of Turner Ward Knob, one being the location of the Buffalo Lookout fire tower at . The other three highest peaks are located south-southwest of Turner Ward Knob", "id": "6964143" }, { "contents": "Mount Blackburn\n\n\nMount Blackburn is the highest peak in the Wrangell Mountains of Alaska in the United States. It is the fifth-highest peak in the United States and the twelfth-highest peak in North America. The mountain is an old, eroded shield volcano, the second-highest volcano in the U.S. behind Mount Bona and the fifth-highest in North America. It was named in 1885 by Lt. Henry T. Allen of the U.S. Army after Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn, a U.S. senator from Kentucky. It is located in the", "id": "142703" }, { "contents": "Royal Automobile Club of Tasmania\n\n\nThe Royal Automobile Club of Tasmania normally abbreviated to RACT is a motoring club in Tasmania, Australia. The organisation was established in 1923 and now has over 191,000 members. It is a member of the Australian Automobile Association. It provides services such as roadside assistance, vehicle, home and contents insurance, personal and car loans, driver's education, tourism services and home security products. In addition to consumer services, the club also engages in consumer advocacy, particularly in regard to gasoline prices, which are both historically and recently", "id": "11416783" }, { "contents": "South Eastern Highlands\n\n\nsuch as in the north, Queanbeyan and Yass in the centre, in the east, and the town of Bombala in the south. The South Eastern Highlands are an important source of gold, copper, tin, oil, and natural gas. The region is known for the mountains and plateaus that parallel the east and southeast territory of Australia. This forms the Continental Divide, which includes Tasmania, and rises to Mount Kosciuszko, continental Australia’s highest peak at tall. The South Eastern Highlands have been occupied by many groups", "id": "4984635" }, { "contents": "Case citation\n\n\n. An example of the citation form is: \"Wheaton v. Peters\", 29 F. Cas. 862 (C.C.E.D. Pa. 1832) (No. 17,486). State court decisions are published in several places. Many states have their own official state reporters, which publish decisions of one or more of that state's courts. Reporters that publish decisions of a state's highest court are abbreviated the same as the state's name (note: this is the traditional abbreviation, not the postal abbreviation), regardless of what the", "id": "16869648" }, { "contents": "Delano Peak\n\n\nDelano Peak is the highest point in the Tushar Mountains of south-central Utah. The Tushars are the third-highest range in the state, after the Uinta Mountains and the La Sal Range, though Delano itself is surpassed in height by at least thirty-one other Utah peaks. Located in the Fishlake National Forest, Delano Peak is the highest point in both Beaver and Piute counties. The mountain is named for Columbus Delano (1809–1896), Secretary of the Interior during the Grant administration. Delano Peak is located just", "id": "10336220" }, { "contents": "Sticht Range\n\n\nThe Sticht Range is a mountain range located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. The range runs between two tributaries of the Eldon River and is located within the eastern part of the West Coast Range and has an unnamed peak with an elevation of above sea level. It was named after Robert Carl Sticht, the manager of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company. It was affected by the 2016 Tasmanian bushfires The range can be viewed from the Hydro Tasmania built road (B24) at Lake Plimsoll. It is", "id": "2931498" }, { "contents": "South West Wilderness\n\n\nThe South West Wilderness of Tasmania, Australia is a remote and inaccessible region of South West Tasmania containing unspoilt scenery, rugged peaks, wild rivers, unique flora and fauna, and a long and rugged coastline. Parts of the wilderness are more than 50 km from the nearest road, so the only access to the area is by foot, air or sea. It has been known by a variety of names over the last century, and the label has been affected by a number of threats to the region. For some", "id": "8885816" }, { "contents": "Triglav\n\n\nTriglav (; , ), with an elevation of , is the highest mountain in Slovenia and the highest peak of the Julian Alps. The mountain is the pre-eminent symbol of the Slovene Nation. It is the centrepiece of Triglav National Park, Slovenia's only national park. Triglav was also the highest peak in Yugoslavia before Slovenia's independence in 1991. Various names have been used for the mountain through history. An old map from 1567 named it \"Ocra mons\", whereas Johann Weikhard von Valvasor named it \"Krma", "id": "11133565" }, { "contents": "Bashful Peak\n\n\nBashful Peak is a mountain in the U.S. state of Alaska, located in Chugach State Park. At , Bashful is the highest peak in Chugach State Park, and the highest peak in the Municipality of Anchorage. The peak carries snow year-round and several small glaciers hang from its steep western face. The peak was named in 1958 by members of the Mountaineering Club of Alaska because \"it is often hidden by other peaks, ridges, or clouds.\" Bashful Peak is a challenging climb due to its height, loose", "id": "15107693" }, { "contents": "Chelan Mountains\n\n\nMountains. Most of the range is within Wenatchee National Forest. The northern end is part of the Glacier Peak Wilderness. The highest peak of the Chelan Mountains is Cardinal Peak, at . Other major peaks include Emerald Peak, Saska Peak, Pinnacle Mountain, Pyramid Mountain, and Gopher Mountain. All these peaks are over . They are all located in the northern part of the Chelan Range. The highest peak of the southern portion is Stormy Mountain, at . The range's name comes from the Chelan tribe. A large", "id": "5458437" }, { "contents": "Williams Peak (Custer County, Idaho)\n\n\nWilliams Peak, at high is the 6th highest peak in the Sawtooth Mountains of Idaho and is located within the Sawtooth Wilderness portion of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The peak lies north-northwest of Thompson Peak, the highest peak in the range. The town of Stanley, Idaho is northeast of the peak. Views of the peak may be accessed from the scenic Idaho State Highway 75, and on hiking trails from Redfish Lake and throughout the Sawtooth and White Cloud Mountains. Williams Peak is named for pioneer Dave Williams,", "id": "21029356" }, { "contents": "Mount Barrow\n\n\naltitude of above sea level, making it the second highest peak in eastern Tasmania. The road to the summit is periodically closed in winter due to snow; near the summit this becomes a narrow gravel road leading to a parking area, with an old stone hut nearby. The snow line is located at around . The mountain is in lands once occupied by Tasmanian Aborigines and lies at the border of country occupied by the Ben Lomond Nation, to the south; the Letteremairener Clan, in the Tamar Valley and the Pyemmairrenerpairrener clan", "id": "7560221" }, { "contents": "Port Davey Track\n\n\nfourteen days. The track draws its name from Port Davey, an oceanic inlet named in honour of Thomas Davey, a former Governor of Tasmania. From the Scotts Peak Dam Road in the north, the track trailhead is located adjacent to the Huon Campground (), the southern terminus of the Scotts Peak Dam Road. The track heads south towards the Arthur Range and then west to the Crossing Plains. Further south, the track runs adjacent to the Crossing River, moving through the Lost World Plateau, following the Erskine Range", "id": "17512296" }, { "contents": "Langeberg\n\n\nThe Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2075m and 15 km NE of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is 1710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks. The name is Dutch and means \"long", "id": "15453650" }, { "contents": "Korab (name)\n\n\n. The village has a population of 270. \"Mount Korab\" ( , \"Golem Korab\") is the highest peak of the eponymous fourth highest mountain in the entire Balkan Peninsula, standing at . The summit of the Korab mountain range on the Albania—North Macedonia border, Korab is the highest peak of Albania and North Macedonia and also one of only two summits in Europe, which are the highest point for more than one country. The Korab is also the 18th most prominent mountain peak in the European continent.", "id": "7048712" }, { "contents": "Entiat Mountains\n\n\npeaks are over and the three highest are over . They are all located in the northern part of the Entiat Range. The highest peaks of the southern portion are under . Significant peaks of the southern Entiat Range include Cougar Mountain, Tyee Mountain, Sugarloaf Peak, Chumstick Mountain, and Burch Mountain. The name comes from the Entiat tribe. A large number of place names, including many of the mountains, were given by Albert H. Sylvester. In July 2014, several wildfires, including the Mills Canyon Fire and the Kelly", "id": "5458294" }, { "contents": "Mount Jukes (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Jukes is a mountain located on the Jukes Range, a spur off the West Coast Range, in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, with multiple peaks, and glacial lakes on its upper eastern reaches, Mount Jukes is situated above the town of Crotty and is west of Lake Burbury. The mountain was named by Charles Gould in 1862 in honour of Professor Joseph Jukes, an English geologist who gathered evidence to part afforded support for Charles Darwin's theories of coral reefs", "id": "11186493" }, { "contents": "Brad Smith (entrepreneur)\n\n\nBradley “Brad” Smith (born 1 July 1987) is an Australian entrepreneur and former motocross rider, who founded the motocross brand “braaap”. In 2010 he was named Young Australian of the Year for Tasmania, Australian Young Entrepreneur of the year and International Young Entrepreneur of the year runner up. In 2008 Smith launched the first braaap store, a retail outlet intended to be “the motocross equivalent of a surf shop”. braaap expanded to a peak of four retail outlets across Tasmania and Victoria. Smith was born", "id": "13174007" }, { "contents": "Cathedral Range\n\n\nThe Cathedral Range is a mountain range immediately to the south of Tuolumne Meadows in Yosemite National Park. The range is an offshoot of the Sierra Nevada. The range is named after Cathedral Peak, which resembles a cathedral spire. The range includes Cathedral Peak, Unicorn Peak, Eichorn Pinnacle, Echo Peaks, Echo Ridge, Matthes Crest, and Cockscomb. The highest point in the range is Mount Florence, one of the most prominent peaks in the Yosemite high country. The highest peak in Tuolumne Meadows is Johnson Peak. The", "id": "11806346" }, { "contents": "Humphreys Peak\n\n\nHumphreys Peak (, ) is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Arizona, with an elevation of and is located within the Kachina Peaks Wilderness in the Coconino National Forest, about north of Flagstaff, Arizona. Humphreys Peak is the highest of a group of dormant volcanic peaks known as the San Francisco Peaks. The summit can be most easily reached by hiking the long Humphreys Summit Trail that begins at the Arizona Snowbowl ski resort in the Coconino National Forest. Humphreys Peak was named in about 1870 for General Andrew A.", "id": "18824770" }, { "contents": "Emory Peak\n\n\nEmory Peak, located in Big Bend National Park, is the highest peak in the Chisos Mountains. and the highest in Brewster County. The peak is named for William H. Emory, the chief surveyor of the U.S. Boundary Survey team of 1852. From the Chisos Basin the peak appears to be a minor ridge, while the summit of Casa Grande, one mile closer, seems to be much taller. From the west, Emory Peak is clearly visible as a point slightly higher than most of the mountain range. The peak", "id": "5210318" }, { "contents": "Legges Tor\n\n\nThe Legges Tor is the summit of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the second highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Vincent Legge who explored the region. It is an unimposing feature on the plateau, being a rocky knoll behind the more spectacular cliffs of Giblin Fells, yet as the summit of the national park it is a popular destination with bushwalkers. A walking track leads to the summit from the ski village and from Carr Villa hut in the northern foothills of Ben Lomond. Before", "id": "21789535" }, { "contents": "Thirteener\n\n\ncount, Colorado has 637 peaks that exceed and meet the prominence criteria, of which 53 are fourteeners. The highest of them less than 14,000 feet are as follows (the rank includes higher peaks): Grizzly Peak is not only the name of Colorado's highest thirteener, but the state has four other Grizzly Peaks plus one Grizzly Mountain on the list: Other notable Colorado thirteeners include: California has the second greatest number of thirteeners with 149 of them, of which 12 are fourteeners. The highest under 14,000 feet are as", "id": "6947515" }, { "contents": "Tamar Valley Power Station\n\n\nTamar Valley Power Station is a $230 million natural gas-fired power station located in Bell Bay in the Tamar Valley, Tasmania. It is owned by Hydro Tasmania, and is immediately adjacent to the decommissioned Bell Bay Power Station, which is also owned by Hydro Tasmania. The station's total nameplate capacity is 388 MW, and includes four peaking units totalling 178 MW, and one base-load combined cycle unit of 210 MW. The four peaking units are: three 40 MW (total 120 MW) pre-", "id": "10397860" }, { "contents": "Hunter Mountains\n\n\nThe Hunter Mountains of Lake Manapouri, New Zealand, were named by surveyor James McKerrow after the famous anatomist John Hunter. The Hunter Mountain Range covers an area between The South Arm and Hope Arm of Lake Manapouri South to the Green Lake. The Hunters contains several impressive peaks, Cone Peak, Mount Moturau, Mount Crescent, Mt Burns, Eldrig Peak, the Highest Named Point is Mt Flat, the highest point is an unnamed peak at the head of the Garnoch Burn. Mount Moturau is accessible Via the Bicycle spur track", "id": "368512" }, { "contents": "Mount Murchison (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Murchison is a mountain on the West Coast Range, located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. At above sea level, it is the highest mountain in the range and within the top thirty highest mountains in Tasmania. Lying close to the Williamsford and Tullah mining areas, the mountain is often found referred to in early photographs. It lies east of Zeehan, and Mount Read, and north of Mount Tyndall. The track to the summit takes approximately 2.5 hours to complete with infrequent rests. The total walk", "id": "2370839" }, { "contents": "Mount Ossa (Tasmania)\n\n\nthat Cradle Mountain was the highest in Tasmania, with inexact equipment stymying attempts to closely examine the area. It was confirmed to be the highest mountain in Tasmania after an aerial survey in 1954. In 1892 the \"Mole Creek and Zeehan Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Company Ltd\" discovered Permian coal at the base of Mt Ossa and surrounding areas, excavating several tunnels. The seams were found to be of low quality and the tunnels were not developed, although copper mining was present in the surrounding area. A 1920s attempt to prospect", "id": "512576" }, { "contents": "McArthur Peak\n\n\nMcArthur Peak is a peak in the Saint Elias Mountains of Yukon, Canada. The peak, 31st highest in the Yukon, sits 11 km NE of Mount Logan, the highest mountain in Canada. A secondary peak two kilometres to the east is known as McArthur East. The peak was named for James Joseph McArthur, a Dominion Land Surveyor who also made the first ascent of a Canadian peak over 10,000 ft (3047 m) — Mount Stephen in 1887. The first ascent was made in 1961 from the Hubbard Glacier up", "id": "20310363" }, { "contents": "D. O. Lee Peak\n\n\nD. O. Lee Peak, also known as Lee Peak, at above sea level, is the third-highest peak in the White Cloud Mountains of the U.S. state of Idaho. It is one of the White Cloud Peaks and the 56th-highest peak in Idaho. It was named after Challis native David Oliver Lee (1934–1982), the first United States Forest Service ranger to be assigned to the Sawtooth Wilderness. The peak is located southeast of in Sawtooth National Recreation Area of Custer County. It is situated south-southwest", "id": "21340405" }, { "contents": "Tasmania University Union\n\n\nemploying relevant staff, controls the budgets of the Union, and acts as the highest point of review for the entire Union, including the SRC. The SRCs focus on the everyday aspects of student life, particularly educational and welfare advocacy as well as hosting various events and activities. The State Council is the peak statewide body constituted to deal with student representation and activities. This includes representing students in university decision-making processes and forums, developing and supporting student networks, assisting the university to consult with students, providing a voice", "id": "18953045" }, { "contents": "Climate of Australia\n\n\nof extensive heatwaves known as the Angry Summer in early 2013. Marble Bar achieved 160 consecutive days above in 1923–24. Nyang had an average maximum of 44.8 °C for the months of February 1998 and January 2005, an Australian record. At the other extreme, average January maximums are near 15 °C on the highest peaks of the south-east ranges and near 20 °C in much of Tasmania. In most of the desert region during summer, cool days are rare and usually associated with major rain events—a", "id": "2434032" }, { "contents": "Supreme Court of Tasmania\n\n\nThe Supreme Court of Tasmania is the highest State court in the Australian State of Tasmania. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Supreme Court of Tasmania is in the middle level, with both an appellate jurisdiction over lower courts, and decisions made by Court to be heard on appeal by the High Court of Australia. The ordinary sittings of the Court occur in Hobart, Launceston and Burnie in Tasmania. The Court's Appeal division sits only in Hobart. The Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land (as Tasmania was then known", "id": "15467340" }, { "contents": "Mount Huxley (Tasmania)\n\n\nMount Huxley is a mountain located on the West Coast Range in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain was named by Charles Gould in 1863 in honour of Professor Thomas Henry Huxley. One of the smaller peaks in the West Coast Range, the mountain comprises a large outcrop and rock face on its southern side above the King River Gorge just west of the Crotty Dam – parts of which are visible along the river gorge from the West Coast Wilderness Railway where it commences", "id": "11186132" }, { "contents": "Jack Thwaites\n\n\nJohn Barrass (Jack) Thwaites (1902–1986) was a British Australian pioneer Tasmanian bushwalker and conservationist. He made lifelong contributions to the community through his work with the National Fitness Council, Hobart Walking Club, Youth Hostels of Australia and his service on several National Parks Boards. Thwaites Plateau near Federation Peak in Tasmania's South-West National Park is named after him. Jack Thwaites was born in 1902 at Kendal in northern England. In 1913 he emigrated with his family to Hobart, Tasmania, where he was educated at the", "id": "543992" }, { "contents": "Villgraten Mountains\n\n\nthe other way around, thus naming the highest point as the \"Rote Spitze\". Because the sources do not agree on the naming of these peaks, the designation used by the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying is generally preferred. They confirm that the eastern summit is called the Weiße Spitze with a height of as the highest peak in the group. No peak in the Villgraten Mountains reaches the 3000 metre mark, but there are 20 summits higher than They are (sorted by height): Four larger valleys runs", "id": "1384739" }, { "contents": "Hyndman Peak\n\n\nHyndman Peak, at an elevation of above sea level, is the ninth highest peak in Idaho and the highest point in the Pioneer Mountains, Sawtooth National Forest, and Blaine County. Hyndman Peak is located on the border of Custer and Blaine counties. The towns of Hailey, Ketchum, and Sun Valley are west of the peak. The mountain was named after Major William Hyndman, an early settler, and businessperson in the local mining industry. The first recorded ascent of Hyndman Peak was made in 1889 by W. T. Griswold", "id": "14910848" }, { "contents": "Chinese Peak (Idaho)\n\n\nChinese Peak is a summit in Bannock County, Idaho, in the United States. This peak is the highest point in the portion of the Portneuf Range called the Pocatello Range. With an elevation of , Chinese Peak is the 1069th highest summit in the state of Idaho. The peak is a fire lookout site and a road/bike trail leads to the top. Formerly called Chinks Peak, the summit was named for a Chinese man who died near the summit in the 1890s. Following controversy over the use of ethnic slur", "id": "18793710" }, { "contents": "Truchas Peak\n\n\nTruchas Peak (more precisely, South Truchas Peak) is the second highest peak in the U.S. State of New Mexico behind Wheeler Peak. It is in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains northeast of Santa Fe. It lies within the Pecos Wilderness, part of the Santa Fe National Forest. (The north end of the mountain borders on the Carson National Forest.) The name of the peak is Spanish for \"trout\" (plural). It is the highest point in both Rio Arriba and Mora counties. The entire mountain", "id": "19405505" }, { "contents": "Abercrombie Mountain\n\n\nAbercrombie Mountain is a tall peak in the Selkirk Mountains of northeast Washington located within the Colville National Forest. At in elevation, it is the highest point in Stevens County, and the second highest peak in eastern Washington. Gypsy Peak, within the Salmo-Priest Wilderness is at least taller. With a prominence of , Abercrombie Mountain is one of the ultra prominent peaks in the United States, and is the 7th most prominent peak in the state of Washington. Abercrombie Peak was named for Lieutenant William R. Abercrombie, who explored", "id": "2909701" }, { "contents": "Alagna Valsesia\n\n\n; the first one was on 23 July 1801 when Pietro Giordani, a native of Alagna, reached the summit of the peak which now is called by his name (Giordani peak, ). In 1819 Zumstein reached the third highest Monte Rosa peak (Zumstein peak, ). Finally between August the 8th and the 9th, the Alagna parish priest, reached, after three attempts, the fourth tallest peak of Monte Rosa and the highest in the Alagna Valley, the today called Gnifetti Peak (). The mountaineering tradition is", "id": "7128578" }, { "contents": "List of mountains of Bangladesh\n\n\npeak as 3,174 feet/967 meters by Garmin gps device for the first time. Exact Geo location of the highest point was N 22°00.714', E 92°35.863'.\"Maithai jam Haphong\" name came from Tripura language, which means,\"Bad hilly place for vegetation\". According to Tripura language \"Haphong\" means hill. Stream(jhiri) route to summit & view from the peak is extraordinary. Thingdawlte Tlang is a significant peak of Bangladesh. This peak is the Highest point of 'lawmbok Row' range and possible 7th highest of", "id": "16191542" }, { "contents": "Revaltoppe\n\n\nRevaltoppe is one of the highest mountains in Queen Louise Land, NE Greenland. The peak is located in the King Frederick VIII Land area of northeastern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park zone. This peak was named after Reval, an old name for the capital of Estonia, where the Dannebrog is said to have dropped from the sky during a battle between the Danes and the Estonians in 1219. Revaltoppe is the highest peak in a group of nunataks to the west of Dannebrogsfjeldene, at the southwestern", "id": "2320559" } ]

[ { "contents": "Yakkity Yak\n\n\nYakkity Yak is an Australian–Canadian animated television series created by Mark Gravas that ran on Teletoon in Canada and on Nickelodeon in Australia from November 9, 2002 to December 12, 2003. The series was known for its surreal humor and featured animation incongruous with Nickelodeon's typical style. The story centers around an anthropomorphic yak named Yakkity who aspires to become a famous comedian and his friends, Keo (an anthropomorphic pineapple) and Lemony (a young human girl). A modified version of the 1958 soul song \"Yakety Yak", "id": "974891" }, { "contents": "Yakkity Yak\n\n\n\" by The Coasters (in which children sing some portions) is used as the series' theme song. \"Yakkity Yak\" debuted on Canada's Teletoon on January 4, 2003, with the last episode airing on January 28, 2004. It also aired on BBC Kids. In the UK it aired on CBBC. On January 17, 2004, it was added to the Nicktoons Network schedule for a few years, but it was removed from the rotation on October 2, 2007. Previously known as \"The Yakking", "id": "974892" }, { "contents": "Chattery Teeth\n\n\nChattery Teeth are a children's wind-up toy designed by Eddy Goldfarb for design company Marvin Glass and Associates. Originally called \"Yakkity Yak Talking Teeth\" upon release in 1949 by novelty company H. Fishlove & Co., a pair of mechanized teeth are wound up at the back, and the teeth clatter together. Reproductions are today sold at novelty stores. While most chattery teeth come equipped with walking feet, many models do not. Goldfarb's original design, which he claimed was inspired by his mother-in-law", "id": "16619691" }, { "contents": "Yakety Yak\n\n\nfor the glimpses into teenage life that characterized the songs Leiber and Stoller wrote and produced. The lyrics describe the listing of household chores to a kid, presumably a teenager, the teenager's response (\"yakety yak\") and the parents' retort (\"don't talk back\") — an experience very familiar to a middle-class teenager of the day. Leiber has said the Coasters portrayed \"a white kid’s view of a black person’s conception of white society.\" The serio-comic street-", "id": "15181796" }, { "contents": "YMCA Camp Warren\n\n\n: Yak, Yakity Yak, Yakity Yak Don't Talk Back, and Jedi Knight. Campers are able to fish in Half Moon Lake, though the activity is more popular during the boys sessions. Equipment owned by the camp includes rowboats, a pontoon and fishing gear. Camp Warren's archery rank system ranges from Yeoman to the Master Archer. Campers practice with a variety of bows and a variety of target distances in the secluded archery range. Used to exist in the 1980s. Range was located on the opposite side of", "id": "18816945" }, { "contents": "Bosom Buddies\n\n\nsyndication run. Many of the musical numbers featured during the show's run are edited or eliminated altogether from the DVD releases. Notable in this vein are the songs \"Yakkity Yak\" (from the episode \"Call Me Irresponsible\"), \"Chances Are\" (from \"All You Need is Love\") and \"Rock and Roll Heaven\" (from \"Hildy's Dirt Nap\"). This problem also affected the release of \"The Odd Couple\" On February 6, 2018, CBS Home Entertainment released \"", "id": "10617959" }, { "contents": "Kiyoshi Kohatsu\n\n\n. Under the tutelage and watchful eye of animator and director of cartoons Marv Newland, founder of \"International Rocketship\", Kiyoshi started a career dedicated to production of animation. As a freelancer, Kohatsu worked on several projects for DreamWorks, Warner Bros., MTV, Nickelodeon and Disney, Productions in which he has participated include \"Gary Larson's Tales from the Far Side\", Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Winnie the Pooh\", \"Mucha Lucha\", \"Yakkity Yak\", and \"The", "id": "12708361" }, { "contents": "Lee Tockar\n\n\nYakkity Yak\", as well as the evil Makuta Teridax in the Bionicle films. He also founded FanBuilt.com. Tockar was born in Kelowna, British Columbia on February 11, 1969. At the age of five, Tockar told his mother that he wanted to \"grow up to be a cartoon\". Tockar did not initially understand the concept of a cartoon when he made the statement. At the age of ten, Tockar won first place in a talent show for his vocal impersonations of Kermit the Frog and Bugs Bunny.", "id": "1714354" }, { "contents": "CJ the DJ\n\n\nCJ the DJ is an Australian animated TV series created first broadcast on ABC3. The show was created by Mark Gravas of \"Yakkity Yak\" fame and writer Stu Connolly. Fifty-two episodes were produced for the first season. Two episodes are often broadcast together, creating an impression that there are only twenty-six episodes in the first season. \"CJ The DJ\" follows the adventures of a 13-year-old girl with the nickname of CJ, with Lesley and Si they form a group of DJ wannabes and together", "id": "8857536" }, { "contents": "ASTRA Awards\n\n\non Subscription Television – Thredbo, Snow How (FOXTEL) Best Media Campaign for a Channel or Platform – MTV's Exquisite Corpse Campaign (MTV) Best Program for a Program or Series – MTV's Australian Top 30 (MTV) Best Campaign Launch for a Program or Series – \"Six Feet Under\" (Arena TV) Most Outstanding Australian Production Short Form – \"Magda's Big Things\" (TV1) Most Outstanding Australian Production (Kids) – \"Kids Yakkity Yak\" (Nickelodeon) Most Outstanding Australian Production (Music", "id": "15550736" }, { "contents": "Mark Gravas\n\n\nMark Gravas (born 29 September 1966) is an Australian animator, director and producer. He is the creator/director of \"Yakkity Yak\" (2002/2003), an Australian/Canadian co-production. Mark co-owns Sydney based media production company Kapow Pictures with his partner Sandra Walters. Mark Gravas directed the 2005 animated film \"\", He also designed and directed the 2006 Cartoon Network production of \"Casper's Scare School\". Gravas also co-owns the creative company Kapow Pictures, based in Sydney,", "id": "22126599" }, { "contents": "Mark Gravas\n\n\nwon a AACTA Award for best animated short in 2002. Mark created, designed and directed Yakkity Yak a 52 x 11 mins children's TV series for MTV Networks International in 2003. He designed and directed in 2005 and Casper's Scare School in 2006. He co-created (and designed and directed) CJ the DJ with Stu Connolly, a 52 x 11 mins children's TV series shown on ABC 3 in 2009. Mark has also designed and directed music videos including Everyone Seems to be Out to Get You selected", "id": "22126601" }, { "contents": "Don't Matter Now\n\n\nTalking about the song's background, he said: \"I wrote 'Don't Matter Now' to remind myself, primarily, that it's okay to want to take yourself away from situations from time to time,\" said Ezra. \"It was one of the first new songs I wrote after 'Wanted On Voyage', all the way back in sunny 2015. Events from back then can seem quite trivial at this point, but the song has made more sense to me as time has gone on. In", "id": "10237073" }, { "contents": "Political and religious beliefs of Stanley Kubrick\n\n\nthe Holocaust? That was about success, wasn't it? The Holocaust is about six million people who get killed. 'Schindler's List’ is about 600 who don't.\" Kubrick's friend Steven Spielberg, the director of the film, disbelievingly responded that he \"didn't recognize the voice of Stanley\" in Raphael's interviews. Though some have said Kubrick disliked America, Michael Herr says that America was all he talked about and that he often thought of moving back. Herr wrote that Kubrick was sent VHS", "id": "2542016" }, { "contents": "The World of Charlie Company\n\n\nsoldier who opposes the war says he hasn't fired his weapon, a mortar, since arriving in South Vietnam. Others talk about killing the enemy as routine. \"Killing gooks don't mean nothing,\" says one. The medic, a pacifist, says, \"Killing for peace just don't make sense.\" The troops talk about their lives back in the United States that they commonly refer to as \"back in the world.\" The troops' company commander, Captain Robert Jackson of Sheffield, Alabama,", "id": "15434759" }, { "contents": "The Crunge\n\n\nit a \"naked imitation\", along with \"D'yer Mak'er\", as well as \"easily\" one of the worst things the band has ever attempted. Fletcher further wrote \"The Crunge\" \"reproduces James Brown so faithfully that it's every bit as boring, repetitive and cliched as \"Good Foot\". Yakety-yak guitar, boom-boom bass, astoundingly idiotic lyrics (\"when she walks, she walks, and when she talks, she talks\") — it's all there. So is", "id": "330768" }, { "contents": "Jeong Yak-jong\n\n\nBlessed Jeong Yak-jong (1760 – 8 April 1801), also known as \"Augustine Chong\", was a Korean Roman Catholic martyr who contributed greatly to the spread of Roman Catholicism in Korea. He was an older brother of Jeong Yak-yong and the father of Saint Paul Chong Hasang. He wrote the first Catholic catechism using only Korean letters so that he could reach out to the common people as well as the nobles who were the only ones in Korean society who could read Chinese characters. He was first", "id": "13555768" }, { "contents": "Pat Mills (director)\n\n\n\"I'm Not Martin!\", and won the Toronto International Film Festival's annual Pitch This! competition for emerging film directors in 2008 for his pitch for \"Don't Talk to Irene\". \"Don't Talk to Irene\" later won the award for Best Comedy Screenplay at the 2013 Austin Film Festival. He also has a teen drama television series, \"Amnesia Girl\", in development. Mills, who is gay, wrote \"Guidance\" as a satirical spin on his own history as a child actor", "id": "19312569" }, { "contents": "Laura Schlessinger\n\n\nit's said. Black guys talking to each other seem to think it's OK.\" After the call Schlessinger said, \"If you're that hypersensitive about color and don't have a sense of humor, don't marry out of your race.\" Early that evening, she wrote an apology to Los Angeles Radio People online journalist Don Barrett. A day later, as soon as she was back on the air, Schlessinger apologized. Hanson questioned the motivation and sincerity of Schlessinger's apology, believing it to be", "id": "2052498" }, { "contents": "Just a Kiss (song)\n\n\nthinking, 'This is different, and I don't want to give any wrong impression. I don't want to make the wrong move because this feels like something special.' We started talking about that and going back and forth with different experiences when we wrote the song.\" The song was recorded and mixed by Clarke Schleicher, with assistance from Joe Martino and Andrew Bazinet. The B-side track, \"Bottle Up Lightning\", was written by Kelley, Haywood, Tony Martin and Wendell Lee Mobley.", "id": "8075412" }, { "contents": "Old Doc Yak\n\n\nFebruary 25, 1934. In 1998, Old Doc Yak and Yutch appeared in \"Valiant Varmints\", a one-shot comic book from Shanda Fantasy Arts. A masked figure called Bullethead arranges for the anthropomorphic heroes of the title to be distracted while he goes after a mysterious item; he turns out to be Doc Yak, who just wants his old license plate back (after losing it decades ago to the Gumps). In 1913, Doc Yak appeared in several animated shorts produced by the Selig Polyscope Company, which", "id": "2219641" }, { "contents": "Don't Miss Your Life\n\n\n\"Don't Miss Your Life\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Phil Vassar. It was released in February 2012 as the second single from his upcoming studio album. Vassar wrote the song with frequent collaborator Charlie Black. Vassar told \"The Boot\" about writing the song \"The main thing that strikes me about this song is it's real, it's about something real. I just wrote it on an airplane. I was talking to a guy sitting next to me who was", "id": "13644054" }, { "contents": "Supervixens\n\n\nhe described as a \"sort of sequel\" to his 1968 hit \"Vixen\". \"I'm back to big bosoms, square jaws, lotsa action and the most sensational sex you ever saw,\" he said. \"I'm back to what I do best - erotic, comedic sex, sex, sex - and I'll never stray again.\" \"I don't want to do too much yakking,\" he said. \"If there was too much plot, too much dialogue, the story would", "id": "115150" }, { "contents": "List of Robotboy characters\n\n\nUnfortunately, this made Brian too smart for the yaks. He ran away the next night, leaving a note telling Moshimo it's his fault he became a freak and that he hates him. Eventually he changed his name to Brain-Yak and was forced to sell test answers to school children as adults don't like a smarty-pants. He joined forces with Kamikazi who promised that Brian could destroy Moshimo for ruining his life. He lost his temper when he realized he was used by Kamikazi to get Robotboy. He", "id": "16549529" }, { "contents": "Don't Ask, Don't Tell (Ugly Betty)\n\n\nhas learned that it is not always family that loves you the most, but that sometimes it is the family we make for ourselves. Marc tells her fondly that she will always be his \"Little Chimichanga\" and then leaves to go home while Betty sits alone to read the letter that Daniel wrote, in which he talks about how happy he is to have Alexis back with him and that his family is finally coming together. Betty then goes inside and spends time with her family. Marc and his mother have different last", "id": "6479162" }, { "contents": "Marvin Glass and Associates\n\n\nMarvin Glass and Associates. His salesmanship and uncanny ability to spark creativity in the designers he employed was unparalleled. In 1949, he licensed a \"novelty item\" to H. Fishlove & Company called Yakitty-Yak Talking Teeth. This item was invented by Eddy Goldfarb, who worked with Marvin Glass for a very short time after World War II. The first big hit for Marvin Glass was Mr. Machine, a toy invented by a former watchmaker named Leo Kripak. A child could take Mr. Machine apart and put him back together", "id": "14070376" }, { "contents": "Air battle over Niš\n\n\nwestward across the city with the sound of machine gun and cannon fire. 9 Soviet Yak-3 and an unidentified number of US P-38 fighters participated in the battle which lasted for about another 15 minutes. According to American author Glenn Bows, 4 Yaks and 2 Lightnings were lost, while Russian sources state that 3 Yaks and 4 P-38s had been destroyed. Joko Drecun, a partisan officer who was based at Niš airport at the time wrote in his diary that the Americans lost 7 planes and the Soviets lost 3 planes. The United", "id": "2486693" }, { "contents": "Candy and a Currant Bun\n\n\nclaimed, the recorded version does not contain the line \"Oh don't talk with me/Please just fuck with me.\" The actual line is, \"Ooh, don't talk to me/Please just walk with me,\" rhyming \"talk\" with \"walk.\" When the collection \"Relics\" was released in 1971, critic Dave Marsh wrote in \"Creem\" that he had expected \"Candy and a Currant Bun\" to be on it. (It was not.) His album review was", "id": "13635913" }, { "contents": "Ray Mercer\n\n\nfights, Mercer and Anthony Hembrick took off with their flags and good-naturedly dodged the people who tried to get in their way. A few tried to trip the pair, another tried to tackle the heavyweight Mercer, and one security guard even stopped him and tried to steer him back to his seat. Mercer would have none of it. \"He didn't speak English, and I don't speak Korean, so he talked his stuff and I talked mine. I don't think we connected, so I just", "id": "6547276" }, { "contents": "Murder of Fernando Balderas Sánchez and Yolanda Figueroa\n\n\nmost violent in 1996. Homero Aridjis, a writer and environmental activist who would be elected to head PEN International in 1997, said, \"There has been nothing like this before. This is creating an atmosphere of narco-terrorism like Colombia. People are living in terror. They don't want to write, they don't want to talk about drug trafficking.\" Rick Rockwell, a professor of journalism at Northwestern University, wrote, \"Although it is far too early in the investigation to know who is behind this", "id": "2515161" }, { "contents": "Craig Fennie\n\n\nthe audience that everyone needs to watch Rodney's talk. Quoting Rodney Mullen, in skateboarding \"... we fall and get back up, ... every fiber in him, tells him don't do it again ... this act of getting up again shapes us.\" Craig argues that the feeling that overcomes us when we get a bad grade on a test is the same biological response as the skateboarder who fell, i.e., don't do it again, this hurts! But if we get back up and try again (and", "id": "9232454" }, { "contents": "Paul Chong Hasang\n\n\nSaint Paul Chong Hasang (1794 or 1795–September 22, 1839) was one of the Korean Martyrs. His feast day is September 22, and he is also venerated along with the rest of the 103 Korean martyrs on September 20. He was the son of the martyr Augustine Jeong Yak-Jong and a nephew of noted philosopher John Jeong Yak-Yong, who were among the first converts of Korea, who wrote the first catechism for the Roman Catholic Church in Korea (entitled \"Jugyo Yoji\"). When Yakjong was", "id": "9083390" }, { "contents": "Lucas Silveira\n\n\n, Silveira published an article with HuffPost Music Canada titled \"I'm Trans, I Get Bullied, and I'm Fighting Back\", where he wrote about the bullying that he endures as a transgender man and how he has fought back. In July 2015, Silveira published another article in HuffPost Living Canada titled \"Why We Need to Talk About Caitlyn Jenner.\" He expresses support for Jenner and transgender individuals around the world, while arguing that Jenner's story is one of privilege that many don't have. He ends", "id": "2181607" }, { "contents": "Death in June\n\n\nthey've heard from someone in Germany who contacted a policeman in Bern. And the policeman in Bern contacted the authorities in Lausanne. This is like gossip. This is like fishwives. This is like old women. I don't care about old women gossiping. If at the end of the day, it means I don't play, good, I don't want to play in the city of old women talking about people behind their backs. And they are so stupid they believe in all the rumours. When I", "id": "18836784" }, { "contents": "Alamo Drafthouse Cinema\n\n\nalso prohibits talking and texting during the film. Anyone who violates this policy is subject to warning and potential removal from the premises. Alamo made national headlines in 2011 when the rantings of one angry customer who was ejected for texting were included in its \"Don't Talk or Text\" PSA shown before films. \"When we adopted our strict no talking policy back in 1997 we knew we were going to alienate some of our patrons,\" Tim League posted on the cinema's website. \"That was the plan. If", "id": "5516563" }, { "contents": "Yakovlev Yak-55\n\n\nwith the high-energy aerobatics demonstrated by the Yak-50 back in fashion, leading to the Yak-55 being rejected by the Soviet team. The Yak-55 was therefore redesigned with new wings with shorter span, reduced area and a thinner but still symmetrical aerofoil section, giving an increased rate of roll and speed. Series production finally began in 1985 at Arsenyev, with 108 aircraft being delivered by 1991. In the late 1980s, work began on a revised version of the Yak-55, the Yak-55M, to meet demands from DOSAAF for an", "id": "17533445" }, { "contents": "Yakovlev Yak-25 (1947)\n\n\non the fuselage amongst other innovations. The Yak-25 closely followed the Yak-19 in layout if not in detail. The straight wings, though similar in planform, were fractionally larger and much thinner (9% t/c throughout), using laminar flow sections. The CAHI flaps were also hydraulically powered. The vertical tail unit differed from the Yak-19 in being swept back at 40° on the leading edge, while the horizontal tail was swept back at 35 degrees. The Derwent V engine was attached to the rear of the centre", "id": "4069877" }, { "contents": "MC Skat Kat\n\n\ntime was the lead animator of the Genie character in Disney's \"Aladdin\" feature film. According to producer John Kafka, nobody was sure what to do with Skat after the videos were finished. Virgin Music and Universal Pictures talked of a live-action/animation hybrid feature film, but nothing ever materialized. MC Skat Kat also appeared in \"Yakety Yak, Take It Back\", an all-star public service music video produced by Warner Bros. in 1991 for the Take It Back Foundation in 1991. The music", "id": "5136078" }, { "contents": "Yak Ballz\n\n\nScifentology\" by relying more on rock and synthesized instrumentation . The mixtape started as an innocent idea and promotional tool to help cross-market Yak with the Scifen clothing brand, but it quickly became one of the most talked-about mixtapes of the year within the indie Hip Hop world in ‘06 . January 2008, Yak released his sophomore effort, \"Scifentology II\" on FloSpot Records in conjunction with Scifen Clothing. \"Scifentology II\" features production from the likes of Aesop Rock, the late Camu Tao, Mondee,", "id": "10988809" }, { "contents": "Old Doc Yak\n\n\nOld Doc Yak is a comic strip by Sidney Smith that centers on a talking goat. The origin of the character was Buck Nix, a goat Smith drew in 1908 for the \"Chicago Evening Journal\". For three years, Nix romanced a she-goat called Nanny. In 1911, Smith moved to the \"Chicago Tribune\". He introduced a new goat character when \"Old Doc Yak\" began as a daily strip on February 19, 1912, with the Sunday page starting a few weeks later on March 3", "id": "2219638" }, { "contents": "Bullets Don't Argue\n\n\nBullets Don't Argue (, also known as \"Guns Don't Talk\" and \"Pistols Don't Argue\") is a 1964 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Mario Caiano. The film was produced by Jolly Film back to back with Sergio Leone's \"A Fistful of Dollars\", but with a more expensive budget and in anticipation of a greater success than the Leone's film, especially because at the time Rod Cameron was better known than Clint Eastwood. \"Bullets Don't Argue\" was released on 23 October", "id": "22159961" }, { "contents": "Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines\n\n\non, or they don't care. I don't like my [characters] to be standing around as if their lives begin when the character starts talking to them and end when the player leaves. Single-purpose characters needed a distinctive personality trait to quickly establish them with the player, rather than serving as a disposable item, while major characters had to reflect the player's progression and actions through the game. Mitsoda wrote the characters by thinking about who each character was, assigning them motivations determining why they were where", "id": "5136237" }, { "contents": "Don't Stop the Party (The Black Eyed Peas song)\n\n\nthey request 'Don't Stop the Party'.\"Lamb said that \"will.i.am starts talking about futurism here again and sure enough we find ourselves in the middle of a futuristic sounding trance break. The party reaches its peak about five minutes into the song, and it is exhilarating.\" Other positive reaction came from John Bush, editor from Allmusic who went to say that the song is a \"scattered moment of respectability\" and chose it as an \"AMG Pick\". Gavin Martin wrote for \"Daily Mirror\" that \"", "id": "9897614" }, { "contents": "Highlander (film)\n\n\nthat brings back many for a second or third helping. I have learned to appreciate the film over the years, [and] the film's story is unique and entertaining.\" Also giving the film three stars out of five, Adam Tyner of DVD Talk wrote, \"The screenplay spots a number of intelligent, creative ideas, and I find the very concept of displacing the sword-and-sorcery genre to then-modern-day New York City to be fairly inventive. The dialogue and performances don't quite", "id": "13041500" }, { "contents": "Ray McKinley\n\n\nin 1977 for Chiaroscuro Records. Ray McKinley wrote the lyrics to the 1945 wartime song \"My Guy's Come Back\" with music by Mel Powell. The song was recorded by Benny Goodman with vocals by Liza Morrow and was released as a Columbia Records 78 single in 1945 as a V-Disc in February, 1946 as No. 585A. He composed the songs \"Jiminy Crickets\", \"Bahama Mama\", and \"Hoodle Addle\" in 1947. He wrote \"Old Doc Yak\" with Freddie Slack. He received", "id": "3523691" }, { "contents": "Progressive talk radio\n\n\nMiller, among others. In December 2002, Thom Hartmann wrote an op-ed for commondreams.org titled \"Talking Back To Talk Radio\" which posited - based on Hartmann's experience as both on-air talent and being a program director back in the 1960s and 1970s - that progressive talk radio could be a profitable format if done right. That article interested Sheldon and Anita Drobney, venture capitalists from Chicago, who brought Hartmann on as a consultant and hired Jon Sinton to form what would become Air America. (Detailed in", "id": "1168147" }, { "contents": "We Don't Talk Anymore (Charlie Puth song)\n\n\n\"We Don't Talk Anymore\" is a song by American singer Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez, from Puth’s debut studio album \"Nine Track Mind\" (2016). The artists co-wrote the song with Jacob Kasher, Puth produced the song. The song was released on May 24, 2016, as the third and final single from the album. Musically, it is a pop song with a tropical-inspired production. The song peaked at number 9 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, earning", "id": "13742057" }, { "contents": "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape\n\n\n\"People don't like the truth ... He speak like a real man spoke.\" He added, \"So he talking locker room talk. Locker room talk. 'I'm the man, you know what I'm saying? You know who I am. Yeah, I grabbed her by the p---y. And?'\" The backlash from the comments prompted a \"Pussy Grabs Back\" hashtag urging women to vote against Trump on Election Day. Anti-Trump memes featuring cat imagery spread on social media", "id": "17208891" }, { "contents": "Chuck Mawhinney\n\n\n. \"Don't talk to me about hunting lions or elephants; they don't fight back with rifles and scopes. I just loved it.\" Mawhinney sought to change the public perception about snipers, who he maintains save lives by sapping the enemy's will to fight. \"My rules of engagement were simple: If they had a weapon, they were going down. Except for an NVA paymaster I hit at 900 yards, everyone I killed had a weapon,\" he said. Mawhinney's one regret was the", "id": "12785172" }, { "contents": "The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\n\n\nand were documented well in that film \"Lost in La Mancha\". So I don't know if it's right for me to go back there. I don't know if it's right for Terry too, but if he wants to... In 2008, Gilliam restarted preliminary work on a new version of the film. The film would be reshot completely, and Rochefort's role had been recast. In 2008, Michael Palin reportedly entered talks with Gilliam to step in for Rochefort and play Don Quixote. In November", "id": "17730506" }, { "contents": "It's Better If You Don't Understand\n\n\ntracks were described as \"bittersweet ballads\". \"Count On Me\" draws from the works of Jason Mraz and David Cook, featuring a laid back groove with a tropical influence. It conveys the message of comfort found in a friend and being present for those who are important in your life. The closing track, \"Talking to the Moon\", was described as a pop song with power ballad influences. \"It's Better If You Don't Understand\" was released exclusively for digital download on May 11, 2010", "id": "8139908" }, { "contents": "Mary Susan Applegate\n\n\nMary Susan Applegate is an American poet who co-wrote the Jennifer Rush song \"The Power of Love\" and the Buranovskiye Babushki song \"Party for Everybody.\" She also co-wrote No Mercy's song \"Please Don't Go\", as well as Belarusian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2016: \"Help You Fly\", by Ivan. Earlier lyrics includes \"Do You Wanna\" from the 1st album (1985) of Germany's most successful pop-duo Modern Talking co-written with Dieter Bohlen", "id": "17731854" }, { "contents": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians\n\n\nnevertheless, he was always present at story meetings. When Peet sent Dodie Smith some drawings of the characters, she wrote back saying that he had actually improved her story and that the designs looked better than the illustrations in the book. After \"Sleeping Beauty\" (1959) disappointed at the box-office, there was some talk of closing down the animation department at the Disney studio. During the production of it, Disney told animator Eric Larson: \"I don't think we can continue, it's too expensive", "id": "12039861" }, { "contents": "Blood (Lianne La Havas album)\n\n\nbacking vocals, a jittering piano and bursts of brass. Lyrically the songs features wit and honesty declaring her security in her relationship, the song relies on turning the negative phrase \"What You Don't Do\" into a positive message talking about the games La Havas is not \"forced to endure\" during her relationship. \"Tokyo\" contains a slow groove built over a hazy effect, lyrically the song sees La Havas yearning and in state of disorientation. La Havas wrote \"Tokyo\" based on the feeling of loneliness and", "id": "17082302" }, { "contents": "Giovanni Ciampoli\n\n\nfriends. His correspondence with Galileo stretched over many years. In February 1615 he wrote to reassure him that the furore about his Copernican opinions had died down, and 'the Friars don't seem to talk or think about that business any more.' In 1619, when Galileo published his \"Discourse on the Comets\", Ciampoli warned him that the Jesuits 'were much offended and were preparing to strike back.' In 1614, after completing his studies, Ciampoli moved to Rome where he took holy orders. He was", "id": "20378993" }, { "contents": "Madagascar (song)\n\n\nguitar on 'Maddy\"live in Rio 2001, He wrote all the gtr parts, including lead gtr. I recorded him playing lots of awesome guitar parts back then, I don't think people know what an original and cool guitar player he really is...those were fun times\". Pitman spoke of the writing of this song on talking metal in 2008, saying \"I was up at his house for about a week or two, and I was setting up rack mounted samplers, and you had your fake orchestra with synthesizers", "id": "4161546" }, { "contents": "Flapper\n\n\nhelping readers channel their inner celebrity. In March 1926 an anonymous young woman wrote in describing petting as a problem, explaining \"The boys all seem to do it and don't seem to come back if you don't do it also. We girls are at our wits' end to know what to do. ... I'm sure that I don't want to marry anyone who is too slow to want to pet. But I want to discover what is right. Please help me.\" Van Wyck sympathized with the", "id": "20895307" }, { "contents": "Don't Ask Don't Tell (film)\n\n\nFartin and the pilot—are presumed dead. Fartin, however, was saved from the plane by extraterrestrials with bulging eyeballs, who then performed an operation on him. Fartin wanders back to the military base the next day, with no memory of how he survived the plane crash, and is beginning to exhibit stereotypically gay behavior (e.g., he keeps using the word “fabulous”). Base commander Colonel Butz and surgeon Major Problemo talk to Doug’s wife, Vagina, about her husband’s new behavior; if she", "id": "6215575" }, { "contents": "Bermuda land snail\n\n\n, \"P. bermudensis\" and \"P. circumfirmatus\" were still common. He wrote of talking to an elderly woman who remembered a time when the shells were collected and burned for lime. By the mid-1970s, a Bermuda Biological Station scientist remembers opening his kitchen door and seeing none other than Gould exclaim \"If I could only find one alive!\" In \"Eight Little Piggies\", a book from 1993, Gould wrote: \"I don't even think \"Euglandina\" has even dented \"Otala\" but it devastated", "id": "14370472" }, { "contents": "Round the Horne\n\n\nthat although rhinoceros is not very appetising you do get \"marvellous\" crackling; her recipes for yak include yak à l'orange, yak in its jacket, and coupe yak. She advises followers of female fashion that bosoms are still out, but may be on the way back (Horne says he will keep a light burning in the window) and her other useful pointers include how to use cold cream to remove those baboon claw marks from one's hip, and how to avoid crow's feet round the eyes: refrain from", "id": "6588891" }, { "contents": "A Cure for Pokeritis\n\n\nClub\" be played as George presented his purported lodge membership. His sleep-talking was to be accompanied by \"If You Talk in Your Sleep, Don't Mention My Name\", followed by \"Back to the Factory, Mary\" as Freddie investigates. \"Whoops, My Dear\" was to score the police raid, and \"Don't Take Me Home\" would play as the film ended. The Bunnygraphs, as a genre, were representative of the cinema of the period, and were very successful, making", "id": "2630599" }, { "contents": "372nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment\n\n\n1952. In 1956, it received its first Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 fighter aircraft and had replaced the MiG-15s by 1958. In 1960, it received the Yakovlev Yak-25 and became a PVO regiment, subordinated to the 27th Air Defence Corps. The MiG-15 and Yak-25 had been phased out by 1966, when the unit received the Yakovlev Yak-28P. In 1977, the regiment was transferred back to the Soviet Air Forces and became part of the Air Forces of the Baltic Military District. In 1981, the Yak-28P was replaced by the Mikoyan MiG-27", "id": "16383854" }, { "contents": "Helen Elsie Austin\n\n\nthese religions that are all separate, all fighting with eachother, all enforcing prejudice against some group, and yet they say God is the father of all mankind.' My father heard me out, and then said 'Well before you do it, why don't you go and talk to these Cincinnati people who are talking about the Baha'i Faith. He was not a Bahá'í but he said they have some interesting views. The Bahá'ís in Cincinnati date back at least to 1910. A joint meeting of Bahá'í communities of Ohio", "id": "21055314" }, { "contents": "La Mare au Diable\n\n\nwho had tried to rape her) with Pierre. Germain find them both at the mare au diable and they all go back to the village. Several months passes. They don't talk to each other. They finally talk to each other, find out they're both in love and marry. The novel (specifically, its opening scene) is supposed to have been the inspiration for Rosa Bonheur's 1849 painting \"Ploughing in the Nivernais\". A contrasexual, queer reading of the novel was offered by James Hamilton,", "id": "854799" }, { "contents": "Numb (U2 song)\n\n\na video clip of the sample was used as on-screen imagery during future concerts on the band's Zoo TV Tour. The Edge sings lead vocals, providing a monotone list of \"don't\" commands: \"Don't move / Don't talk out of time / Don't think / Don't worry / Everything's just fine.\" Mullen's backing vocals were the first occasion that he sang on a U2 song. Bono contributed \"Fat Lady\" falsetto vocals, which he provided on other \"Zooropa\"", "id": "12428218" }, { "contents": "Mick Jagger\n\n\nnot a sex symbol, but a mother image.\" Jagger appeared on \"Rolling Stone\" List of 100 Greatest Singers at number 16; in the article, Lenny Kravitz wrote: \"I sometimes talk to people who sing perfectly in a technical sense who don't understand Mick Jagger. [...] His sense of pitch and melody is really sophisticated. His vocals are stunning, flawless in their own kind of perfection.\" This edition also cites Mick Jagger as a key influence on Jack White, Steven Tyler and Iggy", "id": "12162589" }, { "contents": "Yak Ballz\n\n\ncompetition. Yak would go on to achieve first runner-up honors two more times after that, but more importantly, the aspiring MC grabbed the attention of several interested people in attendance, including Armando “Mondee” Torres and Brett Scott, who approached Vaz about getting Yak to appear on their new mixtape. Yak is of Persian heritage. Yak is a graduate from State University of New York at New Paltz with a Bachelor of Science in business management. Bobbito Garcia put Yak's demo, \"Flossin’\", on", "id": "10988804" }, { "contents": "Don't Look Back (1996 film)\n\n\nDon't Look Back is a 1996 American made-for-HBO thriller film directed by Geoff Murphy and starring Eric Stoltz, John Corbett, Josh Hamilton, and Billy Bob Thornton, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Jesse Parish, a heroin addict living in Los Angeles, steals a suitcase full of drug money and immediately finds himself on the run from its former owners. Jesse flees home to Galveston, Texas, to his childhood friends, and into their lives he brings not only his internal demon of addiction,", "id": "1457305" }, { "contents": "Don't Talk to Strangers (Hedley song)\n\n\n\"Don't Talk to Strangers\" is the second single from Hedley's third studio album, \"The Show Must Go\". The song has peaked at #11 on the Canadian Hot 100. The music video was released in November 2009. The plot has Hedley being kept hostage by a psychotic but attractive middle-aged woman. She uses the band for entertainment and sexual pleasure, killing them and throwing them into the back of her trunk in the end. The moral of the story is, of course, \"", "id": "14948481" }, { "contents": "Yakovlev Yak-9\n\n\nachieved their first air victories, but suffered their first losses as well, in the Borisov region. On 15 July 1944, the Group was moved to Mikountani, in Lithuania, while German armies were pushed back about . The French pilots took their Soviet chief air crews in the fuselage of the fighters, but during the trip, Lieutenant Maurice de Seynes' Yak suffered a mechanical failure. The French pilot refused to bail out and thus abandon his Soviet mechanic Biezoloub, who had no parachute. De Seynes attempted an emergency landing", "id": "12659587" }, { "contents": "Don't Ya\n\n\n\"Don't Ya\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brett Eldredge. It was released on October 8, 2012 as his third single overall and the second single from his debut studio album \"Bring You Back\". Eldredge co-wrote the song with Chris DeStefano and Ashley Gorley, and is about a man going after a beautiful woman. It received positive reviews from critics who praised the believable love story and vocal delivery. \"Don't Ya\" gave Eldredge the first of four", "id": "21631078" }, { "contents": "The Gumps\n\n\ncaused a national sensation. The Sunday page also included several toppers over the course of the run: \"Old Doc Yak\" (Dec 7, 1930 - Feb 25, 1934), \"Cousin Juniper\" (Jan 2, 1944-1955) and \"Grandpa Noah\" (1955). \"The Gumps\" made its debut in an unusual way. Cartoonist Sidney Smith had previously drawn and written \"Old Doc Yak\", a talking-animal strip that sustained only a brief run. The very last \"Old", "id": "19072340" }, { "contents": "Tracey Ullman\n\n\na very rich young lady.' I'd say, 'I don't want to talk about the millions of dollars now. Can we put that on hold? I just want to talk about something good'.\" Ullman's agent then decided to send producer James L. Brooks some tapes of her work. Brooks, who had had a very successful career producing television sitcoms, had stepped away from the medium, opting instead for a career in film. Ullman's material was so good that it lured him back to", "id": "8741346" }, { "contents": "Wildlife of China\n\n\n. Yaks are the imost important animal for Tibetan herders, who eat yak meat and milk for food, burn yak dung as fuel, spin yak hair into fabric, make yak hide leather and use yaks to transport and plow fields. Bactrian camels have two humps and can go a month or longer without drinking water. A thirsty Bactrian camel can drink 135 liters (30 gallons) in only 13 minutes. They can withstand extremely hot and cold weather and have broad hooves that do not sink in desert. Bactrian camels are", "id": "11088244" }, { "contents": "Shahid Kapoor\n\n\ndon't socialise much, I don't party too much, I don't know what to say to the media if I’m not talking about a film that I am doing, so yeah, maybe I am perceived as a snob.\" Analysing his career, the entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama published that his \"boy next door persona\" was initially perceived by critics as a weakness, but credited him for turning it into a trademark. Jitesh Pillai of \"Filmfare\" wrote that after gaining recognition in urban romantic roles,", "id": "16032023" }, { "contents": "Free Me (album)\n\n\n' Not a lot of people know this, but I actually walked away from it. We put so much into it, and when they don't give you that support anymore, it's quite heartbreaking\", says Bunton. \"I said, 'Thank you very much for the demo idea, but I want to take this where I know people are going to be right behind me and work as hard as I do.'\" The album was largely produced by Mike Peden and Yak Bondy, who have produced", "id": "2653941" }, { "contents": "Talk (Coldplay song)\n\n\na song nobody had sung/Or do something that's never been done.\" The third line of the third verse is: \"Tell me how do you feel?/Well I feel like they're talking in a language I don't speak/And they're talking it to me.\" In the fifth verse, Martin summarises about an individual who is lost and trying to discover the unknown: \"So you don't know where you're going/But you want to talk/And you feel like you're going where", "id": "12813312" }, { "contents": "Dzo\n\n\n, fecund) while dzo are sterile. As they are a product of the hybrid genetic phenomenon of heterosis (hybrid vigor), they are larger and stronger than yak or cattle from the region. In Mongolia and Tibet, khainags are thought to be more productive than cattle or yaks in terms of both milk and meat production. Dzomo can be back crossed. As a result, many supposedly pure yak or pure cattle probably carry each other's genetic material. In Mongolia, the result of a khainag crossed with either a", "id": "7553187" }, { "contents": "The Gumps\n\n\nDoc Yak\" strip depicted Yak and his family moving out of their house, while wondering who might move into the house next. On Thursday, February 8, 1917, the last panel showed only the empty house. On Monday, February 12, 1917, after the Gumps were introduced in the space formerly occupied by \"Old Doc Yak\", they moved into the house formerly occupied by the Yak family. (\"Old Doc Yak\" would reappear as a topper for \"The Gumps\" Sunday page from 1930-", "id": "19072341" }, { "contents": "I'm Talking\n\n\nthe Rose Royce song \"Love Don't Live Here Anymore\" in August, which both peaked into the top thirty. Although their songs were initially credited to the band as a whole (i.e. I'm Talking), in fact Goodge and Cox wrote virtually all the music and lyrics. The group won 'Best New Talent' and 'Best Debut Single' for \"Trust Me\" for 1984 at the \"Countdown\" Awards ceremony broadcast in 1985. On 13 July, I'm Talking performed \"Lead the Way\"", "id": "13872252" }, { "contents": "Gerome Ragni\n\n\nRado on a musical about hippie culture. As research, they associated with a group of youths in the East Village who were dropping out and dodging the draft. They talked to people in the streets and people they know, and read articles about hippie culture and youths being kicked out of school for growing their hair long. They wrote lyrics to thirteen songs (\"Ain't Got No\", \"I Got Life\", \"Reading and Writing\", \"Don't Put It Down\", \"Sodomy\",", "id": "17118438" }, { "contents": "Pascal and Maximus\n\n\n\", explaining, \"They don't talk ... it really is funny\", accrediting this to executive producer John Lasseter's influence on the film. Criticizing the script's \"abundant chatter,\" Justin Chang of \"Variety \"commended the filmmaker's \"shrewd decision to have the animal sidekicks ... express themselves without the benefit of speech.\" Similarly, Richard Corliss of \"Time \"wrote that both characters \"radiate plenty of personality without speaking.\" Critics who were generally less positive in their opinions of \"Tangled \"", "id": "20676100" }, { "contents": "Old Doc Yak\n\n\n. Doc Yak was a family man and more mature than Buck Nix. He had a son, Yutch, along with a number of domestic problems. The last daily \"Old Doc Yak\" strip, on February 10, 1917, depicted Yak and his family moving out while wondering who might move into the house next. The last panel showed the empty house. The next day's newspapers, in the space formerly occupied by \"Old Doc Yak\", printed the very first strip of Smith's \"The Gumps\"", "id": "2219639" }, { "contents": "Billy Taylor (running back, born 1949)\n\n\ntalking now. It scared me to death. I jumped straight up in the air. I started cursing and looking for the person who had scared the daylights out of me. ... It was God. I don't want to offend anyone, but that's my testimony.\" He stopped drinking and taking drugs that day and published a book about his experience called \"Get Back Up: The Billy Taylor Story.\" In 2003, Taylor received an Ed.D. degree from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.", "id": "15098182" }, { "contents": "Al Goldstein\n\n\n, issue of \"Screw\" Goldstein ran an ad seeking subscribers to a new magazine, \"Bitch\", which \"brings women's sexuality out of the closet for the first time\" and also \"takes women out of politics and puts them back on their back where they belong.\" (Note: there have been several other magazines also called \"Bitch\".) The first issue \"contain[ed] an explosive symposium about blowjobs by four women who talk about giving head and what they like and don't like about", "id": "19942430" }, { "contents": "Yakovlev Yak-15\n\n\nMikoyan-Gurevich I-300 and the Yak-Jumo made their first flights, the Council of Ministers ordered that the Yakovlev OKB begin design of a new aircraft similar to the Yak-Jumo, using the RD-10 engine with improved aerodynamics. This generally resembled the original aircraft, but the wings were entirely redesigned with laminar flow airfoils, the tail structure was enlarged and an ejection seat was fitted. The back of the seat was armoured and the pilot was also protected by a bulletproof windscreen. The entire canopy was also redesigned to accommodate", "id": "10060693" }, { "contents": "Yakovlev Yak-3\n\n\nNiémen Group, considered it a superior aircraft when compared to the P-51D Mustang and the Supermarine Spitfire. Before the end of the war it was flown by Polish Air Forces (of the Polish People's Army formed in USSR) and after the war ended, it was flown by the Yugoslav Air Forces. The origins of the Yak-3 went back to 1941 when the I-30 prototype was offered along with the I-26 (Yak-1) as an alternative design. The I-30, powered by a Klimov M-105P engine, was of all-metal", "id": "10445931" }, { "contents": "Jeff Minter\n\n\nand Xbox One video game consoles and Windows-based personal computers. It was released in July 2018. In online forums and informal game credits pages Minter usually signs as \"Yak\", which is, in his own words\"\"a pseudonym chosen a long time ago, back in the days when high score tables on coin-op machines only held three letters, and I settled on Yak because the yak is a scruffy hairy beast – a lot like me ;-).\"\" Since 2015, Minter has used the name", "id": "17000693" }, { "contents": "Yakovlev Yak-25\n\n\nYak-120 by the design bureau, in 1951. It received official authorization by a directive of the Council of Ministers on 10 August of that year. In a break from previous Yakovlev designs, the Yak-120's thin, mid-set wings were swept back at a 45 degree angle with large two-section flaps. To provide more directional stability, a ventral fin was attached to the swept cruciform tail surfaces. The aircraft was powered by two Mikulin AM-5 turbojets, mounted in nacelles that were attached directly to the undersurface of the", "id": "20691626" }, { "contents": "Yak Ballz\n\n\nhis CM Famalam show on 89.9-FM WKCR in New York. He later invited Yak to appear on the show in 1998. After a few impressive appearances on WKCR, and \"Flossin’\" gaining regular rotation, Bobbito approached Yak about some new original music. Yak's lyrics caught the attention of Cage, who was impressed enough to reach out to him; making him an original member of The Weathermen. Soon after, Yak released his first 12-inch, \"Homepiss\" in 2000, courtesy of Bobbito and his Fondle’em label.", "id": "10988805" }, { "contents": "Yak butter\n\n\nYak butter/ \"Dri Butter\" འབྲི་མར། is butter made from the milk of the domesticated yak known as Dri འབྲི། (\"Bos grunniens\"). It is a staple food item and trade item for herding communities in south Central Asia and the Tibetan Plateau. Many different political entities have communities of herders who produce and consume yak's dairy products including cheese and butter – for example, China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, and Tibet. Whole yak's milk has about twice the fat content of whole cow's milk,", "id": "21148061" }, { "contents": "Marina Chechneva\n\n\nyears after she gave birth to their daughter Valentina in 1946. In 1949 her husband, who worked for the DOSAAF, was killed in a plane crash while ferrying a plane from Leningrad to Kalinin and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. That same year Chechneva set a speed record on the Yak-18 and was awarded the title Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR. Later she became a certified pilot on Yak-3, Yak-9, Yak-11, Yak-18T aircraft and led a female air sports team that flew at parades but had to stop", "id": "9414695" }, { "contents": "Tyrone Hayes\n\n\nfamously wrote a song called The Atrazine Rap to summarize and convey his message which he often shares in summation at the end of a talk: So let me remind youbr don't put this behind youbr Atrazine ain't a good thingbr it causes male frogs to grow eggsbr contributes to extra legsbr and exposed males don't want to singbr If that ain't enoughbr when you combine the stuffbr with a few other pesticidesbr it causes greater than additive effectsbr unpredictable defectsbr exposed larvae don't growbr and they develop slowbr and they contract diseases that", "id": "13114803" }, { "contents": "Boyz (song)\n\n\nloved it! When I took it back there and played it to those people and showed them, 'This is what I wrote when I thought about you,' they got it. And that makes me feel like I don't really care what happens with this album, and I don't care if Interscope loves or hates me.\" The subversive nature of the video has also been noted by M.I.A., who aimed to be the only female in the video, with 100 male dancers singing the lyrics to the song", "id": "9458673" }, { "contents": "The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (1958 film)\n\n\nthough marred by several characters who don't fit in the plot\"; while the Radio Times wrote, \"courtroom dramas have an intrinsic appeal, and veteran producer/director Herbert Wilcox makes a moderately entertaining film out of this story in which Anthony Quayle's American scientist, accused of murder, refuses to testify in his own defence. Wilcox's wife, Anna Neagle, gives another of her great lady portraits as Britain's leading Queen's Counsel, demonstrating her deductive brilliance in spotting a bullet hole in a witness's window", "id": "5503667" }, { "contents": "King Boxer\n\n\ngenuine excitement generated by the fight sequences, providing you can get excited at the sight of a karate chop that splits a forehead.\" Fredric Milstein wrote in the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"Director Chen Chang Ho, who has a definite sense of style, keeps the pace fast and the action spectacular ... Dubbing is awful, but you don't come to this one to hear people talk.\" In a review for the \"Monthly Film Bulletin\", John Gillett found that the trick effect in which characters leap", "id": "11127273" }, { "contents": "I Want You (Janet Jackson song)\n\n\nto her and that she can sing with conviction. That's why there's so much passion in this \"I Want You\" record, that's where she's at in her life right now.\" West first collaborated with Jackson several months prior to the release of his debut album, \"The College Dropout\" (2004). West stated, \"I don't want to talk about it before it comes out, but it'll be unbelievable.\" John Legend, who co-wrote the track, also", "id": "11881547" }, { "contents": "Dana Delany\n\n\na low-budget improvisational comedy format with strong chemistry between the actors. Reviews were mixed: \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Richard Natale liked the film but wrote older male film executives believed it to be \"uncommercial\"; another critic agreed it was \"genuine girl talk\" but \"didn't have a lot of substance\" and viewers \"don't get to know the characters in the film\". She also starred as Margaret Sanger in the TV movie \"\" (1995), about a controversial nurse who crusaded", "id": "12083072" }, { "contents": "Sigbjørn Hølmebakk\n\n\n\"Don't Talk About the Fall\" (\"Ikke snakk om høsten\"). As an author he was a realist, who wrote of existential questions with force and skillfully explored social backgrounds. He was a much beloved author before he died at the relatively young age of 59. Many of Hølmebakk’s works became the basis for films. “The Terrible Winter” (\"Fimbulvinteren\") (1964) about the German military scorched earth policy during the Liberation of Finnmark by Soviet and Norwegian forces at the end of", "id": "12393519" }, { "contents": "Trevanian\n\n\nCarol Lawson of \"The New York Times\" for a June 10, 1979 article coinciding with the release of \"Shibumi\". In this article Trevanian stated that \"Trevanian is going out of business. Now he can talk.\" It was rumored that Trevanian was Robert Ludlum writing under a pen name. Trevanian rejected that idea stating, \"I don't even know who he is. I read Proust, but not much else written in the 20th century.\" Trevanian wrote successfully in several genres. In a 1998", "id": "12789979" } ]

[ { "contents": "Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\n\n\nLearns to Play the Drums\". Her character was mentioned one last time in the 1957 episode \"Lucy Raises Chickens\". In that installment, Fred and Ethel decide to follow the Ricardos and move to Connecticut to be near them, and Mrs. Trumbull's sister moves into 623 East 68th Street to manage the apartment building for the Mertzes. Prior to, during, and after her work on \"I Love Lucy\", Patterson appeared in many other American television series during the 1950s and early 1960s. Her first credited performance", "id": "1958890" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\n\n\nbecomes friends with both the Ricardos and the building's owners, Fred and Ethel Mertz. Patterson's character on \"I Love Lucy\" proved to be so popular among viewers, as well as useful to the writers of the series, that she continued in the role for three more years, often serving in episode storylines as a convenient babysitter for \"Little Ricky\". In the fall of 1956, with \"I Love Lucy\" in its final season, Patterson made her last appearance as Mrs. Trumbull in \"Little Ricky", "id": "1958889" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\n\n\nthe age of 77, Patterson made her first appearance on the hit CBS-TV sitcom \"I Love Lucy\" in the episode \"The Marriage License\". In that installment, Patterson's character, Mrs. Willoughby, is the wife of the Greenwich, Connecticut, justice of the peace (played by character actor Irving Bacon) who remarries Lucy and Ricky Ricardo. In that role, she most notably sings an off-key version of \"I Love You Truly\" during the wedding ceremony. The following year she was", "id": "1958887" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\n\n\nMary Elizabeth Patterson (November 22, 1874 – January 31, 1966) was an American theatre, film, and television character actress who gained popular recognition late in her career playing the elderly neighbor Matilda Trumbull on the television comedy series \"I Love Lucy\". Born in 1874 in Savannah, Tennessee, Mary Elizabeth Patterson was the child of Mildred (\"née\" McDougal) and Edmund D. Patterson, a Confederate army veteran. Federal census records document that her father by 1880 was a lawyer and residing with his wife and", "id": "1958881" }, { "contents": "The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel\n\n\nfor bootleg gin in a tub in the hotel's barbershop. Shirley Temple learned to do her famous stairstep dance routine on the hotel stairs. Astrologer and writer Linda Goodman wrote several of her books in a suite at the hotel. Actress Elizabeth Patterson, widely recognized for her role as Mrs. Trumbull on the classic comedy series \"I Love Lucy\", lived in the hotel during her 35-year film and television career. Other notable hotel guests include Charlie Chaplin, Clark Gable, Max Baer Sr., Carole Lombard, Mary Martin", "id": "9319053" }, { "contents": "Kathryn Card\n\n\nKathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on \"I Love Lucy\". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the late 1930s, notably \"Uncle Walter's Doghouse\", broadcast on NBC from 1939 to 1942. She played Grandma Barton in \"The Bartons\" from December 25, 1939, to September 11, 1942, and played three roles", "id": "11586566" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nThese appearances brought Lucy to the attention of CBS, which in 1948 enlisted Ball to star in one of two new half-hour situation comedies in development, \"Our Miss Brooks\" and \"My Favorite Husband\". Choosing the latter, Lucy portrayed Liz Cugat (later anglicized to Cooper), the frustrated and scheming housewife of a Minneapolis banker, played originally by actor Lee Bowman in the series pilot, and later by actor Richard Denning. Based on the novel \"Mr. and Mrs. Cugat\" by Isabel Scott Rorick,", "id": "14489583" }, { "contents": "The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle\n\n\n1905, and another 8,000 in January 1906. The dedication reads, \"For the real little Lucie of Newlands\"; Lucie's copy of the book was inscribed, \"For little Lucie with much love from Beatrix Potter and from dear 'Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle' Sept. 24. 05.\" Soon after the book's publication, Potter's ageing Mrs. Tiggy began showing signs of failing health. She wrote a friend on 1 February 1906, \"I am sorry to say I am upset about poor Mrs. Tiggy. She", "id": "14766909" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy (film)\n\n\n, in which Lucy and Desi co-starred and were contractually bound to promote. The \"I Love Lucy\" movie was ultimately forgotten. Unlike most movie adaptations, \"I Love Lucy: The Movie\" is presented as a \"show within a show within a show\". The film is framed around a plot involving a young married couple (played by Ann Doran and Benny Baker) attending the filming of an episode of \"I Love Lucy\". After an opening sequence of the couple arriving at the studio,", "id": "19811222" }, { "contents": "The Rivals\n\n\nbuffoonish country gentleman), and Sir Lucius O'Trigger, an impoverished and combative Irish gentleman. Sir Lucius pays Lucy to carry love notes between him and Lydia (who uses the name \"Delia\"), but Lucy is swindling him: \"Delia\" is actually Mrs. Malaprop. As the play opens, Sir Anthony arrives suddenly in Bath. He has arranged a marriage for Jack, but Jack demurs, saying he is in love already. They quarrel violently. But Jack soon learns through the gossip of Lucy and Fag that", "id": "20094602" }, { "contents": "Mr. Marmalade\n\n\ngirl, sitting by herself in the living room, playing with a Ken and Barbie. Mr Marmalade appears and the two begin to play tea. Mr Marmalade asks Lucy if she's angry with him, who says she just wishes he wasn't too busy. Sookie, Lucy's mother, interrupts the tea party and asks Lucy which dress she should wear. Mr Marmalade, who Sookie cannot see, suggests the red one. Sookie leaves and Mr M and Lucy return to their conversation. Mr M tells Lucy he", "id": "16127324" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nHusband\", \"Lucy\" writers decided that the Ricardos needed an older couple to play off of. While performing in \"Husband\", veteran character actors Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet had played Rudolph and Iris Atterbury, an older, more financially stable couple as Mr. Atterbury had been George Cooper's boss. Ball had initially wanted both actors to reprise their roles on television; however, both were unavailable at the time the show went into production as Benaderet was already playing Blanche Morton on \"The Burns and Allen Show\"", "id": "14489608" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\n, and Gordon was under contract by CBS to play Mr. Conklin on both the radio and television versions of \"Our Miss Brooks\". Casting the Mertzes, as they were now called (the surname taken from a doctor that \"Lucy\" scriptwriter Madelyn Pugh knew as a child in Indianapolis), proved to be a challenge. Ball had initially wanted character actor James Gleason, with whom she appeared in Columbia Pictures film \"Miss Grant Takes Richmond\" (1949), to play Fred Mertz. However, Gleason wanted nearly", "id": "14489609" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy (film)\n\n\nI Love Lucy, a.k.a. I Love Lucy: The Movie is a 1953 American feature film spin-off of the sitcom \"I Love Lucy\". Except for one test screening in Bakersfield, California, the film was never theatrically released and was shelved. Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz co-star. Some scenes were directed by Edward Sedgwick, the final film work of his long Hollywood career. Sedgwick died in March 1953. The film plays out with three first-season episodes edited together into a single story:", "id": "19811219" }, { "contents": "Texas Equal Rights Association\n\n\n, 1893, at the Windsor hotel in Dallas. There were about fifty charter members, including many men who supported women's suffrage. TERA was affiliated with the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The first president of TERA, Hayes, was also the state delegate for NAWSA conventions. The vice president was Sarah L. Trumbull and the treasurer was Lucy Knowles. Margaret L. Watson served as the secretary. Other early officers included Mrs. W.S. Herndon, Dr. M. Ellen Keller, Alice McAnulty, Belle Zurchill, Mrs. S.E.", "id": "19670317" }, { "contents": "Doris Packer\n\n\n's a Great Life\", featuring Frances Bavier. In 1958, she guest-starred on Rod Cameron's subsequent syndicated series, \"State Trooper\", in \"The Last Stage Robbery\", an episode with a surprise ending. Packer played wealthy society matrons on \"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\" and \"I Love Lucy\" and as Mrs. Wiley on \"The Andy Griffith Show\". She had a recurring role as Clara Mason in the 1960-61 sitcom \"Happy\". Packer played Mrs. McGillicuddy", "id": "20734177" }, { "contents": "Bob LeMond\n\n\n1948.\" The original pilot episode of \"I Love Lucy\", with LeMond as the show's announcer, was rediscovered in 1990 by the real-life widow of the actor Pepito Pérez, who played Pepito the Clown, who found the missing program under her bed. However, the first 15 seconds of LeMond's original narration was missing from the film. Gregg Oppenheimer owned the pilot episode's original script, complete with the missing narration. Oppenheimer, who produced the \"I Love Lucy\" DVD releases beginning in", "id": "16801100" }, { "contents": "Kathryn Card\n\n\nwas no existing footage or stills of their scene together, so Haver \"manufactured\" stills of the scene using another actress to stand in for Card to accompany the dialogue with Card and Mason on the soundtrack. On February 8, 1954, Card made her first television appearance in an episode of \"I Love Lucy\". The installment, entitled \"Fan Magazine Interview\", featured Card playing a slatternly woman named Minnie Finch. The following year she was cast as a totally different character, Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's bird", "id": "11586570" }, { "contents": "Barney Phillips\n\n\nsergeant in Frank Sinatra's radio program \"Rocky Fortune\" in 1953 and 1954. Thereafter he was a prolific character actor in both films and television series throughout the 1950s and 1960s. In 1955, he played Mr. Jamison in the \"I Love Lucy\" episode \"Ricky's European Booking.\" He also played minor roles in two episodes of Perry Mason, including Mr. Johnson in \"The Case of the Wintry Wife\" in 1961. In the 1959-1960 television season, Phillips portrayed police Lieutenant Geller in the syndicated", "id": "12183416" }, { "contents": "My Favorite Husband\n\n\nit without real-life husband Desi Arnaz playing her on-screen husband. The network reluctantly agreed, and the concept was reworked into \"I Love Lucy\" after Ball and Arnaz took a show on the road to convince the network that audiences would respond. Jell-O dropped out and Philip Morris became the television sponsor. Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet, who played the Atterburys, were both given first consideration for the roles that would become Fred and Ethel Mertz on \"I Love Lucy\", but both had contract", "id": "15326812" }, { "contents": "Sheila Bromley\n\n\nthe Crowds\". In 1944 Bromley appeared in the touring production of \"Good Night Ladies\". In 1960 she appeared as a central character Mrs. Spencer alongside Paul Brinegars character Wishbone in the \"Rawhide\" episode \"Incident of the Deserter\". She appeared in one episode of \"I Love Lucy\" as Helen Erickson Kaiser, the childhood friend of Lucy Ricardo. She also made five guest appearances on \"Perry Mason\" during the series' nine-year run on CBS. In her first appearance in 1959 she played", "id": "11835609" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nseen in 1951–1953 with intros, closings, and all commercials, are included on their respective Ultimate Season Blu-ray editions. The title music was written by Eliot Daniel as an instrumental. Lyrics were written by Harold Adamson, who was nominated five times for an Oscar. The lyrics to \"I Love Lucy\" were sung by Desi Arnaz in the episode \"Lucy's Last Birthday\": \"I love Lucy and she loves me.br \"We're as happy as two can be.br \"Sometimes we quarrel but thenbr \"How", "id": "14489636" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nshe was in an amateur production on the stage. Pauline Lopus was a childhood friend, Fred was also her brother and grandfather's name. Lucy and Desi had a business manager by the name of Mr. Andrew Hickox, and in the first episode of season 4, called \"The Business Manager\" Lucy and Ricky hire a man named Mr. Hickox. Lucille Ball had come to Hollywood after a successful stint as a New York model. She was chosen by Samuel Goldwyn to be one of sixteen Goldwyn Girls to co-star", "id": "14489577" }, { "contents": "William Frawley\n\n\n8, 1960. He is memorialized as well in the Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown, New York, which also contains his \"Hippity-Hoppity\" (frog) costume from an episode of \"I Love Lucy\". Both Frawley and Vivian Vance were inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in March 2012. The story of how Frawley was hired to play Fred Mertz in \"I Love Lucy\" is told in \"I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom\"", "id": "16711183" }, { "contents": "Desi Arnaz Jr.\n\n\nFrancisco\". Arnaz also appeared in a 1976 episode of \"Saturday Night Live\" (SNL) hosted by both Desi Arnaz and Desi Arnaz Jr.. The younger Arnaz played Ricky Ricardo while Gilda Radner played Lucy in spoofs of supposed ill-fated pilots for \"I Love Lucy\". Although a part of \"I Love Lucy\" for the purpose of these SNL parodies, he did not portray Little Ricky in the classic sitcom, a role played instead by Richard Keith. In 1977, he was the lead in the", "id": "17087812" }, { "contents": "Eve Arden\n\n\nbestowed upon me, because I understand that if I win this (award) two years in a row, I get to keep Mr. Boynton,\" she joked. But she was also a hit with the critics; a winter 1949 poll of newspaper and magazine radio editors taken by \"Motion Picture Daily\" named her the year's best radio comedienne. Arden had a very brief guest appearance in a 1955 \"I Love Lucy\" episode titled \"L.A. at Last\" in which she played herself. While awaiting their food", "id": "10321274" }, { "contents": "Norma Varden\n\n\n. She played the housekeeper Frau Schmidt in \"The Sound of Music\" (1965). Two years later, she had a minor part as Lady Petherington in \"Doctor Dolittle\" (1967). She had a recurring role in the 1960s NBC sitcom \"Hazel\" as Harriet Johnson. She appeared on CBS's \"I Love Lucy\" as \"Mrs. Benson\", the neighbour with whom the Ricardos switch apartments after the birth of Little Ricky in 1953. She was cast as Mrs. Murdock in the 1961 episode \"", "id": "2785657" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nwould go on to co-star with Ball in all of her post–\"I Love Lucy\" series (\"The Lucy Show\", \"Here's Lucy\" and \"Life with Lucy\"). Benaderet was a guest star in one episode as elderly Miss Lewis, a neighbor of the Ricardos. Barbara Pepper (later featured as Doris Ziffel in the series \"Green Acres\") was also considered to play Ethel, but Pepper had been drinking very heavily after the death of her husband, Craig W. Reynolds. Her friendship", "id": "14489575" }, { "contents": "Dracula: the Musical\n\n\n. Lucy accepts her fate and tells Arthur that she will marry him in an humorous scene. Arthur is never told that Mrs. Westenra more or less forced Lucy to marry him and he thinks throughout the play that Lucy loved him. Mina sees a storm coming on the ocean. Mina goes to Budapest and meets Jonathan, who is still recovering from the ordeal at the castle. He tells her about what he saw in the castle and Mina realises that the man she met was Dracula. Thinking Dracula is out for her,", "id": "13540747" }, { "contents": "Mary Wickes\n\n\nMenace\". She also played the part of a ballet teacher, Madame Lamond, in the \"I Love Lucy\" episode \"The Ballet\" (1952). Wickes also served as the live-action reference model for Cruella De Vil in Walt Disney's \"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\" (1961), and played Mrs. Squires in the film adaptation of Meredith Willson's \"The Music Man\" (1962). In 1953, Wickes played Martha the housekeeper to Ezio Pinza's character in the short-lived", "id": "16092804" }, { "contents": "Lucy Coe\n\n\nLilana Novakovich of the \"Toronto Star\" characterized Lucy as a \"sexy villain\", who fans loved to hate. Lucy is always at odds against \"just about everyone else in town.\" Herring admittedly enjoys playing \"sleazebag\" and \"seductress\" Lucy. Considered one of \"daytime's most manipulative witches\", Herring has stated that she is very different from her character. \"The hardest thing I have to deal with in public is that a lot of times, people want me to be Lucy with them", "id": "6765539" }, { "contents": "Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\n\n\ncast in a featured guest role as Mrs. Matilda Trumbull in the episode \"No Children Allowed\". Patterson's character of Mrs. Trumbull was initially an ornery curmudgeon who resided in the same New York apartment building as the Ricardos. In that installment, she threatened to make trouble for the Ricardos since the building did not allow children. At the end of the episode, however, her character softens as she holds for the first time the Ricardos' baby, \"Little Ricky\"; and, as a result, Mrs. Trumbull", "id": "1958888" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nwhich collected 76 episodes of \"I Love Lucy\", \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\", \"The Lucy Show\", \"Here's Lucy\", and the short-lived ABC-TV series \"Life with Lucy\" (which has never before been released to home media), plus a wide variety of bonus features. A DVD collection containing every colorized \"I Love Lucy\" episode as of August 13, 2019 will be released on that date as \"I Love Lucy: Colorized Collection\" and", "id": "14489674" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\n\"Lucy\" that portrayed the life of Lucille Ball, and during the \"I Love Lucy\" days, showed clips of \"I Love Lucy\" episodes. Numerous clips were remade, most notably \"Lucy Does a TV Commercial\", \"Lucy Is Enceinte\", and \"Job Switching\". Near the end of the movie, there are a selection of \"TV Guide\" covers in the hallway showing \"I Love Lucy\" franchises on their cover. Also, there was a close up of a \"New", "id": "14489653" }, { "contents": "Wilbur Hatch\n\n\noffstage \"Mr. Hatch, if you please.\") He was the sole composer for three episodes of \"I Love Lucy\" (1951–56), four episodes of \"The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\" (1959–60), all 156 episodes of \"The Lucy Show\" (1962–68) and all of the \"Here's Lucy\" (1968–69) episodes up to the time of his death. He also conceived and conducted the music for the TV versions of \"Our Miss Brooks\" and \"December Bride\",", "id": "21257973" }, { "contents": "I Love Luci\n\n\nI Love Luci is a short film written and directed by Colin Kennedy. The film was produced by Brian Coffey for Sigma Films I Love Luci is a story of unrequited love, missing teeth and one dog's potential to shape the fortunes of a couple destined never to be together. The story is based on an encounter the writer had outside his office with two methadone patients. The film is based on a direct transcript of a snippet of conversation between a man and woman who were walking up the street by Film City Glasgow", "id": "960495" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nwe love making up again.br br \"Lucy kisses like no one can.br \"She's my missus and I'm her man,br \"And life is heaven you see,br \" 'Cause I love Lucy, Yes I love Lucy, and Lucy loves me!\" \"I Love Lucy\" sung by Desi Arnaz with Paul Weston and the Norman Luboff Choir was released as the B-side of \"There's A Brand New Baby (At Our House)\" by Columbia Records (catalog number 39937) in 1953.", "id": "14489637" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\narranges an audition for Ricky who is hired to be in Vallée's orchestra, thus allowing him to immigrate to the United States on the very ship on which Lucy and the Mertzes were returning. Lucy later states that Ricky played for Vallée only one night before being traded to Xavier Cugat's orchestra. Note that the extended flashback segment \"Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana\" and the story of how Lucy and Ricky met is inconsistent with Season 4, Episode 18 entitled, \"Don Juan and the Starlets\" (1955)", "id": "14489570" }, { "contents": "Lucy Goes to the Hospital\n\n\n\"Lucy Goes to the Hospital\" is an episode of the 1950s American television show \"I Love Lucy\" in which the title character, Lucy Ricardo, gives birth to her son, \"Little Ricky,\" after a \"predictably chaotic\" sequence of events. Twelve hours before the broadcast, the actress who played Lucy Ricardo, Lucille Ball, had given birth to Desi Arnaz, Jr. by cesarean section. The episode had actually been filmed on November 14, 1952. The episode was the culmination of an unprecedented pairing", "id": "2866294" }, { "contents": "Tony Terran\n\n\n, Barbra Streisand, Baja Marimba Band, Tijuana Brass, The Carpenters and Tom Waits. Terran played on many recordings of television shows and film soundtracks such as \"I Love Lucy\", \"The Lucy Show\", \"Here's Lucy\", \"The Brady Bunch\", \"I Dream of Jeannie\", \"Get Smart\", \"Happy Days\", \"Popeye\", \"The Carol Burnett Show\", \"\", \"The Love Boat\", \"Mission Impossible\", \"Cheers\",", "id": "18639016" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nRicardos to play off of, and despite being her biggest success, she was becoming interested in playing more glamorous roles rather than Ethel. In fact, during the thirteen-episode run of the \"Lucy-Desi\" hour-long shows, Vance was given a lot more latitude to look more attractive as Ethel Mertz, something she was denied during the run of the \"I Love Lucy\" episodes. Frawley's resentment of Vance intensified after she declined to do the spin-off show and the two rarely talked to", "id": "14489621" }, { "contents": "The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\n\n\nwho considered leaving. Frawley, however, was happy with the reduction which gave him more time to attend to his other interests. New friends from the \"I Love Lucy\" Connecticut episodes, the Ramseys (or the Mortons), were not in the Comedy Hour cast and are only mentioned twice, each as babysitters for Little Ricky. Besides the Mertzes the only two characters from the \"I Love Lucy\" show to appear on the Comedy Hour were Lucy's mother (who appeared briefly in the 'Japan' episode", "id": "4958455" }, { "contents": "Lucy Robinson (Neighbours)\n\n\nenjoyed stepping back into Lucy's shoes, especially as the character is in control of her life. Bell admitted that despite being the third actress to play Lucy, she felt like she owned the character. She said \"I've played the character since I was 17 [now aged 40], so I took her from a young woman to a mature adult business-woman. I've always loved the character and it was really fun for me to come back and revisit Lucy.\" Lucy's return coincided with a", "id": "16852893" }, { "contents": "My Hero (American TV series)\n\n\n\" The timeslot later shifted from 8-8.30pm. Cummings reacted angrily to charges the show mistreated animals. The \"Los Angeles Times\" thought the show would \"rival \"I Love Lucy\"\" in popularity. The \"New York Times\" accused it of being a copy of \"I Love Lucy\" and said \"Cummings brought a magnificent terribleness to his part.\" The show was executive produced and part owned by Don Sharpe, who was also connected with \"I Love Lucy\" and \"Terry and the Pirates", "id": "1482639" }, { "contents": "My Favorite Husband\n\n\nconflicts that forced them to turn down the roles. Writers Carroll, Pugh and Oppenheimer all agreed to continue with \"I Love Lucy\". They subsequently reworked numerous \"My Favorite Husband\" episodes into \"I Love Lucy\" episodes early in the TV show's run. For example, the March 18, 1949 radio episode entitled \"Giveaway Program\" inspired the November 24, 1952 \"I Love Lucy\" episode \"Redecorating\". Many of the actors who appeared on \"My Favorite Husband\" on radio later appeared on", "id": "15326813" }, { "contents": "Lucy and Superman\n\n\ncall \"me\" Superman!\" Still on the ledge, an embarrassed Lucy turns to face the wall. In 1998, the episode was released on VHS as part of two separate compilations: \"I Love Lucy Collection, Volume 5 - Lucy and Bob Hope/Lucy and Superman\", and \"I Love Lucy - The Classics: Lucy and Superman/The Freezer\". The episode was released on DVD in 2006 as part of the box set \"I Love Lucy - The Complete Sixth Season\". CBS aired", "id": "1266237" }, { "contents": "Johnny Roventini\n\n\ndeal with advertising mogul Milton Biow who bought the show for his client, Philip Morris cigarettes. The tobacco company sponsored \"I Love Lucy\" exclusively from its premiere on October 15, 1951, through Christmas of 1954 (it then shifted to an \"alternate sponsorship\" with Procter & Gamble until June 1955). Although Philip Morris had a rich return for its investment and risk-taking in backing \"I Love Lucy\", Arnaz also had the wisdom to retain ownership of the \"I Love Lucy\" shows, effectively", "id": "5454476" }, { "contents": "Doris Singleton\n\n\n. She had a recurring role in \"I Love Lucy\" playing Carolyn Appleby in ten episodes between 1953 and 1957. (The character was named \"Lillian Appleby\" in her first appearance but \"Carolyn Appleby\" thereafter.) In 1953, she made her television debut as Gloria Harper in the episode \"Jungle Devil\" on the series, \"The Adventures of Superman\". Coincidentally, Singleton's final appearance on \"I Love Lucy\" was in an episode with Superman George Reeves (\"Lucy and Superman\" episode", "id": "8262121" }, { "contents": "Lucille Ball\n\n\naccept an All-American redhead and a Cuban as a couple. CBS was initially unimpressed with the pilot episode, produced by the couple's Desilu Productions company. The pair went on the road with a vaudeville act, in which Lucy played the zany housewife, wanting to get into Arnaz's show. Given the great success of the tour, CBS put \"I Love Lucy\" into their lineup. \"I Love Lucy\" was not only a star vehicle for Lucille Ball, but also a potential means for her to", "id": "8302307" }, { "contents": "Lucy Robinson (Neighbours)\n\n\nreturn six months prior to filming. During an interview with media reporting website Digital Spy, Bell was asked what it was like playing Lucy after two previous actresses had taken the role; she replied: \"It was really easy because I took over the character when she left boarding school and was grown up. I started when I was 18, and looked at old tapes to see her character and her relationships.\" In another interview Bell said: \"I love Lucy so much. She is so me. I played", "id": "16852890" }, { "contents": "Lucy Barker\n\n\nkill herself with poison, but survives and is driven completely insane. She forgets everyone and everything she held dear and wanders the streets of London as a homeless beggar. When Benjamin Barker, under the alias of \"Sweeney Todd\", returns years later, Mrs. Lovett, who was in love with him, leads him to believe that Lucy is dead. Lucy shows evident distaste for Mrs. Lovett, calling her a witch and constantly hanging around her meat pie shop. Eventually, when Johanna is upstairs at the barber shop,", "id": "20317371" }, { "contents": "The Nanny\n\n\n\"You never introduce me to any of the stars that you know; I've got a good mind to take Little Ricky and... oh. Never mind.\" Also, there was a reference from the episode of \"I Love Lucy\" called \"Ricky has Labor Pains\" where Lucy and Ethel dress up like men and go to Ricky's daddy shower. In an episode of \"The Nanny\", Fran sees a man watching \"I Love Lucy\" on TV and as the theme song plays she gets a", "id": "8750320" }, { "contents": "James Henry Van Alen\n\n\nJames Henry Van Alen (August 17, 1819 – July 22, 1886) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. James Henry Van Alen was born in 1819, in Kinderhook, New York. He was the only son of James I. Van Alen (1788–1874), an affluent merchant, and Lucy (née Trumbull) Van Alen (1788–1867) of the Connecticut Trumbulls. His sister Sophie Van Alen (d. 1916) was married to Robert Minturn Grinnell (1829–1898), the son of", "id": "14779009" }, { "contents": "The Female Marine\n\n\nLucy, William, and Mr. Charles West. A son of a tradesman in the community by the name of William confesses his love for Lucy before he leaves the countryside for business. Soon after, Mr. Charles West contacts Lucy via letters and explains how he discovered her story through her publication of \"The Adventures of Lucy Brewer.\" Lucy learns that Mr. West is the sister of the woman whose house she visited in New York City. Stuck with the task of choosing between two men, Lucy learns that William is killed", "id": "11640568" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\n, and this radio pilot episode has aired in more recent decades on numerous local radio stations that air some \"old time radio\" programming. Ball and Arnaz authorized various types of \"I Love Lucy\" merchandise. Beginning in November 1952, \"I Love Lucy\" dolls, manufactured by the American Character Doll Company, were sold. Adult-size \"I Love Lucy\" pajamas and a bedroom set were also produced; all of these items appeared on the show. Dell Comics published 35 issues of an \"I Love", "id": "14489640" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nseries musical numbers and to score the show's background and transitional music. Arnaz's childhood friend Marco Rizo arranged the music and played the piano for the show, while Wilbur Hatch was used to conduct the orchestra. Two problems arose, however, after Philip Morris signed on to sponsor the show, that would ultimately change the fate of \"I Love Lucy\". Lucy and Desi had originally decided that the series would air on a biweekly basis, much like \"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\". Philip Morris", "id": "14489589" }, { "contents": "My Favorite Husband\n\n\n\"I Love Lucy\", often in episodes where they reprised their original roles from a reworked \"My Favorite Husband\" script. During the first season of \"I Love Lucy\" Gale Gordon twice played the role of the boss, and the May 26, 1952 episode entitled \"Lucy's Schedule\" was a rewrite of the April 22, 1949 \"My Favorite Husband\" episode \"Time Schedule\" (also called \"Budgeting Time\".) CBS brought \"My Favorite Husband\" to television in 1953, starring Joan", "id": "15326814" }, { "contents": "Richard Keith (actor)\n\n\nKeith Thibodeaux (born December 1, 1950) is a former American child actor and musician, best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcoms \"I Love Lucy\" and \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\". His last name, which was Cajun French, was changed by producer Desi Arnaz to \"Keith\" because \"Thibodeaux\" was too difficult to pronounce. He is the last living regular appearing cast member from \"I Love Lucy\". Thibodeaux showed skill on the drums at a young age, and", "id": "8458695" }, { "contents": "Olan Soule\n\n\nat the Shady Rest\" and the 1968 episode \"Mae's Helping Hand\", he played Mr. Benson. In addition, he appeared several times as the clerk of the Carlton Hotel, the San Francisco residence of the character Paladin, in the TV series, \"Have Gun - Will Travel\". The list of Soule's supporting and starring roles is long. Some include \"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\", \"The Jack Benny Program\", \"I Love Lucy\", \"The Danny Thomas Show", "id": "9595129" }, { "contents": "100 episodes\n\n\nwas an early example: highly rated during its original broadcast run, it bombed in syndication. Michael Dann, who scheduled \"December Bride\" during its network run, soon realized that this was because the show had been picking up ratings from its lead-in, \"I Love Lucy\", bringing rise to the industry concept of hammocking. \"Here's Lucy\" was nowhere near as successful in syndication as its two predecessors, \"I Love Lucy\" and \"The Lucy Show\" (both of which remain in", "id": "8473087" }, { "contents": "My Melancholy Baby\n\n\nHe had regained his memory. William Frawley, who played Fred Mertz on \"I Love Lucy\", stated that he was the first person to perform the song publicly, in 1912 in the Mozart Cafe at 1647 Curtis Street in Denver, Colorado. Frawley revealed this during a May 3, 1965, appearance on the TV game show \"I've Got a Secret\". In 1958, Frawley performed the song again on the \"Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\" on the episode \"Lucy Goes to Sun Valley\".", "id": "16044959" }, { "contents": "The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\n\n\n) as Little Ricky's babysitter, and Hedda Hopper (who previously had appeared on 'The Hedda Hopper Story' and interviewed the Ricardos on 'Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana'). Little Ricky is used more but is still a minor character. Most feature him playing the drums, coming and going (examples include The Celebrity Next Door and, in several, off to school or some other function); he has no friends, unlike the 6th season of \"I Love Lucy\", where a few are", "id": "4958456" }, { "contents": "Tony Terran\n\n\nNY. In 1944, he arrived in Los Angeles after touring with Horace Heidt. In 1945, he began working with Bob Hope, and then with Desi Arnaz in 1946. His relationship with Arnaz helped shape Cuban/Latin music in the United States. Tony was the last surviving member of the Desi Arnaz Orchestra from the \"I Love Lucy\" television show. He had the distinction of playing on the first filmed television sitcom (I Love Lucy), and playing with some of the first R&B combo bands to use", "id": "18639019" }, { "contents": "Desi Arnaz\n\n\n. On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere of \"I Love Lucy\", in which he played a fictionalized version of himself, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique \"Ricky\" Ricardo. His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Ball, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been pursuing Ball to adapt her very popular radio series \"My Favorite Husband\" for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing her on-air spouse so the two would be able to", "id": "8831617" }, { "contents": "Brenda Marshall\n\n\nMarshall had a popular success in \"The Constant Nymph\" (1943), but she virtually retired after this, appearing in only four more inconsequential films. In one of these, she played scientist Nora Goodrich in the B picture cult classic \"Strange Impersonation\" (1946). In 1955, five years after her last film role, she made an appearance as herself (billed as Mrs. William Holden) in the fourth-season episode of \"I Love Lucy\" entitled \"The Fashion Show\". Marshall was born", "id": "14392732" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\non \"My Favorite Husband\", were originally approached for the roles of Fred and Ethel, but neither could accept owing to previous commitments. Gordon did appear as a guest star in three episodes, playing Ricky's boss, Mr. Littlefield, in two episodes, and later in an hour-long episode as a civil court judge. Gordon was a veteran from the classic radio days in which he perfected the role of the exasperated character, as in \"Fibber McGee and Molly\" and \"Our Miss Brooks\". He", "id": "14489574" }, { "contents": "Madge Blake\n\n\nin the pilot episode of \"The Addams Family\" (broadcast in the U.S in September 1964) as Miss Comstock, an official from the Addams' children's school. Blake also appeared in a memorable episode of \"I Love Lucy\" in 1957 with George Reeves guest-starring as Superman and in an earlier episode in 1954 as store clerk Mrs. Mulford. She played the mother of Joey Barnes on the Joey Bishop show from 1961 to 1964. At one point, the producers of \"Batman\" wanted to fire Blake", "id": "7588653" }, { "contents": "Du Barry Was a Lady (film)\n\n\nthe play, featured very little singing. Lucille Ball later hired Karl Freund to be the Director of Photography on \"I Love Lucy\". Bosley Crowther, in his review for \"The New York Times\", wrote: \"they have caught most of the humor of the original, with a lot of Red Skelton's own thrown in. And they have added Rags Ragland and Zero Mostel to be funny when Mr. Skelton is not... particularly they have given the whole show a Technicolor sheen, an eye-filling opulence", "id": "9845909" }, { "contents": "Life with Lucy\n\n\nhad worked for her since the days of \"I Love Lucy\". The most notable was sound man Cam McCulloch who joined the crew during \"I Love Lucy\"’s with its third season in 1954. By 1986 however, McCulloch was 77 years old and quite hard of hearing. Ball also insisted on hiring her former co-star Gale Gordon who by that time was retired from acting and living Palm Springs. Gordon had worked with Ball on Jack Haley's radio show and more consistently on \"My Favorite Husband\"", "id": "11220961" }, { "contents": "Nick at Nite\n\n\nhosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\". When \"I Love Lucy\" joined Nick at Nite in 1994, a week-long marathon called \"Nick at Nite Loves Lucy\" aired, showcasing every one of Lucille Ball's sitcoms that aired between 1951 and 1986 (\"I Love Lucy\", \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\", \"The Lucy Show\", \"Here's Lucy\", and \"Life With Lucy", "id": "6630369" }, { "contents": "I Love You Truly\n\n\nthe soundtrack for the film \"The Song\" (2014). As early as 1929 the song was heard in the comedy movie \"Wise Girls\" and has since been heard in numerous movies. It has also been heard on television sitcoms, often for comic effect. In the first-season episode of \"I Love Lucy\" \"The Marriage License\" (1952), it was sung by Mrs. Willoughby (Elizabeth Patterson), and in the seventh-season episode of \"All in the Family\" \"The", "id": "11451754" }, { "contents": "Rami Malek\n\n\nin \"Mr. Robot\", saying, \"I'm an exuberant person. I thrive on affection. I like chit chat ... One of the great things about living in New York is that you meet so many strangers, and I love encounters with strangers, I love meeting people and hearing their stories\". During his acceptance speech for Breakthrough Performance of the Year at the 30th Annual Palm Springs International Film Festival, Malek confirmed his relationship with his \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" co-star Lucy Boynton. In an interview during", "id": "15088212" }, { "contents": "I Love My Bitch\n\n\nthat album. I probably would have put I Love My Chick” on another album that it would have been more appropriate for.\" The music video \"I Love My Chick\" is based on the film \"Mr. & Mrs. Smith\", directed by Benny Boom. Busta Rhymes (aka Trevor Smith) plays Mr. Smith and Gabrielle Union plays Mrs. Smith. will.i.am and Dr. Dre also appear in the video, but for unknown reasons, Kelis does not. It reached number one on BET's \"106 & Park\".", "id": "17437366" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nGoes to Scotland\" digitally colorized (referencing color publicity stills and color \"home movies\" taken on the set during production), making it the first \"I Love Lucy\" episode to be fully colorized. Four years later, Time Life released the \"Lucy's Italian Movie\" episode for the first time in full color as part of their \"Essential 'I Love Lucy'\" collection. To date, the colorized \"Lucy in Scotland\" episode has never aired on television, but that episode, along with the", "id": "14489658" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nfrom their original network versions. It is unknown if the remaining seasons will be released individually. A complete series box set titled \"I Love Lucy: Complete Collection\" was scheduled for release on April 6, 2016, and in the UK on May 30, 2016. This collection contains 34 DVDs with all six seasons of \"I Love Lucy\" and all 13 episodes of \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\". In September 2018, Time-Life released a DVD, \"Lucy: The Ultimate Collection\",", "id": "14489673" }, { "contents": "K. T. Stevens\n\n\nIn the episode \"New Neighbors\" of the CBS sitcom, \"I Love Lucy,\" she played opposite Hayden Rorke as television actors who Lucy Ricardo mistakenly believes are foreign secret agents. Stevens appeared in 1957 and again in 1961 in different roles on ABC's \"The Real McCoys\". In 1959 she made her first of three guest appearances on \"Perry Mason\" as murder victim Ethel Garvin in \"The Case of the Dubious Bridegroom.\" In 1962 she played Margit Bruner in \"The Case of the Ancient Romeo", "id": "20877084" }, { "contents": "Lucy (The Divine Comedy song)\n\n\n\"Lucy\" is a song by The Divine Comedy and the only single from the album \"Liberation\". It is based on three of the Lucy poems by William Wordsworth. The song starts with \"I travelled among unknown men\", in which the poet tells us of his two-fold love for England and for an Englishwoman called Lucy. The second poem, \"She dwelt among the untrodden ways\", is about a woman the poet loved called Lucy, who is now dead. The last poem, \"", "id": "11591424" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nnew series \"The Lucy Show\" after the end of \"I Love Lucy\". Vance and Frawley's off-screen relationship was less successful. In spite of this, they were always professional and exhibited exceptional chemistry while performing on the show. In fact, their acrimonious personal relationship may have helped their onscreen marriage be that much funnier. Frawley derisively described Vance's appearance as \"a sack of doorknobs.\" It was reported that Vance, who was 22 years younger than Frawley, was not really keen on the", "id": "14489617" }, { "contents": "A Room with a View\n\n\nbeen in love with his son George all along. The novel ends in Florence, in melodramatic fashion, where George and Lucy have eloped without her mother's consent. However, Lucy has learned that Charlotte knew that Mr. Emerson was at Mr. Beebe's that fateful day, and did not discourage or keep her from going in and encountering him. Although Lucy \"had alienated Windy Corner, perhaps for ever\", the story ends with the promise of lifelong love for both her and George. In some editions, an appendix", "id": "20958938" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nof a newborn over a short period, \"I Love Lucy\" at first allowed the Little Ricky character to grow up in real time. America saw Little Ricky as an infant in the 1952–53 season and a toddler from 1953 to 1956. However, for the 1956–57 season, Little Ricky suddenly aged by two years, becoming a young school-age boy from 1956 to 1960. Five actors played the role, two sets of twins and later Keith Thibodeaux, whose stage name when playing Ricky Ricardo Jr. was Richard Keith.", "id": "14489626" }, { "contents": "Here's Lucy\n\n\n& Billy). She was employed at \"Carter's Unique Employment Agency\" by her bachelor brother-in-law Harry, played by Gale Gordon in a role similar to his Mr. Mooney role from \"The Lucy Show\". Mary Jane Croft, who had been a regular featured player on the last three seasons of \"The Lucy Show\", also became a semi-regular on the new series. Character actress Vanda Barra, who had played small parts on \"The Lucy Show\", was also added to", "id": "6909135" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nshow on film, something a few Hollywood-based series had begun to do. Both CBS and Philip Morris initially balked at the idea, because of the higher cost that filming the show would incur, yet acquiesced only after the couple offered to take a $1,000 a week pay cut in order to cover the additional expense. In exchange, Lucy and Desi demanded, and were given, 80% ownership in the \"I Love Lucy\" films (the other 20% went to producer Jess Oppenheimer who then gave 5", "id": "14489593" }, { "contents": "The Lucy Show\n\n\nseries, \"Here's Lucy\", debuted. This series featured her and her children, as well as Gordon, Croft, and Vance in occasional guest appearances as new characters which were similar to their characters on the former series. Like \"I Love Lucy\" and \"The Lucy Show\", \"Here's Lucy\" ran on CBS for six seasons. From the 1965–66 season onward, with the change in format, a number of celebrities guest starred on \"The Lucy Show\", usually playing themselves under the", "id": "6909111" }, { "contents": "Weird Al Yankovic (album)\n\n\nYankovic\" is the only album in Yankovic's discography to use the accordion in every song; in subsequent albums it is only used where deemed appropriate or wholly inappropriate for comedic effect. \"Ricky\" is a parody of \"Mickey\" by Toni Basil; an ode to \"I Love Lucy\" with Yankovic performing as Ricky and Tress MacNeille as Lucy. \"Gotta Boogie\" is a play on words discussing a man with a \"boogie\" on his finger and his quandary therein. \"I Love Rocky Road\"", "id": "11168938" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nParamount) has released all six seasons of \"I Love Lucy\" on DVD in Region 1, as well as all 13 episodes of \"The Lucy and Desi Comedy Hour\" (as \"I Love Lucy: The Final Seasons – 7, 8, & 9\"). Bonus features include rare on-set color footage and the \"Desilu/Westinghouse\" promotional film, as well as deleted scenes, original openings and interstitials (before they were altered or replaced for syndication) and on-air flubs. These", "id": "14489668" }, { "contents": "Jess Oppenheimer\n\n\nJessurun James \"Jess\" Oppenheimer (November 11, 1913 – December 27, 1988) was an American radio and television writer, producer, and director. He was the producer and head writer of the CBS sitcom \"I Love Lucy\". Lucille Ball called Oppenheimer “the brains” behind \"I Love Lucy\". As series creator, producer, and head writer, “Jess was the creative force behind the ‘Lucy’ show,” according to \"I Love Lucy\" director William Asher. “He was", "id": "20214903" }, { "contents": "Villette (novel)\n\n\nand a sneer at Mrs. Bretton quenches his love at last, and he then falls in love with Polly. They eventually marry. Lucy conquers her love for him and buries all his treasured letters to her, saying, \"Good-night, Dr. John; you are good, you are beautiful but you are not mine. Good-night, and God bless you!\" Mrs. Bretton: Dr. John Graham Bretton's mother and Lucy's godmother. She is a widow and has \"health without flaw, and her", "id": "14541356" }, { "contents": "Slowly I Turned\n\n\n\"Niagara Falls\" and both Moe \"and\" Larry chase him off the stage. The routine also appears in episode 19, \"The Ballet\" of season 1 of \"I Love Lucy\", with Lucy playing the stranger with a kind face and a clown playing the storyteller, with the trigger word \"Martha\". Lucille Ball later performed the \"Martha\" version on \"CBS Opening Night\" in 1963, now playing the vagabond storyteller herself, with Phil Silvers as the stranger with the kind face. Danny", "id": "4663334" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nI Love Lucy is an American television sitcom that originally ran on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning 6 seasons (including the 'lost' original pilot and Christmas episode). The show starred Lucille Ball, her real-life husband Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley. It followed the life of Lucy Ricardo (Ball), a middle class housewife in New York City, who either concocted plans with her best friends (", "id": "14489557" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nThe song was covered by Michael Franks on the album \"Dragonfly Summer\" (1993). In 1977, the Wilton Place Street Band had a Top 40 hit with a disco version of the theme, \"Disco Lucy\". There was some thought about creating an \"I Love Lucy\" radio show to run in conjunction with the television series as was being done at the time with the CBS hit show \"Our Miss Brooks\". On February 27, 1952, a sample \"I Love Lucy\" radio show was", "id": "14489638" }, { "contents": "Desi Arnaz\n\n\nadaptation, \"The Mambo Kings\". Arnaz was portrayed by Oscar Nuñez in \"I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom\", a comedy about how Arnaz and Ball battled to get their sitcom on the air. It had its world premiere in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Drew as Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as \"I Love Lucy\" creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer", "id": "8831638" }, { "contents": "Crossroads (2002 film)\n\n\n, who do you call? Your girlfriend. I just love that message.\" Justin Long, who plays one of Lucy's best friends from high school, thought that \"Crossroads\" is \"like a road trip buddy movie for girls.\" Long also said that he was impressed by Spears' work ethic, commenting that \"she could not have been more down to earth. She's the sweetest girl. After 10 minutes, I forgot she was a big pop star.\" Anson Mount, who plays Ben", "id": "10191942" }, { "contents": "The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love\n\n\nThe Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love\" was published in 1989, and soon became a huge international bestseller. It tells the story of Cesar Castillo, an aged musician who once had a small amount of fame when he and his brother appeared on an episode of I Love Lucy in the 1950s. The book chronicles Cesar’s last hours as he sits in a seedy hotel room, drinking and listening to recordings made by his band, the Mambo Kings. Events and characters whirl through Cesar's mind, evoking what he has", "id": "4027708" }, { "contents": "List of I Love Lucy episodes\n\n\n, is generally not counted as one of the episodes and therefore listed separately for reference. It is, however, available on DVD and Blu-ray releases of the first season. Following \"I Love Lucy\", a further 13 one hour-long episodes were produced under the title of \"The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\" with the same cast and later packaged as seasons 7, 8 & 9 under the \"I Love Lucy\" series. • This unaired pilot was considered lost, until Pepito Pérez's widow", "id": "3916453" }, { "contents": "Hollywood Plaza Hotel\n\n\nthe Hollywood Plaza in 1941, but was forced to move to the cheaper Wilcox Hotel. In the 1940s and 1950s, a barber shop in the basement was frequented by singer Frank Sinatra, who enjoyed playing gin rummy with the barber. Comedian George Burns maintained an office at the top of the hotel in the late 1930s. The silhouette of a hotel seen from the window of Lucy Ricardo's flat in several \"I Love Lucy\" episodes is that of the Hollywood Plaza. The hotel had its share of notoriety. In", "id": "6253230" }, { "contents": "Wilton Place Street Band\n\n\nCalifornia. The purpose of the Wilton Place Street Band—so named because Lawrence lived on Wilton Place in L.A.— was to record an instrumental disco cover version of the theme tune to \"I Love Lucy\". The result was released as the single \"Disco Lucy\" on Island Records in 1977. It hit #7 on the U.S. Club Play chart and #24 on the Top 40. Two further singles followed: \"Sweet, Sweet Baby Love\" and \"Gonna Have a Party\". Trevor Lawrence played", "id": "8391699" }, { "contents": "The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\n\n\nthe series because of the cast, which remained intact from the original. \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\" is occasionally seen on nostalgia outlets like TV Land in its original hour-long format, or in edited thirty-minute installments (beginning in 1987) as \"We Love Lucy\" and run directly after the sixth season of \"I Love Lucy\" the additional 'episodes' broadcast as a 7th season of \"I Love Lucy\". Me-TV broadcast the program in the original one-hour format", "id": "4958466" }, { "contents": "Little Big Mom\n\n\ncharacters from \"I Love Lucy\" and \"The Lucy Show\". Left out were Lucy Carter of \"Here's Lucy\" and Lucy Barker of \"Life with Lucy\".\" \"The Simpsons\" cast member Tress MacNeille provided the voice of Ball in the episode. Additional references to Ball's work featured in \"Little Big Mom\" include Homer and Bart watching \"I Love Lucy\" with the volume turned up high, disturbing Lisa when she is trying to sleep. An \"Itchy & Scratchy\" cartoon that", "id": "8340766" }, { "contents": "I Love Lucy\n\n\nThe story, at least insofar as related to newspaper columnist Hedda Hopper, is that the couple met in Havana when Lucy and the Mertzes vacationed there in 1940. Despite his being a university graduate, proficient in English, Ricky is portrayed as a driver of a horse-drawn cab who waits for fares at a pier where tourists arrive by ship. Ricky is hired to serve as one of Lucy's tour guides and the two fall in love. Having coincidentally also met popular singer Rudy Vallée on the cruise ship, Lucy", "id": "14489569" }, { "contents": "Theodore J. Mooney\n\n\nwho was badly in debt. Since she was looking for money to pay off his debts, she crossed swords with Mr. Mooney, whom she invariably called \"Mr. Money\". When \"The Lucy Show\" ended in 1968, Gordon moved to Ball's new show \"Here's Lucy\" in the role of Lucy's brother-in-law, Harry Carter, a character similar in temperament and demeanor to Mooney. He remained with the new program until it left the CBS lineup in 1974. He then played the", "id": "7537100" } ]

[ { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nCity Live-Stock Landing and Slaughter-House Company, to run a Grand Slaughterhouse at the southern part of the city, opposite the Mississippi River. Crescent City would not slaughter beef itself but act as a franchise corporation, by renting out space to other butchers in the city for a fee, under a designated maximum. The statute also granted \"sole and exclusive privilege of conducting and carrying on the livestock landing and slaughterhouse business within the limits and privilege granted by the act, and that all such animals shall be landed", "id": "6430731" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nat the stock landings and slaughtered at the slaughterhouses of the company, and nowhere else. Penalties are enacted for infractions of this provision, and prices fixed for the maximum charges of the company for each steamboat and for each animal landed\". The exclusivity would last for a period of 25 years. All other slaughterhouses would be closed up, forcing butchers to slaughter within the operation set up by Crescent City. The statute forbade Crescent City from favoring one butcher over another by promising harsh penalties for refusal to sell space to any", "id": "6430732" }, { "contents": "Robert Cushman\n\n\n's apprenticeship to grocer George Masters, being a second son who did not inherit land and moved to the city to become an apprentice. George Masters had the monopoly of tallow candle making which had been granted to him by the City of Canterbury, with city butchers being obliged to sell animal fat to him for candle production. The parish of St. George being especially malodorous laying between the cattle market on one side and the butcher's slaughterhouse on the other. Apprentice Robert Cushman lived in George Master's house in St. George the", "id": "10641658" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nthe state's ability to grant slaughterhouse monopolies, devolving regulation of cattle slaughter to parishes and municipalities, and banning the subordinate governmental units from granting monopoly rights over such activities. Having essentially lost its monopoly protection, the Crescent City Co. sued. That case ended in \"Butchers' Union Co. v. Crescent City Co.\" (1884), with the Supreme Court holding that Crescent City Co. did not have a contract with the state and so that revocation of the monopoly privilege was not a violation of the Contract Clause. Harvard Law", "id": "6430742" }, { "contents": "I Stand Alone (film)\n\n\naway at a slaughterhouse that once did business with his shop, the Butcher decides to kill the slaughterhouse manager. He plots the murder at a local tavern, but is ejected from the bar at gunpoint after squabbling with the owner's son. The Butcher finds that he has only three bullets in his gun, and begins assigning them to the men he feels have humiliated him the most. More and more isolated, he decides to look for the only person he feels has ever loved him: his daughter. After meeting her", "id": "15224580" }, { "contents": "Farmers' market\n\n\nby a vendor that performs its own butchering, packaging, and labeling will not include a government inspection legend or a \"distributed by/packed for\" statement on the label. In such cases the vendor/butcher gets the carcass or other major cuts of meat from a government inspected slaughterhouse and does the secondary butchering (\"fabrication\"), packaging, and labeling in its own facility. A government official inspection legend is not required on a package of meat butchered and packaged by such a vendor because it is sold directly", "id": "20047945" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nbutcher. All animals on the premises would be inspected by an officer appointed by the governor of the state. Over 400 members of the Butchers' Benevolent Association joined together to sue to stop Crescent City's takeover of the slaughterhouse industry. In the background of his majority opinion, Supreme Court Justice Samuel Freeman Miller reiterated the concerns of the butchers: This statute is denounced [by the butchers] not only as creating a monopoly and conferring odious and exclusive privileges upon a small number of persons at the expense of the great body", "id": "6430733" }, { "contents": "Henry Stockley\n\n\nThe latter's death had a significant influence on Stockley as an artist. Stockley started school in a room at the Manse, High Street, Eynsford and then moved to the village school. He left school at thirteen, and started work in a slaughterhouse at the village butchers [Pockocks, Eynsford] and at an early age moved to Farnham, Surrey, where he worked in a slaughterhouse attached to T. Stratford, a Farnham Butcher. Stockley claimed in a newspaper interview that he painted slaughter house scenes, but these have not", "id": "5953918" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse (Hell on Wheels)\n\n\nMickey and direct them to the slaughterhouse. Elam rushes in to alert Durant about the McGinnes brothers' abduction. Durant orders Elam to assist Cullen in controlling the situation. The mob hangs Sean and Mickey by their bound hands from slaughterhouse's meat hooks as the butcher sharpens his knife. Elam and Cullen storm in and free the brothers, but Cullen then leads them to the jail car. Mickey protests that he did not kill Schmidt, but acknowledges that he let everyone think so. Cullen still ushers them into the car.", "id": "20220187" }, { "contents": "Bereavement (film)\n\n\nkidnapped by psychotic serial killer Graham Sutter. At an abandoned slaughterhouse once operated by his family, Graham cuts Martin's cheek before butchering a captive young woman in front of him. Martin attempts to escape, but Graham catches him and returns him to the slaughterhouse, where he continues to hold the boy and future female victims captive. Over the next five years, Graham brutally butchers several young women, forcing Martin to watch as the trauma slowly desensitizes him. Graham, who feels guilt over killing the cattle he cared for at", "id": "20025570" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse\n\n\ndiverse places. Early maps of London show numerous stockyards in the periphery of the city, where slaughter occurred in the open air. A term for such open-air slaughterhouses was \"shambles\", and there are streets named \"The Shambles\" in some English and Irish towns (e.g., Worcester, York, Bandon) which got their name from having been the site on which butchers killed and prepared animals for consumption. Fishamble Street, Dublin was formerly a \"fish-shambles\". The slaughterhouse emerged as a coherent", "id": "10465660" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse (film)\n\n\nruns her car off the road. She tries to escape on foot, but Buddy catches up to her and slices her neck with a butcher knife. When Tom arrives at the slaughterhouse, Lester lures him to the processing room, where Buddy drops him into a saw machine. That evening at the Pig Out, a town dance, the power goes out due to a rainstorm, and many people leave. Buzz says it's the best time for filming at the slaughterhouse. Skip then makes a $20 bet that the", "id": "15743210" }, { "contents": "Swift & Co. v. United States\n\n\nthe Chicago slaughterhouse industry. Even though the slaughterhouse supposedly only dealt with intrastate matters, the butchering of meat was merely a \"station\" along the way between cow and meat. Thus as it was part of the greater meat industry that was between the several states Congress can regulate it. The Court's decision halted price fixing by Swift & Company and its allies. The case originated in 1902 when President Theodore Roosevelt directed his Attorney General Philander Knox to bring a lawsuit against the \"Beef Trust\" on antitrust grounds using the", "id": "4315555" }, { "contents": "Case-ready meat\n\n\nCase-ready meat, retail-ready meat, or pre-packaged meat refers to fresh meat that is processed and packaged at a central facility and delivered to the store ready to be put directly into the meat case. Traditionally, most meat was shipped as primal cuts from the slaughterhouse to the butcher. Meat was then cut to commonly used cuts and packaged at the store or was custom cut for consumers. Case-ready meat is cut and packaged at central regional facilities and sent to retail stores ready for placement in", "id": "10283739" }, { "contents": "King Edward Street, London\n\n\nKing Edward Street is a street in the City of London that runs from Newgate Street in the south to Little Britain in the north. It is joined by Greyfriars Passage in the west and Angel Street in the east. Postman's Park is on its east side where Bull and Mouth Street once lay and joined King Edward Street. The street was once known for its butchers and slaughterhouses and had the names Butchers' Hall Lane, Stinking Lane, Chick Lane, and Blowbladder Street. According to John Strype in 1720 the butchers", "id": "21390522" }, { "contents": "Roman cuisine\n\n\nof Renaissance cuisine and describes cooking techniques and tools, giving the first known picture of a fork. Roman and all Italian cuisine were transformationally influenced by the introduction, by the Spanish, of new world crops, specially the tomato. The Testaccio rione, Rome's trade and slaughterhouse area, is the place where Rome's most original and traditional foods can still be found. The area was often known as the \"belly\" or \"slaughterhouse\" of Rome, and was inhabited by butchers, or \"vaccinari\". The", "id": "3069654" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nThe Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision that held that the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution only protects the legal rights that are associated with federal citizenship, not those that pertain to state citizenship. The decision consolidated two similar cases. Seeking to improve sanitary conditions, the Louisiana legislature and the city of New Orleans had established a corporation charged with regulating the slaughterhouse industry. Members of the Butchers' Benevolent Association", "id": "6430725" }, { "contents": "Kobe foreign settlement\n\n\nmerchants at the Yokohama foreign settlement was highly valued among foreigners. After the port opened, its foreign residents enthusiastically sought out this beef, but as beef was not customarily consumed in Japan at the time, no systems existed to provide enough supply. Therefore, the foreigners themselves opened slaughterhouses and butchers. The first of these was opened by the British businessman , who at some point rented a slaughterhouse to the east of the Ikuta River, opened a butcher along the coastal road Kaigan-dōri, and began to sell beef.", "id": "19418226" }, { "contents": "Bob Stookey\n\n\ntheir supplies are taken and they are only seen in the closing moments of the episode, when Gareth forces Rick, Carl, Michonne and Daryl inside of the boxcar they are locked inside of after the shootout at Terminus. In the episode \"No Sanctuary\", Bob is taken with Rick, Daryl and Glenn to a slaughterhouse where they helplessly witness Gareth's butchers kill four other people. Before the butchers can kill Glenn, they are distracted and Bob attempts to reason with Gareth telling him about Eugene's apparent cure but Gareth", "id": "2732082" }, { "contents": "Park Honan\n\n\nwhen Honan was seven years old, leaving his mother to raise their sons alone; she rented a small house in Bronxville, New York, where she felt the public schools were excellent. He earned a scholarship to Deep Springs College, a small school in the California desert. While at school, Honan worked as a butcher and a car mechanic, enjoying horseback riding and fascinated with the local reptiles. Of the butcher job, he said: \"My boots used to be awash in four inches of blood in the slaughterhouse", "id": "19827736" }, { "contents": "Jagiellońska street in Bydgoszcz\n\n\nintestinal treatment plant, a market place, a butcher's chamber, a water tower, a boiler room, a cold room, a slaughterhouse for sick animals, and a stable. An extension of the complex occurred in 1909 and 1910, including among others, a cash register, rooms for accounting, a room for the vet department, an apartment for the porter and a 6-room apartment for the Slaughterhouse Director. The ensemble was part of the municipal slaughterhouse and meat trade in Bydgoszcz, together with the factory itself. In", "id": "11397338" }, { "contents": "Incorporation of the Bill of Rights\n\n\nfor applying the Bill of Rights against the states. In his dissent to \"Adamson v. California\", however, Justice Hugo Black pointed out that the \"Slaughter-House Cases\" did not directly involve any right enumerated in the Constitution: Thus, in Black's view, the \"Slaughterhouse Cases\" should not impede incorporation of the Bill of Rights against the states, via the Privileges or Immunities Clause. Some scholars go even further, and argue that the \"Slaughterhouse Cases\" affirmatively supported incorporation of the Bill of Rights", "id": "11033740" }, { "contents": "Butcher\n\n\n1272. Today, many jurisdictions offer trade certifications for butchers. Some areas expect a three-year apprenticeship followed by the option of becoming a master butcher. Butchery is a traditional line of work. In the industrialized world, slaughterhouses use butchers to slaughter the animals, performing one or a few of the steps repeatedly as specialists on a semiautomated disassembly line. The steps include stunning (rendering the animal incapacitated), exsanguination (severing the carotid or brachial arteries to facilitate blood removal), skinning (removing the hide or pelt", "id": "18012304" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse\n\n\nis done at a butchery or other meat preparation facility. The standards and regulations governing slaughterhouses vary considerably around the world. In many countries the slaughter of animals is regulated by custom and tradition rather than by law. In the non-Western world, including the Arab world, the Indian sub-continent, etc., both forms of meat are available: one which is produced in modern mechanized slaughterhouses, and the other from local butcher shops. In some communities animal slaughter and permitted species may be controlled by religious laws", "id": "10465674" }, { "contents": "Tannery Road\n\n\nto renew the licence of the slaughterhouse as the effluent treatment plant was not in operation. An investigation by Indian Institute of Journalism & New Media found children aged 11–15 years working at the slaughterhouse, with the butchers (mostly Muslim) saying that they were unable to afford providing education to their children, and hence had them helping out in the slaughterhouse. Most of the residents of Tannery Road are Tamil speaking Dalit Hindus and Christians, and Urdu speaking Muslims. There are also small number of Marwari traders running businesses on Tannery Road", "id": "16410490" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nto Protect the Health of the City of New Orleans, to Locate the Stock Landings and Slaughter Houses, and to incorporate the Crescent City Livestock Landing and Slaughter-House Company,\" which allowed the city of New Orleans to create a corporation that centralized all slaughterhouse operations in the city. At the time, New York City, San Francisco, Boston, Milwaukee, and Philadelphia had similar provisions to confine butchers to areas in order to keep offal from contaminating the water supply. The legislature chartered a private corporation, the Crescent", "id": "6430730" }, { "contents": "Vleeshuis\n\n\nnot known when the first one was built. The second Vleeshuis was built in 1250 near the castle of Antwerp. It was commissioned by the Duke of Brabant and paid for by the city of Antwerp. A central meat market enabled the city to regulate the meat industry, limiting the number of butchers permitted to sell to 52. The building may have also functioned as a slaughterhouse. In 1290, John I, Duke of Brabant recognized the guild of Antwerp butchers, resulting in butchers' guild being the oldest trade guild in", "id": "21602690" }, { "contents": "Skrull Kill Krew\n\n\nto a slaughterhouse and butchered as beef. Some of the meat eaten by people transferred the Skrull's adaptable DNA code into the humans' cells, resulting in a bizarre condition called \"Skrullovoria-Induced Skrullophobia\", in which these individuals not only gained shapeshifting powers equal to, or greater than, actual Skrulls, but also developed an intense fear or hatred of Skrulls. Only a small number of humans proved susceptible to this syndrome, and most did not survive the initial stages of infection. But several people who proved somewhat", "id": "520146" }, { "contents": "Butcher's Arms Ground\n\n\nButcher's Arms Ground is a multi-use stadium in Droylsden, Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Droylsden F.C.. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 people both seated and standing and is nicknamed \"The Slaughterhouse\" or \"Abattoir\" by fans. The \"Butchers\" reference is celebrated at a designated home game once a year, when the stadium floor is sprinkled with saw dust and fans are invited to wear white overalls and hairnets. During", "id": "15077668" }, { "contents": "William Kesling\n\n\nGerman immigrants. Adolph Kessling (1854-1928) was born in Germany, had left home and moved to Russia at the age of 13, and eventually traveled to the United States, settling in Kansas City where he met and married Pauline Heissler. William Kessling was the fourth of their five children. The Kesslings moved from Kansas City to Brenham, Texas, where they owned a ranch, slaughterhouse, and butcher shop. In 1911, Adolph and his eldest son left the family without notice. In 1916, however,", "id": "18515854" }, { "contents": "Walburga, Lady Paget\n\n\nthat I must choose between giving up the eating of animal food and my peace of mind. These considerations were not the only ones that moved me. I do not think that anyone has a right to indulge in tastes which oblige others to follow a brutalizing and degrading occupation. When you call a man a butcher, it signifies that he is fond of bloodshed. Butchers often become murderers, and I have known cases where butchers have actually been hired to murder persons whom they did not even know... I was almost fully", "id": "7762510" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Part 2\n\n\nHenry to a realisation of how he has failed Gloucester, and to lament his own lack of decisiveness and resolution: poem And as the butcher takes away the calf, And binds the wretch, and beats it when it strains, Bearing it to the bloody slaughterhouse, Even so remorseless have they borne him hence; And as the dam runs lowing up and down, Looking the way her harmless young one went, And can do naught but wail her darling's loss, Even so myself bewails good Gloucester's case With sad", "id": "14574261" }, { "contents": "Bovine leukemia virus\n\n\nto be a correlation in instances of cancer among butchers and slaughterhouse workers. It was discovered in 2003 that some humans carry antibodies reactive to BLV. In 2014, researchers discovered the presence of BLV positive cells in the human breast tissue. A case-control study published in 2015 suggests that exposure to BLV is associated with breast cancer. A later study of Australian women detected retrotranscribed BLV DNA in breast tissue of 40/50(80%) of women with breast cancer versus 19/46(41%) of women with no history of breast cancer, indicating", "id": "14638073" }, { "contents": "Benjamin Ward Richardson\n\n\nInspectors of Great Britain (later renamed the Sanitary Inspectors Association (SIA)) from 1890 to 1896. Like his predecessor, Sir Edwin Chadwick, he took a close interest in the Association, on many occasions leading deputations to the President of the Local Government Board to argue the case for security of tenure for inspectors against arbitrary dismissal. The local authority employers often consisted of local slum property owners and small businessmen, such as butchers, slaughterhouse owners, mill and factory owners, whose financial interests were affected by the inspectors'", "id": "17154660" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nor Immunities Clause on state law, the Supreme Court would later strike down state laws on the basis of other clauses in the Fourteenth Amendment, including the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. One writer described New Orleans in the mid-nineteenth century as plagued by \"intestines and portions of putrefied animal matter lodged [around the drinking pipes]\" whenever the tide from the Mississippi River was low; the offal came from the city's slaughterhouses. A mile and a half upstream from the city, 1,000 butchers gutted", "id": "6430728" }, { "contents": "Li Ang (writer)\n\n\nin much of her work. Many of her stories are set in Lukang. \"The Butcher's Wife\" is critical of traditional Chinese patriarchy. The heroine is sold by her dead father's brother into marriage with a brutal butcher much older than she. He dominates her sexually and takes pleasure in frightening her in various ways, including a visit to the slaughterhouse, after which the heroine in a disoriented state of mind murders him with a butcher's blade. Li Ang is known for her idiosyncratic, candid and penetrating insights", "id": "13340902" }, { "contents": "Mary Paik Lee\n\n\nbusiness. On Saturdays, Mary would go to the slaughterhouse and collect the animal organs that the butchers threw out and thought not appropriate to sell. She competed with Mexican children for the preferred pieces of meat while the butchers laughed at them. At one point, she told her father that she didn't want to continue going because they were making fun of her but her father told her to be grateful that the butchers threw out the meat, or else they would starve. When Mary was old enough, she went to", "id": "21797017" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse (film)\n\n\nSlaughterhouse (also known as Pig Farm Massacre, Maniac and Bacon Bits) is a 1987 American comedy slasher film directed by Rick Roessler and starring Joe B. Barton. Lester Bacon is an old nut-case farmer living with his simple-minded, obese son Buddy. Both of them lament the fate of the old skilled hog farmer, now giving way to modern factory-type slaughterhouses. The father and son go on a killing spree against people who trespass on their property. In the opening scene, Buddy kills two teenagers", "id": "15743205" }, { "contents": "Portobello, Dublin\n\n\nLongwood Avenue, Bloomfield Avenue (where a Jewish school was opened) and other parts of Portobello. The shopping area of Little Jerusalem stretched along Lower Clanbrassil Street where there were many Jewish shops and businesses, mixed with local Irish, for example Eastman butchers, who carried out the ritual slaughtering until a Jewish slaughterhouse was established in Vincent Street. For a long time local (non-Jewish) children earned their pocket money by lighting fires and doing odd-jobs (the Shabbat goy) for the Jews on their Sabbath.", "id": "13697519" }, { "contents": "Robin Hood and the Butcher\n\n\na fair (1.9). Robin appreciates the butcher's good nature and asks him about his trade and where he lives. The butcher refuses to say where he lives, but tells Robin he is going to a fair in Nottingham, and in response Robin queries him about the price of his meat and horse, interested in becoming a butcher himself (although, in some variants he fights with the butcher). In all variants, Robin buys the butcher's goods and goes into Nottingham, where he sells a lot of", "id": "20649315" }, { "contents": "Economy of Gjilan\n\n\nbut that collects and processes close to 10,000 liters of milk for a day. 2. Dairy Ard 1,500 liters for a day. 3.Exclusive dairy goat milk processing \"-Bioprodukt, with capacity 2000 liters for a day. III. Licensed slaughterhouses. 1.The Butchery \"Gas-2.Butchery Luli- 3.Butchery Malësia -IV. Units butchers selling meat are 10 of them, four Association, which carry out activities in various sectors of the livestock but which are much less active. Farm infrastructure . - In general it is not good : - Farms did not respond", "id": "9270270" }, { "contents": "United States constitutional law\n\n\ncome to rest upon arrival at the slaughterhouse (thereby ending the stream of commerce), so whatever happened in the slaughterhouse was not Congress's business. In these early cases, the Court approached problems formalistically - from cabining commerce to a specific zone to a direct/indirect test. This continued in the cow case, \"Stafford v. Wallace\", where the court articulated a \"Stream of Commerce\" test; essentially, Stream of Commerce conceptualizes commerce as a flow mostly concerned with the transportation and packaging of goods and not", "id": "1615039" }, { "contents": "Albert Wittmer\n\n\nAlbert Wittmer Jr. (March 9, 1896 – March 10, 1950) was an American football and basketball player and coach, lawyer, and state legislator. He was a native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who attended Allegheny High School and Mercersburg Academy. His father, Albert Wittmer, Sr., was a Pennsylvania native who worked as a butcher in a slaughterhouse. At the time of the 1910 United States Census, Wittmer lived in Pittsburgh with his parents, two younger brothers and a younger sister. Wittmer attended Westminster College", "id": "19454363" }, { "contents": "Milton Balkany\n\n\nto Sarah Rubashkin with whom he has 13 children. They live in Borough Park, Brooklyn. His father-in-law is Aaron Rubashkin, a Lubavitcher hasidic Brooklyn butcher and the founder of the now bankrupt slaughterhouse and meat-packaging factory Agriprocessors based in Postville, Iowa. In September 1960, Balkany founded \"Bais Yaakov of Brooklyn\", now \"Bais Yaakov of Midwood\", a strictly orthodox girls′ school in Borough Park, and served as its dean. A conservative Republican, he has been active in political fundraising", "id": "20661925" }, { "contents": "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933\n\n\ngoal of the code was to ensure that live poultry (provided to kosher slaughterhouses for butchering and sale to observant Jews) were fit for human consumption and to prevent the submission of false sales and price reports. The industry was almost entirely centered on New York City. Under the new poultry code, the Schechter brothers were indicted on 60 counts (of which 27 were dismissed by the trial court), acquitted on 14, and convicted in 19. One of the counts on which they were convicted was for selling a diseased", "id": "4120515" }, { "contents": "Mazunte\n\n\nand inaccessible. Only about two or three homes belonging to families who made a living by subsistence fishing and agriculture were here. The population began to rise with the establishment of sea turtle hunting, which began in nearby San Agustinillo. In the 1970s a turtle slaughterhouse was built in Mazunte, making the area the center of sea turtle exploitation, and the town became almost wholly dependent on the trade of turtle meat and eggs, the latter considered to be an aphrodisiac. Legally about 30,000 animals a year were butchered, but some", "id": "9068766" }, { "contents": "Food\n\n\nin slaughterhouses, which are used to process animals en masse for meat production. Many countries regulate their slaughterhouses by law. For example, the United States has established the Humane Slaughter Act of 1958, which requires that an animal be stunned before killing. This act, like those in many countries, exempts slaughter in accordance to religious law, such as kosher, shechita, and dhabīḥah halal. Strict interpretations of kashrut require the animal to be fully aware when its carotid artery is cut. On the local level, a butcher", "id": "10376557" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse (Hell on Wheels)\n\n\n\"Slaughterhouse\" is the third episode of the second season of the American television drama series \"Hell on Wheels\", which aired on August 26, 2012 on AMC. The thirteenth episode of the series is co-written by Jami O'Brien & Bruce Marshall Romans, and directed by Sergio Mimica-Gezzan. Bauer, the town butcher and friend of the deceased Schmidt, seeks to avenge his murder. His target: a bragging Mickey McGinnes (Phil Burke) and his brother Sean (Ben Esler). With no help", "id": "20220183" }, { "contents": "Mannheim May Market\n\n\nthe city center. In 1876, the side shows were separated from the May Market and shifted to the old show ground. In 1892, part of the May Market moved to the newly opened slaughterhouse. In 1900 the remainder followed. In addition to the old cattle and horse market, agricultural equipment was now added, along with butcher's shops and sales of dairy produce. The first May Market after the Second World War was held in 1949 in the Rosengarten meeting building. Later it was held in the slaughterhouse area again", "id": "15328871" }, { "contents": "Farmers' market\n\n\nvendor or butcher will not include a government seal, and will not include any type of statement that classifies the vendor as a reseller/distributor. The labels on retail beef and pork products that originate a vendor’s/rancher’s livestock will not include the \"distributed by/packed for/prepared for” statement. Note that the label will still have an official/government Inspection Legend that identifies the establishment that performed the slaughtering, butchering, packaging, and labeling because any product leaving a slaughterhouse to be sold for human consumption", "id": "20047943" }, { "contents": "List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters\n\n\n\" and is a murderous slaughterhouse worker. When a cameraman and newswoman came to interview him and other butchers about the murderers, he gave them a graphic tour of the slaughterhouse, showing them various animals being killed and how the meat was rendered. Later, when one of their crew went missing, the two went back inside only for Hank to reappear and attack them. After knocking them both out with a cattle-prod, Hank proceeded to torture and ultimately murder the cameraman in the same exact way that the animals were", "id": "5982058" }, { "contents": "Takeda Lullaby\n\n\nthe victim of severe discrimination and ostracism. These communities were often made up of those with occupations considered impure or tainted by death – such as executioners, undertakers, workers in slaughterhouses, butchers or tanners. Professions such as these had severe social stigmas of kegare, or “defilement”, attached to them. A burakumin neighborhood within metropolitan Tokyo was the last to be served by streetcar, and is the site of butcher and leather shops to this day. In this lullaby a young girl comforts herself with singing about her miserable", "id": "21286672" }, { "contents": "Eternal Treblinka\n\n\nthe livestock supply was replenished they butchered the surplus at the start of each winter, and soon the settlers of Jamestown were continuing the slaughter and meat preservation process in bulk. The industrialization of slaughter continued with the colony of New Amsterdam, which became New York in 1664; by 1665 the number of butchered animals a year was almost 10,000 and the colony required slaughter permits. As the amount of slaughter increased, the slaughterhouses kept moving “in deference to the public, wanting to be spared the sights, sounds, and smells", "id": "9767267" }, { "contents": "Assembly line\n\n\nassembly line was introduced by William \"Pa\" Klann upon his return from visiting Swift & Company's slaughterhouse in Chicago and viewing what was referred to as the \"disassembly line\", where carcasses were butchered as they moved along a conveyor. The efficiency of one person removing the same piece over and over without himself moving caught his attention. He reported the idea to Peter E. Martin, soon to be head of Ford production, who was doubtful at the time but encouraged him to proceed. Others at Ford have claimed to", "id": "543358" }, { "contents": "The Kamman Building\n\n\nthe mid-1800s) established themselves. Henry Kamman ran a butcher shop at 573-575 Seneca Street and Jefferson Avenue while brother John F. Kamman purchased property in the 700 block of Seneca during the 1850s and early 1860s and built the J. F. Kamman Slaughterhouse including barns, processing buildings, and sheds. The family also lived on the property. The Kamman Building was constructed around 1886 by John F. Kamman at 755-757 Seneca Street. John H. Kamman (son of Henry) continued the trade and the John H. Kamman Company was", "id": "15913390" }, { "contents": "Cheapside\n\n\nJanuary 1559, Elizabeth I passed through a number of London streets in a pre-coronation procession and was entertained by a number of pageants, including one in Cheapside. Meat was brought in to Cheapside from Smithfield market, just outside Newgate. After the great Church of St. Michael-le-Querne, the top end of the street broadened into a dual carriageway known as the Shambles (referring to an open-air slaughterhouse and meat market), with butcher shops on both sides and a dividing central area also containing butchers", "id": "11281505" }, { "contents": "List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters\n\n\nLeatherface. He is a supercentenarian, a former butcher/slaughterman and, it is implied, a mass murderer. Director Tobe Hooper stated on the audio commentary for \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2\" that Grandpa is kept alive by drinking the blood of his family's victims. Snippets of Grandfather's history prior to the events of \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\" films occur throughout the series; it is revealed that Grandfather was originally a worker at a slaughterhouse whose skills at killing and butchering cattle were unmatched. After new technology", "id": "5981990" }, { "contents": "Matthew H. Carpenter\n\n\nCarpenter represented the Crescent City Livestock Landing and Slaughterhouse Company, which had been granted a monopoly on all slaughterhouse business in New Orleans by the carpetbag state legislature of Louisiana in 1869. Butchers and cattle dealers thrown out of work by the law obtained an injunction from a district court, claiming they had been denied equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment and deprived of property under the due process clause. Making a plea for states' rights, Carpenter contended that the amendment had been intended solely to elevate African Americans and had no bearing on", "id": "12222" }, { "contents": "Agriculture in Paraguay\n\n\nconditions. By contrast, extremely large cattle ranches typically were owned by expatriates and butchered more productive animals for both national and international markets. Seventy slaughterhouses for the domestic market and eight for the export market operated in the 1980s. Local slaughterhouses often could not pass sanitary inspections, but government inspection efforts were focused on improving quality control of exports to meet the stringent regulations of foreign beef markets. The country's beef exports expanded until 1974, when Paraguay lost access to European Economic Community (EEC) markets and lower world prices further", "id": "9805927" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nrepresented persons in a number of cases in New Orleans to obstruct Radical Reconstruction. Although the Fourteenth Amendment was passed mainly to protect the freedmen in the South, the language of Section 1 is not racially limited. Campbell used it to argue for a new, broad reading of the Fourteenth Amendment, in order to allow butchers of any race to \"sustain their lives through labor.\" In a 5–4 decision issued on April 14, 1873, by Justice Miller, the Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not forbid Louisiana's", "id": "6430736" }, { "contents": "Legal aspects of ritual slaughter\n\n\nThe legal aspects of ritual slaughter include the regulation of slaughterhouses, butchers, and religious personnel involved with traditional shechita (Jewish) and dhabiha (Islamic). Regulations also may extend to butchery products sold in accordance with kashrut and halal religious law. Governments regulate ritual slaughter, primarily through legislation and administrative law. In addition, compliance with oversight of ritual slaughter is monitored by governmental agencies and, on occasion, contested in litigation. The most controversial aspect of ritual slaughter is the legality of unstunned slaughter, where animal welfare concerns", "id": "11178436" }, { "contents": "North Canyon Creek\n\n\nNorth Canyon Creek is a southwestward-flowing stream originating on Snow Valley Peak in the Carson Range of the Sierra Nevada. Most of the stream is in Carson City, Nevada, United States. It is a tributary stream of Lake Tahoe culminating at Glenbrook in Douglas County on Tahoe's Nevada shore. North Canyon Creek's lower portion is designated as Slaughterhouse Creek on USGS maps, the latter name referring to a place where cattle were butchered. The aggressive logging activities of the Comstock Era (1860–1900) had major impacts on North", "id": "12139271" }, { "contents": "Leatherface\n\n\nreal name is Thomas Brown Hewitt; his mother Sloane dies giving birth to him in August 1939 at the Blair Meat Co., a slaughterhouse where she works, and her uncaring boss leaves the infant to die in a dumpster. Luda Mae Hewitt finds him and takes him home to raise him. The Hewitts worked at the Blair Meat Co., but after losing their jobs they switched to kidnapping people, murdering them (often by chainsaw or shotgun) and butchering their flesh, as family member Charlie claims that he got the idea", "id": "13999107" }, { "contents": "Gustavus Franklin Swift\n\n\nliquid once they reached their final destination, effectively boosting their weights. Swift married Annie Maria Higgins of North Eastham in 1861. Over the years Annie gave birth to a total of eleven children, nine of whom reached adulthood. In 1862, Swift and his new bride opened a small butcher shop and slaughterhouse. Seven years later Gustavus and Annie moved the family to Brighton (near Boston), where in 1872 Swift became partner in a new venture, \"Hathaway and Swift\". Swift and partner James A. Hathaway (a", "id": "15345813" }, { "contents": "Qeysar (film)\n\n\nby one. He follows Karim to a public bath, where he stabs him to death in a shower cubicle. He then seeks out Rahim, and finds him working in a slaughterhouse. Qeysar murders Rahim, leaving him butchered amid the cattle. The revenge spree is set aside when Qeysar is distracted by a former lover, Azam, only until he realizes he must abandon his love to finish off the path of revenge he has started. Mansour goes into hiding, desperately afraid for his life. By this time the police", "id": "20299034" }, { "contents": "John Hughes (neuroscientist)\n\n\nthat's what my PhD thesis was eventually written on.\" He would bicycle daily to a slaughterhouse, where he would trade bottles of whiskey to the butchers in exchange for pig heads, and he subsequently prepared brain extracts using acetone. After testing many samples in Kosterlitz's assays, the two scientists were able to isolate and identify two peptides, met- and leu-enkephalin, as naturally occurring molecules from the brain, that have activity resembling opioids. Hughes and Kosterlitz first announced their findings at a scientific conference in May 1974", "id": "8409083" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse (Hell on Wheels)\n\n\nThe butcher arrives to warn that either Cullen kills them or he will. In the jail car, Mickey admits to Sean that he liked people thinking he was Schmidt's killer, and wanted Sean to think that he could do something on his own. Sean predicts that, even if they somehow \"slip the noose\", the \"Kraut\" will butcher them. Cullen tells Durant he believes the McGinnes brothers are innocent. Durant agrees to spare Sean but insists Mickey dies, since he confessed. Lily suggests they investigate further", "id": "20220188" }, { "contents": "Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco\n\n\nand who gave rise to the name Hunters Point. The Bayview–Hunters Point district was labelled \"Southern San Francisco\" on , not to be confused with the city of South San Francisco further to the south. After a San Francisco ordinance in 1868 banned the slaughter and processing of animals within the city proper, a group of butchers established a \"butchers reservation\" on of tidal marshland in the Bayview district. Within ten years, 18 slaughterhouses were located in the area along with their associated production facilities for tanning, fertilizer", "id": "21796586" }, { "contents": "Franklin A. Alberger\n\n\nFranklin Augustus Alberger (January 14, 1825 in Baltimore, Maryland – August 24, 1877 in Buffalo, Erie County, New York) was an American businessman and politician from New York. He was the son of Job Alberger, a butcher who owned a shop and slaughterhouses. In 1837, the family removed to Buffalo. Franklin learned the butcher's trade from his father, and opened a pork packing business with his brothers. He married Katharine Rice, and they had four children. He entered politics as a Whig and", "id": "21962678" }, { "contents": "Canton, Cardiff\n\n\nthe Vale of Glamorgan. The market dealt with sheep and pigs as well as cattle and the market buildings also included a slaughterhouse, so the animals could be butchered on site ready for transporting to the many butchers shops all over Cardiff. The market's tram depot and stabling was also next to Severn Road Council School, trams ran on rails with overhead electric power from the depot and Victoria Park to the city centre and on to other locations in Cardiff from 1902 until they were replaced by Cardiff's electric trolleybuses in 1950.", "id": "306103" }, { "contents": "Jonah Hex\n\n\nto help solve the case of the Gotham Butcher. Police Chief John Cromwell did not take kindly to Arkham's theories, nor to the eventual recruitment of bounty hunter Jonah Hex, who had recently caused a stir by coming to town. Even so, recognizing Hex's street smarts, Arkham suggested that the two of them join forces in performing a separate investigation into the case. Together, they uncovered Gotham City's sect of the Religion of Crime, and its relation to the Butcher case. However, the solution of the", "id": "9016637" }, { "contents": "Mataura\n\n\n, each capable of holding 600 carcasses. The storerooms could accommodate 16,000 carcasses, which by 1897 had been increased to 24,000 carcasses. By 1905 40 to 50 people were being employed at the works. In 1931 a new slaughter board was installed in the complex. In 1947 to 1948 season the slaughterhouse changed over from solo butchering to the chain system of slaughtering livestock. Whereas previously one man took responsibility for butchering an animal from start to finish, with the chain system one man was limited to undertaking one task. Compared with", "id": "4908128" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse-Five\n\n\ncommentator and a friend to Billy Pilgrim in \"Slaughterhouse-Five\". In one case, he is the only non-optometrist at a party; therefore, he is the odd man out. He ridicules everything the Ideal American Family holds true, such as Heaven, Hell, and Sin. In Trout's opinion, people do not know if the things they do turn out to be good or bad, and if they turn out to be bad, they go to Hell, where \"the burning never stops hurting", "id": "14969559" }, { "contents": "Bilinda Butcher\n\n\non a portable gramophone. Butcher stated: \"My mother thought I was up in my butts. I never watched the news or read the papers; it was like I lived in another era. Everybody was into punk and I was living in the [19]20s and [19]30s.\" At age sixteen, Butcher moved back to London and began studying dance at the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, but dropped out after nine months due to developing a case of cystitis caused by a chronic urinary infection. She developed", "id": "17533491" }, { "contents": "Sue Coe\n\n\nand has been collected by various international museums. She lives in Upstate New York. Coe was born 21 February 1951 in Tamworth, Staffordshire, England. She grew up close to a slaughterhouse and developed a passion to stop cruelty to animals. According to Coe, her family lived directly behind a hog farm and were continually exposed to the stench from the slaughterhouse and screams from the animals. At age 16, Coe started studying at Chelsea College of Arts, where she graduated with a B.A. in 1970 at the age of 18", "id": "12169437" }, { "contents": "Cattle theft in India\n\n\nastounding, where cattle is transported every day in thousand of trucks from Ganges Valley region to slaughterhouses in West Bengal in order to produce beef for exports. Cows are often smuggled from states such as Rajasthan to slaughterhouses elsewhere, states Amrita Basu. Between January 2009 and February 2016, the Rajasthan police registered over 3,000 cases of cow smuggling, arrested nearly 6,000 people for the crime, and seized over 2,700 vehicles used for cattle smuggling over the seven-year period, states a report in \"The Hindustan Times\". Cattle smuggling", "id": "12190243" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse\n\n\nA slaughterhouse, also called abattoir (), is a facility where animals are slaughtered, most often (though not always) to provide food for humans. Slaughterhouses supply meat, which then becomes the responsibility of a packaging facility. Slaughterhouses that produce meat that is not intended to be eaten by humans are sometimes referred to as \"knacker's yards\" or \"knackeries\". This is where animals are slaughtered that are not fit for human consumption or that can no longer work on a farm, such as retired work horses", "id": "10465658" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nchallenged the constitutionality of the corporation, claiming that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment. That amendment had been ratified in the aftermath of the American Civil War with the primary intention of protecting civil rights of millions of newly emancipated freedmen in the Southern United States, but the butchers argued that the amendment protected their right to \"sustain their lives through labor.\" In the majority opinion written by Associate Justice Samuel Freeman Miller, the Court held to a narrower interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment than the plaintiffs urged, ruling that it did not", "id": "6430726" }, { "contents": "Elkinton-Butcher House\n\n\nproperty was formally sold to Dr. Joseph Butcher in 1846. Dr. Butcher was farming the land while he set up a medical practice inside the dwelling. Dr. Joseph Butcher’s son Dr. Samuel Butcher also practiced and lived in the home. A probate inventory taken at the time of Dr. Samuel Butcher’s death in 1901 indicates that medical supplies were kept in both the “Front Room Downstairs” and “Office Room.” These two rooms, located across from the stairway, are where the physicians would have received and examined patients.", "id": "20097615" }, { "contents": "United States v. Wong Kim Ark\n\n\n\" However, since the \"Slaughterhouse Cases\" did not deal with claims of birthright citizenship, this comment was dismissed in \"Wong Kim Ark\" and later cases as a passing remark (\"obiter dictum\") lacking any force as a controlling precedent. As to whether the \"Wong Kim Ark\" decision was correct on this point or not, modern scholars are divided. Wong Kim Ark (; Taishanese: Wōng Gim-ak) was born in San Francisco. Various sources state or imply his year of birth as being", "id": "3690645" }, { "contents": "Peter Max\n\n\nrescue efforts for Cincinnati Freedom, a cow that escaped from an Ohio slaughterhouse. The cow jumped over a six-foot fence while the slaughterhouse workers were on break and eluded capture for eleven days. Max donated $180,000 worth of his art to benefit the local Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, part of a chain of events that finally led to the cow being sent to Farm Sanctuary in Watkins Glen, New York, a permanent home where the cow remained for the rest of her life. Max lives in", "id": "13016685" }, { "contents": "Solomon Butcher\n\n\nsod house, and Butcher quickly came to rue his decision to go west: \"I soon came to the conclusion that any man that would leave the luxuries of a boarding house, where they had hash every day, and a salary of $125 a month to lay Nebraska sod for 75 cents a day... was a fool.\" Upon the completion of the house, Butcher and his father returned to Illinois to bring his mother and his youngest brother to Nebraska. However, Butcher did not return with them: he", "id": "18873493" }, { "contents": "Robin Hood and the Butcher\n\n\nmeat at ridiculously low prices. The other butchers suspect that he is a prodigal who is wasting his inheritance: \"For he sold more meat for one penny / than others could do for five / Which made the Butchers of Nottingham / [...] / to study as they did stand / Saying surely he was some Prodigal / that had sold his Fathers land\" (2.19-25). They invite him to the sheriff's, where their guild is feasting, and Robin and the butchers make merry over food and", "id": "20649316" }, { "contents": "Shankill Butchers\n\n\nand Bates, while Edwards was party to the killing of Quinn. Another man and two women, whom Dillon did not name, were accessories to Murphy in the murder of Rice. By this time the expression \"the Butchers\" had appeared in media coverage of these killings, and many Catholics lived in fear of the gang. Detective Chief Inspector Jimmy Nesbitt, head of the CID Murder Squad in Tennent Street RUC base and the man charged with tracking down the Butchers, was in no doubt that the murders of Crossen,", "id": "6104126" }, { "contents": "Slaughter-House Cases\n\n\nof the United States and of the State where they reside.\" The Court elaborated: So, according to the Court, the butchers' Fourteenth Amendment rights had not been violated. As author Jack Beatty has put it, the Court thought the Privileges or Immunities Clause only protected \"access to ports and navigable waterways, the ability to run for federal office, and to be protected while on the high seas... they did not include what we call 'civil rights.'\" The Court also mentioned some rights enumerated in", "id": "6430738" }, { "contents": "Butcher\n\n\ntermed \"meat delis\", may also include a delicatessen. In the United States and Canada, butcher shops have become less common because of the increasing popularity of supermarkets and warehouse clubs. Many remaining ones are aimed at Hispanic and other immigrants or, more recently, those looking for organic offerings. Supermarkets employ butchers for secondary butchery, but in the United States even that role is diminished with the advent of \"case-ready\" meat, where the product is packaged for retail sale at the packinghouse or specialized central processing", "id": "18012308" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse\n\n\ninstitution in the nineteenth century. A combination of health and social concerns, exacerbated by the rapid urbanisation experienced during the Industrial Revolution, led social reformers to call for the isolation, sequester and regulation of animal slaughter. As well as the concerns raised regarding hygiene and disease, there were also criticisms of the practice on the grounds that the effect that killing had, both on the butchers and the observers, \"educate[d] the men in the practice of violence and cruelty, so that they seem to have no restraint on the", "id": "10465661" }, { "contents": "Bayardo Bar attack\n\n\ninside the car along with spent bullet cases and fingerprints belonging to the three IRA men. The IRA did not initially claim responsibility, However, IRA members later stated that the Bayardo was attacked because it was a pub where UVF members met and planned terrorist assaults against nationalists. The pub was in the UVF-dominated middle Shankill Road area, and the Ulster Banner was displayed from its upper windows. Martin Dillon said that the Bayardo was frequented by the UVF and that Lenny Murphy, head of the Shankill Butchers gang, was", "id": "4721612" }, { "contents": "Avenue Range Station massacre\n\n\nthe Supreme Court of South Australia for several months, but were eventually abandoned. Some key witnesses, including Eastwood, either fled the colony or refused to cooperate with the investigation. There were also significant restrictions on the use of evidence given by Aboriginal witnesses, especially where a verdict could involve capital punishment. These legal hurdles and settler solidarity ensured the case did not go to trial, although the magistrate who committed him for trial told a friend that there was \"little question of the butchery or the butcher\". Although the", "id": "5763681" }, { "contents": "Mashgiach\n\n\nA mashgiach (, \"supervisor\"; , \"mashgichim\") is a Jew who supervises the kashrut status of a kosher establishment. A mashgiach may supervise any type of food service establishment, including slaughterhouses, food manufacturers, hotels, caterers, nursing homes, restaurants, butchers, groceries, or cooperatives. The mashgiach usually works as the on-site supervisor and inspector, representing a kosher certification agency or a local rabbi, who actually makes the policy decisions for what is or is not acceptably kosher. Sometimes the certifying", "id": "19751838" }, { "contents": "Niedernhausen\n\n\na room in the \"Autalhalle\", before the community acquired a shabby building across from the Town Hall in 1992. The youths made out of their Wiesbadener Straße 2 – W2 for short – a thriving place with many of their own initiatives. In the end, when the building was at last going to be torn down, they got ready to move. The former butcher's shop with adjoining slaughterhouse they converted as a volunteer project into a concert and event venue. Taking place at I4 (for \"Idsteiner Straße 4", "id": "20600560" }, { "contents": "Quadring\n\n\n. The local school is the Quadring Cowley and Brown's primary school. Previously Quadring had three public houses, a butcher, fishmonger, blacksmith, a slaughterhouse, and several pig farms. One of the public houses, The Black Bull was to the left of the Post Office; another, almost opposite the Post Office, was The Red Cow, which closed in 2002 and is now an Indian restaurant. Remaining is a village store (that serves as a post office), and The White Hart public house on Town", "id": "2238182" }, { "contents": "Paris in the Middle Ages\n\n\n. A reaction against the excesses of the Cabochians and the Burgundians followed. Soldiers recruited by the merchants of Paris took control of the streets, Armagnac soldiers entered the city and the leaders of the Cabochians fled Paris along with John the Fearless, the leader of the Burgundians. The Armagnacs imposed strict surveillance of the Parisians; the guild of butchers, supporters of the Burgundians, was stripped of its status, and its headquarters, the chief slaughterhouse, was demolished. The city was soon threatened from a new direction. In October", "id": "9225944" }, { "contents": "Monks Risborough\n\n\ntoll booth was in Monks Risborough near the boundary with Princes Risborough. \"Commercial buildings There have been no shops in the old village since the early 20th century, when there was a Butcher and slaughterhouse (now a dental practice) on the Aylesbury Road, a Blacksmith's forge on the corner with Burton Lane (the house next to it is still called Forge Cottage), and a pub, the Nag's Head (now a house) on the opposite corner. On Burton Lane there was a Saddler and Harness maker", "id": "9301957" }, { "contents": "Stonekeep\n\n\nas \"an exciting quest that doesn't concede much to rival RPG releases.\" Paul Presley of \"PC Zone\" called \"Stonekeep\" \"a case of gloss but no substance\", which failed to offer \"something over and above that which \"Eye of the Beholder\" was delivering all that time ago.\" Andy Butcher reviewed \"Living Legends\" for \"Arcane\" magazine, rating it a 7 out of 10 overall. Butcher comments that \"Although the 'plot' as such is somewhat weak, and", "id": "14999275" }, { "contents": "Virchand Gandhi\n\n\nof Bombay, and Colonel John Watson of the Kathiawar Agency. With the help of these two individuals, he ultimately negotiated an annual fixed payment of Rs. 15000, rather than an individual tax on each pilgrim. Gandhi also fought to close a pig slaughterhouse that had been started in 1891 close to Mount Shikharji, a holy place of Jain pilgrimage. Gandhi spent six months in Calcutta learning Bengali and preparing his case against the slaughterhouse. He was eventually successful in getting the slaughterhouse closed. Gandhi represented Jainism at the first World", "id": "15261665" }, { "contents": "Slaughterhouse\n\n\nacres, in the very heart of London, through its narrowest and most crowded thoroughfares\". By the early 19th century, pamphlets were being circulated arguing in favour of the removal of the livestock market and its relocation outside of the city due to the extremely poor hygienic conditions as well as the brutal treatment of the cattle. In 1843, the \"Farmer's Magazine\" published a petition signed by bankers, salesmen, aldermen, butchers and local residents against the expansion of the livestock market. An Act of Parliament was finally", "id": "10465664" }, { "contents": "Quinto quarto\n\n\nIn the cuisine of modern Rome quinto quarto (literally the \"fifth quarter\") is the offal of butchered animals. The name makes sense on more than one level: because offal amounts to about a fourth of the weight of the carcass; because the importance of offal in Roman cooking is at least as great as any of the outer quarters, fore and hind; and because in the past slaughterhouse workers were partly paid in kind with a share of the offal. Until modern time the division of the cattle in Rome", "id": "11559104" }, { "contents": "Blood of the Beasts\n\n\nBlood of the Beasts (\"Le Sang des bêtes\") is a 1949 short French documentary film written and directed by Georges Franju. It is Franju's first film and is narrated by Georges Hubert and Nicole Ladmiral. The film is a special feature on The Criterion Collection DVD for Franju's \"Eyes Without a Face\" (1960). Franju's film contrasts peaceful scenes of Parisian suburbia with scenes from a slaughterhouse. The film documents the slaughtering and butchering of horses, cattle, and sheep. The film is narrated", "id": "13405555" }, { "contents": "Mangaldan, Pangasinan\n\n\nbuttressed the coffer of this town.The municipal government operates its slaughterhouse with a rated \"double A\" by the National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) that guarantees the butchered meat as safe and clean. In 2015, the annual budget of Mangaldan involving a total appropriation of Php 208, 527, 497.39 which would be the biggest for a first class town in Pangasinan. Mangaldan is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Mangaldan owns the distinction as the third town in Pangasinan to be founded by the Dominican missionaries. As early as", "id": "8432293" } ]

[ { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\n, a second compilation of their live impromptu cover-song performances on the New Jersey freeform radio station, WFMU. In 2017, the band played two dates in New York City with Robyn Hitchcock. The performances included the Hitchcock album \"Black Snake Diamond Role\" in its entirety, as well as collections of classic Hitchcock songs and covers of other artists. In 2018, Yo La Tengo released their 15th studio album, \"There's a Riot Going On\", which Pitchfork decided 'reflects the group’s greatest and most", "id": "9504927" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nZealand rock and roll musician Chris Knox who suffered a stroke in June 2009. Yo La Tengo covered Knox's song \"Coloured\". All proceeds from the album go towards Knox's recovery. Also in 2009, Yo La Tengo contributed a cover of the song \"Gentle Hour\" to the AIDS benefit album, Dark Was the Night, produced by the Red Hot Organization. Preceding their album Popular Songs, Yo La Tengo released an EP entitled Here to Fall Remixes in the summer of 2010. Remixes of their single Here", "id": "9504923" }, { "contents": "Saturday (Yo La Tengo song)\n\n\n\"Saturday\" is a song by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released as the second single from their 2000 album \"And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside-Out\". It reached number 92 in the UK Singles Chart. PopMatters included the song in their list \"Popular Songs: 15 (Or So) Essential Yo La Tengo Tracks\", writing, \"The centerpiece of 2000's mood-heavy \"And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside-Out\", 'Saturday' is Yo La Tengo's most striking", "id": "14563839" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nLou Giordano engineering. The album was released on Alias Records in 1992. Three of the album's eleven songs (\"Swing for Life\", \"Out the Window\" and \"Five-Cornered Drone\") were carried over from the \"That Is Yo La Tengo\" EP and feature Holder on bass. The \"Upside-Down\" EP was released on CD in support of the album, rounding out the band's releases on Alias. In 1993, Yo La Tengo began their partnership with Matador Records, releasing", "id": "9504911" }, { "contents": "President Yo La Tengo\n\n\nPresident Yo La Tengo is the third album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released in 1989 by record label Coyote. \"President Yo La Tengo\" was recorded at Waterhouse studio, except for tracks 4 and 6, recorded at CBGB. The lineup includes Georgia Hubley on drums, Ira Kaplan on guitar and vocals, and Gene Holder on bass guitar (except tracks 4 and 6, recorded live with Stephan Wichnewski on bass). The album contains two new versions of instrumental vehicle \"The Evil That Men Do", "id": "9903253" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nGene Holder produced the single and played the bass. The \"That Is Yo La Tengo\" EP released later that year included some tracks that would end up on the group's next LP. After the release of \"That Is Yo La Tengo\", James McNew (who also records under the solo moniker Dump) began playing bass with the band, forming the trio that continues to make up the band today. According to McNew, The band recorded \"May I Sing with Me\" in Boston with Holder producing and", "id": "9504910" }, { "contents": "Painful (album)\n\n\nPainful is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released in 1993 by record label Matador, their first for the label. The album marked a creative shift from Yo La Tengo's previous work, blending atmospheric and ambient sounds with their famous noise jams. \"Painful\" features a much more melody-driven Yo La Tengo in its hazy, dream-like songwriting. Two versions of the track \"Big Day Coming\" are present on the album and display the range of musical stylings Yo La", "id": "15688457" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\n-jams, and electronic music into a sprawling, multi-faceted style. Critical reaction was extremely positive; Pitchfork awarded the album a 9.7 out of 10, and AllMusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that it was \"arguably Yo La Tengo's finest and most coherent album to date.\" Kaplan recalled a turning point in the band's musical progression: With their critical reputation higher than ever before, the band toured extensively and their fan base continued to grow. In 1998, they collaborated with Jad Fair and released the", "id": "9504915" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nto Fall were done by De La Soul, RJD2, and Pete Rock. This was Yo La Tengo's third out-of-the-box remix EP in 14 years, following the Autumn Sweater and Danelectro Remix EPs. In 2012 Yo La Tengo recorded a cover of Todd Rundgren's \"I Saw the Light\" for a fund raising cd titled \"Super Hits Of The Seventies\" for radio station WFMU. In August 2012, they announced the release of an EP in September 2012 to be followed by a full", "id": "9504924" }, { "contents": "Genius + Love = Yo La Tengo\n\n\nGenius + Love = Yo La Tengo is a 2-disc album by Yo La Tengo, consisting of rarities, alternate versions, and out-takes, spanning 1988 to 1995. The album was released on Matador in 1996; a Japanese version with two extra tracks appeared in 1998. The title is a pun on the 1960 Ray Charles album, \"Genius+Soul=Jazz\". (\"The Genius\" was Charles' nickname.) The first disc contains songs with vocals. There are several cover songs, such as John Cale", "id": "10311395" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nfavorite which the band will then perform on the spot. In late 2007, the band began performing acoustically for \"The Freewheelin' Yo La Tengo\" tour. Audiences were encouraged to request songs and ask questions which, Kaplan stated, the band tried to answer \"in a strategic manner so that the answers to the questions will lead to the next song.\" In March 2008, Yo La Tengo performed under the alias \"Condo Fucks\" at Brooklyn's Magnetic Field. As Condo Fucks, the band released an album", "id": "9504921" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nBrooklyn garage rock band the A-Bones throughout his tenure in YLT. In 1986, Yo La Tengo released their first LP, \"Ride the Tiger\" on Coyote Records. Produced by former Mission of Burma bassist Clint Conley who also took over bass duties on three songs, the album \"marked Yo La Tengo as a band with real potential\" according to reviewer Mark Deming. Kaplan was credited as \"naive guitar\" on the sleeve, and in the liner notes for the 1993 reissue of the album on City Slang", "id": "9504905" }, { "contents": "Yoyo A Go Go\n\n\n-old Simon Timony, and joined by Ira Kaplan (of Yo La Tengo) and Jad Fair. A solemn moment for the festival came when Timony offered a memorial song he wrote for Cobain: \"'You rode off into the sun / but I love you anyway,' he sang in a preteen falsetto, while Novoselic towered behind him, playing stone-faced.\" A double album containing almost two hours of live performances, \"Yo-Yo A Go-Go\", was released by Yoyo on August", "id": "6060691" }, { "contents": "Fade (Yo La Tengo album)\n\n\nFade is the thirteenth full-length album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo. It was produced by John McEntire, instead of Roger Moutenot, who had produced all their albums since 1993's \"Painful\". It was recorded at Soma in Chicago, in the summer of 2012. It was released on January 15, 2013. \"Stupid Things\" was released on 12\" and CD on September 25, 2012, prior to the album release. It contains a different version of the title song. \"Ohm", "id": "20043994" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nan Indiana-based Night Ranger cover band \"Bobby Night Ranger\" in the final episode of season 6 of the television series Parks and Recreation. On August 28, 2015, Yo La Tengo released \"Stuff Like That There\", an album (and \"a sequel of sorts to Fakebook\") of re-recorded versions of some of their old songs as well as covers, including songs by The Cure, Hank Williams, and Sun Ra. In 2016, the band released \"Murder in the Second Degree\"", "id": "9504926" }, { "contents": "President Yo La Tengo\n\n\n\" (previously featured on the 1986 album Ride the Tiger), including an extensive live performance. \"Orange Song\" is a cover of the Antietam song. The CD version (released by Coyote/Twin Tone Records) included the band's previous album \"New Wave Hot Dogs\" and the A-side of the 1987 single \"The Asparagus Song\". It was re-released by Matador Records, in 1996. \"Stereogum\" wrote: \"Featuring a number of great early Yo La Tengo compositions, \"", "id": "9903254" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nRecords, went so far as to say \"Dave's guitar playing is inarguably the best thing about the record.\" Schramm and Lewis left the band after the album's release, with Kaplan subsequently taking on the role of lead guitar and Stephan Wichnewski joining to play bass. The group's next album \"New Wave Hot Dogs\" (1987) sold poorly, but in the words of Mark Deming, \"was a quantum leap over the sound of their debut.\" The release of \"President Yo La Tengo\"", "id": "9504906" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nthat the album was \"just me and Georgia looking for an excuse to record with Dave Schramm and Al Greller\" who played guitar and double bass on the album, respectively. In 1991, with Dave Schramm in tow, Yo La Tengo collaborated with Daniel Johnston on the song \"Speeding Motorcycle\" which was released as a single. The band also released a 7\" single on Bar/None Records with the song \"Walking Away from You\" backed with a cover of Beat Happening's \"Cast a Shadow.\"", "id": "9504909" }, { "contents": "You Can Have It All (George McCrae song)\n\n\n\"You Can Have It All\" is a song by American singer George McCrae. It was written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and released as a single in 1974, reaching number 23 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was notably covered by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo and released as a single from their 2000 album \"And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside-Out\". The song was covered by Yo La Tengo for their 2000 album \"And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside-Out\", and", "id": "14563832" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nalbum \"Strange but True\" to mixed reviews. Yo La Tengo had a cameo role as a Salvation Army band in the 1998 Hal Hartley film \"The Book of Life\", and feature on its 1999 soundtrack release. The band entered the studio again in late 1999 to record their ninth LP. \"And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside-Out\" was released in February 2000 to a warm reception. The album features some intimate songs with hushed, varied instrumentation and includes the 19 minute epic \"Night Falls On Hoboken", "id": "9504916" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\n\". In 2001, Yo La Tengo recorded an instrumental score for eight short undersea documentaries by Jean Painlevé, entitled \"The Sounds of the Sounds of Science\". The program debuted at the San Francisco Film Festival and has been performed live approximately twelve times. The band also released an EP with covers of Sun Ra's \"Nuclear War\" in late 2002. The band's tenth LP, \"Summer Sun\", was released in 2003. Although the album received generally favorable reviews, some critics found the album's", "id": "9504917" }, { "contents": "New Wave Hot Dogs\n\n\nNew Wave Hot Dogs is the second studio album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released in 1987 by record label Coyote. \"New Wave Hot Dogs\" was re-released, along with \"President Yo La Tengo\" and the \"Asparagus Song\" single, by Coyote on one CD in 1989 and reissued by City Slang and Matador. The album was described by Dave Henderson in a 1988 review in \"Underground\" magazine as \"a fine album, a loveable set of tunes – all put together with", "id": "9634004" }, { "contents": "Ira Kaplan\n\n\nIra Kaplan (born January 7, 1957) is the co-founder, vocalist, guitarist and songwriter of the American indie rock band Yo La Tengo. He is married to Georgia Hubley, Yo La Tengo's vocalist, drummer, songwriter and co-founder. A graduate of Sarah Lawrence College, Kaplan formed Yo La Tengo in the early 1980s. Previously, he worked as a music critic for such publications as the \"SoHo Weekly News\", \"New York Rocker\" and \"Village Voice\", as well", "id": "15865142" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\ncritics' band\" and maintains a strong cult following. Though they mostly play original material, Yo La Tengo is renowned for its wide repertoire of cover songs both in live performance and on record. Ira Kaplan and Georgia Hubley formed the band as a couple in 1984. They chose the name \"Yo La Tengo\" (Spanish for \"I have it\"; or referring to a female-gender object or person, also \"I've Got Her\") in an effort to avoid any connotations in English. The", "id": "9504901" }, { "contents": "The Beach Boys Love You\n\n\nin the compilation were \"Honkin' Down the Highway\" (Radio Sweethearts), \"Good Time\" (Stevie Jackson of Belle and Sebastian), and \"Let's Put Our Hearts Together\" (duet between Chip Taylor and Evie Sands). In 1997, Darian Sahanaja released a cover of \"I Wanna Pick You Up\" as a single. Yo La Tengo's version of \"Ding Dang\" (in medley with \"Interplanetary Music\" by Sun Ra) is included on their album \"Yo La Tengo Is", "id": "8029118" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nof cover songs, \"Fuckbook\", on Matador in March 2009. \"Popular Songs\", the band's 12th album, was released on September 8, 2009. The album was recorded in the band's rehearsal space in New Jersey and features two songs with elaborate string sections (composed by jazz composer Richard Evans). It entered the Billboard chart at No. 58, the highest entry of the band's career thus far. In 2009, Yo La Tengo contributed to \"\", a tribute album for New", "id": "9504922" }, { "contents": "Popular Songs (Yo La Tengo album)\n\n\nPopular Songs is the twelfth full-length album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released digitally, on CD, and double LP on September 8, 2009 by record label Matador. The band contacted conceptual artist Dario Robleto. He contributed three pieces for the album design: Four videos were made by director John McSwain to accompany one song from the album each. In the weeks leading up to the release of the album, a new video was posted on Matador's various \"partner sites\" and collected on Matador", "id": "3975647" }, { "contents": "Fade (Yo La Tengo album)\n\n\nand a bonus comic on the back. Donick Cary (Simpsons, Letterman, Parks and Recreation) of Sugarshack Animation (Sugarshackanimation.com) directed the videos for \"Ohm\" and its sequel \"Is That Enough\" featuring Fred Willard Emily Hubley directed the \"Before We Run\" animated video. Phil Morrison, long time Yo La Tengo collaborator and film director, did the video for \"I'll Be Around\", starring Mac McCaughan of Superchunk and the members of Yo La Tengo. This marks the first proper video clip from", "id": "20043998" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nYo La Tengo (often abbreviated as YLT) is an American indie rock band formed in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1984. Since 1992, the lineup has consisted of Ira Kaplan (guitars, piano, vocals), Georgia Hubley (drums, piano, vocals), and James McNew (bass, vocals). In 2015, original guitarist Dave Schramm rejoined the band and appears on their fourteenth album, \"Stuff Like That There\". Despite achieving limited mainstream success, Yo La Tengo has been called \"the quintessential", "id": "9504900" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nNew Rolling Stone Album Guide\" remarked that McNew \"became an essential part of the sound on \"Painful\", the 1993 album that kept every promise Yo La Tengo ever made and blew their previous highlights away.\" Critical reaction was quite positive, with reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine calling it \"a subtly addicting album.\" Robert Christgau also praised the group once again, writing in his review that Yo La Tengo is \"always friendly. This is not the forbidding experimentation of an aspiring vanguard. This is the fooling around", "id": "9504913" }, { "contents": "Antietam (band)\n\n\nsingle in 1996. Tara Key released two solo albums in 1994 and 1995, featuring Harris and various members of Antietam. After Antietam, Key recorded with Eleventh Dream Day's Rick Rizzo on the album \"Dark Edson Tiger\" (2000), and they collaborated again on the 2011 album \"Double Star\". Harris went on to record with Yo La Tengo and The Special Pillow. Madell went on to drum for Codeine and Retsin. In 1996, Key performed with Yo la Tengo as The Factory's house band in", "id": "19666696" }, { "contents": "I Can Hear the Heart Beating as One\n\n\nYo La Tengo can master nearly any pop style [...] the music's ominousness is undercut by Yo La Tengo's infectious joy at simply making noise. It's just this joy that makes Yo La Tengo stand out amid their indie-rock peers\". Similarly, in his review for \"Spin\", Robert Christgau said that the album gave the band \"the grace to professionalize toward the pop melodicism they've always loved.\" He also felt that the first nine songs were perfect and considered \"Autumn Sweater\"", "id": "13876422" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nname came from a baseball anecdote. During the 1962 season, New York Mets center fielder Richie Ashburn and Venezuelan shortstop Elio Chacón found themselves colliding in the outfield. When Ashburn went for a catch, he would scream, \"I got it! I got it!\" only to run into Chacón, who spoke only Spanish. Ashburn learned to yell, \"¡Yo la tengo! ¡Yo la tengo!\" instead. In a later game, Ashburn happily saw Chacón backing off. He relaxed, positioned himself to", "id": "9504902" }, { "contents": "Summer Sun\n\n\nSummer Sun is the tenth studio album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released on April 8, 2003 by record label Matador. \"Summer Sun\" was recorded in Nashville, United States. The album was mixed at Shelter Island in New York. Georgia Hubley's mother, Faith Hubley, died right before the band started working on the album. The Hubley family piano went into Yo La Tengo's practice space in Jersey City, and became the center piece for the sound of the album. On the album", "id": "14596621" }, { "contents": "Stuff Like That There (album)\n\n\nStuff Like That There is the fourteenth full-length album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released in August 2015 by record label Matador. On this album, the band revisits the original concept of their 1990 album \"Fakebook\" with a mix of cover songs, \"covers\" of Yo La Tengo songs and brand new originals. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, \"Stuff Like That There\" received an average score of 74, based on 28 reviews", "id": "16878159" }, { "contents": "Can't Seem to Make You Mine\n\n\n\". Yo La Tengo included their rendition of the song on their 1995 \"Camp Yo La Tengo\" EP. Garbage released a cover version as a B-side to the 1999 singles \"When I Grow Up\" and \"The Trick Is to Keep Breathing\". Murder City Devils covered the song for a 1999 split 45 with Gluecifer. Diplo sampled the track on his remix of Spank Rock's 2005 single \"Put That Pussy on Me\". Spirits in the Sky, a supergroup led by Billy Corgan, performed", "id": "20964854" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nquiet atmosphere \"underwhelming.\" Others criticized the band for a perceived lack of invention. When asked about the album's quiet nature, Kaplan stated, Yo La Tengo collaborated with Yoko Ono on the 2003 charity album \"Wig in a Box: Songs from and Inspired by Hedwig and the Angry Inch\" in support of the Harvey Milk High School. The band put together their first \"best of\" compilation entitled \"\" which was released in 2005. They composed scores for four more films, 2005's \"Junebug\"", "id": "9504918" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\ncomfort with using that kind of instrumentation, and it became something we could draw on for our other songs.\" In addition, the album was book-ended with two guitar jams lasting over ten minutes each. In 2006, the band released \"Yo La Tengo Is Murdering the Classics\", a compilation of their live impromptu cover-song performances on the New Jersey freeform radio station, WFMU. As part of the station's annual fundraising marathon, listeners who call in to pledge money to the station may request a", "id": "9504920" }, { "contents": "Fakebook (album)\n\n\nFakebook is the fourth studio album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released in 1990 by record label Bar None. Comprising eleven cover songs as well as five originals, this album is regarded as a departure from their previous albums due to it containing mostly folk songs. \"Barnaby, Hardly Working\" is a new version of the song featured in the previous album \"President Yo La Tengo\". \"Did I Tell You\" is a new version of the song featured in the 1987 album \"New Wave Hot", "id": "9903363" }, { "contents": "Popular Songs (Yo La Tengo album)\n\n\nNow treatment, in which it came along with a vinyl LP featuring Yo La Tengo's original score from the film \"Adventureland\", as well as three bonus tracks as download in MP3 and FLAC. The first two of these downloads were demo versions of two album tracks and became available shortly before the release of the CD. The third download became available on December 15, 2009. The same track is also available in the iTunes Store and on the Japanese CD issue of the album. As of 2012 it has sold", "id": "3975649" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\nof folks who like to go out on Saturday night and make some noise—and then go home humming it.\" The band released \"Electr-O-Pura\" in 1995 to similar acclaim. For the first time, all songs were credited to the band as a whole rather than individual members; this became the norm for all future releases. The band's 1997 LP \"I Can Hear the Heart Beating as One\" synthesized the group's eclectic combination of folk, punk rock, shoegazing, long instrumental noise", "id": "9504914" }, { "contents": "Banda Machos\n\n\nLa Culebra\" (The Snake), a cover of a Cuban song. This song was played during the campaign stop in which the PRI candidate to the Mexican Presidency in 1994, Luis Donaldo Colosio, was murdered. It is said that \"La Culebra\" was supposed to act as the signal to go ahead with the murder. The key stanza was where the song says \"Ay, si me muerde los pies!, Yo la quiero acurruñar si me muerde los pies, \"Yo la tengo que matar\"\"", "id": "18905193" }, { "contents": "Lounge Ax\n\n\nin the state of Illinois at Lounge Ax on March 30, 1990. In 1996, Touch & Go Records released a compilation album to benefit the club, titled \"The Lounge Ax Defense & Relocation Compact Disc\", featuring artists such as Guided by Voices, The Jesus Lizard, Sebadoh, Tortoise, The Coctails and Yo La Tengo. Lounge Ax was featured prominently in the Chicago-based movie \"High Fidelity\", released in 2000. The club served as the site where John Cusack's character, Rob Gordon,", "id": "5332904" }, { "contents": "New Moon (The Men album)\n\n\nspecific artists, writers have cited Neil Young, MC5, Hüsker Dü, Yo La Tengo, Dusty Springfield, The Replacements and Dinosaur Jr. as influences. In an interview with The Village Voice, the Men claimed that Tom Petty was a major influence on the album. On January 9, 2013, \"New Moon\"'s title and release date was announced. The album's lead single, \"Electric,\" premiered online the same day. On January 28, 2013, a music video for the song \"Electric\"", "id": "4729976" }, { "contents": "Stuff Like That There (album)\n\n\n, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Reviewer Mark Deming of AllMusic commented that \"If \"Stuff Like That There\" isn't as revelatory as \"Fakebook\", it's a splendid, beguiling album that's perfectly suited for late nights and rainy afternoons, and a welcome reminder of one of the many, many things Yo La Tengo do so well.\" In his review for \"The Guardian\", Ben Thompson asked whether another Yo La Tengo covers record was really needed and concluded that \"[t]he answer to", "id": "16878160" }, { "contents": "Elio Chacón\n\n\nwith Willie Mays. Chacón was ejected from the game. During the 1962 season, New York Mets center fielder Richie Ashburn and Chacón frequently found themselves colliding in the outfield. When Ashburn went for a catch, he would scream, \"I got it! I got it!\" only to run into the 160-pound Chacón, who spoke only Spanish. Ashburn learned to yell, \"¡Yo la tengo! ¡Yo la tengo!\" which is \"I've got it\" in Spanish. In a later game,", "id": "20671198" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\ncatch the ball, and was instead run over by left fielder Frank Thomas, who understood no Spanish and had missed a team meeting that proposed using the words \"¡Yo la tengo!\" as a way to avoid outfield collisions. After getting up, Thomas asked Ashburn, \"What the hell is a Yellow Tango?\". Kaplan and Hubley placed an advertisement to recruit other musicians who shared their love for bands such as the Soft Boys, Mission of Burma, and Arthur Lee's Love. The group's debut", "id": "9504903" }, { "contents": "Pearl Krabs\n\n\n's rights to the \"SpongeBob\" property, thus halting its construction. In 2011, the indie rock group Yo La Tengo performed a live version of Mr. Krabs and Pearl's commercial from the episode \"As Seen on TV\" at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Included as part of Yo La Tengo's first tour, it starred Ira Kaplan as Mr. Krabs and Laura Krafft as Pearl. Billy Gil of \"L.A. Record\" praised the performance in his review. An episode of the sketch comedy series", "id": "15046106" }, { "contents": "Fade (Yo La Tengo album)\n\n\nwith sales of 14,000 copies. It marked the band's all-time chart peak as well as the first time a Yo La Tengo record has entered the top 40. There are three different editions of the vinyl LP available: the Standard Edition, another which comes with the \"Fade\" CD included, and a \"Deluxe Limited Edition\" that contains a bonus 7\" with two extra songs and an exclusive download track. The \"Deluxe Limited Edition\" 2-CD set contains a special CD called \"Fade Out\" with", "id": "20043996" }, { "contents": "Peter Gutteridge\n\n\nin 1989. Peter Gutteridge died on 15 September 2014, in Auckland, New Zealand. \"SPIN Magazine noted\", \"the lilting looseness of bands like Yo La Tengo, Ducktails, Beach Fossils, and Twerps owes a fair debt to the sound that Gutteridge helped craft.\" Yo La Tengo covered \"Gentle Hour\" and Wooden Shjips often covered \"Buddy\" in concert. Gutteridge did not particularly like being associated with the Dunedin sound. He stated, \"People didn't think about the sound of things, people", "id": "3531927" }, { "contents": "Meet the Mets\n\n\nBig Shots\"). Rock band Yo La Tengo recorded a version of \"Meet the Mets\" live on New Jersey radio station WFMU that was included on the 2006 compilation album \"Yo La Tengo Is Murdering the Classics\". The instrumental of the original version opened and closed broadcasts of Met games on WFAN radio and is used for lineup rundowns during home games on SportsNet New York, while part of the 1984 update opened and closed WFAN's \"Mets Extra\" pre- and post-game shows. For the 2009 season", "id": "89208" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\npragmatist, started carrying a bug trapped in amber in his pocket for luck. Yo La Tengo reunited with Dave Schramm in 1990 to record \"Fakebook\", an album of mostly acoustic tunes, including covers of Cat Stevens, Gene Clark, The Kinks, Daniel Johnston, among others, with five original songs by the band themselves, including an acoustic version of \"Barnaby Hardly Working\". Again produced by Gene Holder, the album's folk sound was a change of pace for the band. Years later, Kaplan recalled", "id": "9504908" }, { "contents": "Yo La Tengo\n\n\na 7\" and CD5 of the song \"Shaker\" which the band recorded with John Siket in New Jersey. The following LP, 1993's \"Painful\", was also the beginning of the band's fruitful creative partnership with producer Roger Moutenot, who has produced all of their subsequent albums up until 2013's \"Fade\", which was produced by John McEntire. \"Painful\" is the first Yo La Tengo album to feature James McNew on every song. Ira Kaplan explains: Rob Sheffield, writing in \"The", "id": "9504912" }, { "contents": "Easy Street Records\n\n\ntenant. On closing night, Yo La Tengo played to a packed house for the final in-store at the Queen Anne location. The Sonics (And Guests) At Easy Street On April 18, 2015, Easy Street presented a special Record Store Day in-store performance by the legendary Northwest band, The Sonics, who had just released their first album in nearly 40 years, This Is The Sonics. Tickets went on sale the day before the event, with all proceeds going toward funding Seattle radio station KEXP’s", "id": "1418805" }, { "contents": "Duophonic Records\n\n\nwith Yo La Tengo \"The Long Hair of Death\" by Stereolab and \"Evanescent Psychic Pez Drop\" by Yo La Tengo 3000 on fluorescent yellow vinyl with a fluorescent yellow sticker DS33-11 Stereolab/Nurse With Wound \"Simple Headphone Mind\" 12\" 3000 on black vinyl, 1000 on translucent yellow vinyl A limited run of promo CDs were also pressed DS45-12 Labradford \"Scenic Recovery\" b/w \"Underwood 5ive\" 10\" 2500 copies on black vinyl DS45-13 DS45-14 Broadcast \"Living Room", "id": "12662504" }, { "contents": "Elio Chacón\n\n\nAshburn happily saw Chacón backing off. He relaxed, positioned himself to catch the ball, and was instead run over by 200-pound left fielder Frank Thomas, who understood no Spanish and had missed a team meeting that proposed using the words \"¡Yo la tengo!\" as a way to avoid outfield collisions. After getting up, Thomas asked Ashburn, \"What the hell is a Yellow Tango?\". The band, Yo La Tengo, gets its name from this baseball anecdote. He led the Mets in stolen bases", "id": "20671199" }, { "contents": "Dave Schramm (musician)\n\n\n\" and the band's highly acclaimed first LP, \"Ride the Tiger\". Following \"Ride the Tiger\", Schramm amicably left Yo La Tengo to form the Schramms with a number of musicians he had previously been connected to - Ron Metz, who had played drums in Human Switchboard, and former Yo La Tengo members Mike Lewis (bass) and Terry Karydes, who initially played bass until her bass guitar was stolen, after which she moved to keyboards. The band also had guitarist Todd Novak and saxophonist Pete Linzell", "id": "8967280" }, { "contents": "National Sawdust\n\n\n, Nico Muhly, Yo La Tengo, Chris Thile, Pussy riot, Tanya Tagaq, Joan Tower, John Corigliano, the International Contemporary Ensemble, yMusic, Missy Mazzoli, Royce Vavrek, Du Yun, Karole Armitage, and Anthony Roth Costanzo. The National Sawdust Company was a sawdust factory in operation in industrial Williamsburg, Brooklyn during the 1930s. It closed in the late 20th century, leaving the space empty. After a zoning change in Williamsburg in the early 2000s, many historic industrial buildings in the area were demolished to", "id": "1330289" }, { "contents": "LouFest\n\n\nlater replaced by Yo La Tengo and UME The 2013 LouFest Music Festival was held on September 7–8. Saturday, September 7: Wilco, Jim James, The National, Toro y Moi, Fitz and The Tantrums, Ra Ra Riot, Trampled by Turtles, Robert DeLong, J Roddy Walston and the Business, Jukebox the Ghost, Wild Belle, Desert Noises, Space Capone, Modoc, Kentucky Knife Fight Sunday, September 8: The Killers, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, Alabama Shakes, Icona Pop, Local Natives", "id": "5434939" }, { "contents": "Yo No Tengo Nah\n\n\n\"Yo No Tengo Nah\" (\"I don't have nothing\") is a Christmas song written and perform by Kany García. The song is part of effort to raising funds to benefit substantially Psychopedagogical Institute of Puerto Rico, a place that houses children and adults with severe mental retardation. \"Yo No Tengo Nah\", can only be obtained through digital download. \"Yo No Tengo Nah\" talks about the custom that Puerto Rican families have to spend the holidays away from the island and plans to spend the best", "id": "15246291" }, { "contents": "Pilot (Gilmore Girls)\n\n\n\" by The La's, \"I Try\" by Macy Gray, \"Where the Colors Don't Go\" by Sam Phillips, \"My Little Corner Of The World\" by Yo La Tengo, \"Wendy\" by Wesley Yang & Gavin McNett, \"Ballet Waltz #3\" by Herman Beeftink, and \"Heartland\" by George Strait. The pilot was shot in Unionville, Ontario near Toronto while the rest of the series was filmed in Burbank, California at the Warner Bros. lot. The series was approved though", "id": "916903" }, { "contents": "Collar De Esmeraldas\n\n\nCollar De Esmeraldas (The Emerald Necklace) is an Argentine telenovela that aired in 2006. It starred Osvaldo Laport and Carina Zampini as protagonists. The theme song for the novela, \"Te tengo Que Encontrar\" was written by Osvaldo Laport and Marcelo Wengrovsky. It was performed by Osvaldo Laport. Lyrics: \"Yo quiero volar \"te tengo que encontrar \"y envuelta entre mis alas \"buscar la libertad. \"Si sólo supieras, alma mía, \"que yo soy quien te busca, \"quien te sueña, \"", "id": "4798075" }, { "contents": "Ana Bárbara\n\n\n; she performed one of Rivera's most popular hits, \"Inolvidable\". She continued filming small television during the 8th and 9th season of \"Tengo Talento, Mucho Talento,\". During the reality show finale in November, she premiered heartbreak track \"Yo Ya No Estoy\". After a long layoff to concentrate on family and filming small television, she released \"Yo Soy La Mujer\" on December 3, 2013. Although she had produced and composed banda for over a decade, her eleventh studio album became her", "id": "7502074" }, { "contents": "Junebug (film)\n\n\nare at a church social, George and two young men are featured singing the hymn \"Softly and Tenderly, Jesus Is Calling\" by Will Lamartine Thompson. No official soundtrack has been released of the film. As a result, Syreeta's album \"One to One\" (which contains the song \"Harmour Love\") has since experienced a resurgence of sales. Yo La Tengo have released some of the original music in a compilation of their work on soundtracks \"They Shoot, We Score\". The DVD was released", "id": "19369407" }, { "contents": "Fade (Yo La Tengo album)\n\n\n\" was released as a limited edition triple 12\" in \"a printed flat in a 4-box poly shower curtain display case\" in July 2013 On November 5th the 12\" of \"Super Kiwi\" was released. The title song was recorded during the \"Fade\" sessions with John McEntire. On the B-side there is a cover of the Beach Boys' \"A Day in the Life of a Tree\". \"Fade\" debuted at number 26 on the Billboard 200 chart upon its release in January 2013,", "id": "20043995" }, { "contents": "Buckminster Fuller\n\n\n\". Fuller was the subject of two documentary films: \"The World of Buckminster Fuller\" (1971) and \"\" (1996). Additionally, filmmaker Sam Green and the band Yo La Tengo collaborated on a 2012 \"live documentary\" about Fuller, \"The Love Song of R. Buckminster Fuller\". In June 2008, the Whitney Museum of American Art presented \"Buckminster Fuller: Starting with the Universe\", the most comprehensive retrospective to date of his work and ideas. The exhibition traveled to the Museum of", "id": "3594990" }, { "contents": "Summer Sun\n\n\nan approval rating of 77 out of 100 on review aggregator website Metacritic. \"Mojo\" called the album \"A set of busy beautiful whispers; 62 minutes of exquisite suspended animation\" \"Alternative Press\" called it Yo La Tengo's \"most challenging album to date\". \"Uncut\" wrote, \"From the edge of the sea, back to the fringes of sleep, \"Summer Sun\" is uncommonly lovely\". Greg Milner of \"Spin\" wrote: \"\"Summer Sun\" sometimes sounds like a band", "id": "14596624" }, { "contents": "Flamin' Groovies\n\n\nand Jordan reunited and embarked on a brief tour, backed by members of the A-Bones and Yo La Tengo, including the Ponderosa Stomp in April. The tour focused on the Groovies' pre-1972 catalog, omitting the later songs; Jordan noted that, despite the band's continuing popularity, \"when I did that tour with Roy, . . . the halls didn’t exactly fill up.\" During an English date on this tour, Jordan reconnected with Wilson, who was then living in England (and who had", "id": "2095051" }, { "contents": "Ely Guerra\n\n\nby Andres Levin, her third album, \"Lotofire\", was released in 1999. The album spawned three singles, \"Tengo frío\", \"Yo no\" and \"Vete\". In 2001, Guerra contributed a cover of \"La Tumba Falsa\" to the Los Tigres del Norte tribute compilation \"El Más Grande Homenaje a Los Tigres del Norte\". In 2002, her albums \"Pa' Morirse de Amor\" and \"Lotofire\" were re-released. The same year, \"Lotofire\" was edited", "id": "15678628" }, { "contents": "The Lawsuits\n\n\nUp. In September of that year, The Lawsuits performed at the 2012 WHYY Connections Festival with Yo La Tengo, Frank Turner, Maps & Atlases, and Fabian Akilles. In 2013, the band was named the Philadelphia Indie Band of the Year by Tri-State Indie at the Tri-State Indie Awards. In March 2013, The Lawsuits recorded and released a Key Studio Session by WXPN. Daytrotter released a session by the band in September 2013. They have performed at CMJ Music Festival (2012-2013),", "id": "16348485" }, { "contents": "Duophonic Records\n\n\nhandmade covers that were produced by Martin Pike in his father's garage. Bands that have released records on Duophonic include Broadcast, the High Llamas, Labradford, Tortoise, Pram, Yo La Tengo, the Notwist, and Apparat Organ Quartet. Daft Punk, one of the most successful electronic bands of the 1990s, released their first songs under the name Darlin' on the 1993 Duophonic compilation \"Shimmies in Super 8\". Duophonic's most successful release is Stereolab's \"Emperor Tomato Ketchup\" (1996), which was", "id": "12662499" }, { "contents": "Matador Records\n\n\nfirst joint venture by the two labels was Girls’ debut critically acclaimed release ‘Album’ and was \"worked through Matador’s fearsome promotional & marketing machinery.\" In October 2010, Matador celebrated the label's 21st anniversary with a series of concerts at the Palms Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas. Pavement, Yo La Tengo, the New Pornographers, Spoon, Ted Leo & the Pharmacists, Guided By Voices, Kurt Vile, Cold Cave, Fucked Up, Liz Phair, Shearwater, Superchunk, Come, Times New Viking", "id": "12952836" }, { "contents": "Adem Ilhan\n\n\non the soundtrack of the film \"Dead Man's Shoes\". A second album, \"Love and Other Planets\", was released on 24 April 2006 to generally favourable reviews. In May 2008 Ilhan released a collection of cover songs called \"Takes\". The album includes tracks originally written and performed by Yo La Tengo, The Smashing Pumpkins, Björk, dEUS, and Bedhead, among others. In 2008 Ilhan along with Jeremy Warmsley & Mystery Jets contributed the song \"Grains of Sand\" to the Survival International charity", "id": "12590094" }, { "contents": "Here Comes My Baby (Cat Stevens song)\n\n\n\"Here Comes My Baby\" is a pop song written by Cat Stevens. It was first recorded and released as a single by The Tremeloes in January 1967, and became a hit in the UK, Canada, and U.S. at numbers 4, 7, and 13, respectively. It appeared on Stevens' album \"Matthew and Son\", released in March 1967 (Stevens had recorded the song on February 1, 1967). Yo La Tengo covered the song on their 1990 album, \"Fakebook\". It was", "id": "14855805" }, { "contents": "Seely (band)\n\n\nthe first American band to do so. Their first release for Too Pure, \"Julie Only\", was a re-recording of their first album, plus two newer tracks, produced by John McEntire (of Tortoise fame). It was received with some critical acclaim, with many reviewers comparing them to Stereolab, My Bloody Valentine, and Pram. They toured internationally, supporting bands like Yo La Tengo, GusGus, and Trans Am, and released both an EP (\"Soft City\") and a third album", "id": "16104086" }, { "contents": "Quickspace\n\n\nPrecious Falling, the second album proper, was released on CD and double vinyl on 31 August 1998. The album had been recorded in late 1997/early 1998 (i.e. with Chin still on drums). The band then went on tour and covered pretty much all of Europe, including a gig supporting Yo La Tengo in London and a set of gigs with labelmates Novak and Ligament in the UK. In 2000, the band released The Death of Quickspace to much critical acclaim, followed by the 'Flat Moon Society'", "id": "1892012" }, { "contents": "Alias Records\n\n\nStudio. Hanover-Jenkins oversaw the development of both companies. The roster included Archers of Loaf. Having several releases in the Alias catalog, a deal was made with Merge Records in 2011 to re-issue four of the LPs with various singles and outtakes. Another notable band, Yo La Tengo, had their first Alias release come out in 1992, \"May I Sing\", followed by \"Upside Down\", an extra-long EP that actually contained an LP's worth of material. The band signed to", "id": "21639034" }, { "contents": "The Turn-Ons\n\n\nsimply my favourite new Seattle band. If I said that their sound was a combination of the Velvets, T. Rex and Spiritualized with a dash of Yo La Tengo, it wouldn't do them justice.\" The Turn-ons have released three full-length albums, The Turn-ons, East, Parallels and the EP Love Ruined Us. Their songs have appeared on soundtracks, ASCAP and Uncut samplers, and featured in SPIN magazine. On April 1, 2008, the Turn-ons released their 4th & 5th", "id": "3234881" }, { "contents": "Chris Stamey\n\n\nformer dB's producer Scott Litt. He has worked as a producer and sound engineer for various artists and recording projects including those by the alternative country group Whiskeytown. In 2004, Stamey released the album \"Travels in the South\", quickly followed by \"V.O.T.E.\" 2004, enlarged as 2005's \"A Question of Temperature\" featuring the group Yo La Tengo as the album's backing musicians. In July 2009, Stamey and Holsapple released their second album as a duo entitled \"Here and Now\", which was promoted", "id": "4393818" }, { "contents": "City Slang\n\n\nCity Slang is a record label based in Berlin, Germany. The label was founded in 1990 by former tour agent Christof Ellinghaus, exclusively to release The Flaming Lips’ \"In A Priest Driven Ambulance (With Silver Sunshine Stares)\". With bands The Lemonheads, Das Damen, and Yo La Tengo also looking for a label to release their 1990 albums, City Slang became, almost by chance, a home for US bands looking to bring their music to the European market. It was named after the song \"City", "id": "5750491" }, { "contents": "Stephen Malkmus\n\n\nMcNew (of Yo La Tengo). In the late 1980s, he was employed as a security guard at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, along with Berman and Bob Nastanovich. Malkmus formed Pavement with Scott Kannberg (aka Spiral Stairs) while he was living in Stockton during the 1980s. Their first album, \"Slanted & Enchanted,\" was released to critical acclaim, and the band continued to receive attention for subsequent releases. Pavement, and Malkmus in particular, was hailed as spearheading the underground", "id": "7073195" }, { "contents": "Dave Schramm (musician)\n\n\n. The Schramms released their debut album \"Walk to Delphi\" in 1989, and gained a following in Germany. In 1990, Schramm briefly worked with Yo La Tengo again, this time contributing to their album \"Fakebook\". Meanwhile, he continued writing songs with the Schramms, and after being signed to European label \"Normal Records\", the band released its second album, \"Rock, Paper, Scissors, Dynamite\" in 1992. Around this time, much of the original lineup had left the band, and", "id": "8967281" }, { "contents": "I Love the '90s: Part Deux\n\n\nSummer\" by Yo La Tengo Then and Now 1990: Then - Donald Trump & Marla Trump, portable CD players, and Vanilla Ice; Now - Donald Trump & Melania Trump, iPods, and Eminem Pimpest Tracks of 1991: \"Summertime\" by DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, \"Can't Truss It\" by Public Enemy, and \"Jackin' for Beats\" by Ice Cube Guys We'll Go Gay For in 1991: Val Kilmer and Kevin Costner Bootyfone 1991: \"I Adore Mi Amor\" by", "id": "16341473" }, { "contents": "Kevin Shields\n\n\nfirst credits were The Impossible's 1991 single \"How Do You Do It?\"; and \"Tunnel\", a track from GODs remix album \"Appeal to Human Greed\" (1995). He also produced Dot Allisons \"Afterglow\" (1997), Joy Zippers \"American Whip\" (2003) and The Beat Up's \"Blackrays Defence\" (2005). Shields has also mixed and remixed material by The Pastels, Yo La Tengo, Damian O'Neill, Mogwai, Hurricane #1, The Go! Team", "id": "18187463" }, { "contents": "Turnstyle (band)\n\n\nGeek Party\", which was followed by their second studio album, \"Turnstyle Corporation\" in October 2001. They supported many local and international acts including Guided by Voices, Trans Am, They Might Be Giants, Yo La Tengo, Ben Lee, Stereolab, Bikini Kill, Regurgitator, Custard and Jebediah. Turnstyle went on hiatus (announced as a break up) in 2002, with Adem K going on to perform as a solo performer and with his band The Community Chest. Fanning contributed ideas and songs to many of", "id": "18609769" }, { "contents": "Architecture in Helsinki\n\n\n, Architecture in Helsinki toured Australia supporting The Go-Betweens, then undertook their own east coast tour followed with a support tour for international acts, Yo La Tengo, múm and Arab Strap. The group issued the \"Kindling\" EP in October, which included collaborations with Qua (an electronica artist), B(if)tek (electronic duo) and Bogdan Raczynski (braindance artist). As a bonus on the disc, Knowles provided an animated video for \"Like a Call\". In December they appeared at the Meredith Music Festival", "id": "5444159" }, { "contents": "18th Dye\n\n\nRaygun, Ministry, Big Black), was released in Germany in 1992 before the band gained a recording and distribution deal with US Independent label Matador Records in 1994, having been championed by Yo La Tengo. The self-produced six song EP Crayon followed in 1994. In 1995, 18th Dye moved to Danish label Cloudland Records and recorded their second album, \"Tribute to a Bus\", recorded by Steve Albini at Black Box Recording Studio in Noyant-La-Gravoyère, France. More dynamic and diverse than previous", "id": "16512571" }, { "contents": "Summer Sun\n\n\ntreading water at low tide, but obsessively exploring the contours of a moment is what Yo La have been about from day one.\" AllMusic's Heather Phares called it \"an album that's as settled and smooth as the previous one was inventive and eclectic. [...] But, even though Yo La Tengo can still run circles around other groups even when they're running in place, compared to their best work \"Summer Sun\" is merely pleasant.\" \"PopMatters\" Adrien Begrand wrote\" \"As good as", "id": "14596625" }, { "contents": "Gonzalo Guerrero\n\n\nDíaz, when the newly freed friar attempted to convince Guerrero to join him, Gonzalo Guerrero responded: Spanish: \"\"Hermano Aguilar, yo soy casado y tengo tres hijos. Tienenme por cacique y capitán, cuando hay guerras, la cara tengo labrada, y horadadas las orejas. ¿Que dirán de mi esos españoles, si me ven ir de este modo? Idos vos con la bendición de Dios, que ya veis que estos mis hijitos son bonitos, y dadme por vida vuestra de esas cuentas verdes que traeis,", "id": "21539797" }, { "contents": "Dumptruck (band)\n\n\nworked as a computer programmer. Songs recorded by the band between 1988-91 were eventually released as \"Days of Fear\" in 1994, on Unclean Records. Tiven has issued two other records under the Dumptruck name: \"Terminal\" (1998) and \"Lemmings Travel to the Sea\" (2001), both on Devil In The Woods Records. Salem has released six solo recordings and worked as a guitarist, vocalist, producer or engineer with artists including Emmylou Harris, Yo La Tengo, Mercury Rev and Mooney Suzuki", "id": "1066559" }, { "contents": "Joy Zipper\n\n\nvary from 1960s rock outfits The Beatles, The Velvet Underground and most associated, The Beach Boys, to early 1990s noise rock pioneers My Bloody Valentine, and The Breeders. Joy Zipper (Eponymous LP) Joy Zipper's first album was recorded at home on an 8-track in 1999 and was first released in the UK on EyeQ Records that same year. In 2000 it was released on US label Bar/None Records (Yo La Tengo, Of Montreal, Alex Chilton). The single Christine Bonilla was featured on . American", "id": "13317906" }, { "contents": "I Can Hear the Heart Beating as One\n\n\n1997, by the independent record label Matador Records and reached number 19 on the \"Billboard\"s Heatseekers Albums chart, becoming the first Yo La Tengo album to enter the charts. Three songs from the album, \"Autumn Sweater\", \"Sugarcube\", and \"Little Honda\", were released as singles or EPs in 1997. A music video featuring \"Mr. Show with Bob and David\"s comedians David Cross and Bob Odenkirk was made for \"Sugarcube\". The song \"Moby Octopad\", which was not released as a", "id": "13876420" }, { "contents": "Scruffy The Cat\n\n\nas The Replacements, Yo La Tengo, and Los Lobos. The band played its final shows in 1990 before disbanding. In 2011, Scruffy The Cat played three reunion shows in the Boston area, with the initial show being arranged as a benefit concert for the cancer-stricken Chesterman. Chesterman died in November 2013. On August 19, 2014, Sony Music released all of Scruffy The Cat's officially released material, remastered as a 38-track package titled \"Time Never Forgets: The Anthology (86-88)\",", "id": "16551403" }, { "contents": "Third/Sister Lovers\n\n\nbe found on their compilation \"Covers\". \"Take Care\" was covered by Yo La Tengo on \"Summer Sun\". \"Kangaroo\" was released by Jeff Buckley on his posthumous live album \"Mystery White Boy\"; another version can be found on the legacy edition of his album Grace. In late 2018, The Monkees covered \"Jesus Christ\" on their first full-length Christmas release, \"Christmas Party\". The album sessions have been issued in three vinyl and 4 CD formats featuring different song selections", "id": "19382856" }, { "contents": "Fuckbook\n\n\nFuckbook is an album released by indie rock band Yo La Tengo under the alias Condo Fucks in 2009. The band name comes from an inner sleeve listing fake albums and genre send-ups included in their 1997 album \"I Can Hear the Heart Beating as One\". Guitarist Ira Kaplan and drummer Georgia Hubley are credited on this album as Kid Condo and Georgia Condo, respectively. The Matador press release for the album creates a fictional backstory for the band that hints at the truth. The album is purportedly produced by Mutt", "id": "21936725" }, { "contents": "Jay Som\n\n\n's first proper album as Jay Som, was released March 10, 2017 under Polyvinyl and Double Denim Records. It was preceded by the song \"1 Billion Dogs\" in February. Duterte has said that the album's sound was influenced by Tame Impala, Yo La Tengo, the Pixies and Carly Rae Jepsen's \"E•MO•TION.\" \"Everybody Works\" landed on Best of 2017 lists from Pitchfork, NPR, Stereogum, Rolling Stone, Entertainment Weekly, Billboard and others. In January 2018, Duterte released \"Pirouette\"", "id": "9625935" }, { "contents": "Antietam (band)\n\n\n, now on Triple X Records. They followed this with the album \"Burgoo\" in 1990, produced by Ira Kaplan and Georgia Hubley of Yo La Tengo, and now with Charles Schultz on drums. Josh Madell replaced Schultz, and played on \"Everywhere Outside\" (1991) and the live album \"Antietam Comes Alive!\", recorded as CBGB. The band returned to Homestead for the album \"Rope-a-Dope\" in 1995. The band's last release from this period was the \"Alibi\"", "id": "19666695" }, { "contents": "All Tomorrow's Parties Festival lineups\n\n\n: Built to Spill, Wilco, Yo La Tengo, Sparklehorse, Les Savy Fav, Akron/Family, The Notwist, Echo & the Bunnymen, Do Make Say Think, Death Vessel, Brightblack Morning Light, Shellac, Micah P. Hinson, Modest Mouse, The Apples in Stereo, The Books, Youthmovie Soundtrack Strategies, Mogwai, Battles, Trans Am, The Thermals, Annuals, Okkervil River, Clinic, The Go! Team, Bat for Lashes, Two Gallants, Daniel Johnston, Architecture in Helsinki, 65daysofstatic,", "id": "19024160" }, { "contents": "Primavera Sound\n\n\nlabel’s bands showcased their works. Acts included Belle And Sebastian, Yo La Tengo, Teenage Fanclub, Arab Strap, I Am Kloot, Sonic Youth, Mogwai, The White Stripes, Television, Beef, The Go-Betweens, 2 Many Dj’s, Julian Cope, Baxter Dury, Roni Size, Ed Harcourt, Antònia Font, Lcd Soundsystem, Märtini Brös, Erol Alkan, Gold Chains, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Hangedup, The Streets, Baby Zizanie, A Room With A View. In 2004 the", "id": "19156925" }, { "contents": "Pitchfork (website)\n\n\nBroken Social Scene, The Decemberists, The Go! Team, and an appearance by Les Savy Fav. On July 29 and 30, 2006, the publication premiered its own Pitchfork Music Festival in the same park. The event attracted over 18,000 attendees per day. More than 40 bands performed at the inaugural festival, including Spoon and Yo La Tengo, as well as a rare headlining set by reunited Tropicália band Os Mutantes. The Pitchfork Music Festival was held again in 2007. It was expanded to three days (Friday,", "id": "20060951" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jessica Jones (TV series)\n\n\noriginal programming at Marvel Television, provided some viewership demographics for \"Jessica Jones\" in August 2017, noting that the series has attracted a large number of female viewers. Also in the month, Netflix released viewing patterns for the Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's \"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\", showed that viewers would not watch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"Jessica Jones\", then \"", "id": "5216749" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (TV series)\n\n\nthe Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's \"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\", showed that viewers would not watch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"Jessica Jones\", then \"Daredevil\", \"Luke Cage\" and finally \"Iron Fist\". Todd Yellin, Netflix’s vice president of product innovation, noted that audiences watch the series \"in order of how they're interested in them and", "id": "18931249" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\ndoes not reveal subscriber viewership numbers for any of their original series, Karim Zreik, senior vice president of original programming at Marvel Television, provided some viewership demographics for \"Daredevil\" in August 2017, noting that the series has attracted a large number of male viewers. Also in the month, Netflix released viewing patterns for the Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's \"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\", showed that viewers would not", "id": "15072663" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nlot of this detail [is] good, but it could have been considerably compressed—none of the Marvel Netflix series, so far, would have lost much by being squeezed into 10 episodes, or even 8. If Netflix shaved the 60-minute running time down quite a bit, it would likely inspire more economical—and better—storytelling from its shows.\" Sims concluded by saying, \"What's most frustrating of all is that Netflix isn't getting rid of this approach anytime soon. \"Daredevil\" season three", "id": "21354609" }, { "contents": "List of unproduced television projects based on Marvel Comics\n\n\nthe shared universe of Marvel's Netflix series. In August 2001, \"Ectokid\" was planned as a television show to air on Nickelodeon. Barker would have acted as an executive producer of the television show, with Daley and Murphy as producers. Talking to \"Daily Variety\", Barker explained that his aim was to create \"a franchisable world\" for the studio, \"of great, transcendent beauty; one that reconfigures people's expectations of what ghosts are, of what comes after death.\" Since then, there", "id": "20068429" }, { "contents": "Marvel Television\n\n\nCEO Bob Iger said that Daredevil, Luke Cage, Iron Fist and Jessica Jones may appear on film if their shows are successful and that another outlet was chosen as ABC and Disney XD could not handle all Marvel shows. Disney will spend approximately $200 million in financing for the series. The four Netflix shows are set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was also revealed in November 2013 that the Hulk project first announced in 2012 had been shelved, with Loeb saying, when \"we saw what Joss Whedon and Mark Ruffalo", "id": "15069193" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\nalso spin out\" into their own series at some point, with Netflix ordering \"Marvel's The Punisher\", a spin-off from \"Daredevil\", that April. Sarandos later stated that Netflix was trying to close the gap between releases of Marvel seasons, but would always prioritize the quality of the series over higher numbers of releases per year. He also said that Netflix was open to exploring the MCU beyond the \"Defenders\" series, including potential crossovers with ABC's Marvel series. In July 2016, Marvel", "id": "9769232" }, { "contents": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\n\n\nthings all that dramatically [though]. I mean, at the end of the day, Marvel is always going to make shows that run somewhere between PG-13 and PG-16. We're not going to be making \"Deadpool\" anytime soon on [ABC].\" Marvel \"had a long talk with ABC about what can we get away with, so to speak\" in the new timeslot, which led to the inclusion of Ghost Rider in the season over one of Marvel's Netflix series, because Marvel felt \"that", "id": "20849845" }, { "contents": "Jon Bernthal\n\n\n\". Despite not initially being ordered by Netflix, the network spun-off the character's self-titled series \"The Punisher,\" released on November 17, 2017. His portrayal of the title character in season one was commended as a \"truly remarkable and intense performance\" for its emotional depth and \"possibly the best grizzly antihero performance among all of Marvel's Netflix series to date\". Bernthal likes to perform his own stunts on the show. On December 12, 2017, it was announced that the show", "id": "19708250" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\nMayer, chairman of Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International, noted that, while it had not yet been discussed, it was a possibility that Disney+ could revive the cancelled Netflix series. Netflix canceled both \"Jessica Jones\" and \"The Punisher\" on February 18, 2019, after three seasons and two seasons, respectively. In August 2016, Marvel announced that \"Marvel's Runaways\" had received a pilot order from Hulu, eventually receiving a 10 episode order the following May. That July, Loeb confirmed the", "id": "9769236" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\n\"Daredevil\" is the first of the ordered Netflix series, and is followed by \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\", \"Marvel's Luke Cage\", and \"Marvel's Iron Fist\", which lead to the miniseries, \"Marvel's The Defenders\". In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that, if the characters prove popular on Netflix, \"It's quite possible that they could become feature films,\" which Sarandos echoed in July 2015. In August 2014, D'Onofrio stated that after the \"", "id": "15072655" }, { "contents": "The Defenders (miniseries)\n\n\nMarvel's The Defenders, or simply The Defenders, is an American web television miniseries created by Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez for Netflix. It is based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist, who form the eponymous superhero team. Set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), it shares continuity with the films of the franchise and is a crossover event for a series of interconnected shows from Marvel and Netflix. The miniseries is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios", "id": "19033578" }, { "contents": "Agent Carter (TV series)\n\n\npiece—which may have harmed it on broadcast—could be a real draw for Netflix viewers\". Ryan also felt Marvel \"could copy what CBS is \" by creating a subscription service for a monthly fee, where consumers could access Marvel's films and televisions shows \"as well as premium exclusives like a third season of \"Agent Carter\"\". Ryan concluded, \"A third \"Agent Carter\" season could help solidify Marvel's standing not just with female fans, but with everyone who appreciates excellent and adventurous storytelling", "id": "20992294" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\nNetflix streams on its premiere date, the highest percentage of any series premiere measured by the company including previous Marvel Netflix premieres. Parrot later revealed that demand for \"Iron Fist\" a week after it launched was halved. This was the largest drop in retention for a Marvel Netflix series, indicating \"that people started binge-watching the show in its first few days and then didn't come back to finish the season the next weekend.\" The marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the season was the third-most viewed Netflix", "id": "15071269" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nfrom watching at all.\" In her review for the first season of \"Iron Fist\", Allison Keene of Collider spoke more on the pacing of Marvel's Netflix series, stating, \"By focusing so intently on making these series... much more grounded in a gritty real world than what we typically expect from a superhero show (like DC's candy-colored [Arrowverse] on The CW), the problem is that they miss out on the key element: this be fantastical entertainment.\" With \"The Defenders", "id": "21354611" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nour characters and encouraging us to do more...If we are lucky enough that through the writing, through the direction, through the actor that people want to see more of that person, terrific.\" In April 2016, Marvel and Netflix ordered \"The Punisher\", along with confirming Bernthal's involvement and naming Steve Lightfoot as showrunner. Filming began in Brooklyn, New York in October 2016, and concluded in April 2017. A second season was ordered on December 12, 2017. Netflix canceled the series on February 18", "id": "21354586" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\n, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. In November 2013, Disney was set to provide Netflix with live-action series based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that Netflix was chosen to air the shows, \"when Disney realized it could use the streaming service", "id": "9769226" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (season 1)\n\n\nseason of \"Luke Cage\" was ordered on December 3, 2016. onlyinclude /onlyinclude In October 2013, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. In December 2014, Mike Colter was cast as Cage, which was envisioned as a recurring role on \"Jessica Jones\" before headlining his own series. Netflix and Marvel announced that Cheo Hodari Coker would be", "id": "3672352" }, { "contents": "Marvel Television\n\n\n. Kevin Mayer, chairman of Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International, indicated that he would consider the show for Disney+, but the Netflix-Marvel TV pack restricts the appearance of the four original characters from any non-Netflix series for two years after being canceled. Thus 2020 would be the earliest that the shows could be revived on Disney+. In February 2019, it was announced that \"Legion\" would end after its third season. It was also revealed that Heinberg's series would not move forward at", "id": "15069208" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\n, but it needs more proper kung-fu flair than showrunner Buck allows.\" Responding to these reviews, Jones said that \"these shows are not made for critics, they are first and foremost made for the fans ... when the fans of the Marvel Netflix world and fans of the comic books view the show through the lens of just wanting to enjoy a superhero show, then they will really enjoy what they see.\" Jones later attributed the negative reviews to the fact that his character, \"a white American billionaire", "id": "15071279" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\n\"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\", showed that viewers would not watch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"Jessica Jones\", then \"Daredevil\", \"Luke Cage\" and finally \"Iron Fist\". Todd Yellin, Netflix's vice president of product innovation, noted that audiences watch the series \"in order of how they're interested in them and how they learn about them.\" Netflix's data also showed that", "id": "19033532" }, { "contents": "Netflix\n\n\na platform which allows varying run times per episode based on a storyline, eliminates the need for a week to week recap, and does not have a fixed notion of what constitutes a \"season\". This flexibility also allows Netflix to nurture a show until it finds its audience, unlike traditional networks which will quickly cancel a show if it is unable to maintain steady ratings. Netflix has strayed from the traditional necessary production of a pilot episode in order to establish the characters and create arbitrary cliffhangers to prove to the network that", "id": "9760398" }, { "contents": "Marvel Knights\n\n\n's darker and lesser known titles: \"\" and \"\" were the only films released under the \"Marvel Knights\" banner. The Marvel Knights books have had several influences on Marvel Cinematic Universe movies and TV shows. From the Netflix Marvel shows such as \"Daredevil\", \"Jessica Jones\", \"Luke Cage\", \"Iron Fist\" and \"The Defenders\" to the 2018 \"Black Panther\" film the characters they created have been noted as coming directly from the comics. Christopher Priest indicated the Dora Milaje", "id": "18680494" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nof the first season of \"Luke Cage\", \"The Atlantic\"s David Sims wrote on the pacing issue of Marvel's Netflix series, a common complaint to that point, stating, \"After two seasons of \"Daredevil\", one of \"Jessica Jones\", and now one of \"Luke Cage\", the Netflix model feels fundamentally flawed, encouraging the kind of molasses-slow plotting comic books are designed to eschew. The problem isn't that these shows are bad, necessarily... But they all take far too", "id": "21354607" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nThe Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series are American superhero television shows based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. The shows have been in production since 2013, and in that time Marvel Television and ABC Studios, along with its production division ABC Signature Studios, have premiered 11 series across broadcast, streaming, and cable television on ABC, Netflix and Hulu, and Freeform, respectively. They have at least four more series in various stages of development, with Marvel Studios—the production studio behind the MCU", "id": "21354544" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (season 1)\n\n\nWashington Post\", concluded that \"Luke Cage\" is \"Netflix's best Marvel show to date. When given the chance to bring to life one of the most well-known heroes of color around, Marvel and Netflix produced something that is undeniably and unapologetically black and beautiful.\" \"TV Guide\"s Alexander Zalban called the season one of 2016's \"most vital, important\" and \"timely\" television series, saying it had \"incredibly layered and iconic performances\" from the cast. Matt Webb Mitovich of TVLine,", "id": "3672412" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\ndoes take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It's all connected. But that doesn't necessarily mean that we would look up in the sky and see [Iron Man]. It's just a different part of New York that we have not yet seen in the Marvel movies.\" In January 2015, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos said Netflix planned to release a Marvel series approximately a year apart from each other after \"Daredevil\"s April 2015 release. A year later, Sarandos noted that the release schedules of the Marvel Netflix", "id": "9769230" }, { "contents": "Charlie Cox\n\n\nStreet show. Neither was ordered to series. Cox appeared in a supporting role in the 2014 film \"The Theory of Everything\", playing Jonathan Hellyer Jones, the second husband of Jane Hawking. Cox has portrayed Matt Murdock in Marvel's \"Daredevil\" TV series as well as the 2017 team-up miniseries event \"The Defenders\", produced and released through Netflix. His performance was praised and given a Helen Keller Achievement Award for his role by the American Foundation for the Blind. The show ran for three seasons", "id": "5022645" }, { "contents": "Thunderbird Entertainment\n\n\nhubs in Vancouver and Ottawa, in addition to maintaining and office in Los Angeles. Throughout its history, Atomic Cartoons has worked with partners such as Marvel Animation, Netflix, Disney, Cartoon Network, Warner Bros., Lego, Mattel, Spin Master and Nelvana. Atomic's productions include Emmy-award winning Beat Bugs, the upcoming Netflix series The Last Kids on Earth, the Disney show 101 Dalmatian Street, Counterfeit Cat, Minecraft Mini Series, Marvel's Avengers Assemble, Max & Ruby and LEGO Jurassic World: The Secret", "id": "6763474" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nup with Marvel, despite this not being a film project, given its previous successes. As Netflix does not reveal subscriber viewership numbers for any of their original series, Karim Zreik, senior vice president of original programming at Marvel Television, provided some viewership demographics for \"Luke Cage\" in August 2017, noting that the series has attracted \"sort of a mix\" of viewers between gender and age. Also in the month, Netflix released viewing patterns for the Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's", "id": "19033531" }, { "contents": "Ted Sarandos\n\n\nKevin Spacey, \"House of Cards.\" Beginning with \"House of Cards,\" which was bought for $100 million in a March 2011 deal, Sarandos created the model where Netflix purchases multiple seasons of shows without pilot orders. Sarandos sees the focus as being on subscriber growth as a reflection of revenue health over ratings, especially because the ad-supported model doesn't apply to Netflix. Sarandos uses algorithms at Netflix to predict what programs viewers will want to watch prior to producing them. His personal algorithm focuses on", "id": "18824413" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (season 1)\n\n\nLuke Cage\" doesn't reach the heights of \"Daredevil\" and \"Jessica Jones\", and its flawed second half ends up diminishing what was otherwise a fantastic season. But with something important to say and interesting new characters, \"Luke Cage\" is another win for Marvel's Netflix shows.\" Keene highlighted the use of race in the season, and how it did not just study crime but also \"the beleaguered police, sleazy politicians, and the young people in the community who see guns and drugs as an", "id": "3672415" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nMarvel Television was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Luke Cage, Daredevil, Jessica Jones, and Iron Fist, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Marvel began their search for a showrunner in 2014, and in late March 2015, Netflix", "id": "19033509" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\nMarvel's Daredevil, or simply Daredevil, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that lead to \"The Defenders\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with DeKnight Productions for the first season and Goddard Textiles for the first and second", "id": "15072621" }, { "contents": "Netflix\n\n\nPictures, Marvel Studios, and Lucasfilm releases. Netflix will retain rights to continue streaming the Marvel series that were produced for the service. With the Disney-Fox merger, movie and TV titles from 20th Century Fox will likely follow suit after their deal with Netflix expires, except \"Two Lovers and a Bear\", which Netflix will likely retain U.S streaming rights to as Fox and Netflix jointly acquired the U.S distribution rights to the film. Time Warner CEO Jeff Bewkes in 2011 welcomed Netflix's ability to monetize older content that", "id": "9760353" }, { "contents": "The Punisher (season 1)\n\n\nplease fans. It gave the credit to the \"soul\" of the show and Bernthal as \"one of Marvel's great casting gets\" and made the show \"a definitive adaptation that doubles as Netflix's best Marvel show to date.\" \"The Hollywood Reporter\" thought the first 13 episode season felt \"at least twice the length it should be.\" \"The New York Times\" said \"the action picks up as the season progresses, but \"The Punisher\" never quite gets in touch with the visceral", "id": "14940089" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (TV series)\n\n\nMarvel's Iron Fist, or simply Iron Fist, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Scott Buck, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise and is the fourth in a series of shows that lead to \"The Defenders\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Devilina Productions and showrunner Buck for the first season. Raven Metzner took", "id": "18931226" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nMarvel's Luke Cage, or simply Luke Cage, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Cheo Hodari Coker, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise and is the third in a series of shows that lead to \"The Defenders\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Luke Cage,", "id": "19033505" }, { "contents": "Melissa Rosenberg\n\n\nthat the title for the series would be shortened to \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\". However, as of February, 2019 Marvel's partnership with Netflix has come to an end, meaning Jessica Jones, the show that Rosenberg was a main writer and showrunner for, is being discontinued. This includes other Marvel productions The Punisher, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist. The split between the two media companies comes after the announcement of Disney+, Disney's own streaming service coming out in November 2019. Marvel is owned by Disney", "id": "20577793" }, { "contents": "Jessica Jones (TV series)\n\n\nMarvel's Jessica Jones, or simply Jessica Jones, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Melissa Rosenberg, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the second in a series of shows that led to \"The Defenders\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Tall Girls Productions, with Rosenberg serving as showrunner. Krysten Ritter stars", "id": "5216712" }, { "contents": "The Punisher (season 1)\n\n\nas executive producer and showrunner. Asked whether he would rather have a 10 episode season given the longer 13 episode-seasons have been criticized for other Marvel Netflix series, Lightfoot said that he wanted the season to be a \"slow burn show\" that was character-driven, and that he felt they had the right amount of story to fill the 13 episodes. Lightfoot had a loose idea of what the \"journey of Season 1\" would be when he joined the series, and this was fleshed-out and altered", "id": "14940049" }, { "contents": "Marvel Television\n\n\nthe ABC-owned network Freeform greenlit \"Cloak & Dagger\" with a straight-to-series order as Marvel's first work with ABC Signature. The series, which is set in the MCU, premiered in 2018. At the end of the month, Marvel and Netflix officially picked up the series, \"The Punisher\", with Bernthal attached to reprise his role as the lead character. In May 2016, ABC cancelled \"Agent Carter\" and passed on the pilot for \"Most Wanted\". In July 2016", "id": "15069201" }, { "contents": "Marvel Television\n\n\nof several series in development at Marvel. By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. In November 2013, it was announced that Disney would provide Netflix with live-action series starting in 2015, based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Responding to the Netflix announcement, Disney", "id": "15069192" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (TV series)\n\n\nRamón Rodríguez also stars as Bakuto. Jones, Henwick, Pelphrey, Stroup, and Dhawan reprise their roles in the second season. They are joined by Simone Missick as Misty Knight, reprising her role from previous Marvel Netflix series, and Alice Eve as Mary Walker. Stephanie Maslansky is the costume designer for \"Iron Fist\", after serving the same role for the previous Marvel Netflix series. Maslansky noted one of the differences in the series compared to the other Marvel Netflix series was the neighborhoods it spent time in (\"", "id": "18931240" }, { "contents": "Netflix\n\n\non March 17, 2017 and \"The Defenders\" on August 18, 2017. In April 2016, the Netflix series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe were expanded further, to include a 13-episode series of \"The Punisher\". In addition to the Marvel deal, Disney announced that the television series \"\" would release its sixth and final season on Netflix, as well as all five prior and the . The new \"Star Wars\" content was released on Netflix's streaming service on March 7, 2014. In April 2014", "id": "9760339" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nThat September, the writers room was put on hold so Netflix and Marvel could plan how to adjust the season from the expected 13 episodes to a shorter 10-episode run. During the week of October 15, detailed scripts for the first half of those 10 episodes were delivered to Netflix and Marvel, incorporating ideas that had been plotted out for six months and notes received from Netflix and Marvel executives. Some of the executives had issues with these scripts, despite featuring many of the notes they asked to be included, with the creative", "id": "19033537" }, { "contents": "Farscape\n\n\ntimes when shows are broadcast in a different order than what was intended and they then try to correct many years later for the sake of building up stories and characters, but for continuity, it would seem that the DVD releases are proper as opposed to Netflix. One specific instance is that D'Argo's Qualta blade is transformed as a munitions weapon by the second or third episode from the Netflix release, yet several episodes later, that was revealed for the first time that it had that ability. On 15 July 2007 it was", "id": "18013339" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\n\"Marvel's Daredevil\". A few days later, Charlie Cox was cast as Daredevil. A second season was ordered on April 21, 2015, with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez taking over as showrunners from DeKnight, who could not return to the series due to a prior commitment. A third season was ordered in July 2016, with Erik Oleson announced as the new showrunner of the series in October 2017. Netflix canceled the series on November 29, 2018. The first season, which debuted in its entirety on April", "id": "21354568" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (season 1)\n\n\n\"nailing the spirit of the comics\". He stated that Netflix's support of \"the creatives\" coupled with Marvel's restrictions on their properties led to him pushing the source material as far as he could while remaining respectful of the characters and their history, and being surprised at \"how willing everyone is to take a really fresh look and really push what we’re doing.\" Vincent D'Onofrio compared telling a story on Netflix to more of a \"13-hour film\" than a television series and noted that time can be", "id": "17414464" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\n. Uproxx's Alan Sepinwall felt of the first six episodes, \"It's easily the worst of the Netflix Marvel shows\", criticizing the pacing and \"miscasting\" of Jones. He was more positive about Moss and Dawson's roles. Sepinwall concluded, \"the biggest problem with the new show is that no one involved seems to have any kind of take on the material. They’re just making a mostly faithful but personality-free adaptation because someone at Marvel decided four years ago that Danny had to be [in", "id": "15071276" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\nother Netflix shows, except \"The Punisher\", linking them together similarly to Jackson's Nick Fury in the films. Dawson explained that she signs on with Marvel for a year at a time, for a certain number of episodes, and finds out which series the episodes are for closer to the time of filming. In August 2012, Marvel signed Joss Whedon to an exclusive contract through June 2015 for film and television. With the deal, Whedon would \"contribute creatively\" on Phase Two of the MCU and develop the", "id": "9769279" }, { "contents": "Jessica Jones (TV series)\n\n\nJones\" is the second of the ordered Netflix series, after \"Daredevil\", and was followed by \"Luke Cage\" and \"Marvel's Iron Fist\", which led to the miniseries, \"The Defenders\". In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that, if the characters prove popular on Netflix, \"It's quite possible that they could become feature films,\" which Sarandos echoed in July 2015. In August 2014, Vincent D'Onofrio, who played Wilson Fisk in \"Daredevil\", stated that", "id": "5216742" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (season 2)\n\n\nwill be a second season of this show—or if it will fold into the others—are questions nobody really has answers to yet.\" In November 2014, DeKnight said that there \"probably will be more\" seasons of \"Daredevil\" following the first. In January 2015, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos stated the series was \"eligible to go into multiple seasons for sure\" and Netflix would look at \"how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel fanbase but also the broader fanbase\" to determine if additional", "id": "18533343" }, { "contents": "List of What If issues\n\n\nthe story of what might have happened if Magneto had been more influential in Hope's development for the Phoenix. In April 2014 Marvel released a five-issue limited series for the 2013 event \"Age of Ultron\", focusing on Wolverine and Invisible Woman's trip back in time to kill Hank Pym in order to prevent him creating Ultron and showing the effects for the Marvel Universe if one of the other four founding Avengers had died, or if Hank had simply elected not to create Ultron. In October 2015, Marvel released", "id": "12083300" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (season 1)\n\n\n. Coker had plotted the story of the first four episodes before the show's writers room began work, but had initially done so over two or three episodes, with the event at the end of the second episode originally taking place at the end of the first. Loeb and Marvel's Karim Zreik told Coker to slow the pace of the show down, which led to an approach that Coker compared to \"Unforgiven.\" Set in Harlem, rather than the Hell's Kitchen of the previous Marvel Netflix series, Colter described", "id": "3672358" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (TV series)\n\n\ncoinciding with the release of the season. Robert Lydecker composed the score for the second season. \"Iron Fist\" is the fourth of the ordered Netflix series, after \"Marvel's Daredevil\", \"Jessica Jones\" and \"Luke Cage\", which lead to the miniseries, \"The Defenders\". In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that if the characters prove popular on Netflix, \"It’s quite possible that they could become feature films,\" which Sarandos echoed in July 2015. In August 2014", "id": "18931244" }, { "contents": "List of unproduced Marvel Comics projects\n\n\n-known properties, such as Iron Fist, along with others such as Black Panther, Cable, Doctor Strange, Nighthawk, and Vision. In August 2010, Marvel Studios hired Rich Wilkes to write the screenplay, implying that Marvel had a future \"Iron Fist\" film project planned. In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that they \"probably were never going to make feature films about\" characters featured in Marvel's Netflix TV series such as \"Iron Fist\" but that if the Netflix series became popular,", "id": "6500818" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\nold Hell's Kitchen. All episodes of the first season were released on Netflix on April 10, 2015, while the second season was released in its entirety on March 18, 2016. They were met with positive reviews. In July 2016, the series was renewed for a third season, which was released on October 19, 2018. A spin-off series, centered on Bernthal's character Frank Castle / Punisher and titled \"Marvel's The Punisher\", was ordered by Netflix in April 2016. On November 29", "id": "15072624" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\nto be revived on Disney+. Conversely, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" felt it was unlikely the series would be revived on Disney+ and also noted the two other remaining series at the time (\"Jessica Jones\" and \"The Punisher\") would remain on Netflix \"until they run their course\". \"Variety\" added that, per the original deal between Marvel and Netflix for the series, the characters cannot appear in any non-Netflix series or films for at least two years following their cancellation. Kevin A.", "id": "9769235" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\nto a more adult audience, given the show's edgier tone. Paul Gitter, senior VP of Marvel Licensing for Disney Consumer Products explained that the focus would be more on teens and adults than very young people, with products at outlets like Hot Topic. Additionally, a Marvel Knights merchandise program was created to support the series, which creates new opportunities for individual product lines and collector focused products. Licensing partners wanted to pair up with Marvel, despite this not being a film project, given its previous successes. As Netflix", "id": "15072662" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nand Marvel announced Cheo Hodari Coker in that role and revealed the title of the series to be \"Marvel's Luke Cage\". Coker was inspired to become the series showrunner \"when he realized the ramifications of a series about a black man with impenetrable skin and how that might empower him to take on both criminals and crooked authority figures\"; he pitched the series to Netflix as an examination of Harlem, \"like what \"The Wire\" did for Baltimore.\" Charles Murray, Alison Engel, Allie Goss, Kris", "id": "19033510" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\nas a way to grow the popularity of the characters\". He added that, if the characters prove popular, they could become feature films. Loeb later stated that Marvel was not \"interested in making four pilots and then hoping someday that they could all get together. Netflix really understood what it is we wanted to do. They're very open to directors that might not have that same opportunity in broadcast television. The notion of having all 13 episodes at one time, particularly in serialized storytelling, is very appealing.", "id": "9769227" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\n.\" Marvel Studios eventually decided that the character would be better served in a television series. In October 2013, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading", "id": "15072629" }, { "contents": "Jessica Jones (season 2)\n\n\nreviews from critics, who once again praised Ritter's performance and the series' female focus, but felt the season suffered from pacing issues and a lack of a compelling villain after Tennant's Kilgrave from season one. A third season of \"Jessica Jones\" was ordered on April 12, 2018. In January 2015, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos stated that \"Jessica Jones\" the series was \"eligible to go into multiple seasons for sure\" and Netflix would look at \"how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel", "id": "16984716" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\n's writers weaving together \"some great legends from Marvel present and past\" including what Quesada believed to be the most antagonists in a single season of a Marvel Netflix series. Buck likened \"Iron Fist\" to a mystery, saying, \"It's very much about how do you go about proving who you are when there's no way to do that, and that's not just the story, that's also the theme of it\". The season begins with Danny Rand returning to New York after having been missing", "id": "15071244" }, { "contents": "Jessica Jones (TV series)\n\n\n's A.K.A. Jessica Jones\". However, in June 2015, Marvel revealed that the title for the series would be shortened to \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\". On why the title was shortened, Loeb said, \"It literally just became one of those things that happens. We had talked about whether that was the best title for it, and that's how it happened.\" Rosenberg added that the \"AKA\" would still be seen in the name of each episode. In January 2016, Netflix ordered a second", "id": "5216723" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nHenigman, Cindy Holland, Alan Fine, Stan Lee, Joe Queseda, Dan Buckley, and Jim Chory also serve as executive producers. The series was originally intended to be the fourth of the announced series from Netflix, debuting after \"Marvel's Iron Fist\", but it was fast-tracked to be the third series, after Cage was introduced in \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\" and became a breakout star, with Marvel wanting to \"follow the momentum\". In December 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a", "id": "19033511" }, { "contents": "Legion (TV series)\n\n\nIt doesn't matter whether or not they're X-Men, Tony Stark, Matt Murdock or Peter Parker ... If you start at a place as strong as David's character is and you have a storyteller like Noah, then it's Marvel. In that way, it all connected.\" Loeb and Donner stated in January 2017 that there were no plans to have \"Legion\" be the first in a series of connected shows on FX, like Marvel Television's group of interconnected \"Defenders\" series on Netflix,", "id": "3436409" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nbecoming that series' breakout star and Marvel wanting to \"follow the momentum\". Also in March, Cheo Hodari Coker was announced as showrunner and executive producer of the series. A second season was ordered on December 3, 2016. Netflix canceled the series on October 19, 2018. The first season, which premiered on September 30, 2016, features references to \"The Avengers\", the second season of \"Daredevil\", the first season of \"Jessica Jones\", and a flier for Colleen Wing's martial", "id": "21354575" }, { "contents": "The Punisher (season 1)\n\n\nwere unable to plan content without knowing the release date, while fans anticipating the series would watch it \"whenever it appears\" regardless of when the date is announced. \"Polygon\"s Susana Polo felt Marvel and Netflix would announce the date at their scheduled New York Comic Con 2017 panel in October, as the convention had been used in previous years to reveal \"breaking fall Marvel/Netflix news\". It was soon reported that this was indeed the case, with Netflix planning a surprise \"drop\" release of the season after", "id": "14940076" }, { "contents": "Altered Carbon (TV series)\n\n\n's own—to get a new shot at life. Netflix ordered the series in January 2016, fifteen years after Laeta Kalogridis optioned the novel with the intent of making a feature film. According to Kalogridis, the complex nature of the novel and its R-rated material meant that it was a tough sell for studios before Netflix ordered the series. The show was one of a number of dramas ordered in short order by Netflix, which had committed to spending $5 billion on original content. Kalogridis wrote the script and", "id": "17369427" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (TV series)\n\n\nthat the series could be replaced with a film or a Punisher series. He explained that Marvel and Netflix deliberately held off on \"Iron Fist\" news until \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\" premiered so that series, revolving around a character largely unknown to the general audience, got the spotlight. Loeb promised that news on a showrunner would be coming, and Marvel announced that Scott Buck would serve in the role a month later. The series was originally intended to be the third of the announced series from Netflix, debuting after", "id": "18931233" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nDamage Control\" in hope it would air on ABC, while Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated that \"all the characters in the universe could also spin out\" into their own series at some point. Netflix vice president of original content Cindy Holland reiterated in July 2018 that there were always ongoing discussions regarding creating more spin-offs for characters in their Marvel series. That September, Loeb stated that he would like to make a Daughters of the Dragon series for Netflix, featuring Jessica Henwick and Simone Missick reprising their roles as Colleen", "id": "21354619" }, { "contents": "List of Jessica Jones characters\n\n\n\"Jessica Jones\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Melissa Rosenberg, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the second in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries. The series stars Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones, with Rachael Taylor, Eka Darville, and Carrie-Anne Moss also starring. They were joined by Mike Colter, Wil", "id": "12291672" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\nthe traditional colors of the Iron Fist, green and gold.\" Regarding Gao, Maslansky stated \"Her particular look is influenced by ancient China,\" particularly the Terracotta Army and further progresses the \"villainy\" look of the Marvel Netflix series of \"surround[ing] themselves with [money], with beautiful things.\" Marvel announced in February 2014 that the series would be filmed in New York City, with Quesada stating in April that the show would be filming on location in addition to sound stage work. Photography began in", "id": "15071254" }, { "contents": "List of Iron Fist characters\n\n\n\"Iron Fist\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Scott Buck, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the fourth in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries. The series stars Finn Jones as Danny Rand / Iron Fist, with Jessica Henwick, Tom Pelphrey, Jessica Stroup, and Sacha Dhawan also starring. They are joined by", "id": "15071337" }, { "contents": "List of Daredevil characters\n\n\n\"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries. The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio. Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis", "id": "17415064" }, { "contents": "List of Luke Cage characters\n\n\n\"Luke Cage\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Cheo Hodari Coker, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the third in a series of shows that connect with the crossover miniseries \"The Defenders\". Mike Colter stars as Luke Cage, a former convict with superhuman strength and unbreakable skin who now fights crime. Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, Rosario Dawson,", "id": "20666617" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\n\"Hawkeye\" will premiere in late 2021. With the release of the second season of \"Daredevil\", Brian Lowery of \"Variety\" felt the Netflix series \"have already leapfrogged ABC's forays into the Marvel universe in terms of their appeal, in part by tapping into the avid fan base that supports pay models and doesn't need to be spoon-fed plot points. In the process, they have demonstrated that it's possible to deliver a credible superhero show without a lot of pyrotechnics\". After the release", "id": "21354606" }, { "contents": "Jessica Jones (season 1)\n\n\n's noir tone, approach to sexuality, and coverage of darker topics such as rape, assault and posttraumatic stress disorder. The season was awarded a Peabody Award in the category of \"Entertainment and Children's programs\", and a Hugo Award for short form dramas. A second season of \"Jessica Jones\" was ordered on January 17, 2016. In October 2013, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke", "id": "16833226" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nmakes her reluctantly confront her past. In November 2013, Melissa Rosenberg was announced as the writer and executive producer of the series, and the following March, Loeb stated that filming would begin after \"Daredevil\". In December 2014, Krysten Ritter was cast as Jessica Jones in the series, officially titled \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\". A second season was ordered on January 17, 2016, and a third on April 12, 2018. Netflix canceled the series on February 18, 2019, ahead of the third season", "id": "21354571" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\nOctober 2013, \"Deadline\" reported that Marvel Television was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Iron Fist, Daredevil, Jessica Jones, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. In April 2015, the official title was revealed", "id": "15071242" }, { "contents": "House of Cards (American TV series)\n\n\nby Willimon. Netflix ordered 26 episodes to air over two seasons. Spacey called Netflix's model of publishing all episodes at once a \"new perspective.\" He added that Netflix's commitment to two full seasons gave the series greater continuity. \"We know exactly where we are going,\" he said. In a speech at the Edinburgh International Television Festival, he also noted that while other networks were interested in the show, they all wanted a pilot, whereas Netflix – relying solely on their statistics – ordered the series", "id": "6295866" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\ninvolved [as well.]\" Marvel Comics worked with Brad Winderbaum, Jeremy Latcham, and Will Corona Pilgrim at Marvel Studios to decide which concepts should be carried over from the Marvel Comics Universe to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, what to show in the tie-in comics, and what to leave for the films. Marvel has clarified which of the tie-in comics are considered official canonical MCU stories, with the rest merely inspired by the MCU, \"where we get to show off all the characters from the film", "id": "9769260" }, { "contents": "Netflix\n\n\nsecond, 40 times less than that of HD TV needs and compatible with mobile services worldwide. In May 2016, Netflix created a new tool called FAST to determine the speed of an Internet connection. A \"Netflix Original\" is content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed by Netflix exclusively on their services. Netflix funds their original shows differently than other TV networks when they sign a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series. In March 2011, Netflix began acquiring original content", "id": "9760335" }, { "contents": "Turk Barrett\n\n\nTurk Barrett is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted in stories featuring Daredevil, in which his inept schemes are played as comic relief. Barrett was a recurring character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Netflix shows, portrayed by Rob Morgan. Turk Barrett first appears in \"Daredevil\" (vol. 1) #69 (October 1970) and was created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Gene Colan. Turk was a small-time crook operating in Hell's Kitchen.", "id": "10924619" }, { "contents": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series\n\n\nDarkforce, which fuels Cloak's powers and was previously established in \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" and \"Agent Carter\", and makes reference to Tony Stark. The second season premiered on April 4, 2019. Both seasons also make direct references to the setting and characters of the Netflix shows \"Luke Cage\", \"Iron Fist\", and \"Daredevil\". By November 2017, Disney was developing a Marvel series specifically for release on its new streaming service Disney+, which it planned to launch before the end of 2019", "id": "21354596" }, { "contents": "List of Spider-Man enemies in other media\n\n\nin Raimi's canceled fourth film. Additionally, although the character has not appeared in a Marvel Cinematic Universe film yet, Vincent D'Onofrio portrays the Kingpin in the Netflix series \"Daredevil\", which is said to take place in the same universe as the films. A number of Spider-Man villains have made appearances in \"Spider-Man\" television series or other Marvel Comics related shows mostly in animation. Also, in \"Wolverine and the X-Men\", there was a character that closely resembles Shadrac. Here", "id": "515612" }, { "contents": "Runaways (TV series)\n\n\n. Executive producer Jeph Loeb felt \"it was an easy decision\" to have Hulu air the series over the other networks Marvel Television works with, because \"[w]e were very excited about the possibility of joining a network that was young and growing in the same way that when we went to Netflix when it was young and growing on the original side. It really feels like we're in the right place at the right time with the right show.\" Loeb and Marvel Television were also impressed by the success of Hulu", "id": "9374680" }, { "contents": "David Cross\n\n\ncampaign for the movie's general release which would then distribute the movie using a pay what you want methodology. In April 2015, episodes were ordered for a new sketch comedy show starring Cross and Odenkirk called \"W/ Bob & David\". It premiered in November 2015 on Netflix. Cross and Odenkirk write, star in, and produce the show. On the January 10, 2016, broadcast of the National Public Radio-syndicated quiz show \"Ask Me Another\", Cross appeared as a celebrity guest and performed well enough", "id": "5390557" }, { "contents": "Legion (season 1)\n\n\ntry and \"pad\" it out. Hawley first developed the idea of a series about Haller with Kinberg, after asking the question \"is there an interesting show in this genre, and is there a character in that show?\" He noted that series such as Marvel's Netflix shows and \"Preacher\" had not been released at that point. Hawley was specifically interested in exploring the character of David Haller because of his mental illness, and for the potential of the series to depict his unique mindset. He pitched the", "id": "19578452" }, { "contents": "Stick (comics)\n\n\nStick is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Stick appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Netflix television shows \"Daredevil\" and \"The Defenders\" played by Scott Glenn. He was the leader of a group called the Chaste. He trained a young Matt Murdock how to fight and protect himself. He occasionally drops in whenever he needs a favor from Matt. He trained a young Elektra how to fight as well. He tried to help Matt and the other Defenders fight the Hand. Stick first", "id": "15872637" }, { "contents": "Big Ben Donovan\n\n\nBig Ben Donovan is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was portrayed by Danny Johnson in the Netflix Marvel Cinematic Universe television shows. Big Ben Donovan first appeared in \"Luke Cage, Hero for Hire\" #14 and was created by Steve Engelhart and Billy Graham. Big Ben Donovan is a large man that is close to 8 ft. Mrs. Jenks hired him to settle the last of Mr. Jenks' affairs. When Mrs. Jenks would be giving Big Ben Donovan the payoff, he", "id": "17593078" }, { "contents": "Farscape\n\n\nfour were also available on the Netflix \"Watch Instantly\" service. , seasons one through four were no longer available on Netflix, as they unexpectedly did not renew. However, from 11 November 2013 through 5 November 2016, all four seasons were once again available for online streaming. The mini-series \"Farscape: The Peacekeeper Wars\" is also available from Netflix on DVD. The running order of the first half of the first season on Netflix is different than that of what was released on DVD. While there are", "id": "18013338" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (TV series)\n\n\nseason were released simultaneously, as opposed to a serialized format, to encourage binge-watching, a format which has been successful for other Netflix original series. Disney Consumer Products created a small line of products to cater to a more adult audience, given the show’s edgier tone. Paul Gitter, senior VP of Marvel Licensing for Disney Consumer Products explained that the focus would be more on teens and adults than very young people, with products at outlets like Hot Topic. Additionally, a Marvel Knights merchandise program was created to", "id": "18931247" }, { "contents": "Luke Cage (TV series)\n\n\nbeen successful for other Netflix original series. Disney Consumer Products created a small line of products to cater to a more adult audience, given the show's edgier tone. Paul Gitter, senior VP of Marvel Licensing for Disney Consumer Products explained that the focus would be more on teens and adults than very young people, with products at outlets like Hot Topic. Additionally, a Marvel Knights merchandise program was created to support the series, which creates new opportunities for individual product lines and collector focused products. Licensing partners wanted to pair", "id": "19033530" }, { "contents": "Iron Fist (season 1)\n\n\nMaslansky is the costume designer for \"Iron Fist\", after serving the same role for the previous Marvel Netflix series. Maslansky noted one of the differences with the season compared to the other Marvel Netflix series, was the neighborhoods it spent time in (\"the wealthier neighborhoods; Midtown, Upper East Side, that sort of thing\") compared to Hell's Kitchen for \"Daredevil\" and \"Jessica Jones\" and Harlem for \"Luke Cage\". As such, Rand wears more suits than the other heroes, and", "id": "15071251" }, { "contents": "Daredevil (TV series)\n\n\nNetflix said the three seasons would remain on the service, while the character would \"live on in future projects for Marvel\". \"Deadline Hollywood\" noted, that \"unlike \"Iron Fist\" or \"Luke Cage\", the door seems to be wide open\" for the series to continue elsewhere, potentially on Disney's streaming service, Disney+. However, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" felt this was unlikely, especially since, per the original deal between Marvel and Netflix for the series, the characters cannot appear", "id": "15072673" }, { "contents": "Marvel Cinematic Universe\n\n\n\"\" (2021). Marvel Television expanded the universe to network television with \"Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" on ABC in the 2013–14 television season, followed by online streaming with \"Marvel's Daredevil\" on Netflix in 2015 and \"Marvel's Runaways\" on Hulu in 2017, and then to cable television with \"Marvel's Cloak & Dagger\" on Freeform in 2018. Marvel Television also produced the digital series \"\". Soundtrack albums have been released for all the films and many of the television series, as", "id": "9769191" }, { "contents": "The Joel McHale Show with Joel McHale\n\n\npreviously worked on McHale's prior show, \"The Soup\". On May 11, 2018, it was reported that Netflix had ordered six additional episodes of the series, which were released simultaneously on July 15, 2018. On August 17, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had canceled the series, reportedly due to low viewership. On February 8, 2018, Netflix released the first official trailer for the series. The series has been met with a generally positive response from critics since it premiered. On the review", "id": "20119786" } ]