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[ "A engineer is working in a theme park." ]

[ "A man is working on a cargo train.", "The woman is resting.", "I need your assistance with a problem, Kim.", "Keeping people in custody is so cheap its practically free.", "A person grooming himself.", "A young girl has candy.", "There is no one at the fair" ]

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[ "A group of people are sitting on a blanket." ]

[ "The group of people are all asleep in the rafters.", "The stockholders will do it without any incentive.", "He knew that the parties were inherently democratic.", "A man wearing black is painting a wall with graffiti.", "A group of people playing football.", "The EPA didnt prepare statements required by law.", "It probably got pretty competitive to see who could come up with the best recipe." ]

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[ "A woman with heavy makeup is standing." ]

[ "A man with heavy makeup is standing.", "Stewardship resources are privately held funds that are only accessible to the wealthy.", "Some humans who look happy", "The man is hispanic.", "The Jantar Mantar is a weird monument.", "There are no signs.", "A boy is wearing a plastic suit." ]

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[ "Flag of South Africa English as follows: Flag of South Africa The flag of South Africa was designed in March 1994 and adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928. The new national flag, designed by the then State Herald of South Africa Frederick Brownell, was chosen to represent the country's new democracy after the end of apartheid. The flag has horizontal bands of red (on the top) and blue (on the bottom), of equal width, separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal \"Y\"" ]

[ "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) national flag, despite attempts by officials to stop them. In 1994 the State Herald of South Africa, Fred Brownell, was approached to design a new national flag for South Africa to replace the flag in time for the first elections after apartheid. He designed the new flag of South Africa with a combination of the old flag and the colours of the ANC flag. The new flag design was approved personally by both de Klerk and Mandela before being unanimously approved by the Transitional Executive Council on 15 March 1994. De Klerk made the public proclamation of the replacement of", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) the Union Jack and the new Flag of the Union of South Africa were to have equal status as the flag of South Africa. The act came into force in 1928 when both flags were raised over the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town and the Union Buildings in Pretoria This dual status was ended in 1957 with the passing of the Flags Amendment Act which declared that the union flag would be the sole flag of South Africa with the act also declaring that \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" would be the country's sole anthem and dropping \"God Save the Queen\".", "Flag of South Africa on whether the British Union Flag should be included in the new flag design or not. The Natal Province even threatened to secede from the Union should it be decided to remove it. Finally, a compromise was reached that resulted in the adoption of a separate flag for the Union in late 1927 and the design was first hoisted on 31 May 1928. The design was based on the so-called Van Riebeeck flag or \"Prince's Flag\" (\"Prinsenvlag\" in Afrikaans) that was originally the Dutch flag; it consisted of orange, white, and blue horizontal stripes. A version of this flag had", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) 1928 by an act of Parliament from the first Afrikaner majority government. In 1948, after their election victory, the National Party unsuccessfully tried to amend the flag design to remove what they called the “Blood Stain\" (the flag of the United Kingdom). In 1968 Prime Minister John Vorster proposed the adoption of a new flag in 1971 to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the declaration of South Africa as an independent republic. Vorster's idea did not gain Parliamentary support and the flag change never happened. As such this flag was used during the entirety of the apartheid era as well,", "Flag of South Africa were also found in the old flag of South Africa. Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994, stated in his autobiography, \"The Last Trek: a New Beginning\", that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred). The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) leading to it being labeled the \"Apartheid flag\". It was replaced by the current flag of South Africa in 1994 with the commencement of the republic's transitional constitution and the end of apartheid. Following its retirement in 1994 the flag has been controversial within South Africa, with some people viewing it as historic and a symbol of Afrikaner heritage while others view it as a symbol of apartheid and of white supremacy. Before 31 May 1928 the only flag that had official status in the Union of South Africa was the United Kingdom's Union Jack as South Africa was part", "Flag of South Africa national flag in the final draft of the constitution. The Constitutional Assembly was charged with the responsibility of drafting the country’s new constitution and had called for submissions, inter alia, on the issues of its various national symbols. It received 118 submissions recommending the retention of the new flag and 35 suggesting changes to it. Thus on 28 September 1995 it decided that the flag should be retained unchanged and accordingly it was included as Section One of the Constitution of South Africa which came into force in February 1997. The South African government published guidelines for proper display of", "South Africa Red Ensign South Africa Red Ensign The South Africa Red Ensign was used as the unofficial flag of the Union of South Africa between 1910 and 1928. The flag was a red ensign defaced with the Coat of arms of South Africa on a white disc. When the Union of South Africa was created in 1910, the only flag that had official status within it was the Union Jack as part of the British Empire. A new coat of arms was created in September of that year, with Admiralty warrants being issued in December authorising usage of the arms on a red", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) of the British Empire. The South Africa Red Ensign was used as an unofficial flag. In 1925, discussion rose about creating a new flag for South Africa as many descendants of Boers found the Union Jack unacceptable after the Boer War. In 1926 the Balfour Declaration granted South Africa legislative autonomy, opening the possibility of a new flag. British settlers wanted the Union Jack in the new flag as part of the British Empire while the Afrikaners did not. A compromise was reached whereby the new flag would consist of the Prince's Flag as this was the first flag raised", "Flag of Johannesburg Flag of Johannesburg The current design of the flag of Johannesburg was adopted on 16 May 1997, replacing a previous version of the flag that had been in service since 20 October 1970. The design is a white-fimbriated vertical tricolour of blue, green, and red. The coat of arms of the city of Johannesburg is displayed in the centre of the flag on a green panel in the centre of a heraldic fret on a white disk on a black background. The flag clearly alludes to the colours of the new national flag of South Africa and the central panel", "Flag of South Africa minority objected to it; hundreds of Afrikaner Volksfront members in Bloemfontein burned the flag in protest a few weeks before the April 1994 elections. The proclamation of the new national flag by South African President F. W. de Klerk was only published on 20 April 1994, a mere seven days before the flag was to be inaugurated, sparking a frantic last-minute flurry for flag manufacturers. As stated in South Africa's post-apartheid interim constitution, the flag was to be introduced on an interim probationary period of five years, after which there would be discussion about whether or not to change the", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) When South Africa became a republic in 1961, the flag remained the same. The Afrikaner voting majority disliked the flag retaining the Union Jack in the centre. Repeated calls were made for it to be removed or for a new flag but no action was taken by the ruling National Party until 1968. B. J. Vorster convened a commission in that year to create a new flag in time for the 10th anniversary of South Africa's declaration of independence in 1971, but no changes were eventually made. The flag was treated with respect by Afrikaners with daily flag salutes in", "Flag of the South African Republic into February 1915. In 1856, the Voortrekker territories north of the Vaal River agreed to unite as the \"South African Republic\". A constitution was drawn up and a flag designed. The flag, known as the \"Vierkleur\" () was raised in Potchefstroom on 6 January 1857, and was ratified by the republic's Volksraad (legislature) on 18 February 1858. The Vierkleur was flown until October 1874. The new flag, introduced by state president Thomas François Burgers, was approved by the Volksraad on 24 October 1874. It was an improved version of a flag which some of the Voortrekkers are believed to have", "Flag of Lesotho Flag of Lesotho The current national flag of Lesotho, adopted on the 40th anniversary of Lesotho's independence on October 4, 2006, features a horizontal blue, white, and green tricolour with a black \"mokorotlo\" (a Basotho hat) in the center. The design is intended to reflect a nation that is both peaceful internally and with its neighbour South Africa, replacing the old flag design that featured a military emblem of a shield, spear and knobkerrie. The symbolism of the colours is: The first flag of Lesotho was introduced on October 4, 1966, the day of Lesotho's full independence from the United", "South Africa Red Ensign an ensign. The Union Nationality and Flags Act 1928 also provided that the new flag of the Union of South Africa and the Union Jack would be flown together as joint official flags of South Africa. The South Africa Red Ensign ceased being used as the unofficial national flag but was retained in maritime usage as the merchant ensign until 1951. South Africa Red Ensign The South Africa Red Ensign was used as the unofficial flag of the Union of South Africa between 1910 and 1928. The flag was a red ensign defaced with the Coat of arms of South", "Flag of South Holland Flag of South Holland The flag of South Holland was adopted on 15 October 1985, replacing the flag used since 22 June 1948. The first official flag of South Holland was introduced on 22 June 1948. It was a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal fields; yellow on the top, red in the middle and yellow on the bottom. It had a ratio of 2:3. The current flag was proposed by the provincial executive of South Holland 15 October, and passed by the States of South Holland on 24 October 1985. It was decided to change the flag into a", "1960 South African republic referendum an executive presidency, instead adopting a minimalist approach, as a conciliatory gesture to whites who were opposed to a republic; the office did not become an executive post until 1984. Similarly, the Union Jack remained a feature of the country's flag until 1994, despite its unpopularity among many Afrikaners, and a proposal to adopt a new design on the tenth anniversary of the republic in 1971. Under the new Constitution, Afrikaans and English remained official languages, but the status of Afrikaans in relation to Dutch was altered; whereas the South Africa Act had made Dutch an official language alongside English,", "Flag of Botswana protectorate. When Botswana's national flag was created in 1966, it was symbolically designed to contrast with the flag of South Africa, since the latter country was ruled under an apartheid regime. Hence, the black stripe with the white frame came to epitomize the peace and harmony between the people of African and European descent who reside in Botswana. The new flag was first hoisted at midnight on September 30, 1966, the day Botswana became an independent country. The colours of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The light blue represents water—specifically, in its form of rain, as it", "Flag of the South African Republic used in the 1830s and '40s. However, it was very unpopular, and on 10 May 1875, the Volksraad restored the Vierkleur as the official flag. The 'Vierkleur' was in abeyance during the British occupation of the Transvaal, from 12 April 1877 to 7 August 1881. It flew again until the republic came to a final end on 31 May 1902. It was later used by the Maritz Revolt rebels who declared a resurrection of the South African Republic in 1914 and later incorporated into the national flag of South Africa from 1928 to 1994. After the adoption of the 1928", "Flag of the Orange Free State an end on 31 May 1902. The flag consisted of seven horizontal bands of white (4) and orange (3), with the Dutch flag in the canton. The flag was later incorporated into the design of the national Flag of South Africa (from 1928 to 1994). Flag of the Orange Free State The flag of the Orange Free State was the official flag of the Orange Free State from 1857 to 1902. It was superseded by the flag of the Orange River Colony. When the Orange Free State became an independent republic in February 1854, the government hoisted a red, white", "Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–2000) denomination of the South African rand. Following the end of apartheid in the 1990s, the new Constitution of South Africa stated that the coat of arms would remain the same despite the flag and anthem changing. Nevertheless the arms were still viewed as outdated as they had been created by the white British and Afrikaner minorities without input from the black majority. In 1999, the Department of Arts and Culture held a contest to design a new coat of arms. In 2000, the coat of arms was replaced on Freedom Day. Despite the replacement, the old coat of arms was", "Flag of South Africa desires, since the \"Prinsenvlag\" was politically neutral, as it was no longer the national flag of any nation. A further element of this compromise was that the British Union Flag would continue to fly alongside the new South African national flag over official buildings. This dual flag arrangement continued until 1957 when the British Union Flag lost its official status per an Act of Parliament. Following a referendum the country became a republic on 31 May 1961, but the design of the flag remained unchanged. However, there was intense pressure to change the flag, particularly from Afrikaners who still resented", "LGBT rights in South Africa 1996, due to the lobbying efforts of LGBT South Africans. As a result, South Africa became the first nation in the world to explicitly prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in its Constitution. Two years later, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled in a landmark case that the law prohibiting homosexual conduct between consenting adults in private violated the Constitution. The gay pride flag of South Africa, designed by Eugene Brockman, is a hybrid of the LGBT rainbow flag and the South African national flag launched in 1994 after the end of the apartheid era. Brockman said \"I truly", "Rainbow flag (LGBT movement) Matlovich, himself dying of AIDS-related illness, suggested that upon a cure for AIDS being discovered, the black stripes be removed from the flags and burned. LGBT communities in other countries have also adopted the rainbow flag. A South African gay pride flag which is a hybrid of the rainbow flag and the national flag of South Africa was launched in Cape Town in 2010. Flag designer Eugene Brockman said \"I truly believe we (the LGBT community) put the dazzle into our rainbow nation and this flag is a symbol of just that.\" On April 20, 2017, advertising agency Ogilvy &", "Flag of the South African Republic Flag of the South African Republic The Flag of the South African Republic was the flag of the former \"Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek\" or in English translation, the South African Republic, which existed from 1852 to 1877, and 1881 to 1902. Two flags were used : (1) the so-called 'Vierkleur' () from 1857 to 1874 and again from 1875 to 1877 and 1881 to 1902, and (2) the so-called 'Burgers Flag' from 1874 to 1875. They were superseded by the Flag of Transvaal. It was also used by the South African Republic declared in 1914 during the Maritz Rebellion, which lasted", "Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–2000) the sinister side An Oryx (Gemsbuck) both proper together with the motto EX UNITATE VIRES\".