It's a system in which one's work is evaluated by those in the same field; NIH grants are subject to dual ones
The NIH dual peer review system is mandated by statute in accordance ... 
whereby grant applications submitted to the NIH are evaluated on the basis of ... 
for Scientific Review (CSR) or one of the NIH ICs with funding authority as ... for 
all applications; the same scale is used for overall impact scores and for... [DOC] [TLE] Glossary of NIH Terms - National Institutes of Health [PAR] Mar 20, 2013 ...