claim
stringlengths 26
406
| evidence
stringlengths 13
1.98k
| labels
int64 0
1
| input_ids
sequence | attention_mask
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia accounts for 1.5 per cent of global carbon emissions. | The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating anthropogenic climate change (global warming) that was first proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June 2014. | 0 | [
0,
25533,
2349,
13,
112,
4,
245,
228,
715,
9,
720,
4363,
5035,
4,
2,
2,
133,
10326,
3029,
5427,
21,
41,
1284,
942,
714,
3448,
23,
26100,
32117,
23982,
2147,
464,
36,
9424,
8232,
43,
14,
21,
78,
1850,
30,
5,
6982,
5922,
3131,
36,
29485,
43,
11,
502,
777,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports. | Besides the Sixth Assessment Report, to be completed in 2022, the IPCC released the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C in October 2018, released an update to its 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories—the 2019 Refinement—in May 2019, and delivered two further special reports in 2019 : the Special Report on Climate Change and Land ( SRCCL ), published online on 7 August, and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate ( SROCC ), released on 25 September 2019. | 1 | [
0,
133,
41206,
117,
1181,
1171,
5,
44,
711,
725,
16303,
4757,
17,
27,
5966,
11,
63,
690,
4,
2,
2,
41107,
5,
24405,
22261,
2872,
6,
7,
28,
2121,
11,
8157,
6,
5,
41206,
703,
5,
3672,
2872,
15,
1849,
305,
21728,
9,
112,
4,
245,
33397,
347,
11,
779,
199,
6,
703,
41,
2935,
7,
63,
3503,
36701,
13,
496,
1628,
3138,
5664,
96,
9399,
9023,
578,
627,
954,
8526,
47706,
578,
179,
392,
954,
6,
8,
2781,
80,
617,
780,
690,
11,
954,
4832,
5,
3672,
2872,
15,
11001,
7229,
8,
3192,
36,
13579,
3376,
574,
31311,
1027,
804,
15,
262,
830,
6,
8,
5,
3672,
2872,
15,
5,
5860,
8,
19803,
29498,
11,
10,
28382,
11001,
36,
208,
8727,
3376,
31311,
703,
15,
564,
772,
954,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The North Pole is melting "a bit" but the South Pole is getting bigger. | Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings. | 0 | [
0,
133,
369,
24710,
16,
23187,
22,
102,
828,
113,
53,
5,
391,
24710,
16,
562,
2671,
4,
2,
2,
28062,
24008,
154,
12333,
5181,
1022,
8,
5004,
1061,
7,
1050,
12,
3245,
6199,
3488,
11,
11832,
20038,
3441,
4211,
7,
2178,
66,
684,
3425,
2147,
36049,
8,
1632,
6731,
33147,
1033,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
In the sugarcane region of El Salvador, as much as one-fifth of the population has chronic kidney disease, including over a quarter of the men, the presumed result of dehydration from working the fields they were able to comfortably harvest as recently as two decades ago. | As a consequence, much research has focused on the response of low and vertical clouds to a changing climate. | 0 | [
0,
1121,
5,
4696,
438,
1728,
976,
9,
1448,
14254,
6,
25,
203,
25,
65,
12,
33030,
9,
5,
1956,
34,
7642,
12855,
2199,
6,
217,
81,
10,
297,
9,
5,
604,
6,
5,
23924,
898,
9,
33229,
31,
447,
5,
5447,
51,
58,
441,
7,
15995,
12171,
25,
682,
25,
80,
1724,
536,
4,
2,
2,
1620,
10,
15180,
6,
203,
557,
34,
2061,
15,
5,
1263,
9,
614,
8,
12194,
10722,
7,
10,
2992,
2147,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
In recent decades this warming has been accompanied by a constant rise in the sea level and, it would appear, by an increase of extreme weather events, even if a scientifically determinable cause cannot be assigned to each particular phenomenon. | Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.. | 1 | [
0,
1121,
485,
1724,
42,
8232,
34,
57,
7513,
30,
10,
5891,
1430,
11,
5,
3342,
672,
8,
6,
24,
74,
2082,
6,
30,
41,
712,
9,
5004,
1650,
1061,
6,
190,
114,
10,
36388,
26948,
868,
1303,
1395,
28,
5530,
7,
349,
1989,
10632,
4,
2,
2,
40466,
464,
16,
55,
6030,
36388,
7,
6190,
5,
1337,
3038,
9,
11832,
20038,
15,
5,
232,
142,
24,
1171,
5004,
1650,
6,
7749,
8,
1022,
11,
10198,
8117,
6,
6444,
10395,
5000,
8,
3342,
672,
7586,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The full data for latitudes 64-90°N reveal the Arctic is warmer today than in 1940. | Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica, Argentina, Chile, Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Iceland. | 0 | [
0,
133,
455,
414,
13,
16619,
25917,
4430,
12,
3248,
12938,
487,
4991,
5,
12351,
16,
13933,
452,
87,
11,
16863,
4,
2,
2,
40884,
17355,
35823,
32,
303,
11,
27593,
6,
5244,
6,
9614,
6,
896,
6,
7227,
6,
31709,
8,
14605,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Global warming theory holds that one of the fingerprints of human-induced global warming is more rapid warming in the lower troposphere than at the surface ( James Taylor ) | Therefore, a key approach is to use physically or statistically based computer modelling of the climate system to determine unique fingerprints for all potential causes. | 1 | [
0,
18811,
8232,
6680,
3106,
14,
65,
9,
5,
28113,
9,
1050,
12,
29101,
720,
8232,
16,
55,
6379,
8232,
11,
5,
795,
37473,
29498,
87,
23,
5,
4084,
36,
957,
2657,
4839,
2,
2,
32730,
6,
10,
762,
1548,
16,
7,
304,
7217,
50,
27697,
716,
3034,
26471,
9,
5,
2147,
467,
7,
3094,
2216,
28113,
13,
70,
801,
4685,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The result did suggest the sea level was increasing in the western Pacific, but this was offset by a drop in the level near the Alaskan coast. | Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific. | 1 | [
0,
133,
898,
222,
3608,
5,
3342,
672,
1437,
21,
2284,
11,
5,
4669,
3073,
6,
53,
42,
21,
6147,
30,
10,
1874,
11,
1437,
5,
672,
583,
5,
726,
4970,
260,
3673,
4,
2,
2,
45287,
1949,
438,
23073,
3342,
672,
36071,
8,
3926,
11,
5,
4669,
10602,
3073,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
CFCs contribute to global waerming at a small level. | Although CFCs are greenhouse gases, they are regulated by the Montreal Protocol, which was motivated by CFCs' contribution to ozone depletion rather than by their contribution to global warming. | 1 | [
0,
347,
5268,
29,
5042,
7,
720,
13332,
254,
7059,
23,
10,
650,
672,
4,
2,
2,
13863,
230,
5268,
29,
32,
11832,
20038,
6,
51,
32,
13588,
30,
5,
5817,
30463,
6,
61,
21,
7958,
30,
230,
5268,
29,
108,
5883,
7,
34011,
39309,
1195,
87,
30,
49,
5883,
7,
720,
8232,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
while it’s true that studies in some regions show polar bears are lighter in weight than they were in the 1980s, there is no evidence that more individuals are starving to death or becoming too thin to reproduce because of less summer ice. | A study in Hudson Bay indicated that both the reproductive success and the maternal weight of females peaked in their mid-teens.Maternal success appeared to decline after this point, possibly because of an age-related impairment in the ability to store the fat necessary to rear cubs. | 1 | [
0,
20235,
24,
17,
27,
29,
1528,
14,
3218,
11,
103,
3806,
311,
13744,
10361,
32,
13026,
11,
2408,
87,
51,
58,
11,
5,
5114,
29,
6,
89,
16,
117,
1283,
14,
55,
2172,
32,
31323,
7,
744,
50,
1959,
350,
7174,
7,
33942,
142,
9,
540,
1035,
2480,
4,
2,
2,
250,
892,
11,
8187,
1501,
4658,
14,
258,
5,
20111,
1282,
8,
5,
22835,
2408,
9,
16856,
21174,
11,
49,
1084,
12,
859,
1290,
4,
448,
33305,
1282,
1382,
7,
2991,
71,
42,
477,
6,
3544,
142,
9,
41,
1046,
12,
3368,
18741,
11,
5,
1460,
7,
1400,
5,
5886,
2139,
7,
5081,
18383,
29,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Temperature errors in the Great Lakes region are not used in any global temperature records. | As a result, the modern global record of precipitation largely depends on satellite observations. | 1 | [