\" When Cape Colony, Transvaal Colony, Natal Colony, and the Orange River Colony joined together as the Union of South Africa, it was determined that as a dominion within the British Empire, South Africa should have its own symbol. In 1910, King George V issued a royal warrant for a coat of arms for the Union of South Africa. The arms were then used to create the South Africa Red Ensign used unofficially as the national flag of South Africa until 1928, when the Oranje, Blanje,", "Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–2000) Blou was adopted. However, the South Africa Red Ensign continued to be used at sea as the merchant ensign until 1951. In 1930, the London-based artist Kruger Gray designed an embellished version of the arms, which was officially adopted by the College of Arms in 1932. In 1961, following the declaration of the Republic of South Africa, the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act made no reference to changing the coat of arms, and therefore the 1910 grant was retained. During the apartheid era, a facsimile of the coat of arms was featured prominently on the back of the R20", "Frederick Brownell and Consul to the South African Embassy in London between 1965 and 1969. He then joined the Department of National Education / later Arts, Culture, Science and Technology as Assistant State Herald in the Bureau of Heraldry on 1 August 1977. He was promoted to State Herald on 1 May 1982 and retired from that position in 2002. Brownell has designed many coats of arms, badges and flags, including the arms and the flag of Namibia in 1990. In 1993/1994, he designed the current South African flag, with a three-armed converging cross of the sort called a pall in heraldry,", "Flag of Eswatini Flag of Eswatini The flag of Eswatini (Swaziland) was adopted on October 6, 1968 after Eswatini gained independence from the British Empire on September 6, 1968. The design of the flag is based on a flag given by King Sobhuza II to the Swazi Pioneer Corps in 1941. The flag is based on the military flag given by King Sobhuza II to the Swazi Pioneer Corps in 1941 to remind them of the nation's military traditions. On 25 April 1967, the day the pledge of oath was taken by the king the flag was hoisted for the first time. The", "Flag of Eswatini Flag of Eswatini The flag of Eswatini (Swaziland) was adopted on October 6, 1968 after Eswatini gained independence from the British Empire on September 6, 1968. The design of the flag is based on a flag given by King Sobhuza II to the Swazi Pioneer Corps in 1941. The flag is based on the military flag given by King Sobhuza II to the Swazi Pioneer Corps in 1941 to remind them of the nation's military traditions. On 25 April 1967, the day the pledge of oath was taken by the king the flag was hoisted for the first time. The", "Flag of the British South Africa Company was first raised over Fort Salisbury. In 1893, it was raised over Bulawayo, following the Company's conquest of the Matabeleland. In 1922, Rhodesian voters voted in the Southern Rhodesian government referendum, 1922 for responsible government independent of the BSAC ahead of joining the Union of South Africa. Remaining under BSAC control was considered but was eventually not included in the final ballot. As such, the BSAC flag was lowered on 29th September 1923 by the British South Africa Police when the colony's new status as Southern Rhodesia came into being with the Union Flag becoming the only official flag. However,", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) was featured on the cantons of the flags of government agencies such the military, prisons service, and police. After the flag was retired in 1994, the new South African flag replaced it on those flags' cantons. Despite the flag's origins and adoption pre-dating the National Party's ascension to power by twenty years, the flag gradually became associated with the apartheid regime. Movements like the Black Sash and Umkhonto we Sizwe started protesting against it with their own symbols. Often the flag of South Africa would be removed from public display and replaced with the banned ANC flag. The flag would", "Flag of Namibia triangle is green. \"In Blazon: Tierced per bend sinister Azure, and Vert, a bend sinister Gules fimbriated Argent and in dexter chief a Sun with twelve straight rays Or charged with an annulet Azure.\" Flag of Namibia The flag of Namibia was adopted on March 21, 1990 upon independence from South Africa. The National Symbols Sub-Committee received 870 entries for the national flag. Six designs were short-listed; this was reduced to three, those of three Namibains - Theo Jankowski of Rehoboth, Don Stevenson of Windhoek and Ortrud Clay of Lüderitz. These three designs were combined to form the Namibia national", "Flag of Rhodesia Bird. However, under the terms of the Lancaster House Agreement, the country briefly returned to British rule under the Union Jack from 12 December 1979 although the Zimbabwe Rhodesia flag remained de facto in use. Thus it was the British Union Flag that was lowered during the ceremony on 17/18 April 1980 marking the country's attainment of independence as the Republic of Zimbabwe when the new flag of Zimbabwe was adopted. The following was published as a supplement to the Government Gazette issued on Friday 9 August 1968. <br> <br> 1968 Flag of Rhodesia No. 40 / p. 285<br> Rhodesia", "Flag of the Nieuwe Republiek Flag of the Nieuwe Republiek The flag of the Nieuwe Republiek was the official flag of this short-lived South African state from 1884 to 1888. The Nieuwe Republiek ('New Republic') was established in north-western Zululand by a few hundred Boer farmers in August 1884 after they signed a treaty with the Zulu king. By agreement with the neighbouring South African Republic, it was incorporated into the ZAR in July 1888. The Volksraad (legislature) approved an official flag on 13 November 1884. The flag was evidently inspired by the 'Vierkleur' Flag of the South African Republic. The colours were simply re-arranged,", "Flag of Transvaal lying down in the veld. The lion was no doubt derived from the colony's new Public Seal, and it had also featured on the former South African Republic's coat of arms. Flag of Transvaal The Flag of Transvaal was the official flag of the Transvaal colony in South Africa from \"circa\" 1903 to 1910. It formed part of a system of colonial flags that was used throughout the British Empire. It was superseded by the flag of the Union of South Africa. In a series of decisions made in 1864, 1865, and 1869, the British government decided that every colony", "Flag of South Holland in turn is derived from the coat of arms of the original County of Holland. The colours red and yellow are Holland's traditional colours and are also found of the flag of North Holland. Flag of South Holland The flag of South Holland was adopted on 15 October 1985, replacing the flag used since 22 June 1948. The first official flag of South Holland was introduced on 22 June 1948. It was a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal fields; yellow on the top, red in the middle and yellow on the bottom. It had a ratio of 2:3. The", "Union Jack 10 Minute Rule in the House of Commons. The Bill sought to formalise the position of the Union Flag as the national flag of the UK in law, to remove legal obstacles to its regular display and to officially recognise the name 'Union Jack' as having equal status with 'Union Flag'. However the Bill did not receive its second reading by the end of that parliamentary session. The Union Jack was introduced into South Africa in 1795, and except for the period 1803-06, it was an official flag until 1957. When the Union of South Africa was established in 1910,", "Flag of Seychelles sky and the sea that surrounds the Seychelles. Yellow is for the sun which gives light and life, red symbolizes the people and their determination to work for the future in unity and love, while the white band represents social justice and harmony. The green depicts the land and natural environment. The original flag was adopted after independence on June 29, 1976. It had alternating blue and red triangles. Coincidentally the flag was almost identical to the Australian United Steam Navigation Company's flag. In 1977, when president James Mancham was overthrown by France-Albert René, the old flag was abolished and", "Red Ensign the national coat of arms, was authorised as the merchant ensign of the Union of South Africa on 28 December 1910. From 1912, the shield was displayed on a white disc. The ensign was superseded by the national flag with effect from 1 January 1960, in terms of the Merchant Shipping Act 1951. The Red Ensign with the shield was also used on land as a de facto national flag from 1910 until 1928. There was also a Blue Ensign which was the official ensign of government-owned vessels, and was also flown at South African offices overseas. The most notable", "Flag of Aruba of a white field, with the flag of the Netherlands striped across both the top and the bottom, and a circular version of the flag of Aruba in the centre. Flag of Aruba Aruba's national flag () was adopted on March 18, 1976. The design consists of a field of light blue (called \"Larkspur\"), two narrow parallel horizontal yellow (\"Bunting Yellow\") stripes in the bottom half, and a four-pointed white-fimbriated red (\"Union Flag red\") star in the canton. The design elements have multiple symbolic meanings: March 18 is a public holiday in Aruba, known as Flag Day and it is", "Gay pride flag of South Africa Gay pride flag of South Africa The gay pride flag of South Africa is a gay pride symbol that aims to reflect the freedom and diversity of the South African nation and build pride in being an LGBT South African. It was registered as the flag of the GLBTI Association of South Africa in 2012 and is not an official national symbol of South Africa. Designed by Eugene Brockman, the flag is a hybrid of the LGBT rainbow flag and the South African national flag launched in 1994 after the end of the apartheid era. Brockman said \"I truly believe", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) Government of South Africa post-1994 and the right to display it in South Africa is protected under Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa as an expression of free speech. In the 21st century, usage of the old South African flag experienced use of as a symbol by white supremacists not just in South Africa but worldwide. A particular awareness of this followed the shooting at a Charleston, South Carolina black church in 2015, as the suspect Dylann Roof had previously been pictured wearing a jacket with the flag and the flag of Rhodesia on it. This association with", "Flag of South Africa Republiek (Transvaal) became British colonies along with the existing Cape and Natal colonies. Each was also entitled to a colonial flag following in the British tradition. On 31 May 1910 these four colonies came together to form the Union of South Africa and the individual colonial flags were no longer used and new South African flags came into being. Once again, as a British dominion the British Union Flag was to continue as the national flag and the standard British ensign pattern was used as a basis for distinctive South African flags. As was the case throughout the British Empire,", "Flag of Malawi pejoratively nicknamed \"Bingu's flag\" by the majority of the nation who saw it as an illegitimate flag. Many objected to the new flag, perceiving its adoption as undemocratic. On 28 May 2012, under new president Joyce Banda, Parliament voted to revert to the independence flag. The colours of the flag are defined using British Standard colours: Flag of Malawi The flag of Malawi was officially adopted on 6 July 1964 when the colony of Nyasaland became independent from British rule and renamed itself Malawi. The first flag of independent Malawi was adopted on 6 July 1964. The rising sun represents", "Flag of South Africa the flag at designated flag stations, in Government Notice 510 of 8 June 2001 (Gazette number 22356). These rules apply only to official flag stations and not to the general public. The Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA), a non-official association for the study of flags, published their own guide for proper display of the flag in 2002. This guide has no official authority but was drawn up with generally accepted vexillological etiquette and principles in mind. An addendum to the Transitional Executive Council agenda (April 1994) described the flag in heraldic terms as follows: \"The National flag shall be rectangular", "Prince's Flag protest of Pechtold's remark, at least five members of the House of Representatives, Martin Bosma, Reinette Klever, Machiel de Graaf, Harm Beertema and Barry Madlener wore a Prince's flag lapel pin. The Prince's Flag served as the basis for the earlier flag of South Africa. This flag was adopted in 1928 and was inspired by the former Dutch flag. In the white part of the flag are the flags of (left to right) the United Kingdom, the Orange Free State and Transvaal, representing the Union of South Africa's British colonial and republican predecessor states. In 1994 the flag was replaced", "South African Republic \"four colours\"). The former national flag, from 1927 to 1994, had, as part of a feature contained within its central white bar, a horizontal flag of the Transvaal Republic (ZAR). South African Republic The South African Republic (), often referred to as the Transvaal or as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent and internationally recognised country in Southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. The country defeated the British in what is often referred to as the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender", "Flag of Zimbabwe was adopted which followed the standard British colonial practice, being a Blue Ensign, defaced with the shield from the Southern Rhodesian coat of arms. This basic design was used until 1968, although a light blue ensign was introduced in April 1964 following the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. On 11 November 1968, three years after the predominantly white government unilaterally declared independence from Britain, a national flag based on a completely new design was adopted. This was a green-white-green vertical triband, charged centrally with the national coat of arms. This was the first national flag to contain", "Flag of Southern Rhodesia Rhodesian flag that was lowered when Britain granted independence to Zimbabwe in April 1980. Flag of Southern Rhodesia The flag of Southern Rhodesia was a blue ensign, later changed to a sky-blue ensign, with the coat of arms of Southern Rhodesia on it. The flag was in use in Southern Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe) from 1923 to 1953 and from 1964 to 1965. It was also used by the unrecognised Rhodesia from 1965 to 1968. The flag was initially used unofficially internally before being approved for use outside of the colony by the Colonial Office in 1937. The colour was changed", "Flag of the British South Africa Company Flag of the British South Africa Company The Flag of the British South Africa Company was the flag used by the British South Africa Company (BSAC) and Rhodesia under company rule. It was adopted in 1892 and was used until 1923 when the south of Rhodesia voted to become Southern Rhodesia and the north was surrendered to the Colonial Office to become Northern Rhodesia. The flag remained as the Company's commercial flag until 1965. The flag consisted of a British Union Flag with the Company's logo of a lion and tusk on a white circle in the centre with \"B.S.A.C.\"", "Ex Unitate Vires translation of the motto on their cap badge alongside the springbok. In 1947, King George VI toured South Africa. However, due to noticing the South African Police (whom the King referred to as \"Gestapo\") enforcing segregation in keeping blacks away from him and a request from the South African government to only shake hands with whites, the King noticed the motto on the tablecloth of his royal train and stated: \"Huh, not much bloody \"Unitate\" about this place!\" Following the Union of South Africa's transition to the Republic of South Africa in 1961, the new constitution made no reference to", "Flag of Zimbabwe when the full arms were displayed on the Rhodesian flag that was adopted on 11 November 1968. It then appeared alone on the Zimbabwe Rhodesian flag of 1979, and it is now displayed on the flag of Zimbabwe. The arms of 1924 were initially retained by the Zimbabwean Government until a new coat of arms were adopted on 12 September 1981. Anyone who has been to Zimbabwe or seen a photograph of a Zimbabwean flag made in Zimbabwe will notice that the Zimbabwe Bird is rendered in the same format as it appeared on the arms of 1924 and as", "Flag of Namibia Flag of Namibia The flag of Namibia was adopted on March 21, 1990 upon independence from South Africa. The National Symbols Sub-Committee received 870 entries for the national flag. Six designs were short-listed; this was reduced to three, those of three Namibains - Theo Jankowski of Rehoboth, Don Stevenson of Windhoek and Ortrud Clay of Lüderitz. These three designs were combined to form the Namibia national flag, adopted unanimously on February 2, 1990 by the Constituent Assembly. The three designers were publicly acknowledged by judge Hans Berker, the chairman of the subcommittee, at the unveiling ceremony on 9 March 1990.", "Flag of Johannesburg alludes to the city's coat of arms. The previous design was approved by the Mayor of Johannesburg in 1970. The flag comprised a green field that had a horizontal gold stripe running through the centre, above which were two golden stamps and one gold stamp below. The golden stamps were taken from the previous coat of arms. Flag of Johannesburg The current design of the flag of Johannesburg was adopted on 16 May 1997, replacing a previous version of the flag that had been in service since 20 October 1970. The design is a white-fimbriated vertical tricolour of blue, green,", "Flag of the Republic of the Congo new flag was officially adopted on September 15, 1959 and remained unchanged when the French Congo became an independent state less than a year later on August 15, 1960. It was hoisted on top of the building that formerly housed the French high commission to mark the proclamation of independence. In 1968, a coup d'état took place in the country, with the new government proclaiming the People's Republic of the Congo a year later. By doing so, it became the first Marxist–Leninist country in Africa. In order to symbolize the revolutionary change, the regime instituted a new national anthem and", "Governor of Southern Rhodesia flag was adopted on 1 October 1924 and was flown until 30 July 1951. On 31 July 1951, a new flag was put into use for the Governor of Southern Rhodesia. This was dark blue and charged in the centre with a Royal Crown, its height being four-sevenths of the hoist. Initially the Tudor Crown would have been used, but after her accession to the throne in 1952, Queen Elizabeth II indicated her preference for St Edward's Crown and this version would have been used thereafter. Although the colony had attained 'Responsible Government' in 1923, it was never a fully", "South Africa Red Ensign a new flag of South Africa which Malan had hoped for, a \"clean flag\" without the Union Jack. Discussions to change the flag resulted in three years of volatile negotiations as Afrikaner descendants of Boers who fought in the Boer War found the Union Jack in the flag unacceptable, while British settlers felt that the Afrikaner voting majority was attempting to remove British imperial symbols, and Natal Province threatened to secede if the Union Jack was removed. A compromise was reached after three years whereby the new flag would feature the Union Jack in a reduced position and not as", "Flag of the Nieuwe Republiek so that the horizontal bands were red, white and green, and the vertical bar was blue. The Volksraad resolution specified that a small Union Jack should be placed on the blue, a small ZAR 'Vierkleur' on the red, a small Orange Free State flag on the white, and a small Cape Colony flag on the green. However, this was not done. Flag of the Nieuwe Republiek The flag of the Nieuwe Republiek was the official flag of this short-lived South African state from 1884 to 1888. The Nieuwe Republiek ('New Republic') was established in north-western Zululand by a few hundred", "Flag of Malawi Flag of Malawi The flag of Malawi was officially adopted on 6 July 1964 when the colony of Nyasaland became independent from British rule and renamed itself Malawi. The first flag of independent Malawi was adopted on 6 July 1964. The rising sun represents the dawn of hope and freedom for the continent of Africa (when the flag was created, more countries in Africa were gaining independence from European rule). The 31 rays of the sun represent the fact that Malawi was the 31st African nation at the time of its independence. The black represents the indigenous people of the", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) The flag of South Africa from 1928 to 1994 was used by the Union of South Africa and its successor state, the Republic of South Africa until 1994. It was also used in South-West Africa (now Namibia) when the territory was under South African rule. Based on the Dutch Prince's Flag, it contained the flag of the United Kingdom, the flag of the Orange Free State and the flag of the South African Republic in the centre. A nickname for the flag was \"Oranje, Blanje, Blou\" (Afrikaans for: \"orange, white, blue\"). It was adopted in", "Flag of Natal the Blue Ensign; and, with Admiralty permission, privately owned ships registered in the colony could display the badge in the fly of the Red Ensign. This system is still in operation in the remaining British overseas territories. The Natal government chose its Public Seal as its first flag badge, in 1870. It was replaced in 1905 with a simpler design, which was used until the colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The first flag badge (1870–1905) consisted of the colony's Public Seal, which dated from 1846. This was a complex design, depicting the", "National anthem of South Africa National anthem of South Africa The current national anthem of South Africa was adopted in 1997 and is a hybrid song combining new English lyrics with extracts of the 19th century hymn \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\" (, ) and the Afrikaans song \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" (), which was formerly used as the South African national anthem from the late 1930s to the mid-1990s. The South African national anthem is often referred to by its incipit of \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\", however this has never been its official title, which is simply \"National anthem of South Africa\". The fact that it shifts", "Flag of the Cape Colony on 12 May 1875. It was formally granted by Queen Victoria on 29 May 1876, and made its official appearance as a flag badge shortly afterwards. It was used until the colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The flag badge consisted of the Cape Colony coat of arms on a white disc. The coat of arms consisted of a red shield displaying a golden lion between three golden rings, below a silver horizontal strip ('chief') containing three golden fleurs de lis on blue discs. The figure of Hope formed the crest, and the", "Flag of the South African Republic flag, the Vierkleur was used by right-wing groups opposed to societal transformation and racial integration, such as the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The flag was simply the flag of the Netherlands with the addition of a green vertical band at the hoist. The Volksraad resolution of 18 February 1858 which confirmed the design stated that the motto 'Eendracht maakt macht' should be placed on the flag, but this was never done. The flag is blue, charged with a red saltire edged in white. Flag of the South African Republic The Flag of the South African Republic was the flag of the former", "South African Defence Force Ensign the national flag of South Africa, with a white fimbriation; and in the lower fly quarter the emblem of the South African Defence Force, to wit: On a white ground plan of the Castle of Good Hope, a dark blue erect anchor surmounted by a horizontal pair of steel blue wings and overall, a pair of orange swords in saltire; the whole within a border, the inner half of which is dark green and the outer half gold\". In 1994 following the fall of apartheid and election of Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa, the SADF was reorganised merging", "Coat of arms of South Africa arms were used. The original rendition (1910) was the only version used until 1930, and it continued to be used as the rank badge of warrant officers in the South African Defence Force and South African National Defence Force until 2002. The second version, painted in 1930 and known as the \"ordinary coat of arms\", and the third version, painted in 1932 and known as the \"embellished coat of arms\", were both used until 2000. Coat of arms of South Africa The present coat of arms of South Africa was introduced on Freedom Day 27 April 2000. It replaced the", "Governor-General of South Africa the Union Flag similarly ceased to have equal status with the South African flag. However, it was not until 1960 that Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd advised Governor-General Swart to hold a referendum on the issue. After several protests regarding the lowering of the voting age to 18, and the inclusion of white voters in South-West Africa, on 5 October 1960 South Africa's whites were asked: \"Are you in favour of a Republic for the Union?\" The result was 52 per cent in favour of the change. Swart, the last Governor-General, asked the Queen to relieve him of his duties on", "Flag of the Natalia Republic Rijksarchief in the Netherlands in 1953, shows a square flag. Flag of the Natalia Republic The flag of the Natalia Republic was the official flag of this short lived South African state, which existed from 1839 to 1843. Emigrant Boers ('voortrekkers') from the Cape Colony established an independent state in 1839, on territory conquered from the Zulus. They named it 'Natalia'. It is uncertain what flag – if any – they flew at first, but on 24 December 1839 they raised a new flag at Port Natal (now Durban. The same flag was raised in the capital, Pietermaritzburg, in January", "Flag of Lesotho Kingdom. It featured a prominent white \"mokorotlo\". The blue stood for sky and rain, the white for peace, the green for land, and the red for faith. A new flag, designed by Sergeant Retšelisitsoe Matete, was adopted on January 20, 1987, following a military coup which ousted the Basotho National Party after 20 years in power. A light brown traditional Basotho shield along with an assegai (lance) and knobkierrie (club) replaced the Basotho hat as the primary emblem. The colour scheme and pattern changed as well, with a triangular white field standing for peace. The bottom diagonal contained a blue", "Ian Smith a means to clarify Rhodesia's claimed constitutional status, end ambiguity regarding ties with Britain and elicit official foreign recognition and acceptance. Smith's government began exploring a republican constitution in March 1967. The Union Jack and Rhodesia's Commonwealth-style national flag—a defaced Sky Blue Ensign with the Union Jack in the canton—were formally superseded on 11 November 1968, the third anniversary of UDI, by a new national flag: a green-white-green vertical triband, charged centrally with the Rhodesian coat of arms. After the electorate voted \"yes\" in a June 1969 referendum both to a new constitution and to the abandoning of symbolic ties", "Louis Trichardt statue was vandalised, in February 2006, the old South African flag was found painted on the entrance to the Civic Centre. Road signs, street names and bridge walls had also been targeted. No arrests have been made in connection with the vandalism. On Thursday, 29 March 2007, the Supreme Court Appeal (SCA) ruled in favour of an appeal to reverse the name change ordered in June 2003. The successful appeal was lodged by the local group, the Chairpersons' Association. The SA Geographical Names Council met in Louis Trichardt, Limpopo, on Thursday 4 February 2010, to hear presentations on renaming the", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) following complaints from the ANC member of parliament Nomfunelo Mabedla, all the flags were removed from the parapet apart from the current flag of South Africa and the removed flags were placed in the castle's museum. In 2008, the flag was mistakenly put on posters in Ghana advertising that year's Africa Cup of Nations, sparking outrage in South Africa. Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) The flag of South Africa from 1928 to 1994 was used by the Union of South Africa and its successor state, the Republic of South Africa until 1994. It was also used in South-West Africa (now", "Flag of Rhodesia Throughout this time, the UK refused to recognise Rhodesia's independence and maintained that the light-blue ensign remained the official flag of the country, but in 1972, the Rhodesian Olympic team raised the 1923 Blue Ensign at the Olympic Village in Munich, while \"God Save The Queen\" was played. This was before its expulsion from the International Olympic Committee, four days before the opening of the 1972 Summer Olympics. In 1979, the country became known as Zimbabwe-Rhodesia and a new flag was adopted on 4 September that year featuring the pan-African colours of red, black, yellow and green, and the Zimbabwe", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) on South Africa and a badge of the Union Jack in the centre with the flags of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic. The Union Jack was mirrored in the new flag with the hoist on the right so that it did not take precedence over the others. This was denounced by D. F. Malan, then the South African Minister of Home Affairs, who described the group of miniature flags \"a scab... which will one day fall off\". In 1927, the Afrikaner majority Parliament of South Africa passed the Union Nationality & Flag Act, which stated that", "Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) also be the subject of public burnings during anti-apartheid protests. After 1989, F. W. de Klerk became state president and immediately unbanned the African National Congress (ANC) and released their leader Nelson Mandela from prison. De Klerk instigated negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa with Mandela's ANC. One of the ANC's demands was that the flag gradually decrease in usage in South African life and that a new flag be created, as black South Africans associated the current one with apartheid and Afrikaner nationalism. The negotiations led to the South African apartheid referendum, 1992 where voters approved the ending", "South African Defence Force Ensign new flag and the reorganization of the armed forces in South Africa as the South African National Defence Force but was still used for a few months after. From 1951, the individual branches of the South African Defence Force had their own flags and ensigns but there was no unified flag to symbolise the whole of the SADF. On 21 March 1981, the Chief of the South African Defence Force approved a design for the forces' unified ensign. The official description of it was \"A rectangular green flag in the proportion of two to three; within the upper hoist quarter", "Flag of Zambia Flag of Zambia The flag of Zambia is the national flag of Zambia. It was adopted upon independence on 24 October 1964. Before that, Zambia was the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia and used a defaced Blue Ensign as its flag. The current flag is used as both national flag and ensign. It is green with an orange-coloured African fish eagle in flight over a rectangular block of three vertical stripes, coloured, from left to right: red, black and orange. The placement of the eagle and block of stripes at the flag's fly is notable as most emblems and devices", "Southern African Vexillological Association a non-profit, non-political and non-sectarian organisation that under no circumstances will become affiliated or associated with any political or religious body or sect. The flag of the association is registered with the South African Bureau of Heraldry (Certificate Number 2362 issued on 4 October 1991) and is described as follows: A rectangular blue flag, proportion 3:2; bearing a gold chevron inverted, the tip couped, and in the centre five four-pointed stars, also white, conjoined in cross. Both the base and the tip of each chevron are respectively equal to half of the width of the flag, while the outer point", "Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (1894–1948) South Africans with Afrikaners who were willing to remain loyal to the British Crown. This was nothing new to Hofmeyr; his uncle Onze Jan had been active in this sphere throughout his career and had always had sympathy with English as language medium, and with the British Empire. On 31 May 1928 – the 18th celebration of Union Day and the first hoisting of a newly designed South African flag – Hofmeyr addressed the nation by radio broadcast, urging for \"the coming together of the two larger parties in South Africa, and the formation of a great new party of", "South African Defence Force Ensign South African Defence Force Ensign The South African Defence Force Ensign was the flag used by the South African Defence Force (SADF) as a unified flag for all of the South African Defence Forces after they had previously only used their own individual flags. It consisted of a green ensign with the flag of South Africa (known as the \"\"Oranje, Blanje, Blou\"\") in canton with a crest consisting of three symbols of the SADF forces inside an outline of the Castle of Good Hope. The flag was adopted in 1981 but was replaced in 1994 following the adoption of a", "Flag of the Orange River Colony was circular, and showed a springbok standing on a grassy base. It was evidently derived from the colony's new Public Seal, which depicted the British royal arms and a landscape scene showing three springboks standing in the veld. Flag of the Orange River Colony The Flag of the Orange River Colony was the official flag of the Orange River Colony in South Africa from 1903 to 1910. It formed part of a system of colonial flags that was used throughout the British Empire. It was superseded by the Flag of the Union of South Africa. In a series of decisions", "Scouts South Africa as \"Quo Vadis\" that was held on 2 July 1977. Although apartheid laws forbade several forms of multiracial association, the South African government failed to take any action against the Movement on racial grounds. Scouting was active during the period in several of the homelands, Transkei issuing Scout insignia and several including Bophuthatswana (the homeland where Mafikeng is located) issuing Scout-themed postage stamps. On 10 July 1995, \"The Boy Scouts of South Africa\" adopted a new constitution and changed its name to the \"South Africa Scout