text
stringlengths 4
500
| ents
list |
|---|---|
血管痣亦可见于口腔黏膜或颈部、躯干或四肢皮肤。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管痣"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "口腔黏膜"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "颈部"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "躯干"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "四肢皮肤"
}
] |
约90%病人有癫痫发作，多表现为血管痣对侧肢体局限性运动性发作，全身大发作少见，部分患儿也可表现为婴儿痉挛、肌阵挛性发作、失张力性发作或复杂部分性发作等。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫发作"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管痣对侧肢体局限性运动性发作"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管痣"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "侧肢体"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "全身大发作少见"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
50,
51,
52
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "婴儿痉挛"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌阵挛"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌阵挛性发作"
},
{
"indices": [
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "失张力性发作"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "复杂部分性发作"
}
] |
癫痫可用药物控制，如应用抗癫痫药不能控制发作者可行胼胝体离断术或大脑半球切除术，有时也可行肿瘤部分切除术。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫"
},
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "用药物控制"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗癫痫药"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "胼胝体离断术"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "大脑半球切除术"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤部分切除术"
}
] |
可有面肌无力，而其他脑神经支配的肌群可以不受累。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "面肌无力"
},
{
"indices": [
2,
3
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "面肌"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "其他脑神经"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌群"
}
] |
有些患者可有轻度的外周神经病变，表现为轻度感觉丧失，或者反射减弱。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "外周神经病变"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "轻度感觉丧失"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "反射减弱"
}
] |
本病的另一个特征是脑白质髓鞘形成不足。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑白质髓鞘形成不足"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑白质髓鞘"
}
] |
FCMD的主要临床特征是严重中枢神经系统缺陷，眼部异常和肌肉病变。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "FCMD"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重中枢神经系统缺陷"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "眼部异常"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "眼部"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉病变"
}
] |
患者血清CK增高；肌肉活体组织检查显示非特异性表现；头颅MRI显示大脑、小脑小多脑回改变，同时可有脑积水和髓鞘发育不全。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "患者血清CK增高"
},
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "血清CK"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉活体组织检查显示非特异性表现"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉活体组织检查"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "头颅MRI显示大脑、小脑小多脑回改变"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "头颅MRI"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "大脑"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "小脑小多脑回"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "同时可有脑积水和髓鞘发育不全"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
50,
51
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑积水"
},
{
"indices": [
53,
54
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "髓鞘"
}
] |
临床表现为肌张力低下，运动发育迟缓，但最终能站立和行走，约于5岁左右出现关节挛缩。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌张力低下"
},
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌张力"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "运动发育迟缓"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "约于5岁左右出现关节挛缩"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "关节"
}
] |
严重智能发育迟缓。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重智能发育迟缓"
}
] |
血清CK增高；肌肉病理学检查示肌原性改变；脑组织形态学改变为小多脑回和脑回增厚。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血清CK增高"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "血清CK"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉病理学检查示肌原性改变"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉病理学检查"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌原"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑组织形态学改变为小多脑回和脑回增厚"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑组织"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "小多脑回和脑回"
}
] |
主要表现为新生儿流涎及吐沫、生后第一次喂养时出现呛咳，甚至发生窒息。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "流涎"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "吐沫"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呛咳"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "窒息"
}
] |
但以后每次喂奶或喂水后均发生同样现象，并导致吸入性肺炎。 | [
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "吸入性肺炎"
}
] |
食管下段气管瘘者伴明显腹胀。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "食管下段气管瘘"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹胀"
},
{
"indices": [
11
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹"
}
] |
当新生儿生后早期出现上述症状时，应疑及本病，结合X线检查所见，诊断并不困难。 | [
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "X线检查"
}
] |
90%以上的病人可因肿瘤分泌过量的脑脊液而致脑积水、颅高压；另外不同部位肿瘤可有不同表现，四脑室肿瘤多数表现为共济失调症，侧脑室肿瘤多数有癫痫、偏瘫、偏盲等。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "因肿瘤分泌过量的脑脊液而致脑积水、颅高压"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑脊液"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑积水"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "颅高压"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46,
47,
48,
49
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "四脑室肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
56,
57,
58,
59
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "共济失调症"
},
{
"indices": [
61,
62,
63,
64,
65
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "侧脑室肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
69,
70
