Q:

How to extract information from Google Click ID (gclid)?

There is some way to get campaign information like source, name, medium, keyword, etc from the given gclid parameter that came in the query string?

A:

Take a look at CLICK_PERFORMANCE_REPORT, it has plenty of information about a click, referenced by ClickId. The easiest way to access report data is via AdWords scripts.

A:

Probably not.  It contains a timestamp, and two other integers.  However we couldn't match those other integers to any campaign, adword, or keyword ID that we found in the Adwords backend.
We've written about how gclids are encoded (and how you can go about decoding them for yourself).