0,
48533,
9126,
11,
5,
2860,
10083,
976,
32,
45,
341,
11,
143,
720,
5181,
2189,
4,
2,
2,
1620,
10,
898,
6,
5,
2297,
720,
638,
9,
13273,
2743,
7971,
15,
7595,
15864,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The Obama administration is proposing to mine another 10 billion tons of Wyoming coal, which would unleash three times more carbon pollution than Obama's Clean Power Plan would even save through 2030. | The EPA estimates the Clean Power Plan will reduce the pollutants that contribute to smog and soot by 25 percent, and the reduction will lead to net climate and health benefits of an estimated $25 billion to $45 billion per year in 2030. | 1 | [
0,
133,
1284,
942,
16,
15670,
7,
4318,
277,
158,
325,
7741,
9,
11027,
4051,
6,
61,
74,
26845,
130,
498,
55,
4363,
6631,
87,
1284,
18,
10326,
3029,
5427,
74,
190,
1871,
149,
12060,
4,
2,
2,
133,
6865,
2785,
5,
10326,
3029,
5427,
40,
1888,
5,
29791,
14,
5042,
7,
5278,
2154,
8,
98,
1242,
30,
564,
135,
6,
8,
5,
4878,
40,
483,
7,
1161,
2147,
8,
474,
1795,
9,
41,
2319,
68,
1244,
325,
7,
68,
1898,
325,
228,
76,
11,
12060,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
When the heat buildup in the ocean is taken into account, global temperatures are rising relentlessly. | In the winter the relatively warm ocean water exerts a moderating influence, even when covered by ice. | 0 | [
0,
1779,
5,
2859,
28597,
11,
5,
6444,
16,
551,
88,
1316,
6,
720,
3971,
32,
2227,
29836,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
5,
2608,
5,
3487,
3279,
6444,
514,
21655,
29,
10,
23758,
1295,
2712,
6,
190,
77,
2913,
30,
2480,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Elementary radiative-transfer calculations demonstrate that a natural surface global brightening amounting to ~1.9 Wm–2 over the 18-year period of study would be expected – using the IPCC’s own methodology – to have caused a transient warming of 1 K (1.8 F°). | In terms of climate, the tropics receive sunlight that is more direct than the rest of Earth and are generally hotter and wetter. | 0 | [
0,
46331,
1766,
22750,
3693,
12,
40095,
11840,
8085,
14,
10,
1632,
4084,
720,
4520,
4226,
1280,
154,
7,
14434,
134,
4,
466,
305,
119,
2383,
176,
81,
5,
504,
12,
180,
675,
9,
892,
74,
28,
421,
126,
634,
5,
41206,
17,
27,
29,
308,
18670,
126,
7,
33,
1726,
10,
35588,
8232,
9,
112,
229,
36,
134,
4,
398,
274,
12938,
322,
2,
2,
1121,
1110,
9,
2147,
6,
5,
37473,
2857,
1325,
20843,
14,
16,
55,
2228,
87,
5,
1079,
9,
3875,
8,
32,
3489,
29448,
8,
7727,
1334,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions. | Global dimming is thought to have been caused by an increase in particulates or aerosols, such as sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere due to human action. | 1 | [
0,
133,
1049,
1219,
639,
42,
1084,
12,
11046,
13281,
21,
720,
14548,
7059,
528,
7,
32117,
23982,
37477,
877,
40161,
1168,
5035,
4,
2,
2,
18811,
14548,
7059,
16,
802,
7,
33,
57,
1726,
30,
41,
712,
11,
28872,
15719,
50,
40161,
11925,
6,
215,
25,
37477,
877,
40161,
11925,
11,
5,
5466,
528,
7,
1050,
814,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The oceans are warming and moreover are becoming more acidic, threatening the food chain. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | 0 | [
0,
133,
19785,
32,
8232,
8,
41353,
32,
1959,
55,
41314,
6,
5608,
5,
689,
3206,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
5,
6441,
13144,
6,
89,
16,
41,
8642,
2899,
14,
720,
4084,
3971,
33,
1130,
11,
485,
1724,
8,
14,
5,
2904,
16,
1726,
4412,
30,
1050,
12,
29101,
5035,
9,
11832,
20038,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
There may have been regions of Greenland that were 'greener' than today | Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects. | 0 | [
0,
970,
189,
33,
57,
3806,
9,
31709,
14,
58,
128,
28819,
5777,
108,
87,
452,
2,
2,
40466,
1421,
8979,
38152,
11,
5,
266,
4658,
14,
148,
5,
733,
620,
3220,
5,
720,
4084,
5181,
16,
533,
7,
1430,
10,
617,
321,
4,
246,
7,
112,
4,
406,
50141,
12938,
347,
36,
288,
4,
245,
7,
155,
4,
134,
50141,
12938,
597,
43,
11,
10,
7212,
5665,
6,
50,
25,
203,
25,
132,
4,
401,
7,
204,
4,
398,
50141,
12938,
347,
36,
306,
4,
406,
7,
290,
4,
401,
50141,
12938,
597,
43,
11,
41,
5004,
5665,
6,
6122,
15,
5,
731,
9,
499,
11832,
1123,
5035,
8,
15,
2147,
6456,
3038,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The claim that 2.2 conventional jobs are destroyed for every new job created in the alternative energy industry is based on a study which relies on incorrect numbers, cherrypicked dates, faulty theory, flawed methodology, and is disproven by real-world examples. | The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. | 0 | [
0,
133,
2026,
14,
132,
4,
176,
9164,
1315,
32,
4957,
1437,
1437,
13,
1437,
358,
92,
633,
1412,
11,
5,
3626,
1007,
539,
16,
716,
15,
10,
892,
61,
12438,
15,
17401,
1530,
6,
20075,
29827,
5461,
6,
23624,
6680,
6,
17107,
18670,
6,
8,
16,
39792,
2987,
30,
588,
12,
8331,
7721,
4,
2,
2,
133,
1154,
1050,
2712,
34,
57,
5,
22679,
9,
11832,
20038,
215,
25,
4363,
15746,
6,
25139,
6,
8,
23737,
21233,
30629,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The Greenland ice sheet is at least 400,000 years old and warming was not global when Europeans settled in Greeland 1,000 years ago | These fluctuations peaked at the end of the Martian summer at 0.6 parts per billion. | 0 | [
0,
133,
31709,
2480,
5462,
16,
23,
513,
3675,
6,
151,
107,
793,
8,
8232,
21,
45,
720,
77,
19836,
5668,
11,
6879,
9999,
112,
6,
151,
107,
536,
2,
2,
4528,
22798,
21174,
23,
5,
253,
9,
5,
35017,
1035,
23,
321,
4,
401,
1667,
228,
325,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
From 1970 until 1998 there was a warming period that raised temperatures by about 0.7 F that helped spawn the global warming alarmist movement. | Since at least the start of the 20th century, the average global sea level has been rising. | 0 | [
0,
7605,
6200,
454,
6708,
89,
21,
10,
8232,
675,
14,
1179,
3971,
30,
59,
321,
4,
406,
274,
14,
1147,
38176,
5,
720,
8232,
8054,
661,
2079,
4,
2,
2,
11321,
23,
513,
5,
386,
9,
5,
291,
212,
3220,
6,
5,
674,
720,
3342,
672,
34,
57,
2227,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[ CO2 ] is also a greenhouse gas which helps maintain earth at a habitable temperature. | Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provide a temperature buffer ( greenhouse effect ) which helps maintain a relatively steady surface temperature. | 1 | [
0,
10975,
6247,
176,
27779,
16,
67,
10,
11832,
1123,
61,
2607,
3014,
6872,
23,
10,
40752,
5181,
4,
2,
2,
25589,
29406,
8,
4363,
15746,
11,
5,
5466,
694,
10,
5181,
21944,
36,
11832,
1683,
4839,
61,
2607,
3014,
10,
3487,
5204,
4084,
5181,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
However, volcanoes have had very little impact on the last 40 years of global warming. | Oceanic anoxic events most commonly occurred during periods of very warm climate characterized by high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and mean surface temperatures probably in excess of 25 °C (77 °F). | 0 | [
0,
10462,
6,
31783,
8013,
33,
56,
182,
410,
913,
15,
5,
94,
843,
107,
9,
720,
8232,
4,
2,
2,
41496,
636,
41,
29948,
1061,
144,
10266,
2756,
148,
5788,
9,
182,
3279,
2147,
17407,
30,
239,
1389,
9,
4363,
15746,
36,
6335,
176,
43,
8,
1266,
4084,
3971,
1153,
11,
7400,
9,
564,
50141,
12938,
347,
36,
4718,
50141,
12938,
597,
322,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