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
73
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "偏瘫"
},
{
"indices": [
75,
76
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "偏盲"
}
] |
辅助检查CT及MRI检查均有助于肿瘤的诊断。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "辅助检查CT"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "MRI检查"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
}
] |
最理想的治疗手段为手术将肿瘤全切除。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "手术"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤全切除"
}
] |
对于残余肿瘤，如果是脉络丛乳头状瘤，则应再次手术切除；若是脉络丛乳头状癌，可考虑放疗。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脉络丛乳头状瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "手术切除"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脉络丛乳头状癌"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "放疗"
}
] |
化疗对脉络丛乳头状癌也有效果，术前化疗尚可减少肿瘤体积及血液供应，有助于手术全切。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "化疗"
},
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脉络丛乳头状癌"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "术前化疗"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血液"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "手术全切"
}
] |
本病预后较好，肉眼全切者，生存时间较长，并且可完全治愈。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "肉眼全切"
}
] |
在HIE病因中产前和产时窒息各占50%和40%，其他原因约占10%。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "HIE"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "产前和产时窒息"
}
] |
若缺氧缺血发生在出生前几周或几个月时，患儿在出生时可无窒息，也无神经系统症状，但在数天或数周后出现亚急性或慢性脑病的表现，临床上较难与先天性脑畸形或宫内病毒感染相区别。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "缺氧缺血"
},
{
"indices": [
4
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "窒息"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "神经系统"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "神经系统症状"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "在数天或数周后出现亚急性或慢性脑病的表现"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "亚急性或慢性脑病"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "先天性脑畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "宫内病毒感染"
}
] |
在HIE急性期，脑水肿比较明显，可能会掩盖脑细胞损伤，并且病情还在变化之中，所以早期影像学检查不能反映预后，需在2～4周后复查。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "HIE"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑水肿"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑水肿比较明显"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑细胞损伤"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43,
44,
45,
46
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "影像学检查"
}
] |
本病发展迅速，易并发喉梗阻，应及时治疗。 | [
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "喉梗阻"
}
] |
对Ⅱ度或Ⅱ度以上喉梗阻者应早期应用肾上腺皮质激素，用量要足够大。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "Ⅱ度或Ⅱ度以上喉梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾上腺皮质激素"
}
] |
及时选用抗生素控制感染，常用青霉素及头孢霉素。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗生素"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "青霉素"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "头孢霉素"
}
] |
经上述治疗后，呼吸困难仍不缓解，缺氧继续加重者，应气管切开。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸困难"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "缺氧继续加重"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "气管切开"
}
] |
Ⅳ度喉梗阻患儿则应立即进行气管切开术抢救。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "Ⅳ度喉梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "气管切开术"
}
] |
近年来由于抗生素的广泛应用，本病发生率已明显降低。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗生素"
}
] |
婴儿可仅表现为呼吸症状的恶化，病程长者可伴贫血、消瘦、杵状指（趾）等。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸症状的恶化"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "贫血"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "消瘦"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "杵状指（趾）"
},
{
"indices": [
31
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "趾"
}
] |
积脓量不多时，可在肺底部一定范围听到湿啰音，或在脓液面上方听到管状呼吸音。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "积脓量不多"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "可在肺底部一定范围听到湿啰音"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺底部"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "或在脓液面上方听到管状呼吸音"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脓液面上方"
}
] |
胸部X线检查与渗出性胸膜炎相似。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸部X线检查"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "渗出性胸膜炎"
}
] |
胸水检查对诊断及鉴别诊断至关重要。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸水检查"
}
] |
手术目的包括病理活检、根治性肿瘤完全切除术、减负性不完全大部分切除术和解除或减轻症状的姑息性手术。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "手术"
},
{
"indices": [
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "病理活检"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "根治性肿瘤完全切除术"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "减负性不完全大部分切除术"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44,
45,
46,
47
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "姑息性手术"
}
] |
3.儿童处于生长发育期，因此更可能由于化疗药物及放疗对生长发育中的机体器官的损伤造成生长发育障碍及远期的脏器功能不良。 | [
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "化疗药物"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "放疗"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "生长发育中的机体器官的损伤造成生长发育障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "机体器官"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "生长发育障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "远期的脏器功能不良"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脏器功能不良"
}
] |
出生时身长正常，5个月起出现生长减慢，1～2岁明显。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "5个月起出现生长减慢，1～2岁明显"
}
] |
伴有垂体其他促激素不足者，多为促性腺激素缺乏，表现为青春发育延缓，男孩小阴茎、小睾丸，女孩乳房不发育，原发闭经；若伴有ACTH缺乏，则常有皮肤色素沉着和严重的低血糖表现；伴有促甲状腺激素不足，则表现为甲状腺功能低下。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "垂体其他促激素"
},
