lmms-lab/MMBench_EN · Datasets at Hugging Face

index int64 1 3M	question stringclasses 382 values	hint stringclasses 98 values	A stringlengths 1 460	B stringlengths 1 460	C stringlengths 1 460	D stringlengths 1 460	answer stringclasses 4 values	category stringclasses 20 values	source stringclasses 569 values	l2-category stringclasses 6 values	comment stringclasses 180 values	split stringclasses 1 value
122	which of the following actions would be the least expected behavior for the woman in the rainy weather?	nan	She might sidestep to avoid stepping into a puddle.	She might walk more carefully to avoid slipping on the wet surfaces.	She might close the umbrella and start running in the rain.	She might move away from the road when a car is passing to avoid water splashing.	C	future_prediction	reasoning	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
124	Based on the image, what might be the primary reason the person in the picture is using a black umbrella?	nan	The person is using the black umbrella to protect themselves from the sun.	The person is using the black umbrella to shield themselves from the rain.	The person is using the black umbrella as a walking stick.	The person is using the black umbrella as a fashion accessory.	B	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
126	Based on the image, which aspect of the woman's appearance contributes most to the impression of playfulness?	nan	The woman's engaging smile adds a touch of playfulness to her appearance.	The green hair and goggles of the woman contribute most to her playful look.	The woman's tie adds a playful aspect to her look.	The woman's unconventional style makes her appear playful.	B	identity_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
133	Based on the image, what activity is likely being undertaken based on the items on the table?	nan	The person is organizing a bookshelf.	The person is setting up a study area.	The person is preparing to cook or create a dish following a recipe.	The person is arranging items for a photoshoot.	C	image_topic	reasoning	coarse_perception	nan	dev
134	Based on the image, how can fun and engaging toothbrush holders help children develop better dental health habits?	nan	They encourage children to take pictures in the bathroom mirror.	They make brushing teeth a more enjoyable and appealing activity for children.	They teach children how to properly hold toys and a giant toothbrush.	They provide children with unique and playful designs for their toothbrushes.	B	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
135	Based on the image, what potential issue could arise from having a cell phone placed close to a computer monitor?	nan	The cell phone might distract the user from their computer tasks.	The cell phone might cause interference with the computer monitor.	The cell phone might take up valuable desk space.	The cell phone might affect the computer's performance.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
137	Based on the image, what can be inferred from the missing slice of cake?	nan	The cake has been damaged.	The cake has been untouched.	The cake has been served and enjoyed by someone.	The cake is too large to be consumed.	C	physical_property_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
138	Based on the image, what can be inferred about the relationship between the people and the elephant?	nan	The people are afraid of the elephant and keeping a distance.	The people are observing the elephant from a safe distance.	The people are interacting with the elephant in a friendly and caring manner.	The people are trying to control the elephant's behavior.	C	social_relation	reasoning	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
139	Based on promoting a healthy balance between screen time and other activities, which strategy focuses on involving the child in family activities?	nan	Encourage outdoor play and physical activities.	Schedule screen time.	Introduce new hobbies.	Involve the child in family activities.	D	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
144	Based on the image, what activity can be inferred that the man is engaging in?	nan	The man is playing soccer in a park.	The man is flying a kite in a grass field.	The man is practicing yoga in a park.	The man is playing a casual game of catch with a frisbee.	D	image_topic	reasoning	coarse_perception	nan	dev
145	Based on the image, what makes Quick Stop Groceries stand out from other grocery stores?	nan	The store offers a wide variety of groceries and household items.	The store has a large selection of magazines in addition to groceries.	The store provides exclusive discounts and promotions.	The store focuses on organic and locally sourced products.	B	attribute_recognition	reasoning	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
146	Based on the image, what factors should the group of people with surfboards consider before participating in their beach activity?	nan	The group should consider the current weather conditions, the surf report, and their skill levels.	The group should bring extra towels and sunscreen for their beach activity.	The group should consider bringing snacks and drinks for their beach activity.	The group should consider the availability of parking spots near the beach.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
148	Based on the image, what is the primary focus of the scene?	nan	The adult and child are standing on a snowy surface, with the child wearing skis, indicating they are learning how to ski.	The adult and child are enjoying a walk in a snowy area.	The adult and child are participating in a snowball fight.	The adult and child are hiking in a mountainous region.	A	image_topic	reasoning	coarse_perception	nan	dev
149	Based on the image, what contributes to the clutter and disorganized appearance in the corner of the kitchen?	nan	The sink and dishwasher in the corner.	The presence of at least 10 wine glasses.	The presence of at least 8 cups.	The clean and tidy kitchen countertops.	B	attribute_recognition	reasoning	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
151	Based on the image, what are some health benefits of eating a meal like the one described?	nan	The meal provides a good source of protein for muscle growth and repair.	The meal supports a healthy immune system and proper digestion.	The meal is high in saturated fats, which can lead to cardiovascular issues.	The meal helps reduce blood pressure and prevent heart disease.	B	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
153	Based on the image, what does the interaction between the cat and the dog signify for their relationship?	nan	The interaction reflects a level of comfort, playfulness, and trust between the two animals.	The interaction suggests that the cat is dominating the dog.	The interaction indicates that the dog is afraid of the cat.	The interaction shows that the cat and the dog have a hostile relationship.	A	action_recognition	reasoning	finegrained_perception (cross-instance)	nan	dev
155	Based on the image, what considerations should be made for the well-being of the horse in the field?	nan	The horse should have access to high-quality forage or hay in addition to the grass.	The horse should be trained for riding purposes.	The horse should have a variety of toys for entertainment.	The horse should be kept in a small enclosure for safety.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
156	Based on the image, what might be the purpose of the metal structure built around the double-decker bus?	nan	The metal structure provides shelter and protection from the elements.	The metal structure is used as a unique venue or event space.	The metal structure enhances security around the bus.	The metal structure serves as temporary support during maintenance or renovation work.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
158	Based on the image, what is the likely purpose of the sign on the pizza?	nan	The sign on the pizza aims to provide nutritional information.	The sign on the pizza serves as a warning about potential allergies.	The sign on the pizza could be an advertisement for a pizza restaurant or a promotional pamphlet.	The sign on the pizza is a decoration with no specific purpose.	C	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
159	Based on the image, what emotions might the image of the older gentleman sitting on a bench evoke in viewers?	nan	The image might evoke feelings of nostalgia, relaxation, or contemplation for some viewers.	The image might evoke feelings of excitement and adventure.	The image might evoke feelings of fear and uncertainty.	The image might evoke feelings of anger and frustration.	A	identity_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
162	In the image, what does the handshake between the two men symbolize?	nan	The completion of a business deal or an important appointment.	The exchange of personal belongings.	The start of a friendly conversation.	The celebration of a personal achievement.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
164	Based on the image, what does the presence of two pizzas, three cups of drinks, and utensils suggest about the scene?	nan	The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks indicates a formal dinner party.	The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks suggests a casual gathering or a shared meal.	The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks implies a business meeting or conference.	The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks implies a cooking class or culinary workshop.	B	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
166	Before the man starts surfing, what is one important step he should take to ensure his safety?	nan	The man should check the weather conditions, surf forecast, and tides to ensure that it is safe to surf.	The man should bring his phone to take pictures while surfing.	The man should apply sunscreen to get a nice tan.	The man should wear fashionable surf gear to stand out.	A	future_prediction	reasoning	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
167	Based on the image, what is the significance of having two cakes on the table during the couple's celebration with their baby?	nan	Having two cakes allows for different cake flavors or designs for their guests.	Having two cakes signifies that the couple is celebrating multiple occasions or milestones.	Having two cakes indicates a preference for abundance and excess.	Having two cakes is a common practice in most celebrations of this nature.	B	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
168	An interesting feature of the clocks on this building is that they use Roman numerals to display the time. There are two such Roman numeral clocks on the tower of the old building. This adds a sense of history and architectural interest to the structure. Adding to its unique design, the tower is also adorned with a five-pointed star on top, giving it a distinctive appearance.	nan	The clocks on the building use Roman numerals to display the time.	The building has a unique design with Roman numeral clocks and a five-pointed star on top.	The clocks on the building are digital and display the time in Arabic numerals.	The building has a modern and minimalistic design with no distinctive features.	B	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