In pushing too hard for the case that global warming is universally bad for everything, the administration’s report undermines the reasonable case for climate action. | Public concern over global warming and support for climate policy-making in the US is low relative to other nations ( see Chapter 10, this volume ), contributing to inaction by the US government. | 1 | [
0,
1121,
3784,
350,
543,
13,
5,
403,
14,
720,
8232,
16,
29502,
1099,
13,
960,
6,
5,
942,
17,
27,
29,
266,
29428,
5,
5701,
403,
13,
2147,
814,
4,
2,
2,
22649,
2212,
81,
720,
8232,
8,
323,
13,
2147,
714,
12,
5349,
11,
5,
382,
16,
614,
5407,
7,
97,
3949,
36,
192,
8749,
158,
6,
42,
3149,
31311,
8216,
7,
30365,
30,
5,
382,
168,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
He claimed the planet is running a ’fever’ and the prognosis is that it is apt to get much worse. | The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue. | 1 | [
0,
894,
1695,
5,
5518,
16,
878,
10,
44,
27,
506,
6294,
17,
27,
8,
5,
17618,
32444,
16,
14,
24,
16,
23744,
7,
120,
203,
3007,
4,
2,
2,
133,
595,
8,
499,
720,
3854,
8,
1956,
23,
810,
9,
385,
3314,
1780,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. | The main sources of greenhouse gases due to human activity are : burning of fossil fuels and deforestation leading to higher carbon dioxide concentrations in the air. | 1 | [
0,
1213,
1137,
201,
14,
52,
32,
5,
2270,
1572,
10568,
6872,
3971,
30,
5,
6574,
9,
11422,
12174,
8,
8704,
49,
4363,
15746,
4,
2,
2,
133,
1049,
1715,
9,
11832,
20038,
528,
7,
1050,
1940,
32,
4832,
6574,
9,
11422,
12174,
8,
35552,
981,
7,
723,
4363,
15746,
26069,
11,
5,
935,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
"the cascading effects" of climate change contributed to the rise of ISIS. | The results of such testing determine whether a particular set of results agrees reasonably (or does not agree) with the speculated hypothesis. | 0 | [
0,
113,
627,
34455,
8423,
3038,
113,
9,
2147,
464,
3162,
7,
5,
1430,
9,
7550,
4,
2,
2,
133,
775,
9,
215,
3044,
3094,
549,
10,
1989,
278,
9,
775,
11687,
15646,
36,
368,
473,
45,
2854,
43,
19,
5,
20872,
31098,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
‘We could be decades too fast, or decades too slow,’said one of them, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. | August 28, 2012. | 1 | [
0,
17,
711,
170,
115,
28,
1724,
350,
1769,
6,
50,
1724,
350,
2635,
6,
17,
27,
28613,
65,
9,
106,
6,
1738,
256,
4,
926,
26412,
139,
9,
5,
589,
9,
5517,
6,
1918,
1843,
620,
4,
2,
2,
20041,
971,
6,
1125,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
“The Lancet researchers found that about 0.5%—half a percent—of all deaths are associated with heat, not only from acute problems like heat stroke, but also increased mortality from cardiac events and dehydration. | The World Health Organization estimated in 2004, that 12.2% of worldwide deaths were from ischemic heart disease; with it being the leading cause of death in high- or middle-income countries and second only to lower respiratory infections in lower-income countries. | 1 | [
0,
17,
48,
133,
39239,
2634,
303,
14,
59,
321,
4,
245,
207,
578,
4809,
10,
135,
578,
1116,
70,
3257,
32,
3059,
19,
2859,
6,
45,
129,
31,
13827,
1272,
101,
2859,
8579,
6,
53,
67,
1130,
15812,
31,
17301,
1061,
8,
33229,
4,
2,
2,
133,
623,
1309,
6481,
2319,
11,
4482,
6,
14,
316,
4,
176,
207,
9,
3612,
3257,
58,
31,
16,
2871,
15796,
1144,
2199,
131,
19,
24,
145,
5,
981,
1303,
9,
744,
11,
239,
12,
50,
1692,
12,
7214,
749,
8,
200,
129,
7,
795,
17960,
11341,
11,
795,
12,
7214,
749,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Internal variability can only account for small amounts of warming and cooling over periods of decades, and scientific studies have consistently shown that it cannot account for the global warming over the past century. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | 1 | [
0,
47666,
36049,
64,
129,
1316,
13,
650,
5353,
9,
8232,
8,
13281,
81,
5788,
9,
1724,
6,
8,
6441,
3218,
33,
6566,
2343,
14,
24,
1395,
1316,
13,
5,
720,
8232,
81,
5,
375,
3220,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
5,
6441,
13144,
6,
89,
16,
41,
8642,
2899,
14,
720,
4084,
3971,
33,
1130,
11,
485,
1724,
8,
14,
5,
2904,
16,
1726,
4412,
30,
1050,
12,
29101,
5035,
9,
11832,
20038,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Surface temperatures on Earth have stabilized. | As stated in the Convention, this requires that greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can be sustained. | 1 | [
0,
27526,
9021,
3971,
15,
3875,
33,
28725,
4,
2,
2,
1620,
2305,
11,
5,
9127,
6,
42,
3441,
14,
11832,
1123,
26069,
32,
28725,
11,
5,
5466,
23,
10,
672,
147,
24843,
64,
9037,
8366,
7,
2147,
464,
6,
689,
931,
16,
45,
3711,
6,
8,
776,
709,
64,
28,
5232,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Global warming is driving major melting on the surface of Greenland’s glaciers and is speeding up their travel into the sea.” | On June 19, 2010, Lieberman introduced a bill called "Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010", which he co-wrote with Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) and Senator Thomas Carper (D-DE). | 0 | [
0,
18811,
8232,
16,
1428,
538,
23187,
15,
5,
4084,
9,
31709,
17,
27,
29,
35823,
8,
16,
13494,
62,
49,
1504,
88,
5,
3342,
4,
17,
46,
2,
2,
4148,
502,
753,
6,
1824,
6,
31980,
2942,
10,
1087,
373,
22,
41357,
154,
9384,
9569,
18851,
25,
10,
496,
6571,
1783,
9,
1824,
1297,
61,
37,
1029,
12,
30997,
19,
4336,
6470,
5415,
36,
500,
12,
6570,
43,
8,
4336,
1813,
1653,
1741,
36,
495,
12,
10089,
322,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Since then, the planet has been cooling on a millennial scale | The rate of Arctic cooling is roughly 0.02 °C per century. | 1 | [
0,
11321,
172,
6,
5,
5518,
34,
57,
13281,
15,
10,
24134,
3189,
2,
2,
133,
731,
9,
12351,
13281,
16,
3667,
321,
4,
4197,
50141,
12938,
347,
228,
3220,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The effects of enhanced CO2 on terrestrial plants are variable and complex and dependent on numerous factors. | Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide certainly affects plant morphology and is acidifying oceans, and temperature affects species ranges, phenology, and weather, but, mercifully, the major impacts that have been predicted are still potential futures. | 1 | [
0,
133,
3038,
9,
9094,
6247,
176,
15,
39056,
3451,
32,
15594,
8,
2632,
8,
10597,
15,
3617,
2433,
4,
2,
2,
41084,
7913,
24486,
4363,
15746,
1819,
8561,
2195,
46930,
8,
16,
10395,
4945,
19785,
6,
8,
5181,
8561,
4707,
16296,
6,
35833,
4383,
6,
8,
1650,
6,
53,
6,
22415,
34717,
6,
5,
538,
7342,
14,
33,
57,
6126,
32,
202,
801,
5060,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
climate models predict too much warming in the troposphere | Globally, the troposphere ( at the TLT altitude at which the MSU sounder measure ) is predicted to warm about 1.2 times more than the surface; in the tropics, the troposphere should warm about 1.5 times more than the surface. | 1 | [
0,
36695,
3092,
7006,
350,
203,
8232,
11,
5,
37473,
29498,
2,
2,
16389,
2413,
2368,
6,
5,
37473,
29498,
36,
23,
5,
27017,
565,
22917,
23,
61,
5,
6253,
791,
2369,
254,
2450,
4839,
16,
6126,
7,
3279,
59,
112,
4,
176,
498,
55,
87,
5,
4084,
131,
11,
5,
37473,
2857,
6,
5,
37473,
29498,
197,
3279,
59,
112,
4,
245,
498,
55,
87,
5,
4084,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records. | Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. | 0 | [
0,
627,
121,
4,
104,
4,
16,
37269,
239,
