Q:

から and ので formation/conjugation differences

Consider the case when から and　ので follows a noun, な-adjective, or noun-equivalent:

から：静かだから... "Because it is quiet..." (Subjective causality)
ので：静かなので... "Because it is quiet..." (Objective causality)

(Question) What causes the difference in the parts in bold above?

A:

から 'since, because' attaches to a clause, whereas で 'with (the reason being)' attaches to a noun. 静かだ is an indicative clause (ordinary sentence), so you can simply attach から, but not で.

静かだから
× 静かだで

In order to use で, you have to have a noun. To do that, you use the formal noun (or nominalizer) の taking an appositive clause. In appositive clauses and relative clauses, na-adjectives take the adnominal ending ～な.

× 静かなのから
静かなので

