Q:

Run process after exiting putty

I'm running a compilation process that can take up to several days to complete on Ubuntu Server 16.04 .
I generally remote into this server using putty SSH, however I've run into a problem. Once I exit my putty session, the compilation terminates. 
How can I make my process keep running after I exit Putty?

A:

Background the process and use nohup to ignore SIGHUP:
nohup make-foo arguments &

Run the compilation command in a terminal multiplexer, such as tmux or GNU screen.  This allows both for the compilation to continue after you detach, and to be able to reattach to the same terminal at a later time to review output.