Association\", and also began accepting girls into its ranks. By 1999 girls were allowed", "Coat of arms of Zimbabwe that these arms were ever actually used by the Mwenemutapa. Coat of arms of Zimbabwe The current coat of arms of Zimbabwe was adopted on September 21, 1981, one year and five months after the national flag was adopted. Previously the coat of arms of Zimbabwe was identical to the former Coat of arms of Rhodesia. The coat of arms depicts two Kudus on the left and right, each standing on top of an earthly mound composed of stalks of wheat, a pile of cotton, and a head of maize. At their feet there is also a banner emblazoned with", "Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories Ensign as the national flag until 1965. \" \"* Note: New Zealand formally became a independent country from the United Kingdom in 1947 under the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 which formally adopted the Statute of Westminster 1931. \" \"* Note: South Africa formally became a independent country from the United Kingdom in 1931 after formally adopting the Statute of Westminster. \" Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories The Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories refers to the various flags that were used across the various Dominions, Crown Colonies, Protectorates, territories", "South African Defence Force Ensign the old one in its first parade in Pietersburg on 11 November 1994. South African Defence Force Ensign The South African Defence Force Ensign was the flag used by the South African Defence Force (SADF) as a unified flag for all of the South African Defence Forces after they had previously only used their own individual flags. It consisted of a green ensign with the flag of South Africa (known as the \"\"Oranje, Blanje, Blou\"\") in canton with a crest consisting of three symbols of the SADF forces inside an outline of the Castle of Good Hope. The flag was", "Cornelis Pama capacity he designed official insignia for the new Republic of South Africa in 1961 : the state president's sash of office and official flag, a new mace for the House of Assembly, and a new Black Rod for the Senate. From 1963 to 1989, he was a member of the Heraldry Council. In 1993, he served on the Commission for National Symbols, which was tasked with designing a new national flag and coat of arms (but whose recommendations were not accepted). Pama was chairman of the Heraldry Society of Southern Africa from 1957 until his death. He also edited the", "Flag of the Natalia Republic occupied Pietermaritzburg two months later. The flag was probably discontinued at that time or shortly afterwards. After three years of military occupation, the United Kingdom formally annexed Natalia, as 'Natal', in May 1844. The flag, and its design, passed into obscurity. They returned to public notice only after the South African Archives acquired the papers of Professor Ulrich Lauts in 1925. Back in 1847, Lauts had published a book (in the Netherlands) in which he described the flag as being in the colours of the Dutch flag (i.e. red, white and blue) and in the same order. \"The white, however,", "Flag of the Central African Republic vertical stripe connecting them both in unity, and the respect that Europeans and Africans should have for each other. The yellow star is intended to be indicative of independence. The Constitution of the Central African Republic describes the flag as \"four equal sized horizontal bands of the colours blue, white, green and yellow, perpendicularly barred in their centre by a red band of equal size and marked in the upper left corner by a yellow five pointed star.\" The flag of the Central African Republic was adopted by the Legislative Assembly on 1 December 1958. At the time it was", "Flag of Transvaal Flag of Transvaal The Flag of Transvaal was the official flag of the Transvaal colony in South Africa from \"circa\" 1903 to 1910. It formed part of a system of colonial flags that was used throughout the British Empire. It was superseded by the flag of the Union of South Africa. In a series of decisions made in 1864, 1865, and 1869, the British government decided that every colony should have a distinctive badge, to be displayed on flags at sea. The governor was to display the badge in the centre of the Union Jack when travelling by sea; vessels", "Flag of South Africa motion when Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990. When a nationwide public competition was held in 1993, the National Symbols Commission received more than 7,000 designs. Six designs were shortlisted and presented to the public and the Negotiating Council, but none elicited enthusiastic support. A number of design studios were then contacted to submit further proposals, but these also did not find favour. Parliament went into recess at the end of 1993 without a suitable candidate for the new national flag. In February 1994, Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer, the chief negotiators of the African National Congress and", "Flag of Zimbabwe flag is a \"reminder that the nation was born of pain\". It is a breach of Zimbabwean law to sell products bearing the colours of the national flag of the country. Flag of Zimbabwe The national flag of Zimbabwe consists of seven even horizontal stripes of green, gold, red and black with a white triangle containing a red 5-pointed star with a Zimbabwe Bird. The present design was adopted on 18 April 1980, when Zimbabwe won its independence from the United Kingdom. The soapstone bird featured on the flag represents a statuette of a bird found at the ruins of", "Prince's Flag and 1630 always displayed the Prince's Flag, and after 1663 always the red-white-blue \"Statenvlag\". The latter was introduced gradually during the 1630s to 1650s, and named \"States' Flag\" in 1664. The orange-white-blue flag formed the basis for the South African flag of 1928. It is also the basis for the flags of New York City and Albany, New York. After the republican Patriots, aided by the French, seized control over the Netherlands in 1795, the Prince's Flag was forbidden and the red-white-blue flag became the only official flag, to the content of the French, analogous as they were to their", "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika time at the parliament building in Cape Town, \"Die Stem\" was performed in Afrikaans and then in English as the new South African flag was raised. After 1994, it shared equal status with \"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\", which had long been a traditional hymn used by the ANC. In 1995, \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" was sung by a black choir at the Rugby World Cup final match, as it had been done at the 1994 South African presidential inauguration in Pretoria, first in Afrikaans and then in English. The practice of singing two different national anthems had been a cumbersome arrangement", "Flag of the African Union bottom. The AU was formed in 2002, without an official flag. In 2003, a competition was announced for designing a new emblem and flag. However, the Assembly of the African Union decided at the Addis Ababa session of 2004 to retain the emblem and flag of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity, and adopt them as the new AU flag and emblem. That flag was used from 1970 to 2002 as the OAU's flag. The color symbolism of the old flag is as follows: Flag of the African Union The current flag of the African Union was adopted at", "Flag of the Cape Colony shield was supported by a wildebeest and a gemsbok. The motto 'Spes Bona' ('Good Hope') was displayed below the shield. Flag of the Cape Colony The flag of Cape Colony was the official flag of the Cape Colony from 1876 to 1910. It formed part of a system of colonial flags that was used throughout the British Empire. In a series of decisions made in 1864, 1865, and 1869, the British government decided that every colony should have a distinctive badge, to be displayed on flags at sea. The governor was to display the badge in the centre of the", "Coat of arms of the Transvaal Coat of arms of the Transvaal The coat of arms of the Transvaal was the official heraldic symbol of the South African Republic from 1866 to 1877 and again from 1881 to 1902, and later the symbol of the Transvaal Province from 1954 to 1994. It is now obsolete. The South African Republic was established in 1857. On 18 February 1858, the Volksraad (legislature) resolved that the new state should have the following coat of arms: The earliest known appearance of the arms was on banknotes issued in 1866. The crudely drawn arms were depicted as a shield with a", "Coat of arms of the Transvaal The official blazon is: Coat of arms of the Transvaal The coat of arms of the Transvaal was the official heraldic symbol of the South African Republic from 1866 to 1877 and again from 1881 to 1902, and later the symbol of the Transvaal Province from 1954 to 1994. It is now obsolete. The South African Republic was established in 1857. On 18 February 1858, the Volksraad (legislature) resolved that the new state should have the following coat of arms: The earliest known appearance of the arms was on banknotes issued in 1866. The crudely drawn arms were depicted as", "South African Airways 48 aircraft, and served 34 destinations from its hubs at Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg. In 1997, SAA replaced the Springbok emblem and the old national colours of orange, white and blue with a new livery based upon the new national flag, with a sun motif. The airline's name on its aircraft was changed from the Afrikaans name \"Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens\" to \"South African\". As a symbol of the new rainbow nation, one of SAA's 747-300s, named \"Ndizani\" (registration ZS-SAJ), was painted in bright colours. This special-liveried 747-300 transported South African athletes to the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. The airline", "Flag of Cape Verde African colours of red, green and yellow, and was identical to the flag of Guinea-Bissau except for the proportions and the charge in the hoist-side stripe. Their similarity evoked the plans to unite both countries, which, however, were abandoned shortly after independence. Guinea-Bissau gained independence on 10 September 1974. Flag of Cape Verde The national flag of Cape Verde was adopted on September 22, 1992, replacing the flag adopted during Cape Verdean independence, fought for with Guinea-Bissau, another former Portuguese colony on mainland West Africa. The National Flag of the Republic of Cabo Verde has five unequal horizontal bands of" ]

[ 12.25 ]

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[ "How to Define Anode and Cathode 1 The cathode is the negatively charged electrode. 2 The cathode attracts cations or positive charge. 3 The cathode is the source of electrons or an electron donor. 4 It may accept positive charge." ]

[ "- Brad Yundt • Request Bio. 2.7k Views. Record a macro updating the chart min/max range, then edit that code and trigger it with a Worksheet_Change event sub, as suggested by others. In addition, you should definitely consider letting Microsoft know you need an easier way to solve this frequently asked question..4k Views. You could manipulate the Worksheet_Calculate option then write a quick VBA macro to set the min/max in the chart to a cell that uses the formula MIN(A2:A26) and MAX(A2:A26) for example.", "Cathode 1 In vacuum tubes (including cathode ray tubes) it is the negative terminal where electrons enter the device from the external circuit and proceed into the tube's near vacuum, constituting a positive current flowing out of the device.lectrons have a negative charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode.", "- Re: anode vs cathode??? OK so the terms anode and cathode are used to describe the function of the electrode. What they are saying on wikipedia means that the function of the electrode changes when the type of cell is changed.", "- A diode is reverse-biased when the positive (red) test lead is on the cathode and the negative (black) test lead is on the anode. The reverse-biased resistance of a good diode displays OL on a multimeter. The diode is bad if readings are the same in both directions.", "- Cathode Definition: A cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations are attracted to the cathode. Generally, the cathode is the negative electrode. How To Calculate Avogadro's Number Experimentally Here is how to determine Avogadro's number using an experiment. Advice on how to get an accurate value is also included.", "cathode 1. : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: a: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell b: the positive terminal of a galvanic cell. 2. : the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube; broadly: the negative electrode of a diode — compare anode.. : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: a: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell b: the positive terminal of a galvanic cell. 2. : the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube; broadly: the negative electrode of a diode — compare anode.", "Redox Reactions 1 The metal-A electrode is the anode. 2 The cathode is the electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place; in a galvanic cell, it is the positive electrode, as less oxidation occurs, fewer ions go into solution, and less electrons are left on the electrode.chematic of Zn-Cu galvanic cell. In its simplest form, a half-cell consists of a solid metal (called an electrode) that is submerged in a solution; the solution contains cations of the electrode metal and anions to balance the charge of the cations.", "- There are two main types of biasing: fixed biasing and cathode biasing. Fixed biasing does not mean the bias is not adjustable, in fact, it usually means the opposite. Cathode biasing is usually fixed, and not adjustable, and fixed biasing is usually adjustable with a small trimmer potentiometer, or trimpot.", "Anode The polarity of voltage on an anode with respect to an associated cathode varies depending on the device type and on its operating mode. In the following examples, the anode is negative in a device that provides power, and positive in a device that consumes power:", "Anode The opposite of an anode is a cathode. When the current through the device is reversed, the electrodes switch functions, so anode becomes cathode, while cathode becomes anode, as long as the reversed current is applied, with the exception of diodes where electrode naming is always based on the forward current direction.", "- (a) The negative cathode electrode reaction for the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution). The negative () cathode attracts the Na+ (from sodium chloride) and H+ ions (from water). Only the hydrogen ions are discharged at the cathode.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell up vote 1 down vote. The anode is the electrode at which the oxidation half-reaction takes place. In a galvanic cell the reaction is spontaneous, there is no external potential applied, and when the anode material is oxidized that makes the anode the negative electrode.", "What is âforwardâ and âreverseâ voltage when working with diodes? Reverse-bias is when the anode is negative and the cathode is positive. A lot of current flows when the diode is forward-biased, provided that the voltage is higher than 0.6V or so for a silicon diode or 0.3V or so for a germanium device. A very small amount of current flows if a diode is reverse-biased.", "Electrolysis The electric current enters the liquid at the positive plate (called the anode) and leaves it at the negative plate (called the cathode). In liquids the current is carried by ions. Ions are charged particles (atoms or groups of atoms). Ions can either be positive or negative, the positive ions being attracted to the negative plate and the negative ions to the positive plate.", "Cathode 1 In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator. For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode. 2 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device.", "Electrochemical Cell Conventions The cathode is the electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place; in a galvanic cell, it is the positive electrode, as less oxidation occurs, fewer ions go into solution, and less electrons are left on the electrode.", "Cathode 1 For example, the Daniell galvanic cell 's copper electrode is the positive terminal and the cathode. 2 In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator.", "Why is the cathode of an electrolytic cell negative? The natural (spontaneous) reaction is for the Copper to act as the cathode (Reduction). However by providing a voltage, such as in electrolysis, the Zinc is forced to become the Cathode. However the charge has always naturally been negative (in Zincs case).", "- Blue Jasmine is Woody Allen’s best film since Match Point. Like that film, it demonstrates his psychological wisdom and writing genius. Blue Jasmine has an interesting narrative structure; as Jasmine adjusts to her new life, we see segments of her old life with Hal periodically.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell. In a galvanic (voltaic) cell, the anode is considered negative and the cathode is considered positive. This seems reasonable as the anode is the source of electrons and cathode is where the electrons flow. However, in an electrolytic cell, the anode is taken to be positive while the cathode is now negative. However, the reaction is still similar, whereby electrons from the anode flow to the positive terminal of the battery, and electrons from the battery flow to the cathode.", "Anode 1 Reduction occurs at the cathode, or negative electrode. 2 Oxidation occurs at the anode, or positive electrode. 3 The charge on the electrodes is different for an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell: 4 The cathode is the negative in an electrolytic cell.5 The cathode is the positive in a galvanic cell. Oxidation occurs at the anode, or positive electrode. 2 The charge on the electrodes is different for an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell: 3 The cathode is the negative in an electrolytic cell. 4 The cathode is the positive in a galvanic cell. 5 Anions carry charge towards the anode.", "What is a cathode? Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode. Not the other way. There are tubes with three, four, and more elements, but they have these two basic elements. Chemistry The cathode is the electrode of a polarized electrical device, such as a galvanic cell, out of which positive electric current flows.", "9.5 - Electrolytic cells 9.5.2: State that oxidation occurs at the positive electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the negative electrode (cathode). Negative ions arrive at the anode, attracted by electrostatic forces, where they lose electrons.Loss of electrons is defined as oxidation.he negative electrode is called the cathode and the positiive electrode is called the anode. The inert electrodes are usually made of graphite or platinium wire. The reactions occur at the surface of the electrodes.", "- The cathode assembly. •The x-ray tube consists of cathode and an anode. enclosed within glass envelope and then encased in a. protective housing making up the necessary elements. to produce x-rays. •The cathode: - The cathode is the negative side of the x-ray tube that. consists of filament(s), focusing cup and loops of wires.", "Electrode The anode is now defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs (indicated by a minus symbol, −), and the cathode as the electrode at which electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs (indicated by a plus symbol, +).", "Which Is The Positive End Of A Diode? Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, and they're always polarized. For small positive voltage ( forward bias, or sometimes foward light emitting diodes, commonly known as leds, brighten up most of our electronic the anode is side, while cathode negative end.", "ELECTROLYTIC CELL VS GALVANIC CELL Here, the anode is positive and cathode is the negative electrode. The reaction at the anode is oxidation and that at the cathode is reduction. The electrons are supplied by the species getting oxidized. They move from anode to the cathode in the external circuit.", "Mark H.Size: 70What 3 parts does the X-ray tube consist of?1)Cathode 2)Anode3)Glass Tube HousingThe cathode side is the ___ side of the X-ray tube?NegativeWhat are the 3 functions of the Cathode?1)Produce a Thermionic Cloud 2)Conduct the High Voltage b/w the Cathode and Anode3)To Focus the Electron StreamCan X-rays still be produced without a focusing cup?YesWhen you select a focal point you're selecting how many electrons to boil off the filament wire. This is known as?Thermionic admissionList the 3 parts of the cathode assembly1)Filaments 2)Focusing cup3)Associated wiringWhat is the filament wire made of? How thick is it?List two reasons why Tungsten is used. Include the number Some tubes use Molybdenum atomic number = ___ and Rhenium atomic number = ___The filament wire only contributes to what radiographic quality? Most modern X-ray tubes have small and large focal spots also called?A small focal spot is __to__mm long and a large focal spot is __to__mm long The purpose of a the filament is to provide enough resistance to the flow of electrons so that the heat produced will causeElectrons leave the surface of wire and form a cloud called? When high voltage is applied the cloud will then be drawn towards?Which side of the X-ray tube produces X-rays? The average filament life has about __to__ hours or about ___ to ___ exposuresA shallow depression in which the filament sits is called the? In order to focus the electrons the focusing cup is ____ chargedWhat is the purpose of the focusing cup? If the focusing cup does not work there will be a decrease in density on the film and a decrease in tube efficiency this is known as?Define the space charge effect? List the 3 parts to the AnodeThe anode serves as what 4 things? X-rays are produced from the sudden STOP of electrons at the Anode target. List the 2 types of AnodesStationary anodes are a clock of tungsten thats imbedded in the 45dg angled copper rod. Stationary Anodes are only found in The rotating anode provides a greater surface area and dissipates heat better so its used in modern X-ray unitsHow big is the rotating anode in diameter? What is it primarily made of? What is the target focal track made of?What is the anode disk backing made of? What are the 3 advantages of using tungsten as a target material?What are the 4 advantages of Rhenium Alloy as a target material? What is the 1 advantage to using Graphite/Molybdenum as a backing?The majority of Anodes are Stress Relieved Anodes because they dissipate heat efficiently. However, you MUST warm up the tube even the anode is stress relieved you could break the tube if not warmed up. The points that are grooved in the Anode are called? What are the 5 other words for the Target Area?What is the purpose of the Focal Area/point? Define the difference between the Actual Focal spot and the Effective Focal spot.The Effective Focal spot is controlled by? What is the Line Focus principle? What is it based off of?The Anode Angle ranges from __to__dgs but the most common angle is ___dg B/c of the geometry of the angled Anode Target, the radiation intensity is greater on the Cathode Side. This is known as what?The Induction Motor Consists of what 2 things? The Stator is located outside of the glass envelope. The Stator is a series of _____ that rotate the ____The Rotator Turns the ____. But if the stator Fails, the rotor will not turn the Anode thus causing what 3 things? The Rotor is located inside the ___. What 2 things must happen in order for the rotor to turn?The rotor revolves at ____to____RPM? What about a High Speed Rotor? What is the Glass envelope made of?The Glass envelope encloses all of the Anode and Cathode assembly except for what? What is the thinner section called where the primary beam exits the tube?The Glass Envelope maintains what? The Protective housing functions as what 3 things?The Glass Envelopes made of metal (Metal Envelopes) are more common in ____ procedures because there is more heat involved After the Glass Envelope is constructed ___ is removed from the tube which prolongs the tube life allowing the flow of electrons to flow w/o interference of gas from the air.What surrounds the Glass envelope? The Protective housing absorbs what 2 things?X-rays are produced ________ What 2 things make up the Protective Housing?Leakage radiation must not exceed ____mR/hour at 1 meter? What fills the space between the Protective housing and the Glass Envelope?Some Tubes use a small ___ attached to the Protective housing to dissipate the heat One end of the tube is sealed with an _____ _____ which permits oil to expand as heated.X-rays that were not produced at the focal spot are known as what? Off Focus Radiation can contribute as much as __% to __% of the primary beamWhat is the most common cause of Tube Failure? What is Arcing?Delayed Exposures can shorten the tube life by __% to __% or about _____ exposures Pitting is caused by?Cracking is caused by? Melting is caused by?Refer to the following pages in Carlton Adler 1) Allows double heat loading capabilities. The majority of Anodes are Stress Relieved Anodes because they dissipate heat efficiently. However, you MUST warm up the tube even the anode is stress relieved you could break the tube if not warmed up.", "Question: In an electrochemical cell, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The cathode is the... Question: In an electrochemical cell, which of the following... In an electrochemical cell, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs. B. The anode is electrode where oxidation occurs. C. A spontaneous electrochemical cell is called a galvanic cell. D. A salt bridge provides electrical contact between the half-cells.", "Cathode ray Since the electrons have a negative charge, they are repelled by the cathode and attracted to the anode. They travel in straight lines through the empty tube. The voltage applied between the electrodes accelerates these low mass particles to high velocities.", "Why is the Anode positive if Anions are negativeâ¦? Faraday also introduced the words anion for a negatively charged ion, and cation for a positively charged one. In Faraday's nomenclature, cations were named because they were attracted to the cathode in a galvanic device and anions were named due to their attraction to the anode.", "Electrochemistry: Galvanic Cells and the Nernst Equation Electrons flow from the anode (electron provider or electron source) to the cathode (electron receiver or electron sink). If the voltmeter has a positive reading, the black wire is on the anode and the red wire is on the cathode.", "Cathode A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. This definition is sometimes remembered using the mnemonic CCD for cathode current departs. A conventional current describes the direction in which positive electronic charges move.lectrons have a negative charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode.", "Diodes When a diode is conducting current it’s forward biased (electronics jargon for “on”). The current-voltage relationship of an ideal diode. Any negative voltage produces zero current – an open circuit. As long as the voltage is non-negative the diode looks like a short circuit.", "Cathodic protection This is a process of disbondment of protective coatings from the protected structure (cathode) due to the formation of hydrogen ions over the surface of the protected material (cathode). Disbonding can be exacerbated by an increase in alkali ions and an increase in cathodic polarization.", "- Diodes are small cylindrical shaped components which are consisted of two leads, the Anode and the Cathode. The Cathode is the striped side of the diode. Usually a diode is black in color with a gray stripe, marking the Cathode side of the diode. Current will flow through a diode in one direction only. When the Anode side of the diode is facing towards the positive source of voltage, it will allow the circuit to be completed, and is considered Forward Biased.", "Ions Negative ions come from non-metals, (or from non-metals combined with a metal). You will find the non-metals on the right hand side of your periodic table.First have a look at Group VIII, these are the Noble Gases; they do not make ions, they are inert or unreactive.", "Why is the cathode of an electrolytic cell negative? Reduction (Gain of electrons) occurs at the Cathode (by definition). Now in a galvanic cell, the redox reaction happens spontaneously (without outside power). i.e. the electrode that the negative electrons move towards is defined as the Cathode and positive (as naturally they attract electrons.)", "Why is the cathode of an electrolytic cell negative? i.e. the electrode that the negative electrons move towards is defined as the Cathode and positive (as naturally they attract electrons.) Now in an electrolytic cell, electrons ARE FORCED (via a voltage) to be reduced at the cathode. In this case the the cathode is negative as a force is required to push the electrons.", "- In cathode bias a small value resistor is placed between the cathode and the ground so it develops negative voltage on the cathode thus achieving bias. As you hit a note the tube calls for more power and negative voltage on the cathode decreases briefly changing the tubes bias.he terms cathode bias and fixed bias are often used to describe amps but lots of folks are not really sure what they mean. I will briefly provide a technical explanation and then provide some bullet points of the major differences in tone, maintenance and power.", "How can I remember what cathode and anode are clearly? In reality, electronic (negative) current flows from the anode to the cathode. In a charging battery, wherein energy from the circuit is charging the battery (RIGHT IMAGE), the reverse is true: positive current flows from anode to cathode and electronic current flows from cathode to anode.", "What is the Galvanic Cell? The half-cell that releases cations is known as the anode, and the one that attracts cations is called the cathode. The two half-cells in a Galvanic cell must be kept separate in order to preserve the composition of the salt solutions, so they are connected by a salt bridge or a porous plate.", "- Reduction always occurs at the cathode. Electrons flow from the power source in the outside circuit to the cathode, and they reduce one of the species in the solution. steve_geo1 · 5 years ago. Thumbs up.eduction always occurs at the cathode. Electrons flow from the power source in the outside circuit to the cathode, and they reduce one of the species in the solution. steve_geo1 · 5 years ago. Thumbs up.", "cathode Define cathode: the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs:; the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs:; the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell…", "- 1 If the positive side of a voltage source is connected to the positive end of the diode (the anode), and the negative side is connected to the negative end of the diode (the cathode), the diode will conduct current. 2 If the diode is reversed, the current is blocked (up to a limit).", "- Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Though it's a vague question, Anode: negative terminal where the electron flow from Cathode: Positive terminal, where the electron flow to Thus in electrochemistry, anode is where oxidation (loss of electron) occurs. Cathode is where reduction (gain of electron) occurs.Answer: Therefore, anode reaction is where oxidation occurred, cathode reaction is where reduction happened. Hope this helps.athode is where reduction (gain of electron) occurs. Answer: Therefore, anode reaction is where oxidation occurred, cathode reaction is where reduction happened. Hope this helps.", "Special-purpose Diodes A silicon p–n junction in reverse bias. Connecting the p-type region to the negative terminal of the battery and the n-type region to the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than the anode.he same is true of an n-doped semiconductor, but the junction between them can become depleted of charge carriers, and hence non-conductive, depending on the relative voltages of the two semiconductor regions.", "- 1 The cathode is the electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place; in a galvanic cell, it is the positive electrode, as less oxidation occurs, fewer ions go into solution, and less electrons are left on the electrode.chematic of Zn-Cu galvanic cell. In its simplest form, a half-cell consists of a solid metal (called an electrode) that is submerged in a solution; the solution contains cations of the electrode metal and anions to balance the charge of the cations.", "Diodes 1 Forward bias: When the voltage across the diode is positive the diode is “on” and current can run through. 2 The voltage should be greater than the forward voltage (V F) in order for the current to be anything significant.", "- A rotating anode promotes cooling between exposures by distributing the intense beam from the cathode over the surface of the anode. A rotating anode tube lasts a lot longer t … han a stationary x-ray tube. Grid Controlled X-ray Tube is a triode in which a third electrode is introduced between the Anode and Cathode. This electrode is normally neutral so the x-ray production can … take place.", "Cathode 1 This outward current is carried internally by positive ions moving from the electrolyte to the positive cathode (chemical energy is responsible for this uphill motion). 2 It is continued externally by electrons moving inwards, this negative charge moving inwards constituting positive current flowing outwards.", "Piers Morgan Morgan is a former judge on America's Got Talent and Britain's Got Talent. In 2008 he won Celebrity Apprentice. He presents Piers Morgan's Life Stories on ITV in the UK. Morgan began his career in Fleet Street as a writer and editor for several British tabloids, including The Sun, News of the World and the Daily Mirror.s editor of the Daily Mirror, in 1996 Morgan was forced to apologise on television for the headline (rendered in upper case) Achtung Surrender! For You Fritz Ze Euro Championship Is Over on 25 June 1996, a day before England met Germany in a semi-final of the Euro '96 football championships.", "Basic Electronics If the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed, then the diode will be reverse biased and will appear non-conducting. Almost no current will flow and there will be a large voltage across the device. Fig - 2 : Reverse Biased Diode. The non-symmetric behavior is due to the detailed properties of the pn-junction.", "- exists and is an alternate of . Depending on colours of course black is usually negative and the other colour (generally red but depends) is positive. Get a D-cell Battery. Now get two pieces of speaker wire. hold one wire on the positive terminal of the battery and hold the other on the negative side of the battery.", "cathode Medical Definition of CATHODE. 1. : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: as a: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell b: the positive terminal of a storage battery that is delivering current.2. : the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube—compare anode.. : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: as a: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell b: the positive terminal of a storage battery that is delivering current.", "Why is the Anode positive if Anions are negativeâ¦? The anode is not always the positive lead. It is the electrode through which electric current flows into a polarized electrical device. For a discharging battery, this is the negative lead. This is how I connected anode/anion and cathode/cation during chemistry class when we were discussing batteries. I was confused when I learned that for other components, such as an LED, the kathode is negative, and the anode is positive.", "- Cathodic Protection, CP, on the other hand controls corrosion by providing excess electrons to the pipe surface. This system is based on the electrical circuit, where the negative terminal of electrical source is connected to the pipe and the positive terminal to the anode that is placed in the soil.", "- The elements that are most likely to form negative ions are the halogens. Halogens have 7 valence electrons and will readily acquire an 8th to form an anion.", "Cold cathode Cold-cathode fluorescent lamp A cold cathode is distinguished from a hot cathode that is heated to induce thermionic emission of electrons. Discharge tubes with hot cathodes have an envelope filled with low-pressure gas and containing two electrodes.", "Cathode 1 In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator.he flow of electrons is almost always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode. An exception is when a diode reverse-conducts, either by accident (breakdown of a normal diode) or by design (breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode).", "- exists and is an alternate of . The Grand Coulee Dam is located in the state of Washington in the United States. Currently, there are visitors that come to see the dam, with tours of the nearby power plant available nearly every day. The Grand Coulee Dam is located in the state of Washington in the United States.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell At the cathode, on the other hand, you have the reduction reaction which consumes electrons (leaving behind positive (metal) ions at the electrode) and thus leads to a build-up of positive charge in the course of the reaction until electrochemical equilibrium is reached. Thus the cathode is positive. Electrolytic cell.", "- A positive electrode is an “anode,” a terminal through which the negative charge leaves a cell as the current flows into the cell from the outside. Conversely, a negative electrode is a “cathode,” a terminal through which the negative charge enters a cell as the current flows out. Continue Reading.", "Cathode and Anode Half-Cell Reactions The anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs and electrons are lost. The cathode is where reduction takes place and electrons are gained. These reactions don't occur separately; they must work together in a reduction-oxidation reaction.For this next section, let's assume the electrodes are zinc and copper.o determine the voltage of any cell, subtract the electrode potential of the anode from that of the cathode and you get the electrode potential of the cell, or voltage. Eo cell = Eo cathode-Eo anode. Corrosion is when metal is gradually destroyed through chemical reactions, and it is a real problem in our daily lives.", "Electrochemical Cell Conventions Since the direction is reversed of the voltaic cell, the E 0 cell for electrolytic cell is negative. Also, in order to force the electrons to flow in the opposite direction, the electromotive force that connects the two electrode-the battery must be larger than the magnitude of E 0 cell.", "How to Define Anode and Cathode Flow of Current. The anode and cathode are defined by the flow of current. In the general sense, current refers to any movement of electrical charge. However, you should keep in mind the convention that current direction is according to where a positive charge would move, not a negative charge. It may accept positive charge. 2 Because the cathode may generate electrons, which typically are the electrical species doing the actual movement, it may be said that cathodes generate charge or that current moves from the cathode to the anode.", "Transcranial direct-current stimulation When negative stimulation (cathodal tDCS) is delivered, the current causes a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential. This decreases neuron excitability due to the decreased spontaneous cell firing. Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change throughout life based on experiences.", "How to Cut Out Difficult Images in Paint.NET Click on the area you'd like to remove from your image. Use the Tolerance slider in Paint.NET's toolbar, to adjust the tool's sensitivity. Drag the slider to the left, if the Magic Wand selects too much of the image.", "- Connecting the p-type region to the negative terminal of the battery and the n-type region to the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than the anode. Therefore, no current will flow until the diode breaks down.", "Why is the anode positive in the electrolytic cell and negative in the voltaic cell? Best Answer: A voltaic cell represents a spontaneous reaction. You are correct in that oxidation always occurs at the anode, regardless of the type of cell. Since oxidation is the loss of electrons, an element (typically a metal) will be losing electrons and forming ions in solution at the anode.", "- Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell. The anode is the electrode where the oxidation reaction \\begin{align} \\ce{Red -> Ox + e-} \\end{align} takes place while the cathode is the electrode where the reduction reaction \\begin{align} \\ce{Ox + e- -> Red} \\end{align} takes place.", "- 1 In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator.lectrons have a negative charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode.", "What is a cathode? In a battery like the one in a vehicle, the positive terminal is the cathode. The car battery, which is a lead-acid battery, also has an electrode that is the compliment to the cathode: the anode. It's the negative terminal of the battery, and positive electric current flows into this electrode.", "Lithium-ion battery The anode is the electrode where oxidation (loss of electrons) takes place; in a galvanic cell, it is the negative electrode, as when oxidation occurs, electrons are left behind on the electrode. These electrons then migrate to the cathode (positive electrode).", "Standard Electrode Potentials Reduction at cathode. The cell potential (often called the electromotive force or emf) has a contribution from the anode which is a measure of its ability to lose electrons-it will be called its oxidation potential. The cathode has a contribution based on its ability to gain electeons, its reduction potential.ince the tabulated standard electrode potentials are reduction potentials, the one which is most negative will need to be reversed in sign to get its oxidation potential. When that is done, it is clear that the theoretical standard cell potential for the zinc-copper cell is 1.10 volts.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell In a galvanic (volatic) cell, the anode is considered negative and the cathode is considered positive. This seems reasonable as the anode is the source of electrons and and the cathode is where the electrons flow to. However, in an electrolytic cell, the anode is taken to be positive while the cathode is now negative.However, the reaction is still similar, whereby electrons from the anode flow to the positive terminal of the battery, and electrons from the battery flow to the cathode.. @user2612743 In an electrolytic cell you are the person that determines which electrode is positive and which is negative via the external potential. And this external potential doesn't get altered in the course of the reaction because the sucked in electrons are transported away by the voltage source.", "- When a diode allows current flow, it is forward-biased. When a diode is reverse-biased, it acts as an insulator and does not permit current to flow. Strange but true: The diode symbol's arrow points against the direction of electron flow.", "- As indicated in the previous slide, the cathode structure is electrically negative. is negative because it is a source of electrons. magnified view of the cathode face and it shows dual filaments. a time will work.", "- Different materials have different values of work function. Generally, elements with low I.P values have low work function such as Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. The negative potential of the plate 'C' at which the photo electric current becomes zero is called stopping potential or cut-off potential. Stopping potential is that value of retarding potential difference between two plates which is just sufficient to halt the most energetic photo electrons emitted.", "Anode In the following examples, the anode is positive in a device that consumes power, and the anode is negative in a device that provides power: 1 In a discharging battery or galvanic cell (diagram at right), the anode is the negative terminal because it is where the current flows into the device (i.e. the battery cell).", "What is an Electrode? An anode is an electrode at which current leaves the cell and oxidation takes place... A cathode is described as a negative electrode. Current enters the cell at the cathode and reduction takes place. Electrons are repelled from the cathode.n example is the production of sodium metal from molten salt, or sodium chloride. When the current flows, positively charged sodium ions are attracted to the negative electrode, or cathode, where they gain electrons, forming sodium metal.", "Module 2.0 When the diode is reverse biased (the anode connected to a negative voltage and the cathode to a positive voltage), as shown in Fig. 2.0.6, positive holes are attracted towards the negative voltage on the anode and away from the junction.", "Anode Signs in Galvanic vs. Electrolytic cells Oxidation always happens in the anode (both vowels) Reduction always happens in the cathode (both consonants) that is independent if the cell is galvanic or electrolytic. The electrons are always going to be moving from the anode to the cathode. Then, you just have to think about the spontaneity of the cell.", "- The rays produced in a cathode tube in early experiments were actually just streams of electrons. They had a negative charge, which was discovered by JJ Thomson when he pl … aced a magnet next to his cathode ray tube and say the ray bend. Answered.", "- It is suggested (see Belanger, 2010 for the full argument), that a current density of no more than 0.5mA/cm2 is applicable at the negative(cathode) electrode and 1.0mA/cm2 at the positive(anodal) electrode.", "Which Is The Positive End Of A Diode? Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, and they’re always polarized. A diode has two terminals. The positive side is called the anode, and the negative one is called the cathode. The diode circuit symbol, with the anode and cathode marked.", "Cold cathode A cold-cathode vacuum tube does not rely on external heating of an electrode to provide thermionic emission of electrons. Early cold-cathode devices included the Geissler tube and Plucker tube, and early cathode ray tubes. Study of the phenomena in these devices led to the discovery of the electron.", "Redox Reactions 1 The metal-A electrode is the anode. 2 The cathode is the electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place; in a galvanic cell, it is the positive electrode, as less oxidation occurs, fewer ions go into solution, and less electrons are left on the electrode.", "Comparison Between Electrochemical Cell and Electrolytic Cell The two half cells are set up in different containers and are connected through salt. bridge or porous partition. 4. In galvanic cell, anode is negative and cathode is positive. 5. The electrons move from anode to cathode in external circuit. 1. In electrolytic cell, electrical energy is consumed.", "- Because an electron carries a negative charge and in electricity, opposites attract. Particles with a negative charge will be drawn to the positive charge in the cathode t…ube. 31 people found this useful.", "Cathode A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. (This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for cathode current departs.) A conventional current describes the direction in which positive electronic charges move.", "Cold cathode A cold cathode[1] is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament.[note 1] A cathode may be considered cold if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps, discharge tubes, and some types of vacuum tube.", "- The function of the high voltage (between the cathode and an anode placed closer to the screen) is to attract these electrons towards the screen of the CRT. So a 'cathode ray' is simply a beam of electrons which, of course, are negatively charged. 1 person found this useful.", "Cathode A cathode is a type of electrode through which electrons move. Electrodes are an electrical conductor (usually a metal) that is connected to something that is not a metal. The cathode type of electrode delivers electrons (negative charge) and the anode collects electrons (has the positive charge).This lets an electrical current go into an electrical device such as a battery.n other words, a cathode is a positive electrode on a battery and a negative electrode on an electrolytic cell. Electric current is perceived as flowing in the opposite direction that the electrons are flowing. So electrons go into the + terminal of a battery, but electric current goes out.", "Lithium-ion battery 1 The anode is the electrode where oxidation (loss of electrons) takes place; in a galvanic cell, it is the negative electrode, as when oxidation occurs, electrons are left behind on the electrode.", "Electrode When the cell is being charged, the anode becomes the positive (+) and the cathode the negative (−) electrode. This is also the case in an electrolytic cell. When the cell is being discharged, it behaves like a primary cell, with the anode as the negative and the cathode as the positive electrode.", "Reducing agent The anode is an element that loses electrons (reducing agent), thus oxidation always occurs in the anode, and the cathode is an element that gains electrons (oxidizing agent), thus reduction always occurs in the cathode. Corrosion occurs whenever there’s a difference in oxidation potential.", "Cathode Definition and Identification Tips By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Definition: A cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations are attracted to the cathode.Generally, the cathode is the negative electrode.y Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Definition: A cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations are attracted to the cathode.", "It's Elemental History and Uses: Nitrogen was discovered by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. It is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, which contains an estimated 4,000 trillion tons of the gas.", "Why is the cathode of an electrolytic cell negative? Whether an electrolytic cell or galvanic cell. Reduction (Gain of electrons) occurs at the Cathode (by definition). Now in a galvanic cell, the redox reaction happens spontaneously (without outside power). Now in an electrolytic cell, electrons ARE FORCED (via a voltage) to be reduced at the cathode. In this case the the cathode is negative as a force is required to push the electrons.", "- The potential difference between the cathode and anode are set up from the chemical reaction. Inside the battery electrons are pushed by the chemical reaction toward the positive end creating a potential difference. It is this potential difference that drives the electrons through the wire.", "Which side of diode is anode and which is cathode on the diode in a schematic? Confidence votes 42.1K. The anode is the arrow shaped end, while the cathode is the bar shaped end. You can remember this by recalling that current flows from anode to cathode in an ordinary diode; well, that is, if you use the trick of assuming that current is hole flow, rather than electron flow, a useful and common convention.", "What is a positive ion called? The opposite, a negative ion, is called an anion. It is attracted to the anode. The movement of ions between the cathode and anode is what creates the energy you use.", "Anode The currents outside the device are usually carried by electrons in a metal conductor. The flow of electrons is opposite to conventional current because electrons have a negative charge. Consequently, electrons leave the device via the anode, and electrons enter the device through the cathode.", "Lightning A negative charge is built up on a conductor that has more electrons than normal, and a positive charge is (by comparison) built up on a conductor that has fewer electrons than normal. The positive terminal still has lots of electrons, orbiting the atoms of the solid metal, but has a net balance of more protons in the nuclei of those atoms than electrons.", "Polarity Diode and LED Polarity. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, and they’re always polarized. A diode has two terminals. The positive side is called the anode, and the negative one is called the cathode. The diode circuit symbol, with the anode and cathode marked. Current through a diode can only flow from the anode to the cathode, which would explain why it’s important for a diode to be connected in the correct direction. Physically, every diode should have some sort of indication for either the anode or cathode pin.", "Cathode 1 In vacuum tubes (including cathode ray tubes) it is the negative terminal where electrons enter the device from the external circuit and proceed into the tube's near vacuum, constituting a positive current flowing out of the device.he flow of electrons is almost always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode. An exception is when a diode reverse-conducts, either by accident (breakdown of a normal diode) or by design (breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode).", "Reducing agent The anode is an element that loses electrons (reducing agent), thus oxidation always occurs in the anode, and the cathode is an element that gains electrons (oxidizing agent), thus reduction always occurs in the cathode.", "Cold cathode Cold cathode. A cold cathode is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament. A cathode may be considered cold if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps, discharge tubes, and some types of vacuum tube. The other type of cathode is a hot cathode, which is heated by electric current passing through a filament. A cold cathode does not necessarily operate at a low temperature: it is often heated to its operating", "- When the current only goes in one direction (from anode to cathode) and the voltage drop across the diode is always 0.7V (or 0.6V), then the voltage at the anode has to be about 0.6V higher than at the cathode. We say the diode is in forward bias.", "- Reaction at CATHODE: 1 H+H+ and Ag+Ag+ ions are attracted to the cathode. 2 Ag+Ag+ ions are preferentially discharged as Ag+Ag+ is lower than H+H+ in the electrochemical series. 3 Each Ag+Ag+ ion gains one electron to form one silver atom. 4 Silver is deposited on the silver cathode. 5 Ag+(aq)+e−→Ag(s)Ag+(aq)+e−→Ag(s)", "9.5 - Electrolytic cells 9.5.2: State that oxidation occurs at the positive electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the negative electrode (cathode). Negative ions arrive at the anode, attracted by electrostatic forces, where they lose electrons.Loss of electrons is defined as oxidation.he negative electrode is called the cathode and the positiive electrode is called the anode. The inert electrodes are usually made of graphite or platinium wire. The reactions occur at the surface of the electrodes. The power supply is usually symbolised by a short fat line (negative) and a long thin line (positive).", "Positive and Negative Ions: Cations and Anions RELATED ARTICLES. Cations (positively-charged ions) and anions (negatively-charged ions) are formed when a metal loses electrons, and a nonmetal gains those electrons. The electrostatic attraction between the positives and negatives brings the particles together and creates an ionic compound, such as sodium chloride. A metal reacts with a nonmetal to form an ionic bond. You can often determine the charge an ion normally has by the element’s position on the periodic table: The alkali metals (the IA elements) lose a single electron to form a cation with a 1+ charge. The alkaline earth metals (IIA elements) lose two electrons to form a 2+ cation.", "Cathode Diagram of a copper cathode in a galvanic cell (e.g., a battery). A positive current i flows out of the cathode. A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. (This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for cathode current departs.) A conventional current describes the direction in which positive electronic charges move.", "- (a) The negative cathode electrode reaction for the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution). The negative () cathode attracts the Na+ (from sodium chloride) and H+ ions (from water). Only the hydrogen ions are discharged at the cathode.The more reactive a metal, the less readily its ion is reduced on the electrode surface.he negative () cathode attracts the Na+ (from sodium chloride) and H+ ions (from water). Only the hydrogen ions are discharged at the cathode. The more reactive a metal, the less readily its ion is reduced on the electrode surface.", "- Definition of cathode. 1 : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs:a : the negative terminal of an electrolytic cellb : the positive terminal of a galvanic cell.", "- Medical Definition of CATHODE. 1. : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: as a: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell b: the positive terminal of a storage battery that is delivering current.2. : the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube—compare anode.. : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: a: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cell b: the positive terminal of a galvanic cell. 2. : the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube; broadly: the negative electrode of a diode — compare anode.", "Chemical Forums In chemistry the cathode is a positive terminal as it gains negatively charged electrons and the anode is the positive terminal where it disperses its electrons. If it is in between it is called a bipolar where it functions as one anode cell and one cathode cell.", "- Self biasing stage. An obvious way to get a negative bias without having a negative supply is to put a positive voltage on the cathode; the tube will now see a negative bias. And the simplest way to do that is to insert a resistor in series with the cathode.", "Cathode For example, the Daniell galvanic cell's copper electrode is the positive terminal and the cathode. In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator.", "Cathode 1 For example, the Daniell galvanic cell 's copper electrode is the positive terminal and the cathode. 2 In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator. For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode. 2 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device.", "How to Define Anode and Cathode Flow of Current. The anode and cathode are defined by the flow of current. In the general sense, current refers to any movement of electrical charge. However, you should keep in mind the convention that current direction is according to where a positive charge would move, not a negative charge. So, if electrons do the actual moving in a cell, then current runs the opposite direction.", "- As indicated in the previous slide, the cathode structure is electrically negative. This. is negative because it is a source of electrons. Note that the diagram shows a. magnified view of the cathode face and it shows dual filaments. Only one filament at. a time will work.", "How can I remember what cathode and anode are clearly? In a discharging battery (Galvanic cell), the anode is the negative terminal, and cathode is positive. In a recharging battery (Electrolytic cell), the opposite happens, anode is positive and cathode is negative. Here, the mnemonic PRANC (rhymes with prank) can be used, P- Positive.", "How can I remember what cathode and anode are clearly? This can be pretty confusing at times, happened to me as well. Its because the anodes and cathodes change signs under different conditions. In a discharging battery (Galvanic cell), the anode is the negative terminal, and cathode is positive. In a recharging battery (Electrolytic cell), the opposite happens, anode is positive and cathode is negative.", "How to Define Anode and Cathode Cathode and Anode. Remember, charge can flow either from positive to negative or from negative to positive! Because of this, the anode could be positively charged or negatively charged, depending on the situation. The same is true for the cathode.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell However, in an electrolytic cell, the anode is taken to be positive while the cathode is now negative. However, the reaction is still similar, whereby electrons from the anode flow to the positive terminal of the battery, and electrons from the battery flow to the cathode.", "Cathode 1 For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode. 2 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device.", "Cathode Ray Experiment Thomson's Cathode Ray Second Experiment. Like all great scientists, he did not stop there, and developed the second stage of the experiment, to prove that the rays carried a negative charge. To prove this hypothesis, he attempted to deflect them with an electric field.", "Cathode A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. This definition is sometimes remembered using the mnemonic CCD for cathode current departs. A conventional current describes the direction in which positive electronic charges move.he flow of electrons is almost always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode. An exception is when a diode reverse-conducts, either by accident (breakdown of a normal diode) or by design (breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode).", "Anodic or Cathodic E-Coat? Now, here is basically what the guidebook says about cathodic E-coat. “Cathodic deposition, where positively charged paint particles are attracted to a negatively charged part, involves much less iron incorporation into the depositing film and consequently offers substantially improved corrosion resistance.", "Why is the cathode of an electrolytic cell negative? Whether an electrolytic cell or galvanic cell. Reduction (Gain of electrons) occurs at the Cathode (by definition). Now in a galvanic cell, the redox reaction happens spontaneously (without outside power). Now in an electrolytic cell, electrons ARE FORCED (via a voltage) to be reduced at the cathode.", "What is a cathode? A cathode is the element of an electron tube from which electrons flow. Back in the day, current was thought to be positive, but we understand things differently now. In the old school version, the cathode was the element into which positive charges flowed.n a battery like the one in a vehicle, the positive terminal is the cathode. The car battery, which is a lead-acid battery, also has an electrode that is the compliment to the cathode: the anode.", "Which side of diode is anode and which is cathode on the diode in a schematic? The exception, of course, is the zener diode, where current flows in both directions, but at different potentials. In this case, there are two 45 degree angled bars at the end of the cathode symbol, and the normal configuration of current flow is cathode to anode, backwards with respect to an ordinary diode.", "cathode ray The spectrum of the salts under excitation of cathode rays is a short continuous one in the blue region. This experiment shows that the cathode rays are accompanied by a stream of negative electrification. Fig. 220 shows a Crookes tube fitted with a metal plate, so that the cathode rays coming from C will strike it.", "- Cathode Definition: A cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations are attracted to the cathode. Generally, the cathode is the negative electrode. Article. Chemistry. How To Calculate Avogadro's Number Experimentally Here is how to determine Avogadro's number using an experiment.", "Homework Help: Anode vs cathode? Hello everyone :) I am having a problem understanding the difference between the anode and cathode in electrochemistry. What I know so far is that the anode is the electrode at which oxidation takes place (and hence donates electrons) and the cathode is the electrode at which reduction takes place (and hence accepts these electrons).", "Anode Signs in Galvanic vs. Electrolytic cells While for electrolytic, which is not spontaneous, an electron is actually being forced to move towards a negative pole, the cathode is negative. In a Galvanic cell, the electrons flow from the anode to the cathode, as mentioned.", "- Cathodic protection (CP) is a method of. protecting metal structures from corrosion, commonly called rust, which is the. degradation of a metal material caused by a. reaction with its environment. If the metal. components of UST systems are not. protected, they will eventually corrode and.", "Is the anode positive? For a battery, under charge it is, but when under discharge the cathode is positive (although this is debatable, Wikipedia says: In the United States, many battery manufacturers regard the positive electrode as the anode, particularly in their technical literature.", "- The inhibitor competes for the same active site as the substrate molecule. The inhibitor may interact with the enzyme at the active site, but no reaction takes place. The inhibitor is stuck on the enzyme and prevents any substrate molecules from reacting with the enzyme.", "How to Define Anode and Cathode Anode. 1 The anode is the positively charged electrode. 2 The anode attracts electrons or anions. 3 The anode may be a source of positive charge or an electron acceptor. Cathode and Anode Remember, charge can flow either from positive to negative or from negative to positive!", "Cathode 1 In vacuum tubes (including cathode ray tubes) it is the negative terminal where electrons enter the device from the external circuit and proceed into the tube's near vacuum, constituting a positive current flowing out of the device.", "- Ayesha Curry & Jenna Wolfe Discuss Their New Columns. Ayesha Curry and Jenna Wolfe share tips on finding balance, the importance of following your passions and what readers can expect from their new Woman’s Day columns.", "Anode Signs in Galvanic vs. Electrolytic cells Really confusing. Electrons flow from anode to cathode. In a circuit, the direction of current is opposite electron flow. This is because by convention (i heard it's ben franklins fault) current is the direction of positive charge.", "Electrolytic Cells Note that the site of oxidation is still the anode and the site of reduction is still the cathode, but the charge on these two electrodes are reversed. Anode is now positive charged and the cathode has a negative charged. The conditions under which the electrolyte cell operates are very important.", "Electronics Components: Diodes Voltage connected to the diode in this direction is called forward bias. But if you reverse the voltage direction, applying the positive side to the cathode and the negative side to the anode, current doesn't flow. In effect, the diode becomes an insulator.", "- A high negative voltage is applied to the anode connection near the screen. A positive voltage is applied to the Cathode. A negative voltage on the first anode causes electron released from the heated cathode to accelerate up the tube towards the screen. The screen anode causes further acceleration causing electrons to hit the inside of the phosphor coated screen. The electrons hitting the screen causes the phosphor coating to glow.", "Polarity A diode has two terminals. The positive side is called the anode, and the negative one is called the cathode. The diode circuit symbol, with the anode and cathode marked. Current through a diode can only flow from the anode to the cathode, which would explain why it’s important for a diode to be connected in the correct direction. Physically, every diode should have some sort of indication for either the anode or cathode pin.", "- Therefore, it is impossible to stop corrosion by organic coatings alone. From equation (1), it is evident that if the pipe surface has excess electrons, Fe (0) will not become Fe ++ . Cathodic Protection, (CP) is based on this principle. For most underground pipelines, CP is provided by impressed current system.", "Cathode A cathode is a type of electrode through which electrons move. Electrodes are an electrical conductor (usually a metal) that is connected to something that is not a metal. The cathode type of electrode delivers electrons (negative charge) and the anode collects electrons (has the positive charge).lectrodes are an electrical conductor (usually a metal) that is connected to something that is not a metal. The cathode type of electrode delivers electrons (negative charge) and the anode collects electrons (has the positive charge).", "Cathode 1 For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode. 2 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device. For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode. 2 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device.", "Cold cathode A cold cathode is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament. A cathode may be considered cold if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps, discharge tubes, and some types of vacuum tube.", "Special-purpose Diodes Connecting the p-type region to the negative terminal of the battery and the n-type region to the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than at the anode.", "cathode n. 1. (General Physics) the negative electrode in an electrolytic cell; the electrode by which electrons enter a device from an external circuit. 2. (General Physics) the negatively charged electron source in an electronic valve.3. (General Physics) the positive terminal of a primary cell.. the electrode or terminal by which current leaves an electrolytic cell, voltaic cell, battery, etc. 2. the positive terminal of a voltaic cell or battery. 3. the negative terminal, electrode, or element of an electron tube or electrolytic cell. kathodos káthodos a way]. down", "- Through installation of a negative protection cur-. rent the electrochemical potential of the pipeline is. brought to a stable passive state and the corrosion. process is stopped. The high-quality-work of cathodic corrosion pro-. tection is regulated by numerous standards, gui-. delines and recommendations.", "Cathode ray Cathode rays are so named because they are emitted by the negative electrode, or cathode, in a vacuum tube. To release electrons into the tube, they first must be detached from the atoms of the cathode.", "cathode Definition of cathode. 1 1 : the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs:a : the negative terminal of an electrolytic cellb : the positive terminal of a galvanic cell. 2 2 : the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube; broadly : the negative electrode of a diode — compare anode.", "Voltaic and Electrolytic Cells Electrons travel from anode→cathode. Table J can be used to identify the anode and cathode in a voltaic cell. The metal that is higher on the chart is more active meaning it loses its electrons more easily. If the metal loses its electrons more easily it will be oxidized more easily. Thus it is an anode. The lesser active metal will be the cathode *RED CAT-REDuction occurs at the CAThode *AN OX-ANode is the site of OXidation.", "Special-purpose Diodes A silicon p–n junction in reverse bias. Connecting the p-type region to the negative terminal of the battery and the n-type region to the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than the anode.he electrons that cross the p–n junction into the p-type material (or holes that cross into the n-type material) will diffuse in the near-neutral region. Therefore, the amount of minority diffusion in the near-neutral zones determines the amount of current that may flow through the diode.", "Electrochemical Cells Electrodes & Charge. The anode of an electrolytic cell is positive (cathode is negative), since the anode attracts anions from the solution. However, the anode of a galvanic cell is negatively charged, since the spontaneous oxidation at the anode is the source of the cell's electrons or negative charge.", "How to Define Anode and Cathode Cathode. 1 The cathode is the negatively charged electrode. 2 The cathode attracts cations or positive charge. 3 The cathode is the source of electrons or an electron donor. It may accept positive charge.", "Black Barbie Sold for Less Than White Barbie at Walmart Store The person did not return e-mails from ABCNews.com. Walmart is raising eyebrows after cutting the price of a black Barbie doll to nearly half of that of the doll's white counterpart at one store and possibly others.", "Cold cathode The other type of cathode is a hot cathode, which is heated by electric current passing through a filament. A cold cathode does not necessarily operate at a low temperature: it is often heated to its operating temperature by other methods, such as the current passing from the cathode into the gas.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell Since at the anode you have the oxidation reaction which produces electrons you get a build-up of negative charge in the course of the reaction until electrochemical equilibrium is reached. Thus the anode is negative. At the cathode on the other hand you have the reduction reaction which consumes electrons (leaving behind positive (metal) ions at the electrode) and thus leads to a build-up of positive charge in the course of the reaction until electrochemical equilibrium is reached.", "Positive or Negative Anode/Cathode in Electrolytic/Galvanic Cell In a galvanic (voltaic) cell, the anode is considered negative and the cathode is considered positive. This seems reasonable as the anode is the source of electrons and cathode is where the electrons flow. However, in an electrolytic cell, the anode is taken to be positive while the cathode is now negative. However, the reaction is still similar, whereby electrons from the anode flow to the positive terminal of the battery, and electrons from the battery flow to the cathode.", "Cathode ray Cathode rays are so named because they are emitted by the negative electrode, or cathode, in a vacuum tube, also called as a cathode ray tube. To release electrons into the tube, they first must be detached from the atoms of the cathode.", "9.5 - Electrolytic cells Positive ions from the electrolyte pick up electrons at the cathode and use them to perform reduction of the ion (reduction = addition of electrons). At the same time negative ions migrate to the positive electrode (anode) to drop off electrons and get oxidised (oxidation = loss of electrons).he negative electrode is called the cathode and the positiive electrode is called the anode. The inert electrodes are usually made of graphite or platinium wire. The reactions occur at the surface of the electrodes.", "- A positive electrode is an “anode,” a terminal through which the negative charge leaves a cell as the current flows into the cell from the outside. Conversely, a negative electrode is a “cathode,” a terminal through which the negative charge enters a cell as the current flows out. Keep Learning.", "Is the anode positive? Though technically incorrect, it does resolve the problem of which electrode is the anode in a secondary (or rechargeable) cell. Using the traditional definition, the anode switches ends between charge and discharge cycles.) For a vacuum tube or cathode ray tube, the anode is the most positive. For a forward biased diode or an illuminated LED, yes. For a reverse biased diode, no.", "Cathode In this process, the positive electrode (the anode anode: The positive electrode during electrolysis. ) is made of the impure copper which is to be purified. The negative electrode (the cathode cathode: A cathode is the electrode (electrical conductor) attached to the negative terminal of a battery.) is a bar of pure copper. The two electrodes are placed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.he negative electrode (the cathode cathode: A cathode is the electrode (electrical conductor) attached to the negative terminal of a battery. ) is a bar of pure copper.", "Cathode A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. This definition is sometimes remembered using the mnemonic CCD for cathode current departs. A conventional current describes the direction in which positive electronic charges move. For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode. 2 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device.", "Electrolytic Cells 1 Oxidation occurs at the anode, or positive electrode. 2 The charge on the electrodes is different for an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell: 3 The cathode is the negative in an electrolytic cell. 4 The cathode is the positive in a galvanic cell.5 Anions carry charge towards the anode. Oxidation occurs at the anode, or positive electrode. 2 The charge on the electrodes is different for an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell: 3 The cathode is the negative in an electrolytic cell. 4 The cathode is the positive in a galvanic cell. 5 Anions carry charge towards the anode.", "Electrochemical Cells Oxidation occurs at the electrode termed the anode and reduction occurs at the electrode called the cathode. Electrodes & Charge. The anode of an electrolytic cell is positive (cathode is negative), since the anode attracts anions from the solution. However, the anode of a galvanic cell is negatively charged, since the spontaneous oxidation at the anode is the source of the cell's electrons or negative charge.", "Cathode Electrons have a negative charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode.lectrons have a negative charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode.", "Why is the anode positive in the electrolytic cell and negative in the voltaic cell? The zinc spontaneously loses electrons to be oxidized to Zn2+ while Cu2+ are reduced to copper metal, which is the cathode. Zinc is the anode and copper the cathode. An electrolytic cell is nonspontaneous chemical reaction. In order to make a reaction occur, a voltage must be supplied to force electrons to flow.", "Anode 1 In a cathode ray tube, the anode is the positive terminal where electrons flow out of the device, i.e., where positive electric current flows in.", "In cathode ray tubes the cathode ray is emitted from the negative electrode which is called the? A Cathode is Negative terminal and Anode is Positive terminal. A Cathode is Negative terminal and Anode is Positive terminal.", "Cathode 1 For example, the Daniell galvanic cell 's copper electrode is the positive terminal and the cathode. 2 In a recharging battery, or an electrolytic cell performing electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal, from which current exits the device and returns to the external generator.lectrons have a negative charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode.", "- Electrons are negatively charged, so they will be attracted to the positive end of a battery and repelled by the negative end. When the battery is hooked up to a device that lets the electrons flow through it, they flow from negative (anode) to positive (cathode) terminal.", "Is the anode positive? Though technically incorrect, it does resolve the problem of which electrode is the anode in a secondary (or rechargeable) cell. For a vacuum tube or cathode ray tube, the anode is the most positive. For a forward biased diode or an illuminated LED, yes. For a reverse biased diode, no.", "Electrode When the cell is being charged, the anode becomes the positive (+) and the cathode the negative (−) electrode. This is also the case in an electrolytic cell. When the cell is being discharged, it behaves like a primary cell, with the anode as the negative and the cathode as the positive electrode.hen the cell is being charged, the anode becomes the positive (+) and the cathode the negative (−) electrode. This is also the case in an electrolytic cell. When the cell is being discharged, it behaves like a primary cell, with the anode as the negative and the cathode as the positive electrode.", "What is an anode reaction? What is a cathode reaction? Best Answer: Though it's a vague question, Anode: negative terminal where the electron flow from Cathode: Positive terminal, where the electron flow to Thus in electrochemistry, anode is where oxidation (loss of electron) occurs.Cathode is where reduction (gain of electron) occurs.Answer: Therefore, anode reaction is where oxidation occurred, cathode reaction is where reduction happened. Hope this helps.athode is where reduction (gain of electron) occurs. Answer: Therefore, anode reaction is where oxidation occurred, cathode reaction is where reduction happened. Hope this helps.", "- Cathode rays are produced when the metal cathode has a high voltage applied to it-this has the effect of boiling the electrons off the cathode's surface producing cathode … rays, and so cathode rays can be seen as a stream of electrons i.e. negatively charged particles.", "- 1 In a discharging battery or galvanic cell (diagram at right), the anode is the negative terminal because it is where the current flows into the device (i.e. the battery cell).", "- Electrode positive is the same as reverse polarity. Electrode negative is the same as straight polarity. Hence the + and the-written on your welder where the cables connect to it. Any type of welding rod you buy will be labeled as to what polarity should be used for welding with it.", "Electrochemical Cells The anode of an electrolytic cell is positive (cathode is negative), since the anode attracts anions from the solution. However, the anode of a galvanic cell is negatively charged, since the spontaneous oxidation at the anode is the source of the cell's electrons or negative charge.", "What Are the Elements of an Alkaline Battery? The cathode is the part of the battery that will attract electrons if the circuit is closed, thereby causing electricity to flow. In an alkaline battery, the cathode is made of manganese dioxide mixed with carbon (graphite). This material is put in the container first. The cathode will become the positive (+) terminal on top of the battery.", "What is a cathode? Chemistry. The cathode is the electrode of a polarized electrical device, such as a galvanic cell, out of which positive electric current flows. In a battery like the one in a vehicle, the positive terminal is the cathode.The car battery, which is a lead-acid battery, also has an electrode that is the compliment to the cathode: the anode. It's the negative terminal of the battery, and positive electric current flows into this electrode.n a battery like the one in a vehicle, the positive terminal is the cathode. The car battery, which is a lead-acid battery, also has an electrode that is the compliment to the cathode: the anode.", "- It is critical that the anodes are connected to the positive terminal and the. protected structure to the negative terminal of the rectifier. Reversal of the lead wires will make the. components of the tank system anodic and can cause a rapid failure of the tank system due to corrosion. induced by the rectifier.", "- The function of the high voltage (between the cathode and an anode placed closer to the screen) is to attract these electrons towards the screen of the CRT. So a 'cathode ray' is simply a beam of electrons which, of course, are negatively charged. 1 person found this useful. Michael Smith.", "- The copper electrode is therefore the cathode. Both cathode and anode are types of electrodes. Actually electrodes are dipped in chemical solution (electrolyte). One electrode which is given positive charge is called anode while electrode with negative charge is called cathode.", "- 1 In electrolysis reactions: 2 Reduction occurs at the cathode, or negative electrode. 3 Oxidation occurs at the anode, or positive electrode. 4 The charge on the electrodes is different for an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell: 5 The cathode is the negative in an electrolytic cell. Oxidation occurs at the anode, or positive electrode. 2 The charge on the electrodes is different for an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell: 3 The cathode is the negative in an electrolytic cell. 4 The cathode is the positive in a galvanic cell. 5 Anions carry charge towards the anode.", "Cathode 1 In a diode, the cathode is the negative terminal at the pointed end of the arrow symbol, where current flows out of the device.he flow of electrons is almost always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode. An exception is when a diode reverse-conducts, either by accident (breakdown of a normal diode) or by design (breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode).", "Chemistry Final Chapter 2 - different metal placed between cathode (neg.) and anode (pos.) and created an electron beam by splitting atoms. - came up with charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. -Electrons are particles found in all atoms. -Cathode rays are streams of electrons. **Cathode rays have mass, Matter contains positive and negative charge,Particles of the cathode rays are fundamental to all matter, and An atom is divisible.**.", "cathode Medical Definition of cathode. 1 1: the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: asa: the negative terminal of an electrolytic cellb: the positive terminal of a storage battery that is delivering current. 2 2: the electron-emitting electrode of an electron tube—compare anode.", "- resources are available: • The Mayfield Handbook of Technical and Scientific Writing and other on-line. resources are available at <http://web.mit.edu/uaa/www/writinglinks>. • The Writing and Communication Center <http://web.mit.edu/writing> is located in. 14N-317, x3-3090.", "- Connecting the p-type region to the negative terminal of the battery and the n-type region to the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than the anode.", "- Diodes have polarity, determined by an anode (positive lead) and cathode (negative lead). Most diodes allow current to flow only when positive voltage is applied to the anode. A variety of diode configurations are displayed in this graphic: Diodes are available in various configurations.", "Positive and Negative Ions: Cations and Anions Cations (positively-charged ions) and anions (negatively-charged ions) are formed when a metal loses electrons, and a nonmetal gains those electrons. The electrostatic attraction between the positives and negatives brings the particles together and creates an ionic compound, such as sodium chloride." ]

[ 1.9296900034000002 ]

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