task_categories:question-answering task_ids:extractive-qa annotations_creators:crowdsourced language_creators:crowdsourced multilinguality:monolingual size_categories:1K<n<10K source_datasets:original language:ar license:mit region:us
 Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions      posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles.
@inproceedings{mozannar-etal-2019-neural,
    title = {Neural {A}rabic Question Answering},
    author = {Mozannar, Hussein  and Maamary, Elie  and El Hajal, Karl  and Hajj, Hazem},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop},
    month = {aug},
    year = {2019},
    address = {Florence, Italy},
    publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
    url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4612},
    doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-4612},
    pages = {108--118},
    abstract = {This paper tackles the problem of open domain factual Arabic question answering (QA) using Wikipedia as our knowledge source. This constrains the answer of any question to be a span of text in Wikipedia. Open domain QA for Arabic entails three challenges: annotated QA datasets in Arabic, large scale efficient information retrieval and machine reading comprehension. To deal with the lack of Arabic QA datasets we present the Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles, and a machine translation of the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (Arabic-SQuAD). Our system for open domain question answering in Arabic (SOQAL) is based on two components: (1) a document retriever using a hierarchical TF-IDF approach and (2) a neural reading comprehension model using the pre-trained bi-directional transformer BERT. Our experiments on ARCD indicate the effectiveness of our approach with our BERT-based reader achieving a 61.3 F1 score, and our open domain system SOQAL achieving a 27.6 F1 score.}
}
---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- ar
language_bcp47:
- ar-SA
license:
- mit
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- extractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: arcd
pretty_name: ARCD
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: title
    dtype: string
  - name: context
    dtype: string
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: answers
    sequence:
    - name: text
      dtype: string
    - name: answer_start
      dtype: int32
  config_name: plain_text
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 811064
    num_examples: 693
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 885648
    num_examples: 702
  download_size: 1942399
  dataset_size: 1696712
---

# Dataset Card for "arcd"

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
  - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/husseinmozannar/SOQAL/tree/master/data](https://github.com/husseinmozannar/SOQAL/tree/master/data)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.94 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.64 MB

### Dataset Summary

 Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions      posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Languages

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

#### plain_text

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.94 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.64 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:

{
    "answers": "{\"answer_start\": [34], \"text\": [\"صحابي من صحابة رسول الإسلام محمد، وعمُّه وأخوه من الرضاعة وأحد وزرائه الأربعة عشر،\"]}...",
    "context": "\"حمزة بن عبد المطلب الهاشمي القرشي صحابي من صحابة رسول الإسلام محمد، وعمُّه وأخوه من الرضاعة وأحد وزرائه الأربعة عشر، وهو خير أع...",
    "id": "621723207492",
    "question": "من هو حمزة بن عبد المطلب؟",
    "title": "حمزة بن عبد المطلب"
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

#### plain_text
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `text`: a `string` feature.
  - `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.

### Data Splits

| name       | train | validation |
| ---------- | ----: | ---------: |
| plain_text |   693 |        702 |

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{mozannar-etal-2019-neural,
    title = "Neural {A}rabic Question Answering",
    author = "Mozannar, Hussein  and
      Maamary, Elie  and
      El Hajal, Karl  and
      Hajj, Hazem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2019",
    address = "Florence, Italy",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4612",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/W19-4612",
    pages = "108--118",
    abstract = "This paper tackles the problem of open domain factual Arabic question answering (QA) using Wikipedia as our knowledge source. This constrains the answer of any question to be a span of text in Wikipedia. Open domain QA for Arabic entails three challenges: annotated QA datasets in Arabic, large scale efficient information retrieval and machine reading comprehension. To deal with the lack of Arabic QA datasets we present the Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles, and a machine translation of the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (Arabic-SQuAD). Our system for open domain question answering in Arabic (SOQAL) is based on two components: (1) a document retriever using a hierarchical TF-IDF approach and (2) a neural reading comprehension model using the pre-trained bi-directional transformer BERT. Our experiments on ARCD indicate the effectiveness of our approach with our BERT-based reader achieving a 61.3 F1 score, and our open domain system SOQAL achieving a 27.6 F1 score.",
}

```


### Contributions

Thanks to [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@tayciryahmed](https://github.com/tayciryahmed) for adding this dataset.