5181,
2189,
444,
55,
5705,
87,
24,
16,
37269,
614,
5181,
2189,
4,
2,
2,
48958,
11,
24486,
26069,
9,
6247,
132,
8,
97,
251,
12,
18062,
11832,
20038,
215,
25,
25139,
6,
23737,
21233,
30629,
8,
34011,
33,
20719,
7790,
13813,
49,
33131,
8,
22679,
9,
30175,
13785,
6,
3735,
5,
1430,
11,
674,
720,
5181,
187,
5,
1084,
12,
844,
212,
3220,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Over the past eight years, the United States has reduced our total carbon pollution more than any other nation on Earth. | In the cumulative emissions between 1850 and 2007, the U.S. was at the top in terms of all world nations, involved with 28.8% of the world's total. | 1 | [
0,
10777,
5,
375,
799,
107,
6,
5,
315,
532,
34,
2906,
84,
746,
4363,
6631,
55,
87,
143,
97,
1226,
15,
3875,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
5,
22367,
5035,
227,
40384,
8,
3010,
6,
5,
121,
4,
104,
4,
21,
23,
5,
299,
11,
1110,
9,
70,
232,
3949,
6,
963,
19,
971,
4,
398,
207,
9,
5,
232,
18,
746,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
CFCs contribute to global waerming at a small level. | However, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or HCFCs, and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, are now thought to contribute to anthropogenic global warming. | 1 | [
0,
347,
5268,
29,
5042,
7,
720,
13332,
254,
7059,
23,
10,
650,
672,
4,
2,
2,
10462,
6,
5,
13575,
39220,
1116,
6487,
368,
1975,
271,
16830,
6,
50,
23084,
5268,
29,
6,
8,
13575,
33266,
368,
1975,
271,
16830,
6,
50,
289,
5268,
29,
6,
32,
122,
802,
7,
5042,
7,
32117,
23982,
720,
8232,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
"A United Nations report has identified the world's rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate, forests and wildlife. ... | Human-induced climate change has, e.g., the potential to alter the prevalence and severity of extreme weathers such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts. | 0 | [
0,
113,
250,
315,
3076,
266,
34,
2006,
5,
232,
18,
1437,
6042,
1197,
19837,
9,
9440,
25,
5,
3968,
1856,
7,
5,
2147,
6,
1437,
14275,
8,
7892,
4,
1666,
2,
2,
33837,
12,
29101,
2147,
464,
34,
6,
364,
4,
571,
482,
5,
801,
7,
11330,
5,
21087,
8,
17866,
9,
5004,
1650,
29,
215,
25,
2859,
6995,
6,
2569,
6995,
6,
7749,
6,
12530,
8,
385,
10344,
1872,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
U.S. Pays $1 Billion into Green Climate Fund, Top Polluters Pay Nothing | President Barack Obama in his proposed 2010 United States federal budget wanted to support clean energy development with a 10-year investment of US$15 billion per year, generated from the sale of greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions credits. | 1 | [
0,
791,
4,
104,
4,
221,
4113,
68,
134,
17102,
88,
1628,
11001,
2896,
6,
3107,
7927,
13188,
6898,
10385,
2,
2,
6517,
4282,
1284,
11,
39,
1850,
1824,
315,
532,
752,
1229,
770,
7,
323,
2382,
1007,
709,
19,
10,
158,
12,
180,
915,
9,
382,
1629,
996,
325,
228,
76,
6,
5129,
31,
5,
1392,
9,
11832,
1123,
36,
22562,
534,
4839,
5035,
7751,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass | Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm ( 1.06cm ). | 1 | [
0,
19247,
1245,
34,
129,
685,
10,
5262,
13484,
9,
63,
2480,
2862,
2,
2,
38195,
1033,
311,
14,
31709,
34,
685,
155,
4,
398,
4700,
5657,
9,
2480,
187,
8548,
6,
615,
7,
1693,
3342,
1389,
30,
818,
365,
5471,
36,
112,
4,
4124,
13753,
32801,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
global warming ceased around the end of the twentieth century and was followed ( since 1997 ) by 19 years of stable temperature. | The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius ( 1.4° Fahrenheit ) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade. | 1 | [
0,
9424,
8232,
28990,
198,
5,
253,
9,
5,
41566,
3220,
8,
21,
1432,
36,
187,
7528,
4839,
30,
753,
107,
9,
4375,
5181,
4,
2,
2,
133,
674,
720,
5181,
15,
3875,
34,
1130,
30,
59,
321,
4,
398,
12938,
15807,
36,
112,
4,
306,
12938,
24847,
4839,
187,
38156,
131,
1596,
12,
10224,
9,
5,
8232,
34,
2756,
187,
14873,
6,
23,
10,
731,
9,
3667,
321,
4,
996,
12,
288,
4,
844,
50141,
12938,
347,
228,
2202,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Barack Obama will help the Gulf Coast restore the wetlands, marshes and barrier islands that are critical to tamping down the force of hurricanes. | Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence. | 0 | [
0,
14507,
2990,
1284,
40,
244,
5,
4602,
2565,
7057,
5,
29084,
6,
35899,
5065,
8,
9639,
8879,
14,
32,
2008,
7,
326,
26114,
159,
5,
1370,
9,
16387,
4,
2,
2,
17206,
5,
6741,
13340,
6,
8366,
14196,
5353,
9,
11832,
20038,
1726,
5,
935,
583,
5,
4084,
7,
28,
13933,
30,
59,
2357,
50141,
12938,
347,
36,
4156,
50141,
12938,
597,
43,
87,
24,
74,
28,
11,
49,
5171,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Those who contribute the least greenhouse gases will be most impacted by climate change. | Styles P raps "Past is the past, just let it be bygones / Matter of fact I know a fly song that we could vibe on", which Sanneh writes "Cheerfully out of place, he sounds like a man who has wandered into the wrong summertime party, but so what? | 0 | [
0,
11195,
54,
5042,
5,
513,
11832,
20038,
40,
28,
144,
7284,
30,
2147,
464,
4,
2,
2,
46083,
1634,
221,
910,
7527,
22,
42282,
16,
5,
375,
6,
95,
905,
24,
28,
30,
571,
6909,
1589,
18181,
9,
754,
38,
216,
10,
3598,
2214,
14,
52,
115,
16464,
15,
1297,
61,
764,
858,
298,
5789,
22,
16764,
254,
6459,
66,
9,
317,
6,
37,
4428,
101,
10,
313,
54,
34,
33712,
88,
5,
1593,
1035,
958,
537,
6,
53,
98,
99,
116,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The warmer the planet gets, the more ozone forms, and by mid-century, Americans will likely suffer a 70 percent increase in unhealthy ozone smog, the National Center for Atmospheric Research has projected. | Over 1,500 tons of carbon dioxide per year can be eliminated by using a one-megawatt turbine instead of one megawatt of energy from a fossil fuel. | 0 | [
0,
133,
13933,
5,
5518,
1516,
6,
5,
55,
34011,
4620,
6,
8,
30,
1084,
12,
11046,
6,
1791,
40,
533,
6297,
10,
1510,
135,
712,
11,
21250,
34011,
5278,
2154,
6,
5,
496,
824,
13,
30120,
1624,
34,
5635,
4,
2,
2,
10777,
112,
6,
1497,
7741,
9,
4363,
15746,
228,
76,
64,
28,
9820,
30,
634,
10,
65,
12,
16258,
1584,
2611,
29503,
1386,
9,
65,
10721,
1584,
2611,
9,
1007,
31,
10,
11422,
2423,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Local and regional sea levels continue to exhibit typical natural variability—in some places rising and in others falling. | As is stated in Article 2 of the Convention, this requires that greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can proceed in a sustainable fashion. | 0 | [
0,
24476,
8,
2174,
3342,
1389,
535,
7,
8483,
6097,
1632,
36049,
578,
179,
103,
2127,
2227,
8,
11,
643,
3064,
4,
2,
2,
1620,
16,
2305,
11,
6776,
132,
9,
5,
9127,
6,
42,
3441,
14,
11832,
1123,
36,
17201,
534,
43,
26069,
32,
28725,
11,
5,
5466,
23,
10,
672,
147,
24843,
64,
9037,
8366,
7,
2147,
464,
6,
689,
931,
16,
45,
3711,
6,
8,
776,
709,
64,
9073,
11,
10,
5068,
2734,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea. | However, U.S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power. | 0 | [
0,
1106,
167,
5035,
535,
32923,
8,
5,
232,
16,
1220,
7,
2859,
62,
615,
6,
4211,
33,
117,
2980,
14,
739,
1667,
9,
27593,
40,
20147,
88,
5,
3342,
4,
2,
2,
10462,
6,
121,
4,
104,
4,
8233,
1748,
476,
16,
14299,
55,
3214,
87,
2508,
