Q:

hamburger menu vs alternatives for sites

In his article Zoltan Kollin provides several alternatives to hamburger menus. Removing app solutions we're left with:

More
Show primary options, hide others under "more".

Progressively collapsing
On smaller screens, show whatever you can and hide everything else under "more".The bigger screen, the more items are visible.

Scrollable navigation
Swipe right to see more options.

Now the question is there any research (A/B tests, etc.) about which of these works best on websites? Is there any research about how better these vs hamburger (or even worse?).

A:

The Nielsen/Norman Group have done some research into this:
https://www.nngroup.com/articles/hamburger-menus/

Summary: Discoverability is cut almost in half by hiding a website’s main navigation. Also, task time is longer and perceived
  task difficulty increases.
Our quantitative usability testing of hidden menus (such as hamburger
  icons) and visible menus (such as links across the top of pages)
  reveals that:

Hidden navigation is less discoverable than visible or partially    visible navigation.

When navigation is hidden, users are less likely to use navigation.  
If people use hidden navigation, they do so later in the task than if    it were visible.

Hidden navigation provides a worse user experience than visible or partially visible navigation does, in both mobile phones and desktop user interfaces. This finding holds true across multiple UX metrics including users’ assessment of task difficulty, time spent on task, and task success.
On desktops, hiding navigation degrades the experience and the    navigation discoverability more than it does on the phones.
Hiding the navigation mostly affects content that is not directly    accessible through an in-page link.

