task_categories:question-answering annotations_creators:crowdsourced language_creators:found multilinguality:monolingual size_categories:100K<n<1M source_datasets:original language:en license:cc-by-sa-4.0 multi-hop arxiv:1809.09600 region:us
HotpotQA is a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key features:
(1) the questions require finding and reasoning over multiple supporting documents to answer;
(2) the questions are diverse and not constrained to any pre-existing knowledge bases or knowledge schemas;
(3) we provide sentence-level supporting facts required for reasoning, allowingQA systems to reason with strong supervisionand explain the predictions;
(4) we offer a new type of factoid comparison questions to testQA systems’ ability to extract relevant facts and perform necessary comparison.
@inproceedings{yang2018hotpotqa,
  title={{HotpotQA}: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering},
  author={Yang, Zhilin and Qi, Peng and Zhang, Saizheng and Bengio, Yoshua and Cohen, William W. and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Manning, Christopher D.},
  booktitle={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing ({EMNLP})},
  year={2018}
}
---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
language_creators:
- found
license:
- cc-by-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: HotpotQA
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: hotpotqa
tags:
- multi-hop
dataset_info:
- config_name: distractor
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: string
  - name: type
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  - name: supporting_facts
    sequence:
    - name: title
      dtype: string
    - name: sent_id
      dtype: int32
  - name: context
    sequence:
    - name: title
      dtype: string
    - name: sentences
      sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 552949315
    num_examples: 90447
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 45716111
    num_examples: 7405
  download_size: 612746344
  dataset_size: 598665426
- config_name: fullwiki
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: string
  - name: type
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  - name: supporting_facts
    sequence:
    - name: title
      dtype: string
    - name: sent_id
      dtype: int32
  - name: context
    sequence:
    - name: title
      dtype: string
    - name: sentences
      sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 552949315
    num_examples: 90447
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 46848601
    num_examples: 7405
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 46000102
    num_examples: 7405
  download_size: 660094672
  dataset_size: 645798018
---

# Dataset Card for "hotpot_qa"

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
  - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** [https://hotpotqa.github.io/](https://hotpotqa.github.io/)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/hotpotqa/hotpot
- **Paper:** [HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09600)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.27 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.24 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.52 GB

### Dataset Summary

HotpotQA is a new dataset with 113k  Wikipedia-based question-answer  pairs with  four  key  features:  (1)  the  questions  require finding and reasoning over multiple supporting  documents  to  answer;  (2)  the  questions  are  diverse  and  not  constrained  to  any pre-existing  knowledge  bases  or  knowledge schemas;  (3)  we  provide  sentence-level  supporting facts required for reasoning, allowingQA systems to reason with strong supervision and explain the predictions; (4) we offer a new type  of  factoid  comparison  questions  to  test QA  systems’  ability  to  extract  relevant  facts and perform necessary comparison.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Languages

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

#### distractor

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 612.75 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 598.66 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.21 GB

An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
{
    "answer": "This is the answer",
    "context": {
        "sentences": [["Sent 1"], ["Sent 21", "Sent 22"]],
        "title": ["Title1", "Title 2"]
    },
    "id": "000001",
    "level": "medium",
    "question": "What is the answer?",
    "supporting_facts": {
        "sent_id": [0, 1, 3],
        "title": ["Title of para 1", "Title of para 2", "Title of para 3"]
    },
    "type": "comparison"
}
```

#### fullwiki

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 660.10 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 645.80 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.31 GB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
    "answer": "This is the answer",
    "context": {
        "sentences": [["Sent 1"], ["Sent 2"]],
        "title": ["Title1", "Title 2"]
    },
    "id": "000001",
    "level": "hard",
    "question": "What is the answer?",
    "supporting_facts": {
        "sent_id": [0, 1, 3],
        "title": ["Title of para 1", "Title of para 2", "Title of para 3"]
    },
    "type": "bridge"
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

#### distractor
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `type`: a `string` feature.
- `level`: a `string` feature.
- `supporting_facts`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `title`: a `string` feature.
  - `sent_id`: a `int32` feature.
- `context`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `title`: a `string` feature.
  - `sentences`: a `list` of `string` features.

#### fullwiki
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `type`: a `string` feature.
- `level`: a `string` feature.
- `supporting_facts`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `title`: a `string` feature.
  - `sent_id`: a `int32` feature.
- `context`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `title`: a `string` feature.
  - `sentences`: a `list` of `string` features.

### Data Splits

#### distractor

|          |train|validation|
|----------|----:|---------:|
|distractor|90447|      7405|

#### fullwiki

|        |train|validation|test|
|--------|----:|---------:|---:|
|fullwiki|90447|      7405|7405|

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

HotpotQA is distributed under a [CC BY-SA 4.0 License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{yang2018hotpotqa,
  title={{HotpotQA}: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering},
  author={Yang, Zhilin and Qi, Peng and Zhang, Saizheng and Bengio, Yoshua and Cohen, William W. and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Manning, Christopher D.},
  booktitle={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing ({EMNLP})},
  year={2018}
}
```

### Contributions

Thanks to [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@ghomasHudson](https://github.com/ghomasHudson) for adding this dataset.