476,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today. | The timing of South American megafaunal extinction appears to precede human arrival, although the possibility that human activity at the time impacted the global climate enough to cause such an extinction has been suggested. | 0 | [
0,
21243,
47981,
19516,
18365,
21,
13933,
87,
5,
2147,
8232,
452,
4,
2,
2,
133,
5801,
9,
391,
470,
10721,
2001,
7381,
337,
23989,
2092,
7,
31984,
242,
1050,
5237,
6,
1712,
5,
3302,
14,
1050,
1940,
23,
5,
86,
7284,
5,
720,
2147,
615,
7,
1303,
215,
41,
23989,
34,
57,
2528,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Barack Obama will help the Gulf Coast restore the wetlands, marshes and barrier islands that are critical to tamping down the force of hurricanes. | The data shows that recent warming has surpassed anything in the last 2,000 years. | 0 | [
0,
14507,
2990,
1284,
40,
244,
5,
4602,
2565,
7057,
5,
29084,
6,
35899,
5065,
8,
9639,
8879,
14,
32,
2008,
7,
326,
26114,
159,
5,
1370,
9,
16387,
4,
2,
2,
133,
414,
924,
14,
485,
8232,
34,
17068,
932,
11,
5,
94,
132,
6,
151,
107,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase ( natural sinks are absorbing the other half ). | The annual airborne fraction is the ratio of the atmospheric increase in a given year to that year's total emissions. | 1 | [
0,
133,
12479,
18759,
9,
209,
16,
2007,
6846,
111,
5868,
32,
41427,
6247,
176,
23,
10,
731,
2330,
25,
1769,
25,
5,
24486,
712,
36,
1632,
34034,
32,
31781,
5,
97,
457,
32801,
2,
2,
133,
1013,
28935,
13484,
16,
5,
1750,
9,
5,
24486,
712,
11,
10,
576,
76,
7,
14,
76,
18,
746,
5035,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
“Earlier this month, NASA scientists provided a visualization of a startling climate change trend — the Earth is getting greener, as viewed from space, especially in its rapidly warming northern regions. | This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect : trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. | 1 | [
0,
17,
48,
30541,
42,
353,
6,
6109,
4211,
1286,
10,
38228,
9,
10,
26556,
2147,
464,
2904,
93,
5,
3875,
16,
562,
14382,
5777,
6,
25,
5915,
31,
980,
6,
941,
11,
63,
6042,
8232,
3285,
3806,
4,
2,
2,
713,
94,
10632,
16,
684,
25,
5,
11832,
1683,
4832,
13946,
20237,
624,
5,
5466,
1807,
7,
5604,
17210,
1007,
37141,
31,
5,
1255,
6,
12679,
3282,
5,
674,
5181,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The strong El Niño has continued into 2016, raising the possibility that this year will, yet again, set a global temperature record | "The Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in the eastern Ecuadorian Andes". | 0 | [
0,
133,
670,
1448,
39170,
34,
1143,
88,
336,
6,
3282,
5,
3302,
14,
42,
76,
40,
6,
648,
456,
6,
278,
10,
720,
5181,
638,
2,
2,
113,
133,
44536,
11001,
660,
47290,
8,
5,
4046,
8761,
8927,
11,
5,
4580,
18227,
811,
178,
293,
845,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The team of climate scientists notes that in failing to predict the warming ‘hiatus’ in the beginning of the 21st century, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) models overestimated temperature increases… | Projections based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios suggest warming over the 21st century at a more rapid rate than that experienced for at least the last 10,000 years. | 1 | [
0,
133,
165,
9,
2147,
4211,
2775,
14,
11,
4551,
7,
7006,
5,
8232,
44,
711,
3592,
29913,
17,
27,
11,
5,
1786,
9,
5,
733,
620,
3220,
6,
5,
3870,
21494,
19413,
15,
11001,
7229,
36,
41206,
4839,
3092,
39694,
24985,
5181,
3488,
1174,
2,
2,
33347,
2485,
716,
15,
5,
3672,
2872,
15,
3676,
31358,
2741,
225,
24198,
3608,
8232,
81,
5,
733,
620,
3220,
23,
10,
55,
6379,
731,
87,
14,
2984,
13,
23,
513,
5,
94,
158,
6,
151,
107,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass. | Between then and 2010, the mountain lost 80 percent of its ice — two-thirds of which since another scientific expedition in the 1970s. | 1 | [
0,
19247,
1245,
34,
129,
685,
10,
5262,
13484,
9,
63,
2480,
2862,
4,
2,
2,
37257,
172,
8,
1824,
6,
5,
6485,
685,
1812,
135,
9,
63,
2480,
93,
80,
12,
10224,
9,
61,
187,
277,
6441,
25512,
11,
5,
6200,
29,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly. | Infrared observation showed a bright spot where the impact took place, meaning the impact warmed up the lower atmosphere in the area near Jupiter's south pole. | 1 | [
0,
41521,
8,
21217,
32,
45,
8232,
6,
8,
6992,
5,
3778,
34,
682,
57,
13281,
2829,
4,
2,
2,
31288,
40803,
15306,
969,
10,
4520,
1514,
147,
5,
913,
362,
317,
6,
3099,
5,
913,
28163,
62,
5,
795,
5466,
11,
5,
443,
583,
21217,
18,
2077,
9438,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused. | According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is "extremely likely" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. | 0 | [
0,
6335,
176,
712,
16,
1632,
6,
45,
1050,
12,
3245,
6199,
4,
2,
2,
14693,
7,
5,
3870,
21494,
19413,
15,
11001,
7229,
36,
3808,
3376,
238,
24,
16,
22,
22754,
533,
113,
14,
1050,
2712,
21,
5,
7353,
1303,
9,
720,
8232,
227,
28270,
8,
1824,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming. | He is known for his theory on the effects of cosmic rays on cloud formation as an indirect cause of global warming. | 1 | [
0,
347,
29092,
5289,
5061,
495,
9280,
4362,
30837,
28496,
32,
3735,
720,
8232,
4,
2,
2,
894,
16,
684,
13,
39,
6680,
15,
5,
3038,
9,
30837,
28496,
15,
3613,
9285,
25,
41,
18677,
1303,
9,
720,
8232,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
IPCC overestimate temperature rise. | Hansen was invited by Rafe Pomerance to testify before the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on June 23, 1988. | 0 | [
0,
3808,
3376,
39694,
16633,
5181,
1430,
4,
2,
2,
725,
21205,
21,
4036,
30,
248,
20120,
221,
11032,
2389,
7,
11172,
137,
5,
315,
532,
1112,
1674,
15,
2169,
8,
7278,
5187,
15,
502,
883,
6,
11151,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Clouds provide negative feedback. | This publication on renewable energy – "which is now the fastest growing sector of the energy mix and accounts for almost a fifth of all electricity produced worldwide – will join annual medium-term reports on oil, gas and coal, which the IEA already produces". | 0 | [
0,
14438,
29,
694,
2430,
6456,
4,
2,
2,
713,
5362,
15,
8741,
1007,
126,
22,
5488,
16,
122,
5,
6273,
1197,
1293,
9,
5,
1007,
3344,
8,
2349,
13,
818,
10,
1998,
9,
70,
4382,
2622,
3612,
126,
40,
1962,
1013,
4761,
12,
1279,
690,
15,
681,
6,
1123,
8,
4051,
6,
61,
5,
38,
14684,
416,
9108,
845,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
But observations, such as those on our CO2 Coalition website, show that increased CO2 levels over the next century will cause modest and beneficial warming—perhaps as much as one degree Celsius ( 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit ) | A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions. | 1 | [
0,
1708,
15864,
6,
215,
25,
167,
15,
84,
6247,
176,
10410,
998,
6,
311,
14,
1130,
6247,
176,
1389,
81,
5,
220,
3220,
40,
1303,
6473,
8,
10142,
8232,
578,
35982,
25,
203,
25,
65,
3093,
15807,
36,
112,
4,
398,
4176,
24847,
4839,
2,
2,
250,
5635,
712,
9,
204,
4,
2546,
4176,
24847,
11,
674,
5181,
16,
421,
30,
291,
3506,
6,
8,
10,
5635,
712,
9,
361,
4,
3272,
4176,
24847,
11,
674,
5181,
64,
28,
421,
30,
5,
1004,
9,
5,
3220,
114,
1085,
16,
626,
7,
9128,
5035,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The Obama administration's "own Environmental Protection Agency" has said its Clean Power Plan "will have a marginal impact on climate change." | Adequate levels of CO2 must be maintained for the plants to grow efficiently. | 0 | [
