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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: UnicodeDecodeError
Message: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x81 in position 11: invalid start byte
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/text/text.py", line 85, in _generate_tables
batch = f.read(self.config.chunksize)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 1104, in read_with_retries
out = read(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/codecs.py", line 322, in decode
(result, consumed) = self._buffer_decode(data, self.errors, final)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x81 in position 11: invalid start byte
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1396, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1045, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
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URL: https://dubawa.org/10-photos-used-to-depict-obigbo-victims-are-from-osun-lagos-others |
10 Photos Used to Depict Obigbo Victims Are From Osun, Lagos, Others - Dubawa |
Publication Date:2020-11-28T16:00:31+01:00 |
Claim: A Facebook group shared 10 photographs, which it said were about the killing and brutalising of civilians in Obigbo, a community in Rivers State. |
False. The claim is not true as the pictures have been traced to incidents in other states as well as in a different country. |
Biafra Today, a group on Facebook that is “all about Biafra and latest news,” shared 10 pictures on Sunday, November 1, which it said were about extrajudicial killings in Obigbo (Oyigbo), a town in Rivers State. |
“Nigerian Military unleashing terror on innocent Obigbo civilians under the guise of fishing out IPOB [Indigenous People of Biafra] family members on the orders of #govwikethemurderer,” it captioned the post. |
“According to a report, hundreds have been killed and their bodies taken away as residents flee their homes while the media is silent on this massacre. We will never forget!!” |
The post was shared 835 times, liked by 283 Facebook users, and had 130 comments as of 1 pm on Friday. |
A study of the comments revealed that the vast majority of those who engaged with the post believed the pictures to be genuine. “Please send more proof, the UN [United Nations] must see this,” Lord Federal wrote, while another person criticised mainstream news outlets for being purveyors of fake news. |
Soldiers had in October invaded the Obigbo community to, according to the authorities, recover stolen weapons and capture criminals who killed six officials of the Nigerian Army. Their involvement has, however, been found to have led to the extrajudicial killing of unarmed residents. |
HumAngle ran reverse image searches on all 10 pictures and discovered that none of them was shot during the tragic event in Obigbo. |
The first picture, according to reverse image search results on TinEye, first appeared online when it was uploaded by Darak Online as far back as August 16, 2011. According to Getty Images, a supplier of stock images, the picture was taken by AFP photographer, Sia Kambou. It shows a soldier of the Republican Forces in Cote d’Ivoire (FRCI) “as he entered a house on April 27, 2011, in Abidjan during an attack against a militia group that helped drive former President Laurent Gbagbo from power”. |
“The Republican Forces moved into Abidjan’s northern Abobo district in an offensive to dislodge fighters of former coup-plotter Ibarhim Coulibaly, who claims to command a 5,000-strong force. Ivory Coast’s new President Alassane Ouattara has urged armed groups to lay down weapons or be disarmed by force, as his government, which took power after strongman Gbagbo’s April 11 arrest, exerts authority in the crisis-hit country,” the platform further explained. |
The same photo has, however, been used in relation to the Obigbo attack by other social media accounts, such as in this tweet by Oliver Ugochi, which has been shared over 500 times. |
The second picture appeared originally on the Internet on January 21, 2017, according to TinEye. Punch Newspaper, in a report published on the same day, said the picture was taken after a pro-Donald Trump rally by IPOB members in Port Harcourt, Rivers State capital, turned violent. |
The third, fourth, fifth, and ninth pictures were traced to the apprehension of people who allegedly looted shopping malls in Osun State on October 17. The arrests took place on October 25, with as many as 19 pictures circulating online. But then, the same set of four pictures was tweeted on November 1 by a handle called Biafra News, with the caption: “This is Obigbo, sporadic shooting, massive arrest, presently ongoing.” |
Pictures six and seven have not been published on the Internet for a long period. But while the former picture has been used in connection with the attacks in Obigbo since November 1, earlier posts like this one from October 27 stated that the picture was taken in Ilesha, Osun State. |
The seventh picture, according to an October 28 publication of Eons Intelligence, also shows officers of the Nigerian Air Force brutalising curfew defaulters in Ilesa. Later posts on social media, however, changed the context to fit into the Obigbo incident. |
A reverse image search revealed that the ninth picture shows people arrested and paraded in Lagos on the allegation that they rioted and stole during and following the End SARS demonstrations. The picture was released after the police command said it has arrested 520 suspected hoodlums. |
Finally, the tenth picture first appeared online on October 27. One of the first people to share it alongside other pictures was Uncle Anass on Twitter. “In Kaduna, it’s house to house operation in search of stolen palliatives by security operatives. Haba @elrufai,” he wrote in the caption, implying that the people seen lying on the ground were being probed by military personnel. |
The picture was then published on this blog the same day. |
None of the pictures was taken in Obigbo, Rivers State, during the raid by officials of the Nigerian military. Rather, they originated from other incidents in Port Harcourt, Osun, Lagos, Kaduna states, as well as Ivory Coast. |
The researcher produced this fact-check per the Dubawa 2020 Fellowship partnership with HumAngle to facilitate the ethos of “truth” in journalism and enhance media literacy in the country. |
Thank you for the good work you are doing to know the truth and expose lies. |
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Image URLs : |
URL: https://dubawa.org/2018-photograph-recycled-as-recent-military-attack-in-abia-state |
2018 photograph recycled as recent military attack in Abia State - Dubawa |
Publication Date:2021-06-08T11:51:22+01:00 |
Claim: Nigerian Army killed and dragged an Igbo man at Urata Junction in Aba, Abia State. |
The picture showing a man who was shot dead and was being dragged by the Nigerian Army is at least three years old. |
A Twitter user, Arinze Fidel (@ArinzeFidel3), on Sunday, May 30, 2020 claimed that a man was shot dead by the Nigerian Army at Urata junction, Aba in Abia State. |
His tweet was accompanied by a photograph and a caption, saying, “this guy was shoot dead this morning by Nigerian army at urata junction in Aba abia state.” |
Within 24 hours, this tweet has attracted over 1,700 retweets, more than 700 likes and over 80 comments. |
Another Twitter user on Monday morning, Dr.Penking (@drpenking), also shared the same photograph, claiming that the man was shot dead that morning. |
His tweet reads: “Shot dead this morning by officers of the Nigerian army at urata junction in Aba, Abia state. His crime? He is Igbo. No one would have known about these things if not for social media. That’s why they want to silence us. |
“They kill and then carry the body so that there will be no evidence.” |
These posts coincide with the issuance of a sit-at-home order by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPoB) in the five states of the South-East zone. |
IPoB, led by Nnamdi Kanu, had issued the no-movement directive to mark what it termed the Biafra Day, a reference to May 30, 1967, the day the General Yakubu Gowon-led Federal Government declared a full-blown war with the then Eastern Regional Government headed by the late Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, for declaring the section of the country an independent nation to be known as the Republic of Biafra. |
A Google Reverse Image Search of the image showed that the said photograph was used in a 2018 report by Igberetvnews. |
The online news platform published the photograph while reporting the death of a 25-year-old tailor during a sit-at-home order in 2018 that turned bloody. The incident was tagged with the headline: BiafraHeroesDay: Soldiers Kill 25 Year Boy Playing Football in Aba (Photos). |
Moments later, the medium published an updated version of the event with the headline BiafraDay: Soldiers Caught on Camera Dragging Man on the Ground in Aba After Shooting Him Dead. The updated version had more photographs from the event. |
Further checks by Dubawa revealed that the same photograph also appeared in a Nairaland post depicting the killing of the tailor on June 1, 2018. |
The claim in the tweet is misleading as the accompanying photograph is not recent. Although the image appears to have emanated from Aba in Abia State, evidence suggests that the photograph is from 2018. |