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "垂体其他促激素不足"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "促性腺激素缺乏"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "促性腺激素"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "青春发育延缓"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "男孩小阴茎、小睾丸"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "阴茎"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "睾丸"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "女孩乳房不发育"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "乳房"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52,
53,
54
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "原发闭经"
},
{
"indices": [
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "ACTH缺乏"
},
{
"indices": [
59,
60,
61,
62
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "ACTH"
},
{
"indices": [
69,
70,
71,
72
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤色素"
},
{
"indices": [
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤色素沉着"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重的低血糖表现"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
80,
81
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "低血糖"
},
{
"indices": [
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "促甲状腺激素不足"
},
{
"indices": [
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "促甲状腺激素"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
101,
102
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "甲状腺"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "甲状腺功能低下"
}
] |
继发性GHD可发生于任何年龄，并伴有原发疾病的相应症状。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "继发性GHD"
}
] |
当病变是一个进展性的肿瘤时，可有头痛、呕吐、视力障碍、行为异常、癫痫发作、多尿及生长障碍等表现。 | [
{
"indices": [
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "头痛"
},
{
"indices": [
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "头"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呕吐"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "视力障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "行为异常"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫发作"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫"
},
{
"indices": [
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "多尿"
},
{
"indices": [
38
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "生长障碍"
}
] |
生长缓慢出现在神经系统症状体征出现前，尤其多见于颅咽管瘤。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "生长缓慢"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "神经系统症状体征"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "颅咽管瘤"
}
] |
颅咽管瘤的儿童常见有视野缺损、视神经萎缩、视乳头水肿及中枢神经瘫痪。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "颅咽管瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "视野缺损"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "视神经萎缩"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "视乳头水肿"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "中枢神经瘫痪"
}
] |
如病情严重、耐药情况不明，宜首选第三代头孢霉素，如头孢曲松、头孢噻肟等，如为敏感株感染则可用氨苄西林，或SMZ-TMP治疗。 | [
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "第三代头孢霉素"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "头孢曲松"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "头孢噻肟"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "敏感株感染"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "氨苄西林"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMZ-TMP治疗"
}
] |
绝大多数情况下，峡部很庞大，由实质性组织组成，有其固有的血供。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "峡部"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "实质性组织"
},
{
"indices": [
28
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
}
] |
偶然也发现峡部很细、很薄，由纤维组织组成。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "峡部"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "纤维组织"
}
] |
马蹄肾血供来源变异很大，可有多支肾动脉供应的情况发生。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "马蹄肾血供来源变异很大"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "马蹄肾"
},
{
"indices": [
3
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "可有多支肾动脉供应的情况发生"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "多支肾动脉"
}
] |
10%的患儿有输尿管重复畸形，半数患儿有膀胱输尿管反流。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管重复畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "半数患儿有膀胱输尿管反流"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱输尿管"
}
] |
当马蹄肾发生肾盂积水、尿路感染以及结石时，可以出现症状，其中最常见的是腹部隐痛，可放射至背部，也可出现Rovsing征，即在脊椎过度伸展时出现腹痛、恶心及呕吐。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "马蹄肾"
},
{
"indices": [
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂积水"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿路感染"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "结石"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹部隐痛，可放射至背部"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹部"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
45
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "背部"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "Rovsing征"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "脊椎过度伸展时出现腹痛、恶心及呕吐"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
63
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脊椎"
},
{
"indices": [
71
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹"
}
] |
5%～10%的患儿可触及腹部肿块。 | [
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "触及腹部肿块"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹部"
}
] |
由于输尿管高位起始于肾盂，可以导致UPJO（肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻）；峡部以及异常的肾动脉均可压迫输尿管，也可引起肾盂积水。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "UPJO"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "峡部"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "峡部以及异常的肾动脉均可压迫输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾动脉"
},
{
"indices": [
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
56,
57,
58,
59
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂积水"
}
] |
马蹄肾没有明确症状，诊断常在B超或排泄性尿路造影（IVU）时才能明确，影像学上提示马蹄肾的表现包括：肾脏位置较低，靠近椎体；两肾的纵轴由外上行向内下在肾的下方相交；肾盏朝向背侧，位于肾盂后方；高位输尿管开口，上段输尿管被推向前方腹侧。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "马蹄肾"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "B超"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "排泄性尿路造影"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "IVU"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "马蹄肾"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾脏位置较低，靠近椎体"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾脏"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "两肾的纵轴由外上行向内下在肾的下方相交"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