0,
133,
1284,
942,
18,
22,
3355,
6982,
5922,
3131,
113,
34,
26,
63,
10326,
3029,
5427,
22,
6677,
33,
10,
14612,
913,
15,
2147,
464,
72,
2,
2,
9167,
8198,
877,
1389,
9,
6247,
176,
531,
28,
4925,
13,
5,
3451,
7,
1733,
14146,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, droughts and other natural disasters have yet to show any obvious long-term change.” | Uncertainty over feedbacks is the major reason why different climate models project different magnitudes of warming for a given amount of emissions. | 0 | [
0,
32401,
45956,
6,
9007,
24263,
6,
12530,
6,
385,
10344,
1872,
8,
97,
1632,
12884,
33,
648,
7,
311,
143,
4678,
251,
12,
1279,
464,
4,
17,
46,
2,
2,
9685,
31097,
2553,
81,
6456,
29,
16,
5,
538,
1219,
596,
430,
2147,
3092,
695,
430,
16150,
25917,
9,
8232,
13,
10,
576,
1280,
9,
5035,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The rate of global sea level rise on average has fallen by 40% the last century. | Sea level rise will continue over many centuries. | 1 | [
0,
133,
731,
9,
720,
3342,
672,
1430,
15,
674,
34,
4491,
30,
843,
207,
5,
94,
3220,
4,
2,
2,
37697,
672,
1430,
40,
535,
81,
171,
11505,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
I think about all the 194 countries that signed onto the Paris accord, the U.S. is the one that's leading the world in reducing emissions. | Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well. | 0 | [
0,
100,
206,
59,
70,
5,
31300,
749,
14,
1419,
2500,
5,
2201,
10170,
6,
5,
121,
4,
104,
4,
16,
5,
65,
14,
18,
981,
5,
232,
11,
4881,
5035,
4,
2,
2,
37257,
9095,
8,
193,
6,
5,
720,
1266,
3342,
672,
1458,
15,
674,
30,
155,
4,
134,
46710,
50141,
288,
4,
246,
50141,
5471,
228,
76,
6,
19,
41,
19308,
12333,
25,
157,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The amount of heat energy coming out of the Earth is too small to even be worth considering. | In a scenario where global emissions start to decrease by 2010 and then declined at a sustained rate of 3% per year, the likely global average temperature increase was predicted to be 1.7 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050, rising to around 2 °C by 2100. | 0 | [
0,
133,
1280,
9,
2859,
1007,
567,
66,
9,
5,
3875,
16,
350,
650,
7,
190,
28,
966,
2811,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
10,
5665,
147,
720,
5035,
386,
7,
7280,
30,
1824,
8,
172,
1981,
23,
10,
5232,
731,
9,
155,
207,
228,
76,
6,
5,
533,
720,
674,
5181,
712,
21,
6126,
7,
28,
112,
4,
406,
50141,
12938,
347,
1065,
1198,
12,
27739,
1389,
30,
24050,
6,
2227,
7,
198,
132,
50141,
12938,
347,
30,
32160,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
But as the change gets larger or more persistent … it appears they underestimate climate change | This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through emission of carbon dioxide, for which transport is the fastest-growing emission sector. | 0 | [
0,
1708,
25,
5,
464,
1516,
2514,
50,
55,
13109,
1555,
24,
2092,
51,
28454,
2147,
464,
2,
2,
713,
6670,
935,
6631,
6,
217,
23737,
21233,
33665,
4376,
8,
28872,
15719,
6,
8,
16,
10,
1233,
12390,
7,
720,
8232,
149,
22679,
9,
4363,
15746,
6,
13,
61,
4240,
16,
5,
6273,
12,
11600,
22679,
1293,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. | In an effort to answer the first question, computability theory examines which computational problems are solvable on various theoretical models of computation. | 0 | [
0,
1213,
1137,
201,
14,
52,
32,
5,
2270,
1572,
10568,
6872,
3971,
30,
5,
6574,
9,
11422,
12174,
8,
8704,
49,
4363,
15746,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
41,
1351,
7,
1948,
5,
78,
864,
6,
44316,
4484,
6680,
26680,
61,
38163,
1272,
32,
9281,
43149,
15,
1337,
26534,
3092,
9,
44042,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
But observations, such as those on our CO2 Coalition website, show that increased CO2 levels over the next century will cause modest and beneficial warming—perhaps as much as one degree Celsius ( 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit ) | In it was the prediction that on our current course the planet will warm a disastrous seven degrees Fahrenheit ( or about 3.9 degrees Celsius ) by the end of this century. | 1 | [
0,
1708,
15864,
6,
215,
25,
167,
15,
84,
6247,
176,
10410,
998,
6,
311,
14,
1130,
6247,
176,
1389,
81,
5,
220,
3220,
40,
1303,
6473,
8,
10142,
8232,
578,
35982,
25,
203,
25,
65,
3093,
15807,
36,
112,
4,
398,
4176,
24847,
4839,
2,
2,
1121,
24,
21,
5,
16782,
14,
15,
84,
595,
768,
5,
5518,
40,
3279,
10,
15518,
707,
4176,
24847,
36,
50,
59,
155,
4,
466,
4176,
15807,
4839,
30,
5,
253,
9,
42,
3220,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
“At the bottom of the world, sea ice is also at all-time record low levels around Antarctica, the data center said. | Arctic sea ice extent ice hit an all-time low in September 2012, when the ice was determined to cover only 24% of the Arctic Ocean, offsetting the previous low of 29% in 2007. | 1 | [
0,
17,
48,
3750,
5,
2576,
9,
5,
232,
6,
3342,
2480,
16,
67,
23,
70,
12,
958,
638,
614,
1389,
198,
27593,
6,
5,
414,
1312,
26,
4,
2,
2,
8138,
20069,
3342,
2480,
5239,
2480,
478,
41,
70,
12,
958,
614,
11,
772,
1125,
6,
77,
5,
2480,
21,
3030,
7,
1719,
129,
706,
207,
9,
5,
12351,
5860,
6,
6147,
2577,
5,
986,
614,
9,
1132,
207,
11,
3010,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The exception to this ice loss is Antarctic sea ice which has been growing despite the warming Southern Ocean. | Since the ocean off the Antarctic coast usually is much warmer than the air over it, the extent of the sea ice is largely controlled by the winds and currents that push it northwards. | 1 | [
0,
133,
8219,
7,
42,
2480,
872,
16,
31769,
3342,
2480,
61,
34,
57,
1197,
1135,
5,
8232,
2944,
5860,
4,
2,
2,
11321,
5,
6444,
160,
5,
31769,
3673,
2333,
16,
203,
13933,
87,
5,
935,
81,
24,
6,
5,
5239,
9,
5,
3342,
2480,
16,
2743,
4875,
30,
5,
2372,
8,
28124,
14,
1920,
24,
1926,
17337,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Surface temperatures on Earth have stabilized. | Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilized by tidal interactions with the Moon. | 1 | [
0,
27526,
9021,
3971,
15,
3875,
33,
28725,
4,
2,
2,
510,
1627,
2533,
9779,
1283,
8,
3034,
31016,
311,
14,
3875,
18,
18884,
2617,
22136,
16,
28725,
30,
34214,
11324,
19,
5,
5648,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans. | Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO 2-induced ocean acidification. | 1 | [
0,
108,
2522,
27243,
5035,
9,
2664,
31542,
20631,
9,
4363,
15746,
1395,
3544,
10395,
4591,
5,
19785,
4,
2,
2,
10169,
833,
43916,
27368,
8483,
4281,
8823,
7,
6247,
132,
12,
29101,
6444,
10395,
5000,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The rate of global sea level rise on average has fallen by 40% the last century. | The Framework Convention was agreed on in 1992, but global emissions have risen since then. | 0 | [
0,
133,
731,
9,
720,
3342,
672,
1430,
15,
674,
34,
4491,
30,
843,
207,
5,
94,
3220,
4,
2,
2,
133,
30763,
9127,
21,
1507,
15,
11,
8548,
6,
53,
720,
5035,
33,
7408,
187,
172,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The U.S. has also witnessed increasing numbers of intense rainfall events. | Lee County was lashed by strong winds and heavy rainfall, which caused prolonged flooding in some areas. | 1 | [
0,
133,
121,
4,
104,
4,
34,
67,
6957,
2284,
1530,
9,
5676,
10198,
1061,
4,
2,
2,
24403,
413,
21,
21569,
30,
670,
2372,
8,
2016,
10198,
6,
61,
1726,
14308,
5681,
11,
103,