170	Based on the image, what can be inferred about the woman's fashion sense and style?	nan	The woman has a stylish and comfortable fashion sense, evident from her choice of clothing and posture.	The woman's outfit is not appropriate for outdoor settings.	The woman's fashion sense is outdated and not trendy.	The woman's fashion sense is focused solely on comfort, disregarding style.	A	identity_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
174	Based on the image, how is the woman in the picture protecting herself from the rain?	nan	The woman is holding a black umbrella to shield herself from the rain.	The woman is wearing a raincoat to protect herself from the rain.	The woman is standing under a roof to avoid the rain.	The woman is using a newspaper to cover her head from the rain.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
182	In the image, what does the skateboarder's jump off the city bench demonstrate?	nan	The skateboarder's lack of expertise and control.	The skateboarder's fearlessness and recklessness.	The skateboarder's impressive skill, balance, and control.	The skateboarder's interest in urban landscapes.	C	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
183	Based on the image, what is the purpose of the umbrella the person is using while walking in the rain?	nan	To shield themselves from the sun.	To add a stylish accessory to their outfit.	To protect their clothes and belongings from getting wet.	To use as a walking stick.	C	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
184	Based on the image, what does the contrast between the colorful blue skateboard and the person carrying it suggest?	nan	The person is using the skateboard as a mode of transportation.	The person carrying the skateboard has a preference for vibrant colors.	The person carrying the skateboard is a professional skateboarder.	The person carrying the skateboard is not interested in skateboarding.	B	identity_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
190	Based on the image, what do the large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops contribute to in the bathroom?	nan	The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops contribute to a comfortable and opulent experience.	The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops serve as decorative elements in the bathroom.	The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops are meant for functional purposes only.	The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops create a minimalistic and modern look in the bathroom.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
193	Based on the image, what is one of the potential purposes of this location?	nan	To serve as a historical site, museum exhibit, or cultural attraction.	To serve as a modern-day living space.	To serve as a restaurant with traditional cuisine.	To serve as a marketplace for antique furniture.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
196	Based on the image, what activities have the couple likely participated in recently?	nan	The couple has likely participated in skiing and snowboarding activities.	The couple has likely participated in ice skating and snowshoeing activities.	The couple has likely participated in beach volleyball and surfing activities.	The couple has likely participated in hiking and camping activities.	A	image_topic	reasoning	coarse_perception	nan	dev
197	Based on the image, what does the transportation infrastructure in London, including Big Ben and vehicles, represent?	nan	The transportation infrastructure showcases London's historical and modern elements.	The transportation infrastructure signifies the city's reliance on traditional modes of transportation.	The transportation infrastructure represents London's focus on futuristic transportation technologies.	The transportation infrastructure reflects London's disconnection from its historical roots.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
198	Based on the image, what does the man holding his small black dog wearing a hat indicate about their relationship?	nan	The man and his dog enjoy dressing up and taking photos together to create memories.	The man is training his dog to perform tricks.	The man is using his dog as a fashion accessory.	The man dislikes his dog and finds dressing it up amusing.	A	nature_relation	reasoning	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
199	Based on the image, what is one advantage of indoor skateboarding practice compared to outdoor skateboarding?	nan	Indoor skateboarding provides a controlled environment for focusing on specific tricks and stunts.	Indoor skateboarding allows for more opportunities to interact with pedestrians and traffic.	Indoor skateboarding facilities offer better lighting conditions for visibility.	Indoor skateboarding hinders the progress of skateboarders due to limited space.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
200	Based on the image, what are the benefits of the family flying a kite on a cloudy day?	nan	Engaging in this activity allows the family to spend quality time together and create memorable experiences.	The family can improve their math skills while flying a kite.	The family can learn about different cloud formations.	The family can strengthen their bond by watching a movie indoors.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
202	Based on the image, what is a potential reason for the nearly empty bowl?	nan	The person has eaten most of the oat cereal with a silver spoon, leaving only one spoonful of food left.	The person used the silver spoon as a decoration rather than for eating.	The person spilled most of the oat cereal from the bowl.	The person used the silver spoon to mix ingredients in the bowl.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
204	Based on the image, what do people at the beach find joy in despite the gloomy weather?	nan	Engaging in recreational activities like flying kites.	Relaxing and socializing with friends and family.	Observing the cloud-filled sky.	Seeking shelter from the gloomy weather.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
205	Based on the description, how are the people in the image engaging with the game?	nan	The group of people is physically engaging with the game by using Nintendo Wii controllers.	The group of people is physically engaging with the game by using traditional gaming controllers.	The group of people is engaging with the game by watching a screen passively.	The group of people is engaging with the game by playing a board game.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
209	Based on the image, what can be inferred about the event taking place in the conference room?	nan	The event is likely a formal gathering, such as a business meeting or an awards ceremony.	The event is likely a casual social gathering.	The event is likely a sports competition.	The event is likely a wedding ceremony.	A	image_topic	reasoning	coarse_perception	nan	dev
210	Based on the image, what does the contrast between the traditional monk garb and the use of a cell phone symbolize?	nan	The man is embracing modern technology while still adhering to traditional practices.	The man is disregarding his spiritual beliefs by using a cell phone.	The man is using the cell phone as a materialistic possession.	The man is abandoning traditional values in favor of modern communication.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
212	Based on the image, what is the likely purpose of the utility vehicle in this setting?	nan	The utility vehicle is likely being used for a safari tour or wildlife observation activity.	The utility vehicle is likely being used for transportation in a city.	The utility vehicle is likely being used for delivering goods.	The utility vehicle is likely being used for off-road racing.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
214	Based on the description, what distinguishes the refrigerator in the kitchen from modern ones?	nan	The refrigerator has a vintage design with white color and wood grain handles.	The refrigerator is larger and more spacious than modern ones.	The refrigerator is placed in an alcove next to a counter and pale walls.	The refrigerator has a digital display and advanced features.	A	attribute_recognition	reasoning	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
215	Based on the image, what atmosphere is suggested by the dining setup described in the description?	nan	The dining setup suggests a formal and elegant atmosphere.	The dining setup suggests a chaotic and disorganized atmosphere.	The dining setup suggests a warm, inviting, and casual atmosphere.	The dining setup suggests a professional and business-like atmosphere.	C	attribute_recognition	reasoning	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
216	Based on the image, what does the dog's behavior of jumping and playing Frisbee indicate about its well-being?	nan	The dog is participating in a professional Frisbee competition.	The dog is engaged in physical activity, promoting its health and well-being.	The dog is attempting to catch a bird in mid-air.	The dog is bored and looking for something to do.	B	attribute_recognition	reasoning	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
217	Based on the image, what significance might hugging the giant teddy bear hold for the boy?	nan	The boy finds comfort and companionship in the teddy bear.	The boy won the teddy bear at a carnival or a game.	The teddy bear is his favorite toy.	The boy feels a sense of accomplishment with the teddy bear.	A	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
221	What is the capital of North Carolina?	nan	Baton Rouge	Charlotte	Nashville	Raleigh	D	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
223	Which of these states is farthest east?	nan	Washington	Florida	New Hampshire	Tennessee	C	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
226	What is the capital of Alaska?	nan	Wichita	Fairbanks	Pierre	Juneau	D	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
228	What is the capital of Washington?	nan	Spokane	Seattle	Olympia	Denver	C	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
231	Which of these states is farthest south?	nan	South Carolina	Rhode Island	Kansas	Nevada	A	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
232	What is the capital of Kentucky?	nan	Portland	Lexington	Frankfort	Kansas City	C	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
233	What is the capital of Nebraska?	nan	Omaha	Lincoln	Wichita	Jefferson City	B	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
236	Which continent is highlighted?	nan	Africa	North America	Europe	Australia	D	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
239	Which of these states is farthest east?	nan	North Carolina	Colorado	Michigan	North Dakota	A	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
303	Select the chemical formula for this molecule.	nan	H4	P2H4	H3	PH3	D	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
322	What can Lacey and Felix trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Lacey and Felix open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Lacey nor Felix got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Lacey's lunch Felix's lunch	Felix can trade his almonds for Lacey's tomatoes.	Felix can trade his broccoli for Lacey's oranges.	Lacey can trade her tomatoes for Felix's carrots.	Lacey can trade her tomatoes for Felix's broccoli.	D	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
