Q:

How does the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) differ from Massachusetts health care reform (Romneycare)?

These two laws at face value have many similarities, but it is difficult to spot the differences. How are these two bills alike, and how are they different?

A:

The following list from A Tale Of Two Health Plans: Romney Versus Obama answers this question pretty well.

Similarities

Both have individual mandates that impose a tax penalty on people who
  have the financial ability to buy insurance but don't. Federal
  penalties start at $695 annually, or 2.5 percent of income, whichever
  is higher. In Massachusetts, penalties range from $228 to $1,212,
  depending on family size and income.
Both require health care "exchanges" (in Massachusetts, the exchange
  is called the "connector") designed to create a competitive health
  insurance market that gives individual and small business consumers a
  choice of private plans, rules that facilitate price comparison and
  plan transparency.   
Both leave intact employer-provided insurance systems — Medicare
  plans for the nation's seniors, and Medicaid for poor and low-income
  citizens.
Both would fine companies that don't offer employee heath insurance,
  with exceptions for small businesses. Massachusetts requires
  companies with more than 10 employees to offer insurance; the
  national law sets the limit at 50 employees.    
Both provide subsidies to low-income individuals and families to help
  pay for health insurance coverage.

Differences

The federal plan has a stated goal of attempting to lower health care
  costs; Massachusetts had no such stated goal.
The federal plan includes a patients' bill of rights, and provisions
  designed to promote public health.
The federal plan includes the so-called CLASS Act, a voluntary insurance program offered to workers for long-term care in the event that they become disabled when they get older. (The Obama administration last week delayed the program's rollout because it isn't financially self-sustaining as designed.)
The federal plan would expand Medicaid to cover poor, able-bodied adults who are not parents in addition to poor children, elderly, pregnant women and those with disabilities. The Massachusetts plan expands Medicaid coverage to more children.
To pay for the new coverage, the federal plan imposes taxes on a variety of sectors, from drug and medical device makers to health insurers. Massachusetts relies largely on federal matching funds.