63
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "两肾"
},
{
"indices": [
75
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾"
},
{
"indices": [
82,
83,
84,
85,
86,
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盏朝向背侧，位于肾盂后方"
},
{
"indices": [
82,
83
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盏"
},
{
"indices": [
91,
92
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂"
},
{
"indices": [
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108,
109,
110,
111,
112,
113,
114,
115
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "高位输尿管开口，上段输尿管被推向前方腹侧"
},
{
"indices": [
98,
99,
100
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
107,
108
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
115
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹侧"
}
] |
支气管哮喘是由多种细胞，包括炎性细胞（嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞等）、气道结构细胞（气道平滑肌细胞和上皮细胞等）和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "支气管哮喘"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "炎性细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "嗜酸性粒细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肥大细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32,
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "T淋巴细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
37,
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "中性粒细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "气道结构细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "气道平滑肌细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
61,
62,
63
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "上皮细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
68
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "气道慢性炎症性疾病"
}
] |
这种慢性炎症导致易感个体气道反应性增高，当接触物理、化学、生物等诱发因素时，发生广泛多变的可逆性气流受限，从而引起反复发作的、可逆的喘息、咳嗽、气促、胸闷等症状。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "慢性炎症"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "气道反应性增高"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "气道"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "广泛多变的可逆性气流受限"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "反复发作的、可逆的喘息"
},
{
"indices": [
69,
70
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "咳嗽"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
73
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "气促"
},
{
"indices": [
75,
76
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸闷"
},
{
"indices": [
75
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸"
}
] |
解剖上往往不见输尿管的狭窄存在，但组织学研究显示该段输尿管存在肌肉发育、排列、走向以及纤维类型、分布等的异常；如病变段输尿管的胶原纤维增加、肌肉相对缺乏以及环形肌肉增生等。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "解剖上往往不见输尿管的狭窄"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "组织学研究显示该段输尿管存在肌肉发育、排列、走向以及纤维类型、分布等的异常"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "组织学研究"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "病变段输尿管的胶原纤维增加"
},
{
"indices": [
59,
60,
61
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
63,
64,
65,
66
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胶原纤维"
},
{
"indices": [
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83,
84
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉相对缺乏以及环形肌肉增生等"
},
{
"indices": [
70,
71
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉"
},
{
"indices": [
78,
79,
80,
81
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "环形肌肉"
}
] |
由于尿液的积滞，常致肾盂、肾盏的扩张和积水。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿液的积滞"
},
{
"indices": [
2,
3
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿液"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盂、肾盏的扩张和积水"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾盏"
}
] |
先天性输尿管远端狭窄以及输尿管瓣膜也是原发性梗阻性巨输尿管原因之一。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "先天性输尿管远端狭窄"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管瓣膜"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "原发性梗阻性巨输尿管"
}
] |
它们导致膀胱内压增高、膀胱壁或输尿管远端纤维化，形成膀胱输尿管连接部的梗阻。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱内压增高"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱壁"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱壁或输尿管远端纤维化"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管远端"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱输尿管连接部的梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "膀胱"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
}
] |
有些患儿可仅表现为营养不良或生长发育迟缓等。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "营养不良"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "生长发育迟缓"
}
] |
随着超声检查的广泛应用，胎儿巨输尿管的检出率逐渐升高，最高的报道占了超声发现的泌尿系畸形的20%左右。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "超声检查"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "胎儿巨输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "超声"
},
{
"indices": [
39,
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "泌尿系畸形"
}
] |
神经源性膀胱经药物治疗后反流也可缓解。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "神经源性膀胱"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "药物治疗"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "反流也可缓解"
}
] |
如新生儿输尿管巨大扩张、肾功能很差，或有反复的尿路感染，可选择做输尿管造瘘，待患儿长大后再做输尿管再植。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "新生儿输尿管巨大扩张"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾功能很差"
},
{
"indices": [
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "反复的尿路感染"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿路"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管造瘘"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "输尿管再植"
}
] |
吸入后可有短暂的无症状期，但90%以上患儿在吸入后1小时内出现症状，主要表现咳嗽、气急、发热，重者发绀和休克。 | [
{