911,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Underground temperatures control climate. | Runaway climate change of 4–5 °C can make swathes of the planet around the equator uninhabitable, with sea levels up to 60 metres (197 ft) higher than they are today. | 0 | [
0,
17245,
13981,
3971,
797,
2147,
4,
2,
2,
33177,
4384,
2147,
464,
9,
204,
2383,
245,
50141,
12938,
347,
64,
146,
29025,
5065,
9,
5,
5518,
198,
5,
4065,
2630,
21969,
13899,
11010,
6,
19,
3342,
1389,
62,
7,
1191,
7472,
36,
30586,
50141,
2543,
43,
723,
87,
51,
32,
452,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The rate of warming according to the data is much slower than the models used by the IPCC | On the basis of available data, climate scientists are now projecting an average global temperature rise over this century of 2.0 to 4.5°C. | 1 | [
0,
133,
731,
9,
8232,
309,
7,
5,
414,
16,
203,
9992,
87,
5,
3092,
341,
30,
5,
41206,
2,
2,
4148,
5,
1453,
9,
577,
414,
6,
2147,
4211,
32,
122,
20440,
41,
674,
720,
5181,
1430,
81,
42,
3220,
9,
132,
4,
288,
7,
204,
4,
245,
12938,
347,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we decrease emissions, global warming will accelerate this century. | Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well. | 1 | [
0,
6335,
176,
1389,
32,
2227,
98,
1769,
14,
3867,
52,
7280,
5035,
6,
720,
8232,
40,
10107,
42,
3220,
4,
2,
2,
37257,
9095,
8,
193,
6,
5,
720,
1266,
3342,
672,
1458,
15,
674,
30,
155,
4,
134,
46710,
50141,
288,
4,
246,
50141,
5471,
228,
76,
6,
19,
41,
19308,
12333,
25,
157,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
“Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic. | More precisely, it is "the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference". | 0 | [
0,
17,
48,
14043,
13742,
397,
6,
10,
9580,
9744,
13,
1718,
107,
6,
26,
37,
21,
45,
584,
14,
6444,
10395,
5000,
7444,
117,
1856,
6,
53,
14,
37,
2047,
14,
44,
48,
102,
723,
672,
9,
5286,
22865,
24966,
17,
46,
197,
28,
5049,
7,
5,
5674,
4,
2,
2,
9690,
12810,
6,
24,
16,
22,
627,
17836,
1966,
9,
3031,
776,
32242,
716,
15,
5,
36099,
709,
9,
6680,
8,
15306,
6,
1330,
30,
3901,
6448,
9,
42752,
845,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing. | These external forcings can be natural, such as variations in solar intensity and volcanic eruptions, or caused by humans. | 1 | [
0,
40466,
18538,
7,
3046,
1572,
24,
7,
464,
23,
5,
86,
131,
5868,
32,
122,
5,
7353,
6437,
4,
2,
2,
4528,
6731,
33147,
1033,
64,
28,
1632,
6,
215,
25,
18746,
11,
4118,
10603,
8,
23183,
33738,
25240,
6,
50,
1726,
30,
5868,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Methane is the only cause of climate change. | Play media Satellite measurements of Greenland's ice cover from 1979 to 2009 reveals a trend of increased melting. | 0 | [
0,
448,
4774,
1728,
16,
5,
129,
1303,
9,
2147,
464,
4,
2,
2,
20780,
433,
29801,
19851,
9,
31709,
18,
2480,
1719,
31,
12330,
7,
2338,
7441,
10,
2904,
9,
1130,
23187,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated. | The mid-points of the sea level rise estimates are within ±10% of those from the TAR; but the range has narrowed. | 0 | [
0,
37697,
2480,
34,
20998,
203,
3845,
87,
4211,
8,
2147,
3092,
5291,
4,
2,
2,
133,
1084,
12,
21996,
9,
5,
3342,
672,
1430,
2785,
32,
624,
46710,
698,
207,
9,
167,
31,
5,
255,
2747,
131,
53,
5,
1186,
34,
20546,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Underground temperatures control climate. | Any imbalance results in a change in the average temperature of the earth. | 1 | [
0,
17245,
13981,
3971,
797,
2147,
4,
2,
2,
11913,
27340,
775,
11,
10,
464,
11,
5,
674,
5181,
9,
5,
6872,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Water vapour is the most dominant greenhouse gas. | The average residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphere is only about nine days, compared to years or centuries for other greenhouse gases such as CH 4 and CO 2. | 0 | [
0,
25589,
39616,
2126,
16,
5,
144,
7353,
11832,
1123,
4,
2,
2,
133,
674,
5238,
86,
9,
10,
514,
28807,
11,
5,
5466,
16,
129,
59,
1117,
360,
6,
1118,
7,
107,
50,
11505,
13,
97,
11832,
20038,
215,
25,
3858,
204,
8,
6247,
132,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Preventing global warming is relatively cheap; business-as-usual will cause accelerating climate damage costs that economists struggle to even estimate. | The total economic impacts from climate change are difficult to estimate. | 1 | [
0,
22763,
9399,
154,
720,
8232,
16,
3487,
6162,
131,
265,
12,
281,
12,
33400,
40,
1303,
17604,
2147,
1880,
1042,
14,
9019,
3860,
7,
190,
3278,
4,
2,
2,
133,
746,
776,
7342,
31,
2147,
464,
32,
1202,
7,
3278,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The argument that solving the global warming problem by reducing human greenhouse gas emissions is "too hard" generally stems from the belief that (i) our technology is not sufficiently advanced to achieve significant emissions reductions, | Carbon dioxide is the most significant long-lived greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere. | 0 | [
0,
133,
4795,
14,
15582,
5,
720,
8232,
936,
30,
4881,
1050,
11832,
1123,
5035,
16,
22,
15605,
543,
113,
3489,
17386,
31,
5,
6563,
14,
36,
118,
43,
84,
806,
16,
45,
21547,
3319,
7,
3042,
1233,
5035,
14138,
6,
2,
2,
9518,
12573,
15746,
16,
5,
144,
1233,
251,
12,
18062,
11832,
1123,
11,
3875,
18,
5466,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
“There is now less sea ice on Earth than at any time on record. | However, ice melt caused world sea levels to rise about 35 m ( 115 ft ) in the early part of the Holocene. | 1 | [
0,
17,
48,
970,
16,
122,
540,
3342,
2480,
15,
3875,
87,
23,
143,
86,
15,
638,
4,
2,
2,
10462,
6,
2480,
20147,
1726,
232,
3342,
1389,
7,
1430,
59,
1718,
50141,
119,
36,
12312,
50141,
2543,
4839,
11,
5,
419,
233,
9,
5,
6217,
42416,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
warmer oceans have also begun to destabilize glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica | The three main reasons warming causes global sea level to rise are : oceans expand, ice sheets lose ice faster than it forms from snowfall, and glaciers at higher altitudes also melt. | 1 | [
0,
5557,
2089,
19785,
33,
67,
5812,
7,
17881,
2072,
35823,
11,
31709,
8,
27593,
2,
2,
133,
130,
1049,
2188,
8232,
4685,
720,
3342,
672,
7,
1430,
32,
4832,
19785,
3003,
6,
2480,
12208,
2217,
2480,
3845,
87,
24,
4620,
31,
1958,
7349,
6,
8,
35823,
23,
723,
11838,
25917,
67,
20147,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia. | The statement concludes with a call for "reduction in anthropogenic (human-caused) sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global climate change and the conservation of CO 2- consuming photosynthesizers (i.e., plants)." | 0 | [
0,
10980,
4,
14834,
16,
10,
3097,
20583,
20818,
9,
3039,
2866,
23,
5,
589,
9,
2240,
4,
2,
2,
133,
445,
14372,
19,
10,
486,
13,
22,
2050,
27345,
11,
32117,
23982,
36,
19003,
12,
3245,
6199,
43,
1715,
9,
4363,
15746,
8,
97,
11832,
1123,
5035,
8216,
7,
720,
2147,
464,
8,
5,
8360,
9,
6247,
132,
12,
16997,
2356,
45122,
5065,
11574,
36,
118,
4,
242,
482,
3451,
18456,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
that atmospheric CO2 increase that we observe is a product of temperature increase, and not the other way around, meaning it is a product of natural variation... | But, more accurately, global warming is the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation, while climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes in precipitation. | 1 | [
0,
6025,
24486,
6247,
176,
712,