323	What can Jenny and Olivia trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Jenny and Olivia open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Jenny wanted broccoli in her lunch and Olivia was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	Jenny can trade her tomatoes for Olivia's broccoli.	Olivia can trade her broccoli for Jenny's oranges.	Jenny can trade her tomatoes for Olivia's sandwich.	Olivia can trade her almonds for Jenny's tomatoes.	A	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
325	What can Troy and Jason trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Troy and Jason open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Troy wanted broccoli in his lunch and Jason was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's broccoli.	Jason can trade his almonds for Troy's tomatoes.	Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's sandwich.	Jason can trade his broccoli for Troy's oranges.	A	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
329	What can Mackenzie and Zane trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Mackenzie and Zane open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Mackenzie wanted broccoli in her lunch and Zane was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	Mackenzie can trade her tomatoes for Zane's broccoli.	Zane can trade his broccoli for Mackenzie's oranges.	Zane can trade his almonds for Mackenzie's tomatoes.	Mackenzie can trade her tomatoes for Zane's sandwich.	A	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
330	What can Gordon and Roxanne trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Gordon and Roxanne open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Gordon wanted broccoli in his lunch and Roxanne was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	Gordon can trade his tomatoes for Roxanne's sandwich.	Gordon can trade his tomatoes for Roxanne's broccoli.	Roxanne can trade her almonds for Gordon's tomatoes.	Roxanne can trade her broccoli for Gordon's oranges.	B	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
334	What can Hazel and Xavier trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Hazel and Xavier open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Hazel nor Xavier got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Hazel's lunch Xavier's lunch	Hazel can trade her tomatoes for Xavier's broccoli.	Hazel can trade her tomatoes for Xavier's carrots.	Xavier can trade his broccoli for Hazel's oranges.	Xavier can trade his almonds for Hazel's tomatoes.	A	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
335	What can Austin and Victoria trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Austin and Victoria open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Austin nor Victoria got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Austin's lunch Victoria's lunch	Victoria can trade her almonds for Austin's tomatoes.	Austin can trade his tomatoes for Victoria's broccoli.	Austin can trade his tomatoes for Victoria's carrots.	Victoria can trade her broccoli for Austin's oranges.	B	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
337	What can Chloe and Justin trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Chloe and Justin open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Chloe nor Justin got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Chloe's lunch Justin's lunch	Justin can trade his broccoli for Chloe's oranges.	Chloe can trade her tomatoes for Justin's carrots.	Chloe can trade her tomatoes for Justin's broccoli.	Justin can trade his almonds for Chloe's tomatoes.	C	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
338	What can Dwayne and Madelyn trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Dwayne and Madelyn open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Dwayne nor Madelyn got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Dwayne's lunch Madelyn's lunch	Dwayne can trade his tomatoes for Madelyn's broccoli.	Madelyn can trade her almonds for Dwayne's tomatoes.	Madelyn can trade her broccoli for Dwayne's oranges.	Dwayne can trade his tomatoes for Madelyn's carrots.	A	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
339	What can Abdul and Elise trade to each get what they want?	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Abdul and Elise open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Abdul nor Elise got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Abdul's lunch Elise's lunch	Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's carrots.	Elise can trade her broccoli for Abdul's oranges.	Elise can trade her almonds for Abdul's tomatoes.	Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's broccoli.	D	physical_relation	scienceqa	relation_reasoning	nan	dev
345	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Virginia	Michigan	Kentucky	Maryland	A	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
346	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	New Hampshire	Connecticut	New York	Rhode Island	D	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
348	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Maryland	North Carolina	Georgia	South Carolina	B	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
349	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Illinois	West Virginia	Massachusetts	Ohio	C	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
352	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Pennsylvania	New Jersey	New York	New Hampshire	A	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
353	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Alabama	Connecticut	Vermont	New Hampshire	D	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
356	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Rhode Island	Massachusetts	Vermont	Connecticut	B	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
359	What is the name of the colony shown?	nan	Rhode Island	Ohio	New Hampshire	Vermont	C	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
382	Based on the text, which of the following things made the passenger pigeon migration a special event?	Read the text about passenger pigeons. Imagine the year 1800. The sky roars with a great clamor, like the sound of a thousand trains. The daytime sky becomes dark as sunlight is blotted out. Is it a terrible thunderstorm? No, it's actually a flock of thousands of passenger pigeons zooming overhead! Hundreds of years ago, there were three to five billion passenger pigeons in America, and the incredible sight of a flock's flight was a regular event. Sadly, passenger pigeons are extinct. None are left today. Passenger pigeons were a migratory bird. Migratory birds move about from season to season searching for places to nest and feed. The passenger pigeon migration ranged from Canada all the way to Texas and Florida. During a migration, thousands of birds would fly together from morning to night for several days. People reported seeing flocks as large as a mile wide! The migrations took place in spring and fall, when warmer weather brought forests to life with fresh food sources like nuts, seeds, berries, and insects. At first, it seemed as though passenger pigeons were an endless supply of tasty meat. When a massive flock passed by, hunters could easily catch a few passenger pigeons without affecting the others. But later, hunters would travel to find nesting sites. A passenger pigeon nesting site might contain over one million birds. The birds usually nested close together, and hunters found them to be easy targets. Eventually this overhunting destroyed the pigeon population. The last known passenger pigeon in the world died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in 1914. The pigeon, named Martha, was twenty-nine years old. Although the extinction of the passenger pigeon is a terrible loss, it did have one happy result: it pushed people to create wildlife protection laws to protect other creatures from a similar fate.	The migration caused warmer weather and forest growth.	Only people in Florida and Texas could see the migration.	The migration only happened every one hundred years.	The sun was blocked out by huge flocks of birds.	D	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
386	Based on the text, why are blue dragons dangerous?	Read the text about the blue dragon. Do dragons exist? Believe it or not, the oceans contain a lizard-like creature called the blue glaucus or blue dragon. However, these "dragons" are not the fire-breathing beasts of fantasy. In fact, they are only about an inch long. Blue dragons are a type of sea slug. Although these slugs are cuter than legendary dragons, you shouldn't let their squishy bodies fool you. These tiny creatures can be dangerous! Blue dragons eat poisonous sea creatures, such as Portuguese man-of-wars. The blue dragons store their prey's venom in their many "fingers." They can then use that stored poison to defend themselves. So, never touch a blue dragon‚Äîunless you want to get a painful and possibly serious sting. Blue dragons have another way to stay safe from predators. They float on their backs so their bright blue bellies point upward. The blue blends in with the water, making it hard for predators flying overhead to see them. And predators swimming below will have trouble spotting the dragons' gray backs. The light color blends with the sunlight shining down through the water. This two-color effect is called countershading, and it's a good way to avoid getting eaten! You might see blue dragons washed up on some beaches, but they usually drift on warm surfaces of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. An air bubble in their stomach allows them to float for long periods of time. It is difficult for scientists to find these tiny creatures in the vast oceans. So, there is still much we don't know about them. What we do know, though, is that these beautiful dragons are full of surprising traits.	Their strong fingers squeeze prey.	They have razor-sharp teeth and sharp fingers.	They use weapons to catch food.	Their sting is painful and can harm humans.	D	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
394	Which sentence correctly describes capybaras?	Read the text about capybaras. What animal looks like a guinea pig and a hippopotamus? The world's largest rodent, the capybara! Also called capys, these animals enjoy being in wetlands and rain forest waters. They are strong swimmers that wade in mud to keep cool. Like guinea pigs, capys have short legs and chubby bodies with shaggy fur. Much like hippos, capys have their eyes, ears, and nostrils located high on their heads. This helps them check out their surroundings while staying mostly underwater. Staying out of sight is important when you're the favorite food of jaguars and snakes! Luckily, capybaras can hide underwater for five minutes at a time. Plus, their webbed toes help them paddle fast. Capybaras live in Central and South America, usually in groups of between ten and forty. They eat plants like grass, reeds, grains, melons, and squash. They eat a lot of tough plants that are rich in fiber. To help break the plants down, capybaras have long teeth that chew side to side. They also have special bacteria in their guts that help break down fiber. Though capybaras are happiest in the wild, they are easily trained. Zookeepers have taught these gentle rodents to walk onto scales to be weighed, go into crates, and sit still for physical exams. How do they do it? Food treats and belly rubs are fun rewards. Capybaras are so quick to learn that one was once used as a guide animal for a blind man in Suriname. The capybara population is mostly stable, but capys are still threatened by deforestation. When large areas of trees are cleared, it reduces the capybaras' shelter. But now, people are starting to limit the number of trees people can cut in rain forests. This is good news for capybaras, as their home is being protected.	They are shy animals that usually hide in tall grass.	They are wild guinea pigs that live in mountain forests.	They are the closest relatives of the hippopotamus.	They are large rodents that are powerful swimmers.	D	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev
456	After the Akkadian Empire ended, many cities and empires tried to control Mesopotamia. Around the 1790s BCE, which empire started controlling Mesopotamia?	Look at the table. Then answer the question below.	the Babylonian Empire	the Neo-Sumerian Empire	the Akkadian Empire	the Elamite Empire	A	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
457	Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?	Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.	My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.	All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.	I live by myself in the wilderness.	I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.	A	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
459	Which letter marks the territory controlled by the ancient Maya civilization?	The following map shows the locations of several ancient civilizations in North and South America. Look at the map. Then answer the question below.	B	C	A	D	B	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
461	After the Akkadian Empire ended, many cities and empires tried to control Mesopotamia. Around the 1790s BCE, which empire started controlling Mesopotamia?	Look at the table. Then answer the question below.	the Elamite Empire	the Babylonian Empire	the Akkadian Empire	the Neo-Sumerian Empire	B	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
462	What label shows the territory of Macedonia?	Throughout the following questions, you will learn about a man who became known as Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great created the Macedonian Empire in the late 300s BCE. Before it was an empire, Macedonia was a kingdom in southern Europe. Macedonia bordered ancient Greece and was located along the Aegean (ah-GEE-an) Sea. Select the kingdom of Macedonia on the map.	D	B	A	C	D	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
463	Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?	Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.	My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.	I live by myself in the wilderness.	All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.	I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.	A	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
465	How many years passed between the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and the beginning of World War II in Europe?	Look at the timeline. Then answer the question.	35 years	20 years	15 years	23 years	B	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
466	Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?	Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.	I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.	All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.	My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.	I live by myself in the wilderness.	C	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
469	Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?	Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.	My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.	All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.	I live by myself in the wilderness.	I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.	A	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
474	Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?	Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.	I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.	My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.	All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.	I live by myself in the wilderness.	B	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
490	An international organization is made up of members from () who ().	Look at the phrase "international organization." Then complete the text below. Use the information above to complete the sentence.	different countries . . . declare war on other countries	different countries . . . work together for a shared purpose	the same country . . . work together for a shared purpose	the same country . . . declare war on other countries	B	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
491	Which area on the map shows China?	China is the largest country in East Asia. The official name of China is the People's Republic of China. China's eastern coast borders the Pacific Ocean, and its southwestern region borders the Himalayan Mountains. Look at the map. Then answer the question below.	B	C	D	A	A	spatial_relationship	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (cross-instance)	nan	dev
494	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	if anyone has super mario maker 2, make sure to stop by my account and play a few of my levels. most of these levels are from 4-1 years ago, tho, i do have a super world in the works!	2017年10月27日発売のNintendo Switchソフト『スーパーマリオオデッセイ』の公式アカウントです。3Dマリオ最新作『スーパーマリオオデッセイ』に関するゲーム情報やお知らせをディレクターの元倉がお伝えします。 ※ご質問・お問い合わせにはお答えしておりませんのでご容赦ください。	happy tears of the kingdom day!! #kirby #zelda	See You In July - Kirby Gamble Galaxy Stories #Kirby #Nintendo #Gamedev #GameDesign #カービィ #星のカービィ #Fangame #Fanart #IndieDev #GameMaker #gamedevelopment #Fanart	A	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	socialmedia	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
496	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	CROWN EM’ 👑 3-seed @Utah_Softball defeats 1-seed UCLA to win the first-ever #Pac12SB Tourney Title!	Admitted Transfer Students - New Student Academic Programs (NSAP) is here to help you prepare for the academic transition into UCLA. We look forward to meeting you, setting you up for a successful academic journey, and welcoming you to UCLA! Visit https://newstudents.ucla.edu	Congrats Erich Osteen! He decided to play football at UCLA. About to sign UCLA's offer letter.	WHAT. AN. ENDING. 😱😱😱 No. 3 @FSU_Softball scores the game winning run in the bottom of the seventh inning on a bloop single to defeat No. 9 Duke, 2-1, and win the @ACCsoftball AQ! #NCAASoftball x 🎥 ESPN2	A	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	socialmedia	logic_reasoning	nan	dev
498	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	Jing’an Temple👇 in the heart of Shanghai. First built in 247 CE along the north shore of the river that runs through modern Shanghai, the temple was moved to its current location in 1216 due to fears of floods. I like the beauty of its fusion of tradition and modernity.🤔	Cat theme street in Shanghai.🐱🐱🐱	Alan Mcdonald. The Temple of Reason,2020,oil.	Congress supporters celebrating #KarnatakaElectionResults by waving Muzlim flags in front of the sacred Marikamaba Temple in Sirsi. They provoke first like this and later whine Hindutvα tεrror, oppression, fαscism when Hindus show them the mirror!	A	celebrity_recognition	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
500	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	Located in Bome County, Nyingchi City, Tibet of China, the Yigong Iron Mountain is always surrounded by clouds and mist during summer.	夏天所有季节中最闪耀的季节阳光明媚，万物清明泰山向人们展现的初夏之景处处充满着诗情画意	Giant logs and stripped trees on Rialto Beach in the Olympic National Park. #beach #wawx #blackandwhite @yourtake	Madison Falls in Olympic National Park, WA [OC] [3024x4032] #nature	A	celebrity_recognition	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
503	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	I painted a picture of sushi. It's a colorful and tasty scene.	look at this cute toy sushi set 🥹	St. Louis Sushi (ham wrapped around cream cheese and a pickle)	Perfect Sushi Cake with Fresh Salmon and Avocado A sushi cake is a unique twist on traditional sushi that is perfect for special occasions or a fun meal with friends and family. #SushiCake #salmonavocado #avocado #avocadotoast #cake #recipe #dinner #food #FoodieBeauty	A	image_style	socialmedia	coarse_perception	nan	dev
505	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	Kung Fu panda 4 sera el final de Po🐼 👉https://youtube.com/shorts/UhqNHi5Yxqk?feature=share… 👈#kunfupanda #movienews #guerrerodragon	Sunday is funday. Let's play some poker. #ZPC #ZenPandaCoin	hotpot pandas 🐼❤️‍🔥	I asked Midjourney for pandas rolling down the mountain... Instead, I got this! 🐼🗻🥦 Seems it's doing better with pandas, than with cats! 👏 Prompt -> ALT. #pandas #surrealart #surreal #ArtificialIntelligence #MidjourneyAI #AIart #AIArtwork	A	ocr	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
506	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	Morning: Memeland Evening: Jay Chou 7 sold out nights in #hongkong #JayChou	We will be streaming our Mayday [ Live In the Sky ] online concert tomorrow night: http://bit.ly/YTBinMusic . We go on at 20:00 (GMT+8) May 31st. See you online then.	my little airport 🫶🏼	Run to Victoria Harbor at night😅	A	celebrity_recognition	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
507	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	19 years ago today, may 6, 2004, the last episode of friends was broadcasted live in times square	The Time Square demonstration is a spillover from the nationwide protests in Pakistan sparked by the arrest of former Prime Minister Imran Khan	I’m so happyyyy #Jay_TimesSquare	If you have time, lets watch the ad together! I think the ad will look good too! Actually there are 2 giant screens , but sad that we dont have fans to help us to take recording in time square @_@ Actually the ad is very nice, I may try to buy him the same LED ad again.	A	celebrity_recognition	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev
508	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	AAL107 from LHR -> JFK is currently Diverting to Dublin Airport. The reason is currently unknown but ill post when I get the Info. #AA107 #AAL107 #DublinAirport #ireland #diversion #aviation	⚡️🇸🇪Updated top of the countries by the number of wins in the Eurovision Song Contest! #eurovision #sweden #ireland	Fantasy vs. reality If you come to Ireland, you will not receive the free house that Roderic O'Gorman promised you. You will live in a tent on the street. Can someone translate this tweet into eight different languages for me, please? #Ireland #IrelandisFull	Flying a real life Cessna 172 vs a #VRChat Cessna 172! Let’s see how it goes… #AvGeek #Aviation	A	spatial_relationship	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (cross-instance)	nan	dev
510	Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter	nan	#BSFInterceptsPakDrone #Punjab #Amritsar Smuggling attempt with drone was foiled by #BSF on Amritsar border. When Pak drone crossed border at night, alert BSF troops intercepted it with firing & brought it down. Later during search, DJI Matrices 300 Chinese drone was recovered.	Capture magic in action with the all-new Insta360 X3 ✨ The ultimate 360 action cam is available now http://bit.ly/X3_tw	Helicopters spray chemicals over homes	New the walking dead summit rick and michonne footage of crm helicopters 😳😳	A	object_localization	socialmedia	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev

122

which of the following actions would be the least expected behavior for the woman in the rainy weather?

nan

She might sidestep to avoid stepping into a puddle.

She might walk more carefully to avoid slipping on the wet surfaces.

She might close the umbrella and start running in the rain.

She might move away from the road when a car is passing to avoid water splashing.

C

future_prediction

reasoning

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

124

Based on the image, what might be the primary reason the person in the picture is using a black umbrella?

nan

The person is using the black umbrella to protect themselves from the sun.

The person is using the black umbrella to shield themselves from the rain.

The person is using the black umbrella as a walking stick.

The person is using the black umbrella as a fashion accessory.

B

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

126

Based on the image, which aspect of the woman's appearance contributes most to the impression of playfulness?

nan

The woman's engaging smile adds a touch of playfulness to her appearance.

The green hair and goggles of the woman contribute most to her playful look.

The woman's tie adds a playful aspect to her look.

The woman's unconventional style makes her appear playful.

B

identity_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

133

Based on the image, what activity is likely being undertaken based on the items on the table?

nan

The person is organizing a bookshelf.

The person is setting up a study area.

The person is preparing to cook or create a dish following a recipe.

The person is arranging items for a photoshoot.

C

image_topic

reasoning

coarse_perception

nan

dev

134

Based on the image, how can fun and engaging toothbrush holders help children develop better dental health habits?

nan

They encourage children to take pictures in the bathroom mirror.

They make brushing teeth a more enjoyable and appealing activity for children.

They teach children how to properly hold toys and a giant toothbrush.

They provide children with unique and playful designs for their toothbrushes.

B

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

135

Based on the image, what potential issue could arise from having a cell phone placed close to a computer monitor?

nan

The cell phone might distract the user from their computer tasks.

The cell phone might cause interference with the computer monitor.

The cell phone might take up valuable desk space.

The cell phone might affect the computer's performance.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

137

Based on the image, what can be inferred from the missing slice of cake?

nan

The cake has been damaged.

The cake has been untouched.

The cake has been served and enjoyed by someone.

The cake is too large to be consumed.

C

physical_property_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

138

Based on the image, what can be inferred about the relationship between the people and the elephant?

nan

The people are afraid of the elephant and keeping a distance.

The people are observing the elephant from a safe distance.

The people are interacting with the elephant in a friendly and caring manner.

The people are trying to control the elephant's behavior.

C

social_relation

reasoning

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

139

Based on promoting a healthy balance between screen time and other activities, which strategy focuses on involving the child in family activities?

nan

Encourage outdoor play and physical activities.

Schedule screen time.

Introduce new hobbies.

Involve the child in family activities.

D

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

144

Based on the image, what activity can be inferred that the man is engaging in?

nan

The man is playing soccer in a park.

The man is flying a kite in a grass field.

The man is practicing yoga in a park.

The man is playing a casual game of catch with a frisbee.

D

image_topic

reasoning

coarse_perception

nan

dev

145

Based on the image, what makes Quick Stop Groceries stand out from other grocery stores?

nan

The store offers a wide variety of groceries and household items.

The store has a large selection of magazines in addition to groceries.

The store provides exclusive discounts and promotions.

The store focuses on organic and locally sourced products.

B

attribute_recognition

reasoning

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

146

Based on the image, what factors should the group of people with surfboards consider before participating in their beach activity?

nan

The group should consider the current weather conditions, the surf report, and their skill levels.

The group should bring extra towels and sunscreen for their beach activity.

The group should consider bringing snacks and drinks for their beach activity.

The group should consider the availability of parking spots near the beach.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

148

Based on the image, what is the primary focus of the scene?

nan

The adult and child are standing on a snowy surface, with the child wearing skis, indicating they are learning how to ski.

The adult and child are enjoying a walk in a snowy area.

The adult and child are participating in a snowball fight.

The adult and child are hiking in a mountainous region.

A

image_topic

reasoning

coarse_perception

nan

dev

149

Based on the image, what contributes to the clutter and disorganized appearance in the corner of the kitchen?

nan

The sink and dishwasher in the corner.

The presence of at least 10 wine glasses.

The presence of at least 8 cups.

The clean and tidy kitchen countertops.

B

attribute_recognition

reasoning

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

151

Based on the image, what are some health benefits of eating a meal like the one described?

nan

The meal provides a good source of protein for muscle growth and repair.

The meal supports a healthy immune system and proper digestion.

The meal is high in saturated fats, which can lead to cardiovascular issues.

The meal helps reduce blood pressure and prevent heart disease.

B

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

153

Based on the image, what does the interaction between the cat and the dog signify for their relationship?

nan

The interaction reflects a level of comfort, playfulness, and trust between the two animals.

The interaction suggests that the cat is dominating the dog.

The interaction indicates that the dog is afraid of the cat.

The interaction shows that the cat and the dog have a hostile relationship.

A

action_recognition

reasoning

finegrained_perception (cross-instance)

nan

dev

155

Based on the image, what considerations should be made for the well-being of the horse in the field?

nan

The horse should have access to high-quality forage or hay in addition to the grass.

The horse should be trained for riding purposes.

The horse should have a variety of toys for entertainment.

The horse should be kept in a small enclosure for safety.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

156

Based on the image, what might be the purpose of the metal structure built around the double-decker bus?

nan

The metal structure provides shelter and protection from the elements.

The metal structure is used as a unique venue or event space.

The metal structure enhances security around the bus.

The metal structure serves as temporary support during maintenance or renovation work.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

158

Based on the image, what is the likely purpose of the sign on the pizza?

nan

The sign on the pizza aims to provide nutritional information.

The sign on the pizza serves as a warning about potential allergies.

The sign on the pizza could be an advertisement for a pizza restaurant or a promotional pamphlet.

The sign on the pizza is a decoration with no specific purpose.

C

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

159

Based on the image, what emotions might the image of the older gentleman sitting on a bench evoke in viewers?

nan

The image might evoke feelings of nostalgia, relaxation, or contemplation for some viewers.

The image might evoke feelings of excitement and adventure.

The image might evoke feelings of fear and uncertainty.

The image might evoke feelings of anger and frustration.

A

identity_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

162

In the image, what does the handshake between the two men symbolize?

nan

The completion of a business deal or an important appointment.

The exchange of personal belongings.

The start of a friendly conversation.

The celebration of a personal achievement.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

164

Based on the image, what does the presence of two pizzas, three cups of drinks, and utensils suggest about the scene?

nan

The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks indicates a formal dinner party.

The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks suggests a casual gathering or a shared meal.

The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks implies a business meeting or conference.

The presence of two pizzas and three cups of drinks implies a cooking class or culinary workshop.

B

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

166

Before the man starts surfing, what is one important step he should take to ensure his safety?

nan

The man should check the weather conditions, surf forecast, and tides to ensure that it is safe to surf.

The man should bring his phone to take pictures while surfing.

The man should apply sunscreen to get a nice tan.

The man should wear fashionable surf gear to stand out.

A

future_prediction

reasoning

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

167

Based on the image, what is the significance of having two cakes on the table during the couple's celebration with their baby?

nan

Having two cakes allows for different cake flavors or designs for their guests.

Having two cakes signifies that the couple is celebrating multiple occasions or milestones.

Having two cakes indicates a preference for abundance and excess.

Having two cakes is a common practice in most celebrations of this nature.

B

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

168

An interesting feature of the clocks on this building is that they use Roman numerals to display the time. There are two such Roman numeral clocks on the tower of the old building. This adds a sense of history and architectural interest to the structure. Adding to its unique design, the tower is also adorned with a five-pointed star on top, giving it a distinctive appearance.

nan

The clocks on the building use Roman numerals to display the time.

The building has a unique design with Roman numeral clocks and a five-pointed star on top.

The clocks on the building are digital and display the time in Arabic numerals.

The building has a modern and minimalistic design with no distinctive features.

B

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

170

Based on the image, what can be inferred about the woman's fashion sense and style?

nan

The woman has a stylish and comfortable fashion sense, evident from her choice of clothing and posture.

The woman's outfit is not appropriate for outdoor settings.

The woman's fashion sense is outdated and not trendy.

The woman's fashion sense is focused solely on comfort, disregarding style.

A

identity_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

174

Based on the image, how is the woman in the picture protecting herself from the rain?

nan

The woman is holding a black umbrella to shield herself from the rain.

The woman is wearing a raincoat to protect herself from the rain.

The woman is standing under a roof to avoid the rain.

The woman is using a newspaper to cover her head from the rain.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

182

In the image, what does the skateboarder's jump off the city bench demonstrate?

nan

The skateboarder's lack of expertise and control.

The skateboarder's fearlessness and recklessness.

The skateboarder's impressive skill, balance, and control.

The skateboarder's interest in urban landscapes.

C

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

183

Based on the image, what is the purpose of the umbrella the person is using while walking in the rain?

nan

To shield themselves from the sun.

To add a stylish accessory to their outfit.

To protect their clothes and belongings from getting wet.

To use as a walking stick.

C

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

184

Based on the image, what does the contrast between the colorful blue skateboard and the person carrying it suggest?

nan

The person is using the skateboard as a mode of transportation.

The person carrying the skateboard has a preference for vibrant colors.

The person carrying the skateboard is a professional skateboarder.

The person carrying the skateboard is not interested in skateboarding.

B

identity_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

190

Based on the image, what do the large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops contribute to in the bathroom?

nan

The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops contribute to a comfortable and opulent experience.

The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops serve as decorative elements in the bathroom.

The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops are meant for functional purposes only.

The large Jacuzzi tub and marble countertops create a minimalistic and modern look in the bathroom.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

193

Based on the image, what is one of the potential purposes of this location?

nan

To serve as a historical site, museum exhibit, or cultural attraction.

To serve as a modern-day living space.

To serve as a restaurant with traditional cuisine.

To serve as a marketplace for antique furniture.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

196

Based on the image, what activities have the couple likely participated in recently?

nan

The couple has likely participated in skiing and snowboarding activities.

The couple has likely participated in ice skating and snowshoeing activities.

The couple has likely participated in beach volleyball and surfing activities.

The couple has likely participated in hiking and camping activities.

A

image_topic

reasoning

coarse_perception

nan

dev

197

Based on the image, what does the transportation infrastructure in London, including Big Ben and vehicles, represent?

nan

The transportation infrastructure showcases London's historical and modern elements.

The transportation infrastructure signifies the city's reliance on traditional modes of transportation.

The transportation infrastructure represents London's focus on futuristic transportation technologies.

The transportation infrastructure reflects London's disconnection from its historical roots.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

198

Based on the image, what does the man holding his small black dog wearing a hat indicate about their relationship?

nan

The man and his dog enjoy dressing up and taking photos together to create memories.

The man is training his dog to perform tricks.

The man is using his dog as a fashion accessory.

The man dislikes his dog and finds dressing it up amusing.

A

nature_relation

reasoning

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

199

Based on the image, what is one advantage of indoor skateboarding practice compared to outdoor skateboarding?

nan

Indoor skateboarding provides a controlled environment for focusing on specific tricks and stunts.

Indoor skateboarding allows for more opportunities to interact with pedestrians and traffic.

Indoor skateboarding facilities offer better lighting conditions for visibility.

Indoor skateboarding hinders the progress of skateboarders due to limited space.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

200

Based on the image, what are the benefits of the family flying a kite on a cloudy day?

nan

Engaging in this activity allows the family to spend quality time together and create memorable experiences.

The family can improve their math skills while flying a kite.

The family can learn about different cloud formations.

The family can strengthen their bond by watching a movie indoors.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

202

Based on the image, what is a potential reason for the nearly empty bowl?

nan

The person has eaten most of the oat cereal with a silver spoon, leaving only one spoonful of food left.

The person used the silver spoon as a decoration rather than for eating.

The person spilled most of the oat cereal from the bowl.

The person used the silver spoon to mix ingredients in the bowl.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

204

Based on the image, what do people at the beach find joy in despite the gloomy weather?

nan

Engaging in recreational activities like flying kites.

Relaxing and socializing with friends and family.

Observing the cloud-filled sky.

Seeking shelter from the gloomy weather.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

205

Based on the description, how are the people in the image engaging with the game?

nan

The group of people is physically engaging with the game by using Nintendo Wii controllers.

The group of people is physically engaging with the game by using traditional gaming controllers.

The group of people is engaging with the game by watching a screen passively.

The group of people is engaging with the game by playing a board game.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

209

Based on the image, what can be inferred about the event taking place in the conference room?

nan

The event is likely a formal gathering, such as a business meeting or an awards ceremony.

The event is likely a casual social gathering.

The event is likely a sports competition.

The event is likely a wedding ceremony.

A

image_topic

reasoning

coarse_perception

nan

dev

210

Based on the image, what does the contrast between the traditional monk garb and the use of a cell phone symbolize?

nan

The man is embracing modern technology while still adhering to traditional practices.

The man is disregarding his spiritual beliefs by using a cell phone.

The man is using the cell phone as a materialistic possession.

The man is abandoning traditional values in favor of modern communication.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

212

Based on the image, what is the likely purpose of the utility vehicle in this setting?

nan

The utility vehicle is likely being used for a safari tour or wildlife observation activity.

The utility vehicle is likely being used for transportation in a city.

The utility vehicle is likely being used for delivering goods.

The utility vehicle is likely being used for off-road racing.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

214

Based on the description, what distinguishes the refrigerator in the kitchen from modern ones?

nan

The refrigerator has a vintage design with white color and wood grain handles.

The refrigerator is larger and more spacious than modern ones.

The refrigerator is placed in an alcove next to a counter and pale walls.

The refrigerator has a digital display and advanced features.

A

attribute_recognition

reasoning

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

215

Based on the image, what atmosphere is suggested by the dining setup described in the description?

nan

The dining setup suggests a formal and elegant atmosphere.

The dining setup suggests a chaotic and disorganized atmosphere.

The dining setup suggests a warm, inviting, and casual atmosphere.

The dining setup suggests a professional and business-like atmosphere.

C

attribute_recognition

reasoning

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

216

Based on the image, what does the dog's behavior of jumping and playing Frisbee indicate about its well-being?

nan

The dog is participating in a professional Frisbee competition.

The dog is engaged in physical activity, promoting its health and well-being.

The dog is attempting to catch a bird in mid-air.

The dog is bored and looking for something to do.

B

attribute_recognition

reasoning

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

217

Based on the image, what significance might hugging the giant teddy bear hold for the boy?

nan

The boy finds comfort and companionship in the teddy bear.

The boy won the teddy bear at a carnival or a game.

The teddy bear is his favorite toy.

The boy feels a sense of accomplishment with the teddy bear.

A

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

221

What is the capital of North Carolina?

nan

Baton Rouge

Charlotte

Nashville

Raleigh

D

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

223

Which of these states is farthest east?

nan

Washington

Florida

New Hampshire

Tennessee

C

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

226

What is the capital of Alaska?

nan

Wichita

Fairbanks

Pierre

Juneau

D

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

228

What is the capital of Washington?

nan

Spokane

Seattle

Olympia

Denver

C

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

231

Which of these states is farthest south?

nan

South Carolina

Rhode Island

Kansas

Nevada

A

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

232

What is the capital of Kentucky?

nan

Portland

Lexington

Frankfort

Kansas City

C

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

233

What is the capital of Nebraska?

nan

Omaha

Lincoln

Wichita

Jefferson City

B

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

236

Which continent is highlighted?

nan

Africa

North America

Europe

Australia

D

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

239

Which of these states is farthest east?

nan

North Carolina

Colorado

Michigan

North Dakota

A

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

303

Select the chemical formula for this molecule.

nan

H4

P2H4

H3

PH3

D

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

322

What can Lacey and Felix trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Lacey and Felix open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Lacey nor Felix got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Lacey's lunch Felix's lunch

Felix can trade his almonds for Lacey's tomatoes.

Felix can trade his broccoli for Lacey's oranges.

Lacey can trade her tomatoes for Felix's carrots.

Lacey can trade her tomatoes for Felix's broccoli.

D

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

323

What can Jenny and Olivia trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Jenny and Olivia open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Jenny wanted broccoli in her lunch and Olivia was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

Jenny can trade her tomatoes for Olivia's broccoli.

Olivia can trade her broccoli for Jenny's oranges.

Jenny can trade her tomatoes for Olivia's sandwich.

Olivia can trade her almonds for Jenny's tomatoes.

A

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

325

What can Troy and Jason trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Troy and Jason open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Troy wanted broccoli in his lunch and Jason was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's broccoli.

Jason can trade his almonds for Troy's tomatoes.

Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's sandwich.

Jason can trade his broccoli for Troy's oranges.

A

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

329

What can Mackenzie and Zane trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Mackenzie and Zane open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Mackenzie wanted broccoli in her lunch and Zane was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

Mackenzie can trade her tomatoes for Zane's broccoli.

Zane can trade his broccoli for Mackenzie's oranges.

Zane can trade his almonds for Mackenzie's tomatoes.

Mackenzie can trade her tomatoes for Zane's sandwich.

A

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

330

What can Gordon and Roxanne trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Gordon and Roxanne open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Gordon wanted broccoli in his lunch and Roxanne was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

Gordon can trade his tomatoes for Roxanne's sandwich.

Gordon can trade his tomatoes for Roxanne's broccoli.

Roxanne can trade her almonds for Gordon's tomatoes.

Roxanne can trade her broccoli for Gordon's oranges.

B

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

334

What can Hazel and Xavier trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Hazel and Xavier open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Hazel nor Xavier got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Hazel's lunch Xavier's lunch

Hazel can trade her tomatoes for Xavier's broccoli.

Hazel can trade her tomatoes for Xavier's carrots.

Xavier can trade his broccoli for Hazel's oranges.

Xavier can trade his almonds for Hazel's tomatoes.

A

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

335

What can Austin and Victoria trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Austin and Victoria open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Austin nor Victoria got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Austin's lunch Victoria's lunch

Victoria can trade her almonds for Austin's tomatoes.

Austin can trade his tomatoes for Victoria's broccoli.

Austin can trade his tomatoes for Victoria's carrots.

Victoria can trade her broccoli for Austin's oranges.

B

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

337

What can Chloe and Justin trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Chloe and Justin open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Chloe nor Justin got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Chloe's lunch Justin's lunch

Justin can trade his broccoli for Chloe's oranges.

Chloe can trade her tomatoes for Justin's carrots.

Chloe can trade her tomatoes for Justin's broccoli.

Justin can trade his almonds for Chloe's tomatoes.

C

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

338

What can Dwayne and Madelyn trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Dwayne and Madelyn open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Dwayne nor Madelyn got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Dwayne's lunch Madelyn's lunch

Dwayne can trade his tomatoes for Madelyn's broccoli.

Madelyn can trade her almonds for Dwayne's tomatoes.

Madelyn can trade her broccoli for Dwayne's oranges.

Dwayne can trade his tomatoes for Madelyn's carrots.

A

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

339

What can Abdul and Elise trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Abdul and Elise open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Abdul nor Elise got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Abdul's lunch Elise's lunch

Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's carrots.

Elise can trade her broccoli for Abdul's oranges.

Elise can trade her almonds for Abdul's tomatoes.

Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's broccoli.

D

physical_relation

scienceqa

relation_reasoning

nan

dev

345

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Virginia

Michigan

Kentucky

Maryland

A

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

346

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

New Hampshire

Connecticut

New York

Rhode Island

D

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

348

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Maryland

North Carolina

Georgia

South Carolina

B

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

349

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Illinois

West Virginia

Massachusetts

Ohio

C

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

352

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

New York

New Hampshire

A

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

353

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Alabama

Connecticut

Vermont

New Hampshire

D

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

356

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Rhode Island

Massachusetts

Vermont

Connecticut

B

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

359

What is the name of the colony shown?

nan

Rhode Island

Ohio

New Hampshire

Vermont

C

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

382

Based on the text, which of the following things made the passenger pigeon migration a special event?

Read the text about passenger pigeons. Imagine the year 1800. The sky roars with a great clamor, like the sound of a thousand trains. The daytime sky becomes dark as sunlight is blotted out. Is it a terrible thunderstorm? No, it's actually a flock of thousands of passenger pigeons zooming overhead! Hundreds of years ago, there were three to five billion passenger pigeons in America, and the incredible sight of a flock's flight was a regular event. Sadly, passenger pigeons are extinct. None are left today. Passenger pigeons were a migratory bird. Migratory birds move about from season to season searching for places to nest and feed. The passenger pigeon migration ranged from Canada all the way to Texas and Florida. During a migration, thousands of birds would fly together from morning to night for several days. People reported seeing flocks as large as a mile wide! The migrations took place in spring and fall, when warmer weather brought forests to life with fresh food sources like nuts, seeds, berries, and insects. At first, it seemed as though passenger pigeons were an endless supply of tasty meat. When a massive flock passed by, hunters could easily catch a few passenger pigeons without affecting the others. But later, hunters would travel to find nesting sites. A passenger pigeon nesting site might contain over one million birds. The birds usually nested close together, and hunters found them to be easy targets. Eventually this overhunting destroyed the pigeon population. The last known passenger pigeon in the world died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in 1914. The pigeon, named Martha, was twenty-nine years old. Although the extinction of the passenger pigeon is a terrible loss, it did have one happy result: it pushed people to create wildlife protection laws to protect other creatures from a similar fate.

The migration caused warmer weather and forest growth.

Only people in Florida and Texas could see the migration.

The migration only happened every one hundred years.

The sun was blocked out by huge flocks of birds.

D

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

386

Based on the text, why are blue dragons dangerous?

Read the text about the blue dragon. Do dragons exist? Believe it or not, the oceans contain a lizard-like creature called the blue glaucus or blue dragon. However, these "dragons" are not the fire-breathing beasts of fantasy. In fact, they are only about an inch long. Blue dragons are a type of sea slug. Although these slugs are cuter than legendary dragons, you shouldn't let their squishy bodies fool you. These tiny creatures can be dangerous! Blue dragons eat poisonous sea creatures, such as Portuguese man-of-wars. The blue dragons store their prey's venom in their many "fingers." They can then use that stored poison to defend themselves. So, never touch a blue dragon‚Äîunless you want to get a painful and possibly serious sting. Blue dragons have another way to stay safe from predators. They float on their backs so their bright blue bellies point upward. The blue blends in with the water, making it hard for predators flying overhead to see them. And predators swimming below will have trouble spotting the dragons' gray backs. The light color blends with the sunlight shining down through the water. This two-color effect is called countershading, and it's a good way to avoid getting eaten! You might see blue dragons washed up on some beaches, but they usually drift on warm surfaces of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. An air bubble in their stomach allows them to float for long periods of time. It is difficult for scientists to find these tiny creatures in the vast oceans. So, there is still much we don't know about them. What we do know, though, is that these beautiful dragons are full of surprising traits.

Their strong fingers squeeze prey.

They have razor-sharp teeth and sharp fingers.

They use weapons to catch food.

Their sting is painful and can harm humans.

D

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

394

Which sentence correctly describes capybaras?

Read the text about capybaras. What animal looks like a guinea pig and a hippopotamus? The world's largest rodent, the capybara! Also called capys, these animals enjoy being in wetlands and rain forest waters. They are strong swimmers that wade in mud to keep cool. Like guinea pigs, capys have short legs and chubby bodies with shaggy fur. Much like hippos, capys have their eyes, ears, and nostrils located high on their heads. This helps them check out their surroundings while staying mostly underwater. Staying out of sight is important when you're the favorite food of jaguars and snakes! Luckily, capybaras can hide underwater for five minutes at a time. Plus, their webbed toes help them paddle fast. Capybaras live in Central and South America, usually in groups of between ten and forty. They eat plants like grass, reeds, grains, melons, and squash. They eat a lot of tough plants that are rich in fiber. To help break the plants down, capybaras have long teeth that chew side to side. They also have special bacteria in their guts that help break down fiber. Though capybaras are happiest in the wild, they are easily trained. Zookeepers have taught these gentle rodents to walk onto scales to be weighed, go into crates, and sit still for physical exams. How do they do it? Food treats and belly rubs are fun rewards. Capybaras are so quick to learn that one was once used as a guide animal for a blind man in Suriname. The capybara population is mostly stable, but capys are still threatened by deforestation. When large areas of trees are cleared, it reduces the capybaras' shelter. But now, people are starting to limit the number of trees people can cut in rain forests. This is good news for capybaras, as their home is being protected.

They are shy animals that usually hide in tall grass.

They are wild guinea pigs that live in mountain forests.

They are the closest relatives of the hippopotamus.

They are large rodents that are powerful swimmers.

D

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

456

After the Akkadian Empire ended, many cities and empires tried to control Mesopotamia. Around the 1790s BCE, which empire started controlling Mesopotamia?

Look at the table. Then answer the question below.

the Babylonian Empire

the Neo-Sumerian Empire

the Akkadian Empire

the Elamite Empire

A

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

457

Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?

Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.

My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.