"indices": [
38,
39
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "咳嗽"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "气急"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
45
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "发热"
},
{
"indices": [
47,
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "重者发绀"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
53
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "休克"
}
] |
X线胸片多为两侧广泛肺泡性或网状浸润阴影，部分可伴局灶性实变。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "X线胸片多为两侧广泛肺泡性或网状浸润阴影"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "X线胸片"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "部分可伴局灶性实变"
}
] |
应立即清理呼吸道，给氧。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "立即清理呼吸道"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "给氧"
}
] |
严重者气管内吸引和机械通气。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重者气管内吸引"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "机械通气"
}
] |
既往健康者常继发口腔寄生菌（尤其是厌氧菌）感染，可选用克林霉素或青霉素治疗；住院儿童则易发生大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌等革兰阴性菌感染，需加用第三代头孢菌素或复合β-内酰胺类等抗生素。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "口腔寄生菌（尤其是厌氧菌）感染"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "克林霉素"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "青霉素"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "大肠埃希菌"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "革兰阴性菌感染"
},
{
"indices": [
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "第三代头孢菌素"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
80,
81,
82,
83,
84,
85,
86
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "复合β-内酰胺类"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
89,
90
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗生素"
}
] |
根据WHO对1990—1994年期间全球15岁以下儿童1型糖尿病调查作的回顾总结，发病率最高的地区为芬兰和意大利，这2个地区的发病率为36/10万。 | [
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "儿童1型糖尿病"
}
] |
1型糖尿病起病多数较急骤，几天内可突然表现明显多饮、多尿，每天饮水量和尿量可达3～5L，易饿多食，但体重下降，称为“三多一少”。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "1型糖尿病"
},
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "起病多数较急骤"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "多饮"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "多尿"
},
{
"indices": [
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "每天饮水量和尿量可达3～5L"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
45,
46,
47
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "易饿多食"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51,
52,
53
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "体重下降"
},
{
"indices": [
58,
59,
60,
61
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "三多一少"
}
] |
部分患儿因感染、饮食不当或情绪波动诱发而起病。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "饮食不当"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "情绪波动"
}
] |
婴幼儿多饮多尿不易发现，有相当多的病人常以急性酮症酸中毒为首发症状，表现为胃纳减退、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、关节肌肉疼痛、呼吸深快、呼气中带有酮味，神志萎靡、嗜睡、反应迟钝，严重者可出现昏迷。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "婴幼儿多饮多尿"
},
{
"indices": [
6
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "急性酮症酸中毒"
},
{
"indices": [
37,
38,
39,
40
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "胃纳减退"
},
{
"indices": [
37
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胃"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "恶心"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呕吐"
},
{
"indices": [
48,
49
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹痛"
},
{
"indices": [
48
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "关节肌肉疼痛"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52,
53,
54
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "关节肌肉"
},
{
"indices": [
58,
59,
60,
61
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸深快"
},
{
"indices": [
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼气中带有酮味"
},
{
"indices": [
71,
72,
73,
74
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "神志萎靡"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
77
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "嗜睡"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
80,
81,
82
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "反应迟钝"
},
{
"indices": [
84,
85,
86,
87,
88,
89,
90,
91
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重者可出现昏迷"
}
] |
学龄儿童亦有因夜间遗尿而就诊者。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "夜间遗尿"
},
{
"indices": [
10
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿"
}
] |
在病史较长的年长儿中，消瘦、精神不振及倦怠乏力等体质显著下降颇为突出。 | [
{
"indices": [
11,
12
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "消瘦"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "精神不振"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "倦怠乏力"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "体质显著下降"
}
] |
2.糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）是血中葡萄糖与血红蛋白非酶性结合而产生，其寿命周期与红细胞相同，反映过去3个月的血糖平均水平。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "糖化血红蛋白"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "HbA1c"
},
{
"indices": [
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "葡萄糖"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血红蛋白"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "红细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
56
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "血糖"
}
] |
肥胖、高胰岛素血症（黑棘皮病）及家族2型糖尿病史是导致儿童发生该型糖尿病的高危因素。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肥胖"
},
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "高胰岛素血症"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "黑棘皮病"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "家族2型糖尿病"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "糖尿病"
}
] |
临床特征是发病年龄小于25岁，有三代以上家族糖尿病史，起病后几年内不需要胰岛素治疗。 | [
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "糖尿病"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素"
}
] |