14,
52,
14095,
16,
10,
1152,
9,
5181,
1437,
712,
6,
8,
45,
5,
97,
169,
198,
6,
3099,
24,
16,
10,
1152,
9,
1437,
1632,
21875,
734,
2,
2,
1708,
6,
55,
12775,
6,
720,
8232,
16,
5,
4412,
1050,
12,
3245,
6199,
712,
11,
720,
4084,
3971,
8,
63,
5635,
18719,
6,
150,
2147,
464,
1171,
258,
720,
8232,
8,
63,
3038,
6,
215,
25,
1022,
11,
13273,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
“Our analyses do not indicate acceleration in sea level in U.S. tide gauge records during the 20th century,” the study’s authors concluded. | The seven sources of CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion are (with percentage contributions for 2000–2004): Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (N 2O) and three groups of fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs)) are the major anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and are regulated under the Kyoto Protocol international treaty, which came into force in 2005. | 0 | [
0,
17,
48,
2522,
20070,
109,
45,
6364,
1437,
19308,
11,
3342,
672,
11,
121,
4,
104,
4,
13260,
12567,
2189,
148,
5,
291,
212,
1437,
3220,
6,
17,
46,
5,
892,
17,
27,
29,
7601,
4633,
4,
2,
2,
133,
707,
1715,
9,
6247,
132,
31,
11422,
2423,
31620,
32,
36,
5632,
3164,
5694,
13,
3788,
2383,
34972,
3256,
17962,
15746,
6,
25139,
6,
23737,
21233,
30629,
36,
487,
132,
673,
43,
8,
130,
1134,
9,
39354,
9339,
20038,
36,
29,
19509,
710,
38810,
2001,
6487,
368,
1949,
36,
23646,
231,
238,
13575,
33266,
368,
1975,
271,
16830,
36,
725,
5268,
29,
238,
8,
32168,
6487,
368,
1975,
271,
16830,
36,
510,
5268,
29,
35122,
32,
5,
538,
32117,
23982,
11832,
20038,
6,
8,
32,
13588,
223,
5,
36663,
30463,
758,
11142,
6,
61,
376,
88,
1370,
11,
4013,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
a study that totally debunks the whole concept of man-made Global Warming | U.N. Report : Global Warming Man-Made, Basically Unstoppable. | 1 | [
0,
102,
892,
14,
4940,
10189,
29201,
5,
1086,
4286,
9,
313,
12,
7078,
1849,
305,
21728,
2,
2,
791,
4,
487,
4,
2872,
4832,
1849,
305,
21728,
1554,
12,
29709,
6,
23381,
1890,
620,
46160,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The winds around the continent seem to be strengthening, stirring the ocean and bringing up a layer of warmer water that has most likely been there for centuries. | Strong westerly ( eastward ) winds blow around Antarctica, driving a significant flow of water northwards. | 1 | [
0,
133,
2372,
198,
5,
9183,
2045,
7,
28,
10066,
6,
21881,
5,
6444,
8,
2406,
62,
10,
10490,
9,
13933,
514,
14,
34,
144,
533,
57,
89,
13,
11505,
4,
2,
2,
30558,
885,
8939,
352,
36,
3017,
7767,
4839,
2372,
4627,
198,
27593,
6,
1428,
10,
1233,
3041,
9,
514,
1926,
17337,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The bushfires in Australia were caused by arsonists and a series of lightning strikes, not 'climate change'. | The Milankovitch cycles are a set of cyclic variations in characteristics of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. | 0 | [
0,
133,
18080,
23668,
11,
1221,
58,
1726,
30,
18949,
1952,
8,
10,
651,
9,
14489,
5315,
6,
45,
128,
36695,
464,
2652,
2,
2,
133,
5366,
3153,
1417,
3239,
16726,
32,
10,
278,
9,
13030,
636,
18746,
11,
12720,
9,
5,
3875,
18,
13435,
198,
5,
2083,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Any reasonable person can recognize both positives and negatives among the policy proposals of both Tories and Labour. | In a speech in Tynemouth the next day, May said Labour had deserted working-class voters, criticised Labour's policy proposals and said Britain's future depended on making a success of Brexit. | 1 | [
0,
11913,
5701,
621,
64,
5281,
258,
22298,
8,
34784,
566,
5,
714,
5327,
9,
258,
20371,
8,
4165,
4,
2,
2,
1121,
10,
1901,
11,
255,
3892,
14393,
5,
220,
183,
6,
392,
26,
4165,
56,
31712,
447,
12,
4684,
1983,
6,
9923,
4165,
18,
714,
5327,
8,
26,
1444,
18,
499,
32685,
15,
442,
10,
1282,
9,
2404,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
That humans are causing global warming is the position of the Academies of Science from 80 countries plus many scientific organizations that study climate science. | Shale gas worse than coal for three impacts and better than renewables for four. | 0 | [
0,
1711,
5868,
32,
3735,
720,
8232,
16,
5,
737,
9,
5,
20341,
26804,
9,
4662,
31,
1812,
749,
2704,
171,
6441,
2665,
14,
892,
2147,
2866,
4,
2,
2,
3609,
1627,
1123,
3007,
87,
4051,
13,
130,
7342,
8,
357,
87,
26618,
13,
237,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Research has found a human influence on the climate of the past several decades ... | Adequate levels of CO2 must be maintained for the plants to grow efficiently. | 0 | [
0,
27004,
34,
303,
10,
1050,
2712,
15,
5,
2147,
9,
5,
375,
484,
1724,
1666,
2,
2,
9167,
8198,
877,
1389,
9,
6247,
176,
531,
28,
4925,
13,
5,
3451,
7,
1733,
14146,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
You're going to have an increase in the amount of ice in Antarctica because of global warming. | The amount of surface warming in West Antarctica, while large, has not led to appreciable melting at the surface, and is not directly affecting the West Antarctic Ice Sheet's contribution to sea level. | 1 | [
0,
1185,
214,
164,
7,
33,
41,
712,
11,
5,
1280,
9,
2480,
11,
27593,
142,
9,
720,
8232,
4,
2,
2,
133,
1280,
9,
4084,
8232,
11,
580,
27593,
6,
150,
739,
6,
34,
45,
669,
7,
14137,
868,
23187,
23,
5,
4084,
6,
8,
16,
45,
2024,
7920,
5,
580,
31769,
8761,
25538,
18,
5883,
7,
3342,
672,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over. | Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was forecast to be 28 feet (8.5 m), while the levees offered protection to 23 feet (7.0 m), emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding. | 0 | [
0,
133,
1795,
9,
10,
425,
15,
4363,
25473,
5,
1042,
484,
498,
81,
4,
2,
2,
11321,
5,
2130,
6564,
2622,
30,
5,
6874,
18,
235,
12,
9289,
15694,
6618,
36,
42480,
5,
8260,
2372,
43,
21,
1914,
7,
28,
971,
1730,
36,
398,
4,
245,
50141,
119,
238,
150,
5,
16066,
293,
1661,
2591,
7,
883,
1730,
36,
406,
4,
288,
50141,
119,
238,
1923,
1052,
503,
11,
188,
4942,
9741,
14,
5,
2130,
6564,
115,
213,
81,
5,
13657,
9,
16066,
293,
6244,
5,
343,
6,
3735,
538,
5681,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
'Another global warming myth comes crashing down. | Standard global warming theory predicts that the stratosphere will cool. | 1 | [
0,
108,
21518,
720,
8232,
17721,
606,
14401,
159,
4,
2,
2,
35167,
720,
8232,
6680,
17876,
14,
5,
30789,
29498,
40,
3035,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has helped raise global food production and reduce poverty. | Models referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) between 1990 and 2100. | 0 | [
0,
46636,
24486,
4363,
15746,
34,
1147,
1693,
720,
689,
931,
8,
1888,
5263,
4,
2,
2,
30597,
2507,
19800,
30,
5,
3870,
21494,
19413,
15,
11001,
7229,
36,
3808,
3376,
43,
7006,
14,
720,
3971,
32,
533,
7,
712,
30,
112,
4,
134,
7,
231,
4,
306,
50141,
12938,
347,
36,
176,
4,
288,
7,
365,
4,
245,
50141,
12938,
597,
43,
227,
4525,
8,
32160,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
Ironic' study finds more CO2 has slightly cooled the planet | The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere. | 1 | [
0,
100,
18731,
108,
892,
5684,
55,
6247,
176,
34,
2829,
25524,
5,
5518,
2,
2,
133,
11832,
1683,
16,
10,
609,
30,
61,
17210,
13785,
31,
10,
33417,
5466,
997,
4339,
5,
5518,
18,
4084,
1684,
5,
5181,
24,
74,
33,
11,
5,
5171,
9,
63,
5466,
4,
2
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |