Q:

What's the most common way of describing the action of putting asphalt on the road?

What's the most common way of describing the action of putting asphalt on the road?
1) The workers are laying asphalt on the road.
2) The workers are covering the road with asphalt.
3) The workers are rolling out asphalt on the road. 
4) The workers are putting down a layer of asphalt on the road.
5) The workers are coating the road with asphalt.
6) The workers are covering the road with asphalt.
or what?

A:

I think you can use "pave" which means:

to lay or cover with material (such as asphalt or concrete) that forms
  a firm level surface for travel

So your sentence will be:

The workers are paving the road with asphalt.