（4）胰岛素的注射方式有较多选择，如注射针、注射笔、无针喷射装置及胰岛素泵等，目前已经有较多青少年1型糖尿病患者采用胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素（CSII）疗法，用此法与传统的胰岛素注射方案比较，可以增加患者吃主餐和点心的时间灵活性，可以改善代谢，减少严重低血糖的危险。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "注射"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "注射针"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "注射笔"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "无针喷射装置"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素泵"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "青少年1型糖尿病"
},
{
"indices": [
58,
59,
60,
61
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素泵"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "持续皮下输注"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
69,
70
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
73,
74,
75
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "CSII"
},
{
"indices": [
87,
88,
89
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素"
},
{
"indices": [
90,
91
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "注射"
},
{
"indices": [
125,
126,
127,
128,
129
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重低血糖"
},
{
"indices": [
127,
128,
129
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "低血糖"
}
] |
（5）胰岛素治疗的并发症有低血糖，应及时加餐或饮含糖饮料。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "胰岛素治疗"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "低血糖"
}
] |
立克次体是革兰阴性胞内寄生菌，生物学特征介于病毒和细菌之间，在动物宿主包括啮齿动物如鼠类和家畜等贮存宿主体内繁殖，传播途径主要是由节肢动物蜱、螨、蚤、虱等媒介的叮咬或暴露，以及气溶胶方式进行传播。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "立克次体"
},
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "革兰阴性胞内寄生菌"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "病毒"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "细菌"
}
] |
传统的立克次体病包括斑疹伤寒、恙虫病、斑点热、战壕热、Q热，其主要致病机制是病原体侵染血管内皮细胞导致小血管炎和血管周围炎。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "立克次体病"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "斑疹伤寒"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "恙虫病"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "斑点热"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "战壕热"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "Q热"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
39,
40
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "病原体"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管内皮细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52,
53,
54
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "小血管炎"
},
{
"indices": [
56,
57,
58,
59,
60
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管周围炎"
}
] |
其临床特征是高热和出血性皮疹。 | [
{
"indices": [
6,
7
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "高热"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "出血性皮疹"
},
{
"indices": [
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮"
}
] |
体温度高达39℃以上，多为稽留热，少数为弛张热。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "体温度高达39℃以上"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "稽留热"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "弛张热"
}
] |
此外，一般症状包括头痛、腰背痛、食欲缺乏、呕吐、腹泻、腹胀、黄疸。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "头痛"
},
{
"indices": [
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "头"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "腰背痛"
},
{
"indices": [
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腰"
},
{
"indices": [
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "背"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "食欲缺乏"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呕吐"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹泻"
},
{
"indices": [
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹胀"
},
{
"indices": [
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "黄疸"
}
] |
此外可见眼部症状，以球结膜充血为主要特点。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "眼部症状"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "眼部"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "球结膜"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "球结膜充血"
}
] |
重症可加用肾上腺皮质激素。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "肾上腺皮质激素"
}
] |
虽有代谢性酸中毒，但与dRTA不同的是尿可为酸性，与pRTA不同的是尿排出较低。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "代谢性酸中毒"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "dRTA"
},
{
"indices": [
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿可为酸性"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "pRTA"
},
{
"indices": [
34
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "尿排出较低"
}
] |
患儿常有面色苍黄、水肿、皮肤干粗、毛发稀疏。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "面色苍黄"
},
{
"indices": [
4
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "面"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "水肿"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤干粗"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "毛发稀疏"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "毛发"
}
] |
慢性钩虫感染可有低清蛋白血症。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "慢性钩虫感染"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "低清蛋白血症"
}
] |
一般采用粪便直接涂片法，可于镜下发现虫卵。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "粪便直接涂片法"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "镜下"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "镜下发现虫卵"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "虫卵"
}
] |
或采用饱和盐水漂浮法、四氯乙烯圆管法和过滤圆管法。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "饱和盐水漂浮法"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "四氯乙烯圆管法"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "过滤圆管法"
}
] |
贫血者应补充铁剂，严重者应考虑少量输血，每次25～50ml，或5～10ml/kg。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "贫血"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "补充铁剂"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重者应考虑少量输血，每次25～50ml，或5～10ml/kg"
}
] |
目前尚无疫苗用于预防钩虫，但借助重组DNA技术，通过基因克隆和抗原合成，研制疫苗预防钩虫病是有可能的。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "疫苗"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "钩虫"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "重组DNA技术"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "基因克隆"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32,
33,
34
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗原合成"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
39
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "疫苗"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43,
44
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "钩虫病"
}
] |
血管壁结构或功能的异常、血小板量和质的异常、凝血功能异常是出血倾向的基本原因。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管壁结构或功能的异常"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管壁"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血小板量和质的异常"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血小板"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "凝血功能异常"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "出血倾向"
}
] |
临床以出血倾向为主要表现的疾病称作出血性疾病，约占血液系统疾病的30%，要对这些疾病作出正确的诊断和鉴别诊断，必须对正常的止血机制有一个全面的了解，现简述于下。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "出血倾向"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "出血性疾病"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "血液系统疾病"
},
{
"indices": [
62
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
}
] |
爱-唐（Ehlers-Danlos）综合征属常染色体显性遗传，皮肤弹性及胶原纤维发生数量改变、退行性变和断裂，导致皮肤弹性过强，血管脆性高，而易致出血。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "爱-唐（Ehlers-Danlos）综合征"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤弹性及胶原纤维发生数量改变、退行性变和断裂"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胶原纤维"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤弹性过强"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
58
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤"
},
{
"indices": [
64,
65
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血管"
},
{
"indices": [
73,
74
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "出血"
},
{
"indices": [
74
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
}
] |
继发于感染等疾病的播散性血管内凝血（DIC）是由于凝血因子、血小板的大量消耗或纤溶亢进，导致严重的出血；使用抗凝药物引起出血者偶或见之。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "播散性血管内凝血"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "DIC"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "凝血因子"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "凝血因子、血小板的大量消耗或纤溶亢进"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血小板"
},
{
"indices": [
39,
40
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "纤溶"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重的出血"
},
{
"indices": [
50
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56,
57
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗凝药物"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
61
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "出血"
},
{
"indices": [
61
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
}
] |
本病的初始病原体为病毒（主要为副流感病毒1、2、3型，呼吸道合胞病毒及腺病毒次之），在病毒感染的基础上易继发细菌感染。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "病原体"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "病毒"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "副流感病毒1、2、3型"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸道合胞病毒"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36,
37
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "腺病毒"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44,
45,
46
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "病毒感染"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56,
57
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "细菌感染"
}
] |
常先有上呼吸道感染症状，1～2天后出现吸气性喉鸣，声音嘶哑和犬吠样咳嗽及鼻扇、三凹征等呼吸困难症状，随炎症向下蔓延，可出现呼气性呼吸困难。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "上呼吸道感染"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "吸气性喉鸣"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "声音嘶哑"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31,
32,
33,
34
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "犬吠样咳嗽"
},
{
"indices": [
36
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "鼻"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "鼻扇"
},
{
"indices": [
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "三凹征"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44,
45,
46
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸困难"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "炎症"
},
{
"indices": [
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼气性呼吸困难"
}
] |
听诊可闻及喘鸣音和湿啰音，重者因支气管管腔阻塞导致呼吸音减弱或消失。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "听诊"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "听诊可闻及喘鸣音和湿啰音"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "支气管管腔"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "支气管管腔阻塞"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸音减弱或消失"
}
] |
血气分析可出现低氧血症和高碳酸血症。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "血气分析"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血气分析可出现低氧血症和高碳酸血症"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "低氧血症"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "高碳酸血症"
}
] |
必要时行直接喉镜和支气管镜检查，镜下可见喉、气管和支气管黏膜高度红肿，声门及声门下狭窄，气管和支气管内有稠厚分泌物或痂皮阻塞。 | [
{
"indices": [
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "喉镜和支气管镜检查"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "镜下可见喉、气管和支气管黏膜高度红肿"
},
{
"indices": [
16
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "镜"
},
{
"indices": [
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "喉"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "气管"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "支气管黏膜"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "声门及声门下狭窄"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
45
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "气管"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "气管和支气管内有稠厚分泌物或痂皮阻塞"
},
{
"indices": [
47,
48,
49
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "支气管"
}
] |