All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.

I live by myself in the wilderness.

I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.

A

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

459

Which letter marks the territory controlled by the ancient Maya civilization?

The following map shows the locations of several ancient civilizations in North and South America. Look at the map. Then answer the question below.

B

C

A

D

B

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

461

After the Akkadian Empire ended, many cities and empires tried to control Mesopotamia. Around the 1790s BCE, which empire started controlling Mesopotamia?

Look at the table. Then answer the question below.

the Elamite Empire

the Babylonian Empire

the Akkadian Empire

the Neo-Sumerian Empire

B

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

462

What label shows the territory of Macedonia?

Throughout the following questions, you will learn about a man who became known as Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great created the Macedonian Empire in the late 300s BCE. Before it was an empire, Macedonia was a kingdom in southern Europe. Macedonia bordered ancient Greece and was located along the Aegean (ah-GEE-an) Sea. Select the kingdom of Macedonia on the map.

D

B

A

C

D

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

463

Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?

Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.

My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.

I live by myself in the wilderness.

All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.

I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.

A

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

465

How many years passed between the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and the beginning of World War II in Europe?

Look at the timeline. Then answer the question.

35 years

20 years

15 years

23 years

B

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

466

Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?

Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.

I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.

All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.

My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.

I live by myself in the wilderness.

C

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

469

Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?

Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.

My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.

All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.

I live by myself in the wilderness.

I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.

A

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

474

Which of the following statements describess living in an independent city-state?

Athens was one of the most powerful independent city-states in ancient Greece. Look at the definitions below. Then answer the question.

I vote for a president that rules over many different cities.

My city rules itself and is not part of a larger country.

All the decisions about my city are made by a faraway emperor.

I live by myself in the wilderness.

B

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

490

An international organization is made up of members from () who ().

Look at the phrase "international organization." Then complete the text below. Use the information above to complete the sentence.

different countries . . . declare war on other countries

different countries . . . work together for a shared purpose

the same country . . . work together for a shared purpose

the same country . . . declare war on other countries

B

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

491

Which area on the map shows China?

China is the largest country in East Asia. The official name of China is the People's Republic of China. China's eastern coast borders the Pacific Ocean, and its southwestern region borders the Himalayan Mountains. Look at the map. Then answer the question below.

B

C

D

A

spatial_relationship

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (cross-instance)

nan

dev

494

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

if anyone has super mario maker 2, make sure to stop by my account and play a few of my levels. most of these levels are from 4-1 years ago, tho, i do have a super world in the works!

2017年10月27日発売のNintendo Switchソフト『スーパーマリオオデッセイ』の公式アカウントです。3Dマリオ最新作『スーパーマリオオデッセイ』に関するゲーム情報やお知らせをディレクターの元倉がお伝えします。 ※ご質問・お問い合わせにはお答えしておりませんのでご容赦ください。

happy tears of the kingdom day!! #kirby #zelda

See You In July - Kirby Gamble Galaxy Stories #Kirby #Nintendo #Gamedev #GameDesign #カービィ #星のカービィ #Fangame #Fanart #IndieDev #GameMaker #gamedevelopment #Fanart

A

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

socialmedia

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

496

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

CROWN EM’ 👑 3-seed @Utah_Softball defeats 1-seed UCLA to win the first-ever #Pac12SB Tourney Title!

Admitted Transfer Students - New Student Academic Programs (NSAP) is here to help you prepare for the academic transition into UCLA. We look forward to meeting you, setting you up for a successful academic journey, and welcoming you to UCLA! Visit https://newstudents.ucla.edu

Congrats Erich Osteen! He decided to play football at UCLA. About to sign UCLA's offer letter.

WHAT. AN. ENDING. 😱😱😱 No. 3 @FSU_Softball scores the game winning run in the bottom of the seventh inning on a bloop single to defeat No. 9 Duke, 2-1, and win the @ACCsoftball AQ! #NCAASoftball x 🎥 ESPN2

A

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

socialmedia

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

498

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

Jing’an Temple👇 in the heart of Shanghai. First built in 247 CE along the north shore of the river that runs through modern Shanghai, the temple was moved to its current location in 1216 due to fears of floods. I like the beauty of its fusion of tradition and modernity.🤔

Cat theme street in Shanghai.🐱🐱🐱

Alan Mcdonald. The Temple of Reason,2020,oil.

Congress supporters celebrating #KarnatakaElectionResults by waving Muzlim flags in front of the sacred Marikamaba Temple in Sirsi. They provoke first like this and later whine Hindutvα tεrror, oppression, fαscism when Hindus show them the mirror!

A

celebrity_recognition

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

500

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

Located in Bome County, Nyingchi City, Tibet of China, the Yigong Iron Mountain is always surrounded by clouds and mist during summer.

夏天所有季节中最闪耀的季节阳光明媚，万物清明泰山向人们展现的初夏之景处处充满着诗情画意

Giant logs and stripped trees on Rialto Beach in the Olympic National Park. #beach #wawx #blackandwhite @yourtake

Madison Falls in Olympic National Park, WA [OC] [3024x4032] #nature

A

celebrity_recognition

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

503

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

I painted a picture of sushi. It's a colorful and tasty scene.

look at this cute toy sushi set 🥹

St. Louis Sushi (ham wrapped around cream cheese and a pickle)

Perfect Sushi Cake with Fresh Salmon and Avocado A sushi cake is a unique twist on traditional sushi that is perfect for special occasions or a fun meal with friends and family. #SushiCake #salmonavocado #avocado #avocadotoast #cake #recipe #dinner #food #FoodieBeauty

A

image_style

socialmedia

coarse_perception

nan

dev

505

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

Kung Fu panda 4 sera el final de Po🐼 👉https://youtube.com/shorts/UhqNHi5Yxqk?feature=share… 👈#kunfupanda #movienews #guerrerodragon

Sunday is funday. Let's play some poker. #ZPC #ZenPandaCoin

hotpot pandas 🐼❤️‍🔥

I asked Midjourney for pandas rolling down the mountain... Instead, I got this! 🐼🗻🥦 Seems it's doing better with pandas, than with cats! 👏 Prompt -> ALT. #pandas #surrealart #surreal #ArtificialIntelligence #MidjourneyAI #AIart #AIArtwork

A

ocr

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

506

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

Morning: Memeland Evening: Jay Chou 7 sold out nights in #hongkong #JayChou

We will be streaming our Mayday [ Live In the Sky ] online concert tomorrow night: http://bit.ly/YTBinMusic . We go on at 20:00 (GMT+8) May 31st. See you online then.

my little airport 🫶🏼

Run to Victoria Harbor at night😅

A

celebrity_recognition

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

507

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

19 years ago today, may 6, 2004, the last episode of friends was broadcasted live in times square

The Time Square demonstration is a spillover from the nationwide protests in Pakistan sparked by the arrest of former Prime Minister Imran Khan

I’m so happyyyy #Jay_TimesSquare

If you have time, lets watch the ad together! I think the ad will look good too! Actually there are 2 giant screens , but sad that we dont have fans to help us to take recording in time square @_@ Actually the ad is very nice, I may try to buy him the same LED ad again.

A

celebrity_recognition

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

508

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

AAL107 from LHR -> JFK is currently Diverting to Dublin Airport. The reason is currently unknown but ill post when I get the Info. #AA107 #AAL107 #DublinAirport #ireland #diversion #aviation

⚡️🇸🇪Updated top of the countries by the number of wins in the Eurovision Song Contest! #eurovision #sweden #ireland

Fantasy vs. reality If you come to Ireland, you will not receive the free house that Roderic O'Gorman promised you. You will live in a tent on the street. Can someone translate this tweet into eight different languages for me, please? #Ireland #IrelandisFull

Flying a real life Cessna 172 vs a #VRChat Cessna 172! Let’s see how it goes… #AvGeek #Aviation

A

spatial_relationship

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (cross-instance)

nan

dev

510

Which can be the associated text with this image posted on twitter

nan

#BSFInterceptsPakDrone #Punjab #Amritsar Smuggling attempt with drone was foiled by #BSF on Amritsar border. When Pak drone crossed border at night, alert BSF troops intercepted it with firing & brought it down. Later during search, DJI Matrices 300 Chinese drone was recovered.

Capture magic in action with the all-new Insta360 X3 ✨ The ultimate 360 action cam is available now http://bit.ly/X3_tw

Helicopters spray chemicals over homes

New the walking dead summit rick and michonne footage of crm helicopters 😳😳

A

object_localization

socialmedia

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev