task_categories:audio-classification size_categories:1K<n<10K language:zh language:en license:mit music art arxiv:1910.09021 region:us
This database contains 1500 erhu audio clips (.wav format), all played by professional Erhu players. 
They are divided into 11 classes that are: split bow, pad bow, overtone, legato & glissando & slur, 
strike bow, plucked string, throw bow, staccato bow, tremolo, vibrato. For some playing techniques, 
there is more than one audio clip played in different dynamics. 
All the audio is acquired from the CTIS database presented above.
@dataset{zhaorui_liu_2021_5676893,
  author       = {Zhaorui Liu, Monan Zhou, Shenyang Xu and Zijin Li},
  title        = {{Music Data Sharing Platform for Computational Musicology Research (CCMUSIC DATASET)}},
  month        = nov,
  year         = 2021,
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = {1.1},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.5676893},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676893}
}
---
license: mit
task_categories:
- audio-classification
language:
- zh
- en
tags:
- music
- art
pretty_name: Erhu Playing Technique Database
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---

# Dataset Card for Erhu Playing Technique Database
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** <https://ccmusic-database.github.io>
- **Repository:** <https://huggingface.co/datasets/CCMUSIC/erhu_playing_tech>
- **Paper:** <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676893>
- **Leaderboard:** <https://ccmusic-database.github.io/team.html>
- **Point of Contact:** N/A

### Dataset Summary
This dataset is an audio dataset containing 927 audio clips recorded by China Conservatory of Music, each with a performance technique of erhu. It is a part of DCMI[1], which is a dataset of Chinese Musical Instruments. We divide all the recorded techniques into the following 11 categories according to  [2] [3] [4] [5]

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Erhu Playing Technique Classification

### Languages
Chinese, English

## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
.zip(.wav, .jpg)

### Data Fields
```
+ detache 分弓 (72)
  + forte (8)
  + medium (8)
  + piano (56)
+ diangong 垫弓 (28)
+ harmonic 泛音 (18)
  + natural 自然泛音 (6)
  + artificial 人工泛音 (12)
+ legato&slide&glissando 连弓&滑音&大滑音 (114)
  + glissando_down 大滑音 下行 (4)
  + glissando_up 大滑音 上行 (4)
  + huihuayin_down 下回滑音 (18)
  + huihuayin_long_down 后下回滑音 (12)
  + legato&slide_up 向上连弓 包含滑音 (24)
    + forte (8)
    + medium (8)
    + piano (8)
  + slide_dianzhi 垫指滑音 (4)
  + slide_down 向下滑音 (16)
  + slide_legato 连线滑音 (16)
  + slide_up 向上滑音 (16)
+ percussive 打击类音效 (21)
  + dajigong 大击弓 (11)
  + horse 马嘶 (2)
  + stick 敲击弓 (8)
+ pizzicato 拨弦 (96)
  + forte (30)
  + medium (29)
  + piano (30)
  + left 左手勾弦 (6)
+ ricochet 抛弓 (36)
+ staccato 顿弓 (141)
  + forte (47)
  + medium (46)
  + piano (48)
+ tremolo 颤弓 （144）
  + forte (48)
  + medium (48)
  + piano (48)
+ trill 颤音 (202)
  + long 长颤音 (141)
    + forte (46)
    + medium (47)
    + piano (48)
  + short 短颤音 (61)
    + down 下颤音 (30)
    + up 上颤音 (31)
+ vibrato 揉弦 (56)
  + late (13)
  + press 压揉 (6)
  + roll 滚揉 (28)
  + slide 滑揉 (9)
```

### Data Splits
train, validation, test

## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Lack of a dataset for Erhu playing tech

### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
Zhaorui Liu, Monan Zhou

#### Who are the source language producers?
Students from CCMUSIC

### Annotations
#### Annotation process
This dataset is an audio dataset containing 927 audio clips recorded by China Conservatory of Music, each with a performance technique of erhu.

#### Who are the annotators?
Students from CCMUSIC

### Personal and Sensitive Information
None

## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
Advancing the Digitization Process of Traditional Chinese Instruments

### Discussion of Biases
Only for Erhu

### Other Known Limitations
Not Specific Enough in Categorization

## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Zijin Li

### Evaluation
[Wang, Zehao et al. “Musical Instrument Playing Technique Detection Based on FCN: Using Chinese Bowed-Stringed Instrument as an Example.” ArXiv abs/1910.09021 (2019): n. pag.](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.09021.pdf)

### Licensing Information
```
MIT License

Copyright (c) CCMUSIC

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
```

### Citation Information
```
@dataset{zhaorui_liu_2021_5676893,
  author       = {Zhaorui Liu, Monan Zhou, Shenyang Xu and Zijin Li},
  title        = {CCMUSIC DATABASE: Music Data Sharing Platform for Computational Musicology Research},
  month        = {nov},
  year         = {2021},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = {1.1},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.5676893},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676893}
}
```

[1] Zijin Li, Xiaojing Liang, Jingyu Liu, Wei Li, Jiaxing Zhu, Baoqiang Han, DCMI: A Database of Chinese Musical Instruments, DLfM ’18, Sep 2018, Paris, France<br>
[2] [Chapter 9. Erhu of Bowed Stringed Instruments](https://www.atlasensemble.nl/assets/files/instruments/Erhu/Erhu%20by%20Samuel%20Wong%20Shengmiao.pdf)<br>
[3] 梁广程, 潘永璋. 乐器法手册（增订本）[M]. 人民音乐出版社, 1996.<br>
[4] [Erhu, info for composers](https://www.lantungmusic.com/erhu/for-composers)<br>
[5] 权吉浩, 中西乐器法 [M]. 人民音乐出版社, 2016.

### Contributions
Provide a dataset for Erhu playing tech