The researcher produced this fact-check per the Dubawa 2021 Kwame KariKari Fellowship partnership with The Nigerian Tribune to facilitate the ethos of “truth” in journalism and enhance media literacy in the country. |
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Image URLs : |
URL: https://dubawa.org/9-year-old-commercial-picture-not-showing-raisis-ill-fated-helicopter |
9-year-old commercial picture not showing Raisi’s ill-fated helicopter - Dubawa |
Publication Date:2024-05-22T09:13:45+01:00 |
Claim: There have been claims that the helicopter conveying Iranian President Raisi was struck by a space laser, leading to the sudden death of all passengers on board. |
Verdict: False. The picture shared by @DianaWallace888 has no connection with President Raisi’s fatal crash since the photo has been on the internet since 2015. The area’s weather conditions at the time of the accident do not support the deployment of laser weapons. |
Following Sunday’s fatal crash of a helicopter conveying Iranian President Ebrahimi Raisi and Monday’s arrest warrant application of the International Criminal Court Prosecutor Karim Khan against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, amidst hostilities between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a fellow Middle Eastern country, Israel. There have been insinuations about the possible causes of the air mishap. |
In April, there was heightened tension between the two regional rivals when Israel bombed an Iranian diplomatic building in Syria. In response to the attack in Syria, Iran sent hundreds of drones and missiles to Israel. Israel would later retaliate. Amidst these hostilities and mutual suspicion, many possible causes of the crash have been suggested. |
While there were reports of unfavourable weather conditions in the area when the crash occurred on Sunday afternoon (local time), this was evident in a trending video of the rescue mission posted by state-affiliated Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA), where the atmosphere was foggy. There are allegations that the Islamic country’s rivals attacked the helicopter. |
A user of X (formerly Twitter), @DianaWallace888, posted that the ill-fated helicopter was “shot out of the sky by a space laser!” She accompanied her texts with a picture of a helicopter on fire mid-air with a projectile hanging by its side. This tweet has garnered up to 3000 comments and over 11,200 reposts. The post was liked by over 57,700 users of X and viewed by over 13 million users of X across the world. |
In their reaction to the post, @1stepAndleeb said, “It’s Scary that the US has been showcasing this technology in Hollywood movies for decades. They don’t hide their intentions; we dismiss it as science fiction and conspiracy theories (sic).” |
Another X user, @Mrbiggyjoe, asked Wallace for evidence of her claim when he posted, “Hope you have evidence to back up this false claim of yours?” Another user, @DayoOjo, however, countered @Mrbiggyjoe, asking @Mrbiggyjoe for evidence to back his claim. One @valentina_sime_ said there was no way the US government didn’t have a hand in the accident. |
The controversy prompted DUBAWA to fact-check the alleged picture of the crash to determine if a space laser downed it. |
DUBAWA’s checks show this is not the first time the picture shared by Wallace has been linked to a helicopter crash. A fact-check by an Indian media outlet, India Today, showed that the same picture had previously been alleged to be that of a helicopter conveying pilgrims that crashed in Uttarakhand, a northern Indian state, in 2022. |
Further checks by DUBAWA revealed that the picture first surfaced online in March 2015 when iStockPhoto, an online licensed photo sales platform, uploaded it. |
Also, pictures of the ill-fated helicopter before the accident shared by IRNA showed that its tail was painted blue solely. However, the photo attached to Wallace’s tweet has blue and white colours on the helicopter’s tail. While the landing skids in IRNA’s picture also show white landing skids, @DianaWallace888’s shows black landing skids. |
Iain Boyd, a defense expert at the University of Colorado Boulder, United States, highlights the limitations of laser weapons. The weapons function less effectively in rain, fog, and smoke. Since it was foggy on Sunday in the area where the crash occurred, it was unlikely that a laser weapon would have been deployed. |
The claim that the helicopter conveying the Late President Ebrahim Raisi of Iran was attacked cannot be immediately confirmed as there is no sufficient evidence to prove it. The accompanying picture is, however, not from the Sunday incident since there is evidence of its existence since March 2015, more than nine years before Raisi’s unfortunate death. |
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